f 



i 



.# • 



• • 



• r 






• 



A 



N' E W A X D C *.I r L E T E* , 
# » 



;^STAT]STICAL GAZETTEEB, 



STATES OF A3IE1UCA, 



FOU-VT^KD OV AXP COMPTI-.ED FROM 



OFFICIAL FEDERAL AND STATE RETURNS, 



AND THE 



CENSU OF 1850. 



oVV 



r.i-"^ 



RICHARD S: FISHER, M.D., 

AUTHOR OF THE "BOOK OF THE WORLD;" THE '-GAZETTEER OF THE STATE' OF MARYLAND;" 

A "STATISTICAL ACCOUNT OF AMERICA," ETC.. ETC.; .\LSO, LITERARY EDITOR OF 

"C<^LT0n's AMERICAIV ATL.AS;" and editor of THE ''AMERICAN 

RAILWAY GUIDE " 



NEW YORK: 

PUBLISHED BY J. H. COLTOIS^ AND COMPANY, 

No. 172 WILLI.VM ST., COR. BEEKMAN. 
1855. 



^\ 



Entered, according to Act of Congress, in the year 1852, by 

J II COLTON • >■> i 

in the Clerk's OfBcc of the District Court of tlie United States for tlic Soutiiern District ol 

New York. 



W. V. STEREOTYPE ASSOCIATION, 

201 William Street. 






w* 



^^0 



EXPLANATION OF ABBREVIATIONS, ETC. 



MADE USE OF IN THE PREPARATIOiV OF THIS WORK. 



btish busliel 

cap capital 

CO couuty 

cr creek 

C. H. court-house 

(list district 

dwell dwelling 

fr. col free colored 

htind hundred 

isl island 



lat latitude 

long longitude 

manuf. manufacture 

m mile 

mill mountain 

par parish 

pop population 

p. b post borough 

/>. c per centum 

p. o post office 



P- V post village 

pt port 

R- R railroad 

r river 

st slaves 

sq. m square miles 

sta station 

t town 

ter territory 

V village 



hi Alabama 

'■/.■ Arkansas 

alif. California 

: ol Columbia 

ijonn Connecticut 

Del Delaware 

Flor Florida 

Ga Georgia 

Ind Indian 

Ind Indiana 

m Illinois 

la Iowa 

liy Kentucky 

iff Louisiana 



Me Maine 

J\[uss Massachusetts 

Md Maryland 

Mich Michigan 

Minn Minnesota 

^liss Mississippi 

Mo Missouri 

JV. Eng New England 

^V. Hamp New Hampshire 

JV. Jer New Jersey 

JV. Mex New Mexico 

M: Y. New York 

JV. Car North Carolina 

JV.West North-West 



.Xehr Nebraska 

Ohio Ohio 

Oreg Oregon 

Penn Pennsylvania 

R. I. Rhode Island 

/S. Car South Carolina 

Tenn Tennessee 

Tex Texas 

Utah Utah 

Verm Vermont 

Virg Virginia 

Wash Washington 

Wise Wisconsin 

U. S United States 



*,* Where no date is affixed to statistics, they must be understood as referring to the year 1850 
—the year of the statistical series used as tlie basis of the work. 

'»' The distances of places from tlie capitals of the several States, unless otherwise expressed, 
are by direct lines. When distances arc given by railroad, canal, post-road, or river, it is so ex- 
pressed. 



A STATISTICAL ACCOUNT 



UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. . 



The United States, a confederacy of sovereign States, and the most influential republic of the 
world, occupies the middle portion of North America. This confederation, consisting originally of 
thirteen States, but now of thirty-one States, the federal district, and several territorial append- 
ages, lies between the parallels of 24° and 49° north latitude, and the meridians of 10°east and 48-^ 
west from Washington, or 67° and 125° from Greenwich, extending from the Atlantic to the Pacific 
Ocean, and from the British colonies on the north, to the republic of Mexico and the great Gulf on 
the south. The whole extent of this boundary is now defiuitely settled by treaty.* The greatest 
width of this country, from east to west, is 2,900 miles, and the greatest depth, from north to south, 
1,730 miles. Its area maybe estimated at 3,260,000 square miles, including California, Texas, etc., 
recently acquired. It has a frontier of about 10,000 miles, of which 4,400 is sea-coast, and 1,500 
lake-coast. 

The territory of the United States is traversed by two principal chains of mountains, the Alle- 
ghanics on the east side, and the Kocky Mountains on the west. These divide the country into 
three distinct regions : the Atlantic slope, the valley of the Mississipjji, and the declivity from the 
Rocky Mountains to the Pacific. 

Tlie Alleghanies are less a chain of mountains than a long pLateau, crested with several chains 
of mountains or hills, separated from each other by wide and elevated valleys. East of the Hudson 
the mountains are chiefly granitic, with rounded summits, often covered at their tops with bogs and 
turf, and distributed in irregul.ar groups without any marked direction. Some peaks of the Green 
Mountains, in Vermont, and the White Mountains, in New Hampshire, rise to the height of 5,000 
to 6,400 feet above the sea. After passing the Hudson, the structure of the mountains seems to 
change. In Pennsylvania and Virginia they assume the form of long parallel ridges, varying in 
height from 2,500 to 4,000 feet and occupying a breadth of one hundred miles. In North Carolina, 
the highest culmination is 6,476 feet ; but in the northern part of Georgia and Alabama, where 
they terminate, they again lose the form of continuous chains, and break into groups of isolated 
mountains, touching at their base, some of which attain a considerable elevation. 

The Rocky Mount.^ins are on a much grander scale than the Alleghanies. Their base is 300 
miles in breadth, and their loftiest summits, covered with everlasting snow, rise to the height of 10 
to 14,000 feet. These vast chains may be considered as a continuation of the Cordilleras of Mexico. 
They are distant from the Pacific Ocean from 5 to 600 miles, but between them and the coast several 
minor ranges intersect the country, of which the Maritime Range is the most conspicuous. 

The immense valley included between these two ranges of mountains is intersected by the Mis- 
sissippi River, which runs, from north to south, all through the United .States. The country west 
of the Mississippi, with little exception, is yet a wilderness, inhabited by roving bands of Indians, 
and beyond the limits of the organized States the whites have scarcely a settlement; but the 
country east of that river is thickly populated, and in the highest state of cultivation. The most 
remarkable feature in the face of the country is the low plain, from 50 to 100 miles wide, which 
extends along the Atlantic coast. Beyond this plain the land rises toward the interior till it ter- 
minates in the Alleghanies. The rest of the country east of the Mississippi is agreeably diversified 

* The treaties relative to these boundaries are, 1. Treatyof Paris, 17S3. 2. Treaty of London, 1794. S. Loui.'iiana Treaty, 
1S|)3. 4. Treaty of Ghent. 1314. 5. Convention of London, ISIS and 1S2S. C. Florida Treaty, 1S19. T. Treaty with Mex- 
ico, 1823. 8. Treaty with Enssia, 1S24. 9. Ashburlon Treaty, 1S42. 10. Texas Annexation Eeaolutions, 1S45. 11. Oregon 
Treaty, 1346, 13. Treaty of Guadalupe, 1348. 

5 



UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. 



with hills and Talleys, plains and mountains. The soil of the low country, except on the banks of 
creeks and rivers, is sandy, and comparatively unproductive ; but the remainder has a strong, fertile 
soil, capable of supporting a dense population. The Paciiic section is a highly varieS country, 
aboufeding in wild and majestic scenery, and traversed by magnificent rivers. Much, however, 'of 
its interior is desert, and will probably never be inhabited by civilized man. The great California 
desert, indeed, is one of the dreariest regions of the world, the solitude being relieved only by a 
few oases in the neighborhood of streams, or on the borders of its numerous lakes ; on these alone 
is there even an aboriginal population. 

The shores of the United States are washed by three seas : the Atlantic Ocean, on the east, the 
Gulf of Mexico, on the south, and the Pacific Ocean, on the west. The principal b.ays and sounds 
on the Atlantic border are Passamaquoddy Bay, which lies between the State of Maine and the 
British province of New Brunswick ; Massachusetts Bay, between Cape Ann and Cape Cod ; Long 
Island Sound,. between Long Island and the coast of Connecticut; Delaware Bay, which sets up 
between Cape May and Cape Henlopen, sep.arating the Slates of New Jersey and Delaware ; Chesa- 
peake Bay, which communicates with the ocean between Cape Charles and Cape Henry, extending 
in a northern direction for 200 miles, through the States of Virginia and Maryland; Albemarle 
Sound, and Pamlico Sound, on the coast of North Carolina. There are no large bays or sounds on 
the coast of the Gulf of Mexico. On the Pacific coast, however, there are several excellent bays, 
but the principal and only one necessary to mention is the Bay of San Francisco, in the State of 
California. It is one of the finest bays in the world, and capable of containing the navies of all the 
European powers at one time. 

With the exception of Michig.an and Ch.amplain, none of the great lakes of North America lie 
wholly within the territory of the United States ; the rest are on the northern boundary, where they 
form a connected chain, extending through a distance of more than 1 ,200 miles. The first in the 
chain is Lake Superior, the largest body of fresh water on the globe. Few persons are really aware 
of the magnitude of these great lakes ; they are truly inland seas, and navigation is as dangerous, 
and subjected to all the vicissitudes which are connected with the navigation of the Baltic, the 
Black Sea, or the Mediterranean. The following is a tabul.ar statement of the extent of these fresh- 
water seas, with the mean depth of their waters, and their elevation above the sea. 

Naines Mem Lenjilh. Menn Brea-Wi. Are.i. Mean D^ptli. Kiev, above Mie Sea. 

Lake Superior 400 miles SOniiles 32.n008q.m 900 feet 596 I'eel. 

" Micliigan 820 " TO " '2'2,40il •' 1.000 " 673 " 

" Huron 240 " SO " 20,400 " 1,000 " 6T3 " 

" GreenBay 100 " 20 " 2.O0O " 1,000 " 57S " 

" Krie . 240 " 40 " 9,600 " 84 " 565 " 

" Ontnrio ISO " 85 " 6,800 " 5i)0 " 232 « 

" 8t.01air 20 " 14 " S60 " 20 " 610 " 

Lake Champlain, lying between Vermont and New York, is 128 miles long, and fi-om 1 to 16 miles 
wide, and discharges its waters through the Sorel into the St. Lawrence. It is computed that the 
lakes contain above 14,000 cubic miles of water— a quantity more than five-sevenths of all the fresh 
water on the earth. The extent of country drained by the lakes, from the north-western angle 
of Superior to the St. Lawrence, including also the area of the lakes themselves, is estimated at 
33.5,.515 square miles. 

The principal rivers of the United States may be divided into four classes. First, the Mississippi 
and its wide-spread branches, whicli drain the waters of the whole country included between the 
Allech.any and Rocky Mountains; seconil, the rivers east of the Allegh.any Mountains, which, 
rising from their eastern declivity, water the Atlantic plain, and hence flow into the ocean ; thinl, 
the system of rivers flowing into tlie Gulf of Mexico, which may be subdivided into those flowing 
from the southern slope of the Alleghanies, and those having their source in the nortli-western 
highlands of Texas; and, fourth, those streams on the west of the Rocky Mountains, which flow 
into the Pacific Ocean. 

The Mississippi rises west of Lake Superior, in latitude 47° 47' north, amid lakes and swamps, 
dreary and desolate beyond description ; and after a south-east course of about -500 miles, reaches 
the Falls of the St. Anthony, where it descends perpendicularly 16 feet, and where are numerous 
rapids. From these falls it pursues at first a south-easterly, and then a southerly direction ; and, 
after forming the boundary between Iowa, Missouri, and Arkansas, on the west, and AVisconsin, 
Illinois, Kentucky, Tennessee, and Mississippi, on the east, passes through Louisiana, and disch.argeg 
itself through a delta of many mouths into the Gulf of Mexico. It is nearly 3,200 miles in length, 
and is navigable, with few obstructions, to the Falls of St. Anthony. 

Its principal tributaries from the east are — 1. Tlie Wisconsin, which joins it between the paral- 
lels of 42° and 43° north latitude; — 2. The Illinois, a navigable river, which joins it neas latitude 
6 



UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. 



38° 40' north ; — 3. Tlie Olso, which is itself formed by the junction of the Alleghany and Monon- 
gahela rivers at Pittsburg. It flows in a south-westerly direction for 94.5 miles, separating the 
north-western States from Virginia and Kentucky, and falls into the Mississippi iu 37° north lati- 
tude. The chief tributaries of the Ohio are the Wabash, the Cumberland, and the Tennessee, 
which last is formed of several streams from the western parts of Virginia and the Caroliuas, which 
unite a little west of Kuoxville, in the State of Tennessee, and runs at first south-west into Alabama, 
where it turns and runs north-west, through Tennessee iuto Kentucky, and joins the Ohio 10 miles 
below the mouth of the Cumberland; and — 4. The Yazoo, wliicli rises in the northern part of the 
State of Mississippi, and, running south-west, joins the Mississippi 100 miles above Natchez. 

The tributaries from the west are — 1. The Minnesota, or St. Peter's, which joins it about nine 
miles below the Falls of St, Anthony, after a south-east course of several hundred miles; — 2. The 
Des Moines, which joins it near the parallel of 40° north latitude, after a south-easterly course of 
more than 800 miles ; — 3. The Missouri, which is formed by three brandies, called Jefferson's, 
Madison's, and Gallatin's rivers, all of which rise and unite in the Rocky Mountains. The whole 
length, from the highest point of Jefferson's River, to the confluence with the Mississippi, is, by 
actual course, about 2,.500 miles, and to the Gulf of Mexico nearly 4,000 miles ; during the whole 
of which distance there is no cataract or considerable impediment to the navigation, except at Great 
Falls, which are above 2.000 miles from the Mississippi. At these fells the river descends, in the 
distance of 18 miles, 3G2 feet. The principal tributaries of the Missouri are the Yellow Stone, which 
rises in the Rocky Mountains, and joins it after a nortli-easterly course of COO miles ; the Nebraska, 
or Platte, which rises also in those mountains, and, after an easterly course of 800 miles, joins the 
Missouri in latitude 41° north; and the Kansas, which joins it near latitude 39° nortli, after an 
easterly course of more than 600 miles; — 4. The Arkansas, which rises in the Rocky Mountains, 
and pursuing a south-easterly course, forms, for some distance, the boundary between the Indian 
Territory and Texas ; after wliich its course lies principally in the State of Arkansas, till it joins 
the Mississippi in 34° north latitude. Its length is more than 1,300 miles; — 5. The Red River, 
which also rises in the Rocky Mountains, below Sante Fe, and, after a south-easterly course of 
more than 1.000 miles, falls into the Mississippi in latitude 31° north. 

The principal rivers east of the Alleghanies are — 1. The Connecticut, which rises in the highlands 
separating the United States from Canada, and running southerly, divides New Hampshire from 
Vermont, and passing through Massachusetts and Connecticut, falls into Long Island Sound. It is 
navigable for sloops for fifty miles to Hartford, and by means of canals and other improvements, 
has been rendered passable for boats 2.50 miles farther ; — 2. The Hudson, which rises west of Lake 
Champlain, and pursuing a southerly course of more than 300 miles, falls into the Bay of New 
York, after receiving numerous affluents. It is navigable for ships to Hudson, 130 miles, and for 
sloops and steamboats to Troy, 40 miles farther. It is connected with Lakes Champlain, Erie, and 
Ontario by means of canals from Albany, and with the Delaware by a canal from Rondout ; — 
3. The Delaware, which rises in New York, and flowing southerly, separates Pennsjdvania from New 
York and New Jersey, and falls into Delaware Bay, after a course of 300 miles. It is navigable for 
ships of the line 40 miles, to Philadelphia, and for sloops 35 miles farther, to the head of the tide 
at Trenton Falls; — 4. The Susquehanna, which also rises in New York, and, pursuing a southerly 
zig-zag course through Pennsylvania, falls into the head of Chesapeake Bay, near the north-east 
corner of Maryland. During the last 50 miles the navigation is obstructed by an almost continued 
series of rapids ;^5. The Potomac, which rises in the Alleghanies, and, after forming, during its 
whole course, the boundary between Maryland and Virginia, falls into Chesapeake Bay. It is 
navigable for ships of the largest dimensions to Wasliington, the federal capital, about 200 miles 
from the ocean ; but in the upper part of its course there are numerous obstacles, m.^ny of which, 
however, have been overcome by cau.als ; — 6. James River, which rises in the mountains, and falls 
into the southern part of Chesapeake Bay ; and — 7. The Savannah, which forms the dividing line 
between South Carolina and Georgia, and falls into the Atlantic in latitude 32° north. It is navi- 
gable for large vessels to Savannah, 17 miles ; and for boats to Augusta, 130 miles farther. 

The principal rivers which rise south of the Alleghanies, and fall into the Gulf of Mexico, are— 

1. The Appalachicola, which discharges itself into Apal.achee Bay, in Florida. It is formed by the 
union of the Chattahoochee and Flint rivers, the former of which rises in the northern part of 
Georgia, and flowing south, receives the Flint at the south-west extremity of the State. During the 
latter part of its course, the Chattahoochee forms the boundary between Georgia and Alabama ; — 

2. The Mobile, which discharges itself into Mobile Bay. It is formed by two large rivers, the Ala- 
bama and Tombigbee, which unite near latitude 31° north, after having pursued each a separate 
course of many hundred miles. There is another system of rivers flowing iuto the Gulf from the 



UNITED STATES OF AMEKICA. 



highlands of northern Texas, consisting of the Sabine, Trinity, Brazos ,«etc., which need only be 
mentioned here, as the geography of Texas will be minutely described elsewhere. 

The rivers flowing from the Rocky Jlountains to the Pacific, consist of — 1. The Columoia, which 
rises near latitude 55° north, and running south-west, falls into tlie ocean in latitude 46^- 15', after 
a course of 1 ,500 miles. Its principal tributaries are Clark's River, Lewis' River, and the Multno- 
mah or Willamette, all of which join it on its left bank. This river was discovered in 1792, and 
settlements were made in the neighborhood by Americans in 1810. The mouth of the river is ob- 
structed by flats, but vessels of 300 tons can ascend to the distance of 125 miles, and large sloops 
farther ; — 2. The Sacramento and San Joaquin, emptying into the Bay of San Francisco ; — 3. The 
Buenaventura, rising in the coast range of the California Mountains, empties into Monterey Bay; 
— i. The Colorado, and River Gila (which separates Mexico from the United States), flow from the 
mountains near Santa Fe, and would, if not received by the Gulf of California, empty into the 
Pacific ; they belong, however, to the same system of rivers. 



The government of the United States is a federal democratic republic. It is based on the consti- 
tution of 1787, and amendments thereto. 

The electors of the most numerous branch of the several State Legislatures are qualified electors 
in the States respectively for all elective officers of the general government. 

All legislative powers are vested in Congress, which consists of a Senate and House of Repre- 
sentatives. 

The "House of Representatives" is composed of members chosen every second year by the people 
of the several States, and in number in accordance with the population of each, and in order to 
ascertain the number each State is entitled to, a census is taken every ten years, excluding from 
the enumeration for this object two-thirds of the slaves, and all Indians not taxed. Each State is 
entitled to at least one representative. Vacancies are filled by intermediate elections. The House 
chooses its speaker and other officers. No person under twenty-five years of age, who has been 
less than seven years a citizen of xhe United States, and who is not a resident of the State electing 
him, is qualified for representative. 

The constitution provided for a specific number of representatives from each State to compose the 
House until the ascertainment of the population under the census of 1790 ; but since then legisla- 
tion has decennially fixed the number to be elected. From the 3d March, 1793, the apportionment 
was one representative to every 33,000 of the representative population ; after 1803, one to every 
33,000 also ; after 1813, one to every 35,000 ; after 1823, one to every 40,000 ; after 1833, one to every 
47,000; after 1843, one to every 70,G80; and after 3d March, 1853, 233 representatives, to be di- 
vided pro rata to the several States. The following table shows the number of representatives to 
which each State has been entitled since the establishment of the government: 

states. 17S7. 17<I3. 1803. 13[3. 1«23. IS33. 1813. 1&13. 

Maine — .. — .. — .. — .. T.. 8.. T.. G 

New nampshiro 8.. 4.. 5.. 6.. 6.. 6.. 4.. 3 
Massachusetts.. . 8 . . 14 . . IT . . 20 . . 18 . . 13 . . 10 . . 11 
Khode Island . . 1.. 2.. 2.. 2.. 2.. 2.. 2.. 2 
Conneelicut . . . . 5.. 7.. 7.. 7.. 6.. 6.. 4.. 4 

Vermont — .. 2.. 4.. C.. 5.. 5.. 4.. 3 

New York G .. 10 .. 17 .. 27 .. 84 .. 40 .. 84 .. 83 

New Jersey 4.. 5.. G.. 6.. 6.. 6.. 5.. 5 

Pennsylvania.. . 8 . . 13 . . 18 . . 23 . . 26 . . 2S . . 24 . . 25 

Delaware 1.. 1.. 1.. 2.. 1.. 1.. 1.. 1 

Maryland 6.. 8.. 9.. 9.. 9.. 8.. 6.. 6 

Virginia 10 .. 19 .. 22 .. 23 .. 22 .. 21 .. 15 .. 18 

North Carolina.. 5 .. 10 .. 13 .. 13 . . 13 .. IS .. 9.. 8 
South Carolina.. 5.. G.. 8.. 9.. 9.. 9.. 7.. 6 

Georgia 8.. 2.. 4.. 6.. 7.. 9., 8.. 8 

Alabama — .. — ..— .. — .. 3.. 5,. 7.. 7 

In addition to these representatives from States, the House admits a delegate from each organized 
Territory, who has the right to debate on subjects in which his Territory is interested, but can not 
vote. California has two members by a special act. 

The " Senate" consists of two members from each State, elected by the Legislatures thereof 
respectively for six years. One-third the whole body is renewed biennially, and if vacancies hap- 
pen, by resignation or otherwise, during the recess of the Legislature of any State, the executive 
of such State' makes a temporary appointment until the next meeting of the Legislature, whicli 
fills such vacancy. Senators must be at least thirty years old, must have been citizens of the United 
States for nine years, and be residents of the State by which chosen. Each senator has one vote. 
The Vice-president of the United States is ex officio President of the Senate, but a president pro tem- 
pore is elected by and from among the Senators, who, in the absence of the president, acts in his stead. 
8 



states. 17?7. 17' 

Mississippi — . . - 

Louisiana ■ — .. - 

Tennoivsee — . . - 

Kentucky — .. 

Ohio — .. - 

Indiana — .. - 

Illinois — . . - 

Missouri — . . - 

Arkansas — . . - 

Miehican — .. — .. — .. — .. — .. — .. 3.. 4 

Florida _.._.._.._.._.._.. 1.. 1 

Texas _.._.._.._.._.._.. 2.. 2 

Iowa — .. — .. — ..^.. — .. — .. 2.. 2 

"Wiseonsin — .. — ■ . . — .. — .. — .. — .. 3.. S 

CaliforDia — .. — .. — .. — .. — .. — .. 2.. 2 



13. 


1SI3. 


18S3. 


1833. 


1843. 


18ii3. 


_- 


. — 


. 1 


. 2 


. 4 


. a 


_ 


— 


. » 


. 3 


. 4 


. 4 


3 


. 6 


. 9 


. 13 


.11 


. in 


n 


. 10 


. 12 


. IS 


. 10 


. 10 


_ 


. 6 


. 14 


. 19 


. 21 


. 21 


_ 


. — 


, 3 


. 7 


. 10 


. n 


_ 


. — 


. 1 


. S 


. 7 


. 9 


- 


. — 


. 1 


. 2 


. 5 


. 7 


— 


. — 


. — 


. — 


. 1 





UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. 



The constitutional government -went into operation on the 4th March, 1789, but a quorum of the 
first Congress, which met at the city of New Yoric, was not formed until the Olh April, nor was the 
first president of the United States inaugurated before the 30th April. The following is a complete 
list of sessions of Congress held up to the present time : 



gress. 

1st 



^imencetl. 



TerminatPd. 



1st e April, 

2a iJiin., 

3d 6Dec., 

Isit 24 Oct, 

2d .. 5 Nuv., 

1st 2 Dec, 

i 2d 

*"'! 2d 



2d^ 
3d( 



1TS9 29 Sept., 1T.S9. 

1T90 12 Aiiff., 1T90. 

1790 3Mrir., 1791. 

1T91 8 May, 1792. 

1792 2 Mar., 1793. 

1793 9. lime, 1794. 

Nov.', 1794 3 Mar., 179.=). 

7 Dec, 179.') 1 June, 1 790 . 

5 '• 1796 8 Mar., 1797. 



7th. 



Sth]^; l'-^^*- 



9lh-; 
10th 



.171! 
.221 
. 8S 
.198 
.118 
.190 
.121 
.178 
. 89 
. 57 
.246 
. 91 
.16.5 
.107 
14S 



(1st ISMay, 1797 10 July, 1797. 

5lh-{ 2d 13 Nov., 1797 16 ■' 179S. 

( 3d 3Dec., 1793 8 Mar., 1799. 

„„ I Isl 2 " 1799 14M:iy, I.SIIO. 

"'"■j 2d 17 Nov., 1800 3 Mar., 1801. 

,„ list 7 Dec, 1801 3 May, 1802. 

12.1 6 " 1802 3 Mar., 1803 8S 

1803 27 " 1804 163 

6Nov., 1804 3 " 18115 119 

list 2 Dec, 1805 21 April, 1806 141 

2d 1 " 1806 SMar, 1S07 93 

1st 26 Oct., 1.807 25 Anril, 180S 1S3 

2d 7Nov., 1808 3M;ir., 1809 117 

1st 22 May, 1809 28 June, 1809 38 

2d 27 Nov., 1S09 1 May, 1810 156 



nth 



12th 



13th 



15th 
16lh 



( 3il SDi 

1 1st 4 Nov., 

) 2d 2 " 

list 24 May, 

i 2d 6 Dee. 

I 8d 19 Sept., 

1 1st 4 Dec, 

1 2d 2 " 

list 1 " 

I 2d 16 Nov., 

(1st 6 Dec, 



1810 3Mar., 1811 91 

1811 6,Tnly, 1S12 240 

1812 3Mar., 1813 122 

1813 2Alls., 1813 71 

1813 18 April, 1814 1.34 

1814 SMar, 1815 105 

1815 30 April, 1S16 149 

1S16 3Mar., 1817 92 

1817 30 April, ISIS 151 

IslS 3Mar., 1S19 los 

1519 15 May, 1S20 102 

.111 



■| 2d 13 Nov., 1S20 3Mar., 1821. 



Con. 

gress. 

17th J 



2<1 

isth];f, 

1st 
2d 
Isl 
2d 



1st S Dec, 1821 

■ 1822 



19th 
20th 



21st] \f 

22d]^;; 

23d J It 



Teritnnnled. -^'1',,^ 

8 May, 1S22. . . . .'.1.57 

SMar., 1823 92 

:7May, 1S24 179 

3 Mar., 1825 88 

:2 May, 1826 109 

SMar., 1S27 90 

1827 26 May, 1828 176 

1828 3Mar., 1829 93 

1829 31 M.ay, 18.30 176 



1823 
1S24 
1S25 
1820 



■11 

1st. 
tl-< 2rl. 

(3d. 

I 1st. 
1 2d. 



isno. 

1831. 
1832. 
1S33. 
18.34. 
1>.35. 
1830. 



26th 



( 1st. 
27111.; 2.1. 



281h 
29 th 



27th 

( 3d. 
i lat. 
1 2d. 
ILst. 
■l 2.1. 

30th] ',j-' 

31st] il:;- 

32.1 -1 



. 4 Sept., 1837. 
. 4 Dec, 18.37. 
. 3 " 1838. 
. 2 " 
. 7 " 
.31 May, 
. 6 Doc, 
. 6 " 



list. 

■| 2d. 

33.1 i '*'• 



SMar., 1S31 ... 
..14 .July, 1832.... 
.. 3 Mar., 1833.... 

. .30 .Time, 1S.34 

. . SMar., 18.35.... 
.. 4. Tilly, 1836.... 

. . 3 Mar., Is37 

..10 (let., 1837.... 
.. 9. July, 1SS3.... 
SM.ir., 1S39.... 
"' ■ ' 1S40.... 

1811 .... 

1841.... 

1842.... 

18J3.... 

1844.... 

1SJ5.... 

1846.... 

1847.... 

1S4S.... 

1849.,.. 

I860.... 



.21 .Inly, 

1840 SMar., 

1841 13 Sept., 

1841 31 Aug., 



1842 
1843 
1844 
1845 
IS40 
1S47, 
1848 
1849 
1850, 
1851 
1852, 

18.53 

1S54 SMar., 



3 Ml 
17 .June 
, SMar., 
10 Alls., 

3 Mar., 
14 An?., 
, SMar., 
.30 Sept., 

3 Mar., Is51 
31 Aug. 18,52 

SMar. 



18,53.. 
1^54.. 
lS.'i5 . , 



2''3 

'."oi 

.211 
. 93 
.211 
. 89 
. 43 
.218 
. 91 
.233 
. 87 
.106 
.2113 
. 83 
.196 
. 91 
.2.53 
. 87 
2,^2 
^89 
.801 
. 91 
.274 
, 88 



Besides its ordinary legislative capacity, the Senate is vested with certain judicial functions, and 
its members constitute a High Court of Iinpe.achment. No person can be convicted by this court 
unless on the finding of a majority of Senators, nor does judgment extend further tlum to i:emoval 
from office and disqualification. Representatives have the sole power of impeachment. 

The Executive Power is vested in a President, who is elected by an Elector.al College, chosen by 
popular vote, or by the Legislature of the State, the number of electors being equal to tire number 
of Senators and Representatives from the States to Congress. His term of office is four years, but 
he is eligible for re-election indefinitely. The electors forming the college are themselves chosen 
in the manner prescribed by the laws of the several States. A majority of the aggregate number 
of votes given is necessary to the election of President and Vice-president, and if none of the can- 
didates has such a majority, then the election of President is determined by the House of Repre- 
sentatives, and that of the Vice-president by the Senate, from .among the three candidates having 
the highest number of electoral votes, and in doing so, the vote is taken by States, the representa- 
tives of each State having only one vote, which must, of course, be determined by a majority of 
their number. No person can be President or Vice-president who is not a native-born citizen, of 
the age of thirty-five years, and who has been a resident of tlie United States for fourteen ye.ars. 
The President is commander-in-chief of the army an.l navy, and of the militia when in the service 
of the Union. With the concurrence of two-thirds of the Senate, he has the power to m.ake treaties, 
appoint civil and military officers, levy war, conclude peace, and do all that rightly belongs to the 
executive power. He has a veto on all Laws passed by Congress, but so qualified, th.at notwithst.ami- 
ing his disapproval, any bill becomes a law on its being afterward approved of by two-thirds of 
both houses of Congress. The President has a salary of .#'2.5,000 per annum, and " the white 
house" at Washington for a residence during his official term. The Vice-president is er-ojjicin 
President of the Senate; and in case of the death, resignation, or other disability of the President, 
the powers and duties of that office devolve upon him for the rem.iiuder of the term for whicli the 
President had been elected. This provision of tlie constitution, for the first time since the founda- 
tion of the government, came into oper.ation in 1841, on the demise of the late Lamented General 
Harrison, who die.l 4th April, just one month after his inauguration, when .John Tyler, the Vice- 
president, succeeded. Vice-president Fillmore also succeeded President Tajdor under this provi- 



UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. 



1793, " 


a 


179T 


179T " 


« 


1801 


18U1 " 


u 


1805 


lSfl5 " 


u 


1809 


1S09 " 


'* 


IfilS 


1S18 " 


(( 


1817 


1S17 " 


" 


1^21 


1821 " 


(t 


isai 


1825 " 


i( 


1S29 


1S29 " 


" 


1S.3S 


1833 " 


« 


1s;f7 


1S37 " 


" 


1S41 


1841 " 4th 


April, 


1841 



sion. In case of the disability of the Vice-president, the President of the Senate pro tempore 
takes his place. The offices of President and Vice-president have been occupied by the following 
gentlemen since the adoption of the constitution : 

PresiJenls. Vii-e presidenla. Terms of OEBce. 

1. George Wasliinglon John Adams 80th April, 1789, to 4th March, 1793 

2. Do. do Do. do 4th March, 1793, " " """'' 

3. .Tohn Ad,imfl Thomas Jefferson " 

4. Thomas Jefferson Aaron Burr " 

5. Do. do George Clinton " 

C. James Madison Do. do. (d. 20th Apr., 1S12) " 

". Do. do Elbr. Gerry (d. 23d Sovember, 1814) " 

8. James Monroe Daniel D. Tompkins " 

9. Do. do Do. do. " 

10. John Quincy Adams J(thn C. Calhoun " 

11. Andrew Jackson Do. do " 

12. Do. do Martin Van Buren " 

1.3. Martin Van Buren Richard M. Johnson " 

1A J ^^^ill'am Henry Harrison John Tyler " 

^*- I John Tyler (on the death of General Harrison) 4lh April, 1S41 " 4th March, 1845 

15. .lames K. Polk Georje M. Dallas 4th March, 1845 " " 1849 

-- J Zachary Taylor MiUard Fillmoro " 1849 " 9th .July, 1S.W 

■'^- / Mniard Fillmore (on the death of General Tavlor) 9th July, 1850 " 4th March, ls,i3 

17. Franklin Pierce Wm. Emus King (d. IS Ap., 1853) . 4th March, 1853 " " 1S57 

The administrative business of the nation is conducted by several officers, with the title of secre- 
taries, etc., who form what is termed the " Cabinet." These are the Secretary of State, the Secre- 
tai-y of War, the Secretary of the Navy, the Secretary of the Treasury, the Postmaster-general, 
the Secretary of the Interior, and the Attorney-general — the last being the ofBcial law authority 
for advisement in administrative affairs. Each of these presides over a separate Department. 

The " Department of State" was created by an act of Congress of the 15th of September, 1789 ; 
by a previous act of the 27th of July, 17S9, it was denominated the Department of Foreign Affairs. 
It embraced, until the establishment of the Department of the Interior in 1849, what in some other 
governments are styled the Department of Foreign Affairs and Home Department ; but the duties 
now being divided, it confines its operations almost entirely to foreign matters, and hence its original 
title might with propriety and convenience be restored. 

The Secretary of State conducts all treaties between the United States and foreign powers, and 
corresponds officially with the public ministers of the government at foreign courts, and with min- 
isters of foreign powers, resident in the United States. He is intrusted with the publication of all 
treaties with foreign powers, preserves the originals of all treaties and of the public correspondence 
growing out of international intercourse ; grants passports to American citizens visiting foreign 
states, etc. He has charge of the Great Seal of the United States, but can not affix it to any com- 
mission until signed by the President, nor to any instrument without authority of the President. 

Secretaries of State — Salary §6,000 per Annum. 



Thomas .Jefferson, Fu. .. 26 Sept., 1789 
EilinniidP,andul|>h.)'ii.. 2 J.in., 1794 
Timothy Pii-kerina, I'd.. 4 Feb., 1795 

John Marshall, i'li 13 May, 1800 

James Marbson. Va 5 Mar., 1801 

noberl Smith, J/rf 6 •' 1809 

James Monroe. Va 25 Nov., 1811 

J. Q, Adams, Masa 5 Mar., 1S17 



Henry Clav, Ki/ 8 Mar., 1S25 

M. Van Buren', jV.l'..... 6 " 1839 
F.d. P. Livinsslon, /,«... Is31 

Louis MLanc, Del Y Mar, 1S.33 

John For^ylh, liii 1S3 1 

D. Wcbsttr. J/./ss 5'Mar., I-HX 

II. S. Lejare, .KC. 9 .Mav, 1 s43 

A. P. Upshur, Va 24 Jutie, 1843 I 



John Nelson, Md 29 Feb., 1844 

J. C. Calhoun, S. 0. 6 Mar., 1844 

J. Buchanan, Prt 5 *' 1S45 

J. M. Clayton, Z)«l 6 " 1849 

D. Webster, J/iM« 20 July, 1850 

Eilward EvereU 18.52 

William L. Marcy, N. Y. 5 Mar., 1853 



This department has subject to it the Diplomatic Bureau, and the Consular Bureau. The United 
States are represented by Ministers Plenipotentiary at the Courts of Great Britain, France, Rus- 
sia, Prussia, Spain, Mexico, Central America, Brazil, and Chili; by Commissioners at the court of 
Pekin, China, and at the S,andwich Islands; by a Minister Resident at the Sublime Porte, and to 
the Swiss Confederation, and at other courts by Charges des Affaires ; and United States' Consuls 
are stationed at all the important commercial ports in the world. Foreign Ministers accredited to 
the government of the United States are, Envoj's E.xtraordinary and Ministers Plenipotentiary 
from Gre.at Britain, Russia, the Argentine Republic, France, Sp'>in, Chili, New Grenada, Brazil, 
Mexico, and Peru; Ministers Resident from Portugal, Prussia, and Belgium; and Charges des 
Affairs from Denmark, Austria, Holland, Sweden, Naples, Sardinia, Venezuela, and Nicaragua. 
Foreign Consuls from all commercial nations reside in the several Collection Districts of the Union 

The " Department of the Interior" was established by an act of Congress of the 30th of March, 
1849. The Secretary of the Interior is intrusted with the supervision and management of all 
matters connected with the public domain, Indian affairs, pensions, patents, public buildings, the 
census, the penitentiary of the District of Columbia, the expenditures of the Federal Judiciary, 
etc. Each of these interests is managed in a separate bureau or office, the immediate head of which 
is styled Commissioner, Superintendent, or Warden, as the case may be. 
10 



UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. 



Secretaries of the Interior — Salary SB, 000 per Annum. 

Thomas 11. Ewin"-, 07iio 6 Mar., 1S49 I T. M.T. M'Kunnon (ilcc.) 8 Aua., 1S50 I EuIiltI il-Cklland, J/<'.-'i., 5 Mar., 1353 
James A. Pearce (decrd) 20 July, 1850 | Alex. H. II. Sluarl, I u.. .10 Sept., li>60 | 

The " Department of the Treasury" was created by an act of Congress of the 2il of September, 
1789. The Secretary of the Treasury superintends all the fiscal concerns of the government, and 
upon his own responsibility recommends to Congress measures for improving tlie condition of the 
revenue. All public accounts are finally settled at this department ; and for this purpose it is 
divided into the office of the Secretary, who has the general superintendence, the offices of the two 
Controllers, the offices of the Six Auditors, the office of the Commissioner of Customs, the Treas- 
urer's office, the Registrar's office, the Solicitor's office, and the office of the Coast Survey. Assist- 
tant Treasurers' offices are also established at Boston, New York, Philadelphia, Charleston, New 
Orleans, and St. Louis. 

Secretaries of the Treasury — Salary §6,000 ^jcr Annum. 



Alex, naniillon, il' T. . .12 Sept., 1TS9 

Oliver Wolcoll, CI 4 Feb., ITHS 

Samuel Dexter, Miis.l... .31 ,Ian., 1SI)2 

Albert Gallatin, Pii 26 .lau., 1S02 

Geursie W. Campbell, Ct. 9 Feb., ISU 

Alt.\: J. Dallas, fti C Oct., ISU 

■\Vm. II. Crawford, Ga.. 6 Mar., 1S17 



Richard Kush, Pn 

Samuel D. lliirhiiin. /'(/. 

Lfiuia M'Laiii', />'/ 

AVilliam J. Duanc, Pa., 
Eo^er B. Taney, M<l. . . 
Levi Wai.dbury, A', i/.. 
Thomas Ewing, Ofno. . . 



T Mar., lsL>5 
6 •• 1S29 

1->:!1 
1^3.3 

1=33 

, 7 Mar., lS3o 

5 " 1S41 



TV alter Forward. P,/.. 
J. C Spencer. N. Y.. 
(Jeorge M. Bibb. A'v. . 
K.J. Walker, Mi^i... 
W. M. Meredith. P«.. 
Thus. Corwin, Ohio.. 
James Guthrie, Ky. . . 



13 Sept. 


15J1 


:i Mar.. 


1M3 


1.'. June 


1>14 


5 Mar. 


IS+T 


6 ■■ 


lh4S) 


2 1 Julv, 


1</,' 


6 Mar. 


lS5:i 



The " Department of War" was created by an act of Congress of the 7th of August, 1780, and at 
first embraced not only military, but also naval affairs. The Hecretary of War superintends every 
branch of military affairs, and has under his immediate direction the Adjutant-general's office, the 
Quartermaster-general's Bureau, the Paymaster's Bureau, the Subsistence Bureau, the Medical 
Bureau, the Engineer Bureau, the Topographical Bureau, the Ordnance Bureau, etc.; and the 
department has the superintendence of the erection of fortifications, of making public surveys, and 
other important services. 

Secretaries of War — Salary §6,000 per Annum. 



Ilenry Knox, Mam 12 Sept., 17S9 

Tin). Pickering. /•« 2 Jan., 1795 

JainesM-Henrv.J/;? 27 " 1796 

Saml. Dexter, Ma.'^s. 13 May, ISOO 

Kciaer Griswold, Ct 3 Feb., ISDl 

Henry Dearborn, J/««s. . 5 Mar., ISOl 
"William Eustis " -.7 " 
John Armstrong, N. T.. .13 .Tan., 

James Monroe, Vn 27 Sept,, 

Wm. H. Crawford, Ga... 2 Mar., 



1S09 
ISIS 
1S14 
1815 



Isaac Shelley, Kij 


.. 5 Mar. 


1S17 


J. C. Calhoun, S. (\... 


..16 Dec. 


1^17 


James Harbour, Vtl. . . 


.. 7 Mar. 


1*25 


Peter IS. Porter. 3". r... 


..26 May, 


ISiS 


J. H. Eaton, Tenii 


. . 9 Mar. 


ISil) 


Lewis Ca.ss. Mich. 




lS:il 


Joel R. Poinsett, & C. 


.. 7 " 


1S37 


John Bell, Teiiii 


.. 5 " 


1S41 


John M'Lean, Ohio... 


. .13 Sept. 


1S41 


J. C. Spencer, A^. Y. . . 


..12 Oct., 


1841 



James W. Porter, P.t. . 
Williain Wilkiiis. 7'./... 
Wm. L. Marry, A"; Y.... 
Geo. "W. Crawl'ord, Ga. 
Edm. Bates tdeclined) . 
Charles M. Conrati, La.. 
Jefferson Davis, J/(w.. . 



SMar., 1S43 
16 Feb., 1S44 

5 Mar., 1^45 

'• 1S19 
.20 July, l>5i 
. s Aug., 1S.50 

5 Mar., 1>53 



The " Department of the Navy" was created by an act of Congress of the 30th of .\pril, 1798. 
The Secretary of the A'avy issues all orders to the naval forces and superintends naval affairs gen- 
erally. Attached to the Department are — a Bureau of Docks and Navy Yards, a Bureau of 
Ordnance and Hydrography, a Bureau of Construction, Equipment, and Repairs, a Bureau of 
Provisions and Clothing, a Bureau of Medical and Surgical Instruments, etc. ; and the National 
Observatory at Washington is under the control of the Navy Department. The ministerial duties 
of these several Bureaux were formerly exercised by a Board of Navy Commissioners. 



Secretaries of the Navy — Salary §6,000 2":'' Annum. 



George Cabot, J/«.«. 3 May, 179S 

Benjamin Stoddard, M<>. 21 " 179S 

KoI.ert Smith. Mrt 26 Jan., 1S02 

J. Crowningsliield. Mass. 2 .Mar., ISi'S 
Paul Hamilton, & e. .... 7 " lSn9 

William Jones, Pit 12 .Tan., 1813 

B.W. Crownings'd, J/i'«<.19 Dec,. ISU 
Smith Thompson, Jf. y..80 Nov., 1818 



S. L. Southard, A". ,r. .... 9 Dec, 1S23 

John Branch, JV. ('. 9 Mar., 1SS9 

Levi Woodbury. X. If... 1S31 

Mahlon Dickeraon, y. J. 1^34 

J. K. Paldding. X. )'.... ..30 June. 1S.-;S 

G. P. Badger. N. c. 5 Mar., 1S41 

Abel V. Upshur. !'/( 13 S.pL. IvU 

David llensh.aw, jW(/ss...24.Iuly, 1843 



T. W. Gilmer, Va 

John T. Mason, V,i. ... 
George Bancroft. Ma^s. 

JcdinT. Mason.)'./ 

William B. Preston. H'. 
Wni. A. Graham, X. C. 
J. C. Dobbin, X. C. 



,1.1 Feb., 1S44 
,11 .Mar., 1S44 
,10 '• 1S45 
1S4G 
CMar., 1S4II 
.20 Julv, IWO 
. 6 Mar., 1853 



The " Department of the Post-office" was established under the authority of the Old Congress. 
The Postmaster-general has the chief direction of all postal arrangements with foreign states, as 
well as within the federal limits. The general business is man.aged by three Assistant Postmas- 
ters-general, who preside respectively over the Contract office, the Appointment office, and the 
Inspection, etc., offices. 

Postmasters- general — Salary §6,000 per Annum. 

William J. Barrv, A'y... 9 Jtar., 1S29 | Jacob Collamer, rt. 6 Mar., 1849 

Amos Kemlall, A'(/ 1 May, 1S35 j Nathan K. Hall, A^. )'...2oJune, 18.50 

John M. Niles, Ct. 25 " ISIO James Campbell, Tin?i.. 5 Mar., 1833 

Francis Granger. A', r... G Mar., H41 
Charles A.WicklilTe. Ayi3 Sept., 1S41 
Cave Johnson, Tenn. ... 5 Mar., 1845 I 

11 



Samuel Osgood. J)/.;,w.. .26 Sept., 1789 
Timolbv Pickering, Pa.. 7 Nov., 1791 
.loseph Habersham. C(l.. 2 .Jan., 179.5 

Gideon Granger. Ct. 17 Mar.. 1802 

Ueubcn.L Meigs. Wiio.. " 1814 
John M-Lean,"0/ii<) 9 Dec, 1623 



UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. 



The " Attorneys-general," who arc considered as forming a part of the Cabinet, and who are the 
constitutional advisers and defendants of the government, are generally men of the greatest acquire- 
ments in their profession. The gentlemen who have held this office are enumerated in the annex- 
ed list : 

Allorneys-general — Salary $4,000 per Annum. 



Edmund Kandolph,r(l..26 SepL, nS9 
William Bradforil, /U..27.Jan., 1794 

Cliarles Lee, Vit 10 Dec, 1795 

Levi Lincoln, Muss 5 Mar., isol 

Robert Smilli. ;1« 2 " 1S05 

John Breckenridge, K',i..1A Dec, 1S06 



Jnlin Y. Mason, Va 5 Mar., 1S4.') 

Nalhan Clifford 1S4T 

Isaac TouL-cy, Ct 184S 

Itevcrdy Johnson, J/t?... 6 Mar., 1849 

J. .1. Oritlendcn, Ky 20 July, 1S50 

Caleb CusUing, Mass.. . . 5 Mar., 1S53 



William Wirl, J/a 16 Dec, 1817 

John M'Ph. Berrien, Ga. 9 Mar., 1S29 

Koger B. Taney, JM. 1831 

BeT)j. F. Buller, JV. K . . . . 25 Dec, 1S35 

Felix Grundy, Temi 1 Sept., 1S3S 

Henry D. Gilpin, Pa.. ..11 J.m., 1840 
0:esar A. Rodney, i)rf...21 Jan., ISO" 1 John J. Crittenden, Ay.. 5 Mar., 1S41 
William Pinckney, J1/B..11 Dec, 1811 Hugh 8. LegarS. S. G. ..18 Sept., 1S41 
Eichard Rush, Pa 10 Feb., 1S14 ' John Nelson, Md. 1 July, 1843 

The judici.al powers of the United States are vested in a Supreme Court, and in such other infe- 
rior courts as Congress may from time to time establish. The present judicial establishment con- 
sists of a Supreme Court, Circuit Courts, and District Courts. 

The " Supreme Court," the highest judicial tribunal of the Union, is composed of a Chief-Justice 
and eight Associate Justices, the Attorney-general, a Reporter, and Clerk. This court is held in 
Washington, and has one session annually, commencing on the first Monday in December. 

The Supreme Court has exclusive jurisdiction in all controversies of a civil nature where a State 
is a party, except between a State and its citizens, and except, also, between a State and citizens 
of other States or aliens — in which latter case it has original but uot exclusive jurisdiction. It 
has exclusively all such jurisdiction of suits and proceedings .against .ambassadors or other public 
ministers, or their domestics or domestic servants, as a court of law can have or exercise consist- 
ently with the law of nations ; and original, but not exclusive jurisdiction of all suits brought by 
ambassadors or other public ministers, in which a consul or a vice-consul is a party. It has 
appellate jurisdiction from final decrees and judgments of the circuit courts in cases where the 
matter in dispute, exclusive of costs, exceeds the sum or value of 2,000 dollars, and from final 
decrees and judgments of the highest courts of the several States in certain cases. It has power to 
issue writs of prohibition to the District Courts, when proceeding as Courts of Admiralty and 
maritime jurisdiction; and writs of mandamus in cases warranted by the principles and usages of 
law to any courts appointed or persons holding office under the authority of the United States. 
The trial of issues in fact in the Supreme Court in all actions at law against citizens of the United 
States is by jury, 

A final judgment or decree in any suit, in the highest court of law or equity of a State in which 
a decision in the suit could be had, where is drawn in question the validity of a treaty or statute 
of, or any authority exercised under the United States, and the decision is ag.^inst their validity ; 
or where is drawn in question tlie validity of a statute of, or an authority exercised under any 
Jtate, on the ground of their being repugnant to the constitution, treaties, or laws of the United 
Jtatcs, .and the decision is in favor of their validity ; or where is drawn in question the construction 
of any clause of the constitution, or of a treaty or statute of, or commission held under the United 
States, and the decision is agjiinst the title, right, privilege, or exemption, specially set up or 
claimed by either party, under such clause of the constitution, treaty, statute, or commission, 
may be re-examined, and reversed or affirmed, in the Supreme Court of the United States, upon a 
writ of error, the citation being signed by the Chief Justice, or Judge, or Ch.anccllor of the court 
rendering or passing the judgment or decree complained of, or by a Justice of the Supreme Court 
of the United States, in the same manner, and under the same regulations, and the writ has the 
same effect, as if the judgm'ent or decree complained of had been rendered or passed in a Circuit 
Court ; and the proceeding upon the reversal is also the same, except that the Supreme Court, in- 
stead of remanding the cause for a final decision, may, at their discretion, if the cause shall have 
been once remanded before, proceed to a final decision of the same, and award execution. But no 
other error can be assigned or regarded as a ground of reversal in any such case, than such as 
appears on the face of the record, and immediately respect tlie before-mentioned questions of valid- 
ity or construction of the said constitution, treaties, statutes, commissions, or authorities, in 
dispute. 

Cliicf-Justiccs of the Stq^rcine Court — Salary 5?.5,OnO per Annum. 



.John Jav. N.Y. 2G SepL, 1789 

John Eutledee, S. C... 1 July, 17'.'.5 
William Cushiug, Mass. .27 Jan., 1796 



Oliver Ellsworth, Ct 4 Mar, 1706 I Roger B. Taney, J/(? 28 Dec, 1SS5 

John Jay. A^ Y. 19 Dee., Isiio 



John Marshall, Va 27 Jan., 18U1 | 

The " Circuit Courts" are held by a Justice of the Supreme Court assigned to the Circuit and by 
the Judge of the District in which the Court sits conjointly. The United States is divided into 
12 



UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. 



nine judiqial Circuits, in eacli of -wliioli a Court is lield twice a year. Tlie Circuits are as 
follows : 



VI. North Carolina, South C.irolin.i. and Georgia. 
VII. Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, and Michigan. 
VIII. K'-nluclcy, Tenn<--s3et', and Missouri. 
IX. Mississippi and Arliansas. 



I. Maine, N. TTanipshire, Massaehust^tt^i, and R. Island. 
II. Vi-rmont, Conntntii'Ut, and New York. 

III. Nt?\v .Jers'-v an<i Pennsylvania. 

IV. Delaware, Maryland, and Virginia. 
V. Alabama, Louisiana, and Kentucky, 

The States of Florida, Texas, Iowa, Wiscon.sin and C.^lifornia have not yet been attached to any 
circuit ; but the District Courts have the power of Circuit Courts. There is a local Circuit Court 
held in the District of Columbia by tliree judges specially appointed for that purpose. The Chief- 
Justice of that court sits also as District .Judge of that District. 

The Circuit Courts of the United States have original cognizance, concurrent with the courts of 
the several States, of all suits of a civil nature, at common law, or in equity, where the matter in 
dispute exceeds, exclusive of costs, the sum or value of 500 dollars, and the United States are 
plaintiffs or petitioners, or an alien is a party, or the suit is between a citizen of the State where 
the suit is brought and a citizen of another State. They have exclusive cognizance of all crimes 
and offenses cognizable under the authority of the United States (except where the laws of the 
United States otherwise direct), and concurrent jurisdiction with the District Courts of the crimes 
and offenses cognizable therein. But no person can be arrested in one district for trial in another, 
in any civil action, before a Circuit or District Court. No civil suit can be brought, before either 
of said courts, against an inhabitant of tlie United States, by any original process, in any other 
district than that whereof he is an inhabitant, or in which he shall be found at the time of serving 
the writ ; and no District or Circuit Court has cognizance of any suit to recover the contents of 
any promissory note, or other chose in action, in favor of an assignee, unless a suit might have 
been prosecuted in such court to recover the said contents, if no assignment had been made, ex- 
cept in cases of foreign bills of exchange. 

The Circuit Courts have appellate jurisdiction from final decrees and judgments of the District 
Courts, in all cases where the matter in dispute exceeds the sum or value of fifty dollars. They 
also have jurisdiction of certain cases, which may be removed into them before trial from the State 
courts. But no District Judge (sitting in the Circuit Court) can give a vote in any case of appeal, 
or error, from his own decision, but m.ay assign the reasons of such his decision. The trial of 
issues in fact in the Circuit Courts, in all suits, except those of equity and of admiralty and mar- 
itime jurisdiction, is by jury. 

The " District Courts" are held respectively by a district judge alone. Each State is one district 
for the purposes of holding District or Circuit Courts therein, with the exception of New York, 
Pennsylvania, Virginia, Georgia, Florida, Mississippi, Louisiana, Arkansas, and California, eacli 
of which is divided into two districts, and of Al.abama, Tennessee, ,and Iowa, each of which are 
divided into three districts. There are besides these, Territorial Courts, which are temporary, and 
lose that character whenever a Territory becomes a State. 

Each court has a clerk, a public attorney or prosecutor, and a marsh.al — .all of which .are ap- 
pointed by the President of the United States, with the exception of the clerks, who are appointed 
by the courts severally. 

The District Courts of the United States have, exclusively of the courts of the several States, 
cognizance of all crimes and offenses that are cognizable under the authority of the United States, 
committed within their respective districts, or upon the high seas, where no other punishment than 
whipping, not exceeding thirty stripes, a fine nut exceeding one hundred dollars, or a term of im- 
prisonment not exceeding six months, is to be inflicted, and also have exclusive original cognizance 
of all civil causes of admiralty and maritime jurisdiction, including all seizures under the laws of 
impost, navigation, or trade, of the United States, where the seizures are made on waters which 
are navigable from the sea by vessels of ten or more tons' burthen, within their respective dis- 
tricts, as W'll as upon the high seas, saving to suitors, in all cases, the right of a common-law 
remedy, whei'! the common law is competent to give it ; and also have exclusive original cognizance 
of all seizures oa land, or other waters than as aforesaid, made, and of all suits for penalties and 
forfeitures incurreJ, under the laws of the United States. And they also have cognizance, concur- 
rent with the courts if the several States, or their circuit courts, as the case may be, of all causes 
where an alien sues for a tort only in violation of the law of nations, or a treaty of the United States. 
They also have cognizance, concurrent as last mentioned, of all suits at common law, where the 
United States sue, and the matter in dispute amounts, exclusive of costs, to the sum or value of 
one hundred dollars They also have jurisdiction, exclusively of the courts of the several States, 
of all suits against consuls or vice-consuls, except for offenses above the description aforesaid. 

18 



UNITED STATES OP AMERICA. 



The trial of issues in fact, in tlie District Courts, in all causes, except civil causes of admiralty and 
maritime jurisdiction, is by jury. 

An act of the 18th of December, 1812, requires the district and territorial judges of the United 
States to reside -within the districts and terf itories, respectively, for which they are appointed ; 
and makes it uuL^wful for any judge, .appointed under the .authority of the United States, to exer- 
cise the profession or employment of counsel or attorney, or to be engaged in the practice of the 
law. And any person offending against the injunction or prohibition of this act. shall be deemed 
guilty of misdemeanor. 

Appeals are allowed from the District to the Circuit Courts in cases where the matter in dispute, 
exclusive of costs, exceeds the sum in value of $!iO, and from the Circuit Courts to the Supreme 
Court in cases where the matter in dispute exceeds the sum or value of §'2,000; and in some cases 
where the inconvenience of attemling a court by a justice of the fupreme Court is very great, the 
District Courts are invested with Circuit Court powers. 

The appointment of all judges of the United States is m.ade by the President, by and with the 
advice of the Senate; and the judges hold their several offices during good behavior, and can be 
removed only on impeacliraent. Their compensation is fixed by law, and can not be diminished 
during their period of oilice. 



GENERAL STATISTICS OF THE UNITED STATES. 



I. STATISTICS OF POPULATION, ETC., ETC. 

1. Statement of the Extent^ Population., Industry, and Wealth of each State and of the 
United States, on the \st June, 1850. 



States and Territoriee. 

Alabnma 

Arkansas 

California 

Coliiml)i:i Dietrict . 

Connecticut 

Dflawart' 

Fiorida 

Georgia 

Illinois 

Indiana 

Indian Ter. 

Iowa 

Kentucky 

Louisiana 

Maine 

Maryland 

MsL^aachuselts 

Michigan 

Minnesota Ter. . . . 

MissiJisippi 

Missouri 

Kehfiiska Ter 

New llarnvishiro .. 

New .TtTsi-y 

New Mexico Ter. . . 

New York 

North Carolina 

Nonh-West Ter. .. 

Ohio 

Oregon Tfr 

Pennsylvania 

Ehod.- Island 

South Carolina 

Tennessee 

Texas 

Utah Ter. 

Verinoiit 

Viriririia 

■W'a8hinst^>n Ter... 
"Wisconsin 

14 



Area in 




P.ipii 


itmn. 




Wliite 


Ci.(nre.(. 






Feraons. 


Free. 
2.293 


slave. 




6ft.T'>2 


426.4S6 


8W.-92 


771.671 


52,19S 


162.189 


60S 


47.100 


209.897 


1SS,9S1 


272..306 


83,2((1 


— 


8(18,607 


6(1 


88,027 


9.978 


8,687 


51,687 


4,6T4 


863,099 


7.C93 


— 


370.792 


2.130 


71.109 


18.((73 


2.290 


91.532 


59.2r.8 


47.211 


924 


39.309 


87.444 


5s, 01)11 


521.672 


2,931 


381,682 


906.1-5 


56.411,'i 


846.036 


6,435 


— 


.'•61.470 


83.MI9 
1S7.171 
6i',»14 


977.628 


10,788 


— 


988,416 


191.879 


3,36 





192,214 


.37,ri-ill 


761.417 


10,007 


210.981 


9S2.405 


46,431 


256.491 


17,462 


244,609 


517.702 


3(1.0110 


681.813 


1.356 


— 


683.169 


9.;«6 


417,94.-! 


74.723 


90,368 


683.084 


T.SiJd 


9S5.450 


9.064 


— 


994.514 


66.24;i 


896.(97 


2,567 


— 


397.654 


S:i,(l(«l 


6,038 


.39 


— 


6.077 


47.1. '.6 


295.715 


930 


309.S7S 


606.526 


67.3SII 


692.004 


2,61S 


87,422 


682.044 


136.71(0 


— 


~ 


— 





9,2,S0 


317.466 


620 





817.976 


8.320 


465.518 


23,82(( 


222 


489.665 


21((.744 


61.630 


17 


— 


61,647 


4(;,ii"i( 


3,n4S,3i5 


49,069 


— 


3.097..394 


45,000 


658.028 


27.463 


2SS.648 


869,039 


6S7,.';(;4 


— 


— 


— 


— 


39,964 


1,955,108 


2.i.S19 


— 


1.9S0.427 


841.463 


13.i 88 


206 


— 


18-294 


46,(10(1 


2,26~,463 


68.323 


— 


2.811.7-0 


1.360 


143.876 


8.C70 


— 


147.546 


24,500 


274,567 


8.956 


8S4.9S4 


668.507 


46.(;()0 


766.753 


6,401 


239,460 


1,002,614 


237.321 


154,034 


897 


68,161 


212,.592 


l'-7.923 


11.380 


24 


20 


H..3S0 


10,212 


S13.402 


718 


— 


814,120 


61,352 


894,800 


64,838 


472,628 


1,421,661 


68,924 


304,758 


6.33 


— 


.305.391 



Pfipiilat'l 

to sfjuan 

Miles. 



16.2 
4.0 

861.4 
79.8 
43.6 
1.4 
16.6 
163 
29.2 

8.7 
26.0 
11.0 
19.4 
62.3 
126.1 

7.0 

.0 

12.8 

10.1 

34.2 
lifl.O 
.2 
67.6 
19.3 

49.5 

.0 

50.2 

108.0 

27.2 

21,9 

.8 

.0 

80.0 

23.1 

.6.6 



Mantifac 
tabliili'ls 



1,022 

271 

427 
8,913 
513 
121 
1.407 
3,090 
4,826 

482 
8,471 
1.021 
3,682 
3.868 
9.087 
1.979 
6 

866 
8,030 

8,301 
4,374 

23.823 
2,523 

10,6.50 

61 

22,036 

1,144 

1,473 

2,7-9 

8cl 

16 

1,836 

4.433 



41.964 
17,768 

264 
22.445 
6.003 
4.304 
51.7.69 
76.208 
93,896 

14.806 
74,777 
18,422 
46,76'i 
21.860 
S-4.23"> 
84,089 
167 
83.960 
54,458 

29.229 
28.906 

170.021 
56.916 

143,887 

I.IP* 

127.JT7 

J.3S5 

29.969 

72.710 

12,198 

926 

29.657 

77,013 



Ceni»ii9 
Valuatiiin. 



$22S.2((4, 
.39.841 
22.161, 
14.018. 
155.707. 
21.062, 
22.862. 
864,425, 
150,265, 
202,050. 



.332 
.025 
,872 
,874 
,980 
,556 
270 
,714 
,006 
,264 



1.273 20,177 42,056,695 



28.714.633 
301.028.466 
2.3.3.998.704 
122.777..171 
219.217 364 
573.342,2S6 

59.787,255 

22S.95I.130 . 
137,247,707 

103.652'<35 

200,0(«l,000 

6..'f4.471 

1,08C.209.2I6 

i(£6,s00,472 

604,726.120 

.5.063.474 

722.456.120 

80.508.794 
288.257.094 
20l.246.6S6 

62,740,473 
986.083 

92.206,049 
480,701,082 



UNITED STATES OF AMEPvICA. 



2. Progressive Movement of Population. 

CotoreJ Persona. 



Census 
Years. 
1790 .... 
1300 . . . . 
1310 .... 
1320 . . . . 
1330 . . . . 
1S40 .... 
1350 . . . . 



-White 
Persons. 
.. 3.172.404. 
.. 4,304.439.. 
.. 5.862.004.. 
.. 7,366.569. 
..10,532,060.. 
..14,139,7(15., 
..19,630,738. 



Free. 
. 59.4116. 
.1118.395. 
.186,440., 
.233,.5'24. 
.819.699., 
.336,292. 
.423,661. 



Sl.ive. 

. 697,397.. 
. 69:Ul57.. 
.1,191,364.. 
.1,533,093.. 
.2,009,043.. 
.2,437,.356.. 
.3,204,US9.. 



Total I'(.p. 

. 3.929.,s-J7.. 
. 5,311.5.941.. 
. 7.-Ji9.SI4.. 
. 9,63^.191.. 
.12.3G0.n20.. 
.17,1109,443. 



UL.te. 



85.7. 
36 2. 
, 34.2. 
.33.9. 
84.7. 
.23,203,433 SS.3. 



82.2... 


.. 27.9... 


...35.00 


92.3... 


.. S3.4... 


...80.45 


2.5.2... 


.. 29.1... 


...83.12 


3G.S... 


.. 811.6... 


...33.48 


20.8... 


.. 2.-!.3... 


...3-2.07 


10.9... 


.. 23.8... 


. . .30.28 



PLioe of Origin. 

Maine 

^'ew Hampshire.. 

Vermont 

Massachusetts . . . 
Khode Island — 

Connecticut 

New York 

New Jersey 

Pennsylvania . . . , 

TJeluwarc 

Maryland 



Pop. 

584,310 
371,409 
R77.741 
894.S13 
Hn,941 
447,544 

2.093,414 
613,310 

2.200.727 
104,316 
525,398 



3. Origin of the Free Population of 1850 
A, — Native Population. 

Place of Origin, Pop. i Place ol Origin. Pop. 

Hist, or Columbia.. 32,236 i Tennessee 

Virginia l,20o,9s2 

North Carolina 339,"-25 

mill Carolina 44'<,030 



Go 

Florida 

Aluliama . 
Mi^sissij)])! 
Louisiana. 
Texas .... 
Arkansas. , 



52.'i.02ll 
2.i.297 
8211.930 
172.473 
lCll,2.i3 
61,041 



England 278.075 



Ireland . 
Scotland . . 

■Wales 

Germany . 
France . . . 

Spain 

Portugal . . 
Belgium.. 



961.719 

711.550 

29.308 

673,225 

54,1169 

8,113 

1,274 

1,318 



Holland 9,848 

Turkey 106 

luilv 8,615 

Austria 910 

Swilzerlund 1.3,358 

Russia 1,414 

Norway 12,678 

Denmark 1,833 



74,122 I Minnesout . . 
JB. — Foreign Population. 



.. 826,690 

K.iiUR-ky 859.407 

(lliio 1,514,335 

Michigan 153.067 

Indiana 683.117 

Illinois .389.6117 

Missouri 315,423 

Iowa 50.733 

Wisconsin 60.790 

California 6,693 

. . 1,334 



Place of Origin. Pop. 

Oregon 3.1 75 

Utah 1,331 

New Mexico 53,421 

Nalives of ilie Ter- 
ritories, but resid- 
ing in otiier parts 
of the Union 949 



Total. 



.17,737,578 



Sweden 3,,l59 

Prussia 10,549 

Sardinia 34 

Greece 86 

Cliiiia 758 

Asia 877 

Africa 551 

British America 147,711 



Mexico 

Central Anu*rlca .. 
Soulh America. . . . 

"West Indies 

Sandwich Islands . 
Other cnnntries . . . 



13..3I7 

141 

1.543 

5,772 

533 
8,214 



Total 2,210,339 



C— Origin Unknown. Total 39,164, 
Deaf ayid Dumb, Blind, Insane, and Idiotic, 1850. 
.4.— Absolute Number of each Class. 

Colore.! Persons. 



White Pel 



Deaf and Dumb 

Blind 4,619 

Insane 7,69' 



M,.le. Fein. 

5.027 4,053. 

8,473. 
.4.59. 



239. 
144. 



Idiotic S,270 5,954 234... 



Fern. 

. 66.. 
. 2,')5.. 
. 177.. 
. 202.. 



270. 
602. 
117. 
636. 



Fem. 
. 218.. 
. 649.. 
. 174.. 
. 455.. 



Aggregate of 
e.Kll Cla^fi. 

... 9.717 



15.703 
15,706 



i?.— Hallo of each Class ti) the aggregate Poputatitti. 

Colorei! Persons. 



■White Persnni 



Deaf and Dumb. 

Blind 

Insane 

Idiotic 



Total 
nunilier. 

9.091. 

7,997. 
16.156. 
14.-230. 



Ratio of H.atio 
one to p. c. 
. 2,161... 0.04. 
. 2,445... 0.04. 
. 1,290... 0.O7. 
. 1,374... 0.07. 



Numher. 
.. 143.. 
.. 494.. 
.. 321.. 
.. 4-30.. 



tine t<i 

8,032.. 

877.. 

1.8.50.. 

994.. 



, 0.03. 

, 0.11. 

. 0.01. 

. 0.10. 



Numlier 
,. 4,39. 

. 1,211. 
, . 291 . 
, . 1,040. 



6.552. 

2,045. 

11,010. 

8,080. 



0.01. 
0.03. 



9.728., 

9,702. 
15.763. 
15,7116. 



.386. 
.390. 
,470 . 
,476. 



P.O. 

0.04 
0.04 
0.116 
0.06 



Total 46,474 



1,067 



60,399 



420 0.22 1,394 811 0.32 3,031 

5. Pauperism, 1850. 

Number of p.aupers ■who received support ■witliin the year emling June 1.= I ll^-'O native Gt3,4.34, 
and foreign 08,538— total 134,972. 

Number of paupers who were receiving support on the 1st June, 18iiO ii.ttive 13,473, and 
foreign 13,437 — total 50,353. 

Total cost of pauper support within the year specified — $2,954,805. 

The following exhibit shows the number and cost of paupers to each of tin- States, within the 
year 1850 : 



states, 
Maine ... 
N. Uamp. 


Paupers. 

6.503. 

8.600. 

3.654. 
15.777. 

2,560. 

2,.3.37. 
69,3.W. 

2.392. 


Cost. 

$151,664 

157,3.51 

120.462 

892,715 

46.S87 

95,624 
817,336 

93,110 


States. Paupers. 

Penn 11,.551. 

Delaware . 697. 
Maryland . 4,494. 
Virginia .. 6,113. 
N.Carolina 1,931. 
S.Carolina 1,643. 
Georgia .. 1,036 
Florida... 70. 


Cost. 

$232,133 

17.730 

71,603 

151,7-22 

60,085 

43,337 

27,3311 

937 


states. 

Alabama.. 

Miss 

La 


Paupers. 

803.. 

260.. 

423.. 

T.. 

105.. 

1,005.. 

1,1-26.. 

2,513.. 


O.ist 

$17,569 

13,1.-13 

S-l,si'0 

453 

6,333 

i0.930 

■i7..543 

; 6,-250 


.Mieliigtin. 
Indiana .. 
Illillitis .. . 
.Missouri . . 

Iowa 

Wiaewisin 


Paupers. 
1,190.. 
1.132.. 

797.. 
2,977.. 

135.. 

666.. 


Cost. 

$27..556 

57,560 

45,213 


Mass 

Eh. Island 

Conn 

N. York . 
N. Jersey 


Texas ... 
Arkansas 
Tennessee 
Kentucky 
Ohio 


63.243 
5.X53 
14,743 



G. Criminal Statistics. 
Wliole number of persons convicted of crime within the year endki^ June 1 , 1850 — native 13,000, 
and foreign 14,000— tot.al 27,000. 

■VN'hole number in prison on the 1st June of the same year — ntttive 4,300, and foreign 2,460 — 
total 6,700. 

15 



UNITED STATES OP AMERICA. 



II.— STATISTICS OF RELIGION. 

1. Statistics of Churches. 



states. 


No. or 

C1.V 


Acrommo- 
dntiiin. 


Value or 01.. 
Property. 


Sutes. 


No. or 
Cli's. 


A^oinmo. 
BNlion. 


Value i,rcir. 
Property. 




851 

602 

664 

1,4.30 

221 

719 

4,084 

807 

8,609 

ISO 

909 

2,836 

1,678 

1,163 

1,723 

152 

1.285 


804.477 
283,892 
226.444 
682,903 
98,786 
805,249 

1,896,229 
844,9.38 

1,566,413 
66,741 
390,266 
834,691 
553,204 
453,930 
612.,392 
41,170 
888,605 


$1,712,1 52 
1,401,636 
1,213.126 

10.206.234 
1,262.900 
8,.554,894 

21,132,707 
3,540,436 

11,651,885 

840.345 

8,947,834 

2,849,176 

889,893 

2,140,346 

1,269,169 

166,400 

1,132,076 




910 

27S 

164 

1S6 

1.9.39 

1.818 

8,890 

862 

1,947 

1,167 

778 

14S 

244 

23 


275,979 

104,0,80 

54.495 

S9.9.30 

606.696 

672.0.38 

1,447.632 

118.S92 

689,330 

479.078 

241.139 

87.7.'.9 

78.455 

9.600 


754,542 


New Hampshire 




1,782,470 


Vermont 


Texas 


200.535 


Mttssiichusetts 




69,315 


Khiule Island 




1,208,876 
2.260,098 






New York 


Oliio . .. 


5,766.149 


New .Terscv 




723.200 


Pennsylvjinia 




1.612,435 


Delaware 


Illinois 


1,476,335 






1,553,690 


Virginia 




177,400 


Norih Carolina 




860,600 


South Carolina 




268,300 




Total 






86,011 


13,849,896 


86,416,639 


Alabama 









2 


. Statistics of Religious Denominations 








Denominationa. 


No. of 
Churclie.^ 


Accomtnoda. 
tioiis. 


Value of 
Property. 


Denominaliiins. 


No, of 
Cbunrlies. 


Accornmoda- 
lions. 


Value of : 
Properly. 


Baptist 


8.791 
812 

1,674 
824 

1,422 

361 

714 

827 

81 

1,203 

110 

12.467 


3,130,878 
296.060 
795,177 
181,936 
626,213 
1(18,005 
282,823 
156.932 

16.675 
631.100 

29,900 
4,209.333 


$10,931,332 

845,810 

7,973,902 

4,096,730 

11,261,970 

252.265 

1,709,867 

965,880 

871.600 

2,867.336 

94.245 

14,636.671 


Moravian 


331 

4,534 

1,112 

15 

52 

619 

243 

494 

825 


$112,184 

2,040,316 

620.660 

5,070 

85.075 

213.552 

137,367 

206,462 

116,347 


$44.3,347 






14.869.839 






8,978.838 
108,100 
46,025 










Free 1 ..» 


Union 


690,066 






8,268,122 






1,767,015 
741,930 




Minor Seets 




Total 






86,011 


18,849,896 


86,416,639 


Methodist ., 







N. B. The above tables do not include the ctiurch statistics of the District of Columbia and the Territories. 

III.— AGRICULTUKAL STATISTICS. 

1. A Statement shotcing the number of Acres of improved and unimproved Land, in Farms, the 

cash value thereof, and the average cash value per Acre, in each State and Territory. 



States and TerritorJes. 9 


Acres of im- 
proved land. 


Acres of unim 

pruved land in 

fiirms. 


Total. 


Ca-Iiral, oflaud 
impioved and 
unimproved. 


Aver.ige 
ca^If v:ililo 
per m re. 




2.0^9,596 
2.2,'J1,4S8 
2.(!<il,4(l9 
2,133.436 
356,4ST 
1,T03.173 
12.41)8.963 
1,767.991 
8,628.619 

2,797.905 

16.267 

10,360,135 

5,4r,3.977 

4,072.651 

6.37>i.479 

349.(149 

4,4-'15.fil4 

3,444,858 

1,590,025 

6:^9.107 

781,531 

5.175,173 

ll,36';.270 

9,S5I,493 

1,929,110 

5,046.M3 

5,039,515 

2,93S.425 

824,682 

1,045.499 

62.324 

5,035 

132.S57 

16.333 

166,201 


2,616,797 

1.140,926 

1,. 524.4 13 

1,222.576 

197.451 

61.5,701 

6,710,120 

934.956 

6,294.728 

375.282 

1,836,415 

11,187 

16.792,176 

15.643,010 

12,145.049 

16.442.900 

1.236.240 

7.702.067 

7.046.061 

8,939,018 

14.464.669 

1,816,634 

13,308.849 

10.972.478 

8,146.000 

2.454,730 

7.746.S79 

6.997.867 

6.794.245 

1.9n,.3.32 

1,931,159 

8,831,571 

23,846 

299,961 

80,516 

124.870 


4.6.55.898 

S.392,414 

4,125.822 

8,356.012 

653,988 

2,833,879 

19,119,088 

2,752,946 

14,923,347 

956,144 

4,634,350 

27.454 

26.1.52,811 

20,996,937 

16,217.700 

22,821.379 

1,635,289 

12,137,681 

10.490,419 

6.6'J9,048 

16.093,776 

2.693,215 

18.934.022 

22.3411,743 

17.997.493 

4.833,390 

12,793.422 

12,087,412 

9.782,670 

2.736,064 

2.976.65S 

8,893,395 

28.881 

4-32.808 

46.849 

290,571 


$54,861,748 

66.246.997 

63.867.227 

109,076,347 

17,070,802 

72,-26,422 

6.54,,546,642 

120,237,511 

407.876,099 

18,880.1131 

87.178,545 

1.780.460 

21 6.4< (1.441 

67,801.766 

82.4:31,634 

95.753.445 

6.323.109 

64,323,224 

64.738 6,34 

76,814,398 

16.S98.747 

16,2(i5,245 

97.851,212 

154..380.262 

858,763.603 

51,872.446 

186,385.173 

96.133.290 

63.225,.543 

16,657,567 

28.628.663 

8,874.041 

161,948 

2,849,170 

811,799 

1,653,952 


$12 (4 




16 23 




15 .SO 




82 50 


Rhode Island 


80 82 




80 ,50 




29 00 




43 67 




27 .38 




19 75 




IS 81 




63 0.3 




8 27 




8 23 




5 03 




4 19 


Florida 


S 99 




5 80 




6 22 




13 71 




1 09 




5 88 




5 16 




6 91 


Ohio 


19 98 




11 83 




10 66 




7 99 




6 50 




6 09 




9 63 




99 




6 61 




6 58 


Utah do 


6 65 




5 69 






Aggregate 


113,457,622 


184,621,848 


808,078,970 


8,270,733,093 


aT.10 79 



16 



UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. 



o^ 


Statement of th 


e Food 


Crops for the Year ending \st June, 1850. 




Slates anj 
Terr.L„rie9. 


Wle-at. 
bushels 








Barley, 

busliels. 




Rice, 
pouii,la. 


Peaa aoH 


Pclntoea. 


biislieb. 


busliels. 


t,u,l,el>. 


busiiels 


Bean,s, 
bu9b«1a 


Irisb, 


Sweut, 




















bushels. 


bushela. 


Maine ... 


296.259 


102,916 


1,750.056 


2.1 M, 0.37 


151,731 


104,,523 


_ 


205,541 


3,436.040 





New Hampshire. 


18.5,6.58 


183.117 


1,673,670 


973,:lsl 


70,256 


65 266 


— 


7(1,860 


4,304,919 


— 


Yermnni 


635,955 


176.233 


2.032,396 


2,:io7,7:!4 


42,1,51! 


2oa,sl9 


— 


104,649 


4,961,014 


— 


Massaeliiisi^lta . . 


31,211 


4S1.021 


2,345.190 


1,166,146 


112.3S5 


105. S96 


— 


43.709 


3,58.6.884 


— 


Khode Island. .. 


49 


26.409 


639,201 


215,232 


18,876 


1,246 


— 


6,846 


051,029 






41,762 


600.893 


1,9^.043 


l,2.is73'5 


19,099 


229,297 


— 


19,090 


2,689,725 


60 




1S,121,49> 


4.14~.lv2 


17,858.4110 


26.,5.52,-.IJ 


3,585,059 :!,lss,9,56 


. — 


741,636 


16,398,362 


5.623 


New .lersey 


1,001.1911 


1.2,5557-~ 


^,7.59 704 


3.:^7s,u6;J 


6.492I .s7s.a;U 


— 


14,174 


a,2o7,2;;6 


508.015 


Ponnsvlvania ... 


16,367.691 


4,805,160 


19.S36.214 


21,.'-.3sl,56 


165,6^4 2,193,692 


— 


65,281 


5,980,732 


62.172 




4,82,511 


8,066 


8.146,642 


601,518 


56 


s,615 


— . 


4,120 


240,542 


65,448 


Maryland 


4,494.i'i80 


226,014 


11.104,631 


2.242.151 


745 


103,671 


. — , 


12,816 


764,!):W 


208,993 


Dis. of Columbia. 


17.870 


6 50S 


65,2311 


S,l:J4 


76 


378 


— 


7,7,54 


28,292 


8,497 




11,282 616 
2,1.30,102 


458 931 
229,663 


85,254,319 
27,941,0.51 


10,179,045 
4.0,52,07s 


26,437 
2,7:» 


214,'9- 
16,704 


17.154 
5,465,868 


521,681 
1,584,2,52 


1,816,933 
620,318 


1,818.671 


North Carolina.. 


6.095.709 


South Carolina.. 


1,006,277 


43,791 


16.271,464 


2,:!22,156 


4,583 


283 


1.59,9:50,613 


1,026,900 


136,494 


4.337.469 


Georsia 


1,08^,5:^1 


63,75' 


30,080,1199 


8.820.044 


11,501 


250 


38,960,691 


1,142,011 


227,879 


6,986.428 




1,027 
294.044 


1,1.52 
17.261 


1.996,809 
28,754,048 


66,586 
2,966.697 


8,958 


55 
348 


1,076,090 
2,311,2,52 


185,.3,59 
892,701 


7,828 
246,001 


757.226 


Ahtbania 


6,475.204 


Mississippi 


187.991 


9.606 


22.446,6,52 


1,503,28^ 


229 


1,121 


2,719,856 


1,072,767 


201,482 


4.741.795 


Louisiana 


417 


475 


10.266.37:; 


89,637 


— 


3 


4,425,849 


161,732 


95,632 


1,428,4.53 




41,681 
199,6.39 


3,108 
8,047 


6,926,611 
8,893.939 


17,s,883 
6,56.183 


4,776 
177 


59 
175 


87,916 
63,179 


179,.332 

285,738 


93,548 
193,832 


1,323.170 




788,149 


Tennessee 


1,619,.3S1 


89,163 


,52,276,22:; 


7,708,086 


2,737 


19,427 


25S,a54 


369,321 


1, 007,84^ 


2,777,716 


KentQcky 


2,140,822 


415.073 


68.675.691 


8,2(11,311 


95,.34S 


16,097 


6,688 


202,674 


1.4;i2.,l,s7 


998,184 




14,487,351 
4,9'-'6.889 


42.5,718 
105.871 


59,1178 695 
5,641,420 


13 472,74i 

2.^66,(16( 


3,54.858 
75,249 


638,064 
472.917 


— 


60,16'; 


5,067 70( 


187,991 




74,2,'4 2.369.S97 


1,177 




6,214.4,5,' 


78.792 


52,964,3i;:J 


5.6.')5.01J 


45.483 


149,741 


— 


35,773 


2,(l'-3.3;!7 


201,711 




9,414 575 
2.9S1.6.W 


8:!.364 
44.268 


57,C46,9-i| 
86,214,.'i37 


10.087.241 
5.27,8.(179 


1111.795 
9.631 


IM.6114 
23.611 


70( 


82,814 
46,017 


2.5I4S61 
939,001 


157,433 


Missouri 


836,505 




l.,M0,5>il 
4,280.131 


19,916 
81.253 


8.6.50.799 
1,988.979 


1.524.345 
3,414,672 


25,093 
209.692 


62.616 

79,>i7s 


600 


4,775 
20.667 


276,121 
1,402.077 


6,243 


"Wisconsin 


879 


California 


17,328 


— 


12,236 


— 


9,712 


— 


— 


2,292 


9.292 


1,000 


Minn Territory. 


1.401 


135 


16,726 


8n„5S2 


1,216 


616 


— 


10.002 


21,145 


2U0 


Greg, >n Territory 


211.49> 


106 


2 918 


65.146 


— 


— 


— 


6,666 


91.32( 


— 


lUali Territory.. 


107.702 


210 


9,899 


10,90( 


1,79£ 


83i 


— 


2S9 


4:?,96^ 


00 


New Mex. Ter, . 


19C.M( 


— 


.",6'..411 


6 


6 


UK 


— 


15,688 


i 


— 


Atrcreeate. . . . 


1U0.503.V9' 


14 18< 63^ 


,^o» H-h\ CI 


1 46 6li7 ^"0 


5,167,016 


S,9,56,9K 


21.5.312.71( 


9,219,97." 


65.796.793 38,259.196 



3. Statement of TAve-Slock in the several States, for the year ending 1st June, 1850. 



states and Territories. 


Hor.es. 


As.es and 
mules. 


Milrhirriws. 


XVork.ug 
oxen. 


other cattle. 


Sheep, 


Swine. 


Vxiue <,r 

live,,t..,k. 




41.721 

84.233 

61.067 

42,216 

6,168 

26,879 

447.014 

63.9.56 

850.398 

13.853 

76.684 

824 

272.403 

14S,693 

97,171 

151,:!81 

10.848 

128,001 

11.5.460 

89,514 

75,419 

60,197 

270,636 

81.5.682 

463,397 

,58,506 

814.299 

207,053 

225,299 

88.536 

30.179 

21,719 

860 

8,046 

2,429 

5,079 


65 

19 

218 

84 

1 

49 

963 

4.0S9 

2,2,59 

791 

6.044 

67 

21.180 

26,269 

87.48:) 

87.379 

6.002 

69.895 

MM^ 

44,849 

12,864 

ll,6,-.9 

76,803 

66,609 

8,423 

70 

0.599 

1O573 

41,667 

754 

1,56 

1,000 

14 

420 

325 

8,6,54 


188.5.56 

94,277 

140.128 

130,099 

2-1,698 

85,461 

931,324 

118,730 

5311,224 

19,2+3 

S6,S59 

818 

817,610 

221,799 

193,244 

8:34.223 

72.876 

227,791 

214.231 

105,676 

214.768 

93,151 

2.50.460 

247,476 

6+1,499 

99,676 

284,.5,54 

294,671 

280,109 

+5,704 

64,339 

4,280 

607 

9,427 

4,861 

10,635 


a3.893 
69.027 
+8,577 
46,011 

8.189 

46 988 

178,909 

12,070 

61.527 

9.797 
84,185 
104 
89,513 
87,309 
211.,607 
78,280 

6,794 
66.961 
83.485 
54,908 
49,982 
34,239 
80.2.55 
62,074 
66,381 
68,;350 
40,221 
76,166 
112.168 
21,892 
42,801 

4,780 
655 

8.114 

6.206 
12,267 


125.890 
11+606 
1.54,143 

83,284 
9,375 

80,226 
767,406 

80,455 
562,196 

24,160 

98,595 
123 
669,1.37 
434,402 
663.935 
690.019 
182,415 
483,263 
436.254 
414.798 
636,805 
105..320 
414.061 
442.703 
749,067 
119.471 
889,891 
541,209 
449,173 

69,025 

76.293 

253,599 

740 

24,183 
2,489 

10,085 


451.677 

884.760 

1,014,122 

188.051 

44.296 

174,181 

3,453,241 

160,483 

1,822,357 

27,603 

177,902 

150 

1,310,004 

695.249 

2S6,^51 

560.485 

23,811 

871.880 

,304,929 

110,838 

99,098 

91,2,56 

811,591 

1,102,121 , 

8,948,929 

746,4,35 

1.122,498 

894,0+3 

762,511 

149,960 

124,892 

17,574 

80 

15,882 

3,262 

877,271 


54,598 

63,487 

66.296 

81,119 

19,609 

76,472 

1,018,252 

250,370 

1,(140,306 

60,201 

352,911 

1,0.36 

1.830.743 

I,8r2,sl3 

1.066.6(1:'. 

2,168,617 

2(19,453 

1.904.,540 

1,582,734 

597,801 

683,614 

830,727 

8,104,800 

2,861,168 

1,904,770 

206,847 

2.263,776 

1,916,910 

1.702,625 

323,247 

159.276 

2,770 

734 

80,2:35 

914 

7,314 


t9,7li5,720 




S,S71 901 




12,643.223 




9.647.71(1 


Kho,k* Island 


1.5:32.037 




7.407,490 


New York .- 


73,570,499 
10,079,291 




41,600.0.53 




1..349.281 




7,997.6.34 




71.048 




.53.050,669 




17,717,647 




15.(160.015 




25.728,410 




2.880,053 




21.690,112 




19,403,662 




11,1,52,275 




10,266,8,80 




0,647,969 




29,97,8,01s 




29,.591,8S7 




44,121,741 




8,008,7:34 




23.478,5,55 




24,20y,26S 




19.892,580 




8,6^9,275 




4,897,385 




8,851.058 




92.8,59 




1,870.189 


Utah TerriUiry .' 

New Mexico Territory 


,540.968 
1,494,629 


Aeeregate 


4.335..368 


6.59,229 


0.892.044 


1.699,241 


10,268„S66 


21,721.814 


80.316.608 


,543.960.420 



UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. 



8 



S 



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II 


CO -T C- = --H (- C: X ■.; L-' -r — ■! (- ^ 7' T - 1- -_ f — X' = 

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18 



UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. 



5. Slalcmenl of the Products of Animals for the year ending Ist June, 1850. 





\v.,.,l, 


Uiiller, 


Cli.-t.-e, 


Value nfrifi. 


States and 


W.,r.l. 


il.itter. 


("lieeBe, 


V,ilae of ani- 


TernloTJes. 


pounil9. 


I'oiinil;.. 


p„..,.J.. 


ni,iU8kmslit. 


lerriilonea. 


pounds. 


p„a„d,. 


p...ind.. 


mals slnn^lit. 


Mnine 


1.364,034 


9,343,811 


2,434.4.")4 


Sl.646.773 


Loaisiana 


109,^!I7 


6r:t.tl69 


1.957 


1,4.58 990 


N. Hampshire 


1,10S.476 


6.977,056 


3196.503 


1,552 873 


Texas 


131,374 


2,320..j5l 


94,619 


1,100.033 


Vermont 


3,400.717 


12.137981. 


8.720.834 


1,861 330 


.\rkans:i8 


lr2,o95 


1.8.54,239 


30,088 


1,162913 


Mfissachusetts 


855,136 


8,071,370 


7,088 142 


2,500,924 


i'ennessee .. . 


1,364,378 


8,139,585 


177.(«1 


6,401,765 


Rhode IslFind, 


129,0'J2 


993 670 


316, 5il^ 


667,486 


Ki?iitucky 


2,297,403 


9,887,52.3 


21.3.954 


6,402.598 




4y7.454 
10,071.301 


5,498,119 
79.706,091 








10,196,371 


34,449,37!! 


20.819,542 


7,439,-243 


Now York.... 


49,741413 


13 .573,983 


iMichisan 


2,043,2.83 


7,065,878 


1,011.492 


1,3-28,327 


New Jersey... 


375.3U6 


9,4f^7.21i. 


365,756 


2,63y,,"),')2 


Indiana 


2,610,287 


12,881,.533 


624.564 


6,,567,935 


PennsylvHiiis. 


4,481,570 


39,878,418 


2.50,5,034 


8,219.484 


Illinois 


2,150 113 


12 526,313 


1,27S.2;5 


4,972,286 


Delaware 


.57.768 


1,0.55.308 


3,187 


373,665 


Missouri 


1,627.104 


7,831,359 


203 572 


3,367,106 


Marylnnd 


480,226 


3,806.169 


3.975 


1,954,800 


lOWH 


373,898 


2,171,188 


209,810 


821,164 


Dist. of Colum. 


525 


14,87i 


1,.500 


9038 


Wisconsin . . . 


253,963 


3,633,750 


400,283 


9-20, 173 


Vircinia 


2,860,765 


11089,359 


436,298 


7,,5C3,006 


Cahlornia 


5,520 


705 


150 


100.173 


N. Carolina. .. 


!)70,738 


4,14fi,-J90 


9.5,921 


5 767,856 


iMmn. Ter 


85 


1,100 


— 


2,840 


S. Carolina . . . 


487,233 


2.981.850 


4,9711 


1,302,637 


Oreeon 'IVrr. . 


29.686 


211,464 


36.980 


164.5:19 


Georgia 


9110,019 


4,640„559 


46,976 


6,3:i9,7«2 


Utah Territory 


9,222 


83,309 


30,998 


67 985 


Florida 


23,247 


371,498 


18,015 


514,685 


NewMex.Ter. 


32,901 


111 


3.848 


82,1-25 


AlHba^na 

Misaiesippi ... 


6.57,118 
559,619 


4,008811 
4,346,234 


31,412 
21,191 


4 82;!,4a5 
3,630,582 












Affirrepate.. 


52.789.174 


313,266.962 


105,535,219 


109.485 7.5T 



6. Absolute and Relative Movement of Stock, Products^ etc.^ 1840 and 1850. 



Stock, products, etc. 

Horses , 

As«p3 and mules 

Milch cows 

M'orking oxea 

Olher cattle 

Sheep 

Swine 

"Wool 

"Wheat 

Eyo 

Indian corn 

Oats 

Biirley 

Buckwheat 

Kice 

Tobacco 

Cotton 

Susar — cane 

maj)lo 

Hemp — dew-roIteU . . . 

" water-rotted . . 

Flax 

Hay 

Hops 

Potatoes— Irish 

"■ 8weet 

■Wine 

Silk cocoons 

Value of h»nue-made 

manufactures 



18M. 


IKfi. 




Decennial Mi-vement. 


4,335,669 head . . . 


J 4,33,5,3.5S head* .. 
• • ■ 1 .5.59.229 •' * . . 
1 6.392,044 " 


■ ' ■ in-cr. 


668,913 head 


or 12.9 


14,!)71,^S6 " 


...J. ].699.'241 ■' 
( 10,'.'GS.\56 " 


. . V incr. 


3,338,555 " 


or 22.6 


19..31I,374 " 


... 21,721,814 " 


incr. 


2,410,440 " 


or 12.4 


26,.3II1,293 " 


... 80.8ia.60S " 


jiicr. 


4,013,315 " 


or 13.8 


85,802,114 pniinds . . . 


. . . 52,789,174 pounds . . 


iiicr. 


16,9S7,000 pounds 


or 47.4 


84.823,272 busheb . . . 


... 100,508.899 bushes . . 


nmr. 


16,680.627 bushels 


or 18.5 


18,645.507 " 


... 14.18S639 " 


. . deer. 


4,456,928 " 


or 28.9 


377.631,875 •• 


... 592,.320,612 '• 


incr. 


214,794,787 " 


or 56.9 


123 071.841 " 


... 140,507,s79 " 


tncr. 


23.496.633 " 


or 19.9 


4.161.504 " 


5.107,1116 " 


. . incr. 


1.006,512 " 


or 24.1 


7.291,743 " 


S.956.9IG " 


tucr. 


1.665,173 " 


or 22.8 


80,S41,422 pounds ... 


... 215.312,710 pounds .. 


■mcr. 


134,471,283 pounds or 166.3 


219,163,319 ■' 


. . . 199.732.046 •• 


cUc-r. 


19.410,673 " 


or 8.9 


790.479,275 " 


... 98T.449,0"0 " 


incr. 


196,970,825 " 


or 24.9 


155,110.509 *• 


( »4.249,ss6 " 

■ ■ • ■) 247,681.000 " 

i 8:i.294 tons 


■ ■ ^ incr. 
'■'■ ) 


136,720,077 " 


or Sl.G 


95,253 tons . . . 


..A 1.799 " 

( 7.T1. 5.961 pounds .. 


. . V deer. 


56,301 tons 


or 63.1 


10.24B.108 " 


13,88-,.579 tons 


mcr. 


8.590,471 " 


or 8,5,3 


1.238,502 pounds ... 


3.496.0-29 pounds . . 


incr. 


2,257.527 pounds 


or 182.3 


108,298,060 bushels . . . 


J 63,790,793 bushels . . 
■■•■) 38,2.59,190 - 


" y deer. 


4,242,071 bushels 


or 8.9 


124,754 gallons ... 


221.240 gallons .. 


incr. 


96,.506 gallons 


or 77.3 


01,652 pounds . . . 


10.843 pounds . . 


deer. 


60,709 pounds or 83.3 


29,023,.3S0 dollars ... 


. ..] 27,461,399 dollars .. 


. . I deer. 


1,541,981 dollars 


or 5.3 



IV. STATISTICS OP MANUFACTUEE8. 
1. General Stalislirs. 



The entire capital inTesteJ in the variou.s m.anufactures in the United States on the 
1st June, 1850 — not including any establishments producing less than the annual 

value of .«-500— amounted in round numbers to $:.530,000,000 

Value of raw material, fuel, etc., used during the preceding year $550,000,000 

Number of persons employed " " 1,050.000 

Aggregate cost of labor " " 9'2-}0,000,000 

Value of articles consumed " " $1,020,300,000 

The total capital invested in manufactures in 18-10, was $267,726,579, and hence the manufac- 
turing capital of the Union has duplicated in the succeeding decade. 

* In the eensus of 1350, all horses, asses, and mules in cities are omitted, and those only or mainly emj)loyed in Rg& 
ctillure enumerated. 

19 



UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. 



2. Statistics of the Principal Manufactures. 



Maine 

New Hampshire 

Vermont 

Massachusetts 

Khode Island 

Connecticut 

New Yorit 

New Jersey 

Pennsylvania 

Delaware 

Maryland 

Virginia 

North Carolina 

South Carolina 

Georgia 

Florida 

Alabama 

Mississippi 

Louisiana 

Texas 

Arkansas 

Tennessee 

Kentucky 

Ohio 

Michigan 

Indiana 

Illinois 

Missouri 

Iowa 

Wisconsin 

California 

District of Columbia . 



Total. 



COTTON GOODS. 



12 

44 

9 

213 

1.58 

128 

80 

21 

208 

12 

24 

27 

28 

18 

.•iS 

12 
2 



$3,329,700 

10.950.000 

S0-.',500 

38,435,630 

6,675,000 

4,219,100 

4,176,920 

1,483.500 

4,528.925 

460,100 

2.2:!6.000 

1,908,900 

1,058,800 

857,20(1 

1,736,156 

80.001' 

651.90U 

38,000 



16.500 
669,600 
239,000 
297,000 

43,000 

102.000 






»1,573,1U) 

4,839,429 

114,415 

11,289,3091 

3,484,579, 

2,500,00: 

l,98.j,973 

666.645 

3,152.530 

312,068 

1,165,579 

898,375 

531,903 

895,971 

900,419 

30,000 

237,081 

21.500 



207,500 
180,90' 
237,060 

28,220 

86,446 



34 835.0.56 



3,739 $2, 
12,122i 8, 

241 
28,730 19, 
10.875 6, 
0.186 4, 
6,320 3, 
1.712 1, 
7,663 5 

838 

3,022 2, 

2,953 1. 

1,619 

1,019 

2,272 2, 

95 

715 

36 



31 
891 
402 
401 

95 

155 



,596,356 
,830,619 
196,100 
,712,461 
,447,120 
.957,522 
,591.989 
,109.524 
,322,269 
538,439 
120,504 
,486,384 
831,.342 
748.338 
,135,044 

49,920 
382,260 

30,500 



16 637 
.510,624 
273,439 
394,700 

44,200 

142,900 



100,000 



WOOLEN GOODS. 



36 $467.60(1 

61 2,437.701) 

72 886,300 

119 9,089.342 



45 

149 

249 

41 

380 

8 

38 

191 

1 



4 

25 

130 

15 

33 

16 

1 

1 

9 



1.013,000 

3,773,950 

4,4.';9,370 

494,974 

3,005,064 

148,500 

244000 

392,640 

18,000 

68,000 



8,000 

10,900 
249,890 
870,220 
94,000 
171.543 
154.500 
20.000 
lo.OOO 
31,293 

700 



1,55998.118,630 



$493,940 

1,967.399 

830,684 

8,67I,b~l 

1,463,900 

3,325,709 

3,838,292 

548,367 

3,282,718 

204,179 

165,568 

488,899 

13,950 

30,399 



10,000 

1,673 

205,287 

578,493 

43,409 

120,486 

115,36' 

16.1100 

3..500 

39,630 

1,630 



93,753,988 



694 
2127 
1,393 
11.130 
1.758 
3,488 
6.674 

808 
5.79C 

140 

36; 

668 
30 



17 

318 

1,201 

199 

246 

178 

23 

7 

23 



39,232 



$ 753,300 

9.197,745 

1,579.161 

12.770,505 

2.381,825 

6,465,216 

7,030,604 

1,164,446 

5,391,866 

231,010 

295,140 

841,013 

23,750 

68,750 



15,000 

6,310 

318,819 

1,111.027 

90,242 

205.802 

206,572 

56,000 

13,000 

87,999 

2,400 



MALT AND SPIEITUOUS LKJUOES. 



Quantities and kinOs of graiu, etc., consumed. 



'i^heb of 
barley 



Dushels of Bushela or BuaheU 
turn. rye. of oals. 



,1ivls Hhda.uf 
ot apples, mola'a. 



hop* 



Quantities of liquor produced. 



Barrels of 
ale etc 



Gallona of 
ky anj 
liigli wines. 



Maine 

Vermont 

Massachusetts 

Rhode Island 

Connt'cticut 

N,w York 

New Jersey 

Penneylvania 

Maryland 

VirL'inia 

North Carolina 

South Carolina 

Georgia 

Alaltama 

Louisinna 

Kentucky 

Tennessee 

Missouri 

Ohio 

Indiana 

Illinois 

Michigan 

Iowa 

Wisconsin 

New Mexico Tt^r . 
Utah T.vrit'iry . . 
Dist. of Columbia 



$17,000 

7,000 

457,500 

17 0011 

15,300 

2,585.900 

409,6.55 

1,719,960 

247,100 

100,915 

21.930 

3.4 

7,150 

500 

8.300 

168.895 

66.123 

298.900 

1 262.974 

334,9.50 

3(13,400 

139,4 

19,500 

98.700 

7300 

3.000 

12,000 



2,500 
80,000 
12,300 

,06-.'.250 

103.700 

550,105 

76.900 

20,000 



10.000 
63,650 
3,000 
124,440 
330,950 
118,150 
98,000 
32,030 

91,090 

1,000 
5,000 



19,400 

20,000 

1,647,966 

954,000, 

1,483,555, 

16,lM00 

2.50,700' 

64,650 

18,100' 

20,150, 



551,3,50; 

258,400 

309.900 

3,588,140 

1,417,990, 

703.,500: 

212,300 

51.150 

29.9'I0 

8,000 



26.600 — 

20,000 — 

990,067 6,707 

58,4(I0' - 
517,180 24,790 

54.300 460 

69.680 450 
4.700 - 

o.lOO 1,500 



30,520 — 

5,480 — 

24,1100 — 

281,750 19 300' 

48,700 1,000 

48,700 2,200 

19,150 - 

7,900 - 

9,900 - 

12,900 - 



— : 2,000 

— 55,130 

zl-„ 

60,940 24,500 
409,700 - 
51,200 10 



.';,000 



1 

29 

6 

2 

581 
42 

863 
25 
14 



10 
18 

31 

178 
18 
30 
16 

28 



131 

9 

20 

1,380 

197 

911 

126 

123 

73 

33 

15 



074 

1,59 

179 

1,033 

287 

274 

98 

19 

98 

21 

3 

5 



- I 

800, 

23,800 

3,900' 

644,700 9, 
34,750 1 

189,58i; 6, 

26,380' 

5,500 



120,000 3,786,000 



3,000 
19,500' 1 

44,85o| 
96,94311 
11,005 4 
27,995' 2 
10,320| 

31,320 

300 
1,350 



130,000 
931,700 
,230.530 
5)8,810 
787.400 
879.440 
133.030 
■f3,900 
60,450 



,491,745 
6.57.000 
939.400 
,8n5,150 
,639.900 
,315,000 
690,900 
160,600 
127.000 
42,000 



1.900 
9,488,800 



Total .|3,a)4,234 3,787.195 11,067.671 2,143,927 .56,517 526.840 61,675 1, 994 5,487 1.177.994 42.133,9556.500.500 

20 



UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. 



Statistics of the Principal Manvfactures — (continued). 





PIG IRON. 


CAST IP.ON. 


WEouGirr IP.ON. 


STATES. 




S 


2| 

> = 


|.5 
> 






\i 


E 


- a. 


1 % 

C \ > B 


Jj 

~ Q. 




1 
1 
s 

6 

13 

IS 
10 
ISO 

IS 
29 
2 

8 

3 

23 
21 
85 
1 
2 
2 
5 

1 


$214,000 

2.001 

62.600 

469,000 

225,600 

605,000 

967.000 

8,670,425 

1,420.000 
618,801 
25,000 

26,000 

11,000 

1,021.400 

924,700 

1,503,000 

16,000 

72,000 

C5,0il0 

619,000 

15,000 


$14,939 

4.900 

40.175 

185,741 

289.225 

321.02T 

8.32,707 

3,732,427 

560,725 
153,307 
27,900 

25,S40 

6,770 

254,900 
260,162 
630,037 
14.000 
24.400 
15.500 
97,867 

8,250 


$36,616 

6.000 
68,000 
295.123 

415.600 

697,920 

500,544 

6,071,513 

1,056,400 

621,924 

12,600 

57,300 

22.500 

676,100 
604,037 
1,255,850 
21.000 
68.000 
7fl.200 
814,600 

27,M0 


25 
26 
26 
68 
20 
60 
823 
46 
320 
13 
16 
54 
5 
6 
4 

10 

8 
8 
2 

16 

20 

183 

63 

14 

29 

6 

8 

15 

1 

2 


$1.50,10f 
232,700 
200.720 

1,499,050 
42s,sotl 
580,800 

4,622,482 
,593.250 

3.422,924 
873.500 
S.59,100 
471,160 
11,600 
186,700 
86,000 

216.625 

100,000 

255.00" 

16,000 

1S9,.500 

502,20ii 

2,0G:i,660 

195,450 

82,900 

20O.400 

18T.O00 

6.500 

116,350 

6,000 

14,000 


$112 670 *9fi-, ono 


2 

8 

6 

1 

IS 

60 

63 

181 

2 

17 

89 

19 

3 

1 

42 
4 
11 

8 

2 






New Ilanipsbire 

Vermont 

Ma^SNCIiusetls .. 
Khoiie Island . . 

Connecticut 

New Yiirlv 

New .Jersey 

Pennsylvania. .. 

Delaware 

Maryland 

Virginia 

North Carolina . 
South Carolina . 

Georgia 

Flori.la 

Alabama 

Mississippi 

Louisiana 

Te.\.as 

Arkansas 

Tennessee 

Kentucky 

Ohio 

Michigan 

Iniiiana 


177,000 

160.603 

1.057.9114 

258.267 

,361.3fl9 

2,393.768 

301.048 

2.372.407 

153,8.52 

259.190 

297,014 

8,341 

29,128 

11,950 

102,085 

50,370 

75.800 

8,400 

90,0.35 

296.533 

1,199.790 

91.865 

60,918 

172.330 

133.114 

2.524 

86,930 

8.6:!0 

18,100 


371,710 

460.831 

2.235.635 

728.705 

931.400 

5,921.980 

6S6,4:!0 

8..364.SS1 

267.462 

685.000 

674.416 

12.807 

87.6S3 

46,200 

271,120 
117,400 
312.500 
56,000 

2M,825 

744.316 

S,069..35O 

279,007 

149,130 

441,185 

836.495 

8.500 

216.195 

29.740 

41,696, 


$4,000 

62.700 

610.301 

208.000 

629.500 

1,181,300 

1,016.84:? 

7,620,066 

16.000 

780,650 

791,211 

103,000 

9,200 

2,600 

755,050 
176,000 
620,800 

17,000 

42,100 


$5,600 

66.194 
221,194 
111,750 
358.780 
838,314 
.320.9,50 
5,48S,391 

19,500 
489,511 
691,44s 

28,114 

6,956 
8,000 

835,616 
180,800 
604,493 

4,425 

24,609 


$10,400 
163,9S6 
42S.320 
222.400 
667.660 

1,428,968 
629.273 

8,902,907 
65,090 
771,4.31 

1,264,995 
66,980 

16,384 

7,500 

670,618 

299,700 

1,076,19* 

11,760 


Missouri 

Iowa 

Wisconsin 

California 

D. of Columbia. 


63,700 


Total 


377 


17,346,425 


7,005,289 


12,748,777 


1,891 


17.416,361 


I0,346,3,^5 25.108,1,55, 


422 


1 4,496,220l9,698,l 09!l 6,747,074 



V. INTEP.NAL IMPP.OVEMENTS.— EAILKOADS, ETC. 

In no other particular can the prosperity of a country be more strikingly manifested than by the 
perfection of its roads and other means of internal communication. The system of railrotids, ca- 
nals, plank-roads, post-routes, river navigation, and telegraphs possessed by the United States, 
presents an indication of its .advancement in power and civilization more wonderful than any other 
feature of its progress. In truth, the country in this respect occupies the first place among the 
nations of the world. 

The primary design of nearly all the great lines of railway in the United States has been to con- 
nect the sea-coast with the distant interior ; to effect which object it was necessary to cross the 
AUeghanies, which intersect every line of travel diverging to the West from the great commercial 
cities of the sea-board. 

The following are some of the vast enterprises which have been undertaken to accomplish this 
great purpose, which h.ave either been finished or are in such a state of progress as leaves no doubt 
of their being brought to a successful issue within a few years : 

First. The railroads connecting Portland, the commercial capital of Maine, with the British 
provinces, and through their public works, the .St. Lawrence lliver and the lakes, with the West- 
ern States of the Union. 

Secojid. The railroads from Boston westward, connecting at Albany with the ro.ads of Central 
New York, and, by the more northern route, traversing New Hampsliire and Vermont, continuing 
toward the West by the Ogdensburg Kailro.td, and bringing Jlontreal, the chief commercial city 
of Upper Canada, into communication with the capital of New England. 

T/iiril. The New York and Erie Railroad, extending from New York city to Lake Erie, and 
intended to form a part of a continuous line from the Hudson to the Mississippi — a project likely 
to be effected within the ensuing ten years. 

Fourth. The Pennsylvania Central P.ailro.ad, from Phil.adelphia to Pittsburg, with numerous 
diverging branches, to points north and south of the general direction. This great route will 
reach St. Louis by a nearly due west course through Ohio, Indiana, and Illinois. The Pennsyl- 
Tivnia section will be completed about the end of 1853. 

21 



UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. 



Fifth. The Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, one of the most magnificent works of the day, 
passes from Baltimore, through Maryland and Virginia, to Wheeling, on the Ohio. At the latter 
point it will form a connection with the system of roads traversing the West and North-west. 

.Sij-rt. The roads proposed to be constructed under authority of Virginia, and already com- 
menced, intended to establish communication between tide-water and the interior, and south- 
western parts of that State, and to continue the same through Tennessee to the Mississippi. 

Seuenth. The several lines of railroad from Charleston and Savannah, penetrating South Caro- 
lina and Georgia, concentrating in north-eastern Alabama, and reaching the level region of the 
Mississippi by the valley of the Tennessee River. These roads, by their western continuation, 
will intersect lines running to every important point between the mountains and the Mississippi 
River. 

Eighth. The Mobile and Ohio Railroad, from the Mexican gulf to the mouth of the Ohio, and 
the Illinois Central Railroad to the lakes, a distance in a str.aight line of about 1,100 miles. 

It will be seen at a glance that the leading idea in all these vast enterprises was to overcome the 
barrier presented by this ch.ain of mountains, to a direct and unrestricted intercourse between the 
sea-board and the West, and to supply the want of those natural channels of commerce, navigable 
rivers, extending into the section we desire to reach. The enormous aggregate of expense of the 
numerous works specified above, undertaken with this one object, and their importance as public 
improvements, may be estimated from the following brief notice of the New York and Erie Rail- 
road, which occupies the third place in our preceding enumeration : The longest continuous line 
of railroad in the world, and that in the construction of which the greatest natural obstacles have 
been overcome, is that which extends from the Hudson River, through the southern counties of 
New York, to Lake Erie. Its length is 409 miles, and it has branches of an additional length of 
68 miles. Nearly its whole course is through a region of mountains. The bridges by which it is 
carried over the Delaware and Susquehanna rivers, and other streams, and the viaducts upon 
which it crosses the valleys that intercept its route, are among the noblest monuments of power 
and skill to be found in our country. The most of these works are of heavy masonry ; but one of 
them is a wooden bridge, 187 feet in height, with one arch, the span of which is 275 feet. One of 
the viaducts is 1,200 feet long, and 110 feet high. The aggregate cost of this important work was 
$'23,580,000, and the expense of construction was .$42,333 per mile. 

The following table presents, in a convenient form, some of the principal facts connected with 
railroads in the United States on the 1st January, 1852 and 1853. 





Miles of rail- 


MilMofrnil- 




Slates, etc 


road com- 


road in course 


Totaf. 




pleted. 


orcuit.Htrui'Iiiin. 




Maine 


.. 815 


127 


.... 442 


New Hampshire 
Vermont 


, 4S9 


47 


680 


.. sso 


69 


.... 4.<!9 




..1,0S9 


67 


....1.156 


Ehode Island... 


.. 50 


82 


.... 82 


Connectu'ut 


.. 547 


2C1 


.... SOS 


New York 


..1,826 


745 


....2,571 


New Jersey 


.. 226 


Ill 


.... 837 




..1,1-46 


774 


....1,920 




.. 45 


11 

125 


.... 66 


Mar\I.ind 


.. 3T6 


.... 501 


Virginia 


.. 4TS 


..... S18 


....1,296 


Nitrih Carolina.. 


,. 249 


885 


.... 634 




.. 840 


2a8 


.... 688 




.. 764 


229 


.... 988 










Alabama 


.. 131 


190 


.... 811 


Mississippi 

Louisiana 


93 


. .. 273 


366 


63 




.. 68 


'. 112.'."."!." 


W 

748 


... 82 


Tennessee 


.... 860 




. 93 


414 


... 507 


Ohio 


. 82S 


. ...I,sa2 


....2,720 




.. 427 


,. — 


.... 427 




.. GOO 


915 


....1,.M5 


Illinois 


. 176 


1,409 


...1.536 




'. 20 ".'.'. ".*.*. 


515 

421 


... 615 


■Wisconsin 


...441 



10,893 



21,741 



is.'il 

St.ites. 240. nf miles in No. of ir.ilea 

opera'.lon. prngreBS. 

Maine 894 111.. 

New Hampshire.. 500 42. . 

Vermiint 427 — .. 

Massjicluiselta 1,140 66. ., 

Khoilc lalaud 60 82.. 

Connecticut 627 198.. 

New York 2,123 924... 

New.Tcrsey 254 85... 

Pennsylvania 1,244 908. . . 

Delaware 16 11... 

Maryland 521 

Virginia 624 

Nnrth Carolina... 249 

Soulh Carolina 599, 

Georgia 857 

Florida 23 



Total. 

. 605 
,. 542 
. 427 
.1,206 
. 82 
. 825 
.8,047 



Alabama 286 728. 

Mississippi 96 875. 

Louisiana 68 200. 

Texas 82 — . 

Tennessee 185 509. 

Kentucky 94 661. 

Ohio 1 .885 1.755 . , 

Indiana 756 979.. 

Michigan 427 — .. 

. I llinois 296 1,772 . . 

Missouri — ., 515.. 

Wisconsin 50 470.. 



2,147 
27 

— 521 

610 1,284 

248 497 

296 895 

691 1,543 

23 



.. 964 
.. 970 
.. 263 
.. 32 
,. 694 
,. 755 
.3.141) 
.1,7-34 
. 437 
.2,063 
. 615 
. 520 



Total. 



.18,266 12,681. 



.25,947 



Measures are in progress for establishing railroads in California, with the object of connecting 
San Francisco with some of the principal towns of the State ; and no doubt, ere the lapse of many 
years, that important division of the Union will be in possession of as large a proportion of these 
facilities for travel and business as her population and resources require. 



S2 



UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. 



From the brief sketch of American railroads should not be excluded some mention of several 
projects which are not only closely connected with the interests of the United States, but possess 
something of national importance. The first of these, in point of vastness of design, is the enter- 
prise of building a railroad from the Mississippi Kiver to the Pacific Ocean. The routes proposed 
in this great work are almost as numerous as the persons wlio claim the merit of having first sug- 
gested and brought forward the sclieme of thus completing the chain of railroad connection betweea 
the Atlantic and Pacific coasts of the Union. No scientific survey of any route west of the fron- 
tier of Missouri has been made, but it is not probable that any could be found that would bring 
the line of travel between the Mississippi and the ocean within the limit of 1,000 mil^s 

The natural obstacles to be overcome are the Rocky Mountains and the Sierra Nevada, the 
deserts between the Missouri and the former chain, and those of the great basin, the flying sands, 
and the want of timber. Further explorations may lead to the discovery of means to overcome 
these diiSculties. Should the cost not exceed the average of Western roads, it would form no ob- 
jection to the enterprise, since it would be only about .'1*32,000,000, or only twenty-five per cent, 
more than has been expended upon the Erie Kailroad — less than fifty per cent, greater than the 
aggregate expenditure upon the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, and not two-thirds of that incurred 
by the State of Massachusetts on her railroads. The only question, then, affecting the probabil- 
ity of the construction of the Pacific Railroad is that of practicability. 

This can only be determined by thorough surveys of some or all of the routes proposed, from 
the valley of the Rio Grande, the Arkansas, the Missouri, and the Upper Mississippi. If this 
road were completed, and the route continued westward by steamship to Calcutta, it would reduce 
the time required for the circuit of the globe, by the American overland route, to 93 days, as 
follows : from New York to San Francisco, 4 d.ays ; to Hong-Kong, 2.5 days ; to Calcutta, G days ; 
to Bombay, 13 days ; to England, 35 days ; to New York, 10 days. Total, 03 days. 

Another project for connecting, by the means of cheap and rapid conveyance, the two coasts of 
our confederacy, which deserves, as it has received, very great attention, is the proposition to 
build a railroad across the Isthmus of Tehuantepeo, in Mexico. Its feasibility is established. 
jThe length of the road, according to the report of the surveyors, will be 166 miles from sea to 
sea ; but only about 80 miles from the head of navigable water on either side. 

The cost of the road, with all the necessary equipments, station-houses, etc., is estimated at 
$7,848,000. The time expected to be required for its construction is three years. With this 
connecting link of communication completed, the voyage from New Orleans to San Francisco will 
be performed in eight or nine days. 

For the purpose of comparison, the subjoined statement has been prepared, showing the number 
of miles of railroads, with their costs, according to the most generally received authorities in all 
the countries of Europe in which those improvements have been introduced : 



COUNTRIES. 


Miles. 


Aggregate cobI. 


Cost p. milak 




6.S90 
5,332 
1,013 

2110 
170 


$1,213,000,000 
325.^7o,nOO 

2o'<,9i 15,000 
4*3.2sS,i'UO 
lf>.(iiiil.iit)0 
15,000.111111 


$177,000 
fil.OOO 






Belsium 


49 000 


Kussia .... 


75 1 lOO 


Italy 


Ss OOO 








14,1-12 


1.359.06S,UOU 


131,300 



By these statistics it is made to appear that the average cost of European railroads was $'131,300 
per mile. The average cost of American railroads completed previous to the commencement of the 
present year was $34,307 per mile. The excess of expenditure, therefore, in the construction of 
European roads over those in the United States, is §95,0'J3 per mile, or about 280 per cent. ; but 
it may be remarked that the average cost of construction in the United States of all the roads does 
not exceed .^27,300 per mile ; so that the actual excess is .'$103,000 per mile. 

The foregoing statements develop the striking fact that the United States po.ssess an extent of 
railroad nearly equal to that of the rest of the world combined ; and, at our present rate of pro- 
gression, we are likely, in a few years, far to exceed it. 



UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. 



VI COMMERCIAL STATISTICS. 

L Slatislical View of the Commerce of the United Slates, exhibiting the Value of Exports to 
and ImjMrls from efich Foreign Country, and the Tonnage of American and Foreign Vessels 
arriving from and departing to each foreign country, during the year ending June 30, 1850. 



COUNTEIES. 



Rassia 

Prussia 

Sweden and Norway 

Swedish West Indies 

Deninarlv 

Danisii West Indies 

Hanse Towns 

Hanover 

HoUiind 

Dutch East Indies 

Duleh West Indies 

Butch Guiana 

Belgium 

England 

Bcolland 

Ireland 

Gil.rallar 

Malla 

Briliyh East Indies 

Cape of Good Hope 

Mauritius 

Honduras 

British Guiana 

British West Indies 

Canada 

NewPmndland 

Falkland Islands 

British American Colonies... 
Other British possessions .... 

France on the Atlantic 

France on the Mediterranean 

French West Indies 

Miquelon and French Fisheries. 

French Guiana 

Bourbon 

French possessions in Africa. . . 

Spain on the Atlantic 

Si>ain on the Mediterranean . . . 
Ten-rilTe and other Canaries. . . 
Manilla and Philippine Islands. 

Cuba 

Other Spanish West Indies 

Portuiral 

Madeira 

Fayal and other Azores 

Cape de Verde 

Italy 

Sicily 

Sardinia 

Tuscany 

Ionian Islamls 

Trieste and other Austrian ports 

Turkey 

Hayti 

Me-xico 

Central America 

New Grenada 

Venezuela 

Bolivia 

Brazil 

Argentine Republic 

Cisalpine Eepublic 

Chili 

Peru 

China 

Liberia 

West Indies generally 

South America generally 

Europe generally 

Asia generally 

Afrii'a generally 

South Bea Islands 

Eqnador 

Sandwich Islands 

AU other places 



COMMERCE. 



VALUE OF ESPORTB. 



produce. 



Foreign pr( 
tluce. 



1666,435 

70.&45 

608,580 

9S.176 

165.874 

867,140 

4,820,780 

2.1SS.101 

180,633 

8W.8.35 

97.014 

2,16S.35T 

M,6SC,959 

8.021.740 

1.025,081 

186.807 

75.829 

502.013 

143,219 

171,984 

503.776 

8.612.802 

4,641,451 



.3,116.540 

16,934.791 

1.01.5.486 

269.877 

2.517 

43 405 

12,575 

605.0,59 

8,256,362 

20.524 

16,817 

4,,'),30.256 

816,(162 

172,978 

186,874 

14,421 

47,043 

1,567,166 

50.577 

170,764 

45,664 

1.179,893 

2114,397 

1,211,11117 

1,49s, 791 

57,225 

970.619 

678,462 

2,723,767 
7IS,S,31 
60,024 

l,297.l:» 
2.58.9-39 

1,485,961 

67.984 
22,356 

815,463 

780,933 

169.025 

24.414 



$198,506 

27.991 

51,610 

1,166 

20,706 

114 818 

885,742 

416,564 

262,952 

. 56,683 

5,425 

875.4(j3 

4,210,271 

18:3,679 

42,698 

60,482 

89,051 

166,846 



16,551 

23,663 

178.6*4 

1,289,370 



501,374 

1.724,915 
168,155 
18.291 

1,882 
2,200 

28.558 

96,855 

5,065 

1,450 

460,041 

93,591 

6,236 

6.527 

2.153 

2,167 

239,904 

13,024 

86,136 

23,463 

812,111 
.58,344 
1.39,181 
614.036 
12,967 
285,600 
840,008 

473.347 
846 311 
1.613 
126,588 
16.789 
119,256 



50,442 

13.821 
28.a34 
20,537 
10,511 



Value of im 
ports. 



ISM.941 

98.036 

720.190 

99.342 

lS0..5Sfl 

981,9,58 

6200.523 

2,604,665 
4*J,4S5 
421,013 
102 4-39 

2 543.760 
68.897.230 

3.206.419 

1,067,724 
246,789 
114,330 
669.459 
1+3,219 

138,585 

525,439 

8.791.446 

6,930,821 



18.659.706 

1,1736)1 

257,603 

2.517 

44.787 

14,775 

6:54-217 

3,853.217 

25.539 

18.267 

4,990.297 

909.653 

178.214 

143.401 

16673 

49.210 

1.807,070 

63,601 

256,900 

69,132 

1,492,004 
257,741 
1,350.133 
2.012.827 
70.192 
1,2.56.219 
1,018.470 

8.197.114 
l,li61,lU2 
61. .M3 
1,422,721 
275,728 
1,605,217 

67.9,34 
72,693 

.323.784 
7.59,266 
189,362 
84.925 



tl.511.672 

27.469 

1,032.117 

2.193 

527 

267,4,59 

8,737,874 

1,686 967 

444.4(4 

6:iO,146 

71,043 

3,404,964 

72.HS.971 

2,746.670 

298.733 

44.269 

11&54 

2,865,016 

73,206 



14,591 
1.126,963 
4,285.470 



1,858,992 

497 

35.8.35,170 

1,702.855 

75,634 

12,651 
10,005 

330.131 

1,702 214 

85,238 

1,836,866 

10,292.898 

2.067,866 

889,763 

114,729 

16,828 

2,105,077 

822,629 

205 



467,601 

801,023 

1,544,771 

2,1:35,806 

261,4.59 

691.993 

1,920,347 

9,324.429 
2,65:3,877 

1,796,877 

170,753 

6,598,462 

9,417 
86,659 

402,599 
524,722 

4.618 

64,474 

26 



NAVIGATION. 



AMERICAN TONNAGE. 



U. Slates. 



12,377 

240 

8,391 

449 

896 

12.940 

23,331 

2.761 

17,S&4 

8,689 

22.964 

3 892 
23,oa3 

489,8:39 

18,906 

10.022 

2,884 

163 

23,537 

773 

4 336 
2,738 

69,302 

889,755 

122 

55,465 
1,223 
106,307 
8,560 
2,859 
018 
1,224 

859 

17,6:38 

12,827 

2,178 

10,259 

249,307 

41,768 

2,768 

1,.5S6 

1,050 



81,417 

18.33 

6,701 

808 

4893 

6,076 

41,690 

22,.585 

8,549 

104,176 

11,536 

840 

62,905 

18,9.80 

90 

14.610 

5.100 

21,969 

998 



945 
8,681 
1,101 

881 
9,267 
39,066 



5,0J8 

M9 
2,454 

502 
19,875 
21,156 

14.968 

4.070 

9,283 

4,932 

21,428 

440,682 

15,759 

10.014 

7,050 

2.665 

29.339 

1,912 

841 

4.225 

11,643 

93,833 

919,515 

4.137 

2,157 

78.293 

917 

114,589 

14,168 

11,227 

905 

1,834 



18,706 

9,807 

647 

3,165 

254.013 

80,744 

2,976 

4,182 

903 

1,886 

8826 

7,791 
2,537 

6,903 

2,689 

47,931 

20,618 

8,290 

101,753 

8,509 

887 

63,113 

16,107 

807 

41,279 

10,:332 

17,830 

1,039 

8,843 

1,365 

6,218 
8.492 
2,642 
299 
81,628 
33,787 



FOREIGN TONNAGB. 



Entered Cleared 

tlie from tlio 

U. Slates. U. Stales. 



2,131 

23,554 

46 

S92 

966 

65,664 

8,978 

11,967 

8,348 

133 

5,766 

421, .5:30 

66.026 

77,507 

290 

236 



615 

904 

49,230 

447,372 

1,695 

17,4.34 

838,426 

82,6:37 
10,215 
4,6.'7 

93 
260 

4.779 
22,894 
1,215 
1,176 
83,030 
8,074 
6,018 
836 
1,717 



9,511 
T.399 

7,371 

2,205 

429 

6,289 

86,"39 
653 
6,295 
2,708 
1,2S0 
9.:)63 

13.081 
1.1S5 

13,369 
1,803 
7,445 



2,636 



384 
1,891 

83S 
4,195 

453 



3,990 

1,88T 

9,823 

882 

8,2:32 

2,690 

63,016 

200 

22,753 

8,320 

161 

364 

4,068 

269,073 

17,276 

22,972 

806 

456 

2,133 



1,933 

2,5ST 

39,071 

456,527 

12.420 

8,793 

621,112 

42S 

17,616 

8,676 

211 

1,008 

93 

763 

130 

10,583 

»4,297 

1,376 

3,692 

29,703 

3,103 

7,531 

1,879 

161 

611 

1,683 

6,800 
909 

6,389 

8,127 
80,104 
1,723 
6,237 
2,697 
870 
8,669 
9,360 
1,167 
25,388 
7,340 
8,106 

348 

649 



631 
1,47T 
1,185 
11,970 

866 



Tot.tl 186.946.912 1149.51.808 151398.720 178.13S..318 2573.016 2,6.32,788 1,775,628 1,728,214 

ii 



UNITED STATES OP AMERICA. 



2. Statement of the Commerce of each Stale, from Ju 


y 1, 1849, to June 30, 1850. 




VAUTE OF EXPORTS. 


VjVLUE of IMPORTS. 


STATES, 


DOUESTIO PEODCCE. 


FOEEIGN PEODCCE. 


Total ot 

Arae,„:an & 

foreign 

produce. 










In An.iTican 

VMBPlp. 


In Forrign 
veseeld. 


Tulal. 


In Ameri 
can 

veasel«. 


In Foreign 

vessels. 


Total, 


vessels. 


vessels. 


Total. 


Maine 


$ 1,1.3.6.99s 


J400.S20 


tl,636.81S 


$14,51^ 


$5,530 


$20,094 


$1,560,912 


$6(19.155 


$247,266 


$866,411 




2,835 


5,887 


8.722 


— 


205 


205 


8,927 


19,962 


29.117 


49.079 




404,749 


— 


404,745 


26,157 


— 


26,167 


43,906 


463,092 


— 


463.092 


MassnehiHVs. 


7.00ii,ll« 


1,253,370 


S,253.47J 


1,898,497 


629,795 


2,428,290 


10,680,76:3 


22,106,011 


8,268,673 


30,874,684 


Ehocii- Ulaii.l 


205.9CS 


830 


206.29S 


9,966 





- 9,966 


215,266 


251,708 


6 596 


258.803 


Ci'iineotioiil. 


241,262 




241,262 


668 





668 


241,930 


311.927 


60.46:5 


872.890 


New York . . 


S3,9M,4tl9 


7,608,391 


41.502,800 


7,086,687 


4,128,802 


11,209,989 


62,712,789 


88,147,721 


22,976,803 


111,123,624 


New Jersey . 





1.6.65 


1,0.65 


— 


— 


— 


1.666 


— 


1,494 


1,494 


Pennavlvatiia 


3,42S,16f 


621,314 


4,049,4W 


868,225 


88,917 


452,142 


4,601,606 


10,795,462 


\,270,692 


12,060,154 


Delaware . . . 


— 


— 


— 


— 


— 


— 


— 


— 


. — , 


— 


Maryland ... 


4,6.67,185 


1,982,296 


6,589.481 


250,861 


127,011 


877,872 


6,967,8.58 


5,529,682 


594,519 


6,124,201 


Dial, of Col... 


73,17.6 


S,21£ 


iO,3Ss 


2O0 


— 


200 


80,588 


69,219 


600 


69,819 


Virginia 


2,365,241 


1,047,917 


8,»J3,1.68 


2,4Sa 


— 


2,488 


3,41 5.M6 


172,878 


2.53.721 


426,599 


N. OuroliiM.. 


2;>9.Clli 


156.885 


416,501 


— 


— 


— 


416.601 


179,249 


144,44:) 


823,692 


6. Ciir.liria . . 


6.467,301 


4.979.691 


11.446,s92 


400 


508 


908 


11,447,800 


1,818,663 


620,127 


1,9:33,785 


Georgia 


2 622,1.62 


4.929,791 


7.,661,94:3 






— 


7,561,94:! 


806,88'S 


S30.0S1 


636.964 


Florida 


1.113.97s 


1.493.990 


2,607,968 


15,656 


— 


15,656 


2,623.624 


80.241 


66,408 


95,709 


Alatiama 


4.601.515 


5,94;3,*13 


10.544..S6S 


— 


— 


— 


10,.6«.S58 


10.3,1:34 


757,22,s 


866,362 


Louisiana . . . 


20,927,761 


16,770,526 


87,698,277 


328 930 


78.143 


407,078 


83,105,360 


8,107,929 


2,662,570 


10.760,499 


Mississippi.. . 






















Tennessee.. . 

















__ 


__ 


27.966 





27,968 


Missouri 

















— 


— 


359,643 


— 


R.69,M3 


Ohio 


117,989 


99,543 


217,532 


— 


100 


100 


217,682 


898,999 


183,r)05 


583,604 


Kenlncky ... 


— 


— 


— 


— 


_ 


— 


— 


190.987 


— 


190,987 


Michigan 


57,232 


74,813 


1.32,048 


— 


^- 


— 


132,045 


144.102 


— 


144,102 


Illinois 


1,232 


16,437 


17.649 


— 


— 


— 


17,699 


7,78:3 


7.922 


1.5,705 


Te.\as 


— 


24,958 


24,958 


— 


— 


— 


W,96S 


14,652 


10,998 


25,650 


Caliromia . , , 


— 


— 


. — 


— 


— 


— 


— 


— 


— 


— 


Oregon 




— 


— 


— 


— 


— 


— 


— 


— 


— 


Total.... 


89,616,742 


47.3.30,170 


136,946.912 


9,998,299 


4 953.609 


14.951.808151.893.720 


139.657,043 


38.481.276 


17S,13S,.310 



3. Statement of the Navigation of each State. 





TONNAGE ENTERED UNITED ST.\TES. 


TONNAGE CLEARED FROM U. STATES. 




A,MEBICAN. 


FoEEIGN, 


Total. 


American. 


Foreign. Total. 




No. 


Tons. 


No. 


Tons. 


No. 


Tons. 


Nr>. 


Tons 


No. 


Tons. 


No. 


Tons. 




253 

9 

.3:30 

1,.345 

lor 

109 
4,137 

352 

"295 

^ 

69 
14U 
163 
47 
56 
40 
624 

178 

~97 

IS 

8 

140 


53,309 

8.572 

8G.,828 

8;!9,50S 

17,847 

22..6S0 

1,502,290 

100,009 

70,427 

1.260 

12.190 

19,185 

52,711 

11,883 

7,518 

11.914 

175,969 

21,628 

7^254 

6,690 

494 

47,950 


1,040 

101 

174 

2,733 

19 

79 

8,S:H 

17 

185 

143 

2 

88 

88 

142 
71 
89 

112 

874 

136 

894 

4 

18 

856 


89,877 

7.472 

12.607 

271,941 

2,076 

11.572 

776.430 

1,601 

82,361 

29,161 
154 

18,776 
9.116 
44.205 
45.1:Ji 
10,462 
84,106 
174,884 


18.243 

49,709 

&48 

8,177 

82,914 


1.293 
110 
604 

4,077 
119 
1.88 

7,969 

17 

637 

438 
9 
167 
188 
306 
lis 

96 
153 

898 

314 

491 
22 
16 

495 


143.186 

11.044 

99,4.36 

611.449 

19.922 

84.152 

2.277,720 

1,601 

132,370 

99,!)S8 
1,414 
30,966 
28.:300 
96.916 
57.017, 
17,980 
96.020, 
850,863 

39,871 

66.963 

7,&3S 

8,671, 

130,864 


585 

6 

322 

1,149 

94 

87 

8,610 

1 

809 

859 

8 
187 
212 
205 
58 
60 
76 
493 

1.37 

112 
4 
3 

803 


111.123 

682 

81,073 

272,27s 

16,770 

17.616 

1,411.557 

1.60 

81,276 

89,396 
1,520 
42,091 
80,7.39 
72.222 
21,039 
10.022 
82.268 
211.800 

15,485 

7.982 

1,04:3 

691 

104,266 


1.046 
102 

20 
2,767 

ir 

69 
3,693 

10 

170 

162 

2 

98 

62 

170 
83 
42 

106 

860 

Tsi 

"390 

6 

12 

820 


91.014 

7,6:J1 

1,783 

274.674 

1.705 

9.802 

787..5:39 

9S1 

30,342 

87,.623 
200 
23.367 
11.493 
52.6:30 
61 ..624 
12.l;!4 
80.717 
168,187 

18,822 

46.719 

998 

8.017 

75,862 


1,631 
107 
842 

8.906 
IK 
166 

7,803 

11 

479 

621 
10 
285 
274 
876 
141 
102 
182 
843 

268 

602 

9 

15 

623 


202.137 


New Hampshire,, 


8,213 
82,856 


Ma.'ssachilsells. . . . 
Rhode Island .... 

Connoclieul 

Now York 

New .lersey 

Pennsylvania 

Delaware 

Maryland 

D. of Columbia... 
Virginia 


546,9.63 

18.475 

27.317 

2,149.096 

1.181 

111.618 

126.819 

1.720 

65,468 


Norlh Carolina 

touth Carolina — 


42.232 
12,6.062 
72.563 


Florida 


22.166 




112.985 


Louisiana 

Mississippi 

Tennessee 

Missouri 


369,937 


Ohio 


33,807 

54,701 
2,041 


Kentucky 

Michigan 

Illinois 


Texas -. 

California 

Oregon. 


3,608 
180,128 






Total 


6.412 


2.573.016 10,100 


1.776,623; 18,512 


4.348,0:39 S,.379 


2,(!32,78S 


9,816 


1.728,214 


18.195 


4.361,002 



26 



UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. 



4. Statement exhibiting a condensed view of the Tonnage of the several Districts of the 
United States on the 30th of June, 1650. 



BISTKICTS. 


Regie lered 

torin;i(;e. 


Enrolled anil 
licen.cd 
timnsae. 


Total tonnage 
or entli 
district 


DISTEICTS. 


Rpgiatered 1 
tonnage, | 


Enrolled and 
licenai'd 
tonnagn. 


Total tonnage 
uf each 
di.*lrirt 




liiiia mill '-"-■th-. 


T-.ns »nd y.'ilhs. 


Passamaq'y Me. 


10.530 T3 


9.4.54 73 


19,985 51 


Vienna M'yl'd 


_ 1 


16.478 01 


15,473 01 


Machiaa ... " 


2,207 65 


19.060 67 


21,318 87 


Snow Hill,,, " 


— 


9,511 61 


9,511 61 


Fr'man's B, " 


1,04-? 21 


80.525 27 


82,168 48 


Si, Mar)''a,,. " 


— 


2,184 91 


2,184 91 


Penobsmt.. " 


6,713 411 


81.237 38 


86,950 78 


Town Creek " 


— 


2,226 81 


2,226 81 


Belfast " 


13,s69 79 


81,725 48 


45,595 .32 


Annapolis , , " 


— 


2,828 17 


2,328 17 


Bangor " 


9,302 81 


lo.9-'6 49 


26,268 80 


Georgetown D,ofC, 


2,796 19 


14,214 43 


17.010 61 


Waltiobnro'. *' 


88.483 1.3 


57.847 25 


96.830 88 


Alexanflria . Virg, 


2.887 81 


5,860 49 


8.787 80 


"Wiacassel.. " 


6.024 41 


12 217 li8 


IS.241 49 


Norfolk " 


10,542 10 


13,692 79 


24.1.34 89 


Bath " 


76,6118 65 


27.1 >1 7 25 


103 025 90 


PettTsibur*;. . " 


948 76 


1,759 27 


2,703 03 


Portland... " 


60.3114 43 


26.197 .86 


86.502 34 


Hichmond .. " 


3,160 80 


6,397 40 


8.4.53 25 


Saco " 


1.570 00 


1.1.53 .30 


2,7*8 30 


Yorktown ,, " 


— 


4.806 70 


4,306 70 


Kennebunk *' 


9.101 34 


2,247 82 


11,849 21 


Tappahan'k, " 


603 26 


6,330 93 


5,834 24 


York " 


— 


1.361 45 


1,361 45 


Accomac en. " 


— 


4,032 75 


4.0S2 75 


Portsmouth. N.H. 


14,973 92 


8,117 41 


23,096 88 


KastKiver.. " 


— 


4,868 61 


4,863 61 


Burlinffton . Verm. 


— 


4,5:sn 32 


4 630 82 


Yeocomio, . " 


— 


3.283 90 


8,283 90 


Newburyp'L Mass. 


16,218 57 


7,048 29 


28,261 86 


Cherrystone, " 


— 


1.2.33 OS 


1,282 03 


Ipswich.... '* 
Gloucester . " 


— 


578 39 


678 39 


Wheeling .. " 


— 


6.9.33 70 


6,938 70 


2,873 08 


19,601 00 


22,474 08 


Wilmington. N.Car. 


9,123 51 


6.074 76 


15,198 32 


Salem " 


20,316 74 


8.599 81 


28.916 13 


Newbern " 


1,518 83 


8,689 25 


5,307 5T 


Beverly " 


— 


8.173 04 


8.173 04 


W;ishington. '' 


1,097 61 


4,606 49 


.5,703 15 


Marblehead. " 


1,349 11 


5,493 31 


6.843 42 


Kdenton " 


127 07 


1,018 09 


1,145 16 


Boston " 


270.510 09 


6'M77 17 


820,637 26 


Camden " 


1,269 11 


10.678 88 


11,9+8 04 


Plymouth . . " 


8.906 88 


6 755 31 


10.722 24 


Beaufort,,,. " 


613 69 


1.645 79 


2,2.59 88 


Fall liiVLT.. " 


2.251 03 


10,85(1 76 


13.101 84 


riymoulh ... " 


1,188 88 


1,144 54 


2,323 47 


N. Bed lord. " 


119,026 45 


8,9.33 69 


127.96'! 09 


( )cracoke " 


— 


1,423 15 


1,4.58 15 


Barnsialdc . " 


5.62' 1 32 


65.581 67 


91.102 04 


Charleston ,. S.Car. 


15,377 4.8 


17,915 10 


33.'293 53 


Edgariown. *' 


Sy.-m 26 


2.145 28 


7,609 .54 


Georgetown. ■' 


1,749 19 


1,0.30 81 


2,779 50 


Nantucket . " 


2.5.-37 SO 


8.174 83 


29.012 68 


Beaufort " 


— 


— 


— 


Providence. R. I. 


9.177 14 


7.634 W 


16,711 73 


Savannah . , . Geor. 


10,437 16 


9,298 67 


19,780 83 


Bristol '■ 


11,247 12 


1.951 27 


13.198 89 


Suiibury " 


— 


— 


— 


Newport... " 


5.644 33 


4,9:« 21 


10,678 54 


Brun.swick . . *' 


— 


6.33 81 


683 81 


Middletown. Conn. 


(15 65 


12.0.3:j 72 


12.1'29 32 


Hard wick... " 


— 


— 


— 


N. L<nuh)n . •' 


23.364 23 


17.120 62 


40.484 85 


St Mary's ... " 


491 43 


938 87 


1.425 40 


Btonintrl'iii.. " 


13,1 SS 47 


6.724 03 


19.912 50 


Pensacola ... Flor. 


1,221 11 


572 68 


1,798 74 


N.Ilavvn.. " 


4.994 65 


10.736 70 


15.731 411 


St. Augustine '* 


— 


— 


— 


Fail-field ... " 


868 86 


18.960 27 


24.823 62 


St. Mark's... " 





86:3 07 


353 07 


Champluin . N. Y. 





2,745 74 


2.746 74 


St. .John's ... " 





309 73 


809 72 


Sackeit>lX'r. " 


— 


8,123 67 


8,123 57 


Apalachicola " 


— 


2,050 36 


2,060 86 


Oswego " 


— 


22.4(V4 7S 


23,404 78 


Key West... " 


4,415 46 


2,360 09 


6,765 65 


Niagara '* 


— 


732 73 


732 78 


M')bile Ala. 


T,403 67 


16,7.58 68 


24,1,57 60 


Genesee " 


— 


1.036 74 


1,086 74 


Pearl River.. Mlsa. 


. — 


1,367 34 


1,:!67 84 


Oswegatchie " 


— 


1.98.5 34 


1,985 84 


Vicksburg... " 


— 


460 28 


460 23 


Buffalo Cr.. " 


— 


39.679 00 


39.679 00 


New Orleans. La. 


83,663 55 


165,040 49 


243,709 09 


Bag Harbor. " 


10.9.53 68 


4.211 69 


15,165 42 


Teche " 


— 


1.330 71 


1,380 71 


Green port. . " 
New "Vork.. " 


4,236 29 


4319 46 


8,556 75 


Nashville ... Tenn, 


— 


3.776 05 


8,776 05 


441,336 76 


894.230 80 


835,867 61 


Louisville Ky, 


— 


14,820 19 


14,820 19 


C. Vincent.. " 


— 


2,496 02 


2,496 92 


St, Louis Miss. 


— 


28,9117 47 


28,907 4T 


Cold Spring, '* 


2 376 40 


1,478 90 


3,.855 85 


Chicago III. 


— 


21,243 17 


21.'242 17 


PerlhAnibny N. J. 


1:33 69 


21,9,50 .82 


22.084 56 


Cuyahoga . . . Ohio 


— 


85,315 84 


85.315 84 


Bridgetown. 





14 472 24 


14,472 24 


Saiidusky ... " 


— 


7.323 49 


7.,328 49 


Burhngloa.. " 


— 


7 578 67 


7.,578 67 


Cincinnati... " 


— 


17,138 80 


17,188 80 


Camden .... " 


— . 


9.669 82 


9,569 82 


Miami " 


— 


2.629 20 


2,6'>9 20 


Newark " 


77 5S 


6.651 05 


6,623 63 


Detroit Mich, 





86,393 89 


86,893 89 


L. Egg Har. ** 


— 


6,182 75 


6,182 75 


Michilim'kinac " 


— 


1,250 55 


1,2,50 65 


G. Egg Mar. " 


— 


14,084 14 


14,084 14 


Galveston . . T.'X. 


415 92 


2,892 83 


3,803 85 


Philadelphia Penn. 


&4,205 10 


142,392 72 


206,497 82 


Saluria " 


— 


588 62 


683 62 


Presque Isle " 


— 


7.870 81 


7.870 31 


Astoria Oreg, 


1.063 43 


— 


1,068 43 


Pittsburg ... '* 


— 


44,571 30 


44 571 30 


San Francisco Calif, 


16.285 12 


2,806 66 


17,691 77 


Wilmington. Del. 


1,651 GS 


7,308 70 

7,269 14 

58,349 51 


9,4611 4:3 

7.2.59 14 

149,019 88 


Point IsabeL lex. 


401 36 


274 23 


675 68 


Newcastle.. *' 
Baltimore . . . M'yl'd 


90.669 82 


Total 


1,585,711 22 


1,949,743 01 


8,685,454 28 


Oxford " 




12,843 46 


)2,;343 46 











5. The general Statement of Tonnage Accounts from June 30, 1849, to June 30, 1850. 



1S50. 
To amount of tonnage sold to foreigners 

in the year ending 3(Hh .Tune, 1850 

To amount of tonnaige condemned as un 

seaworthy in the year 

To amimnt of tonnage lost at sea in the 

year ending 3oth June, 185U 

^[Hh June. 

To balance, as appears by general state- 
ment of tonnagu (marked A) 

To this difference in the enrolled ton- 
nage, which is preaunied arises from 
transfer to the account of registered 



Kpgitler'd 
loniiage 


Aggrexale 
tunnage. 


18,467 


18,467 


4,666 


6,763 


23,7M 


81,743 


1,685,711 


8,635,454 


— 


50,175 


1,627,670 


8,640,699 



Jimt SOth, 1849, 
By balance of tonnage, per statement, 
rendered for the year ending 801h 
June, 1849 



JuneSOth, ISoO. 
By amount of tonnage built, registered, 

enrolled, and lic-nsed in the year 1350 
By this amount, being an increase of the 

registered tonnage 

By this amount, being an increase of the 

licensiid tonnage under 20 tons. , . . 



1,433,941 

157,612 
81,016 



3,834,015 

273.215 
81.016 
3,349 



l,627,57ol3,M0,699 



36 



"^r 



4 



UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. 



6. A cojnparaiive View of the registered c^d enrolled Tonnage of the United Slates^ shomng 
the l^mnage employed in the Whale Fishery ; also, the proportion of the enrolled and. licensed 
Tonnage employed in the Coasting Trade^ Cod Fishery, Mackerel Fishery, and IVhale Fish- 
ery^from 1815 to IS50^ inclusive. 



Regiat^red ton- 



eJ ami lirensed tonn.ngi 



Coanling trade I Cod fisliery. 



MacL'l fifliry. Whale 
I fluliery. 



1815.... 


8.54,294 74 


1816.... 


800,759 63 


1817.... 


809,724 70 


ISIS.... 


606,088 64 


1819.... 


612,930 44 


18-20.... 


619,047 68 


1821.... 


619,896 40 


1822.... 


62S.1S0 41 


1823.... 


689,920 76 


1S24.... 


669.972 60 


1825.... 


7011,787 08 


1826.... 


737,973 15 


1827.... 


747,170 44 


1828.... 


812.619 84 


1829.... 


660,142 88 


1880.... 


676,676 83 


18.31.... 


620,451 92 


1832.... 


686,989 77 


1833.... 


760,126 72 


1834.... 


857,483 42 


WJo.... 


885,821 60 


la36.... 


897,774 51 


18.37.... 


810,447 29 


1883. . . . 


822,591 86 


1839.... 


&34.244 54 


1840.... 


899,764 74 


1841.... 


846.S03 42 


1S42.... 


975,.353 74 


1843.... 


1.0119,305 01 


1844.... 


1,006,704 91 


1S46.... 


1,096,172 +4 


1846.... 


1,131,286 49 


1S47.... 


1,241,312 92 


1848.... 


1,360,SS6 85 


1849.... 


l,J3s,941 .^3 


1850.... 


l,58,-).7n 22 



513.&33 04 

571,458 86 

690,136 66 

619,095 51 

647,821 17 

661,118 66 

679.062 80 

696,548 71 

696,6« 87 

719,190 87 

722,32:5 69 

796,210 68 

878.437 84 

928,772 52 

610,6.54 88 

616,311 10 

647,394 ' 

752,460 

856,123 22 

901,468 6' 

939,118 49 

984,328 14 

1,086,288 40 

1,173,047 89 

1,262,234 27 

1,280,999 85 

1,184,940 90 

1,117,031 90 

1,149,297 93 

1,211,330 11 

1,821,329 57 

1,431,798 32 

1,597,732 80 

1,793,165 00 

1,895.073 71 

1,949,743 01 



1,868,127 73 
1,372.218 53 
1,399,912 41 
1.22.5,154 20 
1,260.761 61 
1,280,166 24 
1,298,958 79 
1,. 32 1.699 1 
1,336,565 68 
1,389,163 03 
1,423,110 7 
1,634,189 83 
1,620.607 78 
1,741,.391 87 
1,260,797 81 
1,191,770 43 
1,267,846 29 
1,439,450 21 
1,006,149 94 
1,76S,907 14 
1,824,941] 14 
1,882,102 65 
1,896,686 69 
1,995,639 S'l 
2,096,478 81 
2,180,764 16 
2,130,744 87 
2,090,890 69 
2,153,601 93 
2,330,095 07 
2,417,002 06 
2,562,084 SI 
2,839,045 77 
8,164,041 85, 
8,334,015 29 
8,6.3.5,45« 23 



4.874 41 

16,1.34 7 

31,700 40 

S6,.391 44 

26,070 83 

4,5,449 4: 

89,918 13 

83,166 70 

85,379 24 

41,7.57 

4.5,653 21 

64,621 08 

57,284 38 

83,911 

82,315 79 

72,363 84 

101,1.58 1 

108,060 14 

97,640 00 

144,630 60 

127,241 81 

119,629 89 

131,845 26 

136,926 64 

167,405 1 

151,612 74 

162.874 89 

163.293 63 

190,695 65 

186,980 16 

193,863 72 

193,176 90 

130,136 29 

146.016 71 



ITLi.v;:) 1 1 

■4-.1.4.57 92 

503,140 87 

523666 20 

639,080 46 

6.59,4.36 67 

678,080 02 

566,408 88 

539.233 01 

587,273 07 

666,420 44 

732,937 65 

758,922 12 

608,863 10 

616,978 13 

539,723 74 

649,627 40 

744,198 60 

738,618 66 

792,301 20 

873,023 21 

956,930 60 

1,041,106 18 

1,163,551 80 

1,176,694 40 

1,107,067 88 

1,015,7.53 .39 

1,076,166 59 

1,109,614 44 

1,190,893 27 

1,289.870 89 

1,452,623 85 

1.620,988 16 

1,730,410 81 

1,755,796 42! 



26,670 33 
87,869 30 
63,990 26 
58,551 " 
65,044 92 
60,M2 55 
51,351 49 
68,405 86 
67,621 14 
68,419 00 
70,626 02 
63,761 42 
74.043 8 
74.947 74 
101,796 7a 
61. .5,54 67 
60,977 SI 
54,027 70 
62,720 70 
56,403 70 
72,374 is 
63,307 37 
80,561 89 
70,064 00 
72,263 68 
76,0.35 65 
66,.551 84 
54,804 02 
61,224 26 
85,224 77 
69,325 66 
72,516 17 
70,177 52 
82.051 82 
42.9T0 19 
85,646 30' 



85,973 88 
46,210 SO 
47,427 
48,725 4;! 
61,082 11 
64.4+i 11 
64,424 25 
46,310 90 
66,649 16 
85,983 87 
23,269 19 
11.321 13 
16.096 83 
11,775 70 
16,170 66 
21,418 16 
36,463 16 
31,451 13 
4.3„5.58 73l 
78.863 7s 
68.111 94i 



1,229 92 

1,103 00 

349 92 

614 68 

6S6 5S 

1,0.53 66 

1,924 40 

8,133 60 

68.5 87 

130 08 



323 94 
ISO 34 

792 87 
4-31 83 
377 47 
473 89 
364 16 

1,673 26 

1,894 86 

6,229 55 

439 69 



877 31 
142 83 
820 14 
206 92 
4:59 53 



432 



7. A Statement of Ike Number of Vessels built in the several States, and the Aggregate Ton- 
nage of each for the year ending 30th June, 1850. 



Maine 

New Hampshire 

Vermont 

Mas-oaohuselta 

Khode Island 

Connecticut 

New York 

New Jersey 

Pennsylvania 

Delaware 

Maryland 

District of Columbia 

Virftinia 

North Carolina 

South Carolina 

Georgia, 

Florida 

Alabama 

Mississippi 

Louisiana 

Tennessee 

Kentucky 

Missouri 

lUinoiB 

Ohio 

Michigan 

Texas 

Oregon 

Total 



CLASS OF VESSELS. 



Ships. 



127 
8 

51 
5 
8 

26 

1 
7 



115 
2 

46 
5 
27 
60 
35 
.39 
12 
125 

27 
23 



9 

112 
17 
107 



8 
11 
6 



1 
1 

82 
3 

31 
1 
4 

5 
5 



34 
6 
1 

16 
8 
1 



326 

10 

1 

121 
14 
47 

224 
67 

185 
16 

160 

8 

?4 

33 

5 
2 



24 

84 
5 
33 
81 
14 
1 



1.360 



91.211 


73 


6,911 


32 


77 


41 


35. ST 


14 




15 


4.sl',l 


79 


5^.343 


73 


6.301 


63 


21.409 93 


1.S4S 


S2 


15.91U SO 


"s« 


IT 


3.5«4 


09 


2.051 


59 


6'!3 


S2 


79 


t.i 


113 60 


1,.593 


S3 


6.460 69 


I.S.'i3 


82 


1.691 


21 


5.214 62 


2.061 


63 


105 


,54 


122 


43 



lil 






UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. 



Statement showing the Number and Class of Vsgsels built, and the Tonnage thereof, in thi 
several States and Territories of the United States from 1815 to 1850 inclusive. 





CLASS OF VESSELS. 


S 
> 

if 

1 


S 

2 
i2 




Ships. 


Brig«. 


Scb'ioners, 


Stoop* and 
canal boats. 


Steamere. 


1815 


136 
76 
84 
B3 
68 
21 
43 
M 
55 
56 
56 
71 
58 
73 
44 
25 
72 
1.32 
144 
98 
25 
93 
67 
66 
88 
97 
114 
116 

m 

73 
124 
100 
161 
254 
198 


224 

122 

86 

85 

82 

60 

89 

181 

127 

156 

197 

187 

188 

108 

68 

56 

95 

143 

169 

94 

60 

65 

72 

79 

89 

109 

101 

91 

.84 

47 

87 

164 

168 

174 

148 


680 

781 

559 

428 

473 

801 

248 

260 

260 

877 

588 

482 ^ 

464 

474 

485 

403 

416 

563 

625 

486 

803 

444 

607 

501 

439 

878 

810 

273 

188 

204 

822 

676 

689 

701 

623 

547 


274 
424 
894 

833 
242 
162 
127 
168 
165 
166 
163 
227 
241 
196 
145 
116 
94 
122 
185 
ISO 
100 
164 
168 
168 
123 
224 
167 ■ 
404 
178 
279 
342 
855 
892 
.'>17 
870 
290 


15 

26 

85 

45 

83 

83 

43 

87 

34 

100 

65 

63 

80 

124 

185 

90 

125 

64 

78 

187 

79 

163 

163 

225 

193 

175 

208 

159 


1,314 

1,403 

1,073 

S93 

860 

534 

607 

623 

622 

731 

994 

1,012 

984 

834 

785 

637 

711 

1,065 

1,138 

9.37 

507 

890 

949 

893 

853 

S72 

782 

1,021 

482 

766 

1,033 

1.420 

1,698 

1,851 

1,547 

1.860 


154,624 8» 

181.663 04 

86.893 87 

SO 4.21 20 


1S16 


1S17 


1818 


1S19 


79.317 86 
47.784 01 
55,366 01 
76.346 9S 
75,007 67 


1S20 


1821 


1823 


1823 


lS2t 


1S25 


114 997 25 


1S26 




1827 


104.S42 67 


1828 


1S29 


77,098 65 

68,094 24 

85,962 68 

144,539 16 


1S30 


1831 


1882 


1833 


1834 


lis aso 37 


1835 




1836 


113,627 49 


1837 


1838 


113135 44 


1839 


190 q^s 34 


1340 




1841 


118,893 71 


1842 


1843 


63 617 77 


1844 




1846 


146 013 02 


1846 


1SS203 93 


1847 


243,732 67 


1S4S 


318,075 54 


1849 


256.577 47 


1850 


272,216 54 











VIL STATEMENT OF THE DUTIES, P.ETENtlES, AND PUBLIC EXPEND ITUEES DUEING THB 
TEARS ENDING SOra JUNE, 1849 AND 1350. 



BEGEIPT8. 

From customs $28,346,738 82 

From sales of public lands. 1,683,969 65 
From miscellaneous sources 1,033,049 13 



Total receipts $31 ,074,.347 60 

Avails of stocks, treasury 

notes, etc., issued $28,588,760 00 

Balance in treasury Ist July, 

1S48&1849 153,634 60 



$89,668,636 42 
1,859,394 36 
1,847,213 33 



$43,375,798 90 

$4,045,950 00 

2,139,964 28 



Total means $59,816,632 10 $49,606,713 13 



EIPKNDmniES. 

Civil list $2,865,615 83 

Foreiprn Intercourse 7,972,832 01 

Miscellaneous 3,179,193 66 

Interior department — 

War department 17,290,986 08 

Navy department 9,309,318 20 

Public debt 16,453,272 89 



18.10 

$3,042,770 07 
4,833,594 78 
6,968,360 24 
8,400,624 87 
9,401,239 16 
7,923,813 13 
7,437,366 41 



Total expenditures $57,631,667 82 $48,0112,163 69 
Balances 1st July '49 & '50 $2,184,964 28 $6,604,544 49 



VIII. STATEMENT OF THE PUBLIC DEBT 80Tn NOVEMBEP., 1850. 



DENO.MI.VATION OF DEBT. 



Rate 
per 


VVlien redeemable. 


Amoant. 


cent. 








On presentation 


$119,685 98 


RJ 


$60,000 per annum 


900.000 00 




On presentation 


139,011 64 


— 


(In presentation 


25,9.50 00 


— 


On presentation 


44,700 00 i 


6 


1st .Tanuarv-. 1868 


164,828 00 


6 


SlstDec. 1S62 


8,198,686 03 


6 


l9t July, 1853 


6,463,231 85 


6 


I2lh Nov.. 1856 


4,999,149 46 


6 


1st Jan., 1863 


27.1. 55,1 22 00 


6 


1st Julv, 1863 


15,740,000 00 


5 


9th Aug,, 1351 


808,673 92 



Principal and interest of old funded and unfunded debt Treasury notes of 1S12 

and Yazoo scrip 

Debt of tiie cities of the District of Columbia, assumed per act 80th May, 1S36 
Oulslandins; treasury nf ties issued previous to 22dJuly, 1346, payable or fundable 
Outstanding treasury notes issued underact 26lh June, 1846, payable or ftindablc 
Outstandinff treasury notes issued under act 2Sth Jan. 1S47, payable or fundable 

Slock issued for treasury notes 1837-1843, under act 2Slh Jan. 1S47 

Loan of 15lh April, 1842 

" Sa March. 1843 

" 22d July, 1846 

" 2Sth Jan., 1847 

" 81 St March, 1S4S 

Mexican indemnity stock 



Total debt per statement Ist December, 1850 $W,22S,288 83 



UNITED STATES OP AMERICA. 



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29 



UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. 



X. STATISTICS OF COINAGE. 



1. Deposits for Coinage, at the 
Mint of the United States and its 
Branches, in the Year 1850. 



GOLD. 

Coins of U. S., old stand. 

Foreiirn Coins 

Uuitetl Soites Bullion. . 

Foreign I3ullinn 

Total ol Gold 

SILVEH. 

United Slates Bullion. . 

Foreign Bullion 

Foreign t.:oin3 

Total ol Silver 



Total . 



$9,996; 

1,303,740 

30.938,814 

11.3,110 



$269,253 

14.3.192 

1,626,696 



$33,865,160 



1,939,041 



$4(.l,.30-4,201 



2. Coinage of the Mint of the United 
States and its Branches, in the 
Year 1850. 



_i_ 



DeiK. 



GOLD. 

Doub. Kagles 1,811.201 

Eagles 348.961 

UalfEagles.. 172,082 
Quar. Kaglcs 858,219 
Dollars 811,301 



$26,225,220 00 

3,489,510 00 

860,160 00 

89.5,542 60 

511,301 00 



Total Gold ..'2,701,764 

COPPEB. I 

Cents 4.426,844 

Half Cents.. 39,812 



$31,931,733 60 

*4,2CS 44 
199 56 



Total Copper '4.566,6561 $44.467 50 



DenoHiiriHtiniis. 

Gold .fe. Copper 
Coins 

SILTER. 

Dollars 

Half Dollars.. 
;juar. Dollars . 

Dimes 

Half Dimes.. 

Total 


Piece.H. 


7,2GS,42u 

47,500 

2,6S:j,iiii(i 

002.800 

2,441 ,5('0 

1,(^45,000 


U,5S8,22(i 



.$32,026,200 



47,500 

1,341,,'HIO 

150.700 

244,160 

82,280 



$33,892,301 



3. Coinage of the Mint of the United States, from 1792, including the Coinage of the Branch 
Mints, from tlie Commencement of their Operations, in 1838. 



Yeara. 


Cotcl. 


Silver. 


Copper. 


WIIOLK COINAGE. 




^.o. ul Places. 


V;,U.e. 


1798-95 . 


$71,435 00 
102,727 50 
108,422 50 
205.610 00 
213.2>5 00 
317,7r.(l 00 
422,870 00 
423.310 00 
268.377 50 
258,642 50 
170,367 60 
824.5115 00 
437,495 00 
234,665 00 
169,875 00 
501,4)5 00 
497,905 00 
290.4:56 00 
477.140 00 
77,270 00 
3,175 00 

242,940 00 

25s,615 00 

1,319,030 00 

189,325 00 

88,930 00 

72,425 00 

93,200 00 

166,385 00 

92,246 00 

131,865 00 

140,145 (10 

295.717 50 

648,105 00 

714.270 00 

793,4:35 00 

973,8.50 00 

8.954.270 oO 

2,1'-6,175 00 

4,1:55,700 00 

l,148,3l'5 00 

1,809,895 00 

1,358,8^5 00 

l,075,;iH2 60 

l,091,.5;l7 60 

1.831.170 50 

8,108,797 50 

2.230 00 

8,756,447 60 

4.0:34,177 00 

20.221,385 00 

8,776,512 50 

9,007,761 60 

81,931,733 50 


«370,6S3 80 

79,077 50 

12,591 45 

8:30.291 00 

423,615 00 

224.296 00 

74.768 00 

68.343 00 

87,118 00 

100,840 60 

149.833 60 

47. .319 00 

597,448 75 

684.300 00 

707,376 00 

633.773 60 

608.840 00 

814.029 60 

620.961 60 

56i:6S7 60 

17,803 00 

23,576 76 

607,78:3 60 

1,070,454 50 

1.14II.0II0 00 

601.630 70 

825.762 45 

• 805,306 50 

395.550 00 

1,762,477 00 

l,8C4,8s3 00 

2.002.090 00 

2.SC9.200 00 

1.575,600 00 

1.994,573 00 

2;495,400 00 

3.178,600 00 

2,579,1100 00 

2.7.59.000 00 

8.415.002 00 

8,44:i.0ll3 00 

8.606.100 00 

2.096,010 00 

2,838,243 00 

2.189,296 00 

1.726.703 00 

1,182,780 00 

2.3:32.750 00 

8.834.780 00 

2.2:3.5.580 00 

1.873,200 00 

2,558,580 00 

2,874,450 00 

2,040,050 00 

2,114,960 00 

1,866,100 00 


$11,373 00 

10.824 40 

9,610 34 

9,797 00 

9,106 63 

29,279 40 

13,623 87 

84,422 83 

25,203 08 

12.844 94 

13,48:3 43 

5,260 00 

9,652 21 

18,090 00 

8,001 63 

16.660 00 

2,495 95 

10,755 00 

4,130 00 

3,578 SO 

23,209 S2 
39,4.<4 00 
81.670 00 
26.710 00 
44,075 50 
8.S90 00 
20,728 39 

12,620 00 
14,926 00 
16,844 25 
2S„557 82 
25,636 24 
16.580 00 
17,115 00 
83.603 60 
23.020 00 
2S.160 00 
19,1,51 00 
89.4^9 00 
23.100 00 
65.583 00 
53,702 00 
31.2S6 61 
24.627 00 
16.973 67 
23,.838 90 
24.2.-3 20 
28,987 52 
88.943 04 
41.208 00 
01,336 69 
64,157 99 
41,984 82 
44,467 50 


1,884.420 

1,219.870 

1,095,165 

1,368,241 

1.365,081 

8,837,972 

1.571.390 

8.616.869 

2.780.8:30 

2.046.839 

2.260,361 

1,315,409 

2,781,345 

2,985,838 

2,861,8.34 

8.066,418 

1.649,570 

2,761,M6 

1.755.:581 

1,6S3;859 

69,367 

2,883,135 

5,163,967 

6,537,084 

5,074,723 

6.492,509 

3.139,249 

3,813,788 

2,166.485 

4,786.804 

.5,173,760 

6,774.434 

9,097,345 

6,196.3.58 

7,674,601 

S.357.191 

11,792,234 

9.123.887 

10.307.790 

11,637,613 

15.996 342 

13.719.S33 

13.010.721 

15,780.811 

11,811.594 

10,668,240 

8,311.968 

11,743,168 

4,61(1.832 

9.051,834 

1.806.196 

10,188,615 

15.392..344 

12.6J9.790 

12.666.659 

14.688,220 


$45:3.641 80 


1796 


192.129 40 


1797 ; 


128.524 29 


1798 


.548,693 00 


1799 




1800 


571.8:35 40 


1801 

1802 


610.966 87 


1808 


870.698 .53 


1804 


371.J27 94 


1S05 


8:33,2:59 48 


1806 


>^0].'tS4 00 


1807 


l,tl44..598 96 


1808 




1S09 


8s4.7,52 53 


ISIO 


1.1.5.5 s08 50 


1811 


l.ln-,740 95 


1812 


1.115.219 50 


1818 


1. It 12.275 50 


1814 


612.885 80 


1815 




1816 


66.785 57 


1817 


047,267 50 


1818 




1819 


1 42.5 325 00 


1820 


1 nOI 7s6 '>0 


1821 


1.018,977 45 


1822 


915.509 69 


1828 


967 tl75 00 


1824 


1 S5^ "07 00 


1825 


1 T:58 ^14 00 


1826 


2 lli'.OTO 25 


1827 


3 0"4 842 32 


1823 


1 741 331 24 


1829 




1880 


8 ]8o 620 00 


1831 


8 0''3 478 60 


18.32 




1888 

1834 

1835 


3,705.710 00 
7,;i-s.4L'3 00 


1836 




1887 


S '^99 >S')S 00 


1838 




1339 

1S40 


S,f)7(>.4(;7 61 
8 4'il» 1182 50 


1841 


2'^4(*;;'»i IT 


1842 




1843 


n 9'm sm 70 


1844 


7 (>-'7 T(!7 52 


1S45 




1846 




1847 




1S48 


5 s7y 7'»o 49 


1849 


11 164 fiOS 8*2 


1850 


83,892,301 00 




Total 


$117,330,985 00 


$77,447,664 90 


$1,296,21 102 


870,536,129 


$195 074 710 92 



STATISTICAL GAZETTEER 



OF THE 



UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. 



AAH 



ACK 



Aaeonsbcteg, p. v., Centre co., Perm.: oa Elk cr., 51 m. 
N. "W. Harrisburg. Pop. 226. 

Aaros's Er>', p. o., Montg;omery co., JTy. ; on a small 
tributary of Licking r., 49 ni. E. Frankfort. 

Abbeetille, p. v., La Fayette co.. Miss. : 15G m. N. N.W. 
Jackson. 

Abbettllk districts'. Car. Situate W., and contains 960 
sq. ra. The Savannah washes its S. W. and the Saluda its 
X. E. borders, whUe numerous streams, tributary to these 
rivers, drain the interior. The surface is agreeably variega- 
ted by hill and dale, and a considerable part of tho soil is rich 
and fertile. The products are chiefly Indian com and cotr 
ton. Farms 1,S14; mannC 156 ; dwell. 2,391, and pop.— 
wh. 12,693, fr. col. 363, si. 19,262— total, 32,31S. Capital : 
Abbeville. Puhlic Works: Abbeville Branch R. R. 

Abbeville, p. v., and cap. Henry co. Ahi. : on a branch 
of Yattayabba cr., 86 m. S. W. Montgomery ; it contains a 
(J. H. and other pubUc buildings. Tho " Abbeviil& Ban- 
ner" is issued weekly. Pop. 8-27. 

ABBF,\^LLE, p. v., and cap. Abbe\'iHe dist., S. Car. : near 
the centre of the district, 90 m. W. Columbia : it contains a 
C. II., a jail, an arsenal, a magazine, and several stores. 
The "■ Abbeville Banner" is issued weekly. A branch of 
the Greenville and Columbia K. E. terminates at this pomt. 

Abbeville, p. v., Vermillion par., La. : on W. side Ver- 
million r., 169 m. W. 3. W. of Baton Rouge. 

Abeetville, p. v., Medina co., Ohio : 109 m. N. E. Co- 
lumbus. 

Abbot, t, and p. o., Piscataquis co., 2fe. : on Piscataquis 
r., 54 m. N. Augusta. 

Abbott's Creek, p. c, Davidson co., N.Oar. : on a cr. 
of the same name, 94 m. VT. Raleigh. 

Abbottsto\v>', p. v., Adams co., Penn. : on Beaver cr., 
42 m. S. 9. "W. Harrisburg. 

Abeotisville, p. v., Darke CO., Ohio : 94 m. "W. Colum- 
bus. 

Abb's Valley, p. o., Tazewell co., Yirg. : at the head 
of Tug fork of Sandy r., 223 m. AV'. S. W. Richmond. 

Abf.kdeen, p. v., Monroe co., Mi.'^s. : '^. side Tombigbee 
r., 142 ra. N. E. Jackson. Two newspapers, the " Monroe 
Democrat," and the " Independent," are issued weekly. 

Abekpeex, p. v.. Brown co., Ohio: on Ohio r., opposite 
MaysvUle, Ky., S6 m. S. S. W. Columbus. Pop. SOL 

Aberfoil, p. v.. Macon co., Ala.: on a head cr. of Pea 
r., S4 m, E. S. E. Montgomery. 

Abe Spelsg, p. o., Calhoun co., Flor. : 71 m. S. "W. Tal- 
lahassee. 

Abingdon, p. v., Lake oo., HI.: on Des Plaines r., 20S 
m. N. E. Springfield. 

Abingpox, p. v., Harford co., Md. : on W. side Bush cr., 
87 m. N. N. E. Annapolis. 

Abingdon, p. v., and cap. "Washington co., Vlrg. : on a 



cr. of Hokton r., 253 ra. W. S. W. Richmond. It contains 
the county buildings, several factories and stores, and about 
300 dwelhngs. Two newspapers, the "Democrat" and 
'' Virginian." are issued weekly. 

Abington, p. v., "Windham co.. Conn.: S. of and near 
Mashamugit br. of Quinnebaug r., 43 m. E. N. E. U-irt- 
ford. 

Abisgton, p. t., "Wayno co., Inil.: on W. bank of E. 
fork of White r., r)6 m. E. Indianapolis. 

Abington, t. and p. v., Plymouth co., Mass. : on Old 
Colony R. R., 19 m. S. Boston. The people are chiefly en- 
gaged in shoemaking. Pop. 5,269. 

Abington, p. t., Montgomery co., Penn. : 94. m. E. Har- 
risburg. 

Abington Centee, p. v., Lucerne co., Penn. : (see "Wa- 
verlv). 

Aeoite, t and p. v., Allen co., Ind.: on Aboito cr. of 
Lilile r., 96 m. N. N. E. Indianapolis. 

Abe.uia-Mtown, p. v., Marion co., Flor. 

AERAii's PuuNS, p. o., Granville co., xV. Car. : 43 m. N. 
Raleigh. 

Abscota, p. v., Calhoun co., Mich.: S3 ra. S. Lansing, 

Abseoum, p. v., Atlantic co., K. Jer. : on Absecum cr., 2 
m. above the bay, and 61 m. S. S. W. Trenton. 

AcADEsiiA, p. v., Knox CO., Tenn. : on BuUrun cr. of 
Clinch r., 153 m. W. Nashville. 

AcADEMiA, p. v., Juniata co., Penn.: 31 m. "W. Harris- 
burg. 

AcAHEMT, p. 0., Ontario co., JV. Y. : ISO m. W. iVlbany. 

AccATiNK, p. v., Fairfax co., M.rg. : 93 m. N. Rich- 
mond. 

Accident, p. v., Alleghany co., Md. : on Youghiogeny 
r., 2 ra. below Pennsylvania line, and IGS m. W. N. W. An- 
napolis. 

AccoMAC county, Virg. Situate on E. shore of Chesa- 
peake Bay, and contains 4S0 sq. m. Several islands in the 
adjacent waters belong to this county. Surface level, and 
soil mostly sandy. Cum and oat3 are the chief products, 
and some small quantity of cotton is grown. Farms 1.007 ; 
manuf. 17 ; dwell. 2,540, and pop.— wh. 9,742, fr. col. 3161, 
si. 4,9S7— total, 17,890. Capital : Accomac C. H. 

AccoMAO CoiTRT-noirsE, p. v., and cao. Accomac co., 
Virg : near the centre of the peninsula so called Deum- 

ilON'PSlOWN. 

Accord, p. v., Ulster co., JT. T. : on Eondout cr., 64 m. 
S. S. W. Albany. 

ArnoE, p. v., Columbiana co., Ohio: 132 m. E. N. E. Co- 
lumbus. 

Ackwoeth, p. v., Cobb co., Ga.: 93 m- N. W. MiUedge- 
ville. 

AcKwoKTiT, t. and p. v., Sullivan co., 'K. IFamp.: on N> 
side of Cold r., and 36 m. "W. Concord. Pop. 1,251. 

31 



ACQ 



ADD 



Ac<jUACKANoxcK, t. and p. v., Passaic co., ^V". Jer. : 
at heaU of oavigation of Passaic r., 61 m. N. E. Trenton, 
Ac^iuiNTON, p. v., King William co., Vtrg. 
AcEA, p. y., Greene co., y. T. : 8T m. S. S. W. Albany. 
Acton, p. t., York co., Me. : near the head waters of Sal- 
mon Falls r., SO m. S. W. Augusta. Pop. ],:i59. 

Acton, L and p. v., Miiidlesex co., Mass. : on N. of Stow 
r., 23 m. N. W. Boston. Pop. 1,605. 

AcroN CoaNEE, p. o., Tork co., Me. : 83 m. 8. W. Au- 
gusta. 

Ada, L and p. v., Kent co., Mich. : at the junction of 
Thorn Apple and Grand rlvera, 43 m. "W. 8. W. Lansing. 

Adaies, p. v., Nachitoches par., La,: on a cr.of Spanish 
Lake, 148 m. W. N. W, Baton Rouge. 

Adaih county, Ey. Situate S. centrally, and containa 
440 sq. m. Drained byaffluenta of Green and Cumberland 
rivers. Surface hilly and broken ; soil various, but of av- 
erage fertility. "Wheat, com, oats, and tobacco are the prin- 
cipal products, and some cotton. Farms 1,010 ; manuf. ID ; 
dweU. 1,513, and pop.— wh. 2,2S8, fr. col. 108, al. 1,707— total, 
S»,89S. Capital: Columbia. 

Abaie county. Mo. Situate N. E., and contains 560 aq. 
m. Drained by the head waters of numerous rivers flow- 
ing to the Mississippi, and by Chariton r., which passes 
thi^ugh it. Surface level, and chiefly prairie or bottoms : 
soils fertile. Farms 826 ; manu£ 5 ; dwell. 333, and pop. 
— wh. 2,2S3, fr. col. 8, sL 51— total, 2,342. Capital : Earks- 
ville. 

Adaie county, la. Situate S. W., and contains 576 sq. m. 
Taken from Pottowottamie in 1351. 

Adaibsville, p. v., Cass co., Ga. : on N. W. of county, 
and 133 m. N. W. Milledgeville. 

Adaiksville, p. v., Logan co., Ky. : on E. side Whip- 
poorwill cr., 164 m. W. S. AV. Frankfort 

Adams county, IlL Situate W. on Mississippi r., and con- 
tains 760 sq. m. Drained by Bear cr. and several streams 
tributary to the Illinois. Surface level or undulating — 
chiefly prairie : soils very rich, producing wheat, Indian 
com, oats, etc., abundantly, and some tobacco. Farms 
2,294 ; munuf. 113 ; dwell. 4,459, and pop.— wh. 26,370, fr. col. 
188— total, 26,503. Capital: Quincy. 

Adams county, Tnd. Situate N. E., and contains 836 sq. 
m. It is drained in the N. by St. Mar)''s r., and in the S. 
by the Wabash. Surface generally level, but near the riv- 
ers undulating, mostly covered with timber. Soil marly 
clay, and verj' fertile, producing large quantities of wheat, 
Indian com, and hay ; and horses, cattle, and hogs are ex- 
ported. Farms 576; manuf. 11; dwell. 1,002, and pop. — 
wh. 5,789, fr. coL S— total, 5,797. Capital: Decatur. 

Adams county, la. Situate S. W., and contains 432 sq. m. 
Taken from Pottowottamie in 1S51. 

Adajib county, Mis8. Situate S. W. on Mississippi r., and 
contains i-lS sq. m. Drained by the Homochito r. and oth- 
er streams. Surface moderately hilly, except in the neigh- 
borhood of the river, where there are extensive alluvial 
tracts. iTidian com and cotton are the principal pro- 
ducts. Farms 136; manuf. 15; dwell. 900, and pop.— wh. 
8,952, fr. col. 255, si. 14,415— total, 1S,C22. Capital : "Wash- 
ington. Puhlic Works: Natchez and Malcolm 11. R. 

AD.tMs county, Ohio. Situate S. on Ohio r., and contains 
560 sq. m. Drained chiefly by Brush cr. Surface some- 
what hilly, and the soils of average fertility. The principal 
products are wheat, Indian com, and oats. Iron ore of fine 
quality is fuund in this county. Farms 1,509; manuf. 26; 
dweU. 3,205, and pop.— wh. 18,328, fr. col. 55— total, 1S,8S3. 
Capital : West Union. 

Adamb county, Penn. Situate S., and contains 528 sq. 
m. Drained by Conewaga cr. and the head waters of Mo- 
nocacy r. Surface uneven, and soils fertile. Wheat, In- 
dian com, and oats are the chief products. Farms 1,902; 
manuf. 124; dwell. 4,886, and pop.— wh. 25,426, fr.coL 655 
—total, 25,981. Capital: Gettysburg. 

Adams county. Wise. Situate centrally, and contains 
82 



2,376 sq. m. Drained by tributaries of Wisconsin r.. which 
runs through it. Surface undulating and well wooded 
with a soil of great fertility. Farms — ; dwell. 40, and pop. 

137. Capital: 

Adams, p. v., Irwin co., Ga.: 66 m. S. Milledgeville. 
ADAJds, t and p. v., Berkshire co., Mans. : on Iloosic r., 
191 m. N. N. W. Boston. Pop. 6.1T2. 
Adams, t, and p. v., Hillsdale co., Mich. : 62 m. S. Lansings 
Adams, p. v., Adams co., HI. : 84 m. W. &pringflt;ld. 
Adams, t. and p. v., Jeflerson co., N. T. : on San<Iy cr., 146 
m. W. N. W. Albany. The Watertown and Rome K. R. runs 
by the village. Pop. of 1 3,106. 

Adams, t. and p. v., Seneca co., O?iio: on a cr. of San- 
dusky r., 84 m. N. Columbus. Pop. 1,416. 

Adams, p. v., and cap. Sauk co., Wise : on Baraboo r.,43 
m. N. W. Madison. 
Adams, p. v., Walworth co., Wise : €1 m. S. E. Madison. 
Adams Basin, p. v., Monroe co., A'". Y. : on Erie Canal, 
193 m. W. Albany. 

Ad.vmsbueg, p. v., Westmoreland co., Penn. : on a cr. 
of Toughiogeny r., and near the Pennsylvania R. E., 146 
m. W. Harrisburg. Pop."807. 

Adamsbukg, p. v., Gasconade co.. Mo. : on Au Boeuf r., 
86 m. E. Jefi"erson City. 

Adams' Centre, p. v., JeflTerson co., JV: Y. : 144 m. W. 
Albany. 

Adams' Milis, p. c, Pulaski co., Ky. : 81 m. 8. E. Frank- 
fort. 

Adams' Mills, p. v., Muskingum co., Ohio: on Ohio Ca- 
nal, 61 m. W. Columbus. 
Adams' Run, p. o., Colleton dist., S. Car. 
AnAMSTowN, p. v., Frederick co., Md.: on Monocacy 
r., 59 m. N. W. Annapolis. 

Adamstown, p. v., Lancaster co., Peniu : at the head of 
Conestoga cr., 43 m. E. Ilarriaburg. 
Adamsville, p. v., Franklin co., Mass. : 79 m. W. Boston. 
Adamsville, p. v., Cass co., Mich. : on Christiana r., 6S 
m. S. W. Lansing. 

ADAMBvrLLE, p. T., Muskingum co., 0?iio: 59 m. E. Co- 
lumbus. 

Adamsville, p. v., Crawford co,, Penn. : 216 m. N. "W. 
Harrisburg. 
Adamsville, p. v., Morgan co., Kf. : 98 m. E. FrankforL 
Adamsville, p. v., M'Kairy co., Tenn. : 119 m. 6. W. 
Nashville. 
Adamsville, p. v., Newport co., Ji. I. 
Adamsville, p. v., Washington co., 3^ Y. : 48 m. N. AV 
bany. 

Adaeio, p. v., Richland co., Ohio: 69 m. N. N. W. C<v 
lumbus. 

Addison county. Verm. Situate W. on Lake Cham- 
plain, and contains 724 sq. m. Drained by Otler er. and 
Mad and White rivers. Surface finely variegated by hill 
and dale. In the E. it is mountainous, and the soils good, 
especially those near the lake and rivers. A beautiful white 
marble is quarried at Middlebury. Wheat, Indian com, 
and potatoes are the chief products. Farms 2,292 ; manut 
157 ; dwell. 4,679, and pop.— wh. 25.426, fr. col. 103— total, 
26,649. CV/;>;to;; Middlebury. Public }\ or ke:Ilutiimd and 
Burlington R. R. 
Addison, p. v., Washington co., Wise. : 54 m. E. Madison. 
Addison, p. v., Du Page co., PI. : 163 m. N. W. Spring- 
field. 

Addison, t and p. v.. Steuben co., IT. Y. : on Canisteo r., 
179 m. W. S.W.Albany. Pop. 3,721. 

Addison, p. v., Gallia co., Ohio: on Ohio r., 89 m. S. E. 
Columbus. 

Addison, t. and p. v., Somerset co., Penn. : on the Youghl- 
ogeny r., 2 m. from State line, and 183 m. W. S. W. Harris- 
burg. 

Addison, L and p. t., Addison co.. Verm, : near Lake 
Champlain, and 46 ra. W. N. W. Monlpelier. Pop. 1,279 
Addison Point, p. o., Washington co., Jfe. 



ADE 



ALA 



Adeline, p. v., Oglo co., III. : on Leaf r., a tributary of 
Rock r., 179 m. N. Sprin^lleld. 

Adell, p. v., and cap. Dallfia co., la. : on Kaccoon cr. of 
Des Moines r., 132 m. W. Iowa City. 

Adelimii, p. v., Uoss CO., Ohio: on a cr. of Scioto r., 37 
m. S. .S. W. Ci>liimbua. 

Adirondack, p. v., Essex co., N. T.: near the sources of 
Adirondack r., 1,800 feet above the ocean, and fiimoas for 
the deposits of magnetic iron ore in its vicinity ; 95 m. 
N. N. W. Albany. 

AnritoNDACK mountains, K. T.: a. cluster of mountains 
S. W. of Lake Champlain. Mt. Marcy, one of the peaks, is 
5,467 feet high, and Ihere arc others ranging from 3,000 to 
5,000 feet. In general altitude they arc little interior to the 
White Mountains of New IJampshiro, and, like them, abound 
with the most magnificent scenery. 

Adirondack river, N. Y. : one of the head branches of 
the Hudson r., rising in the Adirondack mts. It is about 20 
miles long, and flows tlirough lakes Henderson and San- 
rord, which are 1,900 feci above the ocean. 

Admiralty Inlet, Oreg. : an inlet or natural canal of 
Tngct's Sound, in the N. W. part of the Territory, and 
emptying into the Straits of San Juan de Fuca. 

Adolpii, p. v., Chatham co., Ji. Car. 

Adrian, p. v., and cap. Lenawee co., J//M. ; at the junc- 
tion of Reaver cr. and Kaisin r., and on the Southern K. It., 
86 m. S. E. Lansing. It is a flourishing village, with sev- 
eral mills and factories. Two newspapers arc' issued, the 
" Watch-Tower,'' weekly, and the " Family Favorite," 
monthly. Pop. of t. 3,009. 

Adriance. p. v., Dutchess co., A'! Y.: on the Hopewell 
Betllemcnt, 79 m. S. Albany. 

Agamenticus mountain, Jfe.: three elevations in York 
CO., 4 m. from the sea, and a noted landmark. The high- 
est summit has an elevation of 673 feel. 



Agawaji, p. v., Hampden co.. Mass. : on \V. side of Con- 
necticut r., 74 m. W. Boston. It has several mills and fac* 
lories. 

Agency City, p. v., Wapello co., la. : 61 m. S. W. Iowa 
City. 

Agnew'8 Mills, p. o., Venango co., Penn. : 16S m. N. W. 
Harrisburg. 

Ai, p. v., and cap. Fulton co., Ohio: 132 m. N. W. Co- 
lumbus. 

Aid. t and p. v., Lawrence co., Ohio : on Symmes cr., 
93 m. S. S. W. Columbus. Pop. SS4. 

Aiken, p. v., Barnwell dist., S. Car. : on S. side Shaw's 
cr. of Edisto r., 54 m. S. W. Columbia, and on the hne of 
the S. Car. ii. U., 120 m. W. Charleston. Pop. SOO. 

Aikin's Stori!, p. o., Montgomery co., ArJc. : 67 m. W. S. 
W. Little Rock. 

Air Mount, p. o., Clark co., Ala. : 102 m. W. S. W. Mont- 
gomery. 

Akron, p. v., Erie co., K Y. : on Muddy cr., 264 m. W. 
Albany. 

Akron, p. v., and cap. Summit co., Ohio: on Little Cuy- 
ahoga r., at the junction of the Ohio and Erie, and Ohio 
and Pennsylvania Canals, and at the terminus nf the Akron 
branch of Pittsburg and Cleveland R. R. The vilKige has 
nunienius industrial estublishraenls and considerable trade. 
Two newspapers, the "Summit Beacon," and the "Free 
Democratic Standard," are issued weekly. Pop. 3,226. 

Alaraal/^, t. and p. v., Genesee co., N. Y. : 240 m. W. Al- 
bany, on Tonawanda cr., which, in the N. W. part of the 
town, furnishes a feeder to the Eric Canal. Pop, 2,0.54. 

Alabama river, Ala. : is formed by the union of the 
Coosa and Tallapoosa, and flowing S. W., it unites with 
Tombigbee r., forming Mobile r., 4S m. above Mobile Bay.^ 
It afTorils. in connection with its branches, a great line of 
interior navigation. 



THE STATE OF ALABAMA. 

Alabama is bounded on the north by Tennessee, on the east by Georgia and Florida, on the south by Florida and the 
Gulf of Mexico, and on the west by Mississippi, and extends generally between latitudes 31*^ and 35° north, and lonci- 
ludes 85° 10' and 83° 31' west from Greenwich, or 8° OS' and 11^ 29' from Washington ; a narrow strip, however, extends 
south beyond the main body of the State between Florida and Mississippi, reaching the Gulf of Mexico, which it strikes in 
about 300 10'. Its length from north to south, exclu<ling the strip of land above mentioned, is 22S miles, and its breadth 
varies lYom 146 miles on the north line to 210 on the south line; and the area of the State is 50,722 square miles. 

The north-eastern part of Alabama, being traversed by several ridges of the Alleghanies, which terminate in this Stal^, 
is decidedly mountainous, but presents nowhere any consideral.ile elevations. South of this mountain region the surface 
has a general declivity toward the Gulf of Mexico, first descending gradually from mountains to high hills, and then 
sinking to a vast plain, scarcely broken except by gentle swells; and the more southern portion is a dead level, but little 
above the water surface of the ocean. The southern half of the State consists of extensive prairies and pine-barrens, 
interspersed with alluvial river bottoms of great fertility ; and the lands of the centre and north are generally covered with 
a good if not a very rich and productive soil. Inlhe valley of the Tennessee, which occupies so large an area in the northern 
part of Uie State, alluvion is the prevailing formation ; and the rich bottom-lands of this region are extensive, aud form 
one of the richest agricultural districts within the limits of the State. 

With the exception of the Tennessee, which takes a circular sweep through Northern Alabama, but receives no con- 
siderable tributary on its southern side, all the rivers flow into the Gulf of Mexico : nearly the whole surface, indeed, is 
drained into one single channel, the Mobile River, which by several large arms gathers up tlie waters of the whole south- 
ern slope, except those of a comparatively small tract in tho south-east. The Chattahoochee although a large stream, and 
washing the eastern border for more than a humlred miles, receives only a few inconsidcralde streams from this State ; 
and the Choctawhatchce, Conecuh, and Pordido are, in point of sizo, secondary rivers. The Moljile, the great river 
of Alabama, is formed by the junction of two large rivers, the Alabama and Tombigbee, 50 miles above Mobile Bay. A 
few miles below its junction it gives out a large branch, called the Tcnsaw, which receives also an arm from tho Alabama, 
and reaches Mobile Bay at Blakely. The Tombigbee, or Western Branch of the Mobile, is forme<l by the confluence of two 
large streams, the Tombigbee Proper from Mississippi, and tlie Black Warrior from Northern Alabama. It admits ves- 
sels drawing five or six feet of water to St. Stephens, 93 miles from the bay, and steamboats to Tuscaloosa, on the Black 
Warrior. 285 miles, and to Columbus, on the Tombigl>ee Proper, in Mississippi, about 300 miles. The length of this river, 
by its tortuous channel, is about -t50 miles, and it is boatablo almost to its sources. The Alabama, or Eastern Branch, ia 
navigable for vessels of six feet draft to Claibonie, GO miles above its junction with tho Tombigbee ; 150 miles farther, to 
the mouth of the Cahawba, it has four or five feet of water, and to (he junction of the Coosa and Tallapoosa, of which it 
is formed, it has in the shallowest parts three feet of water. Steamboats ascend it to Montgomery, 300 miles by the course 
of the river, and even to Wetumi)ka. on the Coosa, several miles aljove. The Coosa and Tallapoosa both have their rise 
in Georgia- The navigation of all these rivers, however, is interrupted durins the season of low water in the summer 
months, and at best affords only a precarious means of trani^port for merchandise. 

The sea-coast of Alabama extends only from the Perdido to the western line of the State, a distance of some TO miles, 
but it contains Mobile Bay, one of the largest and deepest basins on the Gulf, and the great outlet of the navigable wa- 

3 £3 



ALABAMA. 



ter3 of tlie State. - This fine sheet of water 13 about 80 miles long, and from three to 18 miles broad, and the main on 
trance lias 15 feet of water at low tide, but vessels of more than eight or nine feet draft cannot approach nearer than 10 
or 11 miles from Mobile City^ except at high water. Smaller vessels may go hence to New Orleans by an inland chan- 
nel through Pascagoula Sound, a long, narrow lagoon, lying between a range of low sand-islands and the mainland. 
Perdido Bay, on the south-eastern edge of the State, is of little consequence to commerce, and is, moreover, diflicult of 
access, on account of the sand-bars and islands which block ita entrance to the sea. 

Alabama has great mineral resources. The whole central region is underlaid with vast bc^ls of iron ore, or occupied 
by coal measures of great thickness and extent. The coal found hero is of a highly bituminous character, and well 
adapted for steamboats and factories, and being in Juxtaposition with the iron ores, will greatly facilitate the progress of 
mining industry. The country in this region is also well wooded, fertile, and easily attained from all directions, and in 
the succession of events must eventually become of great importance to the whole South. Blooineries and rolling mills, 
with other establishments for manufacturing iron, have already been erected, and the products of these have become 
both extensive and valuable. The principal seats of these operations are on the Cahawba and Coosa rivers. Besides 
coal and iron, Alabama yields lead ore, manganese, several descriptions of ochres, limestone, and marbles, and in the 
north-eastern section gold in considerable quantities has been collected. Lead ore, or galena, is found in the limestone 
formation, chiefly in Benton County : it is a pure sulphuret and graiudar, closely attached to the rock, and passes it in 
irregular bunches. The carbonate is also found, and in its neighborhood there are veins of calx spar and sulphate of 
barytes. Manganese occurs also in the limestone region, and has been used in the manufacture of chloride of lime. The 
ochres occur chiefly near Bucksville, and the red ochre found here is sufficiently rich to be used as an ore of iron. The 
marbles found in this State occur most plentifully on the Cahawba, and many of the beds aflbrd specimens of great 
beauty: some are gray, with red veins; others are red and yellow, and specimens with greenish veins are not uncom- 
mon. There is also a buff-eolored marble, tilled with organic remains, and beds of white crystalline marble, clouded 
with red, occur. BKack marble is also abundant. The compactness and thickness of these formations are such .as to 
elicit a favorable opinion of their value, and cause them to be looked upon with great interest in connection with the 
industrial resources of the State. The resources of Alabama, however, have never been thoroughly examined ; but 
there can be little doubt, taking the present knowledge of its mineral deposits as an index, that the researches now being 
instituted, will result in l\irther and more valuable disclosures of a vast wealUi of mineral within its borders, and be the 
means of placing the State in the flrst rank of mmeral-producing districts. 

The soil, climate, and vegetation of Alabama vary with the position and elevation of its several parts. In the north, 
where mountain is tho prevailing feature, the soil is but moderately fertile, but in the intervales there is much that cannot 
be excelled. Tho climate is here moderate, and the vegetation hardy ; it is the region of the cereals, and a flue grazing 
country. The central parts of this State, less elevated and undulating, are well watered, and in the river-bottoms the 
land is extremely rich and productive. The valley of the Alabama is one of the most fertile regions of the Union. In 
the south the climate is very warm, the soils rich, but with great exceptions, and the principal growths of a tropical char- 
acter. The sugar-cane has been found to succeed well in the extreme southern strip between Florida and Mississippi, 
and Indigo was formerly raised in considerable quantities ; rice, also, grows well in the alluvial bottoms near the Gulf; 
but cott<TO, which thrives throughout the State, is the great agricultural staple. The natural growths and animals are in 
nn way different from thoso of the neighboring Slat«s on the Gulf of Mexico. The most common of animals is the deer, 
and the country abounds in turkeys, partridges, geese, ducks, and various other species of smaller game ; and flsh in 
al)und.ance may he taken in the rivers and Imys. 

Alabama was comprised within the liiiiils of Georgia until 1S02, when that State ceded her lands west of Chattahoochee 
river to the United States; and in 1S17 Alabama was separated from Mississippi, and erected into a Territory; in 1S20 
it W.1S admitted into the Union as an independent State. In ISIO the population was scarcely 10,000, but since then its 
growth hits been extremely rapid, there having been a constant tide of immigration, chiefly planters, from the Atlantic 
States, In 1S20 it contained 127,901 inhabitants; in 1S.30, 3(19,527; in 1S40, 690,756; and in 1S50, 771,071, of which 
426 5»7 were white persons, 2,272 free colored, and 842,892 slaves. 

In 1850 the State was divided into two districts, the " Northern" and the " Southern." The Xort/t^rn Dintrk-t com- 
prise<l the counties of Benton, Blount, Cherokee, De Kalb, Fayette, Franklin, Hancock, Jackson, JefTerson, Lauderdale, 
Lawrence, Lewistown, Madison, Marion, Marshall, Morgan, St Clair, and "Walker : and the Southern- District, the coun- 
ties of Autauga, Baldwin, Barbour, Bil)b, Butler, Chambers, Choctaw, Clarke, Coffee, Conecuh, Coosa, Covington, Dale, 
Dallas, Green, Henry, Lowndes, Macon, Marengo, Mobile, Monroe, Montgomery, Perry, Pike, Pickens, Eandolph, lius- 
sell, Shelby, Sumter, Talladega, Tallapoosa, Tuscaloosa, Wilcox, and Washington. The IS counties in the north con- 
tained 214,666 inhabitants, of which 151,690 were whites, 495 free colored, and 62,481 slaves ; and the 84 counties in the 
south, 657,005, of which 274,817 were whites, 1,777 free colored, and 280,411 slaves. Deaf and dumb, in the whole 
Slate. 211 ; blind, 308 ; insane, 245, and idiotic, 505. 

Alabama is principally engaged in agricultural pursuits ; but it has also an increasing manufacmring interest, and a 
flourishing commerce. Its prmcipal agricultural staples are cotton and sug.ar ; and its chief manufactures are coarse 
cQtton fabrics, iron, machinery, agricultural implements, carriages, etc. The statistics of its various interests in 1S50 
were as follows : 

Occupied Landa, <*;.— Improved lands, 4,4.35,614 acres, and unimproved, 7,702,067 acres, valued at $61,323,224. 
Number of farms. 41,904. Value of farming implements and machincrj-, *5,125.603. 

Jj/m Stock.— Worses, 120,001; asses and mules, 59,S95; milch cows, 237,291; working oxen, 66,961; other cattle, 
4.3B,26S ; sljecp, 371,880 ; and swine, 1,904,540— valued at $21,690,112. 

/•/•oAiofa.— Wheat, 294.044 bushels; rye, 17,261; Indian com, 28,754,045; oats, 2.905,697; barley, 3,95S ; buckwheat, 
348; peas and beans, 892,701 ; Irish potatoes, 246,001; sweet potatoes, 6.475,204 bushels; rice, 2,311.232 pounds; tobac- 
co, 164,990 pounds ; ginned cotton, 564,429 bales of 400 pounds; hay, 82,635 tons; clover seed, 138 bushels, .and other 
grass seed,.54T ; hops, 276 pounds; water-rotted hemp, 70 tons; flax, 3,841 pounds; flaxseed, 67 bushels; maple sugar, 
043 pounds; cane sugar, 8,242 hogsheads of 1,000 pounds ; molassea, S.3,428 gallons ; wine, 220 gallons; value of products 
of orchard, $15,10S, and of market-gardens, *34,821 ; beeswax and honey, 897,021 pounds; silk cocoons, 167 poun.ls; 
wool, 657,118 pounds; butter, 4,008,811, and cheese, 31, 412 pounds; and the value of animals slaughtered, $4,823485. 
Home-made manufactures were valued at $1,934,120. 

il/ti.Ki;/«c«i<;'e«.— Aggregate c!ipit.il invested, $00,000,000 ; value of raw material, fuel, etc., consumed, $00,000,000; 
average number of hamis employed, 00,000— males, 00,000, and females, 00,000; average monthly cost of male labor, 
84 



ALABAMA. 



$OiJ(J,OuO, and of female labor, $00,000; annual valih? of products, $00,000,000. The whole luiinbcr of manufacturing 
eBlablishments, producing to the value of $oOO ami upward annually, was 1,022 — in the north, 341, and in ilie south, 6S1: 
and of these, 12 were cotton factoriea, using 5,208 bales of cotton ; 10 were engaged in manufacturing eastings, 3 in 
the manutacture of pig-iron, and 1 in that of wrought iron. Capital employed in cotton factories, $G5l,900; value of all 
raw material, $237,0S1; average number of haiKis — 345 males, and 369 females; wages, per month — to males, $4,053, 
and to females, $2,94G; value of products for the year, $382,260, the products being 3,081,000 yards sheeting, etc., and 
790,000 lbs. yam. Capital employed in cast-iron manufacture. $2I(>,625 ; value of raw material, $102,085 ; hands emiiloyed, 
212, at average wages $30 05 per month ; castings made, 1,915 tons ; value of all products, $2*1,126. The other depart- 
ments of iron making— the manufactures of pig iron and wrought iron are comparatively insignificant ; of the first, 522 
Ions were manufactured; and of the latter, 100 tons during the year. The remaining branches of the industrial pursuits 
of Alabama are generally such as are required in an agricultural countrj'. In Mobile, and some of tho larger interior 
towns, however, there are large mechanic and machine shops, carriage factories, etc. 

Foreign Conimcfce and Niici-jiUMti — Ec'ports. — Domestic produce, in American vessels, $4,601,515, and in foreign 
vessels, $5,943,;i4;5, or a total of $10,544,853. ImporU — in American vessels, $108,134, and in foreign vessels, $75T,22S, or 
a total of $S65,362. Shipping employed in the foreign carrying trade : Entrances, 152 vesscJs, and 96,020 tons, with 
crews of 4,284 men, and 217 boys; of whieli, 40 vessels and 11.914 tons, with crews of 431 men and 13 boys, American ; 
and, Charances, 1S2 vessels, and 112,985 tons, with crews of 4.639 men and 281 boys — of which, 76 vessels, and 32.2GS 
tons, with crews of 933 men and 41 boys, American. Mobile is the only port open to the foreign tirade. Shipping 
owned within the state, 24,157 tons — of which, 1,405 tons, is registered "permanent," and 5,998 tons registered "tempo- 
rary;" 16,003 tons is enrolled and licensed "permanent," and 751 tons is "licensed under 20 tons." The shipping 
navigated by steam is 12,028 tons, chiefly employed on the rivers. During the year, three schooners of 113 tons were 
built. The following table will exhibit the movement of foreign commerce in th-is Stale, from ISIS to ISol : 



Years, Ejports. 

ISIS $96,857 . 



Impnrts. 



1819 50.906 

1S20 96,636 ■ 

3S21 108.960 

1S23 209,743 36,421 

1S23 200,387 125,770 

1S24 460.727 91.604 

1825 092,635 118.411 

1S26 1,527,112 179,554 

1827 1,376,364 201,909 

1823 1,182,559 171,909 



Yenrs Exports. Import*". 

1S29 Jl ,693.958 $233,720 

1S30 2.294,9»1 144,S23 

1S31 2,413,894 224,435 

1S32 2,736,387 107,787 

1S.33 2,527,961 265,918 

1834 5,670,797 895,301 

1S35 7,674.692 525,955 

1S36 11,184,106 651,618 

1837 9,671,401 609,3S5 

1838 9,088,244 524,548 

1839 



rears. 
18J0 . 
1S41 . 
1843 . 

1843 . 

1844 . 
1W5 . 

1846 . 

1847 . 

1848 . 

1849 . 
18,50 . 



ExjiOrU. Imports. 

..$12,854,694 $574,6,51 

.. 10,981.271 530,819 

. . 9,905,675 863,871 

. . 11,157,460 800,655 

, . 9,907,654 442,818 



. 5,260,817 259,007 

, 9,054,580 390,101 

. 11.927,749 419,396 

. 12,823,725 0.57.147 

. 10,544.858 80.1,303 



Internal Trade and Communication, — The grenter part of Alabama as yet depends on wagons over common earlh 
roads, for Ihe transportation of its productions and supplies ; and tliose places distant from tlie rivers and railroads are 
consequently almost isolated from tlie commerci.al world. The river navigation, Iiowover, is extensive, in its various 
courses measuring at least 2,000 miles. Tho great body of the products of Ihe .State find their way to Mobile, tlie commer- 
cial emporium ; some arc shipped by the Chattahoochee, for Ap.alaehieola, and 'some — but in a smaller degree — by Ten- 
nessee Elver, to the Ohio, whence they arc conveyed to New Orleans by the Mississippi, or by way of the Illinois fanal 
and the great lakes to a northern market. The cotton crop, passing in these various channels, may be estimated at one 
seventh the wht)le by the Chattahoochee, one sixteenth by the Tennessee, and the remainder by the system of rivers 
centering at Mobile Bay. The progress of the State in building railroads is .as yet limited ; the great line from Mobile to the 
Ohio Kiver is completed witliin Alabam.a, and is progressing in Mississippi ; the Tuscumbia and Decatur Eailroad. now 
merged into the Charleston and Memphis Kailroad, crosses the State in the north; the Alabama and Tennessee Itiver 
Eailroad, 209 miles long, extends from Selma to Guntersville ; the ilontgomery and West Point Railroad is 80 miles long, 
and there are several other important lines chartered, and some in progress : these have been of comparatively small benertt 
as yet, but when opened for commerce, and their exterior connections built, the elTect they will have in stimulating pro- 
duction and consumption, will be felt in every direction — the latent mineral wealth of the State will be disentombed, the 
fine cotton lands on the rivers will bo entered and cultivateil, mechanic trades will be demanded everywhere, and the 
whole country will experience a beneflcial eliange in its material welfare. Besides these avenues of commerce, Alabama 
has two canals, the " Muscle Shoals Canal," and the " Ifuntsville Canal ;" the former 35} miles long from Kl->rence, along 
the north bank of the Tennessee, and designed to overcome the obstruction caused by the shoals ; and tho latter extend- 
ing from Triana on the Tennessee, \& miles, to Iluntsville. 

Banks.— In Janu.ary, 1850, there was one bank in the State— the Bank of the State of Ala1>ama— with branches at tho 
principal points. Its aggregate condition, as published in the General Bank returns by the Federal Government, is 
exhibited in the following figures : Assets— \o^m and discounts, $2,116,591 ; stocks, $71,018 : real estate, $152.601 ; other 
investments, $1,229,201 ; due by other banks, $928,209 ; notes of other banks, 16,029, and specie. $1,307,892 ; and Uahiti. 
Wfl«— capital, $1,51X1,000; circulation, $2,555,863; deposits, $1,216,819; due other banks, $30,740; and other liabilities, 
$895,124. 

Governm^ent. — The Constitution provides that everj' white male citizen of the United States twenty-one years of age, 
a resident of the State one year, and in the county, city, or town three months next preceding, may vote for the election of 
.all constitutional officers. The executive pow-er is vested in a Governor, who is chosen by a plurality of votes for two years ; 
he must be at least thirty years of age, a citizen of the United States, and have resided in the State four years. The 
General Assembly consists of a Senate and I [ouse of Representatives : the Senate of .38 members, elected for four years, 
one half biennially, .and the House of 100 members, elected for two years. The qualifications extend only to age and res- 
idence. The ^^embly meets in Montgomery on the second Mond.ay in November every second year, coiTimcncino' 
1827. The .Judiciary consists of a Supreme Court, with a Chief .Tustice and two associate Justices, a Reporter, Attorney 
General, and Clerk; a Court of Chancery, with separate chancellors for the three districts of the State; nine Circuit 
Courts, each with a Judge., Solicitor, etc. ; County, or Probate Courts, etc. The judges of the Supreme and Chancery 
Courts arc elected by joint vote of both houses of the legislature for sLx years The Supreme Court has appellate juris- 

85 



ALA 



ALB 



diction only, and holds its sessions at the capital, annually, on the first Monday of January and June, for the hearing 
and determining points of kiw taken by appeal or writ of error from the Chancery, Circuit, and Probate Courts. The 
volumes of reported decisions arc 37 in number. For chancery legislation the State is divided into 3 Divisions and 37 
Districts, in each of which at least one court is held annually. Circuit courts have jurisdiction in all civil and criminal 
cases in the State, and hold two sessions (spring and fall), in each county annually. In Mobile county criminal jurisdic- 
tion has been transferred to the Special City court of Mobile, which holds three terms each year, and bus concurrent 
jurisdiction with the Circuit Courts, except in real actions. The judges of probate are also clerks of the court and re- 
gbters of deeds dt their respective counties. 

Alabama, under the >aw regulating the distribution of Eepresentatives to Congress, has a delegation of seven members. 

Finmices.— On the 31st December, 1849, the foreign debt of the State amounted to $6,693,835 9S, and the domestic debt 
to 11,84.^,220 99— total debt $S,5;59,109 97. The annual liabilities of the State art— Interest on debt $418,627 70, and the 
estimated current expenses of the government $97,678 — total $516,305 70. The immediate means of the treasury on the 
Ist Nov., 1S49, -were— balauce from former dales $5;3S.792 44, taxes f.>r 1850 $4S7.9&7 43. and interest on $l,100,(tOO U. S. 
6 percent, stock owned by the State $66,000 — total $1,092,779 92, from which deduct annual disbursements, and the 
balance will be $596,474 22, of which $438,016 is the amount of notes of the State bank in the treasury. The real balance 
then is $178,458 22, which sum is morever liable for $60,000, appropriated for the rebuilding of the State House, burnt in 
Dec., 1S49. The State has resources besides the V. S. stock, and the treasury balance above alluded to, amounting to 
$1,766,907 64, its interest in the State bank, etc., all which may be aj)plied to the discharge of the public debt. 

lieligious Denomimitiwh-i. — The statistics of the principal denominations, according to their own returns in ISoO, were 
OS follows : Tri'sbyterians, 85 churches, 52 ministers, and 4,280 members ; Protestant Episcopal, IS churches, 23 ministers, 
^nd 718 members; Methodist Episcopal, 573 ministers, and 48,091 members; Baptists, 516 churches, 302 ministers, and 
^6,421 members ; Koman Catholics, 11 churches, 20 ministers, and 9,000 members, etc. The Protestant Ej)iscopal Church 
s under tlie Bishop of Alabama, and the Roman Catholic Church under the Bishop of Mobile, the see of the latter 
ncluding also West Florida. Besides these, the minur churches are all more or less in existence. 

Education. — Alabama has not been unmindful of the education of its citizens, and has many highly efficient educa- 
iional establishments. Besides its primary and common schools, academies, etc., which are comparatively numerous, 
'here are the University of Alabama, at Tuscaloosa, founded in 1S33 ; La Grange College, founded in 1830 ; Spring Hill 
College, founded in 1830 ; Howard College, at Marion, founded in 1841, and others of various distinction. The Univer- 
•ity had in 1S50, 9 teachers, 107 alumni, of which 16 were ministers, and 91 students— and a library of 7.123 volumes; 
the college at La Grange had 6 teachers, 111 alumni, and 70 students — and a library of 3,700 volumes: the college at 
Spring Hill had 12 teachers and 70 students — and a librarj' of 4,000 ; and Howard College had 5 teachers and 70 students — 
and a library of 2,4.")0 volumes. At Marion is also located the Howard Theological Institution, under Baptist auspices, 
and there are Law and Medical Schools attached to the University. 

Pei'iodU-al Press. — The whole number of periodicals published in Alabama is 61, of which 21 are whig and 23 dem- 
ocratic in their policy, and 18 are devoted to literature, science, religion, etc. ; 6 are issued daily, 4 tri-weekly, 1 semi- 
weekly, 49 weekly, and 1 semi-monthly. The circulation of the daily papers is in the aggregate 9,177 copies; of the tri- 
weekly 550 copies; of the semi-weekly — copies; of the weekly 24,120 copies, and of the semi-monthly 750 copies — 
making in the aggregate about 4,230,441 copies annually. 

MoNTGouEBY Ls the State capital. 



Alachua county, Flo\ Situate E. centraUy, and contains 
about 1,800 sq. m. Surface varied, but mostly level, and 
drained by head sources of Santa F6 r. and other streams. 
There are several lakes in the S. and E. portions, which 
communicate with St. John's r. Soil highly congenial to 
all Southern staples. Farms 233; dwell. 274, and pop. — 
wh. 1,617, fr. col. 1, si. 906— total, 2,524. Capital: New- 
nansville. 

Alaouua savannah, Fl<yr.: situate N. "W., in E. Flor., 
and comprises a fine savannah, about 50 m. in circumfer- 
ence, without a tree or bush, but encircled with hills, cov- 
ered with forests and orange groves on a very rich soil. 
The ancient Alachua Indian town stood on the borders of 
this savannah, but the Indians removed on account of tlie 
unhealthiness of the locality. 

Ai-afedon, p. v., Ingham co., MieJi.: on a or. of Grand 
r., 12 m. S. E. Lansing. Pop. 420. 

Alamo, p. v., Montgomery eo., Ind.: on a branch of 
Sugar cr., 42 m. W. N. W. Indianapolis. 

Alajio, L and p. v., Kalamazoo co., J/u'/t. ; on a cr. of 
Kalamazoo r., 46 m. W. S. W. Lansing. 

Alamodi:, i>. o., Peyuolds co., Mo. : 118 m. S. S. E. Jef- 
ferson City. 

Alamutciia, p. v., Lauderdale co., Miss. : 92 m. E. Jack- 
son. 

Alantiius Gbove, p. o., Gentry co., Mo.: 161 m. N. Vt'. 
Jefferson City. 

Alai'aha, p. v., Lowndes co., Ga.: 210 m. S. Milledge- 
vUle. 

Al-vpaha river, Oa. : a branch of Suwannee r., rising in 
Dooly CO.. and having a S. E. and S. course to the junction 
n Hamilton co., Flur. : it is navigable for boats throughout 
ttfl whole length of 112 m. 
86 



Alaqtja, p. v., Walton, CO., Flor. : on a cr. so called, tl4 
m. W. Tallahassee. 

Alarka, p. v., Macon co., K Car. : 276 m. W. S. W. Ea- 
leigh. 

Alatamaha river, Ga.: a navigalile stream, formed by 
the union of the Ockmulgee and Oconee rivers. After a 
course of about 100 m. from the junction, flowing in a gentle 
stream through forests and plains, it empties through sev- 
eral mouths into Alatamaha Sound, 60 m. S. W. of Savan- 
nah, and thence passes to the Atlantic Ocean. It is navi- 
gable on both branches for about 300 m. for boats of 30 tons. 
The bar at the mouth has 14 feet of water at low tide. 

Alatamaua sound, Ga. : an arm of the Atlantic, which 
receives the Alatamaha r. It contains a number of beauti- 
ful islands, which arc celebrated for the production of the 
long staple cotton called Sc^ Island cotton. 

Aliia, p. v., Bradford co., Pe^in. : 108 ra. N. by E. Har- 
risbnrg. 

Albany county, N. Y. Situate N. centrally on Hutlson 
r., and contains 515 sq. m. Drained by Nornianskill, 
Vlamanskill, Haivankrauskill. and Coeyman's cr. : the Mo- 
hawk lies on the N. border. Surface uneven — in some 
places hilly : soils n»ostly sandy, but near the rivers highly 
fertile. Iron, limestone, etc., abound, and there are sul- 
phur springs. Farms 2,903 ; manuf. 393 ; dwell. 12,747, and 
|)op.— wh. 92.110, fr. col. 1.1G9— total, 93,279. Ci/pitt'l: Al- 
bany. Puhlic Works : Champlain Canal ; Albany and 
Schenectady 11. R. ; Albany and Bingbampton R. R. ; cx- 
ten3ive docks, etc 

Aliiany, p. city and cap. Albany co., K. K, and legisla- 
tive capital of the State of New Yurk : on W. side Hudson 
r., 376 m. N. X. E. Washington, hit. 42° S9' (3" N., long. 
30 16' 59" E. from Washington, or 73'^ W 49" W. from 



ALB 



ALB 



Greenwicli. Pop. 59.T71. The portion of tho city on the 
river is built on a low flat, but beyond this the surface 
rise-3 ntpidly to an elevation of about 300 feet. The older 
part of the town is irregularly hiid out, and several of the 
streets are narrow. The newer portions, however, are spa- 
cious and handsonio, and contain fine shops and dwelling- 
houses. The public buildings, except the Exchange, are 
located on the heights, and have a eommandinn; position, 
overlooking the vicinity. Among these, the Capitol, State 
House, and City Hall, are the most conspicuous. The 
Capitol is a large stone building, 115 feet long and 90 broad, 
fronting east on a fine park. It contains accommodations 
for the Senate and Assembly, the State Library, and nu- 
merous apartments for the use of the government. Tho 
St.tte House, a fine marble building, is situate on the E. 
side of the Park square, and accommodates the executive 
and adminislralive officers of the State ; and the City Hall, 
an edifice of similar material, also on the same side of the 
Park, contains the municipal offices. The Exchange is a 
large granite building at the foot of State-street. The oth- 
er public bnildings are the Albany Academy, the Medical 
College, the State Normal School, and numerous benevo- 
lent and literary institutions. The old State House, on the 
S. side of State-street, is now used as a depository for the 
geological collection made by the State surveyors. Tho 
city contains between CO and 70 churclies. of various de- 
nominations, many of which are substantial and elegant 
structures; the streets are well lighted with gas, and wa- 
ter is supplied through iron pipes. 

There are five daily papers issued in Albany, namely, the 
"Argus" (dem.), the "Evening Jom-nal" (whig), the "At- 
las" (dem.), the "SUte F.egister" (whig), and the "Ex- 
press" (neutral) ; and the four first of these issue also 
weekly editions. The " Knickerbocker," the "Dutchman," 
and the "Freeholder," are issued weekly; these are neu- 
tral in politics, and devoted chiefly to general nows and lit- 
erature. All these papers are ably conducted, and enjoy a 
wide reputation. 

The manufactures of Albany are extensive and various: 
it has numerous iron works, carriage faetxtrics, tjiie foun- 
deries, oil-cloth factories, sawing and planing machines, 
malting houses, and has long been famous for Us breweries. 
The Irade of the city is also large, and its eomiiHTcial con- 
nections with the north and west give empliiymeut to 
thousands nf its inhabitants, as mcrcliants, store-keepers, 
laborers, etc. 

Albany is the chief entrepot of a vast internal commerce : 
its situation for such a purpose is unsurr>assed. The Hud- 
eon washes its shores, and it has connection by canal with 
Lake Chaniplain, a long line of interior counties, and with 
the Great Wcpt through Buflalo. Kailroads also extend 
hence to all points, and collect and distribute many million 
dollars' worth of property annually. Tlie railroads center- 
ing at Albany are the Hudson liiver U. R., the Harlem 
Extension R. 11., the Western, ft-om Bostttn. several others 
from the direction of Canada, the great northern chain ex- 
tending to Buffalo, and a line is about being built to Bing- 
hampton, on the Susqnehannah, which will open to the city 
the mineral treasures of Pennsylvania, and a large extent 
of fertile country inter\ening. 

In the season of navigation, there are also several daily 
lines of steamers to and from New York, and on an ave- 
rage 3,000 or 4,000 persons are daily carried between the 
two places, while innumerable sloops, canal boats, and tow- 
boats transport millions of tons of merchandize and pro- 
duce constituting tho material of its vast commerce. Al- 
bany was originally a trading post of ttic Dutch, and dates 
as such from 1C2-5. It was successively known as Beaver- 
wyk and Wilhelmstadt; but after the capitulation, in 1664. 
it obtained the name of Albany, in honor of the Duke of 
York and Albany, the proprietary of the colony. In 16S6 
it was chartered as a city. 

Alcast, p. v., Baker co., Ga. : on W. side of Flint r., 118 



m. S. S. W. MilledgoviUe. A brunch of the Brunswick and 
Florida IJ. K. from Thomasvilie to tins point is projected. 

Alra.ny, p. v., Whitcsides co., I/L: <»n E. bank of Mis- 
sissippi r., 13S m. N. N. W. Springfii-Ul. 

Albany, p. v., Delaware Qu.^hui.: nn Mississinewa r., 
60 m. N. E. Indianapolis. 

Albany, t. and p. o., <;'arroll co., N. ITamp.: on Swift r., 
52 m. N. by E. Concord. Pop. -155. 

Aluany, p. v., Caddo par. Im. : 19S m. N. W. Baton 
Rouge. 

Albany, p. v., and cap. Clinton co., Ky. : on Spring cr. 
of Obey's r., 116 m. S. Frankfort. 

Albany, p. v.. Green co., ITwc ; 82 m. S. S. W. Madison. 

Albany, t. and p. o.. Oxford CO., 3fe. : on Crooked r,, 4S 
ni. AV. Aiwgusta. p.i|i. 747. 

Albany, p. v., Tuscarawas co., Ohio: 86 m. E. by N. Co- 
lumbus. 

Albany, p. v.. Henry co., Tenn. : on S. fork of Obion c, 
92 m. W. Nashville. 

Albany, t. and p. o., Berks co., ren?i. : 56 m. E. by N. 
Harrisburg. 

Albany, t. and p. v.. Orleans co., Verm. : 83 m. N. by E. 
Montpelicr. Pop. 1,051. 

Albany, v., I.inu co., Oreg. Te}\ : on E. side of Willa- 
mette r., 20 m. S. Salem. 

Albemarle o«iunty, Virg. Situate centrally on the E. 
base of Blue Ridge, and contains 704 sq. m. James r. 
washes its southern border, and the interior is chiefly 
drained by Albemarle r. and the head waters of the Kivan- 
na. Surfao:? diversified, and the soils good. Wheat, In- 
dian corn, and tobacco are the chief jirodurls. Farms 935; 
manuf. 102 ; dwell. 2,022, and pop.— wh. 11,876, fr. col. 5S6, 
si. 13.838— total, 25,800. Capital: Charlottcville. PuUio 
Works : Virginia Central R. R. and James River CanaL 

Albemarle, p. v., Carroll co., Mi^a. : 87 m. N. by E. Jack- 
son. 

Albkmarle, p. v., and cap. Stanley co., X. Car. : SS m. 
W. by N, Kalcigh. 

Albemarle, p. v., Assumption par., La, : 46 m. S. by E. 
Baton Rouge. 

Albemarle sound, K Car. : an arm of the Atlantic, ox- 
tending 60 m. inland, and is from 4 to 15 m. wide, receiving 
the waters of Roanoke and Chowan rivers. It communi- 
cates with Chesapeake Bay by a canal through the Dismal 
Swamp, and with Pamlico Sound and the ocean, by nar- 
row inlets. 

Albertson's, p. o., Duplin co., K Car. : 69 m. S.E. Raleigh. 

Albia, p. v., and cap. Monroe co., la.: on a cr. of Dea 
Moines r., 78 m. S. W. Iowa City. 

Albion, p. v., and cap. Edwards co., I?L : 143 m. S. E. 
Springfield. Pop. ■; 

Albion, p. v., Providence co., !^. I. : IS m. W. Providence. 

Albion, p. v., and cap. Noble co,, IruL: on the N. side 
of Elkhart r., 120 m. N. N. E. Indianapolis. 

Albion, t. and p. o., Kennebec eo., Jf''. : 21 m. N. E. An- 
gusta. Pop. 1,604. 

Albion, t. and p. v., Dane co., Wise. ■ 2S m. S. E. Madison. 

Albion, t. and p. v., Calhoun co., 3fic?i. : at the junction of 
the forks of Kalamazoo r., and on the line of the Michigan 
Central i;. li.. 96 m. W. Detroit; it is a flourishing village, 
an<l has considerable trade. Pop. of 1. 1.666. 

Albion, p. v., and cap. Orleans co., K Y. : o . !■ rie ca- 
nal, 217 m. W. Albany. It contains a C. H., jail, nnd other 
CO. buildinfrs. and a convenient landing. The Rochester, 
Lockport, and Niagara Falls R. R. passes through the 
village. Tliroc newspapers arc issued weekly — the " Dem- 
ocrat," the " Republican." and the " American." Pop. 2,400. 

Albion, t. and p. v., Ashland eo., Ohio: 6S m. N. by E. 
Columbus. 

Albion, p. v., Erie Co., Penn. : 214 m. W.N. W. Ilarrisburg. 

ALBRionT's. p. o.,Des Moines CO., la.: 49 m. S.Iowa City. 

Albrightsville, p. v., Carbon co., Penn. : 70 m, N. E 
Harrisburg. 

87 



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Alditqi-kiujue. p. v., Bcmallillo co., 2f. Mex, : on E. side 
of Kio Grande, 76 ra. S. Sanla F6. 

Alburgii, t. and p. v., Grand Isle co., Venn. : on tbc 
Vermont Central K. E. Pop. 1,568. 

ALiiruGn peninsula, Venn. : a trian^Iar tona:uo of land, 
projecting from Canada into Lake Cliamplain. Tbc sur- 
face is low and level, and the soil fertile. The narrow wa- 
ters ditiding it from the mainland, are spanned by tine 
bridges to accommodate the railroads from the opposite 
shores, which here form a union. 

ALniTRcn Spkings. p. o., Grand Isle co., Venn. : a fa- 
mous mineral spring is found here, the waters of which are 
said to be cfficaeiotis in scroflilous aflfections. 

Alcona connty, 3Iich. Situate N. E. on Lake Huron, 
and contains 6S2 sq. m. Drained by Au Sable and Nene- 
lau rivers and their tributaries. A new co. since ISoO. 

Alcove, p. o.. Fond du Lac co., Wise : 80 m. N. E. Mad- 
iaon. 
Alden, p. v., M'Henry co., m. : 244 m. N. E. Springfield. 
Alden. t. :md p. v.. Erie c*:i.. X. Y. .- on a branch of Buf- 
falo cr., 254 m. W. Albany. Pop. 2,520. 

Aldenville, p. v., "Wayne co., Penn. : on a tributarj' of N. 
branch of Lackawaxen cr., 121 m. N. E. llarrisburn;. It 
contains a larje hemlock tannery, belonginor to the daughter 
of the Hon. Zadock Pratt, which employs a capital of 
;f200,000, and tans annually 50,000 sides of sole-leather. An 
extensive trade of lumber is carried en. Pop. about 4^0. 

Ar.T>ER Creek, p. o., Uneida co., A' V. : 106 m. W. N. W. 
Albany. 

Aldie, p. v., Loudon co., Virg. : on a branch of Goose 
cr.. i»S m. K. PJchmond. 

Aleet, p. v., Butler oo., Ohio: 9S m. "W. by 3. Colum- 
bus. 

Alexan-dek county, ni. Situate in the extreme S. on 
Mississippi r. at the junction of the Ohio, and contains 22i' 
sq. m. Drained by creeks flowing into the Mississippi and 
Cash rivers. Surface various : in the N. W. are imnH'n>'e 
bottoms backed by high blutfs, and in the E. prairies. Tin- 
S. portion is subject to overflow, and contains a large lake, 
called Horse-shoe Lake. Soils fertile and productive^ 
Farms 202 ; manuf. S ; dwell. 455, and pop.— wh. 2.4(U. fr. 
col. 20— lotal, 2,4S4. CapiUil : Thebes. Puhlic Works : 
Illinois Central li. K., and extensive embankments. 

Alexander eountv, K Car. Situate N. W. centrally, 
and oontain-s 420 sq. m. Drained by creeks tributary to 
Catawba and Yadkin rivers. Surface varied pleasiintlv. 
and soils of ordin.iry fertility. Farms ft^S; manuf. 4: dwell, 
S27, and pap.— wh. 4,653, fr. col. 24, si. 543— total. 5.2-2 . 
Capital: Taylorsville. 

Alexander lake, Coim.. : a small lake in Killingly town- 
ehip, one m. long and half a m. wide: called by the In- 
dians Mashapaug. It is very deep. 

Alexander, t, and p. v., Washmgton co., Mc>, : 12G m. K. 
by N. Augusta. Pop. ."44. 

Alexander, p. v., Burke co., Ga. : 92 m. l^Milledge- 
ville. 

Alexander, p. v., Putnam co., Virff. : 240 m. W. by N. 
riichrannd. 

Alexander, t. and p. v., Genesee co., 2f. Y.: on Buffalo 
and Pochester II. P.. 293 ra. W. Albany. Pop. 1,927. 

Alzxandersville, p. v., Montgomery CO., Ohio: on the 
Miami eanal, 42 m. W. S. W. Colombus. 

Alexandria county, Virff. Situate N. E. on Potomac r., 
and contains about 40 sq. m. This connty, until l-Ufi. torm- 
ed a portion of the District of Cf)lnmbia, Surface uneven, 
and soils generally thin. Farms 94; manuf. 89; dwell. 
1,4S4. and pop.— wh. 7.213, fr. col. 1,413, el. 1.3S2— total. 
10,O0S. Capital : A]e\a.ndTiii, Pi/Wic TFo/'As ; Chesapeake 
and Ohio Canal, and Orange and Alexandria R. R. 

Alexandria, p. v., and cap. liapides par. La.: on Red 
r., below the lower rapids. It contains a C. II., jail, and 
other CO. buildings, and has considerable trade, being t-lio 
great cotton depot uf the Red r. Two newspapers, the 



"Red River Republican," and the "Western Democrat," 
are issued weekly. Pop. 1,S76. 

Alexandria, p. v., Clark co., J/o. ; on the S. side Dos 
Moines r., 2 m. from its mouth, and 130 ra. N. b^'E. Jef- 
ferson City. 

Alexandria, t and p. o., Grafion co., A' Ifamj). : 29 ra. 
N, "VV. Concord. 

Alexandria, t and p. v., Jefferson co., Al }'. .- on St. 
Lawrence r., 166 m. N. W. Albany. 

Alexandria, p. v., Licking co. ?hio : 33 m. E. N. E. 
Columbus. Pop. 849. 

Alexandria, p. v., Iluntingdon co., Pe?in. : 86 m. \V. 
Harrisburg. Pop. 601. 

Alexandria, p. v.,De Kalb co., Te7i7i.: on a cr, of Cum- 
berland r., 42 m. E. Nashville. 

Alexanduia. p. city, sea-port, and cap. Alexandria co., 
Vtrff. : on Potomac r., 106 m. N. Richmond. The river ia 
here deep enough for the largest ships. The port has con- 
siderable commerce. Tonnage in 1S50, 3,7.33 tons. The 
Chesapeake and Ohio Canal terminates here — also the 
Alexandria and Orange R. R. The "Alexandria Gazette" 
is Issued daily and tri-weekly, and the " Southern Church* 
man," an Episcopal paper, weekly. Pop. 8,795. 

Alexandria, p. v., Benton co., Ala. : 5 m. S. W. Jack- 
sonville, and 98 m. N. by E. Montgomery. 

Alexandria, p. v., Madison co., Ind.: 42 m. N. N. E. 
Indianapolis. 

Alexandria, p. v., and cap. Campl>cll co., Ky.: 58 m. 
N. N. E. Frankfijrt. 

Alexandria Centre, p. o., Jefferson co., A^ 5'. ; 147 m. 
N. ^Y. Albany. 

Alexandbia>a, p. v^ Mechlcnburg co., AT Ca.r. : 132 m. 
"W. S. W. Raleigh. 

Alfont, p. v.. Madison co., /«(?. ; on Indianapolis and 
Bellefontaine R. R., 23 m. N. E. Indianapolis. 

Alford, t. and p. v., Berkshire co., Mass, : on Green r., 
112 m. W. Boston. 

Alfokdsville, p. v., Robeson co., K. Car. : 78 m. S. S. 
W. Raleigh. 

Alfred, t., p. v.. and cap. York co., Me, : on Mousum r., 
73 m. S. W. Augusta. 

Alfred, t. and p. v., Alleghany co., AT Y, : on Erie R. E., 
325 in. from Piermont, on Hudson r. Pop. 2,679. 

Aloiebs, p. v., Jefferson par.. La. : on tlie W. bank of the 
Mississippi, opposite New Orleans, The N. O. Opclousas and 
Texas li. R. has its E. terminus here. Belleville and Mac- 
doiiough adjoin it ; the whole neighborhood is well settled. 
Algansee, t. and p. v., Branch county, Midi, : 75 m. S, 
Lansing. Pop. 609. 

ALtioMA, t. and p. v., 'Winnebago county, Wise: SS m. 
N. N. E. Madison. Pop. 702. 

Ai.gonac, t. and p v., St, C'lair co., Mich. : 93 m. E. Lan- 
sing. 

Aluonqfin, p. o.. Houghton CO., Midi,: 365 m. N. "W. 
Lansing. 

ALGONyuLv, p. v., M'llenrj' co., JU, : on Fox r., 163 m. 
N. E. Springfield. 

ALHAMnRA, p. v., Madison CO., LU-. (formerly Lowry- 
ttlle) : 73 m. S. S. "W. Springfield. 

Aliance, v.. Stark co., Ohio: at the intersection of the 
Cleveland and Pittsburg, and the Ohio and Pennsylvania 
E. Es., 58 m. from Cleveland, and 62 from Pittsburg. 

Alida. p. v.. Stephenson co., III. : 6 m. W. Pokitonica r., 
an<i 161 N. Springfield. 

Alisonia, p. v.. Franklin co., Tenn,: at the head waters 
of Duck r., and on the line of the Nashville and Chattanoo- 
ga E. R., and also at tlie junction of the M'Minnville and 
Manchester R. K. 
Allamuciiy, p. v., Warren co., K, Jer. : 38 m. N. Trenton. 
Allandale, p. v., Uabcrsham co., Ga. : 98 m. N. Mil- 
led gcville. 

Allatoona, p. v., Cass co., Ga, : on a cr. of Etowah r. 
and loS m. N. W. MiUedgevUle. The Western and Atlan- 



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lie R. R. intersects it 32 m. from Atlanta, and 100 m. from 
CbatUmooga. 

Allegan county, 3lich. Situate W. on Lake Michigan, 
and contains S3'2 sq. ra. Drained by Kalamazoo river and 
its tributaries, and Black r. Surface varied — elevated to- 
ward the E. : soils sandv, or sand mixed with clay, with 
rich alluvial valleys alons: the rivers. Timber abundant. 
Farms 270 ; manuf. 36 ; dwell. 997, and pop~wh. 5,120, fr. 
col. 5— total, 5,1'25. Cupital: Allegan. 

Allegan, t., p. v., and cap. Allegan co., Mich. : on Kala- 
mazoo r., at the head of navigation. The " Allegan Keoor J" 
is published weekly. 

ALLEGIL4NV county, Md. Situate extreme N. W., and 
contains 1,050 sq. m. Drained by tributaries of N. branch 
of Potomac r. and by Monongahela r. Surface mountain- 
ous, with broad valleys : soils fortile : coal and iron in pro- 
fusion. Farms S02 ; manuf. 24 ; dwell. 3,S50, and pop.— 
wh. 21,633, fr. col. 412, si. T'24— total, '22,7(59. Capital : Cum- 
berland. PnUic Works: Baltimore and Ohio E. E. ; Ches- 
apeake and Ohio Canal, and several railroads from Cum- 
berland to coal mines. 

Allegil-vny county, K. Y. Situate S. W., and contains 
1.1S5 sq. m. Drained by Genesee r., which flows through 
the county. Surface finely variegated, tbe Genesee valley 
being bounded by ranges of table land, which extend N. 
and S. : soils highly fertile, ami famed for the quality of 
their cereal products. Bog iron abounds, and there is a 
spring from which Seneca oil is obtained. Farihs 3,173 ; 
manuf. 291 ; dwell. 6,96S, and pop.— wh. 37,6S3. fr. eol. 125— 
total, 37,80S. Capital: Angelica. Puhlic Works: Gene- 
see Valley Canal ; New York and Erie K. E. ; BuflMo and 
New York City E. E. 

Alleguasy county, Peim. Situate W., and contains 1 ,022 
sq. m. Drained by Monongahela and Alleghany rivers, 
which, uniting near the centre of tlie county, form the Ohio 
r. Surface hilly and wooded, but fertile to a high degree. 
It is the centre of the W. iron region. Farms 3,729 ; manuf. 
1,290 ; dwell. 22,551, and pop.— wh. 134,827, fr. col. 3,463— to- 
tal, 138,290. CapiUil : Tittsburg. Puhlic Works : Penn- 
sylvania E. E. ; Ohio and Pennsylvania E. E. ; Sleuben- 
ville E. E. ; Pennsylvania Canal, etc. 

Alleguan'y county, Virg, Situate centrally among the 
Alleghanies, and contains 520 sq. m. Drained by the liead 
waters of Jaraes r. Surface varied, antl in some parts rug- 
ged ; but in the valleys of the rivers the soils are rich and 
very productive. There are i\ithin the county several min- 
eral springs and much picturesque scenery. The products 
are wheat and oats, with some tobacco. Farms 216 ; raanuf. 
10 ; dwell. 4ft4, and pop.— wh. 2,763, fr. col. 5S, si. 694— total, 
3,515. Capikd: Covington. 

Alleghany, t. and p. v., Cattaraugus co., 2^. T. (formerly 
Burton) : on the New York and Erie E. K., 4&S m. W. N. 
W. New York. 

Alleghany, p. city, Alleghany co., Penn. : opposite Pitts- 
burg, of which it is a suburb. Three papers are published 
here — the " Euterprize," daily ; " Freedom's Friend," <laily 
and weekly; and the "News," weekly. Pop. 21,261. 

Alleghany Beipge, p. v., M'Keau co., Penn.: 129 m. 
N. "W. Harrisburg. 

Alleghany mountains (called also, ApPALLACinAN) con- 
stitute a long range, varying from 50 to 2iiO m. in breadth, 
and extend from Catskill Mountain in N. York, through 
Pennsylvania, Maryland, Virginia, N. Carolina, into Alaba- 
ma. Their course is N. E. and S. W.. parallel with the At- 
lantic Ocean, at a distance from it of from 60 to 150 m. 
These mountains consist of a number of parallel ridges, 
known as the Blue Eidge, Laurel Mountain, Cumberland 
Mountain, etc., and vary in elevation from 600 to 2.500 feet, 
forming the great watershed between llie Atlantic sloi)e and 
the Mississippi valley. Extensive valley? or glades lie be- 
tween the several ridges, in which is found much flue huid, 
although generally of a roush and rugged aspect. They 
abound in rocks and mineral deposits, as iron, coal, etc. ; 



and at their eastern base considerable gold has been col- 
lected. 

Alleghany river: a large stream, forming one of the 
great constituents of the Ohio r. : it rises on the W. side of 
the Alleghany mts. in Pennsylvania, about 30 m. E. of Lake 
Erie, and, running first N. W., into New York, then bend- 
ing S. W., re-entering Peimsylvania, through which it has 
a devious course to Pittsburg, where it is joined by Mo- 
nongahela r.. and tbe united streams constitute the Ohio. 
The Alleghany has a stea«ly current, and is navigable for 
boats to Hamilton, 260 m. above Pittsburg. Its banks arc 
fertile, and for about 150 m. from the junction have ridges 
of white oaks and chestnuts, with some patches of poor pitch 
pines, interspersed wtth tracts of good land and low mead 
0W9. The waters are always clear and limpid, whatever 
may be the state of tho weather. 

Allesiakee county, la. Situate in N. E. corner, and 
contains 720 sq. m. Drained by Upper Iowa, Yellow, and 
other rivers, tributaries of the Mississippi, which forms the 
E. border. Farms 2 ; dwell. 152, and pop. 777. Capital : 
Lansing. 

Allemance county, A^ Car. Situate N. middle, and con- 
tains 576 sq. m. "Watered by Ilaw r. and its creeks. Great 
Allamance, etc. Surface pleasantly varied, and soils of 
average fertility. Wheat, com, oats, tobacco, and cotton 
are the chief products. Farms 923 ; manuf. 3S ; dweU. 
1,516, and pop.— wh. 7,924, fr. col. 824, si. 3,196— total, 
11,444. Capital: Graham. 

Allemance, p. v., Guilford co., iV! Car. : on Great Alle- 
mance cr., 66 m. W. Ealeigh. 

Allen county, Ind. Situate N. E., and contains 672 sq. 
m. The county is well watered, and has numerous fine 
mill-streams. Little r. and Aboite r. rise in the W., and, 
uniting, fall into the Waliash ; and tlie St. Joseph's and SL 
Mary*s, from Ohio, unite at Fort Wayne, and form the Mau- 
mee, which falls info Lake Erie. These were formerly 
navigable at high water, but are now only used for milhng. 
Bee cr.. Crooked cr., and Cedar cr.. afford also considerable 
power. Surface level, and well timbered. Soils excellent ; 
near the streams a sandy loam, and in the interior, clay, in- 
termLxed with marl. In the N. W. are numerous oak- 
openings, or barrens. Farms 1,300; manuf. 127; dwell. 
3,097, and pop.— wh. 16,817, fr, eol. 102— total, 16,919. Ceip- 
ital : Fort Wayne. Puhlic Work.s : Wabash and Erie 
Canal: several railroads are projected, 

Allen covmty, Ky. Situate S. centrally, and contains 
510 sq. m. Drained by numerous tributaries of Green r., 
which bounds it on the N. Surface level or undulating, 
and soils of average fertility. The chief products are In- 
dian corn, oats, wheat, and tobacco, and some cotton- 
Farms 740 ; manuf. 7 ; dwell. 1,249, and pop.— wh. 7,SS9, fr. 
eol. 39, si. 1,314— total, S,742. Capital: ScottsviUe. Pub- 
lic Works: Nashville and Lexington E. E. 

Allen county, Ohio. Situate N. W.. and conta,in3 8S0 
sq. m. Drained chiefly by the branches of Auglaize r. Sur- 
tace elevated and rolling; soils \ory fertile. Wheat and 
Indian com are the principal products. Timber is abun- 
dant. Farms 1.146; raanuf. 50; dwell. 2,070, and pop. — 
wh. 12,085, fr. col. 24— total, 12,109. Capital : Lima. Pub- 
lic Works: Miami Canal, and Ohio and Indiana E. E. 

Allen, t, and p. o., Alleghany co., A^ Y. : 216 m. W. S. 
W. Albany. Pop. 35.''i. 

Allen, p. v., Cumberiand co., Penn. : 2S m. S. W. Har- 
risburg. 

Allen Centre, p. o., Alleghany co., 2v'. Y. : 216 m. W. S. 
W. Albany. 

Allen Centre, p. o., Union co., Ohio: 80 m.W.N. W. 
Columbus. 

Allent>ale, v., Bergen co., K Jer. : on Eamapo and Pat- 
terson E. E.. 9 m. N. Patterson. 

Alle>i>ale, p.v., Greene co., Ky. :~\ m. S.S.W. Frankfort. 

Allendale, p. v., Barawell dist., S. Car. : 89 m. S. S. W. 
0>lumbia. 

SO 



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ALV 



Allen's, p. o., Miami co., Ohio: 66 m. W. Columbus. 

Allen's Bkidge, p. o., Marion disL, S- Car. : 60 m. E. 
Columbia. 

ALLENeBUBGn, p. v., Highland co., Ohio: 58 m. S. W, 
Columbus. 

Allen's Frksk, p. c, Charles co., Md, : ou the cr. of the 
same name, 42 m. 9. S. TV. Annapolia. 

Allen's Geove, p. o., "Walworth co., Wise. : 49 m. S. E. 
Madison. 

Allen's Grove, p. c, Scott co., la. : 46 m. E. Iowa City. 

Allen's Hill, p. o., Ontario co,, N. Y. : ISl m. W. Al- 
bany. 

Allen Speinqs, p. v., Allen co., Ky. : near Sulphur fork 
of Big Barren r., 1U2 m. S. W. Frankfurt. 

Alles'8 Settlement, p. o., Claiborne par., Ixi. ; at the 
head of Crow's cr., 193 m. N. E. Baton liouge. 

Allen's Station, p. o., Hancock co., 'Jhiin, : 194 m. E. 
Nashvillo. 

Allenstown, t and p. v., Merrimac co., N, JTajnp.: on 
Suncook r., 10 m. S. E. Concord. Pop. 562. 

Allensville, p. v., Alleghany co., A^ Y. : 218 m. "W". 
Albany. 

Allensville, p. v., Switzerland co., I/id. : S6 ra. S. E. 
Indianapoliiii. 

Allensville, p. v., Todd co., Ki/. : on Elk fork of lied 
r., a tributary of the Cumberland, 151 m. S. W. FrankforL 

Allensville, p. v., Vinton co., Ohio: 46 m. S. S. E. Co- 
lumbus. 

Allensviijx, p. v., Mifllin co., Fenii. : 42 m. N. W. Har- 
risburg. 

Allenton, p. v., Wilcox CO., Ala. : on Pine Barren cr., 
49 m. S. W. Montgomery. 

Allenton, p. v., Washington co., H. I. : 28 m. S. S, "W. 
Providence. 

Allentown, p. v., Monmouth co., A'". Jer: : 12 m. E. by 
N. Trenton. 

Allkntown, p. v., Allen co., 07iio: 61 m. N. W. Colum- 
bus. 

Allentown, p. v., and cap. Lehigh co., Penn. : on S. side 
of Lehigh r., 78 m. E. by N. Ilarrisburg. It is beautifully 
situate ou an elevation in the midst of a well cultivated, 
pleasant, and populous country. It conlains, brsides the 
county buildings, a bank, several handsome churches, an 
academy, and eight schools, and a number of flourishing 
mills ; and its trade is considerable. Six newspapers arc 
published here — five weekly, and one semi-monthly: the 
"Lehigh Reporter" (neutral); the "Allentown Democrat;" 
th^ " Lehigh Patriot" (whig) ; the " Unabhoengiger Ecpub- 
likaner" (di-m.) ; and tlio " Fried ensbnlhe'' (neutral), are 
issued weekly ; and the " Youth's Friend," every second 
week. Pop. 8,TS0. 

Alugatob, p. v., and cap. Columbia co., Flor. (formerly 
Lancastf.e) : 9T m. E. S. E. Tallahassee. 

AiLiGATOK, p. v., Crilteiwien co., Ky. : 192 m.-W. Frank- 
fort. 

Alligator, p. v., SL Mary's par., La. : 53 m. S. S. "W. 
Baton Rouge. 

Allison, p. v., Logan co^ K>/.: 14S ra. S. W. Frankfort. 

Allisonville. p. v., Marion co., Lid. : on the Indianapo- 
lis and Peru K. R., 11 m. N. Indiana. 

Allowat, i>. v.. Wayne co.. N. Y. : on the E. side of the 
outlet of Canandaigua Lake, 1T9 m. W. Albany. 

ALLOWAYbTOWN, p. V., Salcm CO., N. Jer.: on Alloway's 
cr. of the Delaware, 6<J m. S. S. W. Trenton. 

Axi^BORouGH, p. v., FrankUn co., Ala. : 169 m. N. W. 
Montgomery. 

Almirante. p. v., Walton co., Fhr. : on Yellow Water 
r., 146 m. W. N. W. Tallahassee. 

Almond, p. v., Portage co.. WiJic. : 92 ra. N. Madison. 

Almond, t. and p. v.. Allegliany ro.. A. }'. ; on Canisteo 
r., and on the N. T. an<f ICric- U. U,. 194 m. W. Albany. 

Almont, t. and p. v., Lapc^ir co., Jlie/i.. : 61 m. E. Lan- 
tfng. 

40 



Alna, t. and p, v., Lincoln co., Me. : on Sheepscot r., 24 
m. S. E. Augusta. Pop. iil6. 

Alpena county, J/i'iVi. Situate N. E. on Lake Huron, 
and contains 576 sq. m. : a new county since 1S50. 

Alpha, p. v., Greene co., Ohio: 53 m. W. Columbus. 

Alpine, p. v., Chattooga co., Ga.: 152 m. N. W. Mil- 
ledgeville. 

Alpine, p. v., Clark co.. Ark. : 70 m. S. W. Little Rock. 

Au'iNK Dep6t, p. o., Morgan co., Vtrg. : on Baltimore 
and Ohio R. R., 143 m. N. Richmond. 

Alps, p. o., Rensselaer co.. A". K ; 21 m. E. by S. Al- 
bany. 

Alquina, p. v., Fayette co., Ind. : 60 m. E. by S. Indian- 
apolis. 

Ai^TEAD, t and p. v.. Chosliiro co., K. llamp. : on Cold 
r., 89 m. E. Concord. Pop. 1,425. 

Alston, p. v., Fairfield dist.. S. Car. : 33 m. N. Columbia. 

Altamont, p. v., and cap. Grundy co., Tenn. : centre of 
CO., 72 m. E. S. E. Nashville. 

Altamont, v., Alleghany co., 3Zd. : a station on the Bal- 
timore and Ohio R. R., 224 m. W. Baltimore. 

Alta Springs, p. o., Limestone co., Tex.: 126 m. N. 
Austin City. 

Altay, p. v., Steuben co., y. T. : 170 m. W. Albany. 

Altiiouse's St., Berks co., Pt'iui.: on Philadelphia and 
Reading K. R.. 66 m. W. N. W. Philadelphia. 

Alto, p. o., Howard co.. TjkK: 46 ra. N. Indianapolis. 

Alto. t. an<l p. o.. Fond du Lac co., ^V^^c. : on E. branch 
of Rook r.. 61 m. N. N. W. Madison. Po .. 6S0. 

Alto, p. v., Louisa co., Virg. : 46 m. N. W. Richmond. 

Alton, t. and p. v., Kent co., Mic?i. : 53 m. W. N. W, 
Lansing. 

Alton, t. and p. city, Madison co., HI. : on Mississippi r., 
3 m. above the mouth of the Missouri. It jwRsesses great 
commercial advantages, and will probably become an im 
portant railroad terminus. Bituminous coal is abundant 
near the cify. It is the largest place on the river above 
St. Louis. Sburtliff College and other institutions of a high 
character are located here; and there is also a weekly pa- 
per, the "Telegraph and Review," issued. The Chicago 
and Mississippi R. R. terminate^ here, and other Railroads 
are projcetcd. Pop. 8,SS7. 

Alton, p. v.. Franklin co., Ohio: on a branch of Scioto 
r., 10 in. W. Columbus. 

AiTON, p. V. and cap. Denton co., Ter. : between Hick- 
ory or. and Elm fork of Trinity r., 208 m. N. N. W. Austin 
City. 

Alton, p. v., Penobscot co., Jfe. 

Alton, t. and p. v., Belknap co., N. Uamp. : on a bay 
of Lake Winnepiseogee, 22 m. N. N. E. Concord. The Co- 
checo R. R. passes through the village, 27 m. N. W. from 
Dover. Fop. of 1. 1,795. 

Alton, p. v., Wayne co., J^ K; on the Ridge Road, 
169 m. W. Albany. 

Alton Hill, p. o., Macon co., Tmn.: 216 m. E. S. E. 
Nash\ille. 

Altoona, p. v.. Blair co., Penn. : on Pennsylvania E. E., 
1.31 m. W. Ilarrisburg. 

Alum Bank, p. o., Bedford co., PeJin. : 86 m. W. S. W. 
Harrisburg. 

Alum Chepk. p. o., Delaware co., Ohio: on a cr. of the 
same name, tributary to the Scioto r., 23 m. N. Colum- 
bus- 

Ai-UM Rock, p. o., Allt-u'liany co., Virg. : 149 m. W. Rich- 
mond. 

An'M Run, p. o., Monroe eo., Ohio: on a cr. of the samo 
name, flowing to the Ohio r., 106 m. E. S. E. Columbus. 

Alum Springs, p. o., Rockbridge CO., Virg.: Ill m. W. 
Richmond. 

Alv AN, p. v., Jefferson co., Penn. : 122 m. W. N. W. Har- 
risburg. 

Alvira, p. v., Lycoming co., Penn.: 66 m. N. W. Har- 
risburg. 



ALV 



AMS 



Alviso. v., Santa Clara co., CaUf. : on Guadalupe r., 43 
m. y. Vallego. 

A-MACKTTA, p. T., Wayne co., Virg. : 263 m. W. Rich- 
montJ. 
^ Amauansett, p. v., Suffolk co., K. Y. : near tlfe E. ex- 

tremily of Loiij; Island, on the Atlantic, ISl m. S. E. Al- 
bany. 

Amanda, p. v., Greenup co., K>j. : 1G3 m. E. N. E. Frank- 
fort, 

Amanda, t. and p. v., Fairfield co., Ohio : on Clear or., 
26 m. S. E. Columbus. Pop. 1,536, 

AMA^■DA\^LLE, p. v., Elbert co., Ga. : 8:3 m. N. by E. 
Milled gev ill e. 

Amazon, p. v., Madison co., la. : 131 ra. W. by S. Iowa 
City. 

Amber, p. v., Onondaga co., N. Y. : near Otisco Lake, 
126 ni. W. by N. Albany. 

Amberson's Valley, p. o., Franklin co., Peiin.: 53 m. 
W. by S. Harriftburg. 

A5£Blek's Mills, p. o., Loujsa co., Virg.: 46 m. W. N. 
W. Kichniond. 

Amboy, p. v., Lapeer co., Midi. : 73 m. E. by N. Lan- 
sing. 

Amboy, t. and p. o., Oswego co., N. Y. : on Salmon and 
Scriba creeks. 123 ra. "\V. Albany. Pup. 1 13-'. 

Ajmboy, p. v., Ashtabula co., Ohio: 16S m. N. E. Co- 
lumbus. , 

Amboy Centre, p. o., Oswego co., K. Y. : 124 nL W. Al- 
bany. 

Amelia county, Virg. Situate in the S. E. on Appomat- 
tox r., and contains 29S sq. m. Drained by the tributaries 
of the Appomattox. Surface level or undulating, and tlie 
soils originally rich ami produ<>tive. The stjiplus are corn 
and tobacco. Farms 8J>4; manuf. 5; dwell. 563, and pop. 
— wh. 2,794, fr. col. 157, si. 6,S19— total, 9,770. Capital: 
Amelia C. IT. 

A>JKLiA, p. v., Clermont co., Ohio: 109 m. S. W. Ci>- 
lumbup. 

Amxlia Island, Nassau co., Flor. : between St. Mary's 
Sound and Nassan r. Fernandina, a village at ita N. ex- 
tremity, was formerly cap. of the co., and had considerable 
oimmerce, but is now almost deserted. 

Amelia, p. v., and cap. Amelia co., Vij'g. .* on Richmond 
and Danville K. K.. 36 ra. W. Riehmond. It contains the 
U9u.al county offiees. anti several factories. 

Amenia, t. and p. v., Ducbess co., K. Y. : on ITousatonie 
r. The Harlem R. R. passes through it S3 m. N. New York 
City, and in a valley between Tagbkannic and Fishkill mt.=i., 
62 m. S. by E. Albany. Marble, mntrnetic iron ore, and 
mineral Fpringp are found in the township. Pop. 2.229. 

Amexia Union, p. v., Duchess co., X. Y. : 67 m. S. by E. 
Albany. 

America, p. v., Wabash co., Ind. : on S. co. line, 73 m. 
N. N. "W. Indianapolid. A proposed R. R. from Kokomo to 
the Wabash, will intersect it, 

Amerioan river {Rio de Aw Aiiierii'nno!^^ Calif. : a trib- 
utary of Sacramento r., famous for its golden sands. It 
rrsfs in many branches on the W. slope of the Sierra Nots- 
da, and disembogues opposite Sacramento City. 

AMERirtj!^. p. v. and cap. Sumter en., Ga. : on a cr. of 
Flint r.. and on the line of the South-western R. R., 91 m. 
S. W. MillediiCTille. 

Amerious. p. v., Tippecanoe co., Inrl. : on "Wabash r. and 
oanal, 61 m. N. N. W, Indianapolis. 

\y(TA. t and p. o.. Montgomery co., jv; }' ; 51 m. W. 
N. W. Albany. 

Amesbury. t. and p. v.. K-ssex co., ^faM,: on N. side 
Morrimac r.. 37 m. X. E. Boston. Considerable manufac- 
ture."?, favored by an immense water-power, are carried on, 
and vecsels of large tonnage are built on the Powow, a trib- 
uL-irv- of the Morrimac. The Eastern R. R. passes through 
the E. part of the town. Pop. 3,143. 
Amesvtlle, p. v., Boone co., 2U. ; on a branch of Rock 



r., 17S m. N. E. Springfield, and on the Galena and Chicago 
Union R. li. 
Amesville, p. v., Ulster c<>., 2^. Y. 
Amesvllle, p. v., Athens co., Ohio: 89 m. S. E. Colum- 
bus. 

Amherst county, Virg. Situate centrally at the base of 
Blue Ridge, and contains 41S sq. m. Drained I)y Peillar 
cr. and Tye r., affluents of James r., which washes its S. 
boundary. Surface elevated and much varied by liill and 
dale. Soils good, and very productive of wheat, Indian 
corn, oats, and tobacco. Farms 728 ; dwell. 1,127, and p"p. 
— wh. 6,:i53, fr. col. 393, si. 5,953— tot;il, 12,699. Capital ; 
AmherA C. H. Public WorkJi: James River Canal. 

Amukrst, t. and p. v., Hancock co., Me.: Vi m. E. N. E. 
Augusta. Pop. f>2.". 

jVmubiist, t. and p. v., Hampshire co., Jfass. : 73 m. W. 
Boston ; is the seat of Amherst College, one of tlie best 
educational establishments in the Union. Pop. ;i,(i.'>j. 

Amherst, t., p. v., and cap. Ilillsbon/ co., K. Ilainp. : on 
Souhegim r.. a l)ranch of the Merrimac, 24 ra. S. S. W. Gtin- 
cord. Pop. 1,613. 

Amueiust. I. and p. v., Lorain co., Ohio: 103 m. N. N. E. 
Columbus, and on the Cleveland and Sandusky R. P.l,4nrf. 
Amiieicst, p. V. and cap. Amherst co., Virg.: 84 m. W. 
Richmond, on Buffalo cr. of James r. 

iViiicALOLA, p. v., Lumpkin co., Ga.: 92 m. N. W. Mil- 
ledgeville. 

Amissville, p. v., Rappahannock co., Virg. : on S. side 
of Iledgeman's r., 36 m. N. N. W. Richmond. 

Amitie river, Miss, and Lti.: rises in Mississippi, and 
flows S. and 9. E. 100 m. to Lake Maurepas, unitiJig at Gal- 
veston with the Iberville. 

Amite county, J/Zw. Situate S. W. on Stat© line, and con- 
tains S60 sq. m. Drained by the branches of Amit6 r. Sur- 
face, except ne.ar the streams, uneven, and the soil inferior. 
Cotton, Indian corn, and rice are the staple products, 
F.irms MO; manuf. 1 ; dwell. 660, and pop.— wh. 3,(>41, fr. 
col. 3, si. 6.050— total, 9,694. Capital : Liberty. 

Amittsvillb, p. v., Monongalia co., Virg. : 194 m. N. W. 
Richmond. 

Amity, t. and p. v., Aroostook co., 3/c. ; 132 m. N. E. Au- 
gusta. Tlie monument at the sources of the St. Croix lies at 
tlie N. E. comer nf the town. Pop. 256. 
Amitv, p. v., (_:iark eo., Ark. : 73 m. S. "W. Little Rock. 
.tVuiTY, p. v., Johnson co., IihL: 19 m. S. S. E. Indianap- 
olis. 

Amity, p. v.. Orange co.. K Y.: on a branch of Willkill 
r., near S. State line, 9S m. S. Albany. ^ 

Amity, p. v., Washington co., Penn,.: 193 in. W. by S. 
Harrisburg. 

Amityville, p. v., Suffolk co.. A" Y.: IGl m. S. E. Al- 
bany. 

Ammonia, p. v., Shelby co., Tenn.: 171 m. W. S. W. 
Nashville. 

Ammonoospc (Upper) river, N'. Ihtmp. : rises N. of White 
mts., and, passing N. E., approaches the Androst^oggin r. ; 
and thence turning S. W., flows on b) the Ci^nnecticat. Ita 
length is about 50 m., and the valley through which it flows 
from 7 to S m. wide and 20 ra. long. The scenory of the 
neighboring country is beautiftil. 

Ammonoosuc (Lower) river, X. Jlump. : rises W. of the 
Whito mts., and, afier a course of 5il miles, falls into the 
Connecticut, at Haverhill, by a mouth 100 yards wide. The 
valley of the river is about half a mile wide, and about 6 or 
7 m. from the Notch of the White mts. has a fall of some 
50 feet, cut through a mass of stratified granito. 

Amoskeag, p. v., Hillsboro' eo., X. IFtimp. : 17 m. S. E. 
Concord, on Mrrriniae r., at the Falls, where the descent is 
54 feet in a mile and a half, and around which there is a 
canal. The vil. has considerable manufactures, and a 
newspaper, is issued weekly. 

Amsterdam, t, and p. v., Montgomery co., X. Y.: on the 
Mohawk r., 33 ra. W. Albany. The vil. is on the N. aide 

41 



AMS 



AND 



of the r., and a station oil the Utica and Seheiiccfady E. E. 
The •• Intelligencer," a newspaper published here, is is- 
sued weekly. Pop. of 1. 4,123. 

Amsterdam, p. v., Jefferson CO., Ohio ; 121 m. E. by K. 
Coluiiibus. 

Ajisteedam, p. T., Cass co., Iml. : on the Wabash r., CS 
m. N. "W. Indianapolis. 

AMSTznD.ul, p. v., Botetourt co., Virg. : 122 m. TV. Eich- 
mond. 

Anacostia. p. 0., Washington co., P. C. : on the cr. of the 
same name, i m. N. E. Washington. 

ASADAUCO, p. v., Eusk CO., Tex. : 262 in. N. E. Austin City. 

Anauuac, p. v., Liberty co., Tixr. ; on the E. side of Gal- 
veston Bay, 210 m. E. by S. Austin City. 

AsAlOMTNK, p. v., Cherokee Co., Kw. (formerly BnAHon- 
Tows) ; 1S4 m. N. E. Austin City. 

Anamosa, p. V. and cap. .Jonea co., la. : 32 m. N. N. E. 
Iowa City. 

Ananbale, p. v., Butler co., fmn. : 162 m. W. Harris- 
burg. 

A.S-.VXDALS, p. v., Fairfax CO., Firg.: 92 m. N. Eich- 
mond. 

Anaquasscook, p. v., Washington co., Al T. : 33 m. N. 
by E. Albany. 

A.VASTATiA island, Flor. : situate on the E. coast, and is 
18 m. long, and li broad. At its N. end, in lat. 29° 50', and 
long. 4° 29' W. from Washmgton, is a signal tower, well 
known to seamen. 

AscrexT, p. o., Dane co., Wife. 

AscuAM, t. and p. v., Columbia CO., N'. Y. : iO m. S. E. 
Albany, on Ancram and Punch creeks, on the former of 
which are extensive iron works — iron ore, as also galena, 
being plentiful in the vicinity. Pop. l,f>70. 

Ancram Lead-mine, p. v., Columbia eo., y. Y. : on Punch 
cr., where there are considerable quantities of galena. 

Andalusia, p. v. and cap. Covington CO., Ala. : 72 m. S, 
Montgomery. 

Andalusia, p. v., Eoct Island co., lU. : 126 m. N. W. 
Springfield. 

Andalusia, Bucks co., Perm. : 92 ra. E. Ilarri.sburg. 

Anderson county, Kt/. Situate N. centrally, and contains 
240 sq. m. Drained by Salt r. and its creeks, and Ken- 
tucky r., which washes its E. border. Surface various— 
chiefly undulating, and soils good, producing Indian com, 
wheat, etc., and some small quantity of tobacco and cotton. 
Farms 420 ; mannf 31 ; dwell. SS3, and pop,— wh. 4.94S, 
ft-, col. 30, si. 1,2S2— total, 6,260. Capital: Lawreneeburg. 

Andeesok district, S. Car. Situate N. W., and contains 
780 sq. m. ; l>ing between the Savannah and Saluda, it is 
well drained by a number of the large tributaries of those 
rivers. The surface is undulating, and the soils very pro- 
ductive. The chief products are Indian corn, wheat, and 
tobacco, and an abundance of live stock is owned in the 
distdcl. Farms 1,9S6; manuf CO; dwell. 2,440, and pop. 
— wh. 13,871, fr. col. 90, si. 7,S14— total, 21,475. Capital : 
Anderson. PuUie Woi-ks: Anderson Branch of Green- 
ville and Columbia E. E., etc. 

Anderson county, Tmn. Situate E. centrally, and con- 
tains 750 sq. m. Drained by Clinch r. and its creeks, and 
the head streams of the S. fork of Cumberlaml r. Surface 
uneven— sometimes billy and broken, but soils of an aver- 
age fertility, producing wheat, com, oats, and tobacco. 
Farms CaS ; manuf. 9 Tdwell. 1,091, and pop.— wh. 6,391, 
fr. col. 41, si. 5iiC— total. 6,93S. Caj^itiil : Clinton. 

Anderson county, Tex. Sitaato N. E. centrally, between 
Trinitv and Neches rivers, and contains about Suo sq. m. 
Drained by Caddo, Brushy, Walnut, llnrrieane. Still's, and 
Ionic creeks of the Neches, and Cat-fish, L.ake, Keaeheye. 
and Parker's creeks of Trinity. Surface various, elevated 
in the middle, and sloping E. and W. Soils rich, and pro- 
ductive of sugar and cotton. Farms 200 ; dwell. 376, and 
pop — wh. 2,281, tr. col. — , b1. 600— total. 2,884. Capital : 
Palestine. 



Anderson, p.*-., Clark co., II!.: irs ni. W. Springfield. 
Anderson, t., p. v., and cap. Madison co., Imt : on S. 
side of White r., 8' m. N E. Indianapolis, and on the In- 
dianapohs and Bellefontame li. it., where it is intersected 
by the Eichmond and Newcistle Extension K. E. The 
'• Anderson Gazette" is issued weekly. Pop. 1,357. 
Anderson, p. v., Warren co., y. Jer. : 56 m. N. Trenton- 
Anderson, p. t., Walker co., Ga. : 172 m. N. W. Mil- 
ledgeville. 

Anderson, p. v. and cap. Anderson dist., S. Car.: 110 
in. W. N. W. Columbus. A branch of Greenville and Co- 
lumbia E. E. terminates here, and it is probable tb.it a rail- 
road will be built westward through Eabun G.ap, toward the 
Tennessee lines. The " Anderson G.izottc" is issued week- 
ly, and the " Farmer and Planter" monthly. 

Anderson, p. v. and cap. Grimes CO., Tot. .■ on Uoliands 
cr. of the Navasota r., 132 m. E. Austin City. 

ANDERSONBCKGn, p. V., Perry co., I'enn. : 32 m. N. W. 
Ilarrisburg. 

Anderson Efvee, p. o., Spencer co., Iiid. : on a r. so 
called, flowing to the Ohio r., 122 m. S. S. W. Indianapolis. 
Anderson's Mills, p. o., Butler co., Perm.: 163 m. W. 
llariisburg. 

Andep.son'8 Stoke, p. o., Caswell co., N. Car. : 63 m. N. 
W. Ealeigh. 

Anderson's Store, p. o., M'Nairy co., Tenn. : 118 m. W. 
S. W. Nashville. 

Ant>erson's Store, p. o., Morgan co., Ohio ,■ 58 m. E. by 
S. Columbus. 

ANDERSoNvaLLE, p. V., Franklin CO., Ind. ; on a cr. of 
White Water r., 49 m. E. by S. Indianapolis. 

Andeesonville, p. v., Anderson disL, S. Car. : on Sen- 
eca cr., at its junction with Savannah r., 120 m. W. by S. 
Columbia. 

Andes, t. and p. v., Delaware co., N. Y. : on Pajiacton 
branch of Delaware r., 71 m. S. S. W. Albany. 

ANDFJ3VILLE, p. V., Perry co., Pejm. : 28 m. W. by N. 
Ilarrisburg. 

Andora, p. v., Philadelphia co., Penn. : 93 m. W. Ilar- 
risburg. 
An-dovee, p. v., Tolland co.. Conn. : 18 m. E. Hnrtfonl. 
Aniiover, p. v., Henry co., JU.: on N. side of Edward's 
r., 102 m. N. N. W. Springfield. 

Andover, t. and p. o., Oxford CO., Me. : on Ellis r., of the 
Androscoggin, 46 m. W. N. W. Augusta. Pop. 701. 

iU-DOVER, t. and p. 0., Essex Co., JWaM. : 21 m. N. Bos- 
ton, on the S. W. side of Merrimac r. It is noted as tlie 
seat of a Theo. Seminary and other educational eslabUsh- 
ments; and has numerous manufactures. Pop. 6.748. 

Andover, t. and p. 0., Merrimac CO., iV. Ilamp. ; on 
Blackwater r., 23 m. N. W. Concord, or by the Northern 
E. E., which passes through it, 28 m. Pop. 1,220. 
ANDov^J^ p. v., Sussex co.. A' *)'. ; 27 m. N. Trenton. 
Andover, t.and p. v., AUefihany Co., X. Y. : 216 in. W. 
S. W. Albany, or 358 m. W. N. W. n-om New York by Erie 
E. E., which passes through iU Pop. 1,476. 

Andover, t. and p. v., Ashtabula Co., Ohio : 168 m. N. E. 
Columbus. Pop. 963. 

Andover. t. and p. v., Windsor co.. Verm. : on the head 
waters of Williams' river, at the E. base of the Green 
Mountains, 69 m. S. Mont))clier. Pop. 725. 

Andrew county, ifo. Situate N. W. on Missouri r.. and 
contains 4.33 sq. m. Drained by Nodaway r. and the forks 
of Little Platte r. Surface level, mostly prairie, and tjie 
soils very productive. Farms 873 ; manuf. 5; dwell. 1.377. 
and pop.— wh. 8,758, tr. col. 13, si. 662— toUl, 9,4.33. Capi- 
tal : Savannah. 

Andrew, p. v. and cap. Jackson CO., la. : 5 m. N. of 
Macoquetais r., and 58 m. E. N. E. Iowa City. -V new,*pa- 
per, the " AVestern Democrat," is issued weekly. 

Andrew Cuapel, p. o., Madison CO., Tenn. : 121 m. W. 
by S. Nashville. 
1 Andrews, p. v., Morrow co., Ohio : 61 m. N. Columbus. 



AND 



ANT 



Andrews, p. o., Spottsylviinta co., Vtrg, : 46 m. N. Rich- 
mond. 

Androscoggin river, Me. : is formed by the junction of 
Magalloway r, and the outlet of Lake Umbagog, in New 
llamp., in which Stale it has a S. course of about 40 ni. 
After entering Maine, it takes a serpentine course, first, E., 
ihen S., and tiually K., for about lOD m., when it runs over 
Pejepskeag Falbs, and joins the Kennebec at Merry-meet- 
ing Bay, 6 m. above Bath, and IS m. from the sea : its whole 
course is about 150 m. The confluent streams from this 
bay is sometimes called tho Sagadahock. 

Angelica, t., p. v., and cap. Alleghany co., K. Y. : on An- 
gelica cr. of Genesee r., S21 m. W. by S. Albany. It eon- 
tains the county buildings, a bank, the " ABoghany County 
Bank," and several churches; and a newspaper, tho "An- 
gelica Eeporter," is issued weekly. Pop. 1,592, 

Angelina county, Tt<c. ^situate E. between Nechea and 
Angelina rivers, and contains about 1,320 sq. m. Drained 
Dy Caney, King's, Buck, Shawnee, and otlier creeks of the 
Ueches, and by Durazno, Poffer, and others of Angelina r. 
Surface beautifully varied — the watershed running parallel 
and near to Angehna r. Soils ferlile. and produce eollon 
and sugar largely. Farms 8S ; dweJl. 16C, and jiop. — wh. 
945, fr. col. 24, si. 196— total, 1,165. aqyitol : Marion. 

Angelina river, Tejt. : a considerable stream in E. Tex- 
as falling into Neches r. 2 m. below Bevelport. 

Anoley's Brascu, p. 0., Barnwell dist., S. Cur.; 69 m. 
S. by W. Columbia. 

Angola, t., p. v., and cap. Steuben co., Jnd.: 142 m. N. 
N. E. Indianapolis. 

Angola, p. v.. Lake co., IIZ. : 1S4 m. N. N. E. Spring- 
field, and G m. below the "Wisconsin State line. 

Angola, p. v., Erie co., K. Y. : 264 m. "W. Albany. 

ANQosTtJKA, p. v., Pike CO., I7irl. : about 130 m. S. 3. W. 
Indianapolis. 

Angola, p. v., Sussex co., Del. 

AxtiOLA, p. 0., Onslow co., K. Car.: 92 m. S. E. Ra- 
leigh. 

Annapolis City, port of entry and p. o. ; co. scat., Anne 
Arundel co., and cap. of (he State of Maryland ; on "W. side 
of Severn r., 3 m. from its entrance into Chesapeake Bay, 
and distant 3S m. E. N. E. of Washington, D. C. Lat. aso 
5S'50"N., long. 760 29' 26" W., from Greenwich, OO 32' 
40" E. from Wsishington. In 1S30 the population was 2,623, 
in \M(\ 2,792, and in 1850 3,011— wh. 1,774, fr. col. 5S5, and 
flL 652. The government removed from St. Mary's, the old 
capital, to Annapohs, then called Providence, 16S9. Annap- 
olis is regularly laid out, its streets diverging frnni the State 
House and Episcopal church, as from two principal centres. 
The suite House is a substantial building; in this tho old 
Congress held some of its sessions, and the Senate Chamber, 
1n which Washington resigned his commission to that au- 
gust body, has been preserved unaltered. The State library 
contains about 25,000 volumes. The city has a market- 
house, a bank (the Farmer's Bank of Maryland), a theatre, 
and about 420 dwellings, many of which are elegant and 
spacious. St, John's College, formerly a branch of the Uni- 
versity, is located here ; it was founded in 1784, and in 1350 
Had 6 professors, 30 students, 150 alumni, S of whom were 
ministers, and a librar)- containing 3,292 volumes. The public 
press consists of two newspapers, the " Maryland Pvcpub- 
lican," and the "Free Press," issued weekly, together cir- 
culating 1,200 copies. Shipping owned in the collootion 
district of Annapolis, on the 1st June, 1&50, was 2,323 tons, 
of which 336 was navigated by steam power. Some small 
manufactures are carried on, and the coasting trade hence 
is on a lil»eral scale. The city communicates with the in- 
terior lines of travel by the Annapolis and Elkridge P. P., 
21 m. in length, diverging from it in a N. W. direction to a 
junction with tho Washingt-in Branch P. P., at a point 18 
m. from Baltimore, 22 m. from Washington. 

Annapolis, p. v., Jefferson co., Ohio: 122 m. E. by N. 
Columbus. 



Annapolis Junction, p. o., Anne Arundel co., Md. : 2\ 
m. N. W. Annapolb. 

Ann Arboe. t., p. v., and cup. Washtenaw co.. Jfich.: 
on both sides of Huron r., and on the line of Central li. E., 
37 m. W. Detroit and 51 m. E. S. E. Lansing. It is the seat of 
the University of Michigan, and an important point of in- 
ternal trade. There is a bank here; and two newspapers, 
the ''Michigan Argus" and the "Washtenaw Whig," are 
issued weekly. Pop. 4,870. 

ASne Arundel couuty, 3M. Situate W. shore, and con- 
tains 6-7S sq. m. Drained by cre-eks running to Patapsco, 
Severn, and West rivers. Surface is generally undulating, 
with some broken spots and swamps. Soils vary from 
sandy to clayey loam ; iron, copper, etc., abundant, and 
marl found in several parts. Toliacco is largely grown— in 
laet. is the principal staple. Farms 1,295 ; manuf. 15G ; 
dweU. 3,712, and pop.— wh. 16,542, fr. col. 4,602. si. 11,249— to- 
tal, 32,393. f\!pit^l : Annapolis. Fuhlio Wor/LS : Annapo- 
lis and Elkridge P. P. In 1S51 Iloward co. was erected from 
Anne Arundel. 

An-nawaika, p. v., Dc Kalb co., Ala. : 150 m. N, N. W. 
Montgomery. 

Aknisquam, p. v., !^ssex co., 3fass. : 32 m. N. W. Boston. 

Annix CnEEK, p. v.. McKean co., Penn. : on a cr. so 
named, 13S m. N. W. Harrisburg. 

Annvili-k. t. and p. o., Lebanon co., Femi. : on Swatara 
cr., IS m. E. by N. Harrisburg. 

Anselm, p. v.. Gallia co., Ohio : SS m. S. E. Columbus. 

Anson county, 2f. Car. Situate S. on State line, and con- 
tarns 760 sq. m. Drained by Yadkin r. and tributaries. 
Surface somewhat uneven, and the soils of a good quality, 
producing wheat, Indian ei rn, and cotton. Cotton is its 
great staj)le. Farms 675 ; manuf. 32 ; dwell. 1,166, anil pop. 
— wh. 6,556, fr. col. 101, si. 6,S32— twtal, 13,4s9. CapikU : 
Wadcaboro. 

Anson, t. and p. o., Somerset co., Me. : on W. bank of 
Kennebec r., 31 m. N. Augusta. Pop. 84S. 

Ansonia, p. v., New Haven co., Conn.: on Naugatuek 
K. P., 16 m. N. Bridgewater. A station on Naugatuck 
P. P., 16 m. N. Bridgeport. 

Antestown, p. v., Blair co., Penn. : 86 m, W. Harrisburg. 

Antqony, p. v., Delaware co., Ind. : 49 ui. N. E. Indian- 
apolis. 

ANTHONT'a CiiEEE, p. V., Greenbricf co., Yirg. : on a cr, 
so called, 17$ m. W. Pichmond. 

Anthony's Nose : is the extreme point of a hill called the 
Klips, on the N. side of Jlohawk r., and whieli forms a re- 
markable similitude to a magnificent proDoscis, 300 or 400 
feet in length. 

Anthony's Nose: on the S. side of Breakneck Hill, on 
the E. bank of the Hudson. It is a promontory of the 
Highlands, 677 feet above the river, having a resemblance 
to the human feature, indicated by its name. There is an- 
other similar formation below West Point, at the S. extrem- 
ity of the Highlands. 

Anthony Shoals, p. o.. Elbert co., Ga. : 86 m. N. N E, 
Milledgcville. 

Anthony's Village, p. v., Kent co., P. J. : 14 m. S. S.W. 
Providence. 

Anti Bask, p. o.. Hinds co., Mi^s. 

Antietam creek, Md. : a fine stream of the Potomac, 
ninning througli Washington en.. Md. 

Antim county, MlcJu Situate N. W. on Lake Michigan, 
and contains 64S sq. m. A new county since 1S50. 

Anti-ocu, p. v. Troop co., Ga. : 103 m. W. Milled go^ille. 

Antioch, p. v., Lake co., lU. : 1S2 m. N. N. E. Spring- 
field. 

ANTiocn, p. v.. Contra Costa co., CaUf. : 13 m. S. Vailejo. 

Antioch, p. v., Pickens co., Ala.: 106 m., W, N. W. 
Montgomery. 

Antioch, p. v.. Monroe co., Ohio. : 102 m. E. by S. Co* 
lumbus. Pop. 107. 

Antioch. p. v., Gibson co., T&in. : 127 m. W. Nashville. 

43 



ANT 



ARE 



AwTJocn, p. v., York disL, S. Car. : 4T m. N. Columbia. 
Antoin, p. T., Clark cu., Ark^ : on Antoin cr., 7S m. S. W. 
Little Koek. 

Antium, t £.nd p. o., Shiawassee co., Mich. : on Look- 
ing-glass r., 26 m. E. Lansing. Pup.2S2. 

Antrim, t. and p. o., Hillsborough co., N. Ifomp.: on 
Contoocook r., 25 m. S. W. Concord. Pop. 1,143. 
Antrim, p. v., Gueriwey co., Ohio. : 81 m. E. Columbus. 
Antrui, p. v., Alleghany co., Penn.: 152 m. W. Harris- 
burg. 

Antwerp, t. and p. o., Jefferson co., A'! Y.: on In- 
dian r., 146 m. N. W. Albany. The "Watertown and Pots- 
dam E. K. passes through it. Pop. 3,665. 

Antwkep, p. v., Paulding co., Ohio.: 122 m. N. T\'. Co- 
lumbus. 
Anvil, p. v., Clarke co., Ark. : S m. S. "W. Little P.ock. 
AoNiA, p. v., Wilkes co., Ga. : 5S m. N. N. E. Millcdge- 
viUe, 

Apollo, p. v., Armstrong co., Perhti. : 152 m. W. by N. 
Harrisburg. 

ArpALAcmcoLA river: is formed by the union of the 
Chattahoochee and FliiH rivers, on the S. confiuos of Gcc>r- 
gia; after which, flowing between E. and W. Florida, it 
falls into the Gulf of Mexico, E. of Cfli^e Escondillru It is 
wide and det-p, the tide running up for 60 m. The estuary 
(Apalache Bay) forms a fine harbor, but its entrance at 
low water is only 3 fathoms deep. Tbe Appnlactiicola and 
its branches drain a basin having an area of nearly 2'i,0()0 
eq. m. 

AppALAcmcoLA. p. v.. port, and cap.. Franklin co.. Flor. : 
on a bluff at the W. side of Ihe entrance to Apalaehieola r., 
62 m. S. W. Tallahassee, The harbor is deep enough for 
large vessels, and the port has considerable coasting trade. 
The tonnage in 1S50 was 2,050 tons, all navigated by steam, 
and chiefly employed on the river. In the foreign trade 
17,132 tons cleared, and 12,196 tons entered in the same 
year. A newspaper, the "Commercial Advertiser," is is- 
sued weekly. The village occupies a plot one mile square, 
and is regularly laid out. It contains the county buildings, 
and has numerous &ubstantial warehouses and dwellings. 

Appalacihn, p. v., Tioga co., A'. Y. : 13S m. W. S. W. 
Albany. 

Appanoose county, la. Situate S. middle on State line, 
and contains 576 sq. m. Drained by Chariton r. and branch- 
es. Surface undulating, chiefly prairie and soils ferlilc. 
Farms 153 ; manuf. 2 ; dwell. 521, and pop.— wh. 3.124, fr. 
col. 7— total, 3,131. Capital : CentrcviUe. 

Apperson'b, p. 0., Charles City co., Virg. : 22 m. S. E. 
Eichmond, 

Apple Ckeek, p. o.. Cape Girardeau co., 3fo.: on a cr. 
of the Mississippi so colled, 157 m. E. S. E. Jefferson 
City 

Apple Ceeek, p. o., Wayne co., Ohio: on a cr. so called, 
78 m. N. E. Columbus. 

Apple Grote, p. v., Tork co., Fenn. : 82 m. S. E. Har- 
risburg. 

Apple Grove, p. o., Morgan go., Al<t. : 146 m. N. N. W. 
Montgomery. 

Apple Grove, p. v., Polk co., Ind. : 112 m. W. by N. W. 
Iowa City. 

Apple Grove, p. v., Meigs co., Ohio: S5 m. S. li Co- 
lumbus. 

AppLETON, p. v., Licking co,, Ohio : 41 m. E. by N. Co- 
lumbus. Pop. 42. 
Appleton, p. v.. Pern,' co. III.: Ill m. S. Springfield. 
Appleton, p. v., Winnebago co., Wise. : S2 ra. N. by E. 
Madison. 

Appling county, Ga, Situate S. E., and contains 1,120 
m. Drained by Ocmulgee and Alatamaha rivers in tlie N., 
and the tributaries of Santilla r. in the S. Surface level, de- 
clining to S. E. : soils sandy and light. Farms 313 ; dwell. 
410, and pop.— wh. 2,621, fr. col. 24, si. 404— total, 2,949. Cap- 
ital : Holmcsville. 
44 



Appling, p. v. and cap., Columbia co., Ga.: on Great 
Kiokee cr., 63 m. E. by N. Milledgeville. 

Appling, p. v., Jefferson co., A\ Y.: 149 m. W. N. W. 
Albany. 

Appomattox county, Virff. Situate centrally between 
James and Appomattox rivers, and contains 320 sq. m. 
Drained chiefly by Appomattox r. and several tril>utarie3 
of James r. Surface level and soils of good quatily. Farms 
602 ; manuf. 10 : dwell. 7S5, and pop.— wh. 4,210, fr. cul. 1S4, 
si. 4,799— total, 9,193. Capit<il : Clover Hill. 

Appomattox river, Vij-g. : is a branch of James r., which 
it joins 60 m. above its mouth, and ia navigable to the falb 
20 m. above the junction ; and, by means of a canal-boat, 
navigation is extended SO m. farther up. 

AppoiiCiNiMLNK, hund., Jiewcaatlc co., De*. : area 7a,07i5 
acre** and pi^p. 3,327. 

Aquasco, p. v., Prince George's co., Md. : on W. side 
Patuxent r., 28 m. S. S. W. Annapolis. 

Aqueduct, p. v., Westmorland co., Penn.: 123 m. W. 
Harrisburg. 

Aqueduct, »ta.^ Dauphin co., Penn, . on Pennsylvania 
E. U., IS m. E. Harrisburg. 

Aquia, p. v., Stafford co., Virg. : on N. side of cr. so 
called, 4 m. from its confluence with Potomac r., 61 m. N". 
Richmond. 

Aquia Creee Landing, Stafford co., Yirg^ : the N. ter- 
minus of the Richmond, Frederic, and Potomac R. R. 
Steamers from Washington connect the northern and south- 
em lines of railroads — distance 55 m. 

AQUIL1.A, p. v., Franklin co., Ga. : 89 m. N. N. E. Mil- 
led gevi lie. 

Aquone. p. o., Macon co., K. Car. : 273 m. W. S. W. Ra- 
leigh. 

AniNSAB, p. v., Refugio co., Tev. : 192 m. S. Austin City, 

Ararat, p. o., Patrick co., Virg. : 174 m. S. W. Rich- 
mond. 

Arator, p. v., Pettis co., Mo. : on a cr. of south fork of 
Missouri r., 49 m. W. Jefferson City. 

Arba, p. v., Randolph co., Virg,: 163 m. N. W. Rich- 
mond. 

Arbacoochee, p. v., Randolph co., Ala.: 75 m. N. E. 
Montgomery. 

Acbuckle, p. v., Mason co., Virg. : 162 m. W. by N. 
Richmond. 

Arcadia, p. v., Bienville par.. La. : 177 m. N. W. Baton 
Rouge. 

Arcadia, t and p. v., Wayne co., A^. I' ; on Meed cr,, 
191 m. W. Albany. The v. lies on tlie Eric Canal. 

Arcadia, p. v., Morgan eo., III.: on N. county line, 86 
ra. W. Springfield, 

Arcadla, p. v., Washington co., P. I. : 23 m. S. S. W. 
Providence. 

Arcadia, p. v., Madison co.. Mo.: on a cr. of St. Fran- 
cois r., 106 m. S. E. Jefferson City. 

Arcadia, p. v.. Sullivan co., Tenn. : 121 m. E. Nashville 

ArcukRj t. and p. o., Harrison co., Ohio: 93 m. E. N. E. 
Columbus. Pop. 876. 

AROinBALD, p. o., Luzemo co., Penn. : 92 m. N. E. Har- 
risburg. 

Arcola, p. v., Loudon CO., Virg.: in S. E. extremity of 
CO.. 92 m. N. Richmond. 

Ar.coLA, p. v., Warren co., 2^. Car^: 49 m. N. N. E. Ra- 
leigli. 

Arcola, p. v., Lake co., Ohio: 151 m. N. N. E. Columbus. 
Tbe iron ^\ <^irks of the village are extensive, and it is other- 
wise flourishing. 

Arena, t. and p, v., Iowa co., TTjV. ; on the S. side Wis- 
coni^in r., 31 m. W. by N. Madison. Pop. 402. 

Arenac county, Mich. Situate E. on Saginaw Bay, and 
contains 504 sq. m. Drained by Rifle, Pine, and other 
streams. A new co. since 1S5U. 

Arendtsville, p. v., Adams co., Penn.: 42 m. S. S, W. 
Harrisburg. 



ARE 



ATIK 



Aeenzville, p. v., Cas3 c-o., III.: on a cr. of Illinois r., 
49 m. W. Springtii-Ul. 

Aegkntinb, t. and p. o., Genesee ci^-,Mich.: on Shia- 
wassee r., 3G ra. E. Lansin;^. Pop. 43fj. 

Aeoo, p. v., Carroll co., IlL : 152 in. N. N. W. Springfield. 

Argo, p. v., Hall CO., Ga. : 9S m. N. Jlilk-dffeville. 

AitGO. p. v.. Crawford co., Mo. : in the N. W. corner co., 
on a branch of Bourbease cr. of Maramec r., 54 ai. E. Jef- 
ferson City. 

AnGOSviLLE, p. v., Schoharie co., JV. }'; 42 m. W. Al- 
bany. 

ARGua, p. v., Montgomery co., Ala. : 21 m. S. E. Mont- 
gomery. 

Argyle. t. and p. o., Penobscot co., Me. : on W. eiilo Pen- 
obscot r,, 69 m. N. E. Augnsta. Pop. -338. 

Akgvlk, p. v., Lafayette, co., Wise: on Peketonica r., 
86 m. S. "W. Madison. 

Argyle, p. v., Cumberland co., J^. Car. : 42 m. S. Haleigli. 

Argylf., p. v., .Jefferson co., Mo. : 94 m. E. by S. Jeffer- 
son City. 

AiuiYi.F., t. and p. v., Washington co., iV. T.: on Moses- 
kill, 33 m. N. All)any. Pop. 3.'2T4. 

Argyle, p. v., M'Donough co., III. : 70 m. N. W. Spring- 
field. 

Ariel, p. v., Marion dtsL, S. Car. : SO m. E. Columbia. 

Ariel, p. v., "Wayne co., Petin. : 102 m. N. E. llarrisburg. 

AiuspE, p. v.. Bureau co., IlL: lOS ra. N. Springfield. 

Ar.K. p. v., l)e Kalb co., Ga. : 74 ra. N. W. Milledgeville. 

Ar.KADKLPiiiA, p. V. and cap. Clark co., ArA:: 79 m. S. 
"W. Liltlo Roek. Pop. 245. 

AEKANSA9 couniy, Ark: Situato E. on Arkansas r., ncnr 
its entrance into the Mississippi r., and contains 960 sq. m. 
Drained by a number of creeks, trilHitaries of Arkansas r., 
and of White r., wliieh latter forms its N. E. bor-ler. Sur- 
face generally le\'el, low, and subject to inundation. West- 
ward it rises somewhat, and hero commences " Grand Prai- 
rie," a' fine, fertile country. Farma 153; dwell. 3'2S, and 
pnp._wh. 1,695, fr. col. 12, si. 1,53S— total, 3,245. Capital : 
Arkansas Post. 



Arkansas Post, p. v. antl cap. Arkansas t-ii.,JrA\: on 
the N. side of Arkansas r., 52 m. from its CH-inflnence with 
Mississippi r. It ia Iho ohlest town in the Stale, having 
been founded by the French in 16S5. Fop. 584. 

Ahkansas river: one of the principal tributaries of the 
Mississippi r. It rises in the Kocky ints., near the sourres 
of the Del Norte, about lat. 40© N., and falls into the 
Mississippi, 400 m. above Ked r., in hit. 3«^ 40'. Its wliolo 
length is 2,170 m., of which 1,9S0 are navigal)le. It sur- 
passes all the rivers of the middle region of the U. S. in 
tlie gracefulness and regularity of its windings, and tlio 
beauty and luxuriance of the cotton-wood groves that adorn 
its l»ai>ka. In spring floods, steamboats can ascend it near- 
ly tu its source : the channel is broad, and tlie navigation is 
safe, unobalructed by rocks, shoals, or rapids. The shores, 
as far W. as Little llock, arc unhealthy, large tract.^ on both 
sides tn'ing covered with lakes and stagnant pools. The 
country is a dead level, and tliere the drainage is imper- 
fect. On the Great Prairie, that commences immediately 
above the port, and extends for 90 m. up the country, the 
elimate becomes more healthy, and this tract is thoroughly 
TeiiLiiated; but in the closely-wooded bottoms the air ia 
heavy and inelastic, and the mosquitos very troublesome. 
Still further up, the climate and country improve. Near the 
sources of the river, silver has been found; and the soil of 
the districts through which the river flows is so saturated 
with salt, that the waters are strongly impregnated and 
rendered unfit for drinking. Independent of the tfHi saline 
quality of the water, the vast proportion of red mold which 
is carried away by the current, produces a similar disipiali- 
fying effect as to its uses for general purposes. Arkansas 
IMver has been called the "Paradise of Savages," from Iho 
number of wild animals that are continually wandering 
along its banks. 

Arkansas (LitMe) river: a tributary of Arkansas r. It 
rises in the deep aandaUuvial district, and crosses the traders' 
route from Missouri to Santa F6, and falls into the Arkan- 
sas Proper, 1,700 m. from its junction witli the Mississippi 
r, in lat. 32^ 30' N., and long. 9S° "W. 



THE STATE OF ARKANSAS. 

ARKANSiS 13 bounded nn Ihe north by Missouri, on llio Nisi by Tennessee and Mississippi, on the soulh by Louisiana, 
and on the west by tlie Indian Territory and Texas ; and extends Kenerally between tlie latitmles m° and 36° 3(1' north, 
and the longilndes S0° 30' and 94° 30' west from Greenw icli, or V2° i'i' anrl 17° 2»' west from Washington. Its length 
from nortJi to south is 342 miles, and its breadlh from cast to west varies from 170 miles on the south line to 25S milca on 
the 36th parallel, where it is widest. The area of the State is 52.1 lis square miles. 

The surface of Arkansas presents great variations iu its (*onHi;nralioii. Alons the Mississippi Elver, which demarks ita 
boundary on the east, and for 30 to 50 miles inland, the country is low and widoly iiitersiiersed with lakes and swamps, 
and with inconsiderable exceptions, is annually overflowed by the llooils of the Mississippi. Arkansas, and St. Francis. 

In regard to the country T|est of the Mississippi, says Col. Long, it is proper to observe, that the broad valley of the 
Lower Mississippi, which islerminated to the north by the billy e.ninlry, conneeled with a continuous rocky bar, or reef, 
tra\er.sing the beds both of the Mississippi and the ( Hiio, about 12 niilfs aliove tlieir junction, and denominated the Grand 
('bain of those rivers respectively, and which stretches southward, interrupted by a single hill, or ridge, elevated more 
IJian a few feet above the reach of the hisrhest floods; that this entire valley region, once probably an arm or estuary of 
the ocean, hnd inhabited by the monsters of the deeji, but long since reclaimed liy the immense alluvion precipitated 
over the Grand Chain, in cataracts incomparably more grand and sIii])endous than that of Niagara, and borne thither 
on the backs of countless Hoods, rs one conliiiued ami almost lioundkss flat, broken only by a multiplicity of water- 
courses, lagoons, and bayous, some of them tributary to the Mississippi, and others siipidicd from it. and exhibits an as- 
pect variegated rather than embelli.shed by the inciiualities just mentioned, together with countless swamps, slashes, 
stagnant pools, etc. Across this valley there are as yet no pass<'s by land secure from frequent and protracted interrup- 
tions, occasioned by overflows from the rivers by which it is traversed, nor is there any encouraging prospect that roads 
can be hereafter constrncted to any toler.able advantage, except in a very few instances. 

The country through wliii4i the SL Francis Itivcr pa.sses is one .T.ntinuous swamp. The surface iiresents, in orrli- 
nary times, an allornating appearance of lakes, bayous, cypress lands, and marshy ground : the lakes free from any growth 
oftiinbcr, except of cypress, growing in the water close to the banks, and the bayous, also IVee from timber, but frequently 
lying in broad and deep valleys, wooded not less thickly than the high ground, and containing comparatively little 
undergrowth. The valleys are in many cases inundated to the depth of l.'. or 20 feet, or even more. The ponds are 
mostly filled with very large cypress trees, growing in the water, where its depth does not exceed 3 or 4 feet, except in 
time of overflow. The marshy ground is filled with tr.'es of immense size, ]>rin<-ipally gum .and sycamore, in the lower 
places, and white oak and hickory in those that are a little higher and ilryi-r, having occasionally brakes of cane v.-ry 
thickly set, and frequently rising to the height of 20 and .30 feet, and of proportionate diameter. 

Farther west the surface rises, and toward the centre of the State becomes moderately hilly, and farther west still it 

45 



ARKANSAS. 



rises into the Ozark Mountains. There are numerous and extensive prairies interspersed throughout, but much of the 
land is well wooded, and in many places it is covered with a heavy forest. 

Of the highlands that have been called the Ozark or Masseme Mountains, our knowledge is verj- imperfect. They 
consist of several low ridges, irregidar in their direction, and seldom rising to an elevation of more than 1.500 or 2,000 
foot. They appear to be composed chiefly of socondan' rocks, limestones, clay slates, and sandstones, traversed in many 
places by dykes of greenstone, granite, and sienite. Those portions of this region which have been examined are 
found to be rich in metaUic minerals, of which iron and lead, copper and zinc exist in great profusion. Coal and salt 
also abound ; and there are Taluable thermal and sulphurous springs. The Hot Springs of the Washita are remarkable 
for their high temperature, but are not powerfully impregnated with any mineral substances; they burst forth in great 
numbers and volume in a small valley lying between two lofty ridges of sandstone, and vary in temperature from 105^ 
to 1510 Fahr. There are said to be more than seventy of these springs, several rising from the bed of a small stream 
which flows through the valley, and others issuing from the bounding ridges, at various heights. The Washita oilstones, 
or novaculites, so much esteemed, are found in this region. 

The chmate of Arkansas is temperate, but subject to sudden and frequent variations ; and the whole country is ex- 
posed to the effect of the cold north winds which render the central portions of the United States so cheerless in the 
wintc-r season. The same winds traverse southward to the equator, and are known in the Gulf of Mexico as the " north- 
ers," the terror of seamen navigating that sea. Yet in the spring, summer, and fall the seasons are highly propitious to 
agi'iculture, and here cotton, Indian corn, and, in fact, all the great staples of the country And the climato highly con- 
genial. The soils vary from the most sterile to the most fertile, and on the margins of all the rivers the productiveness 
is unbounded. On most of these the soil is a rich alluvion deposited from the washings of the floods, deep and wide, 
covering millions of acres. Back from the rivers the soil becomes more and more sterile, and in many parts it is unfit for 
culture, either from scarcity of water or from metaUic impregnation. The principal growths are pines, cypresses, syca- 
mores, and oaks, according to the formation, and on the prairies, which are extensive, is that rank grass for which thia 
description of land is so famous. On the whole, Arkansas has many advantages for agriculture, and it has many dis- 
advantages. Where the latter, however, exist they are fully compensated for by the abundance of its minerals. It is 
also well stocked with wild animals, as the buffalo, deer, elk, beaver, otter, rabbit, raccoon, wild cat, catamount, woWi 
bear, etc., which are valuable for their skins, and there is also a plentiful supply of wild turkeys, geese, quails, and other 
species of birds. 

The State is traversed or washed by several of the largest rivers in America. The Mississippi bathes its eastern front for 
more than 350 miles by its windings, but affords no sites suitable for large towns in the present condition of the country. 
The Arkansas, one of the largest tributaries of the Mississippi, traverses the whole breadth of the Stat« through its centre 
by a ver>' tortuous course of about 1,530 miles, and is navigable during the greater part of the year far above its western 
limits. The Red River flows through the south-western comer, which is thus rendered accessible to steamboats. All (ho 
other rivers, some of which are of great magnitude, empty themselves into these three, affording navigable facilities to 
almost every quarter of the State. The St. Francis is a large and full river, rising in the eastern highlands of Missouri. 
Its channel) however, is much obstructed by numerous rafts or jams of fallen trees, and above and below the northern 
boundarj' its waters are dispersed in such a manner as to render the navigation intricate and difHeult. The "Spread," 
as it is called by the inhabitants, extends for the space of about 50 miles, with a width in some parts of 20 miles, and is 
attributed to the earthquake of ISll, at which time a large tract of country sunk considerably below its former level, and 
the waters of the rivers were dissipated in numerous lakes and branches. The White River has its sources in the south- 
western part of the State, and passes into Missouri, whence it soon returns, reaching the Mississippi in a general 
south-easteriy course. Its length is not less than GOO miles; and although at present it is elioked up in many places by 
accumulations of drill-wood, steamboats ascend it as far as Balerville, 260 miles, and on the removal of these obstructions 
will be able to ascend it 200 miles farther. Tlie White River receives several large tributaries from Missouri, of which 
the Big Black, a navigable stream, is the principal ; the Cache and Little Red River have their courses wholly within 
this State. The Arkansas receives no considerable tributary. The Washita, a noble river running through a fertile and 
beautiful region, drains nearly the whole southern part of tlie State: rising near the western border, it flows nearly 
parallel with the White River and the Arkansas, first east, and then south-east, and is navigable upward of 350 miles 
from its mouth. The Little Missouri, the Saline, the Bayou Bartholomew, the Bayou Boeuff, and Uie Bayou Magon, are 
its principal tributaries. 

Arkansas formed a part of French Louisiana, and subsequently and until 1819, a portion of Missouri Territory. At tlie 
latter date it was erected into a separate territory, under its present name. In 15^36 it was admitte<l into the Union as an 
independent State. The progress of its population was comparatively slow from 1S20 to 1&40 : but since— as shown by 
the last census— the progress compares well with tlie mojt progressive of the States. In ISOO it contained only 1,052 
Inhabitants, chiefly settled near the mouth of tlie Arkansas River, and consisting of Frenchmen, whose progenitors 
settled Arkansas Post, the oldest white settlement of the countr>'. In 1S20 tlie population was U,27;J; in 1S30, 30,333; in 
1340, i)7,5T4, and in 1S50, 209,63!), of which 162,063 were white persons, 5S9 fVec colored persons, and 46,9S2 slaves. Deaf 
and dumb, 89; blind, SI ; insane, 63: and idiotic, 102. The State was, at the latter date, divided into 51 counties, as 
follows: Arkansas, Ashley, Benton, Bradley, Carroll, Chicot, Clark, Conway. Crawford. Crittenden. Uallas, Desha, Drew, 
Franklin, Fulton, Greene, Hempstead, Hot Springs, Independence, Izard, Jackson, Jefferson. Johnson, Lafayette, Law- 
rence, Madison, Marion, Mississippi, Monroe, Montgomerj', Newton, Rerry, Philips, Pike, Poinsett, I'olk, Pope, Prairie, 
Pulaski, Randolph, SL Francis, Saline, Scott, Searcy, Sevier, Uniou, Van Buren, Washington, Washita, White, and Yell. 

Arkansas is almost wholly occupied in agricultural pursuits; its ni:inufactures are merely in their inception, whether 
as to diversity or number of establishments; nor has it the advantage of a seaward commerce. The statistics afforded 
by the census of 1S50, and other official reporl.s, exhibit the condition of the State to be as follows : 

Occupied Lamls, ,/c.— Improved lands, 731,531 acres, and unimproved lands. 1,316,634 acres, valued at $15,265,245. 
Number of farms, 17,753. Value of farming implements and madiinerj-, $1,601,296. 

Lire Stock.— l\or%Q9,m,\Ti\ asses and mules, 41,559 ; mUch cows, 93,151 ; working oxen, a4,239 ; other catUc, 165,820; 
sheep, 91,256; swine, 330,727- valued at $6,647,969. 

P/-0(f«(ft?.— Wheat, 199.639 bushels : rye, 3,047 : Indian com, 3,393,939 ; oats. 656.133 ; bariey, 177 : buckwheat, 175 ; peas 

and beans, 235,733 ; Irish potatoes. 193,332 ; sweet potatoes 7SS,149 bushels ; rice, 63,179 pounds ; tobacco, 213,936 pounds ; 

ginned cotton, 6.5.346 bales of 400 pounds; hay, 3,977 tons ; clover seed, 90 bushels, and other grass seed, 43G ; hops, 157 

pounds; water-rotted hemp, 15 tons; flax, 12,291 pounds; flaxseed, 321 bushels; maple sugar, 9,380 pounds; molassca 

46 



ARKANSAS 



IS pallons; wine, 35 gallons: value of products of orchards, $40,141, and of market-s^ardon products. $17.1uO; beeswax 
and honey. 192.33S pounds ; sUk coccoons, 8S pounds ; wool, 183.595 pounds ; butter, 1,584,239, and cheese, SO.OSS pounds ; 
and the value of animals slaughtered, $1,162,913. Home-made manufactures were valued at |;63$,21T. 

Manufactures. — Aggregate capital invested, $0,00i.),000 ; value of raw material, fuel, etc., consumed, $000,000; 
average number of hands employed, 0,000 ; males, 0,000, and females. 000 ; average monthly cost of male labor, $00,000, 
and of female labor, $0,000; annual value of products, $000,000. The whole number of manufacturing esUiblishmonls, 
producing to the value of $500 and upward annually, was 271 ; and of these three were cotton factories, employing a 
capital of $16,500, and using 170 bales of cotton annually, valued at $8,975 ; hands employed, 13 males and IS females; 
entire monthly cost of male labor, $190, aud of female labor, $106; annuaJ product, 81,200 pounds yarn, valued at 
$16.t'»37. The remaining and most numerous of the industrial pursnit.s of Arkansas, are those incident to all agricultural 
States, or such as are immediately needed, as carriage-makers, blacksmiths, tanners, etc. The distribution of manufac- 
tures in this State is very unequal ; of the counties, 15 have no manufacturing cstalilishmeuts, 17 have less than five, 7 
have five and less than ten, 7 have ten and less than flfteeu, 2 liavo fifteen and less than twenty, and 3 have twenty and 
upward. 

Commerce, Ifite>'7ial Coramunication, etc. — Arkansas has no direct intercourse with foreign countries. Its export 
staples arc carried to New Orleans for shipment, and most of its supplies are drawn from tlie same quarter. On all the 
gre^it rivers steamboats jily regularly, and in sufficient numbers f>r the present wants of the population. Few fif the 
roads are good, being chiefly earth tracks, almost impassable in wet weather. No radroads exist throughout the State, 
but there are several projected, and the spirit of enterprise appears to bo alive on the subject. The initial point of ihc 
system projected is Helena, on the Missiasippi, whence a direct line will be built to Little Rock, the capital, with an ex- 
tension from that point to the Ked Kiver to meet the Texas roads pointing east, and another extension by way of \\\\\ 
Buren and Fort Smith, to be ultimately carried into the Indian territory, this latter being a part and parcel of the Gn.-<it 
Southern Pacific Raih-oad. From these trunk lines branches will be built tapping the principal valleys, and giving to 
each section of the State facilities of direct railroad communication with the Mississippi rivers, and New Orleans the nat- 
ural outlet of jVrkansas products ; a railroad is also projected from the main trunk west of "White PLiver northward 
through the fine agricultural and mineral region of Northern Arkansas and Southern Missouri. 

Banks. — "No bank or banking institution shall be hereafter (1847) incorporated or estabUshed in this Stiite." None 
are now in operation, and the old "Stale Bank" has for some lime beon in liquidation. 

Oovernment.—ln. accordance with the Stat* Constitution, adopted 4th January, 1S30, every free white male citizen 
of the United States, 21 years old, and a citizen of Arkansas for six mouths next before the election, may vote in the 
district or county in which he resides. The Legislature consists of a Senate of 25 members, and a House of Representa- 
tives of 75 members. Senators must be at least 30 years of age, inhabitants of the State for one year before the election, 
and of the district at the time, and are chosen for four years. Representatives must be at least 25 years of age, resident 
in tlieir counties, and are chosen for two years. The governor is clcoteii by a plurality of votes; he must be 30 years 
of age, a native bom citizen of the United States, and have resided in the State four years, and is chosen for four years 
(but is not eligible more than eight in any twelve years). His -veto to any bill passed is negatived by a subsequent ma- 
jority vote of each house. In case of his disability or death, first the President of the Senate, and after him the Speaker 
of the Representatives, becomes governor to the end of the term. The Secretary of State, auditor, and treasurer, are 
elected by joint vote of the two houses. The Legislature jnctcts at the Capital biennially. 

Arkansas, under the law regulating the distribution of Representatives to Congress, has a delegation of two; membtrs. 

The judiciary consists of a Supreme Court, which has a chief and two associate justices, an attorney, clerk, and reporter ; 
six circuit courts, each with a judge and attorney, and county courts, etc. The Supreme Court has appellate jurisdiction 
only, except in particular cases pointed out by the Constitution. It holds two terms annually, in AprU and October, at 
the seat of government. The justices are elected by the Genera! Assembly, by joint ballot, for eight years. Circuit 
courts have original jurisdiction over all criminal cases not exj)ressly provided for othen^ise by law, and exclusive 
original jurisdiction of all crimes amounting to felony at eonmion law ; and original jurisdiction of all civil eases which 
arc not cognizable before justices of the peace ; and in all matters of contract where the sum in controversy is over $100. 
Two terms are held annually in each circuit. The judges and prosecuting attorneys are elected by the people, the former 
for four years, and the latter for two years. The justices of the peace in each county form a county court, and have 
exclusive jurisdiction in civil cases below $100. The justices are elected in towns for two years. 

Fimuices.—The whole revenue for the biennial period 1849-50, amounted to $329,615 54, and the whole amount re- 
ceived into the treasurj- from all sources, was $495,194 S4. The total paid out amountetl to $433,975 OS, leaving a balance 
ofv.ariou3 accounts of $61,219 76. The State debt consists of bonds issued to the State Bank, and whicirare unre- 
deemed ; these consist of 6 per cents., amounting to $936,000, duo 1S6S, and accumulated interest thereon, $519,480; and 
5 per cents., $39,000, due ISS", and interest, $17,062 50-^>r a total of debt and interest, $1,500,562 50, on which tlie annual 
accruing interest is $90,131 80. The total value of taxable property in the State in 1850, was $84,995,885, on which in 
that year a tax of $93,540 was levied. 

lieligiom Denominatiom.~'V\^Q principal denominations in this State, according to statistics published by their own 
bodies in 1S50, exhibited the following statements of their relative strength : Baptists, 6 assoei.ilions, 78 churches, 49 
ministers, and 2,509 members; Methodists, 60 traveling. 4 superannuated, and 153 local preachers, and 12,151 members ; 
r.oman Catholic, 7 churches, and 12 other stations, 6 ministers, and ai)out 3,000 members; Protestant Episcopal, 2 clergy. 
The Roman Catholics are under the Bishop of Liltle Rock, and the Protestant Episcopalians under the missionary 
Bishop of Arkansas. The Presbyterians are numerous, but in consequence of the statistics of this denomination being 
included in synods, not co-extensive with the State, it is impossible to assess the apportionment duo to i\j-kans:ts 
separately. 

SchooU and 37uc(Uion.—X\ihough Arkansas has had advantages to foster education equal to any others of tlie new 
Slates, her improvident legislators have not improved them. There are but few common schools in the State. In each 
lownsliip the lOth section is given by Congress for the support of sohools, and the revenue arising from leases of salt 
springs, and from estrays sold, forms part of the school fund. There are academies and high schools in Little Rock, 
Fayettevillc, Washington, Camden, and some other places. There is no State College, although Congress granted to the 
State seventy-two sections of land (2,592 acres) for the purpose of f-mnding an institution of learning: this, by a law of 
the Legislature of 1S49, and in utter defiance of the intentions of Congress, was distributed among the counties. The 
only effurt to estabhsh a college has been made by the Roman Catholics. In 1850 the Legislature granted them a charter 

47 



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for the College of St. Aiulrewe, near Fort Smith, in Crawford county. The collegia has a presuU-nt and five professors^ 
and its course of studies embraces all the branches taught in the best institutions. The Ecclesiastical Seminary is located 
on the college grounds, and is considered one of the finest edifices in the Union. St Mary's Academy, for young ladies^ 
nl Little Kook, is also a Catholic institution. 

Periodical Preaa.—ln all the State there are but 14 periodicals— 13 are issued weekly, and one at a period of two 
weeks. The aggregate circulation of the weekly papers is only 7,250 copies, or 377,000 copies annually. Of the whole 
number of papers, three aro Whig in politics, and five Democratic, the remaining six being devoted to liltTature, religion, 
and various other subjects. Many single counties in New York and Ohio contribute more to litoraturc than the whole 
of this State. 

" Arkansas, Avith all that nature has done for her, is far behind her neighbors in improvements, population, and general 
prosperity. It is a source of humiliation to make these acknowledgments; but tlio truth should be told, though the 
?wavti/)s faU." Such was tlie language of the Committee on Arkansas Kailroads, at the New Orleans Convention, in 
1851, and such must be the response of every intelligent resident of the Stale. Witli her increase of population, and 
reviving prosperity, however, it is to be hoped that so magnificent a State, one so richly endowed and so blessed with a 
propitious climate and soU, will take heed and redeem itself from the just opprobrium of the enlightened among th^m 
selves, and of the world that is observant of tlieir progress. 

Little Rock is the State capital. 



Abkpokt, p. T., Steuben co., JV. Y. : on Canisteo r., 21S 
m. V,\ by S. Albany. 

Abkville, p. v., Delaware co., K K ; 57 m. S. W. Al- 
bany. 

Ahkwright, t. and p. v., Chautauque co., K Y. : 396 m. 
"W. by S. Albany. Pop. l,2S3. 

Aklington, p. o., Hancock co., Ohio: S3 m. N. N. "W. 
Columbus. 

Ablington, t. and p. v., Bennington co., Verm. : on 
Green r. and Battenkill, S9 m. S. 3. W. Montpelicr. Fine 
marble abounds in the t. Pop. 1,0S4. 

Ablington, p. v., Bureau co., lU. : 110 m. N. Springfield. 

Armada, p. v., Macomb co., Mich, : on the N. branches 
of Clinton r., S4 m. W. Lansing. 

Armagh, p. v., Indiana co., Penn. : in S. E. comer of co., 
12S m. W. Harrisburg. 

Armenia, p. v., Scriven co., Ga. : 110 m. E. S. E. MU- 
ledgeville. 

ABwiESBLTtG, p. V., Parke co., Ind. : on E. side of Ver- 
million r., 66 m. W. Indianapolis. 

Armington, p. v., Tazewell co., lU. : in the S. E. comer 
of CO., 42 m. N. by E. Springfield. 

Armstrong county, Penn. Situate "W". middle, and con- 
tains 575 sq. m. Drained by several tributaries of Alle- 
ghany r., which runs through iL Surface somewhat liilly, 
but agreeably diversified. Soils of average fertility, pro- 
ducing principally wheat and oats. Farms 1,612; manof. 
93 ; dwell. 5.052, and pop.— wh. 29,431, fr. col. 129— total, 
29,560. Capital: Kittaning. 

Armstrong, p. v., Wabash co., lU. : on a cr. of "Wabash 
r., 142 m. S. E. Springfield. 

Armstrong Academy, p. o., Choctaw Nation, Tnd, Tcr. 

Armstkong Mills, p. o., Belmont co., Ohio: 108 m. E. 
Columbus. 

Abmuchee, p. v., Floyd co., Ga. : on the W. side of Ar- 
niochee cr. of Oostananlu r., a tributary of Coosa r., 144 m. 
N. "W. Milledgeville. 

Arneytown, p. v., Burlington co., 2^. Jer. : 15 ra. S. E. 
Trenton. 

Arnkeim,^p. v., Brown co., Oiiio: S2 m. S, S. "W. Colum- 
bus. Pop. OU 

Arnoldsburg, v., Gilmer co., Yirg.: 216 m. W. by N, 
Richmond. 

Arnoldton, p. v., Ulster co., N. Y. : 58 m. S. Albany. 

Arsoldton, p. v., Campbell co., Yirg. : 102 m. W. S. "W. 
Richmond. 

Arnon, p. v.. Wills CO., III. : 5 m. from Indiana State 
line, and 146 N. E. Springfield. 

Aroostook county. Me. Sihiate N. and N. E., and con- 
tains about 6.800 sq. m. Drained by the Woolastook, Alla- 
gash, Ajfoostook of the St. John, and Mattawamkeag of the 
Penobscot. Xumcrous lakes and isolated hills are spread 
over thw county. Tlits is the largest county of the State, 
but is propled only in its S. E. portion. Wheat, oats, and 
potatoes are the chief products. Farms 1,228 ; manuf. 59 ; 
48 



dwell. 2,038, and pop.— wh. 12,529, fr. col. 6— total, ]2,.586. 
Capital: Houlton. 

Aboostook, p. v., Aroostook co.. Me. 

Aroostook river, Me. : rises in the N. part of the State, 
its head waters being separated from those of Penobscot r. 
by a stretch of highlands. Its course is circuitous, general- 
ly easterly, until it falls into St. John's r. on the New Bmns- 
wick line, in lat. 4iP 05' N. The lands on this river are 
fertile, and produce the finest qualities of grain and grasses. 
Its length is upward of 100 m. < 

Arrington, p. v., Williamson, co., Tenn. : 18 m. S. Nash- 
ville. 

Aerowood, p. v., Spartanburg dist, S. Car. : 72 m. N. N. 
W. Columbia. 

Arrow Rock, p. o.. Saline co., Mo. : on S. bank of Mis- 
souri r., 54 ra. W. N. W. Jefferson City. 

ABROWSMTrns, p. o., Defiance co., Ohio: 104 m. N. W. 
Columbus. 

Arsenal, p. o., Alleghany co., Penm.. : 19 m. W. Ilarris- 
burg. 

Arthuesburg, p. v.. Duchess co., K. Y. : 76 m. S. by E. 
Albany. 

Artiiurton, p. v., M'llenry co., JU.: 173 m. N. E. 
Springfield. 

Artio, p. v., Be Kalb co., ItuI.. : 122 m. N. E. Indian- 
apolis. 

AsBURY, p. v., La Salle co.. 111. : in the N. E. part of the 
CO., a mile W. of Rock r. and 134 m. N. N. E. Spring- 
field. 

AsBURY, p. v., Fayette co., Ala. : on the E. side of Loox- 
apatjlla cr., 126 m. N. W. Montgomery. 

AsBUBY, p. v., Warren co., K. Jer. : 41 m. N. Trenton. 

AsBURY, p. v.. Perry co., Ohio: 47 m. E. S. E. Columbus. 

AsBURY, p. v., Montgomery co., Tenn. : 52 m. W. N W. 
Nashville. 

AsBURY, p. v., Troup co., Oa. : 102 m. W. Milledgeville. 

Ascension parish, La. Situate S. W. of E. Dist., on 
both sides of Mississippi r., and contains :;80 sq. m. Drained 
W. by tributaries of Grand r., and E. by those of Amitife, 
etc. Surface low and level, subject to inundation. froiiS 
which it is partially protected by levees or embankments. 
Oranges, figs, peaches, etc., grow in profusion : cotton and 
sugar are the staple products. Farms 157 ; dwell. 755, and 
pop.— wh. 3,339, fr.col. 147, si. 7,266— total, 10,752. Capi- 
tal : Donaldson ville. 

AscuTNEY mountain, Verm. : situate in the towns of 
Windsor and Wcthersfletd. It is chiefiy composed of gran- 
ite, and is almost destitute of vegetation. Its elevation above 
the Connecticut r. is 3,11C, and above the ocean, 3,320 feet. 
Its ascent is steep and rugged. 

AsHAPOo Feert, p. 0., Colleton dist., 8. Car. : IDS m. S. 
E. Columbia. 

ARnnoRoroH, p. v., and cap. Randolph co., N. Car.: 69 
m. W. Raleigh. Pop. 1,970. 

AsuBUBNOAM, t. and p. c, Worcester co., Ma»8. : a hilly 



ASH 



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dietricl, drained by tributarit'3 of the Connecticut and Mer- 
rimae, 48 m. W. N. \V. Boslon. Pop. 1,S75. 

AsuBL'RNHAH UepOt, p. 0., Worcester oo., 3fass. : on the 
Yermimt and Massaclmsetls H. K., 11 m. N. W. Fitchburg. 
AsHBY, p. v., Coles CO., III. : 74 E. Springfield. 
AsHBY, t. and p. o., Middlesex co., Mtiss. : 44 m. N. W. 
Boston, on a branch of Na8hua r. Pop. 1,218. 

AauBYSBURQ, p. v., Uopklns co., Ky. : 122 m. W. by S. 
Frankfort. 

AsiiK county, y. Oir. Situate N. W. extreme, and con- 
tains 7G0 sq. ra. Drained by New r. of the Orcat Kana- 
wha, and other streams. Surface, an elevated plateau, be- 
tween Blue PLidge and Stony Mountain : soils good. Farms 
V2bii ; manuf. 3 ; dwell. 1.407, and pop.— wh. 8,096, fr. col. 
S6, si. 5,051— total, 8,777. Capital : Jefferson. 

Ash Creek, p. o., Oktibbeha cr., Mm. : 107 m. N. E. 
Jackson. 

AsHEBT, p. 0., Hancock co., Ohio : 70 m. N.W. Columbus. 

AsiiFiELD, t. and p. o., Franklin co., Mass.: in S. W. 
part of CO., 162 m. W. Boston. 

AfiUFOBD, t. and p. o., Windham CO., C&nti, : 29 m, E. 
Hartford, Pop. 1,291. 

AsiiFOBD, t and p. v., Cattaraugus co., iV. T. : on 8. side 
of Cattaraugus cr., 2G4 m. W. by S. Albany. Pap. l,6.j.s 

Asn Grove, p. o.. Green co., Mo.: 132 ra. S. by W. Jef- 
ferson City. 

Ash Geove, p. c, Iroquois co., ///. ; 109 ra. N. E. Spring- 
field 

AsuTPTTN, p. v., Washington co., Tfisc. ; 76 m. E. by N. 
Madison. 

Ashlajid county, Ohio. Situate N. centrally, and con- 
tains 342 sq. m. It occupies the watershed between Lake 
Erie and the Ohio r. Drained in the S. by the branches 
of Walhonding r., and in the N. by those of Vermillion and 
Black rivers. Surface rolling, and soils rich and produc- 
tive. Farms 2,2:35 ; manuf. 71 ; dwell, 4,123, and pop. 
— wh. 23,789, fr. col. 3— total 23,792. Capital: Ashhind. 

AsuLAhT), p. v., Wapello co., la. : 61 m. S. 8. W. Iowa 
City. 

AsHT-ASD, p. v., Forsyth co., Ga. : 98 m. N. N. W. Mil- 
ledgeville. 

^VsTiLAKD, Franklin co., iTy. ; the late home of Hesrt 
Clay, tfw statesman of the Union: H rn. S. E. T.oxinctdii. 

Ashland, p. v.. Union co., ATy . 168 m. W. Frankfort, 

AsuLAND. t. and p. v., Greene co.. A'; Y. : 44 ra. S. W. 
Albany, Pop. 1,2S9. 

Ashland, p. v.. Wajiie co., Ttim. : on the S. side of Buf- 
falo r., 69 m. S. W. Nashville. 

Ashland, p. v.. Middlesex co., J/tMS. ; 4G m. N. W. 
Boston. Fop. of 1. 1,304. 

Ashland, p. v., De Soto par., I.a. : 1S8 m. W. N. W. Baton 
PkOu^e. 

AsHLA^^), p. v., Bertie co., N. Car. : 69 m. E. by N. Ra- 
leigh. 

Asuland, p. v., Henry co., /;«/. ; 22 m. E, by N, Indian- 
apolis. 

Ashland, p. v.. and cap. Ashland co., Ohio: 72 m. N. N. 
E.Columbus. Pop, of v. 1,264. The *' Ashlander" (whig), 
and the '• Ohio Union" (dem.), are published weekly. 

Ashland, p. v,, Wayne, co., Pemi. : 132 m. N. E, Ilarris- 
burg. 

Ashland Furnace, p. t,, Cambria co., Perm. : 94 m. W. 
Harrisbtirg. . 

Ashley county, Ark. Situate S. E. on Stato line, and 
contains 660 sq. m. Drained by creeks falling into the 
Bnyou Earlhnlomew, on the E., and Spline and Wachita 
nvers on the W. Surface level prairie, and fertil.-. Farms 
173 ; dwell. 2C9, and pop.— wli. 1,409, fr. col. 5, si. W4~total, 
2,053. Capitiit : Ashley C. H. 

Ashley, p. v., Carroll co,. Ark. : 132 m. N. N. W, Little 
Eock. 

Ashley, p. v., Pike co., Mo. : on a branch of Indian cr., 
69 m. N. E. Jefferson City. 



AsHLBY, v., Delaware co., Ohio : on Cleveland, Columbus 
and Cincinnati R. li., 31 m. N. Columbus. 

Ashley Falls, p, v., Berkshire co., Mass.: 123 m. W. 
Boslon. 

AsuLEYvrLLE, p. V., Hampden co., Mass. : 86 m. W. 
Boston. 

Ash RiDOB, p. o., Brown co., Ohdo: 84 m. S. S. W. Co- 
lumbus. 
Asu Ridge, p. o., Pulaski co,, JU. : 180 m, S. Springtield. 

Ash Run, p. o., Pendleton co., Kt/. : 49 m. N. N. E. 
Frankfort. 

Ash Speinq, p. o., Harrison co., Ter.: 312 m, N.E, 
Austin City. 

Ashtabula county, (?7wa Situate N. E. on Lake Erie, 
and contains 1,020 sq. m. Drained by Conneaut cr. and the 
Ashtabula and Grand rivers, which fall into Lake Erie, and 
by several creeks, affluents of Chenango cr., which flows 
toward the Ohio. Surface elevated and rolling, and eod 
generally fertile. Farms 2,243 ; manuf. 251 ; dwell. 5,306, 
and pop.— wh. 23,719. fr. col. 41— total 23,766. Capital : Jef- 
ferson. Puhlio Works : Cleveland, Painesville, and A-sh- 
tabula R. R. 

Ashtabula, t and p. v., Ashtabula co., Ohio: on Ash- 
tabula r., near its entrance into Lake Erie, 171 m. N. E, 
Columbus. It is a place of commercial activity, both as a 
shipping port and railroad dcp6l, being on the line of the 
Lake Shore R. R. ; and contains several fine warehouses 
and stores. Two newspapers, the " Sentinel" and the '■ Tel- 
egraph," are issued weekly. Pop. of v. 321, of t. 2,177. 

^VsHTON. p. o., Dane co., Wise. 

AsHTON, p. V.) Clark co., Mo. : 130 ra. N, N. E. Jefferson 
City. 

Ashton's, p, o., Shelby co,, Tex. : 182 m. E. by N. Aus- 
tin City. 

Ashton's Mills, p. o., Frederick co., Yirg. : 113 m. N. 
Richmond. 

Asiu'ELOT river, N. Ramp.: situate chiefly in Cheshire 
CO. It has its source in a pond in Washington, and thence 
has a southerly course to Keene, where it receives a con- 
siderable iributarj', and another joins it at Swanzey. From 
the latter point its course is S. W. to the Connecticut, which 
it joins 3 m. above the State line. 

AsHViLLE, p. v., and cap. St. Clair co., Ala. : on S. side 
of Canoe cr. of Coosa r., 93 m. N. Montgoraery. 

AsnviLLE, p. v., Pickaway co., Ohio : 23 m. S. Columbus. 

^VsnviLLE, p. v.. Holmes co.. J/ws. ; 56 m. N. Jackson. 

i\i:HviLLE, p. v., and cap. Buncombe co., 2i. Car.: on 
French Broad r., 21S m. W. Raleigh. Two newspapers, 
the " Ashville Messenger" and the " Ashville News," both 
rchi^ in politics, are published weekly. Pop. 426. 

AsnwooD, v., Tensas par., la. : 102 m. N. N. W. Baton 
Rouge. 

AsHwooD, p. v., Maury co., Tenn. : 83 ra. S. S. W. Nash- 
ville. 

Aspen Guove, p. o., Pittsylvania co., Virg.: near Ban- 
nister r. of tlie Dan, 102 m. W, 8, W. P.ichmond. 

Aspen Wall, p. o., Charlotte co., Virg.: 40 ra. S. W. 
Richmond. 

AssABET, p. o., Middlesex co., 3fass. : on the r. of same 
name, 33 m. N. W. Boston. 

Assumption parish. La. Situate S. W. of the State, and 
contains 396 sq. m. Drained by Bayou La Fourche, and 
other streams. Surface luw and marshy, subject to inunda- 
tion. Soils rich and fertile, producing com, cotton, and 
sugar. Farms 520 ; dwell. 926, and pop.— wh. 5.170, fr. col. 
27, si. 5,341— total 10,533. Capital: Napoleonville. 

Assu-MpnoN, p. v., and cap. Assumption par., La. : on 
W. Bide Bayou La Fourche, 38 m. S. Baton Rouge. 

Assyria, p. v., Barry co., Mich. : 32 ra. S. W. Lansing, 

iVsTORTA, p. v.. Wright co.,. Mo. : on a branch of Gascon- 
ade r.. .34 m. S. JeflVrson City. 

A.ST0RIA. p. v., Fulton co.. III. : on a ran of Sugar cr., 
6 m. N. W. ininois r. and 57 ra. W. N. W. Springfield. 

49 



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ATT 



AsTOBiA, p. v., Queen's co., X. Y. : on Halletl's Cove, a bay 
of the East r., near Hellgate, 132 m. S. Albany. Many New 
York merchants reside here, and are accommodated by reg- 
ular steamboat navigation. 

AsTOKiA, p. v., Clatsop CO., Oreg.: on S. side Columbia 
r., 8 m. from its mouth. It is a port of entry, and was for- 
merly a noted trading post, founded in ISll by John J. 
Astor, the modern Croesus, and even at the present time is 
little more. There are many more eligible places than this 
for both foreign and internal commerce near the mouth of 
the river. 

AflYLUM, t and p. o., Bradford co., Pem/ti. : on the S. "W. 
side of 8u3quehannah r., 98 m. E. N, E. Harrisburg. Wy- 
alusing Falls are in this town. 

Atchafalaya, p. v., Point Coupee par., La. : 42 m. N. 
"W. Baton Koage. 

Atohafataxa river, La. : an outlet of the Mississippi r., 
from which it separates 3 m. below the mouth of Red r., in 
310 20' N. lat., and 90° 4*)' W. long., and hence has a course 
S., through Louisiana, upward of 147 ra. to the bay of the 
eame name on the Gulf coast. It receives in its course the 
Plaquemine, another outlet of the Mississippi. The navi- 
gation is obstructed by rafts. 

Atohlson county, Mo. Situate in N. "W. corner of Ptate, 
on Missouri r., and contains 5?0 sq. m. Brained by tlie 
Nishnabatona, the Nodoway, and the head waters of Big 
and Little Tarkio rivers. Surface prairie, and exceedingly 
fertile. Farms 138 ; manuf. 5 ; dwell. 291, and pop.— wh. 
1,&41, fr. col. 7, si. 30— total, 1,678. mpital : Linden. 

AxirENS county, Ohio. Situate S. E. on Ohio r., and con- 
tains 4GS sq. m. Drained by Hocking r. and its tributaries. 
Surface somewhat hilly and broken, but the soils arc very 
fertile. Limestone, iron ore, and bituminous coal are abun- 
dant, and salt wells have been successfully operated in sev- 
eral districts. Farms 1,372 ; manuf. 60 ; dwell. 3,120, and 
pop.— wh. 18,119. fr. col. 96— total, 18,215. Capital : Athens. 
Pxihlic Work-'i : Hocking Canal, Belpr6 R. R., etc. 

Athens, p. v., and cap. Izard co.. Ark. : on N. side of 
"White r., 94 ra. N. Little Rock. 

Athens, p. v., and cap. Limestone co., Ala. : on a cr. of 
Tennessee r., 166 m. N. Montgomery. 

Athens, p. v., and cap. Clark co., Ga. : on W. bank of 
Oconee r.. 57 m. N. Milledgeville. It is the seat of the Uni- 
versity of Georgia, and is connected by R. R. witli Savan- 
nah, &c. Pop. ?,795 Four newspapers are published 
weekly — the " Athens Whig," the " Athens Banner" (dem.). 
the "Home of Mirth," and the *' American Mechanic." 

Athens, p. v., Menard co., lU. : 3 m. E. of Sangamon, 
r. and 11 m. N. Springfield. 

Athens, p. v., Fayette co., Ky.: on a small branch of 
Kentucky r., 3-3 m. E. S. E. Frankfort. 

Athens, p. c, Claibomo par., La. : 212 m. N. W. Baton 
Eouge. 

Athens, t. and p. v., Somerset co., M^. : on a tributary of 
Kennebec, r., 38 m. N. Angusta. Pop. 1,466. 

Athens, p. v., Monroe co., 3fl8S. : on a small tributary of 
Little Tombigbee r., 152 m. N. E. Jackson. 

Athens, L and p. o., Calhoun co., Mich. : on a tributary 
of St. Joseph's r., 59 m. S. W. Lansing. Pop. 532. 

Athens, p. v., and cap. Gentry co.. Mo.: 162 m. N. W. 
Jeflferson City. 

Athens, p. v., Clark co., 3ro, : on S. W. side of Des Moines 
r., 140 m. N. Jefferson City. 

Athens, t and p. v., Greene co., JV; Y. : on W. side of 
Hudson r., opposite the city of Hudson, between which 
there is a steam ferry, .36 m. S. Altiany. The v. is a placo 
of considerable business, and numerous sloops ply to and 
from N. York City; and the Albany and Troy steamboats 
make it a slopping place. Pop. 2,9S6. 

Athens, t, p. v., and cap. Athens co., Ohio : on the N. 

bank of Hocking r.. 62 m. S. E. Columbus. It is the seat 

of the Ohio University, and contains numerous handsome 

hoildings. The Cincinnati and Belpr6 B. B. 

60 



through it A branch of the State Bank is lorntci here 
and a newspaper, the " Athens Messenger," is iusued week 
ly. Pop. of v. 898, of t. 2,361, 

Athens, t, and p. v., Bradford co., Penn,: at the junc- 
tion of Chemung r. with the Susquehanna, 121 m. N. Har- 
risburg. The North Branch Canal terminates here. Pop. 
of village 706. 

Athens, p. v., and cap. M'Minn co., Tenn. : on Eastan- 
alla cr., and the East Tennessee and Georgia R. R., 53 m. 
N. Dalton. A newspaper, the *' Athens Post," is issued 
weekly. 

Athens, p. v., and cap. Henderson co., Tkp. (formerly 
Alfred): on a branch of Cedar cr., 222 m. N. N. W. Austin 
City. 

Athens, p. v., Caroline co., Yirg.: 33 m. N. Richmond. 

Athens, t and p. o., Windham co., Vei'vi, : 73 m. S. 
Montpelier. 

Atuensville, p. v., Greene co., lU. : on Apple cr., in 
the N. E. comer of the co., 42 m. S. "W. Springfield. 

Athensville, sta., Delaware co., P&rm.: on Columbia 
R. E., 9 m. W. Philadelphia. 

Atuol, t. and p. o., "Worcester co.. Mtiis. : on Miller's cr., 

61 m. W. N. W. Boston. Pop. 2,033. 

Atuol, t. and p. o., Warren co., K. Y! ; on a tributary of 
Hudson r., 62 m. N. N. W. Albany. Pop. 1,590. 

Atuol Depot, p. o., Worcester co., Mass. : on the Ver- 
mont and Massachusetts R. R., 80 m. W. Fitchbnrg and 83 
from Boston. 

Atkinson, t and p. v., Piscataquis co., 3fe. : on S. side 
of Piscataquis r., 64 m. N. N. E. Augusta. Pop. 895. 

Atkinson, t. and p. o., Rockingham co.. A'! I/amp. : 23 
m. S. E. Concord. Pop. 600. 

Atkinson's Mills, p. o., Mifflin co., Penn, : 53 m. W. 
N. W. Harrisburg. 

Atlantic county, A^ Jer, Situate S. E. on Atlantic 
Ocean, and contains 548 sq. m. Drained by Great and 
Little Egg Harbor rivers, and lined on the coast by nu- 
merous low islands, forming shallow bays and inlets. Sur- 
face level, and soils light and sandy. Farms 327 ; manuf. 

62 ; dwell. 1,5S4, and pop.— wh. 8,750, fr. col. 210, sL l~total, 
8,961. Capital : May's Landing. 

Atlanta, p. v., De Kalb co.. Go. : at the junction of the 
Georgia, Western, and Atlantic and the Macon and West- 
ern railroads — an important dejCt of internal commerce. 
Distance to Augusta 171 m. and to Charleston 303 m. ; to 
Savannah 292 m. ; to Montgomery, Ala., 175 m. ; fo Chatta- 
nooga 104 m. ; to Nashville 291 m., and to Knoxville 263 m. 
by R. R. A newspaper, the " Atlanta Intelligencer,'" is is- 
sued weekly. Pop. 4,812. 

Atlas, p. v., Pike co., lU. : 63 m. W. by S. Springfield, 
on the E. side, near Snycarteo Slough, which is navigable 
fur steamboats to this point in high flood. 

Atsion, p. v., Burlington co., N. Jer. 

Attala county. Miss. Situate centrally, and contains 
720 sq. m. Drained by the head branches of Pearl and nu- 
merous creeks of Big Black r. Surface undulating, and the 
soils fertile. Indian corn, rice, tobacco, and cotton are the 
chief products. Farms 1,336 ; manuf 44 ; dwell. 1.431, and 
pop.— wh. 7,573, fr. col. 9, si. 3,412— total, 10,999. Capital : 
Kosciusko. 

Attalaville, p. v., Attala co.. Miss. : 56 m. N. N. W. 
Jackson. 

Attapulgus, p. v., Decatur co., Ga. : on W. side of Flint 
r., 172 m. S. S. W. Millttdgeville. 

AiTiOA, p. v.. Fountain co., Ind^ : on the S. E. side of 
Wabash r., 66 m. N. W. Indianapolis. 

AmcA, p. v.. Greene co., Wise : 88 m. S. W. Madison. 

Attica, p. v.,Wyomingco., y. Y. : on Buffalo and Roches- 
ter R. B., 32 m. E. Buffalo, and 263 m. W. Albany. The 
village has considerable trade, and carries on manufactures 
of several kinds. A weekly newspaper, the "Wyoming 
County Mirror," is published here, and circulates about 800 
oopies. 



ATT 



AUG 



Attica, p. v., Seneca co., Ohio: in S. E. corner of co., 72 
m. N. Oliaanbus. 

Attica Centre, p. o., Wyoming co., K. T. : 253 ni. W. 
Albany. 

Attioa, p. T., Lenawee co., Mieh. : 73 m. S. E. Lansing. 

Attlefokough, t. and p. o., Bristol co., 3fasa. : on Paw- 
tvickct r., 33 ra. S. W. Boston. The Boston and Providcuce 
K. II. passc-3 through the town. Pop. 4,200. 

Attlebokougu, p. v., Bucks CO., Penn. : 21 m. N. N. E. 
Pliiladc'lphm and 100 E. llarrisburg. 

Attlebury, p. v., Duchess co., K. Y. : 53 m. S. S. E. Al- 
bany. 

Atwater, p. v., Portage co., Ohio: on Cleveland and 
Pitl.shurg 11. K., 50 m. S. S. E. Cleveland and IIS m. H N. 
E. Cnliinibus. 

Atwooi*, p. v., De Kalb co., Ala, : 152 ni. N. E. Montr 
gonu-ry. 

AniuEENAnBEE, p. 0., Fulton co., In<f. : 8 m. N. Indian- 
apolis. 

Auburn, p. v., Macon co., Ala.: on Montgomery and 
"West Point E. R., GO m. "W. by N. Montgomery, 

AuiitJEN, p. v., Gwinnett co., Ga. : 54 m. N. W. Milledge- 
ville. 

Auburn, p. v., Sangamon co., lU.: on Sugar cr., 15 m. 
S. by W. Springfield. 

Auburn, p. v., and cap. De Kalb CO., Ind. : on Eel r., 126 
m. N. E. Indianapolis. Pop. 260. 

Auburn, p. v., Mahaska co., la, : 64 m. W. by B. Iowa 
City. 

Auburn, p. v., Wake co., A^ Oar. 

Auburn, t and p. v., Fond du Lac co., Wise. : on Rod- 
man r., 80 ra. N. E. Madi&on. 

Auburn, p. v., Cumberland co., Me, 

Auburn, p. v., Worcester co., Mass. : 42 m. W. Boston. 

Auburn, p. v., Oakland co., Midi. : 78 m. E. by S. Lan- 
sing. 

Auburn, p. v., Hinds co.. Miss. : 24 m. W. by S. Jackson. 

Auburn, p. v., Lincoln co., Mo. : 72 ra. N. E. Jefferson 
City. 

Auburn, p. v., and cap. Placer co., Calif. : on E. bank 
on the N. fork of American r., 6 ra. above its confluence 
with the S. fork. 

AU3UBN, p. v., Rockingham co., J^. lianip. Pop. SIO. 

Auburn, p. v., and cap. Caj-uga co., jY Y. : at the outlet 
of Owaseo Lake, and on the Rochester and Syracuse R. R., 
174 m. W. Albany. It is the site of a Stato Prison, which 
occupies an area of 500,000 sq. ft, inclosed by a ^tone wall 
4 ft. thick. The discipline of this prison is verj' strict, and 
the convicts are kept to hard labor. The Presbyterians 
have a theological seminarj* at Auburn, and there arc also 
several flourishing academies. The "Journal" and the 
'' Advertiser"' are published daily ; the " Cayuga New Era," 
the "Cayuga Chief," and the "Northern Christian Advo- 
cate," weekly, and the " Masonic Union," monthly. Nu- 
merous manufactures are carried on. Pop. 9,54-8. 

Auburn, p. v., Schuylkill co., Fenn. : on Philadelphia 
and Reading R. R., S3 m. N. W. Philadelphia. 

Auburn, t and p. v., Geauga co., Ohio : on Chagrinc r., 
136 m. N. E. Columbus. 

Auburw, p. v., Fauquier co., Vi>v.: 80 m. N. N. W. 
Richmond. 

Auburn, 4). v., Cannon co., Teiin. : 47 m. W. S. W. Nash- 
ville. 

Attuiten Four Corners, p. c, Susquehanna co., Penn. : 
in S. E. part of co., 108 m. N. E. Harrisburg. 

AuciLLA, p. v., Jefferson co., Flor. : on the r. of the 
Bame name, 20 m. S. W. Tallahassee. 

Audrain county. Mo, Situate E. middle, and contains 
1,220 sq. m. Drained by tributaries of Salt r. Surface level 
or undulating, and soils excellent, producing the cereals 
abundantly and some tobacco. Farms 417; manuf. 10; 
dwell. 498, and pop.— wh. 3,04sS, fr. col. 1. si. 457— toUil 
8,506. Capital : Mexica 



Audubon county, Ja. Situate S. W., and cont;iiiid 576 
sq. m., taken from the Pottowottamie in ls51. 

Audubon, p. v., Montgomery co., lU. : 42 m. S. E. Spring- 
field. 

Audubon, p. v., Hardeman co., T&n/n. : on a or. *•( Big 
Ilatchee r., 134 m. W. S. W. Nashville. 

Augerona, p. v., Jackson co., Virg.: 21S ra. W. N. W. 
Richmond. 

Auglaize county, Ohio. Situate N. W., and contains 396 
sq. m. Drained by Auglaize r. and its tributaries. Surface 
undulating, and soil moderately fertile. Farms 1,393; 
manuf. 30; dwell. 2,020, and pop.— wh. 11,251, fr. col. 87— 
t^ital 11,338. Capital: Wapaukonnetta. Public Works: 
Miami Canal, etc. 

Auglaize, p. v.. Van Wert co., Ohio: on Little Auglaize 
r., 98 m. W. N. W. Columbus. 

Augusta county, Virg. Situate centrally between Blue 
Ridge and Great North Mountain, and contains SOO 5.q. m. 
Drained by the head waters of Shenandoah and James 
rivers. Surface picturesquely varied, and soils fertile. 
There are several medicinal springs in the county. Wheat, 
Indian corn, and oats are the ohiof products, and cattle 
raising is much engaged in. Farms 1,264; manuf. ISl ; 
dwell. 3,207, and pop.— wh. 19,024, fr. col. 533, al. 5,053— 
total ^4,610. a/ptYaL- Staunton. Public Works : Wrgmxa. 
Central R. R., etc 

Augusta, p. v., Benton co., Flor. : 160 m. S. E. Talla- 
hassee. 

Augusta, p. city, and cap. Richmond co., Qn.: on Sa- 
vannah r., and at the intersection of the South Carolina, the 
Georgia, and the Burke County railroads. It is an ira- 
poriant commercial point, and the depot of an extensive 
and fertile country, the produce of which, cotton, tobacco, 
etc., is sent down to Charleston, 137 m., by R. E., and to 
Savannah by the Savannah r. The city is well laid out. and 
luis many spacious stores and dwellings. The public birtld- 
ings are a City llall. County Court House and Jail, a thea- 
tre, arsenal, ho.'^pital, and numerous churches. The ''Sen- 
tinel" and •' Constitutionalist" are published daily, and have 
also tri-wcekly and weekly editions: the "Republio" is is- 
isued tri-weekly and weekly, and there are two monthly 
publications issued — the " Southern Medical Journal" and 
the '■• Southern Cultivator.'' 

Augusta, p. v., Jackson co., Ark. : 44 m. E. N. E. Little 
Rock. 

Augusta, p. v., Hancock co., III. : in S. E. corner of co., 
7S m. W. by N. SpringQeM. 

Augusta, p. v., Marion co., Iiid. : in N. W. comer of eo., 
12 ni. N. W. Indianapolis. 

Augusta, p. v., Des Moines co., la. : on the Chicagua or 
Skunk r., 61 m. S. S. E. Iowa City. 

Augusta, p. v.. Bracken co., Ky. : on the S. bank of the 
Ohio r., (j^ in. N. E. Frankfort. It ra the scat of Augusta 
College, a Methodist establishment, founded in 1S25. 

Augusta, t., p. city, and cap. Kennebec co., 3le., and cap- 
ital of the State of Maine: on both sides of Kennebee r., at 
the head of steamboat navigation, 43 m. from the ocean. 
Lat. 440 IS' 43" N., and long. 69° 50' W. from G., or 7^ 12' 
E. from W., and distant 595 m. N. E. Washington. A fine 
bridge, 520 fec^ long, connects the two parts of the v.. which 
is regularly laid out, and rises gradually from the shores of 
the river. It contains the State House, Insane Hospital, the 
CO. buildings, a U. 8. Arsenal, and numerous churches and 
school-houses, many of which are elegant structures. Tlie 
State Hou?e is located half a mile S. of the v. The build- 
ing is of white granite, and has spacious halts for the h-gis- 
lature and executive officers. Four newspapers are pub- 
lished weekly, the '■ Kennebec Journal" (whig), the " Ago" 
(dem.), the " Maine Farmer" (agric.), and the " Go!!^i>el 
Banner." The Kennebec and Portland R. R. terminates 
here, connecting the v. with Portland and other New 
England cities, and steamboats ply regularly between this 
place and the principal north Atlantic ports. Pop. S,225 

&1 



AUG 

AuGDSTA, p. v., and cap. Perry co., Afiss. : on Leaf CT., 
a branch of I'ascaj;oula r., 100 m. S. E. Jackson. 

AufiuSTA, p. v., Bt. Charles cc, Mo. : 80 m. E. by N. Jef- 
ferson City. 
Augusta, p. v., Sussex co., N. Jer.: 62 m. N. Trenlon. 
Adgusta, p. v., Oneida co., N. Y. : on Shanandoah cr., 
90 m. W. by N. Alhanj. 

Augusta, t. and p. v., Carroll co., Ohio : on a tributary 
of Sandy cr., 114 m. E. by N. Columbus. Pop. 1,297. 

Augusta, t and p. o., Northumberland co., Pmrn. : on 
E. bank of Susquehanna r., 8s m. N. Ilarrisburg. 

AuiiAN'8 Hill, p. o., Montgomery co., jV. Car. : 78 m. 8. 
W. Ealeigh. 

AuKAEiA, p. v., Lumpkin co., Ga. : on a branch of Chat- 
tahoochee r., 108 m. N. W. Milledgcville. Gold is found in 
the vicinily, and hence its name. 

AuEELiA, p. v., Washington co., OMo : in N. W. part of 
CO., on Duck cr., 86 m. E. by S. Columbus. 

AuRELius, L and p. v., Cayuga co., A^. Y. : between the 
ootlela of Cayuga and Owasco lakes, 148 m. W. Albany. 

AuRiES\nLLE, p. v., Montgomery co., JV; }' ; on the S. 
bank of the Mohawk, and on the Erie Canal, 42 m. W. N. 
W. Albany. 

AuEORA, p. v., Marshall co., Jl<t. ; on a cr. of Locust 
fork of Black Warrior r., 121 m. N. Montgomery. 

AuKORA, p. v., Kane CO., J?L : on E. side of Fox r., 123 m. 
N. E. SpringHeld. Tlie " Aurora Branch" of Galena and 
Chicago Union E. E. terminates here, and an extension 
continues the road to the Illinois r. at La Salle. 

Aurora, p. v., Dearborn co., In<f. ; on Ohio r., 108 m. S. 
E. Indianapolis. It is a place of considerable business and 
commercial activity. A newspaper, the " Western Com- 
mercial," is issued weekly. 

Aurora, p. v., Marshall CO., Ky.: 216 m. W. by N. 

Frankfort. 

Aurora, t and p. v., Hancock co.. 3Ie. : 90 m. E. Augusta. 

Aurora, p. v., Cayuga co., X. Y. : on the E. bank of 

Ciyuga Lake, and a steamboat station on the Cayuga and 

Susquehanna route. Pop. COO. 

Aurora, t. and p. v.. Portage co., Ohic : in N. W. cor- 
ner of CO., 126 m. E. N. E. Columbus. Pop. 823. 

Au Sable river, Jf. Y. : rises near the sources of Hudson 
r., and empties into Lake Champlain, in the S. part of Clin- 
ton CO. It has two main branches, which unite at Au Sable 
Forks village. Its falls alTord extraordinary water-power. 
Immediately below tlie lower falls at Birmingham the river 
passes through a chasm for the distance of 2 m., the waits 
of which are perpendicular rocks from 75 to 150 feet high, 
and from 50 to 65 apart at the top. 

Au Sarle, p. v., Kendall co., HI ; on Au Sable r., a 
branch of the Illinois r.. 130 m. N. E. Springfield. 

Au Sarle, v., Essex CO., jV. }' .• 105 m. N. Albany. The 
*' Au Sable Gazette" is published weekly. 

Au Sarle Forks, p. o., Essex co., jV^ Y. : al the junction 

Of the forks of Au Sable r, 126 m. N. Albany. 

AuSTERLiTE, p. v., Kent co., Jf/cA. .■ 57 m. W. by N. Lansing. 

Austerlitz, i. and p. v., Columbia co.. A"! Y. : on Green 

r., a branch of the Uousatonic, 81 m. 8. S. E. Albany. Pop. 

1,874. 

Austin county, Tm. Situate S. E., centrally, on Brazos 
r, and contains about 1,100 sq. m. Drained by Caney, 
Pincy, and Mill creeks from the W., and Fishpond Spring | 
and others from the E., tributaries of Brazos r. ; also by 
creeks of San Bernardo r., which bounds it W. Surface 
generally level, in the N. undulating, and along the streams 
heavily timbered. The prairies are extensive and the soils 
very fertile. Farms 230 ; dwell. 4.32, and pop.— wh. 2,286, 
fr. col. 6. si. 1,549—10181 3,S41. Capital: Bellville. 

AusTi.N, p. T., Atchison co., Mo. : 212 m. N. W. Jefferson 
City. 
AuSTix, p. v., P.osB CO., Oliio : 51 m. S. Columbus. 
AubTis, p. v., and cap. Tunica co., J/iw. .■ 163 m. N. 
Jackson. 
52 



AYO 

Austin, p. city and cap. Travis co., Ter. : and capital of 
the Stale of Texas, on N. side of Colorado r., about 20i) m. 
from the Gulf, and 1,420 m. S. W. Washington. " It is a.-i yet 
a mere village, but is rapidly improving. Pop. about 6J9, 
'IVo newspapers, the "Stale Gazette," and the "Soulh- 
wcsteni AmtTican," arc issued weekly. 

AusTiNBURQ, p. v., AshtabuU co., Ohio: on N. side of 
Black r., 159 m. N. E. Columbus. 

AcsTi.N's Feeky, P.O., Grainger co., Tenn..: 17G m. E. 
Nashville. 

AuBTDf's Lake, p. o., Kalamazoo co., Mich. : 66 m. S. Vf . 

AcsTisviLLE, p. v., Wythe CO., nrgr,; on Cripple cr., 206 
m. W. S. W. Kicbmond. 

Autauga county, Aki. Situate centrally on Alabama r., 
find contains 1,1D2 sq. m. Drained by Autauga, Mulberry, 
and other creeks of the Alabama; Oekraulgeo cr. of Ca- 
tawba r., etc. Surface varied— in places broken and rough. 
Soils of average fertility ; very rich on the streams. Pro- 
ducts corn and cotton. Farms 711; manuf. 61 ; dwell. 1,114, 
and pop.— wh. 6,274, fr. col. 19, si. 8,73(1— total 15,023. Cap- 
ital: Kingston. Public Works: Selma and Tennessee 
River R. K. 

AuTACQAviLLE, p. T., Autauga CO., Ala.: IS m. W. N. 
W. Montgooiery. 

AvA, J., v., Winnebago co.. HI.: ii m. N. of Peketonica 
r., 172 m. N. N. E. Springfield. 
AvA, p. v., Oneida co., A^ Y. : 100 m. W. N. W. Albany. 
Avalanche lake, iV; I'.- a small body of water, belween 
MU M'Intyre and Mt. M'Mariin, in Essex co. : it is ele- 
vated 2,900 feet above tide, and is consequently the highest 
water in the State. It is tributary to the Hudson. 
AvEEY, p. v., Monroe co., la. : 86 m. S. S. AV. Iowa City. 
Ateey, p. v., Jo Daviess co., HI. : 181 m. N. W. Spring- 
field. 

AvEETSBOROUGn, p. V., Cumberland co., 2^. C(ir. : on the 
E. side of Cape Fear r., 30 m. S. Kaleigh. 

Avery's Creek, p. o., Buncombe co., A^ Car. : on a cr. 
80 called, 223 m. W. by S. Kaleigh. 

Aveby'8 Gore, p. o., Franklin co., V^tfrm.: 52 m. N. by 
W. Montpclier. 

AviLLA, p. v.. Noble co., Tn<f. : IIS m.N.by E. Indianap- 
ftlis. 
AvisTON, p. v., Clinton co., HI. : 81 m. S. Springfield. 
Avo\T,i.Li3 parish, La. Situate E. of W. Dist., having 
the Wachita, lied River, and Bayou Atchafalaya on its E. 
itorder, and contains 1,200 sq. m. Drained by numerous 
tritnitaries of the border rivers. Surface low and swampy 
near the rivers, and subject to inundations; but in the W. 
more elevated, and the soils fertile, producing excellent cot 
ton. Farms 393 : manuf. 5 ; dwell. 792, and pop.— wli. 4,066, 
fr. col. 99, si. 5,1C1— total 9,336. Capit<il: Marksville. 
Avo, p. v., Patrick co., VirQ.: 162 m. S. W. Richmond. 
AvoCA, p. v., Livingston co., HI.: on N. fork of Yef- 
million r., 92 m. N. E. Springfield. 

AvocA, p. v., Fond du Lac co., Wise: 62 m. N. E. 
Madison. 

AvocA, p. v., JefTeraon co., Mo.: 89 m. W. by S. Jeffer- 
son City. 

AvocA, p. v., Steuben co., X. Y.: on Conhocton r., 212 
m. W. by S. Albany, and a station on tlie Buflalo, Coming, 
and New York R. R. 

Avon, t. and p. v., Hartford co., 0>?in. ; 10 m. W. of 
llartfunl. and a station on New Haven and Nortbamj>ton 
]:. R., 37 m. N. New Haven. Pop. 1,995. 

Avon, p. v., St. Genevieve co , Mo. : 122 m. E. 8. E. Jef- 
ferson City. 

Avon, t. and p. v.. Rock co., Wise. : on Sugar cr., 36 m. 
S. Madison. Pop, 558 

Avon, t and p. v., Franklin co., 3fe.: on Sandy r.,33m. 
N. W. Augusta. 

Avon, t. and p. o., Ionia co., Midi.: 32 m. W. N. W. 
Laming. 



AVO 



BAK 



Avon, t and p. t., Livingston co., Jf. Y. : 1C2 in. W. 
Albany. Pnp. 2,807, 

Aton, t. ami p. v., Lorain eo., Ohio: on Lake Erie, 114 
m. N. N, E. CtJhiinbus. 

AvoNDALE, p. v., Chester co., Pe/m. : 66 m. 8. E. Ilar- 
risburg. 

Avon Lake, p. o., Lorain co., OhJo: 116 m. N. N. E. 
Columbus. 

AxEviLLE, p. v., Cattaraugus oo., K Y. : 218 m. "W. by 
8. Albany. 

Ayeksville, p. v.. Defiance co., Ohdo: 132 m. N. "VV. 
Columbus. 

Ayeksvillk, p. v., Stokea eo., N. <.\ir. : 113 m. W. N. W. 
Raleigh. 

Atlettes, p. o., King William eo., Virff.: 25 m. N. E. 
Kichmond. 

Azalia, p. v., Bartholomew co., Ind. : on E. .litle of E. 
fork of White r., 43 m. 9. S. E. Indianapolis. 

Aztalan, p. v., Jefferson co., iVisc : 27 m. E. by 8. 
Madison. 



B. 



Baboook Hill, p. o.. Oneida co., Ji. Y. : 88 m. W. N. W 
Albany. 

Babcock'8 Grove, p. o., Du Page co., lU,: 160 m. N. 
N. E. Springfield. 

Babylon, p. v., Suffolk co., 2i. Y.: on Great South Bay, 
142 m. 8. 8. E. Albany— a pleasant and fashionable sum- 
mer resort. 

Bachelor's Geove, p. o., Rock co., Wise: 37 m. 8. by 
E. Madison. 

Bachelor's Hall, p. o., Pittsylvania co., Virg. : IIS m. 
W. 8. W. Richmond. 

Bacueloii's IIomk, p. o., Lee co. Virg.: 296 m. W. by 
S. Richmond. 

Bachelor's Retreat, p. o., Pickens co., *S. Oar, : 119 m. 
N. W. Columbia. 

Bachman's Mills, p. o., Carroll co., Md. : at the head of 
Big Pipe cr, 56 m. N. W. Annapolis. 

Back Creek, 3Id. : :i large cr. of Elk r., which, with tlic 
Chesapeake and Delaware Canal, forms a navigable pas- 
sago across the neck of the peninsula 

Back Ckkek Valley, p. o., Frederick co., Virg. : in the 
valley of Back cr., a tributary of Potomac r., 128 m. N. by 
W. Richmond. 

Back River. Md. : a large inlet of Chesapeako Bay, E. 
of Susquehanna r. 

Bacon's Castle, p. o., Surry co., Vtrg. : 51 m. S. E. Rich- 
mond. 

Bad Axe county, Wise. Situate E. of Mississippi r., and 
contains 720 sq. m. Drained by Kickapoo, Bad Axe, and 
Raccoon rivers. Surface generally evel, with large bot- 
toms on the Mississippi: soils deep and rich. Erected since 
1850. 

Bad Axe, p. v., Bad Axe co., Wise. : on Bad Axe r., a 
tributary of the Mississippi, 9S m. W. by N. Madison. 

Badger, p. o., Fond du Lac co., WUic. : 70 m. N. E. 
Madison. 

Bagdad, p. v., Smith co., Tenn. : 52 m. E. N. E. Nash- 
ville. 

Bagdad, p. v., Lafayette co., Mo. : 9S m. W. by N. Jef- 
ferson City. 

Bahama Channei,, or Gulf of Florida, llie narrow sea 
between tlio coast of the United States and the Bahama 
Islands, 185 m. long and 46 in mean breadth. The currents 
here are most violent, and vessels are frequently wrecked 
in passing through this strait, 

Baileysburgh, p. v.. Perry co., Penii.: on the line of 
the Pennsylvania R. R., 2-3 m. W. by N. Ilarrisburg. 

Bailey's Creek, p. o., Osage co., Mo.: on a creek so 
called, falling into the Missouri r., 'lA iii- K. Jefferson City. 



Bailey Creek, p. o., Tioga co., renn. : 105 m. N. by W 
Harrisburg. 

Bailey's Four. Corners, p. o., (Jreeue co., N. Y. ; 88 m 
S. 8. W. Albany. 

Baileyville, t. and p. v., Waahington co.. Me.: on St 
Croix r., irnmediattily 8. of the outlet of Sehoodic Lakes, 
126 m. E. by N. Augusta. Pot>.431. 

Bainbridge, p. v., Macon co., Ala.: 52 m. E. Mont^ 
gomery. 

Bainbridge, p. v., and cap. Decatur eo., Ga. : on E. s.ide 
of Flint r., IGO m. S. 8. W. Millc^Jgiiville. 

BAiNBRiit«i% p. v., I*u[n;im co., Ind. : an Walnut fork of 
Eel r., 40 m. W. Indianapolis. 

Bainbuioge, p. v., Williamson co., ///. : on a brancli of 
Big Muddy r., 142 m. S. by E. Springfield. 

Bainbridge, p. v., Christian co., Ky.: 170 m. W. 8. W 
Frankfurt. 

Bainbridge, t and p. v., Berrien co., Mich. : 102 m. W. 
8. W. Lansing. 

Bainishidge, p. v., Ross co., Ohio: on S. .side Paint cr., 
a tributary of the Suioto r., and near the fulls. 54 m. 8. by 
W. Columbus. A branch of the Cincinnati. Uillsboro'. and 
Parkersburg R. R. terminates here. 

Bainbridge, p. v., Lancaster co., Penii.: on Uie N. E. 
bank of Susquehanna r., 17 m. 8. E. Ilarrisburg. 

Bainbridge, t. and p. v., Chenango co.. A1 Y. : on Sus- 
quehanna r., 96 m. W. by 8. Albany. Pop. 3,.SS8. 

BAiNimiDGK, p. v., Robertson co., Tenn. : 2S m. N. by W. 
Nashville. 

Bairdstown, p. v., Oglethorpe t>o.. G<k : 46 m. N. Mil- 
led gev ill e. 

liAiTixG Hollow, p. v., Suffolk co.. A'. Y. : 102 m. 3. E. 
Albuny. 

Baker county, Oa. Situate 8. W., and contains 1,296 
sq. m. Drained by (.'hickasawatchie cr. and Ichawaynoch- 
away r., tributaries of Flint r., which traverses it in a N. E. 
and S. W. direction. Surface various — mostly level, und 
the soil sundy, but productive fur cotton. Farms 444; 
manuf. 12; dwell. 755, und pop. — wh. 4,355, IV. col. 0, al. 
3,765— total 8,120. Capital: Newton. 

Baker's, p. o., Washington co., A'y. ; 42 m. 8. W. Frank- 
fort 

Baker's, p. o., Champaign co., Ohio : 53 m. W. Columbus. 

Baker's Corners, p. o., Walworth co.. Wise: 56 m. E. 
by S. Madison. 

Baker's Falls, K, Y.: on Hudson r., 52 m. above Al- 
bany. The descent is 7G feet in 60 rocU. 

Bakersiibld, t. and p. v., Franklin co., Venn. : on a 
Itranoh of Missisque r., 40 m. N. by W. ?*Iontpclier. 1,52^. 

Bakek's Island : a small xslan<i in the Atlantic, off the 
eoast of Maine. 

Baker's Island: a small island off the Ma.isacliu setts 
coast, 5 m. E. N. E. Salem. TluTc is a ligliUiousi! on the 
N. end. 

Baker's River, K. Ilamp. : a consideralilc stream, form- 
ed of two brandies — the N. branch from Moosheloc mta., 
and the S. branch from the town of Orange; alter their 
union, the river has a S. E. course to the Pemcgewaset r., 
into wiiich it falls. 

Baker's Run. p. o., Hardy co., Virg. : on a cr. so called, 
146 m. N. W. Richmond. 

IJakerstown, p. v., Alleghany co., Ponn.: 163 m. W. 
Harris burg. 

Bakersville, p. v.. Litchfield co., Conn.: 83 m. W. 
ITarlford. 

Bakersville, p. v., Co.>^Iiocton co., Ohio: 62 m. E. N. E, 
Columbus. 

Bakersville, p. v., Washington co., Md. : on the E. si<Ie 
Marsli cr.. 94 m. W. N. W. Annapolis. 

Bakersville, p. v., Somerset co., Peim. : 12S in. W. 8. W. 
Harrisburg. 

Rahkrsville, p. v., Yancey co., N. Car.: on Cane or. 
of Nolichucky r., 198 m. W. Raleigh. 

63 



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Baluwin county, Ala. Situate S. W. ou Mobile Bny, 
and contains 2,1S0 sq. m. Drained \yy numerous creeks 
and tributaries of the bay, Alabama r., and Perdido r. The 
coast on the Gulf of Mexico is lined by long sand islands, 
which also inclose MobHe Bay from the sea. Surface near 
tbe coast a sand plain, but the land rises mland. Soils, ex- 
cept on the streams, poor. Cotton is the chief product. 
Farms 121; manuf. 8S; dwell. 397, and pop.— wh. 2,100, 
fr. col. 96, si. 2,21S— total 4,414. Capital: Blakely. Pub- 
lic Works : Girard and Mobile K. R. (proposed). 

Baldwin county, Ga. Situate centrally, and contains 
829 sq. m. Drained by tributaries of Oconee r., which 
traverses from N. W. to S. E. Surface uneven, and the soil 
of average fertility — Indian com and cotton being the chief 
products. Farms 240; manuf. 3; dwell. 647, and pop— 
wh. 3,522 fr. col. 24, si. 4,602— total S,14S. Capital: Mil- 
ledge\ille. PuUic Works: Milledgeville and Gordon E. K., 
and Eatonlon E. E. 

Balcony FAiis, p. o.,Ko^bridge oo., Twv- •' US m. W. 
Eichmond, on James r., at the passage of the Blue Eidge, 
and the W. terminus of Jaiyes Eiver Canal. The river is 
here narrow, and crossed by a feeder dam, and the scenery 
highly picturesque. 

Bald Cbeek, p. o., Yancey co., K Car.: on a or. so 
flailed, 192 m. W. Ealeigh. 

Bald Eagle, p. o., Bath co., Ky. : 58 m. E. Frankfort. 

Bald Eaglb, p. o., York co., Pemi. : 32 m. S. by E. llar- 
risburg. 

Bald Eagle Molthtatns, Peiin. : on the confines of 
Unntingdon and Centre counties, and N. E. of Juniata r., 
about 30 m. "W. Harrisburg. Bald Eagle, or Sinking Spring 
Valley, lies at the E. base on the edge of Bedford ccHjnty. 
and is 5 m. wide. It is remarkable for a phenonronon called 
the " Swallows," which absorb several large streams, and 
discharge them again after a subterranean passage of sev- 
eral miles. 

Bald Eagle Eitee, Penn. : rises in Centre co., and runs 
N. E. to the W. branch of Susquehannah r. after a course 
of 60 miles. 

Bald Head, Me.: a headland on the S. "W. side of Wells 
Bay, lat 43°, and long. 80° 35' W. from Greenwich. 

Bald Head, X. Car. : a cape at the S. W. end of Smith's 
island, at the mouth of Cape Fear r. A lighthouse is erect- 
ed here, 24 ro. N. N. W. from Frying-pan Shoal, lat. 33'^ 
M', and long. 73° 13' W. from Greenwich. 

Bald Hill, p. o., Muscogea co., Ga.: 96 m. W. S. W. 
MUledge^'ille. 

Bald Hill, p. o., Norfolk co.. Mass. : 22 m. S. S. W. 
Boston. 

Bald Mourrr, p. c, Lucerne co., Pmin. : 82 m. N, N. E. 
Harrisburg. 

Bald Mocntain, p. o., Oakland co., Midi. 

Baldwin, p. v., Chemung co., N. Y. : 156 m. W. S. W. 
Albany. 

Baldwin, p. t., Butler co., Petm.: 173 m. "W. N. "W. 
Harrisburg. 

BALDwiNB^aLLE, p. V., Worcestcf CO., Mass. : on the line 
of the Vermont and Massachusetts E. E., 21 m. W. Fitch- 
burg, and 71 from Boston. 

Baxdwinsville, p. v., Onondaga co., JV. 1'. .• ou the N. 
"W. side of Oswego r., 138 m. W. by N. Albany. A newspa- 
per, the " Onondaga Gazette," is issued weekly. 

Baldwinville, p. v., Edgar co., JIL : 114 m. E. Spring- 
field. 

Balize, or North-east Fass of the delta of the Mississippi 
r., 100 m. below New Orleans. It is the principal ship pns- 
aage to and from the Gulf of Mexico. 

Balizb, p. v., Plaqueminc par.. La. : on the pass of tho 
game name, 158 m. S. by E. Baton Eouge. 

Ballaed county, A'y. Situate W. on the Ohio and Mis- 
sissippi rivers, and contains 372 sq. m. Drained by the 
Humphrey, "Willow, and Mayfleld creeks. Surface rugged, 
but soils fertile, producing grain in abundance, with tobacco 
M 



and some cotton. Farms 483; manuf. 7; dwell. 775, and 
pop.— wh. 4,628, fr. col. 26, si. 842— total 5,496. Capital: 
Blandville. Ptillic Works : Mobile and Ohio E. E, 

Ballard's Bridge, p. o., Chowan co., JV1 Car. : 138 m. 
E. N. E. Ealeigh. 

Ballakdstille, p. v., Oldham co., Xy. ; on S. E. line of 
CO., 26 m. W. N. W. Frankfort. 

Ballakdsvili.e, p. v., Boone co,, Virg. : on E. aide of 
Guyandotte r., 252 m. 'W. Eichmond. 

Ballard Vale, p. o., Essex co., Mass. 

Ballengek'6, p. o., Tipton co., Ind. : 37 m. N. Indianap- 
olis. 

Ballew's Ferey, p. o., Calcasieu par.. La. : on E. side of 
Sabine r., 152 m. "\V. by 8. Bitton Eouge. 

Ball Gkound, p. o., Cherokee co., Ga. : 104 m. N. by W. 
Milledgeville. 

Ball Plav, p. o., Monroe co., Temi. : 158 m. E. by S. 
Nashvilk-. 

Ball's Pond, p. c, Fairfield co. Conn. : 54 m. S. "W. 
Ilarlfurd. 

Ballston Centre, p. v., Saratoga co., X. Y. : 24 m. N. 
N. W. Albany. 

Ballston Spa, p. v., and cap. Saratoga co., JV. Y. : on a 
small branch of Kayaderosseras cr., 27 m. N. N. W. ^Vlba- 
ny. It is much celebrated for ils mineral springs, and is 
the moat fashionable summer resort in the Union. Eail- 
roads connect it with Troy, Schenectady, and Albany, soulli- 
ward, and with Whitehall, etc., northward. Two newspa- 
pers, the *' Ballston Democrat," and *' Ballston Journal," are 
issued Meekly. 

Ballstown, p. v., Eipley co., Ind. : 56 m. S. E. Indian- 
apolis. 

Balistille, p. v., Powhatan co., Virg. : on Deep cr. of 
James r., 38 m. W. Eichmond. 

Baltimore county, Md. Situate N. E., and contains 631 
sq. m. Drained by Patapaco, Gwinn's, Jones, and Great 
Gunpowder Falls rivers. Surface uneven and vjiricd. 
Soils tiiin and rocky, but fertile. Timber abundant, as also 
iron, copper, and other minerals, with building stone of va- 
rious kinds. Farms 1,655 ; manuf. 2,569 ; dwell. 30,065, and 
pop.— wh. 175,353, fr. col. 28,570, si. 6,71S~total 210,646. 
Capital: Baltimore. Public Works: Baltimore and Ohio 
E. E. ; Philadelphia, Wilmington, and Baltimore E. E. ; Bal- 
timore and Susquehanna E. E., with Westminster Branca; 
and the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal. A E. E. also runs 
from Westchester, Pa., direct to Baltimore (in progress). 

Baltimore City, sea-port, p. city, and cap. Baltimore co., 
Md. : on the N. side Patapsco r., 14 m. from its entrance into 
Chesapeake Bay, and 204 m. from the Atlantic Ocean, by 
ship channel, and 28 m. N. Annapolis ; lat. 39^ 17' 23", and 
long. QO 24' E. Washington. 

The city is pleasantly situated on a slightly undulating 
ground, and some of the elevations in the vicinity command 
fine views. As laid out, it includes four miles square, and is 
built around the bay. The streets are regular and spa- 
cious, tho buildings mostly of brick, and some of them ex- 
hibiting beautiful architectural combinations. Jones' Falls, 
a small stream from tbe N., divides the oity into two parts, 
and over it are erected several handsome stone and wooden 
1j ridges. 

The harbor of Baltimore is capacious and safe, and con- 
sists of an inner basin and an outer harbor— tho latter at 
Fell's Point, and accessible to the largest ships. The en- 
trance is commanded by Fort M'llenrj-. 

The principal public buildings are the City Il.ill, the 
County Court House, the State Penitenti.iry, County Prison 
and House of liefuge, the Eoman Catholic Cathedral, the 
finest in the Union, and numerous buildings devoted to 
collegiate, academic, and other literary and educational 
purposes. The monuments of Baltimore, and il3 nume- 
rous fountains, are distinguishing features in tho adonimcnta 
of the city. 

The population, in 1850, amounted to 169,054 soolfl, of 



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which 140,GG6 were whilos, 25,442 fr. c<it., ami 2.946 si. 
The total value of roal and personal est.ito was $5i0,237,9tJ0, 
and the taxes raised, $017,994, of which $381,509 was city 
tax. Baltimore has 4 colleges, 67 academies and private 
schools, and 71 primary and public schools. The Univer- 
sity, 81. Mary's Collejre, and "Washington Medical College, 
are the principal collegiate institutions. There are 99 
churches of all denominations, of which 6 are Baptist, 10 
Episcopal, 3 German lieformed, 8 Lutheran, 42 Methodist, 
4 Presbyterian, 8 Roman Catholic, and S others not speci- 
fied. The public pre&s consists of 6 daily, 4 tri-weckly, 10 
weekly, 1 semi-monthly, and 2 monthly peri.xiicals and 
newspapers; and of these 6 are religious, 1 agricultural, 1 
mudiciil, and 1 colonization ; the remainder are devoted to 
politics and general news. 

The industrial employments of the citizens are various 
and extensive. There are 2,24^3 establishments ; the man- 
ufacturing capital Invested, $6,541,922 ; males employed, 
15,442 ; females employed, 5,044 ; raw material consumed, 
$9,444,241 ; monthly cost of labor, $459,441 ; annual pn> 
ducLs. $2it,416.511 ; of these establishments, 71 arc blacksmith, 
356 boot and shoe, 111 cabinet ware, 120 cigar, 23S cloth- 
ing, 26 coach and carriage, 10 brass founding, IS iron fonnd- 
ing, 10 gunsmith, 12 machine, 10 piano-forte, 17 printing 
and publishing. 24 sail-making, 21 ship-building, 13 ship- 
joiner, 16 ship-smith, 31 silver-smith, etc., 19 stove, 15 weav- 
ers, 21 wheelwright, and 10 whitesmith — the remainder va- 
rious, and of common interest. 

As a commercial city Baltimore ranks next to New Or- 
leans among the southern ports. It hiis an immense inland 
trade, which will be greatly increased when the lines of 
communication are completed to a junction with those of 
Ohio and other western States. In 1S50, the principal re- 
ceipts from the interior for consumption and export, were : 
Cumberland coal, 146,645 tons, and anttiracite, lOO.iiOO tons ; 
wheat, 2,6u0,000 bushels (about 1,750,000 bushels taken by 
millers. an<l S50,CiOO bushels shipped) ; Indian corn, 3,000,000 
bushels ; oats, 450,000 bushels, and considerable lota of rye, 
barley, peas, and beans; beef, pork, and bacon; tobacco, 
41,'^S hhds. ; wool, 500,000 lbs., etc., etc. ; the inspections 
of flour amounted to 896,592 barrels; of com meal, to 46,000 
barrels ; and of rye flour, to 5,441 barrels ; of leather, to 
413.974 sides. Flour and tobacco, however, are the two 
great staples of Baltimore, and well has it been designated 
as '* the greatest market for tobacco in the United States, 
and the principal flour market in the world." Its coastwise 
trade is also very extensive, and the shipping of Baltimore 
is found in every port from Passamaquoddy Bay to the 
Rio Grande ; the lumber of Maine, and the cotton and sugar 
of the Gulf States are brought here in vast quantities, as are 
also the various manufactures and merchandises of the in- 
termediate Atlantic porta ; in 1S50, 25,000 bales cotton were 
landed from southern ports, and 63,0fnt.000 feet of lumber 
from Bangor and other porta of Maine. The shipping 
owned in the collection district, of which Eallimore is the 
port, amounted on the 1st of June, 1850, to 140,019 t*)n9, of 
which was registered 90,670 Urns ; enrolled and licensed 
57,612 tons, and licensed under 20 tons 737 tons ; and of the 
enrolled and licensed tonnage, 13,115 tons, navigated by 
steam-power. In 1S49-50, G6 vessels, of an aggregate bur- 
den of 11,6S3 tons, were built in the port district. The Bal- 
timore clippers are pronounced to be the perfection of naval 
architecture ; and they are no less fitted for trade than for 
privateering, in which capacity they made a great figure in 
the last war with England. 

Boston, New York, and New Orleans are the only sea- 
board ports of the Union, the foreign commerce of which 
exceeds that of Baltimore. In lS49-5(t, the entrances 
amounted to 43S vessels and 99,5SS tons, and the clear- 
ances to 521 vessels and 126,819 tons; and the value of mer- 
chandise importctl was $6,1^1,201, and of that exported, 
$6,9i"j7.353. The great bulk of the foreign commerce of 
Baltimore is carried on with the States of South America 



and the West India o^lonies, and the continent of Europe. 
With the British ports in Europe the connection is very 
hmited. 

There are 10 banks in Baltimore, with an aggregate 
capital of $7,101,051. The circnlation in IS50 amounted 
to $2,073,578, discounts to $10,925,106, and deposits to 
$3,&4S,S19, and the amount of specie on hand to $2,113,753. 
There are also a number of insurance companies and sav- 
ings' institutions. 

The city is bountifully supplied with pure and wholeaomc 
water from public springs and fountains ; these are inclosed 
by circular railings, and covered by small, open templets, 
consisting of columns supporting a dome, which are highly 
ornamental. The city, however, derives its great supply 
from an elevated part of Jones' Falls, from which the wa 
ter is conducted through an aqueduct to a reservoir on Cal- 
verl-street, whence it is distributed in pipes. 

The lines of travel diverging from Baltimore, are: the 
Baltimore and Philadelphia K. li., 97 m. long; the Balti- 
more and Susquehannah K. E., extending to Harrisbm^, 
Pa. ; and the Baltimore and Ohio K. R., with a branch R. E. 
to Washington ; and lines of steamships or sail-vessels ply 
to Philadelphia, Norfolk, and other Atlantic ports. These 
great routes of communication unite the city with every 
part of the Union, and insure a rapid and certain transit to 
its ever-increasing trade. 

Baltimore was flrst»laid out as a town in 1729, and In 
1765 it contained only 50 houses. It was chartered as a city 
in 1797. Since this period its increase has been constant, 
and its prosperity material. 

Baltimore, p. v., Warren co., hid. : on "W. side of Wa- 
bash r., 72 ra. W. N. W. Indianapolis. 

Baltumore, hund., Sussex co., Del. : facing on the ocean. 
Area 52,210 acres, and population 2,301. 

Baltimors, p. v., Fairfield co., Ohio.: on both sides of 
Miami Canal. 20 m. E. S. E. Columbus. Pop. 492. 

Baltiuoee, p. v., Barry co., Mich. : 32 m. W. by S. Lan- 
sing. 

Bancroft county, la. Situate N. "W., and contains 4;?2 
sq. m., taken from Pottowottomce in 1851. 

Bancroft, p. v., Hampshire co., Mass.: IIS m. W 
Boston. 

Bangor, t., p. city, port of entry, and cap. Penobscot co., 
Me. : at the head of navigation on the Penobscot r., 30 m. 
N. by E. from Belfast Bay, and 60 from the sea. Lat. 44° 
47'5ii" N., and long. OSO 47' W. from Greenwich. Pop. 
14.4;J2. Kenduskeag r. divides the city into two parts, 
which arc connected by bridges; a mile above the city it 
has a fall which affords mUl-power. The harbor is spa- 
ciims, and at tide is deep enough for the largest vessels. 
The principal staple of trade is timber. The Bangor Theo- 
logical Seminarj', and other good schools, are located here ; 
and the periodical press consists of two daily papers, the 
'• Mercury" and the " Whig and Courier," and four weekly 
papers, two of which are editions of the daily papers, and the 
others, the " Democrat" and the " Jeffersonian." Churches oi 
all denominations are numerous. There is a R. R. extending 
hence to Old Town, and another, the Kennebec and Pen- 
oljseot K. R., will aflTord, when finished, a direct R. R. com- 
munication soutliward. Steamboats ply regularly to and 
from the river villages, and also to and from Bosl^jn and 
Portland. Bangor was incorporated as a town in 1791, and 
was chartered as a city in 1S34. Just above the city, ^ 
bridge, S50 feet long, spans the Penobscot, connecting Ban- 
gor with Brewer. 

Bangor, t. and p. v., Franklin co., K. i:.- on a tributary 
of Salmon r , 152 m. N. N. "W. Albany. The Northern R. R. 
passes througli it 63 ra. W. Rouse's Point, and 55 E. Og- 
densburg. I'oj). 2,160, 

Bank Lick, p. o., Kenton CO., Ky.: 62 m. N. Frank 
fort. 

B-VNK8T0N, p. T., Choctaw CO., Miss.: 82 m. N. by E. 
Jackson. 

55 



BAN 



BAR 



Bankbville, p. v., Fairfield co., Conn,: 58 m. S. W. 
Hartford. 

Bankton, p. v., Saline co., lU. : between Ihe middle and 
S. forka of Saline cr., 15(j in. S. S. E, SpringfleM. 

Banner, p. o., Kano co., III.: 159 m. N. N. E. Spring- 
field. 

Banner, p. o., Lafayette co., Mm. : 184 m. N. Jackson. 

Bannerman, p. 0., New Uanover co., 2/'. Oar. : 110 m. S. 
by E. Raleigh. 

Bantam, p. o., Clermont co., Ohio : 102 in. S. W. Colum- 
bus. 

Bantam Falls, p. o., Litchfield co., Co7iii. : 86 m. W. 
Hartford. 

Baptist Mission, p. o., Cherokee Nation, Ind. Ter. 

Baptistown, p. v., Huntt-rdon co., N. Jer: 29 m, W. N. 
W. Trenton. 

Baitist Vallet, p. o., Tazewell co., Yirg. : 243 m. W. 
by S. Kichmond. 

Baraboo, p. v., Snuk co., Wise. : on S. side Baraboo r., 
83 m. N. by W. Madison. 

Barder's, p. o., Columbia oo., Floi: 

Barbek's Corners, p. o.. Will co.. III. : 143 m. N. N. E. 
Springfield. 

Bariier's Ceeek, p. o., Jackson co., Ga.: CO m. N. Mil- 
ledgevillc. 

Barber's Cross Roads, p. o., Isle of Wight co.. I7/{/. ; 
64 ni. S. E. Richmond. ' 

Bagbersville. p. v., Jefferson co., Ind. : 7G m. 8. E. In- 
dianapolis. 

Baeboitr county, Ala. Situated S. E. on Chattahoochee 
r., and contains 9S0 sq. m. Drained by numerous creeks 
of Chattahoochee r., tho head waters of Choctawnlchie r., 
and Pea r., which Ibrms its W. border. Surface undulat- 
ing, and the soils generally fertile. Com and cotton are 
Uie stajjlc products. Farms 1,825 ; manuf 89 ; dwell. 2,306, 
and pop.— wh. 12,842, fr. coL 10 ; si. 10,780— total 23,632. 
CapiUtl: Clayton. 

Barbour county, Virg. Situate N. W., and contains 
880 sq. m. Drained by the numerous creeks forming the 
E. fork of Monongahela r. Surface much diversified, some- 
what rough, and soils rich, producing wheat, corn, onts, and 
tobacco abundantly. Maple sugar is made largely. Farms 
1,075; dwell. 1,467, and pop.— wh. 8,671, fr. col. 221, si. 
113— total 9,005. Capital: Fhillippa. 

Barbouk, p. v., Choctaw co., Ala.: 118 m. W. Mont- 
gomery. 

Barbour's Mills, p. o., Lycoming co., Perm. : SG m. N. 
by W. Harrisburg. 

Babboursvillk, p. v., and cap. Knox co., Ky. : on N. side 
Cumberland r., 112 m. S. E. by S. Frankfort. 

Barboorsville, p. v., Cabell co., Virg. : on N. bank of 
Guyandotte r., 260 m. W. by N. Richmond. 

Barboursville, p. v.. Orange co., Virg. : 64 m. N. W. 
Eichmond, near the hne of the Central E. R. 

Barboursville, p. v., Delaware co., N. Y. : ^(^ m. "W. S. 
W. Albany. 

Barcelona, p. v., Chantauque co., 2^. K ; on Lake Erie, 
298 m. W. Albany, and on the Buffalo and Stato Lino R. E. 
It is a port, and place of considerable business. 

Barclay, p. v., Whitesides co., III. 

Barclaystille, p. v., Cumberland co., K. Car. 

Bardstown, p. v., and cap. Nels<jn co., Kij. : on E. side 
of Beech fork of Salt r., 42 m. S. \V. Frankfort It is the 
site of St. Joseph's College, a Catholic institution. 

Baresville, p. o,, Monroe co., Ohio : 103 m. E. Columbus. 

Bareville, p. v., Lancast/'r co., Penn. 

Bargaintown, p. v., Atlantic co., y. Jer. : 56 m. 8. by E. 
Trenton. 

Barges, p. o., Butler co., Aki^ : on Pine Barren cr., 4S m. 
S. W. Montgomery. 

Barhambville, p. v., New Kent co., Virg. : 40 m. K. 
Richmond. 
Bar Harbor, p. o., Hancock co., Me. : 98 m. W. Augusta. 
56 



Baring, t and p. v., Washington co.. Me. : on St Croix 
r., 133 m. E. by N. Augusta. The Calais and Baring E. E., 
6 m. long, connects it with Calais. Pop. 330. 

Barker's Seitleitent, p. v., Barbour co., Virg. : 172 m. 
N. AV. Kichmond. 

Earkeiisvillr, p. v., Saratoga co., K. Y, 

Barkersville, p. v., Marion co., la.: S3 m. "W. by 3. 
Iowa City. 

Baekhamstead, t, and p. o., Litchfield co., Cwm.: on a 
branch of Farmington r., 24 m. N. W. Hartford. Pop. 1,525. 

Babk Kivkr, t. and p. o., Jefferson co., Wise. : 31 m. E. 
Madison. 

Barksdale, p. o., Halifax co., Vi7'g. : on a cr. of Roan- 
oke r., 98 m. S. W. Richmond. 

Barlow, L and p v., Washington co., Ohio: 7S m. E. S. 
E. Columbus. Pop. 1,063. 

Eaunard, I. and p. o., "Windsor co., Verm. : on tributaries 
of White and Queechee rivers, 3:^ m. S. Monlpelicr. P.1,C4T. 

Barnardsville, p. v., Roane co., Tenn.: on 3. side of 
Tennessee r., 124 m. E. by S. Nashville. 

Babnhorougu, p. v., Gloucester co., K. Jer. 

Barnegat, v., Dutchess co., N, Y. : on E. side of Hudson 
r., 4 m. S. of Poughkeepsie, and 78 m. S, Albany. Noted 
for its lime. 

Barnkuat, p. v., Ocean co., N. Jer. : 56 m. S. E. Trenton. 

Baknegat Bay and Inlet, N. Jer. : a long, narrow Day, 
separated from the ocean by Island Beach and Squam 
Beach, and having its entrance southward by an inl'-t of the 
same name. It is 20 m. long, and from 1 to 4 in. wide, 
and receives several considerable creeks, of which Mctede- 
cunk r., at ita N. extremity, is the largest. 

Barneetille, p. T., Schoharie co., .Al Y. : 88 m. W. by S, 
Albany. 

Barnes, p. 0., Richland co., OMo. : 53 m. N. by E, Co- 
lumbus. 

Barneb' Corners, p. o., Lewis co., If. Y. : 123 m. N. TV. 
Albany. 

Barnes' Cross Eoads, p. o., Dale co., AM. : 90 ra. S. E. 
Montgomery. 

Baenesville, p. v., Pike co., Ala. : 42 m. S. S. E. Mont- 
gomery. 

Babnesville, p. v., Montgomery co., Ga. : 73 m. S. E, 
Milledgeville. 

Barnesville, p. v., Belmont co., Ohio: 96 m. E. by N. 
Columbus. 

Barnet, t and p. v., Caledonia co., Venn. : on W. side 
Connecticut r,, 27 m. E. Montpelier. The Connecticut and 
Paasumpsic Rivers R. K. i)asses through it, 51 m. N. of 
White River Junction, and 9 m. S. SL Johnsbury. P. 2,521. 

Barneys, p. o., Philips co.. Ark. 

Barnhart's Island, X. Y. : the most northerly of llie 
St. Lawrence r. islands, belonging to the United States. 

Baenhart's Mills, p. o., Butler co., Peim. : 170 m. W. 
by N. Harrisburg. 

Barn Island (Geeat), 2f. Y. : lies in the East r. N. of 
Hell Gate, 147 m. S. by E. Albany, and is about 2 m. in cir- 
cuit. Little Barn Isl.vnd lies to the N. E., and is separ- 
ated from the above by a narrow rhannel called Little Hell 
Gate, and at the confluence of Harlem r. with East r. 

Barnstable county. Mass,. Situate S. E., and contains 
about 335 sq. m. This county includes the whole of Cape 
Cod, and is a sandy, unproductive region. Farms 7S9; 
manuf. 423; dwell. 6,532, and poi).- wh. .55,15':, fr. ool. 123 
— total 85,276. A great portion of the male inliabitants de- 
rive their living from the fisheries or other maratimc em- 
ployments. Capital: Barnstable. 

Barnstable, t, p. t., sea-port, and cap. Barnstable co.. 
Mans. : on Barnstable Bay, 62 m. S. E. Boston. 'I'onnage 
of tlio port 91,102 tons, chiefly employed in the flshcrics. 
The i-.iy opens on Cape Cod Bay, and at its bar has from 6 
If' 7 Icct water. Pop. 4,902. 

Barnstead, t. and p. v., Belknap co., y. Ilamp. : on 
Suncook r., 18 m. N. E. Concord. Pop. 1,848. 



BAR 



BAS 



Barswell dialrict, S. Car. Situate S. "W., and contains 
1,100 sq. m., lyinj; between the Savannah and tliu South 
Edisto rivers. Drained by tho Salkawatchie, and tlio trib- 
utaries of the two firsl named rivers. There are se\er:d 
sulphur springs in tho district. Surface undukitiiig and in- 
chning to tho S. W. ; an<i the sniJa fi-rlile. Indian corn, 
riee, and cntlon aro the principal ppixlucta. Farms 1,55S; 
nianuf. So: dwell. 2,4G0, and pup.— wh. 12,'2>.D, fr. cM. oil, 
si. 14,005— total '2G,C0S. Capital : Caruwell. Public Works : 
Sontli Carolina li. 11. 

IIaunwki.l, p. v., and cap. Barnwell dist., S. Car.: on 
Turliey er., near Saliiahatchie r., 57 m. S. S. W. Columbui. 

liAHitACK&viLLK, p. V., Marion co., Virg. 

Bai:i:r, t. and p. v., "vV'orccsler co., Mass.: on Ware r, 
5ii ni. W. Boston. Two newspapers, the "Barre Tatiiol" 
and the "Barre Gazelle," aro issued weekly. Pop. 2,076. 

Barer, t. and p. v., Washington co., Ven)i. : on Onion 
r., S m. S. by E. Montpelier. The town furnishes fino 
building granite : the State House at Montpelier is con- 
etnieted of niulerial furnished from its quarries. Pop. ],8?5. 

Barre Ckntre, p. o., Orleans co., JV. Y. : 226 m. W. Al- 
bany. 

Barren county, Ay. Situate S. centrally, and conlains 
C4G sq. m. Drained by the head waters of Big Barren, 
an arm of Green r. Surface uneven, and sometimes roll- 
ing, and soils of average fertility, producing largely tobacto 
and the cereals. Farms 1,S13; manaf. 33; dwell. 2,607, 
and pop.— wh. 15,543, fr. col. 113, si. 4,5S4— total 20,240. 
Capital: Glasgow. Public Works: Nabhville and Lex- 
ington R. B. 

Barrkn. p. o., Harrison co., Ind. : 112 m. S. Indianapolis. 

Barren, p. o., Williamson co., Tenn. : 22 m, S. Nashville. 

Barren Creek Si-kings, p. o., Somerset co., ^fd. : on N. 
Bi'le Barren er. of the Nanticoke, 55 ra. S. E. Annajxilis. 

Barren Gbove, p. o., Bureau co., lU.: 54 m. N. Spring- 
field. 

Barren Hill, p. o., Montgomery co., Penn.: 92 m. E. 
by S. Ilarrisburg. 

Barren Hill, p. o., Henry co., Tenn.: SS m. W. by N. 
Nashville. 

Barren Plain, p. o., Robertson co., Temi. : 26 m. N. 
Nashville. 

Barren Kidge, p. o., Vanzant co., Tex.: 2SS m. N. N. 
E. Austin City. 

Barren rivers, (Big and Little), Ky. : tributaries of 
Green r. 

Barrettsville, p. v., Lumpkin co., Ga.: 106 m. N. W. 
Milledgcville. 

Babreville, p. v., M'Henry co., TIL: on W. side Fox r., 
ISS m. N. E. Springfield. 

Barrington, p. v., C*>ok co.. lU. : in N. W. part of co., 
182 m. N. E. Springfield. 

Barrington, t. and p. v., Strafford co., N. I/anip. : 2S 
m. E. Concord. The " Devil's Den," a curious cave with 
several large chambers, exists under this town — one of the 
chambers is 60 feet long, 10 to 15 feet high, and 8 wide. It 
has also numerous small lakes, the outlets of which afford 
water power. Pop. 1,754. 

Harrington, L and p. v., Tates co., JV. }' ; on E. side 
of Crooked Lake, 176 m. W. Albany. Pop, 1,556. 

BiKKiNGTON, t. and p. v., Bristol eo., P. I. : S m. E. 9. E. 
Providence. Pop. 795.' 

Barr's Stuue. p. o., Macoupin co., III. : 42 m. 8. W. 
Springfield. 

Barry county, Afirh. Situate W. centrally, and contains 
570 sq. m. Drained by Thorn Apple r., a tributary of Grand 
r., and in the S. by streams flowing fo the Kalamazoo. 
Surface undulating, well limbered, and soils fertile. Farms 
733: manuf. 26; dwell. 1,037, and pop.— wh. 5,033, fr. col. 
89— tfital 5,072. Capital: Hastings. 

I'.ARRY eounly. ^fo. Situate S. W. on the SUite line, and 
contains fi.Vi sq. m. Drained E. by tributaries of White r. 
and W. l)y tlie head waters of Neosho r. of the Arkansas. 



Surface undulating; in the W. and middle hilly and broken. 
Timber abnndauL Farms 3St); nianuf. 2 ; dwell. 544, and 
pop.— wh. 3,317, fr. eol. 0, si. 150— total 3,467. Capital: 
Cass vi lie. 

Barry, t. and p. v., Schuylkill co., Penn.: on Deep cr. 
of the Susquehanna, 4-1 m. N. E. Harrisburg. 

Barry, p. v., Pike co.. III.: 7S m. W. Springfield. 

Bai:rv, p. v., Lawrence co., Ark:: 113 m. N. N. E. Lit- 
tle Bock. 

Barp.y, p. v., Frederick co., Md.: 62 m. W. N. W. An- 
napolis. 

Barry, p. v., Jackson co., Mich.: on Sandsione cr., and 
on the line of tho Michigan Central E. K., 30 oi. S. Lan- 
sing. 

Barry, p. v., Clay co., Mo. : 136 m. W. N, W. Jefferson 
City. 

Bahry, p. v., Cuyahoga co., Ohio: 126 m. N. N. E. Co- 
lumbus. 

Barry's Bciugc, p. o., Lunenburg co., Virg.: 06 m. 3. 
W. liiflimond. 

Barryton, p. v., Choctaw co. (formerly cap. Washington 
CO.), Ala.: nn Oka Tappah cr. ofTombigbce r., US m. W. 
S. W. Montgomery. 

Bav.rytown, p. v.. Duchess co., N. Y.: on E. side of 
Hudson r., 45 m. 9. Albany. 

Baruvville, p. v., Sullivan co., K. Y.: 93 m. S. W. Al- 
bany. 

Barryville, p. v., Stark co., Ohio: 112 m. N. W. Co- 
lumbus. 

Baiit, t. and p. o., Lancaster co., Penn : at the head of 
( tclarara er., 4'? m. E. Harrisburg. Pop. S,o3S. 

Barter Brook, p. o., Augusta co., Virg.: 9S m. W. 
liichmond. 

Bartholomew county, Ind. Situate S., and contains 
405 sq. m. The priucipal streams are Driflwo<»d r.. Flat 
Rock er., and Clitly cr., which have extensive bottoms. 
Surface hilly and broken in the W., but elsewhere level or 
undulating. In the bottoms the soil is a rich alluvion mix- 
ed 'With disintegrated limestone and gravel ; tho liilly parts 
have a clay soil. Every part of the county is well adapteil 
to agricullure. Farms 1,249; manuf. 49; dwell. 2,149, and 
pop.— wh. 12.346, fr. eol. S2— total 12,428. Capital: Co- 
lumbus. Ptdilic Worku : Madison and Indianapolis E. E., 
and the Columbus and JefTersonville R. R. 

Bartholomew, p. o., Drew c»., Ark.: on E. side Bayou 
Barlhnlomew. 104 m. S. E. Little Rock. 

Baktlett, t. and p. v., Coos co., N. Hanip. : on Saco r., 
at the foot of the While mts., 6S m. N. E. Concord. P. 761. 

BARTLinT, p. v., Washington co., Ohio: 76 m. S. E. Co- 
lumbu-i. 

Barton, t and p. v., Tioga co., 2^. Y. : on the Susque- 
hanna and Chemung rivers, 1'2S m. W. 9. W. Albany. 

Barton, t. and p. v., Orleans co., Verin.: on Barton r., 
36 m. N. E. Montpelier. Pop. 9S7. 

Barton, p. v., Lowndes co., Miss. : 123 m. N. E. Jack- 
son. 

Barton, p. v., Wa^ington co.. Wise. : 76 m. E. N. E. 
Madison. 

Barton Hili^ p. o., Schoharie co., ^K Y. : 33 m. W. Al- 
bany. 

Barton's Creek, p. o., Dickson co., Tenn.: 42 m. W. 
Nashville. 

Barton's Landinq, p. o., Orleans co., Venn. 

Bartoxsville, p. v., Monroe co., Penn.: 112 m. N. E. 
Harrisburg. 

Bartonbvu.le, p. v., Windham co., Venn.: 92 ra. S. 
Montpelier. 

Ba6an, p. o., Meigs co., Ohio: 84 m. 8. E. Columbus. 

Bascobel, p. v., Jackson co., Ga.: 74 m. N. by W. Mil- 
ledgevillo. 

Bascom, p. o., Senecji eo., Ohio : SO m. N. N. W. Columbus. 

Base Lake, p. o., Washtenaw co., Midi.: 46 m. S. E. 
Lansing. 

5T 



BAS 



BAT 



IJasiiam*s Gap, p. o., Morgan co., Ala.: 143 m. N. by 
"W. Mnnlgnmcry. 

]>asiiam's Mills, p. o., Johnson co., Ark.: S3 m. W. by 
N. Lililc Kock. 

Basui, p. v., Clark co., Ala. : 9S m. S. W. Montgom- 
ery. 

Basin Knob, p. o., Johnson co., Mo. : 102 m. TV", by N. 
Jefferson City. 

Baskrnkidge, p. v., Somerset co., N. Jer. : 42 ra. N. by 
E. Trenton, memorable for the capture of Gen. Lee by the 
Englisii ill the lievolutinnary War. 

Basnettville, p. v., Marion co., VirQ. 

Bass Lake, p. o., Dane co., Wlic. 

Bass IIivek Hotel, p. o., Burlington co., JV. Jer. : 57 m. 
B. K. Trenlon. 

Basti'.oi* county. Tea: Situate S. W. on Colorado r., and 
contains about 1,400 sq. m. Drained by numerous creeks 
of Ihe Colorado, which lraverse3 the county from N. W. to 
S. E. Surface generally elevated and undulating — in the 
N. some low hUIs. The streams arc fringed with heavy 
timber, between which arc small and beautiful prairies. 
Soils a deep black mold mixed with sand. Indigo and 
wild grapes grow siiontanenuj'ly, and the lands are highly 
favorable for cotton. Farms 219; manuf. 9; dwell. 377, and 
p„p._\vh. 3,1S0, fr. col. 0, 8l. 919— total 4,099. Otpitul : 
Bastrop. 

Bastuop, p. v., and cap. Morohause par., La. : on W. side 
of Bayou Bartholomew, 162 m. N. by V>'. Baton liougo. 

Bastp.op, p. v., and cap. Bastrop co., 71=0'. .■ on N. side liio 
Colorado, 26 m. E. S. E. Austin City. It is the centre of a 
rich agricultural country, and has great advantages as an 
interior commercial village. 

Baiavia, p. v., Kane co.. Hi.: on the Aurora branch of 
the GaUna and Cliicago Union It. U., 86 ra. W. Chicago, 
nnd 194 m. N. N. E. Springfield. 

Batavia, t., p. v., and cap. GcTiesee co., X. Y.: onTona- 
wanda cr., 226 m. "W. Albany. Several railroads terminate 
at and pass through the place ; and there arc two newspa- 
pers, Ihe " Bepublican Advocate" (whig), and the " Spirit 
of the Times" (dem.), issued weekly. It rs a neat village, 
and has considerable trade. Pop, oft 4461. 

Batavia, t and p. v.. Branch co., Mic/i. : on Southern 
Micliigan R. E., 60 m. S. Lansing. Pop. 724. 

Batavia, p. v., and cap. Clermont co., Ohio: on the N. 
bank of the E. fork of Little Miami r., &S m. S. W. Colum- 
bus. The *' Clermont Sun" (dem.), and the " Clermont 
Courier" (whig), are published weekly. The village has 
some manufactures. 

Batavia Kill, p. o., Delaware eo., 3'". }' ; 77 m. S. "W. 
Albany. 

Bateman's Store, p. o., Houston co., Ga. : 42 m. S. S. 
AV. Milletlgeville. 

Bates county. Mo. Situate S. "W. on State line, and con- 
tains 7S0 sq, m. Drained by tributaries of Osage r. Sur- 
face undulating— principally prairie, and soils very fertile. 
Timber plentiful on the rivers. Farms 472 ; dwell. 62G, and 
pop._wh. 3,520, fr. col. 8, si. 140— total 3,663. Capital: 
Batesville. 

Batesville, p. v., and cap. Independence co., A?'k. : on 
left bank of White r., 7S m. N. N. E. Little Bock. Fop. 8i-\ 

Batesville, p. v., Habersham co., Oa. : 133 m. N. by \V. 
Milled gcville. 

Batesville, p. v., Guernsey co., Ohio: 92 m. E. Colum- 
bns. 

Batesville. p. v., and cap. Bates co. {formerly Harmo- 
ny Mission), Mo,: on N. bank of Osago r., 126 m. W. Jef- 
ferson City. 

Bath county, AT?/. Situate N. E., and contains 260 sq. 
m. Drained by Slate and other creeks, tributaries of Lick- 
ing r., which forms its K. liordor. Surface occasionally 
hilly with much level or rolling lands; and the soils very 
fertile. The chief products consist of the cereals and to- 
bacco. Farms 1,01S; manuf. 'I'i; dwell. 1,595, and pop.— 



wh. 9,477, fr. col. 102, si. 2,5-15— total 12,114. Capital. 
Offingsville. 

Batu county, Virg. Situate centrally among the Alle- 
ghanies, and contains 756 sq. m. Watered by the head 
streams of James r., flowing E., and of Greenbrier, flowing 
W. to the Ohio. It is an elevated hilly country, and con- 
tains a luimber of medicinal springs. Soils very fertile in 
the valleys, producing grain, and fcetling thousands of cat- 
tle and sheep. Fanns 261; manuf 17; dwell. 410. and 
pop.— wh. 2,436, fr. eol. 43, si. 947— total 3,426. CapiUtl: 
Balh C. H. 

Bath, p. v., Franklin co., Ind. : (see Miseeville). 

Batu, p. v., and cap. Mason co., JU. : on the E. bank of 
Illinois r., 3S m. N. W. Springfield. 

Bath, t, p. c, and sea-port, Lincoln co.. Me. • on W. 
bank of Kennebec r., 12 ni. from tlie ocean, and 2S S. Au- 
gusti. It is one of the principal commercial towns of the 
Slate, and is largely engageil in ship-building. Tonnage, 
103,626 tons, of which 76,606 tuns are employed in foreign 
commerce. A branch of the Keunebec and Portland R. R., 
9 ni. long, connects the place with the general railroad sys- 
tem of the V. S. Six newspapers are published here — tho 
" Nortliern Tribune" (whig), trr-weekly and weekly; the 
"Eastern Times" (dem.) ; the "Weekly Mirror" (neutral), 
and the "Sagadahock Beview" (neutral), weekly; and the 
" Journal of Education," semi-monthly. Pop. S,020. 

Bath, p. v., Beaufort co., Ji. Car.: on a cr. of Pamlico 
Sound, 12S m. E. Baleigh. 

Batu, I. and p. 0., Grafton co., J^. I/amp.: on Ammo- 
noosuc r., at its confluence with Connecticut r., 69 m. N. N. 
E. Concord. At the v. the Ammonoosnc is crossed by a 
bridge 350 feet long. Pop. oft 1..M4. 

Batu, t, p. v., and cap. Steuben co.. A' Y. : on the C-on- 
hoeton r.. 173 m. W. S. W.Albany. The "Steuben Cou- 
rier" (whig), the " Farmer's Advocate," and " Steuben 
Democrat" (dem.), arc published weekly. The village is 
an important station on the BnlTalo, Corning, and New 
Vork City E. R., and has a large number of flourishing 
flour and saw mills. Pop. of t 6,185. 

Batu. t and p. v.. Summit eo., Ohio: on a cr. of Cuya- 
hoga r.. lOS m. N. E. Columbus. Pop. 1,400. 

Batu, p. v., Northampton co., Ptvin. : 90 m. E. N. E. 
Harrisburg. 

Batu, p. v., and cap. Bath co., Virg. : 132 m. W. N. W. 
Biehmond. The village is noted for its medicinal springs: 
Uie Warm Spring at this place has a temperature of 96© 
Fahr.^ and about 6 m. S. W. arc hot springs, the temptra- 
ture being 112^^; these are much visited. Pop. 307. 

Bath Alum, p. v., Bath co., Virg. 

Batu Spbtng, p. o., Decatur co., Tenn. 

Baton Rouge, East, parish, La. Situate on the E. bank 
of Mississippi r., and contains 2SS sq. m. The lands are 
well drained by numerous streams, tributaries of Amitie r., 
which borders it E. Surface slightly elevated above flood 
mark. Soils productive of com, cotton, and sugar. Farms 
287, dwell. 1,044, and pop.— wh. 5,347, fr. col. 279, si. 6,351 
—total 11,977. CO'pital: Baton Rouge. 

Baton Rouge, AVest, parish, la. Situate W. side of 
Mississippi, and contains 576 sq. m. Drained by creeks 
and bayoux falling into Bayou Atehafalaya, which borders 
it S. and W. Surface low, level, and subject to inundation, 
except along the streams where the land is slightly elo- 
vatod. Cotton is the principal production. Farms 1S8 ; 
dwell. 302. and pop.— wh. 1,S1S. fr. cot 102, si. 4,350— total 
6,270. Capital: West Bnton Rouge. 

Bato?j Rouge, p. v., and cap. Easi Baton Rouge par., 
Jm., and cap. of the State of Louisiana : on E. bank of Mis- 
sissippi r., 245 m. from its mouth, and 1,120 S. W. Washing- 
ton. It is the site of an U. S. barracks, and contains tlie Slato 
House, the Louisiana Penitent iarj". county ofliccs, and other 
handsome public and private dwellings. It is mostly built 
upon an elevated plain, some 25 or 80 feet above the river, 
the business portion being at the ^bot of the bluff. The 



BAT 



BEA 



'•Baton Kouge Gazette." and ''Democratic Advocate," are 
publisho.i wtH'kly. Ti.p. 3,905. 

Baton Rougz, C. II., p. v., and cap. West Baton Kouge, 
La. : on the W^. side of the Mississippi r., immedialt'ly oppo- 
Bile Baton llouffe. 

Baton Rouge, p. v., Chester di^., S. Car. : 62 m, N. Co- 
lumbia. 

BATTAnATCOTE fiver, Aia. and Miss. : a tributar>' of Tom- 
bigbee r.— it rtsos in AJabama, and after a course of 70 m. 
diacmbognes in Monroe co., Miiis. 

Batten Kill, a tribtitary of the Hudson r. from Vermont. 
It has a course of about 50 m., in which it furnishes many 
excellent mill sites, and falls into the Hudson below Fort 
Miller Bridge. 

Battentille, p. v., ^Viishington co., jV. Y. : 33 m. N. E. 
Albany. 

Battleborottgh, p. v., Edgecomb co., 2^. Car. : 46 m. E. 
by N. Raleigh. 

Battle Creek, p. v.. Calhoun co., MicJi. : at the junction 
of Battle cr. and Kalamazoo r., 42 m. S. W. Lansing. The 
Michigan Central K. R. intersects the v. 120 m. \V. Detroit. 
Battle Creek, p. o,, Marion co., Tenn. 
Battle Creek. Mich. : the largest branch of Kalamazoo 
r. It is about 40 m. long, aod furnishes many good mill 
sites. 

Battlefield, p. 0., Lauderdale co., Mi^e.: 88 m. E. 
Jackson. 

Battle Ground, p. o., Tippecanoe co., I/uf. : on the W. 
side Tippecanoe r., 66 m. N. W. Indianapolis. Famons as 
the scene of General Harrison's viotor>' over the Indians. 

Bau-mbtottn, p. v., Berks co., Fenn. : 52 m. E. by N. Uar- 
risburg. 

Batington, p. 0., "Washington co., Peivn.: 192 m. W. 
Harrisburg. 
Baxter's, p. o., Muskingum co., Ohio : 50 m.'W. Columbus. 
Bat, p. o., Pope CO., JU,: on Big Bay or., 188 m. 8. S. E. 
Springfield. 

Bay Hundred, p. o., Talbot co., Md. : on E. side of East- 
ern Bay of the Chesapeake, 23 m. 8. E. Annapolis. 

Bay Mount, p. o., Greene co., Tenn. : 132 m. E. Nash- 
viUe. 

Bayou Chicot, p. v., St. Landry par., La. : 66 m. W. N. 
W. Baton Rouge. 

Bayou Goula, p. v., Iberville par., La. : 22 m. W. by S. 
Baton I'.ouge. 

Bayou Pierre, p. o., Caddo par., La. : 172 m. N, W. Ba- 
ton Rouge. 

Bayou Ramois, p. c, St. Mary's par.. La.: 53 m. 8. "W. 
Baton Rouge. 

Bayou Rouge, p. o., Avoyelles par., La.: 5S m. N. W. 
Baton Rouge. 

Bay's Bottom, p. o., Gallia co., Ohio: 9S m. S. E. Co- 
lumbus. Pop.-1.302. 

BiizETT, p. o., Navarre co,, Ttxe. : on the W. side of Trin- 
ity r.. 210 m. N. N. E. Austin City. 

Bazetta, L and p. v., Trumbull co., Ohio: 145 m. N. E. 
Columbus. 

Beacji Branch, p. o,, Beaufort dist., S. Car. : 112 m. S. 
Columbia. 

Beach Grove, p. o.. Lucerne co., Pejvn.: 102 m. N. E. 
Harrisburg. 

Beacu Haven, p. v., Lucerne co., Pmn. : 9S m. N. E. 
Harrisburg. 
Be,\cit Hill, p. d., TTlster co., K. Y. : 72 m. 9. Albany. 
Beath Land, p. o., Cliatlooga co., Ga. : 162 m. N. W. 
Milledgeville. 

Beale'8 Mills, p. o., Juniata co., P<»in. : ;i4 m. W. Har- 
risburg. 

Beallsvtlle, p. v., Washington co., Penn. : 20S ra. W. by 
B. Harrisburg. 

Beali^ville, p. v., Monroe co., OMo : 104 m. E. Co- 
JumbuB. 
Beamstille, p. v., Darke co., Ohio: 93 m. W. Columbus. 



Bean Blossom, p. o., Brown co., Ind. : on a cr. so called, 
8S m. S. Indianapolis. 

Bean's Station, p. o., Grainger co., Teun. : ISS ra. E. by 
N. Nashville. 

Beantown, p. v., Charles co., Md. : 33 m. S. W. Aiiha- 
polis. 

Bear Branch, p. o., Duplin co., 21. Cm\ : 52 m. S. S. E. 
Raleigh. 

Bear Beanch, p. o., Ohio co., Ind. : 86 m. S. E. Indian- 
apohs. 

Bear Creek, p. o., Jay co., Ind. : on a cr. so called, a 
tributary of Wabash r., 62 m. E. N. E. Indianapolis. 

Be.ve Creek, p. o., Montgomery co., III. : 46 m. S. Spring- 
field. 

Bkae Creek, p. o., Cedar co., Mo.: on a cr. so called, a 
tributary of Sac r. of the Ossage, 60 m. S. W. Jefferson 
City. 

Bear Creek, p. o., Poweslriek co., la.: 46 m. W. Iowa 
City. 

Bear Creek, p. o., Lucerne co., Penn. : 86 m. N. E. Har- 
risburg. 

Bear Creek, p. a, Montgomery co., Ohio. : 82 m. W. 
Columbus. 

Bear Creek, p. o.. Sank oo., Wt^c. : 48 m. W. by N. Ma- 
dison. 

Beak Creek, p. o., Pickens co., Ala.: 124 m. N. W. 
Montgomery. 
Bear Creek, p. o., Sabine co., Tecc. : 246 m. E. Austin City. 
Beard's Bluff, p. o., Marslicll co., Ala. : 182 m. N. 
Montgomery, 

Beardstown, p. v., and cup. Cass co.. III. : on E. side of 
the Illinois r., 48 m. W. by N. Springfield. 

Beardstown, p. v., Perry co., Ttmn. : 73 m. S. "VV. Naah- 
Tille. 

Bear Gap, p. o., Northumberland co., Penn. : 72 m. N. 
Harrisburg. 

Bearmont, p. o., Schuylkill co., Penn. : 52 m. E. N. E. 
Harrisburg. 

Bear Range, p. o., Autauga co., Ala.: 23 m. N. W. 
Montgomery. 
Beaesville, p. v., Ulster co., N. Y. : 69 ra. S. 8. E. Albany. 
Beartow'n, p. v., Lancaster co., Pentu : 48 m. 8. E. Har- 
risburg. 

Bbar Wallow, p. o., Barren co., Ky.: 103 m. S. by W. 
Frankfurt. 
Beasei.ey, p. 0., Jefferson co., Flor. 
Beatie's Bluff, p. o., Madison co., Miss.: 32 m. N. by 
E. Jackson. 

Eeattie's Ford, p. o., Lincoln co., iVI Car.: 142 m. W. 
by S. Raleigh. 

Beatty's BEmOE, p. o., Bladen co., M Car. : 84 m. S. 
Raleigh. 
Bhaty's Mills, p. o., Marion co., Virg. 
Beatystown, p. v., Warren co., A'. Jer.: on Muscone- 
teong cr., at the ^\^ base of Schooley'e mt., 52 ra. N. Tren- 
ton. 

Beaufort county. A1 Gir. Situalo E. on Pamlico and 
Pungo rivers, and contains 67(* sq. m. Surface flat, and 
subject to inundation. Cotton and riee the sluples. Farms 
.594; manuf. 73; dwell. 1,G63, and pop.— wh. T,663, fr. col. 
904, si. 5,249— total 13,816. Capital: Washington. 

Beaufort district, S. Car. Situate in S. AV. comer of 
(he State, and contains 1,120 S(i. m. Facing 8. E. on the 
Atlantic, and lying between the Savannah and Cambahee 
rivers, and drained by Uieu- tributaries and the C^iosawat- 
chio r. The coast is lined with a numbf r of island*, the 
largrsl of which are Hilton Head, St. Helena, an.l Port 
Royal, which form a number of canals and inlets. Surface-: 
low and marshy, and sr»il generally sandy. The chief pro- 
ducts are Indian com, rice, and cotton. FarniH S42 ; manuf. 
IS ; -dwell. 1,MS5. and pop.— wh. 5,945, fr. col. 5Sl, si. 32,279 
— loL-il 3K.905. Capit<il: Coosaw:ilchle. 
Beaufokt, p. v., sea-port, and cap. Carlaret co.. .V. Car.: 

59 



BEA 



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126 m. E. S. K. Raieigh. The barbor ia 9i)acious and safe, 
and admits vessels drawing 14 feet water, entrance being 
had by Old Topsail Inlet, 11 m. N. \V. Cape lookout. The 
port has a good commerce, and the shipping belonging to 
tiie district in 1S50 waa 2,250 Ions, chiefly coasters. On 
liogue Point, at the entrance of the harbor, stands Fort 
Macon. 

Beadfoet, p. v., Franklin cc, Mo. : 5S m. E. Jefferson 
City. 

liEAUFOET, p. v., sea-port, and cap. Beaufort dist, S. Car. : 
on the W. side of Port Koyal r., an inlet of the Atlantic, 10 
m. from the sea and 156 S. Columbia. The harbor is good, 
but on account of a bar at the moulli, vessels of more 
than 11 feet drall are prevented entrance. It has little or 
no commerce, and the site is unhealthy. Pop. 87S. 

Beaumont, p. o., Lucerne co., Pemi. : 72 m. N. E. llar- 
risbur^. 

JJkaumont, p. v., and cap. Jefferson co., Txc. : on the W. 
banli of Nechcfl r., 2S m. above its entrance into Sabine 
Bay, and 224 m. E. by S. Austin City. 

Bkaver county, Pemi. Situate W., and contains 3S2 sq. 
m. Drained by Beaver r. and the Ohio, which flows through 
it. Surface uneven, sometimes hilly, but soils fertile. Coal 
and iron arc abundant. Farms 1,S41 ; manuf. IstJ; dwell. 
4,5W, and pop.— wh. 26,444, fr. col. ^45— total 2G,GS9. Cop- 
iUil: Beaver. Public Worl'a: Cleveland and Pittsburg 
II. E., Ohio and Pennsylvania K. E., Beaver and Erie 
Canal, etc. 

BKAVEa, t and p. v., Pike co., Ohio: on the line of the 
Cincinnati, Hillsboro', and Parkersburg E. R., 62 m. S. by 
E. Columbus. Pop. 520. 

Beater, p. v., Anderson co., Texi. : 216 m. N. E. Austin 
Cit)-. 

Beaveb, p. v., and cap. Beaver co., Penn.: at tlic con- 
fluence of Big Beaver r. with ihe Ohio r., 30 m., by the 
river course, below Pittsburg, and 1S7 ra. W. Ilarrisburg. 
Two newspapers, the " B. Argus," and the " Western Star" 
(whig), are issued weekly. Pop. 2,054. 

Beaver, p. v., Boone co., III.: on a or. of Eock r., 1G4 
m. N. by E. Springfield. 

Bkavek Brook, p. c, Sullivan co., N. Y. : 121 m. S. S. 
W. Albany. 

Bkaveu Creek, p. v., Bond co., Rl.: on Beaver cr. of 
Kaskaskia r., 72 m. S. by E. Springfield. 

Bf.aver Crcek, p. o , Pulaski co., Ind. : on a cr. of Tip- 
pecanoe r., SI m. N N. W. Indianapolis. 

Beater Ckeek, p. o., Washington co., Md.: on a cr. of 
Antietam r., 74 m. N. W. Annapfilis. 

Beater Creek, p. o., Campbell co., Virg. : 9S m. W. by 
S. Bichmond. 

Beattr Dam, p. o., Kosciusko co., Ind. : 105 ni. N. In- 
dianapolis. 

Beater Dam, p. c. Union co., X. Car.: IIG m. S. W. 
EaJcig^L 

Beatkr Dam, p. o., Goochland co., Virg. : 21 m. W. 
Eiehmond. 

Beater Dam, p. o., Dodge co.. Wine. : 51 m. N. E. Mad- 
ison. 

Brater Dam, p. o,, Allen co., Ohio: S9 m. N. W. Co- 
lumbus. 

Beater Dam, p. o., Clark co., Miss.: 98 m. E. by S. 
Jackson. 

Beatek Dam DEr6T, p. o., Hanover co., Virg. : on the 
line of the Virginia Central E. R., 40 m. (2S m. direct) N. 
W, Richmond. 

Beater Dam Forks, p. o., Tipton co., Tenn.: 153 m. 
W. S. W. Nashville. 

Braver Dam Springs, p. c, Ilickman co., Tenn. : 42 m. 
8. W. Nashville. 

Beaver Dams, p. o., Chemung oo., .W. Y.: 162 m. W. S. 
W. Albany. 

Beaver Island, p. o., Michilimackinac co., Mich.: 212 
m. N. N. W. Lansing. The Beavers are a cluster of islands 
60 



at the entrance of Lake Michigan. The largest. Big Beaver, 
contains about 25,000 acres, and is now.n possession of a 
band of Mormons, under tlic direction of Strang, one of 
the most eminent advocates of the church. 

Beaver Kill, p. o., Sullivan eo., N. Y. : on a cr. of same 
name, tributary to the Papacton Branch of Delaware r., 74 
ni. S. S. W. Albany. 

Beaver Meadow, p. o., Chenango co., N. Y. : 101 m. 
W. Albany. 

Beaver Mkauows, p. c, Carbon co., Penn. : in the an- 
thracite coal region of the Lehigh r., 78 m. N. E. Harris- 
burg. Pop. 525. 

Beaveb Ponds, p. o., Montgomery co., Ky. : 60 m. E. by 
S. Frankfort. 

Beaver Ridge, p. o., Knox co., Tenn.: 158 m. E. by 8. 
Njishvitle. 

Beaver Ruin, p. c, Union co., Ark.: 108 m. 8. Little 
Rock. 

Beaver Springs, p. o., Union co., Penn. : 52 m. N. W. 
Harrisburg. 

Bkavertown, p. v., Union co., Penn.: 59 m. N. W. 
Ilarrisburg. 

Beavep. Valley, p. o., Columbia co., Penn.: 67 m. N. 
E. llarrisburg. 

Becket, t. and p. v., Berkshire co., Mass. : on the Green 
mountain range, 104 m. W. Boston. Pop. I,'i23. 

Becket's Store, p. c, Pickaway co., Ohio: 25 m. S. Co- 
lumbus. 

Becketsville, p. v., Tallapoosa co., Ala.: 82 m. N. K 
Montgomery. 

Eeckhamstille, p. v., Chester dist, S. Car. : on the W. 
side of Wateree r., 44 m. N. Columbia. 

Becklev, p. 0., Raleigh co., Virg. : 267 m. W. Eieh- 
mond. 

Beckville, p. T., Carroll co.. Miss. : 74 m. N. Jackson. 

Bedford county, Peivn.. Situate S. middle, and con- 
tains 982 sq. m. Drained by the head waters of Raystown 
Branch of Juniata r., and several tributaries of the N. branch 
of Potomac r. Surface inounIaino*is, with extensive and 
fertile valleys. Iron and bituminous coal abound. Farms 
1,S75; manuf. 117; dwell. 3,89G, and pop. -wh. 22,037, fr. 
col. 415— total 23,052. Capital: Bedford. 

Bedford county, Teiin. Situate centrally, and contains 
6S0 sq. m. Drained by Duck r. of ihe Tennessee and itB 
tributary creeks. Surface finely variegated with hill and 
dale, with abundance of timber, and the soils generally fer- 
tile. Farms 9SG; manuf. 2S; dwell. 2,754, and pop.~wh. 
15,938, fr. col. 71, si. 5,503— total 21,512. Capital: Shelby- 
ville. Public Works: Nashville and Chattanooga E. R., 
and branch to Shelbyville. 

Bedford county, Virg. Situate at the E. base of the 
Blue Ridge, between James and Staunton rivers, the in- 
t4?rior being drained principally by creeks (idling into the 
latter. It contains about 600 sq. m. Surface generally 
hilly, sometimes mountainous, and soils very fertile, pro- 
ducing Imlian corn, oats, tobacco, etc., abundantly, The 
'■ Peaks of Otter" overlook it from the west. Farms 1,364; 
manuf. 16; dwell. 2,396, and pop.— wh. 15,556, fr. col. 468, 
si. 10,061— total 26,080. Capital : lAhttiy. Public Works: 
Virginia and E. Tennessee E. E. 

Bedford, p. v., and cap. Lawrence co., Ind. : between 
the E. fork of White r. and Salt r., 3 m. from the junction, 
ami 64 m. S. S. W. Indianapolis R. R. ; is a place of somo 
importance. The New Albany and Salem It. R. passsca 
through it N. ami S., and the Cincinnati and St. Louis R. R, 
E. and W. A branch of the State bank is located here. 

Bedford, p. v., and cap. Trimble co., Ky. : 38 m. N. W. 
Frankfort. A mile from the v. is an Epsom salts spring 
surcharged with suljihur, and near it accommodations are 
provided for invalid visitors. 

Bedford, (, and p. v., Calhoun co., MicJu : on Kalamazoo 
r., 46 m. S. W. Lansing. The Michigan t^ntr.-!! R. R. pass- 
es through the S. part of the t, 124 m. W. Detroit. 1*. 747. 



BED 



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Bedford, u and p. v., Middlesex co., Jfass. : on Shaw- 
sheen r., 15 ra. N..W. lioslon. Pap. D75. 

Bedfoud. t. and p. v., IlillsburougU eo., K ITamp,: on 
Merrimac r.. 13 ni. S. Conwjrd. Tbe t, has good water- 
power and furnishes viirions minerals. Pop. l,f)0(). 

Bedford, p. v., and cap. Westchester co., iV. Y. : 122 m. 
8. Albany. Pop. 3,2.)9. 

Bedford, t, and p. v., Cuyahojra co., Ohio: on Tinker's 
cr., 12S m. >J. E. Coliinibiis. Pop. 1,SM. 

Bedford, U, p. v.. and cap. Bedford co., Penn. : on Boys- 
town branch of Juniata r., S}\ m. \V. by S. Harriiburg. It 
is pleasantly situate in the midst of a mountain valley, and 
ia celebrated for its mineral springs. Three newspapers, 
the " B. Gazette" (dem.), llic "Jackson Democrat," and the 
" Democratic Inquirer" (whig), are published weekly. The 
accommodations for visitors arc ample- Pop. 1,203. 

Bedfokd Station, p. o., Westchester co., K, Y. : on the 
line of the Harlum E. P., 42 m. N. New York City. 

Bkdi, p. o., Grimes co., Tor. .- 132 m. E. Austin City. 

Bee Br.vsch, p. o., Pettis co., 3fo. : 66 ra. W. by N. Jef- 
ferson City. 

Bee<h Bluff, p. o., Dallas co., Ark.: fti m. S. E. Little 
Bock. 

Bkeou Cbekk, p. 0., CUnton co., Pemi. : 92 irf N. N. W. 
Harrisbnrg. 

Beech Fork, p. o., Washington co.. A'y. .■ on a creek of 
Salt r. so called, 45 m. S. W. Frankfort. 

Beech Gkove, p. o., Rush co., Ind. : 42 m. E. S. E. In- 
dianapolis. 

Beech Geote, p. o.. Philips co., Ai'k.: 89 m. E. by S. 
Little Pvock. 

Beecd Grove, p. o., Coffee co., Tenn. : 4S m. S. E. Nash- 
ville. 

Beech Island, p. o., Edgefleld dist., S. Car. : 53 m. W. 
Columbia. 

Beech Land, p. o., Licking co., Oliio: 32 ra. E. N. E. 
Columbus. 

Beech Land, p. o.. Union co., Ark, : 112 m. S. S. E. Lit- 
tle Pock. 

Beech Woods, p. o., Warren co., Peiin, : 1S4 m. N. W. 
Harrisburg. 

Beechy Mire, p. o.. Union co., Ind. : 70 m. E. by S. In- 
dianapolis. 

Beehive, p. o., Clinton co., Mo. : on Smith's fork of Little 
Platte r., 136 m. N. W. Jelfcrson City. 

Beekman, t, and p. v., Duchess co., y. Y. : on Fisbkill r., 
a tributar>' of Hudson r.. S7 m. S. Albany. Pop. 1,5S5. 

Beeeman'8 Mills, p. o., Somerset co., A'^ Jer. : 22 ra. N. 
by E. Trenton. 

Eeekuantown, t. and p. o., Clinton co., K. Y. : on Lake 
Champlain, 140 m. N. Albany. In the W. part of the town 
are the lakes Cliazy and Chateaugua, the sources of the r. 
of tlie same name. Pop S,<^54. 

Peeler's Station, p. o., Marshall co., Virg. : 240 m. N. 
W. Richmond. 

Bef, Line. p. o., Allegan co., MicA. ; 60 ra. W. Lansing. 

Beemerville, p. v., Sussex co., iV. Jer. : 73 m. N. Tren- 
ton. 

Bee Ridge, p. o., Knox co., Mo.: 112 m. N. Jefferson 
City. 

Beesley's Point, p. o., Cape May co., K. Jer. : 92 ra. S. 
Trentun. 

Beetown, p. v.. Grant co., Wise: 69 m. W. by S. Mad- 
ison. 

Beetree, p. o., Kershaw dist., S. Car. : SS m. N. E. Co- 
lumbia. 

Begley'8, P.O., Perry co., Kij. : 122 m. S. E. Frankfort. 

Belair, p. o.. Richmond co., Go.: on the line of the 
Georgia R. R., 11 m. W. Augusta, and 6S m. E. N. E. Mil- 
led geville. 

Bel-Air, p. v., and c,^p. Harford co., Md. : between 
Wintj_T's and Bynham's Runs, 89 m. N. Annapoli.^. A 
newspaper, the " Gazette," ta issued weekly. Tho country 



in the vicinity comprises one of the finest agricultural dis- 
tricts of the Stale. 

Belair, p. o., Lancaster disU, S. Car. : 6S m. N. by E. Co- 
lumbia. 

Belcher, p. o., W;ishington co., X. Y. : 42 m. N. by E. 
Albany. 

Relcuertown, t. and p. v., Hampshire co., Mass. : 63 m. 
W. by S. Boston. 

Eelden, p. v., M'Henry co., lU. : 189 ra. N. E. Spring- 
field, 

Belew's Creek, p. o., Stokes co., N. Car. : lOS im W. N. 
W. Raleigh. 

Belfast, L, p. c, seaport, and cap. Waldo co., Me.: at 
the head of Belfast Bay, on the W. side of Penobscot r., 30 
m. from the ocean, and 37 m. E. Augusta. The harbor is 
spacious, ami sufficieinly deep for the largest vessels. The 
principal exports arc lumber and fish. Ship-huilding is ex- 
tensively engaged in : in 1S50, 32 vessels, and 6.215 Ions, 
were built. The shipping belonging to the district amounts 
to 45,5y5 t<)ns, chiefly employed in the coasting trade, and 
the cod and mackerel fislieries. There are two newspapers 
piibli.-ihed here, the "State Signal," and the "Republican 
Journal," both democratic, and issued weekly. It has reg- 
ular communication by steamboat with the ports north and 
south. Pop. 5,052. 

Belfast, t. and p. v., Alleghany co., N. Y. : on Genesee 
r., 233 m. W. by S. Albany. The Genosre Valley Canal 
here leaves the river, and passes S. W. up the valley of 
Black cr. 

Belfast, p. v.. Clermont co., Ohio: 92 m. S. W. Colum- 
bus. 

Belfast, p. v., Northampton co., Penn. ; 39 m. E. by N. 
Harrisburg. 

liELFAST, p. o., Marshall co., Tenn. : 56 m. S. Nashville. 

Belfof.d, p. o., Nash co., N. Car. : on Swift cr., 46 m. E. 
by N. Raleigh. 

Belgrade, t. and p. v., Kennebec CO., Me. : 10 m. N. Au- 
gusta. The town is almost surrounded by beautiful lakes, 
the outlets of which, in their course to the Kennebec, fur- 
nish extensive mill-power. The Androscoggin and Ken- 
nebec R. R. traverses the eastern edge of the town ; 67 m. 
N.E. Portland, and 15 S. W. Waterville. 

Belgrade Mills, p. v., Kennebec co., Me. : at the outlet 
of one of the lakes on the edge of the town of Belgrade 16 
m. N. Augusta. 

BnLKNAP county, iV. Hamp. Situate N. E., and contains 
404 sq. ra. Drained hy Suncook and WJnnipiseogee rivers, 
the Merrimac, and several creeks of Winnipise<igec Lake 
and Great Bay. Surface various, and soils moderately fer- 
tile. Farms 2,43■^: manuf. 163; dwell. 3,4^36, and pop.— 
wh. IT.CO^.IV. C01.2S total 17,721. Capital : G\\^ot<\. Pub- 
lic Worl^-'fi: Boston. Concord, and Montreal R. B., and 
Cocheeo Valley R. R. 

Bell county, Te3?. Situate centrally on Little r., of the 
Brazos, and conbins about 910 sq. m. Surface well drain- 
ed, and soils fertile. Erected since 1850. 

Bell. p. v.. Highland co.. Ohio: 59 m. S. W. Columbus. 

Bell. p. v., and cap. Bell co.. T^.: on Little r. of the 
Rio Brazos. 64 m. N. N. E. Austin City. 

Bell Air, p. v., Crawf-.rd co.^ TIL: on N. fork of Em- 
barr.-i3 r.. li)4 m. E. S. E. Springfield. 

Bell Air. p. o.. Cooper co.. Mo. .-•34 m. W. by N. JefTer- 
snn City, 

Bell Air, p. o., Belmont co., Ohio: 114 m.E. Columbus. 

Bell Brook, p. o., (".n-eno co,, Ohio: 5S m. W. by S. Co- 
lumbus. 

Belle Centre, p. o., Logan Co., Ohio: 51 m. N. W. Co- 
in mints. 

Bei.lki-ovtaine, p. v., Choctaw co., 3Iiss.: 112 m. N. N. 
E. Jackson. 

RKLLEF<l^"TAI^^■., p. v.. and cap. Logan co., Ohio: 52 m. 
N. W. Colundnis. It is an important ecntrf, :md has a 
flourishing business. Railroads pass through th9 village, 

CI 



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BEL 



N. and S., and E. and W. A newspaper, the "L. Gazette," 
is published weekly. Pop. 1,200. 

Bellefonte, p. v., and c:ip. Jackson co., Ala. : on Paint 
Rock cr. of the Tennessee r.. 106 in. N. by E. Montgomery. 
A newspaper, the "Jackson County Democrat," is issued 
weckJy. 

Bellefonte, p. v., Pulaski co., Mo. : on the E. side of 
Giiscnnade r., JW m. S. Jefl'erson City. 

Bellefonte, p. v., and cap. Centre co., Penn. : on Spring 
cr. of liald Eagle r., 6S m. N. W. Ilarrisburg. It is exten- 
sively engaged in the iron trade, and has a connection by 
canal with West Branch Canal. Three ncwspai>ers, the 
" C. Bcriehter," and the " C. Democrat" (dem.), and the 
" Democratic Whig," are issued weekly. Pop. 2,913. 

BELLEFoinfTAiN, p. V., Columbia co.» Wise: 88 m. N. E. 
Madison. 

BELLEF0u>TAnj, p. V., Mahaska co., la, : on the B. side 
of Des Moines r., 70 m. W. S. W. Iowa City. 

Beli.e IIaten, p. 0., Accomac co., Virg. : 112 m. E. by 
N. Kichmond. 

Belle Isle, p. o., Onondaga co., If. T. : 136 m. W. by N. 
Albany. 

Bellemont, p. v., Lancaster co., Penn, : 42 m. E. by S. 
llarrislnirg. 

Bellemonte, p. v., St. Louis co., Mo.: 114 m. E. by N. 
Jefferson City. 

Belle Ombee, p. v., Ballard eo., Ki/.: 240 m. W. by S. 
Frankfort. 

Belle Point, p. o., Boone co., la. : 182 m- W. by N. 
Iowa City. 

Belle Point, p. o., Delaware co., Ohio : 27 m. N. Co- 
lumbus. 

Belle Peaieie, p. o., Ilamilton co., III. : 14S m. S. S. E. 
Springfield. 

Belle Eiteb, p. o., SL Clair co., ^fk:h. : 111 m. E. Lan- 
sing, on the r. so called, which falls into St, Clair r. after a 
course of upward of 50 m. 

Belle Vernon, p. o., Wyandott co., Ohio: 66 ra. N. by 
W. Columbus. 

Belle Veenon, p. o., Fayette co., Penrt-. : 153 m. W. by 
S. Ilarrisburg. 

Belleview, p. o., Talbot co., Ga.: 67 m. W. by S. Mil- 
led geville, 

Bellettew, p. o.. Rusk co., Tear. : 216 m. N. E. Austin 
City. 

Belleview, p. v., Calhoun co., lU.: on a beautiful 
prairie on the E. side of Bay cr, 69 ra. W. 8. W. Spring- 
field. 

Belleview, p. v.. Christian co., JCy. : 174 m. W. by S. 
Frankfort 

Belleview, p. v., Lebanon co., Penn. : 83 m. E. by N. 
Harrisburg. 

Belleview, p. o., and cap. Bossier par.. La, : on E. side 
of Lake Bodeau, 210 m. N. W. Baton Kouge. 

Belleville, p. v., Conecuh co., Ala.: at the head of 
Murder cr. of Conecuh r., 78 m. S. W. Montgomery. 

Belleville, p. v., Desha co.. Ark. : 118 m. S. E. Little 
Rock. 

Belleville, p. v., Hendricks co., Ind. : 21 m. W. 8. W. 
Indianapolis. 

Bklleville, p. v., and cap. St Clair co.. Ill : on Rock- 
land or., 92 m. S. by W. Springfield. The site is elevated, 
and the surrounding country highly fertile. Three news- 
papers are published here — the " B. Advertiser'* (dem.), the 
'* Zeitung," a German paper (dem.), and the '* Illinois Re- 
publican" (whig). The village is one of the most flourish- 
ing of the interior. Pop. 2,941. 

Bellevillf-, p. v., Wayne co., Jfich. : 76 m. E. S. E. 
Lansing. 

Belleville, i. and p. v., Essex co., Ni Jer. : on W. side 
Passaic r., along which it extends :3 m., 57 m. N. E. Tren- 
ton. It ha? fine milling facilities and considerable manu- 
Cicturcs. Pop. 3,513. 
62 



Belleville, p. v., Jefierson co., J\' Y. : 1G8 m. W. N. W* 
Albany. It is situate on the Saekett's Harbor Branch R. R. 

BELLE^^LLE, p. o., Richland co., Ohio: on the S. side of 
Clear fork of Walhonding r., 50 m. N. by E. C'Olumbus, and 
on the line of the Columbus and Lake Erie R. R., 47 m. N. 
Newark. 

Belleville, p. v., Mifflin co., Penn,: 62 m. N. "W. HaT- 
risburg. 

Belleville, p. o., Roane co., Tetm.: 112 m. E. by S. 
Nashville. 

Belleville, p. v.. Wood co., Virg. : on E. side of Ohio r., 
12 m. S. Parkersburg, and 256 W. N. W. Richmond. 

Belleville Poet, p. v., Essex co., Mass. : 36 m. N. by E. 
Boston. 

Bellevl'e, p. v., Huron co., Gido: 80 m. N. by E. Co- 
lumbus. 

Bellevue, t. and p. v., Eatnn co., J^ck. : on Battle cr., 82 
m. W. S. W. Lansing. Pop. 769. 

Bellevue, p. v., Jackson co., la. : on W. bank of Missis- 
sippi r., 5S m. N. E. Iowa City. It is a place of considerable 
commercial activity. Pop. 865, 

Bellitaik Mills, p. o., Stafford co., Virg.: 53 m. N. 
Richmond. 

BELLiNGnAJi. t. and p. v., Norfolk co., Mass.: on Charles 
r., 32 m. S. W. Boston. Pop. 1,281. 

Bell Modnt, p. o., Somerset co., Md,: 76 m. S. E. An- 
napolis. 

Bellows' Falls, p. v., "Windham Co., Verm. : on the W. 
side of the Connecticut r., at the falls so called, 7S m. S. by 
E. Montpelier. There is a canal around the falls, which 
prolongs the navigation of the r. Much picturesque scenery 
surrounds the v. ; it is more celebrated, however, as a rail- 
road centre, than for any peculiar industry. 

Bell Plain, p. o., Marshall co.. III.: S6 m. N. by R 
Springfield. 

Bell Point, p. o., Giles co., Virg.: 1S2 m. W. by S, 
Richmond. 

Bellpoet, p. v.. Suffolk CO., K. T.: near Fire Place Bay, 
138 m. S. S. E. Albany. 

Bellsbfegh, p. v., Dickson co., Tenn.: on S. side of 
Harpeth r., a Iributarj' of Cumberland r., 25 m. W. Nash- 
ville. 

Bell's Cross Roads, p. o., Louisa co., Virg. : 42 m. N. 
W. Kichmond. 

Bell's Landing, p. o., Monroe co., Al<i.: on E. side of 
Alabama r., 76 m. S. W. Montgomery. 

Bell's Mines, p. o,, Crittenden eo., Ky. : 192 m. W. by S. 
Frankfort 

Bell's Store, p. o., Fairfield dist, S. Ca7\: 37 m. N. 
Columbia, 

Bell's Vallet, p. o., Rockbridge co., Virg. : 118 m. W. 
by N. Richmond. 

Bell Yale, p. o., Orange oo., K. K .' 85 m. S. by W. 
Albany. 

Bellville. p. v., Hamilton co., Flor.: 78 m. E. Talla- 
hassee. 

Beli.vtlle, p. v., and cap. Austin co,, Tea: : on Piney 
fork of Brazos r., 78 m. E. by S. Austin City. 

Belmont county, Ohio. Situate E. on the Ohio r.. and 
contains 536 sq. m. The interior is drained by Wheeling, 
M'Mahon's, and Captina creeks, and contains the sources 
of several of the tributaries of Muskingum r. Surlhce ele- 
vated, hilly, and broken, but soils good. Farms 2,552 ; 
manuf. 1S5; dwell. 5,823, and pop.— wh. 33,766, fi-. col. 834 
—total .54,600. Cajntal: St, Clairsville. Pvllic TT'orfoc 
Central Ohio R. R. 

Bkluont, p. 0., Sumter co., Ala. : 8 m. W. Tombigbce r., 
and 'jb W. by N. Montgomery. 

Beijiont, p. o.. Pike co.. Ill: 09 m. W. by S. Spring- 
field. 

Bklmont, p. o., Crawford co., Ark.: 123 m. W. N. W. 
Little Rock. 

Belmont, p. o., Gonzales co., Tkr. .■ 61 m. S. Austin City. 



BEL 



BEN 



Belmont, t. and p. v., Waldo co., Me, : 33 m. E. by N. 
Aogusla. 

Belmont, p. o., Panola co.. Miss.: on N. W, side of 
Tallahatchie r., 119 m. N. by E. Jackson. 

Belmont, p. o., Belmont co., OfUo: 103 m. E. Colum- 
bus. Pop. 105. 

Belmont, p. v., Newberry disL, 8- Car. : on N. E. aide 
of LiUIe r., 57 m. N. W. Columbia. 

Belmont, p. v., Fayette oo,, Tenn. : on a head cr. of 
Loosahatchie r., 143 m. W. S. W. Nashville. 

Belmont, p. o., Loudon co., Virg.: Ill hl N. Kich- 
inond. 

Beloit, t and p. v., Eock co.. Wise. : on both sides of 
Rook r., at the junction of Turtle cr., 42 m. S. by E. Mad- 
ison. It has eevcTal mills, machine-shops, and a prosper- 
ous college, and numbers about 3,00i) inhabitants. The 
"Beloit Journal" (whig) is issued weekly. A branch of 
the Galena and Chicago Union R. R. extends to Beloit. 
In the vicinity are many of those mounds which abound in 
the "West. Pop. 2,730. 

Belphe, t and p. v., Washington co., Ohio: on the Ohio 
r., opposite Parkersburg, 87 m. E. S. E. Columbus. The t. 
occupies a beautiful meadow, as its French name fmplies. 
Blennerhasset Island, the rendezvous of Aaron Burr and 
his co-patriots, Ues a HtUe below the v. Belpr^, from its 
position, will hereafter become an important railway centre 
— it is the pi^int at which the Cincinnati, Ilillsboro', and 
Parkersburg K. R. will meet with the North-western R. R., 
a branch of the Baltimore and Ohio R. R., by which a di- 
rect route from Cincinnati to Baltimore, 547 m. long, will be 
effected. Pop. ',023. 

Bkltsvtlle, p. v., Prinoo George's co., Jfd. : on Wash- 
ingt.in branch of Baltimore and Ohio R. R., 27 m. W. S. W. 
Baltimore, and IS W. by N. Annapolis. 

Belvidere, p. v., and cap. Boone co., TU. : on N. branch 
of Kiahwaukee r., and on the line of the Galena and Chica- 
go Union R. R.. 73 m. W. Chicago, and 193 m. N. N. E. 
Springtield. It is a flourishing town of some 2,000 inhab- 
itants. 

Beltidebe, t. and p. v., Laraoelle co., Verm. : on a 
branch of Lamoello r., at the W. base of the Green mta., 
33 m. N. MontiK-Iier. Fop 256. 

Eelttdere, p. v., and cap. Warren co., iV. Jer. : on the 
E. side of Delaware r., 45 m. N. N. W. Trenton, and on the 
Belvidere and Delaware R. R. It is destined to become an 
Important entrepfit of commerce between Philadelphia and 
N. W. New Jersey. Two newspapers, the '* Wairen Jour- 
nal" (deuL), and the " Warren Intelligencer" (whig), are 
issued weekly. 

Bem, p. 0., Greene co., Wise. : 26 m. 8. by W. Madison. 

Beman's Ceoss Roads, p. o., Sampson co., 2^. Cat: : 62 
m. S. E. Raleigh. 

Eemis Creek, p. o., Cambria co., Penn. : 103 m. W. Har- 
risburg. 

Bemus' Heights, p. v., Saratoga co., N". IT; on W. side 
of Hudson r., 22 m. N. Albany. Noted in history as the 
scene of warlike operations in the Revolutionary War. 

Benbbook's Mills, p. o., Izard co., Art. : 87 m.N. Little 
Rock. 

Bendeksvillk, p. v., Adams co., Penn. : 33 m. S. W. 
Harrisburg. 

Bendy's Lan-dino, p. 0., Tyler co., Tex. : 194 m. E. by S. 
Austin City. 

Beinedict, p. v., Charles co., 2fd. : on W. side Patuxeut 
r., 32 m. S. by W. Annapolis. 

Benela, p. o., Chickasaw co., Misa. : 133 m. N. E. Jack- 
son. 

Benevola, p. T., Washington co., Md. ; 46 m. N. W. 
Annapolis. 

Benevola, p. v., Pickens co., Ala.: IIT m. W. N. W. 
Montgomery. 

Benezette, p. o.j Elk co., Perm. : 128 m. W. N. W. Har- 
risborg. 



Bbntoed's Stoee, p. o., Somerset co., Pen/n-, : 123 m. W. 
by S. Harrisburg. 

Bengal, t. and p. v., Clinton co.,Mic?u : on Stony cr. of 
Grand r., IS m. N. W. Lansing. Pop. 14.?. 

Benoaden, p. o., Wakulla co., Flor. : 26 m. S. W. Talla* 
hassee. 

Benioia, p. v., and cap. Solano co., Calif. : on N. W. side 
of^uisun Bay, 4 m. E. Vallejo. 

Bennettsbueg, p. v., Tompkins co., K. Y. : 172 m. W. by 
8. Albany. 

Bennett's Coeners, p. o., Madison co., iV! Y. : 110 m. W. 
by N. Albany. 

Bennett's Coknees, p. o., Jackson co., Mich. : 35 m. 
S. W. Lansing. 

Bennett's Creek, p. o., Steuben co., N. Y. : 209 m. W. 
by S. Albany. 

Bennett's Febky, p. o., Jackson co., Temi. : 54 m. E. by 
N. Nashville. 

Bennett's Mills, p. o., Lewis co., Virg. : 137 m. N. W. 
Richmond. 

Bennett's River, p. v., Fulton co., Ark. : 113 m. N. Lit- 
UeRock. Pop. 161. 

Bennetrville, p. v., St. Clair co., Ahi. : 100 m, N. Mont- 
gomery. 

Bennettsvillk, p. v., Chenango co., K. Y.: 101 m. W. 
Albany. 

Bennfttsville, p. v., and cap. Marlborough dist., S. 
Oar. : 97 m. N. E. Columbia. 

BENNET^s\^LLE, p. V., Clark co., Ind-. : 91 m. S. by E. 
Indianapolis. 

Bennington county, Verm. Situate S. W. on the State 
line, and contains 612 sq. m. Drained in the W. by Ho.5sic 
r. and Batten KUI, in the E. by West and Deerfleld rivers. 
Surface traversed by mountains. Lead and iron abound, 
and also quarries of beautiful marble. Lands better adaptr- 
ed to grazing than tillage, although in the W. there are 
several fertile valleys. Farms 1,397; manuf. 147; dwell. 
3.404, and pop.— wh. lS,.'>r2, fr. col. 77— t^jtal 13,539. Cap. 
iUil : Manchester. PidjU^ Works : Western Vermont R. R. ; 
Bennington Branch R. R. ; and the Bennington and New 
York R^ R. 

BEN^^NGTON, p. v., Hillsborough co., K JIamp. : 23 m. 
S. W. Concord. 

Bennington, p. v., Marion co., la. : on N. side of Des 
Moines r., 8S m. W. by S. Iowa City. 

Bennington, t. and p. v., Wyoming co., y. Y. : on Cay- 
uga and Tonawanda creeks, 253 m. W. Albany. P. 2,406. 

Bbnnington, p. v., Shiawassee co., Mich. : on N. side 
of Looking-glass r., 23 m. N. E. Lansing. 

Bennington, t, and p. v., Morrow co.. Ohio : 83 m. N. by 
E. Columbus. Pop. 1,265. 

Bennington, p. v., Switzerhmd oo., Ind. : 90 m. S. E. 
Indianapolis. 

Bennington, t. and p. v., Bennington co.. Verm.: on a 
branch of Hoosic r., 93 m. S. by W. Montpelier. It hoa 
several mills, furnaces, and factories; and two newspapers, 
the '* State Banner" (whig), and the '* Vermont Gazette" 
(dera.), published weekly. A branch of the Western Ver- 
mont R. R. comes to the v- from N. Bennington. P. 3,923. 

Bennington Centre, p. o., Bennington co.. Verm.: 99 
m. S. by W. Montpelier. 

Benson, p. v.. Hamilton co., JV. Y. : on Sacandaga r., 52 
m. N. W. Albany. 

Benson, t. and p. v., Rutland co., Venn. : on Lak-^ 
Champlain, .M m. ^. W. Montpelier. Pop. 1,305. 

Benson's Landing, p. o., Rutland o)., Venn. : 56 m. 3. 
W. Montpelier. The lake is here about a mile wide. 

Bent Creek, p. o., Appomattox co., Vir. : 72 m. AV. by 
S. Richmond. 

Bentivoglio, p. o., Albemarle co., Virg, : 66 m. W. by 
N. Richmond. 

Bentlet's Cornkbs, p. o., Jefferson co., 2f. Y.: 142 m. 
N. W. Albany. 

63 



BEN 



BER 



Bentlet Creek, p. o., Bradford co., Penn. : 113 m. N. 
by E. Harrisburg. 

Bentleyville, p. v., "Washington co., P&nn. : 28S m. W. 
by S. llarrisburg. 

Benton county, Ala. Situate N. E., and contains 1,0S0 
Bq. m. Drained by the head waters of Tallapoosa r. and 
Beveral creeks of Coosa r. Surface generally elevated, level, 
or undulating. Well wooded on the streams; and soils 
highly fertile, producing wheat. Indian corn, and cotton. 
Gold is found within this county. Farms 1,227; niimuf. 
81 ; dwell. 2,188, and pop.— wh. 13,397, fr. col. 3, si. 8,703— 
total 17,163. Capital: Jacksonville. i 

Bexton county. Ark. Situate N. "W. comer, and con- 
tains 1,020 sq. m. Drained by the head streams of While 
and Illinois rivers, the latter a tribut.iry of Arkansas r. 
Surface hilly and broken. Soils indifferent. Farms 295; 
manuf. 5; dwell. 572, and pop.— wh. 3,506, fr. col. 1, si. 201 
— total 8,710. CapiUil: Bentonville. 

Benton county, Flor. Situate W. of E. Florida, on the 
g:ulf, being bounded E. by Wilhlacoochee r. Drained by a 
number of streams falling to The sea. Surface fiat. Soils 
adapted to rice, cotton, and sugar. Farms S2; dwell. 113, 
and pop.— wh. 604, fr. col. 0, si. 822— total 926. Cajyital : 
Melendez. 

Benton county, Jnd. Situate N. "W., and contains 360 sq. 
m. Big and Little Pine creeks, which fall into the Wabash 
and Sugar cr., a tributary of the Illinvys, drain the greater 
part of the county. Surface level or undulating, and mostly 
prairie. Wheat, Indian corn, and oats are the staple 
growths . Mt. Ncbo and Mt. Gilboa, are noted mounds in 
the N. part of the county. Farms 149; dwell. 160, and 
pop.— wh. 1,144, fr. col. — total 1,144. Capital: Ox- 
ford. 

Benton county, /a. Situate centrally, and contains 720 
aq. m. Drained by Cedar r. and its creeks. Surface level 
or undulating— prairie chiefly, and verj- productive. Farms 
67; dwell. 121, and pop.— wh. 672, fr. col. 0— total 672. 
Capital : Vinton. 

Benton county, 3fimi. Situate E. side of Mississippi, 
and contains about 3,000 sq. m. Drained by numerous 
tributaries of the Mississippi. Surface varied, and many 
lakes. Timber of all kinds plentiful. Farms 20 ; manuf. 
1 ; dwell. 71, and pop.— wh. 416, fr. col. 2~total 413. Cap- 
ital : Sauk Rapids. 

Benton county. Mo. Situate W. centrally, and contains 
5S0 sq. m. Drained by Osage r. and its tributaries. Sur- 
face rolling— in some parts hilly and well timbered ; prairie 
covers three-fourths of the whole. The soils are excced- 
mgly fertile, and produce abundantly wheat, Indian corn, 
and tobacco, witii some cotton. Farms 510; manuf 10; 
dwell. 7S9, and pop.— wh. 4,546, fr. col. 9, si. 460— total, 5,1 15. 
Capital: Warsaw. 

Benton county, Oreg. Situate W. between the Paoiflc 
Ocean and the Willamette r., and drained chiefly by Marj-'s 
r., and other tributaries of the Willamette. Mt, SncUing, near 
the centre of the co., is the loftiest eminence. Soils along 
the Willamette valley exceedingly fertile, and the water- 
power afforded by that stream of great value. Contains 
16,000 sq. m. Farms 110 ; manuf. 1 ; dwell. 149, and pop. 
— wh. SIO, fr. col. 4— total, S14. Capital: Marysville. 

Benton county, Te7m, Situate N. W., and contains 3S0 
sq. m. Drained by Big Sandy and other creeks of Tennes- 
eee r., which lies on the E. border. Surface level or undu- 
lating, and BoUs generally fertile, producing abundantly 
grain and tobacco. Farms 706"; manuf. 2 ; dwell. 9S4, and 
pop.— wh. 5,031, fr. col. 21, si. 363— total, 6,315. CapiUd : 
Camden. Fuhlic Works: several K. R's. are projected, 
centering at Camden; one from XashvUlc, one to lloliy 
Springs, and one westward, via Dresden, to the Mississippi. 

Benton, p. v., Lowndes co., Ala. : 23 m. S. W. Mont- 
gomery. 

Benton, p. v., and cap. Saline co., Ark. : on N. side of 
eoline r., '^4 m. S. W. LitUe Keck. 
64 



Benton, p. v., Elkhart co., Ind. : on N. E. Bide of Elk- 
hart r., 120 m. N. Indianapolis. 

Benton, p. v., and cap. Franklin co., III. : on E. side of 
Big Muddy r., 120 m. S. by E. Springfield. The "B. Stand 
ard" (whig) is issued weekly. 

Benton, p. v., and cap. Marshall co., Ky.: on N. E. side 
Clark's r., 212 m. W. by S. FrankforL * 

Benton, p. v., and cap. Yazoo co., J/^.s«. .- at the head of 
a cr. of Big Black r., 31 m. N. by W. Jackson. 

Benton, p. v., Washtenaw co., Mich. : 51 m. S. E. Lan- 
sing. 

Benton, p. v., and cap. Scott co.. Mo. ; 6 m. W of Missis 
sippi r., and 169 m. S. E. Jefferson City. 

Henton, t. and p. v., Grafron eo., N. Haipp. : 59 m. N. 
by W. Concord. The Boston, Concord, and Montreal P. R. 
crosses the t. 78 n*. from ('oncord. Pop. 478, 

Benton, t. and p. o., Yales co., ^'. 1'.; 103 m. W. Al- 
bany. The p. 0. is located at Bellona. Pop. 3.^56. 

Benton, p. v.. Holmes co., Ohio: 76 m. N. E. Ck)!umbu3. 

Benton, p. v., Columbia co., Penn. : 63 m. N. by E. Har- 
risliurg. 

Benton, p. v., and cap. Polk co., Tfun. : on the N. E. side 
of Tocco r., a little E. of its junction with the Iliwass.'e r., 
13S m. E. S. E. Nashville. 

Benton, p. v., Iowa co., Wise. : 37 m. W. Madison. 

Benton Centre, p. o., Yates co., JV' Y. : 194 m. W 
Albany. 

Benton Bidoe, p. o., Hancock co., Ohio: 70 m. N. W 
Columbus. 

Benton's Poet, p. o., Tan Buren co., la. : on the E. 
side Des Moines r., 66 m. S. by W. Iowa City. 

Bentonsville, p. v., Johnson co., 2^. Car. : 21 m. 8. E. 
Ealeigh. 

Bentontille, p. v., Fayette co., Ind. : 54 m. E. by 8. 
Indianapolis. 

Bentontille, p. v., Adams CO., Ohio.: 70 m. S, by W. 
Columbus. 

Bentontille, p. t., Coffee co., Ala. : 73 m. 8. Mont- 
gomery. 

Bentontille, p. t., Warren co., Virg.: 103 m. N. by 
W. Richmond. 

Bentonville, p. v., and cap. Benton co., vlH-. ; at the 
head of Sugar cr. of Neosho r., 156 m. N. W. Little Rock. 

Eenvenue, p. o., Dauphin co., Petifi. : 13 m. N. Ilarris- 
burg. 

Benzinger, L and p. c, Elk co., Pmn. : 123 m. N. W. 
Ilarrisburg. 

Berea, p. v., Cuyahoga co., Ohio: at the falls of E. 
branch of Rocky r., IIS m. N. E. Columbus. The Cleve- 
land, Columbus, and Cincinnati R. K. passes through the - 
village, 12 m. S. W. Cleveland. 

Bepea, p. v., Granville co., K Car. 

Bergen county. A''. Jer. Situate N. E. on Hudson r., and 
contains 356 sq. m. Drained by Hackensaok, Saddle, and 
Raniapo rivers: surface various. The Pali^'iaifes, facing 
the Hudson, are in Bergen county. Soils moderately fer- 
tile, producing grain and potatoes. Farms 1,128; manuf. 
71 ; dwell. 2,60G, and pop.— wh. 13,094, fr. col. 1,590, si. 41 
—t<ital, 14,725. Capital: Hackensack. Public Works sF^n- 
mapo and Paterson E. R. 

Bergen, t, p. t., and cap. Hudson co., A^. Jer. : on Ber 
gen Hill, 48 m. N. E. Trenton. The U was setded by the 
Danes as early as 1616. Po^). -',75S. 

Bergen, t. and p. v., Cenessee co.. A''. Y. : on Black cr., 
217 m. W. Albany. The Buffalo and Rochester R. R. passes 
through the place. 

Bergen Iron Works, p. c, Ocean co., A'". Jer. 

Bergen Point, p. v., Hudson co., K Jer. : the S. extrem- 
ity of the CO., between Newark Bay and tlie Kills. 

Bergeb's Stork, p. o., Pittsylvania co., Virg.: 133 m. 
W. S. W. Richmond. 

Berguoltz, p. o., Niagara co.. A*". Y. : 256 m. W. Albany 

BsBKELEY county, Virg. Situate N. E. on Potomac r., 



BER 



BET 



and conUiins 890 s<\. m. Drained by Back cr. and other 
streams. Surlaco uneven Rn<i broken, and soil stubborn. 
Wheat, corn, and oats are the slaple products. Farms 070 ; 
manuf. 81 ; dwell. 1.(568, and pop.— wh. l»,566, (t. col. '^9, 
fli. 1,95G— total, ll.TTl. Capital: Martinsburgh, Public 
WorA-s : Baltimore and Ohio K. K. 

BEnKLEY, t. and p. v.. Bristol co., Mass. : on Taunton r., 
49 m. 8. W. Boston. Bop. 90s. 

Berkley, p. v., Madison co., AUx. : 169 m. N. Mont- 
gomery. 

Berkley, p. v., Washita co., At'k, : 73 m. S. by E. Little 
Rock. 

Berkblet Springs, p. v., and cap. Morgan co., Virg. 

Beeks county, Penn. Situate S. E., and contains 1,020 
sq. m. Drained by tributaries of Schuylkill r., which passes 
throufrh it. Surface diversified ; mountains in N. W., and 
the soils generally fertile ; coal and iron abundant. Agri- 
cultural staples, wheat, corn, and rjo. Farms 4,7S0 ; 
manuf. 1,280; dwell. 1-2,931, and pop.— wh. 76,576, fr. col. 
55a— total, 77,129. CupiUil : Beading. Puhlic Works : 
Philadelphia and Beading R. R. ; Schuylkill Navigation ; 
and Union Canal. 

BERKsniBE county, Mass. Situate W. on State line, and 
contains 1,400 sq. m. Drained by Ilousatonic and Hoosic 
rivers. Surface broken, being traversed by Green mts. : 
soils moderately fertile, and capable of cultivation to the 
hill tops. Farms 2,897 ; manuf. 3S7 ; dwell. 8.638, and pop. 
— wh. 4S,832, fr. col. 1.259— toUil, 49,591. Capital : Lenox. 
Ptihlii' Worku: Ilousatonic R. R.; Western R. R.; Bitts- 
fleld and North Adams R. R.; Troy and Boston R. R., etc. 

Berkshire, p. v., Kane Co., III.: 163 ra. N. E. Spring- 
field. 

Bereshire, p. v., Tioga co., K Y.: 143 m. W. N. W. 
Albany. 

BERKSiratE, t. and p. v., Delaware co., Ohio: 23 m. N. by 
E. Columbus. Bop. 1,.^55. 

Berksirre, p. v., Gwinnett co., Ga.: 70 m. N. W. 
Milledgcvdle. 

Berksuire, t. and p. v., Franklin co., VerTn. : on Missis- 
que r., 48 m. N. Montpelier. Pop. 1,955. 

Berkshire Valley, p. v., Morris co., K. Jer. : on Rock- 
away r., 61 ni. N. Trenton. 

Berlin-, p. v., Sumter co., Ala. : 128 ni. W. Montgomery. 

Berlin, p. v., Clinton co., /;k/. .- 40 m. N. W. Indianapolis. 

Berlin, t. and p. v., Hartford fo., Conn.: 12 m. S. W. 
Hartfonl. The New Haven, Hartford, and Springfield R. R. 
passes through the t., 25 in. N. New Haven. Pop. 1,8C8. 

Bfrlin. t. and p. v., Marquette co., Wise. : on Fox r., 73 
m. N. N. E. Madison. Vo\>. 1,052. 

Berlin, p. v., Sangamon co., lU. : on the Sangamon and 
Morgan R. R., 16 m. W. Springfield. 

Berlin, p. v., Worcester co., Md. : near the head of Trap 
cr.. 73 m. S. E. Annapolis. 

Berlin, t. and p. v.. Worcester co., Mass. : on a branch 
of Assabet r., 32 m. W. by N. Boston. Pop. S6fi. 

Berlin, p. v., Coos co.. A''. I/amp. : on a branch of Am- 
monoosuc r., 84 m. N. Concord. The Atlantic and St. Law- 
rence R. R. passes througli the town, 97 m. N. W. Portland. 

Berlin, t. and p. v., Rensselaer co,, A"". Y. : on Little 
Hoosic r., 22 m. E. Albany. P.>i). 205. 

Berlin, t. and p. v., Holmes co., Ohio: 74 m. N. E. 
Columbus. Pop. 1.459. 

JJeri.in, p. v., Somerset co,, Penn.: 117 m. W. S. W. 
Harrisburg. Pop, 065. 

Berlin, p. v., Marshall co,, Te7m. : about 3 m, S. Duck r.. 
and 42 S. Nashville, 

Berlin, p. v., Southampton co., VirQ. : 51 m. S. by E. 
Richmond. 

Berlin, t. and p. v., Washington co., Vt^ivn.: on Onion 
r., 4 m. S. by W. Montpelier. The Vermont Central R. R. 
traverses the t. above and below Montpelier. Pop, l.,507, 

Beklin Centbk, p. v., Mahoning co., Ohio : 129 m. N. E, 
Columbus. 

5 



Beulin Cross Road3, p. o., Jackson co., Ohio: 65 m. 
S. S. E. Columbus. 

Berlin Falls, p. o., Coos co., IT. ITamp.: on Andros- 
coggin r., 87 m. N. by E. Concord. 

Beelinville, p. v., Erie co., Ohi4> : 97 m. N. N. E, 
Columbus. 

Bermuiuan, p. v., Adams co., Peiwi. : 21 m. S. by W. 
Harrisburg. 

Bernadotte, p. v., Fulton co., /?/. .• on Spoon r., 57 ni 
N. W. Harrisburg. 

Bernalillo county, K. Mex. Situate centrally on the 
Rio Grande, by the tributaries of which it is drained. Farms 
164 ; dwel!. 1,684, and pop.— wh. 7,749, fr. col. 2— total, 7,751. 
Capitul : Bernalillo. 

Bernardstown, t. and p. v., Franklin co., Mass. : on W. 
side of Connecticut r., 76 m. W. by N. Boston. The Brat- 
tleborou'gh Branch of Vermont and Massachusetts R. R., 
and the Connecticut River R. R. form a junction in this 
locality. Pop. 937. 

Berne, t. and p. v., Albany co., N. Y. : 17 m. W. Alba- 
ny, on Fox's cr. of Schoharie cr. Pop. 3,441. 

Berne, p. v., Moiu-oe co., Ohio: lUS m. E. by S. Colum- 
bus. 

Bei:niiard'9 Bay, p. V,, Oswcgo CO., N. Y. : 41 m. W. N. W. 
Alliiiny. Pop. 3,441. 

Berntille, p. v., Berks co,, Penn.: on W. side Schuyl- 
kill r.. 51 ni. E. by N. Harrisburg. 

Berrien county, Mich. Situate S. W. corner, .ind con- 
tains 576 sq. m. Drained by Pawpaw, St. Joseph, and Ga- 
lien rivers. Surface various: the valleys have a rich loamy 
soil, and timber gnnvs heavily. Farms 690; manuf. 64; 
dwell. 2.126. and pop.— wh. 11.178, fr. col. 23S»— total, 11,417. 
i'apital: Berrien Sjiring. Puhlic Work^: Centr;d Michi- 
gan R. R. 

Berrien Springs, p. v., and cap. Berrien co., Mich. 

Berry, p. o., Dane co., TI7.sc. 

Bi^RRYSBDRG, p. V., Dauplijn c-o., Penn.: 31 m. N. Har- 
risburg. 

Berry's Ferry, p. o., Livingston co., Kij.: on Ohio r., 
opposite Golconda, 209 m. W, by S. Frankfort. 

Berry's Lick, p. o., Butler co., Ky. : 132 m. S. W, Frank- 
forL 

Bebby'b Mill, p. o.. Union co., Ky. : 172 m. W. by S, 
Frankfort. 

Bereysville, p. v., Knox co. Ind.: 97 m. S. W. Indiau- 
apolis. 

Berryton, p. v., Cass co., III.: on a cr. of Sangamon r., 
29 m. N. W. Springfield. 

Berryvillr, p. v., and cap. Clarke co., Virg. : 111 in. N. 
by W, Richmond. 

Ber-siieha, p. v., Henry co., Ga. : 66 m. W. by N. Mil- 
ledgoville. 

Bertie county. N. Car. Situate N. E. on Albemarle 
Sound, and contains 680 sq. m. Drained by tributaries of 
Chowan and Roanoke rivers, the latter of which bounds it S. 
Surface low and marshy, and the soils productive of Indian 
corn and cotton. The pineries are v.iluuble for naval stores. 
Farms 542; manu^ 5U ; dwell. 1,070, and pop.— wh. 5,344, 
fr. rol. 313. si. 7.194— toUil, 12,851. Capiful : Windsor. 

Rertrand, t. and p. v., Berrien co., Mic/i. : on SL Joseph 
r., 98 in. S. AV. Lansing. 

Berwick, p. v., Warren co., 7?/.; on W. fork of Spoon 
r., S3 m. N. W. Springfield. 

liKRftiCK, p. v., Seneca co., Ohio : S3 m. N. by W. 
Columbus. 

Berwick, p. v., Columbia co., P&nn.: on Susquehanna 
r., 63 m. N. by E. Harrisburg. Pop, 4S6. 

Berzei.ia, p. v., Cobiml>ia co., Ga. : on the line of the 
Georgia R. R., 21 m. W. Augusta, and OS m. E. by N. 
Milledgeville. 

Bi?>TLAND, p. o., Essex CO., Virg.: 51 ni. N. E. Rich- 
mond. 

Bethany, t and p. t., New Haven co., Conn. : on W. 

65 



BET 



BIG 



Pop. 



Birte of Connectieut r., 27 m. S. S. W. Htirtford 

914 

BrrnA^Y, p. v., Panda CO., Tar..- 292 m. N. E. Amtm 

^B^,iNT, t.and p. T., Genesee oo., K. Y.: on LHtle 
Tonawanda and Black creeks, 229 ". W. Albany The 
Buffalo and New York Cily K. R. passes through. P^,004. 
BETBANif, p. v., BuUer co., Ohw.: S9 m. "ft. S. W. Co- 
lumbus. K».™ 

BFrnANT, p. v., and cap. Wayne co., Pmn. : on Dyberry 
or., 123 m. N. E. Ilarrisburg. 
i^iANV, p. v., Brooke co., nrg. : 252 m. N. W. E.ch- 

"betoany, p. v., and cap. Harrison co.. Mo. : on Big cr. 
of the W. fork of Grand r., 153 m. N. W. Jefferson C.ty. 
B^niNY CnuncB, p. o., Iredell co.. A'. Car.: 11. m. W. 

^ BcthIsia, p. v., Stokes co., Jf. a,r. : 100 m. ^S'. by N. 

Bethania, t., Lancaster co, I'enn, : 4S m. E. by 8 
Harrislmrg. Has a prinlinj and book-bin<ling establish- 
ment -ind other manufactures, and about 4" dwellings. 

Bbthel, p. v., Fairfield Co., Cmmi. : B3 m. S. W. Hart- 
ford, and on the Danbury and Non\-alk P.. E., 19 m. N. 
Norwalk. , ., , 

Bethel, p. v., OI>-nn CO., Ga. : near the mouth of AJala- 
maha r., 163 m. S. E. Milledgeville. 

Bethei, p. v., Morgnii co., TU. : on the line of the Sanga- 
mon and Morgan P.. B., 45 m. W. Springfield. 

Bethel, p. v., Bath co.. Ay.: C9 m. E. Frankfort 

Bethel, t and p. v., Oxford co.. Me. ; on the Androscoj- 
gin r., « m. W. Augusta, and on the Atlantic and St. 
Lawrence B. E., TO m. from Portland. Pop. 2,253. 

Bethel, p. v., Shelby Co., Mo.: 93 m. N. Jefferson 

Bctiiel, p. v., Warae co., Ind.: 69 m. E. Indianapolis. 

Behiel, t. and p. v., Sullivan CO., y. Y. : on branches 
of Delaware r„ 113 m, S. W. Albany. Pop, 2,08T. 

Bcthel, p. v., Clermont Co., Ohic: 86 m. 8. W. Indian- 
apolis. „ „ 

Bethel, p. v., Berks eo., Pmn. : 61 m. E. Hamsbnrg. 

Bcthel, p. v., York dist,, & Cur.: 79 m. N. Columbia. 

Bethel, t. and p. v., Windsor Co., Ymn. : on White r., 
29 m S by W. Monlpclier. The t. contains a valuable 
soapstone quam-. The Vermont Central E. E. passc-s 
through the t., 39 m. from Windsor. Pop. 1,730. 

Bctiiei , p. v., Mercer co., Tirg. : 20S m. W. Eiehmond. 

Eethesda, p. v., Williamson CO., Tenn. : 24 m. S. >ash- 

'^Bethlehem, t. and p. v., Litchfield co.. Conn. : 31 m. W. 
Hartford. Pop. 815. 
Bethlehej., p. v., Sumter dist., S. Car.: 41 m. E. Co- 

"BmLEHEM, p. v., Clarke co., Ii>d.: 87 m. S. S. E. In- 
dianapolis. ,r TT . 

BETHLEimM, t and p. v., Grafton Co.. K ITamp.: on 
Ammonoosttc r., 72 m. N. by W. Concord. Pop. 952. 

Bethlehem, p. v., GUmer CO., Yirg. : 213 m. W. N. W. 
Eiehmond. __ 

Betulehem, t, and p. v., Hunterdon co., A. Jer. . 37 m. 
N. liv W. Trenton. Pop. 2,746. 

BWULEHEM, p. v.. MarshaU co., il/?M. : 168 m. N. Jackson. 

BCTiiLEHEM, t. and p. v., Albany co., 7f. Y.: on ^or- 
manskill, etc, 5 m. 9. Albany. Pop. 4,102. 

BETHLEHEM, p. V., Columbus CO., Ala.: 63 m. E. by N. 

Bethlehem, t. and p. v„ Northampton co„ Fenn on 
Lehigh r., at the mouth of Manokicy cr., S3 m. i.. by n. 
HarrTsburg. Settled by the Moravians in 1741, and still one 
of tlieir princip.il localities. Pop. 1,616. 

Bethlehfjj Cestee, p. v., Albany co., JV. Y. 

BKTimosT, p. v., Orange CO., N. Car.: 43 m. N. W. 
Kaleigh. 



BETreviLLE, p. v., Seneca co., Ohio: on a br.inch of 
Sandusky r., 85 m. N. by W. Cfllumbiis. ^ ^ , . , 

Beclah, p. 0., Johnson Co., K Car. : 28 m. E. Ealelgh. 

Bevans, p. v., Sussex CO., A'. Jer. : 89 m. N. Trenton. 

Beveely, p. v., Adams Co., III. : 73 m. W. SpringHeld. 

Beteklv, p. v., Burlington CO., A'. Jer. 

Be\-eely, t., p. v., and sea-port, Essex CO., Mam. : 16 m. 
N by E. Boston. It lies on the N. side of the bay, oppo- 
site Salem, with which it is connected by a bridge, 1,500 
feet long, over which the Eastern E. K. passes. A railroad 
also extends hence to Gloucester. Shipping owned in the 
district 3,173 touF all in the coasting trade. rop^6,3,l,. 

BEVEELY, p. v., Anson CO., A-. Cm-.: on Big Brown cr. 
of Yadkin r., 87 m. N. E. Ealeigh. „ ■ ,„ ^ 

Beverly, p. v., Washington CO., Ohw: on N. side of 
Muskingum r., 78 m. E. S. E. Columbus. 

Beve'ely, p. v., and cap. Eandolph co., T.rg.: on the 
E. fork of MoHongaliela r., 165 m. W. N. W. Eiehmond. 
Betoelv Farms, p. o., Essex co., ila^s. : 18 m. N by E. 

Betis' Taterx, p. o., Hamilton co., Ohio: 106 m. S. W. 
Columbus. ^ .,„ __ 

BEWLEYvnLLE, p. V., Breckenridge CO., Ky. : 112 m. W. 
by S. Frankfort. . 

Bexae county, Tot. Situate W., and contains abont 
120,000 sq. m. It extends from 28° to 36° 80', and embraces 
aU the country from the organized counties to the Pecos r. 
All the great interior rivers of Texas have tbeu- sources 
within its territory. Surface in the S. part, undulating or 
roiling prairie, interspersed with oak-openings and groves. 
On the N. ranges of hills rtin E and W., fonning a water- 
shed between the streams of the E. and S. W. Lime and 
sandstone abundant, and Uiere are several mineral spnngs. 
Soil a dark, sandy, calcareous loam, rich and productive. 
The' southern part is only occupied. Fanns 117 ; manui: 
13; dwell. 1,204, and pop.-wh. 5,635, fr. col. 28, si. 889- 
total, 6,053. CapiUd : San Antonio. „ ^ „ , 

' Bexae, p. v., Marion co., Ala.: 150 m. N. W. Mont- 
gomery. , . . r,,. 
Bibb county, Akl. Simate centrally, and contains 8M 
sq. m. Drained by tributaries of Catawba r., which trav- 
erses the county centrally. Surface moderately undulating, 
and the soils, especially on the rivers, fertile. Products va 
rious, Indian com and cotton being the principal. Farms 
654- manuf.l3; dweU. 1,153, aittt pop.-wh. 7,097, Sr. col. 
11 si 2 S61— total 9,969. Capital: Ceutreville. 

Bibb county, Ga. Situate centrally, and contains 432 sq. 
m. Drained by Ockmulgee r. and its tributaries. Surface 
uneven. Soils generally sandy, but near the strean« high y 
fertile, producing flue cotton. Farms 80S ; manuf 82 ; 
dwell. i;284, and pop.-wh. 7,009, fr. col. 53, si. 5,63,-tolal, 
10 C99 CapiUil : Macon. I'uWic Work^ : Central Georgia 
p''b • Macon and Western E. E. : and South-western E. E. 
Bicklev-s MiLi^, p. o., Eussell CO., Virg. : 26. m. W . by 

S. Eiehmond. „ . . , a .• 

B.EOEFoEn, p. v.. York eo„ Me. : on S. side of Saeo r., at 
its m.iuUi, 67 m. S. W. Aupista. The " Mercantile Adver- 
tiser" (whig), is issued weekly. The Portland, Saeo and 
Pcrumoulh H. E. passc's through the t., 36 m. from Port* 
month and 15 from Portland. Pop. 6.09o. 

BmwELL's Babe. p. o., Butte co.. Cat,/.: on middle 
fork of Featlier r.. 113 m. N. by E. Vallejo. 

Bienville parish, /.«. Situate N. W. of W. *»'•. """v^^g 
Lake Bistcneau for its W. border, and contains 1,080 sq. m. 
Drained by Grand Bayou and tlie creeks Black Lake, va- 
line, and others, tributaries of Eel r. Surface, a pialeaa 
somewhat elevated: soils f.-rtile. prwlucing excellent cot- 
ton, Fanns 271 : manuf, 2; dwell, 671. and pop^wh. 
8,623, fr. col. 21, si. l,S95-t«tal, 6,539. Capital: Mount 
Lebanon. 
Bio Bab, p. o.. Trinity CO., Calif. 
Big Babbes, p. o., Claiborne CO., Tmn. : on N. side of 
Clinch r., 176 m. E. Nashville. 



BIG 



BIN 



Bio Beaver, p. o., Oakland co., Mi^ch. : 59 m. E. Lan- 
sing;. 

Big Bend, p.* o., Gilmore co., Yirg. : 230 m. W. N. W. 
Richmond. 

Big Bend, p. o., Venango co., Perm. : l.'JT m. W. N. W. 
Harrisburt:. 

Big Bend, p. o., Waukesha co., Wise. : r>3 m. W. 
Madison. 

Big Bend, p. o., Avoyelles par., La. : 78 m. N. "W. 
Baton Rouge. 

Big Bend, p. o., Whitesidcs co.. III. : on a penin.sula of 
Kock r., 139 m. N. Sprin^'fleld. 

Big Brook, p. o., Oneida co., N'. Y. : 97 m. W. by N. 
Albany. 

BiGBT FoEK, p. o., Monroe co., Mi^s. : 129 m. N. E. 
Jackson. 

BiQBYviLLE, p. v., Mflury CO., Temi. : on a cr. of Duck 
r, 47 m. S. by W. Nashville. 

Big Cane, p. o., St. Landry par.. La. : 5S m. W. Baton 
Eouge. 

Bio Cedae, p. o., Jackson co., Mo. : 123 m. "\V. by N. 
Jctferson City. 

Big Cliftt, p. o., Hardin co., Kf/. : 07 m. W. by S. 
"^ rank fort. 

Bio Creek, p. o., Philips co., Ark. : S2 m. E. S. E. Little 
Koek. 

Bio Creek, p. o., Fort Bend, Tco?. .• IM m. E. by S. 
Austin Cily. 

Big Creek, p. o., Forsyth co., Ga. : S3 m. N. W. Mil- 
led geviUe. 

Bio Creek, p. c, Eapides par., La. : 107 m. N. W. Baton 
Eouge. 

Big Creek, p. o., Johnson co., Mo. : S3 ra. W. Jefferson 
Cily. 

Big Creek, p. o., Stokes co., A^. Car. : 102 m. "W. by N. 
Ealeigh. 

Big Creek, p. o., Yallabusha co., Mm. : 107 m. N. by 
E. Jackson. 

Big Creek, p. o., Shelby co., Tenii. : on a cr. so called, 
15S m. W. by S. Nashville. 

Bio Creek, p. o., Edgefield dist, S. Car.: 53 ra. W. 
Columbia. 

Bigelow's Mills, p. o., La Porte co., Ind. : 131 m. N. W. 
Indianapolis. 

Bio Falls, p. o., Orange co., Al Car.: 31 m. W. by N. 
Ealfigh. 

Big Flatto, t. and p. o., Chemung co., A'l T. : on Che- 
mung r., 193 m. W. S. W. Albany. The N. Y. and Erie 
E. R. passes through the L, 293 m. from New York City, and 
176 m. from Dunkirk; also the navigable fee<ler of the 
Chemung Canal. Pop. 1,709- 

Bio Foot Prairie, p. o., Walworth co., lT7«c 

Eio Glades, p. c, Kussell co., Virg.: 287 m. W. by S. 
Richmond. 

Bio Hill, p. o., Madison co., Ky. : 51 m. S. E. Frank- 
fort. 

Big lIoLLO-w, p. o., Greene co., K. T. : 39 m. S. W. 
All>any. 

Big Island, t and p. v., Marion co., Ohio. : 4S m. N. by 
W. Columbus. Pop. 604. 

Big Island, p. o., Bedford co., Virg., 113 m. W. by S. 
Richmond. 

Big Laurel, p. o., Yancey co., 2T. Car. : on a cr. so call- 
ed, 219 m. W. Ealeigh. 

Big Lick, p. o., Eoanoke co., Virg. : 136 m. W. by S. 
Richmond. 

Big Meadow, p. o., Grayson co., Virg. : 217 m. W. S. W. 
Eichmond. 

Big Mills, p. o.. Dorchester co., Md. : on Chicamaco- 
mico er.. 69 m. S. E. Annapolis. 

Big Neck, p. o., Adams co.. III. : S9 m. W. Springfield. 

Bio Oak, p. o., Kemper co., Miss.: 102 m. E. N. E 
Jackson. 



Bio Plain, p. o., Madison co., Ofiio: 26 m. S. VS. 
Columbus. 

Big Pond, p. o., Fayette co., Ala. : 133 m. N. W. Mont^ 
gomery. 

Big PnArRiE, p. o., Wayne co., Ohio: 47 m. N. E. 
Columbus. 

Big Keady, p. o., Edmondson co., K>/. : lOS ni. S. W. 
Frankfurt- 

BiG River Mills, p. o., St. FrauQois co.. Mo.: 9S m. 
E. S. E. Jefferson City. 

Bio Rock, p. o., Kane co., lU. : on a cr. so called, a trili- 
utary of Rock r., 208 ra. N. E. Springfield. 

Bio Sandy river: rises in the Alleghany Mountains, near 
the iioad waters of the Tennessee and Cumlwrland rivers, 
and falls into the Ohio between Virginia and Kentucky, 
being the boundary between these States for nearly 2U(| m. 
It is navigable to the Wasciolo Mountains. The E. and W. 
branches join about 40 m. above its entrance to the Ohio. 

Big Skin Cbeek, p. o., Lewis co., Virg.: 1S7 m. W. N. 
W. Richmond. 

Bio Spring, p. o., Marshall co., Ala. : 143 m. N. Mont- 
gomery. 

Big Spring, p. o., Pocahontas co., Virg. : 147 m. W. by 
N. Eichmond. 

Bio Spring, p. o., Breckenridge co., K^t/. : 85 m. W. S. W. 
Franklin. 

Big Spring, p. o., Cumberland co., Petm. : 42 m. N. E. 
Harrisburg. 

Big Spring, p. o., Montgomery co.. Mo.: 47 m. N. E, 
JeflTcrson City. 

Bio Spring, p. o., Ottawa co., Mich.: 57 m. W. by N. 
Lansing. 

Big Spring, p. o., Wilson co., Temi. : 29 m. E. Nashville, 

Big Spring, p. o., Shelby co., lU.: G7 m.S.E. Spring- 
field. 

Big Springs, p. o., La Porte co., Ind. : 12S m. N. W. 
Indianapolis. 

Bio Stream Point, p. o., Yates co., X. T.: 1S7 ra. W. 
Albany. 

Big Swamp, p. o., Columbus co., A^. Car. : 117 m. S. B. 
Raleigh. 

Big Tree Corneks, p. o., Erie co., A". Y. : 249 m. W. 
Albany. 

Big Woods, p. o., Calcasieu par.. La. : 130 m. W. Baton 
Rouge. 

Big Woods, p. o., Dn Page co., III. : 193 m. N. E. 
Springfield. 

Billeeica, t. and p. v., Middlesex co., J/o-!?. ; on Con- 
cord and Shaweheen r., IS m. N. W. Boston. The Middle- 
sex Canal and Lowell and Boston K. R. pxss thmugii tiie E. 
part of the town. lis manufactures are large, and its 
facilities for increasing them immense. Pop. l.r.^'fi. 

Billing's Grove, p. o., Livingston co., III. : 87 ra. N. E. 
Springfield. 

Bn.LiNGsviLLE, p. V., UnioH CO., Ind. : G^^ m. E. Indian- 
apolis. 

BiLoxi, p. v., Harrison co., il/w. ; on Point Caddo, of 
Biloxi Bay, 149 m. S. by E. Jackson. The "Sea-shoro 
Sentinel" is issued weekly. 

BiLoxi, p. v., Newton co., Te<r. : 232 m. E. Austin City. 

BiNGiLui, t. and p. o., Somerset co.. Me.: on E. side of 
Kennebec r., 42 m. N. Augusta. Pop. 752. 

Bingham, t. and p. v., Potter co., Pemi. : 169 m. N. W. 
Harrist^^^g. 

BiNOHAMPTON, p. v., LcG CO., III.: 182 m. N. by E. 
Springfield. 

BiNGiiAMPTON, p. v., and cap. Broome co., A' Y. : at the 
junction of the Chenango and Susquehanna r. It is one 
of the most important inland villages of the State. The 
New York and Erie E. R. passes through it. 225 m. from 
New York City, and it is the S. terminus of the Chenango 
Canal. Railroads will also be built from thij point to 
Albany, Utica, and Syracuse. Four papers arc published 

67 



BIN 



BLA 



in the village — 1 daily and 3 weekly. The v. is handsomely 
laid out, and has several fine buildings and bridges. Its 
trade with the surrounding country is rer)' extensive, and 
is constantly increasing. 

Biskley'8 Bridge, p. c, Lancaster co., Perm. : 37 m. 
S. E. Harrisburg. 

EiEciiARDviLLE, p. V., Susquchauna co., Penn. : 134 m. 
N. E. Harrisburg. 

BiKCHEnsviLLE, p. v., Cleveland CO., K. Car. : 139 m. S. 
W. Ealeigh. 

BiBCii Pond, p. o., Crawford co., Mo, : 53 m. S. E. Jef- 
ferson City. 

Birch Kivbr, p. o., Nicholas co., r*r{/. : 1S5 m. W. by 
N. Kichmond. 

BiED, p. o., Hillsdalo co., Mich. : 67 m. S. Lansing. 

BiEDSALL, t. and p. o., Alleghany co., A' Y.: on Black 
or., 231 m. "VV. by S. Albany. Pop. 59". 

BiRDSBOROi'Gn, p. v., Berks co., Perm.: 62 m. E. by X. 
Harrisburgh. 

Bied's Kits, p. o., Guernsey co., Ohio: 83 m. E. N. E. 
Columbus. 

BiKDsviLLB, p. v., Burke co., Ga. : 81 m. E. Milledge- 
vUle, 

BiBMEiGnAii, p. v., Jackson co., Ala. : 162 m. N. Mont- 
gomery. 

Birmingham, p. v., Pontotoc co., Miss. : 153 m. N. N. E. 
Jackson. 

Birmingham, p. v., Schuyler Co., III. : on the "VV. side of 
Crooked cr. of lUinois r., 72 ro. N. W. Springfield. 

Birmingham, p. v., Van Burcn co., la. : 57 m. S. by W. 
Iowa City. 

BiBMiNGHAM, p. V., Oakland co., Midi. : 70 ra. E. by S. 
Lansing. It lies on the Detroit and Pontiac K. K.,1S m. 
from the former place. 

Birmingham, p. v., Erie co., Ohio: on W. side of Ver- 
million r., 96 m. N. Columbus. 

Birmingham, p. v., Huntingdon co., Penn. : on W. 
branch of Little Juniata r.. 96 m. N. W. by W. Harrisburg. 
Lead and iron abound in the vicinity. 

Bishop Hill, p. v., Henry co.. III.: 98 m. N. by W. 
Springfield. 

BisiiopviLLE, p. v., Sumter dist., .9. Car.: 63 ra. N. E.by 
E. Columbia. 

BissELL, p. o., Calhoun co.. III. : 70 m. W. 9. W. Spring- 
field. 

BissEL*s, p. o., Geauga co., Ohio: 133 m. N. E. Co- 
lumbus. 

BiviNGsviLLE. p. v., Spartanburg dist., S. Car.: 89 m. 
N. W. Columbia. 

Blackberry, p. o., Kane co., lU. : 201 m. N. E. Spring- 
field. 

Black Bird, p. o., Newcastle co., Del. : 15 m. N. Dover. 

Black Bbook, t. and p. o., Clinton co., A'. Y. : on Sarannc 
and Au Sable r., and Black Br., 125 m. N. Albany. P. 2,525. 

Black Creek, p. o., Scriven co., Ga.: Ill m. E. by S. 
Milledgeville. 

Black Creek, p. o., Luzerne co., Penn. : 93 m. N. E. 
Harrisburg. 

Black Creek, p. o., Sullivan co., Ind. : on a cr. of 
"Wabash r., so called, 88 m. S. W. Indianapolis. 

Black Cbehk, p. o., Holmes co., Ohio : 68 m. N. E. 
Columbus. 

Black Creek, p. v., Alleghany co., A'. Y. : on a cr. so 
called, 229 m. W. by S. Albany. 

Black Creek, p. o., Wayne co., JP". Car. : 49 m. S. E. 
Kaleigh. 

Black Earth, p. o., Dane co., Wi8C. : on a river so 
cjilled, 13 m. W. Madison. 

Black Face, p. o., Nottoway co., Virg. : 47 m. S. W. 
Richmond. 

Blackford county, Lul. Situate N. E., and contains 169 
eq. m. Surface level, but in some parta gently undulating, 
and the soils are excellent for lorming purposes ; wutered 
68 



by the Salamonic and Lick rivers. Timber abundant 
Farms 306 ; manuf. 6 ; dwell. 514, and pop.— wh. 2.819, fr. 
col. 11— total. 2,860. CapiUil: Hartford. * 

Black Fork, p. o., Hancock co., Ky. : on a cr. so called, 
114 m. W. Frankfort. 

Black Hawk county, la. Situate N. E. centrally, and 
contains 756 sq. m. Drained by Cedar r. and its creeks. 
Surface undulating prairie, with some wood land. Farms 
9 ; manuf. 1 ; dwell. 26, and pop.— wh. 135. fr. ool. 0— total, 
IS^—Cajiital: Cedar Falls. 

Black Hawk, p. o., Carroll co., Miss. : on Abyaca cr. of 
Tazoo cr., 69 m. N. Jackson. 

Black Hawk, p. o., Beaver eo., Peiin.: 197 m. W. Har- 
risburg. 

Blackheth {formerhj Coal Mines), p. o., Chesterfield 
CO., Virg. : 12 m. W. Kichmond. 

Black Hill, p. o., Kaufman co., Tex. : 210 m. N. N. E. 
Austin City. 

Black Hole, p. o., Lycoming co., Penn. : 83 m. N. by 
"W. Harrisburg. 

Black Horse, p. o., Chester co., Penn. : 64 m. S. E. 
Harrisburg. 

Black Hor.se, p. o., Middlesex co., A'. Jer. : 27 m. 
E. N. E. Trenton. 

Black Jack, p. c, Fayette co., Tecr. : at the head waters 
of Navidad r., 62 ra. S. E. Austin City. 

Black Jack. p. o., Scott co., Ark. : 100 m. "W. Little 
Rock. 

Black Jack, p. o., De Soto par., Za. : 187 m. N. W. 
Baton Rouge. 

Black Jack Grove, p. o., Hopkins co., Tea; : 256 m. 
N. N. E. Austin City. 

Black Lake, p. o., St. Lawrence co., A^. T. : on a lake so 
called, 153 m. N. E. Albany. Black Lake is a fine sheet of 
water, lying nearly parallel with the St. Lawrence r. ; at its 
S. end it receives Indian r., and at its N. end empties into 
Oswcghatchie r., at the moulh of which is Ogdcnsburg, tbo 
W. terminus of the Northern K. E. 

Black Land, p. o., Tishemingo co., 3Iiss. : 193 m. N. E. 
Jackson. 

Black Lick, p. o., Indiana co., Perm. : 126 m. W. by N. 
Harrisburg. 

Black Mingo, p. o., Williamsburg dist, S. Car. : 77 m. 
E. S. E. Columbia. 

Black Oak. p. o., Charleston dist., S. Cjir. : on an islivnd 
so called of Santee r, 61 ra. E. S. E. C-olumbia. 

Black Oak GROfE, p. o., Hardeman co., Tenn. : 139 m. 
S. W. Nashville. 

Black Oak Pocrr, p. o.. Hickory co., Mo. : 68 m. S. W. 
Jefferson City. 

Black river, y. Y. : the third in size wholly within the 
State. It rises in Herkimer en., has a course of 108 m., and 
empties into Black-river Bay, at the foot of Lake Ontario. 
At Leyden it falls 63 fc-cl, whence to Carthago, 40 m., the r. 
is navigable tor boats, but below to its mouth navigation is 
obstructed by rapids. From the fall.^. at Leyden. the Black 
Eiver Canal extends S. to the Erie Canal at Rome. 

Black River, p. o., Jefferson co., Al Y.: 18S m. N. W. 
Albany. 

Black Eiter, t. and p. v., Lorain co., Ohio : on Black r. 
and Lake Eric, 108 m. N. N. E. Columbus, The v. has a 
good harbor and considerable trade. Pop. of t. 659- 

Black River Chapel, p. p., New Hanover co.. X. Car. : 
79 m. S. by E. Raleigh. 

Black Rives Faliji, p. o.. La Crosse co., Wise.: 118 m 
N. "NV. Madison. 

Black Rock, t. and p. o., Erie eo., A'^ Y. : on Lake Erie, 
23S m. W. Albany. The city of Buffalo is surrountled on 
three sides by the town. Several islands in the Niagara r. 
belong to Black Rock. Railroads extend hence to Ni.agara 
Falls and to Buffulo. Pop.. 7.508. 

Black Rock, p. o., Rappahannock oo., Virff. : 93 ra. 
N. N. W. Richmond. 



BLA 



BLI 



Blac-k^ and "Wjutes, p. 0., Nottoway, co., Viry.: 33 m. 
S. W. llitlimonii. 

Black's Bluff, p. v., Wiloox co., Ala. : on Alabama r., 
7o m. S. W, Jlont^omcry. 

Blacksuukgh, p. v., Mcmlftomcry co,, Vir^. : on a qt. of 
New r., 1T9 m. W. by S. Uicliinond. 

Blackpiiibes, p. o., Marion co., Virg : 207 ra. N. W. 
Eiehmond. 

Elackstooks, p. o., Chester diet., S. Car. : on Charleston 
and ?outli Carolina 11. 11., 41 m. N. by W. Cobimbia. 

Black's Store, p. o., Tippah co., Jfiss. : 171 ul N. by E. 
Jackson. 

Blackstone (or Pawtuekct) river : rises in Mass.. and 
disembog^tes into Providence r., where itfurnislies immense 
hydraulic power, and Inis been much used for manufactur- 
ing purposes. The Blaekstone Canal, from AVorcester to 
Providence, 45 m., follows llie valley of this r. : it was 
completed in lS-29, and cost about $700,000. 

Blackbtone, p. t., "Worcester co., J/aw. ; aS m. S. W. 
Boston. Pop. 4,42'2. 

Black Swamp, p. o., Sandusky co., Ohio: 92 m. N. by 
"W. Columbus. 

Blacksville, p. v., Monongalia co., Virg. : near Iho 
State line, 217 ra. N. ^,V. llichmond. 

Blacksvjlle, p. v.. Barnwell dist., S. Car.: on the line 
of the South Carolina K. R., 90 m. from Charleston, and 
49 m. S. S. W. Columbia. 

Black Wai^ut, p. o., Halifax co., Virff. : lOO m. S. "W. 
Richmond. 

Black "Waerior river, Alir. : is formed of two head 
branches. Locust fork, or E. Branch, and Mulberrj- r., which 
unite in S. W. part of Jackson co. Below the junction the 
r. has a general S. and S. W. direction, SO m. to the Tom- 
bigbce r., which it meets in the S. of Greene co. Steam- 
boats navigate to Tuscaloosa ; arid for boats there is sufli- 
cient water much farther. The wliole length of the r. is 
about IGO m. 

Blaci; Water, p. c, Sussex co., Virff. : 67 m. S. S. E. 
Richmond. 
Black "WATEr.. p. o., Sussex co., Del. : 51 m. S. Dover. 
Black Water, p. o., Kemper co., Jim. : 104 m. E. N. E. 
Jackson. « 

Black "Water, p. o., Morgan eo., Ay- •* 9S m. E. by S. 
Frankfort. 

Blackwell's Island : in East r., between New York 
and Long leland. The City Penitentiary, Lunatic Asjium, 
etc., are located on the island. 

Black Wolf, p. o., Winnebago co., Wise: on Winne- 
bago Lake, 73 m. N. N. E. Madison. 

Blackwood Towx, p. v., Camden co., iV. Jer. : 37 m. 
S. Trenton. 

Bladen county, Nl Car. Situate S. E. on Cape Fear r., 
and contains 1,080 sq. m. Surface low and ewampy. In- 
dian corn, rice, cotton, and tar arc produced. Farms 4S6 ; 
manuf. Gl ; dwell. 1,005, and pop.— wli. 5,055, fr. col. S54, 
kI. 4,358— total, 9,767. Capital: Elizabeth. 

Bladensburg, p. v., Prince George's co., Md.: on the 
Washington Branch R. R., 7 m. from Washington, 83 from 
Baltimore, and 22 m. W. Annapolis. 

Bladensburg, p. o., Knox co., Ohio: 43 m. N. N, E. 
Columbus. 

Bladok Springs, p. o., Choctaw oo., AUt. : 131 m. W. by 
by S. Montgomery. 
Blain, p. o.. Perry co., Penn. : 21 m. W. ITarrisbnrg. 
Blaine, p. v.. Lawrence co., A> ; on Blaine cr., 153 
m. E. Frankfort. 

Blain's Cross Roads, p. o., Grainger co., Term. : 4 m. 
N. HolsLcn r., and ISl m. E. Nashville. 

Blair county, Pe/m. Situate centrally, and contains C34 
Bq. m. Drained by head streams of Juniata r. Surface 
mountainous, diversified by extensive valleys: .soils ordina- 
rily fertile. Farms S2G ; manuf 130 ; dwell. 3,7IS. and pop. 
^wh. 21;517, fr. ^ol. 260— total, 21,777. Capit-al: Holli- 



daysburg. Puhlic Works : IVnnsvIvania Canal and 
R.K. 

Blair Furnace, p. o., Blair co., Penn: 87 ul W. by N. 
Harrisburg. 

Blaii:."s Ferky. p. o., Roano co., Tenn. : 108 m. E. by S. 
Nashville. 

Blaip^town, p. v., Warren co., N. Jer. : 61 m. N. by W. 
Trenton. Pop. of 1. 1,405. 

Bi.AiRSviLLF., p. v., and cap. Union co., Ga.: on Nolky 
er.. ns n\. N. N. W. Millcdgeville. 

Bl-uesville, p. v., Posey cm., Ind. : on Big cr. of Wabash 
r., 117 m. S. W. Indianapolis. 

Blairsville, p. v., Indiana co,, Penn.: on Kiskinimitas 
r., and on the line of I'ennsylvauia R. R.. 19S m. from 
Harrisburg. and 5S from Pittsburg. Pop. 1,512. 

Blairsville, p. v.. York dist., X Cttr. : SS m. N. by E. 
Columbia. 

Blaseley, t. and p. v.. Lucerne co., Penn.: on Laek.a- 
wannock r., lOS m. N. E. Harrisburg. 

Blakely. p. v.. sea-port, and cap. Baldwin co., Ala. : on 
the E. side of Tensaw r., opposite Mobile. The harbor ad- 
mits vessels drawing 11 feet water, and is in many respetb 
superior to that of Mobile. 

Blakely, p. v., and cap. Early co., Ga.: 134 m. S. W. 
Milledgeville. 

Blakely, p. v., Slokes co., K. Car.: 109 m. W. by N. 
Raleigh. 

Blakksburg, p. v., Wapello co., la. : 62 m. S. W. Iow.a 
City. 

Blanc, p. o., Lucas co., Ohio: 122 m. N. N. W. Co- 
lumbus. 

Bl-vnche, p. o., Lafayette co., Jfo. : 93 m. W. by N. 
Jefferson City. 

Blancuard, t. and p. v., Piscataquis eo.. Me.: on Pis- 
cataquis r., 57 m. N. Augusta. Pop. 192. 

Bu,nciiard Bridge, p. v., Hancock co., Ohio: on Blan- 
ehar'l cr., 87 m. N. by W. Columbus. 

Blancuestei:, p. v., Clinton co., Ohio: on Cincinnati 
and llillsliorough R. R., 39 ra. from Cincinnati and 66 m. 
S. W. Columbus. 

Blandf.nsville, p. v., M'Donough co.. III. : on Decker's 
cr., S3 ra. N. W. Springfield. 

Blandville. I), v., and cap. Ballard eo.. Ay. ; on N. side 
of Mayfirlds r., 243 m. W. Frankfort. 

Blanford. t. and p. v., Hampden co., Jlass. : on branch- 
es of Weslficld r., 96 m. W. by S. Boston. Pop. 1,41S. 

Blanket Hill, p. o., Armstrong co., Penn.: 123 m. W. 
Harrisburg. 

Blaltkltville. p. v., Rockland co.. A'! i'.: on the line 
of the New York and Erie R. li., 4 m. W. Piermonl and 
106 m. S. Albany. 

Blawenburuu, p. v., Somerset co., J\r. Jer.: 16 m. 
N. N. E. Trenton. 

Blf.cker, t. and p. o., Fulton co., A' }' ; on Garoga er. 
and Stony er. of Sacoudaga r., 46 ni. N. W. Albauy. Ga- 
roga and Fish lakes are in this town. Pop. 511. 

Bledsoe county, 7'enn. Situate S. E. centrally, and con- 
tains 520 sq. m. Drained by Soqftatchy r.. its creeks, the 
head water.>* of Coney fork of Cumberland r., and of Eme- 
ry's r. of the Clinch. Considerable hills bound the valley 
of Sequatchy r., which runs through the county in a N. and 
S. direction. The grains, tjibacci, and cottoji are produced. 
Farms 325; manuf. 2; dwell. S54, an<l pop.— wh. 5,042, fr. 
col. 90, »\. S27— total, 5,959. CapiUd: Pikeville. 

Bledsoe's Landing, p. o., Crittenden co., Ark.: 131 m. 
E. N. E. Little Rock. 

Blendon, 1. and p. v., Franklin co., Ohio: on Alum and 
Big Walnut cr., upper branches of Scioto r., 10 m. N. by E. 
Columbus. Pup. 1.323. 

Blenheim, t. and p. v., Schoharie co., A^. Y. : on Scho- 
harie r., 35 m. 8. W. Albany. Pop. 1,314. 

Blink Bonny, p. o., St. Lawrence co, X Y.: 13S m. 
N. E. All)any. 

69 



13L1 



BLO 



: 62 m. E. Jeffer- 



Blish'8 Mills, p. o., Franklin Co., Mo. 

"^BLil^s^iELD, t and p. v., Lenawee eo., Mich.: on Kabin 
r and on the line of tl.c Erie and KaIama2.)o 1.. E., .. m. 
from Toledo, and 74 m.S.E. Lansing. Pop. 924. 
BussviLLk p. v., MarehaU eo., Ind.: 106 m. N. Ind,an- 

""bLv.llb, p. v., Jefferson oo. III.: lOS m. S. by E. 

'Sf MrL.^, p. 0., M'Uenry eo., III.: 197 m. N. E. 

'Ct'L^B, p. 0., Scoa CO., nrg.: 257 m. W. by S. 

Richmond. , -, . „ a c tt 

Block leL.vsD Ues in the Atlanfe Oeean 14 m. S. S W. 
Judith Point It eonetitutes the t of New Shoreham, 
Newport eo„ B. /., and is 8 m. long and from 2 to 4 broad. 
?he'ur^ee'l, nnevon and occasionally elevate and U, 
80il3 sandy and gravelly loam moderately fertile. There 
are several ponds on the island. Formerly U was noted 
Jorirflne cattle and dairies, but at the present tm>e it .s 
chiefly occupied by fishermen. . qo<! m W S 

Blockyillz, p. v., Chautauqne eo., JiT. 1. . 3SS m. w. ». 

VoonoL MtLt., p. o., Cortland eo., iV: T.: 119 m. W. 

"on-s P0I1.T, p. 0., De Kalb eo., lU. ; 242 m. N. by E. 

'CCr™, P.O., Bedford eo., Penn.: on Eaystown 
rr 87 m. W. S. "W. Uarrisbnrg. 

BLOo" p. o., cook CO., lU, : 251 m. N. E. Springfield. 

Iloom, p. o., EusU CO., M.: 33 m. E. by S. Indtan- 

'"'b'^oomp..lo, t. and p. v., Hartford CO., C<ymu: on Wood 
r - m. N. W. Hartford. Pop. 1,421. 

BiooMFir-LU, p. v., and cap. Greene co., I>ul. : on the E. 
sid^of th W.'fork ;r White'r., 05 m. S. W. In.Manapohs 
" BLOOMrtxLn, p. v.,Edgar eo., lU. .•152 -;1^. Spnn.^held^ 

BLOO^TtBLi-, p v., Kemper CO., Mm.: 98 m. L. N. E. 

'trMrtELO, p. v., and cap. Davi« CO., /...• 7S n>. 
^•^^r::^:;':^-" CO., irV..B3m.B.W. Frank. 

"^LOOMFiELD, t. and p. 0., somerset co.. Me. : on the Ken- 
„M,n,-r 29 m. N. Augusta. Pop. 1,301. 
"TL^oM't-n p. v.,°and cap. Stoddart CO., Mo.: 102 m. 
S. E. Jefferson City. ,o ™ w p 

TrroT^^Th'eVt C-'o^Te m^st flourishing of the 

Too!rJ,u?nf p. v., Morrow co„ OMo : 51 m. N. by 

"B?rr.,'"''andTv., Crawford co.,Pe„..: 197 m. 

^l^r~V., London CO., Rr^:onOoosecr., 102 

"BTooLT;Lo"p:v.,Essexeo.,ren».-o„W.sidocf 
Conre«eut riand d^^inod by branches of Nulhegan r., 
63 m. N. E. Monlpdier. Pop. 244 ■„ c -p 

"^BL^LtKLO, t. and p. v., Walworth eo. ir«c. : m S. E. 
comer of co., 67 m. S. E. Madison. Pop. 879 
BLooMi>-GBU,.Gn, p. v., SuUivan co., N.I.: S2 m. 9. 8. W. 

"'MiNGBtTaon, p. v., Fayette co., OMo: on a branch 

of Paint cr., 31 m. S. S. W. Columbus . „„ „ jj j; 

BLOOM.NGDALE, p. V., Passa.c CO., N. Je,: . 63 m. IN. L. 

'^Co"M„ot,AL., p. v., Cabel CO., Tir,. : 254 m. W. by N. 

'"Ct GnxLB, p. v., Bu Page eo., M.: 247 m. N. E. 

XS^L..^ p. v., Jefferson co., OUo: 102 m. E. by 
N Columbus. 
70 



Bloomiko Geove, p. o., Franklin CO., Ind. : 62 m. E. by 
S. Indianapolis. . 

Blooming Gbovi:, t. and p. o.. Orange eo .^. 5.. on 
Murderer's er., SG m. S. Albany. l«"c;''''^8 f^",f ^".J': 
traverses the N. W. pari of the t, and on the b. L. is the 
Scunneeunk rat. Pop. 2,1S4. 

BL00.MLXG Geoto, p. o., Montgomery CO., Tenn.. on a 
cr. so called, 49 ni. W. by N. Nashville. , . -p .^ 

BLOoMiNosrouT, p. o., liandolph CO., Ifd.: M m. E. by 

N. IndianapolU. „ , -nr-,, .!••!„, 

Bloomington, t. and p. v., Winnebago co., TTisc. . 63 m. 

S.E.Madison. Pop. 909. 

BLOOMiNOTO., p. v., and e^p. Monroe eo., Jni.: on the 
line of the New Albany and Salem Extension E. I..,lUCnL 
from New Albany, and 40 m. S. W. Indianapolis. The 
Indiana University is located here; and the newspapers 
published in the v. are the " Reporter" and the '■ Herald," 
weeklv.an.l the "Cliristian Record," monthly. 

Bloomingtok, p. v., Clinton co., Ohu,: 57 m. b. W. 

Columbus. r ;;.«•! m 

Bloomingtos, p. v., and cap. M'Lean co., /«.. 83 m. 

N E. Sprinafleld. The Illinois Central U. E., and he 

Chicago and^Mississippi E. E. intersect here. Pop. 1,5J4 

BLOoMiscTos, p. v., Morgan co.. Ay. : 102 m. E. 

^ Blo^i'ngtok, p. v., and cap. Macon co Mo : on middle 
fork of Chariton r., and on the line of the Hannibal and 
Missouri E. E., SO m. N. Jefferson City. The " Bloominglon 
Gazette" is published weekly. Pop^l94. 
Bloomington. p. v., Tipton co., r*.™, : 161 m. W. S. tt . 

^Blo'oIg Y.LIXV, P.O., Crawford co., P«m.: 197 m. 
^i;^"::::!:"Sp.o.,Erieco.,0.<.:97m.N.byE. 

Columbus. -rr- „ . ™ « If aide 

Blooa.8bup.gh, p. v., Halifax eo., Virg.: on S. E. side 
oftlieDanr.,117m.S.W.Eichmond. „ . „„ 

° kooMSBUBGH, p. V., and cap. Columbia co-.J--- ■ "^ 
the E. or main branch of Susquehanna r., 69 m. N by K 
Harrlsbarg. It is a thriving village on the North Branch 
CaTaran^d publishes two newspapers, the "Columbia 
Democrat," and the " Star of the North." Pop. 1,51d. 

Bloom*»"EV, p. v., Warren eo., J^. Jer. : on Musconecong 
or 32 m. N. bv W. Trenton. ^ „ a 

BLOo"ViLLE, p. v., Delaware eo., A'. Y. : on the W. side 
of me W branch of Delaware r., 57 m. S. W. Albany 

BLOOMViLL., P.V., Will eo., m. : on Eockcr., of Kankakee 

-£t:::^v^i^;^t1:"caco.,...:73m.K.Co,uin. 

'"'*■ . Twicrn <-o Penn. : 100 m. N. by W. 

HSX^^m^in^f^oat^f^eellentquality.aboun^ 
"einity, and great facilities have been arranged for 
its transport to market by railroad and canal. 

Blossom Hill, p. o., Caddo pansb, i«.. 23o m. N. TV. 
Baton Eouge. si„nto N centrally, and contains 

oJr^^r-;;;d'^-Lor:..dMn,berr^orksofB.ck 
Wnrrior r. Surface various-in the S. rnll.ng and iinevcn 
n^id "i the N. somewhat hilly: soils of average fertiWy. 
^' oa, Indian com. and cotton ,.e the staple gn.wtta. 
Farms T63: manuf. 9; dwell. 1,127, and pop.- h. 0,941, fV. 
c^Ts^C-total. 7,807. Ov*'^- BlouuLsvillc. 

kti^T e^ilv, Te„n. Situate E. on the Sl.ate line, and 
eonurslT™. n. Drained by tributaries of Tennessee r. 
whi^ 1 cs on Oie W. border. Surlace uneven-broken and 
hin on he E.. and the soils generally fertile. Iron i, ound 
hills on me • grains, with some tobacco 

E. S. E. Ealeigh. » 



BLO 



Boa 



Blount's Ferey, p. o., Columbia co., Fhr. : 63 m. E. 
Tallahassfe,. ' 

Blount'3 Speing, p. o., Blount co., Ala. : 119 m. N. 
Montgomery. 

Blouxtstown, p. v., Carihouu co., Flor. : 66 m. S. "W. 
Talkihassee. 

Bloitntstille, p. v., and cap. Blount oo., Ala. : on a 
cr. of Mulberry fort of Black Warrior r., 117 m. N. Mont- 
gomery. 

Blofntsville, p. v., Henry co., Ind. : 52 m. E. by N. 
In-lianapnlis. 
Blountsville, p. v., and cap. Sullivan co., Ten?}. 
Blue Ball, p. o., Cecil co., Md. : 54 m. N. E. Annapolis. 
Blue Ball, p. c, Butler co., Ofi^io: 93 m. S. W. Colum- 
bus. 

Blue Ball, p. o., Lancaster co., Penn.: 42 ra. S. E. 
Ilarrisbnrp:. 

Blue Bell, p. o., Montgomery co., Peivi. : 91 m. E. 
Harrisburg. 

Blub Creek, p. o., Adams co., Ohio: on a tr. so called 
of Ohio r., SS m. S. S. W. Columbus. 

Blue Creek, p. o., Habersham co., Ga.: 119 m, N. E. 
Milledgeville. 

Bllt: Ceeek, p. c, Pike co., Ala. : 3" m. S. Mont- 
gomery. 

Blue Creek, p. o., Franklin co., Ind. : C4 m. E. S. E. 
Indianapolis. 

Blue Eye, p. o., Benlon co., AUi. : 96 m. N. N. E. 
Montgomery. 
Blue Grass, p. o., Scott co., la.: 49 ra. E. Iowa City. 
Blue Grass, p. o., Fulton co., Ind.: 87 m. N. Indian- 
apolis. 

Blue Hill, t. and p. o., Hancock co., Jfe.: on a bay 
formed between the mainland and Mt. Desert Island, 29 m. 
?. E. Augusta. From a hill near the t. a most splendid 
view of the surrounding scenerj" is presented. Pop. 1,91^9. 

Blue Hill, p. o., Williamson co., Ter. : 31 m. X. Au.stin 
City. 

Blue House, p. o., Colleton dist., S. Car. : 76 m. S. by W. 
Cohimbia. 

Blue Lick, p. o., Franklin co., Ala.: 163 m. N. W. 
Montgomery. 

Blue Lick, p. o., Clark co., Ind. : 91 m. S. S. E. 
Inhanapolis. 

Blue Lick SpRrNGS. p. o., Nicholas co., Xt/. : on S. side 
of Licking r., 61 m. E. Frankfort. 

Ulue Mounp, t. and p. o., Dane co., Wise. : 21 m. W. S.W. 
Madison. Pop. 315. 
Blue Mouktain, p. o., Northumberland co., Penn. 
Blue Plum, p. o., Washington co., Tenn.: 193 m. E. 
Nashville. 

Blue's Pocjt, p. o., Crittenden co., Ark. : 120 m. E. N. E. 
Little Bock. 

Blue Pont>, p. o., Cherokee co., Ala.: 139 m. N. E. 
Montgomery. 

Blue IIipge, or South Mountain : the eastern ridge of 
the AUeghany Mountains, which branches off from the 
main range in North Carolina, and crosses the States of Vir- 
ginia, Maryland, etc., and extends to the highlands of the 
Hudson r. The Peaks of Otter, in Virginia, the highest 
part nf the ridge, have an elevation of nearly 4,0(i0 feet; 
and there axe other peaks of not much less an altitude. 

Blue Bidge, p. o., Botetourtco., Virg.: 116 m. W. Rich- 
mond. 

Blue Bidge, p. o., Tancey co., .V. Car.: 193 m. W. 
Ealeigh. 

Blur Eidge, p. o.. Gilmer co., Ga.: 151 m. N. W. Mil- 
ledgeville. 

Blue BinoE, p. o., Shelby co.. Ind.: 29 ni. S. E. Indrrm- 
apolis. 
Bluk I:ivfp„ p. o., [nwu rn.. WUr. : ii\ m. W. Madison. 
Bt.i-K I'.orK. t. ati I p. .».. Muskitieuin co., Ohio • '^n 
Muskingum r., 50 in. K. Columbus. Pop. 1,476. 



Blue Bock, p. o., Chester co., Penn.: 6S m. S. E. Har- 
risburg. 

Blue Spring, p. o., Morgan co., Ala. : 147 m. N. Mont- 
gomery. 

Blue Sprcs-g, p. o., Smytli co., Virg.: 21u m. W. S. W. 
Kichmond. 

Blue Spf.lng Grove, p. o.. Barren co., Ky.: S6 m. 
S. S. W. Frankfort, The Na.shviUe and Lexington E. li. 
will jjTobably pass near this place. 

Bl- E Springs, p. o., Jackson co.. Mo. : 116 m. W. Jeffer- 
son Citj. The Pacific 11. K. from SU Louis will probal'ly 
intersect this point. 

Blue Stone, p. o., Tazewell en., Virg. : 232 m. W. 
Eichraond. 

Blue Sulphur Springs, p. o., Greenbrier co., Virg. : 
ISO m. W. Eichmond. These springs are much frequented 
by invalids; they are situate in a mountain valley, and are 
surrounded by grand .ind picturesque s^'encry. 

Blue Wing, p. o., Granville co., A'. Car.: 71 m. N. by 
W. Ealeigh. 

Bluff, p. o., Mercer co., PI. : 105 m. N, W. Spring- 
field. 
Bluff, p. o., Sauk co., Wise. : 31 in. N. W. Madison. 
Bluit Dale, p. o., Greene co., PL: S7 m. W. S. W. 
Springfield. 

Bluff Dale, p. o., Des Moines co., la. : 52 m. S. by E. 
Iowa City. 

Bluff Point, p. o., Yates co., N. T. : 166 ra. W. 
Albany. 

Bluff Port, p. o., Sumpter co., Ala. : on the W. side of 
Tombigbee r.. opposite the mouth of Black Warrior r., 92 
m. W. Montgomery. 

Bluff Spring, p. o., Talladega co., Ala. : 74 m. N. 
Montgciiery. 

Bluff Spring, p. o., Talbot co., Ga.: S3 m. W. by S. 
Milledgeville. 

Bluff Spring, p. o., Attala co., ^^l■ss. : on E. side of Big 
Black r., 69 m. N. N. E. Jackson. 

Bluff Spring, p. o., Johnson co., Mo. : 94 m. W. Jeffer- 
son City. 

Bluff Springs, p. o., Gibson co., Ten7i. : 137 m. W. by S. 
Nashville. 

Bliffion, p. v., and cap. Wells co., Ind. : S2 m. N. E. 
Indianapolis. The " Kepubliean Bugle" and the " E. Ban- 
ner" are published weekly. Pop. 477. 

Bluffton, p. 0., Beaufort dist, S. Car. : 116 m. S. by W. 
Columbia. 

Bluffton, p. v., Marquette co., Wise: 3 m. N. Green 
Lake, and 58 m. N. by E. Madison. 

Bluffville, p. v., Carroll co., Ill: on the E. side of 
Mississippi r., 223 m. N. N. W. Springfield. 

Elytue, p. 0., Schuylkill co., Penn.: 34 m. N. E. Har- 
risburg. 

Blytueville, p. v., Jasper co., Mo. : 159 m. S. W. Jeffcc- 
son City, 

BoALsnuRG, p. v., Centre co., Penn. : on Spring cr., 69 
m. N. W. Ilarrisburg. 

BoARDMAN, p. v., Mahouing co., Ohio: 131 m. N. E. 
Columbus. 

Boardtree, p. o., Cherokee co., Gn. : lui} ra. N. W. 
Milledgeville. 

Boi'ENRAM, p. v., Giles CO., Tenn.: 62 m. S. by W. 
Nashville. 
Bo;tia. p. v., Mercer co., Ohio: 97 m. N. W. C-olumbus. 
Boii-FF Praiiuf, p. o.. Franklin par., La.: on W. side 
of Cyjiress Lake, 103 ni N W. Eaton Kouge. 

BoGANsviLi.F. i>. v., Uniuu disL, ,'?, Ca?\ : 69 m. N. by 
W. Columhia- 

BoGAr.P, p. o.. Daviess co., Ind.:^9 m. S W. Indian- 
apolis. 

Bo<;r,Y DnpnT. 1). o.. Chort.'iw N.ition. l^nd T^<- 

■R..r.i^ i*-- _ ,., ....,.« vv., ^nu.. lui. .. .^. X. W 

xl.^.oi.^tllOllS. 

TI 



BOl 



BOO 



Boiling Spring, p. o., Fentress co., Tmn. : on N. side 
of CIciir fork of ^'ew r., 61 m. E. Nashville. 

Boiling Springs, p. o., Benton co., Ala. : 110 m. N. by E. 
Montgomery. 

Boiling Springs, p. o., Cumberland co., Perm. : 22 m. 
W. Harrisburg. 

BoiLSTON, p. v., Ilonderson eo., K Car. : on a cr. of 
Frcneli Broad r. so called, 2'JS ra. W. S. W. Enleigh. 

Bois Blano Island: in Lake Huron, S. E. Mackinaw. 
II is 10 m. long and 3 m. wide in its greatest breadth. A 
lighthouse li;is been Erected on the E. point 

Boke's Ckeek, p. o., Union co., Ohio: 32 m. N. W. 
Columbus. 

BoLANi/s, p. 0., Itawamba co., Miss. : on W. side of LitUc 
Tombigbee r., 1G9 m. N. E. Jackson. 

Bolen'8 Mills, p. o., Vinton co., Ohio: 53 m. S. E. 
Columbus. 

BoLiGEE, p. o., Greene co., Ala.: 105 m. W. by N. 
Montgomery. 

BoLiNGTON, p. o., Loudon CO., Vinj. : 107 m. N. liich- 
mond. 

Bolivar county, Miss. Situate W. on Mississippi r., and 
contains 720 sq. m. Drained by Large and William's Bay- 
oux, tributaries of Sunflower r., and has several lakes. Sur- 
face mostly level or undulating, and occasionally swampy ; 
soils rich and productive. Indian corn and cotton are the 
principal staples. Farms 57 ; dwell, ^b, and pop.— wh. S95, 
fr. eol. 2, 3l. 2,1S0— total, 2,577. Cajyital: Bolivar. 

Bolivar, p. v., Jackson co., Ala.: on N. side of Big 
Raccoon cr, 3 m. distimt, ami 172 m. N. Montgomery. 

Bolivar, p. v., and cap. Poinsett co.. Ark. : lUS m. N. E. 
Little Eoek. Pop. 64.S. 

Bolivar, p. v., and caj). Boliver co., J^ltss. : on E. side 
of Mississippi r., lOS m. N. N. W. Jackson. 

BoLiVAn, p. v., and cap. Polk co,, Mo. : on a tributary 
of Sac r. of the Osage, 89 m. S. W. JeflTerson City. 

Bolivar, t and p. v., Alteghany co., K. Y. : on a tribu- 
tary of Oswaye cr., 223 m. W. by S. Albany. Pop 712. 

B'>LivAK, p. v., Tuscarawas co., Ohio: on W. side of 
Tuscarawas r. and on the Ohio Canal, 92 m. N. E. Columbus. 

Bolivar, p. v., and cap. Hardeman co., Tenn. : on S. W. 
side of Big Hatchec r., 143 m. W. S. W. Nashville. 

IJolstlr's Mills, p. o., Cumberland co.. Me.: 54 ra. 
S. W. Augusta. 

Bolton, t. and p. v., Tolland co., Conn. : on the line of 
the Providence, Hartford, and Fishkill li. li., 16 m. E. 
Hartford. Pop. CO". 

Bolton, p. v., 'Williamson co., JU,: 21S m. S. by E. 
Springfield. 

Bolton, t. and p. v., 'Worcester eo., Matm. : between 
Concord and Nashua r., 29 ra. "W. by N. Boston. P. ],2(!3. 

BoLTox, t. and p. v., 'W'arren co., X. Y. : on Lake George, 
57 m. N. Albany. Pop. 1.H7. 

Bolton, t. and p. v., Chittenden co.. V^rm.: on Onion 
r., in the valley of which the Vermont Central K. K. runs, 
17 m. X. W. Monlpelier. The N. part of the town lies on 
the Green nils. Pop. CO'-'. 

Bolton's I)ep6t, p. o., Hinds co., Misn.: on the line of 
Vieksburg, J.ickson, and Brandon li. U., 27 m. frora Vicks- 
burg, and 10 "W. Jackson. 

BoLToNviLLE, p. v., Cobb CO., 6'rt. : 103 m. N. "W. Mil- 
ledge ville. 

Bolt's Fort, p. o., Lawrence co., Ay. ; 114 m. E. Frank- 
fort. 

Bombay, t. and p. o., Franklin co., X. Y.: on St. Kegis, 
and llaeket r. and several tributaries of Salmon r., 126 m. 
N. N. "W. Alliany. Pop. 1,963. 

BoN AiR Spkincs, p. o., AVhite co., Tejvn.. : 87 m. E. by S. 
Nashville. 

Bonaparte, p. v., Du Page co., III.: 238 m. N. E. 
Springfield. 

Bonaparte, p. v., Van Buren co.. la. : ou the E. sido 
Des Moines r. 66 m. 8. Iowa City. 
72 



BoN AwA, p. o., Hickman co., Tenn.: 52 ra. S. W. 

Nashville. 

Bond county, HI. Situate 8. centrally, ami contains 360 
sq. m. Drained by E. and W. forks of Shoal cr., Beaver 
cr., and other streams, affluents of the Kaskaskia. Surface 
level or undulating, chiefly prairie, intermixed with limber ; 
soil exceedingly rich and productive. Farms 665: manuf. 
17 ; dwell. 1,07C, and pop.— wh. 6,136, fr. col. S— total, 6,144. 
Capital: Greenville. J'uhllc Worka: National Road. 

Bond's Village, p. v., Hampden co., Mass.: S3 m. 
Vf. by S. Boston. 

BoNDViLLE, p. o., Bennington co., Verm. : 76 m. S 
Monlpelier. 

Bone Creek, p. o., Ritchie co., llrg.: 2W m. "W. N. Vf. 
Richmond. 

Bone Yard, p. o., Tishemingo co., Miss. : 206 m. N. E. 
Jackson. 

BoKUAM, p. V , and cap. Fannin co., Tese. : on the 'W. side 
of Bois d'Arc r., 267 m. N. by E. Austin City. A news- 
paper, the " B. Advertiser," is published weekly. P. 24S. 

BoNiioMME, p. o., St. Louis CO., Mo.: 90 m. E. JeflTerson 
City. 

Bonn, p. v., Washington co., Ohio: on E. side of Duck 
cr. of Ohio r., 90 ra. E. by S. Columl)US. 

Bonnet Caki'.e i^j^quare Bonnet, so called from a remark- 
able bend on (he r.), p. v., and cap. St. John Baptist par., 
La. : on E. side Mississippi r., 37 m. S. S. E. Baton 
Rouge. 

Bonny Doon, p. o., Jefferson co., Ga. : 5S m. E. Mil- 
ledgeville. 

Bono, p. o., Lawrence co.. Ivd. : on the 3. of the E. fork 
of White r., 63 m. S. Indianapolis. 

Bun Pas, p. o., Richland co., III. : 165 m. S. S. E. Spring- 
fleld. 

Bonus Pkaikie, p. o., Boone eo.. III. : on the E. side of 
Piskashaw cr., 269 m. N. by E. Springfield. 

BooNE county, ///. Situate N. middle, and contains 433 
sq. m. Draintd by Rock r. and its tributaries. Surface level, 
with sorae wet prairies, and soils of exceeding richness; 
timber plentiful. Farms S97 ; manuf. 17 ; tlwell. 1,352, and 
pop.— wh. 7,621, fr. col. 5— total, 7,626. CapiUil : Belvi- 
dere. Ptihlie Worka: Galena and Chicago Union R. R., 
and branch to Beloit. 

Boone county, Ind. Situate N. "W. centrally, and con- 
tains 40S sq. m. The prevailing soil is a black loam sev- 
eral feet deep, resting on a substratum of clay, and in some 
places of sand and gravffl ; it is vcrj' fertile. No part of Ihe 
State is better timbered. The county is situated on Uie ridge 
or dividing swamps between White r. and the AVabash, and 
contains the sources of several fine streams, tributaries of 
these rivers. Farms 1.S9S; manuf. 28; dwell. 1,914, and 
pop.— wh. 11,611, fr. col. 20, total, 11,631. Capital: Leb- 
anon. Public TIbrXrjj.* Indianapolis and Lafayette R.R. 

Boone county, la. Situate centrally, and contains 576 
sq. m. Drained by Des Moines r. and tributaries. Surface 
level or un'lulating—prairie intermixed with woodland, and 
soils excellent. Dwell. 119, and pop.— wh. 735, fr. col. P — 
total 735. Capital : Booneville. 

Boone county, A'y- Situate N. on Ohio r., and contains 
312 sq. m. Drained by creeks flowing to the Ohio. Surface 
uneven, and eoits not unproduetive. Indian corn, wheat, 
and tobacco are the chief products. Fanns 9S2; manuf 16; 
dwell. 1,615, and pop.— wh. 9.044, fr. ool. 37, si. 2,104— total 
11,185. Capital : Burlington. 

Boone county. Mo. Situate centrally on Missouri r.. and 
contains 6S0 sq. m. Drained by Rock, F'^mme, Cedar, and 
other creeks. Surface chiefly level prairie intermixed with 
woodland, and the soils fertile. The chief products, besi<lcfl 
grain, are toliacco and hemp. Farms 1,376; manuf. 21 ; 
dwell. 1,924, and pop.— wh. 11,300, fr. col. 13, si. 8,6CC— total 
14,979. Capital: Columbia. 

Boone county, Virg. Situate Vt'., and contains 390 sq. 
m. Drained by the head waters of Little Coal or , a Iribu- 



BOO 



BOS 



lary of Great Kanawha r. Surface undulating, and soils 
ftTtilo. Coal is abundant. Farms 3G1 ; manuf. 3; dwell. 
49.'j, and p.ip.— wli. 3,(i54, fr. col. 0, si. 183— lolal S,'237. 
C'dpittU: Boone C. H. 

KooNE, p. v., Ashe oo., JT. Car. : 172 m. W. N. W. 
Kaleigh. 

Bookb's Mili£, p. o., Franklin co., Virff. : 136 ra. W. by 
S. }lk'hniond. 

IJooNB Vallkv, p. o., Letcher co., Ay. ■' 169 ra. E. byS. 
Frankfort. 

IJooNEViLLE, t. and p. v., Oneida co., y. V. : on Black r, 
m m. N. AV. Albany. The Bhiek Kiver Canal passes 
through the town N. and S. centrally. Pop. 3,306. 

Boont:ville, p. v., and cap. Boone co., la. : 9S m. W. 
N. W Iowa City. 

Boosfc:vii.i,E, p. v., and cap. Owsley co., A'lj. : T5 m. E. 
by S. FrankforU 

BooNEViLLE, p. v., and cap. Brazos co., Tttr. ; on ("artcrs 
cr. of Navasota r., 137 m. E. by N. Austin City. 

Boon Grove, p. o., Porter co., I?id.: 1*23 m. N. W. 
Indianapolis. 

BooNuiLT., p. o,, Johnson co., 2^. Car. : on a cr. of Nense 
r., 37 m. S. E. Kateigh. 

Boo.vsBoitoucn. p. v., Washington co., Jfd. : 73 ni. W. 
N. W. Annapolis. The " Odd Fellow," a weekly news- 
paper, is published here. 

BooNRBOROtTGn, p. V., Washington co., ArA: : 117 ni. 
N. W. Little Kock. 

Boon's Creek, p. c, Washington co., Tcim.: on a cr. so 
called of Watauga r., 247 m. E. Nashville. 

Boon's Hill, j>. o.. Lincoln co., Tenti.: 73 m. S. Nash- 
Yille. 

Boon's Lick, p. o., Howard co., 3fo. : 52 ni. N. W. 
Jefferson City. 
BooNTON, p. v.. Morris co., y. Jer. : 41 m. N. Tntilun. 
Boonton's Tan Yard, p. a, Madison co., Vi/y. ; 76 m. 
N. W. Kichraond. 

BooNviLLE, p. v., and cap. Scott co., Arh : on Petite 
Jean cr. 147 m. W. N. W. Little Eock. Pop. 725. 

BooNviLLE, p. v., and cap. Warrick co., Im/.: 12S m. 
S. S. W. Indianapolis. Pop. 2,270. 

BooNviLLE, p. v., and cap. Cooper co., Mo. : on S. side 
of Missouri r., 52 m. N. W. Jefferson City. It is a place of 
considerable J^usiness, and here are published weekly the 
" B. Weekly Democrat," and the " B. Observer" (dem. ) — the 
latter is also published semi-weekly. Numerous steamers 
make this a regular landing place. Pop. 1,657. 

BooTHiJAV, t. and p. v.. Lineoln co., 3fe : between Sheops- 
cot and Diiraariscolta r., with tlio ocean on the S. 37 m. 
S. by E. Augusta. It has a good harbor, and the inhab- 
itants are largely engaged in the fisheries. Pop. 2,o04. 

BooTiisviLLE, p. v., Marion co., Virg, : 1S7 m. N. W, 
Eichmond. 

Bordeaux, p. v., Abbeville dist., S. Car. : "S m. W. 
Ojlumbia. 

Bordentown, p. v.. Burlington co., ^ Jer.: on E. side 
of Delaware r., 8 m. S. by E. Trenton. The site is elevated 
some GO feet above the river, anil is remarkable for its 
beautiful scenery. Here Joseph Bonaparte resided while 
in America. The railroads connecting New York and 
Philadelpliia pass through the v.. and the Delaware and 
Raritan Canal basil3 W. outlet at this place. 

BoRDLEV, p. o.. Union co.. A'l/. ; 101 m. W. by S. Frank- 
fort, 

Borland, p. v., Newton c*K,Arl:: on Buffalo fork of 
White r., 104 m. N. N. W. T/ittle Kock. 

Borodino, p. o. (lormerly Moreauville), p. v., Avoy- 
elles par., La. : S3 m. N. W. Baton Kouge. 

Borodino, p. o., Wayne co., Midi.: 82 m. E. S. E. 
Lansing. 

Borodino, p. v., Onondaga co., K Y.: on Skaneateles 
lake. 127 m. W. by N. Albany. 
Boscawen, t. and p. v., Merrimac co., K IFamp. : on W. 



side of Merrimac r. and Northern i;. li., Ui ml X. C<»neord. 
Black Water r. pa.sscs thnnigli the t., iiud alVonls fine mill 
sites, pop. 2.063. 

Bosserman's Milt.3, p. v., Ptrry co., Venn.: 20 m. W. 
Harrisburg. 

Bossier county. La. Situate N. W. botWLcn Ued r. and 
Bayou Dorcheat, and eontmiis I.OIG sq. ni. Dminod by 
Bayou and Lake Bodeau, and streams tributary to ibe bor- 
der rivers. Surface low and marshy ; soils rich, producing 
corn, cotton, and sugar. Farms 333 ; dwell. 47s, and pop. 
— wh. 2,507, fr, col. 0, si. 4,455— total C,903. Capital : Belle- 
view. The '* great raft'' of Red r. Hes within this county. 

BossiEi; Point, p. o., Bossier par., La.: 177 m. N. W. 
Baton Kouge. 

Bostick's Mills, p. o., Richmond co., N. Car. : 123 m. 
S. W. by W. Raleigh. 
Boston, p. v., Wayne co.. Inch: 63 m. E. Indian:lplpIi^. 
BosTO.v (formerly Kautatincul-nk), p. v., Nortliamiilon 
CO., I'env.: S' m. E. by N. Harrisburg. 

Boston, p. v., Yolo co., Calif. : on W. side of Saiira 

niento r.. at the mouth of American r., 6(1 m. N. E. Vallejo. 

Boston, p. o., Nelson co., Ky.: 47 ra. S. W. Frankfort. 

Boston, t and p. v., Ionia co., Mich. : on S. side of 

Grand r., 39 m. W. by N. Lansing. Pop. 424 

Boston, p. o., Erie co., K. Y.: 247 ra. W. Albany. 
Boston. U and p. v., Summit co., Ohio ; on Cuyahoga r. 
of Lake Erie, and on the line of the Oliio Canal, 122 ra. 
N. N. E. Columbus. TJie v. is a busy place and has oon- 
siderable trade. Pop. 1,180- 

Boston, p. city, sea-port, and cap. Suffolk co.. an-I capital 
of the State of Massachuseita : at the head of .Massaehusetts 
Bay, near the confluence of Charles and Mystic rivers. 
Thesi' streams are navigable only for a Jew miles, but 
uniting with Neponset and Weymouth rivers, form one of 
the imblest harbors of the world— land-locked, aceessible to 
ships of the line, eiisily defended, and rarely obslrui-ted by 
ice. It exti'iKls 14 m. from Point Alderton to M.dfi.rd ; 
and from Clielse;i to llingham is at least S m. wide, eover- 
ing 75 sq. m., and wouhl hold all the shipping of the Union. 
The entrance for large vessels is very narrow, barely suffi- 
cient for two l<_i sail abreast. It is defemled by three 
fiirlresses, two of which, on George's and t'aslle islands, 
are on the largest scale, and constructed with all the im- 
provements of modern science. The third, or Citadel, on 
Governor's island, is not yet completed. These will etfi-cl- 
ually eommaud the entrance, and, wlieii finished, make it 
impr'^gnable. The harbor is well adapted to eoniniurcc. 
The jieninsula and island of Bosti)n is literally fringed with 
wharves and docks, while around the harbor and 'Ma attlu- 
ents are clustered many cities and villages, inlo Mliich 
Boston overflows, all of whicli have piers and landing- 
places, viz.: llingham, Hull, Quincy, Milton. Dorchester, 
lioxbury, Brookline, Brighton, Newton. Watertown, Cam- 
bridge, Charlestown, Chelsea. Maiden, Medf T'I, and Som- 
erville. Lat. 42° 21' 23" N., and long. 71° 04' 09" \V.~AZ-i 
m. N. E. Washington City. 

The early settlers chose f'jr tlu'ir residence, in 1630, a 
jicninsula. connected with the main by a narrow islhnms, 
occasionally overflowed, and divided at high tide inlo two 
islands. The entire tract contained COO acres. It was 
called Shawnmt or Trimoimfain, and derived its name fn»m 
its sjtrings and three lofly hills. The spot was un<loubterlly 
selected for pure water, facilities for commerce, find security 
from wolves and Indians. Boston soon became an import- 
ant sea-port, i\n*\ nt an early period became distinguished 
for her enlerpriiie and rommereo, and was p<'culinrly nuted 
for her ship-building and fisheries. In 1740 the pop. was 
17,00^. For more than half a century from this period the 
growth ofthi' city was checked by wars and the restrictive 
policy of England, and hence in 1790 the city contained 
only 1S.03S inliabitant.s. Before the Revohilion she was Iho 
first cnmniTi-ial city on the coast : }\ov reputati'm was 
identified with the country, and the colonists were generally 

73 



BOS 



BOS 



known as Bostouians among the French and Canailians. 
But during that eventful struggle her citizens were com- 
pelled to abandon their firesides, and their commerce was 
literally ruined. Ker sacrifice for the common cause was 
severe, and her recover}* slow. Now York and Philadel- 
phia consequently outstripped her. Bnt since 1790 the city 
biLS advanced rapidly. She embarked largely in the trade 
to India and China; in voyages to Ihe North-west Coast, 
and in the fisheries, carrying trade, ete. ; and opened an ex- 
tensive business with Eussia, the Mediterranean, South 
America, Liverpool, and the British Colonies. AVhen com- 
merce was paralyzed by the embargo and war of 1S12, she 
commenced manufactures, which have since expanded 
mto every variety of form. More recently her citizens have 
taken a deep interest in railroads, and opened to the city an 
interior to which nature gave her no access. 

A peninsula, less than one mile square, was soon found 
Indufticient for Boston, and the State annexed to her Dor- 
chester Point, a peninsula of 600 acres. To this, now called 
South Boston, she is united by four bridges. At a later 
pcrio<l ferries were established to Noddles Island (GGO acres), 
nnd this now formsa ward of the city. Some hundred acres 
have also been reclaimed from the sea; ijut these narrow 
liniiLs, about 3 sq. m. in extent, proved inadequate, and 
li.nve long been exceeded, and the population outside the 
chartered limits of Boston already equals the population 
willim. As a metropolitan district, Boston, indeed, may be 
said to extend a circuit of nine miles round the Exchange, 
within which limits the population in ISSO was 2G9,S74. 

The population of Boston proper, at successive decennial 
perin(is, has been as follows : in 171^0, it was 1S,0SS ; in ISOO, 
24,y37 ; in 1810, 33,250 ; in 1S20, 43,293; in 1S30, 61,391 ; in 
1S40, 93,3S3 ; and in 1S50, 1S8,7SS. 

As Boston grew in population and manufactures, the 
natural spring, which gave it the Indian nameof Shawmut, 
gradually failed ; and the water deteriorated, and tlie citi- 
zens were obliged to deepen the ancient wells from year to 
year. It was at length necessary to resort to a foreign sup- 
ply. In 1795 wooden pipes were laid by a conif)any from 
Jamaica Pond, and as the demand increased, 10 in. iron 
pipes were substituted. This source having proved insuffi- 
cient, a new aqueduct was constructed from Cocliituate 
Lake, 20 m. from the Exchange, and was opened in 1S49. 
Tlie mean elevation of the lake is 120 feet above the marsh 
level. The water is carried 14^ m. by a brick conduit of an 
elliptical form, 6 feet 4 in. by 5 feet, with a regular descent 
of 3 1-6 inches per mile, to a large reservoir in Brookline. 
Here a pond of 22 acres, and holding 100,(){Xt,000 gallons, 
has been formed by closing the outlet of a valley. The 
reservoir is 123 feet above the sea. The water is carried 
over Charles r. by two parallel pipes 30 in. diameter. From 
Brookline, large iron pipes, carry the water to a granite 
reservoir on the summit of Beacon Hill, holding 2,500,000 
gallons, and to another on Dorchester lleighls, holding 
6,000.000 gallons. These are 120 feet above the sea, and 
the water is hence conducted tlirough 70 m. of pipe through 
the streets, and has generaHy been introduced into dwell- 
ings and stores. The head is sullieient to throw a 3 in. jet 
92 feet high, from the fountain on the Common. The 
aqueduct is competent to supply 14,000,000 gallons daily. 
East Boston is also supplied from this source, pipes being 
conducted over Charles and Mystic rivers. 

The city proper now is, and the suburbs soon will be, 
lighted with gas. 

The principal public buildings in Boston and its vicinity, 
are (iuinry Market, a granite stnicture, 500 by 83 feet; the 
Slate House, a large and commodious building; Faneuil 
Hall, an ancient brick edifice; the Ma-ssaehusctts General 
Hospital, a large stone stnicture, at West Boston ; the old 
State House ; the Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary ; 
tlic Institute for the Blhid at South Boston ; the Ori)han 
Asylum; the Farm School; the City Hall, and Sufl'olk 
Court Hoase, large granite buildings ; the Kegistry of Deeds* 
U 



OflSces ; the Merchants' Exchange, of granite, also ; the 
Atheneum, of free-stone ; the Custom House ; a Club House, 
of frce-slone ; 23 large School-houses, costing $7o3.0uO; 41 
Primary School-houses ; 3 Theatres ; a Museum ; and 2 
large buildings of granite, used for concerta and lectures. 
Bost^m has also erected an extensive Jail, of Quincy granite, 
and a spacious Alms House, at Deer Island. At Kainsford'a 
Island she has also tlie Quarantine Hospital, and the build- 
ings hitherto used for jails and alma houses at West and 
South Boston. Tlie citizens of Boston have rarely been 
wanting in the cause of benevolence, and many of their 
institutions are richly endowed. Previous to 1S45, a single 
institution, the General Hospital and M'Lcan Asylum, had 
received $640,942 ; and the entire amount of douali(»u3 to 
such public objects was ascertained to have been, prior to 
1S46, $4,992,659. 

Very few of the ancient burial grounds arc now used for 
interments ; several have been planted, and contribute 
much to the ornament of tlie city. In 1S31, Mount Auburn, 
in Cambridge, a spot remarkable for its natural beauties, 
was selected as a rural cemetery. It contains US acres, 
and during the last 18 years, 1,756 lots have been sold, 
Fealizing $175,000. Koads and paths have been opened, a 
granite gateway and chapel buUt, and irou railing set round 
it; many l:\steful monuments of marble have been erected, 
and it hi\s become a place of frequent resort for the living 
as for the dead. At Forest Hill, Iloxbury, is another beau- 
tiful cemetery, and others at Brighton and Wood Lawn. 
The cemetery of Mount Aubuni is the first instance in 
America of a large tract having been chosen for its natural 
beauties, and imj)roved by landscape gardening, to prepare 
it for the reception of tho dead. 

Boston is the commercial emporium of New England, 
and next to New York among the commercial cities of the 
Union. In 1850, the shipping owned in the district amount- 
ed to 320,687 tons. The foreign arrivals amounted to 2,877 
vessels, of an aggregate burden of 478,859 tons ; and tlie 
foreign clearances, 2,839 vessels, of 437,760 tons. The ship- 
ping built in the year 1&49-50, was 23,450 tons. The value of 
imports in 1849 was $24,117,175; and of exports, $8,843,974. 
Boston enjoys, also, a large local and coast-wise trade. 
Within the borders of Massachusetts are two cities with 
over 30,000 inhabitants, ten with 10,000 to 20,000, ten towns 
with 6,000 to 10,000, twenty with 4,000 to 6,000. Between 
these and Boston an active commerce exists; and by her 
iron arms she reaches through this populous interior to the 
north and west, to Canada and the Mississippi. The coast- 
wise importations in 1S49 consisted in part of 269,818 
bales of cotton, 262,632 tons anthracite, 987,983 barrels of 
flour, 3,002,593 bushels of com, 621,513 bushels of oats, rye, 
and shorts, 38,199 barrels turpentine, 663,530 sides of leather, 
156,556 barrels of pork, 200,560 pigs of lead, etc. Large im- 
portations are also made, particularly from New Orleans, 
of beef, hemp, sugar, molasses, tobacco, and other articles. 
Vessels of all sizes, from 50 to 1,000 tons, are engaged in 
the coasting trade. The arrivals in 1849 were 6,100 ves- 
sels, which number does not include sloops and schooners, 
laden with wood, stone, and sundries, some thousands an- 
nually, that do not report at the custom Louse. By railroad 
tlie toimage transported amounted to 1,107.129 tons. 

The trade of Boston with the West and South is im- 
mense ; lier nianufai'tures and imports are sent by railway 
and packets to the farthest limits of the country. Lines 
of packets run to all the seaboard cities, freighted with tlio 
cottons, boots, shoes, and other domestic goods, the produeo 
of the Stale's industry. With California, also, Boston has 
had large dealings: at least one fifth of the shipping that 
sails from Atlantic ports for "El Dorado," hails from Bos- 
ton. 

In 1850, there were 29 banks in the city, and the banking 
capital amounted to $21,460,000. Tlie amount depriaited in 
Savings' Banks, was $3,077,799 owned by 29,799 dep'-silors. 
The stock capital of Boston insurance companies, was 



BOS 



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$5,i?3,000. Tliere were also in the city numerous mutual, 
and st^vontl foreign insur:in<.'e companies. 

The assessed value ol" [.miH-rty in Boston is $179,525,000, 
and the city debt to about :|7,iniij,(nni, chiefly owing on ac- 
count of tlie water-works. This debt is small compared 
with the wealth and resources of the city. The property 
of the city consists of the "Common," a beautiful park of 
4S acres, encu-cled by an Iron fence; the Public Garden, 
containing 14 acres, and several public squares and areas, 
embellistu'd by fountains. These are all devuted to the 
health and recreation of the citizens. She owns also val- 
uable property that may be sold; the whole is valued at 
$5,071,000, and at the present time yields a revenue of 
$300,000 annually. The expenses of the eity are chiefly for 
her schools, street improvements, watch, and the support 
of correctional and humane institutions. 

Some of the artificial structures which connect Boston 
with the main deserve notice. The "Western Avenue, 7,000 
feet long, leads from the old peninsula to Brookline, llox- 
bury, and Brighton ; it is a solid structure of granite, tilled in 
with earth, and cost $700,000. Besides forming a M'ide 
carriage road, it creates a large water-power, and lias re- 
deemed many acres from the harbor. AVcst Boston Bridge 
and Causeway, 6,190 feet long, connects Boston with Cam- 
bridge; Canal Bridge is 2,T9ti feet long; Warren Briilge, 
1,390 feet; Long Wharf, 1,S00 feet long and 200 feet wide; 
Central Wharf, 1,379 feet long and 150 feet wide; India 
Wharf, 9S0 feet long. Along lliese wharves are continuous 
blocks of warehouses, 4 or 5 stories high, ami from 50 to SO 
feet deep. Granite, Connecticut, and Lewis's wharves are 
of like size, and have ranges of large stone warehouses. 

The sfhnuls of Boston are frequently referred to as mod- 
els of i)crfei'Lion. Their number and excellence, with her 
liberal patronage of educatityi, have given Ihe city the title 
of (he Modern Athens, and their merit and importance can- 
not be overrated. In 1S50, her primary schools had 11,376 
scholars, her grammar schools 9,154, and ollK-r schr>ols 471 
scholars. Boston has also a Latin and High SchoiJ, iu 
which the higher branches are taught with signal ability. 
All these scliools are open free of charge to all. Without 
the chartered limits of the city are Harvard University, 
with its Law and Theological Schools, a Baptist College, 
and many excellent schools and academies. 

There are several public libraries in the city. The Athe- 
neum Library, the Boston and Mercantile libraries, the 
Law Library, the State Library, and several libraries of 
Harvard University. These together contain upward of 
150,000 volumes. 

There are SO periodicals and newspapers published in 
Boston, several of which are worked by steam presses, and 
have largy tirculations. These refer to almost every dc- 
par'ument of literature, religion, science, agriculture, banks, 
railroads, belles-lettres, statistics, history, medicine, law, edu- 
cation, etc. 

The religious and charitable institutions of the city are 
also numerous. It has nearly 200 churches and places of 
worship. There is also a General Hospital, two Insane 
Hospitals, an Asylum for the Blind, an Eye and Ear In- 
firmary, a Lying-in-Hospital, an Asylum (or l)rphan Girfe, 
and a Farm School for Boys. Most of these are liberally 
endowed. 

The I'nited Slates have expended large sums in and 
around Boston on their fortresses and arsenal, extensive 
navy yard, dry doek,and rope walks, and stores of cannon, 
arms, and materiel, a Customs House, and hospitals for 
sick ami intlrm seamen. All these are situated in Boston 
Harbor, and are valued at $S,OUO,000. The navy yard is 
second only to that of Norfolk. 

Should Boston and her suburbs increase for 25 years at 
its present rate, its population will exceed 1.500,000. If we 
would seek for a solution of the growth of Boston in com- 
merce, wealth, and population, we may have it not only in 
ItB central position and admirable harbor, but in the enter- 



prise, intelligence, and frugality of her people. Her enter- 
prise descends lineally from those boM aneewlors who plant- 
ed an empire in the wilderness. Their siiiril and their love 
of letters are inherited. These have gui<ied its enterprise. 
But it is one thing to acquire and another to retain. The 
frugality of the people is the great secret of accumulation, 
and iK'nce Boston has risen to its present glorious position, 
which is every day becoming more and more enviable and 
im approach able. 

Boston, p. v., Andrew co., Mo. : 163 ra. N. W. Jefferson 
City. 

Boston, p. v., Williamson co., T>inn.: 23 m. S. Nash- 
ville. 

Boston Coknee, p. o., Berkshire co., Mass.: 126 m. W. 
Boston. 

Boston, p. v., and cap. Bowie; CO., Tex. : 297 m. N. E. 
Austin City. 

Boston, p. v., Culpo^iper co,, Yii'g. : 7-6 m. N. N. W. 
Eichmond. 

Boston, p. v., Thom.ia co., Ga.: 157 m. S. Milledge\ille. 

Bobt's Mills, p. o., Cabarras CO., A1 Car. : 103 m. W. by 
S. lialcigh. 

Botanic IIill, p. o., Nash co., N. Car. : 39 m. E. N. E. 
Kaleigh. 

BoTANiCK Gaedkn, p. o., Pcrry co., T^nn. : 73 m. S. W. 
Nashville. 

Botetourt county, Virg. Situate S. middle, W, of the 
Blue iiidge, and contains 9S0 sq. m. Drained by James r. 
and tributaries. Surface hilly — with extensive valleys, and 
soil good, producing wheat, com, and tobacco. Farms 712 ; 
manuf 3S; dwell. 1,S03, and pop.— wh. 10,749, fr. col. 423, 
si. S.73(I— total 14,908. Capital: Fineastle. 

BoTKTOiiBT Springs, p. o., Eoanoke co., Yirg. : 137 m. 
W. by S. Itichmond. 

BoTiiELLE, p. v., Fond du Lac co.. Wise. : 6S m. N. by E. 
Madison. 

BoucKviLLE, p. o,, Madison co., N. Y. : on the line of the 
Chenango C-anal. 90 m. W. Albany. 

Bound Brook, p. v., Somerset co., K. Jer. : 24 m. N. by 
E. Trenton. 

Bounty Land, p. o., Pickins dist., S. Car. : 113 m. N. W, 
Columbia. 

Bourbon county, Ky. Situate N. E., centrally, and eon- 
tains 230 sq. m. Drained by numerous creeks, tributaries 
of S. fork of Licking r. Surface rolling, rising toward the 
sea; and the soils highly productive. Wheat, rye, com. 
and oats are ihe principal products. Farms 7;34; manuf. 
34 ; dwell. 1,345, and pop.— wh. 7,153, fr. col. 242, si. 7,02(>— 
total 14,426. Capital: Paris. PuUic Wurka: Lexington 
and Maysville B. B. 

Bourbon, p. v., Marsh.ill co., Jnd.: 102 m. N. by W. 
Indianapolis. 

Bouhbonton, p. v., Boone co., Mo. : 3S m. N. W. Jefferson 
City. 

BouENEviLLE, p. V., Ross CO., OMo ,' ou tlic J$. W. side 
of Paint cr., 49 m. S. C«:>lumbus. 

BoviNA, p. v., Warren co., Mi^s. : on Ihe line of the 
Yicksburg, Jackson, and Brandon II. B.,36 m.W. Jackson. 

BoviNA, t. and p. v., Delaware co.. A'. Y. : S6 m.W. S.W 
Albany. 

Bow, t. and p. v., Merrimac co., KITamp.: on Merri- 
mac r, 7 m. S. Concord. Bow Falls, of the Merrimac. are 
here overcome by a short canal. 

BowDARK, p. o., Greene co.. Mo. : 107 m. 9. W. Jefferson 
City. 

BowDoiN. t. antl p. v., Lincoln co., M^. : 23 m. S. by W 
Augusta. Pop l,srp7. 

BowpoiN Centbk. p. n., Lincoln co., Me. : 25 m. S. i>y W 
Augusta. 

BowDoiNUAM, t. and p. v., Lincoln co., Mf. : on Kenne- 
bec r., -S ni. S. Angust:^. The lumber trade and ship- 
building are the principal occupations. Pop. 2,SSl. 

BowDON, p. v., Carroll co., Ga. : 113 m. W. Milledgeyilie 

76 



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BowDON, p. v., Talladega co., Aki.: 02 m. N. Mont- 
gomery. 
lJowEN'8 Prairie, p. c, Jones co., la. : 41 m. N. Iowa 

aiy. 

BowKNviLLE. p. v., CaTToll CO., Ga. : 1 17 nx W. Milledge- 
ville. 

Bower, p. o.. Clearfield co., Fenn. : lOS m. W. N. W. 
Harrisburg. 

BowEK Bank, t. and p. o., Piscataquis co., Me. : on Sebec 
Lake, Go in. N. by E. Augusta. Pop. 173. 

Bower Hill, p. o., Washingian co., Penn.: 1S7 m. W. 
llarrisburg. 

Bower's, p. o., Soutliaiii]>ton co., Vh'g. : 71 m. S. by K. 
Eielimond. 

Bower's Mills, p. o., Lawrence co.. Mo. : on Spring r., 
a branch of Neosho r., 146 m. S. W. Jeflferson City. 

Bowersville, p. v., Franklin co., Ga. : on a cr. of the 
Middle fork of Broad r., 85 m. N. Milledgeville. 

Bowersville, p. v., Greene co., Ohio: 52 ra. W. B. W. 
Columbus. 

Bowie county, Tea; Situate in the N. E. comer, between 
Ecd r. and Sulphur Fork, nnrl contains about 06fl sq. m. 
Drained by numerous creeks running N. and S. from a cen- 
tral walershed. Surface elevated, undulaling, and well 
timbered, with small and beautiful prairies between the 
streams ; soils deep and fertile, producing excellent eotlon 
and sugar. Farms IDS; manuf. 5 ; dwell. 250, and pop. — 
wh. 1,271, fr. col. 0, si. ],G41— total 2,912. CapiUtl: Boston, 

Bowlesville, p. T., Fluvanna co.. Virg. : 49 m. W. by N. 
Pichmond. 

Bowling Green, p. v., Oglethorpe co., Gfi. : on Athens 
Branch of Georgia li. E., 46 m. N. Milledgeville. 

Bowling Green, p. v., and cap. Clay co., Ind. : on Eel 
r. of the W. fork of White r., 4S m. "\V. S. "W. Indianapolis. 

Bowling Green, p. v., Fayette co., /^. ; on the AV. si<le 
of Beck's cr. of Kaskaskia r., 56 m. S. E. Springfield. 

Bowling Green, p. v., and cap. Warren co,. A")/. ; on the 
"W. side of Big Barren r. of Green r., 122 m. S. W. Frank- 
fort, and by r. course to the Ohio, ISO m. The v. is acces- 
sible to steamboats of 200 tons, and has considerable trade, 
chiefly in tobacco. The Nashville and Louisville P. K. will 
pass tlirough Bowling Green. 

Bowling Green, p. v., and cap. Pike co., Mo.: 74 m. 
N. E. Jefferson City. 

Bowling Green, p. c, Wood co., Ohio : 52 m. N. W. 
Columbus. 

Bowling Green, p. v., and cap. Caroline co., Virff. : a 
few miles E. of Mattapony r., 37 ni. N. Richmond. P. .3S5. 

BowLiNGSTiLLE, p. V., Union dist., S. Car. : C7 m. N. 
Columbia. 

Bowman's Creek, p. c, Wyoming co., Petin.: 98 m. 
N. N. E. Harrisburg. 

Bowman's Mills, p. c, Pockinghara co., Virg.: KiG m. 
N. W. Eichmond. 

Bowmansville, p. v.. Lancaster co., Pfiun. 

BowNE, t. and p. o., Kent co., Mich. : 4S m. W. by X. 
Lansing. Pop. 2*20. 

BowsHERSTiiLE, p. V., Wyaudott CO., Ohio: 66 m. N. by 
W. Columbus. 

BoxBORoucn, t and p. v., Middlesex co., Ma^K : between 
Concord and Nashua r., 25 m. N. W. by N. Boston. P. 396 

BoxFOBD, t. and p. v.. Essex co., Mass. : 23 m. N. Boston. 

BoxLEY, p. v., Hamilton co., Iml. : 31 ni. N. In<lian- 
apojis. 

BoxviLLE, p. v., Montgomery co., Ga. : on the W. side 
of Oconee r., near its junction with the Ocmulgcc, 84 m. S. 
Milledgeville. 

Boyd '9 Creek, p. o., Sevier co., Teuin. : on a cr. of Henry 
r. ofthe Tennessee, 183 m. E. Nashville. 

BoYusTON's Mills, p. o., Kosciusko co., Tiu?. : 9S m. N. 
Indiananolis. 

BoYPSviLLE, p. T., "VTeakly co., T^n. : at the head wa- 
iM-s of Obiou r.. 103 m, W. Nashville 
7G 



BoYDTON, p. v., and cap. Mceklenburgh co., Virg.: 74 
m. S. S. W. Eichmond. Eandolph Macon College, founded 
1S32, is located about a mile to the west. 

Boyer's Settlement, p. o., Buchanan co., 3fo.: on E. 
fork of Plalle r., 149 m. W. N. W. Jefferson Ciiy. 

BoYERSTowN, p. v., BerlvB CO., Penn.: 63 m. E. by N. 
Harrisburg. 

Boykin's DepGt, p. 0., Kershaw dist,, S. Car. : on Cam- 
den Branch of tlie South Carolina E. E., 2G m. E. by N". 
Columbia. 

Boyle county, ify. Situate centrally, and contains 226 
sq. m. Drained by creeks of Salt and Kentucky rivers. 
Surface rolling, and soils very fertile, producing the grains 
and tobacco. Farms 443; manuf. 53; dwell. 927, an4l pop. 
— wh. 5,389, fr. col. 3^3, si. 3,424— total 0,126. Capital: 
Danville. Public Works: Nashville and Lexington E. E. 

BoYLSTON, t. and p. v., Worcester co., Mass. : on Nashua 
r.. 89 m. W. Boston. Poj.. 918. 

BoYLfiTON Centre, p. o., Worcester co.. Jfasa. : 37 m. W. 
Boston. 

BozRAii, t. and p. o.. New London co., Cojtn. : 32 m. 
E. by S. Hartford. Pop. 867. 

BozRAiiviLLE, p. v., New London co.. Conn. : 30 m. E.by 
S. Hartford. 

Braceville, t. and p. v., Trumbull co., Ohio : on Ma- 
honing r., 133 m. N. E. Columbus. Pop. 956. 

Bracken county, JT?/. Situate N. E. on the Ohio r.. and 
contains 21S sq. m. Drained by N. fork of Licking and 
several creeks ofthe Ohio. Surface hilly and broken; soils 
moderately productive. Farms 72S ; manuf 21 ; dwell. 1,437, 
and pop.— wh. 7,94S, fr. col. 115, si. 840— total 8,903. Capi- 
tal : BrookWIle. 

Braokney, p. v., Susquehannah co., Penn. : 122 m. N. E. 
Harrisburg. 

BRADEN^^LLE, p. V., Wcslmorcland co., Penn. : 162 m. W. 
Harrisburg. 

Bradford county, Penn. Situate N. E. on State line, 
and contains 1,180 sq. m. Drained by the Chemung and 
Susquehanna rivers and their tributariesi the Towauda, 
Wyalusing, and Sugar. Surface generally mountainous, 
with cxeejilions along the rivers, and the soils highly pro- 
ductive. Bituminous coal is found on tlie Towan<I.'L 
Farms, 5,096; manuf. 562; dwell.. 7.491, and pop.— wh. 
42,634, fr. ool. 197— total 43,831. Cajrital : Towanda. Pub- 
lic Works: North Branch of Pennsylvania Canals; Will- 
iamsport and Elmira E. E. 

]»RADFORD, p. v., Harrison co., /;*'/. .-104 ni. S. Indian- 
apolis.* 

Bradford, t and p v., Steuben co., y. Y. : 165 in. W. by 
S. Albany. Pop. 2.010. 

Bradford, t. and ik v., Penobscot co., Me. : CS m. N. E. 
Augusta. 

Bradford, t. and p. v., Essex co., Mafu*. : on Merrimac r., 

28 ni. N. Boston. It is cH)nne<'ted with Haverbill by a 
bridge, over which the Boston and Maine P. E. is carried, 
32 m. from Boston. The t is noted for its boot and shoe 
factories. Pop. 1,323. 

Bradford, t. and p. v., M<Trimac eo., K. IFntnp. : on the 

Concord and Claremont E. P... 25 m. from Concord. P 1,341 

Bradford, p. v.. Orange co„ Vonn. : on Connecticut r., 

29 m. E. by S. Monlpelior. Two literary periodicals are 
puMisiiod here, the " Vermont Family Gazette," weekly, 
and the "Green Mountain Gem." monthly. The Connec- 
ticut and Passumslc Eivers E. Jl. passes through tho t, on 
llio edge of the river. 

Bradford, p. v., CiK>sa cc, Ala. : 28 m. N. Mont- 
gomery. 

Bradford Centre, p. o.. Orange co., Venn.: 27 m. 
E. by S. Montpelicr. 

Bradford Institute, p. o., Sumter dist., S. Car.: 42 m. 
E. Columbia. 

Bradford Springs, p. o., Sumter (list,*?. Car.: 42 m. 
£. Columbia. 



BRA 



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Bkadfordville, p. v., Marion co., Ky.: on a cr. of Roll- 
ing fork of Suit r^ 47 m. S. AV. Frank forL 

liKADLEY county, Ark: Sitimle S. eonlrally, and contains 
SCO sq. ni. Drained l)y Wachita and Spline rivers and their 
tributaries. Surface rolling — chiefly prairie, and soils fer- 
tile. Farms 303; nianuf. 1: dttell. 440, and pop. — wh. 
2,601 fr. col. 2, si. l,2-*6— total 3.S'29. Capital : AVarren. 

Bradley county, Tenn. Situate S. E. on State line, and 
contains 526 sq. m. Drained by creeks of Hiwassee r. Sur- 
face mountainous, ru(;o:ed, and except on tlie streams, of in- 
ferior fertility. Indian com is the chief product, and some 
cotton and tobacco is also grown. Farms 8S6; manuf. 44; 
dwell. 1.955, and pop.— wh. 11.478, fr. col. 37, si. 744— total 
12,259. Cajntal: Cleveland, PuUic Work^: East Ten- 
nessee IJ. R., etc. 

Bradley, p. o.. Jackson Co., III. : 12S m. S. Springfield. 

Bbadley, p. o., Allegan co., Mi'-'^i. : 76 m. W. by S. 
Lansing. 

Bbadlf.yville, p. T., Sumter diat., S. Car. : 57 m. E. by S. 
CoUimbki. 

Cradsiiaw, p. o., Giles co., 2>«n. .■ 63 m. S. by TV. 
Nashville. 

Brady, t. and p. o,, Kalamazoo co., Mick.: on the head 
waters of Portage r., 68 m. S. ^Y. Lansing. Pop. 57S.* 

Br.ADY's Besd, p. o., Armstrong co., Petin.: 146 m. 
■\V. by N. Ilarrisburg. 

Bkadyville, p. v., Adams co., Ohio: S2 m. S. by TV. 
Columbus. 

Bbadyville, p. T,, Cannon co., Tenn. : 46 m. S. E. Nash- 
ville. 

Bbagg's, p. 0., Lowndes co., Ala. : 31 m. S. "W. Mont- 
gomery. 

Braggville, p. v., Middlesex co., J/ti-s*. ; 26 m. N. "W. 
Boston. 

Beainaed's Bridge, p. o., Rensselaer co., A' Y. 

Bf.ai.ntkee, t, and p. v., Norfolk co., Mass. : on the line 
of the Old Colony K. K., 10 m. S. Boston. The South 6hor._- 
K. II. and the Fall Itlver li. K. also diverge iVuni this t. 
It has considerable manufactures, and some shipping en- 
gaged in the co.isting trade and the fisheries. Braintree 
was the birtb-piacc of the elder Adams. Pop. 2,9C9. 

Braintree. t. and p. v.. Orange co.. Venn.: at the head 
of White r.. and on the line of the Vermont C^intral K. li., 
ItJ m. S. Montjj^Iier. pop. 1,228. 

Beaintrem, p. v., ■Wyoming co., Penn.: on N. si(ie of 
Susquehanna r., 102 m. N. by E. llarrisburg. 

Brakeletville, p. v., Monroe co., I'enn. : lo5 m. E. N. E. 
llarrisburg. 

Brake's Rck, p. o., ITardy co., Mrg.: 122 m. N. W. 
Richmond. 

Beaman's C0RXEC8, p. o., Schenectady co.. A'. Y.: 13 
m. W. Albany. 

Branch county, MicJu Situate S. middle on State line, 
and contains 576 sq. m. Drained by several creeks of St. 
Joseph r. Surface rolling; wood and prairie, and tho soils 
rich and loamy. Farms 1.442; manuf. 53; dwell. 2,300, 
and pop.— wh. 12.45G. fr. col. IC— total 12.472. Capital: 
Branch. Public Works: Michigan Southern R. R. 

Bbancii, p. v., and cap. Branch co., Mich. : on W. branch 
of Coldwater r., 63 m. S. by W. Lansing. The Micliigan 
Southern R. R. passes a little S. of the v.. 95 in. from 
Monroe. 

Branch Dale, p. 0., Schuylkill co., Penn. 

Branch Hill, p. o., Clermont co., Ohio: 87 m. S. Vi. 
Columbus. 

Eranph Island, p. 0., Pickens dist., S. C<ir.: 124 m. 
N. W. Columbia. 

BiiANcu Post, p. o., Yatee co., iV". Y. : at the heed of the 
"W. arm of Crooked Lake, 16" m. "W. Albany. 

BHANruTowN, p. v., Cherokce co., 7<tr. : 196 m. N. E. 
AuUin City. 

Beanchville, p. o., St. Clatr co., Ala. : 7S m. N. Mont- 
gomery. 



BBANCnviLLE, p. V., Susscx CO., A'. Jor. : on Paulin'a 
KilU 62 m. N. Trenton. 

Bbancuville, p. v., Orangeburg dist., S. Car. : on "W. 
side of Edisto r., 46 m. S. by E. Columi>ia. At this point 
the Columbia Branch R. R. branches from the South C.ir- 
olina R. R., 62 m. from Charleston. 

Br.*,ndenhuhg, p. v., and cap. Meade co.. Ay. 

Brandon, p. v., and cap. Rankin co., Miss.: at tho E. 
terminus of the Vicksburg, Jackson, and Brandon R. R., 
14 m. E. Jackson. The "B. Republican" (whiirl is issued 
weekly. The railroad will bo continued eastward to Selma, 
Ala-. 

BKA^^)ON, p. v., Knox co., Ohio: 89 m. N. E. Columbus. 

Brandon, t. and p. o., Oakland co., Mich. : 6S ni. E. 
Lansing. Poi>. bi.i;_. 

Brandon, t. and p. v., Rutland co., Fct-w. ; on Otter er. 
of Lake Champlain, 42 m. S. by W. Montpelier. The Rut- 
land and Burlington R. R. passes through it, 50 m. S. Bur- 
lington. Two newspapers, the ** Vermont Tribune'' and 
the " Brandon Post," are issued weekly. Pop. 2,SJ5, 

Brandontille, p. v., Preston co., Virg.: 177 m. N. "W. 
Richmond. 

Brand's Iron Works, p. o., Washington co., R. I. : 2S 
m. S. by W. Providence. 

Brandt, p. v., Miami co., Ohio: 72 m. W. Columbus. 

Brandt, t. and p. v.. Eric co., A'. }'. .■ on Lake Eric and 
Cattaraugus cr., 26S m. W. Albany. Pop. 1 O'.'S. 

Brandywine, p. v., Shelby co., Ind. : 23 m. S. E. Indian- 
apolis. 

BnANDTwrNE, p. v., Prince George's Co., Md. : 36 m. S. W. 
Annapolis. 

Beand^ttine creek: rises in Pennsylvania, whence it 
flows S. into Delaware, and after uniting with Christina cr. 
it enters the Delaware, forming the harbor of Wilmington. 
It is navigable to Brandywine village, at which point there 
is 6 or 7 feet water at tide; and furnishes excellcnl mill 
sites, which are occupied by numerous flour mills. 

Brandywine, hund., Neue;isllo county. Del.: between 
Brandywine cr. and Delaware r.. and contains 22,166 acres. 
It ha? numerous flour and i>ilier mills. Pop. 3.492. 

Brandywine Manor, p. o., Chesli-r co., Penn. 

BnANDVWiNR MiLiA, p.o.. Summit co., Ohio. 

Brandywine Si-kings, p. o.. Newcastle, Del. 

Branfc'RD, t. and p. v.. New Haven co., Omn. : on Bran- 
ford r. of Long Island Sound, 4:i m. S. by W. Hartford. 
The New Haven and New London R. R. passes through 
the t. 7 m. E. New Haven. Pop. 1,425, 

Brantingham, p. v., Lewis co., JV. 3'.; 114 ra. N. W. 
Albany. 

Beasheu's Falls, p. o.. Si. Lawrence co., N. Y. : on Deer 
r., and near the line of the Northern R. E., 152 m. N. W. 
Albany. The falls and rapids of tlie r. ftirnish extensive 
watcr-powrr. 

Beasiier's Iron Works, p. o., St. Lawrence co., K. Y.. 
161 m. N. W. Albany. 

Brashersville, p. v.. Perry co., Ky. : 123 m. S. E. Frank- 
fort. 

Bras.«town, p. V. Union co:, Ga.: 142 m. N. by W. 
Milled gcville. 

BRAnLEitoROUGii. t. and p. v.. Windham co.. Verm.: on 
the W. side of Connecticut r.. 9S m. S. by E. Mnnlpelier. 
The Vermont and Ma-Ksachusetts R. R. and the Vernu>nt 
Valley R. R. here form a junction. 69 m. from Fitchburg, 
anrl 24 IVom Bellow's Falls. Manufactures are extensive, 
and the U «>ne of the most flnnrishing in the State. Thr.-o 
ni.-wspap'Ts are puMi^ln.l li<^re. the "Eagle.*' semi-weekly, 
and the " VVruH'm Phu-iiix," and the "Windham County 
Dcmocnil." weckh. 

BRATToNftviixK. p. v., Yorfc dist., S. Car.: 51 m. N. 
CoIund»ia. P<.p. R.S16. 

Bi:axt"'N county. Virg. Situate N. W., and contains 300 
sq. in. Draincil by Elk and Little Kanawha rivers and 
their numerous tributaries. Surface hilly in the S. — in oll> 

77. 



BRA 



BRI 



er pnrts, broken and rough. Coal 13 found in the county. 
Soils moderately fertile, producing wheat, corn, an<l tohac- 
co. Larffe quantities of sugar are made. Farms 408 ; 
manuf. 10 ; dwell. 679, and pop.— wh. 4,123, fr. col. 0, el. 
89— total 4.212. Capitnl : Braxton C. H. 

Braxtox, p. v., and cap. Braxton co., Virg. : on Elk r., 
1S9 ni. "\V. by N. Richmond. 

Brazil, p. v., Clay co., Ind. : 54 m. W. Indianapolis. 

Brazoria county, Tea: Situate S. E. on the Gulf, and 
contains about 1,200 sq. m. Drained by the San Bernardo, 
Brazos, and innumerable streams flowing into these and the 
Gulf of Mexico. Surface low and level : within in m. of the 
coast the country is an open prairie — Ihe residue is beauti- 
fully variegated, with woods of live-oak lining the streams. 
Soil, except near the coast, a deep black mold, and very 
productive. Farms 1.34 ; dwell. 296, and pop.— wh. 1,329, 
fr. col. 5, si. 3,507— total 4,S41. CapUnl: Brazoria. 

Brazoria, p. v., and cap. Brazoria co.. Tea'. : on W. 
side of Brazos r., 53 m. from tho Gulf, and 197 m. 8. E. 
Austin City. 

Beazos county, Tkr. Situate centrally on the forks of 
Brazos and Navasoto rivers, and contains 320 sq. m. Drain- 
ed by streams falling from a central watershed to the bor- 
der rivers. Surface elevated and undulating ; timber skirt- 
ing the water-courses ; soils exceedingly rich and productive 
of sugar and cotton, with the grains. Farms 47 ; dwell. SI, 
and pop.— wh. 466, fr. col. 0, si. US— total 014. Capital: 
Booneville. 

Brazos river, Tew. : one of the largest rivers of the Slate, 
emptying directly into the Gulf of Mexico. It rises in a 
vast number of tributaries in the hilly region of the N. W., 
and has a general S. S. E. direction. In its lower course 
it is navigable for ships — higher up, for steamers and boats. 
Its largest confluents are Little r., Yegna r., an<l the Nava- 
soto r. : the two first from the "W., and the latter from the E. 

Brazos Santiago, p. v., Cameron co., Tkr. .■ a few miles 
N. of the mouth of the Eio Grande, and about 800 m. S. 
Austin City. 

Breaeabecn, p. 0., Schoharie co., N. Y. : 46 m. W. 
Albany. 

Bkkakszce, p. v., Butler 00., Peim, : 172 m. W. by N. 
Ilarrisburg. 

Break's Bridgk, p. o., St Martin's par., La. 

BREATmiT county, Ky. Situate E., and contains GSO sq. 
m. Drained by N. and middle forks of Kentucky. Sur- 
face hilly and broken — the N. and N. E. parts mountain- 
ous; and the soils, except on the rivers, indiflcrently pro- 
ductive. Bituminous coal is abundant. Farms 433 ; manuf. 
15 ; dwell. 625, and pop.— wh. 3,603, fr. col. 13, si. 170— 
total 8,785. Capital : Jackson, 

BRECKEhiUDGE couuty, Ay. Situate N. W. on Ohio r., 
and contains 456 sq. m. Drained by Rough cr, and its trit> 
utariea in the S., and by Sinking and other creeks of the 
Ohio in the N. Surface uneven, but soils productive. 
Sinks occur in this county. Farms SS9 ; manuf. 18; dwell. 
1,452, and pop.— wh. 8.GI6, fr. coL 11, si. 1,966— total 10,593. 
O-'pital : Hardingsburg. 

Breeding's, p. o., Adair co., ITi/. : 73 m. S. W. Frank- 
fort. 

Beebse, p. o., Greene co., III. : 46 m. W. by S. Spring- 
fleld. 

Breinigsvtlle, p. v., Lehigh co., Penn. : 74 m. E. by N. 
Harrisburg. 

Bremen, p. v.. Cook co., lU.: 152 m. N. E. Springfield. 

Bbemen, p. o., Marshall co., Ind,: 106 m. N. by W. In- 
dianapolis. 

Bremen, p. o., Mecklenburg co., Ky. : on the E. Bide of 
Pond cr. of Green r., 146 m. "\V. S. W. FrankforL 

Bremen, t. and p. v., Lincoln co., Me. : occupies a penin- 
Bula jutting into the Atlantic, .37 m. S. by E. Augusta. It 
is nhnost surrounded by navigable waters. Pop. 891. 

Bremen, p. v., Fairfield co., Ohio: on Kush cr., 87 m. 
8. E. Columbus. 
78 



Bremen, p. v., St Louis co., 3fo. : 102 m. E. Jefl'crsom 
City. 

Bbemkr county, In. Situate N. E., and conUiins 4S2 sq. 
m. Taken from Fottowattomie in 1S51. 

Bbbnuam, p. v., and cap. AVashington co., Tiw. ; on New 
Tear's cr. of Brazos r., 84 m. E. Austin City. 

IJrennersville. p. v., Preble co., Ohio: 89 m. W. Co- 
lumbus. 

Brkntsvili.e, p. v., and cap. Prince William co., Virg.: 
on a branch of Occoquam r, 78 m. N. Kichmond. 

Brentwood, t and p. v., Kockingham co., N. Ifamp. : 
on Exeter r., 33 m. S. E. Concord. Sulphate of irou is 
abundant in this locality. Pop. 928. 

Brbst. p. o., Monroe co., Mich, : on Lake Erie, at the 
mouth of Stoney cr., S6 m. S. E. Lansing. The liarbor 
facilities are very eligible for lake craft. 

Brewer, t and p. o., Penobscot co., Me. : on the E. side 
of Penobscot r., opposite Bangor, 57 ni. N. E. Augusta. 

Brewer Centre, p. o., Penobscot co., Me. : 59. m. N. E. 
Augusta. 

Breweesville, p. v., Sumter co., AUi. : 105 m. "W. by N. 
Montgomery. 

S Brewersville, p. v., Jennings co., Jnd.: 67 m. S. W. 
Indianajiolrs. 

Brewerton, p. v., Onondaga co.. A''. Y. : 112 m. "W. byN. 
Albany. 

Brewerton, p. v., Laurens dist, S. Car. : 61 m. W. by N. 
C-olumbia. 

Brewer Vix-lage, p. v., Penobscot co., Me. : opposite 
Bangor, 57 m. N. E. Augusta. Steamers call hero regu- 
lariy^ 

Brewincton, p. v., Sumter dist, S. Car. : 53 m. E. by S. 
Columbia. 

Brewster, t and p. v.. Barnstable co., Mass. : on Cape 
Cod Bay, 6T m. S. E. Boston. It has some manufactures, 
but the inhabitants are chiefly fishermen. Pop. 1,526. 

Brewster's Station, p. o., Putnam co., Ji. Y. : b2 m. S. 
Albany. 

Brickerville, p. v., Lancaster co., Fewn, : 23 m. E. 8. E, 
Ilarrisburg. 

Brickland, p. v., Lunenburgh co., Virg. : 66 m S. W, 
lUchmond. 

Brick Meeting IIouse, p. o., Cecil co., Md. : 59 m. N.N.E. 
Annapolis. , 

Brick Store, p. 0., Newton co., Ga. : 47 m. N. "VV. Mil- 
led gcville. 

Bricksville, p. v., Cuyahoga co., Ohio: on Cuyahoga 
cr., lis m. N. E. Columbus. 

Brickville, p. v., Lawrence co., Ahi. : a little S. of Ten- 
nessee r., at Muscle Shoals, and 193 m. N. by W. Mont- 
gomery. 

Bridesiiitro, p. v., Philadelphia co., Penn.: 91 m. E, 
Harrisburg. 

Bridge, p. 0., St Francis co.. Ark. 

Bridgeboroitgh, p. v., Burlington co., IT. Jer. 

Bridge Crfjik, p. o., Geauga co., Ohio: 123 m. N. E. 
Columbus. 

Bkiihiekortii's, p'o.. Limestone co., Ala. : 196 m. N. byW, 
Montgomery. 

BRiixiEHAHi'TON, p. V., SufTulk CO., IT. 1'.* ou the E. end 
of Long Island, on the Atlantic, 187 m. S. E. Albany. 

Bbk'Oepurt. t and p. city, Fuirfleld co., CV>««. ; on an 
arm of Long Island Sound, which receives Pequanock r., a 
fine mill stream, 7S m. S. W. Hartford. The harbor ia 
ehgible f<jr large steamboats and trading craft, and the city 
has extensive manufactures. The New York and New 
Haven K. K. is here intersected by the Ilousatonic R. R., 
giving it access to the E. and W., and to the N. The 
" Kepublican Standard'' (whig) is published tri-weekly and 
weekly, and the *'Kepublic^n Farmer" (dcm.) weekly. 
Pop. 7,.'>3S. 

liBiDGEroRT, p. v., Huntingdon co., PetiTi, : 62 m. W. 
Harrisburg. 



BRI 



BRI 



BEtDGEPOBT, p. v., Marion co., Ind. : on National Road, 
9 m. W. Intiianapolis. ' 

Beidgeport, p. v., Franklin co., Ey. : 5 m. froni Frank- 
forU 

BniDGEPORT, t and p. v., 8aginaw co., Mich. : on the 
S. side of Cass r. of the Saginaw, 61 m. N. E. Lansing:. 

Bridgeport, p. v., Madison co., K. Y. : on Chittenango 
cr. of Oneida Lake, 105 m. W. by N. Albany. 

Bridgeport, p. v., Gloucester co., IT. Jer. : S4 m. 8. by 
W. Trenton. 

Bridgeport, p. v., Belmont co., Ohio: on the Ohio r. 
opposite Wbecling:, 114 m. E. Columbus. It will eventually 
be an important U. R. centre, where the lines from Penn- 
sylvania and Virginia will connect with those of Ohio. The 
" Belmont Farmer," an agricultural paper, is issued month- 
ly. Its trade Is considerable, and it has some substantial 
warehouses. 

Bridgeport, p. v., Harrison co., Virg.: 1S6 m. N. W. 
Richmond. 

Bridgeport, p. v., Brown co., Wise. : on E. eide of Fox 
r., 123 m. N. E. Madison. 

Bridgeport, p. v., Jackson co., Ja. : on Makoqnela r., 
57 m. N. E. Iowa Cily. 

Bridgeton, p. v., port, and cap Cumberland co., J^. Jer. : 
on Cohansey cr., 20 m. up, and 60 m. S. Trenton. Sloops 
come up to the port, and the v. has considerable business. 
Shipping owned in the district 14,4T2 toiw. Two news- 
papers, the "Bridgeton Chronicle'' and the "New Jersey 
Pioneer," are issued weekly. On the "W. eido of the cr. are 
extensive iron works. Pop. oft. 2,446. 
Beidgeton, p. v., Paric co., Ind. : 61 m. W. Indianapolis. 
Bridgeton, t. and p. v., Cumberland co., Me,: on Long 
Pond, 51 m. S. W. Augusta. From Uirs point there is a 
navigable communication to Portland through the Oxford 
and Cumberland Canal. Pop. 2,710. 

Bridgeton, p. v., St. Louis co., Mo.: 13 m. N. W. St. 
Louis and 101 m. E. Jefferson City. 

Bridgeton, p. v., Shelby co., Ala.: 62 m. N. N. "W". 
Montgomery. 

Bridgetown, p. v., Caroline co., Md.: 42 ni, E. Anna- 
polis. 
Bridge Valley, p. o., Bucks co., Penru. 
Bridgeville, p. v., Dorchester co., Md. '■ 

Bridgeville, p. v.. Sussex co.. J>el. : on the 9. side of 
Nauticoke r., 8S m. W. by S. Bovcr. 

Br.iDGKviLLR, p. v., WarrcH co., K Jer. : on Pequest r., 
43 m. N. by "W. Trenton. 

Bridgeville, p. v., Sullivan co., Al T.: 92 m. S. "W. 
Albany. 

Beidgeville, p. v., Muskingum co., Ohio: 51 m. E. 
Columbus. 

Beidgewater, p. v., Litchfield co., Comi. : 5Q m. W. 
Hartford. 

Bridgewatee, p. v., Washtenaw eo., Mich. : on N. 
branch of Raisin r., 57 ra. 9. E. Lansing. 

Bridgewatee, L and p. v., Plymouth co., Mass.: on 
Taunton r., 29 m. S. Boston. Fall River K. R. passes 
through the L, and the Bridgewater Branch R. R. extends 
between South Abinglou and Bridgewater. It has numer- 
ous manufactures. Pop. 2,7y0. 

Bridgewatee, t and p. v., Grafton co., A^ ITamp : be- 
tween Pemegewasset r. and Newfound Lake, 30 m. N. by 
W. Concord. Pop. 664. 

Bridgewatee, p. t-, Oneida co., A': J'., on a cr. of Un- 
adilla r., 7S m. W. Albany. Pop. 1,303. 

Bridge water, t. and p. v., Wilbams co., Ohio: on the 

St Josephs of the Maiimee, 13S m. N. W. Columbus. P.493 

Bridgewater, t. and p. v., Aroostook co., Jfe. Pop. 14!'. 

Beidgewater, p. v., Bucks co., Peiin. : 103 ra. E. by N. 

Ilarrisburg. 

BarpGEWATER, p. v., Rockingham co., Ilrs;. :'iOi m. 
N. W. Richmond. 
P.EinoF.wATEB, p. L, Windsof CO., Verm.: on "Water- , 



queochy r.. 46 m. S. Montpelier. Soapstone is extensively 
quarried in this t., uho iron. Killington Peak lies on the 
W. border. Pop. 1,311. 

Brii'LE Creek, p. o., Grayson co., Virff.: 200 m. W. by 
S. Richmond. 

BuiDPORT, t. and p. o., Addison co., Verm.: on Lake 
Champlain, opposite Crown Point, 41 m. W. S. W. Mont- 
pelicr. The waters of the t. are strongly impregnated with 
sulpiiate of magnesia. Pop. 1,393. 

BniF.R Creek, p. o., "Wilkca co., W. Car. : 139 ra. "W". by 
N. Raleigh. 

Brier Creek, t. and p. o., Columbia co., Penn. : 69 m. 
N. N. E. Harrisburg. 

Brter Hill, p. o., St Lawrence co., N. Y. : 169 in. N. W. 
Albany. 

Brigg's Mills, p. o., Ohio CO., Ky. : 123 m. "W by S. 
Frankfort, 

BiuGHT, p. 0., Dearborn co., Ind.: 73 m. S. E. Indian- 
apolis. 

Brighton, L and p. o., Essex co., Verm, : on the Green 
Mountains near the Canada border, 52 m. N. E. Montpelier. 
St. Francis r. has its source in this loeality. Pop. 193. 

BiiiGUTON, p. v., Macoupin co,. lU.: 42 m. S. by W. 
Springfield. 

IJuionTON, p. v., Beaufort disL, S. Car.: 103 m. S. Co- 
hinibia. 

Brighton, t. and p. v., "Washington co., la. : on the S. 
side of Skunk r., 85 m. S. by "W. Iowa City. Pop. 243. 

BiuGHToN, t. and p. v., Somerset co., Me. : 43 m. N. 
Augusta. Pop. 748. 

Brighton, t. and p. v., Livingston co., Mich. : 53 m. E. by 
S. Lansing. P. p. 1,015. 

Brighton, t. and p. v., Middlesex co., Mass. : on Charles 
r., 5 m. \^\ Bgston, with which it communicates by R. R, 
The Bost^in cattle market is located here, and in 1S49 the 
animals soM counted 46,405 beef cattle, 20,035 store cattle, 
14^,965 sheep, and 80,120 swine, valued at $3,976,265. A 
cemetery has been lately established. Assessed valuation 
$1,146,212. Pop. 2,356. 

Brighton, t and p. v., Monroe co., M Y. : on the Erie 
Canal, 259 m. from Albany. Pop. 3,117. 

Brighton, v., Richmond co.. A' Y.: a beautiful village 
and suninuT resort on Staten Island, 152 m. 8. Albany. 

Brighton, t. and p. v., Loraiuo co., Ohio: on tlie W. 
branch of Black r, S6 m. N. N. E. Columbus. Pop. 669, 

Brighton, p. v., Beaver co., Penn.: on "W. side Big 
Beaver r., 4 m. from its mouth, and 193 m. W. Harrisburg. 
It is connected with New Brighton by a fine bridge. The 
Ohio and Pennsylvania R. II. passes Brighton, 33 m. from 
PitLshurg 

Brighton, t. and p. v., Kenosha co.. TTi'sc. ; 117 m. 
E. S. E. Madison. Pop. 810. 

Brighton, v., Sacramento co., CitU/.: on E. side of Sa- 
cramento r.. 53 m. N. W. Vallejo. 
Bright Seat, p. v., Anne Amndel co., Md. 
Bbightsville, p. v., Marlborough dist., S. Car.: on 
Crooked cr. of Great Pedee r., 94 m. N. E. Columbia. 

Bri-mfield, p. 0., Peoria co., lU. : 46 m. N. by "W. Spring- 
fiekl. 

BuiMFiELD, t and p. v., Hampden co., Mans. : on Chico- 
pec and Quinnebaug r., 63 m. "W. 8. "W. Boston. P. 1,421. 
Brimfield. t. and p. v., Portage co., Ohio: 113 ra. N. E. 
Columbus. Pop. l,(i]5. 

Brindletown, p. v., Burke co., K. Car. : on the E. side 
of Silver cr. of Calawb.i r., 163 m. W. Raleigh. 

Bringham's Grove, p. o., Tippecanoe co., Ind. : 62 m. 
N. yV. Indianapolis. 

Bringiers, p. v., and cap. St, James par.. La. : on W. 
side of Mississippi r., 35 m. S. Baton Rouge. 

Brinkleyvili.e, p. v., Halifax co,, A^ Car. : on Little 
Fishing or., .M m. N. E. Raleigh. 

Brinton, p. v.. Champaign co., Ohio: 52 m. Vf. by N. 
Columbus. 

70 



BBI 



BRO 



Bp.iscok Ta-N, p, o., Wood co., Virg. : 240 m. TV. N. "W. 
r»ichmond. 

BBiSTER6BURGn, p. V., Fauquier co., Vtrg. : 89 m. N. by 
W. Kichmond. 

BnisTOi. county, J/a.*.s. Situate S. E. on Ruzzanls' Bay, 
and contains 620 sq. m. Drained by Taunton and other 
rivers. Coasts deeply indented. • Surface level ; soils Diod- 
tratcly fertile. Navigation and manufactures employ most 
oftlie inliabitanls. Farms2,G50; nianuf. 562 ; dwell. 12,184, 
and pop.— wh. 74.760, fr. col.. l,43'.^total 76,192. Capi- 
tals: New Bedford and Taunton. Puhlic Works: Boston 
and Providence E. K. ; Fall Kivcr R. R. ; Taunton and 
New Bedford K. K., etc. 

Bkistol county, /?. / Sitimte E. between Ml. Ilope and 
. Narraganset bays, and contains 90 sq. m. Surface diversi- 
fied : soils, a gravelly loam and fertile. Farms 200 ; nianuf. 
87; dwell. 1,167, and pop.— wh. 8,190, fr. col. 824— total 
8,514. CapiUil : Bristol. 

Bristol, t. and p. v., Hartford co., Cmin. : on branches 
of Farmington r., 14 m. "W. by S. Hartford. It is distin- 
guished for its manufacturing industry, and especially for 
its clocks, etc. Pop. 2,SS4. 

Bristol, p. v., Kendal! co., III. : on W. side Fox r., op- 
posite Yorkville, 139 m. N. N. E. Springfield. 

Bristol, p. v., Anne Arundel co., Md. : 29 m. N. N. "W. 
Annapolis. 

Bristol, t, and p. o., Lincoln co., Me. : on the E. skle of 
Damariscotta r. at its mouth, 80 m. S. by E. Augusta. It 
has a good harbor, and some shipping engaged in the 
coasting trade and fisheries. Pop. 2,910. 

Bristol, t. and p. v., Grafton co., N. ITainp. : between 
Pemegawasflct r. and Newfound Lake, 81 m. N. by W. 
Concord. Pop. 1,108. 

Bristol, t. and p. v., Ontario co., K Y. ; on Mudd cr., 
162 m. AV. Albany. 

Bristol, t. and p. v., Morgan co., Ohio : on Meigs cr. of 
Muskingham r., 60 m. E. by S. Columbus. Pop. 1,725, 

Bristol, t and p. v., Bucks co., Penn, : on the W. bank of 
Delaware r., and the E. terminus of the Delaware division 
of the Pennsylvania Canal, 108 m. E. Harrisburg. Im- 
mense amounts of coal ar-e deposited here and shipped to 
the E. A newspaper, the "B. Gazette," is published week- 
ly. The Trenton and Philadelphia E. K. passes through 
Bristol, 19 m. N. Philadelphia. Pop. 2,67S. 

Bristol, t., p. v., port, and cap. Bristol co., P. L: on the 
E. side of Narragansctt Bay, 18 m. S. by E. Providence. 
It has a good harbor, and is extensively engaged in coast- 
ing and the fisheries. Tbe shipping owned in the district, 
18,193 tons. The "Bristol I'hoenix" is published weekly. 
Mt. Hope lies in this t., 2 m. N. E. of the C. H., which is 
a fine elevation of about 300 feel. Here King Philip, chief 
of the Pequods, held his court; the view from the summit 
is extensive and highly interesting. Pop. 4.016. 

Bristol, t. and p. v., Addison co., Vet^n.: on the New 
Haven r., 50 m. 8. W. Montpelier. The Green Mountains 
occupy the E. portions of the t, but in the "W. the surface 
is level and fertile. Pop. 1,344. 

Bristol, t. and p. v., Kenosha co., Wise. : on Dcs Phiines 
r, 133 m. E. S. E. Madison. Pop. 1,225. 

Bristol Centre, p. o., Ontario co., 2Z. Y. : 192 m. W. 
Albany. 

Bristolville, p. v., Trumbull co., Ohio: on Grand r., 
144 m. N. E. Columbus. 

Bristolyillh, p. v., Bai^y co., Mich. 

Briston, p. v., Elkhart co., Ind.: on the line of the In- 
diana Northern K. E., and S. of St Josei* r., 1-33 m. N. 
Indianapolis. 

Beitton's Neck, p. o., Marion dist., S- Car.: 112 m. E. 
Columbia. 

Bbi-xton, p. v., Alexandria co., Virg. : 9S m. N. Rich- 
mond. 

■ BnoAnAi.niN, t. and p. v., Fulton co.,^'; F. ; 86 m. N. "W. 
Albany. Pop. 2,474. 
80 



Broad Brook, p. o., llarlford co.. Conn. 
Bkoad Creek, hund., Sussex co., Del. : between Broad 
cr. and Nanticoke cr, and contains 60,S60 acres. Pop. 2,712. 
Broad Creek, p. o.. Queen Anne co., Md. 
Broaoford, p. v., Sniylh co., Virg. 
Bboadkiln, hund., Sussex co., Del. : jn the N. E. part of 
the CO., and contiiins S,91G acres. Pop. 8,927. 
Broad Mou.ntain, p. >>., Schuylkill co., J'enn, 
Broad Oaks, p. o., Pope co., III.: 272 m. S. Springfield. 
Broad Eippi-e, p. o., Marion co., Ind. ; <m a cr. of Broad 
r., OS m. N. E. MiUedgeville. 

Broaj) river, Go. : one of the W. branches of Savannah 
r., which it enters at Petersburg. 

Bkoad river. .S'. Ctir. : an arm of the Atlantic, between 
Port Royal Island and the main. Beaufort is situated on 
this river. 

Broad river, Z^. Car. : rises in North Carolina, and, re- 
ceiving the Pacolet and Tiger rivers, unites with the Saluda, 
above Columbus, forming the Congaree. 

Broad rivc-r, p. o., Elbert co., Ga. : on tho N. side of 
Broad r., 67 ni. N. E. Milledg-eviUe. 

Broad Top, p. o., Huntingdon co., Penn.: 74 m. "W. 
Harrisburg. 

Broadway, p. o., "Warren co., jVI Jer. : on the line of the 
Morris Canal, 87 m. N. by 'W. Trenton. 

Broadwell, p. o., Harrison co., Ki/. : 82 m. N. E. 
Frankfort. 
Bro^k, p. o., Darke co., O?iio: 84 m. "W. Columbus. 
Erockawayville, p. v., Jefferson co., Pemi.: 154 m. 
W. N. W. Harrisburg. 

Brockett's Beidge, p. o., Fulton co., A^ K : 73 m. 
■W. N. "VV. Albany. 

Brockport, p. v., Monroe co., N. T. : on tho Erie Canal, 
217 m. \>. Albany. It has some manufactures, and a 
weekly newspaper, the '• B. Watchman." 

Brock's Crobsimg, p. o., St. Croix co., Wise. : 212 m. N. W. 
Madison. 

Brock's Gap, p. c, Rockingham co., Virg. : 102 m. 
N. "W. Richmond. 

Broke:* Arkow, p. o., SL Clair co., Ala. : lOS m. N 
Montgomery. 

Broken Sword, p. o., Crawford co., Ohio: 62 m. N 
Columbus. 
Bronson, p. o., Huron co., Ohio : 73 m. N. Columbus. 
Bronbon's Prairib, p. 0., Branch co., Mich, : 97 m. S. W. 
Lansing. 

Brookdale, p. 0., M'Henry co., Ill, : 278 m. N. N. E. 
Springfield. 

Brooke county, Virg, Situate N. W., between the Ohio 
r. and the Pennsylvania State line, and contains 154 sq. m. 
Surface uneven, and soil fertile. Iron ore and bituminous 
coal are abundanU Farms 2S4; manuf.20; dwell. 839, and 
pop.— wh. 4,923, fr. col. 100, si. 81— total 5,054. CapiUil: 
■\Vcll9burg. Puhlic Works: Pittsburg and Stcubenville 
E. R. 

Erookfield, t and p. v., Fairfield co.. C<ntJi. : on Still r., 
a branch of Housatonic r., 42 m. S. W. llarlfurd. The Hou- 
satonic E. E. passes through it, 29 m. N. Bridgeport. 
Pop. 1.360. 
Bbookfielu, p. v., Leo co., HI.: 196 m. N. Springfield. 
Erookfield, t. and p. v., Worcester eo., Ma-aa. : 68 m. W. 
Boston. 

Erookfield, t and p. v., Carroll co.. A'! Hamp. : 31 m. 
N. E. Concord. Near the centre of the t is a pond, the 
source of the W. branch of Salmon Fail r., and there is a 
still larger pond on the N. W., which empties into Winni- 
piseogee Lake. Pop. 552. 
BttooKFiELD, p.v., Jackson co., la. : 58 m. N. E. Towa City. 
Erookfield, p. v., Madison co., 2^. Y. : on Unadilla r., 
58 m. W. Albany. The tribut^irics of the Unadilla furnish 
fine mill sites. 

Bkookeield, t. and p v., Trumbull co., Ohio : on « 
branch of Sfaenango cr., 153 m. N. E. Columbus. P. 1,451. 



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Bbookfikld, t. nnd p. v., Tioga ax, Ptmit. : on Cowa- 
nesque cr. of Tioga r., 142 m. N. N. W. Harrisburg. 

BnooKFiELD, t. nnd p. v., Orange co., Vei-m. : 19 m. S. 
Monlpelier. Several ponds in this t. are sources of tributa- 
ries of White r. Marl is abundant. Pop. 1,672. 

Eeookfield, t and p. v., Waukeslia co., Wi^sc. : on Fox 
r., lOS m. E. Madison. The Milwaukie and Mississippi 
E. E. passes throvigli the L, 20 m. W. Milwaukie. P. 1,9;J9. 

Beookhaven, p. v., Lawrence co., Miss. : on a head 
stream of Bogue Cliitto, 76 m. S. Jackson. 

Brookhaven. t., Suffolk co., y^. T. Pop. S.51}". * 

BuooKLANDViLLE, p. V., Baltimore co., Jf(L: on the line 
of the Westminster Branch li. K., 17 ni. from Baltimore. 

Brookun, p. t., Hancock. CO., Jle. : 62 m. E. Augusta. 

Bbooklin, p. v., Clark co., Mo. : 133 in. N. E. Jefferson 
City. 

Brooki-ine, p. v., Madison co., G<t.: on the W. side of 
the middle f.-rk o! Droad r., 71 m. N. N. E. Milledgeville. 

Br.oOKLiNK, t. and p. v., Norfolk co., Ma.%-i. : 3 ni. W. by 
8. Boston. It is chiefly occupied by the aristocracy of Bos- 
ton, who have country scats and villas in thi.s locality. 
Pop. 2,.MP. It is reached by the Western Avenue and li.K. 

Brookline, p. v., Jackson par.. La. : 156 m. N. W. Baton 
Kouge. 

Brookline, t and p. o., Hillsborough co., JVI /lamp.: S3 
m. S. by W. Concord. Pnp. 718. 

Brooklinb, t. and p. v., Windham co., V^rin.: 86 m. S. 
Montpelier. Pop. 2S5. 

Brooklyn, p. v., Conecuh co., Alti. : on the W\ side of 
Conecuh r.. 7S ra. S. by W. Montgomery. 

Brooklyn, p. v., Campbell co., A'y. ; 5S m. N. N. E. 
Frankfort. 

Brooklyn, t. p. v., and cap. Windham co., Conn.: on 
Quinnebaug r., aS m. E. by N. Hartford. Pop. 1,515. 

Brooklyn, p. v., Schuyler co., //^. ; on W. side of Crooked 
cr., 97 m. W. N. W. Springfield. 

Beooklyn, p. v., Noxubee co.. Miss, : 112 m. N. E. 
Jackson. 

Brooklyn, p. v., Jackson co., Mich. : on Groose cr. of 
the N. branch of Raisin r., 44 m. S. by E. Lansing. 

Brooklyn, p. oily, and cap. Kings co., X. Y. : on the W. 
end of Long Island, opposite New York City, 145 m. S. 
Albany. Pop. in 1810, 4,402 ; in lv>(), 7475 ; in 1S30, 15,396 ; 
in 1840, 36.2:33; and in 1850, 96,!^33. It is now the eighth, 
in regard to population, in tlie Union, and the second in 
the State. Dwell., in 1850, 10,197. Value of real estate 
$32,010,711, and of personal property $3,950,589. 

Brooklyn was originally built on very uneven ground, 
and still— although the grades have been greatly leveled— 
retains many of the natural beauties for which it was so 
pre-eminent. The Heights of Brooklyn, seen JVora the 
New York side of the East Kiver, are unrivalled as city 
Bcenerj', and there are also, farther back, eminences which 
afford fine localities for residences. The streets are regu- 
lariy laid out, and are from 60 to lOD feet wide ; and on the 
whole, no other city of the Union has so many substantial 
and handsome public buildings. The City Hall is a fine 
marble structure, at the head of Fulton-street, and the bank- 
ing houses, school-houses, and churches are elegant and 
commodious. It is £A-^ city of churches. The city is divi- 
ded into eleven wards, and governed by a mayor and 
common council, and in its police arrangements is much 
superior to the neighboring city of NewYork. It is lighted 
throughout with gas, which has also been generally intro- 
duced into the dwellings of the rich ; and there is a project 
on foot liir introducing into the city a supply of water from 
the S. side of Long Island. At present, water is supplied 
from the public pumps or cisterns; and in case of an ex- 
tensive fire, there is not a sufficiency. The charter officers 
of the city are the mayor, complroller, street commissioner, 
commissioner of repairs and supplies, collector of taxes, and 
chi^-r of police; and for each ward an aldennan and assist- 
ant aldenurin, a supenLsor, an assessor, a commissioner 

6 



of excise, and constable. These arc electLxl by the citizene, 
and form respectively boards intrusted with the city gOT- 
ernment. The city clerk, the attorney and counselor, the 
health officer, the city treasurer, the sealer of weights and 
measures, the clerk of police and justices courts, the city 
surveyors, etc., are appo'uited by the common council. For 
police purposes, the city is divided into four districts, each, 
except the first district {which has 48), having 32 police- 
men, under a captain and two assisUint captaiiLs. 

The commerce of Brooklyn is relatively large; but asth^ 
city is within the collection district of NewYork, no separate 
returns are made in the published accounts. The rivvr front 
of the city is literally fringed with wharves, and backed by 
extensive warehouses, while the Atlantic Dock and lis im- 
mense stores enhance the importance of its shijiiiing facili- 
ties. The dock contains 42} acres, and the pier front, facing 
on Buttermilk Channel, has a length of 3.000 feet. Ships 
of the largest size enter it, and unload into the adjuining 
stores by means of patent cranes, worked by steam-jiower. 
Other dock facilities are about to be built bcyon<i Red 
Hook. There are four banks in the city, two savings' in- 
stitutions, and four flre insurance companies, with numerous 
other associations for commercial and economical purposes. 
Its churches number 63, of which 11 are Episcopal, 7 Ro- 
man Catholic, 6 Baptist, 6 German Reformed, 5 Congrega- 
tional, 7 Pn-sbytcrian, 11 Methodist Episcopal, and each 
iine, African Methodist Episcopal, Universalist, Unitarian, 
Friends, Sailors' Bethel, Congregational Methodist, Ameri- 
can Primitive Methodist, Protestant Methodist, Second 
Advent, and Reformed Presbyterian. The city contains 
thirteen school districts, which ars under the superintend- 
ence of the Board o£ EducalioiL It also constitutes one 
colored school district. The public schools are entirely 
free to children residing within the respective districts in 
which the schools are located. Each district contains a 
valuable district library, the use of the books being free to 
all the inhabitants of the district, both male and female. 
In the larger districts the libraries number between 3,000 
and 4,000 volumes each. Academies and high schawls for 
youth of both sexes.are also very numerous, and are gen- 
erally well and ably conducted. The Brooklyn Institute, 
Washington-street, is one of its highest institutions, and has 
connected with it a Youths' Free Library, and free lectures 
and concerts are given during the winter. Among the 
benevolent institutions of the city, the most conspicuous 
are the City Ilospitid, Raymond -street, and the Dispensary 
in Pineajiple-strect. 

In the east part of Brooklj'n is the United States' Navy 
Yard, situate on the Walhdiout. It covers some 40 acres, 
and contiguous thereto are mooring grounds, etc. The 
yard is inclosed on the land side by a high brick wall, and 
within are large ship-houses, timber sheds, store-houses, 
workshops, etc. ; and an immense Dry Dock, the greatest 
work of the kind within the United States, has been lately 
completed. The Naval Hospital, half a mile east of the 
yard, occupies a oommauiling eminence, and is surrounded 
by a fine park and grounds, about S3 acres in extent. 

The Greenwood Cemetery, on Gowanus Heights, in the 
S. part of the city, is one of the most picturesque and beau- 
tiful burial-plots any where to be fouml. It occupies near- 
ly Sno acres of land, and is laid out in avenues, embellished 
by shade trees anii shrubt>ery. The surface is of every va- 
riety, interspersed with ponds and lakelets, and from its 
higher parts commands an extensive view of the harbor, and 
the scenery of the Ion cr Hudson. Its monuments, erected in 
memory of the dead, some at the expense of the public or 
societies, and others in commemoration of private friendships 
or relations, are of everj- description, but chiefly of white 
marble, and finely sculptured. Altogether, it is the most 
extensive an<l most bcaulifid cemetery within the borders 
of the Union, and is an esUiblishment of which the city 
may well be proud. 

J-^or so large a city, Brooklyn is but pooriy represented by 

SI 



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its press, a fact accounted for by its proximity to New Tork 
City, the literary as well as the coniraercial emporium of 
America. Four papers are published daily, tlie *' B. Star," 
and the " B. Advertiser" (whig), the "Daily Freeman" 
(indep't.), and the " B. Eagle" (dem.) ; and the papers pub- 
lished weekly are the "Long Island Star" (whig), and the 
" Independent" (temperance), and there is also a weekly 
edition of the "Eagle." The New York papers are deliv- 
-ered here to citizens at the same time as in New York ; 
and as these generally contain more extended accounts of, 
and comments on current affairs, and are conducted with 
more skill and talent, they have a much larger circulation 
than the BrookljTi papers. The nearness of New York, 
indeed, affects every grade and profession in the same 
manner : few of the richer classes purchase Iheir goods or 
provisions in Brooldjn ; and hence no department of life 
has the same vitality as it would have if the wealthy could 
be induced to purchase of their neighbor, instead of giving 
the proflt of their custom to the traders of the neighboring 
city. In many respects, however, BrookljTi is only a sub- 
urb of the metropolis— a residence for business men, and 
not a mart of commerce. 

BrookI\-n is connected wiih New York by five ferries: 
Ilamilton Avenue Ferry and South Ferry (Atlantic-street), 
run to Whitehall, in N-ewYork; Fulton Ferry, from foot 
of Fulton-street, BrookljTi, to FuIIon-street. New York ; 
Catharine Ferrj', from foot of Maine-street, Brooklj-n, to 
Catharine-Btreet, New York ; and Jackson Ferry, from foot 
of Jackson-street, Brooklyn, to foot of Governeur-street, 
New York, The steamboats on these ferries are all of the 
first class, and commodious for carriages and wagons as 
■well as passengers. The fare on the three first is one cent 
for each passenger. 

Brooklyn was the scene of stirring events at an early stage 
of the lte^■olutiona^y AVar. In August, 1776, this part of 
Long Island became the seat of strife, and the fortifications 
then thrown up by the patriots may still be seen, but are 
now undergoing the process of demolition to extend city 
improvements. The principal of these is Fort Green, 
which will hence be known as Washington Bark, and 
which will be devoted to recreation and health. Near the 
Navy Yard is the tomb in which are deposited the remains 
of 11,000 Americans who perished in the prison ships 
moored in the bay during the Revolution. At the conclu- 
sion of peace, in 17S3, Brooklyn contained only 5C houses ; 
nor was it until the pefiod between 1*^20 and 1S30 that it 
began to receive the overflowing population of Now York. 
Bince then it has rapidly increased, and in all probability 
the census of 1S60 will find it a city of 200,000 souls. The 
only drawback, indeed, to its unlimited settlement, seems to 
be the want of a sufficient supply of water for so large a 
population as circumstances would indicate to be its destiny 
to contain. 

Brooklyn, t and p. v., Cuyahoga co., Ohio: on a cr. of 
Cuyahoga r., 120 m. N. E. Columbus. The Cleveland and 
Columbus R. R., and Cleveland and Sandusky R. R. pass 
through the t immediately west of Cleveland. Pop. fi,3T5. 

BnoOKLYN. t, and p. v., Susquehannah co., Ptvin.: 132 
m. N. N. E. Harrisburg. 

Brooklyn, p. v., Halifax CO., Virg. : 97 m. S. W. Rich- 
mond. 

Bbookneal. p. v., Campbell co., T7rf7. ." on the N. side 
of Roanoke r., 92 m. W. by S. Richmond. 

Brooks, t. and p. o., Waldo co., Me. : 37 m. E. by N. 
Augusta. 

Beook's Grove, p. o., Livingston co., 2^. Y. : 212 m. W. 
Albany. 

Brook's, p. o., Jasper co., Tnd.: 96 m. N. W. Indian- 
apolis. 

Brook's Tan Yard, p. o., Macon co., Tenm.: 49 m. 
E. N. E. Nashville. 

Broofsville, p. v., Blount co., Aki. : on a cr. of Ten- 
QCbscc r., 128 m. N. by W. Montgomery. 



Brooksville, p. v., Randolph co., Oa.: 133 m. S. W 
M i Hedge ville. 

Brooksville, t. and p. v., Hancock co.. Me. : on E. sido 
of Penobscot Bay, 49 m. E. Augusta. The t. occupies a 
peninsula navigable on three sides. Bop. 1,333. 

BnooKsvTLLE, p. o., Albcmarle co., Vir(j. : on the Virgi- 
nia Central E. R., SI m. N. W. Richmond. 

Bkookville, p. o.. Ogle co., JU. : on E. side of Elkhom 
cr., 226 m. N. Springfield. 

Brookvtli.e, t., p. v., and cap. Franklin co., hid.: be- 
tween the forks of Whitewater r, about 2 m. N. of their 
junction, and 63 m. E. S. E. Indianapolis. It also lies on 
the Whitewater Canal, 81 m. from Lawrenceburg. Its 
manufactures are considerable. Two newspapers, the 
" Franklin Democrat" and the " Indiana American" (whig), 
are published weekly. 

Brookville, p. 0., and cap. Bracken co., Ky. : 62 m. N. E. 
Frankfort. 

Brookville, p. v., Montgomery co., Md.: on Ecedy cr. 
of Patuxent r., 37 m. N. W. Annapolis. 

BnooK'^aLLE, p. v., Noxubee co., Miss. : lOS m. N. E. 
Jackson. 

Beookvtlle, p. v., Marion co.. Mo.: on 9. side of South 
Fabiug r.. 93 m. N. by E. Jefferson City. 

Brookville, p. v., Granville co.. A'". Car.: 47 m. N. 
Raleigh. 

Brookville, p. v., Genesaee co., JV". T. : 226 m. W. 
Albany. 

Bbookville, p. v., and cap. Jefferson co., Penn. . on N. 
branch of Red Bank cr. of Alleghany r., 156 m. W. N. W. 
Harrisburg. It is a flourishing village, and has two news- 
papers, the " Jeffcrsonian" (dem.) and the "Jefferson Star" 
(whig), issued weekly. Pop. 763. 

Brookville, p. v., Jefferson co., la. : 93 m. S. by W. 
Iowa City. 

BcooME county, A^ Y. Situate S. W. middle, and con- 
tains G27 sq. m. Drained by Susquehanna r. and its tribu- 
taries, Chenango, Tioughnioga, Nanticoke. Surface bro 
ken and hilly, with extensive and fertile valleys bordering 
the streams. Timber plentiful ; salt and sulphur springs 
occur in several parts. Farms 2,497; manuf 229; dwelt 
5.G51, and pop.— wh. 30,241. fr. col. 419— total, 80.660. Cap- 
ital : Binghampton. Puhlic Woi-lcs : Chenango Canal ; 
New York and Erie R. R. ; and several railroads to Alba- 
ny, L^tica. and SjTacuse (in progress). 

Broome Centre, p. o., Schoharie co., K. Y. : 28 m. S. W. 
Albany. 

Br.OTZMANviLLE, p. V., WarfCH CO., K. Jer. : on the E. 
side of Delaware r., 57 ra. N. by W. Trenton. 

Brower, p. o., Berks co., Penn, : 54 m. E. N. E. Harris- 
burg. 

Brower'8 Mills, p. o., Randolph co., 2/. Car. : 73 ni. 
W. Raleigh. 

Brown county, Pi. Situate W. on Illinois r., and con- 
tains 30? sq. m. Drained by Crooked and M'Kee's creeks. 
Surface undulating prairie, with bottoms and bluffs along 
the Illinois. Farms SIS ; manuf. 73 ; dwell. 1.353. and pop. 
— wh. 7,1=4, fr. col. 14— total, 7,193. Cajntal : Mount Ster- 
ling. 

Brown county, l7id. Situate S. centrally, and contains 
320 SQs m. Surface hilly, with fertile valleys and rich bot- 
toms. Timber abundant ; com and hemp grow well in the 
bntloms; wheat, oats, and grass on the hills. Drained by 
Salt cr. and its tributaries, and Bear Blossom cr. Farms 
535 ; manuf ; 5 ; dwell. 790. and pop.— wh. 4,S27, fr. coL 
19— total 4,f>46. Capital: Nashville. 

Brown county, Ohio. Situate S. W. on Ohio r., and con- 
tains 4fiS sq. ni. Drained by White Oak, Spaight, Eagle, 
and Red Oak creeks. Surface generally level — on the Ohio 
somewhat broken; soils fertile, producing fine crops of 
wheat, Indian com, oats, and tobacco. Farms 1,^3; manuf. 
92: dwell. 4.S3S, and pop.— wh. 26,520, fr- col. 812- total 
27,882. Capital: Georgetown. 



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Bp.owx county, ]f7w. Situate N. E., at the head of Groc-n 
Eay, and contains 472 sq. m. Surface divcrsitieil, with 
woodland and prairie, and soil excellent. Farms 190; 
manuf.'iT; dwell. 1,003, and pop.— wh. (5,173, fr. onl. 42— 
total G.215. Cajrital : De Pcre. 

Erownfield, I. and p. v., Oxford co., ^fe.: on Saw r., 
63 m. "W. S. "\V. Au^'usta. Pop. 1,320, 

Bkowniielm, t. and p. v., Lorain co., Ohio: on Vermil- 
lion r. of Lake Erie, 104 m. N. by E. Columbus. V. 1,0S2. 

Browning, p. o., Schuyler co., III.: S9 m. Y/. N. W. 
SprinL'ficlii. 

BnowNiNGTon, L and p. v., Orleans co., Verm. : on Wil- 
louffliliy cr. of Barton r., 39 m. N. N. E. Montpelier. TIic 
Connecticut and Passumsic Kivcrs P. P. passes throug:h 
the t. Pop. 613. 

BuowNiXGTox, p. v., Butler co., Peim. : VJ'i m.^^'. l>y N. 
Harrisburg. 

Brownington Centre, p. v., Orleans co., Verm. : 39 m. 
N. N. E. Montpelier. 

BnowN'3, p. o., Fairfield dist., S. Car.: 29 m. N. Co- 
lumbia. 

Brown's Bluff, p. o., Sumfcr co., Ala.: on Tombigbce 
r., luS m. AV. by N. Montgomery. 

BnowNSBORorGH, p. v., Oldham co., -ffy. : on the line 
of the . Louisville and Frankfort P. P., 37 m, N. V^. 
Frank forL 

Brownsburg, p. v., Hendricks co., /«(?. ; 13 m. N". W. 
Indianapolis. 

Brownsdueg, p. T., Bucks co., Pcjin.: on "^. side of 
Delaware r., 123 m. W. IXarrisbura:. 

Brownsburg, p. v., Pockbridge co., Virg. : lOG m. "W. 
by N. Pichmond. 

Brown's Corner, p. o., Kennebec co., Me. : G m. distant 
from Augusta. 

Br.owN's CaV'e, p. o., Albemarle co., Virg. : 71 m. W. by 
J. Pichmond. 

Brown's Grove, p. c, Hamilton co., Ohio : ISG m. S. "W. 
Columbus. 

Brown's Mills, p. o., Washington co., Ohio: 99 m. 
E. by S. Columlms. 

Brown's Mills, p. o., Burlington co., X. Jcr. 

Brown's Store, p. t., Warren co., Ohio: S"2 m. S. "U". 
Columbus. 

Brownstown, p. v., Sevier co., A/-1:: 133 m. "W. S. ^X. 
Little Pock. 

Brownstown. p. v., and cap. Jackson co., Ind. : on the 
E. side of a branch of E. f.rk of White r.. 61 m. S. Indian- 
apolis. The "Jackson County Advocate'' is published 
weekly. Pop. 1,732. 

Brownstown, t. and p. v., Wayne co., 3fich. : on 
Lake Erie and Detroit r., 82 m. E. S. E. Lansing. The 
V. is located on a cr. of the same name, 2 m. fVom the 
lake. Pop. 1,047. 

Brown's Vallkv, p. o., Montgomery co., I/id. : 42 in. 
W. by N. Indianapolis. 

Brownsville, p. o., Talladega co., Ahi. : 6S m. N. Mont- 
gomery. 

Brownsville ( foi'iiwrb/ GRXjiit Prairie), p. v., and cap. 
Prairie co., ArK: 

Brownsvillf., p. v.. Union co., Ind.: on E. fork of 
White r.. and on the line of the Junction R. P.. C4 m. 
E. by S. Indianapolis. 

Brownsville, p. v., and cap. Edmonson co., Ki/,: on 
the S. side of Green r., 102 m. S. W. Frankfort. 

BiiowxsviLLE, p. v.. Cameron co., Tea". ; on the N. bank 
of the Rio Grande, somewhat below Malamoras, 326 m. S. 
Austin City. It is a flourishing v., and has considerable 
commerce with the river to^^iie. Fort Brown was located 
here, and gives name to the v. The " Bio Grand Sentinel" 
and " American Flag" are weekly newspapers published 
here. 

Brownsvillf.. p. v., Piscataquis co., J/>. ; on Pleasant r. 
of the Piscataquis, 73 m. X. E. Augusta. 



, WasbingL-n co., ML: 73 m. X. W. 



Brownsville, p. 
Annapolis. 

BR0^VNSVILLE, p. V., Hiuds CO., JfifiS. 

Browns^tlle, p. v., Saline co., Jfo. : on N. side of Black 
r., SS m. W. by N. Jefferson City. 

Brownsville, p. v., Granville co., X. Car. : on Grass cr. 
of Poanoko r., 49 m. N. Raleigh. 

Brownsville, p. v., Johnson co., Arl: : 86 ni. W. N. W. 
Lillle pock. 

Brownsville, p. v.. Licking co., Ohio: 26 m. E. Co- 
lumbus. Pop. -is;0. 

Brownsville, p. v., Fayette co., Penn.: on the I', bank 
of Monongahela r., at the mouth of Redstone cr., 1>9 in. 
W, Ilarrisburg. The National Koad here crosses the r. by 
a tino bridge. Three newspapers, the " B. Free Press" ;iud 
the " B. Herald" (both whig), and the " Cumberland Pres- 
byterian." are published weekly. Pop. 2.3r9. 

BRowNS^^LLE, p. v., Marlborough dist.. S. Car. 

BnowKsviLLK, p. v., and cap. Haywood ro., Tenji.: 14G 
ra. W. by S, Nashville. The line of the Mobile and Ohio 
R. R. will pass through or near this village, pop. 971. 

Brownsville, p. v. Windsor co., Verm. : 4$ m. S. Mont- 
pelier. 

Browntown, p. v., Bradford co., Penn.: 123 ni, N. 
Ilarrisburg. 

Brownville, t. and p. v., JetTerson co., K. Y. : on Lake 
Ontario, N. of Black r., 14S m. N. E. Albany. Tho Cape 
Vincent Extension of the Watertown and Rome R. R. 
passes through the v., 76 m. from Rome and 21 m. fi-(»in 
Cape Vincent. The lower falls of Black r. furnisli exten- 
sive water-power, and below them the river is navigable 
from the lakes. Pop. 4,2S2. 

Brownville, p. v., Ogden co., IftaJi Ter. 

Erucetuwn, p. v., Frederick co., Virg.: 122 m. N. W. 
Riehmon<i. 

IIrfoeville, p. v., Knox co., Ind.: on the E. side Wa- 
bash. 4 m. from the river and 92 m. S. W. Indianapolis. 

Briteville, p. v., Carroll co., MO. : on Bi-g Pipe or., TiO 
m. N. W. Annapolis. 

Bruckville, p. v., Morgan eo., PI. : 34 n\. W. by S. 
Springfield. 

Bkcin, p. 0., Carter co., Ky. : 110 m. E. Frankfort. 

Bruin, p. o., Butler co., Penn. : 198 m. W. Ilarrisburg. 

BRL^NGT0N, p. v., Klug 3nd Queen co., Virg. : 4-3 m. 
N. N. E. Richmond. 

Brlin's Cross Roads, p. o., Parke co., Tn-h : CO m. AV 
Indianapolis. 

Brllv Landing, p. o.. West Baton Rouge par., T.n. 

Br.i'MFiELi'ViLLE, p. V., Berks co., Penn. : 56 m. Y.. N. E. 
Harrisburg. 

Bru.mmel's, p. o., Davidson co., N. Cor. : 94 in. W. 
llaleigh. Pop. 169. 

Bkuneusulko, p. v., Defiance co., Ohio: 114 m. N. W. 
Cohmibus. 

BnuNEusTOWN, p. v., Putnam co., ///r7. ; 44 m. W. by S. 
Indianapolis. 

Bri-nswick county, K Car. Situate S. E. corner, and 
contains 1.340 sq. m. Drained by tributaries of Cape Fear 
r., whicli forms its E. border, «nd Waccaniaw r. Surface 
flat and marshy, and soils indifferent. Rico and pine are 
the staples. Farms 38."i; manuf. SO; dwell. 771, and pop. 
— wh. 3.6ol, fr. col. 319. si. 3,302— total 7,272. CapiLil: 
Sniithville. 

Bri:nswick county. Vrg. Situate S. of Nottaw.ny r., ami 
contjiin^ 6S0 sq. m. Drained by the head waters of i_')n>\van 
r. Surface diversified, and soils of moderate ferlilily, pro. 
during abundantly In<lian corn, oats, and tobacoo. Farms 
G.V) : nianiif. ii : dwell. 1.051, and pop. — wh. 4,59.'>, fr. col. 
543. si. S.4o6— toUiI 13,894. Capital : LawrcnceviHo. 

Brunswick, p. v., port,«nd cap. Glynn co., O-r. : on the 
IC. side of Turtle r., 163 m. S. E. Milledgeville. Us harbor 
is "paciou^, safe, and is accounted the best S. of .Masmi and 
Dixon's line. Ships drawing not more than 13 feet can 



BRU 



BUG 



pass the bar at low tide. The v. is 13} m. above the bar and 
S m. above the lighthouse on St. Simon's Island. The ship- 
ping or the district in 1S50 was 533 tons. The Brunswick 
(?anal extends to the Alataniaha r. 12 in., and it is proposed 
to l)uild a railroad from Brunswick to Thomasville, with a 
brunch to Tallahassee, and other branches from Troupville 
to Albany and from Thomasville tn Bainbridge on Flint r. 
These, when completed, will raise Brunswick to a high rank 
as a Southern port. 

Brunswick, p. v., Peoria co., HI.: 93 m. N. by "W. 
opringfield. 

Brunswick, t. and p. v., Cumberland co., Me, : on An- 
droscogpn r., near its mouth, 29 m. S. by W. Augusta. 
Lat. 430 r)3' N. and 69° 55' 01" W. The r. furnishes a navi- 
gation for steamers and extensive mill-power. Large 
quantities of lumber are brought to this pt>rt from the bord- 
ers of the Androscoggin, and a great deal is sawed at this 
point. A bridge connects it with Topsham, over which 
the Kennebec and Portland II. K. passes, 27 m. from l*ort- 
land, a branch of which li. R. also runs to Bath, 9 m. 
Bowdoin College, founded 1794, is located here, and has a 
medical school. Pop. 4,976. 

Brunswick, p. v., Chariton co., 3[o. 

Brunswick, t. and p. v., Medina co., Ohio: 104 m. N. E. 
Columbus. Pop. 1,417. 

Brunswick, t. and p. v., Essex co., Venn. : on Nulhe- 
ghan r. and Paul's stream of the Connecticut, 54 m. N. E. 
Montpclier. Two considerable ponds He in the town, dis- 
charging their waters into the Connecticut Pop. 119. 

Brush Creek, p. o., Randolph co., N'. Car. : 37 m. N. 
Taleigh. 

Brush Ckeek, p. o., Perrj' co., Ala. : 62 m. "W. by N. 
Montgomery. 

Bbcsii Creek, p. o., Knox co., lU. : lOS m. N. N. "W. 
Springfield. 

Beusu IIill, p. o., Du Page co., HI.: 232 m. N. E. 
Springfield. 

BBusnLiND, p. o., Delaware co., N. Y. : 62 m. S. W. 
Albany. 

Brush Kun, p. o., "Washington co., Pervn. : 203 m. "W. 
Harrisburg. 

Brush Mills, p. o., Franklin co., 2^. Y. : on the line 
of the Northern (Ogdensburg) E. R., 68 m. from Rouse's 
Point and 49 from Ogdensburg ; and 149 m. N. N. Vt. 
Albany. 

Brush Valley, p. o., Indiana co., Peivn. : 142 m. W. by 
N. Harrisburg. 

Beukhville, p. v.. Queen's co., K. Y. : on the line of the 
Long Island R. R., 14 m. from Brooklyn, and 148 S by E. 
Albany. 

Brushy Creek, p. 0., Anderson dist., -S". Car. .• lOS ra. 
N. W. Columbia. 

Brushy Flat, p. 0., "Watauga co., K. Car. 

Brushy Fork, p. o.. Coles co., lU, : on Brushy fork of 
Embarras r., 107 m. E. Springfield. 

Brurih' Prairie, p. o., La Grange CO., Jjid.: 128 m. 
N. by E. Indianapolis. 

BnuYNSwicK, p. v., Ulster co., JV. Y.: 74 m. S. by W. 
Albany. 

Bryan county, Ga. Situate S. E. on the Atlantic, and 
contains 472 sq. m. Drained by Cannouchee and Ogecchee 
rivers. Surface low and flat, with much swamp ; soils 
ligjit and s:mdy. Farms 209, dwell. 212, and pop.— wh. 
1.1 G4, fr. col. 15, si. 2,245— total 3,4W. Capital: Eden. 

Bryan, p. v., Saline co.. Mo.: on a or. of Salt fork of 
Black r., 76 m. W. by N. Jefferson City. 

Bryan, p. v., and cap. Williams co., Ohio : on Lick cr. of 
Tiffin r., 132 m. N. W. Columbus. The "Family Visitor" 
(dem.) is puhlinhed weekly. 

Bryansburcii, p. v.. JefTerson co., Ind.: on the E. of 
Big er., 91 m. S. E. Indianapolis. 

Bryantown, p. v., Chark-s co., 3fd. : 36 m. S. W. Anna- 
polis. 

84 



I Brtansville, p. T., York co., Perm. : 22 m. 8. Harris- 
burg. 

Bryant's Creek, p. o., Monroe co,, Ind. : 4S m. S. W. 
Indianapolis. 

Brvantsville, p, T., Lawrence co., Ind.: 63 m.S. by W. 
Indianapolis. 

Bryantsville, p. v., Garrard co., Ay.: 42 m. S. S. E. 
Frankfort. 

BuciiANAN county, la. Situate E. centrally, and c* ntains 
676 sq. m. Drained by Cedar and Wabesipinicon rivers. 
Surface rolling — chiefly prairie, and soils rich. Farms 4o : 
manuf. 1 ; dwell. 74, and pop. — wh. 517, fr. col. — total 517. 
Capital: Independt-nce. 

Buchanan county. Mo. Situate N. "W., on Missouri r., 
and contains 320 sq. m. Drained by Little Platte r. and ita 
affluents. Surface generally prairie, with some woodland. 
Soils excellent. Farms 1,258 ; manuf. 89 ; dwell. 2,030, and 
pop.— wh. 12,072, fr. col. 11, si. 902— total 12,975. Capital: 
Sparta. 

Buchanan, p. v., Alleghany co., Pert/n. : 183 m. "W. by N. 
Harrisburg. 

Buchanan, t. and p. v., Berrien co., Mich. : on the W. 
side of St. Joseph's r., 86 m. "W. S. "W. Lansing. 

Buck, p. o., Lancaster co., Penn. : 42 m. S. E. Harris- 
burg. 

Buckatuney, p. o., Clark co.. Mist. : on Buckatoney r., 
106 m. E. by S. Jackson. 

Buck Branch, p. o., De Kalb co., III.: on Somouauk 
cr., 212 m. N. E. Springfield. 

Buck Bridge, p. o., St. Lawrence co., 2^. Y. : on Grasse 
r., 153 m. N. N. W. Albany. 

Buck Creek, p. o., Tuscaloosa co., Ala.: 104 m. N, "W. 
Montgomery. 

Buck Creek, p. o., Scriven co., Ga. : on a cr. so called 
of Savannah r., 114 m. E. by S. Mitledgeville. 

Buck Cbef^, p. o., Greene co., /w7. ; C9 m. S. S. "W. 
Indianapolis. 

Buck Eye, p. 0., Laurens co., Ga. : on a cr. so called, 83 
m. S. E. Milledgeville. 

Buck Eye, p. o., Garrard co., Ky. : 44 m. S.S. E. Frank- 
fort. 

Buck Eye, p. o., Putnam co., Ohio: 102 m. N. W. Co- 
lumbus. 

Buck Eye Cottage, p. 0., Perry co., Ohio : 38 m. E. by 
S. Columbus. 

Buck Eve Furnace, p. o., Jackson co,, Ohio: (jii m. 
S. S. E. Columbus. 

Buck Eye Town, p.o., Frederick co., Md. : 68 m. N. W. 
Annapolis. 

BucKFiEUJ, t. and p. v., Oxford co., Me, : on a branch of 
the Androscoggin r., 31 m. "W. by S. AugusUu A branch 
of the Atlantic and St. Lawrence B. R., 13 m. long, reaches 
this place ft-om Mechanic's Falls, 36 m. Portland. P. I,r5 1 

Buck Grovk, p. o.. Rush co., Ind. : S3 m. E. S. E. 
Indianapolis. 

BucKHANNON, p. o., Lcwis CO., Virg. : 194 m. W. N. TV. 
Richmond. 

Buck Heap. p. o., Morgan co., Qa. : on Oconee r., 27 ra. 
N. Milkdgcville. 

Buck Head, p. 0., Fairfield dist, iS. Car. : 89 ra. N. by "W. 
Columbia. 

Buck Head Causey, p. o., CoUeton disL, S. Car.: 106 
m. S. by E. CoIuiDbia. 

Buck Hollow, p. o., Franklin co., Venn. : 42 m. N.N.W. 
Montp flier. 

BucKUOKN. p. o., Winston c«.. Miss. : S2 m. K. E. Jack- 
son. 

Buckuorn. p. o.. Brown co., P}. : 88 m."W. by N. Spring- 
field. 

BucKiioRN, p. o.. Carroll co., Ga. : 117 N. "W. Milledge- 
ville. 

IJucKHORN, p. o., Bienville par.. La. : 1S7 m. N. "W, 
Baton Rouge. 



BUG 



BUF 



BuCEnoK.v, p. o., Columbia co., Penn. : 73 m. N. by E. 
Harrisburg. 

Buckingham county, Virg. Situate centrally, S. of James 
r.,and contains 520 sq.m. Drained by tributaries of James 
r. Surface undulalina: and variims, and Ihc soils ordinarily 
fertile. The productions are wheat, Indian corn, oats, and 
tobacco, with some cotton. Farms 616; manuf. 5; dwell. 
1,062, and pop.— wh. 5,426, fr. col. 250, si. S.161— total 13,S37. 
Ciipifnl : Maysvillc. Fttldic Works : Eiclimond and Lynch- 
burjr K. R. 

Buckingham, t. and p. v., Bucks co., Pmn, : 112 m. E. 
Harrisburg. The inhabitants are ciiicfly Quakers. 

Buckingham, p. v., and cap. Buckingham co., Virff.: 62 
m. W. Uichniond. 

BucKLAXD, t. and p. o., Franklin co., Sfass.: on S. side 
of Deerfield r., 91 m. "W. Boston. Pop. 1,056, 

BucKLAND, p. o.. Prince William co., Vir{/. : on the 
N. side of Occnquan r., S4 m. N. by W. Richmond. 

BucKLAND, p. v., Hartford co., Conn. 

BucKLLv, p. v.,Winncbago co., I!L : 267 m. N. Springfield. 

Buck Point, p. o., Jackson co., Tenn. : 67 m. E. N. E. 
Nashville. 

Buck Peairie, p. o., Lawrence co.. 3fo. : on N. side 
of Honey cr., 138 m. S. W. Jefferson City. 

Buckram, p. v., Queens co., 3'. Y. : on Beaver Dam cr., 
122 m. S. by E. Albany. 

Bucks county, Penn. Situate S. E. on Delaware r., and 
contains M6 sq. m. Drained by Neshaminy and Tohickon 
creeks, and the head waters of Perkiomen cr. Surface 
hilly, or rather rolling, but beautifully diversified, and soils 
of average ferlilily. "Wheat and other grains are heavy 
crops. The county is noted for its pottt-ry. Farms 4,707; 
manuf. 636 ; dwell. 9.757, and pop.— wh. 54,366. fr. cn|. 1,725 
—total 56,091. CopiUil: Doylcstown. PuUic ![(»/•/:.•*; Nor- 
riatown, Doylcstown, and New Hope E. R. ; Trenton and 
Philadelphia E. R. ; and Delaware Division of Pennsylva- 
nia Canals. 

Bucks, p. v., Columbiana co., Ohio : 123 m. N. R 
Columbus. 

Buckskin, p. o., Gibson co.,/rtc7. ; 112 m. S. W. Indiana- 
polis. 

BucKSPORT, t. and p. v.. Hancock co.. Jfe. : on E. side 
of tlie Penobscot r.. 56 m. E. by N. Augusta. It has a fine 
harbor and considerable trade, especially in lumber. A 
ferry is established on tlie river. Pop. 3,3S1. 

BucKSPOKT Centre, p. o., Hancock co., Me. : 59 m. E. by 
N. Augusta. 

BrcKSTowN, p. v., Somerset co., Penn. : lOS m. W. by S. 
Harrisburg. 

BucKSviLLE, p. v., Bucks CO., Penn.: 112 m. E. Harris- 
burg. 

BCCK6TILLE, p. V., Horry disL, S. Cur. : 113 m. E. 
Columbia. 

BuckTootii, p. o.. Cattaraugus co.. y. Y. : 256 m. W.S.W. 
Albany. 

Bucyrus, t, p.v., and cap. Crawfonl co., Ohio : on the S. 
side of Sandusky r., 56 m. N. Columbus. Il is one of the 
most flourishing towns of the State, an<i has considcraDle 
trade, being central in a fine agricultural region. The 
"People's Forum"' (dem.) is publishi.-d weekly. The line 
of the Ohio and Inrlinna R. R, intc-rsects it. Pop. 2,315. 

BuEL, p. v., Montgomery eo., jV". Y.: 52 m. W. N. W. 
Albany. 

Buesa Vista county, la. Situate N. W., and contains 
576 sq. m. Taken from Pottowatlomie in 1851. 

Bueka Vista, p. o., Carroll co., Tenyi. : S6 m. W. by S. 
Nashville. 

BuENA Vista, p. o., Prince George co., .TId. : .32 ra. 
S. W. Annapolis. 

BuENA VrsTA, p. v., Atlantic co., ^V; Jer. : 49 m. 8. S. E. 
Trenton. 

BtTKNA ViSTA, p. o., DupUn CO., JV: Car. : 71 m. S. by E. 
Baleigh. 



o., Portage co., irwc. .' 14S m. N. 



BuENA Vista, p. o., Jeffersou co., fnd. : 76 nu S. by E. 
Indianapolis. 

BuENA Vista, p. o., Washilii eo.. Ark: : S2 m. S. by W. 
Little liock. 

Buf.na Vista, p. o. Harrisi u eo., K>j. : 44 m. E. by N. 
Frankfort. 

Buena Vista, p. o., Monroe co., Ahi. ; 71 m. S. W. Moul- 
gomery. 

BuENA Vista, p. o., Stephenson co., lU.: 273 tu. N. 
Sprhig field. 

BuENA Vista, p. o., Platte eo.. Mo.: 156 m. \i . by N. 
Jefferson City. 

BuEXA Vista, p. o., Chickasaw co., MIsh. : 132 ni. N. E. 
Jackson. 

BuKNA Vista, p. o., Clinton co., la.: on the N. -side of 
Wapsijiinicon r. of the Mississippi, 42 m. E. by N. lowu 
City. 

BuKNA Vista, p. o., Shelby co., Tex.: 231 m. E. N. E. 
Austin City. 

BuENA Vista, p. o., Greenville dist., S. Car. : 9S m. 
N. W. Columbia, 

BuENA Vista, p. o., Marion co., Ga.: 78 m. S. W. Mil- 
led geville. 

BuENA VisTA, p. o., Holmes co.. Ohio : 6S m. N. E. 
Columbus. 

EUENA VlSTA, p. 

Madison. 

BuENA Vista Furnace, p. o., Rockbridge co., Virg.: 
113 m. W. by N. Richmond. 

BuENA Vista Springs, p. o., Logan vo.^Ki/.: 144 ru. 
S. W. Frankfort. 

Buffalo, p. v., Washita co., Arl: : S6 m. S. by W. Lillle 
Roek. 

Buffalo, p. v., "White co., Ind. : on the E, side of Tippe- 
canoe r., S3 m. N. W. Indianapolis. 

Buffalo, p. v., and cap. Dallas co.. Mo. : S3 m. S. by W 
Jefferson City. 

Buffalo, post city, port uf entry, and cap. Erie co., 
a: )'. ; at the outlet of Lake Erie, and llie bead of Niagara 
r.. 254 m. W. Albany. Tlie city lies on Buffalo cr., whieli 
falls into the lake, and eonsliluti-s its harbor. The tiistance 
to Albany by railroad is 323 m., and by canal 364 ni. Lat. 
42^ 53' N., and I.mg. 7S^ 55' W. Pop. in 1S40, 1S,2I3, and 
in l'^50. 42.260. 

Buffalo is tiio great entrcpfit Itctwceii the norlh-wcsl and 
the slates of the Atlantic sea-board— the gate through which 
the bulk of conimereial material must puss for a market. 
Its position is unriv.^lell on llie lakes, ami from the ailvaul- 
ages possessed by its pert it has become the rendezvous 
for a vast tonnage employed on these wrsti-rn waters. The 
harbor is spacious and safe, the creek having a 'leplh of 13 
or 14 feet for a mile up, and being from 12 to 16 rods wide. 
Its only obstruction is the snnd and cravel at its mouth, 
driven in by gales of wiu'l, but this di-f.-ct has been obvia- 
li"*! by the extension of u pier 1.5uii feet It.nir from the S. side 
of the entrance. This pier, wliioh iias a IlL'lii-houso at its 
end, operates as a breakwater, and, by cnntining tlio creek, 
has cleared its elumncl, so that vessels drawing S feet pass 
in without dilTieuity. The increasing commerce of the 
port, however, demanila greater accommo4lations, and 
several valuable in>provenienls are projected in the har- 
bor. 

The land on which the city is built rises by a very gentle 
ascent two miles from the water, and from its higher parts 
affords fine views of the neighboring scenery, tlie lake, tiio 
Niagara River, an<i Canada shore being within the view. 
The city is Iai«l out in broad and regular streets, which 
contain numerous elegant stores, large warehouses, depfils 
of railroads, etc.. and most of the dwellings are substantial 
and neat. There are three public squares, which ad*! nuieli 
to the salubrity and beauty of the city. The public build- 
inss are a court-house, jail, and other county ofllocs, two 
markets, the city offices, churches, banks, etc. The Roman 

65 



BUF 



Catholic Calhedral, a new edifice, is one of the finest tem- 
ples in America. 

The city is divided into five wards, and is governed by a 
mayor and common council. The charter ofliecrs are a 
comptroller, treasurer, surveyor, etc., and in cacti ward arc 
health inspectors, and other officers. The courLs are the 
County Court, the Kecorder's Court, and the Police and 
Justices' Courts. In the I'irc Ucjiarlmcnt there are nine 
engine companies, two hook and lailder, and a ho.se com- 
pany. Water is supplied to the citizens through pipes, and 
the streets are lighted with gas. Among the benevolent 
institutions of the city, the most conspicuous are the Orphan 
Asylum, the City Hospital, the Hospital of the SLsters of 
Charily, the Female Orphan Asylum, and llie Association 
for the Relief of the Poor. The city is well .su])plied with 
common schools, open to all children, and has many highly 
efficient academies and private schools. 

The University of Buffalo was chartered in lS46,and ha.s 
a medical department. The Toung Men's Association, 
established in 1S.55, is one of the best literary societies in the 
State, and has a fine library of 6,000 or 7,000 volumes, and 
a eelect cabinet of mineral and zoological specimens. 
During the winter, a series of lectures on literary and sci- 
entific subjects are delivered by eminent professors. The 
German Young Men's Association is a similar institution, 
and has in its library nearly 2,000 volumes, chiefly valuable 
works in the German language. The rooms of both these 
are amply supplied -with periodicals and newspapers. 

The press of Buffalo consists of the " B. Commercial Ad- 
vertiser," the oldest daily paper in the city : a tri-weekly edi- 
tion is also issued ; the " Patriot and Journal," weekly ; the 
" 'Western Literary Messenger," monthly ; the " B. Medical 
Journal and Monthly Review;" the B. Daily Courier," of 
which tri-weekly and weekly editions jirc al.so published ; 
the " Morning Express," daily, tri-weekly, and weekly ; 
the " B. Republic," daily and weekly ; the " Daily Queen 
City ;" the " Evangelical Christian," semi-monthly ; the " B. 
Christian Advocate;" the "Wool-Grower and Magazine 
of Agriculture and Horticulture," monthly; the " B. Path- 
finder," weekly; and the following, which are German 
publications : " Der Weltburger," semi-weekly and week- 
ly ; the " B. Telegraph," weekly; and the "B. Democrat," 
daily and weekly. 

There are in the city about 40 churches: 3 are Episco- 
pal, 4 Presbyterian, 1 Associate Reformed Presbyterian 
(Scotch). 1 Reformed Presbyterian, 1 colored Presbyterian, 
6 Methodist Episcopal, 4 Baptist, 1 Unitarian, 1 Universal- 
ist, 7 Roman Catholic, 1 Lutheran, and 7 or 3 German 
churches of various denominations. 

The commerce carried on between Buffalo and Canada, 
in ISoO, amounted to ^527,270, of which 1220,196 was tlie 
value of exports, and *307,074 of imports ; and the ship- 
ping employed in the transit of the merchandise repr«enl- 
ed by tliese values, was— American vessels cleared, 2S2 
(29,690 tons), and entered, 246 (2C,-352 tons) ; and British 
vessels cleared, 466 (78,897 tons), and entered, 473 (75,640 
tons). Total clearances, 743 vessels (103,59.) tons), and 
total entrances, 719 vessels (101,992 tons). The value of 
imports fivjm domestic lake ports, was $22,525.7n1, and of 
exports, $44,501,787. The arriv.ils, coastwise, numbered 
8,65S vessels (1,255,430 tons), and the clearances, 8,599 ves- 
sels (1,263.907 tons). The value of merchamlise delivered 
by the Erie Canal, was $41,859,270, besides which the rail- 
road from Albany delivered goods to the value of $6,041,456. 
Er>rming the material of this commerce, we find the sugars 
of Louisiana, the cottons of Tennessee and Mississippi, the 
hemp of Kentucky, the furs of Missouri and the distant 
West, the copper of Lake Superior, the lead of Wisconsin, 
the agiicultural and forest products of all the St.ites border- 
ing on the lakes, the manufiiclures of New England and 
New York, and a small amount in bond and otherwise of 
Canadian products. The imports into Buffalo, in 1850, 
trom the Western Slates, consisted in part of 1,103,089 bar- 

8a 



BUF 

rels of flour, 3,681,346 bushels of wheat, 2,693,378 bu>hel3 
of Indian corn, 52,124,275 feet boards and scantling, 
19.9SS.962 staves, 4,568,000 shingles, 161,110 boxes and 
3,153 casks of cheese, 40,135 kegs and 2,203 barrels of but- 
ter, 63,807 bales of wool, lo.lSO sheep, 46,448 live and 7,420 
slauglitcred hogs, etc. The exports consisted of the prop- 
erly landed at Buffalo from the Erie Canal, the Albany and 
Buffalo Railroad, and the manufactures and proiluctions 
of the city itself; of these, castings, agricultural imple- 
ments, furniture, dry goods, groceries, etc., formed the great 
bulk, but iucludeil was almost every thing that is known to 
commerce. (For a/ull account of the cmnmerce of Liifa- 
lo, coimdt Aiulmcs' Iteport of the Trade mid Commerce 
of the British North American Colonial with the United 
States, etc., presented to the U. S. Senate [Dec. 23] j/i 1851.) 
The shipping owned in the collection district of Buffalo, 
on the 30lh June, 1850, amounted to 89,679 tons, all of the 
class "permanent enrolled, and licensed," of which 23,083 
tons were propelled by steam, and the whole engaged in 
the coasting trade. The number of vessels built in the 
year ending at the same dale, was 7 [1,730 tons]— 1 brig, 2 
schofiners, and 4 steamers. 

Bufl'alo has 10 banks, and one savings' institution ; also, 
including agencies, 44 fire, marine and life insurance com- 
panies. 

The railroads uniting Buffalo with Canada, tlie Great 
West, and the States eastward, are magnificent works. 
Those pointing east, are the great line terminating at Alba- 
ny, and there connecting with the New England and 
Southern New York roads, and the navigation of the Hud- 
son; and the several lines uniting witli the New York and 
Erie R. R., known as the Bufl'alo and New York City R. 1!., 
and the Bufl'alo, Corning, and New York R. E. The West 
is reached by the Bufl'alo and State Line R. R., which con- 
nects with the system of roads in Ohio and the other lake 
States, and extends to the Mississippi River ; and Canada 
will be reached by the Bufl'alo and Brandtford E. R., the 
Great Western E. R., and others now being constructed. 
I'.ailroads also run to Niagara, Lewistown, etc. There are 
also several plank roads centering in Bufl'alo, and reaching 
back to the principal villages in tlie county. 

Buffalo was founded in ISOl by tho Holland Land Com- 
pany, but for a long period it made little progress, since in 
1S14, when burned by the British, it did not contain more 
than 200 houses ; nor was it until the Erie Canal opened a 
navigable passage from the lake to the Hudson River, that 
it exhibiteil any uncommon rapidity of growth. Since that 
period, however, its prosperity has been unbounded, ami its 
rise in tlie scale of importance as a commercial city has 
been such as its original founders could never have dreamed 
of. It now ranks as the fourth city of the State, and the 
iwelfth of the United States, in respect of population, and in 
a commercial point of view is surpassed by only three or 
four of our sea-board ports. 

BuFP.iLO, p. t, Guernsey CO., Ohio : on Buffalo fork of 
Seneca cr., 09 m. E. Columbus. Pop. S34. 

BuFF.vw, I. and p. o., Washington CO., reim. : 1S9 m. W. 
Harrisburg. 

Bi'rp-Ai.0, p. v., Perry eo., Tenn. : on Buffalo r. of the 
Tennessee, 03 m. W. S. W. Nashville. 

BuFP.\i.o, p. v., Putnam eo., )'»'(/. -• on tho E. side of 
Great Kanawha r., 253 m. W. by N. Richmond. 

Buffalo, p. v., Henderson co.. Ten: : on the N. bank 
of Trinity r., 216 m. N. by E. Austin City. 

Buffalo City, p. v., Marion co.. Ark. : 104 m. N. Little 
Eock. 

Buffalo Ckeuk, p. o., Campbell Co., Tenn. : on a cr. so 
called of Ihe S. fork of Cumberland r., 132 m. E. by N 
Nashville. 

BcTFALO Cross Eoads, p. o., Union CO., Penn. : 63 m 
N. bv W. Harrisburg. 

Buffalo Fokd, p. o., Wythe co., Tirg.: 203 m. W. by 3. 
Eichmond. 



BUF 



BUR 



Brrr'ALO Ford, p. o., iiuddolph cu., iV. C<ir. : G'J m. AV. 

Brri-'ALO Forge, p. o., Kockbridge co., V/rff. : on Buffalo 
cr.. 123 m. "\V. llichinoiui. 

Buffalo Grove, p. o., Ogle co., III. : on Elkhom cr.. 227 
m. N. Springfield. 

Bl'ffalo Heart, Sangamon co., ///. ; 23 ni. X. E. Spring- 
floUl. 

EuFF.vLO IIiLL, p. 0., Ofangc CO., iV; Car. : 42 m. N. W. 
Ealeigh. 

Buffalo Lake, p. o., Marquette co., Wise. : on lUe lake 
80 called, 91 ra. N, Madison. 

Buffalo Plains, p. o., Erie co., 21. 1'.; 249 m. ^\'. 
Albany. 

Buffalo PBAmre, p. v., Bock Island co., 7?/.; 130 ni. 
K. X. W. Springfield. 

Buffalo liuN, p. o., Centre co., Penn. : 67 m. W. N. W 
Ilarrislnirg. 

Buffalo Run, p. o., Monroe co., Vir<j. : 16S m. 'VN'. 
Richmond. 

Buffalo Sprixgs, p. o., Amherat co., Virg.: 92 m. "W. 
Rictimond. 

BuFoRD, p. v., Ohio CO., Ky. : 124 m. W. S. W. Frank- 
fort. 

Bcforp, p. v., Highland co., Ohio : 73 m, S. W. Co 
lumbus. 

Bitord's, p. 0., Bedford co., Virg. : 123 m. W. Rich 
mond. 

Bufhrd's Bridge, p. o., Barnwell diat., S. Cur.: on Sal- 
kawatebie r., 62 m. S. Columbia. 

BuGGABo, p. o., 'Wilkes co., iV. Car.: 136 m. W. by N. 
Kaleigb. 

Bug Hall, p. o., Macon co., Ala. : S4 m. E. S. E. Mont- 
gomery. 

EuLAH, p. o.. Obion co., Teim. : 164 m. "W. Nashville. 

Bulger's Mills, p. o., Coosa co., Ala. : 32 m, N. Mont- 
gomerj'. 

BuLi.BON-us' Grove, p. o., Will co., III. : 213 m. N. E. 
Springndd. 

Bull Creek, p. o.. Wood co., Virg. : 243 m. W. N. W. 
Richmond. 

Bullion, p. o., Waukesha co., IVisc. : 86 ra. E. Madison. 

Bullitt county, Ky. Situate X.. and contains 24s sq. m. 
Drained by Salt r., which traverses it from E. to W. Sur- 
face generally rolling, but in N. E. uneven ; soils moderately 
fertile. Wheat, oats, and corn are the principal products. 
Some salt is made in the county. Farms 562; manuf. 14; 
dwell. 970, and pop.— wh. 5,392, ft-, col. 27, si. 1,355— total 
6,774. Capital: Shepherdsviile. Public Works: Louis- 
ville and Nashville R. R. (projected). 

Bull Maiii. p. o., Taney co., Mo. : on Bull cr., 137 m. 
S. by W. Jefferson City. 

Bullock county, Ga. Situate S. E., and contains S64 
sq. m. Drained by tributaries of Ogeechee r., which 
bounds the county N. E., and Connouchee r., which lies on 
the S. W. Surface low and sandy, and soils indifferent. 
Cotton is the chief product. F.irnis412; manuf. 3; dwell. 
477, and pop.— wh. 2,S40, fr. col. 0, si. 1,400— total 4,300. 
CajnUd: Statesboro*. 

Bullock Crf.ek, p. o., York dist., S. Car.: on a cr. so 
called of Broad r., 71 m. N. by E. Columbia. 

Bull Run, p. o., Grainger co., Tc-nn. : on Bull Run cr. of 
Qinch r., 159 m. E. Xashville, 

Bull's Head, p. o., Duolioss co., K Y. 

Bull Swamp, p. o., Orangeburg dist., S. Ca,r. 

Bulltows. p. v., Braxton co., Virg. ; on Little Kana- 
wha r., IfS m. W. N. W. Richmond. 

Eullville, p. v.. Orange ca, X. T. : 04 m. S. by W. 
Albany. 

BuNCOMB. p. o., Tontoloc co.. Jfixs. : 152 m. N. E. Jackson. 

Buncombe county, Li. Situate X. W., and contains 720 
sq. m. Taken from Pottowattomie in 1S5]. 

Buncombe county, X. Car. Situate W., between Blue 



Ridge and Stony mis., and contains 900 sq. m. Drained by 
French Broad, a tributary of Tennessee r. Surface, an ele- 
vatcfl tabk-Iand, m ilh fine VidlL-ys, and a soil of good qual- 
ity. Black mln., 0,470 ft-et high, the loftiest summit of the 
Ailcghanics, \h's in llie X. part of the county; and there i.s 
a warm spring in the S. W. Grjuing is the chief occupa- 
tion, but considerable grain is produced. Farms 1,105; 
manuf. 19; dwell. 1,942, and pop.— wh. 11,601, fr. col. 107, 
si. 1,717— total 13,4'-5. Capital: Ashcville. 

BuNco.MBE, p. v., Walton co., Ga. : 62 m. N. W. Mi!- 
ledgc^ille. 

Bundysbcrqh, p. v., Geauga co., Ohio: 142 m. N. E. 
Columbus. 

Bungef.'s Mill, p. o., Greenbrier co., Virg. : 163 m. W. 
Richmond. 

Bunker Hill, p. o., Macoupin co., HI.: on the line of 
the Terre Haute and Alton R. It., 33 m. S. Springfield. 

BuNtER Hill, t. and p. v., lughain co., Mich.: 22 m. 
S. Iiy E. Lansing. Pop. 374. 

Bunker Hill, p. o., Bucks co., Pen/i, : 10'3 m. E. by N. 
Harrisburg. 

Bunker Hill, p. o., Bedfurd co., Virg. : 116 m. W. by S. 
Ricliraond. 

Bunker's Hill, p. o., Catawba co., X. Cur. : 142 m. W. 
Raleigh. 

Bunker's Hill, p. v., Giles CO., Tenn.: 67 m. S. by W. 
Nashville. 

BuRitois (Boufbeuse), p. o., Franklin co.. Mo. : on a cr. 
so called, 5t m. E. by S. Jefferson City. 

BuRUANK, p. o., Wa}iie co., Ohio: S6 m. X. E. Columbus. 

Bukcuville, t. and p. o., St. Clair co.^Mtch.: 104 m. 
E. by X. Lansing. Pop. 472. 

Burdett, p. v., Tompkins co., X. Y. : on the E. side of 
Seneca Lake, 157 m. W. by S. Albany. 

Bureau county. III. Situate N. mid«lle, and contains 
S64 sq. m. Drained by several tributaries of tlie Illinois 
r., which washes its S. E. border. Surface level or undu- 
lating — in some parts wet, and the soil is everywlicre fertile. 
Groves of timber and prairies are frequently met witli. 
Farms 741; manuf. 20; dwell. 1,464, and pop. — wh. S.S31, 
fr. col. 10— total S,841. Capital : Princeton. Public M'url-^ : 
Central E. R. ; Chicago and Rock Island R. R. ; and Aurora 
Extension R. R. 

Burgess' Store, p. o., Northumberland co., Virg. : 53 
m. E. N. E. Richmond. 

BuRGETTSTowN, p. V., Washington co., Penii.: 1S7 ra. 
W. Harrisburg. 

BuEKE county, Ga. Situate E., between Savannah and 
Ogeechee r., and contains 9S0 sq. m. Drained by Brier 
and Beaver dam creeks of the Savannah and Buckhead cr. 
of the Ogeechee. Surface varied, and soils of average fer- 
tility, producing largely of cotton, Indian com, etc. Farms 
712; manuf. 41; dwell. 1,017, and pop.— wh. 5,116, fr. coL 
162, si. 10,S32— total 16.100. Capital: Waynesboro', Pub- 
lic }yorks: Burke County R. K. and Central Georgia R. R. 

Burke county, X. Car. Situate W. ceiilnilly, and con- 
tains S40 sq. m. Drained by Catawba r. Surface elevated, 
and in the X'. W. mountainous. Wheat, corn, oats, and 
tobacco are largely produced, and much attention is paid to 
live-stock. Farms 373 ; manuf. 22 ; dwell. 933, and pop.— 
wh. 5,477, fr. col. 163, si. 2,132— total, 7,77'3. Capital : Mor- 
gan town. 

Burke, t. and p. o., Franklin co., X. Y. : on Chateauguay 
r., 148 m. N. Albany. The Northern (Ogdejisburg) It. R. 
passes through the village, 49 m. from Rouse's Point and 
69 from Og<lensburg. Pop. 2,777, 

Burke, t. and p. o., Caledonia co., Venn.: on branches 
of Passumsic r., 34 m. N. E. Montpelier. Burke Mountain 
in the S. E. of the town, is 3,500 feet high. Pw, l.ii';.;. 

RuRKE'e Garden, p, o., Tazewell CO., Virg.: 236 m. W. 
Richmond. 

Brr.K-sviLLE. p. o., and cap. Cumberland co., Kij. : on 
the N. aide of Cumberland r., 103 m. S. by W. Frankfort. 

&r 



BUR 



BUR 



BiTRKESviLLE. p. V., Pfince Edward co., Virg. : 54 m. 
"W. by S. Eiehmoiid. 

BuBKEViLLE, p. V., and cap. Newton co., 7f%r. : on Little 
Cow cr. or Sabine r., 232 m. E. by N. AusMn City. 

BuRKiTreviLLE, p. V., Frederick co., Jfd.: 64m. N. W. 
Annapolis. 

BuitKiTT6TiLLE, p. V., AtUla CO., Jfiss. : 73 m. N. N. E. 
Jackson. 

BcBLESON county, Teoc. Situate centrally, on W. side of 
Brazos r., and contains about 1 .100 sq. m. Drained by 
Cedar er. of tlie Brazos, and by Davidson's, First, Secon<l, 
and Thiril forks of Yeg^ua cr.. wliieli ft)rms its S. border. 
Surface nndulaling, risine; to tlie N., and prairie interspensed 
with woodland. Soils famous for fertility. Farms ll.'j; 
dwell. 2^, and pop.— wh. 1,213, fr. col. 0, si. 500— total 1,713. 
Capital: Caldwell. 

Burleson, p. v., Franklin eo., Ala.: 1G9 m. N. W. 
Montgomery. 

Bt'RLiKGHAM, p. v., Panola co., Miss. : 153 m. N. N. E. 
Jackson. 

BuRLiNunAM, p. v., Sullivan co., Nl V. 
' BuRi.iNGii.vM, p. v., Meigs co., Ohio: 7S m. S. E. Co- 
lumbus. 

Burlington county, JV' Jer. Situate S., extending frnm 
the Delaware r. to the Atlantic. Draineil by Assunipink, 
Crosswick's, Black's, Craft's, Assiseunk, Kancocus. and Fen- 
saukin creeks of the Delaware, and Wading r. of Little Egg 
Harbor r. Surface level ; soils various, from sand to loamy 
gravel and clay. Bog-iron ore and pine wood abundant ; 
also marl. In Springfield there is a petrifying well. Farms 
1,63S; manuf. 452; dwell. 7,356, and pop.— wh. 21,194, fr. 
col. 2,009, si. 0— totid 23,203. Coj/iUi! : Mount I lolly. /*»?;- 
Uc Worl's : Camden and Amboy R. U. and Mount Ilolly 
Branch R. R. 

BcTELiNGTON, t. and p. v., Ilarlford co.. Conn.: on Far- 
mington r., 19 m. "W. Hartford. Fop. 1,161. 

Burlington, p. v., East Baton Rouge par,, La.: cm 
Amitie r., 16 m. N. E. Baton Rouge. 

Burlington, p. v., Carroll eo., Ind. : on S. side of Wild 
Cat r. 4S m. N. by W. Indianapolis. 

Burlington, p. o., Kane co., ///. ; 162 m. N. N. E, 
Springfield. 

Burlington, p. city, and cap. Des Moines co., /((. ; on 
the W. bank of the Mississijipi r., 24S m. a! ovc St. Louis, 
and 62 m. S. S. E. Iowa City. The land on which the city 
Is built rises gradually from the river to hills, which form 
an amphitheatre around it. It has many fine public odl- 
flces, several mechanical and manufacluring eslabli^h- 
nienls, and a large commerce. Three newsp.ipers are pub- 
lished, the -'Telegraph," tri-wcckly and weekly; and the 
"B. Hawk Eye" (whig\ and the "Slate Gazette" (dcm.), 
weekly. One of the Pacific lines of railroad will probably 
have ils E. terminus at this point, Burlington was former- 
ly the State capital; it was lai'l out in 18.S3. and in I'^.'iO 
contained a population of 5,129, being the largest city of 
the State. 

BiTKLiNOTON, t>- V., and cap, Boone co,, Ky. : 57 m. N. by 
E. Erankfnrl. The '' B. Advertiser" (whig) is published 
weekly. 

Burlington, t. and p. o., Penobscot co., Me.: 92 m. 
N. E. Augusta. Pop. 4S1. 

Burlington, t. and p. v., Calhoun co., Mich. : on St. 
Joseph r., 49 m. S. S. "W. Lansing. Pop. 811. 

Burlington, t. and p. v., Middlesex co., Mass. : on Shaw- 
sheen r., 14 m. N. W. Boston. Pop. 547. 

Burlington, t., p. city, and port of entry, Burlington co., 
y. Jer.: on the E. side of the Delaware, opposite Bristol, 
13 m. S. by W. Trenton, and on the Camden and Amboy 
E. R., 16 m. from Camden. The city is encircled S. and 
E,, by a small stream, so as to form an island, which is 
connected with the main by bridges and causeways. Bur- 
lington was founded 167s. and incorporated 17S4. The 
shipping of the district in 1S50 amounted to 7,578 tons. It 
S8 



has a newspaper, the " B. Gazette." published weekly ; aad 
some nianufaelures and eommereo. The official residence 
of the Protestant Episcopal Bishop of New Jersey ia at 
Riverside in this city. Fop. 5,39S. 

Burlington, t. and p. v., Otsego co., JV. Y. : 68 m. W. 
Albany. Poi>. 1.S55. 

Burlington, p. v., and cap. Lawrence co., Ohio: on the 
N. bank of Ohio r., at the extreme S. point of the State, 
108 m. S. by E. Columbus. It lias various manufactures 
and several puldie buildings ; and enjoys considerable com- 
merce with the river towns. Pop. ?,529. 

Burlington, t. and p. v., Bradford co., Penn. : on Sugar 
cr., 1(12 m. N. Harrisburg. 

Burlington, t, p. city, port of entry, and cap. Chitten- 
den CO., VentK: on Lake Champlain, 31 m. W. N. W. 
Montpelier. Lot 44° 17', and long. 72° 86' W. The vUIage 
is situate on a bay, which, in the form of a reguL-ir curve, 
sets up a little on the E. side of the lake ; on the S. the 
level is low, but on the N. rises to a high bluff, which, dur- 
ing the war of 1S12, was strongly fortified. The streeJs crosa 
each other E. and W. and N. and S., forming regular 
squares. Near the centre is a fine area on which the C. 11. 
is located. Many of the houses are handsome structures, 
generally surrounded by shrubberj", with gardens in the 
rear; and there are commodious str)res and warehouses. 
It is the largest and most convenient place in the State, and 
has a constant connection with the railroads leading through 
New England to Canada and the Great AVest. The lake is 
here 10 m. wide, and the harbor is protected from W. winds 
by a breakwater. The scenery on all sides is magnificent, 
c(^»mbining lake and mountain views of great beauty and 
sublimity. The public buildings are the University of 
Vermont: it is an efficient and well-endowed institution, 
and has a medical department; the co. buildings, banks, 
eluirehcs, and several academic edifices. In the neigh- 
borhood are several flourishing manufacturing villages, 
cliii'fiy on Winooski or Onion r. Three newspapers are 
publislK'd here, the "B. Sentinel" and " B. Free Press," 
daily and weekly, and the " Courier," weekly. The ship- 
ping owned in the district in 1S50 amounted to 4,530 tons, 
of which 3,096 tons waS navigated by steam. The clear- 
ances in the foreign trade in 1&49-50, amounted to a42 ves- 
sels, measuring 82,556 tons, and the entrances to 404 vessels, 
measuring 99,435 tons. The collection district of Burling- 
ton comprises the whole lake shore of Vermont. Pop, 
of t. 7,505. 

Burlington, p. ;t., Racine co.. Wise Pop. 1,629. 

Burlington Flatts, p. o., Otsego co., JV. Y. : on Whar- 
tons er. of XTnadilla r., 72 m. W. Albany. 

BuRNERSViLLE, p. V., Barbour co., Virff. : 178 m. N. W. 
Richmond. 

Burnett, t and p. v.. Dodge co., Wise. : 86 m. N. E. 
Madison. Pop. 816. 

Burnett Cornt:r, p. o., Dodge co., Wise. : 89 m. N. E. 
Madison. 

Burnett's Creek, p. o., White co., Itid.: 92 m. N. W. 
Indianapolis. 

Buknham Village, p. v., Waldo co.. Me. 

Burning Spring, p. o., Wirt co., Virg. : 228 m. W. N. W. 
Richmond. 

Burns, t. and p. v., Alleghany co.. iV. Y. : on Canascra- 
ga cr., 217 m. W, by S. Albany. The Buffalo and New 
York City R. R. passes through the village, 8 m. from llor- 
nellsville. Pop. 961. 

Burns, t and p. v., Shiawassee co,, Mich. : on Shiawas- 
see r., 34 m. F. Lansin^ . Pop. 717. 

Bup.ss. p. v., Henry co., III.: 102 m. N. by W. Springs 
field. 

Burnsi'^e, p. o., Clearfield co., Penn.: 12S ra. W. by N. 
Ilarrisburg. 

Bin:NS' Level, p. o., Cumberland co., JV^. Car. 

BuRSsviLLE, p. v., and cap. Yancey co., JV^ Car. : 203 m- 
W. Raleigh. 



BUR 



BUT 



BuE^•s^^LLE, p. v., M'Donough co., W. : 107 m. N. W. 
Springfield. 

BuENSviLLE, p. v., Dallas co., Ala. : 59 m. W. Mont- 
gomery. 

BuKXT Cabins, p. o., Fulton eo., Penn. : 74 m. W. S. W. 
Harrisburg. 

BuKNT Corn, p. o., Monroe co., Ala.: 74 m. S. S. W. 
Montgomery. 

Bup-NT ilii.L-S, p. o., Saratoga co., -V. 3'. ; 23 m. N. 
Albany. 

lit'RNT Okdinary, p. o., Janics City co., Virg. : 40 ra. E. 
by N. Richmond. 

Bi'KNT Prairie, p. o.. White co., ///. : 19S m. S. E. 
Spriugfiyld. 

BiTi'.NT Quarter, p. o., Dinwiddle co., Virg. : 3S m. 
S. S. W. Pviehmond. 

Burnt Shop, p. o., Orange co., -V. Citr. 

Bl'knt Stand, p. o., Carroll co., Ga. : 112 m. N. W. Mil- 
led gevi He. 

BuESTviLLK, p. v., Brunswlck co.. Virg. : 62 m. S. S. W. 
Eiehmond. 

BrR Oak, p. o., Mercer co., Mb.: 152 m. N. N. W. Jef- 
ferson City. 

Bi'KRiLLriLLR, t, and p. v.. Providence co., H. I. : om 
Branch r. of the Blackstone, 17 m. N. W. Providence. It 
has excellent water-power and some manufactures. Pop. 
3,53>. 

Burr Oaks, t. and p. o., St, Joseph co.. Jficft. : on Prairie 
r., 74 m. S. S. W. Lansing. The Michigan Southern II. P. 
passes through this place, 110 m. from Monroe, and 133 m. 
from Chicago. 

BiTKR'fi Ferry, p. o., Sabine par.. La. : on the Sabine r., 
210 ni. N. \V. by W. Baton Pouge. 

Burr's Milis, p. o., Jcffersou co., Ji. Y. : 133 m. N. W. 
Albany. 

BcEESviLLE, p. v., Caroline co., Jfd.: 44 ni. E. S. E. 
Annapolis. 

Bt RRSviLLE, p. v., Kussell CO., Ala. : 73 ra. E. Mont- 
gomery. 

BuREViLLE, p. 0., Litchfield co., Caim.: on the line of the 
Naugatuck P. P., 67 m. from Bridgeport, and 23 m. W. by 
N. Hartford. 

BtTRSONviLLE, p. V., Bucks CO., Pejui. : 108 m. E. Har- 
risburg. 

BtrRTON, p. v., Adams co.. III. : 126 m. W. Springfield. 

Burton, t. and p. v., Cattaraugus co., A'i 5'. : {S'^<? Alle- 
OHANV). Pop. 1,037. 

EuRT-JN, t. and p. v., Geanga co., Ohio : on Cuyahoga r., 
141 m. N. E. Columbus. P<.p. 1,064. 

Burton'6, p. 0., Tishemingo co., Miss. : 206 m. N. E. 
Jackpon. 

Burton's Corners, p. o., Boone co., lU. : 292 m. N. by 
E. Springfield. 

BuRTONS^^LLE, p. v., Montgomery co., J\' 5'.; 32 m. "W. 
by N. Alliany. 

Bi'RTONSviLLK, p. V., Daricn co., Ktj. : Vl^ ni. "W. by S. 
rr3nkft)rt, 

BuRToxTON, p. v., Copiah co., 3fim. : on Bayou Pierre, 
3S m. S. W. Jackson. 

BuRTviLLE, p. v., M'Kean co., Pt-nn. 

BcRWELL's bay, p. o., lale of Wight co., Virg. : on a bay 
of James r. so called, 63 m. S. E. Richmond. 

Bl-shatville, p. v., Houston co., Ga. : 42 m. S. W. Mil- 
led^eville. 

Bc<=H Kii.i., p. o.. Pike co., Peiiv.: 142 m. X. E. Har- 
risbiir:!. 

Bushnell's Basin, p. o., Monroe co.. X Y. : on the Erie 
Canal. 256 m. from Albany, and 108 m. from Buffalo. 

Br=;HNELi,^v[LLE. p. v., Greene co., X. Y. : 43 m. S. by W. 
Albany. 

Push's Milus, p. o., Lewis co., Virg. : 194 m. W. N. W. 
Richmond. 

Bush's Stork, p. o., Laurel co., fiy. .• at the head of the 



S. fork of Rook Cnstle or. of Cumberland r.. 92 m. S. S. K. 
Fninkf..rt. 

BusnviLLE, p. v., FrankUn co., O'a. ; 98 m. N. by E. Mil- 
led Seville. 

BusnwicK, t., King's co., X. Y. : on Newtown cr.. 149 
m. S. by E. Albany. Vop. 3,739. 

BusuT Greek, p. o., Williamson co., Tej'. : 23 m. N. 
Austin City. 

Business Corner, p. o.. Van Buren <■')., Ja. : 62 m. s. by 
W. Iowa City. 

Buskirk's BiunoE, p. o., WashingNm co., .V. Y. : on 
Iloosic r., 24 m. N. E. Albany, and on the Troy and Boston 
R. P.. 21 m. from Troy. 

BusTi, t. and p. v., Cbautauque co., X. Y. : on the S. side 
of Chaulauque Lake, 283 m. W. S. W. Albany. P. 1,991. 

BusTi.ETON, p. o.. Philadelphia co., Penn. : 93 m. E. 
Harri.-<burg. 

Butcher's Store, p. o., Randnlph co., r//'(/. .■162 m, 
W. N. W. Richmond. 

Bute Creek, p. o.,Marifin co., Oreg. Ter.: on the creek 
50 called. 23 m. N. E. Salem. 

Btteville. p. v., Mariun co., Oreg. Ter. : at the mnnth 
of Bute er.. IS m. N. E. Salem. 

Bim.ER county, Ala. Situate centrally in S. dist.. and 
eonlains 964 sq. m. Drained in the S. and E. by tributa- 
ries of Conecuh r.. and in the N. W. l>y creeks of Alabama 
r. Surface undulating, and soils of average fertility. Corn 
and cotton are the chief prodiirls. Farms 5.%S ; nianuf. 14 ; 
dwell. 1.210. and pnp.— wh. 7.162. fr. col. 35. si. 3.C39— lutal 
10.S36. Cajiitirl : Greenville. 

Butler county, la. Situate N. E., and contains 576 
sq. m. Taken from Pottowaltomie in 1351. 

Butler county. A'y. Situate W. centrally, and contains 
560 sq. m. lirained by tributaries " if Grerii r., which runs 
through il. Surface irn-gnlar, and soils ferlilf, jiroducing 
wheat, Indian corn, and tobacco. Farms 629; manuf. 8 ; 
dwell. 89", and pop.— wh. 5,056, fr. col. IS, si. 631— t^al 
5.755. Cajiitii! : Morgantnwn. 

Buti.er county. Mo. Situate S. E. on State line, and eon- 
tjiins 640 sq. m. Drained by St. Francjois, Big Black, and 
Little Black rivers. Surface prairie, and there is consider- 
able marsh in the county. Soils very fertile. Farms 143? 
dwell. 265, and pop.— wh. 1,563, fr. col. 0, si. 53— total 
1,616. Capital: liutler C. IL 

Buti.kr county, Ohio. Situate S. W. on State line, and 
contains 4!^ sq. m. Drained by tributaries of Miami r., 
which traverses the county from N. E. to S. W. Surface 
uneven. Soils of excellent quality, producing wheat, corn, 
and oats abundantly, and excellent timber. Farms 2,262; 
mannf. 269; dwell. 5.315, and pop.— wh. 30,429. fr. col. 360 
—total 30,789. Capital: Ifaniilton. PiihUc WnrH : Mia- 
mi Canal; Cincinnali, Hamilton, and Dayton R. P. ; Ifam- 
iltnn, l-2aton and Richmond R. P., etc. 

BrTLEB C'junty, Peini. Situate W. centrally, and con- 
tains S24 sq. ni. Drained by tributaries of AIl<i:hany and 
Bear rivers. Surface uneven, but tlie soils highly fertile. 
Wheat. Indian corn, buckv/heat, etc.. are the chief products. 
Iron is f^mnd. Farms 2.94,5; manuf. 14S; dwell. 5,254, and 
pop.— wh. 30,262. fr. col. s4— total 30..^16. Capital : Butler. 
Puhlie Wbrlr.t: Pennsylvania and Ohio R. P. 

Butler, p. v., De Kalb co., Iml.: 122 m. N. E. Indian- 
apolis. 

Butler, p. v., Baltimore co.. MJ. 

Butler, p. v., Richland co,, Ohio: 52 m. N. by E. 
Columbus. 

Butler, t. and p. v.. Wayne co., X. Y.: 159 ni. W by 
N. Albany. Pop, 2.272. 

Butler, p. v.. and cap. Choctaw co., Ala. : 112 m. W. by 
S. Montgoniery. 

Butler, t, p. v,. and cap. Butler co., Penn.: on Cone- 
quencMing cr. of Beaver r., 162 m. W. by N. Harrisburg. 
II is a handsome v., with some manufactures, .ind has three 
newspapers, the '■ Butler County Whig,'' the " DemoeraUc 

89 



BUT 



CAD 



Herald," and the "Butler Democrat," issued weekly. Pop. 
1,154. 

Butler, p. v., Fraokliu par, /(/..- 117 ni. "W. Baton 
Kouge. 

BuTLEK, p. v., MUwaukie cc, Wise. : llij ni. E. Mad-son. 

BuTLFB, p. v., Fulton CO., Kij. : 204 m. W. S. "W. Vniiikfort, 

Butler, p. v., Keokuk cc, la. : 52 ni. ti. Vt. Iowa 
City. 

BuTLEK, p. v., and cap. Dodge co., Mo. : 156 m. N. by W. 
JcfTorson City. 

Euti.er's Landing, p. o., Jackson c*,, Tenn.: on E. 
side of Cumberland r., 09 m. E. N. E. Na.sliville. 

Bltlresville, p. v., Anderson disL, S. Car.: IIS va. 
"W. by N. Columbia. 

Butlerville, p. v., Buller co., Ala. : 110 m. W. by N. 
Montgomery. 

Butler viLLLE, p. v., Warren co., Ohio : 73 m. S. W. 
Columbus. 

Buttahatchy, p. 0., Monroe co., Miss, : on r, so called, 
173 m. N. E. Jackson. 

Bctte county, Calif. Situate N. E. between Sacramento 
r. and the E. State line. Drained chiefly by Feather r, 
and its branches, and also by numerous streams tributary 
directly to the Sacramento. Tlie whole is inchided in the 
Gold liegion, and has been very productive of Ihat metal. 
Much of the soil, especially of the? valleys, is rich and fer- 
tile, and well adapted to agricultural purposes. Pop. in 
1S50, about 4,TS6. 

Bltte des Morts lakes, Wise. : tliese lakes are expan- 
sions of the Nccnah or Fox r. Great Butte dcs Moris lake, 
4L m. above Lake Winnebago, is 3_i m. long ajul from 1 to 
2 m. wide, and Little Butte des MorU lake, imnu-diatejy 
below Winnebago rapids, is 4} m. long and about a mile 
wide. 

Butte des Morts, I. and p. o., Winnebago co., II7sc. ; 
on Fox r., 152 m. N. N. E, Madison. 1'ho town tjikes ils 
name from some mounds within it, wliieh iraditiun says are 
the resting place {I/ills of the Dead) of Indians slain in a 
great battle. These are now grown over with grass, and 
present much the same appearance as the ancient mounds 
so profusely scattered through the West. 

BuTTEviLLE, p. V., Suttcf CO., Calif.: on the E. side of 
Sacramento r., 76 m. N. by E. Vallejo. 

Butterfly, p. o., Oswego co., N. Y.: 141 va. W. N. W. 
Albany. 

BuiTERMiLK CnANNEL, K. Y. : the passage between Long 
Island and Governor's Island, in the harbor of New York. 

Buttermilk Falls, p. o., Orange co., JV. Y. ; on IludsfU 
r., 84 m. S. Albany. The falls from which the p. o. is 
named are 2 m. below West Point, and consist of a beauti- 
ful and romantic cascade falling into the Hudson r. 

Butternut Kidge, p. o., Sandusky co., Ohio: 93 ni. N. 
Columbus. 

Butternuts, t. and p. v., Otsego co.. A' }'. ; on IJuttcr- 
nnts and Unadilla creeks, 82 nL W. by S. Albany. The 
4 p. o. was formerly named Gilbcrtsvillc. Pop. 1,'.)27. 

Butt's county, Ga. Situate centrally, and contains 3*^6 
sq. m. Drained by tributaries of Ockmulgee r. Surface 
level anil soils good. Cotton and Indian corn are the prin- 
cijjal products. Farms 391; manuf. 14; dwell. 642, and 
pop.— wh. 3,650, fr. col. 8, si. 2,S05— total 6,4S3. Capital: 
Jackson. 

BuTZTOwN, p. v., Northampton co., Penn.: 91 m. X. E. 
Ilarrisburg. 

Buxton, t. and p. v., York co.. ^fe. : on E. !-irle of Saco r, 
62 m. S. W. Augusta. The r. has here a fall of SO feet, and 
furnishes exeellent water-power. l*op. 2.995. 

Buxton Centre, p. o., York co., Me.: 63 m. S. W. 
Augusta. 

BuYCKSviLLE, p. V., Coosa CO., Ala. : 81 m. N. Mont- 
gomery. 

Buzzard's Boost, p. o.. Er.Tnklin co., Ala.: IS m. W, 
Tuscumbia, and 207 N. W. Montgomery. 
00 



Bylerry, t. and p. o., Philadelphia co., Peim.: on Po- 
quessing cr., QS m. E. by S. ilarrisburg. 

Byerstille, p. v., Livingston co., Al Y.: 2U2 m. W. 
Albany. 

Byesville. p. v., Guernsey co., Ohio : 79 m. E. CoUimbua. 

Byfield, p. v., Essex co., Mass. : on Parker r., which has 
falLs, and furnishes good water-power, 2S m. N. by E. 
Boston. DummiT Academy, founded by the lieutenant- 
governor of that name in 1756, is located here. 

BvuALiA, p. v., Marsliall co., dliss. : 1G7 m. X. Jackson. 

Byingtox, p. o.. Pike co., Ohio: 60 m. S. Columbus. 

Eyler's Mill, p. o., Morgan co., Mo. ; ou a cr. of Usage 
r., 54 ni. W. S. W. Jefferson Cily. 

Bveneville, p. v., ilarrison co., TiuK: 113 m. S. Indian- 
apolis. 

BvRON, p. v., La Porte co., I/nl.: on the line of tlie 
Norlhcrn Indiana It. P., 13S m. N. by W. Indianapolis. 

Byron, p. v., Greene co., Ohio: &2 m. S. W. Columbus. 

BvEON, p. v., Ogle CO., III.: tin the W. side Kock r., 146 
m. N. by E. Springfield. 

Byron, p. v., Oxford co.. Me.: 49 m. W. by N. Augusta. 

Byron, p. o., Shiawassee co., Mich. : on the E. side of 
Shiawassee r., 32 m. E. by N. Lansing. 

Byron, t. and p. v., Genessee co.. A'. J'. ; on Black cr. of 
Gencssee r., 217 m. W. Albany. Tht-ro are several sulphur 
springs in the town. The Buffalo and Pochester R. K. 
passes through the village, 51 m. from Buffalo. P. 1,566. 

Byeos, t. and p. v., Fond du Lac co., Wkc. : 106 m. 
N. X. E. Madison, and 6 m. S. of the base of Lake Winne- 
bago, pop. SS2. 



C. 



Cabarras county, AT Car. Situate S. W., and contains 
432 sq. m. Drained by the tributaries of Kocky r. of the 
Yadkin. Surface hilly and somewhat broken ; and soils 
of average fertility, producing wheat, Indian corn, and 
cotton largely. Farms 875; manuf. 44; dwell. 1,296, and 
pop.— wh. 6,943, fr. col. 119, si. 2,685— total 9,747 Capital : 
Concord. 

Cabell county, Virff. Situate W. on Ohio r, and con- 
tains OSO sq. m. Drained chiefly by the tributaries of Guy- 
andotte r., which flows throughout it. Surface billy and 
broken, and the soils indifferent. Wneat and Indian corn 
are tlie chief products. Coal is plentiful. Farms 498; 
manuf. 33 ; dwell. 970, and pop.— wh. 5,904, fr. eol. 6, si. 389 
— total 0,299. Capital: Cabell C. II. Public Works: 
Guyandotte E. R. 

Cabell C. II., p. v., and cap. Cabell co., Virff. : 273 m. 
W. liichmond. 

Cabin Ckeek, p. o., Lewis co., A'y. ; ou a creek so called 
of the Ohio r., 86 m. E. N. E. Frankfort. 

Cabin Hill, p. o., Delaware co., A'. }'. ; 03 m. S. W. 
Albany. 

Cabin Hill, p. o., Elkhart co., Ind. : 12*^ m. N. Indian- 
apolis. 

Cabin Point, p. v.. Surrey co., Virff. : near Chipoak cr. 
of James r., 38 m. S. E. Kiehinond. 

Cabotville (See CnicopEE). 

Cabot, t. and p. o., Caledonia co., T'fnji..- 17 ni. N. E. 
Montpclier. Poj-. 1,356. 

Cacapon Dep6t, p. o., Morgan co., Virff.: on Great 
Cacapon cr. of (he Potomac, 140 m. N. by W. Iliebmond, 
and by the Baltimore and Ohio K. P., 133 m. ftorn Balti- 
more. 

Cacaponville, p. v., Hampshire co., Virff.: on Little 
Cacapon cr., 1-12 m. N. by W. liiehmond. 

Cachemasso, p. 0., Dallas co.. Ark.: 53 in. S. Little 
Pock. 

Caddo parish, La. Situate N. W. between Bed r. and 
State line, and contains 1.036 sq. m. Well drained by 
creeks and bayoiuc of Bed r. Lake Caddo occupies tho 



CAD 



CAL 



whole centre of (lie county. Farms S'i5; dwell. 712, and 
pop.— wh. 3,0-37, ir. col. 81), si. 5,20S— total S,SS4, Capital: 
Shreveporl. 

Caddo, p. v., Caddo par., La. : on. Caddo Lake, 21S m. 
N. W. Baton Kou^e. 

Capdo Cove, p. o., Montijomery co.. Ark. : on Fourt'lie 
Cadilo, 7S ra. W. S. W. Little Rock. 

Cade's Covk, p. o., Blount co., Tenii. : on a cr. of Ten- 
nessee r., 173 m. E. S. E. Nashville. 

Cadi/,, p. v., JU-nry co., Inch: ou Duck or., 37 m. 
E- by N. Indianapolis. 

Cadiz, t. and p. v., Greene co., Whc. : 41 in. S. S. "W. 
Madison. Pop. 459. 

(_'adiz, p. v., and cap. Trijrg co., K'j.: on Little r. of tiie 
Cumberland, 9 m. above its confluence, 17'.i m. W. S. W. 
Frankfort. 

Cadiz, t., p. v., and cap. Harrison co., Ohio : 102 m. E. by 
N. Columbus. It is a thrivin^c village, has consi<ierable 
trade with tlie neigliborhood, and has two nowspiipors, the 
"C. Uepublican" (whig), and the " C. Sentinel" (deiu.). Is- 
sued weekly. Top. of v. 1,144, and t. 2,453. 

t'ADRON, p. v., Conway co., Ark. : on the N. side of Ar- 
kansas r., where Cadron cr. enters it, 33 ra. N. N. W. Little 
Rock. 

CAnwALLADER, p. o., Tuscarawas co., Ohio: Si m. 
E. by X. Columbus. 

Cadyvillt;, p. v., Clinton co., JH. Y. : on N. side of Sar- 
anac r., 7 m. from its mouth at Plattsburg, and 13G m. N. 
Albany. 

Cageville, p. v., llaj^vood co., Tenn. : 102 m. W. by S. 
Nashville. 

Cauaka. p. v.. and cap. Dallas co., Afa. : on the "W. bank 
of Alabama r., immediately below the confluence of the 
C.'ihuba r., 49 m. W. by S. Montgomery. It has considerable 
river trade, and is the centre of a fine agricultural coun- 
try dependent on it for a market. The "Dallas (tazelte" 
(dem.) is issued weekly. 

Cahaba river, Ala.: a large tributary of the Alabama r., 
whicli it joins at Cahaba v., 195 m. above tlie conflucjice of 
the Alabama and Tombigbcc. 

Cains, p. o., Gwinnett co., Ga.: 7S m. N. "W. Millcdge- 
villc. 

Cains, p. v., Lancaster co., Penn.: 42 m. S. E. Ilarris- 
burg. 

Cainsville, p. v., Wilson co., Tenii. : on a cr. of Stone's 
r., 31 m. E. by S. Nashville. 

^AiNTicK, p. v., New Hanover co., Al Car.: 103 m. 
S. S. E. Raleigh. 

Ca Ira. p. v., Cuinberiaml co., Virg. : on 'WiUis r., 4S m. 
aliove its confluence with James r., and 4G m. W. S. W. 
Richmond. 

Cairo, \i. v., Decatur co., Ga. : at the head of Little r. of 
the Ockloekony, 15U m. S. S. W. Milledgeville. 

Cairo, p. city, Alexander co., 111.: on the extreme S. 
point of the State, at tlie confluence of the Ohio and Mis- 
sissippi r., 176 m. S. Springfleld. It is destined to become 
an important conmiercial centre. The ground on which it 
is jilanncd is low and liable to inundation, but by building 
levies round the river fronts this may be prevented. The 
city is the property of a company, and great pains liave lieen 
taken to improve its natural facilities. Tlie t'entral R. R. to 
Galena and Chicago commences here, and on the opposite 
side of the river the Mobile and Ohio R. R. will terminate — 
both these great works are in progress. Pop. 242. 
Cairo, p. v.. Stark co., Ohio : 103 ra. N. E. Columbus. 
Cairo, p. v., Henderson Co., Ky.: 163 m. "W. by S. 
Frankfurt. 

Cairo, t. aurl p. v.. Greene co.. A"". 5' .• on Catskill cr., 
26 in. S. W. Albimy. pop.o.S31. 

Caiiu.. p. v., Edp-fleld dist., ,s". iMr. : 76 m. W. S. W. Co- 
lumbia. 

Cki.ai-*, I. and p. v.. ^Vasllington co., M^. : at the head of 
navigation of St. Croix r., 133 m. E. N. E. Augusta. It is 



connected with Earing by a railroad, ami a bridge is thrown 
over the St. Croix, below the lower falls of that r., connect- 
ing it with tl\e British territory. Extensive water-power is 
afforded by the river falls. The tide here rises 2ii feet, and 
vessels of the largest class ascend to llie lower vilhige. Its 
trade is chiefly in lumber. Three newspapers are printed 
in Calais — the *' C. Advertiser'" (whig), the " Frontier Jour- 
nal" (dem.), and the *' Sentinel" (whig)— all published 
weekly. Pop. 4,753. 

Calais, p. L. Washington co., Verm.: ou the h'-ad 
brandies of Onion r., 9 m. N. N. E. Montijelier. P. 1,^1(1. 

Calais, p. v., Monroe co., Ohio : lOS m. E by S. Columbus. 

Calamus, t. and p. o., Dodge co., Wise : on a cr. of 
Beavei- Dam r., 34 m. N. E. Madison. Pop. 4]:i. 

Calai'oova, p. v., Linn co., Oreg. Ter. : on a. cr. of this 
same name, S'J m. S. Salem. The cr. falls into the Willa- 
mette r. at Albany. 

Calauukia, p. v., Rowan co., JV. Car. : 103 m.W. Raleigh. 

Calaveras river, Calif. : a tributary of the San Joaquin 
r. from the Sierra Nevada. The gold washings of this 
stream have been very productive. 

Calaveras county, Calif. Situate centrally on E. State 
line. Drained by the Mokolumne, Calaveras, and several 
of the branches of Stanislaus r. Surface eastward, moun- 
tainous — in the west, a plain declining to the San Joaquin 
r. Throughout it is rich in gold, and its agricultural ca- 
pacities are ample. Pop. in 1S50 about 1G,SS4. 

Calcasieu river. La. : rises in Natchitoches parish, S. AY. 
of Red r., and flows in a generally S. course to the Ovdf of 
Mexico. NAir its mouth it expands into a lake about 20 
m. long and from 1 to 10 m. wide. The tide rises to tlio 
head of the lake, but both lake and river are too shallow 
for a certain navigation. 

Calcabiku parish, La. Situate S. W., between Sabine r. 
and Bayou Mermenteau, and contains 5,400 sq. m. Drain- 
ed chiefly by Calcasieu r. and its numerous tributaries. 
Surface low, swampy, and containing several large lag"»ons. 
Cotton and sugar are the principal products. Farms 239; 
dwell. .54S, and pop.— wh. 2,716, Ir. col. 241, si. 957— total 
3,914. Capital: Lisbon. 

Calcutta, p. v., Columbiana co., Ohio: 130 m. E. by S. 
Columbus. Pop. 147. 

Caldwell county, i'lj. Situate W. on Tennessee r., and 
contains 58(3 sq. m. Drained by tributaries of the Ten- 
nessee and Cumberland, the latter of which runs through 
it, and by the Treadwater cr. of the Ohio r. Surface level 
or undulating, and soils fertile, producing largely of wheat, 
Indian corn, oats, and tobacco. Iron is found in the county. 
Farina SSO ; nianuf. 35; dwell. 1,746, and pop.— wh. 9,&09, 
fr. col. 132, si. 3,107— total 13,04S. Capital: Eddyville. 

Caldwell parish. La. Situate centrally in W. Dist., and 
contains 576 sq. m. Drained by Wachita r. and tributaries. 
Surface E. level and alluvial — W. finely varied with hill 
and dale. Farms 1S5; manuf. 1; dwell. 300, and pop.^ 
wh. 1,584, fr. col. 0, si. 1,231— total 2,815. Capital: Co- 
lumbia. 

Cald'vvell county, Jfo. Situate N. W. midtlle, and con- 
tains 4:32 sq. m. Surface level prairie. Drained by Shoal 
cr., the W. fork of Grand River, and other streams. Soil 
everywhere fertile. Farms 232; manuf. 7; dwell. 35S, and 
pop.— wh. 2,176, fr. col. 4, si. 13G~total 2,316. Capital: 
Kingston. 

Caldwell county, X. Car. Situate N. W. at the E. base 
of the Blue Ridge, and contains 720 sq. m. Drained by 
tributaries of Catawba r., which bounds it S., and by the 
head waters of Yadkin r. Surface elevated and hilly— in 
the W. mountainous. Soils fertile, and grain crops abun- 
dant. Farms 366; manuf. S; dwell. 926, and pop.— wh. 
5,006. fr. col. lOS, si. 1.203— total 8,317. Capital: Lenoir. 

Caldwell county, Tex. Situate centrally on N. E. side 
of San Marco of the Guadalupe r, and contains 632 sij. m. 
Drained by Plurn and other creeks. Surface elevat'-d and 
rolling— chiefly prairie, but in N. W. somewhat hilly. Farms 

91 



CAL 



CAL 



Bl ; dwell. 174, and pop.— wh. 1,054, fr. col. 1, si. 274— total 
1,829. Capltul: Lockhart. 

Caldwell, p. v.. Orange CO., A'. Car.: 48 m. N. W. 
Ealeigh. 

Caldwell, L and p. o., Essex cc, X. Jer. : on Deep and 
Green Brooks of the Passaic r., 51 m. N. N. W. Trenton. 
It has considerable manufactures. Pop. 2,476. 

Caldwell, t. and p. v., Warren co., Jf. y. ; at the head 
of Lake George, 49 ni. N. Albany. There is a regular 
Bleamboat communication between this village and the out- 
let of the lake near Ticonderoga. The ruins of Fort Wil- 
liam Henry and Fort George are near this place, and are 
objects of interest to summer travelers, who resort to this 
neighborhood in great numbers. Po;. 'iL2. 

Caldwell, p. v., and cap. Burleson co.. Tea: : on David- 
son's cr. of the Tegua, a tributary of Bnizos r., 54 nL E. N. K. 
Austin City. 

Caldwell'8, p. o., Washita par., Lci. : 14S m. N. N. W. 
Baton Rouge. 

Caldwell'9 PHAlErE, p. o., P.acinc Co., Wise. : 72 m. 
E. S. E. Madison. 

Caledonia county, Venn. Situate N. E. on Connecticut 
r., and contains 718 sq. m. Drained chiefly by Passumsic 
and Wells rivers, and contains also the head streams of 
Lamoille and Onion rivers. Surface flnely varied, and in 
U\e W. billy. A great portion of the county has good soils, 
producing wheat and other grain, and affording sustenance 
to numerous cattle and sheep. Limestone and granite 
abound, and there are several sulphur springs. Farms 
2.754; manuf. 245; dwell. 4,-2ai, and pop.— wh. 2.3,081, fr. 

col. 5 total 23.IISG. Ciipital: Danville. Public Worls : 

Connecticut and Passumsic F.ivers 1!. E., etc 

Caledonia, p. v., Pulaski co., Hi.: on the Ohio r., 13 m. 
above its junction with the Mississippi, and 163 S. Spring- 
Held. Pop. 169. 

Caledonia, t. and p. v., Eacine CO., Wise. : on Boot r., 
87 m. E. 8. E. Madison. Pop. 1,098. 

Caledonia, p. v.. Rusk co., Tfv. : 233 m. N. E. Austin 
City. 

Caledokia, p. v., Lowndes Co., Mim. : on the S. side of 
Buttahatchee r. of Little Tombigbee r., 146 m. N. E. 
Jackson. 

Caledonia, t. and p. o., Kent Co., J/J'cS.: on Thorn- 
apple r., 44 m. W. by X. Lansing. Pop. 99. 

Caledonia, p. v., Wasbinglon co.. Mo. : on the S. side of 
Big r. of the Maramec r., 9s m. S. E. Jefferson City. The 
neighborhood abounds in minerals. 

Caledonia, p. v., Moore co.. If. Car. : on a cr. of Deep 
r., 61 m. W. S. W. Ealeigh. 

Caledonia, p. v., Marion CO., Ohio : on the W. side of 
the W. branch of Whetstone r., 40 in. N. Columbus. 

Caledonia, p. v., Elk co., Pmn.: 133 m. N. W. Harris- 
burg. 

Caxedonia, t. and p. v., Livingston CO., N. Y.: 19S m. 
W. Albany. The town is drained by Gencssee r., and has 



a fertile soil. The Buffalo, Coming, and New York E. E. 
passes through it to a junction with the Canandaigua and 
Niagara Falls E. E. Pop. 1,804. 

Caledonu, p. v., Henry co., Teitn.: 93 m. W. Nash- 
ville. 

Calt Island, a small island in Detroit r., near its mouth, 
and near Goose Island. 

Caldocn county, Flor. Situate in W. Florida on the 
Gulf, and contains 1,2S0 sq. m. Drained by Chipola r., and 
the Appalachicola, which forms its E. border. Surface low, 
and in some parts swampy. Soils excellent. Farms 63 » 
manuf. 1; dwell. 165; and pop.— wh. SS6, fr. col. 88, si. 
4,"iS— total 1,377. Capital: SL Joseph. Public Worka: 
SI. Joseph and lola E. K. 

Caliiodn county, lU. Situate W. between the Illinois 
and Mississippi rivers, and contains 236 sq. m. Drained by 
Hay ami oilier creeks. Surface elevated in the interior, and 
along Uie border rivers are high bluffs and extended allu- 
vial bottoms. Farms 206 ; dwell. 600, and pop.— wh. 3,230, 
fr. col. 1— total 3,2.31. Capitul : Hardin. 

Caluoun county, Mtcfi. Situate S. centrally, and con- 
tains 720 sq. ra. Drained by St. .Joseph and Kalamazoo 
rivers. Surlace undulating and finely lumbered ; soils rich 
and loamy. Sandstone is abundant on the Kalamazoo. 
Farms 1,724 ; manuf 61 ; dwell. 3,4:!:!. and pop.— wh. 1S,965> 
fr. col. 197— total 19,162. Capital : yiarshM. Public Works : 
Michigan Central E. R. 

Caliious county, Tex. Situate S. W. on Matagorda and 
Espiritu Santo bays, and contains about 560 sq. m. Mata- 
gorda island is included within this county. Drained by 
rivers and creeks falling into the adjacent bays. Surface 
low, and near the coast sandy ; the soils of the interior are 
rich and productive. Farms 22 ; dwell. IS2, and pop.— wh. 
S76, fr. col. 0, si. 234— total 1,110. Capital : Port Lavaca. 

Calhodn, p. v., Autauga Co., Ala. : 23 m. N. W. Mont- 
gomery. 

Calhoun, p. v., and cap. Gordon co., Ga. : on Ihe line 
of the Western and Atlantic K. K., SO m. from Atlanta, and 
14G N. W. MiUedgeville. 

Calhoun, p. v., Lumpkin CO., Ga. : 137 m. N. N. W. 
MiUedgeville. 

Caliiodn, p. v., La Fayette co.. Ark, : 113 m. S. by W. 
Little Eock. 

Calhoun, p. v., Henry co.. Mo. : at the head of Tebo cr. 
of Uie Osage r., 79 m. W. by S. Jefferson City. 

Calhoun, p. v., Daviess co., Ay. .■ ICl in. W. by S. Frank- 
fort 

Calhoitn, p. v., Anderson dist., S. Car. : 108 m. N. W. 
Columbia. 

Calhoun, p. v., M'Minn CO., Term. : on the N. side of 
Iliw assee r., 126 ni. E. S. E. Nashville. 

Calhoun, p. v., Kichland Co., lU. : 102 m. S. E. Spring- 
field. 

Calhoun's Mih.6, p. o., Abbeville dist, & Car. : 93 m. 
W. Columbia. 



THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA. 

Califoiinia occupies all that portion of California Alta* westward of the following line, to wit— beginning at the 
Intersection o f 42° north latitude, and 120° longituile west from Greenwich, or 42° 5S' from Washington ; thence south 
in a direct course to 39= north latitude ; thence south-east to where the Rio Colorado intersects tiie parallel of 36° north 
latitude and thence down the mid channel of that river to the boundary between the United States and Mexico. Within 
these limits the surface measures 18S.981 square miles, or 120,947,840 acres. 

This grand division of California (the only part indeed, to which the name properly applies) is traversed from N. to S. 
by two principal ranges of mountains, called respectively Sie/ra Xevada, which divides the region from the great basin, 
and the Coait Paiige, running almost parallel 1« and at a short dUtance from the Pacific coast The main feature of this 
region is Ihe long, low, broadValley of the San Joaquin and Sacramento rivers— the two valleys forming one— 600 miles 
long and 60 miles broad. Lateral ranges, parallel with the Sierra, make the structure of the country, and break it into a 

. C.lir..rn,. Alu in iu, f.,11 extent, a. acquired iif Mexico, lie. between 3S» anj A2' S lat., an.l KW" anj 124» W long., and ij bounded N. bj 
Oreeon E by ti.e cre.l of the Rocky .■Ho.inlaln., S, by Hie liio Gila and California liaja, and W. by tlie PaciSc Ocean, on whicli u l.a. a front 
of 9U0 m. The area included wilbin tboie limit, i. 418.fi9l iq. m. llii. eitensive territory IB now divided Into tbe SUU of Califonii., Ut«ll 
Territory, and {in part) the Territory of New Mexico 

92 



CALIFORNIA. 



surface of valleys and mountains— the valleys a few hundreds, and the mountains 2,000 to 4,000 feet abo?e the sea 
These form greater masses and become more elevated in the nortli, where some peaks, as the Shaste. entt-r the 
regions of perpetual snows. The great valley is discriminated only by the names of Ibe rivers that traverse it. It is a 
single geographical formation, lying between the two ranges, and stretching across the head of the Bay uf San Fran- 
cisco, with which a delta of 25 miles connects it. The two rivers rise at opposite tfnda tif this long valley, receive numerous 
athuents— many of them bold rivers, becoming themselves navigable rivers— flow toward each other, meet half way, 
and enter the bay together in the region of tide water: making a conliuuous water line from one end to tlie other. The 
resources of this valley, mineral and agricultural, are immense, and perhaps no part of the world affords greater facil- 
ities for easy development. Gold and quicksilver are the most valuable of its mineral products. The soil and climate, 
tliough varying nmch with locality, are generally well suited for agriculture. Westward of the rivers, the soil is chiefly 
dry and unproductive ; but on the east side the country is well watered and luxuriantly fertile, being intersected by 
numerous fine streams, forming large and beautiful bottoms of rich land, wooded principally with white oaks. The foot 
hills of the Sierra, which limit the valley, make a woodland country, diversified Milh undulating grounds and pretty 
vales. Near the Tulare Lakes, and on the margins of the Sacramento and San Joaquin rivers, the surface is composed 
of level plains, gradually changing into undulating, and rolling toward the mountains. The region west of the Coast 
Kange to the Pacific — the only portion inhabited before the discovery of gold— has long been the seat of numeroua 
missions; and around these, generally situated in the most lovely vales, agriculture has converted the country into a 
perfect garden. All the cereals of temperate regions are cultivated, and the olive and grape thrive luxuriantly. Wheat 
is the first product of the north. The moisture of the coast seems particularly suited to the cultivation of roots, and to 
vegetables used for culinary purposes, which, in fact, grow to an extraordinary size. Few localities, indeed, can produce 
in such perfection so great a variety of grains and fruits. 

The coasts of California are generally precipitous and rugged ; and in relation to their extent present few good harbors. 
The bays of San Diego, Monterey, and San Francisco, are the finest, and their capacities extensive. San Francisco 
Bay is one of the most important in the world, not merely as a harbor, but also and mainly from the accessory advant- 
ages which belong to it — fertile and picturesque dependent country, general mildness of climate, connection with the 
great central valley, etc. When thfse advantages are taken into account, with its geographical position on the line of 
comumnication with Asia, its importance rises superior to all contingencies. Its latitudinal position is that of Lisbon; 
its climate that of Italy ; bold shores and mountains give it grandeur ; the extent and resources of its dependent country 
are the cynosure of the world. The bay is separated from the sea by low mountain ranges, and only a narrow gate, 
about a mile wide, affords an entrance. It is land-locked in every sense of the word, and protected on all sides from 
the weather. Passing through this narrow entrance, the bay opens to the right and left, extending in each direction 
about 35 miles, having a total length of TO and a coast of 275 miles. It is divided by projecting points and straits into 
three separate compartments, of which the northern two are called San Pablo and Suisson bays. The surface is much 
broken by numerous islands — some mere rocks, and others grass-covered, rising to the height of SOO to 800 feet. Directly 
fronting the entrance, mountains, a few miles from the shore, rise about 2,000 feet above the water, crowned by forests 
of lofty cypress, which are visible from the sea, and make a conspicuous landmark for vessels entering the bay. Behind, 
the rugged peak of Mt. Diavolo, 3,T70 feet high, overlooks the surrounding country of the bay and the San Joaquin. 

The shore presents a varied character of rugged and broken hills, n'lling and undulating land, and rich alluvial tracts, 
backed by fertile and wooded ranges, suitable for towns, tillages, and farms, with which it is beginning to be over- 
spread. Such is the bay and proximate country and shore of San Francisco. It is not a mere indentation of the coast, 
but a little sea to iLsclf. connected with the ocean by a defensible gate. The head of the bay is about 40 miles distant 
from the sea, and there commences its connection with the noble valley of the San Joaquin and Sacramento. 

The climate of Califoniia is so remarkable in its periodical changes, and for the long continuance of the wet and dry 
seasons, dividing as they do the year into about two equal parts, which have a most peculiar influence on the labor applied 
to agriculture and the products of the soil, and, in fact, connect themselves so inseparably with all the interests of the 
country, that it is deemed proper briefly to mention the causes which produce these changes, and which, it will be seen, 
must exercise an imj)ortant and controlling influence on the commercial prosperity and resources of the country. 
It is a well-established theory, that the currents of the air under which the earih passes in its diurnal revolutions, follow 
the line of the sun's greatest attraction. These currents of air are drawn toward this line from great distances on each 
side of it, and, as the earth revolves from west to east, they blow from north-east and south-east, meeting, and, of course, 
causing a calm on the line. Thus, when the sun is directly, in common parlance, over the equator, in the month 
of March, these currents of air blow from some distance north of the Tropic of Cancer and south of the Tropic of 
Capricorn in an oblique direction triward this line of the sun's greatest attraction, and form what are known as the north- 
cast and south-east trade-winds. As the earth in its path round the sun grailualty brings the Ihie of attraction north in 
summer, these currents of air are carried -icith if; so that about the middle of May the current from the north-east has 
extended as far the 3Sth or 39th degree of north latitude, and by the 20th of June, the period of the sun's greatest 
northern inclination, to the northern portions of California and the southern section of Oregon. These north-east winds, 
in tlieir progress across the continent toward the Pacific Ocean, pass over the 3now-eap])ed ridges of the Uocky Mount- 
ains and the Sierra Nevada, and are, of course, deprived of all the moisture which can be extracted from them by the 
/ow temperature of those regions of eternal snow; and consequently no moisture can W precipitatcfl from them, in 
the form of dew or rain, in a higher temperature than that to which they have been subjccied. They therefore pass 
over the hills and plains of California, where the temperature is very high in summer, in a very dry slate; and. so 
far from being charged with moisture, they absorb, like a sponge, all that the atmosjdiere and surface of the earth can 
yield, until both become apparently perfectly dry. This process commences when the line of the sun's greatest attrac- 
tion comes north in summer, bringing with it these vast atmospheric movements, which on their approncli produce the 
dry season in California, which, governed by these laws, continues until some time aftir the sun rei)apscs the [.jiiator in 
September : when, about the middle of November, the climate being relieved from those north-east currents of air, the 
south-west winds set in from the ocean, charged with nioiBture, the rains commence, and continue to fall— not constantly, 
as some persons have represented, but with sufflcient frequency to designate the period of their continuance— from about 
the middle of November until the middle of May, in the latitude of San Francisco— as the ivpt sefrson. It fi.Wlows, a?^ a 
matter of course, that the f.?n/ neasmi commences first and continues longest in tlie southern portions of tne Siaio. f-nd 
that the climate of the northern part is influenced in a mucli h-s« d.irrre by the causes heretofore mentioned than 
any other secliou of the country'. Consequently, we find, that as low 'lowu as latitude Sd^^ rains are sufficiently frequent 



CALIFORNIA. 



in summer to render Irrigation quite unnecessary to the perfect maturity of any crop which is suited to the soil and 
climale. There is an extensive ocean-current of cold water which comes from the northern r<'gionii of the Pacific, or, 
perhaps, from the Arctic, and flows along tlie coast of Califoniia. It comes cliargcd with, and emits in its progress, cold 
air, which appears in the form of fog when it comes in contact with a higher temperature on the American coast— as tho 
gulf stream of the Atlantic exhales vapor when it meets in any part of its progress a lower temperature. This current 
has not been surveyed, and, therefore, its source, temperature, velocity, width, and course, have not been accurately 
ascertained. It is believed by Lieutenant Maury, on what he considers sufficient evidence — and no higher authority can 
be cited— that this current comes from the coasts of China and Japan, flows nortlnvardly to the peninsula of Kamts- 
chalka, and, making a circuit to the eastward, strikes the American coast in about latitude 41° or 42^, it passes thence 
southwardly, and finally loses itself in the tropics. Below latitude 39^. and west of the foot-hills of the Sierra Nevada 
the forests of California are limited to some scattering groves of oak in the valleys and along the borders of the streams, 
and of red-wood on the ridges and on the gorges of the hills— sometimes extending into the plains. Some of the hills 
are covered with dwarf shrubs, which may be used as fuel. "With these exceptions, the whole State presents a surfaeo 
without trees or shrubbery. It is covered, however, with various species of grass, and, for many miles from the coast, 
with wild oats, which in the valleys grow most luxuriantly. These grasses and oats mature and ripen early in the dry 
season, and soon cease to protect the soil from t!ie scorching rays of tlie sun. As the summer advances, the moisture in 
the atmosphere and the earth, to a considerable depth, soon becomes exhausted, and the radiation of heat from the 
extensive naked plains and hill-sides is very great. The cold, drj' currents of air from the north-east, after passing the 
Eocky Mountain^, and the Sierra Xevada, descend to the Pacific, and absorb the moisture of the atmosphere to a great 
distance from the land. The cold air from the mountains and that which accompanies the great ocean-current from 
the north-west thus become united, and last banks of fog are generated, which, when driven by the wind, have a pene- 
trating or ci(ff/«^ effect on the human skin, much more uncomfortable than would be felt in the humid atmosphere of 
the Athmtic at a much lower temperature. As the sun rises from day to day, week after week, and montli after month, 
in unclouded brightness during the dry season, and pours down its broken rays on the dry, unprotected surface of the 
country, the heat becomes so much greater inland than it is on the ocean, that an under-current of cold air, bringing tho 
fog with it, rushes over the coast range of Iiills, and through their numerous passes, toward the interior. Every day, aa 
the heal inland attains a sufficient temperature, the cold, dry wind from the ocean commences to blow. Tliis is usually 
from 11 to 1 o'clock ; and, as the day advances, ttie wind increases and continues to blow till late at niglit. When the 
vacuum is filled, or tho equilibrium of the atmosphere restored, the wind ceases; a perfect calm prevails ui.til about the 
same hour the tollowing day, when the same process commences and progresses as before. And these phenomena are 
of daily occurrence, with few exceptions, throughout the dry season. These cold winds and fogs render the climate at 
San Francisco, and all along the coast of California, except the extreme southern portion of it, proltably more uncom- 
fortable to those not accustomed to it in summer than in winter. A few miles inland, where the heat of the sun raodifiea 
and softens the wind from the ocean, the climate is moderate and delightful. The heat, in the middle of the day, is 
not so great as to retard labor or render exorcise in the open air uncomfortable. The nights are cool and pleasant 
Tliis description of climate prevails in all the valleys along the coast range, and extends throughout the countrj', nortt 
and south, as far eastward as the valley of the Sacramento and San .Toaquin. In this vast plain, the sea-breeze losei 
its influence, and the degree of heat in the middle of the day, during the summer months, is much greater than is known 
on the Atlantic coast in the same latitudes. It is dry, however, and probably not more oppressive. On the foot-hills ol 
the SieiTa Nevada, and especially in the deep ravines of the streams, the thermometer IVequently ranges from 110*^ U 
315° in the shade, during three or four hours of the day, say from 11 to S o'clock. In the evening, as the sun declinest 
the radiation of heat ceases. The cool, dry atmosphere from the mountains spreads over the whole country, and renders 
the nights cool and invigorating. 

The valleys which are situated parallel to the coast range, and those which extend eastwardly in all directions among 
the hills toward the great plain of the Sacramento, are of surpassing fertility. They have a deep, black, alluvial soil, which 
has he appearance of having been deposited when they were covered with water. This idea is strengthened by the 
fact, that the rising grounds on the borders of these valleys, aniJ many hills of moderate elevation, have a soil precisely 
like that of the adjoining plains. This soil is so porous that it remains perfectly unbroken by gullies, notwithstanding 
the great quantity of water which falls in it annually during the wet season. The land in the northern part of the State, 
on the Trinity and other rivers, and on the borders of Clear Lake, as far as it has been examined, is said to be remark- 
ably fertile. The great valley of the Sacramento and San Joaquin has evidently been at some remote period the bed of 
a lake ; and those rivers which drain it present the appearance of having cut their channels through the alluvial deposit 
after it had been formed. In fact, it is not possible that they could have been instrumental in forming the plain through 
which they pJiss. Their head-waters come from the extreme ends of tjie valley, north and south ; and were it not for 
the supply of water received from the streams which flow into them fr.im the Sierra Nevada, their beds would be almost, 
if not quite dry in the summer months. The soil is very rich, and. with a proper system of drainage and embankment, 
would undoubtedly be capable of producing any crop, except sugar-cane, now cultivated in the Atlantic Stales of the 
Tnion. There arc many beautiful valleys and ricli hill-sides among the foot-hills of the Sierra Nevada, which, when 
the profits of labor in mining shall be reduced so as to cause its application to agriculture, will probably supjiort a largo 
population. There is said to be a rich belt of well-timbered and watered country extending tlie whole length of the 
gold region between it and the Sierra Nevada, some twenty miles in width. There is no information sulTiciently accu- 
rate respecting the eastern slope of the great snowy range, to enable us to form any opinion of its general character or 
soil. Some of its valleys have been visited by miners, who represent them as equal to any portion of the country to the 
westward of it. The great valley of the Colorado, situated between the Sierra Madre and the Sierra Nevada, is but 
little known. It is inhabited by numerous tribes of savages, who manifest the most deciilcd hostility toward the whites, 
and have hitherto prevented any explorations of their country, and do not permit emigrants to pass through it. There- 
fore, parties from SaiUa F6, on their way to California, are compelled to make a circuit of near a thousand miles north- 
ward to IlieSalt Lake, or about the same distance southward by the route of the Gila. Although this valley is little known, 
there are indications that it is fertile and valuable. The name of the river " Colorado" is descriptive of its waters ; they 
are as deeply colored as those of the Missouri or Kcd Hiver, while those of the Gila, which- we know flows through 
barren lands, are eUar. It would seem impossible for a large river to collect .sedimenl enough in a sandy, barren soil, 
to color its waters so deeply ns to give it u name among those who first discovered and have since visited its shores. 
The probability, therefore, is, that this river flows through an alluvial v.illey of great fertility, which has never been 
94 



CALIFORNIA. 



explored. This conjecture is strengthened by the fact that the Indinns who inhabit it are hostile, and oppose, as far as 
they can, all perBons who attempt to enter or explore it. This has been tht-ir uniform course of conduct respecting all 
portions of the coutinont which have been fertile, abounding in pame and tlie spontaneous productions of the earth. As 
this valley is situated in the direct route from Santa Fe to California, iis thorough exploration becomes a matter of very 
sjcat importance, especially as it is highly probable that the elevated regions to the north of it, covered wilh snow 
during most of the year, will force the line of the great national railway to the Pacific through some portion of it. The 
soil situated west of the Sierra Nevada, and embracing the plain of the Sacramento and San Joaquin, covers an area, as 
nearly as can be estimated, of between flfiy and sixty thousand square miles, and wtnild, under a proper eystem of cultiva- 
tion, be capable of supporting a population equal to that of Ohio or New York at the present time. 

The climate and soil of California are well suited to the growth of wheat, barley, rye, and oats. The temperature 
along the coast is too cool for the successful culture of maize as a field crop. The fact that oats, the species which is 
cultivated in the Atlantic States, are annually self-sowed and produced on all the plains and hills along the coast, and as 
far inland ae the sea-breeze has a marked influence on tho climate, is sufficient proof that all the cereal grains may be 
successfully cultivated without the aid of irrigaiimi. It is quite true that thi.^ aiixiliari/ was extensively employed at 
the missions, and undoubtedly increased the product of all crops to which it was applied, as it will in any country on 
earth if skillfully used. This does not pro\e, however, that it was c-ssentialh/ jiecesmri/ to the production of an ample 
reward to the husbandman. The experience of all the old inhabitanls is sufficient evidence of tliis. If their imperfect 
mode of culture secured satisfactory returns, it is reasonable to presume that a more perfect system would produce 
greater results. There is abundant evidence to prove, that in the rich alluvial valleys, wheat and barley have produced 
from forty to sixty bushels from one bushel of seed, uWiout irrigation. Irish potatoes, turnips, onions, in fact all the 
edible roots known and cultivated in the Atlantic States, are produced in great perfection. In all the valleys east of tlie 
coast range of hills, the climate is sufficiently warm to mature crops of Indian corn, rice, and ])robabIy toliacco. Tlio 
cultivation of the grape has attracted much attention at the missions, among the residents of towns, and the rural popu- 
lation, and been attended with much success, wherever it has been attempted. The dry season secures the fruit from 
those diseases which are so fatal in the Atlantic States, and it attains very great perfection. The wine made from it la 
of excellent quality, ver^' palatable, and can be produced in any quantity. The grapes are delicious, and produced with 
very little labor. AVhen taken from the ^ines in bunches, and suspended in a dry room by thCb stems, they become 
partially dry, retain their flavor, and remain several weeks, perhaps months, without decay. Apples, pears, and 
peaches are cultivated wilh facility; and there is no reason to doubt that all tho fruits of the Atlantic States can be pro- 
duced in great plenty and perfection. The grasses are very luxuriant and nutritious, aflbrding excellent pasture. Tho 
oats, which spring up the whole lenglli of the sea-coast, and from forly to sixty miles inland, render tho cultivation of 
that crop entirely unnecessary, and yield a very great quantitiy of nutritious food fur horses, cattle, and sheep, The 
dry season matures, and I may say cures, these grasses and oats, so that they remain in an excellent state of preserva- 
tion during the summer and autumn, and afford an ample supply of forage. "While the whole surface of the country 
appears parched and vegetation destroyed, the numerous flocks and herds which roam over it continue in excellent 
condition. Although the mildness of the winter months and the fertility of the aoil secure to Califoniia very decided 
agricultural advantages, it is admitted that irrigation would be of very great importance, and necessarily increase the 
products of the soil in quantity and variety during the greater part of the dry season. It should therefore be encour- 
aged by government, in the survey and disposition of the public lands, as far as practicable. The farmer derives some 
very important benefits from the dry season. His crops in harvest-time are never injured by rain ; he can with perfect 
confidence permit them to remain in his fields as long after they have been gathered as his convenience may rcquh-e; 
he has no fears that they will be injured by wet or unfavorable weather. Hence it is that many who have long been 
accustomed to that climate prefer it to the changeable weather east of the Rocky Mountains. 

As already stated, the forests of California south of latitude 89^, and west of the foot-hills of the Sierra Nevada, are limited 
to detatched, scattering groves of oak in tlie valleys, and of red-wood on the ridges and on the gorges of the hills. It 
can be of no practical use to speculate on the causes which have denuded so large an extent of country, further than to 
ascertain whether the soil is or is not favorable to the growth of forest trees. Vlien the dry season sets in, the entire 
surface is covered with a luxuriant growth of grass and oats, which, as the summer advances, become perfectly dry. 
The remains of all dead trees and shrubs also become dn,-. These materials, therefore, are very combustible, and 
nsually take flre in the latter part of summer and beginning of autumn, which commonly passes over the whole country, 
destroying in its course the young shrubs and trees. In fact, it seems to he the same process which has destroyed or 
prevented the growth of forest trees on the prairies of the AVestern States, and not any quality in the soil unfriendly 
to their growth. The absence of timber and tho continuance of the dry season are apt to be regarded by farmers, on 
first going into the country, as irremediable defects, and as presenting obstacles almost insurmountable to the successftil 
progress of agriculture. A little experience will modify these opinions. It is soon ascertained that the soil will produce 
abundantly without manure ; that flocks and herds sustain themselves through the winter without being fed at the farm- 
yard, and consequently no labor is necessary to provide forage for them; that ditches are easily dug, which present 
very good barriers for the protection of crops until live fences can be planted and have time to grow. Forest trees may 
be planted with little labor, and in very few years attain a sufficient size for building and fencing purposes. Time may 
be usefully employed in sowing various grain and root crops during the wet or winter season. There is no weather cold 
enough to destroy root crops, and therefore it is not necessary to gather them. They can be used or sold from the field 
where they grow. The lal^or, therefore, required in most uf the old States to fell the forests, clear the land of rubbish, and 
prepare it for seed, may here bo applied to other objects. All these things, together with (he perfevt sfcuritij of all 
cropH in harveat-tiine from injury hy wet weather, are jirobably suffieient to meet any expense which may be incurred 
In irrigation, or caused for a lime by a scanty supply of timber. In the northern part of the State, above latitude 39^, 
and on the hills which rise from the great plain of the Sacramento and San Joaquin to the foot of the Sierra Nevada, 
the Ibrests of timber are beautiful and extensive, and would, if brought into use, be sufficiently productive to supjtiy 
the wants of the southern and western portions of the State. 

The extent and value of the public lands suitable for agricultural pnrposes in California cannot be ascertained with 
any decree of accuracy until some very important preliminary questions shall have been settled. It is not known 
whether the -Icsuits who founded the missions or their successors, the Franciscans, ever did, or do now, hold any title 
from the Spanish crown to the lands which they occupied. Nor has any investigation been made to ascertain how far 
those titles, if they ever existed, have been invalidated by the acts of the priests or the decrees of the Mexican govern- 



CALIFORNIA. 



south of latitude 89°, and «e,l of the valU-y of the Sacramento and San f 3'"' ^jf ^''^'^^ J.',,j ,„ ,u,.;,overnment: 
granta from U,o Mexican government On "-.t of these ^-"'^ ''"7— deseribed 

conditions «ere coupled with many of them wh.oh have not been ™'"P''^'^,^'' '° ' '" :^ ^„ ,„„ „,j, ^,, ,he 

embrace two or three times as much land as the grant conve, ^"^'^''"I'^^^llX'jh. gr'ut distance which 
provincial government, with few exceptions, to be confirmed by "'''/"P"^™ »"' "".;';, ^".^f^e law so expensive 
Lparate tl.em, and the unfrcquent or difficult means of comranmcat.on, "^^^ " ;;7^^^''^™," t ITevious to the 
and tardy that it came .0 be almost disregarded. There were other --;;^/;'^Vwas no' egarded as of much value, 
treaty with Mexico and the immigration of Armr.can cm«.ns '° '^^ ™7' , ^'^^jj^^^^^^^^^^^ dij „ot molest 

except fur grazing purposes. There was room enough for all. Therefore 11 c c a mams ^ p ^_^^,^ ^ 

one another, or inquire into the validity of ftles. These ";''™*'^«J''^"'Xw of Tv^ia ion of several miles in the 
mountains, bays, and promontories, which, in many instances nnght "°^°'^;,'J"'2 United States purchased 
establishment of a comer with chain and compass By^'>'V-f ^jj « ^^^o^ le^ric^ ai he lands which had 
all the rights and interests of Mexico to and m (_ ahforma. This purchase "»' ™'J ™™^^ ,^.,,i^„ ,„i ^t accrue 

not been granted by Mexico, but »>^''---«;'. ^^^t^:^^^^^^^^^ " »„.V.«/.<> 

This vast tract, therefore, eon.aining, as is estimated, from twelve ,> f" '^ ™''''™ "[^"^'^ ;jil,ted in her « 

who have examined this region, that the ooM, M.e,-.. Maclu^d f »**; "'"^/J^^^^r.^, „ppe„'rance of having 
a>^^UnaUon .rUh tU .lua.i'.. Gold is not found on the sur ace »' "^^ ^^^^^'^^ ; J^^,' "^„ „ ,ir,uies, and attended 
been thrown up and scattered in all directions by voleatiic action It ,s onl f"""^.'" f ^ '^^j, '„,„,,; ^„,, i„ ,vhat 
by peculiar circumstances and indications. It is found in the bars f"\« ''^^'^ °' *f ^^^ ;"; ' '^;",., „e hills, have 
are called the "dry diggings." The rivers, in form ng their ^^f'^'^^^^^^. floe flakes and 
come in contact with the quartz containing the god ^"^t^ ^^ ZT^^'^^^^^ °f '"= '"'"^■" 
dust; and it is found among the sand and gravel of '';^^' '■^^.^'.'^^^''^t^f ,^;' ^.n ;, consequently left on each 
reduces it, in the dry season, to the narrowest possible I™'"-- =^' J '''•;;/ H th "vetoeity of some streams is greater 
side, over which the water rushes, during the wet season, with f'-^'^^'Xy^^^r^Xi^- lo the degree of attrition 
Ihat^ that of others, so is the gold found in fine or coarse particles, apparen Ij ^"^^P™'*';^ ;" ^^ ^^^ ,.,„.„, „,, „„ 
lo Which it has been exposed. The -'-.'™™ '^e h s and upper ^^^^^^^^f Z:^, , ,„ „.,eces. In the 
deep ravines, and, wherever it has come in cont.act with ''>■ <!"•''• '"^''^^ ^^^ „„,, ,„„,;„, of ,„a„y of them iu 
dry season, these channels arc mostly without water, and gold is found " "^^ "^^^^^^^ ^^ ^J^^^ ^ 

-cr=ertr^^r=rtr:iurs=^^ 
=^i^rr:^LJ:p^^sr^^ 

'"i^:;y^:;:7o;rro;sr:;'^ ...nd m >>-e— nshave m.e .u^^^^^^^ 

many specimens, they are so -"''•'-•'' "'I^^^/'t-.XtlC.l^-^ " s.rong'urrent of water, 

Jecting it to the action of quicksilver. This gold. '"'L,'''" "f ''™" rirsome pHees spread over valleys of considerable 
retains in a great degree its original conformation. These f '"?'"'^ ' " ".' "^';""\' ,;^'^„„ „„„, „,- decomposed quartz 
extent, which have the appearance of ^^^ ^ -/;-;,t -^^^ ? ^ ■ ^ several vein'.nines have 

and slate earth an 1 vegetable matter. In addition to tlu»e iac«, ■ showing the minute connection 

been discovered in the quartz, fVom which ""'""™' 'Pf '™;"' ' f;:,,'^,™ ^^™;„t "^^^ 

between the gold and the rock, and indicaling a value in he o -"> - f ; ' • n U is combined with the quartz 

the appearan..e of places Where gold -">\\»- ''-'' '"'^^^ '.^'^ ™ ;/' ' ' " ik ng and it would seem, conclusive 

^t:™:;;;:!!-:;: x;;?:;^- r:r:^::;ngi:;;dr:r:d ;: .1. qua^z vei.;. u i, not probable .hat the go. 



CALIFORNIA. 



in Ihe dn- die-'inas ai.d that in the rivers-tho former in lumps, the latter In dust-were created by difTorent proeessee. 
Th-it which is'found in the rivers has undoubtedly been cut or worn from the veins in the rock, with which their currentl 
have come in contact. All of them appear to be equally rich. This is shown by the fact that a laboring man may 
c^Ueet nearly as much in one river as he can in another. They intersect and cut through the gold region, running 
fmm cast to west at irregular distances of mtcen to twenty, and perhaps some of them thirty mUes aparL Hence it 
nnncKrs that Uie gold veins are equally rich in all parts of that most remarkable seetion of country. Were it wantmg, 
to-re are further proofs of this in the ravines and dry diggings, which uniformly conflrm what nature so plainly shows 

"ThtTuk-ksilver mines of California are believed to be numerous, extensive, and valaable. nitherlo this metal, so 
JfuHn the arts and mining, has been chiefly derived from Spain and Mexico, and it^ production been a monopo y 
Se list known mine in Cahfornia is that near San Jos6, which is claimed by Mr Forbes, of Tepic, m Me.xico The 
eim.bar ore which produce the mineral lies near the surface, is casUy procured, and the mine is believed o have been 
rrrrkabrproducti™. Discoveries o£ other like mmcs are reported in other parts of the State, but hltle is publicly 
kn^wn respecting them, the belief being, however, tiat quicksilver wUl be evc.itually found in sufficient quantities for 
arpurposi of extensive mining operations, if not for export. It is, undoubtedly, a fortunate circumstance, that nature, 
to be^lowin- on this Slate such vast metaUio wealth, has thus provided, ahnost in its immediate neighborhood, mei- 
hauslible stores of the only agent by which gold can be successfully separated from its matrices It is aUo believed that 
California is rich in silver, copper, iron, and coal. A silver mine has been discovered a short distance from Monterey, 
which affords a very rich ore, and has been productive in comparison to the labor bestowed in operalmg it. In the 
neirhborhood of San Francisco bituminous coal is abundant, and the indications noted in many other sections leave no 
doubt of the great extent of coal formaUon in the Stale. With regard to other metals, time and circumstances are 
rem^red to develop our knowledge of them ; but there can be but one opinion on tho subject, that California us, m one 
nart or other of its territorv, bounteously supplicl with all the more useful as well as the precious metals. 

California offers a verj- inU-resting and but partially explored Held of research to the botanist. Almost every variety 
of ve''c".tion from the luxuriant productions of the tropics, to the stinted and scanty growth of tho frozen regions may 
be flSnd in this country. The labors of Douglas and others have made known to the world many of the most valuab 6 
!m r Z-irkable snecies Of these it Is possible here to mention only a few. Of the pine and oak, there are several noble 
^nd useful v'arieties in different parts of the country. One of these, p/n ,« Dour/lasii, first described by Douglas is probably 
tt !rwlesrof the whole vegetable tingdom. It is found on tho mountains about the Bay of San Francisco and m 
^ nf X sect ons of California, generally on elevated localities. Specimens of this tree occur of the height of 240 fee. 
Zb-^e of whose trunks have a cirenmference of nearly Co feet. The trunk is quite destiUtle of branches, until above 
.h,n bLf the altitude when th-.y grow outward and upward in such a manner as to give the top the form of a,^ 
to'crtid PK mid. From c n-ls of 'the branches hang the'concs or seed-vessels, from 12 to 15 inches in length, and 
l.h„„ 1 The seeds are as large a. a good sized bean, and furnish a common article of food to the Indians, who 
S. h^^t quanti es of Uiem in tL aututSn, and pound them mto a kind of cake, which is baked on l-ated^onc. 
? o vvood ^9 very flue-grained, and contains a great quantity of resin. The pirn,. A^limi, p. LamherUana, p. noUhs, 
\ TrtiX are also line specie-- "i""!" '"' i- "^» '"»" "'^^ gigantic relative. The former is, however, a large 
Tee beint often foun^ 110 fcet^igb and Som 10 to U in diameter. Among the elevated plains of Upper California it 
;ow^quii plenLT, as also on' tie low hills, near tho coast, where it attains a larger size. The natives frequent y 
S^ldthe ir fl agains these trees to save the trouble of eoUeeting fuel ; by this means, also, a sweet gum is made to 
e "from the "r^k which serves them for sugar. The white oak grows on the low and level part, of the country. It 
Pn t g n"I V a arge tree, being from 40 to 50 feet high, and from 2 to 3 feet in diameter at tlv, bn.e. The top i 
e,rmclv b eland icafv, forming an almost impenetrable mas, of boughs. It is in some places very abundant. The 
1 UmL occup e the prairies, river banks, and lower hills, and is 4 or 5 feet in diameter, with branches of 
' o.Z^ LcLsions cxtendin.. horizontally IVom the trmik. The live oak («. virms) grows only on the highlands 

urXm b.Tf c" in " i^nes., Ind from GO to 70 in height. The maple, the a.,h, the beech, the chestnut, in severd 
va cues compose larVe portions o the forests. It is impossible to give a full description of the flowering shrubs and 
Inm of Ca" fomia so great is their variety and beauty. A species of raspberry (rile. «p.«o«.m) ,s one of the most 
■^1 , fl^wer^ hrubs of the country. It is exceedingly abundant in some localities, and, with m long criimon 
rns and iL' deep V™ leaves, presents an appearance truly lovely. Tho flowers bRxim early ,n spnng. 
In many Plecs a efouiid several swedes of .umulus, one of which is from 3 to 4 feet in height, and ,s a very 
, Tvllin This country also h.as numerous species of yvWoo, and Vi.c4«-.r, and innumerable quantities of ep.Jo- 
t^Xl^^^ :rL:',«...«>.-i, .<.««-, or poppy, ,;e^«„.«»,and ,^e^ ^Z:' Zt!^^ 
here, the roots of which are eaten by the natives. The .SH/^»e.,c.i..,i«a grows " -^^f;,^ ^f^^ :^! V,!^ e I n do in 
the natives ■' nmimashr and the root forms a very common article of food. To prepare this tor oat nu, a n 
b g an,l, and a number of stones placed in it, on which a Are is kindled and ''•'P' '"™'"f ™ ;^'> TheH c weS 
whc; the Are is extinguished, and the roots, wrapped in straw, leaves, and m,.ss, are placed "P™ t um^ ^„/^aderio 
^'s^cd in a few hours', and are then taken off and hung up to dry. ^t^ZTyZ^^^^ hey "re ^^ to 
cakes, which are preserved for liature use ; the ta,ste ,s sweet, and r.ather agreeable but ''«=''>■" ^^^^ /f j^,,,^ i„ 
produce diarrhea. This plant is most abund.ant on the banks of rivers and on '''^f "f' ^^*f„,'^^";f,'^, ,„ il,,;^ 
^•bich localities are also found several species o^ pyrola, capHfim.. .nAlupuuu., whu^h — ^;;;"™fl ™\™^, 
extent of land. The ariutus is also abundant in similar situations. The large ^P":^'" <";f:3'; ^ " 'Z, „f „„ 
frequently attaining a growth which entitles it to be called a tree. The a. uva ur.n is found n almost ev er, part of the 
^l^er sections of the country, and it. berries are frcquetjtly eaten by the natives, and even ' '^^ - •^^■^;7^;-^' 
plant to the native, is the ^^ik« ten.., the flbr« "^ -l"- ' "^ ='3?-; ,^ ^^^f L me linger is so strong a, 
by the Indians for the purpose of snaring deer and other animals, »" ' ™' "'^ '^^l^^ plentifully. The sand-hills and 
not to be broken by the largest elk. The gooseberry S-^ '" J^^'^f ™";f„' ! ^; , 'e and hundd soil grows a gaudy- 
moors are covered with a great variety of syngenesious P'"""-'' "" °" *;^™^j remarkable shrub here is the y*/iv,, a 

Zr:j violent inflammation It is a slender shnib, pre.rring e-». ™ ;- .^t^^ ^ '^he'^ar: ^^M 
crenatcd leaf. Two roots— the plants of which are very beautiful— are usca oy ine nainos n ' ' . . ^, , 

"and s.mat^ On the rocky coast of Monterey are Inmicnse collections of sea-weed, /i«-« pynjon,^, which 

r 



CALIFORNIA. 



are said to have gathered there In such abundance as to have saved several vessels from splitting on the rocks, when 
driven on them by the tcmpesL 

The animal kingdom in California is made up of most of the zoological varieties found east of the Eocky Mountains, 
and of some few species peculiar to the region itself. The black bear {ursn^ AniericaTiu^) is an inhabitant of many 
districts, and in its habits and appearance differs little from Its congener of the north ; the barren-ground bear {ui»u9 
arcttn) is of a lighter color, but in every other respect similar to the black bear; the grizzly boar (^Jirsus/eroip) is also a 
denizen, and is the most formidable wild animal of tlie country. The Polar bear {urtms maritimus) is sometimes seen 
on the northern coast, but is evidently a stranger, borne down ou floating ice from the higher latitudes. The raccoon 
{procymi lotor), the American badger (m^s salradoira), the glutton or wolverine {gulo licaoics\ the common weasel 
{must^a vulgaris), the ermine (7/1. er77ii7iea% the mink, martin, and skunk, are found in various parts, and are valuable 
for their furs. In many parts wolvea are very numerous. The species mostly seen are the common wolf {lupus Arn^eri- 
caivus), the gray wolf (^. griseu-8)yihe dusky wolf (/. nui/ili-^), the black wolf (^.a^r), and the prairie wolf (ca?ij« latratis). 
Foxes are common, and of these two species exist, the red fox {canh/alcue) and the gray fox (c. cin^reo-argenUUtui). 
Of the cat tribe there are several species, as the cougar or puma {felis concohr), the northern I\tix (/. cariadensi-s), the 
banded lynx (/. fasciatii), and the red Ijtix (/ rn/a). These inhabit mostly the dense forests and thickly-wooded si-les 
of the monntains, preying on deer and other animals. In the Sacramento and San Joaquin rivers, as well as on many 
parts of the coast, the common hair seal ( phoca t^Uellina) is abundant, and follows the track of the salmon. The beaver 
{castor fiber) and the musk rat {fiber zebethicus) are also common, especially at the confluence of the Sacramento with 
the Bay. The quality of the for of these latter animals, however, is inferior to that obtained more to the north. The 
moose {cercus alces) is found in all the woody and mountain regions, and near the coast, and the elk {cervus canadeii- 
tis) roams through the valleys in immense herds. There are many other species of deer found in various parts, as the 
black-tailed deer (c. 7nacrotis\ the long-tailed or jumping deer (c. leiK^rus), etc. ; and the prong-homed antelope (a. 
furcifer) is found in considerable numbers. The mountain sheep, or argali {ovis inontann\ inhabits the loftiest and 
coldest mountains ; in its general appearance It resembles the large domestic sheep, but has horns out of all proportion 
to iis body, and is covered with a coarse short hair, of a dingy broivTi color, which can scarcely be called wool. The 
Dison {bos Americmius) Is seldom seen, but is not altogether nnkno^Mi to the hunter. The sea otter {lutra marinn) is 
abundant along the coast, and at the mouths of rivers, and the land otter {I. Bra^AUenM*) is found in many parts of the 
country. Of rats, mice, marmots, hares, rabbits, and squirrels, there are numerous species in all parts of the country. 

Among the feathered tribes of California, tlic flrst worthy of notice is the great vulture {Harcoramphos Caii/ornia7iu^\ 
second only to the huge condor of South America, and closely allied to it in many respects. It is met with along the 
whole coast; it is solitary in its habits, rapacious, of enormous size, and singular in conformation and appearance, and 
seems to hold the same position in the Bcener>- of this country as its European congener, the lammergeyer, in that of the 
Alps. It builds in the highest trees of the mountain forests, and only approaches the valleys in search of its carrion food. 
"When full gro\vn, it measures about 4 feel 8 inches from beak to end of the tail, and from 9 to 10 feet from tip to tip of its 
■wings. Its color is brownish black, the bill and legs yellow, and its quills are much esteemed by the hunter for making 
tubes for his pipe. The turkey buzzard {catJtai-ies aura) is also found here, but is not common, but the black vulture 
(caihm-te^ atratvs) is found in everj' part. The golden eagle {aquila chrysotm\ the bald eaglo {aquU-a leucocephal<i\ 
the osprey or flsh-hawk {aijuila halloa), the black hawk or peregrine falcon (/a^co^ewt/rj/m-s), the jer-falcon (/i/^co 
islandious)^ and several others of kindred species, but of lesser note, are found here, as the sparrow-hawk, the pigeon- 
hawk, and the gos-hawk — the latter identical with the European species so celebrated in the royal sport of falconry. 
Owls of various species are found throughout the countrj' ; and among the birds common to the temperate region of the 
continent may be mentioned the shrike, the robin, the cat-bird, the thrush, the lark, the red-wing, the cross-bill, the raven, 
the magpie, the jay, the wood-pecker in numerous varieties and species. In some parts of the south the humming-bird 
is quite numerous, and swallows of every descriptiun — bam, cliff, and bank swallows — are as common as in any other 
section of the Union. There is probably no other country which produces so many varieties of grouse, or in so great 
numbers. The bays, inlets, and rivers are alive with water-fowl, and the low lands near the outlets of some of the streams 
in the Pacific coast actually swarm with geescT ducks, widgeons, teal, cranes, curlews, snipes, and various other waders 
and swimmers. The swan {ci/gnus buccimitor) is the largest swimming bird of the country, and seems to differ nothing 
from the same species elsewhere. The white pelican {p. ofwcrotalus) is found on the coast, and large numbers frequent 
the bays and harbors. Off Uie coast, too, may bo seen the mighty albatross ; specimens of enormous size are sometimes 
Been, measuring 4 feet in length and 10 or 12 across the wings. 

The waters of California are replete with fish of every size and variety. The seas swarm densely, and the bays and 
rivers are alive with their peculiar denizens. The California Gulf produces great numbers of edible shell-fish. The 
oyster, the pearl-shell, the mnscle, several species of baliotls, all afford either food or articles of trade and ornament to 
the inhabitants. In California fish arc generally little sought after, the productions of the earth being so numerous 
and plentiftil ; but in the colder regions of the north they afford the common, and sometimes the sole subsistence of the 
natives. In the Columbia, as well as in the San Joaquin and Sacramento rivers, and in almost every water-course 
having its outlet in the sea, the number of {salmc) salmon are almost incredible. On some of these rivers from two to 
three thousand are sometimes taken in a single day. The Indians sometimes capture them with a kind of wicker basket 
mmilar to that used by the fishermen on the Atlantic coast for taking lobsters. This is done in the spring, when the fish 
are on their passage up tlie stream. They are also taken with the spear, which consists of a sharp piece of bone fastened 
to the end of a shaft of wood 12 or 15 feet in length, and which the Indians use with great dexterity, frequently securing 
MLlmon of from 20 to 30 pounds in weighL The flsh aro dried or salted, and preserved for I\iture use. Tbey are also 
sometimes taken with only a small scoop net, fastened to tlio end of a pole. Douglas speaks of an individual measured 
by him which was 3 feet 5 Inches long, and 10 inches broad, weighing S5 pounds. This size is not exasgeratcd, 
Bpecimens nearly or quite as large having often been seen. Some of the streams also abound with very fine 
Balmon-trout, and with a small trout nearly resembling the one which affords so much sport to the anglers of tlie 
older States. The sturgeon {aceipenser tran»m</nt<inu8) sometimes attjiins great size in the larse rivers, being 
from 8 to 10 feet in length, and weighing nearly 500 pounds. In general, however, this flsh is of much smaller dimen- 
Dons. It is principally found not far from the mouths of the rivers. In the Ray of Monterey is a species of mackerel 
{sooinher coitus) in great plenty, and easily taken. Here, as well as in most other parts of the coast, also swim schools 
of a small flsh resembling, if not identical with, the sardine of Italy, familiar to epicures. These are sometimes seen in 
each immense numbers that the surface of the water for a great distimce around resembles a living mass, being kept in 
98 



CALIFORNIA. 



oir ans. Porpoises are very numerous in almost every bay on the whole coast, and in foul 



constant commotion by theit 

„,^ii,..r miv ilwiTs be Seen tilavin" their pranl;3 on me waves, wnue lar lu uic .j.u..s .>i.i'^-- — -f .^ - 

wta le Tite hlubut, nll-han" sL.e, tur J. bonito, and many other species, arc found in various parta of .he sea-eoasL 

t;^'n"r<^ra,,n..^ro,nHot.Uc^..s.n article of eommeree, is well known. Ihc pearls produced bj 
The following are the population returns referred lo: 

Pniiclnns' 
Estluinle. 

. . 14,000 



Couiiti-^- *^'*- 

Butte ■i'S^S 

Calaveras 16,834 IG.QOO.... 

Colusi 115... (with Trinity). 

ContraCosla 722 COO.... 



. S.572 

, 20,192 

612 

. 2,745 



El Dorado 20,9S5 . 



22,000 eetim. 40,000 



Klamath (from Trinity) 



. .no returns. 
. . . 323 . 
. . . 4,400 . 
66. 
... 1,ST2 . 
... 414. 



6,000 .. 

600 .. 
4,600 . . 

400 . . 
2,000 . . 
l.COO .. 



Los Angeles 

Marin 

Mariposa. . . 
Mendocino . 
Monterey... 

Napa 

Kevada (from Yuba) 

PI ji,er (from El Dorado) 

Sacramento '.'. U,000 12,000 

Ban Diego no returns . . . 2,000 

Ban Joaquin 4,000 5,000 

Ban Francisco 21,000 26,000 36,161 



530 
. 7,S31 
. 1.036 
. 8,969 
. 416 
. 2,72S 
. 2,116 
. 21,363 
. 10,784 
. 12,5S9 
. 2,932 
. 6,029 



San Louis Obispo .... 1 ,:M6 

Santa Barbara 1,165 

Santa Clara 3,502 

Santa Cruz 074 

Shasta 378 

Sierra . 



KstiiTiate. 

500 . 

2.500 . 

5,000 . 
1,000 . 
(with Trinity).. 



9S4 
2.1S1 
6.664 
1,219 
4.O50 



(from Yuba) 4.855 

Siskiyou ........ (from Trinity, Shast6, & Klamath) 2,240 

Solano 5S0 1.600 2,8.35 

Sonoma 561 1,600 2.33T 

Sutter 8,030 3,000 1.207 

Trinity 659 10,200 1.764 

Tuolumne no returns. .. . 20,000 17.657 

Tulare ... (from Mariposa) 8,5i5 

Yolo " ' 1,008 1,000 1,307 

Yuba. 19,032 22,000 22,005 



Total. 



, 117,633 180,000 264,4-35 




collect whiLtever of notable oltje<.-ls mig 



ighl come within their observation. These instructions not havmg been recei.ed 



ed out in a portion of the counties. 



A 



'"l^rC^-^--- i:;:::^:^;..ties .avm. .i,ed to furt^sb any >n.rmation ot. U,ese „, we are ,e« 
10 conclude that much of the most useful and interesting matter in this branch --'-/^'/^''^^ ^ ' ,^ ^ ^ ,„pec.3 
•'Pnm,Mio„.-ll will be observed that the county of LI Dorado has not been as jet '^''""'° '' ' . „(^, 'th,, 
popiuon or productions. This is admitted to be one of the most populous ^'^^^'^^^Z :^ ^^^ -. -1 
vofe oast in this county at the late general election was as appears from *°;^'"™^ ™ ,f P ^\" tuNl c^ontain 40,000 
ju.l.ing from the relation generally obtaining in th,s State between ""'■^J"'* ,\"2,e' Te i- u. y of San Franci;co, 
inhabitants. This county cast a vote of 2,844 greater than any other county m the Stale. Tl,e mnu 
with ,t population of 36,161, casts 8,408 votes. The county of Yuba w,th ^^'^^^^^^^ ,,,, „ pop^,,,,,. 
The county .>f Nevada, with a population of 21,.305, casts a vo e of 6 4,4 The outifj of Out.u e ^ l„l,^i„;^g 

or 20,192, cast, a vote of 6.132. The county of K. Dorado, "■;-«-•;;; :'f^;'^^''^,V/hUedm other counties between 
a population of 40,000: which is, in fact, an under estimate, preserMng the pa allcl ""' ' population 

J number of votes and inhabitants. Esti.na.iug the populaUon of LI »°"'';f ^* ^^ ;„™„'f^^;J, .^.t Coun.v, ttnd 
of the SUtte 264.4.36. This appears from the actual returns of the censu , w .th 'J,^^ "« P"^^ °' '^ „^„.^.^,^,^^ ;„„, ,„ 
the data upon which I have based the estimate of that c,,un y are g.ven abo. . Tb re -"j^^ " ;;,^_.;__ ^,^ ,^^ ^^^^ ^„, 
consequence of the difflcuUics previously tnenl.oned, not more than « - f ' ' '' ;",^^ fact of their inal,ilitv to obtrtin 
been taken. The reports of all the census agents -}o i,..ejn^e re^<>^ ^ pCI'tionreturned and that' estimated 

8 believed U 
popular vole at the late general election was 76,890, according t-J the fl«['°"__^f^"™ ™. J 



casts a vote of 4,276. 



set forth the fact of their inaliility to obtain 
rhewl"ole"populalion"of their respective counties ; adding then one-sixth to the pop 
for Kl Dorado Count v, cives the population of the State at 308,607, which .8 behev 



ed lo be about correct. t:>ur entire 
(lie in this office, estimating the 



CALIFORNIA. 



incrense in tlie course of two years, lakincf the actual returns of the cen3U3, of 99.435, an annual iucrea.se of 49,717, and 
an increase of 30 per cent, per annum; of llie increase per cent, per annum, the United States, according to tlie ialo 
census, was 3^, showing a difference of increase between the State of California and the other States of the Union of 
2tii per cent per annum. Taking, however, the estimated and more probable census of the State, namely, 808.507, and 
it gives an annual positive increase of 71,753, an increase of 43 per cent per annum, and a difference of increase per 
cent, between California and other Slates of Syj. 



'• This population is composed as follows : 

TVhite inhabitants, male 151.115 

" " female 29,741 

Citizens over 21 years of age 93,344 

Negroes, male 1,637 

" female 953 

" over 21 years of age 1,259 

Mulattoea, male 424 

" female 9S 

" over 21 years of age 4ii7 

Indians (domesticated), male 19,675 

female 12,S64 



Indians over 21 years of age 15.S66 

Foreign residents, male 50,631 

female 4,360 

" over 21 years of age 89,444 

TOTAL. 

■Whites 180.856 

Citizens over 21 years of age 93,344 

Negroes 1,S90 

Mulaltoes 523 

Indians (domesticated) 82,539 

Foreign residents 54.991 

" In this estimate the county of EI Dorado is not included, which will probal>ly add to the whites 30.(X)0 ; to the citizens 
of the United States over 21 years of age 12.0(Kt ; t») the negroes 200 ; to the mulatloes 50 ; to the Indians 1.000 ; and to 
the foreign residents 5,000— making a final total of whites, 210,S5S ; citizens over 21 years of age, 105,344 ; negroes, 2,090; 
mulatloes, 572 ; Indians (domesticated). 33.539 ; foreign residents, 59.991. 

"The counties of Nevada, Placer, and Yuba have reported 9,S09 Chinese. The other counties have embraced them 
witli'iut discrimination under the general head of foreign residents, the number is believed to approximate S.'i.OOO. 

'^ Producti&ns and CcipiUd.—VndeT this hcfid, I regret to stale, that not only the county of Kl Dorado, entire, but thai 
of Calaveras, also, in part, two of the most wealthy and productive of the State, have to be omitted, not having as yet 
been returned. 

"A few of the counties have reported on the subjects of horticulture, manufactures, milling, farming, and farming 
uleosils, separately, while the others have combined them under the general head of * capital employed for other purposes.' 

" The following items are not included under the general head above mentioned : 

Capital employed in stock, farming, and gardening $1,857,502 00 

'* " fruits and orchards 366,910 00 

" " improvements and real estate 6,348,346 00 

" '' farming utensils 125,940 00 

" " milling , 240,S50 00 

— making the total capital employed for purposes other than those specified under general heads $49,800,951. Estimate 
of El Dorado and Calaveras counties, 10,000,000— making $59,S00,9S1. 

'■ The articles of sheep, hogs, and poultry, although not specifically required by law, have been reported upon from 
twenty counties, and are as follows: sheep, S2,S67, at $12 each— $994,404 ; hogs, SS,976, at $10 each— 389,760 ; poultry, 
96,230, at $2 each— 192,460 ; total value, $1,576,624. 

" For Ihe number of horses, mules, cows, beef cattle, work oxen, bushels of barley, oats, wheat, potatoes, corn, acres 
of land in cullivalion, quartz-mills, capital invested in quartz mining, capital invested in Placer mining, capital invested 
in other mining, and capital employed for other purposes, reference is made to thestjitisticsofdifforent counties respectively. 

"The following is the estimated value of the live-stock and agricultural products. These prices are given at an aver- 
age much below the market value : 



Li»eati>c)c. 

Horses at $30 $1,943,190 00 

Mules at 50 823 900 00 

Cows at 50 5.216,950 00 

Beef cattle., at 25 7,S54,S00 00 

Work oxen, at 50 1,453,250 00 



$17,327,090 00 



Agricultural Producta. 

Barley at $1 40 per bushel $3,163,227 00 

Oats at 100 '* 100.497 00 

Wheat at 2 40 " 652,231 00 

Potatoes at 1 50 " 2,0S9,755 00 

Com at 2 50 " 156.830 00 



$6,162,040 00 



The counties o^onoma, Sania Cruz. Santa Clara, Sacramento, Napa, Mendocino, Los Angeles, and Contra 

Costa have reported 5,5.'i8,6oo pounds onions, valued at $1S6,000 

The counties of Yolo, Sierra, Santa Barbara, Santa Cniz, Santa Clara, and Monterey have reported 2,859.250 

cabbages, valued at 60,777 

The counties of Sonoma. Santa Barbara, Santa Clara, and Monterey have reported 30,271 bush, of beans, value 72,492 

The county of Santa Barbara has reported 1,370 barrels oli\'es, valued at 27.400 

Tlie counties of Simta Barbara and Santa Clara have reported 26.S1I grape vines, valued at SG.Sll 

The counties of Yolo, Sonoma, Sierra. Sacramento, and Mendneino have reported 490,990 lbs. turnips, valued .. 14,927 

The county of Sacramento has reported 1,039.800 pounds tomatoes, valued at 82,403 

The countits of Santa Clara and Sacramento have reported 1.107,5i'0 pounds of carrota, valued at 8:1.225 

The coui>ty of Sacramento has reported 858 acres of melon?, valued at 17.900 

The coiirtiy of Sacramento has reported 460.000 ptunpkini, valued at 46,000 

The county of Santa Clara h:is reported 508,000 bricks, valued at 10,160 

The county of Marin has reported 1 ,500.000 bricks per month, valued at (per annum) 360.000 

The oountifs of Santa Barbara and Los Apgeles have reported 73.162 g,allons wine, value ■, 146.924 

And 73.056 gallons lirandy 109,5S4 

The counties of Santa Cruz and Nevada have reported capital invested in roanufacturea 6,300 

100 



CAL 



CAM 



"Showing tolal capital and productions of the State as follows : 



Horticulture, manufactures, etc $1,150,000 

Quartz mining 5,sTl ,405 

Placer " 4.174.419 

Other " 8,851 .C-2S 

Estimate for El Dorado mining 2.5oo,(iu(} 



Total capital employed for purposes oiher than 
those specified under general heads, includ- 
ing estimates for EI Dorado and Calaveras. . $59,800,000 

Live-stock ls.9i)3,714 

Agricultural products 6.16'2,040 

Laud in cullivatiim 1,107,480 

Estimate for El Dorado and Calaveras 5,000,000 $10 8,52 0.051 

" In the above estimate it will be observed that the value of no land except that in actual cultivation is included. 
" "WiUi these facts now before us. it may not be uninteresting or devoid of utility to lake a comparative view »»f oui 
position in reference to the other States of ihe I'nion. 

" ITorsr.s. — In these we are iu advance of flfi*-en of the States. JIuIes. — In these wo are in advance of twenty-six of 
Uie States. Miich Cons.~\n these we are in advance of twelve of the States. WorL- Oxen.— In these we are in advance 
of eight of the States. Sii^ep. — In these, although having returns from only twenty counties, wo are in advance of ftur 
States. Sivine. — In these, although only twenty counties have reported, we are in advance of three States. Vahif* of 
Lire-stock-.— In this we surpass twenty-two of the States. Harlei/.— In this we are only equaled by one State, Now York. 
■We raise more than one-half as much of this article as is produced in the whole Union besidt»s. PotutoeK — In this 
again we stand next to New York, and raise one-flfih the quantity prodLico<I by the balance of the Union. Wh^at. — In 
this we surpass ten of the Slates. Oats.~la this we cultivate mure than three-fourths of our sister Slates. huHan Com. 
^We produce less of this than any State of the Union. ^a»s.— In this we surpass nine of the Suites, notwithstanding 
only Ave counties have reported the quantity produced. Ilay.—ln this, though not returned from more than one-half 
counties, we exceed nine of the Slates. Fruits.— \n these we excel all the Slates in variety, and one-half in quantity 
proiluced. Mininy.—ln lUis br.ineh of industry we stand not only without a parallel, but without a competitor. Ayri- 
cxdiure. — This important branch lias been comparatively but little alten<ied to In this State, and consequently in the \alue 
of cultivated land we are surpassed by all the States of the Union. The fact, liowever, that we excel most of them in 
the productions of the soil, shows Ihe fertility and productiveness of our lands in a most favorable light. Trade. — Yolo, 
Trinity, Sutt^-r, Santa Cruz, San Diego, Sacramento, and Nevada counties have reported merchandise to the amount 
of $4,1100,000. The remainder of the counties Iiave included this item, with others, under the general hi-ad of ' Capital' 
employed for other purposes — in tliese. too. we surpass more than one-half the States. Miiicralfi.—ThG umny interi-sting 
geological developments made by the census, place our State far iu advance of all her sistc-rs in the variety and import- 
ance of these great handmaids of science and civilization. Many matters of interest are touched upon in the reports of 
the different agents, which, on account of their isolated character, could not be arranged under general heads and class- 
ified. I have, therefore, endeavored to supply this defect by reference to Ihera in this manner. It is needless to say 
the estimates submitted in this report are not claimed to be entirely accurate, but sufficiently so for practicable purposes. 
They will be found, I think, to present no exaggerated representation of our resources."" 
Vallejo is the capital of the State ; the Legislature of 1S53, however, sat at Benicia. 

California, L and p. c, Branch co., Mich. : 06 m. S. by 
"W'. Lansing. 

California, p. v., Tallabasha co., 3fiss. : 109 m. N. by 
E. Jackson. 

California, p. v., Clermont co., Ohio: 87 m. S. W. Co- 
lumbus. 

California, p. v., and cap. Moniteau co.. Mo. : 21 m. "W. 
Jefferson City. 

California, p. v., Floyd co., Ga. : 145 m. N. W. Mil- 
ledgeville. 

Calk's Ferry, p. o., Lexington dist., >S'. Car. 

Callaghan's. p. o., Alleghany co., Virg.: at the forks 
of the roads leading to the Hot and Sulphur Springs, 5 m. 
■W. of Covington, and 141 m. W. liichmond. 

Cali^nds, p. o., Pittsylvania co., Virg. : 122 m. "W. S. "W. 
Kichmond. 

Callaway county, Ky. Situat^ W. on S. border, and 
contains 4G0 sq. in. Drained by Clark's and Bhx>d rivers, 
tributaries of the Tennessee, which lies on its E. border. 
Surface level, and soils modemtcly fertile. The products 
are wheat and Indian corn, with some tobacco and cotton. 
Farms 9;>3 ; manuf. 7 : dwell. 1,191, and pop.— wh. 7.09i, fr. 
col. 10, b1. 992— total 6,096. Capital: Murray. 

Callaway county, Mo. Situate centrally on Missouri r. 
and contains 640 sq. m. Drained by Au Va.se and other 
creeks. Surface undulating, with good timber, and the soils 
fertile. "Wheat, com. and tobacco are the chief produ<-t.s. 
Farms 1,169; manuf. S3; dwelU, 612, and pop.— wh. 9.S9S, 
fr. col. 22. si. 3,907— total 13,327. Cajntal: Fulton. 

Cali.enseorg, p. o.. Clarion co., Penn. : on the S. si<le 
of Clarion r., a tributary of Alleghany r., 152 m, W. N. W. 
Ilarrisburg. 

Callensville, p. v., Pendleton co., Ky, : 49 m. N- E. 
Frankfort. 

Callicoon, p. v., Sullivan co., iV. T.: on the E. side of 
Ihe Delaware r., 86 m. S. W. Albany. 



Callicoon Dep6t, p. o., Sullivan co., K. T. : on the New 
York and Erie E. li., 141 m. from New York, and 323 from 
Dunkirk. 

Calx, p. o., Chester co., Pmn.: 53 m. E. by S. Ilarris- 
burg. 

Calno, p. o., Warren co., K. Jor. : 51 m. N. by W. 
Trenton. 

Calumet county, TTwo. Situate N. E. on Lake W^inne- 
bago, and contains 324 sq. m. Drained chiefly by the head 
streams of Manitouwoc and Sheboygan rivers. Surface va- 
ried — in the centre traversed by a rocky ridge ; and timber 
abundant. Farms 125; manuf. 4; dwell. 3S8, and jiop. — 
wh. 1.721, fr. col. 122— total 1.S43. CapiUl: Manchester. 

Calumet, p. o.. Porter co., Itul. : on Calumet cr., 134 m. 
N. N. W. Indianapolis. 

Calumet Village, p. v., Fond du Lac co., Wi9c.: on 
the S. E. side of Winnebago Lake, S^S m. N. E. Madison. 

Calumic river, hvl. : rises on the W. side of La Porte co., 
and runs W. nearly parallel with Lake Michigan, into 
Illinois; there a part of it empties into the lake, 15 m. N. E. 
of Chicago, and the other part returns directly E., parallel 
with its former course, and only 3 or 4 m. N. of it, falling 
into Ihe lake at its extreme southern bend. The name was 
derived from calnmi>t, the Indian "pipe of peace." Ita 
original name was Ken-no-mo-kong. 

Calvary, p. v., Athens co., Ohio: 63 m. S. E. Columbus. 

Calveet county, Md. Situate W. shore, and contains 
239 sq. ra. Drained by creeks falling into Chesapeake Bay 
and Paluxent r. Surface undulating, rising from the waters; 
soil a flue mold, producing tobacco, com, wheat, etc. Farms 
484 ; dwell. I,'i00. .and pop.— wh. 3,630, fr. col. 1,430, si. 4,4Sa 
— total 9,646. Capital : Prince Frederick. 

Cal^tn, p. o., Huntingdon co., Pemu : 69 m. W. Ilar- 
risburg. 

Camak, p. v., "Warren co., Ga. : on the line of the Geor- 
gia IX. E., 47 m. from Augusta, and 45 E. N. E. Milledge 

101 



CAM 



CAM 



ville. A branch E. E. hence diverges to ■\Varronton, dis- 
tant 4 ra. 

Camancue, p. v., Clinton co.^ /.;. ; on the W. aido of the 
Mississippi r., 67 m. E. by N. Iowa City. A ruih-oad is pro- 
jected to run hence to Iowa City. 

Camaugo, p. v., Lancjiater co., I'etm. : 46 m. E. S. E. 
Barrisburg. 
Camargo, p. v., Lincdln co., Tenn. : 69 m. S. Nashville. 
Camaego, p. T., Monroe co., Mi<is. : \A'l ra. N. E. Jackson. 
Camargo, p. v., Jefferson ct)., Ijvi. : 76 m. S. E. Indian- 
apolis. 

Camakgo, p. T., Montgomery co., Ky. : 63 m. E. by S. 
FrankforL 

Cambria county, Penn. Sitoato W. centrally, and con- 
tains 720 sq. m. Drained by W. branch of Susquehanna r., 
and the head waters of the Connemaugh. Surface rough 
and sometimes mountainous— the AJleghanies making its 
E. and Laurel Ridge its W. border. The soils are of aver- 
age fertility. Farms 1,0S9; manuf. 126; dwell. 2,899i and 
pop.— wh. 17.645, fr. col. 123— total 17,773. Capital: Ebens- 
burg. Public Works: Fenusylvania Canal and Fennsyl- 
Tania E, E. 

Cambria, p. v., Lucemo co., Penn. : 67 m. N. E. Hairia- 
burg. 

Cambria, p. v., HiUsdalo co., Mic7u : 63 m. S. by W. 
Lansing. 

Cambria, t. and p. v., Niagara co., A'. K ; 243 m. W. 
Albany. The Eochester, Lockport, and Niagara Falls E. E. 
passes through the t., 64 m. from Eochester. Pop. 2,366. 

Cambria, p. o., and cap. "Wayne co., la. : 112 m. S. "W. 
by W. Iowa City. 

Cambria Mills, p. c, HiUsdalo co., MicJi, ; 63 m. 9. by 
TV. Lansing. 

Cambridge, p. v., Dallas co., Ala, : C2 m. "W. S. W. 
Montgomery. 

Cameeidgk, p. v., Dane co., Wise. : on the TV. side of a 
stream flowing into Lake Koshkonong, 19 iilE. by 8. 
Madison. 

Cambridge, city and p. o., ^Vayne co., Ind. : on the "W. 
Iwanch of White "Water r., where it is crossed by the Na- 
tional Eoad and the Indiana Central E, E., 52 m. E. In- 
dianapolis. The White "Water Canal has its northern ter- 
minus at Hagerstown, Tm, N. of Cambridge. 

Cambridge, p. v., Henry co., JIL: 93 m, N. N. W. 
Springtleld. 

Cambridge, p. v., and cap. Dorchester co., 3[d. : on the 
B. side of Choplank r., 12 m. from Chesapeake Bay, and 37 
m. S. Y.. ^Vnnapolis. 

Cambridge, t. and p. o., Somerset co., Me. : 47 m. N. by E. 
Augusta. Pop. 633. 

Ca-mbridge, t. and p. o., I.eaaweo oo., Mich, ; M m, 3. 
by E. Lansing. Pop. 974. 

Cambridge, p. v., Saline co., Mo. : on the S. sido of the 
Missouri r., 64 m. W. N. "W. Jefferson City. 

Cambridge, t., p. city, and cap. Middlesex co., Masa. : 
8 m. N. W. Boston. The Observatory stands in lat. 42° 22' 
4S", and long. 71° 08' "NV. Cambridge is the seat of Harvard 
University, one of the most flourishing schools of the United 
States, founded 163S ; and hero is located Mount Aubvirn 
Cemetery, a spot remarkable for its natural beauties. The 
public buildings are at East Cambridge, at Lechmcre's 
Point, a V. at the 9. E. extremity of the t., which la eon- 
nected with Boston and Charlestown by bridges. A news- 
paper, the " C. Chronicle," is issued weekly. The t Is also 
connected with Boston by E. E. Pop. 15,215. 

Cambridge, t. and p. v., "NN'ashington co., X. Y. : on 
Hoosic r., 31 m. N. N. E. Albany. Pop. 2,593. 

Cambridge, t, p. v., and cap. Guernsey co., Ohio : on the 
E. bank of Wells cr., 72 m. E. Columbus. Pop. of L 2,4S9. 
CAMBBrDGE, p. T., AUbeviUo dist., S. Car. : 74 m W. by 
N. Columbia. 

Cambridge, t and p. c, Lamoille co., Verfti. : on X^a- 
moille r., 31 m. N. "W. Montpelier. pop. 1,&49, 
102 



Cambridge, p. v., Lancaster co., Penn. : 46 m. £. S. E 

Ilarrisburg. 

C.vMBBiDGE Port, p. o., Middlesex co., Mass. : 2 m. N.'W. 
Boston. It is a place of considerable commerce, and sev- 
eral manufactures are established hero. It has lately been 
incorporated with Cambridge City. 

Cambridge Poet, p. v., Windham co., Verm, : 93 m. Sv 
Montpelier. 

Camdkx county, Ga. Situate S. E. comer, facing the 
Atlantic, and having for its S. boundary Si. Mar>-"3 r., and 
contains 705 sq. m. Drained by Buffalo cr., SantiUa r., and 
several streams tributaries of the SL M;u-y's. Surface low 
and sandy, with swamps. Eice ami cott*:)n are the principal 
products. Farms 335; manuf. 5; dwell. 642, and pop. — 
wh. 2,069, fr. col. 4, si. 4,246— total 6,319. CapitoZ: Jeffer- 
sonton. 

Camden county, Mo. Situate centrally, and contains 4S0 
sq. m. Drained by Osage r. and its tributaries. Surface 
level or undulating, with considerable woodland and a soil 
of great fertility. Farms 214; dwell. 360, and pop.— wh. 
2,20S, fr. col. 0, si. 130— total 2.333. Capital: Erie. 

Camdes county, N. Jer. Situate "W. middle, on Dela- 
ware r., and contains 26S sq. m. Watered by creeks of the 
Delaware, Surface flat ; soils moderately fertile. Farms 
731 ; manuf. 143 ; dwell. 4,090, and pop.— wh. 23,325, fr. col. 
2,097, si. 0— total 25,422. Capital : Camden. Ihihlic Works : 
Camden and Amboy E. E. 

Camden county, K Car. Situate N. E. between Pas- 
quotank and North rivers, and contains 22S sq. m. Surface 
low and marshy, and soils indiffL-rent. Farms 579 ; manuC 
15 ; dwell. 770, and pop.— wh. 3,572, fr. col. 290, si. 2,1S7— 
total 6,049. Capital : Camden C. H. 

Camden, p. v., and cap. Wilcox co., Ala. : on a cr. of 
Alabama r., 63 ra. W. S. W. Montgomery. 

Camdex, p. v., and cap. Benton co., Penn. : about 6 m. 
W. of Tennessee r., and 69 W. Nashville. The Nashville 
and Mississippi E. E. will pass through this place. 

Camden, p. v., and cap. Washita co.. Ark. : on the W. 
side of Washita r., 73 m. S. by E. Little Eock. 

Camden, p. v., Kent co., Del. : on the S. branch of Jones* 
cr., 3 m. S. by E. Dover. 

Camden, p. v., Carroll co., Ind. : on the N. side of Pas- 
sianong cr., 63 m. N. N. TV. Indianapolis. 

Camden, p. o., Schuyler co., lU. : on a tributary of Crook- 
ed cr., 84 m. W. N. "W. Springfield. 

Camden, t and p. v., Waldo co.. Me. : on the W. side of 
Penobscot bay, 36 m. E. by S. Augusta. It has a good har- 
bor and a number of vessels employed in the coasting trade 
and tlie fisheries. Lime is the principal staple, and is export- 
ed in large quantities. Ship-building is also an extensive 
employment at this port Pop. 4,005. 

Camden, p. v., Madison co., Misa. : on a cr. of Big Black 
r., 36 m. N. by E. Jackson. \ 

Camden, t. and p. o., Hillsdale co., Jfie/i. ; on Little SU 
Joseph's r., 66 m. S. by W. Lansing. Pop. 594. 

Camden, p. v., Eay co., Mo. : on the N. side of the Mis- 
souri r., 112 ra. W. N. W. Jefferson City, and by course of 
the r., 342 ra. above St. Louis. 

Camden, p. v., and cap. Camden co., K. Car. : on the E. 
side of Pasquotank r., 147 m. E. N. K. Kaleigh. The ton- 
nage of the district of which it is the port, amounted in 
1S50 toll,94S tons. 

CiMUKN, t. and p. v., Oneida co., 2^. Y.: on Fish cr., 108 
m. W. X. W. Albany. The WatertoA^-n and Eome R. E. 
passe*, through the village 13 m. from Eome. Pop. 2,S20. 

Camden, t,, p. city, port, and cap., Camden co.. X. Jer.,: 
on the E. side of Delaware r., opposite Philadelphia, 55 m. 
S. by W. Trenton. The city is united with Philadelphia by 
throe ferries. The largest ships come up to the lower part 
of the city, and vessels of 150 tons to the central parts. The 
city has considerable manufactures and trade, and contains 
numerous fine public buildings, churches, and school-houses. 
The Camden and Amboy E. E. has its terminus at this 



CAM 



CAM 



point, and there is also a railroad to Woo<ibiiry. Three 
newfpapers are publislied here weekly, llie " West Jersey- 
man'' (whig), the " C. Phwnix," and the '* C. Democrat"' 
(dcm.) Pop. 9,613. 

Camdex, p. v., Preble co., Ohio: on the W. side Seven 
Mile cr., 9*2 m. W. by S. Columlnis. 

C'a.mdkn', p. v., and cnp. Kershaw dist., S. Car.: on the 
E. side of Wateree r., SI m. N. E. Columbia. The river is 
navijfable to ihis point for 70 tons flat I>oats, but since the 
completion of the Camden Branch of the South Carolina 
K. K. th« bulk of ila commercial material has been convey- 
ed by land. The village has some manufactures, and its 
public buildings nre commodious and substantia!. A news- 
paper, the "C. Joumai," is issued semi-weekly. Camden 
is noted as the scene of two battles of the devolution— tho 
one fought I6lh Aug., ITSO, and the other 23d April, 1781. 
A monument, erected in honor of Baron De Kalb, and 
the foundation of which was laid by Lafayette in IS'25, 
stands at the end of De Kalb Street ; it is of white marble, 
and the chief ornament of the village. 

Camden, p. v., Benton co., Tenn. : 69 m. "W. Nashville. 

Camden^ Mills, p. o., llock Island co.. III. : on Copper 
cr. of Rock r., 123 m. N. "W. by N. SpringfieM. 

Camdentille, p. v., Anderson co., Ky. : 22 m. S. W. 
Frankfort. 

Camel's Rump, Verm. : one of the highest peaks of the 
Green Mountains, 17 m. W. Montpelier. Ila elevation is 
4.1SS feet above the sea-level. 

Camehcv county, Tixr. Situate S. W. on Gulf of Mexico, 
and contains about 5,600 sq. m. It includes the Isia del 
Padre. Its principal settlements are on the Rio Grande. 
Farms 11 ; dwell. 1,554, and pop.— wh. 8.469, fr. col. 19, si. 
53 — total 9,541. In this enumeration Starr and Webb 
counties are also included. Capital : Santa Rita. 

Cameron, t and p. v., Steuben co., X. Y.: on the Canis- 
teo r, '216 m. W. by S. Albany. The New York and Erie 
li. R. passes thmugh the village, 824 m. from New York 
City, and 145 m. from Dunkirk. Pop. 1,701. 

Cameron, p. v., Clinton co., Penn.: 7S m. N. W. Harris- 
burg. 

Cameeon. p. v.. and cap. Milam co.. Teo\ : on the N. side 
of Liule r. of the Brazos r., 64 m. N. E. Austin City. 

Camep.on'8 Mills, p. c, Steuben co., Al Y.: 222 m. "W. 
by S. Albany. 

Camillus, t and p. v., Onondago co., X. Y. : 12S m. W. 
Albany. The Erie Canal traverses the northern part of the 
town, and the Rochester and Syracuse K. R. intersects the 
village, 7 m. "W. Syracuse. Pop. 3,106. 

Campbell county, Ga. Situate N. W., and contains 3S3 
sq. m. Drained by Chattahoochee r. and its creeks. Sur- 
face undulating, and soils of average fertility. Products 
wheat, Indian com, and cotton. Farms 694; nianuf. IS; 
dwell. 920, and pop.— wh. 5,718, fr.col. 7, si. 1,507— total 7,2.''.2. 
Capital: Campbellton. Public Work.-^ : La Grange E. R. 

Campbell county, Ky. Situate N. between the Ohio and 
Licking rivers, and contains ISO sq. m. Drained by creeks 
flowing into the border rivers. Surface uneven, and soils 
moderately productive. "Wheat, com, and tobacco are the 
staple products. Farms 730; manuf. 12; dwell. 2,.319, and 
pop.— wh. I2,S71, fr. col. 79, si. 177— total 13.127. Cap>t<il: 
NewporU Public Works: Lexington and Cincinnati R. R. 
(projected). 

Campbell county, Tenn. Situate N. E., and contains 
672 sq. m. Drained by Cumberland and New rivers, and 
Clinch r. washes its S. E. border. Surface uneven and 
hilly— in the N. W. mountainous. Soils, with some excep- 
tions, fertile, and productive of the cereals and some cot- 
ton. Farms 521; manuf. 14; dwell. 916. and pop.— wh. 
5,e53, fr. col. 97, si. 31S~loIal 6,06S. Capital: Jacksboro'. 

Camphell county. Virg. Situato S. between .Tames and 
Staunt'in rivers, and contains 57G sq. m. Drained by Fall- 
ing r, f>ttcr cr., and other streams. Surface much broken, 
but soil i)r(>durlive. Wheat, Indian corn, oats, and tobaeco 



are the principal growths. Farms 753 ; manuf. 119 ; dweU. 
3,203, and pop.— wh. 11,53S, fr. col. 841, si. 10,866~total 
23,245. Capital: CampbeU C. H. Public Woi-k^: VirgF 
nia and Kast Tennessee R. R., etc 

Campbell, p. v., Coles co., HI. : on the W. snle of Em- 
barras r.. 2 m from that stream, and 61 m. E. S. E, 
Springfield. 

Campbell, p. v., Lawrence co., O/tio: 96 m. S. by E. 
Cnlumbus. 

Campbell C. U., p. v., and cap. Campbell co., Virg. : 93 
m. W. S. W. Richmond. 

Campbell's Beidge, p. o., Marion dist., S. Car.: S9 m. 
E. by N. Columbia. 

Ca-mpbellsburgu, p. v., Henry co., Ky. : on the Loui*- 
ville and Cincinnati R. R., 30 m. N. W. Frankf.-rL 

Campbell's Corners, p. o.. Oakland co., Mich. 

Campbell's Mill.s, p. o., Windham co., Co7tn.: 33 m. 
E. N. E. Hartford. 

CAirPBELL*s Post, p. v., Portage co., Ohio : 123 m. N. E. 
Columbus. 

Campbell's Rest, p. o., Sullivan co., Teim. : 247 m. E. by 
N. Nashville. 

Campbell's Station, p. o., Knox co., 7«wi. ; on tho N. 
side of Tennessee r.. 129 m. E. Nashville. 

Campbellsville. p, v., and cap. Taylor co., Ky. ; 58 ra. 
S. by W. Frankfort. 

Campbellsville, p. v., Giles co., Ternu : on a cr. of Ten- 
nessee r., 59 m. S. by W. Nashville. 

Campbellton, p. v., Jackson co., Fior. : on the W. sido 
of Chipola r., 76 m. W. N. W. Tallahassee. 

Campbellton, p. v., and cap. Campbell co., Ga. : on both 
aides of Chattahoochee r., 93 m. W. N. W. Milledgeville. 

Campbellton, p. v., Itawamba co.. Miss. : 173 m. N. E. 
Jackson. 

Campbelltown, p. T., Steuben co., A'l Y. : on E. side of 
Conhocton r., 174 m. W. by S. Albany. The Buffalo, Cor- 
ning, and New York R. R. passes through the village, 9 m. 
from Corning. 

Campbelltown, p. v., Lebanon co., PeTvn.: 15 m. E. 
Ilarrisburg. 

Campbellvixle, p. v., Duchess co., 2i. K .• 63 m. S. by 
E. Albany. 

Campbelltille, p. T., Sullivan co., P&nn.: 8T m. N. 
Uarrisburg. 

Camp Call, p. o., Cleveland co., IT. Car. : 153 m. S. "W. 
Raleigh. 

Camp Creek, p. o., Kosciusko co., Jnd. : "8 m. N. by E. 
Indianapolis. 

Camp Creek, p. c, Jefl'erson co., Aj-k.: 53 m. S. by E. 
Little Rock. 

Camp Creek, p. o., Livingston co., Ky. : 19S m. W. by 3. 
Frankfort. 

Camp Creek, p. o., Greene co., Tenn. : on a cr. so called 
of Nolichucky r., 223 m. E. Nashville. 

Campello, p. 0., Plymouth co., Jfass. 

Camp Ground, p. v., Appling co., Ga. : 117 m. 8. 8. £^ 
Milledgeville. 

Camp Hill, p. o., Tallapoosa co., Ala.: 43 m. N. B 
Montgomery. 

Camp Izard, p. o., Marion co., Flor. : 162 m. S. E. by E. 
Tallahassee. 

Camp Mills, p. o., Floyd co., VirQ.: 163 m. W. S. "W. 
Riclimond. 

Campocello, p. v.. Spartanburgh disL, S. Car. : 78 m. 
N. by W. Columbia. 

Camp Point, p. o., Adams co., lU.: 61 m. W. by N. 
Springfield. 

Camp Ridge, p. o., WUliamsburgh diat., ^Sl Car,: 77 m. 
E. by S. Columbia. 

Camp Spring, p. o., Lawrence co., Ala. : 166 m. N. N. W. 
Montgomerj*. 

CAMfTi, p. v.. Nachitochog par.. I.e. : on tho N. E. Bide 
of Red r,, 15^ m. N. W. Baton Rouge. 

103 






CAM 

Campton, t. and p. o., Grafton co., .V. Ifamp. : on P*.'me- 
gemasset r., 44 m. N. by W. Concord. Pop. \^A9Si. 

Campton Village, p. v., Oraflon co., K. Ilamp. : 43 m. 
N. by W. Concord. 

Cahptowk, p. v., Bradford co., Penn. : 112 m. N. Har- 
ilsburg. 

Camptown. p. v., Essen co., X. Jer. : on Elizabeth r., 47 
m. N. N. "Wv Trenton. Considerable manufactures are car- 
ried on in this village. It derives its name from the fact of 
the encampment of the American array at this point dur- 
ing the KevoUitionary war. 

Campville, p. v., Tioga eo., jV. T. : on the N. bank of 
Susqiiclianna r., 12"2 m. W. .S. W. Albany, and on tlie line 
of the New York and Erie 11, 11., 240 ra. from New York 
and 229 m. from Dunkirk. 

Campville, p. v., Litchfield co., Conii, 

CiNA, p. o., Jennings co., Ind. : 5T m. S. E. Indian- 
apolis. 

Canaan, p. v., Marion co., Al<i.: 153 ra. N. W. Mont- 
gomery. 

Canaan, t. and p. v., Litchfield co., Conn. : on tlie E. 
side of Ilousatonic r., 42 m. N. AV. HartPjrd. The river 
between ibis and Salisbury has a fall of 60 feet, and affords 
extensive hydraulic power. Iron and lime are Ihc chief 
manufactures. The Housatonic K. E. passes through 
Canaan, 73 m. N. of Bridgeport. Pop. 2,727. 

Canaan, p. v., JefTerson co., Ind.: about 3 m. W. of 
Indian Kentucky r., 76 m. 8. E. iLdianapolis. 

Canaan, L and p. v., Somerset co., Me. : on the E. side 
of Kennebec r., 27 ra. N. by E. Augusta. Pop. 1,696. 

Canaan, t. and p. o., Grafton co., X. Ilatnp.: on Ma&- 
comy r., 83 m. N. W. Concord. Pop. },6S6. 

Canaan, t. and p. v., Columbia co., JV'. J'. ; 22 m. S. E. 
Albany. The Iludson and Berkshire K. P.., and the Albany 
and West Stockbridge (western) li. P. traverse the I., and 
the latter touches the v., 33 m. from Albany. Pop. 1,941. 

Canaan, t. and p. o., Wayne co., Ohio: S4 m. N. E. 
Columbus. Pop. 1,923. 

Canaan, t and p. o., Wayno co., Peiiti. : on branches 
of Lackawaxen cr., 143 m. N. E. Ilarrisburg. Tlio li. It. 
extending from Carbondale to Honesdale traverses the L in 
its N. part. 

Canaan, t. and p. c, Essex eo., Term.: in the N. E. 
comer of the SLate, 67 m. N. E. Montpeher. Pop. 411. 

Canaan Centre, p. v., Columbia co., Ni Y. : 24 m. S. E. 
Albany. 

Canaan Four Coenees, p. v., Columbia co., X. Y. : 23 
m. B. E. Albany. 

Canaantillk, p. T., Athens co., OJiio : 73 m. S. E. 
Columbus. 

Canada creek, JV". I' ; the W. and largest branch of the 
Mohawk r. It is about 60 m. long, and in its course has 
several rapids and cascades, which afford views of much 
grandeur and interest. 

Canadian, p. v., Mississippi co.. Ark.: 112 m. N. E. 
Little Rock. 

Canadice, t and p. v., Ontario co., y. Y. : on Honoyofce 
Lake, 1S7 m. W. Albany. Hemlock Lake bounds it on the 
W. side. The t. contains much fine agricultural land. 
Pop. 1,069. 

CANAJonABrE, t. and p. v., Montgomery co., JV^. r; : on 
the S. side of Mohawk r., 42 m. W. Albany. The Erie 
Canal passes through tho village. The " Montgomery 
County Union" (dem.), is issued weekly. Pop. J,ii;j7, 

Canal, p. o., Onondaga co., K Y. : 122 m. W. Albany. 

Canal, t and p. o., Venango co., Penn. : 197 m.W. N.W. 
Harrisburg. 

Canal Dov^e, p. o., Tuscarawas co., Ohio: on tho Ohio 
Canal, 86 m. E. by N. Columbus. 

Canal Fulton, p. o., Stark co., OJiio: on tho E. eid© of 
Tuscarawas r., and on the Ohio Canal, 96 m. N. B. 
Columbus. 

Canal Lbwisville, p. v., Coshocton co., Ohio .■ on the 
104 



CAN 

N. side of Tuscarawas r., and on tho Ohio Canal, 66 m. E. 
by N. Columbus. 

Canal Winchester, p. v., Fairfield co., Ohio : on a 
branch of Little Walnut cr., and on the Ohio Canal, 14 m. 
S. E. Columbus. Pop.^274. 

CANANDATorA lakc, X. Y.: a beautiful sheet of water 
situate cenlrally in Ontario co. Its length, from N. to S., 
is 14 ra_, and its medial breadth about 1 m. It discharges 
il5.e!f into the river of the same name at the v. of Canan- 
daigua. 

Canandaigua river, K. Y. : is formed from tho waters 
discharged from the lake, and under various names winds 
its course to the Seneca, the common recipient of a cluster 
of small lakes. 

Casanuatoua, t, p. v., and cap. Ontario co., X. T.: on 
the W. side ot Canandaigua Lakc, 177 ra. W. Albany. Tho 
v. is pleasantly situate at the outlet of the lake, and contains, 
besides tho co. buildings, a number of substantial and 
elegant churches, stores, and dwellings. Tho "Ontario 
Repository" (whig), and the " Ontario Messenger" (dem.), 
arc published weekly. The Rochester and Syracuse R. R. 
passes through the v. 29 m. from Rochester, and it is the 
N. terminus of the Canandaigua and Elmira U. R., and the 
E. terminus of the Canandaigua and Niagara Falls R. R. 
Pop. 6,212. 

Canandaigua, p. o., Lenawee co., Mich. : on the W. side 
of Bear cr. of Raisin r., 64 m. S. by E. Lansing. Tho 
Southern Michigan R. R. runs 4 m. N. of the village. 

Canasauga, p. 0., Polk CO., Tenn. : 142 m. E. S. E. 
Nashville. 

Can A6T0TA, p. v., Madison co., N. Y. : on the Erie Canal, 
and the Utica and Syracuse E. E., 201 m. from Albany. 

Candia, t. and p. o., Rockingham co., K. Ilainp. : on the 
blight of land between the Merrimac r. and the ocean, 17 
m. S. E. Concord. The view from these heights is exten- 
sive, reaching on one side to the White Mountains, and on 
the other to the distant Atlantic. Pop. 1,4S2. 

Candor, t. and p. v., Tioga co., N, Y. : on Cottotong cr., 
127 ra. W. by S. Albany. Tbo v. lies on the Ca>'uga and 
Susqudianna R. R., 10 ra. N. Owego. Pop. 3,4^J;}. 

Candor, p. v., Washington co., Pemu : 192 m. W. 
Ilarrisburg. 

Caneadea, t. and p. v., Alleghany co., J\'. Y. : on tho 
Genesee r., 227 m, W. by S. Albany. The v. is on tlie W. 
side of the river. Pop. 1 477. 

Cane Bottom, p. o., Lauderdale co., Term.: 163 m. W. 
by S. Nashville. 

Cane Creek, p. v., and cap. Butler co.. Mo. : on the W. 
fork of the cr. so called, 154 ra. S. E. Jefferson City. Cane 
cr. is a tributary of Big Black Water r., which it joins a 
little below the Arkansas Stale lino, 

Canr Ceeek, p. o., Cbatham co., K. Ciw.: on a cr. of 
Cape Fear r. so called, 43 m. W. by N. Raleigh. 

Cane Cheek, p. o., Lincoln co., Tenn.: ou a cr. of Elk 
r. so called, 64 m. S. by E. Nashville. 

Canb Ceeek, p. o., Franklin co., Ala. : 174 m. N. W. 
Montgomery. 

Canemau, v., Clackamas co., Oreg. : on E. side of Willa- 
mette r., 2 m. above Oregon City, and 33 m. N. by E. 
Salem. 

Cane Point, p. o., Troup co., Ga. : 112 m. Millodgevillc. 

Cane Spring, p. o., Bullitt co., Ky. : 51 m, W. S. W. 
FrankforL 

Casey, p. v., Washita co.. Ark: : 86 m. S. Little Rock. 

Caney. p. v., Matagorda co., Tecp. : on a stream so called, 
147 m. S. E. Austin City. The Caney empties into tho 
Gulf at the N. E. end of Matagorda Bay. 

Caney Beancu, p. o,, Greene co., T^ftn. ; 219 m. E. 
Nashville. 

Caney Foek, p. o., Warren co., Tenn. : on Caney fork 
of Cumberland r.,5o m. E. by S. Nashville. 

Caney Spelso, p. o., Marshall co., Teim, : 32 m. 3. 
Nashville. 



CAN 



CAP 



Canetville, p. v., Grayeon co., Kt/.: 93 m. W. S. V.'. 
Frankfort. 

Canfif.ld, p. v., ami cnp. Muhoning; co., Ohio: 132 ni. 
IC. K. Columbus. The "Mahoning Index,'' a dera. paper, 
is issued weekly. 

Ca>fikld'b Coknix, p. 0., Tioga co., JV. Y. : 134 m. 
TV'. S. W. Albany. 

Canuello, p. v., Rockbridije co., Virg. : 112 m. "W. 
Hichmond. 

Canisteo, t. and p. v., Sleubcn co., N'. )'. : on Canisiteo 
r., ISS m. W. by S. Albany. The v. on the N. side of tlie 
r. is intersected by the New York and Erie II. K., S^'T ra. 
from New York, and 132 from Dunkirk. The *■ Ganisteo 
Express" is issued weekly. Top. 2,030. 

Canisteo river, N. Y.: rises in Allegliany co., and after 
a general S. E. course of 60 m., falls into Tioga r., in the t. 
of Erwin, Steuben CO. It is navigable for boats for about 
40 m.. and is the recipient of numerous fine mill streams. 

Canistko river. jV. Y. : a tributary of Tioga r., ■which it 
enters near the v. of Paintcl Post. Its whole course is 
about 60 ni., and it is beatable for abont 40 m. ; and though 
in some parl-s no more than 4 rods wide, float.s arks contain- 
ing 1,000 bushels of grain, and opens fine facilities of inter- 
course with the Tioga and Susquehanna rivers. 

Cannadat Gap, p. o., Floyd co., Virg. : at a puss of the 
mountains, 159 m. "W'. S. W. Tiiehmond. 

Caxnei.tox, p. v., Perry co., IiuL: on the Ohio r., 124 
m. S. by W. Indianapolis. The neighborhood abonntis in 
coal, from a particular species of which (ciinnel) the v. takes 
its name. It possesses great manufacturing advantages, 
and considerable capital has l»een invested in cotton ami 
earthenware factories. Building material, fire clay, ete.. are 
abundant. The " Economist," a weekly paper, is published 
here. Pop. about 700. 

Cannon county, Tenn. Situate centrally, and contains 
S40 sq. m. Drained by tributaries of Cumberland r. Sur- 
face mountainous, and soils generally fertile. Farms l^7T ; 
manuf. 7; dwell. 1,326, and pop.— wh. S,115, ft. col. 24, si. 
&4S— total S,0S2. C<JpiUil : Woodbury. 

Cannonsbl-rgh, p. v., Kent co., Mich, : on a cr. of Grand 
r., r>l m. W. N. TV. Lansing, 

CANNONSBUEGn, p. V., Grceuup CO., K;/. : 72 m. S. "W. 
Frankfort. 

CA>"NONSBrEGn, p. v., "Washington co., Ptmn. : on Char- 
tier's cr., IS m. S. "W. Pittsburg, and 1S2 m. W. Ilarrisburg. 
Jefferson College, and a Theological Seminary are located 
here. 

Cannon's Ferry, p. c, Sussex co., Bd. : 39 ra. S. 
JDorer. 

Cannon's Mill, p. o., Columbiana co., Ofno: 126 m. 
E. N. E. Columbus. 

Cannon's Store, p. c, Sparlanburgh dist., S. Car.: CS 
N. by "W. Oilumbia. 

Cannonsville, p. v., Delaware co.. X. Y. : on the N. side 
of Delaware r., S9 m. 9. W. Albany. 

Canoe Creek, p. o., Burke co., K Car.: 163 m. "VT. 
Ealeigh. 

Canoga, p. T., Seneca co., A^. Y. : about one m. "W. of 
Cayuga Lake. 148 m. W. Albany. 

Canonicut island, in Narraganset Cay, J!. I. : 3 m. W. 
Pliode Island. It is 7 m. long and a mile broad. 

Canoochee, p. o.. Emanuel co., Go. : on the r. so c^illod, 
79 m. S. E. Milled geville. 

Canooche river, Ga. : the "W. and largest confluent of 
Ogeeehee r. It is 100 m. long, and navigable for 50 m. to 
Cedar cr. 

Cantektiurt. t. and p. v., TVindham co., Coniu : on the 
W. side of Quinnebaug r.,41 m. E. Hartford. Pfip. l.t;r,r(. 

Ca^nterbi-ry, p. o., Kent CO., i)^/, ; at the head of Mother 
Kill cr., 7 m. S. by W. Dover. 

CAKTERErEY, t. and p. v., Merrimac co.. K. Ilamp. : on 
the E. Pide of the Merrimac r., 8 m. N. Concord. In the 
9. E. part of the t. there Is a Shaker's village. Pop. 1,614. 



I Canton, p. v., ismiih co., Tcsc. : 21S ni. N. E. Austin 
Ciiy. 

Canton, p. v., Wilcox co., Alo. : on the lelT bank of the 
Alabama r., 03 m. W. S. W. Montgomery. 

Ca>ton, p. v.. Lawrence co.. Ark. : on a cr. of Strawberry 
r., 109 m. N. by E. Little Rock. 

Canton, I. and p. v., Hartford co., Conn.: on Farminglon 
r.. 13 m. N. W. by \A'. Hartford. It has some manufactures. 
Pop. 1,994. 

Canton, p. v., and cap. Cherokee co.. Oa. : on the N. side 
of the Etowah r, 113 m. N. \V. Milledgeville. 

Canton, p. v., Washington co., Ind. : 77 m. S. Indiana- 
polis. The New Albany an^ Salem K. E. crosses the co. 
about a mile S. of the village. 

Canton, p. v., Fulton co., III.: on Big cr. of SpiX'n r., 47 
m. N. N. W. Springfield. 

Canton, p. v., Jackson co., la. : on the N. side of Mako- 
qucta r., 47 m. N. E. Iowa City. 

Canton, p.v., Twigg co., Ay. : on th*- E. side of Cumljcr- 
land r., 40 m. from its mouth, and 194 m. W. S. W. Frank- 
fort. It is the place of sliipment for the produec of a rich 
and pruduelive back country. 

Canton, t. and p. o., Oxford co., Me.: on Anilroscoggia 
r., 26 m. W. by X. Augusta. Pop. 926. 

Canton, p. v., and cap. Madison eo., Miss. : between the 
forks of a cr. of Big Black r., 23 m. N. X. E. Jackson. 

Canton, t. and p. v., Norfolk co., Mtu'^s. : on Ne pnnset 
r., 14 m. S. W. Boston. The Boston and Providence P. K. 
passes through the v.. 14 m. from Bo.ston, and 29 from 
Providence. It has several iron, cotton, and wook-n facto- 
ries. Pop. 2,59S. 

Canton, p. v., Salem eo., K Jor. : on the W. branch of 
Stowcr., 61 m. S. S. W. Trenton. 

Canton, t., p. v., and cap. SL Lawrence co., X. Y.: on 
Grasse r. of the St. Lawrence, 142 m. N. W. Albany. At 
the V. a fine bridge is thrown over the stream, and the 
Watcrtown and Potsdam 11. II. will cros-s the Grassc at this 
point Pop. 4,6-^*>, 

Canton, t.. p. v., and cap. Stark co., OJiio: about 11 m. 
.above the bifurcation of Nimishillen cr., 103 m. X. E. 
Columbus. Throe newspapers, the " Ohio Eeposifory*' 
(whig), the " Stark County Dcmocrnt, ' and the " Ohio Staals 
Bote'' (Germ, dem.), are published weekly. It is a very 
tliriving place, being intersected by the Ohio and Pennsyl- 
vania E. R., Pop. of V. 2,604, and' of t. 4.326. 

Canton, t. and p. v., Bra<lford co., Penn. : on Tonawanda 
r., 107 m. X. by W. Ilarrisburg. 

Canton, p. v., Lewis co., Mo. : lOS m. X. N. E. Jeflt-rson 
City. 

Canton Centre, p. o., Hartford co., Conn.: IS m. X. W. 
by W. Hartford. 

Canton Mills, p. o., Oxford co., M'. : 27 m. W. by X. 
Augusta. 

Cantrell's Cross Roads, p. o., T^I-^rinn co., Tt-nn.: 131 
m. E. S. E. Xashville. 

Cantwti.l's BiuDGE. p. c, Newcastle co.. Pel. : on iho 
X. side of Appoquinimink or., 17 m. N. by W. Dover. 

C.\rE Arago, (Jreff. Ter. : a prominent headland, juttin* 
into tl^e Pacific Ocean, about 40 m. S. of the I'mpqua r. 

Cape Au Gray. p. o., Lincoln ro.. Mo. .- on the W. side 
of the Mississippi r., SS m. E. N. E. JefT.Tson City. 

Cape Blanco, Ore(/. T^r. : a headland on the Pacific 
coast, about 25 m. 'N. of Cape Oxford. 

Cape Cod, Maj^.9. : & projection fmm the mainland, in 
lat. 420 2' 23" X., anti long. 70^ 3' ."w" W. It is curved 
inward, something in the shape ofa man's arm bont at tha 
elbow and wrist, and is 65 m. long, and from 1 to 20 m. 
broad. It constitutes Ihe eo. of Barnstable. 

Cape Disappointment, Ore/;. Ter.: a headland at Ihe 
entrance nf the Columbia r. 

Cape Fare, p. o., Taney co., Mo. : on White r., 13S m. 
S. S. W. Jefferson City. 

Cape Vr.An^ K Car. : the 3. point of Smith's* iislnnd, near 

105 



CAP 



CAR 



the mouth of Cape Fear r, in laL 33° 43' N., and long. 78^ 
09' W. 

Cape Feau river, Al Car. : the best navigable river of 
the State. It has two brandies : the N. W. branch, formed 
by the union of Deep and Haw rivers, from wliich, flowing 
about 100 m., it receives the N. K. branch, or Clarendon 
r.. above Wilmington, and 84 m. below it enters the Atlantic 
Ocean by two channels, one on each side of Smith's Ishmd. 
lis chunnels have been deepened by embankments, and 
steamboats now navigate its waters to Fayetteville, 90 m., 
at the lowest stage of the waters. 

Capk Follweather, Oreg. Ter. : a headland on the 
Pacific coast, about 10 ra. N. of the mouth of Alseya r. 

Cai'e GiBAiiDEAtJ county, Mo. Situate S. E. on Missis- 
sippi r., and contains 660 sq. ro. Drained by White "Water 
r. and otlier streams. Surface level, sometimes swampy, 
and studded with edkiII lakes. Iron ore, usL-ful clays, etc., 
are abundant. Wheat, Indian corn, oats, and tobacco are 
the chief products. Farms 1,019 ; manuf. 31 ; dwell. 2,103, 
and pop.— wh. 12,203, fr. col. 85, si. 1,674— total 13,912. 
Ci'pitiil : Jackson. 

C.'i.PE GiRAEi'EAC, t. and p. v., Cape Girardeau co., 3fo.: 
on the W. side of Mississippi r., 16S m. S. K. Jefferson 
City. It is the depfit of a great part of Southern Missouri. 
The " Western Eagle*' (whig) is here published weekly. 

Cape Horn, Clarke co., Oreg. : a noted headland on the 
N. bank of Columbia r., in lat. 45° SS' 09" X., and long. 
122° 06" 15" W. 

Cape Island, p. v., Cape May co., K. Jer. : at the extreme 
point of the State, 91 m. S. Trenton. It is a place much 
resorted to by the fashionables in the summer season, for 
whom splendid boarding-houses and hotels are provided. 
The place affords great facililies for sea bathing and 
flshing. 

Cape Lookout, Oreg. Ter. : a headland on Uic Pacific 
coast, in lat. 45° OS' N. 

Cape May county, If. Jer. Situate S. point of State, 
and contains 240 aq. m. Drained chiefly by creeks of Tuck- 
ahoo r., which demarks the N. border. Surface fiat — in 
some places swampy. The coast is lined witli long sand 
islands inclosing lagoons. Farms 235; manuf. 4; dwell. 
1,213, and pop.— wli. 6.190, Cr. col. 24.3, si. 0— total 6,433. 
Capital: Capo May C. U. 

Cape Mat, p. v., and cap. Cape May co., A'. Jer. : 89 m. 
S. Trenton. 

Cape May: a promontory on the X. side of the entrance 
of Delaware Bay, IS ra. N. of Cape Ilenlopen, and in lat. 
8S° 57' N., and long. 74° 52' W. There is a light-house on 
this point. 

Cape Mendocino. Calif. : a bold headland of the Pacific 
coast, in lat, 40° 21' m. N., and long. 124° 35' W' . This is 
the most westerly point of the United States. 

Cape Neddick, p. o., York co., Me. : on the headland so 
called, on the Atlantic Ocean, about 4 m. above York 
Harbor, and 81 ra. S. W. by S. Augusta. The cape is 
chiefly inhabited by fishermen. 

Cape Osfoeo, Oreg. Ter.: a headland of considerable 
extent on the Pacific coast, and by bending south, incloses 
a bay called Ewing Harbor. A city, named Port 0.xford, 
has been founded here. 

Cape's Creek, p. o., Newton co., Mo. : on a cr. so calleil, 
160 ra. S. W. Jefferson City. 

Cape Suoalwateb, Oreg. Ter.: a headland on tho N. 
Bide of the entrance ofShoalwater Bay. 

Capeville, p. v., Nortliampton co., Vtri/. : on Cape 
Charles, the S. point of the Chesapeake peninsula, 83 m. 
E. by S. Uichmond. 

Cape Vincent, t., p. v., and i>ort of entry, Jefferson co., 
K. y. ■■ on the S. side of the St. Lawrence r., opposite Wolf 
Island, 155 m. N. W. Albany. The v. is an important com- 
mercial entrepi^t; the Waterlown and Rome U. P. termi- 
nates here, and steamboats ply regularly between this port 
and the principal lake ports of the Union and the Canadas. 
106 



The shipping owned in the district in 1S50 amdunted to 
2,497 tons. Pop:3,044. 

C.vpoN Bkidge, p. o., Ilarapshire co., Virg. : 147 m. X. by 
W. Kichmond. 

Capon Speings, p. v., Ilampshiro co., Virg. : 143 ra. N. 

by \y. Kichmond. These springs are noted for their 

medicinal properties. 

Captina, p. v., Belmont co., Oldo : 105 m. E. Columbus. 

Cakaway, p. o., llandolph co., X. Car. : 173 m. W. by S. 

Paleigh. 

Cap.uon county, Penn. Situate E. middle, and continns430 
sq. m. Drained by tributaries of the Lehigh, which r. runs 
through it. Surface diversified, but in the X. W. and S. E. 
hilly and broken. Soils of moderate fertility. This is one 
of the first coal mining counties of the State. Farms 246 ; 
manuf. 153; dwell. 2,544, and pop.— wh. 15,656, fr. col. 30 
—total 15,636. Capital: Mauch-Chuiik. Public Works: 
Lehigh Xavigation, and a number of railroads from Mauch- 
Chunk to the mines. 

Caeuondale, p. v., Luzenie co., Penn. : on Lackawanna 
cr., 117 m. N. E. Harrisburg. The celebrated Lackawanna 
coal is mined in this neighborhood, whence it is carried by 
U. E. to Ilonesdale, and thence by canal to Port Jervis, on 
the Delaware r., and by the Delaware and Hudson Canal 
to the Hudson r. There are also ironworks in the vicinity. 
A mile W. of the v.. Fall Brook has a cascade of SO feet 
descent. 

Cardiff, p. o., Onondaga co., AT. T. : IIG m. W. Al- 
bany. 

Cardiff, p. v., Warren co., MUs. : 31 ra. W. by S. 
Jackson. 

CAnDiNOTON, p. v.. Morrow co., Ohio : on the Cleveland, 
CoVimbus, and Cincinnati Pv'. P.., SS m. N. Columbus. 

Carey, p. v., Wyandott co., Ohio: on the Finlay branch 
of tho Mad Eiver and Lake Erie R. E., 72 ra. N. N. W. 
Columbus. 

Caelile's Mills, p. o.. Perry co., Mis-i.: on Tallahalla 
cr., 84 m. S. E. Jackson, 

Carlinville, p. v., and cap. Macoupin co., ///. ; about 2 
m. X. of Macoupin cr., and 41 m. S. by W. Springfield. It 
is one of the most flourishing interior villages of the State, 
and an important station on the Sangamon and Alton 
E.E. 

Carlisle, p. v., Sullivan co., Ind. : about 1 m. E. of Busse- 
ron cr. of the Wabash, S6 m. S. W. Indianapolis. It is the 
principal v. in the co., and li.as about 400 inhabitants. 

Carlisle, t. and p. v., Middlesex co., Mms. : on the 
X. W. side of Concord v., 19 m. X. W. Boston. Pop. 719. 

Carlisle, p. v., and cap. Xieholas co., Ki/. : on a small 
cr. of Licking r., 51 m. E. X. E. FrankforU 

Carlisle, p. v., Eaton co., Mich. : on a cr. of Big fork 
of Thornapple r., 26 ra. W. S. W. Lansing. 

Carlisle, t. and p. v., Schoharie co., X. Y.: 37 ra. W. 
Albany. The vicinity abounds with caverns. Pop. 1,S17 

Cap.lisle, p. city, and cap. Cnmberland co., Pe}i7i.: on 
the Cumberland Valley R. R., 22 ra. from Harrisburg. Lat. 
40° 12' X., and long. 77° 10' W. Dickinson College is 
located here, and half a ra. from tho v. tho United States' 
Barracks and Cavalry Seliool. The v. has several manu- 
factures, and a considerable trade with tho neighboring 
distriiM.s. The periodical press consists of the "American 
Volunteer" (dem.), the "American Democrat" (dem.), and 
the *• C. Herald" (whig), published weekly, and the " Month- 
ly Friend." Pop. 4,579. 

Carlisle, t. and p. v., Lorain co., Ohio: on W. branch 
of Black r., UH m. X. N. E. Columbus. Pop. 1 512 

Carlisle Spkings, p. o., Cumberland co., Pemi. : 4 m. 
X. Carlisle, and 21 W. by S. Harrisburg. The wiiters are 
sulphurous. 

Caelockville, p. v., Rutherford co., Tenn. : 31 m. S. E. 
Xashville. 

Caklow, p. v., Hopkins co., Ki/. : on Doer cr. of Greeo 
r., 163 m. W. S. W. Frankfurt 



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CABLOtvsnLLE, p. V., Dallas co., Ala. : near Pine Barren 
cr. of tbo Alabama, 52 m. W. by S. Montiroraery. 

Caielton, t, and p. v., Orleans en., _V. }'. .' on Lake Erie, 
2'21 m. W. by N. Albany. The v. is located on Ihe E. side 
of C'ak Orebard c, about 2 m. from the lake. Pop. 2 top. 

Carlton, t. and p. o., Barry co., Mich. : on Little fork 
of Thornapplc r., 85 in. W. Lansing. 

Caklton's Store, p. o., King and Queen co., Virg. : 46 
m. N. E. by E. Ilichmond. 

Carltle, p. v., and cap. Clinton co., III. : on the W. side 
of Uie Kask;Lskia r., 215 m. from its month by its windings, 
and 87 m. S. by E. Springfield. The railroad from Yincen- 
nc3 across the State to Illinoistown, will probably intersect 
this point. 

Caultle, p. v., Pickens co., Ala.: US m. N. W. Mont- 
gomery. 

Caemel, p. v., Uamilton co., Tyid. : 22 m. N. by E. Indian- 
apolis. 

Cabuel, t. and p. o., Penobscot co., Me. : on Sowadabs- 
cook r., 46 m. N. E. Avigusta. The Kennebec and Penob- 
scot R. li. passes through the township. Pop. 1,22S. 

Carmel, t., p. V,, and cap. Putnam co., A'. Y. : on the 
W. side of Croton r., 73 ni. S. by E. Albany. There are 
several small lakes in the t., on one of which the v. is pleas- 
antly situate. Pop. 2,442. 

Caiuiel Hill, p. o., Chester dist., S. Car.: 71 m. N- 
Columbia. 

Caemi, p. o., and cap. "White co., JIL: on the W. side 
of the Little Wabash r., 147 m. S. E. Springflel.i 

Caemicuael's, p. o., Greeno co., Feiin. : 1S7 m. W. by 
8. Ilarrisburg. 

Caknent Phaiuie, p. o.. Perry co., HI. : IIS m. S. Spring- 
Geld. 

Cabnesville, p. v., and cap. Franklin co., Ga, : on 
Stephen's cr. of Broad r., 91 m. N. by E. Milledgeville. 

Caroline county, Md. Situate E. shore on State line, 
and contains 310 sq. m. Drained by creeks of Choptank 
r, Marshy Hope cr., and other streams. Surface fiat. Soils 
Bandy, but improvable. Farms 730 ; dwelL 1.526, and pup. 
— wh. 6,09C, fr. col. 2,7SS, si. bOS— total 9,692. OipHul: 
Denton. 

Caeoune county, Mrg. Situate E. between Kappahan- 
nock and North Anna, a tributary of Pamunky r., and con- 
tains 5S0 sq. m. Drained by head waters of Matt:ipnny r. 
Surface hilly and broken, and sods various. The principal 
products are wheat, Indian com, oats, and toltacco, Farms 
715; manuf. 51; dwell. 903, and pop.— wh. 6,S92, fr. col. 
91)3, si. 10.661— total 18,456. Capital: Bowling Green. 
I'ublic Worls: Frederick and Richmond R. R. 

Carolina, p. v., Haywood co., Tenn. : 146 m. "W. by S. 
Nashville. 

Carolina Female College, p. o., Anson ca, A"! Ca?: : 89 
m. S. W. Raleigh. 

Caroline, t. and p. v., Tompkins co., A'. Y.: on the 
"W. side of "West Owego cr., 123 m. W. Albany. The 
Cayuga ami Susquehanna R. R. passes through the "W. part 
of the L Pop. 2,637. 

Caroline Centre, p. o., Tompkins co., A''. Y. : 131 m.W. 
AU)any. 

Caroline Mills, p. o., Washington co., J?. I. 

Cakonhelet, p. c, SL Louis co.. Mo.: on the W. side 
of the Mississippi, and 5i m. below St. Louis, and lOS in. E. 
JcfTorson City. It is an important v., and contains about 
800 inhabitants. 

Cakpentf.h's Creek, p. o., Jasper co., Ind. : on the cr. so 
called, 93 m. N. W. Indianapolis. 

Carpenter's Landing, p. v., Gloucester co., X. Jf'r. : at 
the head of sloop navigation on Mantuacr. of the Delaware, 
7 m. above its confluence, 44 m. S. W. Trenton. It has 
considerable trade in lumber and fire-wood. Pop. about 300. 
Carpf.nteksville, p. v.. Putnam co., Jnd. : on a branch 
of Cig Raccoon er., 38 ni. W. Indianap<»Ii8. 
Carp liivEtt, p. o., Marquette co., MUzh. : on the r. of 



same name, 292 m. N. W. Lansing. Carp r. is a small 
stream emptying into Lake Superior, below Talcott Harbor. 

Carr. p. o., Jasper co., la. : S3 m. "W. Iowa City. 

Carribou, p. o., Aroostook co., Mn. 

Caruitl-nk, p. v., Somerset co., Me.: on the E. side of 
Kennebec r., 5:J m. N. by W. Augusta. 

Carroll county. Ark. Situate N. "W. on State line, and 
contains 1,004 sq. m. Drained by Creeks of White r. Sur- 
face level or undulating. Soils of average fertility. Farms 
541 ; manuf 1 ; dwell. 6sG, and pop.— wh. 4,390, fr. cul. 11, 
si. 213— total 4,614. Capital : Ciarrollton. 

Carroll county, On. Situate N. W. on State line, and 
contains 760 sq. ra. Drained by Tallapoosa r. and the trib- 
utaries of Chattahoocliee r., which bounds it S. E. Surface 
elevated and broken, and the soil indifferent. "Wheat, In- 
dian com, and cotton are the chief products. Farms 782 ; 
manuf. 16 ; dwell. 1,379, and pop.— wh. 8,252, fr. col. 4, si. 
1,101— total 9,357. Capital: Carrollton. 

Capjioll county, /?/. Situate N. W. on Mississippi r., 
and contains 496 sq. m. Drained by Plum r. and several , 
creeks. Surface undulating— prairie predominating. Near 
the Mississippi are several sloughs and lakes. Soil uni- 
formly rich. Farms 482 ; manuf. IT ; dwell. 814, and pop. 
— wh. 4.5S3, tV. col. 3— total 4,5S6. Capital: Mount Carroll. 

Carroll county, Ind. Situate N. N. W. middle, and 
contains 376 sq. ni. Surface generally level, but undulates 
on the "Wabash, Tippecanoe, and "Wild Cat. wliieh are the 
principal streams. Mostly covere*! with timber. Ttj^e soil 
is a rich loam. Farms 1.129 ; manuf. 79 ; dwell. 1909, and 
pop.— wh. 10.982, fr. col. 3:3— total 11,015. Cajntal : XM:\\i\\\. 
PuhliG Worku: Wabash and Erie Canal. 

Carroll county, la. Situate "W., and contains 576 sq m. 
Taken from Pottowattomie in 1851. 

Carroll county, Ky. Situate N., at the confluence oi 
Kentucky r. ivith the Ohio, and contains 142 sq. m. Drained 
by Kentucky r. and its creeks. Surface generally level, and 
the soils of an average fertility. "Wheat, corn, and tobacco 
are the staple products. Farms 376; manuf. 17; dwell. T6t!, 
and pop.— wh. 4,552, fr. col. 25, si. 949— total 5,526. Capi- 
tal: Carrollton. 

Carroll parish, La. Situate N. E. of "W. District, on 
Mississippi, and contains 720 sq. m. Drained by Bayoux 
du Co'ufand Macon, and river Tensas — all tributaries of the 
Washita. Surface low and level; soils of great fertility. 
Farms 235; manuf. 10; dwell. 5S2, and pop.— wh. 2,336. fr. 
col. 10, si. 6,443— total 8,789. Capital: Lake Providence. 

Carroll county, Md. Situate N. middle, and contains 
462 sq. m. Drained by streams flowing into Patapsco r., 
Chesapeake Bay, the Potomac, and Monocacy rivers. Parr's 
Kidge, a high watershed, divides the county, and diverta 
the course of the streams. Surface hilly and rocky; soila 
thin, but there is much good farm land. Grazing is much 
attended to ; iron and copper abound, and there is flue tim- 
ber. Farms 1,387; manuf. 124; dwell. 8,476, and pop.— 
wh. 18,607, fr. col. 974, si. 975— total 20.616. Capital: 
Westminster. Puhlic Works: Baltimore and Ohio K. li., 
and Westminster Branch of Baltimore and Susquehanna 
R. R. 

Carroll county, 3/w5. Situate N. centrally, and con- 
tains 1,040 sq. m. Drained by the branches of "i'azoo and 
Big Black rivers. Surface various, but soils rich and pro- 
ductive. The principal products are Indian corn and 
cattle. Farms 980; manuf 45; dwell. 1,441, and pop.— 
wh. 8,661, fr. col. 18, si. S.S12— total 18,491. Capital: Car- 
rollton. 

Carroll county. Mo. Situate W. on Missouri r., having 
Grand r. on its K. border, and contains 670 sq. m. Drained 
by Waconda and Big creeks. Surface undulating, eliiefly 
prairie. Farms 3^83; manuf. 15; dwell. 770, and pop — 
wh. 4,SI2, fr. col. 8, si. 621— total 5,441. Capital : Carrollton. 

Carroll county, N, Ifaivp. Situate E. middle, and con- 
tains 512 sq. m. Drained N. by Saco r., and S. and E. by 
creeks emptying into Lake Winnipiseogee. Surface varied ; 

lOT 



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soils moderately fcrtilo. Farms 2,S05 ; manuf. 135; dwell. 
3,724, and pop.— wb. 20.1*i, fr. col. 2— tula! 20,156. Capit<d : 
Ossipee. Piihlic Works: Great Falls and Conway K. K. 

Caeiioli, county, Ohio. Situate E., and contains 4-32 sq. 
m. Drained by creeks tributary of Tuscarawas and Ohio 
rivers. Surface varied, and soUs fertile, producing fine 
crops of wlicat, oats, and Indian corn. Farms 1,926; 
manuf. 41 ; dwell. 8,()f.3, and pop.— wh. 17,033, fr. col. 5-2- 
total 17.6S5. Capital: Carrollton. Public Wofk^ : ganJy 
ami Beaver Canal; CarroUton Branch of rittsburg and 
Cleveland E. K., etc. 

Caekoll county, Tenn. Situate W.,and contains 960 sq. 
m. Drained by Big Sandy, and oUier creeka of Tennessee 
r., and Rutherford and S. forks of Obion r. Surface high, 
forming a watershed between the Tennessee and Missis- 
sippi rivers. Soils fertile. Farms 1,404; manuf. 24; dwell. 
2,105, and pop.— wh. 12,S14, fr. col. IS, si. 3,135— loUd 15,9C7. 
Capital : Huntingdon. Puhlic Works : Nashville and 
Mount Ilully K. E. (projected). 

Carroll county, Virg. Situate 9. middle, at tlie W. 
base of Blue Ridge, and contains 3S0 sq. m. Drained by 
creeks flowing into Great Kanawha r. Surface elevated 
and hilly, and soils of great fertility. Wheat is the staple 
growth. The county has iron and coal mines, and sulphur 
springs. Farms 615 ; manuf. 11 ; dwell. 996, and pop. — 
■wh.5J26,fr.coi. 29,sl. 154— toUil 5,909. rrtj:?/^(//.- Hillsville. 

Carkoll. p. v., Carroll co., Ind. : on the W. side of the 
Wabash r., 65 m. N. W. Indianapolis, 

Cahuoll, t. and p. v., Fairfield co., Ohio : at the junction 
of the Ohio and Hocking Canals, 19 ra. S. E. Columbus. 

Caerull, t. and p. o., Penobscot co., Jle. Pop. 401. 

Cakboll, I. and p. o., Coos co., ^V. /lamp. : on the X. W. 
base of tho White Mountains, 73 m. N. Concord. P. 299. 

Carroll, t and p. o., Chauiauque co., 2v'. Y. : on Cone- 
wango and Stillwater cr.SSl m. W.by S. Albany. P. 1,835. 

Carroll House, p. o., Coos co., JV. Hamp. : 73 m. N. 
Concord. 

Carrollsville, p. v., TishemJDgo co., Miss. : 179 ra. 
N. F. by X. Jackson. 

Carrollton, p. o., and cap. Pickens co., Ala. : on the 
W. side of Lubbub cr. of Little Tombigbee r., 122 m. N. W. 
Montgomery. Two newspapers, the " Pickens Republican" 
(wliig), and the " West Alabamian" (dem.), are published 
weekly. 

Carrollton, p. v., and cap. Carroll co,, ^4;*^.; on the 
W. side of Crooked cr. of White r., 123 m. N. N. W. Little 
Rock. 

Carrollton, p. v., and cap. Carroll co., G(i. : 113 m. 
W. N. W. MilledgeviUe. 

Carrollton, p. v., and cap. Greene co., lU. : on the 
borders of Spring Prairie, and about 6 m. N. of Macoupin 
cr., 56 m. S. AV. Springfield. Tho v. is one of ttie most 
flourishing in the interior, and the country iii the neighbor- 
hood rich and productive. 

Carrollton, p. v., and cap. Carroll co., Ky. : on the 
Ohio r., at the mouth of Kentucky r., 86 m. N. N. W. 
Frankfort. 

Careollton, p. v., Jefferson par.. La. : on the E. side 
of th^ Mississippi r., 6 m. from New Orleans, 74 m. S, E. 
Baton uouge. 

Carrollton, p. v., and cap. Carroll co., Mifs.: on the 
6. side of Big Sand cr. of Yallabusha r., 83 m. N. by E. 
Jackson. 

Carrollton, p. v.. and cap. Carroll co., Mo. : on the 
N. side of Wyaconda cr. of the Missouri r., 92 m. W. N. W, 
Jefferson City. 

Carrollton, p. v., and cap. Carroll co., Ohio : a thriving 
v.. 112 m. E. by N. Columbus. A branch of the Cleveland 
and PilLsburg R. R. comes to this pnint. Two newspapers, 
the '* Carroll Freo Press" (whig), and the " Ohio Picayune" 
(dem.), are issued weekly. 

Caerolltown, p. v., Cambria co., P&)in. : 105 ra, W. by 
8. llarrisburg, 
108 



Carrollville. p. o., Wayne eo., Tenn. : on the E. bank 
of Tennessee r., SG m. .S. W. Nashville. 

Carrsville, p. v., Cooper co., Mo. : 42 m. W. N. W. 
Jefferson City. 

Carrsville, p. v.. Isle of Wight co., Virg. : 59 m. S. E. 
Richmond. 

CAr.soN lake, Ctah Ter. : on the E. side of the Sierra 
Nevada, from whicli it derives its waters by the Carson r. 
It has no outlet, 

Caesos river, L^tah Ter. : a considerable stream rising 
in the Sierra Nevada, and falling into Carson Lake. 

Carson's creek, Calif. : a tributary of Stanislaus r. 

Carsonville, p. v., Talbot co., Ga. : 86 m. W. by 3. 
MilledgevUIe. 

Carter county, Ky. Situate N. E., .ind contains 710 sq. 
m. Drained by Big and Little Sandy rivers, and Tygat cr. 
Surface uneven, with extensive valleys and plains — in the 
W. hilly, and soils productive. Farms 6.'i4; manuf. 7; 
dwell. 944, and pop.— wh. 5,901, fr. col. 23, si, 257— total 
6,241. Capital: Grayson. 

Carter county. Tt^nn. Situate N. E., and contains 54S 
sq. m. Drained by Watauga r. and its tributaries. Surface* 
an elevated table-land, rugged, and in the E. mountainous. 
Soils, especially in the valley of the Watauga, fertile and 
productive. Iron abounds. Farms 565; manuf. 47 ; dwell. 
1,002, and pop.— wh. 5,911, fr. col. 82, si. 35S— total 6,296. 
Capital: Elizabeth town. Public Wc-rks: East Tcnnessco 
and Virginia R. R. 

Carteret county, K Car. Situate S. E. on the Atlantic, 
and contains 4S0 eq. n\. The shore is beset by lagr.ons 
formed by sand-islands which line its whole front. Capo 
Lookout is its most prominent projection. Surface low and 
level ; soils sandy, wit)i extensive marshes. Products, 
Indian corn and naval stores. Farms 208; mainif. 19; 
dwell. 972, and pop.— wh. 5,167, fr. col. 149, si. 1,4S7— tulal 
6,Sn3. Capital: Beaufort. 

Carter's, p. o., Jackson par., La. : 154 m. N. W. liaton 
Rouge. 

Carter's Bridge, p, o., Albemarle co,, Tiyg. : 74 m. W. 
by N. Richmond. 

Cartersburgh, v., Hendricks en.. Ind.: on the line of 
the Terre Haute and Richmond R. R., 17 m. W. Indiana- 
polis. 

Carter's Station, p. o., Greene co., Tenn. : 223 m. E. 
Nashville. 

Carteh's Store, p. o., Nicholas co.. Ay. ; 51 in. E. 
Frankfort. 

Cartebsville (fonnerhj Ambot), p. v., Oswego co., 
X. Y. : 116 m. AV. by N. Albany, 

Cartf.rsville, p, v., Cass co., Ga.: 122 m. N. W. Mil- 
ledgeviUe. The Western and Atlantic R. R. passes the v., 
55 m, from Atlanta. 

Cartersville, p. v., Tishemingo co., Miss. : 1S2 m. N. E. 
by N. Jackson. 

Cartersville, p. v., Darlmgton dist., S. Car.: 62 m. 
E. N. E. Columbia, 

Cartersville. p. v., Cumberland co., Virg.: on S. side 
of James r., near the mouth of Willis cr., 37 ra. W. by N. 
Richmond. 

Carthage, p. v., Tuscaloosa co., Ala. : on a cr. of Black 
Warrior r., 16 m. S. Tuscaloosa, and 66 m. N. W. Mont- 
gomery. 

Carthage, p. v.. Rush co., Ind.: on Blue r, 31 m. E. 
Indianapolis. Tlie Shelbyville and Kuightstown E. E. 
passes through the village, 

Carthage, p. v., and cap. Panola co., Tece.: on a cr. of 
Sabine r., 256 m. N. E. Austin City. 

Carthage, p. v., and cap. Hancock co., lU. : between 
Bear and Long creeks, 11 m, E. of the Mississippi r. It is 
a prosperous v., with a fine neighborhood. It is notorious 
as tho scene of the murder of Joe Smith and his compan- 
ions during the la'j? Mormon troubles. Coal is abundant 
for miles around. 



CAR 



CAS 



Carthage, p. v., Campbell co., Ky. : near the Ohio r., 62 
m. N. N. E. Frankiurf. 

CARxnAGi;, t. and p. v., Frankfin co.. Jfc. : on Webb's r. 
of the Androscroggin, 33 m. ^Y. N. W. Augusta. Pop. 
4T3. 

Carthage, p. v., and cap. Leake co., Miss. : on Ihe N. 
side of Pearl r., 47 m. N. E. Jackson. 

Cartrage, p. v.. and cap. Jasper co., 3fo. : on tho S. side 
of Neoslio r., 153 ni. S. W. Jefferson City. 

Carthage, p. v., and cap. Mnore co., N. Car.: on Ihe 
E. side of M'Lennon'a cr. of Deep r., from which it is dis- 
tant 3 m., and 51 m. S. W. Paleij^h. 

CAnxHAGE, p. v., Jefferson co., iV'i }'. .* on the N. E. side 
of Black r., 124 m. N. AV. Albany. It has considor.ible 
Iron works and several mills. The Lone Falls furnish ex- 
tensive water-power ; above these the river is novi;^al>le 40 
m. to the High Falls, where tlie Black Eiver Canal com- 
mences, but below navigation is interrupted. 

Caethage, p. v., Hamilton co,, Ohio: on Mill cr., S m. 
N. Cincinnati, and 94 m. S. "W. Columbus. The Miami 
Canal and Ihe Cincinnati. Hamilton, and Dayton It. It. in- 
tersects it at this point. Its central position in [lie county 
causes it to be a place of puliiic meetings, and here the 
Hamilton County Agricultural I'airs are lield. 

Caethage, p. v., and cap. Smith co., Ttnn.: on the N. 
bank of Cumberland r., opposite the confluence of the 
Cancy Fork, 46 m. E. Nashville. 

Cartuage (or Low Point) La>ting, p. o., Duchess co., 
K. Y. : 76 m. S. Albany. 

Carticat, p. v.. Gilmer co., Ga. : on the river so called, 
132 m. N. W. Milledgeville. 

Carver, t. and p. c, Plymouth co., Mass.: 41 m. S. E. 
Boston. Pop. 1,]S6. 
C vrver's Harbor, p. o., Waldo co., Me. 
Carversville, p. v., Bucks co., Penn.: lOS m. E. Ilar- 
risburg. 

Carverton, p. v., Luzerne co., Penn. : 78 m. N. E. Har- 
risburg. 

C'artsvflle, p. v., Champaign co., Okio: 53 m. W. by 
N. Columbus. 

Cascade, p. o., Dubuque co., la. : on Fall r., a branch of 
Makoqucta r., 49 m., N. E. Iowa City. 

Ca-scade, p. o., Sheboygan co., Wise. : S2 m. X. E. by E. 
Madison. 

Cascade, p. o., Pittsylvania co., Vtrg. ; on a cr. of Poan- 
oke r., 139 m. S. W. Pirlmiond. 

Cascade La Portaille, Mieh.: on the S. shore of Lake 
Superior. It consists of a stream emerging; from a eliff of 
the Pictured Hocks, 70 feet above the lake, in its e.«cape into 
which it leaps to such a distance that boats pass dry and 
safe between it and tho rocks. The caj^cade contributes a 
beauty to the sublimity with which the scone is invested. 

Casco, p. v., Cumberland cr>., Jfe.: onCro<_>!.*d cr.,4'2 m. 
W. S. W. AugTisUi. Pop. of 1. 1,045. 

Casco Bat, Cumberland co., Me. : an arm of the At- 
lantic, which sets up between Cape Elizabeth and Cape 
Small Point, 20 m. apart, and affords a good ancliorage. 
About 800 small islands are scattered within Us superflees, 
m<tst nf them habitable and productive. 

Caset county, A'lj. Situate centrally, and contains 44S 
sq. m. Drained by head waters of Green and Salt rivers, 
and some creeks of Cumberland r. Surface uneven, and 
soils fertile. Salt springs abound. "Wheat, com. and tobacco, 
are staple products. Farms 75S; manuf. 11; dwell. 1,005 
and pop.— wh. 5,'^63, fr. col. 59, el. 634— total 6,556. Ca/ri- 
tal : Liberty. 
Caset, p. v., Clarke co.. III. : 97 ra. E. Springflold. 
Casetville, p. v., Union co., Ky. : 178 m. W. by S. 
Frankfort. 

Casher'9 Vallet, p. o., Macon co., K. Car. : 203 ni. 
W. S. W. Paleigh. 

Cash's Nob, p. o., Montgomery co., Ky. : 61 m. E. by S. 
Frankfurt 



Cashtown, p. v., Adams co., Penn.: on the Gettysburg 
and Chambcrsburg turnpike, 43 m. S. W. Harrisburg. 

CAfymLLE, p. o., Sparlanburgh dist., 8. Car.: 91 ni. 
N. W. Columbia. 

Cass county, Ga. Situate N. W., and contains 432 sq. 
m. Drained by Etowah r. and its tributaries. Surface 
elevated and hilly ; soils generally fertile ; on the streams, 
a fine alluvion; wheat, Indian corn, and cotton, arc the 
chief products. Farms 601 ; manuf. S; dwell. 1,702, and 
pop.— wh. 10,271, fr. col. 21, si. 3,008— total 13.300. Cijn- 
tal: Cassville. Piihh'e Works : Macon and Western P. P., 
with Branch R. P. to Rome. 

Cass county, III. Situate W. centrally, on the left bank 
of Illinois r., and contains 360 sq. m. Drained by tributa- 
ries of Sangamon r., which borders the couhiy on the X., 
and by Indian cr. Surface undulating; prairie and timber 
being equally distributed. S'.'ils very fertile. Farms 600 ; 
manuf. 26; dwell. 1,169, and pop.— wh. 7,248, fr. col. 5— 
total 7,253. Capital : Beardstown. 

Cass county, InO. Situate N. middle, and contains 376 
sq. m. Surface generally level, but hilly or undulating n<ar 
the Wabash and Eel rivers. All the S. part is heavily tim- 
bered botlom-land, while in the X. prairie prevails. Con- 
siderable manufactures are carried on along the Wabash 
and other streams, which afford immense driving power- 
Iron ore, building stone, etc., are abundant. ]''arms 1.134; 
manuf. 108; dwell. 1.863, and pop.— wh. 10,959, fr. col. G2— 
total 11.021. Capital: Logansport. Puhlie Works : y\' a- 
bash and Erie Canal. 

Cass county, la. Situate S. W., and contains 576 sq. m. 
Taken from Pottowattomie in 1837. 

Cass c<mnty, Mich. Situate S. W. on State line, and eon- 
tains 504 sq. m. Drained by tributaries of St. Joseph r. 
Surface gently undulating and diversified h\ prairie .Tud 
timber groves. Soils exceedingly fertile. Farms 95i>; 
manuf. 21 ; dwell. 1,914, and pop.— wh. 10,518, fr. col. S89— 
total 10,907. Capital ; Caasopolis. 

Cass county, Mo. Situate W. on the State line, and con- 
tains 670 sq. m. Drained by the head waters of South 
Grand r. Surface level prairie, and soil excellent. Farms 
729; manuf. 19; dwell. 933, and pop. — wli. 5,610, fr. col. 2, 
si. 47S— total G,090. Capital: Harrisonville. 

Cass county, Tej^. Situate X. E. between Sulphur Fork 
of Red r., and Big Cypress r. and Caddo lake. The watcr- 
.shed being near the X. border, the greater number and 
largest streams fall into the waters bounding it S. Surface 
elevated, undulating, and well watered — timber abundant 
on the streams. Soils dark black mold mixed with clay. 
Farms 365 ; manuf. 10 ; dwell. 558, an<l pop.— wh. S,0?0. fr. 
col. 0, si. 1,902— total 4.991. Cajntal: Jcfl'erson. 

Cass. p. v., Tippecanoe co., Ind. : 63 m. N. W. Indian- 
apolis. 

Ca?s. p. v., A'enango co., Penn. : 169 m. W. X. W. 
Harrislnirg. 

Cass, p. v., Du Page co., III. : about 3 m. X- of the Illi- 
nois r., and 15S m. X. E. Springfield. 

Cass, p. v., Hillsdale co., Mich. : 69 m. S. Lansing. 

Cass, t. and p. v., Hancock co., Ohio: S4 m. X. by W. 
Columbus. Pnp. C-'l. 

Cass, p. v., Franklin co.. .I?'^-.: 112 m. X. W. LitUe 

Rock 
Cass, p. v., Lawrence co., Teii^i. : 73 m. S. by W. Xash- 

ville. 

Cass river. Mich. : a large branch of Saginaw r., into 
which it discharges, al>out20 m. above its confluence. It 
passes through a rich interval, covered with a heavy growth 
of beech and sugar tree. In high water it is boatable for 
15 or 20 m., and in its whole course affords excellent mill 
sites. 

Cassapaga, p. v.. Chautauque co., y. Y. : on the W. side 
of the hike so called, 276 m. W. by S. Albany. Cas=adaga 
lake and creek empty into the Conewango cr.. a tributary 
of Alleghany r. 

109 



GAS 



CAT 



Cassity's Mills, p. o.» Morgan co., Ky, : 89 m. E. Frank- 
fort. 

Cassopolis, p. v., and cap. Cass co., MicJu : on the N.W. 
border of Stone Lake, 69 m. S. W. Lansing. 

Cabstown, p. v., Miami co., Ohio: 68 m. W. Colum- 
bus. 

Casstown, p. v., 'White co., Tenn, : TO m. E. Naah- 
ville. 

Cassville, p. v., and cap. Cass co., Ga. : 123 ni. N. W. 
Milledgtrville. It is a thriving village, and has a weekly 
newspaper, the "C. Standard." The Western and AUautic 
E. R. passes it on the 8. W. 

Cassville, p. v., Harrison Co., Ohio: 9S m. E. by N. 
Columbus. 

Cassville, p. v., and cap. Barry co., Mo. : on Flat cr. of 
James r., a fork of the White r., 162 m. S. W. Jefferson 
City. 

Casstille, p. v., Oneida co., y. Y. : on Sauquoit cr., 76 
m. W. by N. Albany. 

Cassvii^e, p. v., Uontingdon co., JTenn.: 63 m. "W. 
Harrisburg. 

Cassville, t. and p. v., Grant co.. Wise. : on the E. side 
of Mississippi r., S4 m. W. by S. Madison. 

Cassville, p. v., Monongalia co., Virg. : 19S m. N. "W. 
Eichmond. 

Cassweu, county, 2^. Car. Situate N. middle on the 
State line, and contains 432 sq. m. Drained by tributaries 
of Dan r. Surface elevated and varied. Soils fertile. 
"Wheat, com, oats, and tobacco are largely produced, and 
the slock of cattle, etc., is ample. Farms 707 ; manuf. 56; 
dwell. S15, and pop— wh. 7,0S1, fr. col. 41S, si. 7,770— total 
10,269. Capital: Tanceyville. 

Castalia, p. v., Erie co., Ohio: 98 m. N. Columbus. 

Cabtalian Speings, p. O.J Sumner co., Tejvn. : 33 m. 
N. E. NashviUc, 

Cji£TiLE, t. and p. v., "Wyoming co., yi Y.: 222 m. W. 
Albany. The Genessee r. flows through the E. part of the 
town, and in the N. part is Silver Lake. The village is lo- 
cated on the Buffalo and New York City R. 11. Pop. ?,446. 

Castile, p. v., Greene co., Penn.: 1S9 m. W. by S. 
ilarrisburg. 

Castile, p. v., Clinton co.. Mo.: on a cr. of Platte r. so 
called, 146 m. W. N. W. Jefferson City. 

Cabtine, p. v., Darke co., Ohio : SI m. W. Columbus. 

Cabtixe, t., p. v., sea-port, and cap. Hancock co.. Me. : 
On a peninsula on the E. side of Penobscot Bay, opposite 
Belfast, 43 m. E. Augusta. The town is almost surrounded 
by navigable waters. The village at the S. end of the pen- 
insula has a good harbor, capable of receiving the largest 
ships. The site was occupied by the French as early as 
1667, and it was held by the British in the last war. It is 
the key to the Penobscot r., and might easily be fortified. 
The lumber and coasting trade employ its shipping, and 
much attention is paid to the flsheiics. Pop. 1,261. 

Castle Craig, p. o., Campbell co., Virg.: 109 m. W. by 
S. Eichmond. 

Castle Creee, p. o., Broome co., A1 Y.: 112 m. S. W. 
Albany. 

Castle Fin, p. v., York co., Pe^in. : 41 m. S. by E, 
Harrisburg. 

Castle Gro^t;, p. o., Jones co., la. : 43 m. N. E. by E. 
Iowa City. 

Castlemas's Ferbt, p. c, Clarke co., Virg. : on Shenan- 
doah r., 105 m. N. by W. Richmond. 

Castleman's river, Penn. : the E. branch of the You- 
ghiogeny r. It is a rapid stream and has many falls and 
cascades. 

Castleton, I., Richmond co., y. Y. : on the N. end of 
Staten Island. Pop. 5;5S9. 

Cabtlejon, t. and p. o., Batry co., Mich. : on the Big 
Fork of Thornapple cr. 42 m. W. by S. Lansing. In this 
town the river expands into largo lakes, which cover a 
tenth of the town lands Pop. 324. 
110 



Castlkton, p. v., Eenssellaer co., N. Y. : on the E. side 
of Hudson r., and on the line of the Hudson River E. R., 
10 m. S. Albany. 

Castleton, t and p. v., Rutland co., Ver^n.: on Castle- 
ton r., 64 m. S. W. Montpelier. Lake Bombazine, 8 m. 
long and less than 3 m. broad, lies mostly in the town, and 
contains a beautiful island of 10 acres. The village is the 
seat of CasUeton Medical College, a department of Mid- 
dlebury College. The Saratoga and CasUeton R. R. and 
the Rutland and Washington R. R. intersect at this point, 
and unite with the Vermont and Canada lines. P. 3 016. 

Castoe, p. o., Caldwell par., La. : 134 m. K. W. Baton 
Rouge. 

Castorville. p. v., and cap. Medina co., 7<xr. .* on the 
W. side of the liio t?an Antonio, 9S m. S. W. Austin C^ty. 
The old Spanish military road crosses the r. at this poinL 
The inhabitants are chiefly Germans. 

Caswell, p. v., Lafayette co., Mi^s.: 158 m. N. by E. 
Jackson. 

Catahoula parish, ia. Situate E. centrally of W. Dlst, 
and contains about 800 sq. ra. Drained by tributaries of 
Red and "Washita rivers. Surface E. flat, and subject 
to inundation — W. moderately hilly, and covered wnth 
pine timber. Soils fertile, producing Indian com, potatoes, 
and cotton. Farms 35S; manuf. 3; dwell. 655, and pop. — 
wh. 3,5S5, fr. coL 19, si. 3,37S— total C,9S2. Capital: Haiv 
risonburg. 

Catauoula river, La. : a tributary of the Washita r. 

Catalpa Grove, p. o., Greene co., A'y. : 76 m. S. S. W. 
Frankfort 

Catalpa Grove, p. o., Marshall co., Tenn. .- 46 m. S. 
Nashville. 

Catalpa Geovi, p. v., Benton co., Ind.: 86 m. N. "W. 
Indianapolis. 

Cat-a-Poodle river, Oreg. : a tributary of Columbia r. 
from the N. E., emptying opposite the village of St Helens. 

Cataract, p. o., Owen co., In<i. : 52 m. S. W. Indian- 
apolis. 

Catasauqua, p. v., Lehigh co., Penn.: 73 m. E. byN. 
Ilarrisburg. Pop. S&5. 

Cataula, p. v., Harris co., tfa. ;.114 m. "W. by 8. 
MiUedgeville. 

Catawba county, N. Car. Situate centrally, and contains 
430 sq. m. Drained by tributaries of Catawba r., which is 
its S. border. Farms 957 ; manuf. 3 ; dwell. 1,237, and pop. 
— wh. 7,272, fr. col. 21, si. 1,569— total 8,S62. Capital: 
Newton. 

Catawba, p. v., Clarke co., 0?do: 43 m. "W. Columbus. 

Catawba, p. v., Botetourt co. Virg.: on a cr. so called, 
133 m W. Richmond. 

Catawba Creek, p. o., Gaston co.,iV. Car. ; 139 m. S. "W, 
Raleigh. 

Catawba Spri>*08, p. v., Lincoln co., X. Car. : on the 
W. sida Catawba r., 3 m. distant, and 123 ra. W. by S, 
Raleigh. 

Catawba Tiew, p. o., Caldwell co., -AT Car. : 153 m. W. 
Ealeigh. 

Catawissa, t and p. v., Columbia co., Penn. : on the 
Susquehanna, at the mouth of Catawissa cr., 58 m. N. N. E, 
Ilarrisburg. The Catawissa and Little Schuylkill E. R. 
passes through the village. Pop. of v. 5G5. 

Catawissa Vallev, p. o., EchuylkiU co., Penn.: 58 m, 
N. E. Harrisburg. 

Catfish Furnace, p. o., Clarion co., Penn. : 166 m, 
W. N. W. Harrisburg. 

Catuaihnes, t and p. v., Chemung co., K Y.: 154 m. 
W. by S. Albany. The t Is drained by Catharines and 
Cayuta creeks. Pop. 3,070. 

Catharine Lake, p. o., Onslow co., N. Car. .'93 m. S. E. 
Ealeigh. 

Catucaet, p. v., White CO., Ind. : 82 m. N. N. W. Indiatt- 
apolis. 

CATnEY's Creek, p. o., Henderson oo., N. Co/r. 



CAT 



CED 



Catiilamet, v., Pacific co., Qreg. : on the N. bonk of 
Columbia r., iibout 30 m. from its mouth, and 86 m. N. 
Salem. 

Cati.etts BURGH, p. 0., Grccnop co., Ey. : on the Ohio r., 
below the moulh of Big Sandy r., 133 m. E. Frankfort. 

Cato, t. and p. v., Cayuga co., 2/. Y. : on Seneca r„ 142 
m. W. Albany. Pop. 3;247. 

Caton, t. and p. o., Steuben co., JV. Y. : 166 m. W. S. "W. 
Albany. Pop. 1214. 

Catonsville, p. v., Baltimore co., Md. : on the N. side 
of Patapsco r.. 2 ra. distant, and 36 m. N. N. W. Annapolis. 

Cato Speings, p. o., Ilankin co., Miss. 

Caiskill, t., p. v., and cap. Greene co., jY. Y.: on the 
Vi. side of Hadson r., 31 m. S. Albany. The v. lies on 
both sides of Catikill cr.,near its junction with the Hudson, 
and contains, besides the county buildings, several hand- 
some churches, hotels, and stores. It has numerous manu- 
factures, and is much engaged in the river trade. Two 
newspapers, the '■ C. Democrat," and the " Greene County 
Whig," are issued weekly. Pop. 5,454. 

Catskill Mountains (Kaolsberg), JV^. 1". ." rise in Ulster 
CO., and, extending through Greene and Schoharie counties, 
beud in a crescent form toward the Mohawk r. Kound 
Top, tlie highest peak, measured by the barometer, is 3,S04 
feet abo\ e tide water ; and a second peak is S,71S feet. On 
the K. the mountains are precijntous, but on the W. side 
the descent is comparatively gentle. In these mountains, 
many of the wild animals indigenous to the State are still to 
be found. These mountains are frequently resorted to by 
summer tourists. 

Cattaraugus county, X. Y. Situate S. W., and contains 
1,234 sq. m. Drained by tributaries of Alleghany r. and Cat- 
taraugus er. — the waters of the former being conveyed to 
the Gulf of Mexico, and of the latter to the Atlantic through 
St. Lawrence r. Surface elevated, well timbered, and the 
soils excellent, producing wheat, com, etc., of the finest 
quality. Bog-iron ore, manganese, peat, marl, etc., are 
found in abundance ; and near Freedom is an oil spring — 
there are also saline and sulphur springs. Farms 3.655 ; 
manuf. 299; dwell. 6,750. and pop.— wh. 88,851, fr. col. 99 — 
total 3S,950. Capital: EUicottsvillc. Public Wurks: Gen- 
essec Valley Canal ; New York and Erie R. K., etc. 

Caughdenoy, p. v., Oswego CO., N. Y. : 123 m. W. N."W. 
Albany. 

Cave, p. o., Franklin co., Hi. : In the S. E. part of the 
CO., 13S m. S. E. Springfield. 

Cave, p. o., "White co., TeTin. : 78 m. E. Nashville. 

Cave in Eock, p. o., Hardin co., III. : on the Ohio r., 1S2 
m. S. S. E. Springfield. The remarkable cave which gives 
name to this p. o., is near the water's edge, and is partially 
filled at a higli stage of the r. Its entrance is visible in 
passing up and down the stream. A perpendicular shaft 
Opens at some distance from its mouth, on ascending which 
the visitor finds a largo number of chambers of various 
sizes, hung with stalactites. This is one of the greatest 
curiosities of the West. 

Cavekder's Ceeek, p, 0,, Lumpkin co., Ga. : 120 m. 
N. N. "W. Milledgeville. 

Cavendish, t. and p. o., "Windsor co., T'trm. .■ on Black 
r., 56 m. S. by E. Montpelier. The surface of the t. is 
exceedingly hiliy, and the channel of the r. at the falls has 
been worn down some 100 feet. Considerable manufac- 
lureshave been established on the streams. Pop. 1,576. 

Cave Sprino, p. o., Floyd co., Ga.: a little to the W. of 
Cedar cr. of Coosa r., 1-15 m. N. W. Milledgeville. 

Cave Spring, p. o., Scott co., Ay. : IS m. N. E. Fr-ankforU 

Cave Speing, p. o., "Wright co., Mo. : 80 m. S. by "W. 
Jefferson City. 

Cave Spring, p. o., Roanoke co., Virg. : on "W. side of 
the Blue Ridge, 129 m. W. Richmond. 

Cavetown, p. v., "Washington co., Md. ; on Cave Branch 
of Beaver cr., 8 m. from Hagerstown, and 86 m. N. "W. 
Annapolis. 



Cayuga county, iV", Y. Situate W. centrally, and con- 
tains 643 sq. m. Drained by Skaneateles, Owasco, and 
Cayuga lakes, the'u- connections and creeks ; also by several 
streams emptying into Lake Ontario. Surface generally 
level, but much varied, and the soils productive. Gypsum 
abounds, and there aro several sulphur, chalybeate, and 
saline springs in the county. Farms 4,22S ; manuf. 508 ; 
dwell. 9.259, and pop.— wh. 54,924, fr. col. 534— total 55,453. 
Capital: Auburn. Puhlia Works: Erie Canal; Syracuse 
and Rochester R. R., etc. 

Cayuga, p. v., Hinds co.. Miss.: on a small cr. of Big 
Black r., 83 m. S. W. Jackson. 

Cayuga, p. v., Jackson co., Mkh. : 87 m. S, by E. 
Lansing. 

Cayuga, p. v., Cayuga co., K. Y. : on the N. E. side of 
Cayuga Lake, 144 ra. W. Albany. The lake is here crossed 
by a bridge more than a mile long, over which the Roches- 
ter and Syracuse R. R. passe*, and a regular steamboat line 
runs from this v. to Hhaca, in connection with the Cayuga 
and Susquehanna R. R. 

Cayuga lake, N. Y.: lies betwe.n Seneca and Tomp- 
kins counties. It is about 40 m. long, and from 1 to 8) m. 
wide, and empties into Seneca r. It is ven' deep, and eon- 
tains abundance of fine fish. A steamboat plies regularly 
from Cayuga Bridge to Ithaca, calling at tlie intermediate 
places. 

Cayuta, t. and p. o., Chemung co., iV. Y. : on Cayuta cr., 
142 m. W. S. "W. Albany. Pop 1.035. 

Cayutaville, p. v., Tompkins co., N. Y. : on E. side of 
Caj-uta Lake. 140 m. "W. S. "W. Albany. 

Cazenovia, t. and p. v., Madison co., N. Y. : on Cazeno- 
via Lake, lOS m. "W. Albany. It is a busy place, and has 
several manufactures. The "Madison County Whig'* is 
issued weekly. Pop. 4,812. 

Cecil county, 31(1. Situate N. E., and contains 360 sq. 
m. Drained by I'^Ik, North-east, and other rivers. Sur- 
face generally undulating, sometimes hilly and broken. 
Soils light and loamy, with a reddish clay subsoil. Rocks 
abundant, and iron, chromes, and other minerals found. 
Timbc-r sufl[ioient for domestic purposes. Farms 1,208; 
manuf. 176 ; dwell. 3,056, and pop— wli. 15,472, fr. col. 2,623, 
si. &44— total 18,939. Capital: Elkton. PiMio Works: 
Philadelphia, "Wilmington, and Baltimore R. R. ; New- 
castle and Frenchtowu li. R. ; and Chesapeake and Dela- 
ware Canal. 

Cecil, t. and p. o., "Washington co., Penn.: on Muller's 
branch of Chartier's cr., 173 m. "W. Ilarrisburg. Pop. 1,'JS7. 

Cecilton, p. v., Cecil co., Md. : on the N. of Sassafras r., 
3 m. distant, 43 m. N. E. Annapolis. 

Cedar county, Ja. Situate E., and contains 576 sq. m. 
Drained by Cedar r. and Its branches. Surface undulating 
and soils fertile. Farms 353; manuf. 4; dwell. 6S6, and 
pop.— wh. 3,939, fr. col. 2— total 3.941. Capital: Tipton. 

Cedar county, Mo. Situate "W., and contains 423 eq. 
m. Drained by the tributaries of Sac r. of the Osage. Sur- 
face level, with some woodland. Soils exceedingly fertile. 
Farms 347; manuf. 7; dwell. 561, and pop.— wh. 3,273, fr. 
col. 1, si. 32— total 3,361. Capital: Fremont. 

Cedar, p. v., Allen co., Iiid. : at the confluence of Cedar 
cr. with Little St. Jaseph r., 112 m. N. E. Indianapolis. 

Cedar, p. 0., Livingston co., Mich. : 33 m. E. by S. 
Lansing. 

Cedar Bayoit, p. o., Liberty co., Ttw. ; on a cr. so called, 
173 m. E. Austin City. 

Cedar Bluff, p. v., Cherokee co.. Ala. : 132 m. N. by 
E. Montgomerj'. Formerly capital of the county. 

Cedar Bluff, p. o., Ocktibbeha co., Miss. : 107 m. N. E. 
Jackson. 

Cedar Bluff, p. o., Tazewell co., Virg. : 233 m TV. by 8. 
Richmond. 

Cedar BRANcn, P.O., Campbell CO., 6'rt..- 91 m. W.N."W. 
Milledgeville. 

Cedajibubgh, t. and p. v., "Washington co., Wise. : on the 

111 



CED 



CEN 



"W. side of Cedar cr. of MUwaukie r, 7-4 m. E. by N. 
Madison. Pop. 1,184. 

Cedar Ceree, p. v., Sussex co., Pel. : 2T m. S. by E. 
Dover. Cedar Creek hund. contains 72,090 acres 

Cedae Creek, p. o., Kutherford co., iV. Car.: 173 m. 
"W. 9. ^Y. Kaleigh. 

Cedar Ceekk, p. o., 'Washington co., Wise. : on the W. 
eideof Cedar cr., 63 m. E. by N. Madison. 

Cedae creek, !7uf. : a tributary from the N. of Little SU 
Joseph r. It is an excellent mill stream, about 40 m. in 
lengrth. 

Cedar creek, Ind. : a branch of Kankakee r., the outlet 
of Cedar Lake. 

Cedar creek, Kockbridge co., Virff. : a tributary of 
James r. U is remarkable for the Natural Bridge that 
spans it 12 m. S. of Lexington. The r. passes through a 
chasm which is 00 feet wide at tlie top, and the walls are 
250 feet high, almost perpendicular. The bridge is a huge 
rock thrown across the chasm at the top; it is 60 feet wide, 
and covered with earth and trees, forming a sublime spec- 
tacle when seen from the margins of the stream. 

Cedar Creek, p. o., Barry co., Mich. : 42 m. W, by S. 
Lansing. 

Cedar Creek, p. o., Monmouth co., 2i. Jer. 

Cedar Creek, p. o., Richland dist., S. Car. : on a cr. of 
the Congareo r. so called, 17 m. S. E. Columbia. 

Cedar Creek, p. o., Greene co., Tenn.: on Cedar cr. of 
the Nolichucky r., 221 m. E. Nashville. 

Cedar Cbbek, p. o., Frederick co,, Vii'i/- •' 122 m. N. N.W. 
Richmond. 

Cedar Creek Mills, p. o., Stephenson co., III. : 156 m. 
N. Springfield. 

Cedar Falls, p. v., and cap. Black Hawk co., la. : on 
Cedar r., 73 m. N. W. Iowa City. 

Cedar Falls, p. c, Randolph co., 2^. Car. : 66 m. "W. 
Raleigh. 

Cedar Falls, p. o., Richland dist., S. Car.: on Cedar 
cr. of Congaree r., 22 m. S. E. Columbia. 

Cedar Ford, p. o., Grainger co., Tomi. : 1T9 m. E. 
Nashville. 

Cedar Grove, p. o., Jefferson co., Ala. : 92 m. N. by W. 
Montgomery. 

Cedar Gkovt^, p. o., Sheboygan co., Wise: S. of Union 
r. of the Sheboygan, 7S m. E. by N. Madison. 

Cedar Grove, p. v., Franklin co., Ind. : on the E. side 
of White Water r., SS m. E. by S. Indianapolis. 

Cedar Grove, p. o.. Orange co., JV. Car. : 47 m. N. W. 
Raleigh. 

Cedae Geote, p. o., Wilson co., Tenn. : 33 m. E. Nash- 
ville, 

Cedar Grove, p. o., Breckenridgo co., X'j.: S9 m. 
W. by S. Frankfort. 

Cedar Gbove, p. o.. Kauffman co., Tex. : on Cedar cr. of 
Trinity r., 226 m. N. N. E. Austin City. 

Cedar Grove Mills, p. o., Rockbridge co., Tirg. : 114 
m. W. Richmond. 

Cedar Hill, p. o., Albany co., JV. T.: near the Hudson 
r.. 6 m. S. Albany. 

Cedar Hill, p. o., Anson co., Al Car. : W. gf tho Yad- 
kin r., 87 m. S. W. Raleigh. 

Cedar island, Mich. : a small island at tho entrance of 
Detroit strait into Lake Krie. 

Cedar Kev, p. o., Levy co., Flor.: IOC m. S. E. Talla- 
hassee. Tho Cedar Keys consist of several small islands 
off the mouth of the Suwannee r., on the W. coast of the 
peninsula, and are iidiabit^d by fishrrraen and wreckers. 

Cedar Lake, p. o., Lake co., Lid. : on the lake so called, 
123 m. -N. W. Indianiipolis. Cedar Lake is 3 m. long, and 
three-tburths of a mile wide, and abounds in various de- 
scriptions of fisb. 

Cedar Lake, p. o.. Brazoria co., Tixo.: on Cedar Lake 
Bayou, on th-; S. W. part of the co., 158 m. S. E. Austin 
City. 

112 



Cedar Lake, p. o., Calhoun co., Mich. : on a small col- 
lection of water so called, 42 m. S. W. Lansing. The lake 
empties through a cr. of St. Joseph's r. 

Cedar Lake, p. o., Herkimer co., y. T. : on a lake so 
called, &7 m. N. W. Albany. 

Cedae lake, 3fich. : a small collection of water in the 
S. E. comer of Van Buren co., the waters of which are eon- 
ducte*! into St. Joseph r. by a branch of Dowagiake r., 
which rises from it. 

Cedar Moujjt, p. o., W>-the co., Virff. : 211 m. W. by 3. 
Richmond. , 

Cedar Plains, p. o., Morgan co., Ala. : 14S ra. N. by W. 
Montgomery. 

Cedar Point, p. o., Page CO., Virff.: 93 m. N. W. 
Richmond. 

Cedar Rapids, p. o., Linn co., la.: at the rapids of 
Cedar r., 23 m. N. by W. Iowa City. 

Cedar Siioal, p. o., Chester dist., S. Cur. : 61 m. N. W. 
Columbia. 

Cedar Spring, p. o., Benton co., Ala. : 99 m. N. N. E. 
Monlgomer}'. 

Cedar SpRtNQ, p. o., Wythe co., Virff. : 212 m. W. by S. 
Richmond. 

Cedar Spring Asylum, p. o., Spartanburg dist., S. Car. 

Cedar Springs, p. o., Spartanburg dist., S. Car. : S3 m. 
N. W. Columbia. 

Cedar Springs, p. o., Allen co., Ky. : 122 m. S. W. 
Frankfort. 

Cedar Swamp, p. o.. Queens co. X T. : 122 m. S. by E. 
Albany. 

Cbdartown. p. v., Paulding co., Ga. : between the forks 
of Cedar cr. of Coosa r., 132 m. W. N. W. MOlcdgevUle. 

Cedar Tree, p. o., Talladega co., Ala. : 61 ra. N. Mont- 
gomery. 

Cedar Yalley, p. o., Wayne co., Ohio : 73 m. N. E. 
Columbus. 

Cedarville, p. v., Cumberland co., K. Jer. : on Cedar 
cr., 4 m. from Delaware Bay, and 62 S. by W. Trentoiu It 
has some manufactures and considerable trade in wood. 

Cedarville, p. v., Herkimer co., N, Y. : 72 m. W. by N. 
Albany. 

Cedarville, p. v., Greene co., Ohio: on the line of the 
Columbus and Xenia R. R., 47 m. S. E. Columbus. 

Cedarville, p. v., Washington co., Virg. : 246 m. 
W. S. W. Richmond. 

Cedp.on, p. v., Clermont co., Ohio : S6 m. S. W. Columbus. 

Celestise, p. v., Dubois co., Ind.: a few miles S. of 
Patoka r., and 93 m. S. S. W. Indianapolis. 

Celina, p. v., and cap. Mercer co., Ohio: on the W. side 
of the upper Wabash r., 94 m. W. N, W. Colnrabus. A 
newspaper, the "Western Standard" (dem.), is ])ublished 
weekly. 

Celina, p. v., Jackson co., Tenn, : on the E. side of 
Cumberland r., 72 m. E. N. E. Nashville. 

Cestral, p. 0., St, Louis co., Mo. : 92 m. E. Jefferson 
City. 

Central, p. o., Columbia co., Peim. : 67 m. N. by E. 
Harrisburg. 

Central Bridoe, p..o., Schoharie co., N, T.: on Scho- 
harie cr. of the Mohawk, 27 m. W. Albany. 

Central College, p. o., Franklin co, N. Y.: 138 m. 
N. N. W. Albany. 

Central Plains, p. o., Fluvanna co., Virg. : 49 m. W. 
Richmond. 

Central Point, p. o., Caroline co., Virg. : 37 m. N, 
Richmond. 

Central Sqcare, p. o., Oswego co., K. Y.: 123 m. 
W. N. W. Albany. 

Central Village, p. v., Windham co., Conn. : on the 
Norwich and Worcester R. R., 39 fn, E. Hartford, 19 m. 
from Norwich, and 40 m. from Worcester. 

Centre county, Penn. Situate centrally, and contains 
1,4S0 sq. m. Dramed by Bald Eaglo, Penn's, and other 



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creeks, and by the W. brandi of Sugqucliaiina r. Surface 
roeky nnd nK.uiitninous. Soils of a stubborn nature acen- 
orally, but along the slreams there is much that is blaihly 
fertile. Farms 1,043; mamif. 171; dwell. 3,9'36, and pop.— 
wh. 23,112, fr. eol. 2-13— tntal 23,355. Oijj/tal : Bellefoute. 

Centre, p. v., and cap. Cherokee co., Ala. : 13t> m. 
N. by E. Montgnmery. 

Centre, p. v., Montgomery co., Ohio: GQ m. W. S. W. 
Columbus. 

Centre, p. v., Talbot eo., Ga. : S2 m. W. by S. Millodge- 
yille. 

Cestee, p. v., Cass co., Tea*. : 27S m. N. E. Austin City. 

Centre, p. v., Earrcn co., A'/A ■* ^^ "^- ^- ^' Frankfort. 

Centre, t. and p. o., Eock co., Wise. : 41 m. S. by E. 
Ma.lison. Pop. 626. 

Centre, p. v., Guilford co., K Cm: : 69 ra. "W. by N. 
Kaleigh. 

Centre, t, and p. o., Perry co., PeuTu : 36 ra. N. W. Ilar- 
risburg. Pop. 1,20S. 

Centre Almond, p. v., Allogliany co., 3'". }' ; 203 m. 
W. S. W. Albany. 

Centue Karnsteap, p. v., Bclknnp co., M Ilainp,: on 
Simcook r., IS m. N. E. by E. Concord. 

Centre Beli'ke, p. v., Washington co.. Ohio: on the 
Ohio r., below Blenncrhassetfs Island, S6 m. E. S. E. 
Columbus. 

Centre Behi-in. p. v., Ilensscllaer co., X. T. : on lloosic 
r., 19 m. E. Albany. 

Centre Bridge, p. o., Bucks co., Pain. : 1()3 ni. E. 
Ilarrisburg. 

Ckntre Beook, p. o., Middlesex co., Oynn. : 24 m. S. by E. 
Hartford. 

CENTREBURon, p. o., Knox CO., Ohio : on the S. side of the 
N. fork of Licking r., 33 ra. N. E. Columbus. 

Centre Cambridge, p. v., Washington co., K. K : 2S m. 
N. N. E. Albany. 

Centre Canisteo, p. t., Steuben co., jV. }'.- on the S. 
side of Canisteo r., 169 m. W. S. "W. Albany. 

Centre Conway, p. v., Carroll eo., A' Ilamp. : on Swift 
r., 50 m. N. E. Concord. The Great Falls and Conway 
E, K. will pass near this village. 

Centre Creek, p. o., Iron co., Utah Ter. 

Cehtee Cross, p. c, Essex co., Virg. : 62 m. N. E. 
Eichmond. 

Cfntredale, p. o.. Providence co., li. I. : 11 m. W. 
Providence, 

Centrefield, p. v., Ontario co., K. Y. : 177 ni. W. 
Albany. 

Centrefield, p. v., Oldham co., Ky. : 37 m. N. W. 
Frankfort. 

Centrefield, p. v., Highland co., Ohio: on the S. side of 
Paint or., 54 m. S. W. Columbus. 

Centre Groton, p. v., New London, co., Conm.: 43 m. 
8. E. Hartford. 

Centre Guilford, p. v., Piscataquis co., Mf. : 5S m. 
N. N. E. Augusta. 

Centre Harbor, t. and p. v., Belknap co., K n>nnp.: 
between Winnt-pisseogcc Lake on the S., and Squam Lake 
on the N., 3S m. N. Concord. Pop. 549. 

Centre Hn-L, p. o., Centre co., Penv. 
Harrisburg. 

Centre Hill, p. c, Stewart co., G'ff. .■ 
MilIedgeville. 

CENTftE Indevendence, p. 0., Alloghany co., N. Y. : 205 
m. W. S. W. Albany. 

Centre Lebanon, p. v., York co., J/c. .• S4 m. S. W. 
Augusta. 

Centre Lincolntille, p. v., Waldo co., 3fe. : 37 m. 
E. by S. Augusta. 

Centre Line, p. o., Centre co., Penn. : SI m. N. W. 
Harrisburg. 

Centre Llsle, p. o., Broome co., A^. Y. : 113 m. W. by S. 
Albany. 



74 ra. N. W. 



113 m. S. W. 



Centue Lo'vell, ji. o.. (;)xf.jrd co., J/h. .■ 57 m. E. by S. 
Augusta. 

Centre Montville, p. v., Waldo co.. Jfe. : 27 m. E. by N. 
Augusta. 

Centre Moreland, p. v., Wyomini; co., Penn.: 98 m. 
N. E. Harrisburg. 

Centre Ossippee, p. v., Carroll co., A\ Ilamp.: 42 m. 
N. N. E. Concord. 

Centre Point, p. v., Monroe co., 7i y. ; IIS m. S. S W 
Frankfort. 

Centre Point, p. v., Sevier co., Arl-. : 147 m. W. S. W. 
Little Kock. 

Cfntre Point, p. v.. Linn co., Ja. : on a cr. of Cedar r., 
3S m. N. by W. Iowa City. 

Centre Point, p. v., Knox co., IlL : 73 m. N. N. W- 
Springfleld. 

Centre Poet {now Elm BurFF), p. v., Dallas co., Ala. : 
on the E. side of Alabama r., 49 m. W. S. W. Montgomery. 

Centrepobt, p. v., SutTulk co., K. Y. : on Great Cow Bay, 
lis m. S. by E. Albany. 

Centre Eidge, p. v., Kemper co., Miss.: 91 m. E. N. E. 
Jackson. » 

Centre Rutland, p. v., Rutland co., Term. .- on Mill r. 
of Otter cr.. 49 m. S. by W. Montpelier. 

Centre Sandwich, p. v., Carroll co., NI I/amp. : 46 m. 
N. Concord. 

Centre Suerman. p. v., Chautauquc co,, N. Y. : 293 m. 
W. by S. Albany. 

Centre Sidney, p. v., Kennebec co., Mi}.:b m. N. 
Augusta. 

Centre Star, p. o., Lauderdale co., Ahi. : 194 m. N. W. 
Montgomery. 

Centre Strafford, p. v., Strafford co., N. Ilavvp. : 21 m. 
E. Concord. 

Centreton, p. v., Salem co., 27". Jer. : 66 m. S. by W. 
Trenton. 

Centrf-ton, p. v., Huron co., Ohio: 103 m. N. by E. 
Columbus. 

Centeetown, p. v., Dubuque co., la, : GG m. N. E. Iowa 
City. 

Centretown, p. v., Mercer co., Penn. : 197 m. W. N.W. 
Harrisburg. 

Centretown, p. v., Anderson dist., S. Car. : 118 m. 
W. N. W. Columbia. 

Centre Valley, p. o., Lehigh co., P^in. : 69 m. E. N. E. 
Han-isburg. 

Centre Valley, p. o., Otsego co., K Y.: 49 m. W. by 
N. Albany. 

Centre Village, p. v., Camden co., Ga. : 16S m. S. E. 
Milledgeville. 

Centre Village, p. v., Broome CO., Al }"; .• 117m.W. S. W, 
Albany. 

Centreville, p. v., Montgomery co., Ark. : 72 m, W. by 
S. Little EoL-k. 

Centreville, p. v., Leon co., Tex. : 12G m. N. E. Austin 
City. 

Centreville, p. v., and cap. Bibb co., Ala.: on tbo E. 
side of Cahawba r., at the lower falls, 65 m. N. W. Mont- 
gomery. 

CENTREvn.LE, p. V., Newcasflc CO., Del. : near the N. 
State line, 39 m. N. by W. Dover. 

Centreville, p. v., Leon co., Flor. 

Centretille, p. v., Wilkes co., Ga.: S. of Long or. of 
Broad r., 51 m. N. E. MilledgeviUe. 

Centreville, p. v., Columbia CO., Wise. : 61 m. N. E. 
Madison. 

Centreville, p. v., and cap. Wayne co., Ind. : on theE. 
side of White Water r., 61 m. E. by N. Indianapolis. The 
Central Indiana E. E. passes through the v. about 11 ra. W. 
l;ichmond. 

Centreville. p. v., and cap. St. Joseph's co., Mich. : on 
the S. side of Prairie r. of St. JosepJi's r., 73 m. S. W. 
Lansing. It is an improving town, and has a newspaper, 

113 



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Uie *'St Joseph's County Adverllser" (whig), pubUshed 
weeklv. A branch of the University is located here. 

Centreville, p. v., and cap. Appanoose co., la. : 76 m. 
B. W. Iowa City. 

Centp.eville, p. v., Wabash co., lU. : 133 m. S. E. 
Springfield. 

Centbeville, p. v., Conway co., Ark. : 47 m. N. W. 
Little Kock. 

Centbeville, p. v., Bourbon co., Ki/. : 83 m. E. Frank- 
forl. 

Centrevtlle, p. v., St. Mary's par,, La. : on the S. side 
of Bayou Tech6, 51 m. S. by W. Baton llouge. 

Centbeville, p. v., and cap. Queen Anne co., Md. : at 
the head of Corsica cr., 25 m. E. Annapolis. 

Centbeville, p. v., Barnstable co., Mass.: G3 m. S. E. 
Boston. 

Centbeville, p. v., Amilie co., Miss. : 94 m. S. "W. by S. 
Jackson. 

Centbeville, p. v., Moore co., JVl Car, : 45 m. S. W. 
Raleigh. 

Centbeville, p. v., Hunterdon co., J^. Jer. : 83 m. N. 
Trenton. 

Centbeville, t and p. v., Alleghany co., iV. Y. : in the 
N. "W, comer of the co., 22S m. W. by S. Albany. P. 1,445. 

Centbeville, p.v., Montgomery- co., Ohio : 6S m. W. S.W. 
Columbus. Building stone is abundant in the neighbor- 
hood. 

Centbeville, p. v., Crawford co., Penn. : on a cr. of 
Alleghany r., 157 m. N. W. Uarrisburg, 

Centbeville, p. v., Kent co., Jt. I. : on the E. side of 
Patuxent r., 11 m. 8. S. W. Providence. The inhabitants 
are chiefly engaged in the manufacture of cotton goods. 
Pop. about 450. 

Centbeville, p. v., Laurens dist., S. Car. : 73 m. N. TV'. 
Columbia. 

Centbeville, p. v., Ifickman co., Term. : on the S. side 
of Duck r. of the Tennessee, 47 m. S. W, Nashville. This 
V. was formerly capital of the county. 

Centbeville, p. v., Fairfax co., Virg. : on the N. branch 
of Occoquan cr., S4 m. N. Richmond. It has some manu- 
factures, and about 360 inhabitants. 

Centbeville, p. v., and cap. Appanoose co., la.: on the 
6. side of Cooper's or. of Chariton r., 87 m. S. W. Iowa City. 

Centre White Creek, p c, Washington co,, J^T. Y.: 81 
ra. N. N. E. Albany. 

Ceealvo, p. v., Carroll co., Miss. : 71 m. N. by E. 
Jackson. 

Cebes, p. v., Alleghany co., A' Y. : on a tributary of Alle- 
ghany r., 218 m. W. S. W. Albany. 

Cebesco, p. v., Calhou-n co., Mich. : on the N. side of 
Kalamazoo r., 39 m. S.W. Lansing. The Michigan Central 
R. R. passes through the v, 6 in. W. of Marshall. 

Cfresco, t and p. v., Fond du Lac co., Wise. : on a cr. 
emptying into Green Lake, 65 m. N. E. Madison. P. 1,337. 

Cerro Gokdo county, /(/. Situate W. middle, and con- 
tains 57G sq. m. Taken from Pottowattomce in 1S51. 

Cebeo Gobdo, p. v., and cap. Holmes co., Fior. 

Cerbo Gordo, p. v., Piatt co.. III. : on the S. side of the 
N. fork of Sangamon r., 47 ra. E. N. E. Springfield. 

Chadd's Foed, p. 0., Delaware co., Penn.: 162 m. E. by 
8. Harrisburg. 

CuAGBTN Falls, p. o., Cuyahoga co., Ohio : on Chagrin 
r. of Lake Erie, 165 m. N. E. Columbus. 

CnALK Bluff, p. o., Greene co., Ark. : 143 m. N. E. 
Little Rock. 

Chalk Level, p. o., Cumberland co., N. Car. : 39 m. S. 
Raleigh. 

Chalk Level, p. o., St. Clair co., 3fo. : 94 m. W. by S. 
Jefferson City. 

Chalk Level, p. o., Pittsylvania co., Virg. : 108 m. 
8. W. Richmond. 

Chalk Level, v., Benton co., Temi. : on the W. side of 
Tennessee r., 71 m. W. by S. Nashville. 
114 



Chalk Letel, p. o., Hopkins co., Ay- ■ 1*1 ^' ^^- S- W. 
Frank for L 

CuALK^LLE, p. v., Chester dist., S. Car.: 67 m. N. W. 
Columbia. 

Chambers county, Ala. Situate E. on State line, and 
contains 720 sq. m. Drained by creeks of Chattiihoochee 
and Tallapoosa rivers. Surface undulating, and soils gen- 
erally fertile, producing wheat, corn, and cotton. Farms 
l,3i2 ; manuf. 56 ; dwell. 2,138, and pop.— wh. 12,7S4, fr. col. 
IS, si. 11,15S— total 23,D60. Capital: Chambers. Pttblic 
Work^ : Montgomery and Weet Point R. 11. 

Chambers, p. v., and cap. Chambers co., Ala. : 63 m. 
N. E. Monlgnmery. 

CnAMUEBSBURGH, p. V., Pikc CO., III.: on the W. side of 
M'Kee's cr. of the Illinois r., 53 m. W. Springfield. 

CuAJiBEBSBURon, p. V., Clarke co., Mo. : on Fox r. of the 
Mississippi, 136 m. N. by E. Jefferson City. 

Chamuebsbubgii, p. v., Orange co., Ind. : at the head 
waters of Patoka cr., b'4m. S. by W. Indianapolis. 

Chambebsbubgu, p. v., Montgomery co., Ohio : on a 
branch of Miami r., 76 m. S. W. Columbus. 

CnAWBEBSBDBsu, p. V., &ud cup. Franklin co., Penn. : 
in the valley of Conecocheague r.,,a tributary of the Poto- 
mac, 44 m. S. W. Harrisburg. It is one of (he most flour- 
ishing places in the interior, has numerous manufactures, 
and considerable commerce. The Franklin R. R. extends 
hence to Hagerstown, Md., 22 m., and the Cumberland 
Valley R. R. to Uarrisburg, 56 m. ; at the latter place form- 
ing a junction with the Pennsylvania R. R., etc. Five 
weekly newspapers are published here ; the " Repository 
and Whig," the " Franklin Intelligencer" (whig), the '* Val- 
ley Sentinel" (dera.), the " Valley Spirit" (dem.), and the 
"Messenger" (religious). Pop. 4,272. 

Chambeb's Cbeek, p. o., Navarro co., 7kr. ; on a stream 
so called of Pecan cr. of Trinity r., 148 m. N. N. E. Austin 
City. 

Cuambeb's Mills, p. o., Buckingham co., Virg. : 56 ra, 
W. Richmond. 

Chambersville, p. v., Dallas co.. Ark.: 73 m. S. by W. 
Little Rock. 

CnAMBLissBtTRGH, p. V., Bedford co., Virg.: onacr. of 
the Roanoke r., 126 m. W. S. W. Richmond. 

Champ AGNOLLE, p. v., Union co., Ark. : on the S. side of 
Washita r., 93 m. S. Little Rock. 

Champaign county. III. Situate E. middle, and contains 
972 sq. m. Drained by the head streams of Sangamon, 
Kaskaskia, and Big Vermillion rivers. Surface undulating, 
wilh large prairies bordered by fine groves of timber. Soil 
excellent. Farms 273; dwell. 430, and pop.— wh. 2,647, fr. 
col. 2— toUil 2,649. Capital : JJrbana.. Public Work^:C\xi' 
cugo Branch of Illinois Central R. R. 

Champaign county, Ohio. Situate W. centrally, and 
contains 464 sq. m. Drained by the head tributaries of 
Mad r. Surface generally level or imdulating, in some 
places low and marshy. Prairie and titnber well appor- 
tioned. Soils deep and rich, producing fine grain crops. 
Farms 1,077 ; manuf. 03 ; dwell. 3,4:37, and pop. — wh. 19,272, 
fr. col. 490 — total 19.762. Capital: Crbana. Pitblic 
Works: Mad River and Lake Erie R. E. 

Champion, t. and p. v., Trumbull co., Ohio: 177in.N. E. 
Columbus. Pop. 1,090. 

Champion, t. and p. v., Jefferson CO., N. r; : on the'S. 
side of Black r., 127 m. N. W. Albany. Pop. 2 rSS. 

Cuampion South Roads, p. c, Jefferson co., J^. Y. : 127 
m. N. W. Albany. 

Chamtlain lake, A1 Y. and V^rm.: this fine sheet of 
water lies between the States of New York and Vermont, 
and penetrates a few miles beyond the line of the Uniti-d 
Suites into Canada. Its length is about 140 m., and it.>* 
width (Vom 1 mile to 10 miles. The direction <if its length 
is nf*arly N. and S., and it contains a large number of small 
islands, rnnst of which belong to Vermont From White- 
hall to Crown Point the lake is quite narrow, but at the 



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hut./r point it begins to expand, and soon becomes tlm;e 
miles wide, still increasing in width northward, nntil near 
Burlington it attains its greatest spread. Steamboats of the 
lirst class, and vessels of 100 tons navigate the lake from 
end to end, and may pass the Sorel or Eichlieu, its outlet to 
St. Johns, where steamboat navigation ceaaea. The lake is 
connected southward with the navigable waters of the Hud- 
son by means of the Champlain Canal, 63 miles long. As 
the centre of the lake is approached, a large body of water 
presents itself to view, bordered by scenery of the most 
piclaresque description. The headlands are seen to great 
advantage, and the vast range of mountains on either side 
is truly a scene of grandeur seldom witnessed. The highest 
peak of the Green Mountains, the Cam^Ps Huinp, is seen 
on the east, while the high range of mountains of Essex 
County loom boldly above the western horizon. This latter 
range of mountain peaks contains the highest land of the 
Staie of New York, and rises in some instances to the height 
of 5,000 feet and upward, the forests covering it swathed in 
clouds ; streams leap from their sides, and cascades of great 
beauty foam from their crevices. The immediate shores of 
the lake have numerous indentations and bays of singular 
beauty; flsh abound in the waters, and the angler nowhere 
else can so well enjoy the pleasures of the " gentle art" than 
here. Salmon, salmon-trout, sturgeon, pickerel, etc., of the 
finest flavor, abound through the whole length of this 
delin^htful lake. 

Cha-mplam, t and p. v., Clinton co., iK T. : the north- 
easlcmmost t. of the State, on the W. side of Lake Cham- 
plain, 153 m. N. Albany. The v. on Chazy r., is intersected 
by Uie Northern E. E., 4 m. W. of Rouse's Point. P. 5,007. 
Chaxoefoed, L and p. v., York co., Penn. : on the S. W. 
fork of the Susquehanna r., 33 m. S. S. E. Harrisburg. 

CuANcELLOESviLLE, p. V., Spottsylvania CO., rirff. ; S. of 
the Kappahannock r., 54 m. N. by W. Richmond. 

CnANCEET, p. 0., Howard co., Jnd. .- 50 m. N. Indiana- 
polis. 

CiiANCETHLE, p. V., Moumoulh CO., Jf. Jer. : 39 m. E. 
Trenton. 

Cha.vdlersville, p. v., Muskingum CO., Ohio: C2 m. E. 
by N. Columbus. 

CnAN-DLEKViLLE, p. V., Chester co., Penn. : 62 m. E. S. E. 
Harrisburg. 

CuAKNAHON, p. T., Will CO., HI. : on a tributary of lUinois 
r , 133 m. S. E. .Springlield. 

CnAxxixGviLLE, p. v., Dubuque CO., la. : 69 m. N. E. 
Iowa City. 

CnANTUXT, p. o., Lincohi co., Mo. : 76 m. N. E. Jefferson 
City. 

CHA2fTnxT, p. o., Fau-fa.x co., Tir-ff. : 92 m. N. Eieh- 
mond. 

Chapel Hill, p. v.. Orange Co., K Car. ; on New Hope 
r., a branch of Cape Fear r., 27 m. N. W. Ealeigh. The v. 
derives its chief importance from being the seat of the 
University of North Carolina. This institution was founded 
in 1739, and is well endowed. Permanent population 
about 3G0. 
CuAPEE Hill, p. v., Monmouth co., IT. Jer. 
CnAPEi Hill, p. v., MarshaU co., Teim. : on a cr. of Duck 
r., 37 m. S. by E. Nashville. 

CuAPEL Hill, p. v., Perry co., Ohio: 52 m. E. by S. 
Columbus. 

CuAPEL Hill, p. v., Washington co., Tex. : 76 m. E. 
Austin City. 

Chapel Hill, p. v.. La Fayette co., Mb. : 93 m. W. by 
N. JclTerson City. 

CiLiPELSBrEG, p. v., Cattaraugus co., ^\ Z .• 242 m. W. 
by S. Albany. 

CnApraviLLE, p. v., Ontario co., A\ T. : 172 m. W. by N. 
Albany. 

Chapisville, p. v., Litchfleld co., Conm. ; 44 m W 
Hartford. 
Chaplin, p. v., Nelson co., Jy. .■ 47 m. W. by S. Frankfort. 



CnAPLiN, t, and p. v., Windham co., Cmin. : on Natch.aug 
r., 27 m. E. by N. Hartford. Pop. 799. 

CuAPSLix. I. an.i p. o.. Union CO., Peim. : on Mahantanfo 
cr., 89 m. N. W. Harrisburg. Pop. 1,427. 

CuAPMANViLLE, p. V., Logan CO., Virg. : 246 m. W. 
Richmond. 

Chappaqfa, p. v., Westchester co., N.T.: on the line of 
the New York and Harlem Extension E. E. 97 m. S. by E. 
Albany. 

CuAppELL, p. v., Dallas CO., Arl: : 59 m. S. Little Rock. 

CiiAPTico, p. v., St. Mar>-3 co., .W. ; on the S. side of 
Chaptico cr., 47 m. S. by W. Ann.ipolis. Chaptico cr. is 
navigable to the village. 

Chaplltepec, p. v., Blount co., Ala.: 122 m. N. by W. 
Montgomery. 

Chapl-ltepec, p. v., Benton co., Tenn. : 71 m. W. Nash- 
ville. 

Chap.don, p. v., and cap. Geauga co., Okio : ISO m. N. E. 
Columbus. It is a flourishing v.. and has two newspapers, 
the '-Geauga Republican" (whig), and the "Free Demo- 
crat" (free soil), both published weekly. Pop. 1,622. 

CiiAEENTON, p. v., St. Mary's par., Za.: 54 m. 8. by W. 
Baton Rouge. 

CiiAEiTOK, p. v.. Lucas CO., la. : on the N. side of Charitim 
r., 103 m. S. W. Iowa City. 

CuAEiToN Mills, p. o., Adair eo.. Mo.: on Chariton r 
lis m. N. by W. JelTerson City. 

Chaelemost, t and p. o., Franklin co., Miss. ; on Deer- 
fleld r., 93 m. W. Boston. The Greenfield and North Adams 
E. E. wUl traverse the t. E. and W., formmg a section of the 
Troy and Boston Hue of railroads. Pop. 1,173. 

CnAELEMOKl, p. v., Bedford Co., Ttrgt. : lis m. W. by 9, 
Eichmond. 

Chaelton county. Mo. Situate centrally on N. bank of 
Missouri r.. and contains 730 sq. m. Drained by Chariton 
r., and several tributaries of Grand r. Surface level or 
undulating prairie, and soil good. Farms 659 ; manuf. 24 : 
liweU. 1,1190, and pop._wh. 6,6SS, fr. col, 48, si. 1,77S— total 
7,514. Capihd: Keytesville. 

Chaelk-S county. Mil. Situate W. shore, and contains 46li 
sq. m. Drained by a number of creeks flowing to the Pr.- 
tomac and Patuxent rivers. Surface low and sandy. Soil 
indifferent and exhausted. Tobacco is the chief product, 
but wheat, corn, etc., are grown extensively. Timber is 
various and abundant Farms 709 ; manuf. ; dwell. 1,S35, 
and pop.— wh. 5,66.-), tr. col. 913, sL 9,634— total 16,102.' 
Capital : Port Tobacco. 

CH.AELES river, R. I. : has its source in Warden's Pond, 
in S. Kingston, and empties into Pawcatuek r. at Westerly. 
Chaeles river, Ma.ts. : rises on the borders of Ilopkintcin 
and Jlilford townships, and alter a circuitous course, empties 
into Boston Harbor. It is navigable to Walertown, T m. 
above Boston. 

Chaeles Cirv county, Yirg. Situate S. E. on a penin 
sula formed by James and Chickahominy rivers, and con- 
tains 203 sq. m. Surface rolling, and soils sandy. Indian 
com, wheat, and oats 'are the principal products. Farms 
199 : manuf. 6 : dwell. 4S6, and pop.— wh. 1,664. fr. col. 772, 
si. 2.764— total 5,200. fupitoi; Charles City C. H. 

ChaSles City C. H., p. v., and cap, Charles City eo. 
Virg. : on the N. side of James r., 33 m. E. by S. Richmond 
Chaeles Eivee Village, p. v., Norfolk co., Ma.ss. : on 
Charles r., 16 m. S. W. Boston. 

Chaele-ston district, S. Car. Situate S. E. on the Atlan- 
tic, between the Sanlee and ^Vehley rivers, and contains 1,520 
sq. m. Drained by Cooper's r. and other streams. The 
surface is low and swampy, and produces abundantly rice 
and cotton, with some grain. Farms 633; manuf. 76; 
dwell. 5.218, and pop.— wh. 24,556, tr. col. 3.848, si. 44.876_" 
total 72,305. Capital: Chiir\eak>a. Public Workx : Smtee 
Canal, and South Carolina R. R. 

Charleston, p. v., Mississippi co., Mo. : 196 m. S. E. 
JelTerson City. 

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CuAitusTOS, p. v., and cap. Coles co , III. : ahmil 2 m. 
W. of Embarvas r., S2 m. X. by S. S. SprinaliL'U. The Torre 
Haute and Alton K. 11. will pass tlironp;li this villag''- 

CuABLESTON, t. and p. v., I'enobscot CO., Me. : 57 m. N. E. 
Augusta. Pop. J,2S3. 

CuAiiLKTON, t. and p. o., Kalamazoo co., Mich. : on the 
S side of Kalamazoo r., 51 m. S. "W. Laiisisg. Top. S4C. 

CuAELESros, p. v., and cap. Tallahatchie CO., Jlisa.: on 
Tillaboba cr. of Tallahatchie r., 114 ni. N. Jactson. 

Chaelesion, p. v., Lee co., la.: on the bank of the 
Mississippi r., at Uie confluence of Sugar cr., .'iD m. S. by E. 
I.)wa City, and about 6 m. S. W. Fort Madison. It is a 
jilace of some trade, and near the lino of the proposed 
Dubuque and Keokuk E. E. 

CuAKLESTON, t. and p. v., Montgomery co., y. Y. : on 
the W. side of Schoharie cr., SI m. W. Albany. Top. 2,21o. 
CUAELESTON, p. V., Tiogu CO., Jf. Y.: ru m. W. S. W. 
Albany. 

CuAKiESTOS, p. City, port of entry, and cap.. Charleston 
dist., S. Cur. : on a tongue of land formed by the meeting 
cfCwper and Ashley rivers in Charleston Harbor, 101 ni. 
S. E. Columbia Lat. 32° 40' 33" N., and long. T',i° 5.' 2. 
W. from Greenwich, or 2° 65' 5"" W. from Washington. 

The bay, or Charleston Harbor, is a large estuary, with 
an average width of 2 m.. and extends about T m. S. E. frcun 
Charleston to the Atlantic Ocean, wliieh it enters between 
Sullivan's and Morrison's islands. Cooper and Ashley 
rivers are from 30 to 40 feet deep, the former being 1,400, 
and the latter 2,100 yards wide opposite the city, and both 
are capable of accommodating the largest class of vessels. 
A sand-bar extends across the mouth of Uic harbor, but it 
has several channel entrances, the deepest of which, passing 
very close to Sullivan's Island, admits vessels drawing 16 
feet water at high tide. The harbor is open to easterly 
winds, and vessels are much exposed during slorniB from 
that qu,artcr-so much so, indeed, that they were at one 
lime pmhlbited by law from lying at the wharves from the 
last of .July to the middle of September. The f.irtilications 
protecting Charleston, are Fort Moultrie, on Sullivan's 
Island, Castle Pinckney, 2 m. below the city, and Fort 
Johnson, about 4 m. below. 

The ground upon which Charleston is built is low, only 
elevated 8 or 9 feet above the level of the harbor at high 
tide, which here rises about C feet, flowing by the city with 
a strong current, and thus contributing to the salubrity of a 
lo'cation naturally unhealthy. The city has several times 
been inundated by the waters driven up the harbor by 
violent winds, and hiis from this cause at various times suf- 
fered considerable damage. The years 1639, 1723, 1752, and 
I7'.'7 are noted in the history of the city as periods of these 
devastating occurrences. The streets are laid out rectl- 
lineaUy, running east and west, from the rivers north and 
south," forming nearly square blocks. The width of the 
streets varies from 85 to 70 feet. Most of the buildings of 
the city are of brick, and the dwellings are in general of 
elegant construction. The streets arc lined with the pride 
of India, while elegant villas, adorned with verandahs 
reaching from the ground to the tops of the houses, sur- 
rounded by green edges, and buried in the rich foliage of 
orange trees, magnolias, and palmeltoes, give an air of 
wealth and elegance to the city. Charleston is divided into 
four wards, and is governed by a mayor and 12 aldermen. 
Among the public buildings, are the City Hall, the Ex- 
cliangc, the District Court House, the jail, two arsenals, a 
theatre, the U. S. Custom House, the Halls of the College 
of Charleston, between 80 and 40 churches, several high 
schools, and buildings devoted to benevolent purjioses, as 
tlio alms-houses, the orplian asylum. The Literary and 
Philosophical Society has a flue collection of objects of nat- 
ural history, etc. : the Academy of Fine Arts possesses some 
valuable paintings, and the City Library contains about 
24,000 volumes. The College of Charleston is one of the 
most flourishing instimtions of the Southern States, and has 

no 



an effleient staff, consisting of a president and ai.x professors ; 
it was founded in 17S5, and in 1S50 had 70 students. The 
Medical College of the Slate of South Carolina was founded 
in 1833 ; in 1850 it had 8 professors and 155 students. The 
list of free school pupUs is 8U4, and the average cost of 
instruction $10 per annum ; these are valuable schools, but 
are inadequate for so large a city. There is abio a High 
School, founded in 1S39, which averages from 180 to 160 
pupils. It is endowed with $1,000 a year for 100 years by 
the council. The number of grammar schools and acade- 
mies, which are open only to pay scholars, are pretty 
numerous, and these are usually efficient inslitulions, at 
which the best classical and mathematical education can 
bo had. 

The public press of Charleston consists of four daily 
papers: the "Sun" (neutral), the "C.News" (dem.), the 
" C. Mercury" (dem.), and the " C. Courier" (neutral) : of 
the latter a tri-weekly edition is a\»o issued ; four weekly 
papers, the "Southern Literary Gazette," the "Southern 
Baptist," the "Catholic Mbcellany," and the "Southern 
Christian Advocate ;" three monthly periodicals, the " Gospel 
Messenger," the " School-Fellow" (educational), and the 
" Masonic Miscellany ;" and one bi-monthly, the " Medical 
Journal." Many of these are publications exhibiting a high 
order of talent, and have circulations beyond the locality. 
The "Medical Journal" is a work of world-wide renown, 
and hiis among its contributors the highest names among 
Southern physicians. 

The city of Charloston is one of the most ancient in tlie 
Union. Its foundations were laid in 1672. In 1677 it was 
called Oyster Point Town; in 1680 Sew Charlestown, and 
in 10S2 New Charleston. It was chartered as a city in 
17S3. At an early period of its history it attracted a consid- 
erable population from Barbadoes, and received large 
aw^essions of French Huguenots. "On the spot," says 
Bancroft, ''where opulence now crowds the wharves of 
the most prosperous mart on our Southern sea-board, among 
ancient groves that swept down the river's banks, and 
were covered with yellow jasmine which burdened the 
verdant zephyrs with its perfumes, the city was begun." 
Two centuries have nearly been completod since its founda- 
tion, and momentous have been the events and changes 
within that lapse of lime. In 1731— we have it on the 
authority of an old historian— there were 690 houses in 
Charleston, 5 handsome churches, and that out of the city 
were to be found courtly, stately buildings, noble castles, 
etc. The advantages of the location were early appreciated, 
and it soon became a place of considerable tTade. Its first 
exports were staves, lumber, furs, and peltries, rice (llrsl 
planted 1093), to which were added in 1747 indigo, in 17S2 
tobacco, and in 1790 cotton. At the present time its great 
exports are rice and cotton. Of cotton, the receipts from 
Ihe interior in 1S50 were 400,714 bales, and of sea-island, 
17.994 bales, and the exporU were 865,327 bales upland, and 
16,437 bales sea-island ; and the receipts of rice amonnted 
to 14",09il barrels, .ind the exports to 131,417 barrels. The 
foreign commerce of Charleston, however, has not pro- 
gressed equally with its coasting trade ; and many reasons 
might be assigned for this, but none so weighty as the fault 
of ite own inhabitants in preferring the employment of the 
shipping of otlicr States, and neglecting its own facilities for 
ship-building. It has consequently become a tributary to 
Northern ports, and instead of reaping the beneflls of a 
foreign navigation of its own, has been constantly heaping 
iiptlie coffers of its Northern neighbors, Atpresent, indeed, 
the great hulk of its staples are carried coastwise to New 
York, and thence shipped to foreign countries. In the year 
lSW-50, ending 30tli June, the clearances to foreign port.« 
amounted only to 861 vessels (121,867 tons), and its direct 
entrances to OTily 303 vessels (96,619 tons), a proportion 
quite inadequate for the transportation of so largo a com- 
mereial material as that supplied from the back country, of 
which the port is tho only outlet. The registered shippin 



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of tJie piirt at this periwl consisted of 16,377 Ions, and the 
shipping fmplojod in the consting trade, of 17,910 tons 
Tlie coastwise trade of Charleston in comparison Willi tliis is 
immensely greater. In 1S4S the arrivals were m steanislitps, 
22>s ships, 11)8 brigs, 89S schooners, 8 sloops, and 730 steam- 
boats; and the clearances were 6t steamships. ICS ships, 
li7 brigs, 309 schooners, 7 sloops, and 731 steamboal.s. At 
the same period, and of the above amount, the following 
were regidar packets plying between Charleston and other 
ports of tlio Union : Boston, 6 vessels (1,371 tons) ; New 
York, 28 vessels (11,027 tons) ; Philadelphia, K vessels 
(2.!i.i0 tons) ; rrovidcnec, 2 vessels (346 tons) ; Baltimore, 6 
vessels (GOil tons); 'WUnnngton, 4 vessels (l,.5S8 tons); 
Savannah, 4 vessels (1.070 tons); and New Orleans, 7 ves- 
sels (1,627 tons); the remainder being made, up of transient 
traders. Of this number. 6 were steamships, 11 ships, 9 
barks, 24 brigs, 1 ketch, 26 .seliooners, and 8 steamboats. 
There are also engaged in the [)ilotage of the bar, IS fidl 
branch pilots and S second branch pilots, employing 9 pilot 
boats, with an aggregate of about 400 tons. 

There is at Charleston a Floating Dry Dock — one of the 
best of its kind in the llnion ; it is the balance dock of Gil- 
bert, and w.'is built in 1S45 by .James Marsh. Its length is 
160 feet, its width 52 feet, and its depth 20 feet, and its ca- 
pacity 1.500 tons. The operations of the dock are perform- 
ed by a steam-engine. 

The South Carolina R. E. is the great conduit of the 
commerce of Charleston to and from the interior. It ex- 
tends from Charleston to Augusta, 136 miles, and has nu- 
merous connections (feeders), westward and northward, 
through which an immense amount of merchandise is 
carried to and fro. It has also the advantages of a canal 
22 miles long, which connects the harbor with the Santee 
river, and by means of the railroads now building, it will 
have access to the Mississippi and Ohio rivers. Already its 
railroad facilities extend from Charleston to Nashville, 
Tenn., 693 miics, and to Montgomery, Ala., 4S2 miles. 

Charleston has seven banks, with an aggregate capital 
of J9,500,000, and live insurance companies, with capitals 
in the aggregate amounting to *4,600,000 ; also a provident 
institution for savings. The Bank of the State of South 
Carolina is the fiscal agent of the State, and holds, besides 
its capital of 1(1,123,367, the deposits of the State funds. 

The population of Charleston in 1790 was 16.859 ; in 1300, 
18,711 ; in 1310, 24,711 ; in 1S20, M,7S0 ; in 1880, :50,2S9 ; in 
1S40, 29,261, and 1850, 42,985. This is exclusive of St. 
riiilip's parish, or the neck, which is, however, virtually a 
part of Charleston, and contains .about 16,000 inhabitants. 

CnABi-ESTOx, p. v., Bradley CO., Tenn. : on the S. side of 
(lie lliwassee r., 123 m. E. S. E. Nashville. The East Ten- 
nessee and Georgia R. E. passes the v. 40 n). from Dalton. 
CuAULESToN FouE Con.vEP.8, p. 0., Montgomery co., M 
y. : 82 m. W. by N. Albany. 

CnAr.i.T-STowN, p. v., Franklin co., Ar/c. : on Arkansas r., 
lOS m. W. N. W. Little Eock. 

Ciiahlestown, t. and p. c.. Jiiddlesex co., Mim. .- on a 
peninsula between Charles and Mjstie rivers, and connected 
with Boston, etc, by bridges. The c. contains the M.assa- 
chusetts State Prison, situated on Prison Point, the U.S. 
Navy Yard, etc. Breed's Hill, where the note<I battle was 
ftinght, 17th June, 1776, lies immediately b<.hind the v., and 
this great event is commemorated by a granite obelisk 
iliunkev Hill Monument). The t. has considerable manu- 
factures, trade, and commerce; and a newspaper, the 
'• Bunker Kill Auror.a," is here published weeklv. Cbarles- 
lown may be considered as a portion of the metropolitan 
district, of which Boston is the centre. I'op. 17,216. 

CirAELESTOwN, p. V., Cccil CO., Mfl. : on the W. side of 
Konli-E.-ist r., 5 m. from Chesapeake Bay, and 49 m. N. E 
Annapolis. The Philadelphia. Wilmington, and Baltimore 
E. E. passes near the v.. 57 m. from Philadelphia, and n m. 
from Baltimore. 
Oharlesiowk, p. v., and cap. Clarke co., /bA.- on the 



E. ..ide of Pleasant Eun of Silver cr., 3 „,. from the Ohio r , 
and 92 m. S. S. E. Indianapolis. 

Ci.AKu-STOWN, t. and p. v., Sullivan co,, A: l/mnp.: on 
the E. side of Conneetieut r., 45 m. W. Concord. A bridge 
connects this t._wilh Spriiign.-ld, I>,.;»., and the Sulliv°n 
li. R. intersects the v. S m. from Bellows l^alls. Pop. ] 676 
CuAni.RSTowx, 1). v., c:alumet co.. I17.w. .• ss in. X. N. E 
Madison. 

Cmaiit.estotvn-, t. and p. v., Pnrlage co., /};,!„. -on the 
N. side or the W. branch of Mahoning r., 154 m. N E 
Columbus. Pop. 8 '9. 

CuAiiLESTowK, t. and p. v., Wasliiuglon co., 1?. I. : on 
Charles r. of the Pawcatuck r., ;!7 m. S. S. \V. Providence 
Pop. 994. 

CllAai.EsTOwx, p. y.. and c.-qi. .Jefferson CO., Virg. : on the 
line of the Winchester and Potomac E. E., 10 m. tV..in 
Harper's Ferry, and 122 m. N. Eichmond. 

CuABT.Evoix counl.v, J/ich. Situate N. W. of Lower 
Peninsida. on Little Traverse Bay, and contains 634 so ra 
Erected since 1S50. 

CiiAKLOE, p. V-., Paulding eo., Oliio : 143 m. K. W. 
Columbus. , 

CiiARi.oTnv county. r!r[i. Situate S. middle, and con- 
tains 0(0 sq. m. Drained by Itoaiioke r. and its tributaries. 
Surface level, and soils fertile, produi'ing wheat, Indian 
corn, oats, and tobacco. Farms 563; manuf. 6; dwell. 90.3, 
and pop._wh. 4,605, fr. col. 302, si. S,9SS— total 18,956' 
Capitiil: Charlotte C. II. 

CnAi!LOTTi!. t. and p. o.. Washington eo.. .Vf. : 131 m. 
E. N. E. Augusta. Pop. 718. 

CiiARLon-E, p. v., and cap. Eaton co., MM,. : on the N. 
side of Battle cr. of the Kalamazoo r., and 18 m. 8. Vf. 
Lansing. 

Charlotte, p. v., and cap. Mccklenburgh co., Al Car.: 
between Sugar and Little Sugar creeks of Catawba r., ll's 
ni.W. S.W. Ealeigh. East of Charlotte there are rich gold 
mines, and at tlie v. a branch mint has long been established 
for its coinage. The Charlotte and South Carolina E. E. 
has its N. terminus at this point, and hence the E. E. will 
be continued N. to Danville. Virff. Two newspapers are . 
published weekly, the "Charlotte .Tournal" (whig), and the 
" Ilornefs Nest" (deni.) ! Pop. about 1,800. 

CnARLoTTE, p. v., Mouroc CO., A': Y. : on the TV. bank 
of Genesee r. at its mouth, 7 m. N. Eochester, and 194 m. 
W. by N. Albany. (Sometimes called Port Gene.tee.) It 
has a convenient landing for steamboats navigating the r. 
and lake, and has rcgularsteam communication with Cana- 
da and the principal lake ports. 

CnAMoTTE, t. and p. v.. Chittenden eo.. Verm. : on the 
E. side of Lake Champlaiu, 31 m. N. W. Monlpelier. The 
Eulland and Burlington E. E. passes through the v. 11 m. 
from Burlington, and Inft ft-nm Bellow's Falls. It is one of 
the best farming t. in the State. Pop. 1,6.34. 

CllABLOTTE, ]>. v., and cap. Charlotte co., Tirg. : 72 m. 
W. S. W. Eichmond. It contains the co. buildings, and 
has several mechanic shops. Pop. about 600. 

CiiAUi.oTTE, p. v., and cap. Dickson co., Tenn.: .38m."W. 
Nashville. The Nashville and Mississippi E. E. will pass 
through the village. 

CitAKLOTTK Centre, p. o., Chautauque en., K. T. : on a 
branch ofConcwango er., 298 m. W. by S. Albany 

CuARLOTTE IIai.l, p. V.. St. Mary's co., Md. : at the head 
of Cool Springs er., 89 m. S. S. E. Annapolis. A noted 
college so called is located here; in 13.50 it had 63 students. 
The V. has about 120 permanent inhabitants. 

CiiAiELOTTEBviLLE, p. V.. Ilaucock CO., Iiul. : on the E. 
side of a branch of Blue r., 29 m. E. Indianapolis. The 
Central Indiana E. E. passes through the villa-^e. 

CHARLOTTrsviEEE, p. V., and cap. Albemarle Co.. Yir(i. : 
on Moore's cr. of Eivanna r., 63 m. N. W. Eichmond. It 
derives its chief importance from being the site of the 
University of Virginia, whieh has a fine obsen-atorv, and is 
a most clllcient institution. Three newspapers are pub- 

U7 



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listed in the v., the "Virginia Advocate" (whig), the 
" Jeffcrsonian Ecpublican" (dera.), and the '■ Jefferson 
Monument'' (lit), all weekly. Pop. about 1,400. 

CuAELOTTEviLLE, p. V., Schohurte CO., -V. T. : 42 m. W. 
by S.Albany. Pop. 2,015. 

Charlton, t and p. c, Worcester co., Mass. : 49 m. "W. 
by S. Boston. 

Charlton, t. and p. v., Saratoga co., K. Y. : on Aelplass 
cr. of Mohawk r., 21 m. N. W. Albany. Pop. 1,902, 

Charlton Dep6t, p. o., ■Worcester co., Mass. : on the 
Western li. E., 5" m. from Boston. 

Chaktikes river, Penn. : a small tributarj' of the Oliio r., 
which it joins 4 m. below Pittsburg. It runs through the 
bituminous coal region of Washington co. 

Chaetiebs, t. and p. o., Washington co., Penn. : on the 
N. side Chartier's cr., 137 m. W. by S. Ilarrisburg. There 
is abundance of coal in this locality, and on the cr. are a 
large number of saw and grist mills. 

Chaseville, p. v., Murray co., Ga. : 163 m. N. W. 
Milledgeville. 

Chaseville, p. v., Eenlon co., Tenn. : on the W. side of 
Tennessee r., G^ m. W. Nashville. 

Chatatt, p. v., Bradley co., Tenn.: 131 m. E. S. E. 
Nash>'ille. 

CnATEArGAT, t. and p. v., Franklin co., 2^. Y. : on the 
head tributaries of Chatoaugay r., 157 m. N. by W. Albany. 
The village lies on the Northern R. li., 45 m. from Itoiwc's 
Point, and 73 from Ogdensburg. Pop. 3,C9fJ. 

Chateaugay lake, N. Y.: this small lake, which is 4 m. 
long, and about 2 ra. wide, lies in Eeekmantown, in Clinton 
00. It abounds in fish, and has many scenes of beauty in 
itaimmedioto neighborhood. Its surface is elevated 1,400 
feet above the tide waters of Hudson r. 

Chateaugay mountains. X. Y. : a range of hills com- 
mencing in Canada, and extending southward through the 
north-west part of Clinton into Franklin county. Some of 
the highest peaks are in Franklin, near Chateaugay Lake. 

Chateaugay river, iV". Y. : a stream flowing nortliward 
from Chateaugay Mountains into Canada, where it empties 
into the St. Lawrence Bivcr. 

CuATTiELD, t. and p. v., Crawford co., Ohio : 84 m. N. 
Columbus. Pop. 1,356. 

Chatham county, Ga. Situate S. E. on the Atlantic, be- 
tween Savannah and Ogeechee rivers, and contains 420 sq. 
m. Surface very low, 8c:arcely above sea level — near the 
coast broken into islands by numerous inlets and canaK 
The chief products arc rice and cotton. Farms 132 ; manuf. 
13 ; dweU. 1,915, and pop.— wh. 9,161, fr. col. T22, sJ. 14.018 
— total 23,901. Capital: Savannah. Puhlic Works :Ctn- 
tral Georgia R. R, 

Chatham county, K Car, Situate centrally, and eon- 
tains 858 sq. m. Drained by Ilitw r. and its tributaries. 
Surface elevated and varied. Soils clayey, and productive 
in wheat, corn, cotton, and tobacco. Farms 1,633 ; manuf. 
48; dwell. 2,210, and pop.— wh. 12,104, fr. col. SOU, si. 5,9h5 
—totall 8,449. Capital: Pittsboro. 

Chatham, p. v., Sangamon co.. Til. : near the line of the 
Alton and Sangamon R. R., 24 m. S. S. W. Springfield. 

Chatham, t. and p. v., Barnstable co., Mass. : on Ihe S. E. 
point of Cape Cod. 73 m. S. E. Boston. It has a good har- 
bor, and an extensive coasting trade and fisheries. Salt is 
also manufactured. Pop. 2.467. 

Chatham, t.. Middlesex co., Conn.: on the Connecticut 
r., opposite Middletown, 16 m. S. Hartford. It has consider- 
able manufactures. Pop. 1..531. 

Chatham, t. and p. v., Columbia eo., ii^ Y.: on Kinder- 
hook cr., 16 m. S. E. Albany. Chatham Four Cori^-rs, a 
village in the S. part of the town, is an important point, 
where several lines of K. R. intersect or form a union. 
Pop. 3.839. 

CnATKAM, I. and p. v., Morris co.. N". tTsr. : on the Pas- 
saic r.. 89 m. N. N. E. Trenton. The river passes through 
the village. Pop. 2,469. 
118 



Chatham, p. v., Chester co., Penn.: 63 m. E. S. E. 
Harrisburg. 

Chatham, p. v.. Licking co., Ohw: near the N. fork, of 
Licking r., 39 m. E. X. E. Columbus. 

Chatham Centre, p. v., Columbia co., JV. Y. : on the 
line of the Western R. II., 20 m. S. E. Albany. 

Chatham Centre, p. v., Medina co., Ohio: on the E. 
branch of Black r., 113 m. N. N. E. Columbus. ' 

Chatham Fofk Corners, p. v., Columbia co., N. Y. : on 
the S. part of the town of Chatham, 2:1 m. S. E. Albany. 
It is a \TlIage of great importance, being the point of in- 
tersection of the Albany and West . Stockbridgo R. K. 
(western), the Hudson and Berkshire R. R., and the Harlem 
Extension E. R., etc. 

Chatham U;ll, p. o., Smyth co., Virg. : 223 m. W. by S. 
Richmond. 

Chatham Run, p. c, Clinton co., Penn. : 71 m. N. W. by 
N. Ilarrisburg. 

Chatham Valley, p. o.,Ti<^a co., Penn. : 117 m. N. N. W. 
Harrisburg. 

Chattajioochee, p. v., Gadsden co., Flor. : on the E. 
side of Appalacbicola r., immediately below the imion of 
Chattahoochee and Flint rivers. 

Chattahoochee river, Ga. and Ala. : it has its rise in 
the Appalachee Mountains, and for a great part of its course 
forms the boundary line between Georgia and Alabama, 
forming ultimately the largest constituent of the Appalacbi- 
cola r. Steamboats ascend it to Columbus, and boating is 
carried much farther up. 

Chattanooga, p. v., Hamilton co., Tenn. : on the S. bank 
of Tennessee r., 113 m. E. S. E. Nashville. At this point 
tire Nashville and Chattanooga R. R. forms a junction with 
the Western and Atlantic R. R., lol m. from Nashville, and 
311 from Augusta. A railroad is also in progress from 
hence to Charleston, on the East Tennessee and Georgia 
R. R. This point, indeed, is destined to Wcome the entre- 
pot of an inmensc inland commerce, reaching to the At- 
lantic sea-board on the one iKind and beyond the Missis- 
sippi and Ohio on the other. Two newspapers are pub- 
lished weekly, the " C. Gazette" (whig), and the "C. Ad- 
vertiser" (dem.) Pop. about 3,000. 

Chattooga county, Ga. Situate N. W., and contains 
420 sq. m. Drained by Chattooga r., a branch of Coosa r. 
Surface elevated, hilly, and rugged, and the soils generally 
indifferent — on the streams fertile. Wheat, corn, and cotton 
arc the chief products. Farms 419 ; manuf. 10 ; dwell. 809, 
and pop.— wh. 5,131, fr. col. 4, si. 1,6S0— total C,S15. Capi- 
tal: Summerville. 

Ghattoogaville, p. v., Chattooga co., Ga. : 14? m. N. W. 
Milledgeville. 

Chaitmont, p. V,, Jefferson co., Al Y. : at the head of 
Chaumont Bay, 149 m. N. W. Albany. It has unrivaled 
w;it(T-power and great facilities for lalic commerce, it* har- 
bor being spacious and of easy access. It is also celebrated 
for its fisheries and ft)r the quantity of blue limestone found 
in its vicinity. The Cape Vincent R. B. passes througli the 
village. SO m. iVom Rome. Pop. about 400. 

CuAxT-MONT bay, K. Y.:ix fine open bay near the outlet 
of Lake Ontario. It is of an irregular shape, about 7 m. 
long and 2 m. wide, and receives Clummont r. The fish- 
erics of till- bay are very valuable, and it abounds in all the 
deseriplions lound in the lake of which it is an arm. 

Chaitmont river, N. Y.: this stream rises in Jefferson 
County, and flows almost directly south, to its confluence 
with Chauninnt Buy. It is only 15 or 16 m. in length, but 
affords abundance of hydraulic power. 

Chauncev, p. v., Athens co., Ohio : on the N. side of 
Hocking r. and canal. 76 m. S. E. Columbus. 

Chautauque county, K. Y. Situ.ite S. W. on Lake Erie, 
and contains l.olT scj. m. Drained by Chautauque Lake, 
anil a large number of streams flowing to Alleghany r. An 
elevated ridge traverses the county 4 or 5 m. distant from 
Lake Eric, forming the watershed. Surface finely varied. 



CHA 



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und Ihe soils, even to the hill-tops, open to cultivation. Hog 
iron, copperas, alum, marl, etc, abound, ami there are 
suipour springs and a hydrogen spring, which at Fredonia, 
■\VestfieId, and Van Buren Harbor, are used to illuminate — 
the gas burning equal to coal gas. Farms 5,163; manuf. 
510 ; dwell. 9.074, and pop.— wh. 50,353, fr. col. 135— total 
50.493. Cajntal: Mayville. PuhUc TrorA*^.' New York 
and Krie E. II., and Buffalo and State Line R. II. 

CuAUTAFQUE Vai.ley, p. o., Alleghany co., JV. }'. .- 213 
m. W. S. W. Albany. 

Chautauquk lake, K K; a most beautiful sheet of water 
in the county of tlie same name. It is IS ni. in length, 
and varies in breadth from 1 to 3 m., except near tlic mid- 
dle, where it contracts to a few rods in width. It empties 
into Conewango cr. Its elevation is T26 feet above the sur- 
face of Lake Erie, and 1,291 above the ocean, being the 
most elevated lake in the Union on which steamboats ply. 

Chautauque river, iV' 1'. ; a tributary of Lake Erie, 
from the county of the same name. It flows through a 
deep ravine, and in its course furnishes excellent mill sites 

CuAZT, t and p. v., Clinton co., A^ Y. : on Chazy r.. 146 
m. N. Albany. The village is situate about 3 ni. W. of 
Lake Champlain, on which is also a village called Chazy 
Landing. Pop. 4,324. 

Cheap Vai-leYj p, o., Henry co., Tenn. : S9 ra. W. by N. 
Nashville, 

Cheat Brtoge, p. o., Preston co., Tirg. : on Cheat r., 
1S2 m. N. W. Eiehmond. 

CuEAT river, Virff, : a large tributary of Monongahela r., 
from the mountain region of Eandolph eo. 

Cheboygan county, Mich. Situate N. of Lower Penin- 
sula, and contains 324 sq. m. Erected since 1850. 

Cheuotgan river, Mich. : the largest stream in the N. 
part of the peninsula. It rises N. W. of Saginaw Bay, 
flows in a N. direction, and empties into the strails of 
Mackinac, opposite Bois Blanc Island. There are numer- 
rous salt springs 12 or 15 m. from its mouth. 

Cheokebed House, p. o., Oswego co., K 1'. (now 
Kasoag). 

Checksvixle, p. T., Marion co., Toim. : on the W. side 
of Sequatchy r., 94 m. S. E. Nashville. 

Cuecktowaga, p. v., Erie co., A'. Y. : 246 m. "W. Albany. 

Cheesequakes, p. 0., Middlesex co., A'". Jer. : 34 m. N. E. 
Trenton. 

Chehalem, p. o., Tam Hill co., Of-eff. Tei: : on a r. of 
the same name, 23 m. N. by W. Salem. 

Chehalem river, Oreg. : a large r. from the E., formed 
by the union of the Skukumcbuck and Newaukum rivers, 
and falling into Gray's Harbor. 

CuELsiSFORD, t. and p. v., Middlesex co., Mass. : on the 
S. side o? Merrimac r., 24 m. N. W. Boston. The town 
abounds in granite and limestone, and has several manu- 
factures, among which are those of glass and iron. The 
Middlesex Canal passes through the town, and it has sev- 
eral railroads on its borders, connecting it wilh the towns 
on all sides. Lowell was taken from Chelmsford in 1S24. 
Pop. 2,093. 

Chei-sea, p. v.. Mill CO., HI. : 143 m. N. E. Springfield. 

Chelsea, p. v., 'Washtenaw co., Mich.: 52 m. S. E. 
Lansing. 

Chelsea, t and p. v., Suffolk co., MufiS. : 3 m. N. E. 
Boston. The Eastern K. E. passes through the town. It 
may 4ie considered as a part of the Boston metropolitan 
district It has considerable manufactures, and is on the 
whole a busy place. Chelsea has two newspapers, the 
"Telegraph" (whig), and the " Pioneer"— both published 
weekly. Pop. 6,701- in 1^40 it ha<l only a pop. of 2,390. 

Chelsea, t., p. v., and cap. Orange co., Venn. : on a branch 
of White r., 22 m. S. by E. Montpelier. The village con- 
tiinfl the county buildings and about SO dwellings. Fop. 
1,9.'>S. 

CiiEMusG county, Xi Y, Situate S. "W. middle, and con- 
tains 538 sq. m. Drained chiefly by Chemung r. and ita 



tributary streams. Surface broken, hilly, and well timbered, 
with large river flats. Soils very productive. Farms 2,1T0; 
manuf. 321 ; dwell. 5.095. and pop.— wh. 23,.5o7, fr. col. 2S4 
—total 2S,b21. Cojntal : Ehuird. Public Moris: Che-* 
mung Canal; New York and Erie E. E. ; Elmira and 
Williamsi)ort E. E., etc. 

CnEMU.NG, p. v., M'llenry co., ///. .■ on the E. side of 
Piskashaw cr., 1S6 m. N. N. E. Springfield. 

Che.muxg. t. and p. v., Chemung co.. A". Y.: on the N. 
side of the Chemung r., 14:3 m. W. 8. W. Albany. Tli*,' New 
York and Erie E.E. intersects the village 270 m. from New 
York and 199 from Dunkirk. Pop. 2,6T2. 

Chemung river. A". Y. : formed by the junction of Coa^ 
chocton and Tioga rivers, in Steuben county, whence it 
flows in a S. E. direction through Chemung county and 
into the State of Pennsylvania, where it empties mto the 
Susquehanna .it the village of Athens. Its whole length i3 
about 40 m., .ind in high flood its volume is sufBcieut to 
float down timber and produce to market. It is also used 
as the main feeder of the Chemung Canal. 

Chesaxgo county, N. Y. Situate W. centrally, and con- 
tains 792 ^q. m. Drained by Chenango and Uuadiila 
rivers and their tributary streams. Surface broken and 
hilly, but there are extensive and rich valleys, productive 
of all kinds of gr.iiu. Farms 4,406; manuf. 561; dwell. 
7,572, and pop.— wh. 40,(i51, fr. col. 2 SO— total 40,311. C<ip' 
ifal : Norwich. PuhUc Work-'i : Chenango Canal, and 
TJUca and Binghampton E. E. (projected). 

Chenango, t. ami p. o., Lawrence co., Pemi.: on the 
N. E. side of Beaver r., 193 m, "W. by N. Ilarrisburg. Pop. 
1,622. 

Cubnango FonKS, p. v., Broome co., Al Y. : at tho 
junction of the Chenango and Tioughnioga rivers, and on 
tho line of the Chenango Canal, lOS ni. W. S. W. Albany, 
It has considerable advantages for internal trade, etc. Pop. 
about 400. Pop. of Chenango t. 8,734. 

Chena.ngo river, A''. Y.: an important tributary of the 
Susquehanna r., which it joins at Binghampton, in Broomo 
County, Its course is from Madison and Oneida counties, 
through Chenango and Broome counties for about 75 m., 
and upon its banks are many flourishing villages. This 
river is navigable for boats and rafld 50 m. above its mouth, 
and is used to a considerable extent to feed the Chanango 
Canal, which runs nearly parallel with it through its whole 
course. 

CnEN-ET*s Grove, p. o., M-Lean co.. lU.: on a hea.i 
stream of the N. fork of Sangamon r., 72 m. N. E. Spring- 
field. 

Chenetttlle, p. v., Eapidcs par., La. : on the S. side of 
Bayou Teche, SI m. N. "W. Baton Eouge. 

Cheningo, p. v., Cortland co., N. Y. : 114 m. "W. by S. 
Albany. 

CHENtrnA, p. v., Lee co., Ga. : 117 m. S. W. Milledgeville. 

Cheohee (Keowee), p. v., Pieken's dist., S. Car. : on a r. 
so called, 127 m. N. W. Columbia, 

Chkpachet, p. v.. Providence co., 7?. Z ; on the r. so 
called, 14 m. "VV. by N. Providence. 

CuEQinsT. p. 0., Davis co., Ta. : on Chcquist cr. of Des 
Moines r., 71 m. S. W. Iowa City. 

Cuekaw, p. v., Chesterfield dist.,-?. Car.: on the W. side 
of Croat Pedce r., S9 m. N. E. Columbia. The r. is navi- 
gable to this point, .and a great trade in cotton centres here. 
The '' C. Gazette" (dem.) is issued weekly. Pop. 1,350. 

Cheuokee county, Aht. Situate N. E., near State line, 
and contains 756 sq. m. Drained by Coosa r. and its trilm- 
t,aries. Surface generally uneven and rough- in the W. 
hilly or mountainous. Gold is found at the base of the 
mountains. The soils are difficult of culture, and in sev- 
eral parts sterile. Corn and cotton are the staple growths. 
Farms 1.126; manuf. 15; dwell. 2,039, and pop.— wh. 12,170, 
ft", col. 23. si. 1,691— total 13,S?4. Capital: Jefferson. 

Cherokee county, G<i. Situate N. "W. centrally, and 
contains 523 sq. m. Drained by Etowah r. and iL^ creeks. 

119 



CUE 



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Surface oli^vateti, hilly, and broken. Soils iiiiiifTereiit, t-xct-'jit 
ou the rivers, where they are very prodiielive. AVhealainl 
Indian corn are largely grown — collon in small quanlities. 
* Farms 1,000; nianuf.5; dwell. 1,970, and pop.— wh. 11,62IJ, 
fr. col. U, si. 1,157— total 1'2,S00. CnpiUtl : Canton. 

C-nEROKEE county, la. Situate AV., and contains 576 sq. 
m. Taken from Poltowattoraee in 1S51. 

Cherokee county, jV! Car. Situate 9. 'W. comer, and 
contains 1,200 sq. ra. Drained by the head waters of Hiwas- 
see and Tennessee rivers. Surface elevated and hilly — on 
the N.W. and E. mountainous. Iron, goUl, lead, and silver, 
also marbles of various hues and textures aro found here. 
Soils excellent — on the hills producing fine grasses, and 
near the streams the several grains. Farms 459: manuf. 
6 ; dwell. 1,020, and pop.— wh. 0,493, fr. col. S, si. 337— total 
6,S3S. Capital: Murphey. 

Cheeoeee county, 7kp. Situate E. centrally between 
Neches and Angelina rivers, and contains about 740 sq. 
m. Drained by numerous tributaries of the border streams. 
Surface elevated, with a watershed running transversely 
N.W. and S. E. through the N. part of the county. Prairie 
predominates, but timber lines all the rivers. Farms 454; 
manuC 8 ; dwell. 691, and pop. — wh. &,3S9, fr. col. 1, si. 
1,283— total 6,GT3. Capit^al : Eusk. 

Cherokee Natiok, Jnd. Ter. Situate between lat. 86° 10' 
and 8(0 02' N., and extending from the Arkansas boundary 
to lon^. lOOO W., or about Ave degrees, and containing 
about 16,000 sq. m. It is a fine agricultural country, pro- 
ducing in abundance all the necessaries of subsistence, and 
is well watered by the Arkansas River and its numerous 
and wide-spreading arms. The Cherokees number about 
2S,000 souls, and are, perhaps, more advanced in civilization 
than any others of the immigrant tribes. Tbey have large 
cultivated settlements, comfortable houses, numerous herds 
of cattle and sheep, and many fine horses, for which their 
extensive prairies afford an ample subsistanee. They also 
manufacture ealt from brine springs which exist extensively 
in their country, and to a considerable extent manufacture 
their own clothing and such agricultural implements, etc., 
as their necessities demand. They have of late years 
exported much of Iheir surplus products, bringing it down 
the rivers to New Orleans. The government of the Chero- 
kees is based on a written constitution, and is republican in 
form. They have an elective chief or governor, a general 
council, elected annually, and consisting of an upper an<i 
lower house, similar to the Senate and House of Represent- 
atives of the United Slates, and a judiciary, observing all 
the legal forms prescribed by the legislature. In fact, all 
the operations of the government are similar to those of 
other enlightened communities. They have adopted the 
English language to a great extent, and in their dress follow 
the fashions of Paris and New York. The United States 
supplies them with blacksmiths, wheelwrights, and wagon- 
makers, to teach them those useful mechanic trades ; and 
they also receive a large annuity from the General Govern- 
ment on account of their lands east of the Mississippi River. 
Numerous missionaries arc settled among them, and have 
been very successful in their endeavors to civilize and 
Christianize them ; and their schools and churches are such 
as any enlightened nation might be proud of— more effi- 
cient, indeed, than several of the States of our Union can 
boast of; and their public press is not inferior to that of 
Arkansas either in talent or respectability. 

Cherokee Ueights, p.o., Abbeville dist., S. Car.: 97 m. 
W. Columbia. 

Cherokee Iron Works, p. o., York dist., & Car. : S2 
m. N. Columbia. 

Cherry, t. and p. c, Sullivan co., Penn. : 91 m. N.N. E. 
Harrisburg. 

Cherry Creek, t. and p. t., Chautauque co., y. Y. : on 
Conewango cr., 208 m. "W. by S. Albany. 

Cheery Creek, p. o., Pontotoc co., Mi^s. : 146 m. N. N. E. 
Jackson. 

120 



CiiEKRY Flat, p. o., Rutherford c<)., 'J'tsjin.: 09 m. S. B- 
Nashville. 

Cheruy Flats, p. o., Tioga co., I'enn. : 107 m. N. by W. 
Harrisburg. 

Cni!RRY Grove, p. o., Schuyler co., Mo.: on the S. side 
of Middle Fabius cr., 1^30 m. N. JelTcrson Cily. 

Cherry Grove, p. o., Carroll co., 111. : on the Galena and 
Dixon turnpike. 162 m. K. by W. Springfield. 

Chf-rrv UiLL. p. o., Brooke co., Virg.: 253 m. N. W. 
Richmond. 

Cherry ITill, p. v., Cecil co., Md. : on the W. gido of 
North-East r., 4 m. N. of Elkton, and 57 N. E. Annapolis. 
It h.13 a Methodist church, a school-house, 2 or 3 stores, 22 
dwellings, and about 100 inhabitants. Tlie neighborhood 
is tliickly settled, and within a circuit of 2 miles there are 5 
paper mills, 4 grist mills, a rolling mill, and 2 cotton facto- 
ries, one of which employs 100 handa;. 

Cherry Hill, p. o., Washington co., Whc. 

Cherry Hill, p. o., Chickasaw co., MUb, : 12S m. N. E. 
Jackson. 

Ciierhy Hill, p. o., Erie co., Peim. : 203 m. W. N. W. 
Harrisburg. 

Cherry Lake, p. o., Madison co., Flor. : 54 m. E. by N. 
Tallahassee. 

Cherry Miluj, p. o., Sullivan co., Penn. : 92 m. N. N. E. 
Harrisburg. 

Cheery Ridge, p. o., "Wayne co., Penn.: 123 m. N. E. 
Harrisburg. 

Cheery Ridge, p. o., Union par., La. : 194 m. N. "W. by 
N. Baton Rouge. 

CiiEEitY Stone (formerly Huntisgton), p. v., Northamp- 
ton CO., Virg. 

Cheeey Tree, L and p. c, Yenango co., Penn. : 187 m. 
"W. N. AV. Harrisburg. 

Cheery Yalley, t and p. v., Otsego co., N. Y.: on 
Cherry Valley cr. of Susquehanna r., 83 ra. W. Albany. 
There is published in the v. the '• C. Y. Gazette," a weekly 
newspaper. The Great Western Turnpike passes through 
the t., 54 m. from Albany. Pop. 4,200. 

Cherry Yalley, p. o., Boone co., PI. : on the W. sido 
of Beaver cr. of Kishwaukee r., 163 m. N. by E. Spring- 
field. The Galena and Chicago Union R. E. intersects the 
V. >-5 m. from Chicago. 

Cherry Valley, p. o., 'Wilson co., Tenn. : 41 m. E. 
Nashville. 

Cherry Valley, t and p. o., Ashtabula co.. Ohio: on 
Pymatuning cr. 197 m. N. E. Columbus. Pop. b39. 

Cherryville, p. v., Northampton co., Penn. : 91 m. 
E. N. E. Harrisburg. 

CnERnvviLLB, p. v., Haywood co., Tenn. : px\ tho S. 
branch of Forked Deer cr. of the Mississippi, 132 m. W. by 
S. Nashville. 

Cherryville, p. v., Hunterdon co., y. Jer. : 39 m. N. by 
W. Trenton. 

Chesapeake, p. v., Lawrence co., Mo. : 137 m. S. W. 
Jefferson City. 

Chesapeake City, p. v., Cecil co., Md. : at the conflu- 
ence of Broad cr. and Back cr. of Elk r.. 51 ra. N. E. Annap- 
olis. The Cliesapcake and Delaware Canal has its W. 
terminus at this point. 

CfiESAPEAKE bay, Md. and Virg. : is the largest arm of 
the sea within the limits of the TTnion. Its entrance is 
between Cape Charles and Cape Henry, in Virginia, 12 ra. 
apart, and it extends inland 27ii ra., dividing Maryland into 
two unequal parts (ami the lower part of the peninsula from 
the main binly of Virginia). It is from 7 to 20 m. broad, 
and generally :ls much as 9 fathoms deep. This great bay 
affords many commodious harbors, and a safe and easy 
navigation. Numerous fine rivers empty into it — the Sus- 
quehanna, at its norib-^rn termination, and the Potomac 
and .Tames on its AV. side ; and besides these, it receives the 
waters of the Rappahannock, the Patuxent, the Patapsco, 
the Cheater, the Elk, the Choptank, the Nanticoke, and 



CHE 



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numerous othefs. The area drained by these. Us trilmla- 
ries. has been estimateil at 72,000 sq. m. Baltimore is Uie 
cliief commercial city within its circuit, but there are many 
others of minor importance which depend upon its waters 
for an outlet to the ocean. The fisheries of the Chesapeake 
are of immense value to the inhabitants of its shores. 

CiresHBR's Stoke, p. c, Anderson co., Ky.: 16 m. S. W. 
Frankfort. 

CuEsniRE county, A' Hamp. Situate S. "W. comer, and 
contains 4(j0 sq. m. Drained centrally and W. by Ashuelol 
and other creeks of Connecticut r., which forms its W. bor- 
der, and by Contoocook r. in the E. sections. Surface 
beautifully varied with hills and vales. Grand Monadnock, 
8,71S fe<?t high, lies in S. \V. Farms 2,S05 : manuf. 377; 
dwell. 5.302, and pop.— wh. 30,117, fr. col. 27— total 30,144. 
Ctrpital: Keene. Public Works: Cheshire R. K., Ashue- 
lot K. E., etc 

CiiEsniKE, t. and p. t., New Haven co., Coi^n. : on Quin- 
ntpiak r., 22 m. S. by W. Hartford. The v. is the seat of an 
Episcopal academy, and is intersected by the Kew Haven 
and Northampton R. R., 15 m. frtmi New Haven. Pop. l,6i*7. 

CnEsnir.E, t. aud p. v., Berkshire co., Mass. : on Hoosie 
r., 110 -m. W. by N. Boston. Leather, boots, shoes, and 
glass are its chief manufactures, and it is noteil for Its fine 
cheese. The Pitlsfield and North Adams R. R. passes 
through it Pop. I,'2y7. 

CnEsniiiE, p. v., Ontario co., AC Y.: on a cr. of Canan- 
daigua Lake, 174 m. W. Albany. 

CnEsniRE, t. and p. v., Gallia co., O/o'o: on the N. W. 
side of the Ohio r., 106 m. 8. S. E. Columbus. Pop. 1,410. 

CuESNUT Bluffs, p. o.. Dyer co., Ten/i. : on the K. side 
of the S. branch of Forked Deer cr., 141 m. W. by S. 
Nashville. 

CiiES>'TJT Ckeek, p. 0., Autauga co., Ala.: on the cr. so 
called of Coosa r., 31 m. N. by W. Montgomery. 

Chesnut Flat, p. o., "Walker co., Ga.: 1S6 m. N. Vi'. 
MilledgeviUe. 

CuESNUT GnovE, p. 0., Shelby co., Xy. : 23 m. "W. by N. 
Frankfort. 

CuESNTJT Geove, p. o., Lycoming co., Pen?!. : 7S m. N. by 
W. Uarrisburg. 

Chesnut Grote, p. c, Chester dial., S. Car. : 56 m. N. 
Columbia. 

CuESsuT Grote, p. o., Davidson eo., Tenn.: 13 m. "W. 
Nashville. 

Chesnut Geo^t:, p. o., Pittsylvania co., Virg. : 123 m. 
W. S. "W. Richmond. 

Chesnut Hill, p. o., Perry co., Aia.: 02 m. W. N. W. 
Montgomery. 

CiiESNUT Hill, p. o., Calvert co., Jfd. : 22 m. S. by W. 
Annapolis. 

^ CuESNUT HiLL, p. o., Hall CO., Ga. : S4 m. N. N. W. 
MilledgeviUe. 

CiiESNUT Hill, p. o., Walton co., Plo/\ : 12G m. "W. by 
N. Tallahassee. 

CiiESNCT Hill, p. o., "Washington co., IruJ. : &3 m. S. 
Indianapolis. 

Chesnut Hill, p. o., Strafford co.. A': Jlamp. : 33 m. E. 
Concord. 

Chesnut Hill, p. o.. Philadelphia co., Peun. : (t m. "W. 
Philadelpliia, and So m. E. Uarrisburg. >,It is a highly 
healthy situation, and is resorted to by the Philadelphians 
in the summer season for recreation. 

Chesnut Le\i:l, p. o., Lancaster co., P< mu : 47 m. S. E. 
Harrisburg. 

Chesnut Ridge, p. o., Duchess co., K. Y. : 63 m. S. by E. 
Albany. 

CuESNCT Ridge, p. o.. Lincoln co., Tenn. : 71 m. S. 
Nashville. 

CiiESNUT Ridge, p. o., Union co., Penn. : 43 m. N. by "W. 
Harrisburg. 

Cnp-ss Springs, p. o., Cambria co., Penn. : 109 m. "W. 
Harrisburg. 

Q 



CuEsT, t. and p. o., ClcaiHeld co., Penu.: on the W, 
branoh of the Susquehanna r.. lOS m. N, "W. Harrisburg. 

Chester county, Pt-nn. Situate S, E., and contains 702 
sq. m. Drained liy Brandywino, Elk, Chester, and other 
creeks. Surface to the E. level or mjling — to the "SV. hilly 
and even mountainous. Soils generally feitile, ]iro'lncing 
large crops of grain. Farms 4,S35; manuf. 1,08') ; dwell. 
11,5S0, and pop.— wh. 61.3i:9, fr. col. 5,229— total 06.43S 
Otpitdl : West Chester. Pithlle Works : Philadelphia and 
Columbia R. R. ; West Chester Branch R. R.; and a pro- 
posed R. R. from West Chester direct to Baltimore. 

Chester dislrieU S. Car. Situate N., between Broad r. 
and the Wateree, and contains 4-SO sq. m. Drained l)y the 
tributaries of those rivers. Surface pleasantly diversiiied by 
hill and dale, and the soils of middling quality. The .staples 
are Indian corn and cotton. FarmsS44; manuf.oO; dwell. 
1,541, and pop.— wh. S,0U5, fr. col. 146, si. 9,sS7— total lS,f)y8. 
Capital : Chester. 

Chester, t. and p. v., Middlesex co., Conn.: on the E, 
side of Connecticut r., 27 m. S. by E. llartfi.ril. The t. is 
drained by Deep and other creeks, and has a small lake in 
its N. part, which gives itconsiderablt- hydraulic power. The 
v. is a neat and flourishing place, with some manufactures. 
Pop. 992. 

Chester, t. and p. o.. Dodge co., Wise. : 72 ni. N. E. 
Madison. Pop. S29, 

Chester, p. v., Gwinnett co., Ga. : 73 m. N.W. Milledge- 
viUe. 

Chester, p. v., Wayne co., Ind. : 60 m. E. by N. Indian- 
apolis. 

Chester, p. v., and cap. Randolph eo., lU. : on the Mis- 
sissippi r., immediately below the mouth of Kaskaskia r., 
132 m. S. Springfield. It is a place of commercial import- 
ance, and the depot for the trade of an extensive back 
country. The v. is located on an elevated bottom at the 
foot of the bluffs, and has a good landing fur steamboat.^ 
The " Chester Herald" is published weekly. Pop. about 
1,300. 

Chester, t. and p. v., Hampden co., Mass. : on brnnclies 
of Deerfield r., S9 m. W. Boston. It lias some wool and 
cotton manufactures. The Western R. R. passes through 
the t 119 m. from Boston, and 81 from Albany. Pup. 
1,521. 

Chester, t. and p. o., Eaton co., Muh. : on the Big fork 
of Thornapple r.. IS m. W. S. W. Lansing. Pop. ,3Sl). 

Chester, t. and p. v., Rockingham co.. X. IJauip.: on a 
branch of Exeter r., 22 m. S. S. E. Concord. Massabcsic 
Pond, in the N.W. of the t,, covers 1,500 acres. The v. is a 
place of considerable business. Pop. 1,301, 

Chester, t. and p. v., Morris co.. A' Jer. : on Black r., 
and several tributaries of the W. bank of the Raritau r., 3S 
ni. N. Trenton. The v. extends along the base of an isolated 
hill for more than a mile. Pop. 1,334. 

CnivSTER, p. v., Orange co., K. Y. : on the line of llie New 
York and Erie E. R., S9 m. S. by W. Albany. Tlie New- 
burg Branch R. R. diverges in this t. from the trunk line. 
Chester Village has long been known as a great live-stock 
market. Pop. 1,642. 

Chester, t. and p. v., Meigs co., Ohio: 106 m. S. E. 
Columbus. The v. is situate on Shade r., a tributary of the 
Ohio. Pop. of V. 190, and of t 1,6(^0. 

Cufater, p. v., and cap. Delaware co., Penn.: on the 
W. side of Delaware r., S4 m. E. by S. Harrisburg. It i^lhe 
oldest v. in the State, having been founded long before 
Penn obtained his charter, and was. until 1701. called Up- 
land. It conUiins the eo. buildings, an Athenanim. and the 
dwellings arc chiefly of brick or stone. Some of the oriLrinal 
houses are still standing. The Philadelphia, Wilmingt-.n, 
and Baltimore E. R. passes through the v., 15 m. from 
Philadelphia. It has three newspapers, the "Delaware 
County Republican'' (whig), the "Upland Union" (dcni.'), 
and the " C. Herald" (neutral), all published weekly. Pop. 
2,097. 

121 



CHE 



CHI 



Cjiesteb, p. v.. and cap. Chester dist., S. Car, : between 
Broad and Watcree rivere, 59 m. N. by W. Columbia. 

Chester, p. v., Gibson co., Ttnn. : 113 m. W. by S. 
Nashville. 

Chester, t, and p. o., "Windsor co., Verm. : on "Williams 
r. of the Connecticut, 82 m. S. by E. Montpeiier. The Itut- 
land and Burlington K. R. intersects the v., 14 m. from 
Bellow's Falls, and 106 ra. from Burlington. Pop. 2,00S. 

Chester river, Del. and Md. : a considerable stream of 
the eastern shore of Maryland, rising in Delaware, and 
flawing nearly S. W., dividing in its course the counties of 
Queen Anne and Kent, and falling into a large estuary of 
Chesapeake Bay, between Swan Point and Love Point. It 
is navigable to Charlestown. 30 miles. 

Chester Cross Eoads, p. o., Geauga co., Ohio : 165 m. 
N. E. Columbus. 

Chester FACTonreg, p. o., Hampden co., Mass. : on the 
lino of the Western R. li., 126 m. from Boston. 

CnESTEp.FiELD district, S. Car. Situate N.E, between 
Great Pedee r. and Lynch's cr., and contains 560 sq. m. 
Drained by creeks flowing to the limitarj- streams. Surface 
flat or rolling ; and soils, except on the streams, sandy and 
of inferior fertility. The staples are Indian com and cotton. 
Farms 54S ; manuf. 32 ; dwell. 1,263, and pop.— wh. 6.G7S, 
fr. col. 21S, si. 3,894— total 10,790. Capital : Chesterfield. 

Chesterfield county, Virg. Situate S. E., between the 
forks of James and Appomattox rivers, and contains 456 
sq. m. Swift cr. and other streams drain the interior. 
Surface somewhat broken, but soils of average fertility, pro- 
ducing wheat, Indian com, oats, and tobacco. There arc 
valuable coal mines in the county. Farms 564; manuf. 30 ; 
dwell. 1,757, and pop.— wh. 8.405, fr. col. 468, si. S,616— 
toLil 17.4S9. Capital: Chesterfield C. H. PubUo Works: 
Petersburg E. R. ; Clover Ilili R. R., etc. 

CnKSTERFuxp. p. v., Ncw London co., Co7in. : on the E. 
Bide of a cr. of Niantic r., 83 m. S. by E. Hartford. 

Chf-steefielo, p. v., Madison co., Ind. : on the S. Bide 
of the "W. fork of White r., 39 m. N. E. Indianapolis. 

CiiESTKRFiELD, p. V., Macoupiu CO., III. : on the N. side 
of Macoupin cr., and between it and Rock cr., 47 m. S. S. W. 
Springfield. 

Chesteefield, p. v., Grundy co,, Tetm.: 73 m. S. E. 
Nashville. 

CHESTERfTELT), t, Burliuglon CO., y. Jer. : on Cross- 
wick's and Black creeks of Delaware r., which bounds it on 
the "W. Pop. 4,514. 

CirESTERFiEU), p. V., MadisoH par., Za. : 149 m. N. Baton 
Rouge. 

CfiE'iTERFiET.D, t and p. v., Hampshire co., Mafis. : on a 
branch of Westfield r., 91 ra. W. Boston. Pop. 1,0U. 

Chkstebfield, t, and p. v., Cheshire co., N. Ifamp. : on 
the E. side of Connecticut r,, opposite Brattleboro', 49 m. 
S. W. Concord. Spafford Lake, in the centre of the t., 
covers 526 acres, and empties into the Connecticut. The v. 
has a flourishing academy, founded in 1794. Pop. 1,6S0, 

Chksterfield, t and p. v., Fulton co., O?iio: on the E. 
side of Tiflfin r., and on the N. State line, 104 m. N. N. W. 
Columbus. Fop. 538. 

CnESTERFiELD C. H., p. V., and cap. Chesterfield co., Tirg. : 
on the N. fork of Swift cr., 13 m. S. W. Riehnmnd. 

Chesterfield C. H., p. v., and cap. Chesterfield dist., S, 
Car. : on the S. W. side of Thompson's cr. of the Great 
Pedee r., 97 m. N. N. E. Columbia. 

CirESTERFiELD FACTORY, p. o., Chcshirc CO., N. ITamp. : 
61 m. S. W. Concord. 

Chester Uill, p. o., Morgan co., Ohio: 82 m. E. B. E. 
Columbus. 

Chester Springs, p. v., Chester co., P&nn. : 68 m. E. by 
8. Harri^burg. A watering place frequently resorted to by 
summer visitors. 

CiiESTERTowN, p. V., port, and cap. Kent co.. Md. : on a 
fine and open plain on the N. "W. side of Chester r., 30 m. 
above its confluence with Chesapeake Bav, 31 m. N. E. 
122 



Annapolis. The v. contains the C. II., the county prison. 1 
Episcopal and 3 Methodist churches, a bank, and market- 
house. It is the scat of Washington College, a branch of 
the University of Maryland, and it has also an academy, 
a ladies' boarding-school, and 2 primary schools. The 
" Kent News'' is issued weekly. The government of the v. 
is vested in 7 police commissioners, elected annually. Sev- 
eral steamboats and sloops ply regularly to and from Balti- 
more, and many of the inhabitants are employed in the bay 
fisheries. It was formerly a port of entry. Houses 200, and 
pop. 1,295. 

Chestkrtown, p. v., Warren co.,^I'.' between Hudson 
r. and Schroon r., 69 m. N. Albany. Schroon Lake lies on 
the N. E. border of Chester t,, and there are several small 
lakes within it, abounding in trout. Pop. oft. 1,850- 

Chester "Village, p. v., Hampden co., Ma^s.: on tbo 
line of the Western R. R., 119 m. from Boston, and SI from 
Albany. It has some manufactures. 

Ciiesterville, t, and p. o., Franklin co.. Me. : on Wil- 
son's cr. of Sandy r. of the Kennebec, 17 m. N.W.Augusta. 
Pop. 1,142. 

Ciiesterville, p. v., Chester co., Penn.: 63 m. E. by S. 
Ilarrisburg. • 

Ciiesterville, p. v., Morrow co., Ohio: 4& m. N. E. 
Columbus. 

Chesterville, p. v., Kent co., Md. : in the N. part of the 
CO., 53 HI. N. E. Aimapolis. 

Chesuncook lake, Jfe. : a large sheet of water in Piscat- 
aquis CO., and through which the Penobscot r. passes. It 
receives the Kahkoguamook and Umbazookskus river-^. 
This lake is about 25 m. long and 3 m. wide, and its central 
point is about 180 m.W. N.W. Augusta. The country neigh- 
boring on the lake is very fertile and highly pncturesque. 

CnETiMAcnES lake. La. : lies between Atcbafalaya and 
Tech6 rivers, and receives its waters from the former al 
high water, discharging them at all seasons into it again, ITj 
m. above its entrance to the Gulf. It is 40 m. long, and 
from 1 to 6 wide, shallow, and surrounded by a low, marshy 
country, which is annually overflowed. 

Cheviot, p. v., Hamilton co., Ohio : 123 m. S. W. 
Columbus. 

CuEw's Landing, p. v., Camden co., JVI Jer. : on the N. 
side of Big Timber cr., 32 m. S. S. E. Trenton. The v. has 
considerable trade in wood and lumber. 

Chewsville, p. v., Washington co., Md. : 79 m. N. W. 
by W. Annapolis. 

CincAGo, post city, port of entry, and cap. Cook co., 
lU.: at the mouth of Chicago r., on Lake Michigan, 1>>3 
m. N. N. E. Springfield. Lat. 42° 52' 20" N., and long. 
870 35' W. The main body of the r. sets back about 2 
m. into the city, then divides into two branches, both of 
which have a pretty uniform depth of 13 to 15 feet, all 
making a commodious and almost unlimited harbor for 
an immense amount of shipping which continually comes 
to, and goes from, this point The city borders on a 
wide, rich, and beautiful prairie, extending in difTerent 
directions for many miles, and which is handsomely diver- 
sified by groves and strips of timber springing up at intervals 
along the banks on the lake shore, furnishing a diversified 
picture, which is greatly enhanced by gardens and villas, 
which, mixing with the scene, make it one of enclianting 
loveliness. Though the site is very low and level, scarcely 
five feet above the lake, there are no marshes or wet lands 
about the place, and the lake winds, by constantly airitaliri'.r 
the waters, much like the tidal perturbations of sea-bnard 
rivers, have a good effect in promoting cleanliness and 
health to so large a city. 

Cliicago is one of the most substantial cities of the Great 
West It extends along the lake shore for about a mile, 
and inland beyond tbo bifurcations of the river. The bar at 
the pntrance h.is been much re<lueed, and piers have been 
extended into the lake topreventaccuniulationiiof sand and 
drift The depth is now suflleient, indeed, for the admission 



CHI 



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of the largest lake craft and sleanu-rs. Milwaukie is the 
only city of the West that has progressed at a more rapid 
rate within the past ten years. In 1830 Chicago was a 
mere trading post, and in 1840 it had only 4,4T0 inhabitants. 
In 1S50 its population amounted to 29,963, being an in- 
crease of 25,493 within the decade, or at the rate of 570.31 
per centum. The increase of Milwaukie, within the same 
pi-ri' id. was at the rate of 1,071.78 per centum ; of St Louis, 
of 372.76; and of Cincinnati, of 149.11 per centum. Such 
tacts are sufficient to show its present importance and its 
liiture prospects, which are attributable no less to the energy 
of the citizens of the place in prosecuting great public works, 
than to its position in relation to the route of travel, east and 
west. Fronting on the lake, it has directshipping connection 
with all the ports of the States of the Union, north and 
west, and with Canada ; and by means of the extensive 
lines of interna] improvement, its commerce reaches from 
the Atlantic sea-board to the banks of the Mississippi. On 
all these great lines of travel and trade its commerce is brisk 
and ever increasing. 

The internal improvements directly connecting Chicago 
with the great marts of commerce are, the Illinois and 
Michigan Canal, 100 miles long, which extends from the 
lake to the Illinois Elver at La Salle, and opens to the port 
the wide river country of the South and West, forming an 
outlet for the rich products of Kentucky, Missouri, Iowa, 
and Illinois, by the lakes ; two lines of railroad round the 
bend of Lake Michigan, thence continuous to the sea-board 
at Boston and New York, and also connecting with the 
Indiana and Oliio railroads; lines to the Mississippi Kiver at 
Galena, Koek Island, and Quincy, Alton, and Cairo; a line 
along the shore to Milwaukie; and lines extending to Janes- 
ville, Madison, Fond du Lac, etc. Chicago also reaches to 
the back country by means of numerous plank roads, which 
accommodate the producers of the neighborhood. Most of 
tlie lines of railroad have sufficiently progressed to insure 
their early completion; and to judge by the working of 
those portions now opened for tratBc, the success of each 
enterprise will far exceed the anticipations of the most 
enthusiastic of their projectors. Chicago has felt their 
advantages; the internal trade of the State has quintupled 
itself within a few years, and capital and population have 
sought a market so replete with facilities of trade and com- 
merce as those centering at Chicago. In 1S39, the total 
value of property in Chicago was assessed at .$236.&43 ; in 
1830 it was assessed at JS,562,717, of which $6,804,263 was 
real estate ! At the latter period the commerce of the port 
was conducted through the agency of cigiit l>ankers and 
dealers in exchange, 109 wholesale, forwarding, commis- 
sion, and produce houses, and 54 lumber dealers. During 
the year 1S51, the arrivals at Chicago were as follows: 
steamers, 662 ; propellers, 183; schooners, 1,182 ; brigs, 230; 
barges, 13. Total, 2,279 vessels, the aggregate burden of 
which was 958,600 tons. The following tabk«s will exhibit 
the quantity of some of the leading exporLs and imports, by 
lake canal and railroad for the same year. 



ESrOETS. 

Lake. Cfiiinl. 

Barley ....hn. S,.^37 

Beef. bbls. 49.300 

Beef. tcs. 2,829 

Butter lbs. 10,424 

Eulf. robes " 7,215 

Cattle No. 448 

Cheese lbs. 2,215 

Coal " — 

Com bu. 8,221,31" 

Furs, etc. .pks. 5.645 

Flour.. ..bbls. 71.723 

Hams " hVH 

Irams..cask3 688 

llama...hhds. 113 



11,460 
135 



75,117 



178,7.37 
1,182,803 



909,749 



683 — 



Total. 

19.997 

49.441 

2,829 

86,141 

J,215 

448 

181,052 

2,fl91,552 

3,221.317 

5,645 

72,406 

1,9;M 

688 
112 



I.i.le. Cai.al. Ilailro.iJ. T.it;,l, 

Hams lbs. 1,3,")4 TOO — 2,1 iM 

Hams No. 3,690 — — 3,6110 

Ilemp lbs. 094,783 — — 694,783 

Iron " 132.4S0 1,03.5,579 2,286,010 S,1.54,lli;i) 

Lard " 259,047 — — 2."'9,047 

Lard bbls. 9.057 — — 9,057 

Lath pes. — 12,785,285 2,186,135 I4,0.'l,-I2li 

Lead lbs. 1,37.5,872 1.007 — 1.370,n79 

Lumbei...feet — 54.1S6,7-!5 13,770,452 C7,9.'.T,2'i7 

Oats bu. 767,(159 10s — 707.197 

Potashes.. " — 114,866 8,000 122,i«6 

Pork bbls. 19,183 27 — 19.215 

Pork tcs. 489 — — 489 

Sh"lders .bbls. 1,020 — — l,ll:^» 

Sh'lJers.hhils. 3(i0 — , — :lOi> 

Sh'lders...No. 9,797 — — 9,797 

Sugar lbs. — 844,812 — 844,312 

Sugar... hhds. 20 — — 20 

Sugar.... bbls. 619 — — 619 

Timber.. C. ft. — 7,813 — T.S12 

Wheat bu. 43(!.803 853 — 4.37,660 

Wool lbs. 1,080,944 1,609 — 1,0SS,.5M 

IMPORTS. 

I...ke. Can.O. RiiilroaJ. Ti.lal. 

Bacon lbs. — 434.716 — 481.716 

Barley ....Iiu. 12.331 263 23..'ilS 80.111 

Beef b!>ls. — 1,.571 — 1,.571 

BufT.robes.llis. — 512,196 — 512.19G 

Com bu. — 2,.352,363 ~ 295.003 2,647.405 

Flour.... bliK 6,630 5,819 39,203 61,(;.52 

Hams lbs. — 1.(180,933 — 1,086,933 

Hemp lbs. — 1,(I3.5.(U8 — 1,0.S.5.61S 

Hides " — 487,806 861,070 S48.87i; 

Lath ...pieces 27,583,475 — — 27.!is:j.47."> 

Lard lbs. — 2,069,025 — 2,0li9,625 

Lead " — 1,402,1-35 — 1.402,135 

Lumber ..feet 125,056,487 466.CS5 — 125..523.122 

Oats bu. — 181.293 152,855 S34.14S 

Pork bbls. — 8,241 — 8.241 

Pork lbs. — — 2,390.245 2,390,2;8 

Shingles ..bu. 60,388,250 — — 60,888.2.50 

Sug.ar lbs.' — 8,76.5,8-36 — S,765,s30 

Sugar... hhds. 2.563 — — 2,563 

Sugar . bis, bxs 2,884 — — 2,884 

Timber. C. feet 410,679 152,297 — 502.976 

Tobacco... lbs. — 824,923 — 821,9.'3 

Wheat bu. 20,084 67,973 274,031 SSS.077 

Wood. ..cords 5,924 10,676 454 ]7,0.M 

Wool lbs. — 520,026 211,930 731,9.-|6 

The above only represents a portion of the domestic com- 
merce of Chicago, and even does not estimate that carried 
on by teams, which is commen-surably large. The value of 
articles imported tVom Canada during the year, was $5,811, 
and of exports from Chicago to Canada, $116,ls5. The 
arrivals from Canada were 7, and the clearances for the 
same destination, 18. The value of the whole domestic 
commerce for u series of vears, has been as follows : 

Years. » Imports. Kxport*. 

1886 $325,203 90 $1,000 64 

IS i" 873.677 13 1 1,665 (11) 

1S3S 579,174 61 16,044 75 

IS-SO 680,980 26 83,84:! 00 

1840 663.106 20 228,085 74 

1841 564,347 S8 848,863 24 

1842 664.347 83 6.59..')05 20 

1843 971,649 75 6V3.210 85 

1S44 1.686,416 00 7>5.5li4 28 

1845 2,048,445 73 1,54',.519 85 

1846 2.027,150 00 1,813.-408 00 

1847 2.641.8.52 53 2.296.299 00 

184* 8,333,639 Sfi 10,709,333 40 

123 



cm 



CFII 



Giicago has five daily newspapers: the *'C. Tribune" 
(indep'U), the "C. Democrat" (dein.), tlie " C. .lournal" 
(whig), the •'Commercial Adverli3L'r"(whig), and the *' Ar- 
gua," all of which also issue weekly editions; six weekly 
newspapers, the "New Covenant,'' and the " Western Citi- 
zen" ^holh Universalist), the "Gem of the Prairie" (lib.), 
the " Prairie Herald" (Presbyterian), the •* Watchman of the 
Prairie" (Baptist), and the "Commercial Keporter;" one 
tri-weekly, the " Illinois State Gazette;" one semi-monthly, 
the " North-western Medical Journal ;" and three monthly 
periodicals, the "Eclectic Review" (cducaL), the "Prairie 
Farmer" (agric), and the "North-western Journal of Ho- 
mcepalhy." 

Latrobe, an intelligent traveler, who visited Chicago in 
1S33, thus describes it: " This little mushroom town is situ- 
ated on the verge of a level tract of country, for the greater 
part consisting of open prairie lands, at a point where a 
email river, whose sources interlock — in the wet season— 
with those of the Illinois Kiver, enters Lake Michigan. It, 
however, forms no harbor; and vessels must anchor in the 
open lake, which spreads to the horizon, on the north and 
castj in a sheet of uniform extent." The contrast between 
Chicago of 1S33 and Chicago of the present day, is truly 
startling ; and the writer of twenty years ago, had he been 
told that his " mushroom town" was so soon to become the 
focus of a commerce equal to that enjoyed by many of the 
States of Europe, would he have credited so unprecedented 
a fact, or would he not have considered the prognostication 
the emanation of a crazy brain? 

CnionESTBR, t and p. v., Merrimac co., A'. Uamp. : on 
Suncook r., 8 ni. E. Concord. Pop. 997. 

CincKAUOMENY, p. v., Uanovcr co., I'trg. : on the r. of 
the same name, 31 m. E. Richmond. 

CmcKABOMENY rivor, J'^rg. : a tributary of James r. frora 
the N. W. It is about 60 m. long, and debouches 37 m. 
above Point Comfort. 

Cffit-KAMAW Bexd, p. 0., Madison par., La. : 137 m. N. 
Baton Rouge. 

OnicKAMAUGA, p. o., Hamilton co., Tenn. : on a cr. so 
called, 1U8 m. S. E. Nashville. 

CurcKASAW county, la. Situate N. E., and contains 576 
sq. m. Taken from Pollowattomee in 1S51. 

CnicKASAw county. Miss. Situate N., and contains 972 
sq. m. Drained by tlie Yallabusha, Ocktibbeha, etc. Sur- 
face undulating, and soils productive of Indian corn, cotton, 
and tobacco. Earms 1,167; manuf. 29; dwell. 1,647, and 
pop.— wh. 9,836, fr. col. 2, si. 6,480— total 16,868. Capital: 
Houston. 

CujcKASAw, p. v., Mercer co., Ohio : S6 m. "W". N. "W. 
Columbus. 

CuicKASAwnATCiiiE. p. V., Lcc CO., Go.: on the cr. so 
called, a tributary of the lehawaynochaway r. of Flint r., 
12:3 m. S. E. MilledgeviUe. 

CnioKASAW Nation, In^. Ter. The Chiclvaaaws are 
settled in the Choctaw Territory. (5*^ Choctaws.) 

Chick's Springs, p. o., Greenville dist., S. Car.: 92 m. 
N. W. Columbia. 

CmcopEE (Cagotvtlle), p. t, Hampden co., Mam. : 
near the confluence of Chicopee r. with the Connecticut, 4 
m. N. of Springfield and 80 m. W. by S. Boston. It is one 
of the most enterprising manufacturing places in New 
England. A newjipaper, the *'C. Telegraph" (whig), is 
published weekly. Pop. S,291. 

CnicoPEE Falls, p. v., Hampden co. 3Tass, : at the falls 
of the Chicopee r., 2 m. from its mouth, 80 m. "W. by 8. 
Boston. It has numerous factories. A branch of the Con- 
necticut River R. P. extends from CabotsviUe to the Falls. 

CnicopEK river. Mass. : a tributary of the Connecticut r., 
into which it falls in the N. part of the town of Chicopee. 
In its course it receives the waters of Quaboag Pond and 
of Ware and Swift rivers. 

CnicoT county. Ark. Situate 8. E. on Mississippi r., and 
contains 860 sq. m. Drained by Bayou Macon, River de 
134 



Bceuf, and Eayuu Bartholomew. Surface low and level- 
subject to inundation. Soils various— some very fertile, and 
some inferior. Cotton is the great staple. Farms 142 ; 
dwell. 226, and pop.— wli. 1,122, fr. col. 9, 6l. 3,9?4— total 
15,115. CapiUtl: Columbia. 

CmEP Waruiok, p. v., Erie co., J^. Y.: 257 m. "W. 
Albany. 

Chikalah, p. v., Yell co., Ark. : on a branch of Petite 
Jean cr., 65 m. W. N. W. Utile Rock. 

CuiLDSviLLE, p. v., Yancey co., y. Car.: 216 m. W. 
Raleigh. 

CuiLuowEE, p. v., Blount CO., Tenn. : on the N. side of 
Little Tennessee r., 156 m. E. by S. Nashville. 

CniLi, p. v., Miami co., I7id. : on the N. side of Eel r., 74 
m. N. Indianapolis. The Goshen and Peru II. R. crosses 
the r. at this point. 

Cniu, p. T., Hancock co., lU. : 86 m. W. N. "W. Spring- 
field. 

CinLT, t. and p. v., Monroe co., ^ Z : on the W. side 
of Black cr. of Genesee r., 206 m. W. by N. Albany. The 
Buffalo and Rochester R. R. passes through the village 66 
m. from Bufl'alo and 262 m. from Albany. Pop, 2.247. 

CuiLT, p. v., Coshocton co., O'tio: 67 ra. N. E. by E. 
Columbus. 

CuiLLTcoTHK, p. V., WapclIo CO., la. : on the S. side of 
Des Moines r., 63 m. S. W. Iowa City. 

CniLLicoTHE, p. v., Peoria co., III. : at the upper end of 
Prairie Lake, on its "W. side, SO m. N. Springfield. It is a 
village of im porta nee ,-«nd has considerable trade. 

CniLLicoTiiE, p. v., and cap. Livingston co.. Mo. : on a 
fine prairie, 3 m. N. of Grand r., US m. N. \V. Jeflerson 
City, 

Chtllicotiie, p. city, and cap. Ross co., Ohio : on the Vi. 
side of the Scioto r., 37 m. S. Columbus. In plan, this 
city somewhat resembles Philadelphia, being bounded N. 
by Scioto r. and S. by Paint cr., here about three-fourtlis o( 
a mile apart. The principal streets follow the course of the 
Scioto, and these are crossed rectilineally by others extend- 
ing from river to creek — the two main streets crossing each 
other in the middle of the city, and being each 99 feet 
wide. "Water Street, which faces on the river, is 82} feet 
wide, and the others CO feeL The streets arc lighted with 
gas. The city has numerous fine and substantial buildings, 
among which are the Court House, the markets, banking 
houses, hotels, and numerous churches and school-houses. 
The city occupies the site of an ancient mound, but this has 
been leveled to make way for improvements. On the W. 
side of the city is a hill rising abruptly to llic height of 3^10 
feet, frora which there is an extensive and beautiful view of 
the city and vicinity. Through the city the Ohio Canal 
passes, and before long it will become connected in every 
direction by railroads now in course of construction. The 
city has two daily papers, the "Scioto Gazette" (whig), and 
the "Ancient Metropolis" (indep.), both of wliich also pub- 
lish a weekly edition ; and two weekly papers, the *' C. Ad- 
vertiser" (dem.), and the "Ohio Correspondent" (indep.) 
As a place of manufactures and commerce, the city has a 
high rank among the inland towns, and is rapidly pro- 
gressing in material jirosperity. Chillicoihe w.ts formerly 
the State capital. Pop. in 1840, 8,977; in 18.50, 7,1105. 

CniLLiSQUAQUE, p. V., NorihumborlanJ co., Pfinn. 

CmLLiTECAUX, p. v., and cap. Dunklin co.. Mo. : 102 m. 
S. E. JeflTerson City. 

OiiTLMARK, t. and p. o., Dukes co., Mass. : in the S. W. 
part of Martha's Vineyard, 62 m. S. by E. Boston. At the 
AV. end of the town is Gay Head, a noted headland on 
which is a light-house. There are some native Indians still 
residing on Ihe net-k leading to the Head. The B. W. point 
of the town is known as Squebnocket. Pop, 747. 

CniLO. p. v.. Clermont co., Ohio: on the Ohio r., 100 ra. 
S. W. Columbus. 

Chilton's Mills, p. o., "Walker ca, Ala. : 128 ra. N. W. 
Montgomery. 



CHI 



CHO 



CuiLTONTiLLE, p V., Plymouth co., Mass. 

CiiniNKY Point, p. o., Addison co., Verni.: on Lake 
Champhiin,'^! early opposite Crown Point, 52 m. ^V. by S. 
Montpt-lier. 

Chimnky Rock, p. o., Eutberford co., J\'. <?itr.: 102 m. 
W. S. W. Kaleigh. 

China, (, and p. v., Kennebec co., Me.: on :i I>pantiriil 
lake which covers a great part of the town, and i-inplics 
into a creek of Kennebec r., aflbrdingextL'nsivu mill power. 
1 liLi village on the S. margin of the lake is a beautiful 
place. Several manufactures are carried on. Pop. -jTtiD. 

China, U and p. v., St. Clair co., Mk'h. : on the W. side 
of Su Clair r., lilO m. E. Lansing. The village lies on Belle 
r., a tributary of the St. Clair. Pop. l,(\o7. 

China, p. v., Lee co., lU. : 13S m. N. by E. Springfield. 

China,' t. and p. v., "Wyoming co., JV. Y. : on Cattaraugus 
cr., 244 m. W. Albany. Hydraulic power is abundant, and 
numerous mills are in operation. Pop. 1,9G1. 

China Gf.ove, p. o., Pike eo., Ala. ; on the line of the 
Girard and Mobile li. R., 3"2 m. S. E. Montgomery. 

China Grote, p. o., Pike co., Miss. : on the W. side of 
M'Oee's cr. of Bogue Chitto, 66 m. S. Jackson. 

China Gkove, p. o., Eowan co., K. Car. : lOS m. AV. by S. 
lialcigh. 

China GnovE, p. o., "Williamsburg dist., S. Car. : on 
Cedar cr. of Black r., 92 m. E. S. E. Columbia. 

China Grove, p. o., Gonzales co., Tea'.: 60 m. S. Austin 
Cily. 

C'inNA ITiLL, p. 0., Gadsden co., Fhr. : on Little r. of 
Oeklockony r., 20 m. N. "W. Tallahassee. 

CuiNCAPiN Grove, p. o., Gwinnett co,, Ga. : 64 m. N. W. 
Milledgeville. 

CniNCAPKiN, p. v., Duplin co., JV; Car.: 69 m. S. E. 
Kaleigh. 

CiiiNCOTEAGUE, p. o., Accomac CO., Virg. : 1-22 m. E. N. E. 
Eichmond. 

CuiNNiBEC, p. o,, Talladega co., Ala. : about 4 m. E. of 
Talladega, and 72 m. N. by E. Montgomcrj'. 

Cnip.MAN'6 Point, p. o., Addison eo., Verm.: on Lake 
Cliamplaiu, opposite Crown Point, 46 m. "W. S. W. Mont- 
pel ier. 

Chippewa county, 3fic7i. Situate on the N. peninsula, 
occupying the E. extremity, and contains 2,876 sq. m. 
Drained by several streams flowing to Lake Superior, 
Tah-qua-rae-naw r. falling into the bay of the same name, 
and numerous rivers and creeks of St. Mary's r. and Lake 
Iluruii. Surface riclily varied with much good farm land. 
Farms IT; manuf. 10: dwell. Is7. and pop.— wh. 890', fr. 
col. 8— total S9S. Capital: Sault de St. Marie. 

Chippewa county, Wise. Situate N. "W. on Mis-Mssippi 
r., and contains 2.740 sq. m. Drained by the Chippewa r. 
and other streams. In the N. are many beautiftd lakes. 
Surface much varied, but chiefiy prairie. Timber aburid- 
anL Farms—; manuf. 3; dwell. 94, and pop.— wh. 614, 
fr. col. 0— total 614. Capital: • . 

Chippewa, t and p. v., Beaver co., Penn.: 192 m. "W. 
Ilarrisburg. 

Chippewa, t. nnd p. v., 'Wa>-ne co., Ohin: on the Chip- 
pewa r.. 92 m. N. E. Columbus. The villnge lies on the N. 
bank of the river, about a mile from the W. border of the 
town. Pop. 2,637. 

Chippewa, p. o., New Castle co., I>el. 

CmppEWA bay, jY Y. : on the E. side of St. Lawrence r., 
opposite SI. Lawrence co. It contains a number of the 
" Thousand Islands." 

Chippewa river, Mich.: a branch of Pine r., whieh it 
Joins near its mouth. 

CinpiT.WA river, W/Jic. : this river (the Ojibwa of the 
Indians^ nms entirely across the State, having its rise nn 
the borders of Michigan, near the sources o( the Wisconsin, 
Montreal, etc., and running into the Mississippi r. near the 
foot of Lake Pepin. It is about 500 yards wide at its moulh. 
There are 14 rapids on the Chippewa— the principal one, 



called the *■ Falls," is about 75 m. from its mouth, and has 
a descent of 24 feet in the diBtance of half a mile. A very 
large amount of pine lumber is annually sent dnwn this 
river. Toward the sources of the alream and Us bramhes 
there are many fine lakes, some of which have received 
names, and the principal are known as Lac Conrtorielle, 
Lac Chetac, Lac du Flambeau, Tomahawk Lake, Eed 
Cedar Lake, Kico Lake, etc. The Red Cedar Fork is tlio 
main branch of the Chijtpewa, entering it from the W., 
about 86 m. above its mouth. About 60 m. below I'ico 
Lake, on this river, according to Schoolcraft, commences a 
aeries of rapids over horizontal layers of sandstone rock, 
winch extend, Willi short intervals, down the river 24 m. 
The remainder of the distance (about oO m.) to (be junc- 
tion is cbarncterized by deep water, with a strong current; 
and at the junction is commanding and elevated, afftirding 
a fine view of a noble expanse of waters. 

CuippEWAYAN mountains. (See Kocky mountains.) 

CniTTENANGO, p. V., Madison co., jV. Y. : on Cliittenango 
cr., 112 m. t\'. by N. Albany. The Syracuse ami I'lica 
R. R. pa:*:*es near the village, and about a mile to Ihe N. 
the Erie Canal, with which a side cut connects it. U is a 
flourishing place, has some manufactures, considerable 
tra<le, and publishes the '^ Phenix"' (deni.) weekly. Hy- 
draulic cement is found in the neighborhood, and a mile 
S. of Ihe village is a valuable sulphur spring. 

CniTTKNANoo Falls. p. o., MadisOH CO., X. y. : on the 
river so called, 112 m. "W. by N. Albany. 

Chittenango river, N. Y. : rises in tlie town of Nebon, 
Madison co., and flows N. into Oneida Lake. 

Chittenden county, Vfirm. Situate N. W., on Lake 
Champlaiii, and contains 496 sq. m. Drained by Onion, 
Lamoille, and other rivers. Surface generally finely varie- 
gated, but mountainous in the E. ; soils as various — lierc 
sandy, and there rieb alluvion or clayey. Farms l,9(iS; 
manuf. 201 ; dwell. 4,805, and pop.— wh. 2S,927, fr. col. Iii9 
—total 29,036. a/;>if(/;; Burlington. Puhlic Works: Rut- 
land and Burlington R. R. ; Vermont Central R. R. ; and 
Burlington Branch R. R. 

Chittenden, t. and p. v., Rutland co., V' nn. : on tlie 
highlands of the Green Mountains, forming llic watershed 
l>elween Lake Champlain and the Conneelieut r., 33 m. 
S. by "W. Monl]>elier. ll is a rugged country and siiarstly 
populated. Pop. 675. 

Chocolate river, MicJt. : a consideralde stream of fhe 
Upper Peninsula, which has its rise in a small lake iu the 
highlands N. E. of Meriomonee r., and rufining N. and N. E. 
disehargis its waters on the S. border of Lake Sujtcriiir. 

CiiocoNtT, t. and p. v., Susquebannah co., Ptuii.: on 
the N. line of the Stale, 126 m. N. by E. Ilarrisburg. 

Choctaw county. A/a. Situate S. W., and contains ^64 
sq. m. Drained by tributaries of Tombigbee r., wliicli 
forms the E. border. Surface level; soils fertile, proibieing 
corn and cotton. Farms 445; dwell. 760, and po[).— wh. 
4,620, fr. coI.O, si. 3,769— total S,3S9. Capital: Buller. 

Choctaw county. Miss. Situate N. centrally, and con- 
tains 900 s(i. m. Drained by the bead waters of Big Black 
r. and several creeks of the Tallabusha. Surface elevated 
ami rolling, with abundance of timber; soils excellent. 
Tile products are chiefly Indian com and cotton. Farms 
1,132 ; manuf. 17 ; dwell. 1,405, and pop.— wh. 8,420, fir. coL 
4, si. 2,97S— total 11,402. Capital: Greensboro. 

Choctaw Agency, p. o., Choctaw Nation, Ark. 

Choctaw A^iency. p. o.. Oklibbelia co., J/m». ; on the E. 
side of Noxul)ee r., loo m. N. E. Jackson. 

Choctaw Corner, p. o., Clarke co., Ala.: S4 m. "W by i*. 
Montgomery. 

Choctaw Nation, In J. Tcr. : is bounded N. by tlic Can.v 
da and Arkansas rivers, E. l>y the Stale of Arkansas. S. by 
Red River, and W. by Ihe 10"lh meridian. Tlie country in 
the E. is inotmtiiiiious, with large and fertile valleys — in the 
"W. it \s undulalbig and varied. The whole is well drained 
by numerous tributaries of the Arkansas and Rc^l rivers, 

125 



CHO 

both of which are navigable for aleamlioats. The Clioctaws 
are extensively engaged in agriculture, and have good 
houses and well-fenced flelds, on which they raise com and 
cotton in abundance, and they have good slocks of cattle, 
horses, and sheep. On the streams they have numerous 
saw and grbt mills, and in several parts cotton gins ; spin- 
nin"*- and weaving are carried on in their principal settle- 
ments ; and all their own blacksmithing, wagon-building, 
etc., arc done by themselves under direction of mechanics 
furnished them by the United Stales' Govemmenl. The 
Choelaws are governed by a written constitution and laws ; 
the nation is divided into four districts, each of which elects 
its own chief quartcnnially. The General Council, consist- 
ing of 40 members, and chosen by the voters of each district, 
meets annually at the Council House, on the first Monday 
of Octuber. This body frames all laws, but the chiefs have 
a veto, which the council can only overrule by a two-thirds 
vote. Their legislative business is Iransaclcd according to 
the usual forms of civUized societies, and the councilors are 
paid, during theur sittings, $2 from the natiohal treasury. 
For judicial purposes, the nation is divided into districts, 
and trial by jurj', and appeal to the higher courts are 
allowed. The military department is intrusted to a general 
elected by the people at large, and there arc 32 raptains in 
each district. The Council House, which is a large and 
commodious budding, is located on the W. side of Kiame- 
shi r., nearly equi-distant between the N. and S. lines of the 
national territorj'. The Chiokasaws, who were their kins- 
men on the E. side of the Mississippi, dwell with the 
Choctaws on the W. side, forming the fourth district of the 
nation. They are governed by the same laws, and have a 
proportional representation in the General Council. The 
two nations, however, receive their annuities from the 
United States separately, and are distinct in some other 
respects. Numerous missionaries are settled among both 
the Choctaws and Chickasaws, and have succeeded well in 
Uieir efforts to civilize them; so that these nations may 
now be considered as among the most intelligent of the 
ludian tribes. 

CiioppKEN, p. v., 'Wells CO., Jnd. : S4 m. N. E. by N. 
Indianapolis. 

CnopTANK river, Md. : a large stream of the Eastern 
Shore, which risea in two main branches — one from Dela- 
ware, and flowing m a course generally S., empties through 
a large estuary into Chesapeake Bay, between Tighlman's 
Island on the N. and Sharp's Isljind on the S. It is navi- 
gable for sloops for nearly 40 m. from its confluence with 
the bay. 

CiiowAN county, K Car. Situate on Albemarle Bound, 
between Chowan and Perquinons rivers, and contains 218 
sq. m. Surface low and level, with swamps ; soils sandy, 
but moderately fertile, producing corn and cotton. Farms 
344; manuf. 28; dwell. 613, and pop.— wh. 2,944, fr. col. 
104, si. 8,678.— total 6,721. CapiUil : Edenton. 

CnowAN river, K Car. : is formed by the union of the 
Nottaway, Meherrln, and Blackwater rivers, which rise and 
have their courses principally in Virginia. It flows into 
Albemarie Sound, a little N. of the mouth of the Koanoke. 
It is navigable on the Meherrin branch for large vessels to 
Murfreesboro, near the Virginia Slate line. 

CimiSTiAN county. III Situate centrally, and contains 
560 sq. m. Drained by the South Fork and other tribu- 
taries of Sangamon r., which bounds it N. Surface chiefly 
undulating prairie, with frequent timber groves; and soil 
everywhere ferlile. Farms 434 ; manuf. 12 ; dwell. 635, and 
pop.— wh. 3,202, fr. col. 0— total 8,202. Capital: Taylors- 
ville. FiMio Warke: Illinois Central U. R. 

Christian county, Kt/. Situate W. on S. border, and 
contains 540 sq. m. Drained by Little r. and W. fork of 
Kcd r., tributaries of the Oumberiand. Surface generally 
level, and the soils various— in the N. indifferent, but well 
timbered, and in the S. fertile, producing wheat, corn, and 
tobacco. Iron and bituminous coal abundant Farms 
126 



CIIU 

1.190: manuf. 77; dwell. 1.965, and pop.— wh. 11,309, fr. 
col. 131, si. 8,140— total 19,5s0. Capital: HopkinsvUle. 
Puilic Works: A railroad from Nashville, Kim., to Hen- 
derson, on the Ohio (projected.) 

CuEisTiiNA, p. v.. New Castle CO., Del, : on Christiana 
cr., 8S m. N. Dover. The Philadelphia, Wilmington, and 
Baltimore E. B. passes through the village. Its miinufiu- 
tures are comparatively large, and consist chiefly of flour, 
gimpowiler, etc. Tlie hunil. of the same name conuuns 
22,560 acres, and 3.902 inhabitants. 

CnaisTiANA, t and p. o., Dane CO., Wise. : on the E. side 
of Rock er., 20 m. E. S. E. Madison. Pop. 1,054. 

CnitisTiAXA river, MA and Iiul : a tributary of the Su 
Joseph r.; it rises in the E. part of Cass Co., and flowing 
S. W. and S. passes into Indiana, where it joins the St. Jo- 
seph's at Elkhart village. It is a never-failing mUl stream, 
and furnishes abundance of hydraulic power. 
CuaiSTiANSBUF.Gn, p. v., Shelby co., A'lj. 
CuaisTiANSBiTRGn, p. V., and cap. Montgomery eo., Virg. : 
lOT m. W. S. W. Richmond. The Virginia and Tennessee 
R. E. will pass through this village. 

Cheistiansbukgii, p. v.. Brown CO., Ind. : on a branch 
of Salt cr., 46 m. S. Indianapolis. 

CuKiSTiASSBURGU, p. v.. Champaign CO., Ohio: in tho 
S. W. corner of the county, 57 m. W. by N. Columbus. 

CuRisTLUiSTiLLE, p. V., Mccklcnburg CO., Virg. : 74 m. 
S. W. Richmond. 

CnEisTMASTiLLE, p. v., CarroU co., Tenn. : 97 m. W. by S. 
Nashville. 
Christy's FoKir. p. o., Morgan co., Ky. 
CuRisTY's Prairie, p. o.. Clay Co., Ind. : 10 m. W. BowW 
ing Green, and 59 Vf. S. W. Indianapolis. 

CiiacKATucK, p. v., Nansemond eo., Virg. : on Chucka- 
tuck cr., 8 m. above its confluence in J.ames r., and 62 S. E. 
Richmond. The village^as several factories, and the river 
being navigable to this place, afl'ords it considerable facilities. 
CinroK-r Bekd, p. o., Jefl'erson CO., Teim. : on the N. side 
of Nolichueky r., 204 m. E. Nashville. 

Ciiuctanonda creek, N. Y.: rises in Fulton and Sara- 
toga counties, and flows S. into Montgomery co., where it 
empties into the Mohawk r. at the village of Amsterdam. 

CiiirLAFisNE, p. 0., Randolph CO., Ala. : 76 m. N. by E. 
Montgomery. 
CuCLASKY, p. o., Northumberland Co., Penn. 
CnULTAHOMA, p. V., Marshall co.. Miss. : 163 m. N. by E. 
Jackson. 

Cuc.vESTGGEE, p. o., Macon CO., AU. : 42 m. E. by S. 
Montgomery. 

Lauderdale Co., Miss.: SS m. E. 



, 2[d. : on Church 
lank r., and 

5nox CO., Tenn.: 162 m. E. 

, Lowndes co., Aki. : 80 m. 'ff. 8. 'W. 

, Luzerne CO., Penn. : 89 m. N. N. E. 



CurXKEYVILI.E, p. 

Jackson. 

Church Creek, p. o., Dorchester co., 
cr., 5 m. from its confluence with Little Choplank r., and 
41 m. S. S. E. Annapolis. 

CnuEcn Grove, p. o., 
Nashville, 

CniTRcn Hill, p. 
Montgomery. 

CuuRcii Hill, p. ' 
Harri.sburg. 

CuuEcii HiLi, p. o.. Queen .\nne co., Md. : at the bead 
of Soulh-East cr., S m. from its confluence with Chester r., 
81 ra. E. by N. Annapolis. It has 8 churches, an academy, 
aliout 60 dwellings, and 250 inluabilanls. The Episcopal 
church, built 1726. is an old English slruclure of l>rick, large 
and massive, and capable of containing 1,000 persons, and 
has a chancel and vcslry-room adjoining. 

CuDRcn IIiLL, p. o.. Christian co., Ky. : 163 m. S. "W. 
FrankforL 

CucRCH Hill, p. o., Jefferson co.. Miss. : on Ihe E. side 
of the Mississippi, about 8 m. distant from Iho river, and 72 
m. S. W. Jackson. 

CiiuEcn Hill, p. o., Trumbnll CO., Ohw : 143 m. N. E. 
Columbus. 



CHU 



CIN 



Cnuitcii ITiLL, p. o., Halifax co., Virg. : near the conflu- 
ence of Birch cr. with Dan r., 110 m. 8. W. Kichmon.I. 

CnuBcn's Stoke, p. o., \Vilkea co., X Car.: 14(3 m. 
W. by N. Kaleigb. 

CniTRcnTowN, p. v., Laneaater co., Penn, : 48 ra. E. by S. 
llarrisburg. 

CnuKCUTOWN, p. 0., Columbia co., 2^. y.:4S m. S. by E. 
Albany. 

CnuEcnviLLE, p. v., Monroe co., X Y. : on the line of (he 
Buffalo and Rochester R. R., 63 m. ft-om Buffalo, and 2(JG 
m. from Albany. It is a neat village of some SOU inhabit- 
ants. 

Cue RcnviLLE, p. T., Augusta CO., Virff. : 94 m. "W. by N. 
Eicbmond. 

CiiuRcuviLLE, p. v.. Harford co., 31(1. : on the E. side 
of Bynham's r., 4G m. N. Annapolis. 

CnuRUBU6co, p. v., Franklin co., Ala.: 1S4 Di. N. "W. 
Montgomery. 

CuuRUBusco, p. v., Anderson disU, S. Car.: 109 m. 
W. N. W. Columbia. 

CnmuBUSco, p. v., Whitley co., Ind.: 109 m. N. N. E. 
Indianapolis. 

CicEEo, p. T., Hamilton co., Lul. : on Cicero cr. of White 
r., 26 m. N. by E. Indianapolis. The Pern and Indianap- 
olis E. K. passes a little eastward of the village. 

CiCEEO, t. and p. v., Onondaga co., Al 1' ; on the S. W. 
side of Oneida Lake, 123 m. W. by N. Albany. Chilte- 
nango r. flows along its E. border. The village has about 
500 inhabitants. Pop. 2,9S0. 

Cincinnati, post city, port of entry, and cap. Hamilton 
CO., Ohio: on the N. side of the Ohio r., directly opposite 
the mouth of Licking r., and distant by river course from 
Pittsburg 465 m., from Louisville 182 m., from the mouth 
of Ohio r. 494 m., and from New Orleans 1,447 m., and in 
direct line 113 m. 8.W. Columbus. Lat. 890 05' 54" N., and 
long. 84° 27' W. from Greenwich, or 7° 25' W. from Wash- 
ington. It is the largest inland city of the United States, 
and in point of population is only exceeded by Boston, 
Kew Tork, Philadelphia, Baltimore, and New Orleans. In 
ISOO it had about 750 inhabitants ; in 1810,2,540; in 1S20, 
9,642; in 1S30, 24,S31 ; in 1840,46,338; and in ISoO, 115,4:36. 

The city is located in a beautiful valley of about 12 m. in 
circumference, surrounded by hills. This valley is divided 
almost centrally by the Ohio r. It was first settled on the 
24th Dec, 17SS, by a parly of men sent out under Mathias 
Denman and Robert Paterson, to improve a portion of the 
purchase made by tbe Hon. John Cleves Symmes. This 
purchase embraced a tract of 311,682 acres, lying between 
the Great and Little Miami rivers, and extending along the 
Ohio r. a distance of 37 m. One square mile in each town- 
ship was reserved for school purposes, and section 29 in 
each for the support of religions societies. 

This party landed opposite the mouth of Licking r., and 
laid out a village called Losantiville, a name shortly after- 
ward abandoned for that of Cincinnati. In Feb., 1TS9, 
another party, under Symmes himself, landed at North 
Bend, and there laid out what was intended to be a large 
city, to which they gave the name of Symmes. Soldiers 
were nOw sent out to protect the settlers at the Bend ; but 
Fort Washington having been established, they were re- 
moved to Cincinnati subsequently, and the rivalry of the 
two places succumbed in favor of Cincinnati as the chief 
scat of business. The fort stood on what is now Arch-street, 
between Third and Fourth-streets, and east of Broadway. 
In 1790 General Harrison marched hence against the In- 
dians, and in the next year General St. Clair started for the 
same place on his ill-fated expedition. The fort was suc- 
cessively commanded by Ziegler, Williamson, and Harrison, 
the latter of whom became subsequently President of the 
United States. In 1792 the first church was erected on 
what is now comer of Maine and Fourth-streets, and occu- 
pied by the First Presbyterian Church. In the rear of it 
are many graves of the pioneers. In 1793, the first paper, 



called the "Sentinel of the North-west Territory," north of 
the Ohio r., was established at Cincinnati by William Max- 
well. On the lllh Jan., 1794, a line of two keel boats, with 
bulletrproof covers and portrholes, and provided with can- 
non and small arms, was established between Cincinnati 
and Pittsburg, each making a trip onco in four weeks. 
During this period, the town progressed but slowly, while 
idleness, drinking, and gambling prevailed in the army, 
and was to a great extent participated in by the citizens. 
The popidation at various periods is shown above. From 
ISOO to ISIO U progressed pretty rapidly, and considerable 
trade was carried on with New Orleans in keel boats, w hich 
returned laden with foreign goods. The passage to New 
Orleans then occupied about 25 days, and the return 65 
days. In 1S19 the city was incorporated, since which 
period its progress in population and material wealth has 
been uninterrupted and rapid in an astonishing degree, 
considering the diffleulties it had to contend with before the 
establishment of steam navigation on the rivers and rail- 
roads throughout the countrj'. It would be invidious to 
compare the early career of Cincinnati with that of Chica- 
go, Milwaukie, and some others ; they were founded under 
quite different auspices ; the one in the midst of a country* 
bare of population, without a road, and scant of river facil- 
ities, and the others with every facility of travel perfected, 
and a tide of immigration unceasingly pouring upon llicm. 

Cincinnati occupies the whole of the first bank of the 
river, called the Bottom, and the second, called the Hill, 
which is lOS feet abnve low water mark, and 60 feet above 
the first l)ank. The streets are so graded as to render Ihc 
communication between the two parts easy, and many of 
them are adorned with fine edifices, and beautiful shade 
trees. It extends back to a third range of hills, a distance 
on Main-street of about two miles, and in the western part 
perhaps more, and along the Ohio about three miles. Ex- 
cepting on the margin of the river, the city is regularly laid 
out in streets and alleys, crossing each other at right angles. 
The streets running E. and W., proceeding from the river, 
are denominated jf'irst. Second, etc., while those running 
N. and S. are named after the indigenous forest trees, as 
Wiil7)nt, Si/cft7nofe, etc. Main-street extends from the 
steamboat landing, on the river, directly north to the north- 
ern bounds of the city. The streets are generally paved, 
and the foot-paths flagged. The city contains about 16,000 
houses, 80 churches, many of them very fine edifices; 3 
colleges, 4 medical schools, a law school, a female college, 
several female seminaries, 6 classical schools, a lal"ge inini- 
ber of finely-built public schools, 4 banks, with resources 
amounting to .$8,963,371 : and 17 insurance companies, etc. ; 
several public halls, the county and city courts, a men-anlile 
exchange, and numerous libraries, and literary, philosoph- 
ical and charitable institutions, an observatory, 4 theatres, 
a museum, gas-works, water-works, etc. In fact, it lias all 
the appliances necessary for the physical, intellectual, and 
moral enjoyment of a large population; and in its manu- 
factures, commerce, and general wealth, is pre-eminent 
among the cities of the world. 

The manufactures of Cincinnati embrace almost every 
department of industrial eniploj-ment. It would be impos- 
sible to enumerate Ihcm in the compass allowed to this 
article ; but there are some industries that so distinguish 
the city, that their enumeration is necessary. It has G 
distilleries; 140 bakeries; 12 bell and brass foundries: S2 
blacksmith shops; 10 boiler yards; 15 book-binderies; 374 
boot and shoo factories; 31 breweries; CO brick yards; 2(i3 
mason shops; 121 butchers' shops; 254 carpenter and buibi- 
er shops; 24 carriage factories; 63 coopers' shops; 43 cop- 
per-fdate printing establishments ; 13 beef and tongue curing 
establishments : 4 cutleries ; 33 daguerreotype establish- 
ments ; 16 domestic liquor manufactories ; 15 dye houses ; 
19 edge tool factories; 14 engravrag establishments; 14 
feed and flour milts; 44 founderics and engine shops; 136 
furniture factories ; 10 gilding establishments ; 2 glass 

127 



CIN 



CIN 



works: C iTHnsmilh shops; 40 l.at faclories; 14 .ce-packmg 
rstabliBhrneute ; 5 iron roning-mill, ; 3 iron -'« f-'""^' .f 
iron railing fa...,ric,: in lever look factor,™ ; * ;"'"? "^^™ 
es.abli»hmenu; T looking-slas, faclone, ; 1'^ ■"''"":»' 
shops; 6 nmrblc ^'orks; 6 inatheniutical an.l opl.cal mstru- 
menl factories: 10 upholsteries; CO miUiner.es; 7 morocco 
leather factories: 6 musical instrument factories: 1 tastor 
oil factory : « oil, h,r<l. an.l stearine factories; 3 Imseed o, 
mills; 7-.' paint an,! Blazing shops; Opaperm.ls: 14 patent 
mcdieine factories: 7 plane factories; 1 plamng machmc 
factory; 6 platform scale factories: 6 plow factories 10 
plumbing shops: 14 potteries; 33 pork, beef "-"l l'"'"- 
curing factories (employing 2.m hands, ami proaacng 
an,luallv*5,TCO,001.); l'^ publishing houses: « ^-'Wl"'". 
25 sash; blind, etc., factories: 22 sausage factories; lo saw 
mills; 2 saw factories: 6 sheeting, etc., factories; 15 shirt 
and stock factories; 88 soap and candle f'"'^'"''''^ = J »'™";- 
boat building yards; 8 stereotype f™"''---"" ' ^J/'"X- 
cutting vards: 36 stone mason yards: 9. tailor estabhsh- 
mel; 30 tanneries: 62 tobacco, cigar, and snuff factories 
SOturm-rs-shops: 2.ype founderie, ; 26 vinegar factories, 
42 wagon factories: 40 wine manufactories; 5 «ir. -work- 
in. eslablishmi.nts: 33 whisky distilleries, etc. I here are 
ISO several industries pursued, and the total mimber of al 
manufacturing and industrial establishments ™ ''^f^J^; 
about 3.400. The tot.al number of h"-"'' ™p'»>"'' ="''"" 
82,850, and the annual value of products, J*^'""":'""- 

There are few cities of the ITnion so well furnished with 
facilities of locomotion. It has one of the finest rivers 
n he worid fronting it, and railrotids and canals stret* 
1 in every direction for thousands of miles. '1 hcso form 
U great avenues of commerce. The Miam, Canal, and 
the Ohio division of the Wabash and Erie Canal, con- 
nect ihe Ohio r. and Lake Erie, a distance of 2r,l m. The 
principal completed railroads are, the I.i.tle Miami K. I.. 
Und \l conneelions to Cleveland, 255 m. : the Cincinnati, 
Hamilton, an.l Dayton, and its connections to Sandusky, 
018 m • the Cincinnati an.l Ilillsboro' R. R. to I'arkcrs- 
burg 1T9 m. (now open to llillsboro- GO m.) : and a number 
of others completed, in .progress, and projected, passing to 
even- part of the State, and into all the neighboring btates, ] 
and "connecting Cincinnati wilh all the principal cities of 
the lakes, the sea-board, and the West and South Cincm. 
nati in fact, is the chief centre of the railroad system of he 
West. It b.a.s direct railroad connection with every lake- 
port from Chicago to Niagara; with Albany, Boston, I«ew 
Vork Phila.lelphia, and Baltimore, and will soon have 
communication with CharlesKm, Sav.innah, Mobile, J. ew 
Oricans, and St. Louis. Railroads are being <'»'«""■': '•;'™ 
all these directions, and when completed will build ,ip 
Cincinnati, and make it a competitor for the wealth of 
commerce second to no other city of the worid It has 
.already had the foretaste of its future, and is now stretcbmg 
out its arms to gather in the vast, illimitable wxalth with 
which nature has surrounded it. It has also telegraphs, 
Bivin.' it instantaneous communication with every large 
Sty fmm Maine to Florida, and from the AUanti c to beyond 

"'The^irLde is commensurate with the vast in^mal 
trade centering at this point, and with the mamifaelurmg 
u is. y of 11.C city. It is carried on chiefly in steamboats 
p irLnee to PiUsburg and New Orieaus, and the places 
fn rmcdiatc. Its steamers also penetrate "» < -^ J-" 
rivers of the West-the tributaries of the S-"' ;'''; "J^ 
waters, The arrival of sleamboats, in the year ending 31st 
Aug., 1S50, numbered 8,698; of these 288 were from New 
Orleans, 658 from Pittsburg, 214 from St. Louis, and 2,o38 
from other p.>rls; an.l the departures amounted to 3,.9S 
"which 249 were for New Orieaus, Mi for ntlsburg, 22 

rs" Louis, and 2,274 for other porU,. For the detailed 

statistics of the commerce of the VO'UJorny-^-'/^^' 

named, the reader is referred to IM's Merchants if.a- 

S^, for Oct., 1S5I. The shipping owned withm the 

123 



district of Cincinnati, in 1S50, w.as 17,181 tons, of whlcb 
16,906 were navigated by steam-power. 

The city is governed by a may..r, recorder, and 8 co tn- 
cilors for each of the war.ls into which it is divided. It l.a» 
a separate judiciary, and also a commercial «-/'; fP^"" ^ 
instituted to try causes arising between -"chants The 
amount of taxes collected for •^^yf^^^^ Xr'^J^rl^ 
ending 20th March, 1-51, w.as »4:J3,34o, viz.: for general 
nu,L $130,172 ; for interest on debt,*(>C,S&5 ; for House 
of ge! »>,;i,079: f.,r Po.>r-hou.«, »;.1,268; for suppor 
! watch, i40,053 ; for support of common f t;"""' »'' f !' ' 
and col, red eh..ols, $2,664. The debt of the cily at the 
si^c period, w.., »1.S40,000, and the value of .ts property 

"■^r n^er'^'periodiea, press of Cincinnati eon- 
sislof 8 daUy papers, all of which issue weekly editions 
::d one a tri-w'ekly edition; of 22 weekly pi,.crs: 
semi-monthlv, and 14 monthly periodicals. Ihe daU 
vZr. are the "C. Gazette" (whig), the ■' C. Commercial" 
fin^-p-1., the "C. Enquirer- (dem.), the "Chroniele and 
Sas" (whig), the "C. Times" (indep't.) the "Dispatch 
id D.™ocrar (dem.), the " Democratic J"""'"'" C"^"^; 
and the "Nonpareil." These circulate a w-eckly aver.ige 
0^2 000 to 22 000 copies each. The v^eeHy paper, are 
"c t's Weekly Advertiser" (commercial), the " r.etoria 

Ad eriiser," the ■• Columbian" C«t-). t'''-;/',f-^f ■"!"« 
(commercial), the "Western Police Gaz.tte," " L'fe " ^^ »- 
cinnati," the '• Screw-Driver," the " Warning Bell" (flrc- 
man-s) the " rroclamati.m Reformer," the ■• I ■■"-'■t.c A. 1- 
" cate " the " Star of the WesV the " Presbyterian of he 
West" the "Journal an.l Messenger" (relig.), the "Souths 
Friend" the " Cathohc Telegraph," the " Christian Age, 
L" Western Christian Advocate," "- " ^l;'-;'- ^P'; ;;; 
gist," the " Western Fountain" (temperance 'be a"';-^ 
Christian Herald," the " Wdhrecfs Freund" (Germ. , ho 
^Per Deutshe R.^publikaner" (Germ.), the '; Demoeraticd,^ 
Woehenblatt" (Genn.), and the " Volksblatt" (Germ.) The 
" S, . ay School Advocate" is published ^^-'ito^W^i/. 
The vw»m,j perMimU are, the "Ladies' rve,K,s,torj 
Te .' Templ.'r-s%ag.azine," the " Counterfeit Detector " 
1 "Masonic Review," the "Western t-"™'='' C,"'^!'; • ^^^^ 
"Deutid Register," the " Law Journal," the "'^'ns' ' (">" 
' erly"') the "Congress Hall," the "School Friend" (e.lu- 
cali the "Kciectlc Medical Journal," the "Golden 
MC ■ the "United Presbyterian," and " Goodman;s Coun- 
ts rfeit Detector." Thus it would appear that polities, re- 
ligion, science, literature, etc.. have their special advoealLS, 
and that all the great interest of the people has. a spec.a 
organ to herald th.^ir peculiarities to the wori.l. Many of 
the above are conducted with great et.ergy and talent, and 
have a circulation beyond their own locality. 

At a short .listance from the city, on the bills, in its back 
ground, are two beaulifnl viUages, Mount Auburn and ^^ al- 
nut Hills, which are mostly occupied '^'^'^'fl '''''' l\ 
persons doing business in Cincinnati. Walnut Hills is he 
seatofLaneSeminary, a theological institubon uiidcrthe 
New School Presbyterians. Four miles N. W. of the city, 
are two fine cemeteries-" Spring Grove Cemetery," c.n- 
tainin- about 100 acres; and the " W^leyan Cemetery 
containing about 40 acres. Both are beautifully located, 
and have been greatly improved. For miles about Cincin- 
nati the cultivation of the grape, for which the sod and 
climate are well adapted, i.s carried on extensively, and the 
vineyards form, perhaps, the most delightful portions of 
the scenery. The wine here produced is said to be equal 
to the wines of France, in flavor ami body, and are now 
manufactured for commerce. 

CiNciNN-vTi, p. v., Ralls CO., Mo. : on the N. bank of Salt 
r., 78 in. N. N. F.. Jeff.-rson City. 

CiscissATi, p. v.. Walker co., Te!r.: on the S. W. side 
of Trinity r., 172 m. E. by N. Austin City. 

Ciscis.SATt:s, t an.l p. v., Cortland CO., K Y. : on Ol- 
selic r., lOS m. W. Albany. The village is a thrivnng 



CIN 



CLA 



witlcmcnL, an'l has several mills, tanneries, etc. Pop. 

C1NNAMIN60N, p. v., Burlington co., X. Jer. 

CiRCLETii.LE, p. v., and cap. Loudon co., Virg. : 112 m. 
N. Richmond. 

Cir.ci.EviLLE, t.. p. r., and cap. Pickaway co., Ohw : on 
the E. bninch of the Scioto r., 26 m. S. by K. Cohimbua. 
The viltiige occupies the site of ancient fortifications, and 
hns a fine fertile neighborhood. Its streets are laid out at 
right angles, and it has several circular and triangular areas 
devoted to public uses. The principal buildings are a liand- 
eome court-house, of brick, and in form otlagonal, the 
niarket-houee, the public offices, several handsome church 
edifices and school-houses, and the buildings belonging to 
the Ohio Canal, which passes through the village, and at 
this point crosses tho river by a fine aqueduct. The rail- 
road from Cincinnati to Wheeling also intersects it Four 
periodicals are published here — the "C. Herald" (whig), 
Uie "C. AVatehman"' (dem.), the '-Keligious Tdescnpe." 
and " IJusy Martha" (religious.) In the village a consider- 
able manufacturing business is engaged in, and the tow!i 
has several furnaces, tanneries, etc. As a commercial de- 
p6t it occupies a place second to none of the interior towns, 
and its progress is onward. Pop. of v. 3,411. — of t. 3,S42. 

CiRci.EViLLE, p. v., Tazewell CO., lU. : 4? m. N. Springfield. 

CiTico. p. o., Monroe co., Tenii.: on Citico cr., lOG m. 
E. P. E. Nashville. 

City, p. o., Puehess co., K Y. : 62 m. S. by E. Albany. 

City island, X. Y.: an island lu the East r., in the town 
of Pelhrmi, Westchester County. It is 2 m. long and about 
a mile wide. 

City Point, p. v. and port, Prince George co., T7rj7. ; on 
the S. side of James r., on a point formed by tlie confluence 
of Appomattox r., 19 m. S. E. Kiehmond. James r. is nav- 
igable for largo ships to this point, which is the port of 
Petersburg, with wliich city it is connecte<i by a railroad 
10 m. long. Several lines of steam packets sail between 
this and New York, touching at Norfolk, etc. 

Clackamas county, Oreg. Situate centrally, and con- 
tains 141,000 sq. m., but this area comprises a large unoccu- 
pied territory eastward. The county proper is of much less 
extent, and lies S. of Columbia r.. and E. of Willamette r. 
It is drninerl by Sandy r. of the Columbia, and the Clacka- 
mxsanil other tributaries of the Willamette r. The surface 
is generally level, and the soils of extraordinary fertility, 
covered with dense forests. Coal and iron exist in abund- 
ance, and builtling material is plentiful. Farms 150 ; 
manuf. 13; dwell. 363, and pop.— wh. 1,S36, fr. col. 23— 
total 1,S59. 0<ipit<il: Oregon City. 

Claiboene parish, La. Situate N. W., and contains 
l.OSO sq. m. Drained E. by the forks of Bayou D'Arbnne, 
W. and S. W. by creeks of the Bayou Dorchoat ami Black 
Lake cr. Surface varied, but generally level or nulling. 
Most of the parish consists of light pine land, but on the 
streams there are hard woods, and the soils are of good qual- 
ity, suitable for cotton. Farms 554; manuf. 3; dwell. S42, 
anil pep.— wh. 4,949, fr. col. 0, si. 2,522— total 7,471. Cajfi- 
tai : Homer. 

Claiborne county, J/iss. Situate S. W., on Mississippi 
r., and contains 4s0 sq. m. Black r. washes ita N. line, and 
it is drained chiefly by Bayou Pierre, and branches. Sur- 
face varied and uneven, and back from the streams the soils 
are light and sterile. Cotton and Indian com arc the chief 
products. Farms 310; manuf. 19; dwell, G59, and pop, — 
wh. ?,M% fr. col. 42, al. 11,450— total 14.941. CapiUil : 
Port Gibson. Puhlic Works: Grand Gulf R. P. 

Ci.AiBonNE county, Tenn. Situate between Clinch r. and 
the N. line of the State, and contains 5^0 sq. m. Brained 
by Powell's r. and numerous creeks of Clinch r. Mountain 
prevails in the N. and N. W., but the surface in other parts 
is pleasantly varied, and has extensive valleys. Iron is 
abundant. The principal agricultural products are com, 
wheat, and oats, also pork. Famis 944 ; manuf. 24 ; dwell. 

9 



1,425, and pop.— wh. 3,609, fr. col. 100, si. 600— total 9,869. 
Cupital : Tazewell. 

Ci.AinoRNE, p. v., and cap. Monroe co., Ala.: on the K. 
side of Alabama r., at the head of schooner navigation, 90 
m. ft. W. Montgomery. 

CLAiBOEr^K, p. v., Jasper «a, Miss.: 72 m. E. S. E. 
Jockson. 

Claidornestille, p. v., Yazoo co., Miss. : on a cr. of Big 
Black r., 29 m. N. W. Jackson. 

Claieville, p. v., Winnebago co., Wise. : 88 m. N. E. by 
N. Madison. 

Ci.Ai'PS, p. o., Guilford co.. N. Car. : 73 m. W. N. W. 
Ualeigh. 

Clapfville, p. v., Worcester co., Mnss. : on the N. sldo 
of Westfleld r., and on tlie line of the Western E. P.., 9 
m. W. from Worcester and 53 ra. W. by S. Boston. 

Ci.Ar.A, t. and p. o.. Potter co., renn.: 132 m. N. W. 
Harrisburg. 

Clare county, JfiV/i. Situate centrally on Lower Penin- 
sula, and contains 576 sq. m. Erected since ISoO. 

Claremost, t. and p. v.. SulliT.'in vix. jY- D^imp.: on tho 
E. side of Coimecticut r.. 40 m. W. by N. Concord. Irou 
and limestone are found m the town, and tin.* %illage on 
Sugar er. has several manufactures ; and a newspaper, the 
"National Eagle" (whig), is issued weekl>. The town ia 
connected with Concord by railroad. Pop. 3,606. 

Claremont, p. v., Pickens co., S. Car. ; 121 m. N. W 
Columbus. 

Clarence, t. and p. v., Erie co., A' 3'. ; on the S. of Ton- 
awanda cr, 244 in. W. Albany. Tho Canandaigua and 
Niagara Falls li. K. passes through the town. Pop. 2,727, 

Clarence, p. v., Greene co., IHsc. ; 43 m. S. by W. 
Madison. 

CLAiiENrii:, t. and p. o., Calhoun co., Mich.: 2S ra, 
S. by W. Lansing. Numerous lakelets are found in tliis 
town, and are the sources of streams flowing S. toward tho 
Kalamazoo r. and N. toward Black r. Pop. 4S3. 

Clarence Centre, p. o., Erie co., Ji. Y : 242 m. W. 
Albany. 

Clarendon, p. v., Monroe co., Ark. : on the E. bank of 
White r., where it ia formed by Cach6 r., 56 ra. E. Little 
Poek. 

Clarenpon, t. aod p. v., Calhoun co., Mich.: on St. Jo 
seph's r., 44 m. S. by W. Lansing. The village lies on the 
N. bank of the river. Pop. 669, 

Clarend^-'N. t. and p. v.. Orleans co., X. Y.: 2IS m. 
W. by N. Albany, The village contains about 250 inhabit- 
ants. I'op. 1,S09- 

Clarendon, p. v., Sumter dist., S. Cor, 

Cr-ARENi'ON. t. and p. v.. Pulland co., Verm.: on Oiler 
cr., 53 m. S. by W. Montpelier. The village lies on th© 
Putland and Burlington R. P.. 6 m. S. Eulland, and the 
Western Vennont K. R. also passes through the town, 46 
m. from North Bennington. Agriculture is the chief em- 
ployment of the inhabitants. Pop. 147. 

Clarendon Springs, p. v., Putland co., V^rm. : 55 m. 
S. by W. Montpelier. Here is a chalybeate spring, contain- 
ing also corbonate of lime, which is resorted to by invalids 
for its medicinal properties. 

Claridon, t. and p. v., Geauga co., Ohio: on Cuyahoga 
r., 146 m. N. E. Columbus. Pop. 1,006. 

Clarion county. Penn. Situate N. W. centrally, and 
contains 5S0 sq. m. Drained by Clarion and Toby's rivers 
and creeks of Alleghany r. and Ped Bank r., the former of 
which washes its S. W. and the latter its S. borders. The 
N. jiart of the eo. is rough and uneven ; in the 9. the sur- 
face is moderately undulating and fertile, with abundance 
of timber. It contains large deposits of iron ore, wliich are 
extensively worked. Farms 1,725 ; manuf. 246 ; dwell. 
4,003. and pop.— wh. 23,448, fr. col. 117— total 23,565. Cup- 
ital : Clarion. 

Clarion, t^ p y., and cap. Clarion co., Penn.: on the 
8. E. aide of Clarion r., 162 m. W. N. W. Harrisburg. Tho 

129 



CLA 



Tillage is situate an the Susquehanna and Waterfc^rd turn- 
pike. 1 m. E. of the river. Its site, previous to 11>40, was 
covered willi pine woods; it is now one of the most im- 
portant places of the interior, and has a population of al:)OUt 
1,200 inhabitants. Two newspapers are published in the 
town, the " C. Register" (whig), and the " C. Democrat"— 
both weekly. 

Claeiox, p. v., Grundy co., lU.: 126 ro. N. N. E. 
Springfield. 

Clarion river (or Great Toby's cr.), Penn. : an afHuent 
of Alleghany r., from the N. E., and about 70 m. long. It 
is navigable for boats for 50 or 60 m., but is principally used 
to float down timber to Pittsburg, etc. 

Clark, p. o., Mercer eo., Penn.: 204 m. W. N. W. 
Harrisburg. 

Clarke county, Ala. Situate S. W., between the Alaba- 
ma and Tombigbee rivers, and contains 1,383 sq. m. The 
interior is drained by a large number of creeks falling into 
the border rivers. Surface uneven, but generally low. 
Soils indifferent, except on the streams, and there the lands 
•ire frequently inundated. Cotton and com are the princi- 
pal agricultural products. Farms 450; manuf. 16: dwell. 
878, and pop.— wh. 4,901, fr. col. 9, si. 4,S7G— total 9,7S6. 
Capital : Clarksville. 

Clarke county, Ark. Situate S. W. centrsiUy, and con- 
tains 6S4 sq. m. Drained by Washita r., which runs on its 
E. border, and Its numerous tributaries — one, the Little Mis- 
oouri r, forming its S. and W. Ixirders. The surface is 
Lilly and broken, and the soils, except on the margins of 
the streams, sterile. The chief products are cotton and 
Indian com. Farms 362 ; manuf. 2 ; dwell. N37, and pop.— 
\rh. 3,113, fr. col. 7, si. S75— total 3,995. Capital: Arkadel- 
phia. 

Clarke county, Ga. Situate N. centrally, and contains 
414 sq. m. Drained by tlie tributaries of Oeonee r., which 
traverse it from N. to S. Surface elevated and undulating. 
Boils fertile, producing cotton, Indian corn, wheat, etc., 
abundantly. Farms 400 ; manuf. 55 ; dwell. 1.024, and pop. 
— wh. 5,615, fr. col. 15, si. 6,589— total 11,119. Capital: 
Athens. PuUic H'wij ; Athens Branch of Georgia K. E., 
extending from Union Point, 40 m. 

Clarke county. III. Situate E., and contains 46S sq. m. 
Drained by Embarras r. and tributaries of Wabash r., which 
forms its E. border. Surface chiefly rolling prairie — in the 
E. somewhat hilly and broken. Soils fertile. Farms 6:36 ; 
manuf. 14; dwell. 1,621, and pop.— wh. 9.494, fr. eol. 3S— 
total 9,582. Capital : Marshall. PMio Worts : Tcrre 
Haute and Alton E. P.. 

Clarke county, Iiul. Situate on Ohio r., and contains 
400 sq. m. Surface usually rolling, but nowhere hilly, ex- 
cept the Ohio bluffs, and the chain of " Knobs" on tlie ^Y. 
and N. W. borders. Silver cr. and Fourteen Mile cr., 
with some lesser streams, drain the soils, which are chiefly 
calcareous, and very productive. In the N. part of the co. 
are some wet lands, which are more fit for grasses than the 
cereals. Farms 1,048 ; manuf. 83 ; dwell. 2,757, and pop.— 
wh. 16,246, fr. eoL &52— total 16,S28. Capital : Charlestown. 
The .Jeffersonville and Columbus K. K., and the Xcw Albany 
a-Dd Salem P.. K. traverse the county. 

Clarke county, la. Situate S., and contains 432 sq. m. 
Drained by the head waters of Chariton r., and numerous 
tributaries of Des Moines r., of which 'White Breast cr.. 
Otter cr.. Squaw cr., and South r. are the principal. The 
8.W. corner is drained by the head waters of Crooked Fork 
of Grand r. Surface elevated, and in the middle of tlie co. 
forms the watershed between Des Moines and Grand rivers. 
Boils fertile and deep. Farms — ; manuf. — ; dwell. 14, 

and pop.— wh. 79, fr. col. 0— total 79. Capital : . 

Clarke county, K'j. Situate E. centrally, and contains 
812 sq. m. Drained by Upper and Lower Howard creeks, 
and Three Mile cr., tributaries of Kentucky r., which forms 
the S. line of the co. Surface generally level, and soils 
good, producing largely Indian'corn, hemp, and tobacco, 
ISO 



CLA 

and immense numbers of live-stock are kept by the farm- 
ers. Farms 792; manuf. 17; dwell. I,3fv4, and pop.-wh. 
7.109, fr. col. 134, si. 4.840— toUd Vi.6iS. Cajntal: Wni- 
cbester. PMic Worku: KnoxviUc and Cincinnati U. U. 

Clarke county. Miss. Situate S. E., on the Alabama 
Slate line, and contains 756 sq. m. Drained by the Cliicka- 
sawha and its numerous tributaries ; it has immense water- 
power. Surface generiilly level, and the soils of average 
forlililv, with much that is the best, producing aitt<in and 
corn abundantly, with some rice. Farms 500 ; manuf. 7 ; 
dwell. 631, and pop.-wh. 8,828, !r. col. 6, si. l,64S-total 
5,497. Capital: Quitman. PuUic Work^: Mobile and 
Ohio R. E. 

Ci.AEKB county, Mo. Situate N. E., and contains o20 
sq. m. It is bounded on the E. by the Mississippi r., and on 
the N. E. by the Des Moines, an^ is drained chiefly by Fox 
and Wyaeonda rivers and their tributaries. Surface mod- 
erately uneven, and covered partially with timlier. Soils 
fertile. Farms 425; manuf. 12; dwell. 805, and pop.-wh- 
6,|J13, fr. col. 10, si. 604— total 5,627. Capital : Waterloo. 

Clarke county, Ohio. Situate toward S. W., and contains 
412 sq. m. Drained by Mad r., Beaver cr., and Bucks cr., 
which afford extensive hydraulic power. Surface somewhat 
uneven. Soils fertile and well cultivated. Wheat, Indian 
corn, and oats are the staple gram crops. Cattle and sheep 
are raised in large numbers. Farms 1,.39S; manuf. 156; 
dwell. 3,75.3, and pop.-wh. 21,855, fr. eol. 823-total 22,178. 
: Capital : Springfield. Public Marks : Mad Kiver and 
Lake Erie It. E^; LitUe Miami E. E. ; Springfield, Mount 
Vernon, and Pitlsburg E. E. ; Ohio Central E. E., etc. 

Clarke county, Oreg. Situate on the X. E. side of tha 
Columbia r., and contains 40,000 sq. m. Cowlitz r. bounds 
it on the N. W., and receives, with the Columbia, the drain- 
age of the CO. by a number of large streams. There are 
several isolated peaks in the Co., as Mount St. Helens, and 
Cape Horn, the latter on the N. bank of Columbia r. ; tho 
surface, otherwise, is beautifully diversified, well wooded, 
and has fine soils. There are several small lakes near its 
W. border. F.'irms 7 ; manuf 4 ; dwell. 95, and pop.-wh. 
592, fr. col. 61— total 64.3. Capital: Columbia City. 

Clarke county, Virg. Situate N. E., and contains 230 
sq. m. Drained by Opequan r. and tributaries of Shenan- 
doah, which runs centrally tlirough it. The surface is 
uneven, and on the E. mountainous, the Blue Eidgc form- 
ing its E. border. Soils of good quality, producing wheat, 
corn, and oats largely. The mountain region forms excel- 
lent pasture for sheep and cattle. Farms 271 ; manuf. 45 ; 
dwell. 636, and pop.-wh. 3,615, fr. col. 128, si. 8,614— total 
7,.352. Capital: Berry villc. 

Claeks, t. and p. o., Coshocton Co., Oliio: on Whito 
Woman's r., 62 m. N. E. Columbus. Pop. 8.33. 

CLARKSBOBOUGn, p. v., Glouccstcr CO., A'. Jer. : 37 m. 
S. S. W. Trenton. Chiefly inhabited by the Quakers. 

Clarksburou, p. v., Decatur CO., I'ul. : 48 m. E. S. E. 
Indianapolis. 

CLARKscDEGn, p. V., Rud Cap. Lcwls CO., Jy. ; on Salt 
Lick cr., 4 m. 8. of tho Ohio r., and 91 m. E. N. E. 
Frankfort. 

CLARKSBUEGn, p. T., Indiana co., Penn. : 126 m. W. by N. 
Harrisburg. 

CLAKKSBtrRGH, p. V., Montgomery Co., M<!. : on the E. 
side of Little Seneca cr., 62 m. W. N. W. Annapolis. 

Clakksbuegh, p. T., Eric co., i^. T. : 256 m. W. Al- 
bany. 

CLARKSBLTion, p. V., Monmouth eo., JV. Jer. : 16 m. E. 
Trenton. 

CLARKSBURGn, p. V., Eoss CO., OAio .- on tho N. lino of 
county, 35 m. S. by W. Columbus. 

CLARKSBURGn, p. V., and cap. Harrison co., Virg. : on 
Monongahela r., 192 m. K. W. liichmond. It is a thriving 
village, has two newspapers, the " Harrison Eepublican" 
(whig), and the " C. Dem<^crat." imhlished weekly, and will 
shortly havo great commercial faeiUtics by the North-west- 



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em 11. i;., which will pass through or near it Pop. about 
1,200. 

Clark's Corners, p. c, Ashtabula co., Ohio: 162 m. 
N. K. Columbus. Pop. 1,454. 

Clark's Factory, p. o., Delaware co., JSI Y. : 67 m. S.W. 
Albany. 

CLARKsriEi-D, t and p. v., ITuron co., Ohia: on Vermil- 
lion r., SS m. N. by E. Columbus. 

Clark's Fork, p. c, York dist., S- Car.: 63 m, N. 
Columbia. 

Clark's Fork, p. o., Cooper co., Mo.: on Clark's Fork 
of Little Saline r., a tributary of the Missouri^ 34 m. W.N.W. 
Jefferson City. 

Clark's Green, p. o., Luzerne co., Penn. 

Clark's Mills, p. c, Moore co.. N. Car. : on Lumber r., 
61 m. S. W. Kaleigh. 

Clark's Mu-ls, p. o., Hempstead co., Ark. : 118 m. S.W. 
Little Hock. 

Clark's Mn.LS, p. o., Washington co., Ttrg. : 252 m. 
■W. S. W. Richmond. 

Clark's Kiver, p. o., Callaway co., Ky. : on the r. so 
called, 216 m. S. ^\. Frankfort. 

Clarkson, t. and p. t., Monroe co., K. Y. : on the S. side 
of Lake Ontario, and drained by Salmon and Sandy creeks, 
210 m. W. by N. Albany. The v. situate on the Ridge 
Eoad, has several manufactures. Pop. oft. 4,556. 

Clarkson, p. v., Columbiana co., Ohio: 123 m. N. E. 
Columbus. 

Clarkson Centre, p. v., Monroe co., K. Y,: 213 m. 
W. by N. Albany. 

Clarkston, p. v., Oakland co., Mich.: on a small lake 
forming one of the sources of the N. branch of Rouge r., 59 
m. K. Lansing. 

Clarkstown, t., p. v., and cap. Rockland co., ^ )'. ; on 
the W. side of Hudson r., 102 m. S. Albany. The t. cinlains 
a small lako (called Rockland Lake, so famous for its ice), 
which empties into llackensaek r. New City is the name 
of Iho village in which the co. buildings are located. Pop. 
3,111. 

Clarkstille, p. v., and cap. Clarke co., Ahr. : on the N. 
of Jackson's cr. of Tombigbee r., 96 m. S.W. Montgomcrj*. 

Clarksville, p. v., and cap. Johnson co., Ark. : on a 
cr. of the Arkansas, 3 m. N. of that r., and S4 m. N. W. 
Little Rock. Pop. 30?. 

Clarkstille, p. v., and cap. Habersham co., Ga.: on 
Tugaloe r., a trilmtary of the Savannah, 113 m. N. Milledge- 
^ille. It is a v. of some 502 inhabitants. 

Clarksville, p. v., Anne Arundel co., Md. : 37 m. N.W. 
Annapolis. 

Clarksville, p. v., Pike co.. Mo. : on the W. bank of the 
Mississippi r., 8S m. N. E. Jefferson City. 

Clarksville. p. v., Hunterdon co., 2^. Jer.: on Spruce 
Run, at the E. base of Musconetcong Mountain, 42 m. N. by 
W. Trenton. Iron and other ores are found in the whole 
district The New Jersey Central R. R. passes through the 
T., 47 m. from Elizabeth port, and 17 from Easton. 

Clarksville, p. v., Albany co., N. Y.: 6 ra. W. by 8. 
Albany. 

Clarksville, p. v., Clinton co., Ohio: on Todd's cr. of 
the Little Miami r., G3 m. S. W. Columbus. It is a consid- 
erable v., and lies on the railroad route from Cincinnati to 
Zanes\ille. 

Clarksville, p. v., Greene co., Peini,: at the junction 
of the N. and S. forks of Ten Mile cr. of the Monongahela 
r., 16S m. W. by S. Ilarrisburg. 

Clarksville. p. v., and cap. Montgomerj- co., 7en?i. ; on 
the N. side of Cuniberhmd r.. at the mouth of Red r.. 40 m. 
N. W. Nashville. It is a large and important v., and has a 
large trade. There are put>lished here the *' Jeffer.sonian" 
(dcm.\ the " C. CIrronicIc" (whig), and the " Ledger" 
(whig), weekly, and the ''Monthly Visitor" (Ht^^rary). The 
E. II. from Nashville to Henderson, will pass through 
ClarUsville. 



Clarksville, p. v.. and cap. Red River co., Tea:: 836 
m. N. E. Austin City. 

Clarksville, p. v., Mechlenburg co., Virg.: on the S. 
side of Dan r., 92 m. S. W. Ricbmond. 

Clarksville, p. v., Spartanburg disL, S. Car. : 73 m. 
N. N. W. Columbia. 

Ci^RKSviLLE, p. v., Hamilton co., Ind. : 24 m. N. by E. 
Indianapolis. 

Clarksville, v., Clarke co., //ii7.: on the N. b.Tnk nf the 
Ohio r., aliout cqui-distant between New Alliany and JefFer- 
sonville, 100 m. S. by E. Indianapolis. Once a thriving 
village, Clarksville has been supi)lauted in business by Us 
more enterprising neiglibors. 

Clarysville, p v., Sullivan co., y. Y.: 00 m. S. S. W, 
Albany. 

Clatsop county, Orfg. Situate on the Pacific, imme- 
diately S.of Columbia r., and contains 6.000 s^i-ni. Drained 
S. by Killamook r.. flowing to the ocean, and the Tuahdin 
r., a tributary of AVillametle r., and in the N. W. l.y tribu- 
taries of the Columbia r. The surface is generally rolling, 
but barely wooded. Coal has been found in sevi-ral parts. 
Farms 24; manuf. 2; dwell. 91. and pop.— vvh. 45*, fr. coL 
4— total 462. Capital : Astoria. 

Claubelville, p. v., Monroe co., Ala. : S6 m. S.W. Mont- 
gomery. 

Claussvillk, p. v., Lehigh co., Penn.r 69 m. E. N. E. 
Ilarrisburg. 

Claverack, t. and p. v., Columbia co.. X. Y. : on Clav- 
crack cr., 31 m. S. by E. Albany. The v. is almut 4 m. K. 
of Hudson City, and is intersected by the Hudson and 
Berkshire R. R. The Harlem Extension R. R. also traverses 
the t. in its E. part. Poji. 3.20S. 

Claverack river, X. Y: rises in Columbia co., and runs 
into Kinderhook cr., near its mouth. It is a go'.nl mill- 
stream. 

Clay coimty, III Situate S. centrally, and contains 4fiS 
iq. m. iJrained by tributaries of Little Wabash r. Surface 
level prairie, and soils fertile — wood along the streams. 
Farms 2^57; manuf. 6; dwell. 715, and pop. — wh. 4,268, fr. 
col. 21— total 4,2S9. Cipital: Maysville. Puhlic Works: 
Cincinnati and St, Louis R. R. 

Clay county, Ind. Situate W., and contains 3G0 sq. m. 
Eel r. and its tributaries drain the lands. Surface generally 
level. Soils good, and timber abundanL In tlie S. W. are 
some boautifid prairies. Coal and iron are found in all 
parts. Farms S29; manuf. 10; dwell. 1,3.6, and pop. — 
wh. 7.926, 1'r, col. IS— total 7,944. Capital : Bowling Green. 
Puhlic iro;*^-^ ; Terre Haute and Richmond R. R., and 
Wabash and Erie Canal. 

Clay county, la. Situate N. W,, and contains 576 sq. m. 
Taken from Pottowaltomee co. in 1S51. 

Clay county, Ay. Situate S. E..and contains 8S0 sq. m. 
Drained by Sturgeon, Sexton's, Goose, Red Bird, and other 
creeks of the S. fork of Kentucky r. Surface gi-nerally 
undulating. Soils of average fertility. Salt springs and 
bituminous coal contribute much to the wealth of the county. 
Farms 511 ; manuf 11 ; dwell, 7S2, and pop.— wh. 4,739, fr. 
col. 1G7, si. 515— total 5,421. Capitol : Manchester. 

Clay county, Mo. Situate N. W„ and contains 4^12 sq. m. 
Drained by Smith's Fork of Platte r., and by Fiahing and 
other creeks of Missouri r., which bounds the co. on the 
S. Surface undulating, and soils of the most fertile descrii>- 
tion. Tiie products are Indian corn, oats, an<l lobaccrt. 
Farms 944: nianuC 42; dwell. 1,352, and pop.— wh. 7.5S5, 
fr. col. 5, si. 2.742— tutal 10.8;12. Capital: Liberty. 

Clay, p. v., Yancey co., K Car. : 204 m. W. Ra- 
leish. 

Clat, p. v., La Salle co., III. : 129 m. N. N. E. Ppring- 
field. 

Clay, t. and p. o., Onondaga co.. X. Y. : on the E. side 
of Oswego r., 12S m. W. by N. Albany. The Oneida and 
Seneca rivers unite in this t., forming Oswego r. The p. o. 
is located in the v. of Belgium. Pop. oft. 3,402. 

131 



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Clay, p. t., St. Clnir co,, Mo. : 93 m. W. S. W. Jefferson 
City. 

Clat, p. v., Washington co., la.: 36 ra. S. by W. Iowa 
City. 

Clay Hill, p. o., Marengo co., Ala.: 89 m. E. Mont- 
gomery. 

Clay Hill, p. o., Tork disl., S. Car. : 66 ra. N. Co- 
lumbia. 

Clay Lick, p. o., Owen co., Kt/. : 25 m. N. Frankfort. 

Clay Pool, p. t., Kosciusko vo., Ind. : on a small lake 
which forms tlie head of a tributary of Tippecanoe r.,90 m. 
N. by E. Indianapolis. 

Claysville, p. v., Marshall co., Ala. : on the N. side of 
the Tennessee r., 126 m. N. Montgomery. The r. at this 
point has its extreme S. bend. 

Claysville, p. v., Boone co., J/b. : 2S m. N. by W. 
Jefferson City. 

Claysvillk, p. T., Washington co., Ind. : on Lost or., 76 
m. 6. by W. Indianapolis. 

Claysville, p. v., Harrison co., A'y. ; on the W. side of 
Licking r, 4S m. N. E. Frankfort. 

Claysville, p. v., Washington co., Penn. : 187 m. W. 
Harrisburg. 

Claysville, p. v., Wood co., Yirg.: 240 m. W. N. W. 
Bichmond. 

Claysville, p. v., Guernsey co., Ohio: in tho 3. W. part 
of the CO., 68 m. E. Columbus. 

Clayton county, la. Situate W, of Mississippi r., in the 
N. E.. and contains 75S sq. m. Drained chiefly by Turkey 
cr. and its tributaries. Surface elevated, undulating, and 
about equally divided between prairie and woodland. 
Soils of exhaustless fertility. Farms 200 ; manuf. 12 ; dwell. 
72S, and pop.— wh. 3,S71, fr. col. 2— total 3,ST3. Capital : 
GamavUlo. 

Clayton, p. v.. and cap. Barbour co., Ala. : on the high 
land forming the watershed between Pea r. and Ciiatta- 
hoochee r., 60 m. S. E. Montgomery. 

Clayto.v, p. v., Berks co., Penn. : 58 m. E. N, E. Har- 
risburg. 

Clayton, p. v., and cap. Kabun co., Ga. : in a hilly 
region, at the S. base of the Blue Kldge, and about 3 m. N. 
of Tullalnh r., a tributary of the Savannah r, 122 m. N. 
Milledgeville. 

Clayton, p. v., Adams co.. III. : on the Quincy and 
Mount. Sterling road, 72 m. W. N. W. Springfield. 

Clayton, t. and p. v., Jefferson co., iV. 1'. ; on the E. side 
of St, Lawrence r., 153 m. N. W. Albany. Chaumont r. and 
French cr. drain the t The v. lies immediately on the 
banks of the St. Lawrence. Pop. 4,191. 

Clayton, p. v., Lenawee co., Mich. 

Clayton, p. v., Montgomery co., Ohio: 74 m. W. by S. 
Columbus. 

Claytona, p. T., Morgan co., Ohio : 66 m, E. S. E. 
Columbus. 

Clayton viLLE. p. v., Henderson co., y. Car. : on the W. 
aide of French Broad r., 22S m. W. S. W. Raleigh. 

Clay Village, p. v., Shelby co., A'y. ; on the Louisville 
and Frankfort post road. 12 m. W. Frankfort. 

Clayvili.e, p. v., Oneida co., N. Y.: in the 9. E. part 
of the CO., 76 m. W. N. W. Albany. 
C'layvillr, p. T., Providence co., 7i. T. 
Clear Bkanch, p. o., Washington co., Virg. : 254 ra. 
W. S. W. liichniond. 

Clear Ckef.k, p. o., Mechlenburg co., K. Car.: 122 m. 
W. S. W. linleigh. 

Clear Creek, p. o., Daviess co., Mo. : on a cr. of Grand 
r. Bo cahfd, 123 m. N. W. Jcfft-rson City. 

Clear lake. A". }' ; is one of a cluster of small lakes, lying 
in tlie t. of Alexandria, Jefferson co. 

Clear Creek, p. v., Chautauque co., K Y. : on Clear cr. 
of C'onewango cr., 273 m. W. S. W. Albany. 

Clear Creek, p. o., Greene co., Tenju : 224 m. E. Nash- 
ville. 

132 



Clbar Creek, t and p. o., Fairfield co., Ohio : 29 m. 3. by 
E. Columbus. 

Clear Creek LAsnrNG, p. o., Alex'ander co., III. : on 
Clear cr., in the N. W. part of the co., 173 m. 3. Spring- 
field. 

Clkarkield county, P^nn. Situate W. centrally, and 
contains 1,425 sq. m. Drained by numerous creeks and 
tributaries of the W. branch of Susquehanna r., which tra- 
verses the county from S. W. to N. E. With some excep- 
tions the surface is rough and the soils only moderately 
fertile. Some iron is proiiiiced. The agricultural staples 
are grain and some provisions. Farms 2,317 ; maiiuf. 122 ; 
dwell. 2,157, and pop.— wh. 12,4S2, fr. col. 104— total 12,dS6, 
Capital : Clearfield. 

Clearpield, p. v., and cap. Clearfield co., Penn. : on the 
S. side of the W. branch of Susquelianna r., 10*} m. N. W. 
Harrisburg. It is a flourishing place, and has o weekly 
newspaper, called the " Country Dollar" (dem.), which has a 
circulali(»n of 700 copies. Pop. 503. 

Clearfield Bridge, p. o., Clearfield co., Penn. : on 
Clearfield cr., 104 m. N. W. Harrisburg. Clearfield cr. is a 
considerable tributar>' of the W. branch of the Susquehanna 
r., which it joins near the v. of Clearfield. 

Clear Fork, p. o., Whitley co., Ay. ; on Clear cr. of 
Cumberland r., 123 m. S. 3. E. Frankfort. 

Clear Fork, p. o., Tazewell co., Virg. : on Clear Fork 
of Sandy r., 247 m. W. by S. Bichmond. 

Clear Fork Mii.iii, p. o., Johnson co.. Mo.: on Clear 
Fork of Black Water r., 76 m. W. Jefferson City. 

Clear Lake, p. o.. Fort Bend co., Tex.: 159 m. S. E, 
Austin City. 

Clearmont, p. v., Warren co., Tenn. : 56 m. S. E. 
Nashville. 

Clear Point, p. c, Hart co., Ky. : a5 m. S. W. Frank- 
fort. 

Clear SraiNa, p. c, Greenville dist., S. Car.: 113 m. 
N. W. Columbia. 

Clear Spring, p. o., Kosciusko co., Ttid. : 95 m. N.byE. 
Indianapolis. 

Clear Spring, p. o., Chicka.saw co., MiJiS. 

Clear Spring, p. o., Granger co., Tenn. : 1S3 m. E. 
Nashville. 

Clear Spring, p. o., Washington co., Md. : at the E. 
base of North Mountain, 73 in. N. W. Annapolis. The 
" Clear Spring Sentinel" (whig) is published at this place 
weekly. 

CiEAF^svTLLE, p. V., Bedford co., P^nti. 

Clear Water, p. o., Chippewa co., TH^f. ; on the N. 
side of L'Eau Claire cr. of tlie Chippewa r., 105 m. N. W. 
Madi.son. 

Cleaveland county. A' Car. Situate S. W., an*! con- 
tains 6-10 sq. m. Drained by tributaries of Broad r., which 
crosses the 3. W. corner of the co. ; these afford good 
water-power. Surface somewhat uneven. In the 9. E. 
corner is King's Mountain, an isolated hill, noted as the 
sccno of a famous battle. Farms 961; manuf. 13; dwell. 
1.526. and pop.— wh. 8,592, fr. col. 57, si. 1,747— total 10,396. 
Capital : Shelby. 

Cleaveland, p. v., and cap, Bradley co., 7>m7I. ; on the 
East Tennessee and Georgia K. II., 123 m. 3. E. Nashville, 
and 30 m. from Dalton. 

Cleaveland, p. v., Oswego co., y. Y. : on the N. side of 
Oneida Lake. 123 m. W. N. W. Albany. It is a busy vil- 
lage and has some manufactures. 

Clement, p. v., Hancock co., Ohio: SI m. N. N. W. 
Columbus. 

Clemmonsvii.t.e, p. 7., Davidson co., y. Car. : on the E. 
side of Yadkin r., 102 m. W. by N. Raleigh. 

Clendeni.n, p. o., Canawba co., Virg.: 238 m. W. by N. 
F.iehmond. 

Clermont county, Ohio. Situate P. W., and contains 
4-S4 sq. m. Drained by tho E. fork of Little Miami r.. and 
Stone Lick and other creeks Iributarr to it. The S. and 3. W 



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parts of the county arc drained by several creeks running; , 
to the Ohio r., which forms its borders in tliose direcliuns. { 
Along the Ohio tlie surface is hilly and broken; in other , 
piirta chiefly level, and occasionally wet; soils rich and fer- ! 
tile, and limber plentiful in the bottoms. Proilucts wheat, I 
corn, and tobacco, with pork and beef. Farms 2,u9S; 
nianuf. ITS ; dwell. 5.4S7, and pop.— wh. 30.044, fr. col. 411 
— total S0.4o5. Cdpital : B.itavia. Public Wori's: Cincin- 
nati and IliUsboro' K. II., Little Miami II, E., etc, 

Cleemont, p. v., Richland co.. III.: 114 m. S. K. Spring- 
field. 

Clermont, t and p. o., Columbia co., N. T. : on tlie W. 
of Ancrara cr., SS m, S. by K. Albany. The t. lies on the 
post road, between Albany and New York. Pop. 1,130. 

Clermont, p. v., Marion co., Jit^. : on Eagle cr., 9 m. 
"W. N. W. Indianapolis. 
Cleemont Mills, p. o., Harford co., Md. 
Clf.rmontville, p. v., M'Kcnn co., Penn. : 132 m. N.AV. 
Ilarrisburg. 

Cleveland, p. city, port of entr}', and cap. Cuyahoga co., 
Ohio: on Cuyahoga r., where it discharges into Lake Krie. 
1'2G m. N. N. E. Columbus. Lat. 41° 31' 07" N., and long. $1° 
45'5T"AV. Cleveland Is the commercial emporium of north- 
em Ohio, and second only to Cincinnati in population and 
general progress. It possesses great faeiliticB for the transit 
of goods and passengers: the Ohio Canal, extending to the 
Ohio r. at Portsmouth, S09 m., has its northern terminus 
here, and another Ciinal, branching off from it at Akron, 
connects it witli Pittsburg. It is connected with all th? 
ports of Lake Erie by the lake shore chain of railroads 
extending from Niagara Falls to Milwaukie; with Pitts- 
burg, by the Ohio and Pennsjlvania P. P., and the Cleve- 
land and Pittsburg P. P. ; and with Cincinnati by the Cleve- 
land, C-olumbus, and Cincinnati K. It. : these, uniting with 
lie various railroads running to the sea-board at Boston, 
Kew York, Philadelphia, Baltimore, etc., to the southward 
into Kentucky, Tennessee, etc., to Charleston. Savannah. 
Mobile, and New Orleans, and to the westward to and 
beyond the Mississippi r., give it access to every part of the 
settled portion of the Union, and serve as conduits of the 
vast commerce which centres at this point. And besides 
these great avenues, it has numerous plank and macadam- 
ized roads leading from it in all directions ; and ils telegraphic 
connections extend to every important city from the British 
Provinces to New Orleans, and from the Atlantic to (lie 
utmost western bounds of civilization. Regular lines of 
Btearaboats ply to Dunkirk, to Buffalo, to Detroit, U> Toledo, 
and Sandusky, and to the upper lake country. 

Cleveland is one of those great cities of the "West that 
have risen up as if by magic within the past twenty years. 
In 1S30 the phice contained less than 1,000 inhabitants ; in 
1S40 it had G,0T1, and in 1S50 its population amounted to 
17,034. It derives its name from General Moses Cleveland, 
an agent of the Connecticut Land Company, who accom- 
panied the first surveying party upon the Connecticut 
Western Reserve. The place on which the city now stands 
was surveyed under his direction in 179G. In 1799 there 
was but one family residing here, and even in 1S25 there 
were under 500 persons within its liniils. In 1S14 Cleve- 
land was incorporated as a village, and in 1S36 it received 
a, city charter. 

The city, except a small portion of it immediately on the 
river, is built on a gravelly plain, 80 feet above Lake Erie, 
of which it has a commanding prospecL The lowition is 
dr>' and healthy, and the view of the meanderinga of the 
Cuyahoga r, and of the steamboat and lake craft ever 
entering or leaving the harbor, or on tlio waters of the 
lake to the horizon, presents a fine picture of commercial 
activity. The c<»uniry around is replete with rich scenery, 
and for miles around is under a high slate of cultivation. 

The plan of the city is rectangular, the streets being 
usually 80 feet wide, except Main-street, running through 
the middle of the city which is 120 feet wide- Near the 



centre there is a public square of 10 acres, divided into 
four equal parts by intersecting streets, neatly inclosed and 
adorned with shade trees. The Court House fronts on this 
square. The city contains numerous well-built churches 
of all denominations, public institutions, schools, etc. Many 
of the private dwellings are expensive and tasteftil. The 
harbor is one of the best on the lake ; it is formed by the 
mouth of the Cuyahoga, and improved by a pier on each 
side, extending 4_'0 yanls into the lake, 200 feet ajiart, and 
faced with substantial masonry. The natural advantages 
of the harbor are unsurpassed in the West. There is a 
light-house on the higli bank of the lake, and another at 
the entrance to the harlior. The coast-wise commerce of 
Cleveland, in the year 1S50, amounted in value to 
$13,SS6,531, of which $7,030,957 rei)resentcd the imports, 
and $6.S55,556 that of the exports. The shipping owned in 
the district was 35,3iri tons, of which 9,994 tons were nav- 
igated by steam-power. The shipping built within the 
year was CS6 tons. Cleveland has also considerable com- 
merce with Canada. The great bulk of its commercial 
material, however, is now conveyed on the railroads and 
canals, to and from the sea-board, etc., but the exact amount 
can not be asccrlaine*!. 

Manufacturing, thougli in its infancy, is carried on to 
some extent Most of tin; engines, and other eiju-ipments 
for the stcamboah* and railroads of the neighborhood, are 
manufactured at the Cuyahoga Steam Furiuice ; and there 
are also two large flouring mills here, one worke<l by .•team, 
and the other by the surplus water of the Ohio Canal. Of 
the ordinary mechanical trades there is a fair representa- 
tion, and among them are several extensive establishments. 
The public schools of the city are numerous, and are 
nnder efficient management. The buildings are generally 
of brick ; that on S(. Clair-strcet is an ornament to the city. 
The course of instruction is graduated, and when the 
scholars are sufficiently advanced, they arc promoted to the 
high school, in which they are instructed in several branch- 
es of natural science. There are also many higlily cfflcient 
private schools and seminaries; and the city has scTeral 
literary associations and reading rooms. At tlie Lyceum 
lectures arc delivered during the winter evenings. There 
are three musical halls in the city. The public press of the 
city consists of three daily newspapers (.which issue, also, 
weekly editions), and two weekly newspapers. The dailies 
are, the "C. Herald" (whig), the "C. Plaindealer" (.dem.), 
and the "True Democrat" (free soil); and the weeklies 
arc, the '• C. Advertiser" (neutral), and the "C. Gcrmania" 
(Germ, dem.) 

Ohio City, on the opposite side of the Cuyahoga r., is 
virtually a part of (.'leveland; but it has a separate incorpo- 
ration. It is in the same position as New York City and 
Brooklyn, distinct corporations, with interests alike. The 
municipal authorities of Cleveland consist of a mayor, 
and one alderman and three councilmen for each ward. 
The police arrangements of the city are excellent, and the 
cleanliness and order of the place are remarkable. 

Cleve-s. p. v.. Hauiilton co., Ohio: on the Miami r., and 
about a mile from the Ohio, at North Bend, 113 m. S. W. 
Columbus. It is a thriving v., and has about SOD inhabit- 
ants. 

Clifford, p. t., Susquehanna co., Perm. : 124 m. H. N. E. 
Ilarrisburg. 

Clift Mills, p. o., Fauquier co., Virg. : S2 m. N. by W. 
Richmond. 
Clifton, p. v., Madison co., Flor. 

Cltfty Cheek, 3fd.: a small stream In Jefferson co., 
which falls into the Ohio r. a mile below Madison. It is 
remarkable for its cascades, at one of which the water falls 
over 100 feet within a short distance. The dark, deep gulf 
and rugged clifTs present much pieluresqwe sccncrj-, etc. 

Cliftok, p. v., King George co., VirQ. : ?.G m. N. N. E. 
Richmond. 
Cliiton, p. v., Greene co., Ofuo: at tho falls i>f the Little 

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Miami r., 46 m. S. by W. Columbus. The v. enjoys im- 
mense liydraulic power, and lias several imporUint manu- 
faetures. The country in the neighborliood is one of the 
finest agricultural districts in the State. Pop. 252. 

Clutos, p. T., Luzerne co., Petm. : 118 m. N. E. Ilarris- 
burg. 

Cluton, p. T., Penobscot co., J/a 

Clipton, p. T.. Monroe ec, iv; T. : 191 m. W. by N. 
Albany. 

Clifio!!, p. T., Wayne co., Tenn.: M m. 3. W. Nash- 
Tille. 

Cl-rnroN, p. v., .Jefferson Co., J/o. •• on the W. bank of the 
Mississippi r., 102 m. E. by S. .lelTerson City. 

CurroN Fonr.E, p. v., .\lleghany co., Vtrg.: 1+5 m. 
"W. by N. r.ichmond. 

Clifton Miiiii, p. o,, Ereckenridgo Co., Ay.; 90 m. 
TV. by S. Frankfort. 

Clitton Pauk, t. and p. r., Saratoga co., JK T .■ on the 
N. Bide of Mohawk r., in m, S. of Balslon Spa, and 23 m. 
N. W. Albany. Pop. 2,86?, 

Clutos Spp.isgs, p. v., Ontario co., X'. T. : on the line 
of the Rochester and Syracuse P.. V... 216 m. W. Albany. 
The sulphur springs at this place have becnmo celebrated 
for their medicinal properties, and are occasionally resorted 
to by invalids. 

CuFTT, p. v., Decatur co., Ind. : on Clifty cr., 40 m. 8. E. 
Indianapolis. 

Clifty creek, Tnd. ; n tributary of White r., which It 
joins 3 m. below Columbus. It is 50 m. long. The Indian 
name of this stream was Es-lhc-nou-o-ne-ho-maque, or ClilT 
of P.ocks P.ivcr. 

Cllmax Prairie, p. o., Kalamazoo Co., 3/icA. .• .52 m. 
S. W. Lansing. 

CLiNm river, Vii-ff. and Tfnn. : rises In Virginia and 
passes into Tennessee, and after a course of about 200 m. 
unites with Ilolston r at Kingston, thus forming Tennessee 
r. It is navigalilo for boats tliroughoul the grc'ater p.art of 
its course. 

Clink's Mills, p. o., Augusta co., Virg. : 104 m. W. N. W. 
Richmond. 

Clingman, p. v., CIcaveland co., K Car. : 159 m.W. S.W. 
Ealeigh. 

CuNTON county, HI. Situate S. TV. centrally, and con- 
tains 4C8 sq. m. Drained by creeks of Kaskaskia r., which 
flows through it and forms the W. half of its S. border. Sur- 
face chiefly prairie with rich bottoms, and .soils of extraor- 
dinary fertility, producing grains in abundance, and sup- 
porting much live stock. Farms C2S ; manuf. 8; dwell. 
947. and pop.— wh. 5,1)02, tr. col. 137— tot.al 5,139. Cap- 
ital; Carlyle. Puhlic Work': Cincinnati and St. Louis 
E. K. 

Cllnton county. Ind. Situate N. W. centrally, and con. 
tains 432 sq. wi. The streams are the middle and south 
forks of Wild Cat r., Sugar er.. and others. Surface, except 
near the Wild Cat r.. level or undulating, and the whole, 
with the exception of some small jirairies, is heavily tim- 
bered : soils alluvi.al with a clay substratum. Wheal is 
produced largely, and much attention is given to the rais- 
ing of cattle and hogs. Farms 1.411 : manuf. 21 : dwell. 
2,001, and pop.— wh. 11.845. fr. col. 24— total Il.SW. Cap- 
ital: FrankforU Puhlic; Worla : Lafayette and Indian- 
apolis P.. R. 

Clinton cmmty, la. Situate E. on Mississippi r., and 
contains 648 sq. m. The Wapsipinicon r. forms its 9. borrler 
and also crosses the S. W. part of the connty, ami with its 
tributaries drains a large surface. The N. is drained by 
tributaries of Makoqueta r.. and the E. by creeks of the 
Mississippi. Surface undulating, and about equally cover- 
ed by wood and prairie: soils excellent, deep, and rich. 
Farms 806; manuf. 10; dwell. 499. anil pop.- wh. 2.802, fr. 
col. 20— total 2.S22. Capital: Tie Witt PiMic Warku: 
Lyons and Iowa City R. R.. and Camanche and Iowa City 
K. E. (both projected as yet). 
134 



CM 

Cltnton county, Kii. Situate on the Tennessee State 
line, and contains 2M sq. m. Beaver, Otter, Little Indian, 
Obey's, and other creeks of Cumberland r., drain the in- 
terior. Surface diversifled ; soils fertile. The products are 
Indian corn, oats, wheat, tobacco, etc. Farms 499 ; manuf. 
3 ; dwell. 774, and pop.— wh. 4,591, fr. col. 36, si. 26'i— total 
4,8S9.. Capital: Albany. 

Clinton county, Mieh. Situate on lower peninsula cen- 
trally, and contains 576 sq. m. Drained by Maple r., Stonejr 
cr., Looking-gla«3 r. ; and other tributaries of Grand r. How 
in a direction from E. to W. Grand r. crosses its S. W. 
comer. Surface level ; soils usually good. Farms 614 ; 
manuf. IS; dwell. 946, and pop.— wh. 5,100, Cf. col. 2— total 
5,102. Capital: De Wilt. 

Clinton county, ifo. Situate N. W.. and contains 418 
sq. m. Drained by Castile cr. and Smith's fork of Platte r., 
and by Shoal cr. of Grand r., with other streams tributary 
to the Missouri r. Surface level, two-thirds prairie; soils 
fertile, producing the grains, tobacco, etc. Farms 3;J^1; 
manuf ; dwell. 560, and pop.— wh. 8,346, fr. col. 1, si. 4:39 
—total 3,786. Capital : Plattsburg. 

Clinton county, K. Y. Situate N, E. comer of the 
State, on the W. shore of Lake Champlain S. of 45° N. lat., 
and contains 933 sq. m. Draineil by the Saranac, tha 
Chazy, and the Au Sable, and other rivers, all of which 
empty into the lake, and in their courses affor.i extensive 
water privileges. There are several small lakes within the 
county, of which Chateaugay and Chazy lakes arc the 
largest. The surface is beautifully diversified— in the S. and 
W. hilly: soils of an average fertility, and much of the sur- 
face is yet covered with forest. Iron ore of an excellent 
quality is found in the S. W., and has been extensively 
worked : black marble exists near Plattsburg, and granite 
and gneiss are the prevailing rocks, except a narrow strip 
of limestone formation along the lake shore. There are 
sulphur and carbonic acid springs at Beekmantown. The 
products of the county are wheat, corn, and pork. Farms 
2,095: manuf. 461; dwell. 6,713, and pop.— wh. 39.9.35, fr. 
col. 112— total 40.047. Capital: Plattsburg. PuhticWorkx : 
Northern R. R. : Plattsburg and Montreal R. E. ; and Cham- 
plain and St. Lawrence R. R. 

Clinton county, Ohio. Situate toward S. W., and con- 
tains 4-30 sq. m. Drained by several forks and other trib- 
utaries of Little Mi.ami r., which affords good water-power. 
Surface chiefly level or undulating: soils deep and fertile, 
with timber in sufflciency. The products .are Indian corn, 
wheat, and grasses, which feed immense numbers of live 
slo<'k. Salt is found in the S. W. district. Farms 1.366; 
manuf. 83; dwelt. 3,245, and pop.— wh. 18.247. fr. col. 591 
— tot.al 1S.S3S. Capital .'Wilmington. PiihlicWorki: Cin- 
cinnati, Wilmington, and Zanesville P.. R., etc. 

Clinton county, Penn. Situate centrally in W., and 
contains 810 sq. m. Drained by creeks and tributaries of 
tlio W. branch of Susquehanna r., which flows through ita 
mifldle. Surface rugged and hill.v — in the 9. mountainous; 
soils of moderate fertility, and in some parts sterile. Iron and 
hiluminous coal very abundant and extensively wrought. 
The agricidlural products are wheal, oats, com, etc. Farms 
O:!^: manuf 149; dwell. 1.930, and pop.— wh. 11,0.5.5. fr. col. 
1.52—toial 11.207. Tn;)*!; ; Lock Haven. PiMia Works: 
Sunbury and Erie R. E. 

Clinton, p. v., De Witt CO., Tex. : 80 m. S. by E. Austin 
City. 

Clintox, p. v., and cap. Van Buren CO., Ark.: at the 
mouth of Archer's cr. of Little Red r.,60 m. N. by W. Little 
Rock. 

Clinton, p, v., Henry co.. Mo. : on the N, side of Big 
creek of the Osage r., 69 m. W. by S. Jefferson City. 

Clinton, L and p. o., Middlesex Co., Conn. : on the N. 
of I/mg Island Sound, 36 m. S. S. E. Hartford. Pop. 
1.3t4. 

Clinton, p. t., Greene co., Ala. : on a cr. of Little Tom- 
bigboe r., 98 m. W. by N. Montgomery. 



CLI 



CLO 



Clinton, p. v., and cap. Jonc« co., Ga.: on "Walnut cr. 
of the Ockniulgoc r, IS m. "W. Milldlgi-'ville. 

Clinton, p. v., Vermillion co., ln<h : on the "W. side of 
"W'abash r. and canal, 65 m. W. by S. Indianapolis. It is a 
point from which considerable produce is sliipped. 

Clintox, p. v., and cap. Do Witt co., III. : on the N. side 
of i?nlt cr. of Sangamon r., 46 ni. N. K. Springfield. 

Clinton, p. v., Ilickmau co., A'y. ; near the centre of the 
coiinly, on the N. side of llie Ba\ou Pesha, 24-S m.W. S. MV. 
Frankfort. It is probable that the line of the Mobile and 
Ohio li. It. will pass through or near tliis village. 

Clinton, p. v., Kasl Feliciana par., La. : on the E. side 
of Coiiute cr.. -".S m. N. E. Baton Itoug'e. The Clinton and 
Port Hudson H. K. terminates liore, 24 m. from Port Hud- 
eon on the Mississippi r. 

Clinton, i. and p. v., Kennebec co., Me. : on the E. side 
of the Kennebec r., 22 m. N. by E. Augusta. The v. is 
situate on Sebasticook r., which runs through the t., and 
affurds extensive water-power. Mills anvi manufactories of 
various kinds are numerous. Pop. oft. 1,743. 

Clinton, p. v., Lenawee co.. 3Iic/i. : on the E. side of 
the N. branch of Kaisin r., 53 m. S. E. Lansing. It is a 
flourishing v., and has some manufactures and milling, also 
an iron ftmndry, etc. 

Clinton, p. o.. Hinds co., J/m. .-on the line of the Yicks- 
burg, Brautlon, and Jackson P. P.. 10 m. \V. Jackson. The 
Mississippi College, founded in 1S30, is located here. 

Clinton, t. and p. v.. Rock co., Wise. : on the 3. of Tur- 
tle cr. of Hock r., 46 m. S. E. Madison. The v. is located 
on the post road, 10 in. E. from Belojt. Pop. 1,176. 

Clinton, p. v., and cap. Sampson co., Ji. C<ir.: on a 
branch of Black r., 54 m. S. S. E. Raleigh. 

Clinton, p. v., Hunterdon co., K. J<^r. : on the S. branch 
Of RariUin r., 31 m. N. by W. Trenton. It has an immense 
hydraulic power, and will become a manufacturing v. of 
importance. The New Jersey Central U. R. passes it, 44 
m. from Elizabethport and 20 from Easton. 

Cltnton, I., Duchess co., .Al Y.: 60 m. S. by E. Albany. 
Pop. l,:i).5. 

Clinton, p. v., Oneida co., Al I' ; on both sides of Oris- 
kany cr., and on the line of the Chenango Cnnal, ftfi m. 
W. N. W. Albany. It is a flourinhinir v.. and lias both 
manufactures and trade, for whicli its positiun on the river 
and canal peculiarly adapts it. It is noted for its fine sem- 
inaries, and about a mile W. of the v. is Hamilton College, 
the buildings of which are conspicuously situate on an 
eminence. 

Clinton, p. v., Worcester co., ^fll^:s.: on the N. sido of 
Nashua r,, and on the line of the Worcester and Nashua 
P. P.. 16 m. from Worcester and od m. W. Boston. 

Clinton, t. and p. v.. Summit eo., O/iiti : on Indian cr. of 
Tuscnrawas r., 97 m. N. E. Columbus. The v. lies on the 
Ohio Canal, and is a place of considerable trade. Pop. 
1,196. 

Clinton, p. v., Alleghany co., P^tin.: 17S in. W. Harris- 
burg. 

Clinton, p. v., and cap. Anderson co., Tenn. : on the 
N. branch of Clinch r. of the Tennessee, 144 m. E. Nash- 
ville. 

Clinton College, p. o., Smith co., Tt^Jin. : 44 m. E. N. E. 
Nashville. 

Clinton Corners, p. o., Duchess co., A''. 3' ; 6'i m. 
S. by E. Albany. 

Clintondalk, p. v., Ulster co., y. F. .■ 64 m. S. by W. 
Albany. 
Clinton FrRNAcE. p. v.. Clarion co., Penn. 
Clinton Hollow, p. u.. Duchess co., K Y. : 63 m. 
S. by K. Albany. 

Clinton river, }fich.: hjis its source in the numerous 
small lakes scattered over the central parts of Oakland co., 
and iifbT colln-rmg their wnttr-*, i);iSBesi nut of the county 
in a X. K. dirt<-tinn. and Ih'wiii^ llioucc S. E. an.! E.. di-i- 
chargca into the X. p-irt of I-ake SL Cbir opposite the 



mouth of St. Clair r. It is about 50 m. long. Its principal 
tributaries are North Fork, Stony cr., and Paint cr., which 
discharge from the N. side, and Red r. on the S. side. It i3 
boatable to Rochester 20 m., and after removing the bar at 
its mouth, ve!!sel3 of the largest class can come to ML 
Clemens, 6 m. from the lake. In its course it waters a beau- 
tiftil country and furnishes many mill sites. 

Clintonville, p. v., Bourbon co., Ky. : 36 m. E. Frank- 
fort. The line of the railroad from Knoxville to Covington 
will pass through or near to this village. 

Clintonvillk, p. v., Clinton co., A^. Y. : on the N. side 
of Au Sable r., 10 m. W. of Port Kent on Lake Champlain, 
and 100 m. N. Albany. Immense deposits of iron ore exist 
at this point, and furnaces and rolling mills have long been 
in successful operation. The v. contains about 1,200 in- 
habitants. 

Clintonville, p. v., Venango co., Fenn. : 1T2 m.W. N.W. 
Harrisburg. 

Clintonville, p. v., Greenbrier co., Mr^. : 15S ra. 
W. by N. Richmond. 

Clintonville, p. v., Franklin co., Ohio: on the Cleve- 
land, Columbus, and Ciucinnati R. K., 5 ra. N. Columbus. 
Clio, p. v., Wayne co., Ki/. : 9G m. S. Frankfort. 
Clio, p. v., Marlborough dist., S Cur. : S7 m. N. E. 
Columbia. 
Clio, p. v.. Greene co., Ohio; 50 m. W. S. W. Columbus. 
Clockville, p. v., Madison co., A' Y. : 84 m. W. by N, 
Albany. 

Clokev, p. 0., Washington co., Penn.: 190 ra. W. 
Harrisburg. 

Clopton's Mills, p. o,, Putnam co., Ga. : on Little r.. a 
tributary of Oconee r., 13 m. N. W. Milledgeville. Tho 
Eatont-m P. P. parses near by the mills. 

Cloutiehville, p. v., Naehitoehes par., La.: on the E. 
side of Old r, 127 m. N. W. Baton Rouge. 
Clove, p. c, Sussex co., A^ Jer. : 5^ m. N. Trenton. 
Clove, p. o.. Duchess co., A'i }'. ; on Clove Kill, a tribu- 
tary of Fislikill, SO m. S. by E. Albany. 

Clovec, p. v., Clermont co., Ohio : 92 m. S. W. Co- 
lumbus. 

Clover, p. v., Blair co., Petm, 

Clover Bend, p. o., Lawrence co., Ark. : 102 m. N. N. E. 
Litlle Rock. 

Clover Bottom, p. o., Sullivan co., Tenn. : 244 m. 
E. by N. Nashville. 

Clover Creek, p. o.. Highland co., Virg. : on a cr. so 
called, 134 ra. W. N. W. Richmond. 

Cloveuhale. p. o., Putnam co., Jjul, : on Doe cr, a tribu- 
tary of Mill cr., 36 m. W. S. W. Indianapolis. 

Cloverdale, p. o., Botetourt co., Jlrg.: 136 m. W. 
Richmond. 

Cloverdale Hotel, p. o., Bath co., Virg. : 1 22 m. W. N.W. 
Richmond. 

Clover Garden, p. o., Orange co., 2^. Car. : 32 m. N. W. 
Raleigh. 

Clovek Green, p. o., Spottsylvania co.. Virg. : 46 m. N. 
by W. Richmond. 

Clover Hill, p. o., Hunterdon co., X. Jor. : 32 m. N. 
Trenton. 

Clover Hill, p. o.. Blount co., Teun. : 146 m. E. by 3. 
Nashville. 

Clover Hill, p. v.. and cap. Appomattox co., Virg. : 70 
m. W. by 9. Richmond. 

Clover Hill, p. v., Green co., Xt/. : 69 m. S. W. Franfc- 
forL 

Clover Lanp, t. and p. v.. Clay co., Iitd.: on tho Na- 
tional Road. 58 m. W. by S. Indianajiolis. 

Clover Orchard, p. o., Orange co., A^. Car. : 36 ra. N.W. 
Paleigh. 

Clover Port, p. v., Breckcnridge co., Ay- ." on the 9. side 
of the Ohior.. at the mouth of Clover cr.. 100 m. W. by 9. 
Fr:i[ikf<tr(. U i.s nn intp'-rtiint [.oint fir sh:;>]):iii tobacco, 
and liHs about 750 inhabitanla. There is fine coul in the ■• 

1.35 



CLO 



COE 



vicinity, and 4 in. in the interior are the White Sulphur, 
Breckenridge, and Tar Springs. 

Clover Port, p. v., Hardeman cc, Tenn. : 143 m. S. "W. 
Nashville. 

Cloves\tlle, p. Y., Delaware co., N. K ; 62 m. S. W. 
Albany. 

Cloyd's Creek, p. c, Blount co., Term.: 145 ro. E. by S. 
Kaahville. 

Clyattbville, p. o., Lowndes co., Ga. ; 14S m. S. 
MUledgevillf. 

Clyde, p. t., "Waj-nc co., ^V; Y. : on the Clyde r., 158 m. 
W. Albany. It has a large number of mills, factories, and 
mechanic shops: and a newspaper, the "C. Telegraph,*' is 
published weekly. The Erie Canal, and the Kochcster and 
Syracuse (direct) R. li. pass through if. 

Clyde, p. v., "Whitesides co.. TU. : 134 m. N. Springfield. 

Clyde river, Al T. : this stream i» formed by the union 
of Flint and Mud creeks in "Wayne co., and flows E. 20 m., 
falling Into Seneca river. 

Clvman, t. and p. v., Dodge co., TI'Mo. .* 42 m. N. E. Mad- 
ison. The t. is wateted by several fine creeks falling into 
Bock river. Top, 7C5. 

Clymer, t. and p. v., Chautanqne co., A" T. : on Broken 
Straw cr., 306 m. W. S. W. Albany. Pop. 1,127. 

Clymer Centre, p. v., Chautauque co., A'. I'..* 303 m. 
W. S. W. Albany. 

Coahoma county, Misft. Situate N. TT. on Mississippi r., 
and contains 823 sq. m. Drained by Sunflower r. and its 
branches. Surface low and level, liable to inundation ; soils 
ver>' fertile, producing largely cotton and com. Fanns 161 ; 
manuf. ; dwell. 260, and pnp.-'Wh. 1,33T, fr. col. 2, si. 1,391 
—total 2,7S0. Capital : Delta. 

Coal creek, Ind. : a fine mill stream, mostly in Fontaine 
CO., about 45 m. in length, and emptying into the Wabash, 
near the N. line of Parke co. An immense enal bank exists 
near ita mouth, where it is crossed by the Wabaah and Erie 
Canal. 

Coal GnovE, p. o., Lawrence co., Ohio : on the T.V. bank 
of the Oliior., 104 m. S. S. E. Columbus. 

Coal Hill, p. o., Goochland co., Virff. : 14 m. N. "W. 
Bichmond. 

Coal Mines, p. t., Chesterfield co., Virg, Ses Black- 

EETH. 

Coal Mountain, p. o., Forsyth co., Ga. : 93 m. N. N.W. 
Milled geville. 

Coal Pokt, p. t., Indiana co., PertTi. : 124 m. "W". by S. 
Harrishurg. 

Coal Pn*EB MARsnES, p. o., Raleigh co., Hr^;. .■ 214 m. 
W. Richmond. 

Coal Run, p. o., "Washington co., Ohio : 86 m. S. E. 
Columbus. 

CoALSMouTH, p. V., Kanawha co., Ttr^r. .• on the S. side 
of Kanawha r., at the mouth of Coal r., 242 m. W. by N. 
Eichmond. 

Coal Valley, p. o., Alleghany co., Penn. 

Coate's Tavern, p. c, York dist., S. Car. : 72 m. N. 
Columbia. 

Coatbrville, p. v., Chester co., P&nn. : on the W. branch 
of Brandywine cr., 56 m. E. S. E. Harrisburg. The v. has 
numerous manufactures, as paper, cotton, nails, etc. ; and 
in ita vicinity there is a noted chalybeate spring. 

CoBALTvaLLE, p. V., Middlesex co.. Conn. 

Cobb county. Go. Situate N. W. centrally, and contains 
620 sq. m. Drained in the N. by the head streams of C^^osa 
r. and in the E. by the tributaries of Chattahoochee r., 
which traverses the E. border. Products chiefly cotton and 
Indian corn. Farms 931; manuf. 10; dwell. 1,913, and 
pop.— wh. 11,56^, fr. eol. 3, si. 2.272— total 13.843. Capital: 
Marietta. Puhtic Works: Western and Atlantic R. R. 

CoBBESsKCosTEE watcrs, ^U. : is a fine sheet of water, lying 

"W. of llallowell, and conncrted with a number of smaller 

ponds. Its outlet is a r. of the Fame name, which enters 

the Kcnnebee at Gardiner. These waters afford a great 

186 



hydraulic power, an abundance of flsh. and much delightful 
scenery. 

Ci>kb's Fork, p. o., Decatur co., Iiid, : 62 m. 3. E. by E, 
Indianaputis. 

Cobb's Mills, p. o., Cherokee co., Ala.: 132 m. N.byK 
Montgomery. 

CouERLY'fl, p. 0., Union co., Ohio : 37 m. N. W. by "W. 
Columbus. 

CoBUAM, p. v., Albemarle co., Virg. : G9 m. N. W. 
Riehinund. 

CoBLTOKtLL, t. and p. v., Schoharie co., K. Y. : on Cobles- 
kill cr., 3S m. W. Albany. In this L there is a mill-stream 
issuing from a natural well, the depth of which has never 
been ascertained ; it then enters a subterranean passage, 
and disappears for 7 m., when it again rises and flows on 
the surface. Pop. 2,229. 

ConscooK bay, J/e. : a large b.iy, the recipient of a num- 
ber of large ponds on the S. W. side of Easlport, in Passa- 
maquoddy Bay. 

Coburn's Store, p. o., Mochlenburg co., A^. Car. 

CocALico, p. v., Lancaster co., Penn. 

CocHEcroN, t. and p. v., Sullivan co., N. Y. : on the E. 
side of Delaware r., 76 m. S. W. Albany, and drained by 
C(»lIicoon and Ten Mile creeks, tributaries of Delaware r. 
The Erie R. R. traverses the W. line of the t., and inter- 
sects the village, which lies on the Delaware, 141 m. from 
New York. 

CociiEsirrr, p. o., Plymouth co., Ma^&. 

CocniTUATE. p. v., Middlesex co., Ma^s. 

Cochran's Cross Roads, p. o., Harris co., Ga.: 106 m. 
"W. by S: MiUedgeville. 

Cochran's Grove, p. o., Shelby co., III. : 53 m. E. S. E. 
Springfielil. 

Cochran's Landing, p. o., Monroe co., Ohio: 110 m. E. 
by S. Ciilumbus. 

Cochran's Mills, p. o,, Pickens co., Ala. : 104 m- 
W. N. "W. Montgomery. 

Cocnp.ANSTiLLE, p. V., Chcstcr CO., Pertn. ; 54 m. E. S. E. 
Harrisburg. 

CoriiRANsviLLK, p. v., Marshall co., Tettn. : 46 m. S. 
Nashville. 

CoriiKASTON, p. v., Marion co., Ohio: 43 m. N. N. W. 
Columbus. 

CocKB county, Term. Situate on the E. State line, and 
contains 374 sq. m. Smoky Mountains, one of tho Alle- 
ghany ridges, bounds it on tlie E., and divides the Stat« 
tVonj North Carolina. Drained by French, Broad, and Big 
i'idgeon rivers, tributaries of Tennessee r.. which runs 
along ita N. border. Tlic surface is elevaled and broken, 
and the soils ihin. Indian corn is the chief product, and 
some beef and pork is produced for market. Farms 336 ; 
manuf. S7i ; dwell. 1.295, and pop.— wh. 7,502, fr. col. 79, si. 
719— total 6,3'iO. Capital: Newport. 

CocKNRYsviLLE, p. v., Baltimore co., Md.: on the lino 
of the Baltimore and Susquehanna R. R., 14 m. N. Balti- 
more, and 40 m. N. by "W. Annapolis. A weekly paper, 
the "Baltimore County Advocate," is published at Um 
place. 

CocKRUM, p. 0., De Soto co., 3/?j9s; 163 m. N. Jackson. 

CoDDiNoviLLE, p. V., Medina co., Ohio: 96 m. N. N. E. 
Columbus. 

CoDORus. p. v., York co.. Pf'nn.: on Codorus cr. 30 m. 
S. Harrisburg. Codorus cr. rises in Frederick co., ,)/<?., and 
after a circuitous course of 30 m., enters the Susquehanna, 
near the v. of New Holland, in Penn. 

CoELK. p. o., Livingston par.. La. : 42 m. E. Baton Rouge. 

CoR Ridge, p. o., Cuyahoga co., Ohio : 123 m. N. Ei 
Columbus. 

CoESRK, p. v., Whitley co., Ind. : on the S. of Eel r., 102 
m. N. N. E. Indianapolis. 

CoEVMANS. t. and p. v., Albany co., K. Y.: on the W. 
side of the Hudson r., 13 m. S. Albany. Coeymans creek 
and other tributaries of tho Hudson drain the t. The v 



COE 



COL 



conliiins several manufac-luring establishments and extcn- 
Bive brick yanis. The Albany steamboats stop hero, and 
considerable trade is carried on by means of schoonera and 
slotipa navif^ating: the Hudson. Pop. 3,(i5i>. 

CoEYMANS Hollow, p. v., Albany co., N. T.: 19 m. S. 
Albany. 

CuKKi:, p. o., Hardin co., Ky. : 72 ra. W. by S. Frankfort. 

<_'OFFADBLiAU, p. T., Ncslioba CO., Miss. : 69 m. N. E. 
Jnckson. 

CoKFKE cnnnfy, Ahi. Situate S. E., and contains 1,00S 
gq. m. Drained by I'ea r. and its branches. Surface level, 
but undulating — partially wooded; and soils rich and well 
drained. The agricultural staples are cotton and corn. 
Farms G(»4 ; nianuf. 9 ; dwell. 893. and pop.— wh. 5,3S2, fr. 
col. 1, si. r)5T— total 5,940. Ca^ntal : ■\^Vllborn. 

CoFFKE county, Te7in. Situate centrally, and contains 
276 sq. m. Drained by the head waters of Duck cr. Sur- 
face undulating, inclining to the "W., and the soils of aver- 
ago Rrlilily, The principal jiroducts are Indian corn and 
wheat, with some tobacco and cotton. Farms -tSo; manuf. 
19; dwell. 1,179, and pop.— wh. 7.(i61, fr. eol. 23, si. 1.2ti7 
—total 8.351. Capitol: Manchester. PuhlSc ]IV*;'^-.t; 
WMinnville Branch of the Nashville and Chattanooga 11. II. 

Coffee, p. v., Clay co., Ind.: 56 m. "W. S. "W. Indian- 
apolis. 

Coffer Corner, p. c, CoDee co., Ala. : S9 m. S. by E. 
Montgomery. 

Coffee Crekk, p. o., Torter co., Ind. : on the E. side of 
Coffee cr., about 2 m. above its confluence with Calumic r., 
and not far from the line of Northern Indiana E. E., 136 m. 
m, N. "W. Indianapolis. 

Cofff.f, Landing, p. o., Hardin co., Tenn. : 107 m. S. W. 
Nashville. 

Coffee Efn, p. o., Huntingdon co., Pe-nn. : 79 m. "W. 
Harrisburg. 

CoFFEETiLLE, p. V., Clark CO., Ala. : on the E. side of 
Tombigbee r.. Ill m. W. S. W. Montgomery. 

CoFFKF.viLT.R, p. V., and Cap. Yallalmsha co., Mm. : on a 
creek of Yallabusha r, IIC ni. N. by E. Jackson. Pop. 
600. Tlie "Southern Appeal" (whig) is published weekly. 

Coffin's Gkove, p. o., Delaware co., la.: 55 m. N. 
Iowa City. 

CoGniLL, p. o., M'Minn co., Temi. : 132 m. E. S. E. 
Ka.shvillo. 

Cogswell, p. v., M'Hcnry co., W.: 1?3 m. N. N. E. 
Bpringflold. 

CoiiASSF.T, t. and p. v., Norfolk Co., Mass. : facing N. E. 
on Massachusetts Bay, IG m. S. E. Boston. Tho coast is 
here rocky and dangerous ; it has a considerable amount 
of shipping, chiefly engaged in eoai»ting and in tho fish- 
erics, and the v. is important as the E. terminus of the 
South Shore U. li., 11 m. from Eraintree. It has a fine sum- 
mer climate, and the shore is a favorite resort for invalids 
and fashionables. Pop. 1,775, 

CoiiOEB, p. v., Albany co., JVl }'. .• on the S. W. side of 
Mohawk r., S m. N. Albany, a little below the Falls, and 
near the junction of the Champl.ain and Erie Canals. The 
water-power of the place is very extensive, and is used for 
various manufacturing purposes. It contains 7 churches, 
about 300 houses, and 2,6fi0 inhabitants. A railroad ia now 
in course of construction from Albany to this point to ac- 
commodate the manufacturing Interest. The "Cohoes 
Cataract"' (neutral) is published weekly. The name of this 
V. h.TS lately been changed to that of Eockton. 

ConoKS falls, X. V. : immediately above Cohocs village, 
2 m. from the mouth of Mohawk r. The surrounding 
scener>- is romantic, and when the r. is M\ the falls present 
s grand appearance. Besides a rapid above and below 
the falls, llie r.. here from 300 to 400 feet broad, has a per- 
pendicul.rr fall "f 70 f.-et. Half a mile below the falls is a 
bridge across the r. 800 feet long, from which the view of 
Uiec.itarnct is seen tn advantage. This fall is always an ' 
■object of interest to travelers, and, if inferior to the gran- 



deur of Niagara, has much to attract and please in ita 
varied scenery. 

CoiiuTTAu Sphing, p. o., Murray co., Ga. : at the bn*© 
of Cohultah Mountain, in the N. E. corner of the co., 164 
m. N. N, W. Milledgeville. The spring is on the S.side of 
a small stream issuing from the mountain, which joins tlie 
Connesauga cr., 6 m. below. This is one of the mot,t val- 
able mineral springs in this section of the country. 

CoiLA, p. o., Carroll co., 3fi«s.: S4 m. N. by E. Jackson, 

CoiLA, p. v., "Washington co., X. Y. 

CoiNjocK, p. v., Currituck co., N, Car.: 160 m. E. N. E. 
Ealeigh. 

CoiTsviLLE, t. and p. v., Mahoning co., Ohio: in the 
N. E. corner of the co., 146 m. E. N. E. Columbus. Beaver 
r. and the Pennsylvania and Ohio Canal run through ita 
S. W. portion. 

CoKER Creek, p. o., Monroe co., Tetin.: on the creek so 
called, 1.53 m. E. S. E. Nashville. 

CoKF-SBURGU, p. V., Huntcrdon co., X. Jet:: 26 m. N. 
Trenton. 

CoKESBiTT, p. T., AbbeviUc dist., S. Car. : on the W. sido 
of and 2 m. from Saluda r., and on the line of the Green- 
Tille and Columbia E. E., 94 m. from Columbia. The 
Alibeville Branch E. E. diverges from the main road at 
this point. 

CoLAi'ARciiEE, p. 0., Mouroc CO., Gci. : 52 m. "W. 
Milledgeville. 

CoLUYViLLE, p. v., Clark co., Ky. : 39 ra. E. £. E. 
Frankfort. 

CoLcuESTER, t and p. v., New London co., Cov7i.: 21 
m. S. S. E. Hartford. Surface uneven ; soils of average 
fertility. Drained by Salmon r. in the N. W. and in the E. 
by head branches of Yantic r. The v. is pleasantly sit- 
uated on the high ground near the centre of the t., and is 
the site of Bacon Academy, founded in ISOO by tho dona- 
tion of J35,000 from the gentleman whose name it perpetu- 
ates. The building is of brick, three stories high, 75 fvet 
long and 84 wide. It usually has from 90 to 100 scholars. 
The t. is cBsenlially an agricultural district, and has scvend 
saw and grist mills. Pop. 2.46S. 

CoLciir-STEn, t. and p. o., Chittenden co., Verm.: on 
Lake Champlain, into which i( projects in the form of a 
peninsula, forming on each side extensive bays. Lamoille 
r. runs through it and discharges into the lake. M'inoosiii 
City, a flourishing manufacturing v., is partly within this 
t., the other part being on the opposite side of the rivi-r o? 
the same name, which is spanned by a covered bridec 
The t. is traversed by the Vermont Central E. Pop. 2,575, 

Colchester, t, and p. o., Delaware co., JV. Y.: 76 m. 
S. W. Albany. The Papacton branch of Delaware r. fonnf 
the N. boundary of the t. and Beaver Kill drains it in iLe 
S. Pop. 2.1S4. 

Cold Brook, p. o.. "WaiTcn co., PI. : S8 m. N. W. Spring- 
field. The Peoria and Oquawka E. E. passes through tho 
V. 23 m. from Oquawka on the Mississippi r. 

Cold Brook, p. v., Herkimer co., jV. }' .' on a cr. of 
same name. 70 m. N. W. Albany. There are several mills 
on the or., and the v. has about SOO inhabiinnts. 

Colden, t. and p. v., Erie co., X. Y.: on Cazonovc cr., 
2S m. S. E. Buffalo and about 2J5 W. Albany. There are 
several mills at the v. or settlement. Pop. 1,344. 

CoLnENUAM, p. v.. Orange co., 2i\ Y. : 74 m. 9. Al- 
/bany. 

CoLDEN lake, Essex co., y. Y. : a short distance belovr 
Avalanche Lake, the waters of which it receives after a 
descent of 50 feet It is one mile in length and half a milo 
wide, and has an elevation above the tide water of Hudson 
r. of 2,?50 feet. It is a most romantic sheet of water, sur- 
rounded by high mountain peaks. 

Cold Ei;n, p. o., Cass co., Ga.: on a cr. of Etowah r., 
132 m. N. W. Milledgeville. 

Coj.n Spring, p. o., Pottowattomee co., Ia. : 212 m. W. 
by S. Iowa City. 

137 



COL 



Cold Spmxg, p. v., Fairfield Co., Conn. 
Cold Spuing, p. o., Shelby CO., lU. : 52 m. S. E. by E. 
6pringfleld. -r. u -w 

Cold Speikg, p. v., Harrison co., Ohio: 100 m. E. bj JN. 

Columbus. - _, 

Cold Speixg, p. v., Campbell co., Ky. : 02 m. N. S. h. 
Frankfort. . 

Cold Si-p.ixg, p. o., Wilkinson Co., J/ms. .■ on the E. aide 
of nomochilto r., 97 m. S. W. Jackson. 

Cold Srn.NG, p. v., Cape May co., X. Jer. : near the S. 
extremity of the State, equidistant on Ihrcc sides from the 
waters of the Atla.uic, 84 m. S. by E. Trenton. It is a v. 
of some 150 inhabitants. , „ v , 

Cold Spring, p. v., Putnam eo., K. Y. : on the E. bank 
of the Hudson r., about a mile N. of West Point. It is ro- 
maiuioallv situated in the Highlands. The Hudson Kiver 
E. B. passes through it, 64 m. N. of New York C.ly and 96 
m s of Alb.™v. Tlie West Point Foundery. one of tlie 
most extensive 'iron founderies and machine shops in the 
Vnion, is located here. Pop. about l.COO. 
Cold Spuing, p. o., Polk co., Te^.: 1T3 m. E. by N. 

Austin City. „ ,r, -m 

Cold Spn.NG, p. o., Edgefield dist., S. Car.: 42 m. W. 

Columbus. 

Cui d Spring, t. and p. v., Jefferson co., IHsc. ; on a 

branch of Uock r., .5S m. E. S. E. M.idison. The Milwau- 

kie and Mississippi P.. li. passes through the S. part of the 

township. I'op. 66S. 

Cold Spp.ino Haudok, p. v., Suffolk eo., A. 1.: at the 

head of the bay so called, 116 m. S. by E. Aloany. The 
bav sols up between Queen's and Suffolk counties, bcmg on 
arm of Ovstcr Bay, and the v. lies around its head in the 
form of a'crescent. It is a port of entry, has several sli.ps 
en'-a.'cd in whaling, and has a considerable coasting trade. 
Bliippi.." owned in the district, 3,S55 tons, of which 2,370 is 
registered tonnage. Its situation and scenery render it a 
desirable residence during the summer months. Fop. 

about Clio. „. ,. „ 

Cold Stream, p. v., Hampshire eo.. Tirg.: on the E. 
,ide of Cacapon r., 134 m. N. N. W. lliclimond. It has 
several factories and mills, worked by water-power supplied 
by the river, and h.-is about 400 inhabitants. 

Cold Water, t.. p. v., and cap. Branch co., ilich.: on 
Col.l Water r. and its branches, 5S m. S. S. W. Lansing. It 
has numerous mills on its streams. The v. is situate on the 
line of the Michigan Southern K. R., 92 m. from Monroe 
and 150 from Chicago. The " C. Sentinel," a weekly news- 
paper, is published here. Pop. 2 lOG. 

Cold Water, p. o., M-irshaU co., J/ms.; 173 m. N. 
Jackson. , ^ 

Cold Water, p. o., Elborl CO., -Ga. : on a cr. of Savan- 
nah r. so called, 7S m. N. N. E. MillcdgeviUe. 

Cold Water, p. o., Wayne co., Oldo: S6 m. Is. E. 

Columbus. TTT XT w 

Cold Water, p. o., Mercer co., Ohvo: 9T m. W. N. W. 

Columbus. ^, ,^^ „ ,r.,., 

Cold Well, p. o.. White CO., Ark. : 43 m. N. N. E. Little 

Itock 

Cole county, Mo. Simntc centrally, and contains 440 sq. 
m The Missouri r. washes the county on the N. and the 
Osa-c r on the E.— the interior being chiefly drained by 
Mor'-au er. and its branches. Surface somewhat uneven ; 
.oil, generally fertile. Farms 03*; manuf. 28; dwell 9b4, 
and p'op -wh. ,',.099, fr. col. IS, si. 979-total 0,690. Cap- 
iUil : Marion. PiMU: Works : Pacific K. It. 

CoLERRooK, t. and p. v., Litchfield co.. Com,. : on the W 
branch of Farmiugton r., 2S m. N. W. Hartford. Drained 
bv Colebrook r., a tributary of the before named. Surface 
hilly, and soils gravelly, but gootl grazing lands. It has 
Bome few manufactures. Pop. 1,304. 

CoLKURooK, f. and p. o., Coos Co., N. JTamp.: on the E. 
eide of the Conneclicnt r.. V'6 m. N. Concord. It is .Irain- 
ed by the Mohawk and Beaver rivers, and has much fine 
138 



COL 

Intervale lands on the Connerticut. It is entirely agricul- 
tural in its industr}-. Pop. 905. 

CoLEBROOK Dale, t and p. o., Berks co., Penn. : 67 m. 
E. Harrisburg. 

CoLERROOK nivEB. p. o., LitchBeld CO., Conn.: on the r. 
so called, 27 m. N. W. Hartford. 

Cole Ca.«p, p. o., Benton co.. Mo. : on Cole Camp cr., a 
tributary of Osage r., 6S m. W. S. W. Jefferson City. 

Cole Creek or (Coal creek), p. o., fountain co.,In^. 7- 
n, W \. W. Indianapolis. C«al cr. is a fine mill stream, 
about 45 m. in leuglli, and enters the Wabash n™' 'l';^^- 
line of Parke co., after passing through a splendid agncul- 
tural counlrv. 11 has numerous tributaries from the L. 1 he 
best coal bank that has been found in the Stale is near the 
mouth of this stream, where the Wabash and Kne Canal 

crosses it „ c- ™ Tl F 

Cole Creek, p. o., Columbia co., Penn.: 0. m. N. E. 

Harrisburg. . , . j. , c /t™. 

CoLEMAN-s Cross F.oads, p. o., EdBeHeId dist. 5. Car. 
CoLEMANSv.LLE, p. V., Harrisou CO., A;/, .-on the W. side 
of the W. branch of Licking r.,42 m. E. K. E. FranliforL 

COLERAIN, t. and p. v., Franklin co., jr.,.« ■ on a branch 
of Deerfleld r., which affords water-power, 9. m. W. ^. « . 
Bostim The surface is hilly, and furnishes fine grazing 
hrnls- the t. has also several imporlanl manufactures, con- 
s'istin.' of cotton goods, iron castings, leather, hats, earthen- 
ware and agricultural implements. It was first settled by 
a colony from the North of Ireland m 1736. 

COLERAIN, p. v., Bertie Co., .V. Car.: on the W. bank of 
Chowan r., 143 m. E. N. E. Kaleigh. 

COLERALN, t. and v., Hamilton co„ Ohu> : on 'be K side 
of Great Miami r., 100 m. S. W. Columbus. Pop 3,Uo. 

CoLEBAiN, t. and p. v., Belmont co.. Oldo: on the N^siJe 
of Indian Wheeling cr., a tributary of Ohio r., 114 m. E. by 
N. Columbus. The surface is hiUy, but the soils are rich 
and productive. Pep. 1,321. .,,,«« F 

CoLERAlN, t. and p. v., Lancaster Co., re<m. : 53 m 8. E. 
Harrisburg. H has several large manufacmrmg establish- 
ments. furnaces, etc. 

Co'^RAiN FORCE, p. o., Huutcrdon co., Penn. : on Spruce 
cr S3 m. W. Harrisburg. 

Coles counlv. Hi. Situate E., and contains Sb4sq. m 
Drained bv Kaskaskia and Embarras rivers, which furnish 
extensive mill power. Surface chiefly P™ne, modera.ody 
undulating, and soils of excellent fertility^ larm 9, 6 
manuf. 0; dwell. 1,571, and pop.-wh. 9,299, fr. col. 3b 
total 9,335. Cc-piM: Charieston. ,„„ „, ^ k W 

CoLESBUKG.i, p. v., Potter Co., Penn. : 122 m. N. N. W. 

"coL^Ruion, p..., Delaware co.,/a. : in the N.E. comer 
ofco.,07m.N.byE. lowaCity. 

CoLE-3 Mills, p. o., Delaware eo., Ohw. 

COLESVILLE, p. v., Stokcs CO., X.Cr. : on the N. of Snow 
cr. of Iloanoko r., 103 m. N. W. Ealeigh. 

COLESVILLE, p. v., Sussox CO., A". Jer. : m m. N. Trenton. 

CoLESviLLE, p. v., Montgomery co., M<L : on one of the 
head streams of the Eastern Branch of Potdhiac r., 29 m. 
W by N. Annapolis. 

CoLFSviLLE, I. and p. v., Broome Co., K T.: on the W. 
side of the ITnadilla r, 93 m. S. W. Albany. Chiefly drained 
bv creeks flowing into that stream. The surface is gen- 
erally hilly; near the river, however, are alluvial flats of 
great fertility. Pop. 3,S67. w i,. F 

CoLETA, p. o., TaU.idega. CO., Ala. : U m. N. by E. 

""^^ZZ p. v., Copiah CO., M... : 39 m. S.W. Jackson. 
COLLA.MER, p. v., Chester co., Penn.: 73 m. E. by S. 

Harrisburg. . ^i „ v hv TJ 

COLLAMER, p. v., Windham co.. Conn.: 41 m. E. by IN. 

Hartford. ^„„ ,.- ,, ,(r 

COLLAMER, p. v., Cuyahoga Co., Ohio: 120 m. N. N. W. 

Columbus. _ „ ,, „ . „ 

COLLAVER, p. v., Kane co., lU. : 155 m. N. N. h. Spring- 



COL 



COL 



field. It lies on the c.lge of a beautiful prairie drained by 
a branch of Sycamore r. 

CoLLAMRB, p. v., Onoudaga co., y. Y. : 11*2 m. Vi'. by N. 
Albany. 

CoiaAMER, p. v., Whilley co., iTid. : W m. N. N. E. 
Indianapnlis. 

CoLT.ASiER, p. v., Sauk CO., TTwc..- on the N. side of Wis- 
consin r., 2G m. N. W. Madison. 

College Cousf.i:, p. v., Butler co., Ohio: in tlio N. "W. 
cnriuT of the co., and on the Une of tlie Junction K. li., 102 
ni. W. by S. Columbus. 

College Gkeen, p. o., Cecil co., Md, : 55 m. N. E. 
Annapolis. 

College Hill, p. v., Lafayette co., Misi. : 149 m. N. N. E. 
Jackson. 

College IIill, p. v., Hamilton co., Ohio : 100 ra. S. "W. 
Columbus, 

College Motn*D, p. o., KaufTmau co., Tej^. : 217 m. 
N. N. W. Austin City. 

College of St. James, p. o., TVashin^ton co.. Jfd. : 6 m. 
S. E. Hagerstown, 4 m. N. E. "Williamsport, and 7G "W. N.W. 
Annapolis. The coUese belong to tlie Frotestant Episco- 
pal Church, and has a srammar-school attached to it. The 
cc'llef;e buildings, and the residences near them, make a 
goodly-sized village. One of the main buildin3:s was ereclcil 
by General liinggold, as his private mansion, nearly Go years 
B^o; the others liave been erected since 1S42, when the 
Institution was first opened. It was chartered in 1S14. 
There are 5 resident professors, 3 lecturers, and several 
tuUirs, etc., and in ISoO it had 110 students. The annual 
expense for tuition, boarding, etc., is $2-*5. The country in 
the neighborhood is fertile and heahhful; the population, 
chiefly Germans, very industrious, frugal, and moral. 

CoLLEGEviLLK, p. V., Soline CO., Ark. : 16 m. S. W. Little 
Kock. 

Colleton district, S. Car. Situate S., and contains 2, TOO 
sq. m. Drained by the Ashley, Edisto, Ashepoo, and Com- 
bahee rivers, the latter of whic^ forms its S. "W. border, and 
all fall into the Atlantic Ocean, which washes it on the 
S. E. Numerous islands line the coast, of which Edisto 
Island is the largest. Surface entirely level, and mostly 
swamp ; soils productive of rice and cotton. Farms SSS ; 
manuf. 10; dwell. 1.515, and pop.— wh. 7,4i>i, fr. col. 3^30, 
si. 31,771— total 39,505. CapittU: "Walterborough. Fub- 
lio Works: South Carolina E. R. 

Colleton, p. v., Fayette co., Tenn. : 16S m. S.W. by "W. 
Nashville. 

CoLLETTsvTLLE, p. V., Caldwell CO., A'i Cur.: on the E. 
aide of Mulberry cr. of New r., 157 ni. W. by N. Ealeigh. 

Collier's, p. o., Edgefield dist., ^5. Cii}\ : &7 m. W. 
Columbia. 

CoLLiEESTowN, p. V., EockbriJge cc, Virff. : 117 m. W. 
Eichmond. 

CoLLiEEsviLLE, p. V., Shelby co., Tenn.: on the line of 
the Memphis and Charleston It. R., 31 m. E. Memjihls, 
and 176 m. V,\ S. W. Nashville. Pop. 23fi. 

Collin county, Tex. Situate N., and contains S'JO sq. 
m. Brained by numerous and wide-spreading tril)utaries 
of the Elm fork and of the E. fork (or Bois (I'Arc r.) of 
Trinity r. Surface elevated and very diversified ; soils ex- 
cellent. Farms 21S; manuf. 0; dwell. 311, and pop.— wh. 
1,S16, fr. col. 0, »1. 134— total 1,950. CcipiUil: M'Kinncy. 

Collins, p. o., Manitouwoe co., Wise. 

Collins, p. o., CoUimbia cq., Ftor. 

Collins, L and p. o., Erie co., K, Y. .- on the N. side of 
Cattaraugus or., 2t}2 m. "U'. Albany. Drained by creeks 
flowing into that siream and Lake Erie. The L contains 
several factories and mills. Pup. 4,001. 

Coi,Lis*s Centp.e, p. v., Erie co., JV' Y. : 259 m. W. 
Albany. 

Coli.in'« DepOt, p. o., Hampton co., J/n.?.?. 

Collin's Se-hlf-ment, p. c, Lewis co., Virg : 212 m. 
W. N. W. Richmond. 



CoLLiNSviLLE, p. v.. Hartford CO.. Cinn.: on both sides 
of Farininston r., 14 m. W. by N. Hartford. A branch of 
the New Haven and Northampton R. R. from Pl:iinville,ll 
m., terminates here. It is a flourishing v., manufai'turing 
chiefly axes and other edged tools. Pop. about 1,600. 

CoLLiNSViLLE, p. V., Madison co., III.: SO m. ?. by W. 
Springfield, and about 10 m. from Illinoislown, on the 
Mississippi r. 

CoLi.issviLLE, p. v., Lewis CO.. X. Y. : nn the AV. side of 
Black r., 103 m. N. ^V. Albany. Pop. about '200- 

CoLLiNsviLLE, p. V., Bullcr CO., 0/iio : on the E. side t.f a 
branch of Miami r., S9 in. W. S. W. Columbus. 

CoLLiRENE, p. 0., Lowndcs CO., Ala. : 27 m. S. AV. Mont- 
gomery. 

CoLLUMSVTLLE, p.v., Lycoming CO., PeM?!. .■ 7Sni.N.N.W. 
Harrisburg. 

Colly Swamp, p. o., Bladen co., X. Car.: on a cr. of 
South r. so called, 1S4 m. S. by E. Raleigh. 

CoLoMA. p. v., Cherokee co., Ala. : 129 m. N. N. E. 
Montgomerj'. 

Colon, t. and p. o., St. Joseph co.. 3/ich. : on the S. of 
St. Joseph's r., C6 m. S. "W. Lansing. The t. has several 
small lakes within it which supply numerous streams, ana 
ftirnish immense water-power. Pop. S47. 

Colonel's Foek, p. o., Picken's disL, ^. Car.: on a 
branch of Tullulali r., IIC m. N. \V. Columliia. 

Colony, p. o., Knox co., 3fo. : lu6 m. N. JcfTersou 
City. 

Colorado county, 7«r. Situate toward S.. and contains 
S'20 sq. m. I>rained centrally by aflluenLs of Colorado r., 
which passes through it from N. to S. ; on the E. by San 
Bernardo r., and on the \V. by the head waters of Navidad 
r. Surface rolling ; soils of the highest fertility, and suit- 
able for cotton and sugar. Farms 116; manuf. 2; dwell. 
2S3, and pop.— wh. 1,534, fr. coL 0, si. 7*23— total 2,267. 
Capital: Columbus. 

Colorado river, Uta7i and X^c M^. Ter.: a vast river 
extending from its sources in the Rocky Mountains, near 
the liead waters of the Columbia, the Missouri. Arkansas, 
and the Del Norte rivers, to the Gulf of Californix Its 
tributaries are gathered from the Cordilleriis, through a 
range of G degrees of latitude. Green r.. which rises in a 
number of small lakes at the base of Fremont's Peak, in 
lat. 43^, is its most northern constituent; farther south it 
receives the Yanipa, the head waters of whicli almost inter- 
lock with those of llie north fork of Platte r. ; the Uintah r. ; 
the White r. ; Grand r., equ:d in volume to the Upper Col- 
orado itself; the Navajo r. ; the Yaquilla r. ; the Rio Ver- 
gen, and others of considerable magnitude. The general 
course of the river is S. and S. W., receiving the largest and 
most voluminous of its constituents from the East Mountain 
country. In about lat. 33^ the Rio Gila meets it. and these 
two rivers enter the Gulf tlirough a common estuary. The 
topography of the country through which the Colorado 
passes is as yet little known ; but it is averred by those 
who have traversed (he country, that the streams are navi- 
gable for hundreds of miles, and that the country is one 
well adapted to the support of a dense population, its agri- 
cultural capacities being equal to the finest lands of the 
States east of the Cordilleras. Along the banks of the river 
are found numerous ruins of cities, attributed to the Aztecs, 
and which in their architecture discover a high state of 
civilization in the builders. At tlic present day the whole 
region is a wilderness, inhal>ited only by the wild Indian. 

Colorado river, TfX.: one of the prreat rivers of the 
country, extending from its source in the GuadaJupo 
Mountains, in an E. and S. E. direction to Matagorda Bay 
and the Gulf of Mexico, a distance of about GOO miles. It is 
navigable to Austin City for small steamboats, and is 
capable of great improvements in its whole length. At and 
near its mouth it is obstructed by raf^. About 3 m. above 
Austin, a nx-ky ledge extends entirely acntss the stream, 
and obstructs navigation. The river has worn in this ledgo 

139 



COL 



COL 



many deep, narrow channels, through which the water 
rushi^^s with the velocity of a mill-race. The current of the 
river la usually rapid throughout, and the waters quite 
limpid and pure, but when swollen by heavy rain*, Ihey 
sweep down immense volumes of red mud, sand, and 
Bilicious pebbles, from which fact the name Colorado has 
been derived. The country along ihe banks of this river is 
DOW thickly settled by farmers chiefly from Germany and 



other European States. The German setUementa ar© 
models of economy and scientific farming. 

C0LO68E, p. o., Oswego CO., N. Y. : 12S m. W*. N. W. 
jUbany. 

CoLQiT!T, p. v., Montgomery co., Ga. : 7T m. S. S. E, 
Milledgeville. 

Colt's Neck, p. v., Monmouth co., X. Jor. : S3 ra. E. 
Trenton. A place of considerable business. 



THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. 

The District of Columbia, the seat of the Government of the United States, originally occupied a square of ten miles, 
on both sides of Potomac Iliver, and comprised portions of Virginia and Marjiand, cede<l to the United States for the 
tlse of tile ffderid grivernmcnL In 1S4G, however, llial portion of the Territory snuth of the river was retroceded to 
Virginia, and hence the present territory lies altogether on its north bank, and contains nnty GO square mih's. 

The Maryland act of cession was passed on tlie 23d December, 17SS, and that of Virginia on the 3d December, 17S9. 
Subsequent acts were passed by these States conllrming the location. 

Tliis District was established in pursuance of a clause of the Constitution of I"S9 (See. viii. — 171, which declares that 
Congress shall have power "to exercise exclusive legislation, in all casts whatsoever, over such district {not exceeding 
ten miles square), as may by cession of particular States, and the acceptance of Congress, become the seat of the 
Government of the United States;" and furllier, in pursuance of an Act of Congress, approved 16th July, 1790, which 
declared " that a district of territory, not exceeding ten miles square, to be located as hereaflcr directed, on the river 
Potomac, at some space between the moiitlis of the Eastern Branch and Conecocheague, be, and the same is hereby 
accepted, for the permanent seat of the Governiuent of the United States: and that Ihe President be authorized to 
appoint tliree Commissioners to survey, and by proper metes and bounds deHne and limit, a district of territory under 
the limitations above mentioned." 

By a proclamation of the President, dated .5Qth March, 1791, the following were defined as the boundaries of the 
territory : " Beginning at Jones' Point, being the upper cape of Hunting Creek, in Virginia, and at an angle of 45 
degrees west of the north, and running in a direct line ten miles for the first line; then beginning again at the same 
Jones' Point, and running another direct line, at a right angle with the first, across the Potomac, ten miles, for the second 
line ; then from the terminations of the said first and second lints, running two other direct lines of ten miles each, the 
one crossing the Eastern Branch and the other the Potomac, and meeting each other in a point." The diagonal lines of 
this square run north and south, east and west, and, consequently, its angles are formed at the cardinal points. 

The District of Columbia, as now demarked, contains only one county, that of Washington ; and in this are comprised 
the cities of "Washington and Georgetown, and what are denominated the country parts. The statistical condition of 
this county, etc., in 1S50, as exhibited in the census of that year, is as follows; 

Civtt rivision^. nweli;n»5. F.iniili,?s. Popiilalion. Farms. 



Washington City, 1st Ward 940 



2d 
8d 
4th 
Bth 
Cth 
7th 



Total 



1,0,57 
9S2 

1,216 
716 
645 
7S9 

6,345 



, 991 5,54-3 

l,r>6S 6,934 

9?2 5.908 

1,216 8.7S0 

769 4,187 

601 3,714 

S92 4,985 

0,679 40,001 



Georgetown, X. W. part 4G1 

" other parts 713 



Countrj-— 15. of Turnpike 222 

" ' W. " 176 

Total S9S 



4S3 

7-33 



4 
20 



1.215 

222 
176 



8,.3Gfl 9 

130 

90 



9iiiii«r. 

. 10 

. 78 

. 116 

. 101 

. 81 

. 17 

. 13 

. 356 

9 

. 50 

. 69 



12 



Grand Total 7,917 



.. 204 427 



The following exhibits the caste and sexes of the population in the sever.il civil divisions : 

Wliite t'emods. Fre« Cnl(,r*J. Slare. 



rivii r 


ivlw;..n.. 


IMnle. 


Fomrile. 


Totnl. 


Male. 


Ferinilt. 


T<.t.il. 


.M«lf. 


Female. 


Total. 


As'Kl 

Po|.i.la. 


Washington 


1st Ward 


... 1.609.. 


.. 1.S93.. 


.. 2.502.. 


.. 740.. 


..1,044.. 


..1,790.. 


.. 90.. 


.. 161.. 


.. 2,51.. 


.. .5„548 


•' 


2d " 


. .. 2,432.. 


.. 2.599.. 


.. .5.081.. 


.. 603.. 


.. 9S6.. 


..1.541. 


..107.. 


.. 2.55.. 


.. 362.. 


.. 6.9U 


" 


8d " 


... 2.345.. 


.. 2,401.. 


.. 4,746.. 


.. 85;!. 


.. 528.. 


.. 881. 


.. 88.. 


.. 19S.. 


.. 231.. 


.. 5.90S 


" 


4th " 


... 8,491.. 


.. 8,409.. 


.. 6.900.. 


.. 547.. 


.. 78S.. 


..l,-335.. 


..201.. 


.. 844.. 


.. 545.. 


.. 8,780 


" 


5th " .... 


... 1,262.. 


.. 1.4.53,. 


.. 2,720.. 


.. 491.. 


.. 66S.. 


..1,159.. 


.. 90.. 


.. 168.. 


.. 253.. 


.. 4,137 


" 


Mb " 


... 1.604.. 


.. 1,746.. 


.. 3,410.. 


.. 73.. 


.. 69.. 


.. 142.. 


.. 62.. 


.. 100.. 


.. 162.. 


.. 3.174 


" 


7lli " 


... 1,775.. 


.. 1.7:M.. 


.. S..',00.. 


.. 549.. 


.. 676.. 


..1.225.. 


..100.. 


.. 154.. 


.. 2.54.. 


. 4.985 




Total 


...14,578.. 


..16,2o7.. 


..29,M5 


8,862 


4,711 


S,073 


783 


1,3S0 


2,113 


40.001 


Georgetown 


N. W. part... 


. .. 1.225.. 


.. 1,304.. 


.. 2,5S9.. 


.. 189.. 


.. 2,52.. 


.. 482.. 


..119.. 


.. 209.. 


.. 323.. 


.. 3349 


" 


other parts . . . 


. .. 1,079.. 


.. 1,513.. 


.. 8,592.. 


.. 4.«7.. 


.. 641.. 


..1,138.. 


..12s.. 


.. 274.. 


.. 897.. 


.. 5,017 




Total 


... 2,904.. 


.. 8,177.. 


.. 6,031.. 


.. 667.. 


.. 693.. 


..1,500.. 


..243.. 


.. 4S3.. 


.. 795.. 


.. 6,366 



140 



THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. 



Wliite I'ersons. Frt^e Ccli-red. 




J^.l«, 


Fenialtf. 


W.il«. 


Kemale. 


2 .... 


2 ... 


.... 1 .. 





5 .... 


.. 3 ... 


.... .. 


1 


4 .... 


.... 4 ... 


.... 1 .. 





3 .... 


.... 1 ... 


.... .. 





U .... 


....10 ... 


.... 2 .. 


1 



Ag'te 

Ci*il Piriflions. Male. Female. Total. Male. Female. Tdlal, Miile. Fenmk. TuTnl. PojiuL 

Coantry- E. of Turnpike 5S2.... ^96.... 1,17S.... 121.... 111.... 232... 294.... 252.... 5i6.... 1.956 

" W. " 4S4.... 469.... 953.... 60.... 4S..,. lOS... 15:^.... 150.... 303.... l.SM 

Total 1,066.... 1,065.... 2.131.... ISl.... 159.... 340... 44T.... 402... 849.... 3,320 

Gran.l Total... 1S,M3.... 19,479.... 38,0-2T....4,'210..,. 5,763.... 9,973... 1,422.... 2,265.... 3,G.S7....51,6S7 

DECENNIAL MOVEMENT OF POPULATION. 

Dale of White Tt>t..I 

Cenaus. IVrsoni. Free Col. Slav& I'..l.nl.T. 

ISOO 10,066 "S3 8,244 14,093 

ISIO 16,079 2,S49 5,;}95 24,l23 

1820 22,614 4,043 6,077 33,039 

1S30 27.&G3 6,152 6,119 30fi^ 

1S40 30,657 8,361 4,694 43,712 

1S50 SS,027 9,973 3,6S7 51,6S7 

or if the County of Altxandria be included in the returns for 1S50 — and auch, for comparison with former returns, will 
be necessary — the figures are ns follows : 

45,240 11,350 5,069 61,695 

^The number of persons in the District suffering from physical infirmities was, in 1S50, as follows : 

Infirniitie,*. 

Deaf and dumb 7 9 2 2 1 21 

Blind T 7 5 3 1 28 

Insane 10 

Idiotic 3 

Total 27 23 14 10 2 1 77 

The emplnyments of the District embrace almost every branch of national industrj'. Its manufactures and conmierce 
are exttn.'ive, and its agriculture, though confined chiefly to the production of city-market products, is in a highly 
flourishing contlition. In relation to these subjects, the census of 1S50 supplies the following returns : 

Occupied iMnch^ etc. — Improved lands, 16,267 acres, and unimproved lands, 1!,1S7 acres, valued at $1,730,460. 
Number of farms, 261. Value of farming implements and machini-ry. $4ii,320. 

Zii'^-StocA: — Horses 824, asses and mules 57, milch cows S13, working oxen 104, other cattle 123, sheep 150, swine 
1,635— valued in the aggregate at $71,643. 

Agncultural Products. — Wheat, 17,370 bushels; rye, 5,509 ; Indian com, 65.230; oals, 8,134; barley,75; buckwheat, 
873; peas and beans, 7,754; Irish potatoes, 2S,292; sweet potatoes. 3.497 bushels; tobacco, 7,S0n pounds: bay, 2.279 
tons; clover seed. 3 bushels; hops, 15 pounds; wine, 803 gallons; value of the products of orchards. $14,SJ3 ; and 
of market-gardens, $67.222 ; bei'swax and honey. 550 ; wool, 525 pounds; butler, 14.S72 pounds; elieese, 1,500 pounds; 
and the value of animals slauglitered, $9,ii3S. Value of home-made manufactures, $2,075. 

3faniifiirfurfK. — Aggregate capital invested. $l,iiO(t,000 ; value of raw material, fuel, etc., consumed, $1,01*0.000 ; average 
number of hamls employed, 1,000 ; males 5'i0. and females 50" ; average monthly cost of male labor, $]t\000, and of 
female labor. $5,000; annual value of products, $1,000,000. The whole number of manufacturing establishments, 
producing to the value of $500 and upward annually, was 427. and of these one w.is engaged in the manufacture of cotton 
goods, one in that of woolen goods, and two in making castings of iron — the remainder being distributed to a variety of 
handicrafts. The statistics of the specified manufactures were as follows: 

Cotlnn. Wool-n, C.T*t Iron. 

Capital invested dollars 85,000 700 14,000 

Value of raw materials " 67,000 1,630 IS.IOO 

Hands employed, males number 41 2 27 

" females " 103 — — 

Average monthly wages dollars l.ii'O 60 529 

Value of produt-ts " 100,000 2,400 41,696 

Cotton consumed bales 900 — — 

Sheeting, etc., produced yards 1,400,000 — — 

"Wool " pounds — 5.000 — 

Cloth, manufactured yards — lii,0('0 — 

Pig iron — — 545 

Mineral coal — — 80 

Castings made tons — — ^^3 

Cbmmcrc^, htt^mal Oyjvmnnicotum. *tc.— The foreign commerce of the Di.tlrict is limited. In the year ending 30th 
June, 1?.")0. the exports and imports were as follows: Exports— <lomestie produce- in American vessels. $72,175; in 
foreign vessels. $S.213; total domeslic produce, $S0,3SS; foreign produce— in American vessels, $200: total exports, 
$S0.5SS. Imports— in American vessels. $.59,219 : in foreign vessels, 600 : total, 59,S19— balance in favor of exports, $2ii.7rt9. 
The number of vessels entered during the year was nine, of an aggregate burden of 1.414 t^ms; and the number 
clcared.ten vessels, of 1.720 ton.s. Of the vessels entered, two, and 154 tons, were foreign, and of those cleared, two. nnd 2^0 
tons— the remainder Ix-ing American. Ceorcetown is the only port Alexandria, formerly a district city, has e:i:hl timed 
the amount of foreign commerce, owing probably to its being the eastern terminus of tlie Chcsapcako and ( Hiiti CanaL 

141 



COL 



COL 



The tonnage owned ^\'ithin the District is 17,010 tons, of which 2,796 is registered, and the remainder enrolled and 
licensed, and empioyed in the coasting trade and on the canal. The steam marine measures 1,949 tons. During the 
year 1319-50, llicre were built 8 sloops and canal boats of 28S tons burden. 

The District is connected with the interior by numerous fine turnpilies, and by railroads diverging from the neighbor- 
hood on both sides of the Potomac, and also through that river and its several branches. The Chesapeake and Ohio 
Canal has ita terminus at Georgetown, and extends to a western terminus at Cumberland, to which point and along Iho 
whole line of ita route an active commerce with the District is carried on. The railroads of the District are the Washing- 
ton Branch R. R., connecting it with Baltimore, and the West and South; and diverging from Alexandria, which is 
virtually a part of the nietrtipoUs, are the Orange and iVIexandria R. R. (which connects at Gordonsville, its S, terminus, 
Willi the Virginia Central K. R.); and the Manassas Gap R. R., wliich extends into the heart of elevated valleys beyond 
the first ridge of the Alleghanies. These avenues open to the national capital a respectable sphere of commerce, and 
when completed will be the means of greatly enlarging the trade and general interests of the place. 

Gaveruvifnt, etc. — The government of the District is vested solely in Congress. It has no representation, nor any Toice in 
the election of federal officers. The only fundamental laws, beyond tiie Constitution of the United States, to which its govern- 
ors are subject are those which were in force in Maryland at the period of the cession of the jurisdiction of that State in 17SS. 

Wasuington and Geobgetown are Uie cities of the District: these are described under their proper captions. 



CoLuMniA county, Flor. Situate N., and contains 2,400 
eq. m. Drained E. by creeks of St. Mary*3 anrl St. John's 
rivers, and W. by tributaries of Suwance r., which forms 
its boundary in that direction. It contains several small 
lakes and springs, the sources of its streams. Surface gen- 
er.ally level, covered with pines, and in many parts swampy. 
Okeflnokee Swamp extends from Georgia into this county. 
The soils are sandy and mostly unfit for cultivation, but 
there are exceptions. Farms 475; manuf 3; dwell. 669, 
and pop.— wh. 3,541, fr. col. 1, si. 1,2G0— total 4,S0S. Ctip- 
iUd: Alligator. 

Columbia county. Ga. Situate E., and contains 5S0 sq. 
m. Drained by Little r. and other tributaries of Savannah 
r.. which rise on its N. E. border. Surface undulating, and 
soils generally fertile. The ciiiof products are cotton, In- 
dian com, and other grains. Gold is also a production of 
the county, but in no large quantities. Farms 4S9 ; manuf. 
7: dwell. 751, and pop.— wh. 3,617, fr. col. 72, si. 8.272— 
total 11,901. Capital: Appling. Public }Vbrks: Georgia 
E. R. 

CoLiTMRiA county, y. y. Situate E. between Hudson r. 
and the State line of Massachusetts, and contains C24 sq. m. 
Drained by Kinderhook, Claverac, Copake, and other 
creeks of Hudson r. Surface varied, chiefly consisting of 
two longitudinal valleys; soils highly fertile. Pine, hickory, 
oak, maple, elm, and chestnut are the principal forest trees. 
Iron, lead, manganese, zinc, marble, and other building 
etone are abundant. Mineral springs, sulphurous and 
chalybeate, are found in Lebanon and Stockport. The 
county has great facilities for commerce, and in manufac- 
tures has made great progress. Ita agricultural products 
are the cereals, potatoes, butter, cheese, and wool. Farms 
250; manuf. 208; dwell. 7.029, and pop.— wh. 41.771. fr. eol. 
1.S02— total 43,073. Capital: Hudson City. PuhlL-Workf : 
Hudson River R. R. ; Harlem R. R. ; Albany and West 
Stockbridire (western) R. R. ; Hudson and Berkshire R. R. ; 
Lebanon Springs R. R., etc. 

CoLiTMniA county, Penn. Situate N. E. centrally, and 
contains C^O sq. m. Drained by Fishing. Cattawissa, Big 
Roaring, and other creeks of the E. branch of Susquehanna 
r., which traverses it from N. E. to S. W. Surface broken 
and uneven, wooded, and the soils generally fertile, pro- 
ducing the grains in great abundance. Iron and coal un- 
derlie the greater part of the connty and have been worked 
successfully. Rotter's earth is also found. Farms 1.179; 
tnanuf. 291 ; dwell. 2,924. and pop.— wh. 17,607, fr. col. 103 
—total 17,710. Capital: Bloomsburg. Public WorJcJi : 
^orth Branch Canal and Cattawissa R. R., etc. 

CoT.rMRiA county. Wise. Situate centrally, and contains 
796 Bq. m. Drained by the Neenah or Fox r. on the N., 
by Wisconsin r. on the W., and a branch of Rock r. on the 
B. E. The Ncenah and Wisconsin here approximate each 
other closely, and ibcir naviffation is united by means of a 
cimni cut lhro\igh Winnebago portage. The surface is level 
p^.^irie interspersed wilh groves, and the soils are exeeed- 
iiigly rcrlile. Farms S3S; manuf. 24; dwell. 1,853, and 
143 



pop.— wh. 9,547, fr. col. IS — total 9,565. Capital: Fort 
Winnebago. Public Wor/cs : Portage Canal. 

Columbia, p. v., Henry co., Al<i. : on the E. side of Chat- 
tahoochee r., 100 m. S. E. Montgomery. 

CoLruBiA, p. v., and cap. Chicot co.. Ark. : on the 
isthmus between the Mississippi r. and Old River Lake, 142 
m. S. E. Little Rock. It is a pleasant v., with 7 or S stores, 
and about 300 inhabit.inta. The whole countrj" round is one 
cluster of cotton plantations. 

Columbia, t. and p. v., Tolland co., Conn. : 21 ra. E. S. E. 
Hartford. Drained by a branch of Willimantic r., which 
affords water-power. Surface uneven, and soils gravelly — 
well adapted to grazing. It has but few manufactures. 
Pop. 2.041. 

Columbia, p. t., Fayette co., Tnd. : on Garrison's cr. of 
White Water r., about 3 m. W. of tlie latter, and 51 m. 
E. S. E. Indianapolis. 

Columbia, p. v., and cap. Whitley co., Ind.: o» the 
N. W. side of Blue r., 105 m. N. N. E. Indianapolis. It is 
a flourishing v. and has about GOO inhabitants. 

Columbia, p. v., Monroe co., Jll. : 97 m. S. by W. Spring- 
field, and 13 m. S. of Illinoistown on the Mississippi r. 

Columbia, v., Wapello co., la. : on the N. side of Des 
Moines r., €1 m. S. W. by W. Iowa City. 

Columbia, p. v., and cap. Adair co., Ki/.: on Russell's 
cr. of Green r., 79 ra. S. S. E. Frankfort Pop. 600. 

Columbia, p. v., and cap. Caldwell par.. La. : on the W. 
side Wachita r., 124 m. N. N. W. Baton Rouge. It contains 
the county C. H. and about 200 inhabitants. 

Columbia, t. and p. v., W'ashington co., Me.: in the S. 
part of the eo., 112 m. E. by N. Augusta. Pleasant River 
Bay sets up to its S. border, and the ri ver itself passes through 
the t., furnishing excellent mill sites. lis trade is consider- 
able, particularly in lumber. The v. is located at the head 
of tide water, on Pleasant r. Pop. oft. 1,140. 

CoLUMBiA, t and p. o., Jaekson co., Mich.: on North 
Raisin r., 45 m. S. S. E. Lansing. The t is well drained 
by numerous lakes and streams, and is one of the most 
flourishing in the county. Pop. 1,140. 

Columbia, p. v., and cap. Boone co.. Mo,: on the W. 
side of Ilinckson's branch of Rochperce r., a tributary of 
Missouri r., 27 m. N. N. W. Jcffurson City. 

Columbia, p. v., an<i cap. Marion co., Miss.: on the E. 
si<le of Pearl r., 77 m. S. S. E. Jackson. 

Columbia, p. v., and cap. Tyrrell co., A^ Car. : on the E. 
side of Scoupernong cr., 3 or 4 m. from ita confluence with 
All>eniarlc Sound, and 168 m. E. Raleigh. 

Coli'mbia, t. and p. o., C^xis co., N. ITawp. : on the E. 
siiie of Connecticut r., 108 m N. by W. Concord. The sur- 
face is uneven and mountainous, and has several rapid 
creeks flowing to the Connecticut There are also several 
small ponds in the t, on the banks of one of which. Lime 
pond, Vast quantities of shells ar« found, from which lime 
is made. Pop, 762. 

Columbia, t and p. v., Herkimer co., K. Y. : about 10 m. 
S. of the village of Herkimer, and 63 m. W. N. W. Albany. 



COL 



COL 



The t. is drained by the head streams of (he Unadilla and 
Pusqiu'hanna rivers, and by creeks flowing N. to the Mo- 
hawk r. Fop. 2,001. 

CoLUJiBiA, p. v., Warren co., X. Jer.: on the E. side of 
Dehiware r., at the moulli of Taulin's Kill, 52 ra. N. N. W, 
Trenton. 

CoLuMDiA. I. and p. o., Hamilton co., Ohio: on the N. 
side ofthe Ohio and Lilllc Miami r., 6 m. E. Cincinnati and 
96 m. S. W, Cohimbus. The Little Miami li. i:. traversea 
its S. border in the valley of the rivor. Pop. 2,416. 

Columbia, p. v., Lancaster co., Penn. : on the E. bank 
of Susquehanna r., over which there is a bridge 5,G9U feet 
long, resting on stone piers. It is connected with Havre de 
Grace by the Tide Water Canal, and the Philadelphia and 
Columbia K. E. passes through it and branches off to the 
N. W., to a junction with the Lancaster and Ilarrinburg 
E. K. It has considerable trade with Baltimore and Phila- 
delphia. The txirough contains a town hall, Jail, \'6 church- 
es, and a number of other public buildings; and it is sup- 
plied with water, through pipes, from some springs in 
the vicinity. The '*C. Spy" is published weekly. Pop. 
4,840. 

ConTMniA, p. cily, and cap. Eichland dist., S. Car., and 
capital of tlie Slate: on the E. side of Congaree r, imme- 
diately below tlie confluence of its constituents, Uroad and 
Saluda rivers, in lat. 83^1 57'^ and long. Sl° 07' W., 5(10 m. 
S. by VT. Washington. The r. is here open to ligiit draft 
navigation. The city is built on an elevated plain of aliout 
S or 4 miles in extent — the descent sloping in all directions 
gradually. It was foumled in 17S7, and is laid out on the 
rectangular plan, the streets crossing each otlier at right 
angles, and 100 feet wide. The principal buildings arc the 
State House, the county buildings, market house, banking 
houses, academics, and churches. The State House, in the 
central part of the city, is 170 feet long and CO feet wide, two 
stories high. Columbia Is also the seat of the South Caro- 
lina College, founded in 1S04, and which, in ISoO. had 8 
professors and 195 students, and a library of 17,000 volumes. 
The college buildings are very extensive and of brick, sur- 
mounting one of which is a fine obsen*atory, which posses- 
ses apparatus of great value. This institution is under the 
patronage of the State. The Southern Theological Sem- 
^lary is also located here. It is a Presbyterian institution, 
and in 1350 it had G professors and 32 students, with a li- 
brary of 4,600 volumes. The dwelling houses are chiefly 
of wood, but there are several built of brick in a style of 
elegance becoming the capital of the State. The city is 
BUpplied with pure water from springs, raised by steam- 
power, and distributed through iron pipes. The high situ- 
ation the city occupies contributes greatly to the health of 
the inhabitants, and also affords an extensive view of the 
surrounding scenery, wliich is chiefly a cotton and corn re- 
gion, in the highest state of culture. 

Columbia has three daily and two weekly newspapers— 
the dailies are, tiie "State Eights Republican" (dem), the 
"South Carolinian" (dem.), and the "Telegraph" (indcp.\ 
the last two of which issue also tri-weekly and weekly 
editions; and the weeklies are the "Palmetto State Ban- 
ner" (dem.), and the "South Carolina Temperance Advo- 
cate." The city has also considerable manufactures, which 
have been altogether initiated witliin the past decade, and 
Its trade and commercial connection has greatly advanced 
since the completion of the lines of railroad diverging in 
all directions from this the chief railroad centre of the State, 
an^ when the system proposed fur South Carolina shall 
have formed junctions with the lines of the surrounding 
States, ine commercial prosperity of this cily will be inde- 
finitely enhanced. The railroads now centering in Colum- 
bia are— the Columbia Branch ofthe South Carolina E. K. ; 
the Ctiarlotle and South Carolina E. P.. ; and the Greenville 
and C'olumbia E. P.., with their branches and connection-. 
West and North. The design is to continue the last through 
Eabun Gap to Chattanooga, thus connecting this place di- 



rectly with the Ohio Valley railroads, and those extending 
to and, beyond the Mississippi river. Poj). 6,060. 

Columbia, p. v., and cap. Maury co.. Teun, : on the S. 
side of Inick r., 39 m. S. by W. Nashville. Jackson Col- 
lege, founded 1833, is located here, and in 1S50 had 5 pro- 
fessors, 26 students, and a library of 2,5eo vuhimea. Two 
newspapers, the "Tennessee Democrat" (dem.), and the 
" Maury lutelligencer" \^whig). are published weekly; and 
the "Guardian" (hteniry), monthly. The public buiMings 
are the C. H. and county jail, and the village also contains 
several stores and about 2,010 inhabitants. The railroad 
from Nashville via Florence, etc., to Jackson and New Or- 
leans, will pass through or near this place. 

Columbia, p. v., Brazoria co., TVw. ; on the W. side of 
Brazos r., 3S m. from the gulf, and 154 m. S. E. Austin City. 
It is a flourishing village and euj"y3 considerable river 
trade. Pop. 360. 

Columbia, p. o., Fluvanna co., Virg. : on the N. side of 
James r., where it is joined by the Eivannar., 49 m.W.N.W. 
Eichmond. Pop. 300. 

Columbia Centre, p. o., Licking co., Ohio: 33 m. N. E. 
by E. Columbus. 

Columbia City, p. v., Clark co., Or^i/. Ter. : on the 
N. bank of Columbia r., 57 m. N. Salem. It has good 
prospects of becoming one of the commercial places of 
future Oregon. 

Columbia Cr.oss Eoads, p. o., Bradford co., re7m. : 122 
m. N. by E. Ilarrisburg. 

Columbia Furnace, p. v., Shenandoah co., Virg.: 112 
ra. N. W. Eichmond. 

Columbia (or Okegon) river, Oreg. Ter, : is the great 
river of the country, and the recipient of all the other rivers 
of tlie territory, having their origin eastward of the ccast 
range of mountains. lis N. branch rises in the Eocky 
Mountains in about 50° N. lat. and 116^ W. long., and 
thence pursues a X. route to near M'Gillivray's Pass. Here 
the river is 3,600 feet above the sca-Ievel, and. receiving 
Canoe r., it then turns S., and in its course to Fort Colvillc 
it successively takes up the waters of numerous tributaries, 
the chief of which are the Kootanie, or Flat Bow, and P'lat 
Head or Clark's rivers. The Columbia is thus far surround- 
ed by high mountains, and often expands into a chain of 
lakes. At Cclville its elevation is 2,049 feet above the sea, 
having fallen 55G feet in 220 miles. To the S. of this point 
it tends to the W., receiving Spokan r. from the E. ; 
thence it pursues a W. course for GO m., and bending to the 
S., receives Okanagon r., which has its source in a line of 
lakes extensively s^usceptible of canoe navigation. The 
Columbia thenee passes S. until it reaches Wallawalla, in 
45^ N. lat, and receives the Saptin or Lewis r. ; hero the 
elevation of the Columbia is l,2b6 feet, and its width about 
3,500 feet. It now takes its last turn to the W., receiving 
the Umatilla, Quisnel's, Jolm Day's, and Chute rivers from 
the S., and Calhlatale's from the N., and jiursuiiig a rapid 
course for SO m., it passes tlie gorge of the Cascade 
Mountains in a series of falls and rapids, that form an 
insurmountable obstacle to the passage of boats, even in 
time of flood, and are overcome by portages. From this 
point there is still-water navigation for 40 miles, when rapids 
again interrupt free sailing, but hence to the ocean 120 
miles, the river, though frequently obslrueled by bars, ia 
open U.^ vessels of less than 12 feet draft. \i\ this part of its 
course it receives the Willamelle r. from the S., and tho 
Cowlitz from the N. The Willamette is navigable for small 
vessels to within three miles of its falls. Within a distance 
of 20 miles fnmi iJie ocean, the Columbia is greatly increased 
in wi<lth. and at its mouth, between Cape Disappointment 
and Cape Adams, its width is seven miles, but from each 
of these capes a sand-bar extends T\hich renders the 
actual navigable channel contracted and narrow. Tho 
mouth of the Columbia was discovered by Captain Gray, 
of Boston, commander of ship Columbia, of 220 toa-i, on the 
lllh May, 1792; and on the strength of thia discovery the 

143 



COL 



COL 



United Slates based their right to the territory watered by 
its tributiirics. 

CoLUMBiAKA countv, Ohio, Situate E., and contains 740 
sq. m. Drained by Little Beaver r. and its branches, and 
the Ohio r. washes ita S. E. borders. Surface in the S. hilly 
and broken, with a light soil — in the N. and middle more 
level, with deep and productive soils. Limestone and 
water lime exist in all parts ; salt springs in the S., marl In 
the N., and iron ore and bituminous coal in the central dis- 
tricts ; live-stock is numerous ; and the agricultural products 
very large; and coal and salt have long been produced in 
large quantities. Farms 2.33S; manuf. ISO; dwell. 5,S34, 
and pop.— wh. 83,444, fr. col. 177— total 33,6>1. Capital: 
New Lisbon. Pithlk- Works : Ohio and Pennsylvania R.K.; 
Cleveland and Pitleburg E. E., etc. ; and the Sandy and 
Beaver Canal. 

Columbiana, p. v., and cap. Shelby co., Ala.: 7 m. W. 
of Coosa r., and 5S m. N. by W. Montgomery. 

CoLUMDTANA, p. T., Columbiana co., Ohio : on the line of 
the Ohio and Pennsylvania R. li., 59 m. from Pittsburg and 
182 m. E. N. E. Columbus. Pop. 600. 

Columbian Grove, p. o., Lunenburgh co., Virg.: 66 m. 
S. W. Richmond. 

Columbus county, N. Car. Situate S. E., and contains 
530 sq. m. Drained by Lumber r. and its tributiu-ics, and 
in the S. and E. by White Marsh and Beaver creeks of 
"Waccomaw r. Surface low, and somewhat marshy. Soils 
good with some exceptions, producing corn, potatoes, and 
rice. Farms 399; manuf. 5; dwell. 777, and pop. — wh. 
4,257, fr. cul. 149, si. 1,503— total 5,909. Capital: Whites- 
ville, PiihUc Works : Wilmington and Manchester R. R. 

Columbus, p. v., Hempstead co., Ark.: 122 m. S. W. 
Little Rock. 

Columbus, p. v., Columbia co., Flor. : on the E. side of 
Suwanee r., immediately below the confluence of Witlila- 
coochee r., 64 ra. E. by S. Tallahassee. 

Columbus, p. v., and cap. Muscogee co,, Ga. : on the E. 
Bide of Cliattahoochce r., at the head of steam navigation, 
and immediately below the falls of the r., which have a 
descent of 111 feet in 3 miles, 113 ra. "W. by S. Milledgeville. 
It is 175 miles above the junction with Flint r., and 275 m. 
above Appalachicola Bay. Immediately below the falls the 
river has a \\idth of only IIS yarJs, but soon cxpanils to 
250 yards wide. The site of the v. is 60 feet above the or- 
dinary height of the r., and covers 1,200 acres. Two streets 
running parallel with the r. N. and S., are 105 feet wide, 
and six others have a width of 132 feel; these are intersect- 
ed at right angles l>y twelve other streets, which are yo feet 
wide. It contiiins a C. IL, jail, several banks, a market- 
house, numerous churches, and about 2,400 dwellings; and 
it also has several large cotton mills, and woolen factories 
and flouring mills. It is one of the great eommercia! cen- 
tres of Georgia, and a depdt of a large extent of rich cotton 
country. The Muscogee K. R. terminates here, and extends 
hence to Macon, connecting with the Central R. R. to Savan- 
nah, and the Macon and Western R. R., etc., to Nashville and 
Knoxville, Tenn. ; from Gerard, on the opposite side of the 
river, a railroad is about to be built to Moljile. The bridge 
over the r. at this point cost $30,000. A large number of 
steamboats ply on the r, carrjing cotton, etc., to the sea- 
board and New Orleans; at all sfasons, boats drawing 5 
feet of water ran come up to this place. Columbus is a v. 
of modem date, having been !aiii out in 1S2S ; its growth 
has been rapid— in 1940 it had 3,114 inhabitants, and in 
1S50. about 5,942. It has three newspapers, the " C. Times," 
published tri-weekly and weekly, and the "C. Enquirer" 
anrl the "S'lUthern Sentinel," published weekly. 

CoMiMniTs, p. V,. and cap. Bartholomew co., bid. : on the 
E. bank of the E. fork of White r., immediately below the 
mouth of Flat Rock er.. i\ ra. S. S. E. Indianapolis. Its sit- 
uation is a flue one, on high ground overlooking the valleys 
of White r., Flat Rock cr, and Haw cr., which nearly sur- 
round it. The line of tho Madiaon and Indianapolis R. K. 



passes through the v., and here also is the N. terminus of 
the Jeffersonville R. R. It is a place of considerable inan- 
nfactures, and its trade and commerce, fostered by its am- 
ple facilities of transportation, are large and ever increasing. 
It has two newspapers, the "Spirit of the West'' (whig), 
and the " 0. Democrat," both issued weekly. Pop. about 
1,008. 

Columbus, p. v., Adams co., HI. : on the Quincy and 
Columbus R. R., 80 ra. W. by N. Springfield, and 15 m. 
from Quincy, on the Mississippi r. 

Columbus, p. v., and cap. Hickman <o., Ky.: on tha 
Mississippi r., 25 m. below the mouth of the Ohio r., and 
252 m. W. S. W. Frankfort. 

CoLUMitt^, t. and p. v., St. Clair co., Mich. : on Belle r., 
97 m. E. Lansing. Pup. 3,077. 

Columbus, p. city, and cap. Lowndes co., 3fiss. : at the 
head of steamboat navigation, and E. of Tombigbee r., 126 
m. N. E. Jackson. The city is built on an elevated bank, 
12i) feet above the r., and contains, besides the court-house 
and other county buildings. 7 churches and several largo 
warehouses. There is a bridge across the river which cost 
$50,000. The trade centering here is large, the city being 
the chief depot for (he cotton, etc., of an extensive country; 
and the inhabitanLs enjoy the benefit of a well-conducted 
paper, the " C. Democrat," which is published weekly. 
Pop. 2,611. 

Columbus, p. v., Johnson co., 3fo. : on Black r., 92 m. W. 
by N. Jefferson City. 

Columbus, p. v., Burlington co., K. Jer. : 11 m. S. by E. 
Trenton. 

Columbus, t. and p. v., Chenango co., JV. Y. : on the W. 
side of Unadilla cr., SO m. W. ^Vlbany. The v. is a small 
agricultural settlement. Pop. of L l,33l. 

Columbus, p. city, and cap. Franklin co., Ohio, and cap. 
of the State of Ohio : on the E. side of tho Scioto r., just 
below the confluence of the Whetstone r., in lat. 39° 57' N., 
and long. 83° 03' W., 396 m. frcmi Washington. Previous 
to 1S12, when it was fixed on for the State capital, the site 
of the city was in the wilderness. In 1S20 it contained 1,400 
inhabitants ; in 18:30, 2.4^39 ; in 1840, 6,048 ; and in 1S50.17.SS3. 

The lan«l on which the city is built rises gradually from 
the r., and the streets are laid out at right angles. Broatl- 
street extends from the river along the National Road to the 
E. of the city, and is 120 feet wide, and High-street, 100 
feet wide, crosses Broad at the N. W. comer of the Public 
Square, of 10 acres, running N. and S. This is tlie princi- 
pal business street. All other streets are S3 feet wide, and 
the alleys 33 feet wide. The public buildings are the Cai>- 
ito! or State House, the Penitentiary, asylums severally for 
the insane, the deaf and dumb, and the blind ; several col- 
leges, seminaries, and numerous churches of all denomina- 
tions. The old State House was destroyed by fire on tho 
1st Feb., 1S52, and in consequence a great number of 
documents illustrating the history of the State were lost, 
never to be restored. The new State House is one of 
the most magnificent buihiings in the Union. It is 304 
feet long and 1S4 feet wide, covering an area of 55,936 
square feet. The basement is 10 feet above the common 
surface ; the height of blocking course is 62 feet, and to iho 
top of the rotunda 157 feet, its diameter being 64 feet. Tho 
first floor contains 28 fire-proof rooms for the public ofiices; 
and the second floor contains the Hall of Representatives, 
which is 84 feet long and 72} feet wide, the Senate Cham- 
ber 56 feet by V2\ ; the Library, the U. S. Court room, and 
26 committee rooms. The State Penitentiarj- is also a spa- 
cious and elegant edifice on the Scioto r., N.W. of the State 
House. It is a splendid building, of hewn limestone; the 
ccntri.' L9 56 feet long, 4 stories high, and the two wings eneh 
200 feet long and 3 stories high. The private dwellings are 
generally neat, substantial, and many of them elegant. 

The avenues of travel and commerce connecting Colum- 
bus with other parts of the Stale and Union, are the National 
Road, a branch of the Ohio Canal, the Columbus and Xeuia 



COL 



CON 



E. E., the Cleveland, Columbus, and Cincinnati E. K., the 
Central Ohio E. E., etc. The railroads are the creations of 
the last ten years, and have been the cause of the extraor- 
diuary triplication of the populalitin in that period. As a 
conimcreial dep6t. the city has eminent facilities — as a central 
position, in regard in everj' portion of Ihe Slate, its location 
on one of the largest rivers,' nntl its grand works of internal 
improvement. It has numerous and extensive manufac- 
tures, and, on the whole, is one of the mopt prosperous 
among western cities. There are published within tho city 
two daily newspapers, both of which also issue tri-weekly 
and weekly editions ; four weekly, one semi-monthly, 
two monthly, and one occasional. The dailies are the 
"Ohio State Journal'' (whig), and the "Ohio Statesman" 
(dcm.) The weeklies are the "Ohio Standard" (whig), 
the " Dollar," and " Swan's Elevator'* (neutral), and 
"Per \Vestbote" (Germ.) The semi-monthly is the "Ohio 
Cultivator" (ain"ic.) The monthlies are the " '\\'e«toTn Lit- 
erary Magazine," and the '• Ark ;" and the " Conventional 
Eeporter" is published occasionally. 

CoLr-MBUs, t. and p. o., AVarron eo., Pcnn. : 1S9 m. N.'W. 
Harrisburg. Iron is manufactured in Iliis t. Pnp. 1.422. 

CoLUMBrs, p. v., Polk CO., Tenti. : on tho N. bank of the 
Hiwassee r., 1S3 m. S. E. by E. Nashville. 

Columbus, p. v., and cap. Colorado co.. 7Jv. ; on the "W. 
bank of Colorado r., &3 m. in a direct line S. E. from Austin 
Cily. The v. stands on a high bluff, forming part of a 
beautiful elevated prairie, surrounded by dense forests of 
cotton-wood, live-oak, etc. The population amounts to 
about COO. 

CoLUMnrs, t. and p. v., Columbia co., Wise. : on a branch 
of Eock r., 26 m. N. E. Madison. Pop. 960. 

CoLCMBVs CiTT, p. V., Louisn CO., fa. : on the "W. Ride 
of Iowa r., about 2 m. below the junction of Cedar r., 27 m. 
S. by E. Inwa City. Pop. 1.1?3. 

CoLVRi, p. v., and cap. Colusi co.. Cat//. : on the "W. 
side of Sacramento r., in the S. E. corner of the co., 80 ra. 
N. by E. Vallejo. 

Colusi county, Calif. Situate N. W., and contains 
3,000 sq. m. Drained by numerous tributaries of Sacramento 
r., which forms its E. border. Surface generally level— in 
the W. hilly and mountainous, being in that direction 
bounded by the coast range. Farms — ; manuf. — ; dwell. 
— . and pop.— wh. 536, fr. col. 84— total 620. Capital: 
Colusi. 

Colvin's T.wern, p. 0., Culpepper co., Virg. : 77 m. 
N. N. W. Kichmond. 

O0.MAL county, Tex. Situate S. W. centrally, and con- 
tains 760 sq. ra. Drained centrally by creeks of the Eio 
Guadalupe, on the N. by Marten's Fork of Kio San Marcos, 
and in the P. "W. by Ihc Eio Cibolo, which bounds it in that 
direction. Surface mountainous, with the great Valley of 
the Gnadalupe intervening. Soils generally rich, and well 
cultivated in the Bctllements. The inhabitants are chiefiy 
Germans, whose habits of industry and thrift will be inval- 
uable to the State. Farms 55; manuf. S; dwell. 367, and 
pop.— wh. 1,G62, fr. col. 0, si. 61— total 1,723. Capital: 
Jstvf Braunfels. 

CoMAN'3 Well, p. o., Sussex co.. rir//.: 53 m. S. S. E. 
Eichmond. Formerly a noted watering place, it is now an 
almost deserted village. 
Comfort's, p. o., Jones co.. K Car. : 93 m. S. E. Eiileigh. 
CoMMACi! (Comae), p. v.. Suffolk co.. J\\ Y. : on the middle 
post road, 122 m. S. S. E. Albany. It coQtains about oO 
dwellings. 

Commerce;, t. and p. v., Oaklantl co., Jfich. : 52 ra. E. by S. 
Augusta. It contains numerous small lakes, some of which 
empty into the Rouge r.. and others through Clinton r. Tho 
V. is located on the S. side of Burt Lake. Pi)p. 1,423. 

CoMMBRCB, p. v.. Tunica co., ifiss. : on the E, bank of 
the Mississippi r., 168 m. N. by TV. Jackson. It was orig- 
inally designed for a l:u-ge cily, nnd the commercial marl 
of the back countrj*, to reach which a railroad was com- 

10 



menced, but abandoned. The place is now compoaed of a 
few dwellings. 

Commerce, p. v., Scott co., Mo. ; on the W. bank of tho 
Missiesippi, 12 m. below Cape Girardeau, and 173 m. S. E. 
Jefferson City. Its name is a misnomer. 

Commerce, p. v., Wilson co., Tenn. : on a cr. of Cumber- 
land r., S7 m. E. Nashville. 

CoMMEiTSDUEG, p. V., Washington co., Penn. : 191 m-W. 
Harrisburg. 

CoMo, p. o., Whitesidcs co., III. : on the N. side of Eock r., 
at the point where Elk Horn r. has its confluence, 186 m. N 
Springfield. 

CoMO, p. o., Henry co., Timn : 92 ra. W. by N. Nashville. 

CoMO, p. o., De Soto co., Miss. : 167 m. N. Jackson. 

CoMSTOOK, t. and p. v., Kalamazoo co., Mich. : on both 
sides of Kalamazoo r., 34 m. S. W. by W. Lansing. It is a 
rich agricultural town. Tlie v. is situate on tho N. side of 
the r., and on the line of the Michigan Central E. E., 13T 
m. from Detroit, and 144 m. from Cliicago. 

Comstock'b Landing, p. o., Washfiigton co., ^. }'. .• 57 
m. N. by E. Albany. 

CoNCHARDEE, p. Y., Talladega co., Ala. : 61 m. N. 
Montgomery. 

Concord, p. v., Snssex co., DH. : at the head of Broad 
cr., a tributary of Nanticoke r., 3S m. S. Dover. 

Concord, p. v., Morgan co.. III. : on the 8. of Indian cr., 
4S m. W. Springfield. 

Concord, p. v., Baker co., Ga. : on the W. side of the 
Ichowaynochaway r., a tributarj' of Flint r., 132 m. S. W. 
Milledgeville. It lies on the Albany and Fort Gaines road. 

Concord, t. and p. v., Jefferson co.. Wise. : on the B. of 
Eock r., 39 m. E. Madison. 

Concord, p. v., Tippecanoe co., ItuI. : on Wea cr. of 
Wabash r., 5 m. N. W. Indianapolis. 

CoNcoED, p. v., Louisa co., la. : on the E. side of Iowa r., 
31 m. S. by E. Iowa City. 

Concord, p. v., iewis co., Kt/.: on the S. bank of the 
Ohio r., S9 m. E. N. E. Frankfort. It contains a church, 7 
stores, and 160 inhabitants. 

Concord, t. and p. v., Somerset co.. Me. : on the W. side 
of Kennebec r., 42 m. N. by W. Augusta. Pop. 550. 

Concord, t., p. v., and one of the capitals of Middlesex 
CO., Mass.: on both sides of Concord r., 17 m. W. N. "W. 
Boston. The t. has a soil of average fertility, and is well 
drained by the Asaabel and Sudbury rivers, which here 
unite, forming Concord r. The v. contains a C. li.. jail, sev- 
eral churches, and about 200 dwellings. Here, on the 19th 
April, 1775, was made the first foreiblc resistance to th« 
British power, and a handsome monument now marks tho 
spot wliere the first blno<l of the Eevolulion was spilled. 
The monument is a granite obelisk, 25 feet high, with a 
square base 5i feet in <iiamcter, and about 3 feet high, with 
an appropriate inscription on a panel of Italian marble. 
Conewd was the first inland settlement in the Colony of 
Massacliusctts Bay, and was incorporated as early as 1685. 
Its Indian name was Musketnquid. The General Court of 
the colony frequently held its sessions in this town, and in 
the year 1774 the Provincial Congress selecti^d it as their 
place of meeting. The manufactures of Concord consistof 
cotton goods, satinets, and flannels : boots, shoes, hats, cab- 
inet ware, agricultural implements, etc. Many of the estab- 
lishments are on an extensive scale. The Fitchburg R. R. 
passes through the town 20 m. from Boston and 30 from 
Fitchburg. Pop. 2,249. 

Concord, t. and p. v., Jackson co., Mich.: on the head 
streams of Kalamazoo r., 36 m. 9. Lansing;. The v. i3 
located on the stage route from Jackson to White Pidgeon, 
14 m. from Jacksnp. The water-power of the neighborhood 
Is immense, and in this t. are found some of the best farm- 
ing lands of tlie co. A mile S. of the v. are several minaral 
springs. Pop. 9*1. 

Concord, p. v., Callaway co.. Mo.: at the head of Aux 
Vases r., 51 m. N. by E. Jefferson City. 



CON 



CON 



CoNCOED, p. v., and cap. Cabarras co., JV. Car. : on the 
TV. side of Cig Cold WaUr cr., a branch of Rocky r. of the 
Tadkin, 102 m. W. 6. W. Ealeigh. It is a considerablo v. 
of some 400 inhabitanU. 

CoKooRD, t, p. v., and cap. Merrlmac co., y. JTamp.^ 
and cap. of the State: it lies on both sides of the Merrt- 
mac r., in lat 430 12' 29" N., and long. 7P 29' "W., 474 m. 
N. E. "Washington. There are fire ponds in tho town, the 
largest of which are Turkey Pond in the 8. W., and Long 
Bond in the N.W. eectione, the outlet streams of which fur- 
nish extensive hydraulic power. The Ckjntoocook r. Joins 
the Merrimac on tho N. line of the t., and forms at tho 
Junction the celebrated "Duston's Island." The intervale 
lands of the Merrimac are very fertile, and highly ouUivated. 
Soon after entering Concord, the r. parses over Sewell's Falls, 
and thence has no natural obstruction until it reaches the falls 
ftt the S. E. extremity of the t., where is a vast water-power. 
Locks are here constructed, and boat navigation secured. 
The river is here about 100 yards wide, but during freshets 
the water rises 20 feet above the ordinary level, presenting 
to the eye a body of water a mile wide. There are hand- 
some bridges spanning the river. There are three villages 
in the t., the principal of which, and the seat of its chief 
business, is on the W. side of the r., extending along it about 
3 m. The State Ilouse, Court Honse, State Prison, and other 
public buildings are in this v. The State Ilouse occupies 
a beautiful site in the centre, and is Cflnstrncted,of hewn 
granite. It is 126 feet In length, 49 feet in width, and with 
a projection in the centre of 4 feet on each ft'ont. The cost 
of the building was $S0,000. The State Prison is aiso a 
massive granite building, 70 by 36 feet, surrounde^l by a 
high stone wall. The second principal village is at Sowall's 
Falls, and the other in the W. part of the town. 

Concord, originally called Pena^iook^ was granted by 
Massachnsetta to a company of settlers, 17th -Tan., 1725, and 
the settlement was begun in the following year. In 1733 It 
was incorporated under the name of K^mford, which name 
was changed in 1765 to Concord. The population in 1775 
was 1,052; in 1790, 1,747; in ISOO, 2,052; in ISIO, 2.393; in 
1S20, 2.638; in 1S30, 3.727; in 1S40, 4,S97 ; and in 1S50, 
8,5^4. its progress during the last decade having been stim- 
ulated by the development of its manufacturing facilities 
and tho extension of the railroad system cenlcrinij within it 
Concord is now, indeed, one of the chief seats of New En- 
gland industry. It has numerous large cotton factories, 
paper mills, boot and shoe shops, and a variety of other in- 
dustrial eetablishmcnta. Its neighborhood also abounds in 
granite, which is exported. In the t. are also potteries, full- 
ing mills, etc. ; and in the publishing business Concord has 
long been remarkably successfhl. In 1S50 four newspapers 
were published weekly, and one semi-monthly ; the weekly 
papers were, the "N. II. Patriot and State Gazette" (dem.) ; 
the "N. H. Statesman" (whig) ; the "Independent Democrat" 
(free soil) ; and the " Congregational Journal" (relig.) ; and 
the semi-monthly, was the " Under-Current," a paper de- 
voted to temperance. 

Concord lies on the route of travel and commerce between 
Boston and Montreal, and Boston and the far WefH, and 
hence has become a principal centre of the New England 
system of railroads. It has also a railroad connection with 
Portsraonth. The railroads centering here are, the Concord 
E. R., extending to Nashua and Boston ; tho Boston. Con- 
cord, and Montreal R. R.. extending to TIaverhill on the 
Connecticut, and to Montreal ; the Concord and Clarcmont 
E. E. ; the Porismouth and Concord R. E. ; the Northern 
New Hampshire R. E., extending to "West Lebanon, on tho 
Connecticut, and continued by tho Vermont, New York, 
and Canada railroads to Rouse's Point, Montreal, Ogdons- 
burg. Kingston, etc. 

Co.NCoRD, p. v., Franklin co., Penn. ; 61 m. "W. by S. 
Ilarrisburg. 

Concord, t. and p. v., Lake eo., OMo: 3 m. 8. of Paines- 
ville and 146 N. E. Colmubua. Tho town is drained by 
146 



several tributaries of Grand r., which afford excellent 
mill-sites. Pop. 1,031. 

Concord, p. v., Harrison co., TJfse. ; 266 m. N. E, 
Austin City. 

Concord, U and p. o., Essex co., Verm, : on the N. W. 
side of the Connecticut r., 87 m. E. by N. Montpelier. It is 
drained in the N.W. by a branch of Passumsic r., and two 
ponds in the S. E. part of the t, discharge their waters into 
C-onneeticut r., affording mill-sites. Concord is an excellent 
grazing country. 

CoNOOKD, p.v., Appomattox co., Virff.: 83 m.W.S. "W, 
Richmond. Pop. 1,152. 

Concord river, Maaa. : formed by the union of Assabet 
and Sudbury rivers at Concord, and aller passing through 
the towns of Bedford, Belierica, and Chelmsford, it falls 
into tho Merrimac r., between Lowell and Tewkesbury. 
This r. famishes the Middlesex Canal with most of ita 
water. 

Concordia parish. La. Situate W. of Mississippi r., and 
contains 7S0 sq. m. The Tensas r. Hes on its "W. border, 
and Red r. on its S. border. The surface is level, and 
except a few elevated strips, liable to inundation in times 
of high water. The soils are exceedingly fertile, and orig- 
inally were covered with a heavy forest growth. The chief 
product is cotton, of which a large amount is produced. 
Farms 14S ; manuf. ; dwell. 219, and pop.— wh. 823, fr. 
crit. 1, si. 6,934— t^ital 7,75S. Capital: Vidalia. Public 
Work^ : a It, E. projected from Vidalia to Shreveport 

CQNcoitDi4i p. v., Bolivar co., Miss. : on Lake Concordia, 
121 m. N. N.W.Jackson. 

CoNCOHDiA, p. v., Darke co., Ohio: on the E. side of the 
head stream of White Water r., 93 m. W. Columbus. 

Concordia, p. v., Fayette co.^Tenn. : on Loosahatchle r., 
In tho N. W. corner of the countj', 167 m. W. 8. W. Nash- 
ville. It contains about 200 inhabitants. 

CoNcoRDviLLE, p. V., Delaware co., Pernio : 79 m. E. by 3. 
Ilarrisbm-g. 

CoNEcocnEAorE river, MJ. : a tributary of tho Potomac 
r. from Pennsylvania. It empties itself at Williamsport, 

Conecuh county, Ala, Situate S. middle, and contains 
1.476 sq. m. Drained by Escambia r., Burned C^om cr.. 
Murder cr., and others, tribntaries of Conecuh r., which 
pa«ses from N. E. to S. W. in the S. part of the co. Surface 
low and generally level, and soils moderately fertile, pro- 
ducing cotton, com, and some rice. Farms 493; manuf. 
12 ; dwell. S47, and pop.— wh. 4,922, ft. col. 6, si. 4,394— 
total 9,822. Ca-pi-tal : Sparta. Public Wort^ : Gerard and 
Mobile E. R., etc. 

CoNEcmt river, Aia. and Flor.: rises In Alabama, and 
passes Uirough Florida into Pensacola Bay. Two miles 
below the Florida line it receives the Escambia, the name 
of which it assumes, although the larger stream. It is nav- 
igable for more than loO miles. 

CoNEMAuon river, Penn.: rises in the Alleghany Mount- 
ains, and runs W. N.W. into the Allo^hany r., 29 m. N. N. E. 
Pittsburg. In the lower part of its course it takes the name 
of Kiskeminetas. It has salt-works on both ita hanks, 15 m. 
N. E. Greonsburg. The Pennsylvania Canal passes along 
its border from Johnstown till it enters Into tho Alleghany. 
Its length is about 150 m. 

CoNERLYS, p. o., Pike CO., J/7«.9. .' 88 m. S. Jackson. 

CoNESTooA, t. and p. v., Lancaster co., Penn, : on 
Conestoga cr,, 89 m. S. E. ITarrisburg. 

CoN-Rsus, t. and p. v.. Li^-ingston co., jV Y. : between 
Conesus and Uemlock lakes, 195 m. W. Albany. The 
BufTalo, C-<"'niing. and New Tork E. E. passes through the t. 
The V. is a small agriculhiral settlement in the midst of a 
fine fertile rccion. Pop. of U 1,418. 

Conesus lake, Livingston co., A^ Y.: a small sheet of 
water about 9 m. long and a mile in width. Its depth 
exceeds 300 feet ; ita waters are pure and cold, and contain 
abundance offish. 

CoNEsviLLE, t. and p. v., Schoharie co., y:Y.: on the E. 



CON 



CON 



Bide of Schoharie cr., and drained by its tributaries. Distant 
86 m. 8. "W. Albany. I'op. I,5b2. 

CoNEWANGo, t. and p. v., Cnttaraogus co., y. V. : on the 
cr. 80 called, 272 m. W. by 8. Albany. Pop. 1,40S. 

CoNEWANCO creek, 2^. K ; rises in Cbauianque and 
Cattaraugus counties, and flows S. into Alleg;hany r., receiv- 
ing the outlet of Chautauque Lake and other tributariea. It 
affords good boat navigation in season of flood, and is a fine 
mill-stream. 

CoNGAEEB river, 5". Ckzr. : Is formed by the union of Broad 
end Saluda rivers, two fine streams which unite immediately 
above Columbia, the State capital. The Conearee receives 
no large affluents, but about 80 miles S. E. of Columbia it is 
Joined by the Wateree from the N. W., and thence the 
united streams take the name of Santee, a river flowing to 
the Atlantic Ocean, which it reaches In about 33° '2iyN. lat. 

CoN'GEEss. t. and p. o., "Wayne co., Ohio: in the N. "W. 
eomer of the co., S4 m. N. E. by N. Columbus. In the E. 
Killbuck cr., and in theW. the Muddy Fork of Walhonding 
r. drain the Burface, and aflTord fine mill-seats. 

CoNHOCTON, t. and p. v., Steuben co., jV. J! .- on Conhoc- 
ton r., 1S5 m. W. S.W. Albany. The ButTalo, Coming, and 
New York E. E. passes along the valley. Pop. 1,P02. 

CoNHOCTON river, M Y. : a. constituent of the Chemung, 



about 55 m. long. It is navigable for rafts in high water, 
and at all seasons famishes extensive mill-power. 

Conine, p. o., Licking co., Ohio : 83 m. N. E. Colnmbua. 

CoNKUN, t. and p. o., Broome co., y. Y. : on both sidee 
of Susquehanna r.. 103 m. S. W. jiVJbany. Tho surface of 
the t, is hilly, but in the valley of the r. there are alluvial 
flats. The New York and Erie E. E. runs through the t^ 
220 m. from New York City. Pop. 2,2,'i2. 

CoKKLiN CB^'THB, p. o., Broomc CO., y. Y. : 106 m. S.W. 
Albany. 

CoNNEAtJT, L and p. v., Ashtabula co., Ohio: the most 
N. E. town of the St*te, on Lake Erie, 173 m. N. E. C-o'lunv- 
bos. Conneaut r. drains tlie whole surfiice, and at its mouth 
or harbor the village, a flourishing place, is eligibly situate 
for commerce, and owns many vessels engaged in the 
lake trade. The Cleveland, PainesWlle, and Ashtabula 
E. E. passes through it, connecting il with the sea-board 
and the far "West by continuous chains of railroads. Con- 
neaut has manufactures and considerable trade, and is 
destined to become an important commercial depAt. Tho 
"C. Eeporter" is published weekly, P. of v. 817— L 3,094. 

CosNEAUTviLLE. p. V., Crawford co., Perm. : on the line 
of the Beaver and Erie Canal, 93 m. from Beaver, on the 
Ohio r., 88 m. from Erie, and 216 N. "W. Harrisburg. P. 7S7. 



THE STATE OF CONNECTICUT. 

C-ONTfEcncrT, lying between Massachusetts and Long Island Sound, and extending from Ehode Island to New York, 
Is 90 railea in length from E. to W., and in width, from N. to S., from 60 to 70 miles. It is situatc+l between 41'^ and 42° 
02' latitudes N., and between 71'^ 40' and 73° 43' longitudes W. from Greenwich, or 3° 19' and 5^ 22' E. from Washington, 
The contents of its supcrflccs ie estimated at 4,674 square miles. 

The aspect of the country is greatly diversified by bills and valleys. The hills are generally of a moderate size, and 
occur in quick succession, presenting to the traveler a beautiful and constantly-varying scenery. All the principal ranges 
fire continuations of the mountains of the States lying northward. The Housatonie range enters the State in the north- 
west, and extends in a southerly direction along the Housatonie Eiver to the const ; this is rather a succession of groups 
and eminences than a continuous range. The Green Mountain range, coming from Vermont and Massachusetts, passes 
through the State from N. to S., and terminates at West Eock, a bluff 40 feet high, two miles N. W. of New Haven. Be- 
tween this and the Connecticut Eiver Is the Mount Tom range, which, coming from Massachusetts, also traverses this 
State, and terminates at East Eock, 370 feet high, a little to the north-east of New Haven. The Blue Hills in Southing- 
Ion, a part of this range, have an elevation of 1,0*}0 feet, and are sai<l to be the highest land within the State, On the £• 
aide of the Connecticut is a fourth range, which crosses the river at Chatham and terminates at East Haven. 

The principal valleys of the State are the Housatonie on the E., the Connecticut in tho centre, and the Quinnebaug in 
the E. The Valley of the Connecticut varies in breadth from 10 to 16 miles, and extends northward from Middletown, 
having in this State a length of about 30 miles. This is a rich agricultural district. The valleys of the Quinnebaug and 
Housatonie have also fertile soil, and produce fine crops. The scenery of the valleys is magnificent, and the landscapes 
varied and romanti«. Many of the surrounding hills are cultivated like gardens to the very summit, while others are 
bald, or only support a few stunted trees and shrubs. The Farmington Valley extends from New Haven N. through the 
the State between the Green Mountains and the Mount Tom range, and is from three to five miles wide. la tlie hilly 
parts of the State the soils are of moderate fertility, and are generally acknowledged to be belter fitted for grazing than 
seed-farming. 

Few of the streams are of much use to navigation, except in their lower courses. The principal is the Connecticut, 
which, coming from the N., and pursuing a pretty direct southward course lo Middletown, then suddenly turns to the 
•outh-east, and so flows on to the Sound. There is a bar at its mouth, but vessels drawing ten feet of water can go up to 
Middletown, and those drawing only eight feet to Hartford, 50 miles from the Sound. The navigation of the upper course 
of this river has been improved by means of locks and canals, which secure boat navigation to the moulh of Well's Eiver, 
In Vermont. The Eiver Tunxis, or Farminston. is the principal tributary of the Connecticut in this State; it rises in the 
eastern slope of the Green Mountains, in Massachusetts, and runs to the S. as far as Farmington, where it abruptly 
changes its direction to the N., until, breaking through the trap range, here called the Talcott Mountains, it again flows 
southwardly, and joins the Connecticut opposite to East Windsor. The Housatonie rises in the western part of Massa- 
chusetts, and enters this State near the north-west corner, after which it runs in a southeriy an'l south-easterly course to 
tlie Sound : the first part of its course is broken by cataracts, and its entrance is barred against large vessels ; it has, how- 
ever, a sloop navigation for a distance of 12 miles. The Thames, formed by the junction of the Quinnebaug. the She- 
lueket, and the Yantic at Norwich, empties itself into the 8ound at New London, after a navigable course of 14 miles. 
All these streams and numerous smaller ones, are applicable as motive power, and, besides turning almost all the ma- 
chinery of the Stale, are highly favorable to the fertility of the lands through which they pass. Scarcely is tliere a 
single square milo in all the country but has one or more sparkling, never-failing rills to refresh the soil and make it 
productive. 

The whole coast of the State lies upon Long Island Sound, which Is an extensive gulf or channel, being 140 miles in 
length and 25 miles wide in its broadest part. It Is somewhat narrow at its Atlantic or eastern entrance, but expands in 
the middle ; toward the west it gradually contracts, till it joins the harbor of New York by a narrow and crooked strait) 
called the East Elver. It admits of a free navigation throughout its whole extent for the largest ships, but in the western 
etrail there was formeriy a dangerous wliiripool, at a spot called Hell Gate, where the current is contracted by the rocky shores, 
and at certain seasons of the tide the navigationwas most hazardous. The obstmctionSj however, were removed by submarine 

14T 



CONNECTICUT. 



blastings in 1S52. The northern shore of the Sound is deeply penetrated by nuraercua bays and creeks, affording 
excellent harbors. The harbor of New London is the best in the State — it is spacious, deep, and not hable to be frozen 
OTer in winter. New Haven harbor has not so great a depth. Stonington harbor is well pmteuted by a breakwater, and 
the liarbor of Bridgeport has similar improvements. These harbors form so many starting-points of travel or internal 
trade to the New England States and Canada. 

Connecticut produces many valuable minerals. Iron ore of excellent quality and in great abundance, is found in 
various parts. The copper-mines of Bristol and Plymouth are regarded by many as the most profitable now worked in 
the United States, not excepting the mines of Lake Superior. The most distinguished scientific man of the State, Professor 
Silliman, has expressed the confident opinion that they extend from Bristol, in a southerly direction, toward Hampden, for 
a distance of more than 80 miles, and that, if thoroughly worked, would be sutlieicnt to give profitable employment to 
80,000 miners. Already they furnish a large amount of ore. The Plymouth mines are equally rich. The vein here runs 
from east to west, with a vertical dip, cutting the geological formation of the mountain at right angles, and forming what 
is termed a rake vein. The working of this mine is only now being commenced, but there is erery indication that the code 
contained in the vein will yield a copper ore of as good quality and in as large a quantity as !he mine now wrought at 
Bristol has ever produced. Copper also occurs at Granby, where it rs found at the junction of the green-stone and new 
red sand-stone formations. Fine marbles, of ditTerent characters, are abundant; and free-stone, extensive quarries 
of which exist in the mountain regions, furnishes an excellent building material. Zinc, cobalt, and manganese also 
occur, and plumbago and some other metals of minor importance have been discovered at various times and places. The 
mineral waters of Stafford have long been celebrated for their medicinal properties. 

The soils of Connecticut are generally good, but in some parts better suited to grazing than corn-growing. The Valley 
of the Connecticut has a strong and fertile argillaceous loam, varying in different sections from a hard, stiff day, to a 
light, sandy loam, according to the prevalence of argillaceous or silicious earth. In the eastern part of the SUtte the 
prevailing soil is warm, strong, fertile, and excellent for grasses. The north-western part is in some places cold and 
sterile, but is generally a good grazing country. In the western part of the State are many fertile districts. The climate 
and vegetation correspond nearly with those of Massachusetts, the ciimate differing only in being a little more temperate, 
and the season of growth in being earlier and somewhat more prolonged. The peach perfecta its fruit in Iho southern 
portion of the State. 

The first census of Connecticut, on which any reliance can be placed, was that taken in 1756, and exhibits the then 
population at 130,611; in 1T74, 18 years afterward, it was 197,850; and in 17S2 it was found to have increased to an 
aggregate of 2l.'9,loO. The first United States' census, taken in 1790, gives the total at that dale at 23S,141, and iroru that 
period its decennial movements have been as exhibited in the following table : 

Cnloreti Versona. Increxse. 

Pate of Wliile , ■■ . , Total 



C«MUB. Person!. Free, Slare. Poput^ition. Numerical. Percent. 

1T90 232,&S1 :. 2,S0l 2,759 235,141 — 

1600 244,721 5,830 951 261,002 12,361 5.4 

1810 255.2T9 6,4o3 310 262,042 11,040 4.4 

1S20 267,161 7,944 97 375,203 13,160 5.0 

1830 289,603 8,047 25 297.675 22,473 8.1 

1840 301,857 3,104 17 309,973 12.303 4.1 

1S50 863,305 7,486 870,791 60,813 19.6 

01 the total population in 1350, there were persons deaf and dumb, 889 ; blind, 182 ; insane, 462 ; and idiotic, SCO ; but 
In this enumeration arc included those domiciled in the State hospitals, natives or residents of other States, sent into 
Connecticut for special purpose. 

The State is divided into S counties and 14S townships, and contains 6 cities and 12 boroughs; the counties are Fair- 
field. Harllleld, Litchfield, Middlesex, New Haven, New London, Tolland, and Windham; the cities are Bridgeport, 
Hartford, Middletown. New Haven, New London, and Norwich : and the boroughs arc Danbury, Essex, Guilford, Litch- 
field. New Britain, Newtown, Norwalk, Southport, Stamford, Stoningtim, Waterbury, and Willimantic. 

ifore equally in Connecticut than in any other State of the American Union, are the several great branches of national 
industry distributed ; an<I perhaps here, more than elsewhere, have the people a more direct interest in the prosperity 
of each. There are few large farms or manufactures, and as few persons who have not some ownership in a farm or 
workshop : and throughout the Slate the inhabitants are farmers in one season and manufacturers in anotlier, economizing 
the seasons, and pursuing avocations suitable to each as it occurs. The statistics of the wealth and industrj- of the State 
in 1S50. as exhibited in the censiis, etc.. of that year, were as follows: 

Occupied Lon<fs, ffr.— Improved lands, 1.76:^,173 acres, and unimproved lands, 615,701 acres, valued at $72,726,422. 
Number of farms, 23,445. Value of farming implements and machinery, $1,892,541. 

Zij:e ^S'tocA-.— Horses 26.S79, asses and mules 49, milch cows S5,461, working oxen 46,985, other cattle 80,226, sheep 
174,181, arfh swine 76.472 — valued in the aggregate at $7,467,490. 

Grain r/-o/),'i.— "Wheat, 41.702 bushels; rye, 6(iO,S93 bushels; Indian corn, 1,935,813 bushels ; oats, 1,153,733 bushels ; 
barley, 10S'90 bushels; and buckwheat, 229,297 bushels. 

Otfier ('')■(>/).«.— Tobacco, 1.267,624 pounds; peas and beans, 19,090 bushels; Irish potatoes, 2.639.725 bushels; sweet 
potatoes, 8't bushels; hay, 516,131 tons; clover-seed, 1-3,841 bushels; other grass-seed, 16.603 bushels; hops. 55t pounds; 
flax, 17,9l'S p'rtinds; flax-seed. 7tl3 bushels; maple sugar, 50,796 pounds; molasses. 665 gallons; wine, 4,269 gallons, etc. 
The value of orchard prodncLs was $175,118, and of market-garden products, $196,374. 

Produit-tt of Animulft. — Wool, 497.454 pounds; butter, 6,49s,l 19 pounds; cheese. 5,363.277 pounds; and th'> value of 
animals slaughtered during the year had been $2,2u2,266. Silk cocoons were produced to the amount of 32S pounds, and 
beeswax and honey to that of 93.8(U pounds. 

irome-made Mannfacturen for the year ending 30th June, 1S50, were valued at $192,252. 

3/r(7i«/tfc(!i(;vA\— Ajr(rrrgate capital invested, $00,000,000; value of raw material, fuel, etc, consumed, $o,noo.00<1; 

average number of hands employed. oo.OOf;* — males. OO.OiM\ and femali-s, 00,o<»0; average monthly cost of male lal>or, 

$00('.( 0'>, and of female labor, $00,01.10; aimual value of prmlucts, $00.00t),000. The whole number of manufitcturing 

Wtablishmcnla producing to the value of $500 and upward in 1850, was 3,913; and of these 128 were cotton factories, 

148 



CONNECTICUT. 



149 woolen mills, and 91 iron houses, of which 60 manufactured castings, IS pig iron, and IS wrought iron. In the 
cvWm nmnufactures the capital invested amounted to $4,219, ItHl ; the cotton consumed in the year ending .50th .June 
was aO,4S:i bales, and [he value of all raw material, fuel, etc., was $2,.SIIU,(I6'2; h.-inds employed— 2,703 males, and 3,47S 
females; monthly cost of male labor, $51,679, and of female labor, $41,060; products for the year, 51,7SO,7oO yards of 
eheeting, etc., and 950.000 pounds of yarn — the aggregate value of products, $4,257,522. The capital invesletl in woolen 
manufactures wa-s $3,773,950; wool used. 9.414,100 pounds; value of all raw material, fuel, etc., $8,325,70!); hands em- 
ployed — males, 2.907 (cost per month, $70,141), and females, 2,5S1 ($:J3.216); yards of cloth ninnulaelured in the year, 
9,405,777, valued at $6,4(^5,216; and Ihe following table will exhibit the slate of the iron manufacturing interest; 



Sfienric; 



: tr. 



Capital invested dollars 

Iron ore used t^ms 

rig iron used *' 

Bkwms " — 

Old metal " — 

Mineral coal consumed " — 

C-oke and charcoal consumed bushels 2,870,000 



Cnf.1 Irnn 

225,600 5S0,SO0 . 

85,400 — . 



Value of all raw material, etc dollars.. 

Hands employed, males number. 

" females " 

Average wages per month, males dollars. . . 

" " females.... " ... 

I'roducts in the J ear tons 

Aauual value of all products dollars. . . 



11,396 

837 

T,5»2 

80,600 

2S9.226 351,3*9 

14S 942 

— 7 

26.S0 27.02 

— S.OO 

1.842 11.210 

415,600 981,400 



v,„„sl,i l„. 
529,500 

7,0S1 
1,644 

5,0*2 
733,600 
863,730 
874. 

81.59 

6,325 
607,560 



The total capital invested in the iron manufacture is thus, $1,335,900 : the value of raw material, fuel, etc., $999374 ; 
and the aimual value of products, $2,064,560. The remaining employments of the aggregate number (3,913) arc various, 
and embrace all descriptions of hardware, cutlery, fire-arms, powder, paper, boots and shoes, and other manufactures. 
Connecticut, indeed, manufactures every article known to conimerce and trade, from a needle or pin to the .steam-engine 
and locomotive — together valued as before set down. The manufacturing industry of the State, however, is not all repre- 
sented in the census, only establishments producing to the ^alue of $500 annually being those assessed ; but it is well 
known [hat there are thousands of small shops throughout the country, which, though not noticed by the census, never- 
tliclesa, in the aggregate, own a large capital, and produce to a large annual amount — perhaps, indeed, these unnoticed 
establishments, if aggregated, would add one-third to the apparent e.vtent of the manufacturing interest of the State. 

J'^oreiffn Cirjjn/ierfe.- — The direct foreign commerce of Connecticut, alihough the Slate enjoys many peculiar facilities 
for engaging in such, is comparatively of small extent. The exports in the year ending 80th .lime, 1850, were valued at 
$241,930, of which $663 was the value of re-exports; and the imports were valued at $872,390. This trade is chiefly with 
the British NorlU American Provinces and the West India Islands. The shipping employed in carrying the merchan- 
dise al'ove represented, consisted of vessels entered ISS (34.152 tons), and vessels cleared 156 (27,317 tons). The amount 
of shipping owned in the State at the above named period was 113,085 tons, of which 42,511 tons was of the class 
registered, 6S,1SS tons enrolled and licensed, and the remainder vessels under 20 tons burden. Of the registered shipping, 
11.433 tons were employed in the whale fisheries, and 31,023 tons in foreign commerce ; and of the enrolled and licensed 
shipping, 5,249 tons were employed in the coil fisheries, and 571 tons in the mackerel fisheries; the remaining enrolled, 
etc., shipping being emjiloyed in the coasting trade. The fisheries are carried on from the ports of New London and 
Stonington. The steam marine of the Slate, all of which is employed in coasting, amounted to 8.4,55 tons. The shipping 
built in the year was 8 ships, 7 brigs, 27 schooners. 9 sloops, and 1 steamer — in all, 4,819 tons. The following table will 
exhibit the movement of foreign commerce in the State from 1791 to 1S50 : 



Years. Espiirt\ Imporu, 

1791 $710,8f.3 $ 

1792 879,753 

1793 770,255 

1794 812.765 . 

1795 819,465 

1796 1,452,793 

1797 814,506 

1793 768,123 

1799 1,143,818 . 

1800 1,114,748 

1801 1.446.216 



1S02.... 
1303.... 
1S04.... 
1805.... 
1806.... 
1607.... 
ISOS.... 
1809.... 
1810.... 



.. 1,606,309 

.. l,2S4,,'i71 

. . 1,516,110 

.. 1,44:!,72T 

.. 1,715,323 

. . 1,624,727 

, . 413,691 

.. 600,513 

. . "6S,613 



Tenra. Eiporti. Iir 

1811 $1,0;W,854 $- 



780,805 
974,303 
1,043,186 
833,135 
593,806 
604,139 



1812. 
1S13. 
1S14. 
1815. 
1S16. 
1817. 

1318 677,.'j64 

1819 43-i,f*4 

1820. 
1821. 
1S22. 
1823. 



1824. 
1825. 
1S26. 
1827. 
1828. 
1829. 
1850. 



421,931 

376,187 312. 

48.5.312 507, 

4^2,061 456, 

675,852 681, 

689.270 707, 

703,893 736, 

690,275 630,1 

621,545 486, 

4^7,970 309 

3«9,511 269, 



Year^. FiTporU. In,ports, 

1&31 $4S2,S38 $405,066 

1832 4.30,466 437,715 

1S38 427,603 852,014 

13.34 422,41 6 836,720 

1,885 612.970 439,603 

1836 4:33,199 463,168 

1887 fj32,590 313,849 

1333 613,610 84.3,331 

1S39 .Vi3.226 440,191 

1840 613,210 277,072 

1341 609,848 295,989 

1842 832.,392 835.707 

184;! 807,223 2.30,841 

1344 800,016 323,299 

1845 969,055 372,075 

1346 775.913 418,478 

1847 699,492 27.5,823 

1843 601,064 229,310 

14'<9 264,000 234,743 

1350 241,930 372,390 



Int^nml Communication. — The lines of travel and transportation in Connecticut extend — east and west directly 
through Ihelenglh of the State, having their termini at New York and at Boston, and— north and south, siretching from 
tlie ports on Long Island Sound, across the country into Massachusetts, Maine, New Hampshire, and Vermont, and 
ultimately to the Western States, and also into Canada. The connections thus formed extend several thousands of miles, 

149 



CONNECTICUT. 



and afford easy and expoditious routes of communication between the interior and sea-board. There are two lines of 
radroad running in a direction eaat and west— the line composed of the New York and New Haven It. U., and the New 
Ilavcn and New Ixjudon E. K., which, in connection with the Stoniogton U. li., and also with tlie Norwich and 
"SVorcoater It. R., forms the Southern route between the two commercial centres, Boston and New York ; and the Hartford, 
ProTidence, and FishkillE. K., which will form a direct line through the middle section of the SVatt-, from Providence, 
£. I., to Fishkill on the Hudson Kircr, opposite the east terminus of the Erie K. Ji. The lines running north from the 
Sound ports are— the Norwich and Worcester K. R. ; the New London, Willimantic, and Palmer R. R. ; the New Haven, 
Hartford, and Springfield E. R. ; the New Haven and Northampton E. R, (on the old canal route) ; the Naugatuck R. K. ; 
the Housatonic R. R., and the Danbury and Norwalk li. K. There are also several additional railroads in progress or 
projected ; one of which, and the moet impoi'tant, is that designed to effect an air line route between New York and 
Boston. The common and turnpike roads of Iho State are proverbially good and well kept. The only canal of any 
length the State ever possessed, Iho Farmiugton Canal, has been flUcd in, and now forms tho bed of the New Ilaveu 
and Northampton R. R. 

MajiJcs, etc. — In April, 1S50, there were in the State 41 banks and 2 branch bauks, the condition of which at that dat© 
was as follows: ZiaiiV/fi^s— capital, $9,007,503; circulation, $5,253,S.S4; deposits, 12,357,939; due other banks, $46S,76S; 
dividends unpaid, |37,372 ; surplus fund, t~5S,G^ ; earnings since dividend, $304,396, and other liabilities, $3S,961 ; and 
Assets— loans and discounts. $15,607,815; real estate, $8S9,9S3; other investments. ^396,035; duo by other banks and 
brokers, $1,637,411 ; notes of the banks, $245,349 ; specie flmds, $103.614 ; specie, $640,622, and expenses since dividend, 
151^878. Total of balance sheet, $19,122,2^)7. Connecticut had also 15 savings' banks, in which $4,746,692 was dep«?sited 
by 82,966 individual depositors : tho sums deposited in 1&49-50 amounted to $1,051,300, and the suras withdrawn to 
$719,598. The aggregate expense of managing these institutions was $10,SS7 ; and the dividends made on sums deposited 
ranged from 5 to 7^ per centum. The securities on which tho credits are based are loans on real and pefsonal estate and 
stocks, and investments in bank stocks and bonds, etc. The Insurance Companies in the State comprised — 3 general 
stock companies, with an aggregate of capitals amounting to $l,400,0i)0; fll mutual general companiea — capitals, 
$1,4S7,025; 6 life mutual companies — capitals, $1,400,000; 2 health companies — capitals, $203,175; and 1 life and health 
company— capital, $HXl,000. 

Government. — The charter granted in 1662, by Charles II., formod tho basis of the government until 1S13, when the 
present constitution was formed. 

Every white male citizen of the United States, 2t years of age, who has gained a settlement In the State, has resided 
six months in his town, is possessed of a freehold of $7 a year in value, or has done military duty for one year, or haa 
been excused therefrom, or has paid a State tax within the year, and who htts a good moral character, may vote at all 
elections on taking the oath. Every voter is eligible to any oflScc, unless it bo expressly excepted. The general election 
is held on the first Monday of April annually. 

The legislature, styled the General Assembly, consists of a Senate and House of Representatives. The Senate is not 
to consist of less than 13 nor more than 23 members — senators are chosen by districts of equal population, and by a 
plurality of votes, and in case any two candidates have an equal and highest vote, then the House of Representatives 
shall elect one of them. Representatives are chosen by towns, and in the same manner as senators; but in case of no 
candidate receiving a highest vote, the Senate chooses one aa member from the two candidates having the highest. The 
legislature meets alternately at Hartford and New Haven, on the first Monday in May, yearly. 

The Governor exercises the chief executive power. He must be at least 30 years of ago and have been elected by a 
majority of votes, and in case there be no choice by the people, one of tho two candidates having tho highest vote is 
chosen by tho General Assembly on joint ballot. The Governor has power to grant reprieves, except in cases of 
Impeachment, but not pardons ; and he may veto a bill, but a majority of both houses may pass it again, and it becomes 
law nevertheless. A Lieutenant-Governor {exrofficio President of Senate), Secretary of State, Treasurer, and Comptroller 
are chosen in the same manner as the Governor. All these ofllicers are elected annuaUy. 

Connecticut, under the law relative to the distribution of representives, has four members in Congress. 

The Judiciarj' of the State consists of a Supreme Court, a Superior Court, County Ceurts, etc. The Supreme Court 
consists of a chief and four associate Justices, and meets annually in each county. The Superior Court is held by one judge 
of the Superior Court semi-annually in each county. County Courts are held three times eflch year in the several counties 
by a judge elected annually by the legislature. Appeal lies from the County Courts to the Superior Court. Clerks of 
the County Courts are likewise clerks of tho Superior Court and Supremo Court in their counties respectively. In all 
cases of libel, truth may be given in evidence. Sheriffs are chosen by the Assembly, and hold office for three years. 

Finances, (rff.— During the year ending 1st April, 1S50. the total receipts into the public treasury amounted to $122,347, 
and the expenditures to $113,392, leaving a balance of $3,955. Tho chief sources of income were, from taxes, $78,567; 
from dividends on bank stock, $37,053, etc. The principal expenses were, tho expenses of legislation, $25,9S6 ; salaries, 
$14.150 : contingent expenses of government. $15,399 ; judicial expenses, $49,002, etc, Connecticut has no absolute debt. 
The contingent debt amounted to $53,212. The value of property belonging to tho State othenrise than the School Fund, 
amounts to $406,000. 

lidigious Denominations. — The statistics of tho principal religious denominations, according to the returns made by 
each in 1850, were as follows : The Congregationalists had 267 churches, 206 ministers, and S5,15S commuutcants ; tlio 
Baptists had 111 churches, S9 ministers, and 16.230 communicants ; the Protestant Episcopalians had a bishop, and IOC 
ministers, and 9,360 communicants; the Episcopal Methodists had 143 ministers, and the other Methodist churches S 
ministers; the Presbyterians, 5 ministers; the Unitarians, 4 ministers; the Roman Catholics, a bishop and 9 priests; the 
UniversaUsts, 14 preachers; the Second Advent Church, S ministers; the Christians, par exceOetux^ 5 ministers; (io 
Free-Will Baplisrs. 1 minister; the Jews had 2 synagogues and 1 rabbi. 

Etlu-cattojuil Stu/i-KtiK'n.— The. number of common school societies in the State on the 1st April, 1S50, was 917; of 
school dislricLs, 1,649, and of children bi^twecn 4 and 16 years of age, 92,035. The value of the School Fund, 2d SepL, 
as appears from the biennial exhibit, was $3,076,6i>2 "5; and tho amount of dividend for 1S50 was $137,449 51, or $1 50 
for every enumerated child. The returns do not give the number of teachers, or their wages, or the time during which 
schools are open, ut ■ nly the information above indicated. The Legislature, at tho session of 1S4D, appropriated 
$10,000 for Ih Bla lishinent of a Stat^ Kormal School, which is under the control of eight trustees, appointed by the 
General Assembly, one from each county. The collegiate establishments of tlie State are: Tale College, Trinity College, 
ttio Wesleyan University, and tho Theological Institute, Talo College is one of tho oldest, most richly endowed, ami 
150 



CON CON 

most extensively usoful institutions of learning in tlie Fnitod States. It was founded in 1701 by the gentleman whose 
name it perpetuates. In 1S50 it had in the academical department 432 etudcnta, of which 93 were of the senior class, 
91 of the junior cla&s, 123 of the sophomore class, and 136 uf the freshman chies — total, 4o"2 ; and the number of students 
in thetilogy was 3S, in law 26, in medicine 3S, and in philosophy and the arts 21 — total in professions and the arta, 123. 
Grand total, 655. From 1702 to 1S50, the number of graduates had been 5,5>32, of which 2,963 were living; and of the 
total 1,562 had been ministers of the gospel, of whom 724 were living in 1S50. The library of Yale CnUege contains 
49,000 volumes. Trinity College, an Episcopal institution, is located at Hartford. It was founded in 1324, and in 1S50 
had 9 professors, 66 students, and a library of 9,000 volumes. Its alumni counted at the latter dale 257, of wliich 117 had 
taken holy orders. The Wesleyan University, at Middletown, was foimded in 1S31, and in 1S50 had S profL-ssoi-a. 125 
etudents, and a library of 11,123 volumes. Since its commencement it had graduated 827 students, and of these 12C had 
gone int.!! the ministry. At Hartford is the Theological Institution of Connecticut, an establishment un<ler the Congrega- 
tional churches, founded in 1S:J4. It had, in 1S50, 8 instructors, 17 students, and a library of 5,000 volumes. Its alumni 
counted 151. There are, besides the above, a large number of academies, and other descriptions of private schools, 
which, for efficiency and cheapness, have ft-w equals. There is also at Hartford the Connecticut Historical Society, which 
publishes its transactions at stated periods. 

Cfiarii^bl^ Tjistitutioni.—CounQCiicut, at an earlier period, and on a more extensive scale than any other of the 
States, commenced and completed institutions the object of which was the relief of those whom nature or accident bad 
deprived of tlic use of senses or mental faculties. The principal of these institutions are the Retreat for the Insane, and 
the American Asylum for the Deaf and Dumb, both at Hartford ; and to these may be added the State Prison at 
"Wothcrsfleld, conducted on paternal and correctional, rather than vindictive, principles. The Eetreat for the Insane was 
opened in 1S24; on the 1st April, 1S49, it contained 133 patients, .and in 1S49-50, 185 were admitted, making 263 in all; and 
during the same year 125 were discharged, leaving in the retreat 14:5. Of the patients discharged 04 were recovered, 24 
improved, 7 not improved, and 30 died. The whole number of admissions, from the opening of the institution, had been 
2,033. The terms of admission are *39 a quarter for patients belonging to the State, and ?45 50 for patients from other 
States. The American Asylum for the Deaf and Dumb was the first institution of the kind founded in the United Slates, 
and has been well endowed by individual, State, and Federal bounties. The number of students for the year ending Ist 
May. 1S50. was 210, and of these 20 were supported by friends, 82 by the State of Maine, 23 by New Hampshire, 19 by 
Vermont, 75 by Massachusetts. 7 by Rhode Island, 26 by Connecticut, and S by South Carolina. The annual cost is 
$1W, but in sickness extra necessaries are charged for; applicants for admission must be between S and '25 years of age, 
of good natural intellect, capable of forming and joining letters legibly and correctly, and of good moral character. Dm-ing 
the year ending 31st March, 1550, there were discharged from the State Prison 48 convicts, and received 61 ; and at that 
date there remained in confinement 175, of which 163 were males and 12 females. The males are employed in making 
cabinet work, cutlery, and shoes; and the females in washing, cooking, making and mending clothing, and binding 
boots and shoes. The average number in confinement during the year was 160. A small library has been purchased for 
the use of the prisoners, and it is a duty of the chaplain to give educational as well as religious instruction to the inmates. 
The institution is self-supporting, and the receipts for the year past show a balance in favor of the prison. A Reform 
School for Juvenile Offenders has also been lately established by the Legislature and individuals conjointly. 

Periodical P/v-w. — The whole number of periodicals and newspapers published in Connecticut, in If 50, was 51. of which 
80 were political, and 21 literary, religious, scientific, etc. Of the political papers, 20 were '^Vhig and 10 Democratic in 
their teachings. Of the total, 8 were daily papers, 4 tri-weekly, 83 weekly, and 6 at other periods. The circulation of the 
daily papers amounted at each aggregate issue to 12,300 copies; of the tri- weeklies, to 1,600 copies; of the weeklies, to 
S4,S10 copies; and of all others, to 2,400 copies. The best known of the Connecticut periodicals, are — the " American 
Journal of Science," the "New Englander" (literary-), the "Church Review" (religious'), and the "Tale Literary Maga- 
zine" Oiterar}') : r. 1 of which are published from the New Haven ' press. The '* Journal of Science" is under the editorial 
supervision of the celebrated Dr. Silliraan, and has long stood at the head of scientific periodicals in America. 

Connecticut consisted originally of two colonies : Hartford, settled by emigi-ants from Massachusetts in 1635, and New 
Haven, by emigrants from Enghand inl6SS. The two colonies were united under one government by a charter of Charlei 
II. in 1662. In 16S6 this charter was suspended by James II., and Andros, who had been appointed Governor of New 
England, was sent to assume the government Repairing to Hartford, with a body of troops, he demanded the charter; 
the instrument was accordingly brought into the hall in the evening, with the intention of its being 8urren<lered, but the 
lights were suddenly extinguished, and the charter was carried off and secreted by some of the colonists in the hollow 
of a tree, which is still in existence, and is to this day known as the Charter Oak. When Andros was deposed in 
16S9, the charter was resumed, and the government was administered under it until 1S18. when the present constitution 
was formed and went into effect. Its principal provisions are referred to under another caption. 
Haetfoed and New Havzn are alternate capitals of the State. 



CoNKEcncTTT rfver: this r. has its sources in K ITamp., 
and the mountainous tracts of Lower Canada. Its general 
course is from N. to S., and it is navigable for vessels of 
considerable burden for a distance of 50 m. to Hartford, and 
to Middletown, about 30 m. from the sea, for vessels of 12 
feet draft. It is the Quon^ktacut of the Indiana, said to 
signify " Long River," or. as it is rendered by others, the 
"River of Pines." lis western branch forms the boundary 
line between the United States and Canada ; and the main 
river, dividing Vermont and New Hampshire, crosses the 
western part of Massachusetts, passes through the central 
part of Connecticut, and after a fall -^f about l,6iXi feet in ita 
whole length of 410 miles, enters Long Island Sound in 
41-' 16' y. lat. In its course it passes through a beautifhl 
country, and by many very fiourishing towns, among which 



Brattleboro', in Vermont; Greenfield, Hadley, Northamp- 
ton, and Springfield, in Massachusetts ; and Hartford, Mid- 
dletown, and Haddam, etc., in Connecticut. Its breadth, at 
the entrance into Vermont, is aU-iut 150 feet, hut in its 
course of GO miles it increases to a breadth of about 400 
feet. In Connecticut and Massachusetts, its breadth varies 
fi-om 500 to 1,100 feet. The canals and other improvemenla 
recently made to overcome the rapids and falls, have ren- 
dered it navigable for small boats which trade .as far bb 
■Well's r., at a distance of 250 m. above Hartford. The falls 
of most celebrity are Bellow's Falls, Queechy Falls, White 
River Falls, etc., in New Hampshire and Vermont; Mon- 
tague and South Hadley Falls, in Massachusetts ; and 
Enfield Falls, in Connecticut, at the last of which it 
meets tide water. The descent of the river, between Han- 



may be mentioned Hanover, Haverhill, "Walpole, and ov<-r. New Hampshh-e, and Enfield, Connecticut, is about 
Charleetown, in New Hampshire ; Windsor, Newbury, and , S70 fetjt, of which 225 feet have been overcome by locla. 



151 



CON 



COO 



The principal tributaries of this river are, in New Hamp- 
shire, tlic Upppr anU Lower Aramonoosuc, Sugar, and 
AshuL-iot rivers ; in Vermont, Paenmsic, Wells, "White, 
Queechy, Black, Williams, and West rivers; in Massachu- 
setts, Miller's, Deerfleld, Ohicopeo, and Wesffleld rivers; and 
in Connecticut, Farminglou r. The banks of the ConnecU- 
cut are in many places rough and preeii)ilous, but there are 
olhcr portions on both sides, extending from half a mile to 
6 miles wide, and but slightly raised above the surface of the 
stream, which are annually overflowed, and consequently 
enriched, the soil of which is very fertile, and forms a large 
tract of meadow-land. From tlie beauty, utility, and length 
of this river, and also from its connection with the differenl 
towns and villages which lie on its banks, it forms one of 
the most distinguished features of New England. Largo 
quanlilics of shad, of a superior quaUty, are taken annually, 
also some other fish ; but the salmon, which furnierly fre- 
quented it, have now disappeared. 

Connell'8 Cross Roads, p. o., Bossier par., La. : 220 m. 
N. W. Baton Eouge. 

CoNNELUBviLLK, p. V., Fayette co., Fenn. : on the E. bank 
of Youghiogeny r.. 16S m.W. by S. Ilarrisburg. Pop. COO. 
Consee's Mills, p. o., Cooper co., Mo.: 42 m. N. W. 
Jefferson City. 

CoNNERSviLLE, p. V., Harfison co., Ky. : 43 m. E. N. E. 
Frankfort. 

CoNNEKSviLLE, p. V., and cap. Fayette co., Ind. : on the 
W. side of the W. branch of White Water r., M m. E. by S. 
Indianapolis. It is an important place, being on the line 
of the White Water Canal, and of the Junction II. R., the 
first connecting it with the places N. and S., and the latter 
with those E. and W. of it. Two newspapers, the *' White 
Water Valley" (whig), and the " Fayette and Union Chron- 
icle" (dcm.), are issued weekly. The v. contains several 
large and substantial stores and warehouses, and is fully 
provided with churches and schools. The C. II. is one 
of the hanHsomest public buildings in the State. Pop. 1,396. 
Conn's Creek, p. o., Shelby co., Ind. : on the cr. so called, 
83 m. 8. E. Indianapolis. Conn's cr, ia a good mill-stream, 
and a tributary of Flat Rock river. 

CoNOcocHEAGL'E, p. o., Washington co., J/c?. ; on a cr. 
of Potomac r. so called, 9 m. W. Hagerstown, and 79 ni. 
N. W. by W. Annapolis. 

CoNOis, t. and p. c, Calhoun co., J/ick. : 33 m. S.W. 
Lansing. The t contains numerous ponds, and is drained 
chiefly by tributaries of Battle cr., which passes through its 
N. W. corner. Pop. 621. 

CosoTEN, p. v., Harrison co., 07tw: on Conoten cr. of 
Tuscarawas r., 9S m. E. N. E. Columbus. 

Conquest, t. and p. v., Caynga co., 2^^. Y. : on the N. side 
of Seneca r.. which in the S. W. comer of the t. divides and 
forms Ilowland's Island. The surface is roiling. The v., 
142 m. W. by N. Albany, contains about SO dwellings and 
200 iidiabitants. Pop. of Ll,S63. 

CoNRAn's Store, p. o., Rockingham co., Vtrff. ; 97 m. 
N. W. Richmond. 
CuNsnoffroN, p. v., Montgomery co., Peiin. 
Consolation, p. v., Shelby co., ffy. ; 26 m. W. Frankfort. 
CoNSTAiiLEviLLE, p. v., Lcwis CO., A1 Y. : on a cr. of 
Black r., 98 m. N. W. Albany. 

CoNSTANTiA, t. and p. v., Oswego CO., X. Y. : on the N. 
Bide of Oneida Lake, 112 m. W\ N. W. Albany. It is drain- 
ed by Scriba and otlier creeks flowing into the lake. The 
T. contains about 400 inhabitants. Pop. 2,495. 

CoNSTANTiA Centee, p. 0., Oswcgo CO., 2i.Y.: 110 m. 
W. N. W. Albany. 

CoNSTANTiNE, t. and p. T., St Joseph CO., 3ficK : on both 
Bides of SL Joseph's r., &3 m. S. W. Lansing. The v. is lo- 
cated on Fall cr., and is in a very fl»'>urishing condition, with 
considerable commerce and inland trade. Fop. oft. 1,494. 
Constitution, p. v., Washington co., Ohw. 
Content, p. o., Bulwer co., Miss.: 123 m. N. N. W. 
Jackson. 

162 



Contentnia, p. o., Pitt CO., 2i. Car.: on Conlentnia cr., 
a tributary of Neuse r., 74 m. E. S. E. Kaleigh. 

Coxtoocook Village, p. v., Morrimac co., X. ffatnp.: 
on Conloocoii'k r., and on the line of the Concord and Clare- 
niont II. R., at the point of divergence of the Contoocook 
Valley R. R., 10 m. from Concord. The water-power is 
here extensive, and a large manufacturing v. ha.-* sprung up 
within a few years under the favoring influence' of direet 
railroad connection with Boston and other parts of New 
England, etc. Tlie Contoocook r. is a tributary of the Mer- 
riuiac r., which it joins on the N. line of Concord. 

Contra Costa county, CnUf. Situate W., and contains 
1,6'>0 sq. m. On the W. and N., San Francisco Bay and its 
tributary rivers demark its bounds and receive its drainage. 
Surface numulHinous, with extensive valle\8, the coast 
range passing Ihri-mgh it. Farms — ; manuf. — ; dwell. — , 
and pop.— wh. 2.4S7 fr. col. 299— total 2,786. Capital : Mar- 
ti nez. 

CoNTRERAS, p. V., EuUef CO., Ohio : 94 m. W. S. W. 
Columbus. 

CoNTENiENCE, p. V., Fayctto CO., Ohio: on tlie S. W. side 
of the N. Branch of Paint cr., 37 m. S. by W. Columbus. 

Convenient, p. v., Smith co., Tenn. : 49 m. E. by N. 
Nashville. 

Convent, p. o., St. James par., Za.: 37 m. S. S. E, 
Baton Rouge. 

Conway county, A}k. Situate centrally, and contains 
1,S60 sq. m. Drained by Cadron, Point Remove, and other 
creeks of Arkansas r., which washes its S. W. border. The 
surface is somewhat hilly and broken, but the soils have 
an average productiveness, and yield good crops, Indian 
corn, etc. Farms 3S7 ; manuf. 3 ; dwell. 59,% and pop.^ 
wL. 3,339, fr. col. 4, si. 240— total 3,583. Capital: Lewis- 
burg. 

Conway, t. and p. v., Franklin co,, Mass. : on the S. W. 
side of Deerflcld r., 92 ra. W. by N. Boston. Tlic p. o. lies 
near the centre of tlie t. The manufactures of Conway 
consist of cotton and woolen goods, leather, cabinet ware, 
etc. It has flue farming lands. Pop. 1,S31. 

Conway, t. and p. o., Aroostook co., Me. : in the S. W. 
part of the co., 110 m. N. N. E. Augusta. The t. is drained 
by Molenoas cr., a tributary of Matawamkeag r., and by 
several streams tributaries of t!ie Penobscot. 

Conway, t. and p. o., Livingston co., Mich.: in Ihc 
N. W. corner of the co., 24 m. E. Lansing. 

Conway, t. and p. v., Carroll co., A'. Ilamp.: on Saco r., 
56 m. N. N. W. Concord. Swift and Pcquawkett rivers 
fall into the Saco within this t., and afford extensive mill- 
power. The ordinary depth of the Saco is here about 3 
feet, with a rapid current, broken by falls, but in season 
of flood it has been known to rise 27 and even 30 feet iu 24 
hours. Magnesia and fuller's earth are abundant, and near 
the centre of the t. is a sulphur spring. Tlie soils are very 
fertile. Conway village is a pleasant resort for travelers to 
the White Mount;iins, and will, before long, be connected 
with the railroads to Boston by the Great Falls and Con- 
way R. R. Pop. 1,769. 

Conwayborougii, p. v., and cap. Horry dist.. S. Car. : 103 
m. E. by S. Columbia, on the W. side of Waccamaw r., 
which thus far is navigable for steamboats. The v. eon- 
tains the county buildings and about 200 iniiabitants, and 
has some trade with the neighboring settlements. 

CoNYER'a, p. 0., Newton co., 6a. : on the line of Iho 
Georgia R. R., 141 m. from Augusta and SO from Atlanta, 
and 62 m. N. W. Milledgeville. 

CoNVERSviLLE, p. V., Ilcnrj CO., Tenn,.: 89 m. W. 
Nashville. 

CoNYNGiiAM, p. v., Luzerne co., Penn.: 69 m. N. N. E. 
Ilarrisburg. 
Coocn's BRtnuE, p. o.. New Castle co., Dei. 
Cook coimty, IU. Situate in the N. E., on Lake Mich- 
igan, and contains SS6 sq. m. Drained by Calumio, C-hicago 
and Dcsplaincs rivers. Surface low, level prairie, with 



coo 



coo 



timber groves and some swamps ; rises from the lake shore. 
Soils fertile. Farms 1,S57 ; manuf. 227; dwell. 7,674, and 
pop.— ivh. 42,999, fr. col. SS6— total 48,3S5. Capital: Chi- 
cago. Public Works: Galena and Chicago Union R. 11. ; 
Chicago and Tock Island E. R. ; Aurora Extension K. K. ; 
Chicjigo and Mississippi K. K. ; Northern Indiana K. E. ; 
I-al;e Shore E. K. ; Chicago Branch of Central K. E., 
etc. ; IHiuois and Michigan Canal ; and numerous plank 
roads. 
Cook. p. r., Erie co., Penn, : 205 m. N. W. Harrisburg. 
C<K)KE county, Tecp. Situate N., and contains about 4,600 
6q. m. Drained by the head streams of tlie Trinity and 
Urazos rivem. and by creeks falling into Eod r., which 
bounds it on Ha N. side. Surface elevated and diversified, 
chiefly prairie. Soils fertile. Farms 25; monuf. 0; dwell. 
8S, and pop.— wlu 219, fr. col. 0, si. 1— toLil 220. Capi- 
tal: 

C<K)KisviLLE, p. v., Caddo, par., La.: 22G m. N. W. 
Baton Rouge. 
CooKiiAM, p. v.. Fairfield dist., S. Car. : on the line of 
I Charlotte and South Carolina E. E., 17 m. N. Columbia. 

CoOKSBUCGU, p. v., Albany co., N. Y.: 26 m. S. W. 
I Albany. 

Cook's Coknf.rs, p, o., Erie co., Ohio : 99 m. N. Columbus. 
j CooKSF.TviLLE, p. V., Crittenden co., Ay. ; 20S m. W. by S. 

] Frankfort. 

I Cook's Law Office, p. o., Elbert co., Ga. : S2 ra. N. N. E. 

Millcdgeville. 
I Couk's Run, p. o., Clinton co., Pemi,: S3 m. N. N. "W. 

Ilarrisburg. 

CtJOKSTowN, p. v., Fayclte co., Penn.: 1C2 ni. W. by S. 
Ilarrisburg. Pop, 972. 
CooKSTOWN, p. v., Burlington co., N. Jer. 
CooKsviLLE, p. v., Anne Arundel co., JA7. ; at the 
I head of Cat-tail branch of Big I'atuxcnl r., 42 m. N. W. 

' Annapolis. 

CooKsviLLE, p. v.. Rock CO., Wise. : on a branch of Cat- 
fish r., 21 m. S. S. E. Madison. 

CooKsviLLE, p. v., Noxubee co., 3fiss,: 112 m. E. N. E. 
Jackson. 

CooLiJAUcn's, p. 0., Monroe co., Perm.: 123 m. N. E. 
Ilarrisburg. 

Cool Si-ring, p. o., Wilkinson co., Ga,: in the S. corner 
of the CO., 82 m. S. Milledgevillu. 

Cool Sprlsg, p. o., Jefferson co., Penn. : 132 m. W. by N. 
Ilarrisburg. 

CooLviLLE, p. v., Athens co., Ohio: on the W. side of 
Hocking r., near 4 m. from its confiueucc with the Ohio r., 
S2 m. S. E. Columbus. 

Cool Well, p. o., Amherst co., Virg. : 100 ra. W. 
Richmond. 

Coon Creek, p. o., Jasper co., 3Ib. : on the S. side of 
Coon cr., a branch of Muddy cr. of Neosho r., 13C m. S. W. 
Jefferson City. 

CooNEWAN, p. v., Pontotoc co.y Miss.: 157 m. N. N. E. 
Jackson. 

Cons nii.L, p. o., Santa Eosa co., Flor. : 1G5 ra, W. 
Tallah;isnee. 

Coox Traieie, p. o,, Crawford co., TI7*c'. .■ 76 m. W. by N. 
Madison. 

CooNviLLE, p. v., Pottowattomee co., la.: 212 m. W, 
Iowa City. 

Cooper county, Mo. Situate centrally, and contains 576 
sq. m. Drained by Black r., Rio a la Mine, and Saline and 
Moniteau creeks, tributaries of Missouri r., which makes its 
N. iwundary. Surface undulating, and soils very produc- 
tive. Indian coni and tobacco are the principal agricultural 
staples, and livi.--stock is raised in large numbers. Farms 
1.064 ; niaiuif. 7'.i : dwell. 1,717, and pop.— wh. 9,S37, ft. col. 
22. si. 3,(iHl-~total 12,950. CdjnUil: Booneville. PuUiii 
Wor^>^: Pacific!:. R. 

CoovER, t. and p. v., Washington co.. JA'. .■ 127 m. E. N. E. I 
Augusta. It is drained by two small lakes and several 1 



streams emptying into Cobscook Bay. The surface is even 
and the soils productive. Pop. 562. 
Cooper, p. v., Wayne co., Ohio : 78 m. N. E. Columbus. 
Cooper, I. and p. o., Kalamazoo co., Mich. : on both sides 
of Kalamazoo r., 56 m. W. S. W. Lansing, Pop. 73-3' 

Cooper river, S. Car.: unites Tiith Ashley r. to form 
Charleston Harbor, entering it on the E. side of the city. A 
canal, 21 m. long, unites Cooper with the Sanlec, and thus 
opens an extensive interior to Charleston, 

Cooper's, p. o., Franklin co., Vii-g.: 133 m. W. S. W. 
Richraond, 

CoopBRSBUEG, p. V., Lehigh co., Peini. : S7 m. E. N. E. 
Ilarrisburg. 

Cooper's Gap, p. o., Rutherford co., 3"", Car.: 200 m, 
W. by S. Raleigh, 

Cooper's Mills, p. o., Lincoln co., Jfc. ; on the Kennebec 
r., 13 m. S. Augusta. 

Cooper's Plains, p. v., Steuben co.. A''. }'. ; on the Buf- 
falo. Corning, and New Tork E. R., 3 ra. from Painted 
Post and 16S m. W, by S. Albany. 

CoopEBSTowN, p, v., and cap. Otsego co., A'. Y. : at the 
outlet of Otsego Lake, 5S m. W. Albany. It is a neat and 
tastefully built village, and is surrounded by scenery not 
excelled by any in central New York for beauty. Three 
newspapers, the "Freeman's Journal" (dem.), the " (ttsego 
Republican"' ^whig"), and the "Otsego Democrat" (dcm,), 
are published weekly. The manufacluring interest is con- 
siderable, cotton goo<l3 and pajicr being its staples. Pop. 
1,41)0. 

Coop-ERSTOWN, p. v., Brown co., Wise. : on Benton cr. of 
West Twin r., 113 m. N. E. Madison, and equidistant be- 
tween Manitouwoc and Green Bay. 

CoopERSTowN, p. v., VcDango CO., Penn. : 1C3 m. N. W. 
Ilarrisburg. 

Cooi'EF.sviLLE, p. T., Dcarbom co., Ind.: 79 m, S. R 
Indiauajiolis. 

CoopERSviLLE, p. v., FcntrcEs CO., Tcnu. : 113 m. E. by N 
Nashville. 

Coopebsvilij:, p. t., Clinton co., X. Y.: 1S6 m. N. 
Albany. 

CooPERSviLLE, p. v., Laucastcr co., Peyvi. : 43 m. S. E. 
Ilarrislfurg. 

CoopEusviLLE, p. v., Union dist., S. Car. : 77 m. N. W. 
C.ilumbia. 

Ci»op's Cp.eicK) p. o., Marion co., 7'c7ni. : IdO m. S. E. 
Nashville. 

Coos county, A' ITamp. Situate N.. and contains 1,600 
sq. m. Drained by tributaries of Connecticut r., and by the 
Androscoggin and Saco rivers, which flow into Maine. 
Much of tlie land ia rough and broken, unfit for cultivation, 
but on the Connecticut, and other streams, the soil is fi-rtilo 
and productive. The White Mountains occupy the S. E. 
part of the co. The climate is too severe for Indian com, 
but all other grains and roots grow well. Farms 1,4^.9; 
manuf. 69; dwell. 2,114, and pi.p.— wh. ll.SiO, fr. col. 4— 
total li.SJS. Capitol: Lancaster. Public Wori^i: Atlantic 
and St. Lawrence R. R. 

Coosa county, Ala. Situate centrally, and contains S64 
sq. m. Drained by Paint, Wt-oqualka, Hatchet, and Wo- 
woka creeks of Coosa r., and by several creeks of Tallapoo- 
sa r. Surface hilly and broken. Soils fertile, with abund- 
ance of timber, cotton, Indian corn, wheat, with tobacco and 
rice, are the pnuluels. Farms 1,130; manuf. 13; dwell. 
1,725. an<I pnp.~wh. 10,414, fr. col. 9, si. 4,120— total 14,543. 
Capifiil: P.ocUford. 

Coosa, p. v., Floyd co., Ga. : on the Coosa r., 146 m. 
N. W. Milledgeville. 

Coosa river, Ala. and Ga.: rises in Georgia and runs 
through the N. AV. part of that Slate into Alabama, and S 
m. below Wctunipka unites with the Tallapoosa r. to form 
the Alabiima. The Coosa is navigable for steamboats to 
Wetumpka, and its whole course is .about 240 miles. 
CooSAWATcuiF,, p. v., and cap. Beaufort dist., S. Car-. : on 

153 



coo 



COR 



the "VS*. bank of Coosawatchio r., near ila confluence with 
Broad r., 97 m. S. Columbia. It is a small v., being im- 
portant solely as the county seat of Justice. 

CoosAWATTEE, p. V., Murray co., Ga. : on the N. side of 
CooMwatloe r., a constituent of the Coosa r., 142 m. N. W. 
Willedgeville. 

^'OPAKH, t. and p. v., Columbia co., K Y. : on the Mas- 
saehuseiis State line, 47 m. S. by E. Albany. The E. part 
of the t. is hilly— in the "W. are several small lakes and An- 
cram r. The v. lies near the Harlem R. W. Pop. 1,653. 

CoPAKK lake. Columbia co., N. Y.: a beautiful sheet of 
■water, about 600 acres in extent Ita shores have a gentle 
declivity and are highly cultivated. The waters are re- 
markably clear, and the bottom of the lake is composed of 
white sand and gravel. 

CopAK, p. v., Haywood co., Tetm. : 146 m. W. by S. 
Nashville. 

CopAso, p. 0.. Befugio -co., Tev. : on Aransas Bay, op- 
posite to Aransas City Point, 162 ra. S. by E. Austin City. 
It has a good harbor for small coasters and steamboats. 

CoPRLAND, p. o., Telfair co., Ga. : on the N. E. side of 
Okmulgee r., 78 m. S. Milledgeville, 

CoPESHAGKN, p. v., Caldwell par., La.: on the W. side 
of and 2 m. from Wachita r., 116 m. N. N. W. Baton Rouge. 

C'OPEsnAGGs, p. v., Caldwell co., A''. Oir. : a few milee 
N. E. of the confluence of Lower cr. with the Catawba r., 
162 ra. W. Ealeigh. 

CopENHAGTis, p. v„ Lcwis CO., N. Y. .' ou both sides of 
Deer cr.. 120 m. N. W. Albany. It is a flourishing v., and 
engaged in manufaoturea. About half a mile below the v., 
on Deer cr., is a fall of 270 feet, nearly perpendicular. 

Cope's Mu.l8, p. o., Jefferson co., Ohio: 123 m. E. by N. 
Columbus. 

Copi, p. 0., Johnson co., la. : on the N. side of Clear cr. 
of Iowa r., 10 m. W. N. W. Iowa City. 

CopiAJi county, J/i'**. Situate S. W. centraUy, and con- 
tains 986 sq. ra. Drained by Bayou Pierre, the head streams 
of Ilomochitto r., and tributaries of Pearl r., which runs 
along its N. E. border. Surface flat and low. Soils various, 
cliiefly sandy loam, producing cotton and com. Farms 
951 : manuf. 21 ; dwell. 11,4S, and pop.— wh. 6.303, Tr. col. 
11, si. 5.4S0— total 11.794. C\ipital : GaUaUn. PuUic 
Works : New Orleans and Jackson R. E. • 

CopiAn Cbeek. p. o., Copiah co., Mim^. : 29 m. S. Jackson. 

Copley, t and p. v.. Summit co., Ohio: on the N. side 
of Wolf or. of Tuscarawas r.. 102 ra. N. E. Columbus. It 
has good water-power and numerous mills. Pop. 1,541. 

CopopA, p. v., Lorain co., Ohio : on the E. side of Rocky 
r., lOS m. N. N. E. Columbus. 

Copperas Creek, p. v., Fulton co., III. : on a cr. of the 
Illinois r. so called, 49 m. N. N. W. Springfield. 

Copper Creek, p. o., Mereer co., JU. : on Copper cr. of 
Illinois r., 122 m. N. W. Springfield. 

Copper Creek, p. o., Jackson co., /«. ; on a cr. of Ma- 
koqueta r. so called, 64 m. N. E. Iowa City. 

Copper Harbor, ji. v., Houghton co.. Mi(^. : at the N. E, 
extremity of Keweenaw Point, a peninsula projecting into 
Lake Superior, in about IIOW. of Washington, and to 47° Zi^ 
N. laL The settlement has been formed aa a dfpfit for the 
mineral region in the neighborhood, and has already risen 
to importance. It has a good harbor ami other advantages 
aa a commercial settlement A railroad from Chicago is 
projected northward to the harbor, a direct distance of be- 
tween 40(t and 500 miles. 

Copper Ridge, p. o., Hancock co., Tenju : 205 m. E. by N. 
Nashville. 

Coral, p. o., M'Henry co., lU. : about 4 m. S. E. of Mar- 
engo, on the Galena and Chicago Union R. E., and 173 m. 
N. N. E. Springfield. 

Coram, p. v., Suflblk co., ^V; Y. : 122 ra. S. E. Albany. It 
lie8 on the post road, between Smithtown and Riverhead. 

CoKBFreviLLE, p. V., Eroome co., K Y.: 108 m. S. W. 
Albany. 



COBDAVILLE, p. V., WorOCStCr CO., J/iw.?. 

CotDovA, p. v., Rock Islanri co., lU. : in the N. part of 
the CO. and on tiie Mississippi r., 132 m. N. by W. Springfield. 

Cordova, p. v., Grant co., Ky, : 88 m. N. N. E. Frankfort. 

CoRFf, p. v., Genessec co,, A' 1'. ; 228 m. W. Albany. 

CoRiNNA, t and p. o., Penobeeot eo., Me. : 46 m. N. N. E. 
Augusta. The L is watered by head branch of Sebasticook 
river. Pop. 1,S60. 

CoEiN.vA Centre, p. o., Penobscot co., Me. : 4S m. N. N. E. 
Augusta. 

Corinth, p. v., Heard co., Gn. : on New r., a cr. of Chat- 
tahoochee r., lOS m. W. by N. MilledgevHle. 

CoRiNTn, t and p. o., Penobscot co., Ms. : on both sides 
of Kenduskeag stream, 55 m. N. E. Augusta. Pop. l,6i.)0. 

CoELNTii, t, and p. 0., Saratoga co., N. Y. : on the S. W. 
side of Hudson r., 36 m. N. Albany. The p. o. is situate at 
Jessup's Landing. Pop. of l. l,f>ol. 

CoRisTu, p. v., Belmont co., Ohio : 110 m. E. Columbus. 

C^iBJ-NT^, L and p. o., Orange co., Venn. : 'IS m. S. E. 
Montpelior. The t. Is drained by branches of Wail's r., 
which furnishes water-power, which is usod for milling 
purposes. Pop. 1.906. 

CoRMsn. U and p. o., Sullivan eo., X. Ilamp. : on the E. 
side of Connecticut r., 47 m. N. W. by W. Concord. The 
t is conuect<?d with Windsor, Yei'm., by a bridge over the 
r. Tlie surface is uneven, except on the r., but the soils are 
fertile. Along the streams flowing to the Connecticut there 
are numerous mills, etc. Pop. 1 C06. 

Cork, p. v., Ashtabula co., Ohio : Jo6 m. N. E. Columbus. 

Cork, p. v.. Butts co., G<x. : 47 m. W. by N. Milledgeville. 

Corner Gum, p. t., Currituck co., N. Car.: 163 to. 
E. by N. Raloigh. 

Corners, p. o., Windsor co., Verm. : 67 m. S. Montpelier. 

Coenersbcrg, p. v., Mahoning eo., Ohio: 132 m. N. E. 
Columbus. It is a flourishing v., and has about 300 in- 
habitants. 

Cop.NEESTTLLE, p. V., Marshall co., Mi^s. : 187 m. N. by E. 
Jackson. 

CoRXERSVTLLE, p. V., Giles CO., Term. : in the N. E. comer 
of the CO., 51 m. 9. Nashville. 

Corn Grove, p. c, Benton co., Aia.: 97 m. N. N. E. 
Montgomery. 

Cornie, p. v., Union co., Ark. : 103 m. S. Little Rock. 

Corning, p. v., Steuben co., IT. Y. : on the S. side of 
Chemung r., 166 m. W. S. W. Albany. It has a large num- 
ber of manufacturing establishments, and a newspaper, the 
" C. Jounial" (whig), i^ issued weekly. The New York and 
Erie R. R., which pusses tlirough the v., is here intersected 
by the Coming and Blossburg R. R., which extends S. to 
the bituminous coal region of Pennsylvania, and by the 
Buffalo, Corning, and New York E. R. Here, also, com- 
mences the navigable feeder of the Chemung Canal, which 
unites with the Erie Canal by means of Cayuga Lake and 
llie Cayuga and Seneca Canal. Its coal trade is very ex 
tensive. Pop. 3,000. 

CoBNTSH, p. v., York oo., Mif. : on the S. of Saoo r. and 
its tributary, the Great Ossippee r.. 66 m. S. W. Augusta. 
iLi eoih are fertile and produce go«xl wheat crops. Crock- 
ery and some other manufactures are engaged in. 

CoENisn Flat, p. o.. Sullivan co., X. Hump.: near the 
centre of the L, 45 m. N. W. by W. Concord. 

CoRNiSHViLLE, p. V., Merccr eo., Ky. : 29 m. S. Frankfort. 

CouNPLANTKK, t. and p. o., Venango co., Penn. : 1S9 m. 
N. W. Harrisburg. 

CoRNTiLLE, t and p. o., Somerset co., M«. : on the Wea- 
saransett r., a stream of the Kennebec r., S3 m. N. by E. 
Augusta, 

Cornwall, L and p. v., Litchfield co.. Conn. : a hilly 
tract on the E. side of Connecticut r., 37 m. W. by N. Hart- 
ford. The V. hes about 2 m. from the r., and contains about 
200 inhabitants. The Housatonic R. R. follows the valley 
of the r. through the L. passing through tlie village of 
Cornwall Bridge, etc. Pop. 2,041. 



COR 



COT 



Cornwall, t. and p. v., Orange co., J^. T.: on the W. , 
8uie of Iluds'jn r.. ST m. S. Albany. The surface of the t. 
\a hilly, and in part mountain, having on the N. Butter Hill 
and Crow's Nest, two noted peaks of Uie Highlands. This 
ifi a romantic reaion. and contains the site of many historic 
scenes. West Point is also in this town. The v. is situate 
at the N. termination of the Highlands, and contains about 
200 iuhabitanta. Pop. 4,471. 

d.-RNWALL, p. v., Lebanon co., Feim. : 8T m, K. by N. 
llarrisburg. 

CoBUNWALL, t. and p. v., Addison co., Verm.: on the W. 
side of Otter cr., ai m. S. W. Montpelier. In the S. part of 
Uie t. there are swampi covering a large surface. The 
Uutland and Burlington R. K. traverses N. E. along the 
ralley of Otter creek. Pop. 1.155, 

Cornwall Bridge, p. o., Litchfield co., Conn. : 41 m. 
W. Hartford, on the W. side of the Housatonic r., and on 
the line of Housalonio K. E. 

Cor:«wall Hollow, p. o., Litchfleld co., Cbrvn. : 3S m. 
W. by N. Hartford. 

CoKNWALLviLLK, p. V., Greene co., Nl Y. : 29 m. S. W. 
AJbany. 

CoEPcs CuBiSTi, p. v., and cap. Nueces co., Tex.: on the 
neck of the peninsula between Corpus Christi Bay and 
Nueces Bay, 193 m. S. by E. Austin City. It is a place of 
considerable trade, and a regular line of steamships plies 
between it and New Orleans. Pop. 20i). 

ConeiCA, p. v., Monroe co., Ohio : 43 m. N. by E. 
Columbus. 

Corsica, p. v., Jefferson co., Penn, : 132 m. W. N. W. 
Harrisburg, 

CoRsicANA, p. v., and cap. Navarro co., Tese. : on the high 
prairie, between Pecan and Richland creeks of Trinity 
r., 122 m. N. N. E. Austin City. It has about 120 inhabit- 
ants, and the surrounding country is thickly settled by cot- 
Ion i)lanters. 

CoRTLAN-D county, y. Y. Situate centrally, and contains 
500 sq. m. Drained by Tioughnioga and Otzelic rivers, 
which afford extensive mill-power, and in flood are naviga- 
ble for boats. Surface elevated, its N. boundary forming 
the watershed between Lake Ontario and the Susquehanna 
r. Soils a gravelly loam, intermingled with disintt^grated 
Ume and slate, and very fertile, yielding good crops of grain 
and grass. Timber is abundant. The manufactures are 
chiefly those of flour, lumber, cotton and woolen goods, 
leather, and potash. Farms 2,465 ; manuC 202 ; dwell. 4.5S0, 
and pop.— wh. 25,104, fir. col. 36— total 25,140. Capital : 
C'ortland Village. 

Cortland, p. v., Kent co., Mich. : 54 m. "W. by N. 
Lansing. 

CoETLAND, p. v., Jacksou CO., Jjid. : on the W. side of 
Driftwood r., or the E. fork of White r., 65 m. S. by E. 
Indianapolis. 

Cor.TLAND, p. v., Newton co., Tacr. : 247 m. E. by N. 
Austin City. 

CoF.Ti.AND Village, p, v., and cap. Cortland co., J^. Y. : 
on \V. side of Tioughnioga r., IIS m. W. Albany. It con- 
tains the CO. buildings, several manufactures, and many of 
the houses are elegant structures. The neighborhood is 
highly cultivated. Pop. 1,600. The t of Cortland has T,T5S 
inhabitants. 

CoEUNNA, p. v.. and cap. Shiawassee co., 3/:W). ; on the 
S. W. side of Shiawassee r., 2T m. N. E. Lansing. The r. 
here fyimishes a fine head of water, and works several 
niilh. In tlie vicinity arc found coal, Ume, and sand fit for 
glass manufactures. 

■CoRwiN, p. v., Montgomery co., Ohio: 74 m. "W. by S. 
Columbus. 

CoRTDON, p. v., and cap. Harrison co., Ind. : on a level 
bottom between the forks of Indian cr., 109 m. S. Indiana- 
polis. A newspaper, the '■Harrison Gazette*' (whig), is 
published weekly. As an inland v., Corydon has a respect- 
able amount of trade, and a population of 462 souls. 



CoBTtT)ON, p. v., Henderson co., Ky. : 153 m. "W. Frankfort. 
CoRTDON, p. v., "Warren co., Penn. : 173 m. N. W. 
Harrisburg. 

CosGBovE IIall, p. c, Union co., Penn. : 43 m. N. N. "W, 
Harrisburg. 

CoenoCTON county, Ohi^y. Situate E. centrally, and con- 
tains 646 sq. m. Drained by Killbuck cr.. White-woman's 
CI'., or Walhonding r., and Tuscarawas r., the two latter of 
whieli unite at Coshocton village, and form the Muskin- 
gum r. : Ihpse atTord abundance of water-power. Surface 
uneven and hilly, but the hills are arable, and the soils 
cveryAVhero fertile. Immease amounts of grain are culti- 
vated, and the amount of live-stock is large. Salt, bitumin- 
ous coal, iron ore, and lead ore are found in the co. Farms 
2,736 ; nmnuf. 15S ; dwell. 4.325, and pop.— wh. 25.630. fr. 
col. 44— total 25,674. Capital ; Coshocton. Ptihlic Works : 
Central Ohio E. R. ; Ohio Canal ; Walhonding Canal, etc. 

CosnocTON, p. v., and cap. Coshocton co., Ohio: on the 
E. side of Muskingum r.. at the influence of its constitu- 
ents, the Walhonding and Tuscarawas rivers, 63 m. E. by N. 
Cohmibus. The v. is laid out on four terraces, each 9 feet 
ab>:)ve the other, the first three being 400 feet wide, and the 
last about 1.000 feet ; and the streets are at right angles with 
one anollier. dividing the v. into 36 blocks of 400 feet square, 
and each block into 3 Iota. The v., however, has expanded 
much beyond these original bounds, and the surrounding 
countrj' is thickly settled. It contains a brick court house^ 
several churches, mills, and factories, propelled by both 
steam and water. Two newspapers, the '■ C. Kepublicau" 
(whig) and the " C. Democrat"' (dem.), are published week- 
ly, and the " Practical Preacher.'' a religious paper, is pub- 
lished semi-monthly. Pop. s50. The Wallionding and 
Ohio Canal form a junction on the opposite side of the 
river. 

CostTMNT-s river, CaUf. : rises from the Sierra Nevada, in 
El Dorado co., and passes thence in a direction W. S. W. 
into Sacramento co., in its lower part, dividing it from San 
Joaquin co., and then falling into San Joaquin r., 12 m^ 
from its mouth. 

Cote Sans Dessein, p. o., Callaway co., 3/o. : on the N 
bank of Missouri r., opposite the mouth of Osage r.. 11 m. 
E. by N. Jeflerson City. It is an old French settlement, 
and derives fts name from its location on an isolated hill on 
the margin of the river. 

CoTiLE, p. o., Rapides par.. La. : near Cotile Lake, 108 m. 
W. N. W. Baton Rouge. 

CoTOMA, p. v., Montgomery co., Ala. : on Cotoma cr., 
12 m. S. Montgomery. 

CoTOSA, p. v., Walker co., Ga.: 182 m. N. W. MiUedge- 
Yille. 

Cottage, p. o., Huntingdon co., Fenyi. : 63 m. W. Har- 
risburg. 

Cottage, p. o., Montgomery co., Md. : 36 m. W. Anna- 
polis. It is the p. o. for Leesborough, a v. on the Wash- 
ington and Rockvillc turnpike, 9 m. from the former. This 
v. has 3 churches— 1 Catholic, 1 Episcopal, and 1 Method- 
ist—and about StX) inhabitants : it has also 5 water mills and 
1 steam saw mill. 

Cottage Geove, p. o., Washington co., Minn. Ter.: 
22 m. N. E. St Paul. 

CoiTAGK Gbove, t. and p. o., Dane co., Wise. : 13 m. 
E. by S. Madison. The v. lies on a branch of Cat-flsh r. 
Pop. of the t inlS50, 7S5. 

Cottage Gbote, p. c, Union co., Ind. : &3 m. E. by S. 
IndianajKilis. 

Cottage Hill, p. o., Dupage co., III. : on the line of the 
Galena and Chicago Fnion R. R., 16 m. W. Chicago, and 
162 m. N. N. E. Springfield. 

Cottage Hill, p. o., Lauderdale co,, Tenn. : 163 m. 
W. by S. Nash\ille. 

Cottage Hill, p. o., St. Joseph eo., Ind.: 162 m. N. 
Indianapolis. 

Cottage Home, p. o., Harford co., Md. : on Deer cr., S m. 

155 



COT 



GOV 



N. W. Bel- Air. The Greal Rocks of Deer cr., 2 ra. W.. are 
remarkable for tlieir height and Uic mmantic sccntry of 
their vicinily. Iron orc3 and »)tlier minerals abound, and 
the neighboring lands are conceded to be Ibe best ia the 
county. 

Cottage Home, p. o., Lincoln co., JVI Car. : 143 m. 
■\V. by N. Kalcigh. 

Cottage Inn, p. o., La Fayette co., Wiac. : 49 m. S. W. 
Madison. 

CoTTLKTTLLR, p. o., St. Charlcs CO., Mb. : on the N. side 
of Missouri r., SS m. E. by N. Jefferson City. 

Cotton Gin Port. p. o., Monroe co., ^fiss. : on the E. side 
of Tombigbee r., immediately below the junction of its 
E. and \V. forks, and at the head of navigation, 152 m. 
N. E. Jackson. 

Cotton Grove, p. o., Davidson co.. A' Car. : 102 m. "W. 
Kaleigh. 

Cotton Grove, p. o., Pontotoc co., Miss. : 157 ro. N, N. E. 
Jackson. 

Cotton Grove, p. c, Madison co., Tenn. : 123 m. "W. S.W. 
Nashville. 

C'"'Tton Hill, p. o., Randolph co., Ga. : between Palala 
and Jumma creeks of Chattahoochee r., and on the line of 
the Soulh-Westcrn R. R., 1'3 m. from Fort Gaines, and 138 
m. S. W. Millfdgeville. 

Cotton Plant, p. o., Tippah co., Mi.-is. : 102 m. N. N. E. 
Jackson. 

Cotton Plant, p. o., Rusk co., Tecc. : 236 m. N. E. 
Austin City. 

Cotton Ridge, p. o., Itawamba co., Miss. : 163 m. N. E. 
Jackson. 

Cotton Yalle¥, p. c, Macon co., Ala. : 83 m. E. 
Montgomery. 

CoTToxviLLE, p. o., Marshall co., Ala. : 142 m. N. 
Montgonierj". 

CoTTONviLLE, p. V., Jackson CO., 7(7. ; between two creeks 
of Makoqueta r,. and about 11 m. N. of that stream; 56 
m. N. E. Iowa City. 

Cottonwood, p. v., Christian co., Ky. : 172 m. W. S. W. 
Frankfort. 

Cottonwood creek, Shaste co.. Call/.: a tributary of the 
Sacramento r. from the Coast P.anis-? of mountains. 

Cottkkllvili-e, t. an<l p. o.. St. Clair co., Mich.: on the 
W. side of St. Clair r., 08 m. E. Lansing. The v., located 
on the immediate shore of the r, is a flourishing commercial 
and trading place, and a stopping place for steamboats 
navigating the river. Pop. <,f t. 913. 
CoTiTiT, p.v., Barnstable eo.. Mitss. .- 62 m. E. P. E. Boston. 
CoTuiT PoKT, p. v., Barnstable co., Mass. : 65 ra. E. S. E. 
Boston. 

Coulson's Mill, p. o., Linn co., 3fo. : on Little Yellow 
cr. of Grand r., 92 ra. N. N. W. Jefferson City. 

Coulter's Store, p. o., Macon co., Mo. : 69 m. N. by W. 
Jefterson City. 

Coi'LTERSviLLE, p. V., Butlcr CO., Penii. : \\j^ m. VC. by N. 
Harrisbnrg. 

Council Bknd, p. o., Crittenden co., Arl:. : 112 m. E. by 
N. Little Rock. 

Council Bluffs, p. v., Pottowattomee co., /a. : on the 
Missouri r., 216 m. W. by S. Iowa City. This is an important 
point in overland travel, being the last civilizi-d settlement 
before entering llic Indian country. Here the emigrant 
provides liiniself with his outfit, and. crossing over the Mis- 
souri, wends his way over the vast wilds. From Council 
Bluffs to Oregon City Is 1,92 1 m.. and from C. B. to Sacra- 
nionlo City, 2.0U m.. the routes being those indicated by 
Horn's Overland Guide, publishecl in 1852. 

Council Hill. p. o.. Joe Daviess co., lU. : on the Galena 
and White Oak Spa road, 182 m. N. N. W. Springfield, and 
about S m. N. E. Galena. 
Coustsvillf., p. o., l^xington dist., ,S. Car. 
Countv Line, p. o., Tallapoosa co., Ala. : 37 m. N. by E. 
Moutgomery. 
160 



County Line, p. o., Campbell co., Ga. : 88 m. W. N. W. 
Millodgeville. 

County Link, p. o., Newton co., Miss.: on the TV. Una 
of the CO., 59 m. E. by N. Jackson. 

County Line, p. o., Niagara co., A^. }' : 232 m. W. by N. 
Albany. 

County Link, p. o., Davis co., 7^. Car.: 103 m. W. by N. 
Raleigh. 

Court Hill, p. o., Talladega co., Ala. : Tl m. II. by E. 
Montgomery. 

Court House, p. o., Franklin co., Ala.: 187 m. N. W. 
Montgomery. 

CouRTLAND, p. v., Lawrencc co.t Ala.: on the line of 
the Memphis and Charleston R. R., 172 m. N. N. W. 
Montgomery. 

CounTLAND, p. v., Shelby co., Tio*. : 246 m. E. N. E. 
Austin City. 

Courtwright's Mills, p. o., Iroquois co., III.: 116 m. 
N. E. by E. Springfield. 

Cousiiattee Chute, p. o., NacUitoches par. La. : U6 m. 
N. W. Baton Rouge. 
Cove, p.v.. Shelby co., Ala. : 66 m. N. by W. Montgomery. 
Cove. p. v., Polk co., Arl: : US m.W. S.W. Little Rock. 
Cove Creek, p. o., Benton co., Ala.: 96 m. N. N. E. 
Montgomery. 

Covf.nti:y, t. and p. v., Tolland co., Conn. : on the \V. 
side of Willimantic r., and N. of Hop r., 17 m. E. Hartford. 
The surface is uneven, and the soil a gravelly loam. The 
water-power afforded by the streams moves a number of 
mills and factories, chiefly woolen, cotton, paper, etc. I 
Pop. 1,984. 

Coventry, t. and p. v., Chenango co., N. Y. : 97 m. S. W. 
Albany. The surface is hilly, and drained by Harper's 
and Kelscy's creeks, tributaries of the Susquehanna. The 
village contains about 250 inhabitants. Pop. 1,677. 

Cuvkntky, I. and p. o., Kent co., 7?./.; 13 m. S. ^X, 
Providence. The t. is watered by Flat r, and the S. branch 
of Pawtuxent r., whicii furnish extensive water-power, 
which is extensively used in miinufaelures of wool and 
cotton. Po,>, P/ao. 

Coventry, t. and p. v., Orleans co., Venn.: at the head 
of Lake Memphrcmagtig. 46 m. N. N. E. Monlpelier. It is 
drained by Black and Barlon rivers, which empty into this 
lake, and furnish good mill-power. The soil is generally a 
rieh. deep loam, and very fertile. Pup. 867. 

CovKNTi'.YViLLE, p. V., Clienaugo CO., A"", y. : 93 m. S. W. 
Albimy. 

CuVKF.T. t. and p. v., Seneca eo.. A'. 3'." on the W. sido 
of Cayuga Lake, 152 m. \V. Albiiny. The surface is high 
nnd Ii'vcl, and is drained by numerous crtH."ks falling into 
the lake. The v. is a small a^rit-ult. Bettli-menU P. 2 253. 

Covesville, p. v., Albemarle co., Virg. : 72 m. \V. by N. 
Riclmiond. The Virginia Central li. R. passes through tliQ 
village. 

CuvrsviLLE, p. v., Monroe co., 7V«». ; 97 m. N. E. 
Harrisburg. 

CnvisviLLi:, p. v., Saratoga co., 31 }'. ; 23 m. N. by E. 
Albany. 

Covington county, Ala. Situate S., and contains 1.153 
sq. m. Drained by Conecuh r. and Yellow Water r. and 
their tributary creeks. Surface low, but diversified, and 
soils not the most fertile. The products are cotton, corn, 
and rice, the latter in small quantity. Farms 13S; manuf6; 
dwell. 503, and pop.— wh. 3,077, fr. col. SS, si. 480— total 
3,645. Capital : Andalusia. 

CoviNcTON county, .Vm. Situate S. ccntrnlly, and con- 
tains 486 sq. m. Drained by the head creeks of Leaf r., a 
tributary of Pasoagoula r. Surface level, and llie soils light 
and sterile, but with great exceptions. Cotton, corn, and 
potatoes are the chief products. Farms 272; manuf. 5; 
dwell. 848, and pop.— wh. 2,222, (t. col. 2, s!. 1,114— tola] 
8,338. Capitiil : ■\Villiamsburg. 
Co\TNGTON, p. v., and cap. Newton co., Ga.: on the E. 



cov 



cox 



side of and Si m. from Yellow r., a constituent of the 
Okmulgee r., M m. N. W. Milledgeville. The Georgia 
E. 11. passes through the t. 130 ni. Irom Augusta, and 4t 
ID. from Atlanta. It is a considerable place, and contains 
the 00. offices, 4 churches, and many handsome buildings. 
It has also a respectable academy, and 3 m. N., at Oxford, is 
Emory College, a Methodist institution. 

Covington, p. t., and cap. Fuuutain co., Ind.: on the 
E. side of Wabash r., 73 m. W. by N. Indianapolis. The 
Wabasli and Y.t\e Canal passes through the place, and since 
its completion in 1S47, a great increase in tlie trade of the 
T. has resulted. A newspaper, the " People's Friend'\dera.), 
ia published weekly. Top. 1,6(10. 

Covington, p. city, Kenton co,, Kif. : on the "W. side of 
Licking r., on the Ohio, opposite Cincinnati, 60 m. N. N. E. 
Frankfort. It is built on a beautiful plain, most of which 
Is atwve high-water mark; and the streets are so arranged 
as to appear from the liills back of Cincinnati as a continua- 
tion of that city. Newport lies on the nppoBite side of the 
Licking. It is connected with Cincinnati by a steam ferry. 
Covington is a highly flourishing place, and is destined to 
become a large city. It contains a city hall, S churches, a 
theological seminary, belonging to the IJaptista; 70 or SO 
stor^.S 35 tobacco factories, 3 rope-walks, a rnlling-mill, and 
numerous other manufacturing establishments. About a 
mile back from the city is Linden Grove, a beautiful rural 
a^metcry, and 4 m. in the interior are Latonian Springs, a 
very fashionable and pleasant resort in the summer season. 
Two weekly newspiipcrs, the "Democratic Union," and 
the "C. Journal" (whig), are published here; and also a 
monthly literary paper, called the *' C. Gazette." From 
Covington, railroads are in course of constructioTi to Louis- 
ville, Lexington, etc., which will form the connecting links 
between the systn'nis of railroads already built, or being built 
on all sides S. of the Ohio, and those of Ohio and the other 
Western States. Fop. about 10,OCS. 

Covington, p. v.. liichmond co., X. Car. : on the W. side 
of Mountain cr. of Yadkin r., 12 m. S. W. Kaleigli. 

Covington, p. v., and cap. St. Tammany par., La.: on 
the W. side of Bogue Fallia, a small stream emptying into 
Lake Fontcharlrain, 04 m. E. Baton Kouge. 

Covington, t. and p. v., Wyoming co.. K. Y. : 20S m.W. 
Albany. Surface rolling, and drained by AlK-n's cr. The 
V. is a small eeitlement of 2rj or 30 dwellings. 

Covington, p. v., Miami co., Ohio: on the E. bank of 
Stillwater r., nearly opposite and a little S. of the mouth 
of Greenville cr., 71 m. W. by N. Columbus. The site is 60 
feet above the ordinary water level of the river, and the v. 
contains several stones and mechanic shops, with about 600 
inhabitants. Pop. in 1S50 451. 

Covington, p. v., Tioga co., Penn. : on a branch of Tioga 
cr., and on the line of the Coming and Blossbiirg U. B.. 10 
m. N.of Blopsburg, ami l'r7 X. by W. Ilarrisburg. Pop, 133. 

Covington, p. v., and cap. Tipton co., 'feiin. : on a branch 
of Big Ilatchee r., IS m. E. of the Mississippi, and 173 
m. "W. S. W. Nashville. It stands on a beautiful elevated 
country, and is surrounded with a highly cultivated and 
fertile region. It contains a neat court-house, about 120 
buildings, and 600 inhabitants. 

Covington, p. v.. and cap, Alleghany co., Virg.: on the 
N.side of James r.,al the confluence of .Ia<'kson's and Pott's 
creeks, being the liead of navigation. Its situation, in the 
midst of mountain scenery, is beautiful and healthy. The 
V. has several manufactures and mechanic trades, and iathe 
commercial dep6t for an extensive intraniontane region. 
Pop. about 500. The ]trojeotcd li. B. from Lynchburg to 
the Ohio r. at Guyandolte. will pass through it. 

CowAN*8 Ford. p. o., Mechleuburgh co., K Car.: 132 
m. W. S. W. Baleigh. 

CowASSviLLK. p. o., Howan co., K. Car. : 102 m.W. by 9. 
Baleigh. 

CowANfivn-LE, p. T.. Armstrong co,, Penn. : 152 m. 
W. N. W. Uarriaburg. 



Cow bay, Queens co.. N. Y. : is an arm of Long Island 
Sound, extending inland about 5 m.. and navigable for 
steamboats. It is surroundt-d by higlily cultiTated farma 
and country villas. It is in tlie t. of North Hempstead. 

Coir Cbeee, p. o.. Saline co., Mo. : Ti. m. N.W. Jefferson 
City. 

Cow creek, Bhaste co., Calif.: a tributary of the Sacra- 
mento r., from the Sierra KeTada. 

Cow DE158 pout, p. v., and cap. Potter co., Penn. : on the 
N. side of Alleghany r., 123 m. N. N. W. Ilarrisburg. It ia 
a thriving v., and has 300 inhabitants. 

Coweta county, Ga. Situate W., and contains 532 sq. m. 
Drained by Cedar cr. and New r. of ChattahcHjchee r., wliich 
forms its N. W. border, and by tributaries of Flint r., which 
washes it on the K. border ; surface uneven and woode^l ; foils 
generally g<X)d, producing largely cotton, Indian corn, and 
wheat, and some tobacco. Farms 911 ; manuf 52 ; dwell. 
I,3b2. and pop.— wh. 3,202, fr. col. IS, •!. 5,415— total 13,635. 
Capital: Newnan, Public Work f^ : La Grange II. B. 

Cow harbor. Great and Little, Suffolk co., JS'. Y. : a 
large bay in Huntington t., communicating with Huntington 
Bay on the W., and separated from Long Island Sound by 
Eaton's Neck. 

CowiKEE, p, v., Barbour co., Ala.: on Cowikee cr. of 
Chattahoochee r., 76 m. E. S. E. Montgomery. 

CowLESviLLE, p. V,, Wyoming co., N. Y.: 223 m. W. 
Albany. 

Cowlitz Farms, Pacific co., Ort'g. Ter. : a fine agricul- 
tural settlement of the Puget's Sound Agricultural Society 
on the W. side of Cowlitz r., about 40 m. from its mouth, 
and 120 m. N. of Salem. The lands here are among the 
finest in the Territory, producing all the grains and veget- 
ables of temperate climates. A good road leads hence di- 
rectly N. to Puget's Sound and the port of Olympia. 

Cowlitz river, Greg. Ter. : a large tributary of the Co- 
lumbia r.. from the N, E,, wJiich in its main course forms 
the dividing line between Lewis and Clark counties. It is 
navigal)Ie tu Cowlitz Farms, an establishment of the Puget'a 
Sound Agricultural Company. It enters the Columbia 
about 4S m. from its mouth. 

Cow Neck. Queens co.. A'. }'. ; lies between Cow Bay 
on (he W. and Hempstead Harbor on the E. It ia 6 m. 
long and 21 m. wide. 

CowPEN BuANCii, p. o., Barnwell dist., S. Car, 

CowpENS, p. o., Sparlanburgh dist., .S. Car. : between 
Broad r. and Pacolet r., 93 m. N. N. W. Columbia. Tlie 
locality is noted in history as the ground on which tho 
*• Battle of Cowpens'' was fought, 11th Jan., 17S1. 

CowPER Hill, p. o., Bobeson co., N. Car. : 33 m. S. by W. 
Baleigh. 

Cow Skin, p. o., Ozark co., Uo. : 133 m, 9. Jefferson City. 

Coxe's Creek, p. o., Bullitt co., Ky. : 4S m. W. by S. 
Frankfort. 

CossACKiE, t. and p. v., Greene eo., K Y.: on the W. 
side of Hudson r., 22 in. S. Albany. On the W. the surface 
is somewhat hilly, in other parts level. It is drained by 
several creeks of the Hudson. The t. is situate 1 m. W. 
of the landing on the r. ; it contains 90 or 100 dwellings and 
about 600 inliabitanls. Pop. 3,741. 

CoxsAfKiK Lani-ino, v.. Grccue «o., Al }'. .■ 22 m. S. 
Albany. Within the distance of a mile there are tliree 
landings at whicli steamboats stop several times a day dur- 
ing the season of navigation. It contains a number of 
stores, a ship yard, and dry dock, several brick yards, etc., 
and has a large river and inland trade, the former chiefly 
carried on by sloops. Pop. of the v. and neighborh<x)d about 
1,200. 

Cox's Mills, p. o.. Bandotph co., K. Car.: 71 in. W, 
Raleigh. 

Cox's MiLi3, p- 0-1 Gilmer co., FiV^. ; 209 m. W. N. W. 
Biehmond. 

Cox*8 Mills, p. o., Wayne co., Ind. : 63 m. E. Indian- 
apolis. 

157 



cox 



CRA 



Ct^x's Stoeb, p, 0., Washmgton co., Thin,: 236 m. E. 
Nashville, 

CosviLLE, p. v., Do Kalb oo., Aia. : 151 m. N. by E. 
Montgomery. 

CoYLETiLLE, p. V., BuUcF OO., JVfifl. .* 169 DQ. W. by N. 
Harrisbnrg. 

CozBT, p. v., Ilamillon eo., Tenn. : 10# m, S. E. NashvlUe. 

Chab Bottom, p. c, lligliJand co., Virg. : on one of 
the hcnd streams of Cow Pasture r., 120 m. W. by N. 
Kichmond. 

Cbab Hollow, p. o., Lincoln co., Ky, : 54 m. S. 8. E. 
Frankfort. 

Cbab Hollow, p. o., Eay co., Mo.: 116 m. "W. by N. 
Jefferson City. 

Crab Trbb, p. o., Haywood co., -K Car.: 246 m. 
W. by S. Raleigh. 

Ceackee'6 Nece, p. o., Greene co., Oa. 

CainsBi'Ea, t. and p. v., Orleans co., Vfirm. : 27 m. N. by 
E. Montpt'lier. The t. is watered by Black r. of Lake Mem- 
phremagog and branches of Lamoille r. of Lake Cham- 
plain, both of which rise from the hills of this region. The 
V. is on elevated ground, commands a fine prospect, and ie 
a place of considerable busineas. In the centre of the v. 
ts a large public green, 80 by 24 rods in extent 

Ceaftstille, p. T., Elbert co., Ga.: 83 m. N. N. E. 
MilledgeviUe. Pop. of L 1,223. 

Craig, p. o., Switzerland co., Irid. : 87 m, S. E. Indian- 
apolis. 

Cbaig's Crekk, p. o., Botetourt co., Vtrff. ■: on n or. of 
James r. so called, 133 m. W. Richmond. 

Ceaigsttllb, p. o., Orange co., JV. 1' ; on the line of the 
Newburgh Branch R. H,, 16 m. fl-om Newburgh, and 6S m. 
6. by W. Albany. 

Crain'8 Ceeek, p. 0., Monroe co., N. Car. : on Crain's cr. 
of Lower Little r., a branch of Cape Fear r., 42 m. S. "VV. 
Ealeigh. 

Chain's Cornhes, p. o., Herkimer co., N. Y.: dO m. 
W. by N. Albany. 

CRAtjreviLLE, p. v., Hardeman co., Tenn.: on a branch 
of Big Halchie r., where it cuta the E. line of the co., 129 
m. S. W. by W. Nashville. 

Ceanbebry, p. T., Middlesex co., 2^1 Jer. : on Cranberry 
Brook, a tributary of Millstone r., 16 m. N. E. Trenton. 
The v. contains several mills and about 400 inhabitants. It 
has a station on the Camden and Amboy K. E., 18 m. 
from South Amboy. 

Cranbeert, p. T., Allen co., Ohio : 82 m. N. W. Columbus. 

.Cranbeeey, t. and p. o., Venango co., Penn.: on the 

S. E. side of Alleghany r., 178 m. W. N. W. Harrisburg. 

There are several furnaces in the t., and a pop. of nearly 2,000. 

Cranbeert Ceeek, p. o., Fulton co., A''. Y,: on the cr. 
eo called, 42 m. N. W. Albany. 

CsANBEERY FoEGE, p. 0., Vr'atauga 00., iV. Car.: 163 m. 
W. by N. Raleigh. 

CRANBEBnY IsLEs, t. aud p. 0., Hancock co., Jfe. : on the 
Atlantic Ocean, 79 m. E. S. K. Augusta. These isles were 
attached to Mount Desert until 1S30, when they were incor- 
porated. They lie a few miles E. by S. of that island, and 
embrace Ort-al and Little Cranberry, Sutton's and Baker's 
Islands. They afford good harbors, and are well located 
for the shore fishery. Pop. about 250. The p. o. is located 
on Great Cranberry Island. Pop. 283. 

Cranheeby Plains, p. o., Carroll oo., Virg.: 192 m. 
W. S. W. Richmond. 

Cbanbkret Prairie, p. o., Mercer CO., Ohio; 89 m. 
"W. N. Vt. Culumbus. 

Crane Creek, p. o., Barry co., Mo: on a or. eo called, 
189 m. 8. W. Jefferson City. 

Crane's Forge, p. o., Aasumption par., La. : 47 m. 8. 
Baton Rouge. 

CRANraviLLE. p. v., Montgomery co., iV". Y.: on the N. 
aide of tlie Mohawk r. and on the line of the Utlca and 
Bcbenectady R. K., 33 ra. H. W. Albany. 
158 



Cra>-estillb, p. v., Preston co., Virg. : 183 m. N. W. 
Richmond. 

Ceavkn county, A^ Oar. Situate 3. E., and contalm 
990 sq. m. Drained by tributaries of Nense r., which passes 
through the co., and enters a wide estuary which connects 
it with Pamlico Bound. Surface generally level — in some 
parta marshy, t-oils fertile. Indian corn, potatoes, rlco, 
and collon arc produced, and an immense amount of tar, 
pitch, and turpentine manufactured. Farms 88S ; manut 
67 ; dwoU. 1,842, and pop.— wh. 7,223, fr. col. 1,586, b1. 5,951 
—total 14,709. Capital : Newbem (New Berne). 

Ceaby's Mills, p. o., SL Lawrence eo.. A' >' 

Ceavensvillb, p. v., Daviess co.. Mo. : on the N. E. aid© 
of Grand r., 186 m. N. W. Jefferson City. 

Crawford county, Perm. Situate in N.W., and contain* 
1,016 sq. m. Drained by French cr. and its branches, and 
by Shenango cr. Oil or., a tributary of the Alleghany r., 
affords bituminous oil, which is valuable in pharmacy. Sun 
face moderately undulating and well w<x)ded. Soils of 
average fertility. Iron ore la largely distributed throughout 
the CO. The staple products aie wheat, Indian com, oate, 
and potatoes. There are several potteries in operation. 
Farms 4,070 ; manuf. 243 ; dwell. 6,592, and pop.— wh. 
87,750, fr. col. 99— toUl 37,849. Capital: Meadville. Pub- 
lic Work^: Beaver and Erie Canal, etc. 

Crawford county, Ark. Situate N. W., and contains 
960 sq. m. Drained by Lee's cr.. Frog Bayou, and oUier 
tributaries of the Arkansas r., which forma its S. border. 
Surface diversified by bills, rolling prairies, and alluvial 
bottoms, the latter well wooded and fertile. Indian com is 
the chief product. Farms 499 ; manuf. 10 ; dwell. 1,247, and 
pop.— wh. 6,985, fr. col. 92, si. 933— t/->tal 7,900. Capital : 
Van Buren. Public Works : A railroad contemplated from 
the Mississippi r. to this point. 

Crawford county, Oa. Situate W. centrally, and eoi>. 
tains SS2 sq. m. Drained chiefiy by tributaries of Flint r., 
which forms its 8. W. border ; the Echeconno, a tributary 
of Ocraulgee r., nms on Its E. border. Surface generally 
level. Soils sandy, and not of average fertility. The chief 
products are cotton and Indian com. Farms 445 ; manut 
5.; dweU, 754, and pop.— wh. 4,842, fr. col. 13, si. 4,629— 
total 8,984. Capiixil: Knoxville. Public Worka: Muscv 
gee R. R. 

Crawford county, lU. Situate S. E., on the "W. side 
of Wabash r., and contains 468 sq. m. Drained by Embar- 
ras r., and tributaries of the Wabash. Surface varied — 
chiefly rich rolling prairie, producing largely, and feeding 
large amounts of live-stock. Farms 542; manuf. 0; dwelL 
1,192, and pop.— wh. T,11S, fr. col. 17— total 7,185. Capital: 
Robinson. 

C'l'AWFORD county, Ind. Situate S., and contains 820 eq. 
m. Surface uneven and broken, and the soil, except near 
the river?, indifferent. Oaks and poplars are tlie prevailing 
timbers. Coal and iron abound in the W. districts. The 
Great Blue r. washes the E. borders, and Oil cr. drains the 
interior. Farms 540; manuf. S3; dwell. 1,027, aud pop. — 
wh. 6,523, fr. col. 1— total <J,524. Capital: Levenworth. 

Crawford county, la. Situate W., and contains 578 
sq. m. Taken from Pottowattomee in 1851. 

Crawford county, MicK Situate N. centrally of Lower 
Peninsula, and contains 576 sq. m. Erected sinc^ 1S60. 

Crawford county, Mo. Situate centrally, and contains 
l.OOS sq. m. Drained chiefiy by Marameo r. and its num^ 
rous branches. Surface uneven and broken, with exlenslTO 
Ijottoms. Soil of every description, ftrom the most sterile 
to the most fertile. Iron is very abundant, and is extensively 
■wroughu Farms 715; manuf. 9; dwell. 994, and pop.— 
wh. 6,112, fr. col. 0, si. 285— total 6,897. Capital ; Sttvil*- 
ville. 

Crawford county, Ohio. Situate toward the N. centrally, 
and contains 590 sq. ra. Drained by tributaries of Sandusky 
r., which also flows through it, and by the W. branch of 
"Whetetone r. Surface elevated, and Bomewhat unevett— 



CRA 



CRI 



■well wooded. Soils fertile, and yield large grain-crops. 
Fanns],210; mannf. S; dwell. 3,070, and pop.— wh. 1S.167, 
fr.col.lO— totall8,lTT. Capit<il: Bucjriis. FuUicWorkJi: 
Cleveland, Cincinnati, and Columbus V*. R. ; Ohio and In- 
diana E. K., elc. 

Ceawfocp county, Wixe. Situate S. W., and contains 
520 3q. m. Drained by Kickapoo r. and Ita branches; the 
Missi&sippi r. wa-ahes its "VV., and the Wisconsin r. its S. 
borders, both of which receiTe several creeks. Burface 
chiefly undulating prairie. Soils rich and fertile. Timber 
ifl abundant. Farms SO; nianuf. 11 (chiefly saw mills); 
dwell. 5T1, and pop.— wh. 2,4S1, fr. col. 17— total 2,493. 
Capital : Prairie du Chien. 

Ceawfobd. t. and p. o., Orange co., N^. Y. .* on the S. E. 
side of Shawangunk r., IS m. "W. Newburgh, and 77 m. 
S. by W. Albany. Surface hilly. The t. is a email agri- 
cultural settlement Pop. 1,912. 

Cbawtoup, t and p. o., "Wynndott co., Ohio: to the W. 
of Sandusky r., a branch of which passes through ita 9. E. 
part. G7 ra. N. by "W. C^'Jlumbia. It is traversed N. and S. 
by the Mad Kiver and Lake Erie E. E., and the FindJny 
Branch diverges at the v. of Carey. Pop. 1,801. 

CRAwroEP'a Cove, p. o., St. Clair eo.. Ala.: S3 m. 
N. by E. Montgomery. 

Crawfobd Semisaet, p. o., Qaapaw Nation, Ind, Ter. : 
130 ra. S. W. Jefferson City. 

Ceawti^kd's Mills, p. o., Westmoreland co., Perm. : 144 
m. W. Harrisburg. 

CEAWFORDs^aLLE, p. V.. flud Cap. TaUaferTO co., Go. : be- 
tween Ogeecliee r. and Little r., the latter a tributary of the 
Savannah r.,37ni. N. by E. MUledgeville. The Georgia 
R. R. passes through the place, 65 m. from Augusta and 
106 m. from Atlanta. It contains the county offices, an 
academy, and about 200 inhabitants. 

CBAWFonnsviLLE. p. v., and cap. Montgomery co., htd.: 
on the S. side of Sugar cr., a tributan- of "Wabash r, 46 m. 
W. X. W. Indianapolis. The line of llw* New Albany and 
Salem R. K. passes through the v. N. and S., and thus con- 
nects it Willi the Ohio r. and with Lake Michigan, f.<Q. It 
is important for ita trade and commerce, and is the Sfeat of 
Wabash Ci-Uege. Two nowsjiapers, the "Montgomery 
Journal'' (whig>, and the " Montgomery Review" (dem.), 
are issued weotly. Pop. 2,400. 

Cbawfoepsvillk, p. v., Waahington co., la. : 2S m. 
9. S. W. Iowa City. 

Ceawtobdsville, p. v., Spartanbnrgh diat, S. Car. : 103 
m. N. W. Columbia, 

Cratton-ville, p. v., Anderson dist., S. Car.: 118 m. 
W. by N. Columbia. 

Cbeacdtille, p. 0., Johnson co., N. C<ir.: 81 m. 9. E. 
Raleigh. 

Cebageestows, p. v., Frederick co., Md. : on N. side of 
Hunling cr., near its junction with the Monocacy r., 12 m. 
N. of Frederick City, and 63 m. N. W. AnnapolLg. 

Ceeagh's Mills, p. o., Wilcox co., Alu. : 69 m. W. S. W. 
Montgomery. 

Creek Aoenct, p. o., Creek Nation, Tnd. Ter. : at the 
(?ocfluence of Verdegris r. with the Arkansas r., 3 or 4 m. 
W. of Fort Gibson on the Neosho r.. 193 m. W. N. W. 
Little Rock. 

Creek Natioit, Ind. Ter. The Creeks occupy a large 
territory between that of the Cherokees, to the N. and E., 
and that of the Choctaws, on the S., extending W. to the 
100th meridian. The Canadian r. separates the Creeks 
from the Choctaws, and the surface is chiefly drained by ita 
N. fork, and by the Red or Pawnee fork of the Arkansas r. 
The soils are fertile, and large crops of the agricultural sta- 
ples usual to the latitude are annually raised. Fort Gibson 
Is supplied with provisions by the industry of this nation. 
They have large stocks of cattle and bogs, and are other- 
wific well provided. Their government is based on a written 
constitution ; they select their own chief and representatives, 
tlK latter acting as the grand council of the nation. They 



have also a Judiclarj*, observing all the legal forms of civ* 
ilized nations, and in their schools and churches are not 
surpassed by the neighboring Stale of Arkansas. The 
missionaries have effected such Improvements in their con- 
dition, indeed, that the civilization of the descendants of the 
present generation is secured, and by the aid of the mechan- 
ica and farmers, supplied to them by the General Govern- 
ment, thoy are taught the substantial industries needed in 
the Stale. On the whole, however, this nation is not so far 
advanced as either the Cherokees or Choctaws — a fact 
which may be attributed to physical disabilities rather than 
to an inferior moral influence on the part of those charged 
with their welfare. Their country is not so well watered as 
that of either of the nations mentioned; nor are the incent- 
ives to industry, from their remote position from navii,'able 
channels, so great. The droughts of summer, and the 
piercing cold of the winter, are also drawbacks by which 
their interests suffer. The Beminoles are considered as a 
constituent part of the Creek Nation, and as such, inhabit 
the country between the forks of the Canadian r. The 
Seminoles are more averse to labor than any other of the 
immigrant tribes, and hold slavea which they brought with 
them from Florida. So satisfied, however, are they with 
the country allotted them, that they are making strenuous 
endeavors to persuade the remnant of their tribe still in 
Florida to settle amoug them ; and their endeavors have 
not l>een In vain, as, by a recent agreement with the chiefe 
who lately visited the seat of government h:> pay their re- 
spects to the President, they will remove forthwith. It ia 
supposed that 300 of the nation still reside In the fastnesses 
of the Florida peninsula. The number in the west of the 
Mississippi is estimated at 24,000. 

Creeiaruegh, p. v., Russell co., Ki/. : 93 m. 8. by W. 
Frankfort. 

CBE8CENT, P.O., Lycomiug CO., Penn.: S3 m. N. by W. 
Harrisburg. 

Crescent City, p. v., Tuolumne co., Call/. : on the 9. side 
ofTuolumnor., 10 m. from ita entrance into the San Joaquin 
r, and SI m. 9. E. Vallejo. 

Crete, p. o.. WiU co., III. : 139 m. N. E. Springfleld. 

Cbeve C(Eub. p. o., St. Louis co.. Mo.: on Creve Cceur 
Lake, 92 m. E. by N. Jefferson City. The lake communi- 
cates with Missouri r. through a short, narrow passage. 

Ceichton's Store, p. o., Brunswick co., Virg. : 62 m. 
S. by W. Richmond. 

CiUGLERavnLLE, p. V., Madlson co., Virg. : 76 m. N. N.W. 
Richmond. 

CRirrLE Ceeek, p. o., Greenville dist., S. Car. : on a 
cr. of Reedy r., a tributary of the Saluda r. so called, 92 m- 
N.W. Columbia. 

Ceipplk Dekb, p. o., Tishemingo co., Miss. : 213 m. N. E. 
Jackson. 

Cetsp Peaieie, p. o., Dade co., Mo. : lOG m. S.W. Jeffer- 
son City. It ia located on a line elevated prairie E. of Sac 
r., and drained by its branches. 

CniTTENDEN couuty. Ark. Situate between the Mississippi 
and St. Francois rivers, and contains 1,950 sq. m. Drained 
by numerous creeks, sluices, and bayoiix falling into the bor- 
der rivers. Surface level, and subject to partial inundations. 
Soil, when sufUciontly elevated for culture, highly fertile 
Farms 192; mannf. 0; dwell. 860. and pop.— wh. 1,842, fr. 
col. 5, si. SOI— total 2,643. Capital : Marion. 

CRnTENi>ES county, Ky. Situate N. W., and contains 
460 sq. m. Drained by several streams, tributaries of the 
Ohio and the Cumberiand, the former of which washes 
its N. border, and the latter its S. W. border. The surface 
is generally level or undulating, and the soils of an average 
productiveness. Indian com, wheat, and oats are largely 
grown, and tobacco forms one of its great staples. Farms 
662; manuf. 13; dwell. 073, and pop.— wh. 5,474, fr. coL 
29, si. S43— lotjil 6,351. Chpilal: Marion. 

Crutespen, p. v., Erie co., K Y. : 266 m. W. AV 
bany. 

159 



CRT 



CRO 



Crittenden, p. v., Grant co., Ky. : 43 m. N. by E. 
Frankfurt. 

Crittkndbn, p. v., noward co., Iiul. : 49 m. N. ladian- 
xpolls. 

Ceittenden, p. v., DaTiees •o., Mo. : 136 m. N. 'W. 
Jefferson City. 

Crockbrstillh, p. c, Genesee co., Mich.: 49 m. N. E. 
Lansing. 

Cbockbrt Cbbek, t, and p. o., Ottawa co., Mir7i. : on the 
N. side of Grand r., 8 ni. from its entrance into Lake 
Michigan. The p. o. is on Crockery cr., which drains the 
E. half of the t. and aETorda water-power. Pop. 247. 

CaocKETT, p. v., and cap. liouston co., lex.: on the oUl 
military road between Bastrop and Nacogdoches, 163 m. 
E. N. E. Austin City. The v. is beautifully situate on an 
elevated prairie, gradually declining to Trinity r. on the 
W.. and Neches r. on the E., both of which receive tho 
drainage of the country. 

Caociitrrr'a Blukf, p. c, Arkansas co., Ark. : 94 ra. S. E. 
Little liock. 

Crockettsvili-e, p. v., Breatliitt co., Kij. : 102 m. E. S. E. 
Frankfort. 

CcoGHAN, t. and p. o., Lewis co., X. Y. : on the E. side 
of Black r. and N. of Beaver cr., 112 m. N. W. Albany. 
Surface hilly, and drained by tributaries of the Black river. 

Croguan, p. v., Putnam co., Ohio: 9T m. N. "W. Co- 
lumbus. 

Crooked CRrRK, p. o., Carroll co., Ark.: on Crooked 
cr., a tributary of Wliile r., 122 ra. N. N. W. Little Rock. 

Crooked Ckfek, p. o., Steuben co., ImJ. : on a branch 
of Fawn r. so called, 149 m. N. E. by N. Indianapolis. 

Crooked Cf.eek, p. o., Monroe co., Mo. : on a cr. of Salt 
r. so called, G5 m. N. by E. Jefferson City. 

Cbookbd Crrek, p. o., Clinton co.. III. : on Crooked 
cr. of Kaskaskia r., SS m. S. by E. Springfield. 

Crooked Cricek, p. o., Henry co., la.: on the cr. so 
called, 3S m. S. Iowa City. 

Crocked Cp-ef-k, p. o., Stokes co., K Car. : lOS m. 
■W. N. W. liakigb. 

Crooked Creek, p. o., Tioga co., Penn. : 114 m. N. N. E, 
Uarrisburg. 

Ckooked Creek Furnace, p. c, Bullitt co., Ki/.: 54 m. 
W. by S. Frankfort. 

Crooked Foi:k, p. o., Morgan co., Tenri. : on a fork of 
Emery's r., a branch of Tennessee r. so called, 127 m. E. 
Nashville. 

Crocked Hill, p. c, Montgomery cc, Penn. : 83 m. E. 
Harrisburg. 

Ci:coKED lake. N". V. : lies partly in Steuben and partly in 
Yates counties. It is 22 in. long, N. and S., and from 1 to 
2 ra. wide — its surface 270 feel above Seneca Lake, with 
which it is connected by an outlet and canal. The waters 
are cold and transparent, and from 300 to 500 feet deep, 
abounding in salmon-trout, wbito-fish, pickL-rel, pero4i, sun- 
fieh, b.is5, and cat-fi*>h. At BlulT Point. 9 m. N. ofthe head 
of the lake, it is divided by a high promontory, into two 
arms — one extending to Penn- Van, 13 m., and the other to 
Branchport, 9 m. A steamboat plies from Hammonds- 
port, at the head of the lake, to Penn-Yan. and affords the 
passenger a fine view of tlic delightful scenery of the shores 
and neighborhood. 

Cropwell, p. v., St Clair co., Ala.: 100 m. N. Mont- 
gomery. 

CaosoYviLi.E, p. v., Chester dist, S. Car. : on the S. side 
of Sandy r., ." m. from its confluence with Broad r., and 44 
rn. N. N.'W. Columbia. 

Ckoss AxriioR. p. o.,Spartanburgh dist, ^.T/fr. ; between 
Tyger and Ennoree rivers, in the S. E. comer ofthe co., 72 
m. N. "W. Columbia. 

Crossanville, p. o., Perry co., Ohio: 47 m. S. E. Co- 
lumbus. 

Crors CitEKK Vii.tAGE, p. V., ■Washington co., Peiiii.: on 
a cr. BO called, 203 m. W. Uarrisburg. 
160 



Cross Cut, p. o., Lawrence co., Penn. : 192 m. W. by N. 
Uarrisburg. 

Crobb Hill, p. o., Laurens dist, S. Car. : 63 m. "W. N. AT. 
Columbia. 

Ceossingville, p. T., Crawford «o., Penn. : 204 m. 
N. "W'. by W. Uarrisburg. 

Cro»s Keys, p. o., Macon eo., Ala. : 155 ra. N. W. 
Montgomery. 

CEO.SS Keys, p. o., De Kalb eo,, Ga. : 96 m. N. VT. 
Milled geville. 

Cross Keys, p. o., Camden eo., M. Jer. : 37 m. i. by "W. 
Trenton. 

Cross Keys, p. o., Union dist, S. Car. : between Ennoree 
r. and Tyger r., in the S. W. comer ofthe co., 59 m. N. W. 
Columbia. 

Cross Keys, p. o., Eoane co., Tenn.: 133 m. E. by S. 
Nashville. 

Crors Keys, p. o., liocklngham eo., Yirg. : 93 m. N. W. 
Eichmond. 

Crops Kill Mills, p. o., Berks co., Penn. : 57 m. E. N. E. 
Ilarrisbnrg. 

Cross Plaisb, p.v., Bipley co., Ind. : on theVevay State 
road, 10 m. S. Versailles, and 73 m. S. E. Indianapolis. 

Cross Plains, p. o., Kolxrtson co., T^ui. : on the N. side 
of Sulphur Fork of Red r., a branch ofthe Cumberland, 20 
m. N. Nashville. 

Cross Plains, t and p. v., Dane co., Wirc: 12 m. W. 
Madison, and watered by Black Earth r. and Sugar r., on 
the former of which the v. is locatod. Pop. 333. 

Cross Eidge, p. o., Tishomingo co., 3Iisa. : 207 m. N. E. 
Jackson. 

Cross River, p. o., "Westchester co., K. Y. : on Cross r. or 
cr., a tributary of Croton r., 93 m. S. by E. Albany. 

Cross Koads, p. o., Jackson co., Miss. : 147 m. S. E. 
Jackson. 

Cross Roads, p. c, Jeflerson co., Ky. : 43 m. W. 
Frankfort 

Cross Roads, p. o., Madison co., Ohio : 98 m. S. E. 
Columbus. 

Cross Roads, p. o., Johnson co., III.: 173 m. S. by E. 
Springfield. 

Cross Roads, p. o., Vanderburgh co., Ind. : 18C m. S. W. 
Indianapolis. 

Cross Roads, p. o., York co., Penn. : 87 ra. S. by E. 
Uarrisburg. 

Cross Uoads, p. o., Bedford co., Virg. : I OS m. "W. by S. 
Richmond. 

Cross Roads, p. o., Franklin co., Arl: : 108 m. W. N. W. 
Little Rock. 

Cross Timbers, p. o.. Hickory co., M<>. : on Stark's cr. 
of Litde Niangua r., a branch of Osage r.. f)G m. S. W. 
Jefferson City. 

Crossville, p. v., Lumpkin co., Ga. : 112 m. N. N. W. 
Milledgfville. 

Crossville, p. v., Bledsoe co., Tenn. : 94 m. E. by S. 
Nashville. 

Crosswtck'6, p. v., Burlington co., JV^ .ler. : on the high 
S. bank of Crosswtck's cr., S m. 5. 9. E. Trenton. It is 
chiefly a Quaker Tillage, and contains about 300 inhab- 
i tints. 

Crotcn, p. v., Hunterdon co., K Jer. : 31 m. N. by W. 
Trenton. 

Croton, p. v,, Licking co., 0?iio. 

Croton, p. t., Newngo co.. Mich. : 87 m. N.W. Lansing. 

Ckoton, p. v., Delaware co., X. Y. : 72 m. S.W. Allfany. 

Crotox Falls, p. v., Westchester co., ]f. }'. ; on Croton 
r., and on the line of the Harlem R. R., 51 m. ft-om N«w 
York, and 104 from .\lbnny. 

Croton Landing, p. v., Westchester co., A^ Y.: on the 
N. side of Croton r., nt-nr its entranco into Tappan Bay. 
The Hudson River R. R. passes the v.SC, m. from New 
York, and 114 from .\lbany; and steamboats make regular 
stoppings here. It is a small but pleasant village. 



CRO 



CUM 



CroToN river, X. Y. : a fine stream, rishifj in Duchess 
and Putnam counties, flowing in a S. and !5. AV. dircrlion 
through a part of Westchester co., and emptyinp into the 
Hudson r.. about 2 m. above the v.of fein£;Sincr. Itslenf:lh 
is about 45 m. It takes its rise in several smali lakes ; its 
waters are very pure, and have for several yeiirs been 
• directed through an aqueduct to New York, supplyint? that 
city with an abundance of water. The works built for the 
purpose of conducting tho water, are among the most 
extensive in the world. 

Cnow Creek, p. o., Franklin co., Tenn. : on a cr. so 
called, 09 m. S. E. Nashville. 

Chowder's Cheek, p. o., Gaston co.. 2^. Car. : on a cr. 
of Catawba r. so called, 142 m. W. 8. W. Kaleigh. 

Crow Meadows, p. c, Marshall co., Iiid.. : 108 m. N. 
by W. Indianapolis. 

Crown Point, p. v., and eap. Lake co., In<^. : in tho cen- 
tre of Pobin*«nn'3 Prairie. 14 m. S. of Lake Michigan, and 
189 ni. N. W. Indianapolis. The v. contains about 60 
dwellings and 250 inhabitants. 

Crown PotST, t. and p. v., Essex co., K Y. : on the "W. 
side of Lake Champlain, SS m. N. Albany. The W. part 
of tho t. is mountain — in tho E. and along the lake level, 
drained by Putnam*s and some other streams. The v. on 
Putn.im's cr. is only a small settlement. Crown Point was 
the sile of important military operations during the old 
French and the Pevolutionarj- wars. The ruins of ihe old 
fort of Crown Point are situate on a neck of land running 
into tho lake in the N. E. part of the town, and are IVe- 
quently visited by tourists as interesting objects connected 
with the national history. Pop. '2,3T9. 

Crownstille, p. v., Anne Arundel co., Mfl. 

Crow's Poxd, p. o., Daviess co., Ky. : 182 m. W. by S. 
Frankfort. 

Crowsville, p. v., Spartanburg dist, S. Car.: on the 
N. side of Ennoree r., 3 m. distant, and 82 m. N. W. 
Columbia. 

CaoxTON, p. v., Jefferson co., Ohio. : 118 m. E. by N. 
Columbus, 

Croydox t. and p. o., Sullivan co., jV! /Tamp.: SS m. 
N. N. W. Concord. 

Cp.oypon Flat, p. o., Sullivan co.. A", /lump. : 30 ni. 
W. N. ^V. Concord. 

Cri'm Elbow, p. o., Duchess co.. 2i^. Y. : is a point 4 m. 
N. of Poughkecpsie, and GO m. S. Albany. Cruni Elbow 
cr. is a tributary of the Hudson, which it reache.^ in the t. 
of Hyde Park ; it is a good mill stream, on which r.re seve- 
ral mills and factories. 

Crviro, p. 0., Seneca co., K Y. : 149 ni. V,'. Albany. 

Crystal Lake, p. o., M'llenry co., 7/7. ; on the lake so 
called, 1S3 m. N. N. E. PpringfieM. 

Cuba. p. v., Fulton co.. J7L : 56 m. N. W. .Springfield. 

CrnA, p. v., Kutherford co., ^T. Car.; ISC ni. "VV. S. W. 
Tlaleigh. 

CuitA, p. v., Kent co., 3/tc7i. : 4? m. "W. N. W. Lansing. 

CrnA, t. and p. v.. Alleghany co., K. Y. : 22(5 m. W. by S. 
Albiiny. The land is elevated, and divides the soureeH of 
the Alleghany and Genesee rivers. In tlie N. there is a 
small lake, and near the W. border is situate the Cil spring 
Keservation. The v. is situate on the line of the Genesee 
Valley Canal and the New York and Erie P. II. It is a 
flourishing place, with 1,000 inhabitants. Poi>. 2.143. 

CrnA, p. v., Clinton co., OJiio : 53 m. S. E. Columbus. 

Cub CaKEK, p. o., Charlotte co., Virg. : on a or. of lloan- 
oke r. so called, $4 m. S. "W. Kichmond. 

CuifEUATCMEE, p. V., Macon CO., Ala.: on Cupiahalcheo 
cr., 23 m. E. by S. Montgomen-. 

Cri! lIiLL, p. o., Baltimore co., 3/d.: 9 m. from Balti- 
more. 

CroKOOViLT.F., p. v., Louisa co., Virg.: 48 m. N. "W. 
Eichmond. 

CrPDEBACKTiLLE, p. 0., Orange co., A' Y. : 92 m. S. B. W. 
Albany. 

11 



Ci'DDVurxK, p. v.. YuUahushii eo., .)//s.s.: 118 m. X. by E. 
Jackson. 

CuKRo, p. v., and cap. De Witt eo., T<j\: on Iho K. Itauk 
of the Guadaloupe r.. 69 m. &. by E. Anslin City. 

CuLcuoTE, p. o., Polk CO., Ten II. : 142 m. S. E. Nashville 

CuLLQDEN, p. v., Mouroe CO., Gci. : 5G m. W. S. W 
Milledgeville. 

CuLLOMA, p. v., and cap. EI Dorado co., Ca/i/. ; nii the S 
side of the S. fork of the American r., 100 in. E. N. E, 
Yallejo. 

Culpepper county, Virg. Situate N. E., and contains 
672 sq. m. Drained by Thornton r. and its branches, and 
Mountain cr., tributaries of Kappahannock r., which washes 
it.s N. E. border. Eapid Anna r. bounds it on the S. side. 
Surface pleasantly diversified. Soils of average fertility 
producing grain and tobacco. Farms 504; manuf. 53; 
dwell. 1,0.%4, and pop.— wh. 5,111, fr. col. 4S8, ^l G.GS-S— 
total 12,282. Capital: Culpepper C. II. (Fairfax). Pufjlit 
WorA-« : Orange and Alexandria K. It. 

CiTLi'EPPEB c. n. (or Fairfax), p. v., and cap. Culpepper 
CO., Virg.: Culpepper C. H. is the name of the P. <>.— Fair- 
fax the name of the village. It contains tho usual co. build- 
ings, several stores and mechanics* sln.ps. and has about 
3(tO inhabitants. It is situate 10 m. N. of the Eap]iahannock 
r., and about 70 m. N. N. W. Richmond. 

Cui.vEit CuEEK, p. o.. Delaware co., Ohio. 

CuMDERLANi> counlv, ///. Siluato S. E. centrally, and 
contains 324 sq. m. DraineJ by Embarras r. ami its tribu- 
taries. Surface prairie, and verj- fertile. Farms 326 ; 
manuf. 0; dwell. 134, and pop. — wh. 3,720, fr. c(^. — total 
3,720. Capital : Greenup. Pnhlic lVor/:s : Torre Hauto 
and Alton li. K.; and the National Koad. 

Cumberland county, A>. Situate S. on the Tennessee 
State line, and contains 3S0 sq. m. Drained by creeks of 
Cumberland r., whieii flows through it from N. E. to S. "W. 
Surface uneven and rugged. Soils moderately fi-rtile. pro- 
<luciug wheat, Indi.an com. oats, and tobacco larg<4y, and 
some cotton. Farms 6o7; manuf. 11 : dweH. 942, and pop. 
— wh. 5.477, fr. col. 43, si. l,4S.i — total 7,0tiD, Capital : 
Burkesville. 

C'UMBEKLAND couuty, A'l Jer. Situate 8., and contains 
524 sq. m. Drained by Stow and Cohansey creeks, and 
Maurice and Tuckahoe rivers. Delaware Bay lies on its 
S. S. W. biirder, and for a mile or two back the country 
consists of a salt marsh. Surface level. Soil liglit, but of an 
average fi-rlility. It contains iron ore and beds of marl 
Glass and crockery are largely manufactured, and then? 
ai'e several extensive grist and saw mills. Farms 884 
m,anuf.l90; dwell. 3,281, and pop.— wh. 16,170, fr. col. 1,0]9> 
g].0— total 17,1 S9. Capit-al: Bridgeton. 

Cumberland county, ]\\ Car. Situate centrally, and con- 
tains l.lSO sq. m. Drained by tributaries of Cnpe Fear r., 
which passes through it in a general direction from N. to 
8., aflTording it a navigable channel to the sea. Surface 
undulating, with extensive valleys. Soils of average pro- 
(lueljveness; Indian com ami cotton are its staphs, and it 
has numerous cotton and other manufactures. Farms 9.'J0 ; , 
manuf. 105; dwell. 2,531, and pop.— wli. 12,447, fr. eol. 946, 
si. 7,217— total 20,6ln. Capital : Fayelteville. 

Cumberland county, /v»». Situate S. middle, and con- 
tains 544 sq. m. Drained by Conedngwinet er. and Yellow 
Breeches r., tributaries of Susquehanna r. The surface is 
moderately uneven, sometimes hilly, and the soils have an 
excellent fertility. Iron ore, clays, etc.. abundant. The 
chief products are wheat, Indian com, and oats, and there 
is much flour produced. Farms 1,842 ; manuf. 2.'^8 ; dwell. 
6.021, and pop.— wh. 33.370. fr. cnl. 957— total 34,327. Cap- 
ital : Carlisle. Pi'hlie Works : Cumberland Valley P. P., etc. 

Ci'MBERj-AND countv, Virg. Situate S. E. ccnlrMlly. and 
contains 820 sq. m. Drained chiefly by Willis r. of Jmues 
r., which Iwunds its N. side, and creeks of AjipouMiilox r, 
■which runs on its S. E. border. Surface mnderal< ly billy. 
Soils of average fertility, producing the grains and largo 

161 



CUM 



CUR 



N. ban. of .he Potonjac r at .be -u^ °f ^^ -, ^46 
S- ^xl ■ \:i-otr<:;^- tr.^>n. rk.o„ or A>U..baoy 

"~H^HSi.tebr 

Tngs, workshops, e.c., «"'>-"f J '* Three newspapers 
also, several handsoine '''"'"f f ■''^^^,,;^,t." "whigX the 

=:rr;hJsrirrrh:;^o:t;;'u;.per 

rntum The coal of .his region Is semi-l. .tummou , of ex- 

::Ser<,«ai,.,, a„d ---■j°;-7.htr : :i.rha: 

variety of °*er purpose to - f\he ^^^,,,, ^ 

Ue.1 at Alexandnx The 1-"-'^^ ^^^ 50,259 tons; 

only lG,nOO tons ; in 1346, 18,-3a.J tons , m . . 

„, too 71 fii|<t tons ; and in lao", as >iuo^ u 

1&4S, 66,289 tons .in 1849, Tl.D.raujns.-' .c.js^'ilons 

" "' rrrJ « -". v "ic ~. - 
=-==-=-:-— ==^« 

working capital or about »5,000,000. _ ^^^^ 

pr::ri;L:a=ri^---— • 

^-— «rr:rtrrrihe.ationa, 
Krrr^^-^--»---ic^r;on 

r„«»FRiiSB t. and p. c, Cumberland co.. Me . u 
Cdmbeblasb, '• ' ^ la. The position gives it 

Casco Bay, 44 m. S. 8. W. August K.,,„ebec and Port- 
great commercial advantages. The l^eimcDec 
Ld 11. E. passes through the B- P-^ o^' e^; ^^^ [J,;., 
Portland and 50 from August It 1'=^^°™ " 

-;; '^ ™^"^^^ 'Vr —fyZ i»^; b" <ra.o fork 
CnMBERLASD, p. V., (.TUeriisi. J w., rnlnmbus. 

CuMBEBLiSD, p. o., farundy CO., i ,,„,h.,iiie 
Caney fork of Cumberland r., 19 m. B. E. t^ash^ .lie 

r.. « m. W. by S. Itichmond. It cont^ms about 130 in- 
habitants. V r ■ on the W. side of Lake 

cr;r,r.h:^.fof"ho:^;p— .--It .form- 

1G2 



B. 8. W. Augusta (,^„ber- 

CCMBEELiOT) FOKD, p. O., KnoX CO., J^J 

land r., 128 m. 8. E. Frankfort^ 

CCMBEBLAKT. GaP, P- O-, I^»« »" -^''- ' '" 

corner of eo., ^^^'J^;"^ ?:^l,e eo., 7^. 7. : on .be 
C™beela>d Hill, p. v., ii .^ pr<„„,e„ce. 

CuMBEELiSD lEOS WoEKS, p. V j;, Dover and 

the 8 W. side of Cumberland r., 10 m. t. ». «" •J 
M m. W. N. W. Nashville. 

"'•^■';f\th wat" st^o^^O tic be brought down 
sons of high wa«T c^i'" u-nfth boats 

the river 400 miles to theOh.o; ^nd fo "^a'f .^ K ^_^^^^^ 

may navigate it at all «'="»™'- J^^'^^f ^^e mouth of the 
are probably 1,200 feet above "'« '"^^ "^ *J ^,„ ,^, obio, 
river; it is .he second nver m .ze .hat f^'^ 7^^^^.„;_ 
being inferior ^'^ '"'"'l ^^"","^7, deep and narrow. 
„hich lies on 1.. »-";'„\« p,:, Bedford eo., Pe,.n. : 
.^'^rE^^;?, Mounain and "wiU-s Mountain, 103 m. 
'^ T W. uTr-^burg Drained by EvUfs cr., which runs 

"'^t"tv.,HamlltoncoO^.:^n^eli,.^ 
r:fMm''c';!al";;UlinssoveralflouringandgristmlUe 

side of and 6 m. from Chattahoochee r., 94 m. N. W. 
^^:S^...E,p.v.,Itawambaco.,.r..:2nm.K.E. 

.Jackson. „, . m m s. S. W. 

CtTMMisGToN, p. v., Macoupm CO., lU.. 33 m. »• 

Springfield. Hampsbireco., J/«».- on 

CUMMUN-GTON, t. """^ ?' "v^f ^^ V Bostou. Surface 

stone abound It 1 as ^•'J"" ,„j ,.a,er-po«er. 

nre cotton an.l wool. The r. anor is " j^„^,. 

CMMINOTOS WEST Vl...OB,P ., ^^"P'^;^ ^. f,rk 

.ro::i:n.^:ar?^-Urador.,45n>.E.8.E. 

Austin City. y rra,.. .. 62 m. 

CiTNNisOHAM-s Stoee, p. o., Pemn co., A. La,.. 

N. N. W. Kaleigh. . .„ .^^ 

CramviLLE, p. v., Buckingham CO., r.rg.. 62 m. w 

Kichmond. .^ j^j m. S. E. 

CoKETOs's Bridge, p. o., Henry co., J^i^- 

Montgomery. ,. „ /t,,.. .. 69 m. 

CuEETON's Stoee, p. o., Lancaster dist., i,. tai.. 

U. N. E. Columbia. . ST m N. by E. 

CmiA, p. v., Independence co., Ark.. 81 m. } 

LitUc Kock. 1-Qn, "W N W. 

CUKUUSVLLE, p. v., Clarion co., Term. ; 1 ,3 m. W. N. 

Harrishurg. j. Atlantic 

CniBiTUOK county, .W. Car. Miuaie i^. ,.^ „,,.,,. 

Ocean, and conUtins 5T6 sq. m. 1. ^'^J'^.^^XZ^l 

Bca-eoas. from the Virginia line .o Ocracokc Inle^ mcludmg 



CUR 



DAK 



Eoanoke Island. Currituck Inlet separates it into two parts, 
aod affords facilities for navigation. Surface flat, and in 
some instances swampy. Soils generally sandy. Farms 
601 ; manuf. 0; dwell. 925, and pop.— wti. 4,600, fr. col. 1S9, 
si. 2,447— total 7,236. CapiUtl: Curritnck C. H. 

CuEEiTucK, p. v., and cap. Currituck ec, iV! Car.: on 
the W. side of Currituck Sound. Pop. 68?. 

Cubrt'b Mills, p. o., W.ishington co,, Ga, 

Curry's Run, p. o., Harrison co., Ky.: 44 m. N. E. 
Frankfort. 

CrRTTSVTLLE, p. V., Berkshire co., Mass.: 126 m. W. 
Boston. It has several cotton mills, etc. 

CiiR-mNSViLLE, p. v., Clearfield co., Penn. : on the N. 
side of Anderson's cr.. near lis junction with the W. branch 
cf Susquehanna r., 102 m. N. W. by W. Harrisburg. 

CrsH, p. v., Clearfield co., renn.: 107 m. N. W. by AV". 
Harrisburg. 

CcsniNG, t and p. o., Lincoln co.. Me.: on the W. side 
of St. George's r, opposite the peninsular t. of St. George, 
3S m. S. E. Augusta. This t. was settled by Irish emigrants 
as early as 17S3, and here was the celebrated stone fort 
erected by Major Burton. It has some commerce, and is 
much engaged in the shore fisheries. Pop. 805. 

CrsniNGviLLE, p. v., Potter co., Penn. : 114 m. N. N. W. 
Harrisburg. 

CussAWAGo, t. and p. o., Crawford co., Penji. : 20S m. 
N. W. Harrisburg. 

CussETA, t. and p. v., Chambers co., Ala. : on the Mont- 
gomery and West Point R. R., 7S m. Oom Montgomery and 
10 from West Point. 

Custard's, p. o., Crawford co., Penn. 

CuTCHOQUE, p. v., Suffolk CO., JV. 1' ; on the line of the 
Long Island R. R., 86 m. from New York. 

Cutdbert, p. v., and cap. Randolph co., Ga. : on the line 
of the South Western R. R., 143 m. 8. W. Milledgeville. 

Cutler, t. and p. o., Washington co.. Me. : on the At- 
lantic Ocean, 132 m. E. Augu.sta. It contains Little 
Machias Bay and Little r., and is bounded W. by Machias 
Bay, and has a good harbor ; considerable commerce is car- 
ried on, and the shore fishery is successfully pursued. ^-20. 

Cut Off, p. o., Walton co., Ga. 

Cut Off, p. o.. Drew co., Ark. : 126 m. S. E. Little Rock. 

CuTTiNQsviLLE, p. V., Rutland co., Verm, : 63 m. S. by W. 
Montpelier. 

Cuyahoga county, Ohio. Situate N. E. on Lafco Erie, 
and contains 4S6 sq. m. Drained chiefly by Cuyahoga and 
Rocky rivers, which empty into the lake, and afford large 
water-power. Surface level, declining toward the N. Soils 
everywhere of the highest fertility, jiroducing the grains in 
abundance and grasses of the most nutritious quality. The 
climate is delightful. Farms 2,228; manuf. 162; dwell. 
8,2S9, and pop.— wh. 47,745, fr. col. S54~total 48,099. Cap- 
ital: Cleveland. Public Works: Cleveland, PainesviUe, 
and Ashtabula R. R. ; Cleveland and Pittsburg R. R. ; Cleve- 
land, Columbus, and Cincinnati R. R. ; Cleveland and San- 
dusky R. R., etc., and the Ohio Canal. 

Cuyahoga Falls, p. v.. Summit co., OJtio : on the Cuy- 
ahoga r., at the falls, 109 m. N. E. Columbus. The r. here 
has its greatest bend toward the S., and passes through a 
deep channel in the rocks, and by succeswivo leaps falls in a 
uhort distance 240 feet, creating a groat water-power. A 
considerable manufacturing village has here spnmg up, 
the destiny of which is as yet only foreshadowed. The 
Pennsylvania and Ohio Canal passes through the place, 
and the Akron Branch R. R., uniting with the Cleveland 
and Pittsburg R. R. at Hudson, connects it with those two 
important commercial centres. Pop. about 3.000. In the 
neighborhood bituminous coal is abundant, and is mined 
to a large extent. 

Cuyahoga river. Ohio : one of the most important rivers 
in nnrlhrrn Ohio. It rises in Geauga county, and runs 
soulhwiir.lly through Portage county, where it gradually 
curves and courses through Summit and Cuyahoga counties. 



in a direction N. N. W. to Lake Erie, into which it falls at 
Cleveland. It is more than GO miles long; it has numerous 
falls, and from its not being materially affected in its supply 
of water in t!ie dry season, is exceedingly well adapted 
for mill and factory purposes. Along its banks several 
flourishing manufacturing villages have already sprung up, 
and there is every prospect of its becoming the focus of an 
immense manufacturing interest. The village at the great 
falls is destined to be a second Patterson or Lowell. The 
Ohio Canal runs along the valley of this stream about 85 
miles to near Akron, and crosses it by an aqueduct at Boston, 
23 miles S. of Cleveland. The mouth of the river, which 
has been improved and extended by piers, forms the harbor 
of Cleveland. 

CuYLER. p. v., Cortland co., K. Y. : on the Tioughnioga 
r., 112 m. W. Albany. 

CuYLERSviLLE, p. V., LivingstOH CO., K. Y. : 19S m. W. 
Albany. 

Cyntuiana. p. v., Posey co., Ind. : on Big cr. of Wabash 
r., 137 m. S. W. Indianapolis. 

Cynthiana, p. v., and cap. Harrison co., Ky. : on the E. 
side of the S. fork of Lieking r., 39 m. E. N. E. Frankfort. 
It is a flourishing v., and has a weekly newspaper, the " C. 
News" (dem.) Pop. SOO. 

Cy.-^thiana, p. v., Pike co., Ohio: 62 m. S. by W. 
Columbus. Fop. 134. 

Cyn-thiana, p. v., Wapello co., la. : 66 m. S. W. Iowa City. 

Cypress, p. o.. Union co., Ky. : on Cypress cr., 173 m. 
W. by S. FrankforL 

Cypress, p. o., Scott co.. Mo. : in the swamp region in the 
S. E. part of the co., 4 m. W. of the Mississippi and 1S6 m. 
S. E. Jefferson City. 

Cypress Creek, p. c, Bladen co., 2\\ Car. : SS m. S. by E, 
Raleigh. 

Cypress Crossing, p. o., Newton co., Tkn. ; on Sabine r., 
252 m. E. Austin City. 

Cypress Grove, p. o., New Hanover co., K. Car. 
S. E. Raleigh. 

Cypress I^■N, p. o., Wayne co., Tenn.: 81 m. S. S. 
Nashville. 

Cyeuston, p. v., Lincoln co., Tenn.: 73 m. S. by E. 
Nashville. 



■ 97 



. W. 



D. 



Dacusville, p. v., Pickens diet., *S'. Car.: IIS m. W.N. W. 
Columbia. * 

Dade county, Flor. Situate S.,and contains about 3,84(1 
sq. m. The drainage is very imperfect, and, except along 
the shores, the whole is a swamp. The Pay-hai-o-kee, oi 
Everglades, is almost entirely within this county. Thesf 
consist of an extensive grass meadow, covered from one tc 
six feet deep with water, interspersed all over with islandf 
of rich land and cypress swamps. These islands were safe 
retreats for the Seminoles during the war. The swampa 
are the abodes of alligators, serpents, and vermin of all 
kinds. The only really valuable land lies on the coast, and 
numerous small islands and keys, with wliich it Is lined 
Farms C ; manuf. 2 ; dwell. 23, and pop.— wh. 147, IV. col. 1 
si. n— total 159. Capital: Miami. 

Dade county, Ga. Situate N. W.. and contains 240 sq 
m. Drained chiefly by Lookout cr. of the Tennessee r 
Surface mountainous, with fertile valleys. Crops various 
including Indian corn, wheat, cotton, tobacco, etc., but iioni 
in such prt.ponderating quantity as to mark it as a prineipa 
staple. Farms 235; manuf. 4; dwell. 421, and pop.— wh 
2,532. fr. col. 0, al. 1+S— total 2.680. CapiUtl: Trenton 
public WorA:^ : Chattanooga and Nashville R. R. 

Dade county, J/o. Situate S. W., and contains 504 sq 
m. Drained by Sac r. and its tributaries. Surface undu- 
lating. Soils fertile. Farms 567; manuf. 18; dwell. 659 

168 



DAD 



DAL 



and pop.— wh. 3,976, fr. col. 1, el. 2C9— total 4,^46. Capital : 
Greenfield. 

Dadf.ville, p. v., and o^ip. Tallapoosa co., Alu.: 45 m. 
N. E. Montgomery, on a hitfhhnd N. of Sandy or., a tribu- 
tary ofTallapoosa r., from which latter it is (h'stant E. about 
3 m. It contains the usual co. buildings, and about 130 
inhabit^inis. 

- Dadsville, p. v., Mari'^n co., T^mi, : 87 m. S. E. Nash- 
ATlIe. 

Baggeh's Spring, p. o., Botetourt co., Virg. : 109 m. W. 
Richmond. 

Daggktt's Mills, p. o., Tioga co., Penn. : 106 m. N. by W. 
Harriaburg. 

Dagsrokougu, hund. and p. v., Sussex co., Del. : on both 
sides of Pepper cr., which flows in a direction N. E. into 
Rehobo:h Ii:iy, 43 m. S. S. E. Dover. There are a number 
of grist and saw-mills on the r., and in the v. are several 
stores, etc. The hund. contains 67,020 acres, and 2,512 
inhabitants. 

Dahuinega, p. v., and cap. Lumpkin co., Go,. : on the E. 
side of Etowah r., and between that stream and C^estatee r., 
112 m. N. N. W. Milledgenlle. It is the central dep6t of 
the Georgia gold field, and the site of a Branch Mint of the 
United Slates, at which gold only is coined. It contains 
also a courl-house and other co. offices, several stores, and 
has 1,577 inhabitants. A newspaper, the "Mountain Sig- 
nal," is published weekly. 

1-)AUL0NEGA, p. V., WapcIIo CO., la.: about 4 m. N. of 
Des Moines r., and CI m. S. W. Iowa City. 

Dailet's Cross Koads, p. o., Lowndes co., Miss. : 112 m. 
N. E. Jackson. 

DAiNGEitFiKLD, p. V., IMtiis CO., Tex. .' on Boggy cr. of Big 
Cypress, 2G2 m. N. E, Austin City. 
Dairy, p. o., Scotland co., Mo. : 134 m. N. Jefferson City. 
Dakotah county, Minn. Situate S., and contains 16,400 
gq. m., extending from Ihr^ Mississippi to the Missouri, 
lis E. half is chiefly drained by tlie Minnesota r. and its 
tributaries, and its W. ball" l>y Sioux r. and the Tchan San- 
san, or Kiviere a Jaques. Inuuraerable small and large lakes 
are interspersed throughout the co. The only part occu- 
pied by the whites is thai Immediately on the Mississippi r. 
Farms 00 ; manuf. IK); dwell. 7S, and pop. — wh. 582, fr. 
col. 2— total 5S4. Capital: Fort Snelling. 

Dale eounty, Ala. Situate S. E., and contains 860 sq. m. 
Drained by the numerous tributaries of the Choctawatehie 
r., whieli traverses the co. from N. E. to S. W. Surface 
level, witii a barren soil, except 'he hummocks .ind swamp?, 
which are exceedingly fertile. The products are cotton, 
corn, etc., with rice ami sugar. Farms 697; manuf. 0; 
dwell. 9'2S, and pop.— wh. 5,6;J3, fr. col. 2, si. 721— total 
6,346. Capital: Newton. 

Dale, p. o., Spencer co., Ind. : 128 m. S. by W. Indiana- 
polis. 
Dale, p. o., 'Wyoming eo., jV. Y.: 221 m. W. Albany. 
Dale. p. o., Berks eo., 2'enn. : 61 in. E. Harrisburg. 
Dalkviixk, p. v., Lauderdale co.. Miss. : on Ponta cr., 88 
m. E. by N. Jackson. 

Dalevii.le, p. v., Dale co., Ala.: on the E. side of a 
br.inuh of Clioetaw-Halchee r., SO ra. S. S. E. Montgomery. 
Ttwas formerly the capital of the county, 

Dalkville, p. v., Luzerne co., Penn. : 94 ra, N. E. 
Harrisburg. 

Dalky's. p. o., Montgomery co., Tcnn. : 39 m. N. W. 
Nashville. 

Dallas county, Aln. Situate S. centrally, and contains 
872 sq. m. Drained by the Alabama r.. which here receives 
the Cahawba and other streams. Surface undulating, and 
soils, especially on the rivers, very fertile. Products, cotton, 
com, and some rice. Farms 749; manuf. 82; dwell. 1,375, 
anrl pop.— wh. 7.461 . fr. col. S. si. 22,25;^— total 29,727. Caj^- 
it<tl: Cahawba. Puhltv. Woftcii : Sclma and Tennessee 
P.iver i:. U. ; the Sebna and Mississippi li. R. 
Dallas county. Ark. Situate between Saline and Wash- 
164 



ita rivers, and contains 792 sq. m. Drained by creeks of the 
border rivers. Surface in some paris, hilly and uneven ; in 
others, rolling or level — everywhere diversified, and plenti- 
fully wooded. Soils generally of an average fertility, imd 
productive of com and cotton. Farms 399; manuf. 9; 
dwell. 740, and pop.— wh. 4,333, fr. col. 2, si. 2,.^42— loUtl 
6,877. Cipitnl: Princeton. 

Dallas county, la. Situate centrally, and contains 576 
sq. m. Drained by Beaver, Raccoon, and other creeks, 
tributaries of the Des Moines r. Surface chietly rolling 
prairie, interspersed with timber. Soils cxcelK-nt, being 
deep .ind rich. Farms OD ; manuf 00 ; dwell. l.J6. and pop. 
— wh. 854, fr. col. 0— total S54. Capikd: Adell. Public 
Work-s: Council Blufl^ R. R. (projected). 

Dallas county, Mo. Situate S. W., and contains 576 sq. 
m. Niangua r. and Little Niangua r. and their creeks drain 
the whole co. Surface undulating, and nccasioually tim- 
bered. Soils inditferent. Iron ore abun*Iant. Farms 361 ; 
manuf. 3 ; dwell. 597, and pop.— wh. 3,552, fr. col. S, si. SS— 
total 3,648. Capital: Buffalo. 

Dallas county, Tea:. Situate N., and contains 92') sq. m. 
Drained by the upper streams of Trinity r.. which spread 
over the whole co. Surface elevated and level, eliiefly 
prairie. Soils of excellent fertility. Farms 178; manuf. 1 ; 
dwell. 435, and pop.— wh. 2,536, fr. col. 0, si. 207— total 2J43, 
Capital : Dallas. 
Dallas, p. v., Pulaski co., Ky. : 82 m. S. by E. Frankfort. 
Da-llas, p. v., Madison par.. La. : 132 m. N. Baton 
Rouge. 

Dallas, p. v., La Fayette co., Mi^s. : 147 m. N. \. W. 
Jackson. 

Dallas, p. v., Greene co., Mo. : on the W. side of -lames 
r., the N. branch of White r., 129 m. S. S. W. Jefferson City. 
Dallas, p. v., Highland co., Ohio: 66 m. S. S. W. 
Columbus. 

Dallas, t. and p. o., Luzerne co., Penn.: OS m. N. E. 
Harrisburg, 

Dallas, p. v., and cap. Dallas co., T&x. : on the K. side 
of Trinity r., 192 m. N. by E. Austin City. The "D. Iler 
aid" (dem.) is the name of a weekly newspaper published 
in the village. 

Dallas, t and p. o., Clinton co., Mich.: 20 m. X. W. 
Lansing. Pop. 185. 

Dallas, p; v., Marshall co., Virg.: 238 m. N. W. Rich- 
mond. 

Dallas, p. v., (jaaton co., JiT'. Car.f 138 m. W. S. W. 
Raleigh. 

Dallasbfrgii, p. v., Owen co., A"?/. .■ 82 m. N. by E. 
Frankfort. 

Dallasburgu, p. v., Warren co., Ohio: 74 m. S. W, 
Columbus. 

Dallas Crrv, p. v., Hancock co., HL: 91 m. N. W. 
Springfield. 
Dallastown, p. v., York co., Petm. : 42 m. S. Harrisburg, 
Dalmatia, p. v., Northumberland co., Penn. : 40 m. N. 
Harrisburg. 

Dai.ton, p. v., ■W.^yne co., Tnd. : on the W. aide of Nettle 
cr., 5(i m. E. by N. Indianapolis. 

DALTtts, U and p. 0.. Berkshire co., Mafm. ; on Ihe line of 
the Western R. R., H'S m. W. Boston. Drained by the E. 
branch of Housatonic r. It has several va!ual>lo manu- 
factures. Pop. 1,029. 

l^ALTON, t, and p. v., Coos co.. K. /lamp.: on the E. si<Ie 
of ('unnerlicut r.. 72 m. N. by W. Concord. The Great or 
Fifteen Mile Falls commence in Dalton, and rush lumultu- 
ously alons: the N. W. border. The t. is drained by John's 
r., and other streams. In the W. and S. the surface is billy, 
and along the St. John's the majestic white pine alioimds. 
Tlie v. or selllement is located on the river bank. P. 750. 

y^Ai.TON. p. v.. Wayne co., Ohio : on the line of the Akron 
and *Millei-sburg R. R., 80 ra. E. N. K. Cc.lumhiis. 

Dalton. p. v., Slurray co., Oa.: about 2 m. W. of Cona- 
sauga r., 147 m. N. W. Mi Hedge ville. U is a new v. which 



DAM 



DAN 



has spninj; np under the bcniirn influence of railways, and 
is one which will licconie a centre ofp^'puiation, contrneree, 
and weaUh. The Western rind Alkmtic U. Repasses through 
it U'O m. fnmi Allanl.i. and -10 m. from Chattan'Wjia. and at 
this point is inli-rsected by the East Tennessee and Georijia 
R. i;.. whieh runs lil7 m. to Knoxville. A newspaper, tlie 
" I). Times" (dem.), is issueil weekly. The v. contains sev- 
eral fine hiiiUiinLrs and shops belonging to tlio K. K. com- 
panies, and lias aI>out <j(-u iniialiii::iHs. 

DAMAinseoTiA MiMJi. p. v.. Lincoln eo., Jff. : at tlie out- 
let of Damariecnlla Pond. 2*5 ni. S. S E. Augusta. 

Damari-scotta river. J/i . ; this r. has its source in ponds 
in Jofierson and Nob1esborouq:h ; its general course is soulh- 
eriy, between Newcastle, Kdi;ecomb, and Boothbay on the 
"W.. and Bristol on the V.. ; jt innavigable for large bliippini: 
for H; ra. Large quantities of limber are brought down Ihe 
r., and nuineruus merchant vessels are aniui:dly built cm this 
broail iirm of tlic sea. 

])amarcotili.r, p. v., Columbiana cf., Ohy>: on the N. 
line of the eo.. 1*26 m. N. E. by E. Columbus. It is a small 
village of about 2(Hi inhabil-inls. 

I^AMARccf, I. and p. v., Henry eo., Ohw : on the N. side 
of ilaumee r, and of the '\\"abash and Erie Canal, 112 m. 
K. X. W. (^oIumi),us. Pop. 2^y, 

Damascus, t. and p. v.. SVayne eo., Pain. : on the \V. side 
of Delaware r., I2S ni. N. E. liarrisburg. The v. on the r., 
which is here spanned by a brjilge 500 feet long, is a small 
settlement of 3b or 40 dwellings. 

Damascus, p. v., Spartanburg dist., K Cur. : SO m. N. W. 
Columbia. 

Damascits, p. v., Montgomery CO.. M(7.: at the head of 
ijeneca er.. 02 ni. N. W. Annapolis. 

Dan river, iV. Car. and Vlrg. : mostly in Virginia, tlie 
Dan uniting witli Stjiuntoii r, forms the Roanoke. It lias 
falls of 23 feet at Danville, but, by a canal anjund Ilium, 
navigation is ojjen for UiO m. from it.'* mouth. 

]),\XA, t. and p. o., Worcester co., J/i/.-.,?. ; G2 m. W. Bos- 
ton. A branch of Swift r. passes Uiroutrli the town. In the 
manufacture of palm-leaf hats there are mnnbere engaged 
— it \s the principal manufacture. Pop. 642. 

DANiJOKorGH. p. v.. Rucks CO., P' .'uk: 1*2 m, E. Harris- 
burg, and about 3 m. K. of Doylostr.wn. It eonlains alimii 
SO dwellings. 

DANiiuuon, p. v., Wilkes eo., tia. : on the S. side of Bri'ad 
r., 12 m. from its entrance into the t^avannah r., and OS m. 
N. N. E. Milledgeville. 

DANBinn-, t.. p. !>.. and one of the capitals Fairfield oo.. 
Co}in.: 48 m. S. W. Hartford. Drained by a iTaneh of 
Housatonie r.. whieh furnishes good water-power. Tlie 
borough is a plea.sant village, built chiefly on one street. It 
contains 7 churches, and about S-^n dwellings. The Dan- 
bury and Norwalk R. R. haa its N. terminus at this point. 
The t. has several manufactures, and siipporis a newsjiaper. 
tiie '• D. Times," whieh is publislied weekly. Danbury was 
captured and burned by the British in the revolutionary 
war, and large quantities of military stores seized — this '•<.■- 
currcd 26th April, 1777. In the battle the American gene- 
ral. "Woostcr, wa.s killed. Pop. 5.yC4. 

DANnt'BY. p. Y., and eaj). Stokes co., K Car.: 104 m. 
N. W. by W. Kaleigh. 

DANnriJV, t. and p. v.. Grafton co.. A^ /Tamp. : in the S. 
part, of the co.. 29 m. \. W. Concord. The \orlh«m R. li. 
passes through the t, 3ii ra. from West Lebaru.n. P, :.*34. 

Danuy, t.-«nd p. v.. Tompkins co., ^\ Y. : about S m. S. 
Ithaca, and l:U m. W. by S. Albany. The surface is hilly, 
and the soils a gravelly loam : drained by Catlotong cr. and 
its tributaries. The v. conl;xius about 4«t0 inhabitants. The 
L ha.s a large number of saw-mUL^. Pop. 2,411. 

Danby, t. and p. v., P.ulland eo., l\rvi.: near the head 
waters of Otter or., 07 m. S. by W. Montpelier. The surface 
Is ireneruUy rough, but the soils are highly productive. The 
t is nok-d for its butter and cheese. The. Vermont Western 
E. v.. passes through ils s. E. corner. Pop. l,.'>?5. 



Danby, t. and p. o., Ionia eo., 3{ich. : on Grand r., IS m. 
W. S. W. Lansing. Pup. 2G2. 

Danby Fouk Coiinelb, p. o., Rutland co., Vfrm. : 60 ra. 
S. by W. Monlpelier. 

Dancy\-ille, p. v., Haywood co., Tcjin. : about 7 m. S. of 
Big Hatchee r.. 14? m. W. S. \V. Na-shville. 

Danoridoe, p. v., and cap. JetTerson co., 'J'tiin. : on the 
N. side of French Broad r., 102 m. E. Nashville. It con- 
tains the usual co. buildings, several stores, and about Si^ 
dwellings. It has a considerable trade in (he vicinity . 

Dane county, Whc. Situate S. centr.'dly, and conrain.-! 
1,235 sq. m. Drained by Black Earth, Blue Mound, and 
other tributaries of Wisconsin r., which washes its K. W. 
comer, and by Catfish r., Sugar r., and other affluents of 
Rock r. In its centre are the Four Lakes, renowned f.-r 
their beauty. Tho level of Fourth Lake, above the Allan- 
tic, is 788 feet, and above Lake Michigan, 230 ft-i'l. Surface 
gt^nerally rolling; hills and valleys succeeding each other; 
ihe hdls seldom abrujjt, and arable to their summits : the val- 
leys well watered and seldom marshy. Soils genewHy black 
vegetable niuld. sometimes loamy, and occasionally clay 
mi.xed with sand. The underlying rocks are cliiefly calca- 
reous. Fanns 1.5(il; uianuf. ^7 ; dwell. 2.i'.03, and pop.— 
wh. 10,0ls, fr. col. 23— total 10,641. Ca/jital : 'Shuiison. 
J'nbh'e WovkH: Milwaukee and Mississippi R. R. 

Dane, t. and p. c, Dane co., Wise. : 12 m. N. N.W. Madi- 
son. Pop. 2S7. 

DANiiir/sMiLLs, p. o., Piersouco..A'; ('(.*/■.; 53 m. N. N.W. 
llaleigh. 

Damel^ville, p. v., and cap. Madison co., Ga.: on the 
high hind between Oconee and Broad rivers. 74 m. N. Mil- 
ledgeville. It contaius the usual co. offices, a j:ul, an 
academy, and about 25 or 30 stores and dwellings. 

Danielsville, p. v., Dickson co., Tevn. .■ 87 ni. W. 
Nashville. 

Daniei£T1lle, p. v., Spotl^ylvania co., iV/-;/- •' on one 
of Ihe. head branches of iS'orlh Anna r., 4',i m. X, N. W. 
j;ichmond. Gold ia (bund in Ihi.s I'cgion of cjuntry to a 
Considerable extent. 

Daxielton, p. v., Beaufort dist., K Oir. : 113 m. S. by W. 
Colund)ia. 

Dannejiora, p. v., Clinton co., K. Y.: about 2 m. N. of 
Saranae r., in m. W. by N, Platlsbiirg. and 1S7 m. N. Albany. 

Daxsville, p. v., Livingston eo., Al Y.: on Canaseraga 
r., a tributary of Genesee r., IDS m. W. by S. Albany. Here 
are a succession of f;dls, within the distance ofl \ m.. affording 
a large power, and the v. contains several factories and mills, 
aa paiJcr-miJIs, flouring-mills, etc.. and furnaces, Dansvillc 
has three weekly newspapers, and one semi-monthly, viz., 
the "D. Herald" (whig), the ''D. Courier" (dem.). the "D. 
Chronicle" (dem.). weeklies, and "Treiiddy's Advertiser," 
published semi-monthly. The Dansville Branch ot the 
Genesee Valley Canal extends hence 11 ni. to the main 
canal, which it joins near the v, of Mt. Morris. Poj.. R'^OO. 

Dantom, p, v., Tishomingo co., iJ//8.s. ; 196 ni. IS'. E. 
Jackson, 

Danube, t. and p. v., Herkimer co.. A'', Y. : on the S. of 
tlie Mohawk r., 5S m. W. >.'. W. AII»any. Tho surface is 
undulating: soils sandy and calcareous loiim: drained by 
Kowadaga cr. Tlie Erie Canal, on which the v. of Danube 
is located, passes llirtKigh the N. part of the town, following 
the Valley of the Mohawk. Pop. l.T^iO. 

Danvehs, Land p. v., Essex vo., 3fui.s. : 14 m. N. Boston, 
The soils are fertile and well cultivated. The principal v. is 
virtually u suburb of Salem, the streets being continuous. 
There is aiiotinr v. in Ihe N. part of the t., on Beverly r., 
at which numerous ships arc annually built. Both tht'se 
villages can be a|tpruached I\v vesseks of considi-rable bur- 
den, and br)th have considerable trade and manufaelures, 
principally in leather and its products. Pop. 8,110. The 
Salem and Lowell R. U. passes through tlic townshi]>. 

Danville. [). v., and caj>. Yell co., A/-k: : on Petite Jean 
cr., 07 m. W. N. AV. Little Rock. 

165 



DAB 



D.K-v„xK,p.v.,9umterco (?«,.;on.heW.b»nkof 

v^'To Bi^'vormlon '., in^.n.liately hdo,v the June- 

fleld. It IS a large ^^^^ ,, ^ ,.^,_^^,,_„ 

newspapers, the "U. lUral" ^^ '^ surrounding 

(whi"!. both issued wecklj. lop. i,-""- 

country is fertile and P"!'"'™": ,^^3 ,„., j„,;... „n the 

porlant trading place ' ,'' "T- '4" D„„u Asvluro. The 

and also of the Y"'" !\';.^rand in 1850 had a president 
college was founded ml 20^ and. ^,^,^„^ ^..^ , 

and - professors, 363 alumni, a ,^_ 

librarj- of nearly 6,000 volumes. The asylum n 
liur.uj . Pop. about 1,600. 

''%""""■ , n V and cap. Montgomery co., M>. : on the 
.Tairbo^u;; m'frorthe Lole r. . tributary of the 

Hi.ouri, 4. m^ N^ K. by B^; ~^t., K Ba^p. : SO 
^''s'e "c^cord Ichusnut r. passes over the N W. cor- 
ner and fherHre several ponds in the town. The sur^ce 

^Dr...B,p.v.,Knoxeo.,./.-o..-about4m.W.of 

"— ;?';t^-^.Hrr;o.,....:o„.he 

,r:f;^;^.-nch.Su«.— ar .Ihee^^ 
of Mahoning er., »"'',''".*;, ''"° "', above Northum- 

crtesmetsqueha^ar' The v. contains several chureh- 
" stores and about 3,800 inhalutanls, and it has a consid- 
:;* ride^ith the keighi^oring interior Twcine^^^^^^^ 
pers, the "D. Democrat" (whig), and the D. Intelli 

^^^:::r:tT;-:^;'"^'-iedoniaeo.,r.™.:«i 

, NTMontp elier. The v. is pleasantly situated near the 

^^o'f^ie and is surrounded by a fine farming eoun- 

trjed .UainU bv trihutaries of Passumsic r.. which also 

rLrmiU-p"«er. " The t. ha. considerable manufactures ; 

S I. H.ville has become a place of extensive trad<s and 

a dep6t for the immense produo.s of a wide coun.r> ^ I 

Ms large tobacco warehouses, numerous »'» f »• »°f.°^;" 

Tsu inhabitants, and here is published the ''^-^^f^^'- 

a weeUlv newspaper. The Richmond and Danvdle K. E. 

has its 9. terminus at this point. r^ . ,53 ni E. 

DA.N-VI1.1.K, p. v., Monigomery CO., T«t- . IW m. i>. 

Austin City. 

106 



llarrisburg. 1 he v., on uaruy i , The 1 is divided 

'T;-»v p. v., Franklin co., Okio: 12 m. W. Columbu,, 
'"C;^S!rSM:toneo.,0..:onBigDarhy 
"^^:^rprr:eo.,...: near Big Darby 

'••5:^v^;:-o:"s:h:iiaeo.,.....em.K.K.K 

Milledgeville. . ^^ j,,^ yf^ ,,,,« 

-=^m^^— ^--:- 

rri:s'm".:^:a:e-rocky ridges, which are called the 

X::T^' and 'p v!'Fairfleld eo., cW : on Long Island 
DAmF.N,t.andp.<. ^^^^^^^ .^ undulaung, 

Sound, 03 m. b. ^^ • «""' J ^ i3 „„ a small stream which 
of.Maluiiah. r. .. ,„„ bar has U feet of 

Ihe coasting trade of the port is large. Pop- -- • 
"^'!-^-' 'dT,t r^V^Xr-Tt V. lies:,; L nne or 

and contains about 800 inhabitanU. The t. '^f'^^'^^J, 
Ellicotfs er. and other tributaries of Tonawanda r. Its sur 
face is hilly, and soils clayey and calcareous. 

creek. Pop. of 1. 1,013. ,^^ ,;„« 

DAamN CKSTBK^P. '';: »!"~i 25 „. from Buffa- 

of the Buffalo and New York City K. K., '•> 

I ,„, and 234 \V. Albany. ^_^ ^,,^ ,,„^ „, 

Dawen Depot, p. o., FairhLlcl co.j li, Hartford. 

the New York an.l New Haven E. U., 62 m bA\^. Hartfor^ 

Dark Coknes, p. o., CampbeU co., Oa. : 106 m.W. IN. 
T;rc:U. P.O., Desoto CO., i...:lCSm.N 

:;:r/ex:^— -^=^Ss2^^: 

fertile. It is an excellent gram <-""'J- „VT col 163 

ir;^E::.:^o:-n;nrv:^t:rt^^!f 

"he eoun^-,was erected by General Wayne, ITi..;, on he 
1^0. where three years before General St. Clair had sum-red 
Ki« memorable defeat bv the Indians. 
DxuKE p. 0., Darke co., Ohio: 93 m. W. Columbu, 
SluKEsviLt;, p. v., Berkeley eo., !-«■(,. : on bulphur 



DAR 



DAV 



Springs lt.. a branch <»f Opequan er. of lUe Potomac r., 127 
m. N. by W. Kidimond. 

, Daklington district, K Car. Situate E. centrally, and 
contains 1,060 sq. m. Drained by Black and other creeks 
of Great Pedee r., whicli bounda it on the N. E., and by 
numerous affluents of Lynfli's er., which washes its S. W. 
border. Surface slightly undulating. Soils sandy and 
light, except on the margins of the streams, where it is very 
fertile. The chief products are cotton and Indian corn, 
with some wheat, oats, etc. Farms S5T ; manuf. 20 ; dwell. 
1,318, and pop.— wh. 6,7:»0, fr. col. 39, si. 10,041— total 16,830. 
Cupit4il: Darlington C. II. Pxibli^i Works: "Wilmingtou 
and Manchester li. K. 

Darlington, p. v., Montgomery co.,/«^. ; on the S.side 
of Sugar cr. of liock r., 42 ra. N. W. Indianapolis. 

Darlington, p. v., St. Helena par., La.: 3S m. N. E. 
Baton lioiige. 

DARi.iNciTON, p. v., ITarford co., Md. : on the W. side of 
the Susquehanna r., about 2 m. distant from it, and 49 m. 
N. by K. Annapolis. 

Darlington, p. c, Beaver co., Penn. : on Little Beaver 
cr., 197 m. W, by N. Ilarrisburg. It has about 400 inhab- 
itants. 

Daelincton Couet-House, p. v., and cap. Darlington 
dist, S. Car. : on Swift cr.. a trilmtary of Black cr. of Great 
Pedee r., 69 m. E. N. E. Columbia. It is a v. of about 500 
inhabitants, and lies about 3 m. W. of Black creek. 

Dabllngton Heights, p. o.. Prince Edward co., Virg. : 
61 m. S. W. by \V. Paehmoud. 

Darnkstown, p. v., Montgomery co., Md. : on theS. side 
of Seneca er., 51 m. W. N. W. Annapolis. 

Darrtown, p. v., Butler co., Ohio: on the line of the 
Junction K. P., 96 ra. W. S. W. Columbus. 

Dartfoed, p. v., Marquette co., WUc. : 62 m. N. by E. 
Madison, 

Dartmouth, t and p. v., Bristol co., dfassi. ; 52 m. S. Bos- 
ton. It has Buzzard's Bay on the S. E.. and is penetrated 
by several inlets from it, one of which receives Aponiganset 
r., wJiich is navigable to near the middle of the town. The 
manufiieture of sail, ship-building, and the wliale and coast 
fisheries, are the chief employments of the inhabitants. 

Pop. 3,.>t;s. 

DiRvtLL's, p. o., Dinwiddie co., Vtrij. : 37 m. S. W. 
Eichmond. 

Darwtn, p. v., and cap. Clark co.. Ill : on the AV. bank 
of Wabash r., 113 m. E. S. E. Ppringli.-ld. It is a flourish- 
ing place, and contains about 300 inhabitants. 

Darysaw, p. 0., Jefferson co., Ark. : 49 m. S. by E. 
Jefferson City. 

Dacpuin county, Penn. Situate S. E. centrally, and con- 
tains COS sq. m. The Susquehanna washes the co. on the 
W. and S. W., and its tributaries, Mahanlango, Powell's, 
and Swatara creeks, drain the interior. Surface rough, 
hilly, and in some parts mountainous. Soils generally fer- 
tile, producing all the grains abundantly, and Ifibacco. Iron 
and coal are mined in immense quantities, and there are 
several potteries in operation. The r>auphin co. coal is 
considered one of the best qualities in market Farms 1 .OoO ; 
manuf. 253; dwell. 6,033, and pop._wh. :i4.491, fr. col. 1.2C,3 
—total 35,754. Capital : Ilarrisburg. PuNic Wor/.-s ; 
Pennsylvania Canal; Union Canal; Lancaster and Ilarris- 
burg R. P. ; Pennsylvania R. R., etc. 

Daupihn. p. v., Dauphin co., Penn.: on the E. side of 
Susquehanna r.. 6 m. N. Il.arrisburs. It is a thriving v. of 
1,451 inhabitants. The line of the Main Division of the 
Pennsylvania Canal passes through it, 34 m. from Columbia. 

Davenport, p. v., and cap. Scott co.. Ta. : on the W. side 
oflheMississipjii r., opposite Rock Island, and .^1 m. E. by 
S.Iowa City. The site is 1*)0 m. below Galena, and 33>l 
above St. Louis. A large amount of business is transacted 
here, and it is destined to become a place of importance, in 
connectif.n with the railroad system of the West It is now 
connected with Chicago by E. R., and a R. R. is projected 



hence to Council Bluffs and the Pacific coast It already 
supports two newspapers, the '■ D. Giizelte" (whig), and the 
"Democratic Banner," both published weekly. Pup. 3,400. 

Davenport, t. and p. v., Delaware co., N. Y.: 57 m. 
W. S. W. Albany. Surface hilly, and soils argillaceoaa 
loam. Drained by Charlotte r. and ila tributaries. The t. 
lies on the S. side of Charlotte r., and on the Catskill Post 
Road. Pop. 2,305. 

Davenport Center, p. v., Delaware co., JV; n ; on the 
S side of Charlotte r., 61 m. W. S. W. Albany. 

Dattdson county, N. Car. Situate centrally, and con- 
taius 380 sq. m. Drained by numerous creeks of Yadkin 
r., which forms its W. and S. W. bor<iers. Surface undu- 
lating. Soils fertile. Products, wheat and Indian corn, 
wilh cotton and tobaccoi l'"arms 1,231 ; manuf. IS ; dwell. 
2,308, and pop.— wh. 12,139. fr. col. 1S9, si. 2,992— total 
15,320. Cajiiitil: Lexington. 

Davidson county, Tenn. Situate centrally, and contains 
720 sq, m. Drained by numerous creeks of the Cumber- 
land r., which passes through it from E. to W. Surface 
undulating, and agreeably varied. Soils fertile, and pro- 
ductive of all the grains, with cotton and t<ibacco in con- 
siderable quantities. Immense numbers of live-stock are 
owned in the co., and much live and salt provisions export- 
ed. Manufactures and commerce have also materially ad- 
vanced of late years. Farms 1,3S4; manuf. I'J9 ; dwell. 
4,257, and pop.— wh. 23,S58, fr. eol. 848, si. 14,175— total 
3S,SS1. Capital : Nashville. Public Wurks : Nashville 
and Chattinooga R. R. ; Nashville and Cincinnati R. R. ; 
Nashville and Louisville R. R. ; Nashville and Henderson 
R. R. ; Naslivillc and Mississippi R. R., etc.; and two rail- 
roads from Nashville to meet the Southern lines pointing 
toward the north. 

Davidson, p. v., Harrison co., Ind.: 112 m. S. by "W. 
Indianapolis. 

Davidson, t, and p. v., Sullivan co., Penn. : SO m. N. N. E. 
Harrisburg. 

Davidson Centre, p. o., Genesee co., Mich. : 56 m. 
E. N. E. Lansing. 

Davidson College, p. o., Mecklenburgh co., 2^. Car.: 
in the N. part of the co., between Rocky r. of Hk^ Yadkin 
and Davidson's cr. of Catawba r., 114 m. W. by S. Raleigh. 
It is located in an elevated and Iiealthy region. The college 
that gives name to the p. o. was founded in 1S3S, and in 
1850 had a president and 4 professors, and tio students. Its 
alumni nucnbered 140, of which 24 were ministers. The 
Ubrary has 5,000 vols, of well-selected books in all branches 
of learning. 

Davidson's Rivep^ p.o., Henderson c«, iV". Car. : on the 
r. so called, one of the head streams of French Broad r., 
234 m. W. by S. Raleigh. 

Davidsonville, p. v., Anne Arundel co., Md.: on the 
W. side of South r., at its head, lu m. W. Annapolis. 

Davipsville, p. v., Somerset co,, Pemt, : 117 m.W. by S. 
Harrisburg. 

Davidsville, p. v., Franklin co., Tenn. : 75 m. S. E. 
Nashville. 

Davie county, iV. Car. Situate centrally, and contains 
180 sq. m. Drained wholly by creeks of Yadkin r., which 
lies on its E. border. Surface un<lulaling. Soils fertile, 
producing cotton, tobacco, and the grains generally. Farms 
404; manuf 37; dwell. 1,027, and pop.— wh. 5,613, fr. col. 
82, si. 2.171— total 7,806. Capita,, : Mocksville. 

Daviess county, Ind. Situate S. W., and contains 420 
sq. m. The forks of White r. form its boundaries W. and 
S., and their many tributaries spread over ever)' part of the 
county. In the N. E. the surface is rolling and heavily 
timbered ; the N. W. level, and interspersed wilh prairies 
and skirts of tinilicr; the centre barrens, and the S. and E. 
undulating and heavily timbered. The soils are various, 
from sandy to pure clay. The bottoms of White r. are a 
rich bl.ioU I. .am. Farms 1,221; manuf. II; dwell. 1,803, 
and pop.— wh. 10,303, fr. col. 44— total 10,352. Capital: 

167 



DAV 



DAY 



■(Vashiigtnn. PuUio Works: CincinnaU and St. LouU 
E. R. ; anil Wabasb and Erio Canal. ,,.,„„ 

Divir^s county, A>. eUnate N. W., and cont:nn8 400 
«, ra. Drained l.y creeks tlowinf N. nito the Ohio r., 
which forms the boundary in that direction, and by creeks 
flowins S. into Green r.. which bounds the county h. bur- 
face uneven. Soils ordinarily fertile, and ,.roduc,ng the 
cereals, tobacco, eto., in abundance. Farms l,iio7 ; manuf. 
IS; dwell. 1,631, and pop.-wh. 9,4->8, fr. col. 50, si. 2,8SU- 
lolal 1-2,85.3. fll/<i(.rf.- Owcnsburgh. , . n-r 

DAyiE-=8 county, Mo. Situate N. W., and contains 5,0 
BO m Draincl by Grand r. an.l its numcrons and wide- 
sprcadlng tributaries. Surface chiefly undulating pratrie; 
and the soils everywhere fertile an-l productive. Indian 
corn an.l tobacco are largely grown-lhe other cereals to a 
less amount. Farms &43 ; nuinuf. 8 ; dwell. 7S4 and pop - 
wh .■> Ooli. b. col. 1, si. 2.11-totid 5,298. G'fnM : Gallatin. 
D^VIS county, Ja. Situate S. on the Missouri line and 
contains 6.14 sq. m. Drained in the N. by Soap .nnd the- 
qocst creeks of Des M- nes r., and in the S. by the head 
waters of Fox, ^Vyaconda, North Fabius, and o her mm 
flowin" into the Mississippi. The surface is beautifullj 
diversified, chiefly undulating prairie, with rreq.l.'Ul grove., 
of timber. Soils of unsurpassed fertility. Farms 013; 
manuf. 11 ; dwell. 1,180, and pop.-wh. 7,2.57, fr. col. ,- 
total 7,2 W. Capital: BloomfiM. 

D vvi* countv. rM T.:: Situate N. middle, and cont-ains 
about 1.S0O sq.'m. Drained by Wcbcr r., the river Jordan, 
and other streams falling into llie Great Salt Lake, which 
■forms its W. boundar>'. Surface hilly, with fertile valleys, 
lic'ir River mounUiins spresd over iL-t easlern se-.'lio'i^. As 
a farming county it ha-s excellent facilities. Farms 112; 
m.'iuif. iT dwell. 21S. and pop.-wh. 1,1M, fr. eol. 0-total 
11.34. f./md/?; Farmlngton. 

Davtsbououoh, p. v., Washington Co., Ga. : on the line 
of the Central P.. K., 122 m. from Savanii^di, and V. lu. 
E bv < Mill.-d''eville. It contains about CD dwellings. 
'dIvis' Cuee^k, p. o., Washington co.. In. : 17 m. S. 

Iowa City. , J ., 

D.VVIS' Cp.1!ek, p. c, Dubois CO., Ind.: on Hie cr. so 
c-lled 1110 m. S. S. W. Indianapolis. 

Davis' Creek, p. o., Fayette co., Ala.: on the cr. so 
called, 134 m. N. W. Montgomery. 

D.VVIS' Mills, p. c, BaniwcU dUL, S. Car. : 62 m. S. S.W . 
Columbia. 

Davis' Mills, p. o., Bedford co., rirg. : on Goose cr., a 
trihutarv of Uoanoke r., 117 m. W. by 9. Richmond 

Datisosville, p. v., Genesee co., MiA: 61 m. E. N. E. 

■^ dI'vb' Stoee, p. 0., Bedford co., Virg.: 108 m. W. by S. 
Eiehmond. 

Davistom, p. v., Talbot CO., Ga. : on the Macon and Co- 
lumbus Turnpike, 79 m. W. S. W. MiUedgcville. 

Davistows, p. v., Greene CO., Pmn. : 192 m. W. by S. 
Harrishurg. 

D AVI8V1LLE. p. v., Bucks CO., renn. : 91 ra. E. Harrisburg. 

Dawesville, p. v., Cherokee co., K. Car. : 814 m.W. by S. 

' DAiKiN's Mills, p. o., .Jackson co., O/.io : 72 m. S. by K. 

Columbus. ^„„ „ ,,., 

Dawson, p. v., Habersham co., Ga. : 128 ra. N. Mil- 

Dawsokbuegu, p. v., Fremont co., la. : 224 m. W. by S. 

Iowa City. -.T TT. ■ > 

Dawson's, p. c, Alleghany Co., iM. : on the ^. -ft . side 
of the Potomac r., 11 m. S. W. Cumberland. 

Dav, t. and p. v., Saratoga CO.. N. Y. : in the N.W. comer 
of the CO., 40 m. N. l-y W. Albany. The surface is hilly, the 
Kayaderosseras Mountains extending across the town, and 
the' most arable lands are those of the Sacaudaga r., wlmh 
flows through it. The v. lies on the N. side of r. P. 1,01». 
Dat-s I.asdino, p. o., York co.. Pmi.: on the W. side 
of Susquehanna r., 31 m. S. 8. E. Harrishurg. 
163 



Day's STOas, p. o., Hopkins eo., A'y. ; lOS m. W. S. W. 

Frankfort, ^, ., . ,, , , 

Davsville, p. v.. Ogle Co., lU.: 157 m. N SpringlK-ld 
Davsv.llb, p. v., Todd CO., K,j. : 152 m. S.W. 1 rauklort 
Davton, p. v., Marengo CO., AUi.: on a cr. of the Bogue 

Chickasaw,a tributary ofTombigbeer.from the E., SI m.W. 

Montgomery. „, . , e r. 

Davtok, p. v.. La Salle co., Ill: on the W. side of Des- 
plaincs r., 6 ra. N. E. Ottawa, and 118 ra. N. by E. Spring- 
Held. It is a thriving v., with about 2.50 inhabitanls. 

Dayton, p. v., Tippecanoe CO., M. : on the \\. side of 
the W. Fork of Ponceaplehoux or Wild Cat r, 54 m. K.W. 

'"d 'yton,'''. and p. v., Cattaraugus CO., N. T.: on Cone- 
wan»o cr., and drained by its tributaries. Surface undu- 
lating, and soils cliy and gr.-ivelly loam. The v. lies on the 
hue of the Erie R. V... 22 m. from Dunkirk, and 20-.. W . S. W. 
Alliany. Pop. oft. 1,44^. 

Dayiox,l,p. city, and cap. Montgomery co. O-iw a^ 
Ihe confluence of the Mad and Miami rivers, m hit. 39= 44 
N , and long. SlO U' W., 60 ra. W. S. W. Columbus, t is 
one of those new centres of trade and commerce which 
have -iiirung up in the Great West with the progress of in- 
ternal improvement^ and which, during the decade cn.ling 
with 1S.-.0, have been so wonderfully developed. Hie 
™und on which the city is built was originally purchased 
hv John Cleve Svmmes about the year 1795, and afterward 
it' appears that Governor St. Clair and Jonathan D-ayton, 
with several associates, contracte.l.with Symracs lor the 
purchase and setUement of so much of the original purchase 
.,, was included in the corporate limits of the present city. 
The embrvo town received the name of Dayton. Symmes 
lH-in<- unable to meet his payraenUs. the land reverted to the 
....vemmcnt, and afterward (in 1799), Daniel C. t.oopfr, of 
New Jersey, succeeded to Ihe proprietorship. I he tnwn 
was then laid out upon a plan originally furnished by su 
Clair with streets luO feet wide, crossing each other at right 
•,„.des The town plot was divided into 2Stl lots, 101) feet 
fr^mt by 200 feet in depth ; and upward of 50 ouldots of 10 
acre, each were laid off at the same time. But it was not 
till within the present century that the town had a tangible 
existence In 1505 it was incorporated by the Legislature, 
and in 1*16 the first brick dwelling was erected; and lu 
ISIO it had only 8S3 inhabitants. Its progress, indeed, 
seems to have been quite slow untU the.conipleti<jn of the 
internal improvements connecting it with the commercial 
centres of the West were completed. In 1820 tlie mhab- 
it,anus numbered 1,039: in ISSO, 2.954; in 1340,6,007; and 
in 1850 10,977. In IS'29 the Miami Canal, betwec-n Cmcm- 
nati and Uayton, was completed, and on the 25tli January 
of that year a canal boat traversed the distance (IW miles) 
between the two places. From this date the prosperity of 
Davton commences. At a later period the canal was 
opJned to Lake Erie. The amount of tolls collected at the 
port of Dayton, in 1S41, was $27,053; in 1S50, $32,s.l,. 
There are also now upward of 250 mUcs of M'Adam roads 
radiating from the city in aU directions ; and it is now con- 
nected, through the following raihoads. with all the principal 
points of the rnion : the Mad River and Erie R. R., lo6 m. 
terminating at Sandusky ; the Cincinnati, Hamilkm. and 
Dayton P.. K., 60 m., terminating at Cincinnati ; the Little 
Miami E. E., 84 ra., at Springfield ; the Dayton and Western 
P.. R., 40 ra., atthc State line; the Greenville and Miant 
R R S6 m , at Greenville and Union ; the Dayton an* 
M'ichigan R.R.,140 m., at Toledo; and the Dayton an* 
Xenia 16 m.. at Xenia. These connect with lines reachin) 
the lenn-th and breadth of the United States; and a contin 
uous line of railroad is under contract from a point on thf 
Ohio r., connecting with the Baltimore and Ohio R. E. to 
lUinuistown. opposite St. Louis. The principal points on 
this ro.ad will be Columbus, Dayton, Indianapolis, Torre 
Haute, and St. Louis. The commerce on all the completed 
railroads is immeuse, but there is no immediate mcaus of 



DAV 



DAY 



ascertaining its tonnage, dcsoription, or ^'alue. TIio rom- 
mercc of Dayton tiy canal, was in ISiJO, as oxhiijito*! in the 

following tablo. wliich gives the amount of the principal 

articles received and shipi)L'd at the port in the year 
referred to. 

Articles. Arrived Cle:ireil. 

Aleandbeer bUs. 31.... '-',013 

Flour ■' 3S1 .... 64,4:54 

Fish, fresh-water " 2,047 UliS 

Oil,linsc-cd " 4.... 4,522 

Oil, lard " 47 oSO 

Pork " .... 4T2 

Salt " 9,331 .... S9 

Whisky " S-S 30,237 

Kye, barley, and malt bush. l.ssl 14,789 

Com '• lll,76."i 184,269 

Coal, mineral " S9,9,'i3 .... 933 

Coke " IS.S.W.... 

pats " 3W .... 17.149 

Seeds, grass, etc " 2..")21 

Seed, flax " O.oCS.... 11,174 

"Wheat " 6,014.... 16,377 

EulU-r 11)3. 39J .... &1,,>1I 

Eurr blocks " 9i,0,W 

Furniture and baggage " 107.DS5,... 404, ITS 

Bacon and jiork " 1 1.022 723,799 

CofTee " 279,170.... 33,939 

Cotton, r.aw " 294,9i;2 

Cotton. yarns " 2,r5U 192,SlU 

Candles " 795.... 2s,54I 

Cut Stone " 16..5S7 .... 13,126 

Crockery, foreign " 11 6,602 2,700 

Eggs " .... 5.3,477 

Fruit, green " 11.729 ],'jO,032 

Feathers " 337 2.1'14 

Grindstones '■ 02,066 076 

'iypsum " Fr,,395 l,4oo 

l,:asiw.are " lCi,U3 S,96s 

Hemp " ll,93:.l ^ 

IlideS'and skins " 9,li 

Ice " ">i,7, 

Iron, pig, etc. " 1.774.7 

Iron, cast " 2,390,7" 

Lard " 1,01 

Leather " 45,7' 

Machinery " 89,3: 

Merchandise? " l,9,".5,oi 



Nails and spikes " 

Oil cake " 

Paper, Ohio " 

Powder, Ohio " 

Pot and pearl ashes *' 

Sugar " 

Taflow " 

Tobacco " 

Tobacco, manufactured " 

Wool " 

"White lead " 

Sundries " 

IIoop poles nnm. 

H"K8 " 

Slaves, etc " 

Shingles " 

Lath " 

Limiber 

Timber 



47,394 , 

2,000,19.) , 

Sol ,110 , 



" 1,C-)7,75S.. 
" 3,420,250 .. 
" l,140.2iiu . . 
feel 4,:?95,2T3 .. 

117,741 



78,43:3 

. 1,696.000 

59,073 

4:i,009 

. 49S.8'J6 

. 38,059 

. 100,822 

. 3311,744 

13,000 

.8,758 

. .3,167,170 

. 5:11.530 

. 15,222 

S'^.OST 

9,562 

. 121,713 

. 27,161 

14,209 

6S.4S0 

1,015 

1,219,9.38 

72,974 

3,497 

5,40.i 

110,250 

57,000 

293,460 

4.226 



The several locks of the canal atford considerable motive 
power within the limits of the eily ; and in 1845 the Dayton 
Hydraulic Company constructed a hydniulic canal from a 
point at Mad r, 4 m. above the city, by means of which the 
waters of a lart;e and unfailing stream are brought through 
the place, the suriilus water being diseliargcd into Ihe c;mal. 



and thence into the Miami r.. below the cily. The whole 
of the power thus obtained is leased to manufacturers, and 
\ this addition of motive force is justly ranked as one of tho 
chief sources of the prosperity now enjoyed by the city. A 
further increase of hydraulic facilities is jirojecled by eon- 
ducting the waters of the Miami above the city, through a 
canal, and discharging them into the same river below. 
Dayton surpa-ss, s all other westiTn cities of its si/.e in the 
variety and extent of its manufactories. Among the most 
notable and extensive are those for the manufacture of rail- 
road ears on the largest scale ; jiaper mills, wliieli sup[ily no 
small part of the West with wrapping, news, and book 
paper; foundries for stores, hollow ware. etc.. the ;innual 
vidue of these branches alone being at least .$5110,000, There 
is no city in the West so largely eitgaged in the manufac- 
ture and export of linseed oil an<i oil-cake as Dayton, In 
i860, 184,000 bushels of seed, valued at tl6:;,:i4-i, produced 
294,600 g.allons of oil, worth at 72 e. per gallon, :ii212,040; 
and 8,680 Ions of oil-cake, worth at i\0 per ton, .t20,S0O, 
the ditference between the raw seed and maiuifactured 
articles being $75,492, which represents the gross Earnings 
of labor and capital employed. Tho amount of supi rUne 
flour manutactured annually in the cily is equal to 125.000 
barrel.s. 

There are three chartered baidcs in the city : one a liraiioh 
of the State Bank, one an independent bank, ami one a free 
bank under the new law. The aggregate cajiital of theso is 
.?:35o,000. Besides these, thtre are several Jirivate banks, 
which employ capilal amounting to t200,oiiO, making the 
b;mking capital of the phice !^550,ooii, a sum imelefjuate to 
Ihe increasing wants of the nuimifacturing and comiuereial 
inti-rests <'f the community. 

The charter for a city government was graiili-d by tho 
Legislature in 1841. The city, for municipal purposes, is 
divideti into six wards: and its affairs are maitaged by 12 
couneilmen, representing the se\eral wanis in a single 
body. The pivseflt rcveime of the eily from taxes, licenses, 
etc., amounts to ;f20,000, one-third of which is ilevoted to 
edncational purpose^^. The jiublic buildings, though neither 
so cosily nor so perf.ct in architectural detail as those of the 
old anil wealthy cities of the country, arc neat and substan- 
tial. The Court House is one of the most eh-gant in the 
valley of the Ohio; its dimensions are 127 feet in length by 
62 feet in brcadtli. It is built of hew n blocks of coarse but 
compact white marble, which abounds in the v;.iiii(.v— tho 
roof is of stone and the doors of solid iron, and the style of 
arehilecture that of the I'arllKiion, with slight iio|ir,iv,-- 
nuiits. The plan seems to be faultless, trnd the elTect of Iho 
building imposing: its wliole cost exceeded somewhat 
<il00,000. The streets of the cily are lighted with g:us sup- 
plied liy a comp;iny eliartered for that jiurpose. as are tho 
public buildings, anil, as a general thing, also the stores. 
The gas is made from the bituminous coal found ;ibout the 
bead waters of the Ohio, and alTords a cheap ;iinl excellent 
light. Coke and tar are also obtained fn.'iu the coal n.ved 
in supplying the works. 

Tiiere are two market-houses in Ihe city. The principal 
one is 4:K) feet long, and paved witli blocks of iime,stone; 
and a part of the sceonil story of the building is occupied as 
a City Hall and Council Chamber. The markets exhibit 
the overflowing abundance of the valley, and prices are 
here about 20 per cent, below those of Cincinnati, and 40 or 
60 per cent, below those of Boston and Xew "i'ork. As the 
poimlation of the city increases, however, this disproportion 
in prices will, of course, be less. 

Besides an exix-Uenl female academy and several private 
schools, there are six free scliools in the city, which ;ire con- 
ducted in the most admirable manner. Five of these arc 
'•common schools;'' the sixth is called the "High School,*' 
a popular college, into which the pupils from tlie other 
schools are admitted, when tliey have attained a prescribed 
advancement in the usual Ihiglish studies, and sustain a 
good cliar;ieUT. The princi])al literary inst:ttili,.n is tho 

169 



DAY 



DEC 



Library Associiilion, which has laid the fouiuhition oC a 
vahiahlo library, having now upward of 'J.OUO volumes of 
sek-c-ted works. The librarj' is open to minors, under cer- 
tain resirictions ; and a course of lectures is usually delivered 
before the Association during the winter months, which is 
free to the citizens generally. 

The periodical press of Dayton consists of four daily 
news])apers (all issuing likewise wt^ekly editions), and one 
weekly paper: the dailies are, the "Western Empire" 
(whig), the " Transcript" (neutral), the " D. Journal" ((km.), 
and the " D. Gazette" (whig) ; and the weekly newspaper 
is the "D. Advertiser" (whig). In point of energy and 
talent, the Dayton press is not surpassed by the press of 
older and more wealthy cities. 

Dayton, p. v., Kockingham co., Virg. : 102 m. N. W. 
Bichmond. 

Dead Fall, p. o., Abbeville dist,, S. Car. : S9 m. "W. 
Columbia. 

Dead IUver. p. c, Somerset co., Me. : on Dead r. of the 
Kennebec, 63 m. S. by W. Augusta. 

Dead river, ^fe. : the "W. branch of Kennel)cc r. It rises 
near the boundary of Lower Canada, and after a course of 
70 m., falls into the Kennebec, 20 m. below Moosehead 
Lake. It passes through a fertile and well wooded 
country. 

Dkal's MiLLfi. p. o., Caldwell ec, A^. Car. : 160 m. 
W. by N. Kaleigh. 

De.\m, p. v., Owen co., Ind. : 49 m. S. W. Indianapolis. 

Dkan's Counees, p. 0., Saratoga co., I^. V. : 26 m. N. by E. 
Albany. 

Deassville, p. v., Oneida co., JV'. Y. : on the line of the 
Chenango Canal, 86 m. W. by N. Albany. Pop. 200. 

Dearborn county, Inr?. Situate S. E., and contains 308 
sq. ni. i^'ituatc on the Ohio r., and drained by its tributa- 
ries, llie Great Miami, White Water, Laughery, and other 
streams. Surface generally undulating— in some parts hilly 
and broken. Soil fertile. Farms 1.520; nianuf. 72; dwell. 
3,540. anil pop.— wb. 20,021, fr. col. 145— total 20.1 GG. Cap- 
itiil : Lawrenceburg. Public Works : White Water Canal ; 
Lawrenceburg and Upper Mississippi E. R. ; and Cincinnati 
and St. Louis R. It. 

Dearisounvili-e, p. v., Wayne co., Mich. : on the S. side 
of Rivt-r Rouge, 72 ml E. S. E. Lansing. An arsenal of the 
United Slates is located here ; it consists of 11 brick build- 
ings arranged on the sides of a square 360 feet on each side. 
These buildings are connected by acontinuous wall of heavy 
masonry, 12 feet high. 

Dr.ARi»oRVT"8 Mills, p. o., Tuscarawas co., Ohio : on 
Tuscarawas r., 85 m. E. N. E. Columbus. 

Dkatksvili-e, p. v., Nelson co., Ky. : 46 ra. W. S. W. 
Frankfort. 

Deatonsville, p. v., Amelia co., Virg. : S3 m. S.W. by W. 
Richmond. 

Deaveeto-wu, p. v., Morgan co., 07iio: 52 m. E. by S. 
Columbus. It is pleasantly situate, and contains about 820 
inhabitants. 

Decatur county, Ga. Situate S. W. comer of State, and 
contains S70 sq. ra. Drained by Flint r., which runs through 
it, and the tributaries of Chattahoochee r.. which fnrms its 
W. border. Surface moderately uneven, and soils of average 
fertility. The chief products are cotton and corn, with 
some sugar, etc. Farms 441 ; manuf. 2; dwell. SOS, and 
pnp._\\ri. 4,018, fr. col. 5, si. S,639— total 8,262. Capitat: 
Bainbri.ige. PuhUc Works: Bainbriiige Branch of Bruns- 
* wick and Florida R. R. 

DECATua county, Ind. Situate S. E., and contnius 380 
gq. ni. Driiined by Flat Rock, Clifty, and Sand creeks. 
Surface mostly level or undulating— on the streams some- 
what hilly. The hotfonis are rich, though small. In the 
E. and S. there is scmie flat, wetland. Farmsl.877 ; manuf. 
89; dwell. 2.Grv2, and pop.— wh. 14.9.il. fr. col. i:>6— total 
15,107. Cftjiital: Greensburg. PiiblicWorks: Lawrence- 
burg and I'pjR'r Mississippi R. R. 
170 



I DrcATL'u county, la. Situate S. on Missouri line, and 
contain.'^ 540 sq. m. Drained by the head waters of Weldea 
r., and Crooked Fork of Grand r., which traverse tlic co. 
from N. to S. Surface elevated and beautifully diversified, 
and the soils eminently fertile. Numerous Hungarians are 
settled at New Buda, in this county. Farms 46 ; manuf. ; 
dwell. 145, anil pop.— wh. 964, fr. col. 1— total 965. Capital: 
Nine Eagles. 

Decatur county, Teyin. Situate centrally on the W. side 
of Tennessee r., and contitins 320 sq. m. Drained by creeks 
of Tennessee r. Surface generally level or undulating, and 
soils good, producing largely of com, wheat, etc., with some 
tobacco. Farms 443; manuf. 15; dwell. 941, and pop.— 
white 5,263, free col. 17, slave 723— total 6,003. Capital : 
Deeaturville. 

Decatur, p. v., Morgan co., Ala. : on the S. bank of 
Tennessee r., 146 m. N. by W. Montgomerj'. The Tuscum- 
bia ami Decatur R. R. has its E. ternnnus at this point; but 
lliis R. R. nnw forms a link in the great Memphis and 
Churlcstoji Route. The v. has considerable trade, and has 
a weekly newspaper, called the ''Morgan Advertiser." 
Pop. about 700. 

Decatur, p. v., and cap. De Kalb co., Ga. : on the line 
of the Georgia R. R.. 165 m. from Augusta, and 6 from 
Atlanta, 83 m. AV. N. W. Miiledgeville. It is pleasantly 
located in a fine liilly region, and is a v. of considerable 
pretensions. Pop. 744. 

Decatfr, p. v., and cap. Macon co., III. : on the N. W. 
side of the N. fork of Sangamon r., 39 m. E. by N. Spring- 
field. It is situate on the edge of an extensive prairie, aud 
in the midst of a fine agricultural region. It is one of the 
most thriving of the inland towns of the State ; and its fu- 
ture, when the Central R. R. and other railroads intended 
to intersect it are finished, will be one of great prosperity, 
lis inhabitants number some 600, and the immediate vi- 
cinity is thickly settled. 

Deoatur. p. v., and cap. Adams Co., Tiid. : on the W. 
«idc of St. Mary's r. of the Maumee, 96 m. N. E. Indianapo- 
lis. It contains a C. II., jail, and the co. offices, about 1-0 
dwellings.and 231 inhabitants. It has a weekly newspaper, 
the **D. Gazette" (whig). 

Decatur, t. and p. o.. Van Buren co., MtcJi. : on the S. 
Branch of Pawpaw r., SO m. W. by S. Lansing. Pop, 386. 

Decatur, p. v., and cap. Newton co., Misx. : at the 
head streams of Chickasawha river, 04 m. E. by N. 
Jackson. 

Decitur. t. and p. v.. Otsego co., 2i. >'. .■ 46 m. W. 
Albany. Drained by Elk and other small streams. Sur- 
face elevated and hilly. Soil a sandy loam. The v. contains 
2S dwellings and 200 inhabitants. Pop. of t. 927. 

Decatur, p. v., Brown co., Ohio: between the forks of 
Eagle cr., S4 m. S. W. Columbus. It is a thriving v., and 
has several flour, grist, and saw-raills on the neighboring 
streams. Pop. 171. 

Dkcatur, p. v., and cap. Meigs co., Tfinn.: about 2 m. 
S. E. of Tennessee r., and 117 E. S. E. Nashville. It con- 
tains the CO. offices and about ISO inhabitants. 

Decatur, t and p. o.. Mifflin co., p/>nn.: in the mount- 
ains. 42 m. N. W. Ilarrisburg. and watered by Jack's cr. of 
the Juniata r. It is 14 m. N. E. of Lewistown. 

Decatur, t. and p. v., Greene co., Wise: 32 m. S. Mad- 
ison. The v. lies on the W. side of Sugar r, a branch of 
Roek river. Pop. of I. 55?. 

Decaturtille. p. v., and cap. Decatur co., Temi.: 82 m. 
S. E. Nashville. 

Decatukville, p. v., Washington co., Ofiio: 78 m. S. E. 
Columbus. 

Decker's Creek, p. o. Preston co., Virg. : on a cr. of 
Cheat r. so called. 1S3 m. N. W. Richmon-I. 

Di-cKERTOWN, p. o., Sussex CO., A' Jer. : on the W. side 
of Wallkill r,, 60 m. N. Trenton. It has several stores, and 
about 160 iidiabitants. The neighborhooil is a fine lime- 
stone counIr}\ 



DEC 



DEF 



Decobaii, p. o., ■Winneshiek co., la.: 113 m. N. by W. 
Iowa Ciiy. 

Dei>uam, t., p. v., and cap. Norfolk co., Mass. : on Charles 
r., IS m. S. S. "W. Boston. Neponset r. runs on its E. border, 
and u small stream nms from Cliarles r. into Neponset r. — 
these affurd gooil water-power. The whole t. is well culti- 
Taled. The v. is pleasantly sitnalcd on Charles r.. and con- 
tains abont200 dwellings, and the eo. buildin^rs. The Boston 
and Providence E. 11. passes through the t., and <;;ives olT a 
branch R. R., 2 m. long, to the village. Manufactures are 
carried on to some extent, and there arc two newspapers 
published weekly, the "D. Gazette" (free soil), and the 
"Norfi)lk Democrat." Pop. 4,47T. 

Deed's Ckeek, p. o., Kosciusko co., Ind. : 100 m. N. by E. 
Indiannpolis. 

Deepsville, p. v., Jefferson co., ht. : 46 m. S. by "VV. 
Iowa City. 

Deep Ckeek, p. v., Norfolk co., Virg. : at the N. terminus 
of the Dismal Swamp Canal, and on both sides of it. 87 m. 
S. E. Pichniond. It has a consirlerable trade, and exports 
cedar-wo(jd and other products of the Swamp. Pop. about 
ItiO. The canal extends between Deep cr., a branch of 
Elizabeth r.. 10 m. from Norfolk, and Joyce's cr.. forming 
thus a connection between Albemarle Sound and nami)ton 
Iloatls — Ienn;Ih "23 miles. It is fed by Lake Drumniond. and 
the feeder, 3j m. long, 2\ feet deep, and 12 feet wide, is also 
navigalile. The main canal is 40 feet wide and 6 feet deep, 
and has 5 stone locks on it, lOD feet by 22 feet. 

V>Kv.v Ci:t, p. o., Mercer co., Ohio: 94 m. W. N. "\V. 
Columbus. 

Dekimkii-l. p. v.. Ecnssalaer co., K. Y. : on the line of the 
Troy and Boston K. P., 7 m. from Troy, and 13 N. by E. 
Albany. 

Deep Pivep., p. v., Middlesex co., Conii: 33 m. S. by E. 
Hartford. It is situate at the confluence of Deep r. with tlie 
Connecticut. 

Deep Pivep., p. o., Lake co., /n//. .* on Deep r., a branch 
of Calumic r., 136 m. N. W. Indianapolis. 

Deep Pitec, p. o., Poweshiek co., la. : 56 m. "W. by N. 
Iowa City. 

Deep Piver, p. o., Guilford co., iV' Car. : on the r. so 
called, a constituent of Cape Eear r., 72 m. W. by N. 
Kaleigh. 

Deep river, X. Car. : one of the constituents of Cape Fear 
r. It has its sources in Guilford co., where it passes through 
Kanditlph into Moore and Chatham counties, in tlie last of 
wliich it joins the Haw, the principal branch, from which 
point it assumes the name of Cape Fear Pivcr. 

Deep ^Vatee, p. o., Henry co.,J/(j. ; on the N. side of 
Deep Water cr., a tributary of Osage r., 100 m. W. by S. 
Jefferson City. 

Deep AVatee, p. o., Marshall co., dUns: : 167 m. N. by E. 
Jackson. 

Deep "VV'ell, p. o., Iredell co., N. Car, : 122 m. W. Raleigh. 

Deer Buook, p. o., Noxubee co.. Miss.: 108 m. N. E. 
Jaek.son. 

Deer Creek, p. v., Livingston oo., Mich. : 29 m. S. E. 
Lansing. 

Det:k Creek, p. o., Mercer co., Penv. : 216 m. "W. N. "W. 
Harrisburg. 

Defp, Cheek, p. o., Carroll co., Tnd. ; on a cr. of "Wabash 
r. so called, 61 m. N. by W. Indianapolis. Deer cr. is a fine 
miU-slream rising in the S. part of Miami eo..and running 
through Cass and Carroll counties to the Wabash, which it 
joins near Delplii. 

Deer Creek, p. o., Issaquena co., Miss. : 49 m. N. W. 
Jackson. 

DEF.RnELi), p. v., Pnn.iolph en., /»//. .• on the S. bank of 
the Mississinewa r., 72 m. E. N. E. Indianapolis. 

DEEKFiEi.n. p. v.. Lake co., ///..• equidistant between 
Lake Michigan and IVs Plaines r., 192 m. X. E. SpriuiifieM. 

Deekfielp. p. v., Li'uawee co., 3Iivh.: aw the N". hank 
of Paisin r., 06 m. S. E. Lansing. The Michigan Suutliern 



R. R. pasess through the village, 24 m. from Monroe, and 
224 m. from Chicago. 

Defef-ielp, t. and p. v., Franklin co.. Musr. : 7S m. W. 
Boston. ])rained by Deertleld r., which falls into the Con- 
necticut r., here forming the E. border of the town. The 
lands are very fertile, and afford the best meadows in the 
Male. The v. is situated on a plain separated from the 
Connecticut by a chain of hills, and consists chiefly of one 
street. The town is almost wholly agricultural in its indus- 
try. Pop. 2,4-.'l. 

Deerfielo, I. and p. v., Pockingham co., X. Uamp. : 16 
m. S. E. Concord. Drained by Lamprey r.. which nms 
through it. Surface unevm and soils difficult. Pop. 2.li22, 

Deerfiei.p, t. and p. v.. Portage co,, Ohio: in tiie S. E. 
corner of ttie co. The S. branch of Mahoning r. passes 
through llie t. ; the v. is located centrally. Pop. of 1. 1,371. 

Deerfielp. p. v., Augusta co., Virg. : on Middle r.. a 
branch of the 8. fork of Shenandoah r., lOS m. W. N. "W. 
Piehmond. 

Defrfielp. p. v., Carroll par.. La. : 156 m. N. by W. 
Batim Pouge, 

Deekfielp. t. and p. v., Dane eo.. Wise. : 16 m. E. Madi- 
son. Drained by a fine mill-stream flowing into Lake Koah- 
konong. Surface level and soils rich. The v. lies on the 
N. side of the creek. Pop. C39. 

Drerfiei.p Street, p. v., Cumberland co., X. Jtr. : 55 m. 
S. by "W. Trenton. Pop. about ISii. 

Deerpielp Village, p. v., Warren co., Ohio : on the N. 
bank of Little Miami r., 76 m. S. \V. Cohimbus. It was 
founded in 1795. but has never progressed on account of its 
liability to inundation, and its population does not now ex- 
ceed 1211 souls. 

Deer Gro^t.. p, o.. Cook co., III. : in the N. part of the 
CO., on a cr. of Des Plaines r.. 178 m. N. E. Sprintrfield. 

Deering, t. and p. o., Hillsborough co., N. Hidhj: : 21 m. 
S. "NV. Concord. Drained by Contooeook r. Surface diver- 
sifliMi and soils of average fVrtihty. Large quantities of brick 
are manufactured in this town. Pop. 1,890. 

Deek Isle, t. and p. o., Hancock co., Me. : 56 m. E. by S. 
Augusta. The t. consists of an island on tho K. side of 
Penobscot Bay, and two or tliree small islamls adjacent. 
These islands are fertile, and, having good harb<irs, are well 
situated for the shore lisheries and coasting. Pop, 3.r37. 

Deep. Liric, p. o., Williams co., Ohio : on a cr. of Maiimec 
r. so calle<l. 132 m. N. W. Columbus. 

Deer Park, p. v.. La Salle co., ///. .- 6 in. S. W. Ottawa, 
and 1(19 m. N. by E. Springfield. 

Deer Park. p. v., Suffolk co., X. Y.: on the line of the 
Long Island P. P., ^7 m, from Brooklyn, and 124 m. S. S. W. 
Alliany. 

Deer Plais, p. o., Calhoun co.. III. : in the S. extremity 
of the CO., about 3 m. N. of Milan, and 79 m. S. S. TV. 
Springfield. 

Deer Pivee, p. o., Lewis co,, K. Y. : on the r. so called, 
112 m. N. W. Altjany. 

Deeesville, p. v.. Harrison co.. Ohio: 96 m. E. N. E. 
Columbus. 

Defiance county. Ohio. Situate N. W., and contains 
396 sq. m. Drained by the Maimiee r. and its large and 
widc-f^reading tributaries, St. Joseph's r., Tiffin r., and. 
Blanchard's Fork. Surface uneven, with considerable 
levul prairie, intermixed with wood and extensive bottoms. 
It is a fine grain county. Farms 296; manuf. 31 ; dwell. 
1.237, and pop. — wh. G.947. fr. cot. 19— total 0.960. Capital: 
Defiance. PuhHc Work.'i: Mianu Canal; and a K. P. from 
Fort Wayne to Maurnce City, etc. 

DEFiANt'E. t.. p. v.. and cap. Defiance co.. Ohio: at the 
confluence of the .\u (il:iize and Maumec rivers, on the line 
of the Wabash and Erie Canal, a few miles above the junc- 
tion of the Miami Canal, and on that of the P. P., between 
Sandusky City and Fort Wayne, 114 m. X, W. Cohnnlius 
It is thus most eligibly located for connnerce :it a jioint 
where canals, railroads, and navigable rivers have a com- 

171 



DEF 



DEL 



nion junction, and from wliicli in every direction the avenues 
arc uiiinteiTuptcd. In tlie old Indian wars it was a point 
of military importance. It contains the cuunly bnildings, 
offices, etc. ha3 numerous saw, grist, and fiour mills, ikc. 
P<i)\ (try. SOO.— t, 1,2S]. Two n(;wspapen«, the "D. Demo- 
crat" (dera.), and the "D, Banner" (wliig), are issued weekly. 

DtFRiEisviLLK. p. V., Reussclaer co., X. Y. : 4 ni. t?. E. 
All)any. It eonlaius23 dwellings, and 130 inhabitants*. 

De Glaize. p. o., Moreliause par., La. : 1G7 m. N. W. by JiT. 
Baton liouge. 

De Kah: county, Ala. Situate N. E., and contains 720 
Bq. m. Drained by Big "^'ill's cr. of Coosa r., and several 
crfcks, tributaries of Tennessee r. The surface is generally 
hiily, except in the river valleys, in winch tho land is of ex- 
traordinary fertility. Indian corn and collon, with tobacco, 
etc., are the chief products. Farms 616; manuf. S; dwell. 
i,2o4, and j.op.— wh. 7,730, fr. col. 9, si. oOft— total S,245. 
Capital : Lebanon. PuhlicWurls : Selma and Tennessee 
Kiver U. li. 

Dk Kalb county, Ga. Situate N. centrally, and con- 
tains 300 sq. m. Brained by branches of the Oemnlgec r. 
and of the Chattahoocheo r., the latter of which forms the 
N. W. bonier. Surface, an elevated table-laud, and of a 
productive soil. Indian corn and wticat, with cotlou and 
tobacco, form its staples. Farms 1.019; manuf. 45; dwell. 
1,792, and ])op.— wh. 11.372. fr. col. 32. si. 2.924— total 14,32S. 
Capital: Dec:iliir. PuhUc Works: Gfor^^ia R. K. ; West- 
ern and Allanlio li. li. ; Macon and Western K. E. ; 
La Grange li. li.. etc 

Ke Kalb county, III. Situate on the summit between 
the lUiuoisand llock rivers, and contains 64S sq. m. Drained 
by Kishwaukee r., flowing N. W. to Hock r., and Fox r. and 
its branches, flowing S. to the Illinois. Surface chiefly 
prairie, with groves of timber beautifully v.arying the scene. 
Soils deep, (hirk, an<i rich. Farms S12; manuf. 4; dwell. 
1.8'13, and po]).— wh. 7,539, fr. col. 1— total 7,510. Capital: 
Sycamore. 

De Kat.ij county, Ind. Situate N". E., and contains 3G5 
e^. m. Drained by St Joseph's of the Maumee, and its 
several tributary creeks. Surface undulatin;:. and, with the 
exception of some wet prairies, heavily timbered. Soils ex- 
cellent. Farms SSI; manuf. IC; dwell. 1,421, jm<l pop.— 
wh. S,241, fr. col. 10— total S.25I. Capital: Auburn. 

De Kalb county, 2to. Situate N. VT., and contains 432 
sq. m. Drained by Blue and Grindstone creeks of Grand 
r., and by CasEilo and Livingston creeks, and the Third 
Fork of Flattc r. Surface, undulating prairie, varied witli ! 
woodland. Soils fertile and productive. Farms 229; manuf. ' 



1 ; dwell. 33S, and pop.— wh. 2,003, fr. col. 2, si. Go— total 
2,075. Capital: MaysviUe. 

De Kalb county, Te7i7i. Situate centrally, and contains 
2S0 sq. ra. Drained by the tributaries of Cauey Fork of 
Cumberland r., which runs through the co. The N. part 
of the CO. is hilly, but Ihe S. and "W. are level barrens, 
affording a plentiful subaistance for cattle. The grains, 
with cotton and tobacco, are produced; and there are some 
important manufactures. Farms 717; manuf. 24; dwell. 
1.247, and pop.— wh. 7,335, fr. col. 1.3, si. 66S— total 3,016. 
Capital: Smithville. 

De Kalb, p. v., De Kalb co.. III. : near the head of 
Sycamore r., 152 m. N. N. E. Springlleld. 

De Kalb, J). v., and cap. Kemper eo., 3fis8. : about 2 m. S. 
of Sacarnochec cr., and 97 m. E. N. E. Jackson. 

De Kalb, p. v., Buchanan co., Mo.: in tho S. W. part 
of the CO., 167 m. W. N. W. Jefferson City. 

DeKalb, t. and p. v., St^ Lawrence co., X. Y. : on both 
sides of Oswegatehie r., 146 ra. N. W. Albany. The surface 
is hilly, and there is abundance of marble and iron ore. 
Tlie V. is situated on the E. side of the r., at the head of 
navigation, and contains about 40 dwellings. At the falls, 
immediately altove. there is immense water-power. 

De Kalb, p. v., Gilmer en., Vlrff. : on Little Kanawha r., 
207 m. >r. W. by W. Richmond. 

De Kalb, p. v., Boivie co., Tltr. .• on Mud cr. of Red r., 
297 in. X. E. Austin City. 

De Kalb, p. v., Crawford Co., Ohio: 66.m. N. by E. 
Columbus. 

Df. Kalb Cesthe, p. o., De Kalb co., III. : 145 m. N. X E. 
Springfield. 

Dekop-ea, t. and p. v., Columbia co., Wise. : 26 m. N. 
Madison. Drained by tlie Wisconsin r., which runs through 
it The V. is situated on the S. E. side of the stream, and is 
well located for trade. Pop. oft. 661. 

Delafielti, t. and p. v., Waukesha co.. Wise. : 49 m. E. 
Madison. Pop. 1,1-34. 

De Lancet, p. v., Madison co. X. Y. : H'4 m. W. N. W. 
Albany. 

Delapalma, p. o.. Brown count}', Ohio: S2 m. S. W, 
Columbus. 

Delwan, p. v., Tazewell co., HI. : 42 ift. N. by E. 
Springfleld. 

Delavan, p. v., Cattaraugus co., X. Y. : 243 m. W 
by S. Albany. It is located on a tributary of Cattaraugus 
creek. 

Delavax, t. and p. v., Walworth co., TFwc. ; 49 m. S. E. 
Madison. Pop. 1,260. 



THE STATE OF DELAWARE. 

Delawake. next to llhodo IsLind, tlie smallest State of the Union, and, in point of popnla'.ion, much inferior to that 
State, lies between 35° 2S' and 39° 47' latitudes N., and between 74° 5fi' and 750 46' longitudes W. of Greenwich, or 
1° 22' and 2° 06' E. of Washington. It is bounded on t'ae N. by Pennsylvania (from which the arc of a circle drawn with 
a raiiius of 12 miles from Newcastle iis a centre, divides it), on the E. by Delaware Bay and the Atlantic Ocean, and on 
the S. and W. by Maryland, occupying the north-eastern portion of the peninsula between the l)ays Chesapeake and 
Delaware. Tho N. and W. and S. boundaries were originally tletcrmined by Mason and Dixon, under whose name tho 
lines are stiil known. The length of tho Slate, X. and S., is about 112 miles, anrl iu widtli varies from 36 miles in the S. to 
less than 10 in the N., the area being 2.12(1 sq. mile-s. 

Nearly the whole of Delaware lies on tho Atlantic plain. The northern part, liowevcr, to Christiana creek, belongs to 
tlie primary tract, and is hilly and somewhat nigfjed ; but there are no hills exceeding 500 feet in height above the 
ocean. South of the creek above named, the surface is an almost perfect level, the general slope being toward tho 
Delaware and the ocean. In the south-weat the direction of the slope is toward Chesapeake'Bay, A table-land, or low 
sandy ridge, nowhere more than 60 or 70 fv-et Sn bright near its westtTU boundary, passes through the State, and forms 
the waU-rshed of the peninsula. This table-liin»l abounds with swamps, in which most of the rivers and streams liave 
their sources, some flowing west into the Chesapeake, and others east into the Delaware. .\t the southern extremity 
of the Sta(e is the Cypre.is Swamp, a morass 12 miles in length and G miles in width, including an area of 50,000 acres 
of land, the whole of which is a higli and level ba.sin, very wet, though undoubtedly the highest land between tho sea 
and tiic bay. This swamp contains a great variety of trees and plants, and is iiif-'SlM by wild anima's and reptiles. In 
the northern parts of the State, along the Delaware Kiver and Bay, and for S or 10 miles inland, the soils are generally 
rich clays, in which llic most useful agricultural staples can be e:usily reared ; fmm tlienco to the swamps the soil is light 
and sandy, and of an ijiferior quality ; and the central and southern parts have also a sandy soil, which gradually 
172 



DELAWARE. 



becomes more unproductive as the south is approacbcd. Bojz-imn ore is inmicl in the .swamj>y traels iti tiie soutli, and 
li;i3 long been used for economical purposes; shell marl, highly viiluahli- in agriculture, oc.urs. and in the north is 
found kaolin or porcelain day, which has supplied the Philadelphia Works wiih thai valual>le earth. 

The diniale of the State is generally mild, and highly favorable to agricultural pursuits. The niinlic-rn portion lias a 
salubrious atmosphere, but where the land is swampy, entlcmie sicknesses prevail to a considerable extgnt. Tlio natural 
productions are similar to those of the middle region of the Atlantic States. Some large timber grows in the north, 
and ihrougUoiU the State, in localities, woods of various kinds are foimd, and nuu-h has been exported at ditTcrcnl pcrioils. 

All the rivers of Delaware are small, generally rising within the State, and flowing into the Delaware ; the Rrandywino, 
however, comes in iVom Pennsylvania, and the head waters of the Choi)lank and Nanticnke, which pass into Maryland, 
are within its limits. The streams are generally wide in proportion to their length, and navigable by small craft s(^veral 
miles from their mouths. The Brandy wine (Brandewyne or Brandy Kiver, of the Dutch) is, in the upper part of its course, 
a valuable mill-slream, but at Wilmington it receives Christiana Creek, and beconu'S navigable for large ships. Bmall 
vessels also go up the latter branch to Christiana Bridge. Tiie Appoquinnimink Pciver, Duck Creek, Jones' Creek, Motlier 
or Murder Kill, Mispilion or Mospihon Creek, Broad Kill, Indian Creek, etc., are the oilier principal streams. 

The e:isLcrn shore is washed by Delaware Bay ; in ail its length it has no good harbors, but generally presents long 
sandy beaches to the waves. To remedy this inconvenience, the General Government lias constructed the Delnwaro 
Breakwater, opposite the village of Lewestown, and above Cape ITenlopen: it consists of two piers, one ofwliieh is 
designed to form a shelter from the fury of the waves, which roll in here vnlh great violence, and the otiier to afford 
protection from the masses of floating ice brought down by the et>b tide. The l>reakwater proper is 2.7^^5 foot h^ng at the 
biiUom, or 2,030 feet above high water, 75 feet wide at low water mark, and raiseii lo feet above low, or 3 f ct above high 
water mark. The ict>breaker is 1,710 feet iu length at bottom, and l.:t7s at top. of the same breadth as the breakwater, 
but only 9 feet in height. The whole work has cost nearly $-3,000,000. PLelMlmth Bay, and the estuary, called Indian 
I'iver, are the only arms of the sea extending inland : these, about 9 miles south of Cape Henlopen, are spacious but 
shallow basins, not admitting vessels of more than t) feet draft. Cape False is the headland forming the south side of their 
common inlet from the ocean. 

The first Kuropean settlers of Delaware were Swedes and Dutch, and their posterity still remain here, but have become 
merge<l in the more numerous body of other origins. There are a largy number of blacks in the Slate, constituting one- 
fourlli of the whole population, but of these only a small portion is held in slavery. The first census of which there is any 
record, was that of 16S'2, when there were about 3,0U0 inhabil;inLs in the State ; in 1700 the estimated number was G.OOO, 
and in 1750 it had risen to 25,000. The first United States' census, taken in 1790, gives the whole population at 59,090, 
and from that period its decennial movements have been as follows : 

Colured Persons. Increate. 

Date of Wliite , ^ , Tut.-ii , > , 

Census. Persons. Free. Slavt;, Poptiblitin. Wuinerirai. Fen^eriL 

1790 46,310 3,^99 8,8S7 f)9,09G 



ISOO 49,852 8,36S 6,153 64.273 5,177 SJ 

ISIO 55,361 13^136 -1,177 72.674 S,401 13.T 

1S20 55.2o2 12.95S 4,5ii9 72.749 75 0.1 

ls30 57,601 15,^55 3.292 7):.74S 3.999 5.4 

1S40 5S,561 16.919 2,6n5 K.iX^ 1,337 1.7 

IboO 71,259 17,957 2,2S9 91.535 13.450 17.3 

Of the total population, in T^SO, there were persons deaf and dumb, 'i-^x blind, 46; insane. 70 ; and idiotic, 101. 

The State of Delaware is divided into 3 counties and 25 hundreds. The counties are Newcastle, in lite north ; Kent, iu 
the middle ; and Sussex, in the south. Xewcastle County is subdivided into 9 hundreds, viz. ; Appoquiunimiidi. Br.'indy 
wine, Christiana, Mill Creek, Newcastle, Pencader, Eed Lion, St. Georiic's, and White Clay Creek, and contains an area 
of 271,490 acres. Kent County is subdivided into 6 hun<ireds, viz. : Dover, Duck Cre^-k, Little Creek. Motln-r or .Mnrdi-r 
Kill, Milford, and Mispilion, and contains an area of 392.660 acres. And Su^s'-v County is subdivided into lo hnudreds, 
viz.: Broad Kill, Broad Creek, Baltimore. Cedar Creek, Dagsborough. Indian i;iver, Litile Creek, Lewes and Heli'ibolli, 
Nanticoke, and North-Wesl Fork, and contains an area of 636.100 acres. 

Agriculture is t\w principal occupation of the inhabitants ; but in the north, where there is nl)undance of water-power, 
mauulactures have long been in existence, and are in a very flourishing condition. Commerce and trade are also exten- 
sive, and the whale fisheries have been prosecuted with success from Wilmington. The st.atistics of the wealth and 
industry of the State in 1^50, as exhibited in the census, etc., of tliat year, were as follows: 

Occupied Lfnuls, etc. — Improved lands, 5S0.S62 acres; and unimjirovod lands. 37o,2>2 acres — valued together at the 
sum of $lf!,SSO,031. Number of farms, 6,063. Value of farming implements and machinery, ii;510.279. 

/Jrt'-Stoc^'. — Horses, 13,S52 ; asses and mules, 791 ; milch ows, 19,24S; working oxeUj 9,797 ; 'iiticr c:i(t!e, 24,16i); 
sheep. 27,503 ; and swine, 56,261 — valued in the aggregate at $I,S49.2S1. 

Grain Crops. — Wheat, 4S2,251 bushels: rye. S,066 bushels; Indian corn. 3.145,533 bushels; oats, 604.51S buMluIs ; 
barley. 56 bushels; and buckwheat, S,015 bushels. 

Ot/ier Croj)fi.—VQas and beans. 4,120 busluds; Irish potatoes, 2 iO.542 liushels; sweet potatoes, 65.413 bushels; hay, 
80,159 tons; elover-seed, 2.525 bushels ; other grass-seed, 1.41^)3 bushels; hops. 34S pounds: water-rotted hemp, 570 tons; 
flax, 11,050 pounds; flax-seed, S5S bushels; molasses, 50 gallons; wine. 145 gallons, ete. T!i'' value of orchard products 
amounted to $46..574: and the value of market-garden products, to .•fl2.7I4. 

rrochicts of Aniimil'i. — Wool, 57.765 pounds: butter. l,t'55,30S pouiuls: cheese. ".I'-T pnunds ; and the value of animals 
slaughtered in the year, ^.373,605. Beeswax and honey were produced to (he amount of 41.24^ pouurls. 

Ihnne-mude inanvfiictnrf.^ fur the year ending 1st June, 1>50. were value<l at -'J3S.121. 

J/tfnw/t/cfifmf.— Aggregate capital invested in manufactures, ?o.0(;o.oOit: value of raw nnitcrial, fuel. etc.. consumed, 
$0,000,000; average number of hands employed, 00,060— males, OO.Oio, and fi-males. fl.OnO; average monthly cost, of 
labor— male, $000,009, and female, $00,000; annual value of manufarUircd articles produced. ^^O.fiOO.Oi'D. Tlie whole 
numberof manufacturing establishmenLs producing to the v:due of *.V)0 and upward in lS5't. M-as 513; and of these. 13 
were cotton factories. S woolen mills, 15 estabhshmcn's engaged in manufticturing iron, vi/„: 13 iu manufacturing c::stings, 
and 2 wrought iron, and 16 tanneries. In the coiton manufactures, the capita! invested amounted lo ;f460,O0O ; the eoUon con- 

173 



DELAWARE. 



suraed in the year, 4,7.'^0 bales of 400 pounds ; and tlie value of all raw material, $312,0ftS ; hands employed — male 413 
and ft male 425 ; monthly eost of labor— male 5G,32C, and female $4,92G ; pruducla for the year, 3,521,636 yards sheeting 
etc., and 533,000 pounds yarn, valued together at $53S,4;i9. The eapilal invested in the icoolen manufacture was 
$14S,500; wool consumed, 393,000 pounds; value of all raw material. $204,172; average hands employed — male 122. and 
female IS; monthly cost of labor — male $2,293 and female $312; annual products, 152,000 yards of cloth, etc., valued in the 
aggregate at $251,010. In the mannfiicture of castings, the capital invested was $313,500; the value of raw malerial, 
fuel, etc., $153,852 ; hands employed, 250, at average wages per month, $23.36. Castings manufactured in the year, 3.630 
tons ; and value of entire products, $267,462, of which $55,000 was the value of articles other than eastings. The capit;il 
invested in wrought iron manufactures, amounted to $15,000; value of raw materials, $19,500; hands cmpkycd, 50 
males, at average monthly wages of $24.19 ; tons of wrought iron made in the year preceding, 550 ; and Talue of entire 
products, f 55,000. In the tanneries, the capital employed amounted to $99,:350; the value of hides and skins used, $'J9.620; 
hands employed, 108, costing monlhly. $2,530 ; number of skins tanned, 12,950, and of sides of leather, 52,100— together 
valued at $16;i,7^. The remaining employments of the aggregate number(513) are various, but in the main consist of 
mills for flouring, grist-mills, saw-mille, gunpowder-mills, paper-mills, emitheries, etc.; and in the north are several 
machine-shops. Some salt is made from sea-water at Lewes and Kehoboth, and considerable ship-building is carried on 
at Wilmington. 

Foreigii Commerce. — The direct foreign commerce of Delaware is very inconsiderable, as the importations and expor- 
tations of the State are chiefly effected through Baltimore, New York, and Philadelphia, especially the latter port; the 
coasting trade, however, is extensive and active. During the year ending 30th June, 1S50, no direct imports or exports 
are recorded in the Treasury returns. The amount of shipping owned within the State at the above date amounted to 
16,719 tons, of which 1,651 tons was of the class "registered," 14,039 tons of the class "licensed and enrolled," and 447 
tons small licensed craft under 20 tons. The shipping sailed by steam-power amounted to 2,774 tons. There were 
built within the year 16 vessels, of an aggregate burden of 1,S4S tons, viz.: 12 schooners, 3 eloops, and 1 steamer. The 
following table will exhibit the movement of foreign commerce in the State from 1791 to 1S50 : 



Yenrs. 

1791... 
1792... 

1793 93.569 

1794 207,986 

1795 168,041 

1796 201,142 

1797 9S,929 

1793 lS3,7-27 

1799 297,065 

ISOO 418,695 

1801 602,042 

1802 440,504 

1S03 428,158 

1B04 697,396 

1805 368,383 

1806 600,106 

1807 229,275 

180S 108,735 

1809 138,036 

1810 120,342 



Exports. Imports. 

$119,879 $ 

138,972 



Years. Exports. Importa. 

ISll $88,632 % 

1813 29,744 ■ 

1813 133,432 

1814 14,914 

1815 106.102 

1816 66,217 

1S17 44,854 

1818 81.525 ■ 

1819 29,828 

1S20 89,493 

. 86,445 ... 



1821 . 
1822. 
1823. 
1824. 
1825. 
1S26. 
1827. 
1828. 
1829. 
1830. 



. 80,997 

168,492 216,969 

6S,.S37 60,124 

18,964 12,080 

81,666 18,698 

36,195 10,009 

9,406 6,993 

29,396 16,260 

7,195 24,179 

62,268 26,674 



Years. 


Exports. 


Iir.ports. 


1881 


... $84,614 ... 


.. $21,656 


1882 


... 16.242 ... 


. . 23,653 


1S.88 


.. 4,'),911 ... 


9.04:S 


isa 


.. 51.945 ... 


. . IS.6.493 


1S35 


.. 88,826 ... 


.. 10.611 


18-36...'.. 


.. 74.9.31 ... 


.. 107.063 


1S37 


_. 40,3.3;i ... 


. . 66.841 


18:i8 


... 36,844 ... 


1,348 


1S39 


8,680 ... 


nor;e 


1840 


.. 87,001 ... 


802 


1841 


.. 38,585 ... 


3,276 


1842 


... 6.3,655 ... 


3,.>37 


1843 


.. 95,682 ... 


4.6S5 


1S44 


.. 120,177 ... 


8,093 


1846 


.. 183,195 ... 


2.274 


1846 


.. 146,222 .. 


.. 11.515 


1847 


.. 235.469 ... 


.. 12,722 


1S4S 


.. 83,063 ... 


490 


1849 


.. 83,229 ... 


1,400 


1860 


none 


none 



IiU^rnul Communication, — Except in the north, where the State is crossed by a canal and two railroads, the lines of 
travel are over ordinary tarnpilie and M'Adam roads. The Chesapeake and Delaware Canal is an important work, 
connecting those bays by a channel navigable for sea-going vessel.'*; it extends from Delaware City, 46 miles below 
I'hiladclphia, to Back Creek, a navigable branch of Elk Itiver, in Maryland, 13J miles, and is 66 feet wide at the top .nnd 
10 feet deep, and it has two tide and two lift locks. The deep cut in this canal is 4 miles in length, through a hill 9'l feet 
high. The work was completed in 1829, at a cost of $2,250,000. The Newcastle and Frenchtown K. K. extends alao 
across the peninsula, between the Delaware and the Chesapeake. lOi miles, and, in connection with steamboats at each 
terminus, forms a convenient line of Iransporlation between Philadelphia and Baltimore. The riiil.adelphia, Wilmington, 
and Baltimore K. E. crosses Delaware further norlh, and is the nearest land line between those cities, nnd the usual route 
taken by travelers between the Northern and Southern States. These are all the completed works of internal improve- 
ment wilhin the State, but there are others projected and in progress, the object of which are principally to form a .lireet 
line from New York to Norfolk in Virginia, and incidentally to afford accommodation to the agrictUttiralisls of the 
southern sections. 

JSnnks, ete.—Oxi the 1st day of January, 1851, there were in Delaware six banks and three branch banks. The 
aggregate condition of these at that date was as follows : ZJoJ.!7;(tV.s— capitid, $1.29.'!.185 ; circulation, $'8S.9liO ; il. -posits. 
$592,705; other liabilities, $170,873; and as.sf;*— loans and discounts, $2,284,813 ; stocl;.s, $52,988: real estate, $1 17.041 ; 
other investment.s, $2,ii00 ; other assets, $281,145 : specie funds, $51,122, and specie, $169,778. 

Gocernm-ent.—'nx present constitution of Delaware gives the right of voting to all free white male citizens 21 years 
old, and who have resided in the Suite one year and in the county in which Ihey offer to vote one month next before an 
election. 

The legislature, styled the General Assembly, consists of a Senate and House of Keprcsentativcs. Senators, three from 
each county, must be at least 27 years old, possessed of 200 acres of tyeeliold land in tlie county, or of an estate therein 
worth $1,C00, citizens and inhabitants of the State for three years, and for the last year of the county, nnd must be 
chosen in counties for the term of four years, llepresentativcs must In- at least 24 ycjirs old, and have the same rjualifl- 
cations as senators, except as regards the property qualiflcalion, and must h(- chosen f.ir two years. The legislature 
meets at Dover on the lirst Monday in January biennially 
» 174 



DELAWARE. 



Delaware sends only one Keprcscntnlive to the Federal Consress. 

The Governor (elected for four years by a plurality of votes) must be at leaat ;J0 yeMrs old, a citizen of the Slate for 
twelve years next before tlie first meeting of the legislature after his election, and an inhabitant for the last six years. 
The President of the Senate, the Speaker of the Representatives, and the Secretary of State are successively alleniates 
to HU the office should it become vacant by death or disability of the Governor; but in case the offlce be Ulled by the 
Secretary of State, the General Asserably. at its next session, chooses a Governor ad itiUvn/n. If the Governor elect die, 
decline, etc., the Governor in office continues until a rtew election is had. The Secretary of State is appointeil by the 
Govenior. The general elections are held on the secontl Tuesday of November. 

The Judiciary consists of a Superior Court, Court of Chancery, Orphans' C^^u^t, etc. There are five judges in the 
State, one of whom is Chancellor and President <>( the Orphans' Court, and of the other four, one is Chief Justice of the 
State, and tliree associate justices, one resident in eaeli county. The Chief Justice anil two of the associates form ttie 
Superior Court and Court of General Session, and all the judges, except the Chancellor, form the Court of (>yiT and 
Terminer. The Court of Errors and Appeals is composed of three or more of the judges. The Orphans' Court consists 
of thi^ Chancellor and the associate judge of the county. Judges are appointed and hold office during good behavior. 
The Uegister's Court is held by the Kegister, with appeal to the Superior Court, and all proceedings are in writing. 

The constitution provides that no act of incorporation shall be passed without a two-third vote, unless it be the renewal 
of nn existing incorporation ; and all acts are to contain a power of revocation by the legislature. No act herealler 
passed shall be in force longer than twenty years without a re-enactment of the legislature. No person belonging to the 
mililar}', naval, or marine service of the I'nitcd States can gain such a residence as will entitle him to vote by being 
Btationed at any military or naval post in the State. 

Finances, et-c. — The government of Delaware is one of the least expensive in the Union. In 1^50 the whole incrtme 
amounted to only $-31,863 33. and the expenditure to a sum $5,071 41 less than the income. The sources of income 
were — bank tax. $3,963 61 ; railroad tax, $2,500 ; interest on loans, $.').147 62 ; bank dividends, $15. ^O.'i ; retailers' licenses, 
etc., $4,352 80; fines, etc.. $549 81, and sundries, $45 49. The expenditures were — executive. $3,333 ^3: legislature, 
$2,010 97; judiciary, $5,500: school fund. $]5/J47 6-', and balance, $5.071'41. The resources of the State are amply 
sufficient to meet all expenses of the government without recourse to personal or property tax. The invested capital of 
the State (including school moneys) amounLs to $414,725 83, and the permanent annual income is as follows : dividends 
and interest nn loans, $20.(T>2 64; taxes on corporations, $5,725; retailers' and tavern licenses, $4,352 80; flues and 
forfeitures, $549 81, and sundries. $1,073 75. The State is IVee from debt of any description. 

Iiirli{iioiis Denominationf:. — The statistics of the several religious denominations, as given by each severally, in 1S50, 
were as follows: the Protestant Episcopal had a bishop, 16 clergymen, 537 communicants; the Unman Catholics had 
4 churches (at Brandywine, Delaware City, Newcastle, and 'Wilmington), and 3 priests; the Baptists (regular) had 1 
church, 2 ordained and 2 licensed ministers, and 352 members; the Baptists (anti-missiiHi) had 10 churches. 3 ordained 
and -J licensed preachers, and 835 members; the Presbyterians (O. S.) belong to the Synod of Philadelphia and Presby- 
tery of Newcastle, and had 17 ministers and 1.276 member.s; the Presbyterians (N. S.) belong to the Synod of Penn- 
ajdvania and Presbytery of Wilmington, and had 15 clergy and 1.324 members; the Methodists have about 20 ministers, 
and are more numerous thaa any other single denomination; and tliere are also a considerable number of Quakers in 
the State. 

EducatiMwl StatiMics.—Thc number of free schools in the State in 1850, was 200. and of scholars attending them 
I3.2SS, divided as follows: Newcastle County, 72 schools and 4,969 scholars; Kent County. 55 schools and 3.ST6 scholars, 
and Sussex County, 82 schools and 4.443 scholars. The total amount paid for tuition was ^3^^.461 7o, viz. : in Newcastle, 
$17,293 72 ; in Kent, $10,964 72, an<i in Sussex. $10,203 26 ; and there was a sum charged for contingencies aniountiug 
to $5,747 ^^, making the annual cost, $44,209 3S. The sources whence the.«e moneys were derived are staled (bus— from 
-(^hool Fund. $27,507 33, and from contribution and tax, $17,039 56. Besides these there are between 34 and 40 
aeademies and grammar schools in the State. Delaware College, at Newark, was founded in jS33, and in l'^5'i had a 
president, 5 professors, and 3o students ; its alumni at that period numbered 7S. of which 42 were in the iiiiiiisiry. and 
its librarj' contained 7,000 volumes. St. Mary's College, at Wilniini^ton, is under the sway of the Bonian Calholifs. and 
is. perhaps, the best literary institution of the State ; in 1S50 it had a president and 3 prof.";s<>rs. and 107 I'tudents. 

Pefiodical f^ess.~1hc whole number of newspapers published in Delaware in l^fiO was 11. and of these 2 were 
issued tri-weekly, 1 semi-weekly, and S weekly (of the weekly, however. 3 are editions of the tri-weeklies and the semi- 
weekly newspapers). The total circulation of each edition of the Iri-weekiies was l,9iin, ol the semi-weekly l.OitO. and 
'•f the weeklies 4.600 copies^in the aggregate equal to 12,300 copies weekly, or 630.fi':0 copies annually. 

I/ixton'cal Sl-etch.— Lord De la War. Governor of Virginia, appears to have been the first to enter the bay which 
tlience took his name. This was in 1610. The Dutch, from whom the names of its capies are derived, frequented it 
-oi>n after, and had a post at IIa*renkill. but the precise date of their arrival is uncertain. Tlie bay was by them called 
Nieuw Port 5Iay, or Gcedyn's Bay. and the river Zuyd Itivier, or South Eive.r. The Swedish W. I. Company, chartered 
:n 1G:*5 by Oxenstiem sent out in 1637 a ship with a body of colonists under Peter Menewe or iMinuits. In the following 
>-ar Minuits seated himself on the Maniques, now Brandywine liiver. and there built Fort Christina. The Dutch, 
li.-wever. had never rehnquished their claim in this region, and in If'i.'M they built Fort C'assimir on the site of New- 
i aslle. The subsequent settlements of the Swedes were mostly within the present limits of Pennsylvania, where New 
<;ottenburg (Nya-Goetheborg). the capital of New Sweden (Nya-Sveriga). was ftmnded on the Island of Tinicum. In 
16.">5 H small force from New Amsterdam reduced the Swedi-^ih settlements, which were incorporated with New Nether- 
lauds, and with that colony taken possession of by the English in 1664. The settloments on the Delaware, altliouL'h this 
retrion fell within the chartered limits of Maryland, were attached to the province of New York until 16>1. when they were 
pureha.'^ed of the Duke r>f Vork by William Penn, who annexed them to Pennsylvania under the name of the '/Vrn'torie.t, 
<T the Thffe L(ncer Counties on th^ Delaicnre. They continued .subordinate to that province, though with a distinct 
leuislalure. from 1701 until 1776, when Delaware declared itself an independent St.nte, and a constitution was framed by the 
inhabitants thereof. By this constitution the executive power was vested in a President and Privy Council, elected by 
the legislature. In 1792 a new constitution was framed, which was modified in 18^2. in 183]. and in 1838 ; and it is now 
again proposed to alter the fundamental law. The )»rineipal provisions of the present coTistilulinn are given elsewhere. 
Delaware has hitherto been one of the least progressive of the American State;-, but within the last decade its population, 
material wealth, and general interests have been developed in a very respoctab'e ratio. 

Dover is the capital of the State. 



DEL 



DEL 



These connect it with the 



T.r.,i,„.,l bv numerous tributaries of MnU.iquet.i r., , gcuLr.u j m-inuraclures, tra<Ie. and commerce. The 

':Z X^t!:^^^ CO. from N. W. to S. K, furn^- | g~^ '^^^^^^C'en^), ™<1 'he "^^--f;"- 

,V„„at au,l Indian corn "^J^^^^,^, dwell. I barrier, nor is there one 
attention is given to slock. J^ arms 1,00* . u _ _. 



1 ST4 'ancr p^op-^vh. tO,S;59, fr. col. 4-tol-,a 1U.S43. C^pi- 
i',V. MuiKieu'wn. /'"W/c H «-*..• Indianapolis and B«llo 

ri/loam, sometimes stony. Dense forest cover a giea 
nortimi of the land. Grain and grass are produced abund 

b ng second onry in quality to that of ^'-'^f-^^-^^^Z. 
ber S floated lo market on the Delaware and Susquehanna 
'wc^. Farms 4.T4T; manuf. 43. ; ^1;-"- TA»5 ..nd pop- 
wh39«S,fr.col.2l)6-loUil39.sa4. £■<-;><«<'(• Delhi. ru>j 

s;r-:s;xUrti,it;^.^u-t-^,c- 



barrier nor is there one for several hundred m. h. frora 
New York. To partially remedy this inconvemcncc^ *e 
UnUed States G ivernment have erected a magnificent 
brektat:rwithi„CapelIc„l,pen. Theam-h^^^^^^ 
„, rn.,aBtead is in a cove directly west of Ihe C.ip'-. tue 
sr:;"rdcnd of the >.-uKwaterres.on^he^.. end 
0? an extensive shoal, called the Shears, about 2 m. M. of the 
Cape. (.See Diil.AWAi>E, The State of). 
^TBt..;AKE river: rises in two "ranches on .1,^ • sl^ 
of Catskill Mountains, in the Slate of I<ew 1 olk-t e Mo- 
^r^Ualn ..-h viscs^- --;• ^X^^T; 

rtuntvlcarTv 50 m. to the E. line of Broome County, wuhin 

:0 m of thelutquehannar., and turning suddenly U ,«.r- 

« V course of 5 m. to Ihe rcnnsylvania line, m 42° 

■rTat^m.b.™ Which i, receives the I'opacton branc_h 

^;r«;e".'E. This -nch^^Vcrir^brr;::: 
;::;:;::i:i;:-;r;:,r=.'-^"- fiction on^ 

K. a. "rpenter^ro^nt, and the mouths 

hit a« <- "P™'^" . , , „„, b^e of the Kiltanmg 

then turns to the *•.»■' ^"™- '.__,„,,,„„„,„,..•„, by 



Hrxrr^s^tfSS =i=^^^ 



Columbus, and Cincinnati U. It. , bprm^uci , 
non and I'iltsburg 11 11 etc. ^^^ 

""•■"Vrrsn'm" Dr in dbv- ^H V, Kidley. and Chester 
"" u'o DeH'rare f h > forms ifs S. E. borders. The 

:::;r s m der'e,^^^ •-■' "-« - "' -^^ f-'ir 

1 ^, H^'ullivaU-d. Its agricultural products aro wheat, 
T' t° orn 'mn.">:Uocs, besLies which it furnishes an 
Indian corn, •'"\1,' ' , f^„ ,^e Philadelphia mar- 

S™uir:tl;X:::^[<sman„.e,uring interest 

crockery, anu pupt-i. .^ <• 1 ^. ^.-^ 

ills and pop.-wh. 23.1-2U, fr. col. 1.0..D-tntal 24.0 ,1. 
t'',,/ Chester /'«'*•'■ ""'*»•■ I'l'ilaJ'^ll'l'i^' «"t ^"- 

^'-DLt.a.p. .., Jersey CO., It,.: in the N.E. part of the 
-i^ir:;^:pr"^X^o.,.,..:..tn.S.E. Indian 

Dr.L,vwAKK, I. . nd p. V 11 ^^ ., ,i,, „„ 

"t::!t;r::;ra::r.^e.i™a.c.a..o:onu. 

W. bank of Ihe OleaUngy or ^^^^^^1^ ^i,„ 
„nd wealth. It lies on the line ^ - ^^^ "•'„,„„,„,, „„a 

^;;;e:;;:;rrr:-H':;T^d^.ahout.tn.to 

no 



b autilul and fertile islands. Through "- ^ 'P \^„^„t 
built a railroad, connecting the Wyoming coal-flcld of 1 enn 
Xnia VI ith he Eastern m,.rke.s. The view of the gap ., 

by the course of the nver and ""'J >f ^ ;'.";™, f„ „„„p, 
„„d 45 m. from the entrance ■"'" ^ <^ J^'^^;^ ' ^^^vethe 

nualy transported, there is aiau " ., tril.ularv 

Ci V 4' miles below Philadelphia, to Back cr., . triMilary 
orElk'r" Which falls into Chesapeake Bay, this opens a 



DEL 



DEN 



navigable eoniiiiiinication between Bnllimore iin<l Philudel- 
pliia, clc. Several bridges cross the Delaware, the lowest 
of whioh is at Trenton. 
Delaware Briiige, p. o., Sullivan co., J^. T. 
Delaware Citt, p. v., Newcastle CO., Z>el. : on the 'W. 
side of Delaware r., 2S m. N. by W. Dover, and about 43 m. 
bt^Iow Philadelphia. The Chesapeake and Delaware Cana! 
has its E. terminus at this point, and the village has several 
warehouses, stores, and about 60 dwellings. 

Delaware Gkove, p. o., Mercer co., Femu : 2QS m. 
W. N. W. Harrisburg. 

Delay, p. o., La Fayette co., Miss. : 142 m. N. by E. 
Jackson. 

DELErTABLE HiLL, p. V., Piko CO., Ind. : 100 m. S. "W. 
Indianapolis. 
DELin, p. v., Jersey co., Pi. : 64 m. S. S. "W. Springfield. 
Delui, p. v., and cap. Delaware co., la.: on a cr. of 
M:ik«.<piela r., 56 m. N. by E. Iowa City. It is situated in 
thu ct-utre of the co., and about 3 m. N. E. of Makoqueta 
river. 

Delhi, t., p. v., and cap. Delaware co., JNI Y. : 66 m. 
W. S. W. Albany. The surfaco is somewhat broken by 
several tributaries of Delaware r., which here unite and 
form the Mohawks or W. branch of that river. The soil in 
tlie valleys is highly ferlile. The v. is pleasantly situate on 
a plain, W. of the Jlohawks, and contains about SOD inhab- 
itants. It has a substantial court-h-mso and jail, an incor- 
porated academy, numerous factories, mills, and mechanic 
shops, and between 25 and 30 stores. Two newspapers are 
issued weekly, the " D. Express" (whig;, and the " D. Ga- 
zette" (ilem.) Delhi has a daily connection with CalskUl 
and Kingston by stages. Pop. 2,909. 

Delhi, p. v., "VVinuGbago co., Wise: 79 m. N. N. E. 
Madison. 
Delhi Centre, p. o., Ingham co., Mich. : 7 m. S. Lansing. 
Dellona, p. v., Sauk co., Wi^c. : on Dell or. of 'Wisconsin 
r., 23 m. N. W. Madison. 

Delphi, p. v., and cap. Carroll co., Znd..- on the high N. 
bank of Deer er., one mile from its confluence with the 
Wabash r., and on the line of the Wabash and Erie Canal, 
66 in. N. W. Indianapolis. It contains a court-house and 
other pulilie offices, 5 churches, about 200 dwellings, and 
1,200 inhabitants, and here are published the " Weekly 
Times" (dem.l, and the "Delphi Journal" (whig), both 
issuc<t wifckly. It has an active canal business, and is a 
depflt of a very ferlile, extensive, and rapidly-improving 
neighborhood. 

Delphi, p. v., Gasconade co., 3fo. : on the N. side of 
Bourbeuse cr. of Maramec r.. 42 ra. S. E, Jefferson City. 

Delphi, t. and p. o., Hamilton co., 0/i>o: on the N. side 
of the Ohio r., between Cincinnati and South Bend, 106 m. 
B. W. Columbus. The Cincinnati and St. Louis R. E. 
passes through it. Pop. 1,942. 

Delphi, p. v., Onondaga co.. K. T. : on the W. side of 
Limestofie cr., a tributary of Chittenango cr., 21 m. S. E. 
Syracuse, and 112 W. by N. Albany. It has about 40 
dwellings and 300 inhabitants. 

Dklphos, p. v.,Van Wert co., Ohio: on the Miami Canal. 
96 m. N. W. Columbus. 

DEi.pirroN, p. v., Fayette co., Xy. : 201 m. E. by S, 
Frankfort. 

Delieat, p. o., rpson county, Ga. : 72 m. W. by S. 
Milledgeville. 

Delta cuunty, Mich. Situate between Lake Michigan 
and the Menomonee r., and contains about 2,160 sq. ra. 
Erected since l'?50. 
Delta, p. v., Parke co.. Inrl. : 96 m. W. Indianapolis. 
Delta, t. and p. o.. Eaton co.. Mii-h. : 4 m. W. Lansing. 
Grand r. runs through the N. and E. parts of the t. P. 242". 
Delta, p. v., Coahoma co., J/m. .■ on the E. bank of the 
Mississippi r., immediately below the Yazoo Bayou, 133 m. 
K. by W. Jackson. 
Delta, p. v., Oneida co., iV. Y. : on the W. side of Mo- 

13 



hawk r. antl the Black Kiver Canal, 90 hl W. N.W. Albany 
It has several factories and mills, and about ;iOO inhnbitanta. 
Delta, p. v.. Fullnn co., Ohio: on a cr. of Maumee r.,123 
m. N. N. W. Columbus. 

Democracy, p. v., Knox co., Ohio: on the line of the 
Springfield, Mount Vernon, and Pittsburg P.. K., 46 m. N. E 
Columbus. 

Democracy, p. v., Pike county, -ffy. ; 153 ra. E. S. E. 
Frankfort. 

Democeat, p. v., Buncombe co., J\\ Car. : 233 m. W. 
Kaleigh. 

Democrat, p. o., Iroquois county. III : 123 m. N. E. 
Springfield. 

Demopous, p. v., Marengo co., AUi. : on the E. si<le of 
Tombigbee r., a little below the confluence of Black Warrior 
r., 92 m. W. by N Montgomery. It is a flourishing v., has 
considerable commerce, and a population i>f80O souls. 
Demos, p. v., Belmont co., Ohio: 114 m. E, Columbus. 
Dempseytown, p. v., Venango co., Penn. : 173 m.W. N.W, 
Harrisburg. 
Denmark, v., Iroquois co., III. : 128 ra. N. E. Springfield, 
Denmark, p. v., Lee co., la.: about 3 ni. S. of Skunk r., 
and 63 S. by E. Iowa City. 

Denmark, t. and p. o., Oxford co., Me.: on the N. side 
of Saco r.. 56 m. 8.W. Augusta. It is a fine wheat-growing 
section. Pop. 1,243. 

Denmark, t. and p. v., Lewis co., K. Y. : on the W. side 
of Black r., 126 m. N. W. Albany, and drained chiefly by 
Deer cr. Surface somewhat hilly, and soil, rich loam, on a 
limestone basis. The v. lies on the river bank, and contains 
about 30 dwellings and 2fc;u inhabitants. Pop. of t. 2.2^. 

Denmark, t. and p. o., Ashtabula co., Ohio : 163 m. N. E. 
Columbus. Pop. 241. 

Denmark, p. v., Madison co., Tenn. : on a cr. of Big 
Hatchie r., 183 m. W. S. W. NashviUe. 
Dennino, p. v.. Ulster co., JV. }'. ; 67 m. 8. by W. Albany, 
Dennis, t. and p. v., Barnstable co., 3Iam. : 64 m. S. E. 
Boston. The t. extends across Cape Cod. The v. lies on 
Cape Cod Bay. Salt is here procured in large qu-antitics by 
the evaporation of sea-water. The inhabitants own consid- 
erable tonnage, which is engaged in coasting and the shore 
flsheries. Poj). 3,257. 

Dennis' Creek, p. o.. Cape May co., JV; Jer. : on Dennis 
cr., a tributary of Delaware r., 69 m. S. Trenton. 

Dennis' Mills, p. o., St. Helena par.. La.: 86 m. N. E. 
Baton Rouge. 

Dennison's Corners, p. o., Herkimer co., N. Y. : 72 m. 
N. E. Albany. 

Dennistille, p. v., Amelia county, Virg. : 39 m. S. W, 
Richmond. 
Denny, p. o., Warren co.. III. : S6m. N. W. Springfield. 
Dennysville, t. and p. o., Washington co., Me.: on the 
N. E. of Denny's river of Cobscook Bay, 131 m. E. by N. 
Augusta. 
Denoon, p. v., Waukesha co., Wi.^c. : 55 ra. E. Madison. 
Densontown, p. v.. Rankin co., MitiS. 
Dent county. Mo. Situate S. E. centrally, and contains 
576 sq. m. Draineil in the N. by tributaries of Maramec r., 
and in the S. the head waters of Current r., all of which have 
their sources in a chain of hills, and traverse the co. in an 
E. and W. direction. Organized since 1S50. 

Dent, p. o., Hamilton co., Ohio : 100 m. S. W. by W 
Columbus. 

Denton county. Tcir. Situate N.,and contains 960 sq. m. 
Drained by the upper streams of Trinity r., which here 
spread widely over the whole co. Surface elevated and 
well wooded. Soils of extraordinary fertility. Farms 81; 
manuf. ; dwell. I'i9. and pop.~wh. 631, fr. col. 0, si. 10— 
total 641. Capital: Alton. 

Denton, p. v., and cap. Carohne co., Md. : on the E. 
Bido^of Choptank r..39 m. E. by S. Annapolis, It is a place 
of considerable trade, and contains a substantial court- 
house, three churches, a bank, etc. 

17T 



DEN 



DET 



Benton Cbeee, p. v., Denton po., T&t. ; on Denton 
Fork of Trinity r., 216 m. N. by E. Austin City. 

Dknville, p. v., Morris co., JV'. Jer.: 46 m. N. by E. 
Trent<^n. 

Depanville, p. v., Jefferson co., 2^. T. : at the falls of 
Catfish cr., 15S ra. N. W, Albany. It contains several mills 
and about 30 dwellingra. 

De Petster, t and p. v., St. Lawrence co., 2f. T. : on 
the S. of Blaek Lake and Oswegatchic r., 152 ra. N. "W". 
Albany. The soils are excellent — surface undulating. The 
rillage is a email agricoltural settlement, containing about 
40 inhabitants. 

De Piehe, p. v., and cap. Brown co., Wise. : on the E. 
side of the Neenah or Fox r., 112 m. N. N. E. Madison. It 
is situated at the Do Piere rapids, which afford immense 
water-power. It is a tillage of great expectations. 

Deposit, p. v., Delaware co., y, T. : on the N. side of 
Delaware r., 90 m. S. W. Albany. The New York and 
Erie R. K. passes through the place, IS" m. from New York 
and 2S2 m. from Dunkirk. It has long been noted as a place 
of deposit for lumber floated doivn the Delaware, and has 
otherwise an extensive and valuable trade. The population 
is now about SOO souls. The "D. Courier" is published 
weekly. 

Derby, t. and p. v., New Haven co., Conn. : 36 m. S. S. W. 
Hartfort^ Drained by Naugatuck r. and other streams of 
the Houeatonic r., which last washes its S. W. border. The 
principal village is situated at the head ofaloop navigation, 
on the E. side of the Housatonic. just below the confluence 
of the Naugatuck, 12 m. from the sound. It has consider- 
able coasting trade. The t. has numerous manufactures, 
chiefly of wool and cotton. Pop. 8,S24. 

Deebt, L and p. v.. Orleans co., Verm. : 55 m. N. by E. 
Mootpelier, Lake Mcmphremagog bounds it on the W., 
and the interior is drained by Clyde r., which rises in 
Salem Pond, and affords water-power. The country is here 
well timbered and the lands fertile. Pop. 1,750. 

Dkeby Lise, Orleans co., Verm.: 5S m. N. by E. 
Montpelier. 

DEnicssoN's Cnoss Koais, p. c, Worcester co., JTd. : on 
the S. Bide of Aydelotto's Branch of Pocomokc r., 7S m. 
P. E. Annapolis. 

Deeky. t and p. v., Eockingham co., 2v'. I/amp. : 28 m. 
S, S. E. Concord. 4ts lands are well adapted to grazing, 
and it has gome manufactures. The village is pleasantly 
located on the E. side of Beaver r., and is intersected by 
the Manchester and Lawrence E. E., 11 m. from Man- 
Chester. Fop. oft. I,?o0. 

De R uy t e e, t. and p. v., Madison co., Ji. K ; 105 m. Vf. 
Albany. Drained by the upper stream of Tioughnioga r. 
Surface high and hilly, with soils clay and sandy loam. 
The T. on the S. E. side of the r. has about 60 dwellings 
and 350 inhabitants. Pop. oft 1,931. 

Des Arc, p. o., Prairie co., ArK: 

Desha cotinty, Ark. Situate S. E., and contains 612 sq. 
m. The Arkansas and White rivers unite in this co., and 
fall into tlie Mississippi, which borders it on the E. Bayou 
Bartholomew also traverses the co. from N. W. to S. E., be- 
sides which drainage is effected by a number of lakelets and 
creeks tributaries to the great streams above named. Sur- 
(ace low and level, subject to extensive inundations. Soils 
fertile, where susceptible of cultivation. Farms 118 ; manuf. 
2; dwell. 350, and pop.— wh. 1,675, fr. col. 56, si. 1,1C9— 
total 3,900. Capit<il: Napoleon. 

Des Moines county, la. Situate 8. E. on Mississippi r., 
and contains SS4 sq. m. Drained by Flint cr. and other 
tribntaries of the MississippL Skunk r. washes the S. bOT- 
dcr, and has also several creeks from the interior. Surface 
undulating, with high bluffs facing tlie Mississippi. Soils 
fertile. Farms 3SS; manuf. 23; dwell. 1,919, and pop.— 
wh. 12,963. tr. col. 24— total 12,987. Capihd: Buriington. 

Des Moines lake. La Porte co., /»<?. : a beautiful lake in 
the N. E. corner of the county, and is variously called Dia- 
ITS 



maugh or Dishamine, words corrupted from Des Moines, 
which signifies the Lake of the Monks. 

Des Moines river, la. : rises in the Cotean des Prairies, 
and flows in a S. E. direction, through the S. part of tho 
Ftate, and enters the Mississippi at the foot of Des Moines 
Eapids, on the boundary between Iowa and Missouri. In 
high stages of the water it is navigable 100 miles for steam- 
boats, and for keel-boats in all seasons. It is the great inte- 
rior river of the State, and ought, with propriety, to have 
given its name to it. 

De Soto pariah, La. Situate on W. border of State, be- 
tween Ecd r. on the E., and Sabine r. on tho W., and con- 
tain S2S sq. m. Drained by a number of streams tributary 
to the Sabine, and Bayou Pierre Lake. Surface much 
varied, but nowhere liilly. Bayou Pierre Lake, a large 
piece of water, occnpies tlie N. E. comer of the co. Cotton 
and Indian corn are the chief products. Farms 427 ; manuf. 
9 ; dweU. 6S5, and pop.— wh. 3,543, fir. coL 25, sL 4,446— 
total 8,019. Capntal : Mansfield. 

De Soto county, MUs. Situate N. W., and contains 840 
sq. m. Drained by Cold-Water r. and other streams flow- 
ing W. into the Mississippi r., which washes its N.W. line. 
Surface low, but not swampy, or Uable to overflows. Soils 
good, and productive of cotton, Indian com, and jiotatoes. 
Timber plentiful. Farms 1,257: manuf. 38; dwell. 1,644, 
and pop.— wh. 9,487, fi*. coL 2, sL 9,553— total 19,062. Cap- 
Hal: Hernando, 

De Soto, p. v., Jasper co., Mo. : on Drywood cr., a branch 
of Marmiton cr. of Osage r., 135 m. S. W. Jefferson City. 

Des Peres, p. v., SL Louis co., Mo. : on the r. so called, 
97 m. E. Jefferson City. 

Deseavauxville, p. v., Eapides par., La. : 107 m. N. W. 
Baton Eouge. 

Dkteoit, p. v., Pike co., lU. : 76 m. W. by S. Springfleld. 

Deteoit, p. v., Marion co., Ala.: 153 m. N. W. 
Montgomery. 

DETEorr, p. o., Somerset co., Me. 

Deteoit, p. city, and cap. Wayne co., Mich. : on the N.W 
bank of Detroit strait or river, 82 m. E. S. E. Lansing ; lat 
420 24' N., and long. S20 5S' W— 526 m. from Washington. 
The city extends along the river more than a mile and a 
haJf, the centre of it being about 7 m. fi-om Lake St. Clair 
and 18 m. from Lake Erie. The original bed of the river 
opposite Detroit, and for a mile above and about three 
miles below, varies from 4S to 52 chains in width, averag- 
ing five-eighths of a mile — the width from the docks of De- 
troit to the opposite docks of Sandwich being about half a 
mile. The depth between the docks varies from 12 to 43 
feet, averaging 32 feet ; tho descent (torn Lake St. Clau- to 
Lake Erie is about 6 feet, or 3 inches per mile; and the 
velocity of the current in the deepest part of the channel 
opposite the city is 2i m. an hour. The stream is so deep 
an<l its current so strong and uniform, that it keeps itself 
clear, and its na\igation is not affected as is that of the Mis- 
sissippi with either rocks, sandbars, trees, or fiatrf/fr.it. Its 
current also carries along the ice with a slow and uniform 
motion, so that it is never dammed up in whiter, while the 
St. Lawrence, at Montreal, is shallow and full of rocks, 
against which tho ice lodges, and often forms a dam across 
the river and raises the water from 20 to 25 feet, overflow- 
ing its low banks for miles, and sweeping off and destroy- 
ing large amounts of property. These peculiarities of the 
river make Detroit a secure and accessible harbor in all 
seasons. 

The plan of the city is rather uncouth, and labored with 
much mathematical ingenuity, better suited, it is acknowl- 
edged, to flatter the fancy than to promote practical utility. 
Upon tho river, and for 1.200 feet back, it is rectangular— in 
the rear of this triangular. The streets are spacious ; amon^ 
the more noted are the eight avenues — Madison, Michigan 
Grand, and Washington Grand avenues, each 200 feet 
wide ; Woodward. M'-nroe, Miami, Macomb, and Jefferson 
avenues, each 120 feet wide, and all, except Michigan, 



DET 



DET 



Monroe and Jcffcrs'TQ, torniinriling at one point, caUcd l\\f 
Grand Circus. The olher streets are 60 ft-et wide, and gen- 
erally cross at right angles. Atwator Street, upon the river, 
and "Woodbridge Street, running parallel wiiJi it upon the 
declivity, are mostly occupied by stores and dealers in 
heavy merchandise. Woodward Avenue, leading Irom tho 
river at right angles with Jefferson Avenue, through Camp- 
us Martius and the central part of the city, ranks as among 
the first business streets. The principal street running 
with the course of the river upon the summit of the decliv- 
ity and through the central and most densely populated 
part of the ciiy is Jefferson Avenue. Upon this are most 
of the public and private offices located, as well as the dry 
goods and fancy stores generally. The Campus Martius is 
one of the most noted of the public squares— there are 
several others. The argillaceous nature of the soil renders 
Uie streets unpleasant in wet weather, but much has already 
been effected to abate this drawback by paving and sewer- 
age. 

The city Is supplied with water from the Detroit River 
by means of a hydraulic eslablishment in the upper part of 
the city. The reservoir which contains the water is of cast 
Iron, CO feet diameter and 20 feet deep, secured by strong 
iron bolls and rivets ; supported by a circular brick l.mild- 
Ing G-2 feet in diameter, at an elevation of 47 feet from it3 
foundation. It is inclosed with a frame building, standing 
on a brick foundation, C5 feet in diameter and 24 feet high, 
with a conical roof. The reservoir is supplied by means of 
a steam-engine, which works a forcing pump that is fixed 
several feet below the surface of the river, and is found 
fully adequate to furnish an abundant supply of good and 
wholesome water to the whole city. Connected with these 
works there are said to be about 4 m. of iron pipe and 10 m. 
of tamarack logs, and 50 hydrants or Are plugs, all of which 
cost the city some $15p,00i). 

Detroit, although one of the most ancient settlements in 
North America, is, to every appearance-, and in reality, of 
recent growth. Of the ancient style of the FrencJi build- 
ings, scarcely a vestige remains. The city is mostly built 
of wood, although there are a goodly number of substan- 
tial brick buildings. The most interesting of the public 
buildings are the old State House ; the United States build- 
ings (of polished limestone) ; the State buildings for the 
Supreme Court and public offices ; the County Court Ilouse ; 
the County JaU ; the City Ilall and market ; and the Fire- 
men's Ilall. There arc also 16 churches in the city, many 
of which are worthy of special notice; of these 4 are Ko- 
man Catholic, 3 Episcopalian, 1 Presbjlerian, 1 Scotch 
Presbyterian, 1 Congregational, 8 Methodist, 2 Baptist, 1 
German Lutheran, and 1 Sailors' Bethel. The new Catholic 
Cathedral, or St, Peter's Church, is a large and substantial 
■ edifice, and being high, massive, and of good proportions. 
It has an imposing appearance. It is built of brick, and is 
IGO feet long and SI feet wide. The corner-stone was laid 
20th June, 1S45, and it was consecrated 29lh June, 1S4S. 
The Cathedral of St. Anne, known as the French Church, 
is 116 feet long by 60 feet wide. The First Presbyterian 
Church is also a good, substantial, and well-appearing brick 
edifice, with a portico and colonade m front, including 
which its length is ICO feet and its breadth CO feet. In ad- 
dition to these churches there are several religious societies 
which meet in other public buildings. 

Detroit has scTeral extensive manufactories. It has five 
large steam saw-mills, which annually tumj out upward of 
9,000,000 feet of lumber and 4.000,000 laths. These are sit- 
uated directly on the river, and receive, without the trouI>le 
of land carriage, the lumber chiefly brought down from the 
northern parts of the State. Ship and boat building is also 
a very large and important branch of business. Tliere are 
also three large foundries, with machine shops connected 
with them, which manufacture steam-engines, mill-irons, 
machiner)- of various kinds, stoves, plows, etc These em- 
ploy about 200 hands. There are also two boiler factories 



for the manufacture of boiU-rs fiir steam-engines, and sev- 
eral machine-shops for working in iron and some in brass. 
There are likewise two pail factories, a sash factory, a steam 
flouring-mill, two tanneries, and flvo breweries. Cabinet- 
making, and most other kinds of mechanical employments, 
are pm-sued to a considerable extent, and something is done 
at shoemaking, but much the largest portion of the boots 
and shoes worn in Michigan are made in Massachusetts, 
and most of the cabinet ware and coarse tlothing comes 
from New York. 

In addition to the retail trade there is a heavy wholesale 
business done in Detroit, and the amount of it is annually 
increasing. Nearly all the merchants of the interior depend 
on Detroit to replenish their stock, and a large portion of 
tJiem buy all their goods there. 

The export and import trade of Detroit is immense. The 
imports coastwise, for 1>48. are estimated at $3,502,666, and 
the exports at $2,7S1,192, and the port has also a consider- 
able trade with Canada, much of it illicit. The greater 
portion of the agricultural products of the State are shipped 
from Ibis port. The shipping belonging to or owned in the 
collection district are SO steamers, 4 propellers, 1 barge, 8 
brigs, 109 schooners, and 36 sloops — in the aggregate, 
2-3,619 tons. Eegidar lines of steamers sail and arrive daily 
to and from all parts, connecting hero with tlie Michigan 
Central R. E., and with it forming a direct line from the 
north and east to Chicago and the Mississippi, and by this 
route thousands of emigrants travel annually, and millions 
of dollars'-worth of property are transported. 

There are several charitable institutions in the city, and 
much attention has been paid to education. Among tho 
charitable institutions, the orphan asylums stand pre-emi- 
nent, and reflect much credit on the inhabitants. There are 
also several scientific and Uterary societies, as the Historical 
Society, the State Literary Institute, the Medical Society, 
etc. ITcre, also, is one of the branches of the University, 
and 3 miles above tho city is St. Philip's College; Primary 
and Public Schools are numerous, and there are a sufficient 
number of private and classical schools to supply all exi- 
gencies. 

The periodical press of Detroit consists of 3 daily newspa- 
pers, 1 tri-weekly, 7 weeklies, and 2 monthlies ; the dailies 
are, the " D. Free Press'' (dem.), which has also a tri- 
weekly and weekly issue ; the " D. Advertiser'' (whig), 
which has also a weekly issue ; and the '' Daily Tribune ;'* 
the weeklies are the " Peninsular Freeman" (free soil) ; " Le 
Citoyen'' (French) ; the "Western Advocate" (whig): the 
" New Covenant" (relig.) : and the " Michigan Christian 
Herald" (Baptist); and the monthlies are "■Wellman's 
Miscellany" (lit.) ; and the '■ Michigan Farmer" (agrie.) All 
these are conducted with an energy and talent surpassed 
only by the metropolitan press. 

Detroit has 4 banks, the condition of which, on the 2fith 
Dec, IST'l, was as follows: liabilities— capital, $761,223; 
deposits, $705.692 ; circulation, $607.55S ; due banks, $22.S5S ; 
and profits, $375,084 : and resources— loans, $1,202.64?; 
specie, $150,244 ; bank balances, $275,033 ; real estate, 
$193.025 ; and stocks, mortgaires, etc.. $650,000. The Mich- 
igan State Bank had a capital of $151 ,57S: llie Farmers and 
Mechanics' Bank, $327,580 ; the Peninsular Bank, $100,000 : 
and the Michigan Insurance Bank, $1S2,0T0. 

The present site of the city of Detroit, seems to have been 
visited by the French fls early as 1610. In 1720 the Fort 
I'ontehartrain had been previously located here. In 1759 
the country fell into the hands of the English, and in 17S3 
became a part of the United States. In 1802 the Yillage was 
incorj^omted ; in 1S05 it was destroyed by fire ; in ISH' tho 
"/•t of incori>oration was repealed ; in 1812 the fort and town 
surrendered to the British, but were reoccupied in ISl'^ : in 
1S15 it was re-incorporated. Such is the chronrOogy of its 
history. In 1810 it contained 770 inhabitants; in ]820i 
1.442 ; in 1830, 2,222; in lS4i), 9,192; in 1S45, 13,065: and in 
1850, 21,019. 

179 



DET 



Die 



Detroit strait: this stream conducts the collected wa- 
ters of lakes Superior, Michigan, Huron, and St. Clair, to 
Lake Erie. It is the largest stream of Michigan, and its 
local position makes it the most important. The word 
D'Etroit (^>.) signifies strait, and, as applied to this stream, 
is a more appropriate appellation than the word rifer, and 
was first given to it by the French on its discovery. It is 
about 25 m. long, and on an average, one and a tenth of a 
milii broad, and 36 feet deep. It moves with an equable 
current of about 2 m. per hour. lis descent is 3 inches per 
mile, or 6 feet and 3 inches for its whole length. Its cfuirse 
is first south-westerly, and tlnn southerly. In the winter 
season it closes with ice only after a continued succession 
of severely cold weather. If the tenijierature i>f the atmos- 
phere moderates but for a few days, and that moderation 
even not above the freezing point, it will open by the action 
of its powerful current, wliieh wears away the thickest ice 
in a short time. Hence the stream is not often long closed. 
It has been known to remain one frozen bridge for six weeks, 
but it was a phenomenon in its history, rarely known, and 
then only in seasons of the greatest severity. It receives 
several inconsiderable streams from the American, and two 
or three from the Canadian shore. The most considerable 
is the Rouge. There are a number of islands tliat divert its 
waters, though they a<ld to the beauty of its scenery. Amoug 
the largest are Grossc and Fighting islands. From some 
cause, there appears to have been a peculiar attraction to 
the banks of the Detroit more than to any other stream in 
Michigan. The first settlements of the French were made 
on it, and the French travelers found three tribes of Indians 
equally tenacious in their attachment to it. From a gradual 
accession, its banks on either aide have been subilued and 
settled, so that in many places, for miles, it has the appear- 
ance of a continued village of a much older country than 
the recent State of Mieliigan. Like the lakes which it: con- 
nects, it abounds with fine fish, the taking of which has 
become lucrative. The navigation of the strait is easy, and 
in the season of it, its waters are covered with steand)oats 
and vessels of every description. The Detroit, although but a 
few miles in length, is one of the pleasantesl and most beau- 
tiful streams in the United Slates. With banks of great 
fertility, covered with orchards of various fruit, with farms 
cultivated and productive, accompanied with incomparable 
gcenery, tlie prospect is rendered exceedingly delightful in 
passing up tlie strait. 

Deverkaux, p. v., Herkimer co., yi Y. : 69 m. N. "W. by 
"W. Albany. 

Deveekal'x's Stoke, p. o., Hancock co., Ga. : 15 m. N. E. 
Milledgeville. 

Devon, p. v., Henry county, Iiid. : 42 m. "W. by N. 
Indianapolis. 

De Witt county. Ift Situate centrallj", and contains 4G8 
sq. m. Drained by tributaries of the Sangamon r. Surface 
chiefly an elevated prairie, with a good portion of wood. 
Soils d.irk and rich. Farms 4S2; manuf. 18; dwell. SSI, 
and pop.— wh. .^.OiH, fr. col. 1— total r>,O02. Capital: Clin- 
ton. J^'illic Works: Illinois Central R. R. 

De Witt county, Te<r. Situate S. W., an<l contains GSO 
sq. m. Drained chiefly by the Guadalupe r. and its branches. 
Surface varied, but not hilly— a deep valley following the 
course of the Guadahipe, which traverses the co. from 
N. to S. Soils very fertile, producing colt/>n, sugar, and the 
grains. Farms 100; manuf. 3; dwell. 237, and pop. — wh. 
1,148. fr. enl. t), si. 5(JS— totil 1,716. Cajnt^il: Cuero. 

De Witt. p. v., Pc Witt co.. JU. : on the N. side of Salt 
cr. of Sangamon r., .53 ni. E. N. E. Springfield. 

De Witt, p. v., and cap. Clinton co., la.: abou; 4 m. X. 
of Wapsipinicon r., and 49 m. K. In- N. Iowa City. P. 459. 

De Witt, t. and p. v., Clinton county, Mich.: 2 m. N. 
Lansing. The v. is located on the N. l>ank of Lookiug- 
glasfi r. It is a flourishinz place, and has a newspaper, the , 
"Clinton Express." wliich is issued weekly. I'op. 706. j 

De Witt, p. v., Carroll co., Mo. : on the N. bank of the i 
180 



Missouri r., about 5 m. W. of the mouth of Grand r., 81 
m. N. W. Jefferson City. 

Dk Witt, t. and p. v., Onondaga co., N", Y.: on both, 
sides of Butternut cr., and adjoining the city of Syracuse, 
113 m. W. Albany. The surface is uneven, and there is 
abundance of water-lime, which is largely quarried and 
exported. The v. on the W. side of the cr. is a small agri- 
cultural settlement. Pop. oft. 3,3l>2. 

De WiTTTiLLE, p. v., Chautauque co., If. Y. : 256 m. 
W. by S. Albany. 

Dexter, t. and p. o., Penobscot co., 3te. : on the water- 
shed between Kennebec and Penobscot rivers, 49 m. N. N. E. 
Augusta. The v. is located at the outlet of a large pond of 
5ii0 acres, and has good hydrauHc power. The soil of the t. 
is fertile, and produces excellent wheat. Pop. 1.94S. 

Dexter, p. v., Washtenaw co., Mirk. : on Mill cr., at its 
confluence with Huron r., 42 m. E. S. E. Lansing. It is a 
thriving v., and has an abundance of water-power : and the 
Michigan Central R. R. passes through it 46 m. from Detroit, 
and 2^56 m. from Chicago. 

Dextee, p. v., Jeflerson co., N. Y. : on the N. side of 
Black r. at its mouth, 147 m. N. W. Albany. It has an un- 
interrupted communication with Lake Ontario through 
Black River Bay, and piers have been constructed by the 
United States to improve its harbor. Within the v. are sev- 
eral extensive mills and factories, worked by w.itcr-power ; 
and the Watertown and Rome R. R. passes near it. Pop. 7i>0. 
Diamond Grove, p. o., Jasper co., Mo. : li6 m. S. W. 
Jefferson City. 

Diamond Geote, p. o., Brunswick co., Tirg. : on the N. 
side of Meherrin r., 55 m. S. S. W. Richmond. 

Diamond Hill, p. o., Anson co., JVi Ca?: : 104 m. S. W. 
Raleigh. 
Diamond Hilt., p. o., Providence co., li. I. 
Diana, t. and p. o., Ij?wi3 county, ^^. Y. : 124 m. N. W. 
Albany. Drained by Indian r., and the S. branch of Oswe- 
gatchie r. Surface billy, and soil, sandy and gravelly loam, 
adapted to grass. 

I>iANA MiLL3, p. v., Buckingham co., Virg.: 72 m. W. 
Richmond. 

Di;vs Ckeee, p. v., Cape May county, JV. Jer. : 67 m. S. 
Trenton. 

DiCKENSONTiLLE, p. V., RusscU CO., YirQ. : 267 m.W. by S. 
Richmond. 

DiCKEvsviLLE, p. V., Grant co., ITwc..* ou tho S., and 
2 ni. distant from Platte r., 69 m. W. S.W. Madison. Lead 
is abundant in the neighborhood. 

Dickinson county, Jit. Situate N. W., and contains 432 
sq. m. Taken from Pottowattomee in 1S50. 

Dickinson, t. and p. v., Franklin county, X. I' .* 142 ra, 
N. by W. Albany. Drained by Racket r. and the upper 
streams of St Regis r. The N. part of the t. only is inhab- 
ited, the S. being still a wilderness, abounding in lakes, and 
covered with dense forests. The v. is on Deer r., a con- 
stituent of the St. Regis river. Pop. oft. 1,1U*. 

Dickinson, t. and p. o., Cumberland co., Penn.: 24 m, 
S. W. Ilarrisliurg. The country is hilly, and the soils cal- 
careous. Iron ore abundant. Yellow Breeches cr. affords 
good water-power, and there arc several factories and mills 
along its banks ; also several furnaces and forges. Popu- 
lation, 3.027 

Dickinson, p. v., Franklin co., Virg. : 145 m. W. S. W. 
Richmond. 

DicKiNsox's Stobb, p. o., Bedford county, Virg. : 117 ra. 
W. by S. Richmond. 

Dickson county, Tenn. Situate centrally, and contains 
724 sq. m. Tlio co. lies on the watershed between the 
Cumberland and Tennessee rivers, the fonner of which 
forms its N. K. line. The surface is varied, and the soils 
of average fertility, producing all the grains, with some 
tobacco and cotton. Timber abundant. Farms 407: manuf. 
14; dwell. 10,fiSit, and pop.— wh. C,2S5. fr. col. 1, si. 2,118— 
total 8,404. Capitui : Ch&rloHti. Public Work^ : UsahvUle 



Die 



DOD 



and Henderson K. E.; and the Nashville and Mississippi 
K. K. 

DicKBOs'8 Mills, p. o., Parke counly, Ind. : 59 m. W. 
Indianapolis. 

DionTON, I., p. v., and port, Bristol co., M<i-^s. : 3S m. S. 
Boston. Situated un the W. sii'e of Taunton r., whieh 
is navigable to this place for sraatl vessels. It has some 
manufactures, and considerable shipping is built and owned 
in the town. On the o]>posite side of the r. is "Dighton 
Rock," celebrated fur an ancient inscription which has 
never been siiti.sfaotorily iiiferprtti;d. Pop. I,'i41. 

Billk's Bottom, p. o., Belmont county, Ohio: 104 ni. E. 
Columbus. 

Dillon, p. o., Tazewell eo., HI. : about 3 m. N. of Mack- 
inaw cr. of Sansriimon r., 51 m. N. by K. Springfield. 

Dillon's IUtn, p. o., Hampshire co., Virg.: 146 m. N.W. 
Biehmond. 

DiLi-siionovGii, p. v., Dearborn co., hid. : about 4 m. N. 
of Laugherj' cr., 79 m. S. E. Indiannpolis. 

BiLLSBURGii, p. v., York CO., Penn. . 13 m. S. S. W. 
Harrisburg. 

DiLLvvoRTUTowN, p. V., Chester co., Pemi. : 69 m. E. S. E. 
Harrisl>urg:. 

Di-MMiCK, p. v., La Salle county, lU.: 123 m. N. N. E. 
Springfield. 

DiiionK, t. and p. v., Susquehanna co., Pcnn. : 113 m. 
N. N. E. Ilarrisburg. 

DiNGMANSKUEG, v., Shclbv CO., Ohio : 63 m. W. N- AV. 
Columbus. 

Dingman's Fehry, p. 0., Pike co., Petm. : on Dingraam's 
cr. of the Delaware r., 123 m. N. E. Harrisburg. 

DiNSMORE, t. and p. o., Shelby eo., Ohio: m the N. part 
of the CO., 72 m. W. N. W. Columbus. 

DiNwiitDiE county, T^rj?* Situate S. E., and contains 616 
bq. m. Drained by tributaries of Appomattox and Nottoway 
rivers, which bound it N. and S. respectively. Surface 
moderately uneven or rolling. Soils fertile naturally, but 
deteriorated. Tobacco, Indian corn, and wheat are the 
great staples. Manufactures, trade, and commerce are in a 
flourishing condition. rarms703; manuf. 71; dwell. 2,745, 
and pop.— wh. 10,9S5, fr.eol. 3,253,81. 10,SSO— total 25,118. 
Capital : Dinwiddie C. H. Public Work^ : Petersburg 
B. K.; South Side R. Fv., et^. 

Dinwiddie Contx-HousE, p. v., and cap. Dinwiddie co., 
Vifff. : on the N. side of Stoney cr. of Nottoway r., So m. 
S. by W. Bichmond. 

Dinwiddie'8 Tan i'ard, p. o., Campbell co., Tlrg. : 93 
TO. S. W. Bichmond. 

Dirt Town, p. v., Chattooga county, Ga. : 1G3 m. N. "VT. 
Millo.le.'ville. 

T'lsMAL Swamp, Virg. and K Car. : a large marshy tract 
of land, commencing a little S. of Norfolk in Virginia, and 
oxlcnding into North Carolina. It covers about 150,000 
acres, and is 30 m. long IVom N. to 8., and 10 m. wide. 
This tract is covered with trees, some of which are of enor- 
mous size, and between them is brushwood so tliick as to be 
almost impen-ious. In the midst of the swamp is Lake 
Drummond, 15 m. in circumference. A navigable feeder, 3 
m.long, from this lake, ser\-es to supply the main trunk of 
the Dismal Swamp Canal, which extends from Deep cr., a 
branch of Elizabeth r., 10 m. from N(»rfolk to Joyce's cr., 
a branch of Pasquotank r., forming a connection between 
Albemarle Sound and Hampton Boads. This canal is 23 
m. long, 40 feet wide, and 6 feet deep, and at intervals of a 
quarter of a mile it is 66 feet wide for turn-out stations. 
The summit level is 16} feet above mid-tide in the Atlantic 
Ocean. There are 5 stone locks on it, 100 feet long by 32 
feet wide. Cost $1,112,328. 

DiTNET Hill, p. o., Dubois co., 7jk?.; 104 m. S. S. W. 
Indianapolis. 

Divide, p. o., Marion county, la, : 84 m. TV. by S. 
Iowa City. 
Dividing Ceeek, p. v. Cumberland co., K. Jer. : on the 



cr. so called, which flows into Maurice Cove, of Dtilawaro 
Bay. 69 m. S. by W. Trenton. The cr. is navigable to the 
v., which contains about ISO inhabilanls. 

Dis Creek, p. o,, Chickasaw co., Mu'is. : 127 m. N. E. by N. 
Jackson. 

DisFiELD, t. and p. o., Oxford co., Me. : on the N. bank 
of Androscoggin r., 31 m. W. N. W. Augusta. It has a 
productive soil, well adapted to the growth of whcaL 
Pop. 1,1 SO. 

Dix Hill, p. o., Sufl"olk co., 3: 1'. .- 124 m. S. by E. 
Albany. 

DixMONT, t, and p. v., Penobscot co., M^.: 3S m. N. E. 
Augusta. Surface undulating and the soil fertile. It is sit- 
uated on the highland between the Kennebec and Penob- 
scot, and drainrd by affluents of both rivers. It has con- 
sideralile wator-power and fine mill seats. Pop. 1,605. 

1»IXMUN.T Mills, p, o., Penobscot co., Mc, : 36 m. N. E. 
August:!. 

DixoN, p. v., and cap. Lee co.. 111.: on the S. E. sido 
of Bock r., 142 m. N. by E. Springfield. The liue of the 
Central B. B. crosses Bock r., at this point. Pnp. I,ii73, 

Dixon's Mills, p. o., Marengo co., Ala. i92 m. W. byS. 
Montgomerj*. 

Dixon's Mili£, p. o., Buchanan co., Mo. : 16S m. W. N.TV. 
Jeff'erson City. 

Dixon's Springs, p. c, Smith co.. Tain. : about 3 m. N. 
of Cumberland r., and 41 m. N. E. by E. Nashville. 

DicKsoNviLLE, p. o., Colc CO., Mo. : 7 m. W. Jefferson 
City. 

DixoNviLLE, p. v., Lawrence co., Tnd.: 63 m. S. by W. 
Indianapolis. 
DoAKSviLLE, p. v., Clioctaw Nation, Ind. Ti-r. 
DoANESBrEQH, p. v., Putiiam CO., X. y.: on the line of 
the Harlem B. B., 55 m. from New York ard 93 m. from 
Albany. 

Dobbin's Ranch, p. o,. Tuba co., Call/. : on the N. side 
of Yuba r.. 112 m. N. N. E. VaUejo. 

Doub's Ferry, p. v., 'Westchester co.. A' 3' .■ on the E. 
bank of the Hudson r., 104 m. S. Albany. Here is a good 
landing at which numerous regular steamboats touch daily, 
and there is a ferry across the river. It is a considerable 
v., and has some manufactures and machine shops, which 
have been greatly advanced gince the completion of the 
Hudson Biver B. B., which passes through it, 22 m. frttm 
New York. This wa3 aji important point In tlto Bevolu- 
tionary war. 

Dockeby'9 Store, p. o,, Richmond co., 2f. Car. : 92 m. 
S. W. Raleigh. 

DoDDSviLLE, p. v., M'Donough co., jn.: on tho S. line 
of the county, 62 m. N. W . by W. Springfield. 

DoDDRinoE county, Virg. Situate N. TV., and contains 
720 sq. m. Drained by S. fork of Hugh*s r., and by Mid<ile 
Island cr. and their affluents. Surface somewhat broken. 
Soils of average quality. Farms 240; manuf. 2; dwell. 525, 
and pop.— wh. 2,719, fr. coL 0, si. 31— total 3,750. Capital: 
West Union. Piihlic Wt>rks: North-Western E. B. 

Dodge county, ifo. Situate N. on State line, and con- 
tains 252 sq. m. Drained by the constituenta of Locust and 
Medicine creeks of Grand r. Surface level or undulating. 
Soils of good quality, and fertile. Farms 49; manuf. 0; 
dwell. 57. and pop.— wh. 351, fr. col. 0, sL 3— total 353. Cap- 
ital: Butler. 

Dodge counly. Wise. Situate 8. E. centrally, and con- 
tains 900 sq. m. Drained W. and S. by Bock and Beaver 
Dam rivers, and E. by streams falling into Lake Michigan. 
Surface beautifully diversified by hill and dale. Soils of ex- 
traordinarj' fertility. Farms 2,132; manuf. 28; dwell. S 600, 
and pop.— wh. 19,128, fr. col. 10— total 19,138. Oipital. 
Juneau. Public WorA'^: Fond du Lac B. B. 

DoDtiEviLLE. p. v., Iowa CO., Wi^c. : 63 m. N. Mineral 
Point, and 46 m. "\V. by S. Madison. 

DoDGEviLLE, p. T., pcfl Moincs CO., 7a.: 59 m. S. S. E 
Iowa City. 

181 



DOD 



DOU 



BoPsoNviLLE, p. v., Jackson co., Ala. : 145 m. N. 
Montgomery. 

DoDsoNTiLLE, p. T., Highland co., Ohio : on tho W. eido 
of White Oak cr., 66 m. S. \V, by S. Colurabus. 

Doe Hill, p. o., Highland co., Virg.: 126 m. W. X, W. 
liichmond. 

Doe Ecn, p. c, Chester co., Penn. : 69 m. E. S. E. 
Ilarrisburg;. 

Dog-vvoodNeck,p. 0., Horrydist., 5. Car.:H4ni. E. byS. 
Columbia. 

DoLiNGTON, p. v., Bucks CO., PcTin. : 93 m. E. Harrisburg. 

DoLSON, p. o., Clarke co., lU. : 106 ni. E. 8. E. SpringfleM. 

DoMKSTic, p. o., "SVilliama co., Ohio : 132 m. N. W. 
Columbus. 

Box, p. 0., Sullivan co., Ind. : 82 m. S. W. Indianapolis. 

Donaldson, p. v., Schuylkill co., Penn. : 51 m. N. E. 
Harrisburg. 

DoNALDSONVTLiE, p. V., and cap. Ascensiou par., La. : on 
the S. "W. side of the Mississippi r., immediately below tho 
Bayou La Fourehe, 27 m. S. by E. Baton Kouge. It was 
formerly the State capital. The place ia pleasantly situated, 
and has some fine buildings, among which are the C. H., 
Arsenal, U. S. Land Office, a college, etc. It has consider- 
able trade and may be considered as the depGl of the Bayou 
La Fourehe country. Pop. ],49S. 

Donegal, t. and p. o., Westmoreland co., Perm. : on the 
mountain valley between Laurel Hill and Chestnut Ridge, 
183 m. W. Harrisburg. Drained by tributaries of tho 
Toughiogheny and Kiskimiuctjis rivers, which afford 
■water-power. Pop. 2,414. 

DoNipn.u.-, p. v., Eipley co.. Mo.: 149 m. S. S. W. 
Jefferson City. 

Donnell's, p. 0., Allen co., Ohio: 92 m. N.W. Columbus, 

Don N ELLS viLLE, p. v., Clark co., Ohio : 47 m. W, by S. 
Columbus. Pop. 196. 

DooLT county, Ga. Situate S. centrally, and contains 
676 sq. m. It occupies the height of land between Ocmul- 
gee and Flint, and is drained by the tributaries of both 
rivers. Surface favorably diversified ; soils generally fertile, 
but deteriorated by bad husbandry. Cotton is the principal 
product. Farms 663 : manuf. S ; dwell. 962, and pop. — ^wh. 
5,DS0, fr. col. 6, si. 2,TT5— total S,S61. Capital: Drayt-m. 

DooK county, Wise. Situate N. E., and contains 4^32 sq. 
m. It occupies the N. part of the peninsula between Green 
Bay and Lake Michigan, and has its name from the fact of 
ita being at the door or entrance of the interior navigable 
waters of the State. Capital : Gibralter. Organized since 
1850. 

DooK Ceeek, p. o., Dauo co.. Wise. : on a cr. so called 
flowing into Fourth Lake. 5 m. N. Madison. 

DooE prairie, La Porte co., Ind. : so named from the 
narrow gap in the timber at Dnor Village. It contains in 
all between 70 or SO sq. m., and is probably the richest and 
most beautiful praurie in the State. 

Door Village, p. v., La Porte co., Ind. : about 4 m. 
S. W. La Porte, 12S m. N. W. by W. Indianapolis. 

BonruEAT, p. o., Claiborne par.. La. : on the large bayou 
of the same name, 210 m. N. W. Battm Eouge. Bayou 
Dorcheat rises in Hempstead co.. Ark., and passes S. into 
Louisiana, emptjing itself into Bistencau Lake, of which 
it is the chief feeder. 

DoncnESTER county, JId. Situate S. E., and contains G04 
sq. m. Drained by tributaries of Choptank r., which bounda 
it on the N.. and of Nanticoke r., which makes ila 9. bound- 
ary. The Chesapeake washes its W. shore. Surface low 
and level — in parts swarapy ; soils varying from light and 
sandy to a stiff clay. Marl is abundant, aJd is used as a 
fertilizer. There is plenty of timber. Farms 1,049 ; manuf. 
12 ; dwell. 2.705,and pop.— wh. 10,7S3, (r. col. 8,307, si. 4,282 
—total 1S.S7T. Copit<d: Cambridge. 

Dorchester, t. and p. v., Norfulfc co., Maf^n. : 4 m. S. 
Boston, and within the metropolitan district. It fVonts on 
Dorchester Bay, in Boston Harbor, and extends between 
183 



Eoxbury Brook and Neponset r., the latter of which furnishes 
great water-power as well as navigation. Vessels o\\nied 
here are chiefly employed in the fisheries; it has also ex- 
tcusive manufactures. Few other localities have made 
such progress as this in wealth; in 1S40 its assessed valua- 
tion was $1,691,245 : in lS5i), $7,199,750. Pop. in 1S40, 4,S75, 
and in 1S50, 7,06S. The Old Colony P. K. passes through 
the E. part of the town, and the Boston and Providence 
P. E. throtigh the W. part. 

Dor.cuESTEB, p. v., Cumberland co., JT. Jer. : 61 m. 
S. by W. Trenton. 

DoECQESTER, t. and p. 0., Grafton co., 2i. ITamp.: 42 m. 
N. N. W. Concord. It lies on the height of land between 
the Connecticut and Merrimac rivers, and is uneven and 
rocky, with fertile valleys. Mascomy and Baker's rivers 
arc its principal streams. Pop. 711. 

Doric Arch (or Doric Eock), Midi. : is a name applied 
to an isolated mass of sandstone, which has tho appear- 
ance of the work of art. consisting of four pillars supporting 
an entablature or stratum of stone covered with soil, and a 
handsome growth of pine and spruce trees, some of which 
are 50 or 60 feet in height. This curiosity is a projection of 
the Pictured Eocks on the southern shore of Lake Superior, 
and presents an interesting view to voyagers of the great 
lake. 
DoRM-VNSViLLE, p. T., Albany co., K. T. 
DoRXicKTowN, p. o., Mouongalia co., Vlrg.: 203 m. 
N. W. Richmond. 
Dorr, p.v., :M-Henry co., lU. .-193 m, N. N. E. Springfield. 
DoRRANCE. p. v., Slark co., lU. : 92 m, N. Springfield, 
Dorkville, p. v., Washington co., B. I.: 38 m. S. S. W. 
Providence. 

Dorset, p. v., De Kalb co.. III. : on the E. side of Big 
Indian cr., 1.38 ra. N. N. E. Springfield. 
Dorset, p. v., Ashtabula co., OJiio : 165 m. N. E. Columbus. 
Dorset, t, and p, v., Bennington co., TVrm. .• 77 m. 
S. by W. MontpeHer. Drained by Pawlet, Battenkill, and 
the head branches of Otter creek, which afford fine mill 
sites. Surface uneven. The Western Vermont R. K. passes 
through the town and village in a N. and S. direction. 
Dorset, p. o., Woodford co., Ky, : 16 m. S. E. FrankforL 
DoTY's CoBKHK, p. V., Stcttben co., N. i',: 194 m. W. 
Albany. 

Dotytixle, p. v., Fond da Lac co., Wise. : 64 m. K E. 
Madison. 

Double Branches, p. o., Lincoln co., Ga. : 73 m. N. E. 
Milledgeville. 

Double Branches, p. 0., Anderson dist., S. Car. : 109 m. 
W. N. W. Columbia. 

Double Bridge, p. o., Lunenburgh co., Ttr(/. : 67 m. 
S. W. Pvichmond. 

Double BEmGEfl, p. o., Upson co., Ga,: 63 m. W, 
Milledgeville. 

Double Cabins, p. o., Henry co., 6a,: on Towathga cr., 
63 m. W. N. W. MiUedgevUie. 

Double Oak, p, c, Camden co.. Mo.: 46 m. S. W. 
Jefferson City. 

Double Pike Creek, p. o., Carroll co., Md. : 61 m. N.W. 
Annapolis. Situate on a cr. of Monocacy r. so called. 

Double Shoals, p. o,, Morgan co., Ga. : 35 m. N. by W. 
Milledgeville. 

Double Spring, p. o., Benton co., ArJc: 157 m. N. W. 
Little Eoek. 

Double SmrsGs, p. o., Calaveras co., Calif. : on a small 
cr. of Calaveras r., 76 m. E. Vallejo. 

Double SpEtnGS, p. v., Oktibbeha co., Miss. : 106 m. N. E. 
Jackson. 

Double Springs, p. o., Jackson co., Tcnn, : 64 m. E. N. E. 
Nashville. 

Double Wells, p. v., Warren co., Ga, : on tho line of 
the Georgia R. R., 41 m. N. E. Milledgeville, 

D'lUKSTiLLK, p. v., Pendleton co., K>/.: 47 m. N. E. 
Frankfort. 



i 



Dot; 



BOW 



Douglass, t. aad p. o.. 'Wurofster co.. Mass.: 43 m. S. W. 
Boston. Drained by Mumford cr. of Blackstone r., which 
affords g<x>d water-power. Iron ore is found, and in the t. 
(here arc consideraWe manufactures of cotton goods, boots, 
shoes, etc-i and edge-tools. The country is fertile and 
highly cultivated. Top. 1,S7S. 

Douglass, p. v., Fayelie co., la. : 84 m. N. by "W. 
Iowa City. 

Douglass, p. v.. NacogiJoches co., 7*sr. ; on a cr. of 
Angelina r., about 7 m. from tbe latter, and 197 m. E. N. E. 
Austin City. 

Douglass, t. and p. o., Montgomery co., Perm.: 65 ra. 
E. ITarrisburg. Perliiomen and Swamp creeks drain the 
soils, which are fertile, and afford water-power for several 
mills and factories. 

DouGLASsviLLE, p. V., Bcrks CO., Peyin. : on the N. side 
of Sfhuylkill r., 13 m. E. Ilarrisburg. The Philadelphia 
and Reading E. E. passes through the village, 44 m. from 
Philadelphia and 4S from Eeading. 

DocpuiN, p. v., Blount co., Ala.: 123 m. N. by "W. 
Montgomery. 

Douthet, p. 0., Anderson dist., S. Car. : 116 m."W. N."W. 
Columbia. 

DuTEH. p. v., Baltimore co., Md. 

Dover, p. v.. Ilussell co.. Ahi. .' aliout 3 m. "W. Chatta- 
hoochie r., and 6 m. N.'W. Girard, 171 m. E. Montgomery. 

DiitTEB, p. y.. Pope CO., Arl: : on the E. bank of Illinois 
cr. of Arkansas r., &i m. K.W. Little Pock. It was formerly 
the CO. capital. 

DoTZK, hund., p. b., and cap. Kent co., DeL, and capital 
of the State : on high ground, between the two principal 
branches of Jones' er., 10 m. above its entrance into Dela- 
ware Bay. Lat. 39^ 10' N., and long. 75° 80' "W., 114 m. 
E. by N. ^Vashington. The hundred contains 73.930 acres, 
and o,93'2 inhabitants. The b. is laid out regularly with 
wide streets, crossing each other at right angles. The State 
Bouse stands on the E. side of a large public place, and is 
an elegant building, and the buildings occupied by the co. 
offices occupy sites on the same square. It has 4 churches, 
a h.-iuk, an academy. 2 schools, several stores, about 120 
dwellings, chiefly of briek, and between 600 and 700 inhab- 
itants. A splendid monument, erected to tlie memory of 
Colonel John llaslett, who fell in the battle of Princeton, 
Illustrates the patriotism of the citizens, and is the chief 
ornament of the place. The flour business is that dL^tin- 
ruishing Dover, and which is chiefly carried on with 
Philadelphia. A P. P., projected to run longitudinally 
through the State, will pass through the borough. 

DovEK, p. v., Bureau co., lU.: 109 m. N. Springfield. 

DovEp., p. v.. Mason co., X?/. ; 76 m. E. N. E. Frankfort. 

Do%'Eit, t, p. v.. and cap. Piscataquis co.. Me. : on the S. 
eidc of Piscataquis r.. 50 m. N. N. E. Augusta. The v. is 
located immediately on the hanks of the stream. It has 
Beveral mills; and a weekly newspaper, the "Piscataquis 
Observer," is published here. Pop. 1,927. 

Dover, t. and p. o., Lenawee co.. Mich. : watered by the 
S. branch of Raisin r., 61 m. S. E. Lansing. The Michigan 
Southern E. R. crosses the t. in an E. direction. Pop. 1,223. 

DoTER, t. and p. v., Norfolk co., Jfass. : on the S. and E. 
of Charles r., 16 m. S. VC. Boston. Drained by Trout and 
Nodnets brooks. Surface uneven, and much of it woodland. 
The V. is located near the centre of the t., and is a pleasant 
place of about^200 inhabitants. The t. has about 631 inhab- 
itants. 

Dover, p.v., La Fayette co.. 3fo. : 92 m."V7. N. W. Jefferson 
City. It lies about 3 m. 9. of the Missouri river. 

Dover, t., p. v.. and cap. Strafford eo., A*". Hump. : SS 
m. E. Concord. The t. is drained by Cocheeo and Black 
rivers, tributaries of the Piscataqua. It is the oldest t. in 
the State, having been settled in 1623. The v. is built around 
the lower falls of Cocheeo. where the descent is suddenly 
82; feet, producing a vast water-power. These falls are at 
the head of tide, 12 nL from the sea, and sloops can come 



up witiiin a short distance of the mills. It has a court- 
house, jail, etc., and numerous and extensive manufactures, 
but chiefly of cotton goods. It has also considerable ship- 
ping. The newspapers published here are the " D. En- 
quirer" (whig), the " N. H. Gazette" (dem.), the " Morning 
Star" (whig), tho " Myrtle" (rclig.), and the *' Gospel Pill" 
(relig.), all issued weekly ; and tho *' Cadets' Advocate'' 
(temperance), issued monthly. The v. is intersected by tho 
Boston and Maine R. E. ; and the Cocheeo R. R. hero 
diverges from iL On the whole, Dover is justly considered 
one of the most prosperous manufactiirmg towns of New 
Eugland. Pop. S,1S6. 

Dover, p. v., Morris co., A^ Jer. : on both sides of 
Eoekaway r., 47 m. N. by E. Trenton. The two sections 
of the v. are connected by bridges. Iron ore is abundant 
in tho vicinity, and it has several large iron factories, etc. 
The Morris Canal descends into the valley in which it stands 
by an inclined plane and 4 locks; and at this point the 
Morris and Essex R. E. has its N. W. terminus, 44 m. from 
Jersey City. Pop. about 400. 

DovEB, t. and p. o.. Duchess co., N'. Y. : 66 m. S. by E. 
Albany. The p. o. is located at Dover Plains, and v. located 
on the Ilarlem li. R., SO m. from New York. The t. abounds 
in marble and iron ore, and has several mills and factories. 
Pop. 2.147. 

DovEB, t. and p. v., Cuyahoga co., Ohio : on Lake Erie, 
114 m. N. N. E. Columbus. The v. is located about 8 m. 
back from the lake. Pop. of 1.1.113. 

Dovee, t. and p. v., York co., Pt-nn. : on the E. side of 
Conewago cr., 18 m. S. Harrisburg. The v. lies in the 
centre of the L, 10 m. N. W. York. The t. has several 
distilleries, tanneries, grist and saw mills, for which latter 
water is abundant. 

Dovim, p. v., and cap. Stewart co.. Tfun. : on the S. "W. 
side of Cumberland r., 61 m. W. N. "W. Nashville. It eon- 
tains the county offices, and about 400 inhabitants. The 
landing for steamers is one of the best on the river. 

Dover, t. and p. v., Windham co., Venn. : on the E. 
border of the Green Mountain range, 94 m. S. Montpelier. 
Drained by West and Deerfiehl rivers, which have good mill 
sites. The soils are wtll adapted for grazing. The v. lies 
a little S. E. of the centre of the town. Po]». of t.709. 

I)over, p. v., Yazoo co.. Miss. : 33 ra. N.W. Jackson. 

Dover Hill. p. v.. and cap. Martin co., IntJ. : on the W. 
side of, and a mile and a half from the East Fork of White 
river, 79 m. S. W. Indianapohs. It contains a court-house 
and about 30 dwellings. 

Dover Mills, p. o., Goochland co., Virg. : 17 m. W. by N. 
Richmond. 

DovEsviLLE, p. T.^ Eockingham co., Virff. : 110 m. N. W. 
Richmond. 

DovvAr.rAc, p. v., Cass co., Mick. : on a branch of Dowa^ 
giac r., 92 m. S. W. Lan.sing. It lies also on the iliehigaa 
Central R. R., 17S ni. from Detroit, and 100 from Chicago. 

DowAGiAc t^Dowagiake) river, 3fich. : takes its rise in the 
S. part of Van Euren and N. E. part of Cass counties, and 
passing over the northern, north-western, and western por- 
tions of the latter in a S. W. direction, into Berrien, enters 
the St. Joseph r. near the v. of Niles. It is upward of 30 m. 
in length, and receives a number of tributaries, which, with 
the main stream, furnish excellent mill sites. 

DowBLTOWN, p. v., Surrey co., 2f, Car, : 132 m.W. N.W. 
Ealcigb. 

Downer's Grove, p. o., Du Page co., III. : 162 m. N. E. 
Springfield. 

DowNiEviLLE, p. v., and cap. Tuba co., Cali/. : at the 
head of the North Fork of Yuba r., 137 m. N. E. Yallejo. It 
is the head-quarters of one of the richest gold .fields of the 
State. 

DowNiN'G's Mius, p. o., Strafford co., A'l ITnmp. 

DowNTNGSViLLE, p. v., Grant county. Ky. : 47 m. N. N. E. 
Frankfort. 

DowNi-NGTOS, p.v., Meigs co., Ohio : 69 m. S. E. Columbus. 

:s3 



DOW 



DKY 



DowNiNGTowN, p. V., Chcstef CO., Pejin. : on the W. side 
'^f the E. branch of Brandywine cr., and on the line of the 
Philadelphia and Columbia K. K,, 33 ni. from Philadelphia, 
and 74 in. from llarrishurg. Tho dwt'Illngs, about CO or 70 
in numbcT, arc chiefly of stone, and it contains several mills 
and factories, stores, etc. It is surrounded by a fine and 
weI!-cuUivated country. About 12 m, below the v., on the 
banks of the Brandywino cr.. was fought the sanguinary 
battle of Brandywino, 11th September, 177". A It. R., 22 
m. Unig, b projected between Morristown and Dowuing- 
town. 

DowNsviLLE, p. v., Ocean county, JV". Jer. : 86 m. S. E. 
Trent^ni. 

DoTLESTOWN, t., p. T., and cap. Bucks co., Penn. : on the 
N. side of Tacony cr.. SS ra. E. Ilarrisburg. The borough 
is a flourishing place, has manufactures, and a good trade, 
and about 1,005 inhabitants. There are published here G 
weekly newspapers, ^iz., the '* D. Express," the " D. Dem- 
ocrat," and the •• Independent Democrat," all democratic in 
principle ; the " Morning Star," and the " Bucks County 
Intelligencer,'' both whig ; and the '• Olive-Branch," devoted 
Vj the temperance cause. The Korristown, Doylestown, 
New Hope 11. U. passes through the place. The t. is an 
excellent agricultural country, and is highly cultivated. 
Pup. 2,471. 

Doylestown, p. v., Paulding co., Ohio: 116 m. N. W. 
Columbus. 

Dracut, t. and p. v., Middlesex co., J/a«s. : on the N. side 
of Merrimac r., opposite Lowell, 25 m. N. N. W. Boston. 
The two towns are connected by a bridge across the river. 
It is essentially an agricultural district, although Beaver r., 
which drains it, affords considerable water-power. Pop- 
uhition, 3iOL»3. 

Drakestown, p. o., Morris co., iV". t/er. ; on Schooley's 
Mountain, 39 m. N. by W. Trenton. 

Drahesville, p. v., Morris co., K. Jer. : 42 m. N. Trenton. 

Drakesville, p. v., Davis co., la. : on thu N. side of Fox 
r., ^S m. S. W. Iowa City. 

Dranesville, p. v., Fairfax co., 17/*^'. : 96 m. N. Eich- 
mond. Situated about 6 m. S. of the Potomac r., near the 
N. W. corner of the county. 

Draper's Vallev, p. o., Pulaski co., VirQ. : on the W. 
Bide of Kanawha r., about 2 m. distant from that stream, and 
193 m. W. by S. Eichmond. 

Draperstille, p. o., Mecklcnburgh co., Yirg.: 92 m. 
8. W. Eiehmond. 

DRAi-GnroN's Store, p. o., Sampson co., N, Car. : 52 m. 
S. by E. Kaleigh. 

Drawbridge, p. o., Sussex co., Del. 

Drayton, p. v., and cap. Dooly co., Ga. : on the S. side 
of Penalialchee cr., 1* ra. from its confluence with Flint r., 
and U m. 8. S. W. Milledgeville. 

DttATTOssvai-B, p. v., Union dist., S. Cur. ; 73 m. N. N.AV. 
Columbia. 

DREnERSviLLE, p. v., Schujlkill CO., Pe7in. : 49 m. N. E. 
Ilarrisburg. 

Duenson's, p. o., Henry co., Ky. : 25 m. N.^W. Frankfort. 

Dresden, p. v.. Grundy co., lU. : on the Illinois r., at the 
junction of the Dcsplaines and Kankakee rivers, the great 
constituents of the Illinois, and on the line of the canal, 12S 
m. N. E. Springfleld. The v. is 52 m. from Chicago by 
canal, and 4S m. from Peru. 

Dresden, t. and p. o., Lincoln co., Me. : On the E. bank 
of Kennebec r., 13 m. S. Augusta. It is an agricultural 
town, and hiis some river trade. Pop. 1,410. 

Dresden, p. v., Muskingum co., Ohio: on Wakatomaha 
cr., near its junction with Muskingum r., 51 m. E. by N. 
Columbus. A side-cut of the Ohio Canal reaches this place. ( 
Thus 9ituaU\ it is highly favored for commerce, of which it j 
has a considerable share, and it has also several factories 
and mills. Pop. 1,445. 

Dresden, p. v., and cap. "Weakly co., Tenn.: near the I 
centre of tho co., on one of the head branches of Obion r., 
1S4 



I 109 m. TV. by N. Nashville. It contains a court-house, etc., 

I and about 395 inhabitants. The Nashville and Mississippi 

R. K. will probably intersect this v. Two newspapers, the 

'^D. Democrat," and the •*Whig Mirror," are published 

weekly. 

Drf.sden Mills, p. o.. Lincoln co., 3ff. : 19 m. S. Augusta. 

Dp.EseERviLLE, p. V., Cayuga county, y. Y. : 141 m. W. 

Albany. 

Drew county, Ark. Situate S. E., and contains 720 sq. 
m. The Baj^ou Bartholomew bounds it on the E. and tha 
Sabine r. on the W. side, the creeks falliog into which drain 
the interior. A highland runs N. and S. through the county, 
forming the watershed — the surface declining E. and W. 
from its summit level. Tho soils are eminently productive, 
an<l Ihe extent of forest moderate. Farms 277 ; manuf, 9 ; 
dwell 430, and pop.— wh. 2,360, fr. col. 0, si. 915— total 3,275. 
Capital : Monticello. 

Drewersburgu, p. v., Franklin co., Tnd. : about 4 m. E. 
of the ft'Iiite Water r., and 76 m. E. S. E. Indianapolis. 

DF.EWRysviLLE, p. v., Southamptou co., Virg. : 63 m. 
S. S. E. Richmond. 

Drewsville, p. v., Cheshire co., y. Bamp. : on the E. 
side of Connecticut r., at Bellow's Falls, 42 m. W. Concord. 
It has considerable manufactures. 

Dripping Spring, p. v., Edmonson co., Ky.: lOS m. 
S. W. Frankfort, 

Drowxing Creek, p. o., Burke co., iV". Car.: on a cr. of 
Catawba r. so called, 14S m. W. Raleigh. 

Drowning Fork, p. o., M'Donough co., lU. : on a cr. so 
called, 73 m. W. N.W. Springfleld, 

Deujimond's island, MicK : at the mouth of St. Mary's, 40 
m. long, has the best quality of secondary limestone, several 
liarbors and fisheries, and a soil covered with pine and 
ra3i>Ie. The western extremity is the site of an ancient 
British fort. 
DRTBrRGo, p. T., Halifax co., Virg. : 96 m. N. Eiehmond. 
Dry Cueek, p. o., Kenton county, Ky. : 59 m. N. N. E. 
Frankfort. 

Dry Creek, p, o., Covington county, 2liss. : 62 m. 9. E. 
Jackson. 

Dry Creek, p. o., Lancaster dist, S Car. : 70 m. N. N. E. 
Columbia. 

Dryden, t. and p. o., Lapeer co., Mich. : 74 m. E. by N. 
Lansing. Pop. 1,131, 

Dryden, t. and p. v., Tompkins county, JV; T. : 123 ra, 
W. by S. Albany. Surface undulating. Soil gravelly loam, 
and well watered and drained by Fall cr, and other small 
streams. The v. is located on Virgil cr., and contains about 
600 inhabitants. About half n milo "W. of the place is a 
noted mineral spring, the waters of which are useful in 
rheumatic and cutaneous affections. Pop. oft. 5,122. 

Dry Fork, p. o.. Bond co., PI. : on Dry Fork of Shoal cr., 
a tributary of Kaskaskia r., 5S m. 9. by E. Springfield. 

Dry Foek, p. o., Barren co., Ky. : 110 m. S. W. by S. 
Frankfort. 

Dry Fork, p. c, Hamilton county, Ohio: 103 m. S. W. 
Columbus. 

Dry Glaze, p. v., Camden co.. Mo, : on the Dry Au 
Glaize cr., a branch of Grand Au Glaize r., 52 m. S. S. W. 
Jefferson City. 

Dry Hill, p. 0., Lauderdale co., Teim. : 169 m. W. by S. 
Nashville. 

Dry Ponds, p. o., Lincoln co., JVi Car. : 146 m. W. by S, 
Raleigh. 

Dry Ridge, p. o., Brew eo.. Ark. : on the highland form- 
ing the watershcMj between Saline r. and Bayou Bartholo- 
mew, 116 m. S. E. LitUe Rock. 

Dry Ridge, p. o., Somerset co., Penn.: 12S m. "W. 8. W. 
Ilarrisburg. 

Dry liiDGE, p. o., Hamilton oo., Ohio: 105 m. S. W. 
Columbus, 

Dry RroOE, p. o., Grant co., Ky.: 43 m. N. N. E. 
Frankfort 



DRY 



DUF 



Dp.v Itry, p. 0., Franklin co., Penn.: 59 m. W. S. W. 
Ilarrishurs:. 

Drt KrN, p 0., Tippah co, Miss.: 164 m. N. by E. 
Jack son. 

Dky Valley, p. o., "White co., rf-^n,.* 84 m. E. Nashville. 

Di:y Wood, p. o., Bates co., Mo. : on a cr. of the Marmi- 
lon, a tributary of Osa^e r., U2 m. "W. S. W. JetTerson City. 

DuA^NE, L and p. v., Franklin co.. K 3' .' 12S m. N. Al- 
bany. Surface uneven and hilly, and the soil a fertile sandy 
loam. "U'atered by branches of Salmon r. and Doer creek. 
The t. is cek-l)rated for its superior iron ores, which are 
capable of prodncincj the finest steel for edge tools. The v. 
lies on a branch of Salmon r., and has several factories 
and mills : and there are also in the neighborhood fur- 
naccs, etc. Pop. oft. 22?. 

DuANESBUKon, t. and p. v.. Schenectady co., X. Y. : 22 m. 
"W. N. W. Albany. The v. lies on a branch of Schoharie 
rr. The surface of the t. is elevated and hilly, and watered 
by numerous creeks, which afford water-power, and has a 
soil of excellent fL-rtility. Pop .%4Cy4. 

Drr.LiN. p. v., Fayette co., Ala.: 113 m. N. TV. Mont- 
gt'inerj,-. 

1 ' I- nLis. p. v.. and cap. Laurens co., Ga. : on the "W. side 
of tu-onL'C r., 47 la. S. S. E ilillcd2;eville. It eontitins the 
CO. offices, several stores, and about 70 dwellings. 

Dublin, p. v., Wayne co., Ind. : on the National Road, 2 
m. "W. of Cambridge City, 50 m. E. Indianapolis. Pop. 3:i(l. 

Dublin, p. o., Harford co., Md.: 52 m. N. N. E. 
Annapolis. 

DiRLiN, L and p. o., Cheshire co., K ITamp. : 34 m. S.W. 
Concord. Situated on the highlands httwccn the Connecti- 
cut and Merrimac rivers. A considerable portion of Grand 
Monadnock lies within this town. It has good water-power 
and sevL-ral factories and mills. The surfafO Is belter 
adapted to grazing than corn-growing. Pop. I,ris8. 

Dublin, p. v.. Franklin co., Ohio: on the W. bank of 
Scioto r., 11 m. N. N. "W. Columbus. The location is high 
and pleasant, and in the neighborhood there are several 
mills and factories. Pop. 247. 

DrnLiN. p. o., Bucks co., Penn. : 93 m. E. Ilarrisburg. 

Dublin, p. v., Graves co., Ay. ; on a branch of Little 
Obion r., 20 m. from the Mississippi r., and 233 m. W. S. W. 
Frankfort. 

Dublin Mills, p. v., Bedford co., Pejin. : &4 m. W. by S. 
Ilarrisburg. 

Dubois county, Ivd. Situate S., and contains 432 sq. m. 
Drained by E. fork of "White, the Patoka, and other streams. 
Surface generally level — in the N. E. rolling; soils of ordi- 
narj- fertility, but the bottoms are rich and fertile. Timber 
abundant. Com and wheat are the staple products. Farms 
794: manuf 9; dwell. 1.146, and pop.— wh. 6,300, fr. col. 21 
—total 6.321. Cxpital: Jasper. 

Dubuque county. la. Situate X. E., and contains f)7G 
sq. m. Drained in the N. by Turkey cr., in the centre by 
Little Macoqueta r., and S. by tlie N. fork of Macoqui-ta r., 
which, with other streams, falls into the Mississippi, which 
forms its E. border. Surface rough and uneven, but wilh 
nnieh fertile land. Galena or lead ore is very abundant 
tliroughout the county, and mining forms the great interest 
of the inhabilants. Farms 755; manuf. 46; dwell. 1,952, 
and iop.— wh. 10.916, fr. col. 2.5— total 10,841. Capital: 
Dubuque. PvUia Works: Dubuque and Iowa City 
E.E., etc. 

Dubuque, p. v.. and cap. Dubuque eo., 7a. ; on the W. 
bank of the Mississippi r., 424 m. al)0ve St. Louis, and 72 m. 
N. E. by X. Iowa City. It is built on a table area, or ter- 
race, which cxt/'nds along the r. for several miles, and the 
streets are laid out at right angles with each other. Du- 
buque was settled by Canadian French as early as 16S6, 
for the purpose of trading with the Indians. Besides being 
the great mineral dep6t of the Iowa lead region, it is a place 
of much traffle, and interchanges largely with the vast in- 
terior, of which it is th-^ chief outlet. Its chief export is 



lead, which is sent d'lwn the river in vast quantities. In 
the village arc several wholesale stores, and one of the 
largest hotels of the "West. The V. S. Land Office for the 
Northern District of Iowa, and the office of the Surveyor 
General of Iowa and Wisconsin, arc located here. The 
population is now 4,071, and is rapidly increasing. There 
are four newspapers published in the village, the ■' Miner's 
Express" (dem.), the " D. Tribune" (whig), the " D. Tele- 
graph" (whig), and the " Xorwestlieho Democrat" (Ger- 
man). Lead ore is found in abundance within the eorjjo- 
rate limits of the village, and for miles around on every 
side. 

DucnESS county, 2T. Y. Situate S. E., between Hudson 
r. and the Connecticut State line; and contains 765 sq. m. 
Drained by Ten Mile, Fishkill, "Wappenger's, and Cnim 
Elbow creeks and their affluents. Surface diversified, but 
generally hilly, and intersected by two great longitudinal 
valleys. Some of the hills rise to the height of 1.700 feet; 
Old Beacon, near Fishkill landing, 1.471 feet, and the Grand 
Sachem, or New Beacxjn, 1,6S5 feet above tide-water. The 
county abounds in minerals, of which iron, lead, and zinc 
are the principal. Graphite is obtained near Fishkill. and 
marble, peat, and marl are found in all parts. Oak, thest- 
nut. and hickory are tiie principal forest trees. The agri- 
cultural productions, besides the grains, are wool, butter, 
flav, and potatoes. The county has a large manufacturing 
interest, including almost every branch, and Poughkeepsie 
employs several large ships in the whaling business. Farms 
3.20S; manuf. 415; dwell. 9,562, and pop. — wh. 57.(i22. ^r. 
col. 1,970— total 53,992. Capital: Poughkeepsie. Pt((>i!.o 
Works: Hudson Eiver E. E. : Harlem K. P.; I'ruvidenee, 
Hartford, and Fishkill P. E.. etc. 

Duck Erancii, p. o., Beaufort dist., S. Car. : 114 m. S. by 
W. Columbia. 

Duck Ckeek, p. c, "Walker co., Ga.: 1S7 ra. N. W. 
Milledgcville. 

Duck Creek, p. o., Dallas co., Tex.: on a cr. of Bois 
d'Arc fork of Trinity r. so called, 1S9 m. N. by "W". Austin 
City. 

Duck Cheek, p. c, Trumbull co., Ohio: 146 m. N. E. 
Cohmibus. 

Duck Creek, hund., Kent co., Del. : between Duck cr. 
and Little Duck cr., extending from Delaware r. to the W. 
line of the Slate, and containing 65.050 acres. Its chief 
trade is in lumber. It has also several grist and other mills. 
Pop. .3,97S. 

Duck Piter, p. 0., Hickman co., Tenn. : on Duck r., 51 
m. S.W. Nashville. 

Duck Spring, p. o., De Kalb co., Ala. : 132 m. N. by E. 
Montgomery. 

Duuley, t. and p. v., Worcester co.. J/ii.?.?. ; on the TV. 
side of Quinnebaug r., 49 m. S. W. Boston. It is a fine 
agricultural district, and has a considerable number of man- 
ufactures. Pop. 1,446. 

Dudley, p. v., Polk co., la. : on the S. side of Des Moines 
r., near the confluence of North r., 9S m. "W. by S. Iowa 
City. 

Dudley, t. and p. v., Hardin co., Ohio: on the Scioto r., 
52 m. N. N. W. Columbus. The v. lies on the N. side of 
the river. Pop. oft. 529. 

DuDLEYTiLLK, p. v., Tallapoosa CO., Ala. : on the E. co. 
lii.e. and about 4 m. S. of Tallapoosa r., 65 m. N. E. Mont- 
gomery. 

DuoLYTOw^r. p. v.. Jackson co., Ind. : on the "W. side of 
Vernon fork of Muscatatuk r., 64 m. S. by E. Indianapolis. 

Dlt. "West Corner, p. v., Abbeville dist., S. Cur. : 115 in. 
"W. by N. Columbia. A weekly newspaper, the "Erskiue 
Jliscellany," is publislied here, and circulates some 750 
copies of each issue. 

DrrFiELo's. p. o., Charles co., Md. 

Duffield's. p. o., Jefferson co., Virff. : 127 m. N. by W. 
i;ichm«tnd. The line of the Baltimore and Ohio E. E. 
strikes this point 6 m. "W. of Harper's Ferry. 

1C5 



DUF 



DtJN 



I>n.-T*s FoBKS, p. v., Fayette co., Ohio: 29 m. S. ^V. 
Columbus. 

DuGDEMONA, p. V., JncksoD par., La. : on the r. so called, 
li7 m. N. "W. Baton Eouge. Dugdemona r. is a consider- 
able stream rising in Bienville and Jackson parishes, and 
emptying into Catahoula Lake. 

Dugger'9 Ferey, p. o., Carter cc, Tenn.: 254 m. E. 
Nashville. 

Dtg Si'uii, p. 0., Carroll co., VirQ.: 1S3 m. W, S. "W. 
liiclimond. 

Di'tiWAY, p. 0., Oswego CO., Nl Y, : 186 m. N". "W. Albany. 

DfiiEDOM, p. 0., Graves co., Ky.: 247 m. "W. S. W. 
FrankforL 

' Dl'iie's county, Jfcws. Situate S. E. in the Atlantic Ocean, 
ami consisting of the islands of Martha's Vineyard, Chap- 
pequiildie, Elizabeth islauds, and No Man's Land — the lat- 
ter of which is the S. extremity of the Stale. These islands 
lie off and S. of Barnstable co. and Buzzard's Bay, and 
contain about 120 sq. m. Martlia's Vineyard, the Indian 
Ko^ye or Capawock^ is 21 m. long and 6 m. in breadth. 
A large portion of the co. is woodland, but there is also 
sufficient grazing and grain land. The exports consist 
chiefly of wool and salt, with some grain, and many of the 
inhabitants are engaged in the flsherics and coasting trade. 
The first settlement of whites in the co. was in ItUl at 
Edgiirton. Farms 265; manuf. IS; dwell. 771, and pop. — 
wh. 4,4S7, fr. col. 53— total 4,540. Capital: Edgartou. 

Dukes, p. o., Tutnam co., Ohio: 9S m. N. "W. CoUunbus. 

Di'MAs, p. v., Tippah county, Mias. : 171 m. N. by E. 
Jackson. 

Du-VAS Store, p. c, Eichmond co., A^ Car. : 79 m. S. TV. 
' Ealeigh, 

Di'MBARTox, t. and p. c, Merrimac co., A^ JTamp. : 10 m. 

5. by W. Concord. Surface elevated, but not hilly; soils 
fertile. Drained by several streams of Merrimac r., on 
which are several mills. 

DuMBAUTOX, p. T., Eamwell disL, S. Car. : CG m. S. "W. 
Columbia. 

DrMBAUTOx, p. v., Adams Co., Ohio: on the E. side of 
Brush cr. <,f the Ohio r., 72 m. S. by W. Columbus. 

DrMriuiy, p. v., Prince William co., Vi/y.: on the N. 
side of Quantico cr., a tributary of Potomac r., 69 m. N. by E. 
Eichmond, It is a thriving v., and has several factories 
and mills. The mouth of Quantico cr., 2i m. below, is the 
best winter harbor in the Potomac, being seldom obstructed 
by ice. 

DuMMKi, t, and p. c, Coos co., A' ITamp. : 9S m. 
N. by W. Concord. Drained by tributaries of Androscog- 
gin and Connecticut rivers. It is a remote town and thinly 
6ettk-d. Pop. 171. 

DuiLMERSTOwy, t and p. v., Windham co., Verm.: on 
Ihv' W. side of Connecticut r., 92 m. S. byE. Monlpelier. 
Drained by West r., which is a flue mill stream. Surface 
hilly and rough, but adapted fur grazing. This is one of 
the earnest settlements. Fort Dummer was founded in 
1625. and is a noted place in the Indian wars. Pop. IjWo. 

Dl-.montville, p. v., Fairfield co., Ohio: 2S m. S. E. 
Columbus. 

DuxcAX, p. 0., Wood CO., Virg. : 253 m. W. N. W. 
Eichmond. 

DcNCAN-, p. v., Cheboygan co. Mich. : 207 m. N. Lansing. 

Duncan, p. v., Mercer co., A'y. : 23 m. 9. Frankfort. 

DcNCANNON, p. v., Pcrry co., Peiin, : on the line of the 
Pennsylvania K. K., 16 m. W. Ilarrisburg. 

Duncan's Creek, p. o., Cleveland co., X. Car. : on a cr. 
of First Broad r. so called, IGS m. W. by S. Ealeigh. 

DrNCAN's Falls, p. o.. Muskingum co., Ohio: on the 
Muskingum r., 56 m. E. Columbus. There is a dam across 
the stream at this point which affords a great head of water. 

Duncan's Mills, p. o., Jasper Co., Mo. : 14S ui. S. W. 
Jefferson City. 

Dunoansville, p, v., Barnwell dist, & Car.:5B m. 

6. by W. Columbia; 

1S6 



Kane co., lU. : on the W. side of Des 
4 m. N. of Elgin, and 171 m. N. E. 



Duncansville, p. v., Blair co.. Penn. : on the line of the 
Alleghany Portage E. P*., 4 m. W. Hollidaysburg, and 141 
ra. by railroad from Harrisburg. 

DuNCANTON, p. v., White CO., III. : on Ucctora fork of 
Saline cr., 14S m. S. E. Springfield. 

Duncanvtlle, p. v., Thomas co., Ga.: on the Thomas- 
nUe and Tallahassee turnpike, 2 m. N. of the Florida State 
line, and lOS m. S. by W. MUledgeville. The Florida 
Branch of the Brunswick and Florida E. E. will pass 
through this place. 

DcNDAFF, p. v., Susquehanna co., Penn.: 122 m. 
N. E. by N. Ilarrisburg. It has a glass-house, several 
stores, and 50 or 60 dwellings. Pop. about 300. 

DuNDAS, p. v., Calumet co., Wise: 96 m. N. X. E. 
Madison. 

Dundee, p, 
Plaines r., about 
Springfield. 

Dundee, t. and p. v., Monroe co., Mich.: watered by 
Eaisiu r., which affords fine mill sites. The v. lies on the 
N. side of the stream, 13 m. from Lake Erie and 65 m. S. E. 
Lamping. It is one of the most flourishing lillages of the 
interior, and has numerous mills Arc. Pop. 1,239. 

Dundee, p. v., Yates co., N. Y. : on Big Stream, a creek 
fulling into Seneca Lake, 15S m. W, Albany. It has sev- 
eral important manufactories, as iron foundries, agricultu- 
ral implement factories, etc., and contains about 1,000 inhab- 
itant.^. A newspaper, the " D. Eecord," is published weekly. 

Dundee, p. v., Tuscarawas co., Ohio: &4 m. E. N. E. 
Columbus. 

DuNDERKAcn, p. V., Eobesou co., K Car.: S4 m. S. S.W. 
Ealeigh. 

DuNGANON, p. v., Columbiana co., Ohio: on the line of 
the Beaver Canal, 2 m. E. of Hanover, and 122 E. N, E. 
Culumbus. 

Dunham, p. o., M'Henry co.. III. : on the E. side of Eusb 
cr. of the N. branch of Kishwaukee r., 194 m. N. X. E. 
Springfield. 

DuNKiNSviLLE, p. V., Adams co., Ohio: 73 m. S. by W. 
Columbus. 

Dunkirk, p. v., Calvert co., Md. : 39 m. S. by Vv. 
Annapolis. 

DuNEiEE, p. v., Chautauque co., K.Y.: on Lake Erie, 27S 
ra. W. Albany. It is the W. terminus of the New York 
and Erie E. E., and is intersected by the Buffalo and Stale 
Line E. E., which forms a link In the line of the Lake Shore 
E. E. from Buffalo to Monroe. It has rapidly progressed 
in every branch of industry since the completion of those 
great works, and is destined to become one of the great 
ports of the lakes. The harbor has been improved, and 
affords 12 feet of water on the bar. Steamboats arrive and 
depart hourly in connection with the railroads, and an 
extensive commerce is carried on, not only with domestic 
ports, but also with those of Canada. The "Chautauque 
Journal" (whig) is published weekly. From Dunkirk to 
New York "City the distance is 469 miles. The harbor, 
formerly called Chadwick's Bay, is capacious, accessible, 
secure, and capable of improvement to one of the best 
upon the lakes. Fop. 3,000. 

DuNKTKK, t. and p. o., Dane co., Wise.: 14 m. S. E. 
Madison. The v. is located on the W. side of Catfish r., 
which drains the t. Pop. 2S3. 

DuNKtEK. p. v., Greenville dist., S. Car.: 106 m. N. W. 
by W. Columbia. 

DuNKUN county, J/b. Situate between 86° and 36^80' 
N. hit., and occupying the W. half of the narrow strip pro- 
jecting below the general line of the State into ^Vrkansas, 
between the Eivcr St. Franc; -is and Ihe Mississippi River; 
it contains about 720 sq. m. The greater portion is a swamp, 
abounding in ponds, lakes, and sluices unfit for cultivation; 
but there are some elevated prairies, perhaps to the extent 
of a fourth of the area of the county, situate principally in 
the N. W. and 9. W. part.. White Water r. has iLs course 



DUN 



DUX 



throngli the swamps, forming; swamp islaniis of various di- 
mensions, etc. No part is fit for human habitation, yet we 
fln<l that it has charms for some witless souls, as its statistics 
will ^hi>w. Farms 76; manuf. 2; dwell. 215, and pop. — wh. 
I,2(t5. fr. t'ol. 11, si. 1:3— toUiI 1,223. Capital: Chilletecaux 
(probably the Indian name for chills and cough). 

DuNLAp, p. 0.) Hamilton co., Ohio: 102 m. S. W. 
Columbus. * 

DuxL.u'*3 Traieie, p. o., Ck>ok co., lU.: 166 m. N. E. 
Springfield. 

I)rxi.ApsriLLE,p. v.. Union co., In'f. : on tlie W. side of 
the E. fork of ^Yhite "Water r., 62 m. E. by S. Indianapolis. 
It contains a Presbyterian church, 3 stores, and 7 mechanic 
sliops. Pop. 225. 

DcsLAPSTiLLE, p. V., LauFcns dlst., S. Car.: 73 m. 
"W. N. W. Columbia. 

DuNLETT, p. v., "Warren co., Ohio: Tl m. "W. S. "W. 
Columbus. 

DuNMORE, p. v., Luzcmc CO., Perm.: 91 m, N. E. 
Harrisburg. 

DuxsixcsTTLLE, p. V., 'Washington co., PeJin. : 1S7 m. 
"W. Uarrisburg; 

DrNNScrEGit, p. v., Clinton co., Pe/tn. : on the W. side 
of the "W. branch of Susquehanna r. and opposite the mouth 
of Bald Eagle cr., 73 m. N. N. "W. Harrisburg, 

Diss's CoKSEn-s, p. o., Kennebec co., Jfe. : 10 m. fcova. 
Augusta. 

DrsNSTiLLE. p. v., Albany co., N. Y. : 14 m. "W. N. "W. 
Albany. 

DvNssTiLLr:, p. v., Essex co., Yirg. : about 2 m, W, of 
Eappahannock r., and 49 m. N. E. Richmond. 

Dunstable, t. and p. o., Middlesex co.. Mass. : on the 
N. State line, 81 m. N. W. Boston. Drained by Nashua 
and Salmon rivers ; surface generally level and soils sandy. 
It has st'veri! mills and a sparse population of about 700 
souls. Poj\ 590. 

DrsTONSviLLE, p. T., Edgefield dist., S. Car. : 57 m. W. 
Columbia. 

Du Page county. III. Situate N. E., and contains 342 
sq. m. Drained by Du Pago r. and other constitutents of 
Illinois r. Surface prairie and woo<lland intermingled ; 
soils of great fertility, producing all the grains, etc. Farms 
960; manuf. IS; dwell. 1.5GS, and pop.— wh. 9.2&7, fr. col. 
8— total 9,290. Capital: Nnperville. PulUc Works: Ga- 
lena and Chicago Union E. li. and Branches; Illinois and 
Michigan Canal, etc. 

Dr PAGE.p. v.,WiU CO., III. : 154 m. N.N. E. Springfield. 

DtTLAiN. t. and p. o,, Clinton co., Mich.: on Maplo r., 
22 m. N. by ^. Lansing. Pop. 419. * 

Duplin county, K. Car. Situate S. E. centrally, and con- 
tains 576 sq. m. Drained by tributaries of North-East Cape 
Fear r, which passes through it. Surface low and level, 
vith frequent swamps and marsh ; soils fertile. Farms 923 ; 
manuf. 57; dwell. 1,419, and pop.— wh. 7,0C5. fr. col. 342, 
61. 6,007— total 13,514. Cajnt^il : Kcnansville. Puhlic 
Works: Wilmington and "Weldon E. E. 

DuPoNT, p. v., Jefferson co., IiuL: on the line of the 
Madison and Indianapolis E. E., 14 m. from Madison and 
74 m. from Indianapolis. It is a pleasant v., and contains 
about GO houses, mostly built since 1^7. 

Dutp-ee's Old Stoee, p. o., Charlotte co,, Yirrj. : 73 m. 
B. ■V\'. by "W. Eichmond. 

Di-Qi-KSNK, p. v., Alleghany co., Penn.: 162 m. W. by N. 
Harrisburg. 

DrQr<tis, p. o., Perry co., III. : on a branch of Muddy 
*cr., 138 m. S. by E. Springfield. 

DuEAND, p. v., Henry co.. Ohio : 112 m. N. W. Columbus. 

DuRANGo, p. v., Dubuque co., la. : on Little Makoqueta 
r., 71 m. N. N. K. Iowa City. 

DuRANTS Neck, p. o., Perquimans co., K. Car. : on the 
neck of land so called, formed between the Perquimans and 
LUtle rivers, and projecting into Albemarle Sound, 130 m. 
K. by N. Eak'igh. 



DuKBEs's Coenees, p. o., WUliams co., OMc : 133 m. 
N. "W. C<jlumbu3. 
DuRELL, p. v.. Bradford co., Penn, : 11 7 m. N. Harrisburg. 
DuRUAM, t. and p. v., Middlesex co., Conn.: 19 m. S. 
Ilarlfurd. Drained by "West r., a tributary of the Connec- 
ticut, -whicU affords water-power. Surface uneven; soila 
fertile. The v. has a pleasant location on West r., near tho 
centre of tho town. Pop. 1,065. 

DuKKAM, t. and p. o., Cumberland co., Me. : on the S. W. 
side of Androscoggin r., 31 m. S. by "W. Augusta. It is a 
flue agricultural t.. and has a prosperous river trade. A 
bridge over the river counecta it with the opposite town of 
Lisbon. Pop. 1.^94. 

Durham, t and p. v., Strafford co., N. Uamp. : 32 m. 
E. by S. Concord. Drained by tributaries of Pijcalaqua 
r., which afford water-power. The v. is on Oyster r., which 
is na\igable for small craft. Granite is the chief export. 
In early times this town was the scene of many Indian 
barbarities. Pop. 1,493. 

Durham, p. v., Hancock co., III. : 94 m. "W. N. "W. 
Springfidd. 

Durham, t. and p. v., Greene co., IT. T.: 28 m. S. "W. 
Albany, Surface hilly and broken ; soils, clay and gravelly 
loam. Tho v. stands on the Calskill r., and has about 200 
inhabitants. Pop, of t,2,600. 

DuEUAM. t and p. o., Bucks co., Penn.: on the W. side 
of Di'laware r., 92 m. E. by N. Harrisburg, and drained by 
Cooks or Durham cr., which affords watt-r-power. A sin- 
gular and extensive cave is found in the limesttme rock of 
this t., called ,Ihe Devil's Hole, at tho bottom of which is a 
basin of pure water 20 feet wide, which has a subterranean 
outlet. Pop. about 800. 

Durham Centre, p. o., Middlesex co., Conn.: 21 m. S. 
Hartford. 

Dueuam's Ceeek, p. o., Beaufort co., K. Car. : on a or. of 
Pamlico Sound so called, 9S m. E. by S, Ealeigh. 

Duehamville, p. v., Oneida co., N. Y.: on both sides 
of Oneida cr., 106 m. W. N. "W, Albany. It is a v. of some 
200 inhabitants. 

Dup.HAMTii.LE, p. v., Laudcrdalo co., Teyin. : about 7 m. 
N. of Big Hatohee r., and near the E. line of the co., 153 
m. "W. by S. NashviUe. 

DuKiiAMTiLLE, p. v., Orange co., K Car.: 42 m. N. "W, 
Ealeigh. 

I)uelock, p. v., Lancaster co., Penn.: 36 m. E. S. E. 
Harrisburg. 

Dueoc, p. 0., Benton co., Mo, : 67 m. "W. S. "W. Jefferson 
City. 

DmEETSVTixE, p. v., Eichmond co., Virg. : 53 m. E. N. E. 
Eichmond. 

DuTcu Cdeee, p. 0., Washington co., la. : on a creek of 
Skunk r., 33 m. S. W. by S. Iowa City. 

Dutch Creek, ]). o.. Brown co., Wise: on the cr. so 
called, 122 m, N. N. E. Madison. 

Dutch Neck, p. o., Mercer co.. If. Jer. 

DuTCUTiLLE, p. v., Granvillc co., N. Car.: 42 m. N. 
Ealeigh. Pop. 762. 

DuTOTSBURon, p. 0., Monroe co., Penn. : on the "W. eidp 
of Delaware r., to the N. of the Water Gap, 106 m. N. E. 
Uarrisburg. It contains about SO inhabitants. 

Duval county, Flor. Situate N. E., and contains 72* 
sq. m. Drained by tributaries of Nassau, St. John's, and, 
St. Mary*s rivers. Surface level, covered with pine, and 
the soils light but fertile, producing cotton and sugar. The 
planters have easy access to market through tho abuve- 
named rivers, which are all navigable, and no part of the 
county is more than 20 miles distant from one or the other. 
Farms 1G7; manuf. 5; dwelL 451, and pop.— wh. 2,33S, fr, 
col. 95. si. 2,106— total 4,5:i9. Capital: Jacksonville. 

DuvALL's Blxjff, p. o., Prairie co., Ark. 

DuiBURY, t. and p. o., Plymouth co., Mass. : on Plymouth 
Harbor. 81 m. S. S. E. Boston. Garnet's Point is within the 
town limits. The soil is sandy, but much of the land iB 

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fertile. It has some manufactures and aboat 2,679 in- 
liaMtaiitB. 

DwHiuT, p. v„ Pope CO., Ark: : on Illinois cr. of Arkan- 
sas r.. 06 m. N. W. by W. Litlle liock. 

DvccsBcrKGii, p. v., Crittenden co., AV- •" 192 m. \V. by S. 
frank fort. 

■ Dyer county, Tenn. Situate N. W. on Mississippi r., and 
drained by Itedfoot, Obion, and Forked Deer rivers; area 
840 sq. m. The surface is roiling, well wooded, and the 
soils fL-rtilc. On the Mississippi r., however, are extensive 
alluvial flats. Tho grains are the chief products, and some 
tobacco and cotton are grown. Farms 515; manuf. 7; 
dwell 824, and pop.— wh. 4,873, fr. col. 10, si, 1,4GS— total 
6.351. Capital : Dyersburg. Public Works : Mobile and 
Ohio II. K. 

Dtersbctrgh, p. v., and cap. Dyer co., Tenn.: on the N. 
side of the N. fork of Forked Deer cr, 146 m. W. Nashville. 
It contains the co. offices and about 140 dwellings. Its 
trade with the neighborhood is considerable. 

Dvkeman's, p. v., Putnam co., Ji. Y.: S2 m. S. by E. 
Albany. 

DysoN's, p. 0., Guernsey co., Ohio : 79 m. E. by N- 
Columbus. 



E. 



Eagle, p. v.. La Salle co., III.: on the E. side of, and 
aoout 2 m. from Vermillion r. of the Illinois, 103 m. N. N. E. 
Springfield. 

Kagle, p. o., Warren county, PeJin. : 168 m. N. W. 
Uarrisbtirg. 

Eagle, t. and p. o., Clinton oo., M!c?i. : 12 m. W. by N. 
Lan-^inij. Grand r. and lis branch, the Looking-glass r., 
flow through the town, and funiish a vast mill-power. 

Eacle, t. and p. v., Wyoming co., jV. Y. : 226 m. W. by S. 
Albany. Drained by head waters of Cattaraugus cr., etc. 
Surface undulating. Soils argillaceous loam, well suited to 
gniss anrl grain— heavily timbered. Pop. 1,3S1. 

Eagle, t. and p. o., Hancock co., Ohio: 7S m.N."W. byX. 
Columbus. Drained by Eagle and other creeks of Itlan- 
chard"s fork of Maumee r. Surface diversified. Soils dark 
loam, and on the streams well wooded. Tlie creeks afford 
excellent water-power. Pjp. 0')\ 

Eagle Bridgk. p. o., Washington Co., JVi Y. : on Iloosic 
r., 26 ra. N. E. ^Mbany. This is a great railroad centre, 
where the peveral lines leading N. and S., and E. and W,, 
meet nnd form junctions. 

Eagle Cjjffs, p. o., Monroe co., Ifl. : on the bluffs of the 
Mississippi r., 6 ra. W. by N. Waterloo, and 109 m. S. S. W. 
Springfield. 

Eagle Creek, p. o., Bradley co., Ark.: on thfi cr. so 
called. S2 m. S. E. Little Rock. 

Eagle Creek, p. o., Benton co., Tenn.: on the cr. so 
called, 69 m. \V. Nashville. 

Eagle creek, Ind.: a fine mill-stream, rising in Boone 
Co. ; runs S. about 40 m., and empties into White r., 4 m. 
below Indianapolis. Its Indian name was Lau-a-shinga- 
pfiiiii-honnock, or *' Middle of tlie Valley," so called from 
the extensive bottoms. sometimes4 orSm. in width, through 
whieh it courses. 

Eagle Eyey, p. o., Cedf;')rd co., Virg. : 123 m. W. by S. 
iMehmond. 

EAGf.E Falls, p. o., Kockingham co., N. Car.: 66 m. 
N. W. Raleigh. 

Eagle Forxnuv, p. o., Huntingdon co., Penn.: 62 m. 
W. by N. Harrisburg. 

Eagle Furnace, p. c, Eoane co., Tenn. : 134 m. E. by 9. 
Nashville. 

Eagle Grote, p. c, Elbert co., Ga.: 74 m. N. N. E. 
Itlilledgeville. 

Eagle Harbor, p. v., Orleans county, N. K;220 m. 
"W. by N, Albany. It is a considerable village of 700 or 
138 



800 inhabitants, and lies on the Erie Canal, 57 m. E. of 
Buffalo. 

Eagle Habbob, p. v., Houghton co., Mich. : on the N. 
side of Kew-y-wee-non Peninsula, about 15 m. W. of Cop- 
per Harbor, and S60 m. N. W. Lansing. This is a fine 
harbor opening to Lake Superior, and of late it has become 
a dep6t lor the copper miners of the neighborhood, from 
which they export their products and reeeive their sup- 
plies. Quite a village is already planted. 

Eagle Lake, p. o., Oakland co , Mich.: on the borders 
of the lake so called, 55 m. E. Lansing. ■ 

Eagle Lake, p. o., Colorado co., Tex. : on the E. side 
of the lake so called, 100 m. E. S. E. Austin City. The lake 
is situated about 20 va. S. 9. E. Columbus, the co. seat. 

Eagle Mills, p. o., Rensselaer co., K. Y. : 26 m. N. E. 
Albany. 

Eagle Mills, p. c, Iredell co., IT. Car. : 132 m. W. 
Raleigh. 

Eagle Point, p. o., Ogle county. III. : 160 m. N. by E. 
Springfield. 

Eagle Riter, p. v., Houghton co., Midi. : about 360 m. 
N. TY. Lansing. The river itself is of trifling dimensions; 
but it has become the seat of vast mining operations. It 
empties into Lake Superior, about 8 m.W. of Eagle Harbor. 

Eagle Rock, p. o.. Wake co., y. Car. : 12 m, E. Raleigh. 

Eaglesmeee, p. o., Sullivan co., Penn. : 81 m. N. by B. 
Harrisburg. 

Eagle Towin, p. v., Choctaw Nation, Ind. Ter. : on tho 
W. side of Mountain Fork of Little r., an affluent of Red r., 
153 m. W. by S. LitUe Kock, Ark. 

Eagle Town, p. v., Hamilton co., Ind. : on the E. branch 
of Eagle cr., 21 m. N. by W. Indianapolis. 

Eagle Village, p. v., Boone co.. Ind. : on the E. side 
of Eagle cr., and on the Michigan Road, 14 m. N. N. W. 
Indianapolis. There are several extensive mills on the cr., 
both above and below the place. Pop. about 200. 

Eagle Village, p. v., Wyoming county, y. Y. : 223 m. 
W. by S. Albany. 

Eagleville, p. v., Ashtabula co., Ohio: 163 m. N. E. 
Columbus, and about 4 m. S. W. of Jefferson, the co. seat. 

Eagleville, p. v., Williamson county, Ten?i.: 27 m. S. 
Nashville. 

Eagleville, p. v., Tolland co.. Conn. : on the New Lon- 
don, Willimantic, and Palmer R. R., 22 m. E. Hartford, and 
36 m. from New Loudon. 

Eagleville. p. v.. Waukesha co., Wise.: on the line of 
the Milwaukie and Mississippi R. R., 49 m. E. S. E. Madi- 
son, and 36 m. from Milwaukie. 

Earle"8 Furnace, p. c, Cass co., Ga.: 126 m. N. W. 
Milled geviile. 

Earlicsville, p. v., Spartanburgh dist., S.Car.: 82 m. 
N. N. W. Columbia. 

Earl^hlle, p. v., La Salle co,, III.: on the highland 
between Big and Little Indian creeks of Fox r., S ra. from 
the N. CO. line, aud 133 m. N. N. E. Springfield. 

Earlville. p. v., Madison co., jV. Y. : 76 m. W. Albany, 
and on the Chenango River and Canal, 36 m. from Utica, 
and 41 from BIngharapton. It is a thriving place, has sev- 
eral warehouses and stores, and about 260 inhabitants. 

Earlville, p. v., Berks co., Penn. : 63 ra. E. Harrisburg, 

Early county, Ga. Situate S. W., and contains S64 sq, 
m. Drained in the E. by Spring cr, of Flint r., and in the 
W. by or. of Chattahoochee r., which runs along its W. 
border. Surface lewl and soils generally fertile, producing 
large crops of Indian corn and cotton, with some rice, sugar, 
ete. Farms 867; manuf. 11; dwell. 656, nnd pop, — ^wh. 
8,716, fr. col. 1, hL 8,529— total 7.246. Capital : Blakely. 

Early Grove, p. o., Marshall co., Misa. : 171 ra. N. by E. 
Jackson. 

Early Grove, p. o., Lincoln co., 2T. Car. : 142 ra. W. by 
S. Raleigh. 
\ EARLYsv^LLE, p. v., Albemarle co., Virg. : 69 in.W. N.W, 
I Richmond. 






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EiRPvaLE, p. v., ITpshur co., Tkc. : 252 m. N. E. Austin. 
East Abingdon, p. v., Plymouth co., Mass. : on Pem- 
broke cr. of North r., 18 m. S. S. E. Boston. 

East Alton, jt. v., Belknap co., ^V. Ilamjy. : 23 m. N. E. 
Concord. 

East Akdoter, p. v., Merrimac co., K. ITamp. : on the 
line of the Northern E. E., 25 m. N. N. W. Concord. 

East Acbubn, p. v., Cumht-rland co., 3Te. : on the W. 
side of Androscosffin r.. 27 ni. S. W. Aug:usta. 

East Aurora, ]>. v., Eric co., N. Y. : 24^3 m. "W. Albany. 
Situated on a branch of Buffalo creek. 

East Avon. p. v., Livingston co., N. K : 19G m. W. Al- 
bany. On the line of the Buffalo. Corning:, nnd New York 
E. K., and about 2 m. E. of Avon Sprini^s. It is a v. of 
some 400 inhabitants, and is surrounded by a highly-culti- 
vated and thickly-seltled country. 

East Bam>w!N, p. v., Cumberland co., Mc: on the E. 
side ofSaco r., 6-3 m. S.'W. Aug:usta. 

EasT Barnard, p. v., Windsor co., Venn. : 33 m. S. 
Montpelier. 

East Bakre, p. v., Iluntingdon co., Penn. : 59 m.TV. N.'W. 
Harrisburg:. 

East Bend, p. o., Surrey co., JVI Ctu'. : 112 m. W. by N. 
Ealeigh. 

East Bergen, p. v., Genesee co., N. Y. : on the Buffalo 
and Eochc&ter E. E., 59 m. from Buffalo, auJ 269 m. from 
Albany. 

East Berkshire, p. v.. Franklin co., Vet-^in. : on the 
N. W. side of Missisqui r., 51 m. N. by W. Montpelier. 

East Berlin, p. v., St. Clair co., Mich.: ?4 m. E. by N. 
Lansing. 

East Berlin, p. v., Adams co., Penn.: 25 m. S. "VT. 
Harrisburg. 
East Berne, p. v., Albany co., 2^. Y. : 16 m. "W. Albany. 
East Bethany, p. v., Genesee co., JV; Y. : 21S m. "W. 
Albany. 

East Bethel, p. v., Oxford co.. 3fe. : on the N. side of 
Alder cr., nn affluent of Androscoggin r., 46 m. W. Augusta, 
and. by the Atlimlic and St. Lawrence E. E., 6<I m. from 
Portland. 

East Bethel, p. v., "Windsor county, V' rm. : 29 m. S. 
Montpelier. 

East Betiileitem, t. and p. o., ■Washington co., Penn.: 
168 m. "W. by S. Harrisburg. Monongahela r. and its trib- 
litiirj-, Ten Mile cr., makes its boundary 8. and E. There 
are several villages in the town. The surface is hilly, and 
the soil a rich loam. It has several factories, milln, and 
distilleries, and is crossed by the National Koad. 

East Bloomfield, t. an<I p. v., Ontario co., X. Y. : 1S4 m. 
"W. Albany. Drained by Mud cr. Surface untluhUing: soil 
clay and sandy loam. The v. on the "NN". side of the cr. has 
several stores and about 450 inhabitants. Pop. uf t. about 
2,262. 
East Boston, p, o., SufTolk co,, Mafit. : (See Boston.) 
East Brewer, p. v.. Pcnrthscot ro., M<\: about 7 in. E. 
Bangor, and 71 ni. E. N. E. Augusta. 

East Brewster, p. v.. Barnstable co., Jfast. : 79 ni. S. E. 
Boston. 

East Brihgewater, t. and p. v., Plymouth co., Mn.^s. : 22 
m. S. Boston. Drained by a braneli of Taunton r., which 
furnishes water-power. P. 2,545. It has several large fac- 
tories, mills, .and mechanic shops; and is connected with 
Boston by the Bridgewater Branch and the Old Colony U. E. 
East Brook, p. o., Lawrence co., Penn. : ls2 m.W.N.W. 
Ilarrisburg. 

E.vST Brookfield. p. v., Worcester co., Mass.: on the 
"Western E. K., 55 m. W. by S. Boston. 

East Deooefield, p. v., Orange co., Venn. : on a branch 
of While river. 

East Ecrke, p. v.. Caledonia co., Venn.: on a cr. of 
Passumsic r., 44 m. N. E. Montpelier. 

East Burnham, p. v.. "Waldo co.. Me.: on the N. E. side 
of a small lake, 34 m. N. E. Augusta. 



East Calais, p. v., "Washingtun co., Venn. : 13 m. N. E. 
Montpelier. 

East Cambripge, p. v., Middlesex co., ^ftwi. : in the 
metropolitan district of Boston, and on the line of the Bos- 
ton and Lowt-ll E. E. It is connected with Boston by Canal 
Bridge, and by the viaduct of the Boston and Lowell E. E. 
over Charles river. It contains a court-house, jail, and is a 
large and flourishing village. The former name of the place 
was Lechmere Point. 

East Cameron, p. v., Steuben co., A'. Y. : 1S4 m. "W. by S. 
Albany. 

East Canaan, p. v., Grafton co., Jf. Ilamp. : 89 m. 
N. W. by N. Concord. 

East Canaan, p. v., Litchfield co., Conn. : 36 m. W. N.W. 
Hartford. 

E-vst Canisteo, p. v.. Steuben co., K. Y. : 192 m. "W. by S. 
Albany. The v. lies on the Canisteo r., and the New York 
and Erie E. P.., 337 m. from New York City, and 132 from 
Dunkirk, now called Adrian. 

East Carleton, p. v., Orleans co., X. Y. : 22S m.W. by N. 
Albany. Situate on a branch of Oak-Orchard creeli. 

E.\ST Centreville, p. v., Indiana co., Penn. : 123 m. 
"W. by N. Ilarrisburg. 

East Charlemont, p. v., Franklin co., Mass. : on tlic N. 
side of Deerfleld r., and on the line of the Greenfield and 
North Adams E. E., 92 m. Vs. by N. Boston. 

East Charleston, p. v., Orleans co., Verrii.: on the N. 
side of Clyde r. of Lake Memphrcraagog, a few m. W. of 
the outlet of Seymour Lake, 51 m. N. N. E. Montpelier. 
The line of railroad projected from Eouse's Point to the 
Atlantic and St. Lawrence E. E. will intersect the village. 

East Ciiatilui, p. v., Columbia co., K. Y. : 19 m. S. E. 
Alliany. The Albany and "West StockI>ridge (western) 
K. E., and the Hudson and Berkshire E. E. intersect here. 

East Chester, p, v., Eockingham co., -tV. Uamp. : 23 ra. 
S. S. E. Concord. 

East Chester, t. and p. v., West Chester co.. K. Y.: 114 
m. S. Albany. Drained by Bronx and Hutchinson creeks, 
afllucnls of Long Island Sound. Surface hilly and stony. 
Soil a fertile loam. The v., on the E. side of East Cliesler 
cr., has a convenient harbor, and owns several sloops em- 
ployed in tradingwilh New York. The Harlem E. E.. nnd 
the New York and New Haven E. E. pass through the 
town about 16 m. from New York. There arc in the town 
91 farms, 7 manufacturing establishments, 26S dwellings, 
and 1,679 inhabitants. 

East China, p. v., "Wyoming county, 2^. Y. : 225 m. ^\'. 
Albany. 

East Clacendon, p. v., Eutland co., Venn. : 54 m. 
S. by W. Montpelier. 

EASTCLAi:inoN,p. o., Geauga co., Ohio: on the E. branch 
of Cuyahoga r., 141 m. N. E. Columbus. 

East Clarksfielp, Huron co., Ohio: on the riglit side 
of Vermillion r. of Lake Erie, ISO m. N. N. E. Columljus. 

East Claekeon, p. o., Monroe co., A^ Y. : 212 ni.W. by N. 
All.tany. 

East Cle\t;land, p. v., Cuyahoga co., Ohio: about 4 m. 
E. by S. Cleveland, and 124 m. N. E. Columbus. 

East Coehleskili^ p. v., Schoharie eo., K. Y.: 33 in.'W. 
Albany. Situated on the S. side of CobbUskill cr. 

East Constaelk, p. o., Franklin co., A'. }'. ; 154 m. 
N. by W. Albany. 

East Corinth, Penobscot co., Me. : on a cr. of Kendu&- 
keag r. of the Penobscot, 63 m. N. E. Aug\ista. 

East Corinth, p. v.. Orange co., Venn. : on "Wait's r. of 
the Connecticut. 22 m. S. E. Montpelier. 

East Craftshury, p. v., Orleans county, Venn. : 31 m. 
N. N. E. Monlpelier. 

East Creek, p. o.. Cape May co., K Jer. : 79 m. S. In- E. 
Trenton. 

East CrTcnoorE, p. v.. Suffolk co., N. Y. : near the line 
of the Long Island }'. E.. G m. "W. of Grecnporl. and 1J9 
m. S. E. by S. Albany. 

1S9 



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East Diios, p. v., Barnstable co., J/a*s. ; 6G m. S. E. 
Boston. 

East Disfield, p. v., Oxford co., Me. : SI m. E. by N. 
Augusta. 

East DiiiiOMT, p. v., Penobscot co.. Me. : 44 m. N, E. 
Augusta. 

East Dokset, p. v., Bennington oo., Term: on the line 
of the Western Vermont R. E., 74 m. 6. by W. Montpelier, 

East Douglass, p. v., "Worcester co., Mass. : on Mum- 
ford r., an affluent ofBlackstone r., SS m. S.W. Boston. 

East Dovee, p. o., Piscataquis co., Me. : 71 m. N. N. E. 
Augusta. 

East Duanksborgh, p. 0., Schenectady co., K T.: 21 
IE. W. N. W. Albany. 

East Durham, p. o., Greene co., JT. T. : 26 m. S. W. 
Albany. 

Eabt Eddisgton, p. T., Penobscot co., Me, : 72 m. N. E. 
Augusta. 

East Edes, p. o., Erie co., K Y. : 256 m. W. Albany. 

East Eluott," p. v., York co., Me. : on the line of the 
Portsmouth, Saco, and Portland K. R., 99 m. S. 8. W. 
Augusta. 

East Evans, p. o., Erie co,, N. Y. : 263 m.W. Albany. 

East Exetee, p. v., Monroe co., Mich. : on Stony cr. of 
Lake Erie, 73 m. S. E. Lansing. 

East FAiitFrELP, p. v., Columbiana co., Ohio: 136 m. 
E. N. E. Columbus. 

East Faiefeeld, p. v., Franklin co., Verm. : on an afflu- 
tnce of Missisqui r., 41 N. N. W. Montpelier. 

East Falsiouth, p. v., Biimstablo co., Mass. : at the 
head of an inlet of Vineyard Sound, 61 m. S. S. E. Boston. 

East FisnKiLL, t,. Duchess co., i^'I Y. : 72 m. S. Albany. 
Drained by Fishkill cr. Surface hilly m S. ; in N. dechning 
to plains. The t. contains 210 farms, 13 manufacturmg 
establishments, 441 dwellings, and 2,610 inhabitants. 

East Florbkcb, p. o., Oneida co., iV. Y. : IDS m.W. N.W. 
Albany. 

EASTFOnn, t. and p. v., Windham co.. Conn.: 31 m. 
E. by X. Tlartford. Dramed by Natchaug r., a tributary of 
Willimanlic r. The v. is located between the forks of tho 
r., and has several manufactures. Pop. 1 12S. 

East Foek, p. c, Montgomery co., lU. : on the E. fork 
of Shoal CT., an affluent of tho Kaskaskia r., 47 m. S. S. E. 
Springfield. 

East Foek, p. o., Macon co., Mo. : on the E. fork of 
Chariton r., S9 m. N. by W. Jefferson City. 

East FosnoRouan, p. v., Norf<^lk co.. Mass,: near the 
line of the Boston and Providence R. E., 23 m. S. by W. 
Boston. 

East Feaxkldj, p. v., Franklin co., Venn. : 54 m. N. by 
W. Montpelier. 

East Feeedom, p. o., Blair co., I^enn. ; 84 m. W. by N. 
Ilarrisbiu-g. 

East FEEET0^vN, p. o., Cortlandt connty, y. Y. : 114 m. 
W. by S. Albany. 

East Gaixes, p. c, Orleans co., A'". Y. : 223 m. W. by N. 
Albany. 

East Gaise^ville, p. o., Wyoming co., A^ Y. : 21S m. 
W. Albany. 

East Galwat, p. o., Saratoga co., K Y. ; 27 m. N. N.W. 
Albany. 

East Genoa, p. v., Cayuga county, A'l Y. : 137 m. W. 
Albany. 

East Georgia, p. v., Franklin co., Verm. : on the Une 
of the Vermont Central II. K., 4S m. N. W. Montpelier. 

East Germ^vn, p. o., Chenango co., N. Y. : 100 m.W. by S. 
Albany. 

East Geemasto-wn, p. v., Wayne co., Ind. : 56 m. E. 
Indianapolis. 

East Glesvillk, p. o., Schenectady co., A^ Y. : 19 m. 
N. W. Albany. 

East Gration, p. o., Rensselaer co., Ji. Y. : 21 m. X. E. 
Albany. 

190 



East Geauby, p. v., Uartford county, Coim. ; 14 m. N 
Hartford. 

East Geakville, p. v., Hampden co., Mtsa. : on an afflo* 
ent of Westfleld r., 98 m. W. by S. Boston. 

East Geeenbush, p. v., Rensselaer county, X. Y. :6 m. 
E. by 6. Albany. It contains about 30 dwellings. 

East Gree>'E, p. o., Chenango co., A^. Y. : 99 m.W. S.W. 
Albany. 

East Geeenville, p. v., Stark co., Ohio: 100 m. N. E, 
Columbus. 

East GitEENwicn, p. o., Washmgton co., AC K ; 34 m. 
N.N. E.Albany. 

E^iST Geeexwich, t., p. v., and cap. Kent co., R. L : 12 
m. S. Providence. Drained by Maskachug and Hunt's 
rivers, on which are numcruus cotton and other manufac- 
tories. Sm"face rather rough and stony. Soils comparatively 
fertile, yielding good crops of com, barley, and potatoes. 
The t. is also noted for its excellent thiil and cider. The 
harbor in front of the v., an arm of Narraganset Bay, is deep 
enough for vessels of 500 tons. A number of vessels are 
owned here, and the coasting trade and fisheries give em- 
ployment to many of the inhabitants. Across the bay to 
Bristol Is about S miles. The village is intersected by tho 
Stoningtou and Providence R. R. Pop. of t. 2,358. 

East Grove, p. o., Henry co., Ja.: 52 m. S. Iowa City. 

East Geovelaxd, p. o,, Livingston co., K, 1*. : 197 m. 
W. Albany. 

East Gdtlfoed, p. v., Chenango county, A'l r. ; S4 m. 
W. by S. jVlbany. Situate on the W. side of L'nadiUa cr., 
and contains about 30 dweUings. 

East Haddam, t. and p. v., Middlesex co.. Conn.: 27 
m. S. S. E. Hartford. Drained by tributaries of Connecticut 
r., which makes its W. border. Surface uneven and rocky. 
Soil fertile, and adapted to grazing. The v. of East Had- 
dam lies on the E. bank of tho Connecticut, a little below 
tho mouth of Sahnon r., 14 m. from Long Island Sound. 
It is a thriving place, with a bank, etc. In the t. there are 
several other manufacturing villages — on Salmon r. aad its 
tributary, Moodus r. Pop. of L 2,610. 

Eastilvm, t. and p. v., Barnstable co., 3fass. : 67 m. S. E. 
Boston. Situate on Cape Cod, about half way between the 
elbow an<l the Cape. Surface flat. Soil sandy and sterile. 
Tho inhabitants are chiefly engaged in coasting and the 
fisheries, and in the manufacture of salt, which is produced 
by the evaporation of sea-water. Pop. S45. 

E,\ST Uajueuegq, p. 0., Erie co, 2f. Y. : 249 m. W. 
Albany. 

East Hamilton, p. o., Madison county, 2/'. Y. : S2 m. 
W. by N. Albany. 

East Hampden, p. v., Penobscot co.. Me.: on tho W. 
side of Penobscot r., immediately below the confluence of 
Sowadal>scook r., 59 m. N. E. Augusta. 

East Hampton, p. v., Middlesex co., Conn.: on Pine 
Brook, the outlet of Pocotopoguc Pond, 17 m. S. S. E. 
Hartford. The New York and Boston E. E. (direct line) 
will pass through tho village. 

East Hampton Lake, p. o., Middlesex co., Conn. : 15 m. 
S. S. E. Ilariford. 

East Hampton, 1. and p. v., Hampshire co., J/dSS. ; 98 
m. W. by S. Boston. Drained by several tributaries of 
Connecticut r. Surface variegated, and soils alluvial and 
very productive. The v. is pleasantly sittiate on a fine mill- 
stream, and has several factories of cotton goods, boots and 
shoes, etc. Mt. Tom lies between this t. and tlie Connec- 
ticut r. The line of the abandoned Hampshire and Hamp- 
den Canal passes through the t., and will be probably filled 
up and used as the bed of the New Haven and Northamp- 
ton R. R. Pop. 1,342. 

East Hamttun. t. and p. V., Suffolk co., .V. Y. : 1.3Sm. 
S. E. .[Ubany. Occupies ihe extreme E. peninsula of Long 
Island, and includes Gardiner's and other small islands. 
Surface level ; soil, sandy alluvion. Tuward Maiitauk 
Point the land is rugged. On Uiis noted poibt there is a 



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light-house 140 feet high, the li^bt of which can he seen 
80 m. from sea. A remnant of the Slontauk Indians re- 
side here on a conditional reaen'ation of 1,000 acres. The v. 
lies on a single street and contains about 400 inbabitanta. 
There are in llie t. 1(33 farms, 2 roanufaoturing establish- 
ments, 423 dwellinccs, and 2,122 inhabitants. * ^ 

East Hanover, t. and p. o., Lebanon co., Penv. : 21 m. 
E. ITarri&burg;. It lies between the Blue Mountains and 
Swalara cr., which gi\"e3 it considerable water-power. It 
has sevt^ral mills, etc., and about 2,000 inhabitants. 

East IIardwick, p. v., Caledonia co., Veny^. : on La 
Moille r., 24 m. N. E. by N. Monlpelier. 

East IIaetj'obd, t. and p. v., Hartford ca, Con7i.: on 
the E. side of Connecticut r., opposite to Hartford, with 
which it is connected by a bridge, and the Providence, 
Hartford, and Fishkill R. K. here crosses the r. The t. is 
drained chiefly by Hockanum r., which falls into the Con- 
necticat, and affords extensive water-power. The land on 
the Connecticut is an allu\ial meadow, very fertile ; back 
of this it rises 15 or 20 feet to an extensive plain, and a 
canseway a mile long extends across the meadows to the 
bridge. The v. is pleasantly located on the plain, mostly 
on one broad street, shaded by lofty elms and other trees, 
the former in rows down tho middle and the latter on its 
sides. East Hartford has long been noted for its manufac- 
tures and has still a considerable amount. The first powder- 
mill in the country was erected here in 1775. The present 
population of the t. amounts to 2,497 souls. 

East Haewick, p. v., Barnstable co., Mase. : 72 m. S.E. 
Boston. 

Eaft Haten", t. and p. v., New Haven co., Conn. ; on the 
E. side of New Haven Harbor, and on Long Island Sound, 
S7ra. S. by W. Hartford; and separated iVom New Haven 
by Quinnipiac r., over which there are bridges and railroad 
viaducts. Farm r. also runs through the town. The sur- 
face is generally level, and tho soil light and sandy or sandy 
loam— to the E., however, it is hilly, and the soil a gravelly 
loam. The v. is pleasantly located and commands a fine 
prospect of Long Island Sound. It has some trade, and 
many of the inhabitants arc engaged in coasting and fish- 
ing. The New Haven and New Lomlun K. R. passes 
through it. Ropulalion of the t. 1.673. A light-house 
stands on Five Mile Point, the E. side of the entrance to the 
harbor. 

East Haven, t. and p. o., Essex co., Venn.: 4Q m. 
N. E. by E. Montpeiler. Drained by Paul's stream on the 
E., and on the ^Y. by Passumsic r. Surface mountainous 
and rugged, and but a small portion fit for cultivation. It 
is very sparsely settled. Pup. 91. 

East HArEniiiLi., p. v., Essex co., Maes. : on the N. side 
of Merrimac r., 82 m. N. Boston. 

East IIaveuhill, p. v., Grafton co., A'i Uamp. : 13 m. 
N. N. W. Concord. 

East Hebron, p. v., Oxford en., ^fe. : on a cr. of Little 
Androscoggin r., and on the lino of the Bucklleld Branch 
E. E., 81 m. W. S. W. Augusta. 

East HEMrnELn, t. and p. o., Lancaster co., Penn. : 82 
m. E, S. E. Harrisburg. Drained by Little Conestoga r. 
Surface generally level, and soils fertile. There are several 
distilleries, mills, etc., in the town, and about 1,S00 inhabit- 
ants. The Lancaster and Harrisburg R. R. passes through 
it, 5 m. TV. Lancaster. 

East IlEnniCK, p. o., Bradford co., Penn.: 103 m. 
N. by E. Harrisburg. 

East lIiGncATE, p. v., Franklin co., Ve7-7n..: on the N. 
eldo of Missisqui r., 52 m. N. N. "W. Montpelier. 

East Hill, p. v., Alleghany co., K y. .- 203 m.W. Albany. 

East Houee, p. o., Cortlandt co., iV. Y.: 117 m. W. 
Albany. 

East HotrNDsFiELD, p. c, Jefferson co., iK K .• 143 m. 
N. "W. Albany. 

East Jaffeey, p. v., Cheahire co., IT. Jlomp. : 36 m. 
S. W. Concord. 



East Java, p. o., "Wyoming co., N. T.: 226 m. TV. 
Albany. 

East Kent, p. o., Litchfield co., Conn. : 41 m. W. by S, 
Hartford. 

East Kill, p. c, Greene co., JV. Y. : 40 m. S. S. W. 
Albany. 

East Kfllinglt, p. v., Windham co., Conn.: 46 m. E. 
Hartford. 

East Kingston, t and p. v., Rockingham co., JT. ITarnp. ; 
87 m. 8. E. Concord. Drained by Pow-wow r. Soils fer- 
tile. It has several mills, tanneries, etc. The t. is located 
on the Boston and Maine R. R. Pop. oft. 532. 

East Knox, p. o., Waldo Co., Me.^- 29 m. E. N. E. 
Augusta. 

East Kov, p. o., "Wyoming co., 2^. Y. : on East Koy cr., 
21S m. W. Albany. The creek rises in Genesee co., and in 
Allegliany co. unites with West Koy cr., whence it flows 
into Genesee r. It is a good mill stream. 

East Lajs'daff, p. o., Grafton co., N". Uamp. ; at the S. 
base of Landaff Mountain, 94 m. N. by W. Concord. The 
finest of iron ore abounds in this vicinity. 

East Lansing, p. o., Tompkins co., N. Y.: 136 m. 
W. by S. Albany. 

East La Poete, p. o., Haywood co., N. Car. : 246 m. 
W. Raleigh. 

East Lebanon, p. v., Graflon co., iV. JTamp.: at the 
N. end of Mascoma Pond, 4G m. N. W. Concord. The 
Northern (N. H.) R. R. intersects the v., 61 m. by the route 
from Concord. 

East Lee, p. o., Berkshire co., Mus. : 113 m. W. Boston. 

East Lempstek, p. o., Sullivan co., iV. Uamp. : 31 m. W. 
Concord. 

East Leon. p. o., Cattaraugus co., N. Y. : 2C4 m. W. by 9. 
Albany, 

East Litwistos, p. o., Mahoning co., Ohio : 137 m. N. E. 
Columbus. 

East Lexington, p. v., Middlesex co., Blass. : 9 m. N.W, 
Boston. The Lexington and West Cambridge R. R. passes 
through the village. 

East Liberty, p. o., Logan co., 0?tio: 46 m. N. W. 
Columbus. 

East LruEiiTY, p. v., Allen co., Inc?. : 104 m. N. E, 
Indianapt'lis. 

East LinERTv, v., Alleghany co., Penn.: on the Penn- 
sylvania R. R., 5 m. E. Pittsburg. It is a thriving place of 
some GOO inhabitants. 

East Liberty, p. v., Fayette co., PcTm. : on the S. W. 
side of Youghiogeny r., 152 m. W. by S. Harrisburg. 

East Limikgton, p. o., York co., Me.: 03 m. S. W. 
Augusta. 

East Line, p. v., Saratoga co., iV. Y. : 19 m. N. by W. 
Albany. 

East Livermoke, t. and p. v., Kennebeo co., Me. : on 
the left bank of Androscoggin r., 21 ra. W. by N. Augusta. 
Tho Androscoggin R. R. passes through the v., about IG 
m. from Leeds Station, its point of connection with the 
Androscoggin and Kennebec R. R. Pop. oft. S92. 

East Liverpool, p. v., Columbiana co., Ohio: near the 
right bank of the Ohio r., 134 m. E. N. E. Columbus. It is 
a well laid-out village, and contains several large ware- 
houses, etc., being the principal depftt of the flour from the 
numerous flouring-mills on Little Beaver r. The location 
is one of the pleasantest in the State— the land rises from 
the river, affording commanding sites in the more elevated 
parts. 

East Long Meadow, p. v., Hampden co., Ma^. : 79 m. 
W. S. W. Boston. 

East Lvm.vn, p. v., Grafton county, N. Uamp.: 77 m. 
W. N. W. Concord. 

East Lyite, t. and p. v., New London co., Co7ui: 3^ m, 
S. E. Hartford. It has a number of creeks falling into 
Long Island Sound, and on its E. border is a deep inlet 
much frequented by fishermen, and in which large num- 

191 



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bers of fish are taken. The r. lies about 6 ra. N. W. of 
New London, and is pleasantly eituated on high land over- 
looking t^ll^ sound. The t. is crosseil in the S. by the New 
Haven and New London R. E. Pop. l,aS2. 

East MACitON'orGii, p. o., Chenango co., JV^ T. : 98 m. 
W. by S. Albany. 

East Macihar, t. and p. v., Washington co., Me, : 121 m. 
E. N. E. Augusta, Drained by East Machias r., which, 
after receiving the waters of a largo pond from the E., 
falls into Machias r. and hay, at the S. extremity of the t. 
These afford immense waler-power. The village, or set- 
tlement, lies on both sides of the river, and has several 
mills both above and below it. Pop. of t. 1,3S2. 

East Madison, p. v., Somerset co„ Me. : at the outlet of 
a large pond, 36 m. N. Augusta. It has several mills and 
about SO inhabitants. 

East Maine, p. o., Broomeco., X. Y.: 118 ra. W. S. W. 
Albany. 

Eastmansville, 1*. v., Fulton co., N. Y.: 41 m. N. W. 
Albany. 

East ^^ARI0X, p. o., Suffolk co., X. Y. 

East Maiuon, p. v.. Livingston co., MicJb. ,* 34 m. E. 8. E. 
Lansing. 

East MARsirriELD, p. v., Plymouth co., Mass.: IS m. 
S. E. BostoQ. It is pleasantly located about a mile back 
from South river. 

East Med way, p. v., Norfolk co., Mass.: 20 ra. S. W. 
Boston. The projected New York and Boston E. E. will 
pass through (he village. 

East Midi.lebokougii, p. v., Plymouth co., Mass. : 34 m. 
8. by E. Boston. 

Eabt MrpDLF.BURY, p. v., Addison co. Venn.: 30 m. 
8. VT. Montpelier. 

East Monmouth, p. v., Kennebec co., Me,: 13 m. S. "W. 
Augusta. 

East Monroe, p. v.. Highland co., Ohio: on the TV. side 
of Rattlesnake cr., a constitijpnt of Paint cr., 61 m. S.W. by S. 
Columbus. 

East Monti'EI.ieb, t. and p. v., Washington co.. Verm. : 
6 m. E, by N. Mnntpclier. The v. is located on Onion r., 
by which the surface of the t. is drained. It is a fine 
agriouUural region. Pop. 1,447. 

East Montville, p. v., Waldo co., Me. : 30 m. E. N. E. 
Augusta. 

East Moriches, p. v., Suffolk co., X. Y.: 132 m. S. S. E. 
Albany and about 62 m. E. New York, oq the S. side of 
Long Island. %. 

East Moultqnborottgct, p. v., Carroll co., X. JTamp. : 
89 m. N. by E. Concord. 

East Nassau, p. o., Eensselaer co., X. Y. : 17 m. S. E. 
Albany. 

East New Market, p. v., Dorchester co., Md. : about 3 
m. E. of Choptank r., 39 m. S. E. Annapolis. 

East Ni'.wport, p. v.. Penobscot co., Me. : on a cr. of 
Sebasticook r., 53 m. N. E. Augusta. 

East New Porti-asd, p. v., Somerset co., M^. : on Seven 
Mile Brook of Kennebec r., 42 m. N. N. W. Augusta. 

East New Suaros, p. v., Kennebec co., Me.: 23 m. 
N. N. W. Augusta. 

East New Vineyard, p. v., Franklin co., Me,: 85 m. 
N. N. W. Augusta. 

East New York, p. v., Kings co., X. Y, : 5 m. from 
New York and 130 m. S. Albany. This is a pleasant v., 
located on the line of the Long Island E. K., and has within 
the past year or two been rapidly increased by the over- 
flowing pojiuhttion of the adjoining cities. It has several 
promising manufacturing establishments. 

East Noktiiport, p. v., Waldo eo., Me. : on Belfast Bay, 
42 m. E. Augusta. 

East Nortuwood, p. v., Rockingham co.. X. Hamp. : IT 
m. E. by S. Concord. I 

East Noktji YaumocTh, p. v., Cumberland Co., Me. : 40 
m. y. by W. Augusta. 

192 ' 



East Noewioh, p. v., Queen's co., X. Y. : 126 ra. S. 
Albany. 

East Oqden, p. v., Lenawee co., Mtclu : 71 m. S. S. E. 
Lansing. 

Easton, t, and p. o., Fairfield co., Conn. : 51 m. S. W. by 
S. Harlford. Drained by Saugatuck and Mill rivers, which 
run to Long Island Sound. It is entirely agricultural in its 
industry. Pop. 1,432. 

Easton, p. v., and cap. Talbot co., Md. : on Treadhavcn 
cr., 12 m. from its confluence with the estuary of Choptank 
r., 27 ni. E. S. E. Annapolis. Lat. 36^ 4G' 10" N., and 
long. 760 1)1^' "W, It is the largest and most populous v. of 
tlie eastern shore, and a place of considerable trade. It 
contains a C. II., a jail, a market-house, and 4 cimrch edi- 
fices; and it has two newspapers, the "E. Gazette"' (whig) 
and the " E. Star" (dem.), both issued weekly. Pop. 1,413. 
Easton, t. and p. v., Bristol oo., Ma.'iS.: 24 m. S. Boston. 
Drained by affluents of Taunton r., on which are numer- 
ous establishments for cotton, wool, and iron manufactures. 
It is one of the most busy manufacturing towns in the State. 
The v. lies a little eastward of the centre of thet. P. 2,337. 
Easton, t. and p. v., AVashington co., X. Y. : 24 m, 
N. by E. Albany. Drained by Battenkill and otlier creeks 
of Hudson r., which bounds it on the W. Surface diver- 
sified ; soil, sandy and clayey loam. The v. lies on the 
Troy and Whitehall turnpike, and contains between 300 
and 400 inhabitants. The t, has a pop. of 3,225. 
Easton, p. v., Wayne co., Ohio: 70 ra. N. E. Columbus. 
Easton, p. b., and cap. Northampton co., Pt'niK : on the 
W. side of Delaware r., where it receives the Lehigh r., 
93 m. E. N. E. llarrisburg. It is built on a point of land 
formed by the Delaware and Lehigh rivers and Bushkill cr. 
The streets are laid out along the cardinal points, crossing 
each other at right angles, and forming in the centre of the 
borough a square area, on which stands the court-house. 
The part of the v. on the Delaware is level, but consider- 
ably elevated above the river, and the ground rises grad- 
ually toward the W., to a considerable height. There 
are fine bridged and viaducts over all the streams above- 
mentioned. 

Easton is the entrep6t of a vast internal commerce b&- 
tween the coal and iron fields of Pennsylvania and the 
Eastern markets, and will in time become an important 
point in the line of travel from East to West, being situated 
at the most eligible pass between the two sections. Already 
it is the terminus of several lines of railroad and of tliroe 
canals, viz., the Morris Canal, Uie Lehigh Canal, and the 
Delaware Canal. Here terminates the New Jersey Central 
E. R., and also railroads coming Irom the western borders 
of Pennsylvania on Lake Erie, and Irom Pittsburg ; and 
others are projected to Lake Ontario. The distance from 
New York to Erie via Easton, when the lines contemplated 
are completed, will be 462 miles and to Pittsburg 4*23. 

As a business place Easton is one of the most prosperous 
towns of Pennsylvania. It will give some idea of tlie 
magnitude of its various interests, to state tliat tliere are 
within a radius of 3 miles of the place, IS mercliant and 
grist-mills, 6 saw-mills, 3 oil-mills, 3 tanneries, 5 founderies, 
7 distilleries, 1 planing-mill and wire factory, 3 large blast 
furnaces, 2 cotton factories, and other smaller factories, all 
in full operation. At South Easton there is a vast water- 
power, sufficient for a great increase of manufactures; be- 
sides which the Lehigh r. has a fall of 200 feet between the 
Lehigh Water Gap and Easton. a distance of 25 miles, 
which would afford any additional water-power required. 

The surrounding country is remarkable for the cxfjuisite 
beauty of its natural scenery and its uncommon healthiness, 
as well as for its exceeding fcrlility and great advantages 
for manufactures, trade, and business. The excess of fiour 
over and above the home consumption that i^ annually sent 
to market from Easton and its vicinity, exceeds llo.ooo bar- 
rels, and 50.0(H) barrels of corn meal. At Enston alone 
during 1851, there were manufactured 90,000 barrels of 



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flour. 14,00U barrels of whiskey, 3,000 Ions of pig metal, 
and 800 Ions rfline<l iron. Immense deposits of Iho finest 
kinds of iron ore have been found in the vicinity, and no i 
leeiion of the United States is more favorably adapted to : 
tbe successful manufueture of iron. In short, the position 
and resources of Eiislon are so favorable, itnd its growtli so 
rapid, that nothing but the openinff of the lines of railroad 
now projected is wanting to enable it to take a position 
among the most prosperous of <tur inland cities. 

The borough is well supplied witli the means of educa- 
tion and religious instructiun. It tias nunicroiis Habbath- 
Bchoola and churches, and several primary and public 
schools, academics, etc. ; and here is located Lafayette Col- 
lege, one of tbe best institutions of the Stale — manual labor 
forming a brancli of its curriculum. This institution was 
founded in 1S32; in 1S50 it had a president, 7 professors, 
and S2 students ; iL* alumni counted lul, of which 30 were 
in tbe ministry, and its library contained 5,000 volumes. 

The i>ress of Ea-st<>n eon&ists of S weekly newq:iapers, viz., 
the *' Northampton Correspondent" (dem.), " Der Democrat" 
(Germ.dem.). the "K. "Whig," the " E. Sentinerxdcm.), the 
'•Independent Democrat." the "Eastonian" (whig), the 
"Korlhaniptnn Courier" (dem.), and the "Democrat and 
Argus" (dem.)— all is.sued weekly. 

Tbe population of Easton in 1S20 was 2,3T0; in 1S30, 
8,529; in USO. 4,S65. and in 1550. 

East Oka-ngk, p. o., Delaware co., Ohio: on Alum cr., 
15 m. N. Columbus. 

East OitA>-GE, p. v., Orange co., Verm.: 15 m. E. S. E. 
Montpelier. 

East OuAKGF,\nLLE, p. o., 'Wyoming co., K Y.: 21S m. 
TV. Albany. 

East Okleass, p. v., Barnstable co., Mtiss. : 73 m. 8. E. 
Boston. 

East Orbikgton, p. v., Penobscot co., J/**. ; 63 m. 
E. N. E. Aiigusta. 

East OTTi.1, p. o., Cattaraugus co., X. Y. : liS ra. W. by S. 
Albany. 

East Painted Post, p. o., Steuben co., X. Y. : IGG m. 
■W. S. ^y. Albany. Uy the Erie K. E. 293 m. fi-om New 
York City. 

East Palf-^tise, p. v., Columbiana co., Ohi(>: 13S m. 
E. N. E. Cnhmibus. 

East Palmyra, p. o., 'Wayne co., X. Y. : 108 m.W. by N. 
Albany. 

East Pakibu, p. c, Oswego co., X. Y. : 122 m. W. N. ^V. 
Albany. 

Eabt Paesonfield, p. v., York co., Me. : "2 m. S. "W. 
Augusta. 

East Pemiskoee, p. v., Genesee co., X. Y. : 226 m. \». 
Albany. Tlie Buffalo and P.ochestcr R. K, and the Canan- 
daigua R. R. pass the village. 

East Penn, t. and p. o., Carbon co., Penn.: S4 m. 
E. by N. llarrisburg. Drained by Mahoning and Lizzard 
creeks of Lehigh r., which makes its E. border. Tbe Blue 
Mountains traveree its S. line, and through this, in tbe E. 
part of tlic t., is the Lehigh Water Gap. Iron ore and coal 
abound, and there are several furnaces, etc. Pop. about 
1,700. 

East Peppeeell, p. v., Middlesex co., Mass. : 36 m. N.W. 
Boston, near the line of the "Worcester and Nashua R. R. 

East Peru, p. v., Clinton co., X. Y. : on Little Au ^able 
r. of Lake Champlain, 126 m. N. Albany. 

East Puai^'^aua, p. v., Chenango co., X. Y.: 09 m. 
"W. by S. Albany. 

East Piebpoint, p. o., St. Lawrence co., X. Y. : 1-"G m. 
N. "W. by N. Albany. 

East Pike, p. v., Wyoming co., X. Y. : on East Koy cr., 
21S m. "W. Albany. 
* East Pitcairn, p. o., SL Lawrence county, X. Y.: 121 
m. N. W. Albany. 

East Pittsfield, p. v., Somerset co., Me.: on a branch 
of SebasUcook r., 30 ul N. N. E. Augusta. 

18 



East Pittstox. p. v., Kennebec co., J/f. ; 14 m.S. S, E 
Augusta. 
East Plainfield, p. v., Sullivan eo,, X. Hamp. 
East Plvmoith. p. v.. Ashtabula Co., Ohio: on Ashtap 
bula cr., 172 m. N. E. Columbus. 

East-Point, p. o., Do Kalb co., G(i.: on the line of tho 
Macon and Western K. E., G m. E. of Atlanta, and the point 
from which tlie La Grange R. U. diverges. lu a direct Une 
it is distant SO m. W. N. "W. Milledgeville. 

East Poland, p. v., Cumberland co.. Me.: on the line 
of tlu! Atlantic and St. Lawrence R. R., 31 m. from Port- 
land, and 33 m. S. W. Augusta. 

Eastpoet, t. and p. v., Washington county, Me.: 144 m, 
E. by N. Augvi-sta. The t. consists of Moose Island, 4 ra. 
long (2,150 aci'es), and several smaller islands, viz.,J)udley's, 
Ercderick, and Patmos, in Passamaquoddy Bay. The t. 
of Eastport (lat. AAP 54' N., and long. 66° 56' W.) is on 
Moose Island, which is conuecleii with Dennysville and 
Perry by bridges, and with Lubec by a ferry, and is but a 
short distance from the British islands — Indian and Oampo 
Belli). It lias a fine harbor in Passamaquoddy Bay, and tho 
tide is here rapid, and rises 25 feet. It has a large lumber 
trade, and its trade with the neighboring provinces has long 
been VL-ry flourishing. In the fisheries and coasting 11 has 
also a large number of vessels engaged. The t<inijage of 
Passamaquoddy Bay in 1850 was 19,935 tons, of which 
lo,,531 tons were registered, 9.1S3 tons enrolled and licensed, 
and 272 tons licensed and under 20 tons. Of tho enrolled 
and licensed tonnage, 7,oS5 tons were engaged in the coast- 
ing trade. 1.316 in the cod fishery, and 4S2 in tbe mackerel 
fishery. The sleara tonnage amounted to 213 tons regis- 
tered, and 64^ tons enrolled and licensed. During the year 
iS-IO-fcO, 7,4SS tons of shipping were built, viz., 13 ships, S 
brigs, 15 schooners, and 3 steamers. Clearances to foreign 
ports, 74G (63,307 tons), and entrances, 720 (5S,453 tons). 
Much of the sliipijing built here is sold and exported. Tho 
population of the t. in 1S5U was 4,125. A United States* 
garrison Is maintained at this station, which is the most 
easterly of the Union, and nearest to the British territory. 

Eastport, p. v., Tisheiningo co., M!sr, : on left bank of 
Tennessee r., and immediately W. of the mouth of Bear r., 
20S m. N. E. Jackson. The Memphis and 'Charlestoa 
R. R. passes through the v., skirting the r. from Tuscumbia 
to tbe Tennessee State line. 

East Poultnet, p. v., Rutland co., Venn. : 56 m. 3. S. W. 
l\Iontpelier. It contains several mechanic shops and about 
G5 dwellings. 

PUsT Princeton, p. v.,Worcester co., Mass. : on a branch 
of Nashua r., 42 m. W. by N. Boston. 

East Raisinville, p. v., Monroe co., Mich. : 76 m.S. & 
Lansing. 

East Randolth, p. o., Cattaraugus co., X. Y.: 234 m. 
W. by S. Albany. 

East Ranpolph, p. v., Norfolk county. Mass. : 14 m. 3. 
Boston. 

East Ranpolph. p. v., Orange eo., Vei'm. : on tbe Scconil 
Branch of White r., 23 m. S. by E. Montpelier. The river 
here affords good water-power. 

East Raymond, p. v., Cumberland co., Me. : 46 m. S. 'W, 
Augusta. 

East READnEr.D,p. o., Kennebec co., Me. : 7 m.W.N.W 
Augusta, near the Androscoggin and Kennebec II. R. 

East Riculand, p. v., Belmont county, Ohio; 113 m. BL 
Columbus. 

East River, p. o.. Mercer co., Virff. : 192 ra. W. by S. 
Richmond. Ea«t r. is a tributary of Great Kanawha river. 

East Ru'eb. p. o.. Walton co., Flor. : on the r. so called, 
132 m. W. by N. Tallahassee. 

East rivc'r, X. Y. : a strait between Long Island Sound 
and the harbor of New York, dividing Long Island from 
tho mainland. It is about 15 m. long, and navigable for tho 
largest vessels. The noted pass, called Hell Gate, is situated 
opposite Bam Island, about 6 m. from New York City. Tlie 

198 



EAS 



EA3 



lnterrupUo[i3 to navigation in this channel have been re- 
moved, and the dangers which hitlierto made it a scene 
of dread to the seaman, are among the things of the past, 
existing only in the legends of the forecastle. 

East Kocuester, p. v., Columbiana co., Ohio: 114 m. 
E. N. E. Columbus, near the Cleveland and Pittsburg 
IL R., about 73 ra. from Cleveland. 

East Rodman, p. o., Jefferson co., K Y. : 123 m. N. "W. 
Albany. 

East Roxbitry, p. v., "Washington county, Verm, : 13 m. 
3. by W. Montpelier. 

East Rumfokd, p. v., Oxford co., 3fe.: on the N. side 
of Androscoggin r., 42 m. W. N. W. Augusta. 

East Rupert, p. v., Bennington county, Verm. : 77 m. 
S. by W. Montpelier. 

East Saxeu, p. o., Washington co., iv; Z .* 40 m. N. N. E. 
Albany. 

East Salisbctet, p. v., Essex co. , Mass. : 87 m. N. by E. 
Boston. 

East Sanboenton, Belknap co., 2T. Hamp. : near Great 
Bay, 21 m. N. Concord. 

East Sand Lake, p. v., Rensselaer co., N. Y. : 14 m. E. 
Albany. 

East Sandwich, p. v., Barnstable co., Mas3. : on Cape 
Cod Bay, 54 m. S. S. E. Boston. 

East Sandt, p. o., Venango co., P^mi. : on Sandy or., 174 
m- W. N. W. Uarrisburg. 

East Sangerville, p. v., Piscataquis co.. Me. : on the 
B. side of Piscataquis r., 63 m. N. N. E. Augusta. 

East ScimrLEH, p. o., Herkimer county, 2^. y. : 71 m. 
W. N. W. Albany. 

East Scott, p. o., Cortlandt co., 271 Y. : 122 ra."W. Albany. 

East Sharon, p. v., Potter co., Pemi. : in the If. "W". 
corner of the co., 132 m. N. W. by N. Uarrisburg. 

East Siiaeon, p. v., Norfolk co., Mass. : 19 m. S. S. W. 
Boston. 

East SnARPSBtman, p. v., Blair co., Penn, : 116 m. W. 
Uarrisburg. 

East Sueffield, p. v., Berkshire connty, Mass. : 117 ra. 
W. by S. Boston. 

East Siielbuent:, p. v., Franklin county, Mass. : &3 m. 
W. N. "W. Boston. 

E.^t Siielby, p. o., Orleans co,, iV. Y. : 123 m. W. by K. 
Albany. 

East Sheldon, p. v., Franklin co., Verm. : on the 8. side 
of Missisqui r., 47 m. N. N. W. Montpelier. 

East Smitiifield, p. v., Bradford co., Penn. : 108 m. N. 
Harrisburg. 

East Spkingfield, p. a, Olsego county, If. F. .' 54 m. 
\r. by N. Albany. 

East Speingfield, p. o., Jefferson oo., Ohio: 114 m. 
E-"N. E. Columbus. 

East Springhill, p. o., Bradford co., Penn. : lOS m. N. 
Uarrisburg. 

East Speinq-watee, p. o., Livingston co., if. Y. : 1S6 
ra W. Albanj'. 

East Standtsh, p. v., Cumberland co., Me. : on the 
B. E. side of Sebago Pond, 55 m. S. W. Augusta. 

East Sterling, p. v., 'Wflyne co., Penn. : 104 m. N. E. 
Uarrisburg. 

East Stoni^lam, p, v., Oxford co., Me. ; 54 m. TV. by S. 
Augusta. 

East Stoughton, p. v., Norfolk co., Mass. : on the line 
<tf the Fall River R. R., 17 m. S. Boston, and 87 m. fi-om 
Fall River Village. 

East Steosg, p. v., Franklin co., M&. : 37 ra. N.W. by N. 
Angiisita. 

East Suffizld, p. v., Hartford co., Corm. : on the W. side 
of Connecticut r., 18 m. N. Hartford. 

East Sttllivan, p. v., Hancock Co., Me.: S3 m. E. by N. 
Augusta. 

East Sullivan, p. v., Cheshire co., 2^. Hamp. ; 37 m. 
W. B. W, CoucorcL 
194 



East Summer, p. v., Oxford co., Me. : 31 m.W. Augusta. 

East Tuetford, p. v.. Orange eo.. Verm: : on the W. side 
of Connecticut r., 37 m. S. E. by S. Montpelier. The Con- 
necticut and Passumsic Rivers R. II. passes the village. 

East Towts-send, p. o., Huron co., Ohio: 8S m. N. N. li 
Columbus. 

East Trenton, p. v., Hancock co., M<?. : on the N. side 
of Mount Desert Island Sound, 73 m. E. by N. Augusta. 

East Troy, t. and p. v., Walworth co., Wise. : G6 m. 
E. S. E. Madison. Drained by Honey cr. of Fox r. and a 
number of small lakes. The v. on the N. side of Honey 
creek is a considerable settlement, and is connected with 
Milwfiukie by a plank road. Pop. of I. 1318. 

East Tkot, p. o., Bradford co., Penn. : 102 m. N. by W, 
Uarrisburg. 

East Turner, p. v., Oxford eo., Me. : on the "W. side of 
Androscoggin r., 24 m. W. S. W. Augusta. 

East Union, p. v., Lincoln county. Me. : 31 m. E. S. E. 
Augusta. 

East Union, t. and p. o., "Wayne co., 07iio : 73 m. N. E. 
Columbus. Drained by Apple cr., a constituent of Killbnok 
er. Surface diversified: soil fertile. The Ohio and Penn- 
sylvania R. R. rims along the N. line of the t. Pop.194. 

East Unity, Sullivan eo.. JV. ITamp. : on the S. branch 
of Sugar r., SI m. W. by N. Concord. 

East Varick, p. v., Seneca co., 2f,Y,: on the "W. side 
of Cayuga Lake, 152 m. "W. Albany. 

East Vassalbop-ougu, p. v., Kennebec co., Me.: on the 
N. side of a large pond, 14 m. N. E. Augusta. 

Eastville, p. v., Randolph co., Ala. : on Little Tallapoosa 
r., near the E. line of the State, 89 m. N. E. by N. Mont- 
gomery. 

Easitulle, p. v., Bath co., Ky. : 66 m. E. Frankfort, 

Eastville, p. v., and cap. Northampton co., Virg. : S6 
m. E. Richmond, on the S. side of King's cr., a small s'treara 
■which enters by a broad estuary into Chesapeake Bay. It 
contains the co. oflRcea and about 80 dwellings. 

East Virgil, p. o., Cortlandt county, itfl Y. : IIS m. W. 
Albany. 

East 'Wacefield, p. v., Carroll oo., K JTamp.: 83 m. 
N. E. Concord. 

East VTAREnAM, p. v., Plymouth co., Ma^s. : 42 m. S. S. E. 
Boston. 

East "Wariiington, p. v., Sullivan co., JfT. Uiunp. : 27 m. 
E. by S. Concord. 

East "Waterford, p. v., Juniata co., Penn. : on Tuscarora 
cr., 47 ra. W. Harrisburg. 

East Weare, p. v., Hillsborough co., JVI Ramp. : on the 
S. side of Piscalaquay r.,and on the line of theNew^ Hamp- 
shire Central R. E.,14 m. S. W. Concord, and 16 m. from 
Manchester. 

East Westmoreland, p. v., Cheshire co., ^V; ITamp. : on 
the line of the Cheshire R. R., 46 m. W. S. "W. Concord, 51 
m. from Filchburg, and 14 m. from Bellow's Falls, 

East Westville, p. v., Mahoning co., Ohio : 137 m. 
N. E. Columbus. 

East "WEVMOtrrn, p. v., Norfolk connty, 3fass. : on the 
S. shore of JIassachuSetIs Bay, 11 m. S. by E. Boston. Tha 
South Shore R. R. passes through the village, 7 m. from 
Cohasset. and 15 m. flrom Braintree. 

East Whately, p. v., Franklin co., 3rass, : on the W. side 
of Connecticut r., SI m. "W. by N. Boston. 

East Wilton, p. v., Franklin county, Me. : 27 ro. N. "W. 
Augusta. 

East Wh.ton, p. v., Hillsborongh co., K. TTavnp. : 27 nk 
S. S.W. Concord. The Na.<ihua and "Wilton R. R. terminates 
here, 15 m. from Nashville. 

East vriNTJiiAM, p. v., Greene county, 271 Y. : S^ nu 
S. W. by S. Albany. 

East Windsor, t. and p. v., Hartford co.. Conn.: on tho ' 
E. side of Connecticut r.,n m. N. N.E. Hartford. Drained 
by Seantio r. and other streams, which furnish fine mill- 
power. Surfaoe level, and soil sandy or gravelly loam. 



EAS 



EDD 



Thev. is 1 m. back from llie Conn octi cut r., and is chiefly 
on one long street nmning paralk'l with the river. Hero is 
located the Theological Institute of Connecticut, founded 
1S34. In ISoO it had 3 professors and IT stu<Ients, and a 
librar>' of 5,0u0 volumes, and the number of its alumni 
counted 151. It has a farm and workshop for ir^nua! 
labor. The town has a goodly number of manufacturing 
and mechanical pursuits, and a population of 2,633 inhab- 
itants. 

East Windsor Hill, p. o., Hartford co., Cojin^ : 15 m. 
N. N. E. Hartford. 

East Wintiieop, p. v., Kennebec co., Me. .* 6 m, "W. 
Augusta. 

EastWobukn, p. t., Middlesex co., M(KS.: 9 m.N.N.'W. 
Boston. 

East Woolwich, p. v., Lincoln county, Me, : 29 m. 8. 
Augusta. 

East Worcester, p. v., Otsego county, i^. }'. ; 46 m. W. 
Albany. Pop. about 200. 

Eaton county, Mich. Situate toward the S. centrally, 
and contains 576 sq. m. Drained in the N. and E. by Grand 
r. and its fributariL-s; in the middle and west by Big Fork 
of Thomapple r. ; and in the S. W. by Battle cr. of Kala- 
mazoo r. Surface uneven, and many of the streams are in- 
terrupted by falls and rapids, which make good mill-sites. 
The soils are everj-where fertile, and produce the best of 
wheat; and in many parts there are extensive forests. 
Farms 746; manuf. 4S; dwell. IMS, and pop.— wh. 7,ttoo, 
fr. col. 3— total 7,'i5S. Capital: Charlotte. 

Eaton, t. and p. o., Eaton co., Mich. : 16 m. S. W. Lan- 
sing. Brained by Battle cr. and the head waters of Thorn- 
apple r. Population 539. Charlotte, is located in this town. 

Eaton, t. and p. o., Carroll co., Ji. Uamp. : 51 m. N. E. 
Concord. Surface diversified. Soils middlingly fertile, and 
In the plains there is abundance of pine timlier. Iron ore 
la found here. There are several large ponds in tlie town, 
some of which empty through Pigwacket r. into Swift r. on 
the N., and a larger one on the S. flows into Cssipee Lake. 
It is a purely agricultural region. Pop. 1,751, 

Eaton, t. and p. v., Madison co.,iV. Y. : 94 m. W. by N. 
Albany. Drained by the head streams of Chenango r. Sur- 
face rolling. Soil gravelly loam and clay, very fertile, pro- 
ducing the grains and grasses abundantly. The L contains 
the CO. seat, Morrisville, and also the v. and p. o. of Eaton, 
which lies to the S. of the t. on the W. side of the river. It 
has several factories and mills, and a population of about 
500 inhabitants. Pop. of town 3,944. 

Eaton, p. v., and cap. Preble co., 0?no: on the E. side 
of St. Clair's or Seven Mile cr., which here has a fall of 20 
feet in SO rods, affording great water-power. It contains a 
court-house and other co. offices, several handsome church- 
es, a considerable number of manufacturing establishments, 
gtorcs, and warehouses, and has an extensive inland com- 
merce. Its population numbers about 1,8- 2 souls. Two 
newspapers, the " E. Register" (whig), and the " E. Demo- 
crat'' are published weekly. The Cincinnati, Hamilton, and 
Eaton E. li.. connecting ultimately with the Indiana Central 
K. E. at Richmond, intersects the v., and makes it an im- 
portant station on one of the most important roada of the 
State. 

Eaton, t, and p. o., Wyoming co., Penn. : 96 m. N. E. 
Ilarrisburg. Drained by Bowman's and other creeks of 
Bu.squehanna r., which makes its E. and N. E. boundaries. 
Surface mountainous. The "Knob," an eminence on the 
Busquehanna, rises 1,150 feet above its surface. The soils 
aro of average fertility, and productive of grasses and grain. 
Pop. about 1,100. 

Eaton, p. v., G ibson co., TenTi. : on the N. fork of Forked 
Doer cr., 12S m. W. by S. Na)*h\ille, 

Eaton, p. v., Cedar co.. Mo. : lOS m. S..W. Jefferson City. 

Eaton Ce-vtre, p. o., Carroll co, A' Uamp. : 51 m. N. E. 
Concord. 

Eaton E>lpu>8, t and p. v., Eaton county Mch. : 12 m. 



S. S. W. Lansing. Drained by Grand r. The v. is located 
at tlie rapids, called as above, and is a flourishing settle- 
ment. A newspaper, the "Eaton Democrat," is published 
weekly. Pop. oft. 1,525. 

Eatonton, p. v., and cap. Putnam co.. Ga. : to the E. of 
Little r., a branch of the Oconee r.,24 ni. N. by W. Milledge- 
ville. It contains a court-house, and other co. offlccs, and 
about 600 inhabitants. The Eatonton R. R. to Milledgo 
ville, when completed, will connect the v. with tlie Georgia 
and South Carolina E. R., and thus open up an avenue to 
the sea-board for an extensive agricultural country. 

Eatontown, p. v.. Monmouth co., i\'. Jer.: on a branch 
of Swimming r., 36 m. E. Trenton. It contains about 45 
dwellings. The vii-inity is a pleasant and fertile country, 
and has a oomiuandingviewof Uie Atlantic, 4 orS m.to th£ 
eastward. 

E.VTONTLLLE, p. V., IlerklmcF CO., J^. K ; 64 m.W. N.W. 
Albany. 

Eau Pleeke, p. 0., Portage co., Wise. : 103 m. N. by W 
Madison. 

Ebenezer, p. v., Morgan county, Ga. : 37 m. N. N. W. 
Milled geviUe. 

EuENEZER, p. o.. Holmes county, Miss. : 53 m. N. by E. 
Jackson. 

Ebhxezeh, p. v., Fayette oo., TenTu: 159 m. W. £. W. 
Nashville. 

Ebesezeeville, p. v., York district, S. Car. : 76 m. N. 
Columbia. 

Ebensbfegh, p. b., and cap. Cambria co., Penn.: 103 
m. W.by N. Harrisburg. It has a conimanding site on the 
Alleghany Mountains, and contains a brick court-house aiul 
county offices, several stores, and about 600 inhabitants. 

EcKFORD, t. and p. v.. Calhoun co., Mich.: 3S m. S. S.W. 
Lansing. The v. is on Beaver cr., a branch of Kalamazoo 
r., which is the principal drain of the township. 

EcKMANSTiLLE, p. T., Adams CO., Ohio: J6 m. 8. by W. 
Columbus. 

Economy, p. t., Wa}'ne co., InH. : on the E. side of Mar- 
tindale's fork of the E. branch of White Water r., 57 m. 
E. by N. Indianapolis. Fop. 400. 

Economy, t and p. v.. Beaver co^PenTi.: 182 m.W. by N. 
Ilarri.sburg. It lies on the right bank of the Ohio r., and on 
the line of the Ohio and Pennsylvania R. R., 17 m. below 
Pittsburg. The v. is laid out on two streets parallel to the 
r., with others crossing at right angles. This settlement 
was made by George Rapp,a German, who with a number 
of his countrj-men of the religious order of Harmonist?, first 
settJed in Butler co., Penn. ; from thence they all rcmove^l 
to the Wabash, and built the village of Now Harmony. At 
that time they numbered about SOO. New Harmony was 
purchased in 1S1 4 by Robert Owen, the Scotcli Socialist, and 
Rapjj and his followers established themselves at Economy. 
In 1832 a number of them seceded and joined Count Leon, 
who claimed to be a special messenger sent from heaven to 
establish a Zion in the West. They settled at Phillipsburg, 
opposite Beaver, but the society soon ceased to exist. The 
Harmonists hold their property in common. They have a 
good number of mills here, and are noted for their in<]ustry 
and sobriety. The population of Economy ia about 1,400. 
Rapp died in 1S47. 

EcoKCE, t. and p. o., Wayne co., 3Iirh. : 76 m. E. S. E. 
Lansing. Draine<l t>T the Riviere Aux Ecorces, an afHuenl 
of Detroit Strait, which makes the E. border of tliet. P. fi53 

EpniNGTON, t, and p. v., Penobscot co.. Me. : G m. N. E 
Bangor, and 71 m. E. N: E. Augusta. The v. is pleasantly 
located on the E. side of Penobscot r., and has considerable 
trading facilities. Pop. off. G'^^fi. 

Eddvville, p. v., Wapello co., Ja. : on the left bank of 
Des Moines r., opposite tho moutli of Gray's cr., 61 m. S.W. 
Iowa City. 

EDDTvn-i.E, p. v^ Cattiiraugus county. A''. y..-252 ra. 
W. by S. Albany. 

Eddytille, p. v., and cap. Caldwell co., /w/. ; on the 

105 



EDE 



EDI 



a thrivilie village of about 6U0 inhabitants, and bas cons.d- 
IrTllIL rrit>caon,14 n>. U. the E., .as the former 

"7l::U p. v., Koc. island co., /«.: to tbo N. of 

^i^-^:s;nS.:^^^srs&i,,ed.e.i.. 

Eden, p. v., Hancock county, Jnd. : on Sugar cr., .4 m. 
E. N. E. Indianapolis. . ,, „ ,, 

Eden, t. and p. o., Hancock CO., Me. : occupying the N E. 
part of Mount Desert Island, 73 m. E. Augusta. Surface 
uneven. Soil fertile. It is washed on three s.des by 
Ereochman-s Bay and Mount Desert Sound, the aUer o^ 
which separates it from the main. Severa small '^l""-!' "I^ 
the coast in Frenchman's Bay belong to this town. W h 
nianv fine harbors, it has comparatively extensive coasting 
trade, and great advantages for the shore flshenes in wh, 
man; of the inhabit.m« are engaged. It is noted, a^o for 
its large crops of cr.inberries, amounting in some years to 
1,000 bushels. I'op- l.l-"- 
Eden, p. v., Ingham co., Mich. 

Sen tank ^v., Erie co., ^^. T. : 2G5 m. W.Albany 
Drained by Cauquaga an.l Big Two Sisters' ""^s, wne > 
flow to Lake Erie. Surface undulating; soil, a gra>clly 
loam and elav. The v. is on the S. side of Oauquaga cr., 
about 14 m. S. Buffalo. I'op. of t. '2,494. 

Edbn, t. and p. c. Fond du Lac co., W.sc ,'64 m. 1.. h- 
Madison. Drained by the head branches of Milwaukie r., 
which rise in this town, and also by streams faUing mto 
"Winnebago Lake. Top. S40 

EnEN, p. v., Trumbull co., Ohio : 187 m. N. E. C^lumbus^ 
Located on a cr. of the W. branch of Mahoning r., about 6 
m S W. of Warren, the CO. seal. 
Eden, p. o., Eandolph eo., N. Car. : 73 m.^W. Ealeigh. 
Eden p. o., Laurens dist., & Car. : 81 m. N. W. Columbia. 
EDEN p. v., M'Kean co., Pmn. : 161 m. N.W. Uarrisburg. 
Eden, t. and p. v., Lamoille co., Term. .'81 m^N. by E. 
Montpelicr. Drained by Greene r. and ^Mld Branch o 
LamoiUe r. Surface mountainous, rocl^y, and cold, but good 
for grazing, and produces line cattle and sheep. 1 he v is 
ploasanUy located near the centre. This t. was gran od 
to " Colonel Seth Warner and his associates, our worthy 
friends, the officers and soldiers of his regiment^ in the line 
of the Continental Army," 2Sth August, 1 ibl. PoP- 6"^ 
Edenbueg, p.v., Cameron co.. r«r. ; 39S m. S. Austin GUy. 
Edenbukg, p. v., Shenandoah CO., I trg. : 112 m. N. "ft . 

'■~,ti,D, p. v., irwin CO., Oa. : 119 m. S. Millcl^evillc. 
Eden's E.DGE,-p. o., Sullivan CO., Tenn. : 240 m. E. by N. 

"e'de^on, p. v., Clermont co.. OMo: S9 m. S. W. by S. 

"""EDt";, p. v., and cap. Chowan co., K Car.: near the 
mouth of Chowan r.. at the head of Edenton ^^^ 
seta up from Albemarle Sound, 123 m. E. N 1.. Latag .. 
U contains the eo. offices, and bas about 1,60, inhabitants. 
Considerable shipping is owned in the v., and a newspaper, 
the " Albemarle Bulletin" (whig), is published weekly 
Edenton, p. v., St. Lawrence Co., jV. 1.: 146 m. i<. W. 

^S Y.>..EV, p. o., Erie co., ^- J■■■}'\lJfl''^^: 
^- entille, p. v.. Orange co., N. 1.: % m. 8. 8. W. 

^ Edgak county. III. Situate E. middle, and contains 642 

sq. m. Drained by Big. Bnilelte's, and Cedar "eek, and 

Emban-as r., all tributaries of the Wabash. Surface chiefly 

level or undulating; prairie interspersed with timber. Soils 

crenerallv fertile, producing Indian com, »•■"«' *'™' f'^' 

Farms l".175 ; manuf. 38 ; dwell. 1,TU2, and POP'-'T"- i.")^**'. 

fr. col. .M-total lO.BflS. Capiml: Paris. PuUtc Wori». 

Mississippi and Atlantic B. B. , ,„ a -p 

Edgac. p. v., St. John Baptist par.. La.: 49 m. s. l 

Baton Eouge. 

196 



Edgabtown, t. p. v., port of entry, ?"'' "P'^^f ".^ '^^■ 
U,,M ■ on the E. portion of Martha's \ine)ard. 73 m. 
S Ce. Boston. Ithiclndes fflso the fertiie island of Chappe- 
quWat k, 6 m. long and 2i m. wide, on the S. E., on winch 
ar a emnant of the Indian tribe of the »-™e -"'■: ^;-; 

nn^£t;:::i::^^-™:rr;h:^ 
a^;ds^^:r:;irt^-^5 

tr'le In the foreign trade, in 1S49-60, five -ss s 0,2^ 
ton.1 were cleared, and seventy-two vessels (13,-'S6 to s) 
wer Intered. The shipping owned in the coUection dis- 
Tt was 7,609 tons, of which ^«* '™---,:<?;t 3 
andof this2,419.onswere employed m ">;; - '^ " f;,^/;' ' 
1 956 tons were enroUed and licensed, and IsD tons were 
i'eensd (under 20 tons); of the enrolled and licensed ship- 
1.. 743 tons were employed in the coasting rade 953 n 
U otod flsheries, and 210 tons in the -f e'cl shenes fhe 
district of Edgarlown comprises all of Marthas N ,ne>ard 
"1:;^;:™!~r£"f''^--E.ecnt;ally.and 
eot^il 492 sq. m. Drained by Tar r. and 'ts 'ributarie 
FishinK cr. forms its N. and part of the E. border, and Par 
he remainder .0 the E. line. Surface level. Soil mod- 
erately fertile, adapted to cotton, and producing abundance 
rfTndian cor'n, oal wheat, etc ^ J'™''-,,— "^"^rpop 
exported. I^rms 737 ; --^ ^^ j^^]^'' ^^ 
— wh. S,305, fr. col. 2i7, si. b,.Mi— toi.ii ii.i-» J 

Tarboro'. PuUic Wor^s : Weldon and ^ ""'"S'^/gK^ 
Edgecomb, t. and p. v., Lincoln ea, Me.: ^^ ™- *' S' E- 
Augusta. The t is situate between Daman cDtta r. on the 
E and Sheepscot r. on the W.. being drained by their afflu- 
en," It .rconsiderable shipping employed ,n the coi^^ 
Ltirade and fisheries; and sUip-buUding U here a consider- 

able interest. Pop. 1,42S. 

EDGEKiELD district, S. Car. Senate toward the s J., 
■ind contains 1,6SI) sq. m. Drained eliieOy bj tributaries 
orsav^nnah r. which makes its S. W. line, and ot salu.la 
Xc washes its N. E. border. The head waters of 
s;utb Edisto r. are also within the ,listriet. Surliice .nod- 
:.r-aelv uneven. Soil not very fertile, but well adapted to 
cMton, corn, etc. It has also numerous P-l-'- "'^^^^ 
lisbments. Farms 2,030 ; manul. 19, : dwelh 3.019, and 
nop -wb. 16,275, fr. col. 262, si. •22,725-toUil 39,262 Cap- 
S'.- Edgefield ^ourt-houso. FuUlic ^yort.: SouUi tar* 

""EntriE^D C. n.. p. v., and cap. F-dgefleld dist., S C^.: 
6.1 m W. bv S. Columbia. It contains a C. U. and other 
dislri'et ofne'es, and about 2,200 inhabilanls. A newspaper, 
the '• E. Advertiser" (dem.), is published weekly. 
ED,7EnELD. p. v.. Pike CO., Ala. ; 45 m. S. E- ';"'>"S--^|' 
Edge Hill, p. o.,Kins Georgo co., mg. : &t m. N.I,.E. 

liiehniond. c, ... TT 

Montgomery CO., P«iii..- S4 m. a.. 



Enr.K lltLL, p. o., 
Ilarrislnirg. 

Edobmost, t. and 
E. S. E. Ilarrisburg. 



p 0, Delaware co., Pc"H..' S7 m. 
,. ... uarr.soui... Drained by Eidley's cr. of Delaware 
It is a Hue agricUural town, an.l contains about bOO 

inhabitants. ^ ,. , ■ . 1 .>.i m 

Edina, p. v.. Scotland eo.. Mo. : on S. Fabms r., 13.3 m. 

N. by E. Jefferson City. l'oi>- i*'^ „_ -, ,„ 

EDiNBOBOCGn, p. b., Erie co., P«."..- 207 m. ^.W. 

Harrishurg. Pop. 500. „ S K 

Edinbi-kgu, p. v., Garrard county, Ky-- o2 ra. b. i- 

^ EmNB^n. p. v.. Johnson co., M. : on the E. side of 
the F. branch of White r., about 2 m. above the confluence 
of sugar r., and at the point where the Madison and n- 
dianapolis R. K.- crosses that stream, and the Me Unfile 
Lateril Branch E. E. connects with it, 30 m. S. s. E. Indian- 
»poli3. It is a flourishing and important village, having 



EDI 



EGG 



extensive water-power, and being: located in the midst of a 
fine agricultural region. It was first 6ellk<i in iSi'l, but 
until Uie completion of the Madison K. E. was of slow 
growth. It has now about 700 iiiliabitauts. 

Edinburgh, t. and p. o., Penobscot co., Me. : 83 m. N. E. 
Augusta. Drained by afflrenls of Penobs^-ot r., which 
makes its E. boundary. The t. is entirely agricultural and 
but sparsely settled. Pup. 93. 

Edinijuegii, p. v., Hillsdale co., 'Mi<-?i. : 63 n., S. by E. 
Lansing. 

EniNBURGH, p. v., Leake co,, Miss. : on the N. side of 
Pearl r., 58 m. N. E. Jackson. 

EDiNKURGir. t and p. o., Saratoga co., JV; T. : 8S m. 
N. by W. Albany. Drained by Sacondaga r. ; surface in 
the v.. mountain, and in the W. undulating. The river 
valley or flats of the Sacoudaga is extensive, and its soil 
rich alluvion. The v. is located on the left side of the r., 
and contains about 200 inhabitants. Pop. of t. I,rj80. 

EDixnrRGii, t. and p. v., Portage co., Ohio: 127 ni. N. E. 
Columbus. Drained by one of the head streams of the W. 
branch of Mahoning r. Surface varied, and soils getierally 
fertile, well adapted for grain growing. The v. is pleasantly 
located in the centre of the t., 6 m. S. E. Kavenna. and 
contains about 200 inhabitants. The t, has good water- 
power, etc. Pop. l.lfll. 

Edinbttrgh, p. v., Lawrence co., Peun. : 200 m. W. N.W. 
Harrisburg. 

EDiNisuaon, p. v., Mercer co., X. Jer. 

Edinburgh Centre, p. o., Saratoga co., N,Y. : 37 m. 
N. by "W. Albany. 

Edisto, p. v., Lexington dist., S. Car. : on North Edisto r., 
SI m. 8. Columbia. 

Edtsto Mills, p. o., Edgefield dist., S, Car.: on South 
Edisto r., 5S m. "W. by S. Columbia, 

Edisto river, S. Car.: has its rise in Edgefield district, 
In two main constituent rivers, the North and the South 
Edisto, which meet a little W. of Eranchville, whence the 
course of the r. is E. and S. E. to the Atlantic Ocean, which 
It enters by two channels forming Edisto Island, about 12 
m. long and from 1 to 5 m. wide. The Edisto is navigable 
for large boats for 100 miles. 

Edmeston, t. and p. v., Otsego co., N. Y. : 74 m. "W. 
Albany. Drained by creeks of LTnadilla r., which makes 
its W. border. Surface somewhat hilly; soil, sandy loam. 
The V. on the right side of Oberton's or. contains about 80 
Inhabitants, and the t. about 1,885 inhabitants. 

Edmondson county, A>. Situate W. centrally, and con- 
tains 290 sq. m. Drained by tributaries of Green r., which 
passes through it from E. to W. There are several springs 
In the CO., of which Dripping Spring is the most curi'nis and 
best known. Surface diversified. Soils of average ferlility, 
producing all the grains abundantly, and tobacco, licmp. 
etc. Farms 507 ; manuf. 4 ; dwell. G51, and pop.— wh. 3.75:3, 
fr. col. 10, si. 525— total 4,088. Capital : IlrownsviUe. I'ld'- 
Uc Worl-a: Nashville and Louisville R. R. 

EoMOXTON. p. v., Barren county, Ky. : 98 m. S. S. W. 
Frankfort,' 

Edmund's, p. c, Brunswick co., Tirg. : 57 m. S. by \\. 
Kichmond. 

Edneyvii.le, p. v., Henderson county, K Car.: 213 m. 
W. by S. Raleigh. 

Edk.^t, p. v., Pocohontas co., Virg.: 146 m. AV. by N. 
Richmond. 

EpsAi.T.vii.LE, p. v., Bradford co., Perm.: 112 m. N. 
Harrisburg. 

Ed-wards county. III. Situate toward S. E., and contains 
216 sq. m. Drained by Little Wabash r. and Bonpas cr. 
of '\V.iba>'h r.. the latter of which forms its E. boundary. 
The surface is level, rtiostly prairie, with well-wooded bot- 
toms, and occasional groves of beautiful timber. Grain- 
growing is the chief business, but there are several mills, 
tanneries, etc. Farms Si'9 ; mannf. 7 : dwell. 59.5. and pop. 
—wh. 3 4911, fr. col. 34— total 3,524. Capital: Albion. 



I Edwards, t. and p. o,, St. Lawrence co., JV. )": .- 144 m. 
N. W. Albany. Drained by Oawegatchio r. Surface un 
even ; soil, clayey loam. The grazing is excellent. The t 
contains u-on ore, and has several factories and mills. Pop 
1 ,02.3. 

Kdwardseurgii, p. T., Cass co., Mich.: 98 m. S. W. 
Lansing. Situate on Beardsley's Lake and at the S. K 
corner of Beardsley's Prairie. The site is pleasant and the 
7. is prosperous and increasing. 

Edward'b DKi'dx, p. o.. Hinds co., Mi^-is. : on the line of 
thf Vicksburg, Jackson, and Brandon K. R., 28 m. "W. 
Jackson. 

Edward's Port, p. v., Knox co., Ind. : on the right banl: 
of the W. fork of White r., IS ra. N. E. Yinccnnes and 87 
m. .S. W. Indianapolis. 

Edwardsvili.e. p. v., and cap. Madison co., III. : on the 
E. bank of the Cahokia r.. 71 ra. S. by W. Springneld. It 
contains the visual county buildings, several stores and fac- 
tories, and about 40U inhabitants. It is located in an ele- 
vated and pleasant section and in tlie midst of a highly 
flourishing country. A newspaper, the " Madison Record," 
is i)Uliished weekly. 

Edwardsvili.e. p. v., St, Lawrence co., iV. Y. : on the 
right side of Oswegatehie r., 147 m. N. W. Albany. 

Edwardsville, p. v., Warren co., Ohio : in the S. E. of 
the county, 71 m. S. W. Columbus. 

Eel Rivrr. p. o., Allen co., JnfJ. : on the r. so^alled, 104 
m. N. ]C. by N. Indianapolis. Eel r. {Sho-a-make., or "slip- 
pery fish") rises in the N. W. comer of Allen co. and runs 
lO't m. S. W. to Logansport, where it empties into the 
Wabash. Its course is rapid, its volume regular, and, for 
at least 60 m., its average width is 150 to ISO feet. As a 
mill stream it is scarcely surpassed in the West. 

Eel river, Ind.: a branch of White r., emptying into it 
at Point Commerce. It rises in Boone co., and runs first 
S. W. and then S. E. through Hendricks, Putnam, Clay, 
and Owen counties. It is 60 m. long and about ICO feet 
wide, and affords good mill sites. 

Eel river, Calif. ; rises on the S. line of Trinity co. by 
several head streams, and in a course N. W. flows to the 
Pacific Ocean, which it enters a little S. of Humboldt Har- 
bor. It is a small stream, 

Effingham county, G(f. Situate S. E., and contains 39G 
sq. m. It lies between Savannah r. and Ogeechee r,, and 
is drained by creeks nnming to both. Surface level, and 
the soils very fertile. The staples are cotton, rice, and 
Indian corn, with some sugar, etc. Farms 308 ; manuf. ; 
dwell. 355, and pop.— wh. 2,009, fr. col. 7, si. 1,848— total 
.3,804. ra/rtY«Z.- Springfield. Pid>licWorks : Central R. E. 

Effingham county. III. Situate S. E. centrally, and con- 
tains 522 sq. m. Drained chiefly by Litlle Wabash r. and 
its branches — in the W. by streams flowing to the Kaskaskia 
r. Surface gently undulating — chiefly prairie, but with 
aliundance of timber. Soils fertile, but on the streams 
liable to fioodings. Farms 391 ; manuf ; dwell. 712, and 
pop.— wh. 3,792. fr. col. 7— total 3,799. Capital : Ewing- 
ton. Public Works: Mississippi and Atlantic E. R. ; Na^ 
tional Road, etc. 

Effingham, t. and p. o., Carroll co., 27". Ilamp.: 41 m. 
N. E. Concord. Drained by aflluents of Ossipce lake and 
river: surface hilly. It is a fine grazing country, and has 
several tanneries and saw-mills. I'op. 1.252. 

Effingham, p. v., Darlington dist., S. Car.: on the N 
pi<le of Lyncirs cr. of Great Pcedee r., 71 m. E. by N 
Columbia. 

E^TING^AM Falls, p. v., Carroll co., 2^. Ilamp.: 44 m. 
N. E. Con ord. 

Effort, p. v.. Monroe co., Penn. : 93 m. N. E. Harrisburg. 

Efii:d"s Mills, p. o., Stanly co., K Car. : 89 m. W. S.W. 
Raleigh. 

Egg Uarror, Great, river and bay, JV. Jer. : the r. rises 
in Gloucester co. and flows 45 m. into Great Egg Harbor 
Eav. which is about 5 m. long and from 1 to 4 nL broad. 

197 



EGO 



ELI 



The r. 13 naviguble for sloops over 25 m. above ilay's Land- 
ing, below which U flows tlirough a marsli. 

Egg Harbor, Little, river and bay, 3'. Jer. : the r. rises 
in Burlington and Gloucester counties and flows to the bay. 
It is navigable for 2o ra., and is nfiproachotl through New 
Inlut, which has a dej)th of water of from 15 to 1>> ll-eU 

Egypt, p. v., Monrno co., jV. }'. ; 1S2 ni. W. by N. Albany. 

Egypt, p. 0., Effingham county, Ga.: 133 ra. E. S. E. 
Millcdgeville. 

Egypt, p. o., Fayctto county, T^nn.: 1G3 la. \V. S. W. 
Nashville. 

Egti't, p. 0., Colorado county, Tcr.: 113 m. E. S. E. 
Austin City. 

Egypt, p. c, Monroe co., Tirg.: 173 m. "VV. Richmond. 

Elamstillb, p. v., Patrick co., Virff. : 163 m, "W. S. W. 
Richmond. 

Elba, p. v., "Washtenaw co., Mich. : 51 m. S. E. Lansing. 

Elda, t. and p. t., Dodgo county, Wise.: 28 ni. 3ft. E. 
Madison. I*op. 1,54S. 

Elua, t. and p. v., Genesee co., jV. V. : 222 ra-W. Albany. 
Drained by Oak Orchard cr. Surface undulating; soil, 
sandy and gravelly loam. The v. is on the left bank of the 
creek. Top. of t. 1,772, 

Elbkrt county, Oa. Situate N. E., and contains 560 sq. 
m. It has Savannah r. ou the E., Broad r. on the S., and 
Light-wood cr. on the N., the two latter being affluents of 
the firsL Drained by numerous ereeks flowing to the 
Savannah. Surface hilly. Soil a productive red loam in 
tJjo S. Staples — cotton, wheat, Indian corn, and other 
grains. Farms SO-i; manuf. 20; dwell. 1,177, and pop. — 
wh. 6,676, fr. col. 16, sL 6,267— total 12,959. Capital: Fi- 
ber ton. 

Elberton, p. v., and cap. Elbert co., Ga. : 73 m. N. by E. 
Milledgeville. It contains the county buildings, a church, 
several stores, and about 200 inhabitants. 

Elbejdge, p. v., Edgar co.. III. : m U»e S. E. comer of 
the county, between Clear and Big creeks of Wabash r., 
110 m. E. by S. Springfield. 

Elbridge, t. and p. v., Onondaga co., 2^. T.: 135 m. 
"W*. by N. Albany. Drained by the outlet of Skaneateles 
Lake. Surface moderately uneven, and soils fertile. The 
Erie Canal passes through tiio N. part of Uie t. and tlio 
Kocliester and Syracuse K. R. throuj^^h its S. part. It con- 
tains several factories, a large number of fine mills and 
stores, and about 3,924 inhabitants. 

El Dara, p. o., Pike co., III. : 7S m. "W. by S. Springfield. 

Eldersbcrgii, p. v., Howard co., J/d. : on the W. side 
of Cat-tail branch of Patuxent r., 81 m. N. \V. Annapolis. 

Eldeksville, p. v., "Washington co., Pe/iii.: 192 m. W. 
riarrishurg. 

Elberton, p. v., Armstrong co., Perm. : on Plumb cr., 
13S ra. "W. N. W. Harristmrg. 

El Dorado county, Odi/. Situate E. middle, and con- 
tains 1,600 sq. m. Drained by Middle and S. forks of 
American r., and by Cosunines r. and the N. fork of Moke- 
lunme r. The E. part of the co. lies on the slope of the 
Sierra Nevada, and is a rough, volcanic region. In this 
part of the co. is Fremont's Lake, the source of the S. fork 
of Araerican r. ; it is 13 ni. long and 6 m. wide. The W. 
part of the co. is a fine agricultural country. The whole 
CO. is rich in gold, and it was at Sutter's Mill, a little W. of 
CuUonia, the co. seat, that gold was first discovered. Farms 
000; manuf. 00; dwell. 000, and pop.— wh. 80,000, fr. col. 
— totaUO,)iOO. Cajiital: CuUoma. 

El Dorado, p. v., and cap. Union co., Avk.: in the 
midst of a fl[ie elevated prairie, about 3 ui. S. of Washita r. 
and 123 m. S. by E. Little Rock. It contains 1 9.5 souls, 
and has a newspaper, ■' El D. Union" (whig), Issued weekly. 

El Dorado, p. v., Clark co., Mo. : on the E. side of North 
Wyaconda r., 129 m. N. Jefferson City. 

El Dorado, p. o., Culpepper co., Virg. : 78 m. N. N.W. 
Richmond. 

El Dorado, L and p. 0., Fond du Lac co., Wiac : 6T m. 
198 



N. E. by N. Madison. The v. lies about 3 ui. N. W. of 
Fond du Lac. 

Eldred, p. o., Wayne county, Penn. : 12S m. N. E. 
llarrisburg. 

Eldeedvillb, p. v., Sullivan county, Petm,: 86 m. N. 
Harrisburg. 

Eldridge, p. T., Walker county, Ala. : 13:3 m. N. W. 
Montgomery. 

Elevatiox, p. o., Johnson co., J^. Car. : 31 ni. E. by S. 
Raleigh. 

Elgin, p. v., Kane co., III. : on the W. side of Fox r..l6S 
m. N. N. E. Springfield. The Galena and Chicago Union 
R. R. passes through the v., 42* m. irom Chicago. It is a 
place of considerable business, and has several mills, aloroe, 
etc.. and about 700 inhabitants, 

Elgin, p. v., Cattaraugus co., JV; Y. : 233 m. W. by S. 
Albany. 

EnDA, p. T., Winnebago co., III. : on the S. line of the 
CO., on a cr. of R<tck r., 176 m. N. by E. Springfield. 

Elijah's Creek, p. o., Boone co., A'^. .' &4 ra. N. by E. 
Frankfort. 

Elimsport, p. v., Lycoming co., Penn. : 69 m. N. l»y W. 
llarrisburg. 

EuzA, p. o.. Mercer co., Ill,: 4 m. E. of the Mississippi, 
and 126 N. W. Springfield. 

Elizabeth, p. v., and cap. Jackson co.. Ark. : S4 m. N. E. 
Little Rock. Situate on the letl bank of White r., a little 
below the confluence of Big Black r., and at the head of 
steamboat navigation. It is well located for commerce, hav- 
ing a splendid agricultural vicinage. ' 

Elizabrth, p. v., Jo Daviess co., III. : on the E. side of 
Apple r., a tributary of the Mississippi, 179 m. N. by W. 
Springfield. 

Euzabeth, p. v., Harrison co., Ind. : on the S. fork of 
Buck cr., 4 m.from the Ohio r., an.l 112 m.S. byE. Indian- 
apolis. It contains about 200 inhabitants. 

Elizabeth,!, and p. v., Lawrence co., Ohio: 97m.S. S.E. 
Columbus. It is one of the first iron regions in the State, 
and has numerous furnaces in active operation. The Iron 
U. R. passes through the town from Ironton, on the Ohio, 
to a junction with the Scioto Valley R. R. 

Elizabeth, t. and p. v., Alleghany co., Penn.: between 
the Monongahela and Youghiogheny rivers, 162 ra. W. 
llarrisburg. Surface hilly ; coal abundant. The v. lies on 
Uie E. bank of Monongahela r., and by means of slack- 
water nivigation, is reached by vessels of considerable 
burden, and many arc built here. There are several facto 
ries and mills in Elizabeth, and a population of about 4,im0. 

Elizabeth cape, Me. : a celebrated headland, forming tho 
western limits of Casco Bay. Near the point of the cape ia 
a light-house, 50 feet high, in laL 43° 83' N., and long. 
70O 11' W. 

Elizabeth City county, Virg, Situate E., and contains 
64 sq. m. It lies at the confluence of James r. with Chesa- 
peake Bay, opposite to Cape Charles, and having Hampton 
Roads on its S. border. It is one of the eight original coun- 
ties into which Virginia was divided in 1634. The surface 
is level, and the soils generally fertile. Farms 173; manuf. 
12: dw.'li. 456, and pop.~wh. 2,341, £r. col. 97, si. 2,14S— 
total 4,536. CapiUd: Hampton. 

Elizabeth City, p. v., and cap. Pasquotank co.. A'; C(ir. : 
on Pasquotank r., 20 m. above its confluence with Albe- 
marle Sound, and 173 m. E. by N. Raleigh. Vessels draw- 
ing 7 fiet water, come up to this place, and it has a Ciinuuu- 
nicatiua with Hampton Roads through the Dismal Swamp 
Canal, a distance of about 52 m. It contains the co. otBces, 
several mercantile and trading houses, and about SOO iu- 
habitants. Its exports are staves, pine lumber, shingles, 
etc., chiefiy to the West Indies. 'Three newsi)apers arc 
published in the village, viz., the "Old North State" (whig), 
and the ''Democratic Pioneer," issued weekly, and the 
*' Baptist Messenger," Lssued sumi-monthly. 

EuzABSTu islands, Duke co., J/otfS. ; these islands lie 



ELI 



ELK 



between Buzzard's Bay and Vineyard Sound, and are 16 in 
number. The largest, Nashawa and Nasliawenna, are in- 
habited. Gosnold, the diseovercr of Cape Cod, wintered in 
one of these islands io 1602-3. 

EuzABETH PoKT, p. V., Essex CO., Kl Jer. : on Staten 
Island Sound, near its junction with Newark Bay, 39 m. 
N. E. Trenton. It eonlains several manufacturing estab- 
lishments, and about 140 dwelUngs, and is the E. terminus 
of the New Jersey Central R. R., connectino; with New York 
City by a steamboat route of 1-1 m. The distance to Easton, 
Perm., is 64 m. 

Elizabeth river, Virff : rises in Princess Ann and Nor- 
folk counties, and flows N. W. 25 m. into a large estuary at 
the mouth of James r., forming a flue liarbor at Norfulk. In 
conjunction with the Dismal Swamp Canal and Pasquotank 
r., it forms a communication between Chesapeake Bay and 
Albemarle Sound. 

Elizadetu Town, p. v., and cap. Carter co., Tmin. : on 
the S. bank of "Watauga r., a constituent of Holston, 25T 
m. E. Nashville. It ctmtains a court-house and other co. 
oflaces. and has several stores and about 200 mhabitants. In 
the vicinity there are several large iron-works. 

Elizabeth Town, p. v., and cap. Hardin co., III.: on 
theN. bank of the Ohio r., at the foot of Hurricane Island, 
ISO m. S. S. E. SpringfieM. It contains the eo. buildings, 
several stores, and 400 inhabitants. A short distance inland 
tliere are some iron furnaces. 

Ki-izABETii Tow N. p. v., Bartholomew co.. Ind. : a newly- 
formed village,on the line of the Madis<>n and Indianapolis 
K. K., 33 m. from Madison, and 55 m. from Indianapolis. It 
contains about 40 dwellings. 

ELLZAitETn Town, p. v., and cap. Hardin co., A'j/. ; on 
the N. side of Yalley cr., a branch of NoUn's cr., 66 m-S.W. 
Frankfort. 

Elizabeth Town, p. b., Essex co., A' Jer. ; on Elizabeth 
cr., 2J m. from its entrance into Staten Island Soimd, 38 m. 
N. E. Trenton. LaL 40O 3S' N., and long. T40 12' W. The 
New Jersey R. E., and Ihe New Jersey Central R. Ri inter- 
sect at this point. It contains a court-house, jail, and about 
400 dwellings, and has considerable manufactures. Vessels 
of 30 tons come up to the v., ancl of 300 tuns to Elizabeth 
Port, 2^ m. below. Pop. about 3,000. 

Elizabeth Town, t, p. v., and cap. Essex co., 2^. Y. : 03 
in. N. by E. Albany. Drained by several branches of Bo- 
quet r. Surface mountainous in the \Y. ; in the E. mod- 
erately mieven. The Clinton range of mountains rises on 
the W. border, some of the peaks being from 1,200 to 1.500 
feet above the level of Lako Champlain. Iron ore of the 
finest quality abounds. The v. is on the left side of the r., 
and contains a court-house, jail, etc., an<l about 70 dwell- 
ings. In the t. are several iron-worka and a large number 
of saw-mills. Pop. 1,6;35. 

Elizabeth Town. p. v., and cap. Bladen co., A\ Car. : on 
the right bank of Cape Fear r., 40 m. above Wilmington, 
and 78 m. S. by E. Raleigh. It has considerable river trade, 
and is a thriving place. The principal buildings are the 
court-house, and other co. offices, and it has several stores, 
and about 600 inhabitants. 

Elizabeth Tuwn, p. v., Hamilton co., Ohio: on the right 
banKof White Water r., and on Ihehneof the White Water 
Canal. 113 m. S. W. Columbus. It contains several stores, 
and about 200 inhabitants. 

Elizabeth Town, p. v., Lancaster co., Perm.: in the 
forks of Coney cr., 33 m. E. Harrisburg. 

E LIZA BETH viLLK, p V,, Daupbin CO., 7*e?w. ; 2S m. N. 
Harri-sburg. 

Elizaville, p. v., Fleming co., Ky. : 76 m. E. by N. 
Frankfort. 

Euzaville, p. v., Columbia co., JV: T. : S3 m. S. by E. 
Albany. 

Elk county, />««. Situ.ite W. centrally, and contains 
860 sq. ra. I'ndned chiefly by the head waters of Clarion 
river— in the E. by affiuents of the busquehanna. The 



surface is elevated, somewhat rough, but the soils are of 
average fertility, and produce abundantly all the cereals 
and grasses. Farms 254 ; manuf. 50 ; dwell. 643, and pop. 
— wh. 3,520, fl-. col. 2 — total 3.531. Cuplkd : Ridgeway* 
Pttblic Worka: Sunbury and Erie R. R. 

Elk, p. o., Crawford coimty, WUe. : 77 m. W. by ISU 
Madison. 

ElKader.p. v., Claytonco., /(i.;on theS. side of Txirkey 
r., an affluent of the Mississippi, 81 m. N. by E. Iowa City. 

Elk Cuelk, t and p. o.. Erie co., Peiin. : 216 m. N. W. 
Harrisburg. Drained by Cussawaga cr., a branch of Elk 
cr., and a tribularj' of Conneaut r., on tlie last of whiih are 
salt springs. Surface hilly: soil, gravelly lo.tm and pro^ 
ductive. It is a good agricultural town, and has about 1,S00 
inhabitants. 

Ei-lt CiiEEK, p. o., Grayson co., Yirg. : on the cr., a trib- 
utary of New r. so called, 216 m. W. S. W. Richmond. 

Elk Ceops lioAi>s, p. o., Ashe county, N. Car.: 173 m. 
W. by N. Raleigh. 

Elk Dale, p. o., Chester county, Peivn, : 73 m. E. S. B. 
Harrisburg. 

Elk Fuknace, p. o., Nelson co., Virg. : 83 m. W. by It 
Richmon<l. 

Elk Garden, p. o., Russell co., Virg.: 26S m. W. bySi 
Richmond. 

Elk Geote, p. c, I^fayetto co., Mo.: 96 m, W. N. W. 
Jetferson City. 

Elk Giio%'E, p. o., Cook co., III. : to the E. of Elk cr. <rf 
Des Plaines r., 174 m. N. E. by N. Spriugfleld. 

Elk (inovE, p. o., Iowa county, Wise: 34 m. W. by S. 
Madisou. 

Elkhaet county, Ind, Situate N. mid<lle, and contahid 
460 sq. m. Drained by St. Joseph's, Elkhart, and otlier 
streams. There are also several lakelets in the county. 
Surface undulating — one half timbered, and the residue 
prairie or oak-barrens. The prairies are remarkably fertile. 
Wheat and Indian com are the staple growths ; other grains 
and grass are produced in abundance. Iron is found, and 
at Mesliawaka is largely manufactured. Farms 1^26; 
manuf. 70; dwell. 2,254, and pop.— wh. 12.GT4, fr. col. 1&— 
total 12,000. Cajniul: Goshen. Piillic Works : Northern 
Indiana li. K., with branch to Goshen, and a R. R. thence 
S. to Peru. 

Elkuakt, p. v., Elkhart co., I/id. : at the junction of Elk* 
hart and St. Joseph's rivers, 131 m. N. Indianapolis. U 
contains several mills, warehouses, stores, etc., and about COO 
inhabitants, and is the business centre of a large section, 
ultimately to become an important place. The Indiana 
Northern R. II. intersects it 102 m- from Chicago, and 14fi 
from Monroe. 

Elkuaet, p. v., Sheboygan CO., Wisc^: 84 m. E. N. Ei 
Madison. 

Elkhart river, Iiid.: a fine mill-stream, an aflluent of 
St. Joseph's r. It has a permanent supply of water from 
springs and lakes, and for the last 40 m. above its mouth its 
usual breadth is from SO to 100 yards. The country through 
which it passes is one of the richest agricultural regions of 
the Slate. 

Elkheart, p. v., Anderson county, Tes : 173 m. N. K 
Austin City. 

Elk Hill, p. o., Amelia county, Yir-g. : 82 m. S W. 
Richmond. 

Elk Hokn, p. v., Washington co., III.: at the head of 
Elkhom cr. of Kaskaskia r., 103 m. 8. Springfield. 

Elk Horn, p. v., and cap. Walworth co., Wise: in tho 
centre of the co., 49 m. E. S. E. Madison. It contains Iho 
CO. C. H., and other pubUc offices, and about 800 iuhabilants. 
The trade at this point is considerable, and the v. ia con- 
nected with Racine on the lake by a plank road. 

Elk Horn, p. o., Franklin co., Ky.: on Elkhom cr. of 
Kentucky r., 12 m. N. by E. Frankfort. 

Elk lioES, p. c, Montgomery co., Mo. : 82 m. N. E. 
JeS"erson City. 

190 



ELK 



ELL 



EtK Horn Grovb, p. o., Carroll co., lU, : on Elkliom cr. 
of Kock r., 152 ra. N. Springfield. 

Klk Lake, p. o., Susquehanna co., Pertn. : 123 m. N. E. 
Uarrisburg. 

Elk Lani», t. and p. o., Tioga co., Penn. : 122 m. N. by W. 
Harrisburg. I>rained by Cowanesque and Crooked creeks 
of Tioga r. Surface hilly ; soil, graTel loam and clay — 
heavily tijnbered. Pop. about 900. 

Elk Lick, t. and p. o., Somerset connty, P&nn. : 123 m. 
\r. S. W. llarrisburg. It has numerous mills, distilleries, 
etc., and is an excellent agricultural tMvn. Tbe Alleghany 
chain bounds it on the east, and it is drained by several 
branches of Youghingcny r. 

Elk Mills, p. o., M'Donald co.. Mo. : on Elk r. of tho 
Neosho, near tho W. lino of tho State, 194 m. S. "W. Joffer- 
Bon City. 

Elk Port, p. v., Clayton co., Ja. : on Elk cr.fif Turkey 
r, T2 ra. N. by E. Iowa City. 

Elk lliDCE, p. o., Giles co., Tenn. : 53 ra. S. Nashnlle. 

Elk EiDGB Landing, p. v., Anne Arundel (Howard) co., 
Md. : on the S. side of Patapsco r., 7 m. above Baltimore, 
and at the head of tide-water. The Washington Branch 
K. It. diverges from the Baltimore and Ohio li. K., on the 
opposite side of the river, the former passing through the 
village. The viaduct over which the railroad crosses tljc 
stream, is 704 feet long and 55 feet above the surface of tho 
water, resting on eight arches constructed of granite quar- 
ried in the neighborhood. The v. has considerable manu- 
laetures, and, in fact, the whole vicinity is one scene of 
mechanical industrj'. Pop. about SCO. 

Elk Kiver, p. v., Clinton co., /((..- on Elk r.. a small 
affluent of the Mississippi. 69 m. E. N. E. Iowa City. 

Elk IliVEE, p. 0., Franklin county, Temi. : 69 m. 9. S. E. 
Nashville. The r. from wliich this p. o. has its name, is a 
considerable tributary of the Tennessee r. ; it rises in the 
hilly region on the E. border of Franklin county, and thence 
passes through Lincoln and Giles counties, int^j Alabama, 
where it Joins the Tennessee near the Muscle Shoals. It has 
a large number of aflluenLs. 

Elk river, Or^g. Ter. : a tributary of Umpqua r., which 
It joins at the v. of Elkton. 

Elk river, ^f(I. : rises in Pennsylvania, and flows by a 
broad estuary into the N. part of Chesapeake Bay. It is 
navigable for 15 m. to Elkton. 

Elk river, Ahr.: an aflluent of Tennessee r., which it 
enters a little above the Muscle Sho-ils. 

Elk Run, p. o., Fauquier co., Virg. : 93 ra. N. by 'W. 
Richmond. 

Elk SpRiNfis, p. o.. Pike co., Mo. : on Elk Lick of Salt 
r., 76 m. N. E. Jefferson City. 

Elkton, p. v., Umpqua co., Oreg. T^r. : at the confluence 
of Elk r. with the Umpqua, 9^ ni. S. Salem. 

Elkton, p. v., Crawford co., III. : on the edge of a fine 
prairie, 10 m. TV. of Ilutsonville, on the "Wabash, and lOS 
m. E. S. E. Springfield. 

Elkton, p. v., and cap.- Todd co., Ky. : on Elk fork of 
lied r., a tributary of Cumberland r., 167 m. W. S. W. 
Frankfort. It contains a court-house and other co. offices, 
and about 600 inhabitants. 

Elkton, p. v., and cap. Cecil co., Md. : at the forks of Elk 
r, 15 m. above its confluence with Chesapeake Bay, at 
Turliey Point, 54 m. N. E. Annapolis. It is a well-built place, 
with a court-house, co. prison, etc., and has 1,12S inliab- 
Itants. The Philadelphia, Wilmington, and Baltimore K. E. 
pxsses the town a little to the N. 

Elkton, p. v., Hickory co., JA). ; about 5 m.^W. of Pomme 
de Terre river, an affluent of Osage river, 83 m. S. W. 
Jefi'erson City. 

Elkton, p. v., Giles co., Tfun. : on Elk r. of tho Tennes- 
see, 72 m. S. Nashville. Pop. 200. 

Elkton, p. v., Columbiana co., Ohio: on the N. bank of 
the middle fork of Little Beaver r., and on the line of the 
Bandy and Beaver Canal, 129 m. E. N. E. Columbus. It is 



located on the W. side of the entrance of Elk Run, into the 
above-named river, and ctintains 100 inhabitants. 

Elkville, p. v.. Caldwell co., N. Car. : on Elk cr., at its 
confluence with Yadkin r., 157 m. W. by N. Raleigh. 

Ellejay, p. v., and cap. GUmer co., Ga. : at the conflu- 
ence of the Ellejay and Cottercay rivers, 14.3 ni N. W. by 
N. Milledgcville. It contains a C. U. and other county 
buildings, and about 300 inhabitanta. 

Ellejay, p. v., Blount co., Term.: 156 m. E. by S. 
Nashville. 

Ellenuokocgu, p. v.. Grant co., Wise: on the E. side 
of Platte r., an affluent of the Mississippi, 63 m, W. S. \X. 
Madison. 

Ellenhttrgh, t. and p. o., Clinton co., 2v\ Y. : 143 m. N. 
Albany. Drained by English and other creeks of Cliateau- 
guay r., which flows N. into the SL Lawrence and the 
head streams of Chazy r. of Lake Charaplaiu. Surface 
hilly but generally arable. Pop. I,l04. 

Ellengowan, p. o., Baltimore co., Md. 

Ellenville, p. v., Ulster co., Al i'.: at the junction of 
Sand Bar and Good Beerkill creeks, 71 m. S. by W, Albany, 
and on the line of the Delaware and Hudson Canal. It 
contains three churches, an iron foundry, several stores, fac- 
tories, and mills, and about 600 inhabitants; and a news- 
paper, the "E. Journal" (dem.), is issued weekly. In the 
vicinity is an old lead mine. 

Ellehoy, p. v., Stephenson county. Mi. : 173 m. N. 
Springfield. 

Ellebslie, p. v., Harris co., Ga.: 106 m. W. S. W. 
Milledgeville. 

Ellerslie, p. v., Susquehanna co.y Penn.: 129 m. N. E. 
Uarrisburg. 

Ellery, t and p. v., Chautauque co., A'". Y. : 273 ra. 
W. by S. Albany. Drained chiefly by several creeks of 
Chautauque Lake, which forms its AV. border. Surface 
undulating ; soil, sandy and grarcUy loam. ,The v. on the 
E. shore of the lake contains about 150 inhabitants. Pop. 
of the t, 2,504. 

Ell (JnovE, p. o., Henry co,, Tenn.: 92 ra. W. by N. 
Nashville. 

Ellicott Creek, p. o., Erie co., 2i, Y. : on the creek so 
called, 259 m. W. Albany. 

Ellicutt's Mills, p. v., Anne Arundel (Howard) co., Md. : 
on Patapsco r.. 12 m. above Baltimore, and 31 ra. N. by W. 
Annapolis. The Baltiraore and Ohio R. R. passes through 
the place. The whole vicinity is one scene of productive 
industry ; and here is the greatest centre of flouring-raills in 
the Union. In I>50 the population amounted to 1.059, of 
which nund)er 196 were free colored persons. The " How- 
ard Gazette" is published weekly. The vicinity for 10 or 12 
m. around has nuich grand scenery, and the lands in gen- 
eral are in a good state of cullivalion. 

Ellicottsville, t., p. v., and cap. Cattaraugus co., Al Y. : 
244 ni. W. by S. Albany. Drained by Great Valley cr. and 
its tributaries. Surface undulating ; soil, sandy and gravelly 
loam. The v. is located on the right side of the cr., which 
is an affluent of Alleghgny r. ; it contains the county build- 
ings, and about SOO inhabitants; and h.is three newspapers, 
the *' Cattaraugus Whig," the " Cattaraugus Republican" 
(dem.), antl the " "Whig and Union," all published weekly. 
The I. is chiefly agricultural. Pop. 1.412. 

Ellington, t. and p. v., Tolland co., Conn.: 16 ra. N. E. 
Hartford. Drained by Broad Brook of Scanlic r. and Hock- 
anum r.. the outlet of Snipsick Lake and an affluent of the 
Connecticut. Surface varied — on the E. hilly, and on the 
"W. generally level ; soils light and dry, and of average jtro- 
ductiveness. The v. is located at the cross roads, near the 
centre of the U, and contains about GO dwellings. Pop. of 
tlio t. 1,355. 

Ellington, p. v., Outog.imie co., Wise. : 103 ra. N. N. E. 
Madison. 

Ellington, t. and p. o., Chautauque co., K Y.: 270 m. 
W. by S. Albany. Drained by Clea^ cr. Surface undulat- 



ELL 



ELM 



ing; soil, sandy niiU prawlly loam. There are several 
tanneries aiul niiils in the t., aud about 2,001 inbabilauts. 

Elung wood's Corner, p. v., Waldo co., Me. 

Elliott, t. and p. v., York county, Me,: 100 m. 8. W. 
Augusta. Drained by creeks of Piscataqua r., which makes 
its S. "VV. border. Surface varied, and soil generally pro- 
ductive. There are several tanneries and mills in the t., 
aud about 2.200 inhabitants. 

Elliottsbukgu, p. v., Perry county, Penn.: 32 m. "W. 
Ilarrisbnrg. 

Elliott's Cross Eoads, p. o., Morgan co., Ohio: OG m. 
E.S. E.'CoIumbus. 

Elliott's CBt.ss Koadb, p. o., Clinton co., Ky. : on the 
S. line of the State, 110 m. S. Frankfurt. 

ELLiOTTsviLLy, t. and p. o., Piscataquis co., 3le. : 79 ni. 
N. by E. Augusta. 

Elliottsville, p. v., Jefferson co., Ohio: on the right 
bank of the Uhio r., 12C m. E. N. E. Columbus. It has 
several ponds and brooks emptying through Sebee and 
Pleasant rivers into the Piscataquis. The v. lies on "Wilson's 
Brook, an affluent of Sebec Lake. 

Ellis county, Tt-x. Situate N. centrally, and contains 
800 sq. m. Drained by the upper streams of Trinity r. Or- 
ganized since 1S50. Capital: Waxahachi. 

Ellis island, A'". Y. : in the harbor of New York, op- 
posite the mouth of Hudson r. It belongs to the United 
States, and is the site of Fort Gibson, now used as 'a naval 
store-house and powder magazine. It is also known as 
Gibbet Island, from the fact of its having been formerly the 
place for hanging or gibboling pirates condemned to death. 

Ellis river. Me. : a tributary of Androscoggin river. 

Ellis river, A^. Ham}). : an aflluent of the Saco from the 
White Mountains. 

ELLisniTF.GU, p. v., La Grange co., Ind. : 136 m. N. X. E. 
Indianapolis. 

ELLisBunsu, t. and p. v., Jefferson co.. A''. 5'.; 136 m. 
W. N. W. Albany. Drained by the branches of Sandy cr., 
an affluent of Lake Erie, which bounds it on the W. Surface 
level; soil, sandy loam. The v. is located on Sandy cr., 
which affords extensive water-power, and has several mills, 
about 60 dwellings, and 400 inhabitants. The Waterlown 
and liome K. i;. passes through the E. part of the t., and at 
Pierrepont forms a junction with the Ellisburg aud Saek- 
ett's Harbor If. R. Pop. 5,524. 

Ellisburgu, p. b., Potter co., Penn. : 126 m. N. by V7. 
Harrisburg. 

Ellison, p. o., Warren co., lU. : SS m. N. W. Springfield. 

Lllistos, p. v., Madison co., Ky. : 4S m. S. E, Frankfurt. 

Eluston, p. v., Onondaga co., A^ J'. ; 124 m. W. by N. 
Albany. 

Ellistown, p. v., Pontotoc co., Miss.: 155 m. N. E. 
Jackson. 

Ellisville, p. v., Columbia co., Flor. : on the Santa Fe 
r., a tributary of Suwanee r., 112 m. E. S. E. Tallahassee. 

Ellisville, p. v., Bladen co., A^. Car. : 73 m. S. Ealeigh. 

Ellisville, p. v., FulUiu co.. III. : on the E. side of 
ijpoon r. of the Illinois, 69 m. N. W. Springfield. There 
are several large mills on the river, both above and below 
the village. 

Ellisville, p. v., and cap. Jones co., Mi^s.: on Talla- 
hala cr., a constituent of Pascagoola r., 7S m. S. E. by E. 
Jackson. 

Ellisville, p. v., SL Louis co., Mo.: 83 m. E. by N. 
Jefferson City. 

Ellisville, p. v., Louisa county, Virg.: 51 m. N. W. 
Bichmond. 

Ellittbville. p. v., Monroe co., Iiid. : 44 m. S. W. by S. 
Indianapolis. Tlie Xcw Albany and Salem 11. li. intersects 
this place, 7 m. N. W. Bkmmington. 

Ellswobth, p. v., Litchfield county, CoJin.: 41 m W. 
Hartford. 

Ellsworth, t., p. v., and cap. Hancock co.. Me. : 71 m. 
E. ty N. Augusta. Drained by Union r., and there are 



several large ponds emptying into it. Surface varied. Soil 
fertile, adapted alike U) grain growing and grazing. The 
V. is situate at both sides of Union r., at the head nf tide 
water, and accessible to large vessels. The r. is here spanned 
by a bridge, connecting the two sections of the v. It con- 
tains a court-house, co. jail, and the co. offices, and about 
600 inhabitants. Pop. of t. 4,009. 

Ellswoktu, p. v., Texas co.. Mo. : on Big Piney Fork 
of Gasconade r., 7S m. S. by E. Jefferson City. Pop. 9." 3. 

Ellswohth, t. and p. v., Mahoning co., Ohio: 132 m* 
N. E. Columbus. Drained by an aflluent of Mahoning r. 
Surface diversiiied,and soil of average fertility, well adapted 
to grass and grain. The v. on the Canfield and liavt-nna 
Turnpike, contains luO inhabitants. The cheese and butter 
of this t. have long been noted in tlie markets. 

Ellwood, p. v., Muhlenburgh co., Ay. ; 146 m. W. S W 
Frankfurt. 

Ellwood's Bridge, p. c, Delaware co., A'; Y. 

Elm Bluff, p. o., Dallas co., Ala. : 47 ra. W. Montgomery. 

Elmer, p. o., Salem co.. A' Jer. : 57 m. S. S. W. Trenton. 

Elm G hove, p. o., Marion co., 7t*. ; in the S. E. corner of 
the CO., 77 m. W. S. W. Iowa City. 

Elm Grove, p. o., De Soto co.. Miss. : 177 m. N. Jackson. 

Elm Grove, p. o., Lewis county, Mo.: 103 m. N. by E. 
Jefferson City. 

Eiji Grove, p. o., Highland co., III. 

Elm Hill, p. o., Davidson co., Tenn. 

Elmira, p. v.. Stark co.. III. : on the E. side of Spoon r. 
of the Illinois, 90 m. N. Springfield. 

Elmira, t., p. v., and cap. Chemung co., N. Y. : 15S m. 
W. by S. Albany. Drained by creeks of Chemung r. Sur- 
face uneven ; soil in the valleys and flats very fertile. Tho 
V. is located on the left side of Chemung r., at the entrance 
of Newton's cr., where is extensive water-power. It eon- 
tains a court-house, and other co. oflBces, and has a number 
of manufacturing establishments, stores, warehouses, etc. It 
is also a great lumber market, and has a considerable trade. 
The Chemung Canal has itsSouthern terminus at this point, 
and the New York and Erie II. E. passes through the v., 
and 4 m. W. of tho v. is tapped by the Canandaigua and 
Elmira II. 1*. Thr-e newspapers are published here — the 
'■E. Republican" Ovhig), the " E. Ga;:ette" (free soil), and 
the " E. Couri r" (whig)— all issued weekly. Two bridge* 
cross th Chemung r., over one of which the li. K. passes, 
and over the other the turnpike. Pop. C,212. The original 
nam of the t was C<>n-e-ica-icah. It was settled in 17SS, 
and called "^ Newton," and in 1791, the v. havini; been loca- 
ted by Moses De Witt, its name was changed to " Dewilta- 
burg." In the last year the first frame-house was built, and 
the lands were sold to settlers at IS pence per acre. Tho 
t. finally received its jiresent title from some gentleman who 
named it after his wile. Pop. ot t. s,u;6. 

Elmira, p. • ., Fulton county, Ohio: 127 m. N. N. W. 
Columbus. 

Elmure, t. and p. o., Lamoille co., Vei'^^n. : 16 ni. N. by E, 
MontpoHer. Drained in the S. by branches of Onion r., and 
in the N. by branches of the Lamoille. Surface elevated 
and rough ; soils moderately fertile. The v. is located in 
the N. part of the t. on a branch of Lamoille r. The t. has 
several ponds, and contains iron ore. Pop. 504. 

Elmore, p. o., Peoria co., lU.: 73 ni. N. Springfield. 

Elm Point, p. o,, Bond co.. III.: irl the middle of Fork 
Prairie, between the forks of Shoal cr., an aflluent of Kas. 
kaskia r., 61 m. S. by E. Springfield. 

Elm Springs, p. v., Washington co.. Ark. : 144 m. N. W. 
Little Rock. 

Elm Tree, p. <».. Hancock cA., III. : on the edg»- of a fine 
prairie, 6 m. E. S. E. Carthage, and S4 m. W. N. W.^ 
Springfield. 

Elm Wood, p. c, Peoria co., III. : on Kickapoo cr., 63 
ni. N. by W. Springfield. 

Elm Wood, p. o., Saline county, Mo.: 76 m. W. N W 
Jefferson City. 

201 



ELO 



ENF 



Elon, p. o., Amherst co., Virg. : 92 m. W. Richmond. 

Elrod, p. v., Eipley co., Iiid. 

Elton, p. v., Cattaraugus co., iV, Y. : 146 m. W. by S. 
Albany- 

Elton, p. v., Edgefield district, & Car.: 64 m. W. 
ColumI)ia. 

Elyria, t, p.v., and cap. Lorain co., Ohio : 108 m. N.N. E. 
Columbus. Drained by Black r. of Lake Erie, and its trib- 
utaries. Surface uneven ; soils generally fertile. The v. is 
pleasantly located between the E. and W, forks of Black r., 
which unite about half a mile N. of it, and each of which 
has a perpendicular fall of nearly 40 feet on the opposite 
sides of the v., affording extensive hydraulic power. The 
principal streets extend from one branch of the river to the 
other, and the buildings exhibit much neatness and taste. 
It contains a court-house and other co. buildings, several 
furnaces, factories, and mills, and about 1,4S2 inhabitants; 
and two newspapers, the "E. Courier'" (whig), and the 
** Lorain Argus'* (dem.), are published weekly. The Lake 
Shore E. It. trom Cleveland to Sandusky, passes through the 
village. Pop. of t. 2, CSS. 

Eltsbl-kgh, p. v., Northmnberland co., Pom. ,• 54 m. N. 
Harrisburg. 

Elystan FiELbs, p. o., Harrison co., Tex. : 270 m. N. E. 
Austin City. 

EL\sit'M, p. v., M'Henry co.. III. : on the S. side of Boon 
cr. of Fox r, IS2 m. N. N. E. Springfield. 

ELTsriLLE, p. v.. Itoward co., Md. : on the Patapsco r., 
and on the line of the Baltimore and Ohio K. R., 21 m. W. 
Baltimore, and 40 ni. N. W. Annapolis. It contains 1 cot- 
ton and 1 oakum factory, 1 church. 1 school, and lOG inhab- 
itants. The houses are built of brick and stone. The vicin- 
ity is thickly settled, and in a highly flourishing condition, 
both as respects its manufixcturing and agricullnral interests. 
The lands are fertile, and afford a considerable quantity of 
produce for market. 

Eltto?^, p, v., and cap. Jefferson co., .4^^. .• at the head 
of Catooehee or Valley cr.. SI m. N. N. W. Monlgomery. 
It contains a court-bouse and the co, jail and olBces, and 
about 150 inhabitants. The country is elevated, and the 
lands famous for their fine cotton. 

Emanuel county, Ga. Situate toward E. centrally, and 
contains 1,100 s*]. ra. t)rained by Cannouchee r. and other 
affluents, of the Ogeechee, and by several head streams of 
Great Ohoopee r. of the Alatamaha. Surface level, and 
soils, except in the valleys, sandy and of indifferent fertihty. 
Farms 511; raanuf. 0; dwell. 605, and pop.— wh. 8,591, fr. 
col. 24. si. 962— total 4,577. Capital : Swainsboro'. 

Emaus, p. v., Lehigh co., Penn. : 76 m. E. N. E. ITarris- 
burg. This is a Moravian village, at the foot of South 
Mountain, and is built in one street. It contains about 40 
dwellings. The site was bequeathed by two brethren for 
Uie support and promotion of missions. 

Emaus, p. 0., Bedford county, Virg.: 123 m. "W. by S. 
Richmond. 

E-MnATtP.AS PorNT,p. o.,Edgarco., ///. ; at the head of the 
E. fork of Embarras r., 93 m. E. by S. Springfield. 

Embdes, t. and p. v., Somerset co., Me. : 54 m. N. N. W. 
Augusta. Drained by several affluents of Kennebec r., 
which makes its E. border. The v. is located in the N. E. 
part ofthe town. Pop. oft 971. 

Embden Centre, p. o., Somerset co., 2fe. : 57 m. N. N.W. 
Augusta. 

Embrebville, p.v., Chester co., Penn.: 71 m. E. by S. 
Harrisburg. 

E.MERALD GeOVE, p. 0., lyOCk CO., WlSO. .' SS DQ. S. S. E. 

Madison. 

EMEr_soN'R Tan-Yard, p. o., Chatham county, 2^. Oar. : 
47 ro. "W. Raleigh. 

Emeuy, p.v., Fulton co., Ohio: 128 m. N. N.W. Columbus. 

Emery's Mills, p. o., York co., 3fe.: on the S. branch 
of Mousam r., about 3 m. below the pond from which the 
elream has its rise, and S2 m. S. W. Augusta 
202 



Emigsville, p. v., York county, Peini. ; 87 m. S. by E. 
Harrisburg. 

Eminence, p. v., Logan co.. III. : in the N. E. part ofthe 
CO., S. of Sugar cr. of Salt cr., an affluent of the Sangamon, 
37 ra. N. N. E. Springfield. 

Eminence, p. v., Henr>' co.. Ay. .* 23 m. N-TV. Frankfort 

Eminence, p. o., Schoharie co., 2^. Y. 

Eminence, p. v., and cap. Shannon eo., 3Io. : on the left 
bank of Current r., 9S m. S. S. E. Jefferson City. It con- 
tains a court-house, etc.. and about 120 inhabitants. 

Emlenton, p. v., Venango co., Pentu : 16S m. W. N. W. 
Harrisburg. 

Emma, p. v., "VS'Iiite co., III. : on the E. of Little "Wabash 
r., US m. S. E. Springfield. 

Em-met, p. 0., Lake co., III. ; between Des Plaines r. and 
Lake Michigan, S ra. S. by W. Waukegan, and 1S9 m. 
N. E. by N. Springfieid. 

Emmett county, la. Situate N. W., and contains 432 
sq. ni. Taken from Pottowattorace in 1S51. 

Emmett county, Mich. Situate N.W.exlremity of Lower 
Peninsula, and contains 144 sq. m. A new co. since 1S59. 

E.mmett, t and p. o.. Calhoun co., Mich. : 43 ra. S. W 
Lansing. Drained by Kalamazoo r. and its tributaries. The 
Michigan Central R. R. passes through the t about 118 m. 
from Detroit. Pop. 1,5S2. 

Emmett, t and p. v., Dodge CO., Wise. : 36 m. E. N. E. 
Madison. Pop. 1,207. 

Emmettsville, p. v., Randolph co., Ind. : on the N. side 
of and about a mile from Mississinewa r., 64 m. N. E. by E. 
Indianapolis. 

Emmitt. p. v.,Wilkin8on co., Ga. : on the S. fork of Com- 
missioner's cr., an affluent of Oconee r., 15 m. S. Milledge- 
ville. The Central R. E. passes througli the v., 152 m. from 
Savannah. 

EMMiTTSifCBGn, p. v., Frederick co., Md. : on the "W. side 
of Flat r., a tributary of Tom's cr., and extending back 
almost to that stream, 73 m. N. W. Annapolis. It has 5 
churches, several stores, and S12 inhabitants. In the vicin- 
ity the Roman Catholics have several celebrated religions 
and educational institutions. Mount St. Mary's College, 2 
m. distant, is one of the best schools in the Union ; it was 
founded in 1S30, and had in 1S50 a president, 24 professors 
and instructors, 137 alumni, and 126 students. Hs library 
contains about 4,000 volumes. Mount St. Mary's Theolog- 
ical Seminary had a superior, and 3 professors, and 24 
students. St. Joseph's Academy, about half a mile from the 
v., is a female institution, conduced by the Sisters of Chari- 
ty ; and near here is the Congregation of the Missions, from 
which so many sisters have been sent into the world to alio- 
viate human suffering. Besides these there is SL Philome* 
na's Asylum, attached to the Congregation of Missions for 
the Education of Orphan Girls, and served by four sblers; 
a Free School for girls, and other charities. 

Emoey, p. v., Washington co., Virg. : 264 m. W. S. "W. 
Richmond. 

Emory, p. v., Holmes co.. Miss, : 56 m. N. by E. Jackson. 

Emory Iron "Works, p. o., Roan co, Tenti.: on Emory's 
r., a branch of Clinch r., 126 m. E. by S. Nashville. 

Empire, p. c, Whitesidea co., ///.; 133 m. N. by "W 
Springfield. 

Empire City, p. v., Tuolumne co., Calif.: on the S. side 
of Tuolumne r., S>in. S. E. Yallejo. 

E.mpire Iron Works, p. o., Trigg co., Ky. : 197 m.S.W. 
Frankfort. 

Esnr.R, p. o., "Will CO.. III. : 140 m. X. E. Springfield. 

Energy, p. o., Clark co., Miss.: 9S m. E. by S. JacksoiL 

Enfield, t. and p. v., Hartford co.. Con/i. : 16 m. N. by E. 
Hartford. Situate on the E. side of Connecticut r.. over which 
is a bridge connecting it with Suffield, and also one in the 
S. part of the t, over which the New Haven. Hartford, and 
Springfield R. R. passes from Windsor Locks to Warehouse 
Point This railroad skirts the r. through the t., passing 
through Thompsonville. Scitico and Hazardville are other 



ENF 



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Tillages in Enfield. ThompsnnYiUe is noted for iU extensive 
carpet factories, and Hazardville for ita powder mills. Pop. 
Of town i,-ii'j\\ 

Enfield, t. and p. o., Penobscot co., 3fe. : 92 m. N. E. 
Augusta. The v. is located on the E. side of Penobscot r., 
which forms the "W. border of the town. A large pond lies 
on the E. border. Pop. 392. 

Eki'ield, t. and p. v., Hampshire co., Mass. : 66 m. W. 
Boston. Drained by two branches of Swift r., a tributary 
of Chieopoc r., whicli .afford water-power. Surface diver- 
sified. Soil adapted best to grasses. There aro considerable 
manufiicTures in the town, consisting of cotton and woolen 
goods, b";)0l9. shoes, etc. Pop. 1,936. 

ExFiELD, p. v., Halifax co., ^V". Cnr. : on the line of the 
Wilmington and AVeldon E. K., 66 m. N. E. Paleigh. It is 
& place of considerable business, and has 4ui) inhabitants. 

Entield, t. and p. v., Graflon co., N. ILtmp. : 36 m. N.W. 
Concord. Surface pleasantly diversifled, and soil of average 
fertility. It contains several considerable ponds, the outlets 
of which afford water-power./ The v. lies at the S. end of 
Mascoma Pond, and there is a Shaker's village and settle- 
ment on the "W. side of the same, which is characterized by 
the neatness and economy so usual with these sectarians. 
The settlement embraces about 1,000 acres of land in a high 
6tate of cultivation. In the N. part of the t. is Enfield Sta- 
tion, on the hue of the Northern P. P., which here crosses 
Jthe t 59 m. from Concord. Pop. 1.7-J2. 

Enfield, t. and p. v., Tompkins county, K. Y. : 1-t.i m. 
TV. by S. Albany. Drained by creeks of Cayuga inlet. 
Which afford water-power. Surface undulating; soil grav- 
elly loam. The v. contains about 30 dwellings. The t. is 
chiefly agricultural, and contains 2,117 inhabitants. 

Enfield, p. v., King William co., Virg.: 24 m. N. E, 
Blcbmond. 

. Enfield Centp.e,p. v., Tompkins county, 2^. TI .■ 145 m. 
W. by S. Albany. 

Engellville, p. v., Schoharie county, K. Y. : C7 m. "W. 
Albany. 

English NEiGnsoBnooD, p. v., Bergen co., JVi Jer. : 62 m. 
N. E. Trenton. It contains 2 churches and about 40 dwell- 
ings. The distance from New York City is about S miles. 

Ekglish Prairie, p. o., M'Uenry co.. III. : on the N. E. 
comer of the co.,193 m. N. N. E. Springfield. 

English Settlement, p. v., Marion county, la. : on 
English cr., an affluent of Des Moines r., 103 m. \Y. S. W. 
Iowa City. 

Englishtown, p. v.,Monmonth co., N.Jer.: on Matcha- 
ponix cr., 27 m, E. Trenton. It contains several stores, 
about 40 dwellings, and ISO inhabitants. The country in 
Che vicinity has a light and sandy soil. 

Ennisville, p. v., Huntingdon co., Penn. : on Standing 
Stone cr., 63 m. "W. by N. Ilarrisburg. 

Enoch, t. and p. o.. Noble county, Ohio : S4 ra. E. by S. 
Colund'us. Drained by Duck cr. Surface varied, and soil 
generally fertile, well adapted to grain. Pop. 1,43S. 

Enoe Mills, p. o., Orange co., jV". Car. : on Enoc r., an 
affluent of the Neuse, 31 m. N. N. W. Raleigh. 

Enon, p. o., Bureau co., lU.: 113 m. N. Springfield. 

Enon, p. v., Macon co., Ala, : 31 m. E. Montgomerj-. 

Enon, p. o., Clark co., Ohio: 47 m. V^. Columbus. P. 204. 

Enon Grove, p. c, Heard co., G(u: 114 m. W. by N. 
Milled gevi lie. 

Enon Valley, p. o., Lawrence co., Penn. : 1S9 m.W. N."W. 
Ilarrisburg. 

Enohee, p. v., Spartanburgh dist., S. Cat: : on Enoree r.. 
n affluent of Broad r., 66 m. N. Vi. by N. Columbia. 

ENOBDrp.Gii, p. v., Franklin co., Ven/i. : 44 m. N. by "W. 
Jlontpelier. Drained by tributaries of Missisqui r.. which 
flows through the N. part of the t., and affords good water- 
power. Surface varied, and soil best adapted to grasses. 
The v. lies about the centre, and contains 22 dwellings. 

ENosBiT.cn Fali-8, p. o., Franklin co., Vei-m. : 47 m. 
N. by "W. Montpelier. 



Entehprise, p. 0.. Orange co.. Plor. r on the N. side of a 
lake or expansion of St. John's r., 226 m. S. E. Tallahassee. 
Lat 2SO 49' N., and long. Sio 12' W. 

Enteki'Rise, p. o., Wayno co., lU. .- on the E. side of Elm 
cr. of Little Wabash r., 112 m. S. E. Springfi-Id. 

Enterpeise, p. 0., Shiawassee co., Mich. : 27 ni. N. E. 
Lansing. 

Enterprisf., p. v., M'Donald co., Mo. : on a branch of Elk 
r. of the Neosho, 182 m. S. W. Jefferson City. 

ENTE11PRI6E, p. 0., Lancaster co., Penn.: 42 m. E. S. E. 
Harrisburg. 

Enterprise, p. v., Clark co., 3/?^s. ; on Chankey cr. of 
Chickasawa r., 92 m. E. by S. Jackson. 

Enterprise, p. v., Preble county, Ohio: 89 m. TV. by S. 
Columbus. 
EoLiA, p. o., Dane co., TT/sc. .* 22 m. N. E. Madison. 
Epuratau, t. and p. v., Fulton co., S. Y. : 46 ni-W. N.T^. 
Albany. Drained by Garoga and Zimaierman's creeks, 
affluents of Ml. liawk r. The surface is uneven: soil, sandy 
loam. The v. is located on the right bank of Garoga cr.. and 
contains about 200 inhabitants. The L has considerable 
water-power, and several factories and mills. Pop. 2,0S0. 

Epuratau, t. and p. v., Lancaster county, Penn. : S3 m. 
E. by S. Harrisburg. The v. was founded by a singular sect 
from Germany, the Tunkers or Dunkers. Most of the 
original peculiarities of the sect have disappeared, but they 
still live remarkable for the regularity of their lives, the 
simplicity of their manners, and the fervor of (heir dcvolinn. 
Contention at law or with arms they regard as unchristian. 
Pop. about 1,979. 

Epplng, t. and p. v., Eockinghara co., iV. Hump. : 27 m. 
E. S. E. Concord. Drained by Lamprey r., which affords 
good water-power. Surface level, and soil generally of an 
average fertility. The v. is located on the Portsmouth and 
Concord R. R., 19 m. from Portsmouth, and SO m. from 
Concord. The t. has several tanneries, mills, etc., and 1,433 
inhabitants. Pop. 1,663. 

Epsom, t. and p. o., Merrimac co., N". JIamjy.: 11 ni. 
E. by S. Concord. Drained by Suneook r. and its tributa- 
ries. Surface uneven ; soils suitable for grass or grain. The 
v. lies on a creek of Suneook Eiver. Pop. 1.30o. 

Equality, p. v., and cap. Gallatin CO..J/L: on the N. 
side of the S. furk of Saline cr., an affluent of the Ohio r..lu9 
m. S. E. by S. Springfield. It contains a neat brick court- 
house and other co. offices, several mechanic shops, stores, 
etc., and about 120 dwellings. In the neighborhood Uicre 
are salt-works. Pop. 794. 

Equality, p. v., Coosa connty, Ala. : 32 m. N. by E. 
Montgomery. 

Equality, p. v., Anderson dist., S. Car. : 119 m.'W. N.TV. 
Columbia. 
Equator, p. o., Lee co., ///. ; 136 m. N. by E. Springfield. 
Equinunk, sta., Delaware co., K Y. ; on the E. bank of 
Delaware r., and on the line of the New York and Erie 
P. P., \0S m. from New York City. At present it contains 
little more than the railroad buildings and oflicca, and a 
hotel, but it has many advantages that the future may- 
develop. 

Equinunk, p. v., Wayne co., Pe7in. : on the "W. side of 
Delaware r.. I'O m. N. E. Harrisburg. It has several mills, 
and in the neighborhood are a large number of tanneries. 
Erasmus, p. o., Lincf»ln co., A\ Car.: 146 m. W. by S. 
Paleigh. 

Ercildown, p. o., Chester county, Penn. : 73 m. E. by S. 
Harrisburg. 

Erie county, -V. Y. Situate W., and contains S76 sq. m. 
Surface generally level or undulating, except in the S., 
where it is somewhat hilly. Niagara r. and Lake Erie form 
its TV. border, and Cattaraugus County makes its S. line. 
Drained by Buffalo, Ca\-uga, Cazenovia, Seneca, Elljcoti's, 
Cauquaga. and Tonowanda creeks. Farms 4,S?0; nifinuf. 
6SS ; dwell. 17,104, and pop.— wh. 100.214. and t>. eol. 779— 
total 100,993. Capital : Buffalo. PulUc Works : Eria 



ERI 



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Canal; Buffalo and Rocbcster 11. K. ; liuffiilo and Niagara 
Falls R. 11. : Buffalo and Slato Line K. 11. ; Buffalo and Now 
York tity It. 11. ; Buffiilo and Braulford li. K. ; Buffalo, 
Corning, and New York II. li., etc., and numerous plank 
roads. 

Krie county, Ohio. Situate N. on Lnke Erie, find con- 
tains 324 sq. m. Drained I)y Huron and Vermillion rivers, 
and Pipe cr., the latter emptying into i?andusky Bay, and 
Ihe two iirst into the lake. S-irface generally level, and 
soils fertile. A large commerce centres in this co. Farms 
1,021; manuf. 73; dweU. 3,362, and pop.— wh. 1S,366, and 
fr.col. 202— total 1S,5GS. Capital: Sandusky City. Public 
Works: Lake Shore li. E. ; Sandusky and Toledo E. E. ; 
Mad Eiver and Lake Erie E, K. ; Mansfield and Sandusky 
E. E., etc. 

Erie county, Penn. Situate in the N. W. comer of the 
Stale, lacing on Lake Erie, and contains 720 sq. m. Drained 
ty Conneaut, Elk, Walnut, and other creeks flowing into 
the Lake, and French cr. of the Allegliany r. Surface un- 
dulating ; soils various, consisting of sandy loam, gravel, and 
day in different proportions, and well adajited \fi grass. 
Farms 3,3S4 ; manuf. 255 ; dwell. C,S25, and pop.— wh. 
88,593, fr. col. 149— total 8?,T42. CapUM: Erie. PuUUi 
Worka: Erie and North-East E. R. ; Cleveland, Rainea- 
vUIc, and Ashtabula R. E. ; and Sunbury and Erie R. R.; 
also Beaver and Erie Canal. The two first of these form 
links in the great chain of railroads CvU-n lin^' along the 
southern shore of Lake Erie. 

Erie, p. v., Whitesides co., JV. : on the N. side of Rock 
r., 122 m. N. by W. Springfield. 

Erie, p. c, Eoaa eounty, Term,: 129 in. E. by S. 
Nashville. 

Erie, t, and p. v., Monroe co., Jlfioh. : 84 m. S. E. Lansing. 
Drained by Vance r. and Bay cr. The town is the soulh- 
easternmost in the State, and includes North Cape and sev- 
eral islands. It contains a good stone quarry. Pop. 1,144. 

Erie, p. v., and cap. Camden co.. Mo. : on the S. side of 
Osage r., between the Little Niangua and Grand Au Glaize 
rivers, 45 m. S. W. Jefferson City. It contains a court- 
house, a jail, etc., and has a considerable river trade. 

Ekii:, p. b.. port of entry, and cap. Erie co., Penn. : on 
Presque Isle Bay of Lake Erie, 213 m. N. V,'. by W. llar- 
risburg. Lat. 42^ 10' N., and long. 50° OS' W. The borough 
extends along the bay for 3 m., and from it 1 m. The harbor 
of Erie is one of the best and safest on the Lake, with S or 
10 feet of water on the bar. and the depth within it averages 
20 feet. In extent it is about 6 sq. ra. The borough eon- 
tains the CO. court-house, a jail, and other offices, churches 
of all denominations, schools and academies, a bank, nume- 
rous wholesale stores, commission and forwanling houses, 
and lumber yards; also foundries, mechanic shops, and 
manufacturing establishments of various kinds. Its pop. in 
1840 was 3,412 ; in 1S50 it contained 5,8o0 ; and in 1S52, by 
estimate, S,500. At the first period it had few facilities of 
internal communication— at the las^ the line of railroads 
from Buffalo was completed, and also the lino to Cleveland, 
thus extending its commercial highways to tlie extreme 
"West and East of the Union. As yet, however, tlio pros- 
perity of the borough is only in its first grade of develop- 
ment. Its harbor is being improved ; Ihe line of canal from 
Pittsburg is progressing to completion ; a railroad is being 
built to connect it with the Erie R. R. and New York City ; 
another from Erie, via Sunbury to Philadelphia, in Penn- 
sylvania; and still another to Pittsburg. These lines of 
travel and transportation will place it on a par with Buffalo, 
Dunkirk, Cleveland, Sandusky, etc.. and make it, in a com- 
mercial point of view, one of the most important ports of 
Lake Erie. The lake commerce centering at this port is as 
yet comparatively small, and the shipping owned by the 
inhabitants in 1650 was only 7,870 tons, of which 5,350 tons 
were navigated by steam-power. Favoring circumstances 
now compel the fortunes of Ihe place, and its rise will be 
rapid; and it is not improbable that when the census 
204 



enumeration of 1S60 is taken, that Erie will count a popula- 
tion of nearly 20,000 inhabilants. The newspaper press of 
Erie consists of a tri-wcekly paper and 4 weekly papers : tha 
tri-wcekly is the " Erie Observer" (dem.), of which also is 
issued a weekly edition; the "E. Chronicle'' (whig), tb« 
"E. Gazette" (whig), and the "Commercial Advertiser* 
(whig). Erie has long been a port, the position and local 
advantages of which were appreciated by the lake naviga^ 
tor, and it has as long been a harbor of refuge to the national 
vessels in war or storm. It was here that Perry, in the last 
■war with Great Britain, fitted up his fleet; and in case of 
war again ensuing, no port on the lake has the same ad- 
vantages for defense and safe harbor, Presque Isle being a 
natural breast-work, easily defended against the enemy. 

Erie, lake: one of the five great hikes of North America, 
between the United States and Canada. It lies between 
41° 22' and 42^ 52' N. lat., and between 78° 55' and 53° 23* 
W. long., and has the Slates of Ohio, Pennsylvania, and 
New York on the S. and S. E. borders, and the fertile 
peninsula of Upper Canada on the N. Its shape is ellii>- 
tical— its length 265 m., and its breadth from 10 to 63 m. It 
receives at its W. end, through the Detroit or strait, Iha 
discharge of water from the great upper lakes, and dis*- 
chargea ita own waters through Niagara r., celebrated for its 
stupendous wat<'r-falls. Its surface is elevated 665 feet 
abovo tide water at Albany, 52 feet below lakes Huron and 
Michigan, and 322 feet above the level of Lake Ontario. lis 
waters are shallower than those of the other great lakes; 
Ihe greatest depth that has been obtained by sounding is 
270 feet, but its mean depth is not more than 120 feeL It 
receives from Canada but a few small streams, the principal 
of which is the Ouse, near its E. extremity. From Michigan 
it receives the Huron and Raisin ; from Ohio, the Maumoe 
Portage, Sandusky, Vermillion, Black, Cuyahoga, Grand, 
Ashtabula, and Conneaut; from Pennsylvania, the Elk and 
other streams ; and from New York, the Cattaraugus and 
Buffalo creeks. The rivers of Lake Erie have bars at their 
mouths, rarely affording more than 8 feet water. A little 
N. W. of Sandusky Bay is a group of isJands called Nortli, 
Middle, and South Bass islands. In the N. part of South 
Bass Island is Put-in-Bay, which has 12 feet water, and 
affords one of the best harbors on the lake, and is easily ao 
cessible. Into this harbor Commodore Perry brought his 
prizes afier the battle of the 10th Sept., 1S13. The best har- 
bors on the south shore, are the harbor of Sandusky, Ohio; 
Erie, Penn.; and Buffalo and Black Rock, A'. York. Port 
Maitland, at the mouth of Grand or Ouse r., forms the beat 
and almost the only harbor on the Canada shore. Grand 
r., after a course of 100 miles, enters Lake Erie 40 m. direoUy 
W. of its outlet. In consequence of its shallowness, a part 
of the lake is frozen over in wint^;r, and navigation is for 
several months suspended. The importance of this lake for 
the purposes of commerce has been greatly increased by 
the canals and railroads, connecting its jiorts with the inte- 
rior and the sea-board. The canals are the "Welland. the 
Erie, the Ohio, the Miami, and the Wabash and Erie 
canals; and the principal railroads are — the line of raiU 
roads from Buffiilo to Albany; the New York and Erie 
E. E.. from Dunkirk to New York City; the Sunbury and 
Erie R. R., from Erie to Sunbury and Philadelphia; the 
Cleveland and Pittsburg E. E. ; the Cleveland, Columbus, 
and Cincinnati R. R. ; the line of railroads from Sandusky 
to Cincinnati ; and the Southern Michigan R. R., from 
Toledo and Monroe to Chicago, etc.; and besides these, 
there is a continuous line of railroad from Niagara Fall^ 
through Buffalo, Dunkirk, Erie. Cleveland, Sandusky, To 
ledo, etc., skirting the southern line of the lake from on* 
end to the other, and connecting with the lines directing 
inland from these several ports. The business which is 
done on this lake by the aid of these channels is im- 
mense, and is constantly increasing. The following was 
the tunnage of the Bcveral collection districts on Lake Erlo 
at two periods: 



ERI 



ESS 



1840. lS.'>i"t. Iiic'e in lOy'p. 

Buffiilo 4,916 80,679 .. .^ .... 34.T(J3 

Presquclsle 3,860 T,STO 4,510 

Cuynhoga 9,514 85,315 25,801 

Bandueky 2,643 7,328 4,6S5 

Miami 2,232 2,629 397 

Detroit 11,4^32 36.^93 25.46 1 

Total S4;09T 129,714 95,617 

Thia, in 1840, included more than 300 vessels, and in1S50 
more than 1,100, consisting; or ships, brigs, schooners, sloops, 
steamboats, and propellers. Of the vessels moved by steam- 
power, the number is great, and many of tliem ofthe largest 
class, little inferior to those navigating the Iludsun River. 
In 1S50, the tonnage of this description of vessels amounted 
to5S,199 tons, nearly one half the aggregate American ton- 
nage on the lake. Tliis enumeration does not include the 
tonnage of Canadian ports on tlie lake, wliich. however, is 
not large. The value ofthe commerce on this lake alone is 
roueh larger than that of the foreign commerce of Uie whole 
United Slates. 

Ekieville, p. v., Sladison co, K. Y. : 102 ra. W. Albany. 
Pop. about 200. 

Erin. p. v., Merriwellipr co.. Ga. : on the N. line of Iho 
cjonnty. and about 6 ru. W. of Flint r., 78 ni. W. by N. 
Millcdgcville. 

EniN, p. o., M'Henr)" eo,, I?l. : 2 m. N. of Woodstock, and 
ISl N. N. E. Springfield. 

EniN, t. and p. o.. Chemung co., X. Y. : 14S ni. "W. S. W. 
Albany. Drained byCayuta cr. Surface hilly ami broken, 
and sfiil gravelly loam of moderale fertility. It is almost 
entirely an agricuKural town. Vo]<. 1,813. 

Ei;iN, p. v., Cliit'kasaw county, Mls^i. : 123 m. N. N. E. 
Jackson. 

Erin. p. o., Jasper co., Ttv. : on tlie E. side of X^chcs r., 
238 m. E. Austin City. The Jasper and Beaumont Iload 
Intersects the place about 14 m. above the S. line of the co. 

Ekix Shades, p. o., Ilcurieo co., Virg. 

Erroll, t. and p. o., Coos co.. iV. Hanip. : 10^ ni. N. by E. 
Concord. Drained by Androscoggin r. and its trilnitarie.s. 
On the E. lies Lake Umbagog, which forms its liouudary in 
that diredion. The t. is entirely devoted to agriculture, and 
is icrj- sparsely settled. Pop;i38. 

Ervisg, t. and p. v., Franklin co., Jfass.: on the E. side 
of Connecticut r., 75 m. W. by X. Boston. Drained chiefly 
by Miller's r. Surface diversified with fino meadows on the 
Connecticut. Its streams afford fine water-pnwer, and it 
bas considerable manufactures. The Vermont and Massa- 
chusetts li. R. traverses the t. on the S. and "W. borders, fol- 
lowing the valleys ofthe rivers. Pop. 449. 

Erwinsa. p. v., Bucks co., P^nn. : on the richt bank 
of Delaware Uiver, 37 m. N. Philadelphia, and 113 m. E. 
Ilarrisburg. 

Erwinsvili.r, p. v., Cleveland county, JV: Car, : 162 m. 
TV. S. W. Raleigh. 

EnwiNTON, p. v.. Barnwell dist., S. Car. : on the X. side 
of Briar or., an affluent of Savannah r., T3 m. S. S. W. 
Columbia. 

EsPAMitrA county, FInr. Situate in the extreme W.. and 
oonlairis 570 pq. m. Escambia r. and Pensacola Bay bound 
it on the E., and the Cnlf of Mexico on the S., while the 
Perdidn r. makes its W. line. Surface low and level near 
tiiesc-fl. but rises to some height in the interior; it is drained 
by mimertius tributitries of the border rivers. Soil generally 
po(jr. and covered with pines. Farms:i4; manuf. 9; dwell. 
563, and pop.— wh. 2.644, fr. eol. 875. si. 1,332— total 4 351. 
Capita/: Pcnsacola. PnhlicWnrls: Fort Gaines .^nd IVn- 
flacola R. R. ; Montgomery and Pcnsacola R. R. ; Bruns- 
wick and Florida R. R., etc. (all projected). 

EscAMRiA river, Ala. and Fhr. : rises in Monroe co., 
Alabama, and flows S. E. into Florida, where near the State 
line it unites with the Conecuh, a larger river than itself, 
and thence flows S. into an arm of Pensaeola Bay. From 
Iho junction this stream is properly the Conecuh. 



EscoHEAG, p. v., Kent co., 7?. T. 

EscuLApiA Speixgs, p* V., Lcwis CO., Ky. : 92 m. E. by N. 
Frankfort. 

Esmond's Coeneks, p. o., Calhoun co., M/c?i. : 53 m. S.W. 
Lansing. 

EsoM Hill, p. o., Paulding co., Ga.: US m. N. N. W 
Milledgoville. 

Esoi'us, t and p. v., Ulster co., 2f. Y. : 57 m. S. by "W, 
Albany. It has the Hudson r. on the E. and R(mdout cr. 
on the N.W. side. Surface uneven and broken ; soil, sandy 
clay and gravelly loam. The v. is located about 2 m. W. 
of the landing on the Hudson, and contains about 30 (hvell* 
ings. Pop. oft. 2,872. 

EsrERASCE, t. and p. v., Schoharie co., JV! Y. : SO m. W. 
Albany. Drained by creeks of Schoharie r., which bounds 
it on the E., and affords considerable water-power. The v. 
is located near the N, E. corner of the co. on tlie right bank 
ofthe river, and contains about 300 inhab. Pop. oft. 1,4-S. ' 

Esi'Y, p. v., Columbia co., Penn.: on the right bank of 
Susquehanna r., 62 m. N. by E. Ilarrisburg. Pop. about 2^0. 

Espyville, p. v., Crawford co., Penn.: 19S m. N. "VV. 
Ilarrisburg. 

Essex county, Masss. Situate N. E., and contains 365 
sq. m. The Atlantic Ocean washes its E. line, and New 
Hampshire lies on its N. border. Drained by the Merrimac 
and Shawsheen rivers. Surface uneven and rough, but the 
soil in many parts good, and always well cultivated. It has 
an extensive coa.st, good harbors, an active commerce and 
fishing interest, and great wealtti, and in manufactures is 
one of the most productive in the State. Farms 2.S10; 
manuf. 1,53S; dwell. 18,878, and pop. — wh. l.Sil.6S2, Ir. eol. 
61S— total 131,300. , Copitah: Ipswich, Newburyport. aiui 
Salem. Pitbllc Worka : Boston and Maine R. R. ; I-'.asteru 
R. R. ; Newburyport R. R. ; Salem and Lawrence 1'. R., etc. 

Essex county, JV. Jer. Situate toward the N. E., and 
contains 241 sq. m. Drained by tributaries of the Passaic 
r., by the Rahway r., and some others. Two chains of hills 
pass through it, and make its surface uneven and rough; 
'soils generally red shale. It has immense hydraulic power 
and extensive manufactures. Farms 1,745; manuf. s.36 ; 
dwell. 10.964, and pop.— wh.71,7S3, fr. col. 2,161, and si. G— 
total 73,950. r(i7>?V-//: Newark. Pnhlic TI'(?/7.'« .• Morris 
Canal ; Morris and Essex R. R.; New Jersey R. R.. etc. 

Essex county, K Y, Situate N. E., and contains 1.779 
sq. m. Surface hilly in the E., and mountainous in the AV. 
Mount Marcy. the highest culmination, rises to the height 
of 5,467 feet above the level of the sea. Lake Champhiiu 
lies on its E. border, along which is some good land. It is 
one of the richest mining counties of the State, abounding 
in iron ores, copper, manganese, etc. Farms 1.S72 ; manuf. 
199; dwell. 5,321, and pop.— wh. 31,098, and fr. col. 50— 
total 81,148. CapiUd : Elizabethtown. Puhlic Works: 
Platlsburg and "Whitehall R. R. (projected), etc. 

Essex county, Verm. Situate N. E. in the corner of the 
State, and contains 226 sq. m. Drained by streams of the 
Connecticut, St. Lawrence, and Lake Mcmphremagog. 
The Connecticut makes it.s E. line. Surface rough : soils 
generally poor, except in the river valleys. The county 
abounds in fine timber. Potatoes and oats are the eliicf 
products. Farms 602 ; manuf. 32 ; dwell, S46, and pop.— 
wh. 4.647, fr. col. 3— total 4,650. Cajpital : Guild Hall. 
PuUic Works : Atlantic and St. Lawrence U. R., etc. 

Essex county. Virg. Situate E., and contains 280 sq. m. 
Drained by tributaries ofthe Rappahannock r., which makes 
its N. E. border. Surface somewhat uneven: soil, except 
on the streams, sandy, and not of average fertility. Ha 
products are the grains, with some cotton and tobacco. 
Farms 3'3s ; manuf. 1 7 ; dwell. 725. and pop.— wh. 3 "25. fr. 
eol. 419, si. 6.762— total 1().206. CopiUil: Tappahann-n-k. 
Essex, p. b., Aliddle^ex co.. Conn.: on the '^'. side of 
Connecticut r., 7 m. from its mouth, and 31 m. S. S. E. 
Hartr<»rd. it is eng.Tged in ship-building, and has a con- 
siderable coasting trade. Pop. aboui 1,000. 

205 



ESS 



EVA 



Essex, t. and p. v., Essex co., Mass.: 27 m. N. E. Boston. 
Drained by Chebacco r. and otber streams emptying into 
Squam Bay. The village lies near the centre of the town, 
a,nd lias about 850 inhabitants. Many small vessels are 
built in Essex, and numbers arc employed in coasting and 
the ftsheriea. The manufactures of the town consist chiefly 
of boots and shoos, barrels, cordage, etc. Pop l.o&o. 

Essex, t. and p. c, Clinton co., Mich. : 23 m. K. by W. 
Lansing. Drained by creeks of Maple r., on which there 
are several salt-works. Pop. 410. 

Esses, I. and p. v., Essex co., N. Y. : 103 m. N. by E. 
Albany. Drained by Boquet and other creeks of Lake 
Cbauii)lain, which makes its E. border. The village is 
located on the lake shore, and has a good steamboat land- 
ing, etc. It is a place of considerable trade, with ware- 
li'-uses, stores, a ship-yard, and about 100 dwellings. The 
town is chiefly agricultural. Pop. t^.S-M. 

Essex, p. c, Fulton county, Ohio: 131 m. N. "W. by N. 
GoUimbus. 

Essex, t and p. v., Chittenden co., Verm. : 81 m-W. N.W. 
Monlpelier. Drained in the S. by Onion r., and in the N. 
by Brown's r., a branch of Lamoille r. It has also several 
smaller streams. At Hubbell's Falls, on Onion r., are ad- 
mimblo mill-sites, at which considerable manufacturing 
operations are carried on. Surface varied by hill and dale : 
poll in the S. and "W. sandy, and covered with pine — in 
other parts a sandy and clay loam, with hard wood, and 
fertile. Along Onion r. are some tracts of beautiful inter- 
vale. The village near the centre contains about 20 dwell- 
ings. In the S. AV. there is a new village, called Essex 
Junction, where the Burlington Branch diverges from the 
main line of the Vermont Central R. E. Pop. oft. 2,097. 

EsTELLixE FcTRXACE, p. o., Augusta CO., Ylrg. : IDS hl 
N. "W. rachmond. 

EsTELvuLE, p. T., Atlantic co., N'. Jer. : 51 m. S. by E. 
Trenton. 

Esull county, JTy. Situate E. centrally, and contains 46S 
gq. m. Drained by creeks of Kentucky r., which flows 
through it in a north-west direction. The surface is rough 
and well-wooded, and the soils produce the usual staples of 
the State abundantly. Coal and iron are also staples, and 
arc produced and worked successfully. Farms 604 ; manuf. 
2 ; dweU. 934, and pop.— wh. 5,563, ft. col. 6, sL 411— total 
5,965. Capittil: Irvine. 

Estill's Mills, p. o., Platte co., Mo. : 152 m. W. N. "W. 
Jefferson City. 

EsTiLLviLLE, p. v., and cjp. Scott CO., Virg. : on Mocassin 
cr. of the N. fork of Ilotston r., 202 m. W. S. W. Itiehraond. 
It contains a court-house and other co. ofl3ce3, and about 40 
dwellings. 

EniEEinGE, p. o., Jones co., Ga. : 23 m."W. Milled gcville. 

Etna, t. and p. v., Penobscot county, Me. : 49 m. N. E. 
Augusta. Drained by a branch of Sebasticook r. Surface 
diversified : soil of average fertility, producing excellent 
wheat. The village hes on the hnc of the Kennebec and 
Penobscot B. R. Pop. oft. S02. 

Etna, p. c, Lapeer co., Mich. : 66 ra. E. N. E. Lansing. 

Etna, p. v., Tompkins county. A''. }'. ; on the right bank 
of Fall cr., 131 m. "VT. by S. Albany. It has about 250 in- 
habitants. 

Etna, t. and p. v.. Licking co., Ohio: 16 m.E. Columbus, 
Drained by S. fork, of Licking r. The vilbgo is located on 
the National Road. Pop. of t.1,307. 

Etna. p. o., Hanover co., Virff. 

Etna Centre, p. o., Penobscot CO., Ma. : 47 ra. N. E. 
Augusta. 

Etowah, p. o., Cass co., Ga. : on Etowah r.,a oonstilueut 
of the Coosa, 1-23 m. N. TT. Milledgeville. 

Etowah river, Ga.: one of tlie main constihients of 
Coosa r. It rises in Franklm co., and sweeps southerly 
through Cherokee and Cass counties, and into Floyd co., 
where it unites with the Ooslanaula r., forming together the 
Coosa, a river of Alabama. 
206 



Ettees, p. o., York co., Penn. 

EuBANKs, p. o., Columbia county, Ga. : 69 m. E. N. 1^ 
MilledgevilR. 

EccLiD, p. v., Onondaga co., i^T. T. : S. of the outlet of 
Oneida Lake, l'.i6 m.W. by N. Albany. 

Euclid, t. and p. v., Cuyahoga county, Ohio: 132 n^ 
N. E. by N. Columbus. Drained by creeks falling into 
Lake Erie, which washes its N. limits. Surface broken, 
and much of the soil of only average fertility. The village 
is located on the line of the Cleveland, Painesville, and 
Ashtabula li. R, Pop. oft. 1,447. 

Eltacla, p. v., Barbour co., Ala.: on the W. side of 
Chattahoochee r., at the mouth of Eutmla cr,, 73 m. E. S. E. 
Montgomery. 

Eugene, p. v., Vermillion co., Ind. : on the right bant 
of Big Vermillion r., about 3 in. above ltd confluence with 
"Wabash r., and 70 m. W. by N. Indianapolis. It has a 
town-hall and several stores, with a population numbering 
478 souls. 

EuHARLET, p. v., Cass county, G<i. : 12S m. N. VL 
Milledgeville. 

Eulogy, p. o., Ilolmea county, JUise. : 60 m. X. by E» 
Jackson. 

EupiiEMLi, p. 0., Preble county, Ohio: 92 m. "W'. by ^ 
Columbus. 

Eureka, p. v., Trinity co., Calif. : on the E. side of the 
N. division of Humboldt's Bay, ISO m. N. N. W. VaUejo. 

Eureka, p. v., Winnebago co., Wiec : 73 m. K. N. £^ 
Madison. 

Eureka Mells, p. o., Green co., Ohio: 53 m, "W. S. "W. 
Columbus. 

EuTAW, p. v., and cap. Green co., Ala.: about 3 m. "W. 
of Black Warrior r., and 96 m. W. N. W. Montgomery, It 
contains a court-house and about 30 dwellings, and is situate 
in the midst of a fine elevated cotton region. 
EuTAW, p. o., De Soto co., Miss. : 182 m N, Jackson. 
EuTAw Springs, Charleston disL, S. Car. : a small affile 
ent of Santee r.. on the borders of which was fought the 
famous battle of Eutaw Springs, 8th September, 17S1, bo 
tween the Americans, under General Greene, and the Brit*- 
ish, under General Stewart American loss, 555, and British 
loss, about 1,000. 

Eviss, t and p. v., Erie co., A^ Y. : 281 m. W. Albany. 
Drained by Little and Big Sisters' creeks, flowing into Lake 
Erie, which makes lis "W. border. Surface hilly : soil graved 
ly loam and clay, adapted to the growtli of grain and the 
grasses. The village is located on the lake, and has a good 
landing. Pop. of the town 2,1'>2. 

EvANSBiTiGit, p. b., Crawford county, Penn. : 203 nk 
N. W. by W. Uarrisburg, 

EvANSBunon, p. v., Coshocton co., Ohio: on the N. side 
of Tuscarawas r., and on the line of the Ohio Canal, 73 ta, 
E. N. E. Columbus. It has a fine commercial position, and 
contains several warehouses, stores, and about 120 dwell* 
ings. Pop. SOO. 

Ev.vNs* ?JiLLS, p. 0., Chatham co^ iK Car. .* 23 m. W. 
Raleigh. 

EvANspoRT, p. v., Defiance co., Ohio : on tlie "W. bant 
of Tiffin r., 123 m. N. W. Columbus. Pop. 165. 

EvANsviLLE, p. v., Rocfc couutv, UTsc .* 32 m. S, S. K 
Madison. 

EvANSviLLE, p. v.,Washington co., Arl\ : 14S m.W. N.'V^ 
LitUe Rock. 

EvANsviLLE, p. city, and cap.Vanderbni^h co,, Ind. : on 
the high N. bank of the Ohio r., 200 m. from its mouth, and 
144 m, S. S. W. Indianapobs. It is the 3. terminus of the 
Wabash and Erie Canal, and also of the Evansville and 
Illinois R. R.— two facts which m.ake it an important point 
at which a large commerce must necessarily concentrate; 
it is by far the largest town and the greatest depflt for prod- 
uce, merchandize, and travelers on the whole line of the 
Ohio r., betweon Louisville and ita mouth, a dislance of 400 
miles. In 1S50 the exports and imporU of the port amountfid 



EVA 



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to 17,000,000, and Ihe arrival and departures of steamboats 
to b,B9S. This was before the completion of the canal and 
railroad. It coiUaiiis Ihe courts and offices of the co., a 
branch of the State Bank, the U. S. Marine Iloepital, a mar- 
ket house, with numerous ehiirclies, hotels, warehouses, 
stores, etc., and about 3,<5GS inhabitants. The public press 
of the city consists of two daily, one tri-weekly, and three 
weekly newspapers, two of the weeklies being editions of 
Uie dailies. The dailies are the " E. Journal," and the " E. 
Eepubliean ;" the tri-wcckly, the " Auzeizhcr ;" and the 
wt-eklii-s, the " Vanderburg Democrat,"' etc, Tlie vast de- 
posits of coal on the line of the canal will make Evansville, 
its terminus, one of the best points for fuul on tlie western 
waters. 

Evansville, p. v., Jefferson co., JV, }' : on the left side 
of Indian r., 138 in. N. W. Albany. There are lar£;e mills 
at this place and vicinity. The projected Watertoivn and 
Potsdam R. li. will intersect it. 

Evansville, p. v., liandolph co., lU.: on the E. side of 
Kaskaskia Ilivcr, 1 ra. below Kine Mile cr., an<l 120 m. t?. 
Springfield. 

Evansville. p. v., Preston co., Vi}'(/. : between Cheat and 
Valley rivers, ISG m. N. "W. liichmond. 

EvsNiKo Shade, p. o., Lawrence county, Arl: : 123 m. 
N. N. E. Little liock. 

Everett's Si-kino, p. o., Floyd county, 0(i.:li2 m. 
N.'NV. by is'. Milledgeville. 

EvFCGKEEN, p. V., Couecuh CO., Ala.: on nn E. branch 
of Murder cr. of Conecuh r., 73 m. S. S. W. Montgomery. 
The hue of the Montgomery and Mobile ILL. Mill probably 
pass near or tln-ougti this place. 

EvERiTTSTowN, p. v., Jluntcrdon co., Ji. Jer. : 31 ni. 
K. by W. Trenton. 

EvcFarreviLLE, p. v., Wayne co., X Cur.: 49 m. S. E. 
Ealeigh. 

EvEETON, p. v., Fayetto county, Inch : 5S m. E. by S. 
Indianapolis. 

EwLNG, p. v., Hocking co., Ohio: 42 ra. S. E. Columbus. 

EwiNG, p. o., Franklin co., IfL: on Ewing's Fork of Big 
Muddy r., 13S m. S. S. E. Springfield. 

Ewing's, p. o,, Cumberland county, 2>^. Jer. : 59 m. S. 
Trenton. 

EwisGTox, p. v., and cap. Effingham co., ///. ; on the 
"W. side of Littl<^-\V abash r., 72 m. S. E. Springfield. The 
National Eoad passes through the village. It lias an ele- 
vated and pleasing site, and contains the co. offices, several 
stores, and about GO dwellings. 

EwiNGTON, p. v., Gallia co., 07iio: S9 m. S. E. Columbus. 

Exchange, p. o., Warren co., K Car.: 49 ni. N. N. E. 
Bakigh. 

EscnAXCEvrLLE, p. v., Mcrccf county, J^enn.: 196 m. 
W. N. W. Harrisbnrg. 

EiETER, p. v., Scott CO., III.: on the S.slde of Manvaise- 
terre cr. of Illinois r., 47 m. "W. by S. Springfield. It has 
several large mills and about 200 inhabitants. The site is 
one of the pleasantest in tiie State, and the surrounding 
vpunlT}' in a flourishing condition. 

ExETET, t. and p. v., Pt-nobscot co., 3[e. : 59 m. N. E. by N. 
Augusta. Drained in the N. and E. by Kenduskoag r., and 
in the S. by tributaries of the Sebasliconk. Surface diver- 
sified : soil fertile, and productive of excellent wheat. The 
village /ics a little N. of the centre of the town, and is a 
small agricultural settlement. Pop. l,S.'i3. 

Exeter, t., p. v., and cap. Rockingham co., 2^. TTamp. : 
'^2 m. E. S. E. Concord. Brained by tribntarics of Piscata- 
qna r. ; surface level, and soil various, but in general of 
average fertility. The village lies on Squamscot or Exeter 
r., at the falls, at the head of tide water. Here is much 
valuable water-power, and vessels of considerable tonnage 
can approach to the foot of the falls. It contains a court- 
house, a jail, and other co. buildings, several churches and 
schools, among which is Phillips' Academy, founded and 
-._t;ndowed by John Phillips, LLJ)., in 17S1, and al which 



many of the ablest jurors, statesmen, and literati of the Stato 
have received their early education. The town contains 
numerous manufacturing establishments, and h.is a newa- 
papcT, the ''Exeter News-Letter," published weekly. The 
Boston and Maine K. li. passes through the place 50 n^ 
from Boston. Pop. of town 8,329. 

The settlement of Exeter was commenced in 1G33 by 
John Wheelwright and his companions, who formed them- 
selves into a body politic, chose their own magistrates, and 
bound the people to obedience. Their laws were made in 
popular assemljUes, and the combination thus entered into 
subsisted about three years. 

Exeter, t. and p. v., Otsego co., K. Y. : 64 ra. W. by N, 
Albany. Drained by Butternut and "Wharton's creeks, and 
Canaderaga Lake lies on iLs N. E. line. Surface elevated 
and hilly ; soil, calcareous mold, well adapted for grain- 
growing. The village, near the centre of the town, contains 
u church and about 20 dwellings. Pop. of town 1,526. 

Exeter, t. and p. o., Monroe co., Midi. : 73 m. S. ii 
Lansing. Drained by Stoney cr. Soil well adapted to grain 
and grasses. Pop. 4oS. 

ExETEK, t. and p. o., Luzerne co., Peim. : 97 m. N. E. by N. 
Ilarrisburg. Surface uneven; soil excellent Drained by 
Gardner's cr. and Cascade lUm, affiuents of the Susque- 
hanna r. Shawney liidge passes Uirough it; on the E. sido 
anthracite abounds. In the S. part of this town the famous 
bailie of Wyoming was fought in 1I7S. Campbell's "Ger 
trude of Wyoming"' celebrates the horrors of the scene and 
circumstance. Pop. about l,SUt>. 

ExF.TER, L and p. v., Gree:ie co.. Wise: 21 m. S. S. W. 
Madison. The village is located on the W. side of Sugar 
cr., an aflluenl of Uock Liver. Pop. of t. 450. 

Exi.. i.i:, t. and p. v., Washington county, li. I. : 22 m. 
S. S. W\ I'rovidcnce. Drahied by Wood r. and its branch- 
es. Surface diversified by hills and valleys; soil gravelly 
loam and productive. The streams furnish fine waters 
power, which is extensively used for manufacturing pui^ 
poses. The village is a small settlement ca^st of the middle 
of the town. Pop. of town l,G3o. 

Exeter Mills, p. o., Penobscot co.. Me. : on Kenduskcaj; 
r., C2 m. N. E. by N. Augusta, 

Expeki.ment Mills, p. o., Monroe county, Penn. : 105 m 
N, K. Ilarrisburg. 



Fatier's Mills, p. v., Nelson co., Virg. : SG m. W^. by N. 
Liclimond. There are liere several mills and a small a illage 
of IS or 20 dwellings. 

Farius, Land p.v., Onondaga co., Al )'. ; IIS in.W. bvN 
Albany. Surface hilly and broken; soil moderately fertile, 
and g<iod for grass. The v. lies a lillle E. of Tioughnioga r., 
about 15 m. S. S. E. Syracuse. 

.Fauil's, p. 0., Hardy county, Mrg. : 147 in. N. W 
nichiiionti. 

Fauu'S river. Mo. : rises on Appanoose and Davis couiv 
ties of Iowa by several branches, the largest of which arc 
North. Middle, and South Fabius rivers, running in a di- 
rection from N. W^ to S. E., and uniting within a few miles 
of the Mississippi, into wliieh their collected waters fall 
opposite Quincy, in the State of Illinois. The several brancl> 
es ha\e an average length of 100 mile?, and form excellent 
mill-streams, but are navigable only for a short dislajice 
from their mouths. 

FAriLiTT, p. o., M'Minn co., Tt'n7i. : 141 m. E. S. li 
Nashville. 

Factor's Fork, p. o., Wa}-ne co^ Tmn. : 95 m. S. W. 
Nashville. 

Factory Hill, p. o;, Nansemond eo., Virff. : 82 m. S. Ei 
Pichmond. 

FAfTORV PorNT, p. v., Bcnnlnglon co., Verjn : near the 
head waters of Green r., a branch of Battentill, 91 m. S. S. E 

207 



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FAI 



Montpelier. The Western Vermont E. E. passes through 
MancliesU'f, about a mile to the W. of the village. 

Factoryville, p. v., Wyoming co., Penn.: on the left 
bank of Susquehanna r., 103 ni. N. N. E. Ilarrisburg. 

FACTORr\'iLLE, p. V., Kichmond co., y. Y.: on the N. 
Bhore of Staten Island, 133 m. S. Albany. It contains the 
extensive works of the New York Dyeing and I^rinting 
Company, which gives employment to several hundred 
persons, and are the largest of the kind in the Union. Pop. 
of the v. an<i neighborhood about 600. The KorHi Sfi^re 
Post-office is located here. 

Factohyville, p. v., Tioga co., N.Y.: on Cayuta cr.,149 
m. W. S. W. Albany. It contains several raills and facto- 
ries, and about 50 dwellings. The Erie K. K. crosses the cr. 
a short distance below the village, 263 m. from New York. 

Fair Bluff, p. v., Columbus co., K Car.: on the E. side 
of Lumber r., a branch of Little Peedce r., and at the point 
where the stream is crossed by the S. line of the State, 109 
m. S. lialeigh. The Wilmiogton and Manchester E. E. 
passes the village 63 m. from Wilmington. 

FAiitBURN, p. v., Fayette county, Ga.: 11 ra. W. by N. 
Millcdgeville. The '"La Grange E.E." passes it IS m. from 
Atlanta, and G9 from West Point. 

Faihliale, p. v., Susquehanna co., Penn. : on a branch 
of Wyalusing cr., ll'i m. N. N. E. Harrlsburg. 

Fair Dealing, p. c, Marshall co, Ky. : 221 m. W. S. W. 
Frankfort. 

Fairfax county, Virff. Situate N. E., having the Potomac 
r. and Alexandria co. in its N. E., and E., and S. E. borders, 
and contains 46S sq. m. Occoquan creek forms its S. W. line. 
Drained by numerous tribularies of the Potomac. Surface 
hilly and broken, and much of the soil sterile, but in the 
main adapted to grass and grains. Farms 610; manuf. 8; 
dwell. l,3Sii, and pop.— wh. 6,S35, fr. col. 59T, si. 3,250— 
total 10.6y2. Capital: Fairfax Court-house. PuhlicWoria: 
Orange and Alexandria E. E. ; Manassas Gap E. E., etc. 

Fairfax, p. v., Culpepper co., Virg. {See Culpepper 
Court-house). 

Fairfax, I. and p. v., Franklin county, Verm.: 37 rri. 
N. W. by N. Montpelier. Drained by Lamoille r. and il3 
tributaries, which afford good water-power; the falls of the 
Lamoille r.. which is here a large stream, are valuable for 
manufacturing purposes. Surface generally level ; soils 
light, easily tilled, and tolerably furiile. The v. is located on 
the N. side of the Lamoille, opposite the mouth of Brown's 
river. Pop. of town 2,113. 

Fairfax, p. v.. Monroe co., Ind. : on the right bank of 
Salt cr., 51 m. S. by W. Indianapolis. It is a flourishing 
place, with several mills, and about 300 inhalutanls. The 
New Albany and Salem E. K. passes it about 3 m. to the W. 

Fairfax Court-house, Fairfax co., Vircf. : at the h(^ad 
of Accatink r., S9 m. N. Eichraond. It contains the court- 
house, and other co. buildings, several stores and mechanic 
shops, and about 300 inhabitants ; and a newspaper, the 
" Fairfax News," is issued weekly. The Orange and Alex- 
andria E. E. runs S. of the v. about 3 m. distant 

Fairfield county, Co;mi. Situate S. W., and contains 
630 sq. m. It is bounded by the Ilousatonic r.. Long Island 
Sound, and the New York State line. It has 40 m. of coast 
on the Sound, and many goo<i harbors. Drained by nu- 
merous tributaries of the Ilousatonic, and by Pequannock. 
Mill, Norwalk, Saugatuek, and other streams flowing into 
the Sound. /The Ilousatonic is navigable to Derby. Sur- 
face agreeably diversified, and the soil strong, productive, 
and well cultivated. Farms 3,155 ; manuf. •iS2 ; dwell. 
10,&17. and pop.— wh. 53.370, fr. col. 1.405— total 59,775. 
Capitdls: Fairfield and Danbury. PuhUc Works: New 
York and New Haven R. R, ; Ilousatonic E. E. ; Danbury 
and Norwalk E. E., etc. 

Faiiifirlii county, Ohio. Situate centrally, and contains | 
520 sq. ni. Surface elevated, sloping toward the Miiskin- > 
gum r. on one side, and the Scioto r. on the i-llier. The 
land is generally level, interspersed occasionaJly with conical i 
30S 



hills, and the soil is well adapted to grain culture. In the 
S. the country is mme hilly, and perhaps of less average 
fertility than in the N. sections. The drainage is chiefly 
through the- Ilockhocking r. Farms 2.3S3; manuf. 1G2; 
dwell. 5,207, and pop.— wh. 29,9S4, and tr. col. 2S0— total 
30,264. CapittU: Lancaster. Public Works: Ohio Canal, 
and Hocking Canal, which form a union at Carroll; Cin- 
cinnati, Stubenville, and Pittsburg R. li., etc., etc. 

Fairfield district, S. Car. Situate centrally, and eon- 
tains 796 sq. m. Drained by Little r. and other afllueuts 
of Broad r., which makes its W. and S. W. border, and by 
creeks of Watcree r., which runs along its N. E. border. 
Surface declining southward, but generylly level ; soil light 
and fertile, producing vast cotton crops, with some of the 
grains. Farms 675; manuf. 30; dwell, 1,2S2, and pop.— 
wh. 7,076, fr. col. 82, si. 14.246— total 21,404. Capital ! 
Winnsboro'. Public Works: Charlotte and South Caro- 
lina E. E. 

Fairfield, p. v., Pickens co., Ala. : on the W. bank of 
Little Tombigbee r., 122 m. W. N. W. Montgomery. 

FAiRbiELD, t., p. v., port of entry, and cap. Fairfield co., 
Conn.: 56 m. S. W. Hartford. Drained by Mill r. and 
other streams falling into Long Island Sound, which bounds 
it on the S. Surface pleasantly undulating; soil fertile and 
well cultivated, producing grain and a large amount of gar* 
den vegetables. The t. is divided into 3 parishes, Fairfield, 
Green's Farms, and Greenfield, which are also names of 
villages. The principal v. lies about 1 J m. from Black Eocb 
Harbor, which, next to that of New London, is one of tho 
best on the Sound : it is built chiefly on one street, with a 
green or square in the centre, and contains a courl-house, 
jail, and about 140 dwellings, and has several stores and 
mechanic shops. Greenfield is pleasantly situate in the 
N. W. part of the town, and is the scene of Dr. Dwight's 
flne poem of " Greenfield Hill." Fairfield is the port of 
entry of Fairfield District, and in 1S50 owned a tonnage of 
24,329 tons, of which S6S tons were of permanent register, 
and the remainder enrolle<l and licensed, the latter engaged 
in the coasting trade. The foreign entrances ip 1849-50 
were 10 vessels, and 6,S95 tons ; and the clearances, 56 ves- 
sels, and 6,322 tons ; and one ship of 339 Ions was built in 
the same year. There is a light-house on Fairwealher 
Island, a little E. of the entrance to the harbor. Pop. of t. 
3,^18. The Indian name of Fairfield was " Unquoica."^ 
The V. was destroyed by Governor Tryon in 1779, as was 
also the v. of Green's Farms. The New York and Now 
Haven E. E. passes through it 

Fairfieli>, p. v.. Nelson co., Ky. : on a branch of Salt r., 
36 m. W. S. W. Frankfort. 

Fairfield, p. v., Franklin co., Ind. : on the E. side of the 
E. fork of White Water r., 66 m. E. by S. Indianapolis. It 
is a flourishing v., and has about 200 inhabitants. 

Fairfield, p. v., and cap. Wayne co., lU. : on the bor- 
ders of Ilargrave's Prairie, 126 m. S. E. tfpruigfield. It has 
a handsome brick court-house and other co. buildings, and 
contains several stores and about 250 inhabitants. Largo 
quantities of castor-oU are manufactured here and in tho 
neighborhood. 

Fairfield, p. v., and cap. Jefferson co., la. : on a branch 
of Big Cedar cr. of Skunk r., 49 m. S. S. W. Iowa City. U 
is the seat of a United States Land Office, and two news- 
papers, the ** Iowa Sentinel'' (dem.), ami the "F. Ledger" 
(whig), are published weekly. The Dubuquo and Keo- 
kuk It. E.. as projected, will make this village one of its 
stations. Pop. 1,200. 

Fairfield, t. and p. v., Somerset co., Jfc. .- 23 m. N. by E. 
Augusta, Drained by several creeks of Kennebec r.. which, 
makes ita E. boundary, and is navigable for Iioala down to 
Augusta, whore it meeta sloop navigatiou. Surface elevated 
and hilly: soil goo<I, and ad.ipted to grazing. The v. is a 
small agricultural Ri.*ltl..-nient. in the S. part of the towa, 
about 3 m. W. of ihc Kenm-bec. Pop. oft. 2,4-V2. 

Fai£fii:li>, I. and p. o., Lenawee co.. Mich. : in. thd 3. 



FAI 



FAI 



part of the co., 74 m. S. S. E. Lansiug. It is drained by 
Bear cr. of Eaisin r. P,>p. 1;J2. 

Fairfield, t. and p. v., Herkimer county, 2^. Y. : 73 m. 
W. by N. Albany. Draint^d by W, Canada cr. Surface 
hilly and rough; soil clayey, fertile, and well adapted to 
grazing. The v. contains 3 churches, an academy, several 
Btorca and mechanic shops, and about 300 inhabitants. 
Here was located the "Western College of Physicians anil 
Surgeons, founded 1S12, but now diaeonlinued. Pop. 1,640. 
PAinyiELD, p. v., Greene co., Ohio: on the S. E. aide of 
Mad r., and on the line of the Mad r. and Lake Erie R. It., 
55 m. W. by S. Columbus. It contains several mills and 
tanneries, various niec!ianic shops, and about I'JO dwell- 
ings. The jilain on which the v. is located is circumscribed 
by a line of genUe liitls. 

FAiKFiELn, p. v., Adams co., Penn.: on the S. side of 
Middle cr. of Monocacy r., 6 m. "W. of Gettysburg, and 43 
m. S. "W. Ilarrisburg. 

Fairfield, p. v., Bedford co., Tenti. : 47 m. S. by E. 
Nashville. 

Fairfield, p, v., I?ockbridge co., Mrg. : on a branch 
of South r., 99 ni. W. by N, liichmond. It eonlains about 
ISO inhabitants. 

Fairfield, I. and p. v., Franklin county, Venn.: 41 ni. 
K. X. W. Montpeli^r. Drained by Fairfield r., iJlack cr.. 
etc., affluents of Mij-sisqui r., and abounding in mill-sites. 
Surface uneven ; soil fertile, and good for tillage, with ex- 
tensive pasturage. The v. on Fairfield r. contains several 
mills and factories, and about '2*20 inhabitants. Population 
of town 2,591. 

FAiRFrKi.D, p. o., Walworth county, Wue. : 57 m. S. E. 
Madison. 

Fairfield, p. v., Hyde county, K. Car. : 153 m. E. 
Baleigh. 

FajIifield,^. v., Benton co., 3fo. : on the left bank of 
Pomme de Tcrre r., a branch of the Osage, 73 ni. W. S. W. 
Jefferson City. 

Faiefield Corners, p, o., Somerset co.. Me. : on the "U'. 
bank of Kennebec r., 2S m. N. by E. Augusta. 

Fair Forest, p. o., Desha co., .^1/7.-. .• at the head of Abeel's 
cr., 73 m. S. E. Little Eock. 

Fair Garden, p. o., Sevier county. Te7in. : 179 m. E. 
Nasliville. 

Fair Grove, p. o., Davidson co., iV". Cur. : 6S ra. W. 
Baleigh. 

Fair Haven, p. v., Xew Ilaveu co., Coii?}.: on both 
sides of Quinniijiac r.. and 37 m. S. by "W. Hartford. A 
bridge unites the two parts of the v. ; also the viaduct of the 
New Haven and New London B. R., which passes through 
tlie place 2 m. E. New Haven. It contains about 1.000 
inhabitants, numbers of whom depend on the oyster trade 
and coast fishing for subsistence. A large portion of the 
oysters sold in New York are from Fair Haven. 

Fair Ha\t.;s, Land p. v., Bristol co., Mass.i 51 ni. S. 
Boston, and immediately E. of New Bedford, from which 
it is separated by Acushnet r., over which is a bridge 3,060 
feet in length. The v. contains several cliurches. a I>ank, 
etc., and has considerable shipping, chiefly engaged in the 
whale fisheries. In 1S50, 9,491 bis. sperm, and 14,145 Ids. 
whale oil were brought into port by 13 ships. The Acushnet 
affords good water-i)Owcr, and numerous mills and facto- 
ries are located on its banks. Pop. of town 4.3i)4. 

Fair Haven, p. v., Preble co., Ohio: on an affluent of 
Miami r., 9S m. AV. by S. Columbus. There are numerous 
mills in the vicinity, and the village contiuns about 45 
dwellings and 250 inhabitanla. The Four Mile Valley R. E. 
iutersccts the place. 

Fair Haven. L ami p. v., Rutland co.. Verm. : 57 m. 
B.W. by S. Montpelier. Drained by Castleton and Pultney 
rivers, which unite on the S. border of the town, and about 
13 m. before entering East Bay of Lake Champlain. On 
Castleton r. are falls which prcluce a fine water-power, 
"nrface diveraifled ; soil fertile and well cultivated. Bom- 

14 



bazine Lake makes the E. boundarj- of the town. The v. on 
the N. side of Castleton r. is intersected by the Saratoga and 
"Washington B. B., S m. E. of WhitehaU. Pop. oft. yo2. 

Fair Havf„n, p. v., Carroll co.. ///..■ 152 m. N. by W. 
Springfield. H is located on a fine elevated site at tho 
sources of Little Eock river. 

Fair Hill, p. o., Cecil co., Md, : on the W. aide of Big 
Elk r., 55 m. N. E. Annapolis. 

Fair Hill, p. o., Marshall county, Virg. : 284 m. N. W. 
Richmond. 

Fair Land, p. o., Livingston co., Sfo. : 116 m. N. W. 
Jefferaon City. 

Fairlee, t, and p. v.. Orange co., Venn. : 33 m. 8. E. 
Montpelier. Drained chiefly by Fairlee Pond, the outlet 
of which empties into the Connecticut r., which forms its E. 
boundary. Surface mountainous, and the land rough and 
below the average fertility. Timbered chiefly with pine 
and hemlock. The v. lies on the Connecticut, and is inter- 
sected by the Connecticut and Passuinsic River li. K., 2*2 m. 
above 'Wliiti- River .luiu-lion. A bridge across the river con- 
nects it Willi the town of Oxford. Pop. 575. 

Faiumont. p. v., and cap. Marion co., Virg. : on the 
JMonungahela r., 194 m. N. W. Richmond. It ia a thriving 
Tillage, with considerable trade, and located at the point 
where the Baltimore and Ohio \i. R. crosses the Mononga- 
hfla. Pup. about 660. The '* Democratic Banner," a 
weekly newspaper, is published here. 

Fair Mount, p. v., Onondaga co., K. T.: immediately 
W. of the ^■illage of Geddes,on a stream emptying into Nina 
Mile cr. near its mouth, 124 m. W. by N. Albany. The 
Rochester and Syracuse R. R. passes a little N. of the villago. 
Fair Mount, p. o., Hunterdon co., X. Jer. 
Fair Mount, p. o., Miami co., Ohio : 66 m. "W. by N, 
Columbus. 

Fair Mocnt. p. o., Casa county, Ga. : 126 m. N. "W. 
Milledgeville. 

Fair Mount Si-rings, p. v., Luzerne co., Penn.: 77 m. 
N.N. E. Ilarrisburg. 

Fair Play, p. o.. Hot Springs co., Ark. : 37 m. S. W. 
Little Rock. 

Fair Plat, p. o., Morgan county, Ga. : 46 m. N. by W. 
Milledgeville. 

Fair Plat, p. v., Greene co., hid, : on the W. bank of 
the W. fork of White r., 64 ra. S. \V. Indianapolis, and on 
the line of the "Wabash and Erie Canal. It contains about 
40 dwellings, and has a thickly-settled neighborhood. 
Fair Plat, p. o., Grant co.. Wise. : 67 m. S.W. Madison. 
Fair Plat, p. o., Benton county, AUi, : 97 m. N. E. 
Monlgomerj". 

Fair Plat, p. o., Panola county, T'ftp. ; 24S m. N. E. 
Austin City. 

F.UR Point, p. o,. Cooper county. Mo. : 47 m. W. by N. 
Jefferson City. 

Fairport, p. v., Muscatine co., /(/. .• on the right bank of 
the Mississippi r., 7 m. E. by N. of Muscatine, and 40 m, 
E. by S. Iowa City. 

Fairport, p. v., Chemung co., N. Y. : on the Chemung 
Canal, at the junction of the feeder, 6 m. N. Elmira, and 158 
m.W. S. "W. Albany. It contains several large warehouses, 
numerous stores and mechanics' shops, and 600 inhabitants. 
Faikport, p. o., Lake CO., Ohio: on tiie E. side of Grand 
r., at its confluence with Lake Erie, 14S m. N. E. Columbus, 
It has a good harbor for lake craft, and is connected by a 
railroa<l 3 m. with Paincsville. of which it is the port. It 
has consi<lerable business, and a population of about 250 
inhabitants. 

Fairton, p. v., Cumberland co.. 2^. Jer. : at tlie union of 
Mill cr. and Rattle-snake r., which flow into Cohansey cr., 61 
m. S. Trenton. It contains about 250 inhabitants. The 
vicinity is a fi-rtile region, and has a fine bed of raarl, which 
is used as a fertilizer. 

Faikview, p. 0., Waahington co. Md.: 91 m. W. N. W 
AnnnpoUs. 

209 



FAI 



FAIi 



Fairview, p. v., Franklin counly, Ga. : 95 m. N. E. 
Milledgeville. 

Faiktiew, p. x.y Eandolph co., Ind. : CI m. E. by N. 
Indianapolis. 

Fairview, p, v., Fulton county, //-/.; 62 m. N. N. "VT. 
Springflt'ld. 

FAiRvrEw, p. 0., Jonea co., la. : 2 m. S. of Anamosa, on 
■Wapsipinioon r., 81 m. N. N. E. Iowa City. 

Fairview, p. v., Todd county, Ay. .■ 161 m. S. "W. 
Frankfort. 

Fairview, p. o., Concordia par.. La.: 72 m. N. N. TV. 
Baton Eou£;e. 

Faieview, p. o., Fettis co., Mo. : on Muddy cr., a branch 
of Kiviere a la Mine, 62 ra. "W. Jefferson City. 

Fairtiew, p. o., Buncombe co., N. Oar.: 226 m. "W 
Ealc'gh. 

Fairview, p. v., Cattaraugus co., K. Y. : 22T m.W. by B. 
Albany. 

Fairview, p. v., Guernsey co., Ohw:^1 m. E. by N 
Columbus. Pop. 444. 

Fairview, t. and p. v., Erie co., P^n. : 222 m. N. W. 
IXaiTisburg. Drained by Elk and "Walnut creeks of Lake 
Erie, which forms its N. boundary. Surface hilly: soil, a 
gravelly loam and fertile. The w lies at the mouth of Wal- 
nut cr. on the lake, and is passed l>y the Cleveland, Paincs- 
ville, and Ashtabula II. K. It is aeeessil>le to lake crail, and 
tias some trade. The town has numerous mills, and 1,713 
inhabitants. 

Fairview, p. v., Greenville dist., S. Car. : 79 m. N. "W. 
Columbia. 

Fairview, p. v, Marion county, Tenn, : 9S m. S. E. 
Uashville. 

Fairview, p. v., Hancock co., Virg. : 2G4 m. N. "W 
Richmond. 

Fairview Village, p. v., Montgomery co., Penn. : 93 
m. E. Ilarrlsburg. 

FAiR\aLLE, p. v., 'Wayne co., y. T. : 173 m. Tf. by N. 
Albany. Pop. 240. 

Fairville, p. v., Chester co., Penn. : 78 m. W. by S. 
Harrisburg 

Fa.!" >H .vrER, p. o., Fond du Lac Co., WIjsc. : on the W. 
euge oi the co., 52 m. N. N. E. Madison. 

FAiRWEATHEii, p. o., Adoms CO., lU. : 79 m. "W. by N. 
Springfield. 

Faisos's DepAt, p. o., Dnplin co., X. Car. : on the line 
ofthe "Wilmington and Weldon R. R., 64 m. from "Wilming- 
ton, and 93 m. from AVeldon— 51 m. S. E. Raleigh. 

Falkland, p. v., Pitt co., A'! Oir.: on a small affluent 
oTTar r., 66 m. E. Raleigh. 

FALLAssBur.GH, p. V., Kent co., JtHcTi. : 5S3 m. "W. N. "W. 
Lansing. 

Fall CREmc, p. o.. Marlon county, Tn/h : on Uie cr. so 
called, X. by E. of Indianapolis. 

Fall creek, N. Y. : rises in Cajiiga co., and flows through 
a part of Tompkins co. into the hcacl of Cayuga Lake, near 
Ihe v. of Ithaca. This is a valuable and romantic stream, 
Uiere being picturesque fulls alTording fine water-power. 

Fall crock, Jnfh: rises in llcnry co., and mns S. "fl'. 
through Madison. U:miiUon. and Ili-nry counties, 75 m., into 
'V\'hite r. above Indlanajiolis. It is one of the best mill- 
alrearas of the State. It is the Indian •' Soo-sooc-pa-ha-loe," 
or SpilUioiiter., so called from its falls near Pendleton, where 
It descends 25 feet in a mite, and at one place falls about 9 
feet. Many of its water privileges are very valuable. 

Fallen Timber, p. o., Cambria co.. Pom. 

Falling Bridge, p. o., Campbell co., Virg. : on Falling 
cr. of Roanoke r., S4 ra. "W. S. W. Richmond. 

Falling Creek, p. o., VTayne co., iV. Car.: on a cr. of 
Neuso r. so called, 49 nu S. E. Raleigh. 

Falling Mill, p. o., Moore co.. N. Car.: t^ m, S, "W. 
Baleigh. 

Falling Spuing, p. o., Greenbrier co., Vlrg. : 15G m. "W. 
Elchmond. 
210 



Falling Spring, p. o., Clark co., Miss.: S7 m. E. by S. 
Jackson. 

Falling Water, p. o., "While co., Tenn-. : 66 m. E. by 3. 
Nashville. 

Falling Waters, p. c, Berkeley co., Virg, : ^ the &• 
bank of the Potomac r., 141 m. N.N. "W. Richmond. 

Fall River, p. o., Columbia co., Wise. : on Fall r., a 
tribntary of Rock r., 33 m. N. E. Madison. 

Fall Rivep« t.. p. v.. and port of entr>'. Bristol co., Mass. ; 
46 m. S. Boston. Drained by streams falling into TauntOQ 
r. and Mount Hope Bay, a branch of Narraganset Bay, 
Surface elevated, rough, and uneven. The t. takes its name 
from Fall r., the outlet of Watuppa Pond, al the union of 
which with Taunton r. the great inanufactunng village of 
Fall River is located. Tliis t. is without a parallel on the 
American Continent in regard to its combined facilities for 
navigation and hydraulic power. Fall r. rises 2 m. E. of 
the V. in Watuppa Pond, which is 11 m. long and 1 m. 
broad, originating in perennial springs. The descent of the 
r. to Taunton r. is 156 f«„-et, and the volume of water con- 
stant and of snfficient power for the largest manufactures. 
The harbor on Tauuton r. is safe and easy of access, and of 
depth sLifHcienl for the largest ships. It is one of the great 
iianufacturing centres of the State, and has extensive cotton 
mills, woolen factories, print-works, bleacberies, boot and 
shoe factories, foundries, etc., etc. ; it has also several banks 
and insurance ofifloes. In 1319-50, the foreign entrances 
were 7S vessels (12,739 tons) ; and clearances, 37 vessels 
(5,479 lonsV It has also a large coasting trade, and is en- 
gaged In the whale and other fisheries. The tonnage owned 
in the district in 1S5'} was 18,102 tf>ns, of which 2,251 tons 
were registered, 10,74S enrolled and licensed, and 108 li- 
censed (under 20 tons). In the whale fisheries there were 
92Stons employed, in coasting, 10,7i)l tons, and in the cod 
fishery, 47 tons ; and the shipping propeBed by steam 
amounted to 4,734 tons ; and 1 ship, 3 schooners, and 1 
steamer (in the aggregate 1,254 tons), were built in the year 
next preceding. The port is connected with New York by 
a regular steam line, and with Boston by the Fall River 
R. R., etc. T^vo newsp,apers, the "Weekly News" (dem.), 
and the '• F. R. Monitor," arc issued weekly, circulating 700 
toSOO copies each. Pop, in 1820,1,594; in 3330,4,159; la 
1S40, C.73S; and in 1S5;J, 11,522. 

Fall River, p. o., Marshall co., Ala.: on an affluent of 
Tennessee r. so called, 1-33 ra. N. Montgomer)-. 

Falls county, Tex. Situate centrally on the Upper Bra- 
zos r.. and contains about 940 sq. ra. Erected since 1S50, 

Falls, p. o., Lincoln county, JV. Car. : 183 m. W, by S. 
Raleigh. 

Falls, t. and p. o., "Wyoming co., Penn. : 9S m. N. N. E, 
Ilarrisburg. Drained by Buttermilk Falls cr. of Susque- 
nanna r., the latter of which makes the V,'. border of the k 
Surface hilly ; soil productive in grain, grass, etc., and there 
is abundance of timber. The cr. h.as here a perpendicular 
fall of 30 feet, and affords immense hydraulic power 

FALT^snrRGii, t. and p. v., Sullivan co., y. Y. : 79 m. S.W. 
Albany. Drained by Neversink r. and the bead branches 
of Rondout cr. Surface hilly; soil gravelly loara, fertile^ 
and well adapted for grain and grass. The v. is located on 
Neversink r., which here furnishes a fine water-power. It 
contains several mills, stores, etc.. and about 200 inhab- 
itimts; and in the L there are numerous others. Pop. of 
town 2,626. 

Fali.sbl'egu, t and p. o., Licking county, Ohio: 43 m. 
E. N. E. Columbus. Drained by a branch of Muskingum 
r , which aflbrds great water-power. Surface diversified ; 
soil rich and fertile, producing fine wheat, etc. Pop. 1,20& 

Falls Cuitecii, p. o., Fairfax county, M-rg. : 134 m. N. 
Richmond. 

Fallsington, p. o., Bucks eo., Penn. 

Falls of Hlane, p. o., Lawrence co., Ki/. : at the falls 
on Blane r., an affluent of Big Sandy r., 1-42 m. E. by S. 
t'rankforL 



FAL 



Fai.1^ op liorGH, p. 0., Grayson co., K,j. ■ at th.- falls of 
EoujU or., an affluent ofGreen r.. !ir m.W. S. W. Frankfort, 

Fali^ or St. Cf.oix, p. o., St. Croix co., Whc, : on St 
Crow r.. 22S m. N. W. Madison. 

Fal,^ of ScDvVLiaLL, p. o., rhiladelphla CO., Penn.: 91 
m. h. Ilarnsburg. 

Faluston, p. v., Hartford countv, IM. ■ 40 m N N V 
Annapolis. ' • • ^^. r.. 

KA..L8TON, t and p. o., Eoaver Co.. Penv. : 194 m.W. by N. 
Ilarrrsburj. Situate on the W. bank of Big ISeavor r which 
to*f '°°^ '-"^^-Po-er. 1. Las severl n,iUs a^d fac- 

,, f"!f, ■^"•'■*<=>'- P- v., Litchfield CO., C<m^. ; on the E 
de of Housatonic r., a little below the Falls. 41 m. E. bv X 
narlford It contains several mannfaclurin^ estabiish- 
ments. The Housatonic IL P. passes through the place, ST 
m. froiu BndgeporL ^ i > • 

Falmouth, p. v., and cap. Pendleton CO., Xy. .- on the 
eft bank of Licking r., which is Joined by a n,a1n br"n 

IZ ■ , " '=™""''" " »■'"->■"«- nnd other co 

bu.ld.ngs several store.,, and about 4<10 inhabitanls. It h.-« 
considerable river traffic. 
Falmoutii t. and p. o., Cumberland oo., Jfe. ; c m. N 

6cut r, ,ls N. K. sh<,rc resting on Caseo Bay. Surface level • 
sou generally fertile. It h.ns a considerable amonntof ship^ 
png employed in coasting and the flsheries. The .\tlanlic 
and St. Lawrence K. E., and the Portland and Kennebec 
It. K. pass thnnigh the town. Pop " ]C4 

FALVorTU, p. v., Fayette counl'y, M..- 46 m. E. by S 
Indianapolis. -^ 

FAiMoTTn, t. and p. o., Eamslable co., .v™.s. .• 61 m 
8. by E Boston. It is situated on the S. W. corner of Cap<; 
tod between Buzzard's Bay and Vineyar.l Sound. Surla^ 
"el: sod hght, but generally fertile. It has several p od 
iKir hors. Of Which Wood', Hole, in the S. W., is ti^; t' 
and has from 9 to C fathom, of ^-ater. It has considerable 
The et;'""'""'" '■" "" ™-''"S trade and the fisl c ie 
There are numerous salt ponds, and the salt works of the 

power. On these are several mills and factories- but the 
great interest Of the t. ison the seas. Tho v S are, 
bnguished by iheir localities in North and S and jt; 
Falmouth, etc. Pop. of the t. 2,.M9. ' ."lu j.ast 

FALvoi-Tn, p. v.. Lancaster co., /•«, „. .■ on the F Innk of 
Susquehanna r.. where it receive Conewag.a cr,' ud o" 

nTr^'^rJf """r" -^ ""= I-^-'y'vania c™ 
F^',,;o^;"""- " '™'-'""'' ='''™' 20" inhabitant.,. 

fells of li.nppahannock r., .14 m. N. Biehmon.l. It li,-, nearly 

a Bridge. It h.-is a large number of flourin" and other 
mills, ™,ous mechanic shops and s.rcs, and l^'^ 

Fam^ n'Tr^' ?"• '""■ ^-' •■ => '^ib. of Bed rher. 
Faxcv bJ-p? n V;' ^'^'- ■■ ^' "• N- N- K- •T.'^ckson, 

F^J'""' "■ "■• ^™^- "•• ^- =« n. W. S. W. 
mcZ7nt"'^' "• "■' '"'•"'"' ">•• "'•"'■■ "8 .n..V. byS. 
EaWg" ""-"^ ^ "■' ''"*" """>'^' ^- «"■••• 129 nt. W. 
Mine'i;^?^'."' "• "■■ "''™' ~""*' '^'^ •• "« - «■ ^■ 
pi.™:,;;"'"' "• "•' ^"^''"""°- ~- "'•^' •■ 122 m.W. by N. 

bank of?!^""':"' "• "■' ^'••™'-'"" ">■' ^""'■■- nn the W 
uank orconecocheague r .')7 m W i,v a tt ■ , 

-0 iron ore, are ^^n.^l^l^'^l^^^^^^'- C^ 



FAR 



Thel^? r T t ■""•■"' ^'- """ ^-'^^^ 960 sq. m. 
Jiois d ..\rc r. and other streams, drain the northern and 

o7k" z::""'" 'T'- '""' '■ ""■ '' «"'-'' •' ■ "n! 

the E. fork ol Tnnity r. Surface level or undulating, except 
along the Red r., the magins of which are traversed by 
ranges of low hills or bluffs. Dense forests overshadow the 
southern portion of the co. ; the remainder, with the ex- 
ception of the woody fringes of the streams, is open prairie, 
nf which llie soil is generally a deep black adhesive mold 
and very fertile. Iron ore Is abundant. Farms 831 • 
manuf. 2: dwell. ,14S. an.l pop.-wh. 8,200, fr. col. 0. sL 52.S 
—total 8,1 SS. <"«;»■(■„«.• Bonham. 

Faiilkv, p. v., Culpepper CO., Virff. .- rs m. N. N. W 
l.ichmond. 

F.u<Low-'s Gttovr. p. o.. Mercer co., fit. : on the N. side 

S >rii^ "nel'l " """ °" "'"""" "'' ""^ Mississippi, S3 m. N. W. 

Fabmer, p. o., Seneca Co., X r. ■ In F.armcrsville a 

wt'lltau'v""*^" '■"'""" " "• ■*^'- '"'•" '^^5^'S=' 1^'=. !■« '^■ 

FAKMEjt, t. and p. o.. Defl.-ince co., Olilo; 132 m N W 

I Columbu.s. Drained by tributaries of Maumeo r. Surfa«; 

I diversified >,y hill and .lale; soil a rich loam, producing 

grain and gr.ass abundantly. Pop. ,^9' *" 

vil^f'T"'' 'w"-, =*^"'-i«''"'<-"0-> Ga'.: In Farmersville, . 
I illago ,ss m. W. by P. MUledgeville 

Frlnkmrf'' ^^ "- '■'''""'"» """"'■ ^'^^ '^ " »' ^ "^ N. 

Farmeh'r, p. o., Tork co., Pp,,,,, 

Faiimei., AKr, Mkciiamcs- Mil,^, p. o., Jackson co., a,. : 
SI m. N. by W. Milledgeville. 

FARMEli's Branc, P.O., Dallas co., ?;,..• on a branch 
of Trimly r.. 1 SS m. N. by E. Austin City. 

FAnHEKSEUEGii, p. V., Claytou county, f„. ■ SJ m N 
Iowa City. ' • 

Farmer's Creek, p. o., Lapeer Co., m^k. : on a branch 
of Flint r. .so called, 03 m. E. by N. Lansin- 
= f^"™:« «>••""=, p. o.. Southampton c5., Vira.: 07 m 

Fahmer-s Giu,tt^, p. 0., Greene co., m^c: S3 m S S "n^ 

FARMEr's Hai.i., p. o.. Knox eounly, m. : about C n. 
■W . by s. Knoxvillc. and SI m. X. N. W. Springfield 
]• ARMER's Hn.i, p. 0., Duchess CO., J\': i: ° 
Farmer's Miles, p. o., Putnam co., iV. i: .■ rs m s i,. r 
I Albany. " ■ . - 

F-ARMER-s Valeby, p. o., M'Kean co., P„m. .• 147 m 
A. vv. llarrisburg. 

Farmeesvilee, p. v., Lowndes co., A!,i. .■ on Ihe Calenvba 
and Greenville Turnpike, 8S m. S. W. Montgomen- 

F.^RMER.s^-,LEE, p. v., and cap. Union par., Za'.: on tV 

N. si.le of Bayou d'Arbonne, 173 m. N. W. Baton Itou.^ 

It contains a court-house, jail, and about 200 inhabilont," ' 

Farmersvule, p. v., Posey co., /«,/. .• about 3 m N of 

Mount Vernon, and 1.51 m. S. W. Indianapolis. 

Farmeesville, L and p. v., Cattaraugus CO., K V ■ "29 
m. W. by S. Albany. Siluato on a watershed dividing uie 
waters falling into Lake Ontario on the N., into Lake Erie 
on th.' W., and into Ihe Alleghany r. on the S., the waters of 
the latter ultimalely falling into the Gulf of Mexico, a'l.l 
those of the former into Ihe Atlantic Ocean throusrh tli.' St 
Lawrence r. The v. contains about 200 inhabitants. Pnn 
of the t. ],5W. ' 

Farmepj;viei.e, p. v., Caldwell en., iy. .■ ]93m.-W « W 
Frankfort. ■^' ' 

Facuerstilee, p. v., Montgomery cnnnty, Ohio ■ 7S m 
W. by S. Columbus. ' 

Farmersvieee. p. v.. Dodge Co., H7«-. .• on a branch of 
Koek r., .•i7 m. N. E. Madison. 

Farm Hile, p. o., Poin.,ctt county, ,4,*. .• 104 m N F 
Little P.ock ■ ' 

ai 



FAR 



FAW 



Fabmingdale, p. v., Queens co., N'. Y. : on the line of the 
Long Island It. K., 31 m. from New York City, and 13T m. 
S. by E. Albany. 

Farminguam, p. v., Orleans co., X. Y. : 233 m. W. by N. 
Alhany. 

Farminotos, L and p. o., Ilarlford county, Conn. : 9 m. 
W. by S. Hartford. Drained by Tunxls or Farniington r. 
Surface hilly and varied ; soil generally fertile, but light and 
sandy. Round Hill, near the village, rises abruptly to the 
height of GO feet, and is nearly circular in its form, covering 
about 12 acres. It is supposed to have been an island in a 
lake which covered all the present meadows. Farmington 
village is situate on an elevated plain, surrounded by hills; 
it lies on one principal street about 3 m. long, beautifully 
shaded, and contains 2 churches, an academy, and about 
130 dwellings. The New Haven and Northampton (Canal) 
R. R. passes through it 30 m. from New Haven, and at 
Plainvilie gives off the Oollinsville Braneh 11. II. The Hart- 
ford. Providence, and Fishkill R. R. crosses the town 
E. and W. Unionville, Plainvilie, etc., are villages in 
FarraingloQ. Pop. in t. 2,631. 

Farmington, p. v., Clark county, Ga. : 49 m. N. by W. 
Milled geville. 

Farmington, p. v.. Rush county, Ind.: 3T m. E. S. E. 
Indianapolis. 

Farmington, p. v., Fulton co., III. : on a branch of Cop- 
peras cr., 64 m. N. by W. SpringfiLdd. 

Farmington, p. v., Marion county, Virg. : 206 m. N. W. 
Richmond. 

FARiiiNGTON, p. v., Van Buren co,, /((. ; on the E. side 
of Des Moines r.. opposite the mouth of Indian cr., 71 m. 
9. by W. Iowa City. Pop. 5S5. 

Farmington, p. v., Graves co., A'y. ; 241 m. W. S. "W. 
Frankfort. 

FARsnNGTON, L, p. V., and cap. Franklin co.. Me. : 32 ra, 
N. W. Augusta. Drained by Sandy r., a tributary of the 
Kennebec. Surface diversified ; soil fertile, and producing 
gottd wheat and grass. The v. is situate on Sandy r., which 
affiirds water-power. There are several tanneries, potteries, 
ete., in the t.. and 2,7'26 inhabitants. The " Chronicle," a 
weekly newspaper, is published here. 

Farmington, t, and p. v., Oakland co., Mick. : 64 m. 
E. by S. Lansing. Drained by numerous affluents of the N. 
br.inch of Rouge r. Surface diversified ; soil deep and fer- 
lik' — well wooded. The v. lies on Power's cr.. on which 
are numerous flour and saw mills. Pop. oft 1,844. 

Farmington, p. v., Tishcmingo co., Miss.: 205 m. N. E. 
Jackson. 

Farmington, p. v., and cap. St. Francois co.. Mo.: at 
the head waters of St. Francois r., 114 m. E. S. E. Jefferson 
Citp. It contains a courl-house, jail, several stores and me- 
chanic shops, and about 400 inhabitants. It hes on the E. 
conflncj. of the great mineral region of the State. 

Farmington, \i. v., Davie co., Ji. i7ar.: on the W. side 
of Yadkin r., 104 m. W. by N. Richmond. 

f ARMiNGTON, t. and p. v., Strafford co., y. Ildmp. : 33 m. 
E. N. E. Concord. Drained by Cooheco r. Surfaee hilly, 
being traversed by the Blue Hills, or Frost Mountains, from 
the summit of which ships may be seen with the naked eye 
off the harbor of Portsmouth. Soils thin, but of average 
fertility. The principal village is situate at the N. E. side 
of, and about a ra. distant from the river, on which is the 
Dock, so named from its having been used as such by the 
first settlers, who deposited their lumber here to be floated 
down the stream. Near this village is a remarkable rock, 
estimated to weigh 60 or SO tons, so exactly poised on other 
rocks that it is caused to vibrate several inches by manual 
force. The Cocliceo R. R. traverses the valley of the river 
through the town, and the Grcrit Falls and Conway U. R. 
crosses it in the K. Pop. in 1S5), ],fiOD. 

Farmington, t. an-l p. o.. Ontario co., K. Y. : 1S2 m. 
W. by N..AIbany. Drained by Mud cr., a mill-stream 
emptying into Canandaigua outlet. Surfiicc level ; soil, stiff 
212 



clay, and difficult of cultivation. Large tracts of water- 
limestone are found here. Pop. 1,857. 

Farmington, t. and p. o., Trumbull co., Ohio: 146 m. 
N. E. Columbus. Drained by liead branches of Grand r. 
Surface hilly ; soil excellent for grass, etc. Pop. 1,283. 

Farmington, p. v., Fayette co., Pe/tn.: 159 ra. W. S. W. 
Harrisburg. 

Farmington, p. v., Marshall county, Te7m.: 47 m. S. 
Nashville. 

Farmington, t. and p. o., Jefferson co., Wise. : 23 m. E. 
Madison. Drained by Johnson's cr., a tributary of Roek r. 
Surface varied and well timbered ; soils rich and pro- 
ductive. Pop. 736. 

Farmington, p. v., Ritchie co,, Virg. : 223 m. "W. N. W, 
Richmond. 

Farmington Falls, p. v., Franklin county, 3fe. : on Ihe 
N. side of Sandy r. of the Kennebec, opposite the mouth of 
Little Norridgewock r., 26 m. N. "W. Augusta. 

Farm Ridge, p. o.. La Salle co., HL : about 2 ra. N. E, 
Vermillion r. of the Illinois, 91 m. N. E. Springfield. 

Faumville, p. v., Prince Edward co., Virg. : on the S. 
side of Appomattox r., and on the line of the South Side 
R. R., 53 m. W. S. V\. Richmond. It cotitains two large 
tobacco warehouses, several extensive tobacco factories, 
various mechanic shops, and about 1,200 inhabitants. Boat3 
navigate the river at all seasons to Petersburg, its natural 
port, and with which, and also with Richmond, it is now 
connected by railroad. The " Republican'' (whig;, a weekly 
newspaper, is published here. 

Farnham, p. v., Richmond county, Virg. : 53 m. N. E. 
Richmond. 

Farnums\tllk, p. v., "Worcester co., Mass. : on the Provi- 
dence and Worcester R. R., 37 ra. W. S. W. Boston. 

Farrandsville, p. v., Clinton co., Pemi. : on the N. side 
of the West Branch of Susquehanna r., 74 m. N. W. Har- 
risburg. 

Farrell Place, p. v., Clinton county, X. Y. : 137 m. N. 
Albany. 

Farrionville, p. v., Pike county, Ala. : 43 m. S. E. 
Montgomery. 

Far liocKAWAr, v., Queene co., K Y.: & fine summer 
retreat on the S. side of Long Island. The v. is located on 
a peninsula, between Jamaica Bay and the Atlantic, and 
contains a church and about 40 dwellings. One m. V,'. are 
the Marine Pavilion and Rock Hall, splendid boarding 
houses, which are resorted to by visitors seeking the benefit 
of a summer-marine residence. 

Farrowsvillk, p, v., Fauquier county, Vi/'ff. : 93 m. 
N. N. W. Richmond. 

Far Wist, p. o.. Johnson co., Iiirf. ; on the E. side of the 
West Fork of White r., 14 m. S. by W. Indianapolis. 

Faui'ett's Store, p. o., Orange co., X. Car. .-51 m. N.W. 
Raleigh. 

Faussb Point, p. o., St. Martin's par.. La. : 42 m. S. by W. 
Baton Rouge. 

Fausse Rivierk : a lake below Point Coupee, Louisiana, 
formerly the bed of the Mississippi, ami until 1S14 \\a prin- 
cipal channel. It is now filled up at both ends so as to bo 
sliut off from the new channel, and forms an extensive lake 
in the form of a horse-shoe. The banks are very fertile, and 
covered willi fine farms. 

Fauquieii county, Virg. Situate N. E.. and contains 720 
sq. m. Drained by the branches of Rappahannock and 
Occoquan rivers. Surface diversified by hills and valleys; 
soil niotlerately productive. This is one of the best grain 
counties of the Slate, and has also large numbers of live- 
stock. Farms SSO; manuf 62; dwell. 1,S39, and pop.— 
wh. 9.875. fr. col. &W si. 10.350— total 20,S6S. C(tpit<U: 
Warrenton. Puhlir Works : Orange and Alexandria R. R. ; 
Warrentou liraiR-h R. R. ; Manassas Gap R. R.. etc. 

Fav.-n Grove, t. and p. o., York co., Peini.: 42 m. S. E. 
Harrisburg. Drained by aftluenls of Muddy cr., which 
makes its N. boundary, the S. lint' being the Marvtand State 



FAW 



FAT 



liBe. Surface hilly, and soil indifferent. There are several 
mills and factories in the town. 

Fawn Kivsr, I. and p. o., St. Joseph's co., Mic/i.: 74 m. 
S. E. Lansing. Drained by Fawn r., a tributary of St. Jo- 
seph's of the lake. The Soutliem Michigan R. K. passes 
Ihrough the N. W. comer of the town. Poji. 47ci. 

Fayeite county, Ala. Situate W, toward N., and con- 
tains 9.36 sq. m. Drained chiefly by Yellow cr., Looxapatilla 
r. and Sipsey r., tributaries of Tonibigbee r. Tlic E, part 
of the CO. is drained by the head streams of several aniuents 
of Black Warrior r. Surface unflulaliu"; or level ; soils fer- 
tile, jirodueing cotton, corn, and the grains generally. Tim- 
ber of various descriptionsabundanl, especially on the rivers. 
Farms l.liCD ; nianuf. 24 ; dwell, 1,408, and pop.— wh. S,45oj 
fr. col. 10, 8l. 1,221— total 9,6S1. fny>*/i.- Fayette. 

Fatette county, (?,/. Situate centrally, and contains 280 
Bq. m. Drained by the he.-id tributaries of Flint r., which r. 
has its rise in the hills in the N. part of this co. In the s! 
the surface is level, but occTsionally diversified. Sod rich 
and productive. Cotton, Indian corn, wheal, etc.. are the 
principal staples. Farms 81S : manuf. 6 ; dwell. 1,1!)C, and 
pop.— wh. f,,-4(l, fr. col. 4, si. 1,905-tolal 8,709. Cttjnlal : 
Fayetteville, l;ddia Worte: Macon and Western l:. E. ; 
La Grange 11. K,, etc. 

Fateite county, III. Situate S. centrally, and contains 
648 sq. m. Di-ained by aDluents of Kaskaskia r., which 
nins through it, on which r. the lands are subject to inun- 
dation, and frequently retain the waters in the hollows. 
Surface generally level, being prairie and woodlan.l inter- 
mixed: around Vandalia it is undulating. Farms 8'.'C ; 
nianuf. 4; dwell. 1,431, and pop.— wh. 8,027, fr. col. 48— 
total 8,075. Capital: \s.nd:\na. Public irocfe; Illinois 
Central K. U. ; Mississippi and Atlantic K. E., etc, 

Fatetie county, InJ. Situate E. middle, and contains 
210 sq. m. Drained principally by W. fork of White Water 
r., which flows from N. to S. Uirough the co. Surfiice roll- 
Ing or level, with e.\tensive bottoms densely limbered. 
Soil everywhere fertile. Pork, beef, and flour are the chief 
staples. Farms 95G ; manuf. 116 ; dwell. 1,818, and pop — 
wh. 1(1.14.',, (r. col. 7'2-lolal 10,217. aipiua ; ConnersviUe 
riMic Wm-l.-.i: White Water Canal ; Junction E. I;., ete. 

FAYErrE county, la. Situate N. E.. and c.ntai'ns 720 
sq. ni. Drained in the N. and middle by Turkey r. and its 
trjbutarics, and in the S. by the head branches of Wapsi- 
pimcon r. Surface level prairie, iule'rmi.ved with wno<lland 
Boils deep and fertile. Farms S ; manuf. ; dwell. 16.'! and 
pop.-wh. 825, fr. col. 0-total 825. CajnUd : West Tnion 
Fay-ette county, Kij. Situate cenlrallv, and contains 2so 
sq. m. Drained by several affluents of Elkhorn r., a tribu- 
tary of the Kentucky, which river also in part forms the 
S. L. border of tlie county. Surface elevated, inclining on 
all Sides toward Kentucky r. Soils rich and fertile, pro- 
ducmg immense grain crops, hemp and flax, tobacco, etc. 
The CO, has also a large manufacturing interest. Farms 
.99; mantif. 156; dwell. 2,089, and pop.-wh. 11.180 fr eof 
660, si. 10,8S9-total 22.735. Ca,ntal : Lexington, ruhlic 
Tturhs: Lexington and Frankfort E. E. ; and railroads 
(projected) to Covington and Mavsville, on the Ohio E E 
and also to N.asm-ille, Tenn., etc, ' '' 

Favktte county, Ohio. Situate toward the S W ecu- 
irally. and contains 416 sq. m. Drained bv Eattlc-snake 
cr., Paint cr., and Deer cr., their tributaries. Surface gen- 
erally level; soUs fertile. Farms 1,007; nianuf, -29; dwell 
2,l,5o, and pop.-wh. 12,456, fr col. 270-total 12 726 Cup- 
ttal: Washington. PuUlc Work^ : Cincinnati, Steuben- 
ville, and Pittsburg E, E,, etc. 

Favetie county, P«,,n.. Situate S, W., and contains S''4 
sq. m. Drained by tributaries of Toughiogenv r. and the 
Monongahela. the latter r. forming the W. boundarv. The 
Laurel Mountain lies on the E. I,„rdcr. and renders the 
8ur,ace in that direction hilly and rough, but the soil is fer- 
tile and well cultivated. Coal an.l iron ore abound, and 
salt springs are tbund in several parts; there are also sul- 



phur springs. At the Ohiopilo Falls the Youghiogeny 
descends 60 feet in the distance of a mile. The agriculturiU 
pro<luels consist chiefly of wheat, Indian corn, etc., and 
largo quantities of bituminous coal are annually mined 
Numerous furnaces, forges, and rolling mills are in opera- 
tion, also glass factories aud potteries, with several other 
staple manufacturing establishments. Farms 2.139 ; manut 
'282 ; dwell, 0,597, and pop.-wh. 37,443, fr, col. 1,669— total 
S9,11'2. Capital: Union Town. 

Fayette county, 7i>.c. Situate S, centrally, and contains 
1,160 sq. m. Drained chielly by Colorado r. and its tributa- 
ries—in the S. and S. W. by the head branches of Navidad 
r. and Peach cr.tlie latter an affluent of Guadalupe r. Sur- 
face remarkably diversifled- in the E. undulating, in the 
middle hilly, alternating with broad plains, and in the W. 
level, hielining to the S. W. The prairies of this co. are not 
extensive, but are interspersed with islets of timber, and 
alternate with the forests of the numerous streams. Soil, a 
rich sandy loam, from 10 to 20 feet deep, and resting on a 
stratum of sand-stone. Gypsum, lignite, etc., are found in 
abundance. Farms 209; manuf 6 ; dwell. 494, and pop.- 
wh. 2,740, fr. col. 0, si. 1,016— total 3,756. Capital: La 
Grange. 

Fayette county, Teiw. Situate S. W., and contains 576 
sq. m. Drained by Loosahatchee and Wolf rivers and their 
affluents. Surface undulating, and consisting chiefly of 
prairie, but with extensive woodlands. Soils well adapted 
for general agriculture, producing wheat, Indian corn, oats, 
etc., abun.lanlly, cotton, and some tobacco. Large num- 
bers of live-stock are also owned in the co. Farms 1,172 ; 
manuf 29; dwell. 1,951, and pop.-wh. 11,420. fr. col ss' 
si. 1,5,204-total 20,719. Capital: Somerville. Public 
Wori:s: Memidiis and Cliarleslon E. E., with a branch to 
Somerville. 

FAYErrE county, Vir-ff. Situate W., and contains 920 
sq. m. Drained by New r., a main co.istituenl, and other 
tribuUiries of Great Kanawha r. Clear and Marsh Forks 
of Cool r. also rise in lids co. Surface mountainous ; soU 
sandy loam. On New r., 2 m. from Fayetteville, is Long 
Point, which projects into the stream ; its toji consists of a 
flat rock of 2 acres in extent, and elevated 1,500 feet above 
the level (.f the water ; and 6 m. from the v. is Hawk's Nest, 
or Marshall's Pillar, a naked, perpendicular rock, 1,100 feet 
high. There are several interesting remains of ancient 
forliflcations in the vicinity. The agricultural staples are 
Uie grains and animal products, the hills being line pasture 
lands. Farms 4'2S; manuf. 7; dwell. 69-3, and pop.-wh. 
3.7-2, fr. col. 17, si. 150— total 3,955. Capit<il : FayettevUle.' 
Fayette, p. v., and cap. Fayette co., Ala. : on the W. 
side of, and about 2 m. fr.>m, Sipsey r., an affluent of the 
Toniliigbee. 123 m, N. W. Montgomery. It contains a court- 
house, jail, and about SO dwellings. 
Fayette, p. v., Greene CO., Ill: 43 m. S. W. Springfield. 
Fayeite, t. and p. o., Kennebec co., J/e. ; IS ni.W. N.W. 
Augusta. Drained by a branch of Sandy r.. and in the E. 
Uicre are several large and beautiful (.onds which empty 
into the Kennebec r. Surface rolling ; soil adapted alike for 
grain and grass. The v. lies near the centre. Pop. 1,085. 
Fayette, p. v., and cap. .Jefferson co., Mist. : S. of Coles 
cr., of the Mississippi, 67 m. S. W. .Jackson. Pop. 460. 

FAVmTK, p. v., and cap. Howard co., 3/o.: on the W. 
side of Eonne Femnie cr., an affluent of Mi[*souri r., 49 m. 
N. W. Jefferson City. It contains a court-house, co. jail, 
etc., and is the scat of a United Slates' land oflSce, and of 
Fayette College, which in 1850 had 2 professors and 75 stu- 
dents. Pop. about 800. A newspaper, the " Missouri Dem- 
ocrat," is issued weekly. 

Fayette, t. and p. v., Seneca county, A'! y. : 187 m. W. 
Albany. Seneca Lake makes its W., and Cayuga Lake its 
E. boundaries; and several tributaries of Seneca r., which 
flows on its N. border, drain the interior, and afford water- 
power. Gypsum and limestone abound. The t. has several 
tanneries, mills, etc., and 3 784 inhabitants. 

21S 



FAY 



FEN 



Fatette, t. and p. o., Alleghany co,, Penn.: 177 m, W. 
Harrisburg. Drained by branches of Charlier's er. Surface 
hilly ; soil a rich loam ; coal and iron are abundant. The 
town has several mills. 

Fayette, p. v., La Fayetlo county, Wise: 49 in. S. W. 
Madison. 

Favettk CoE?fqp, p. o., Fayette co., Tenn. : in tho N. E. 
comer of the co., 129 m. "W. 8. W. Nashville. 

Fayette Spuings, p. o., Fayette county, Penn.: 167 m. 
"W. S. W. Harrisburg. 

Fatetteville, p. v., Talladega co., Ala. : on the E. side 
fif Coosa r., 49 ni. N. Montgoniery. It is a thriving v., and 
has a considerable river trade and about 600 inhabitants. 

Fayetteville, p. v., and cap. Washington co., Ark. : on 
the left bank of White r., UG ni. W. N. W. Little Itock, It 
contains a court-house, etc., a United States' land office, and 
several stores. Pop. 69S. 

FAYErrFVTLLE, p. V., and cap. Fayette co., Ga. : on a 
branch of Flint r., 7S m. W. N. W. Milledgevitle. It con- 
tains a court-house and other co. buildings, about 70 dwell- 
ings, and 300 inhabitants. 

Fayetteville, p. v., and cap. Cumberland co., N. Car. : 
on the W. side of, aud 1 in. fmm, Cape Fear r., and at tho 
head of uninterrupted boat navigation, 49 m. S. Ealeigh, 
Lat. 35<^ 03' N., antl long. 79° 58' W. It is one of the large 
towns of the State, is regularly laid out with streets 100 feet 
wide, and has a court-house and other co. buildings, three 
banks, and a United States' arsenal of construction. Its 
trade in flour, tobacco, and naval stores, is considerable. 
Three newspapers, tlie '• Nt>rth Carolinian" (dem.), the " F. 
Observer" (whig), and the " Communicator'' (temperance), 
are published weekly, and have respectable circulations. 
Its manufactures are extensive, consisting of cotton mills, 
and flour, grist, saw. and oil mills, etc. Pop. in 1S20, 3,532 ; 
in 1830, 2,SG8 ; in 1840, 4,^;!S5; and in 1S50,4,64S. 

Fayettetille, p. v., Onondaga co., N'. Y. : on both sides 
of Limestone cr., a branch of Butternut cr. of the Chitte- 
nango, the last of which falls into Oneida Lake, distant 112 
m. W. Albany. The Erie Canal passes a little N. of the 
Tillage. It Is a place of considerable trade, and has about 
600 inhabitants. 

Fayetteville, p. v.. Brown co., OJdo: on the E. fork of 
Little Miami r., 72 m. S. W. Columbus. Pop. 818. 

Fayetteville, p. v., Franklin co., Peyiii. : on the Gettys- 
burg and Chambersburg Turnpike, 46 m.y.W. Harrisburg. 

Fayetteville, p. v., and cap. Lincoln co., Tenn. : on tlie 
N. bank of Elk r., an affluent of Tennessee r., 69 m.S. by E. 
Nashville. It contains a court-house, several stores, and 
about 300 inhabitants, and has a newspaper, the "Lincoln 
Journal" (dem.), issued weekly. 

Fayetteville, p. v., and cap. Fayette co,, Yirg.: about 
2 m. W. of New r., 203 m. W. "by N. Ilichniond. It con- 
tains a court-house, several stores, aud about 300 inhab- 
itants. 

Fayetteville, p. v., St, Clair co., III. : on tho W. side of 
Kaskaskia r., 9S m. 9. Springfield. 

Fayeti'eville, p. v., Fayette county, Tex.: 56 m. S. E. 
Austin City. 

Fayetteville, p. v., and cap. "Windham co., Va^m.: on 
tlie W. side of West r. of the Connecticut, 91 m. S. Montpe- 
lier. It contains a court-house, jail, several mills and 
mechanic sliops, and about 800 inhabitants. 

Fayetteville, p. v., Lawrence co., Ind. : 63 m. S. by W. 
Indianapolis. 

Fayville. p. v., Kane co., III. : on the W. side of Fox r., 
B ra. below Elgin, 162 m. N. E. Springfield. 

FnAr.isG, t. and p. o.,Wasbinglon co., OMo : 83 m. E. S. E. 
Columbus. Drained by Duck r., which aflbrds water-power ; 
and the Muskingum r. makes a part of the W. boundary. 
Surface hilly and broken ; soil moderately fertile, and ex- 
cellent for grazing. 

Feaen's Springs, p. o., Winslow co., 2[i»s. : 94 m. N. E. 
Jackson. The " F. Democrat'' is published weekly. 
211 



Feasterville, p. v., Bucks county, Ftinn. : 97 m. E. 
Harrisburg. 

Feastep.\tlle, p. v Fairfield district, S. Car. : 33 m. N. 
Columbia. 

Featiiee river, Calif. : an affluent of the Sacramento. 

l-'EDEp.ALSituRGii, p. V., Caroline co., Md. : on the E. side 
of Marshy Hope cr., near the county line, 46 m. E. S. E. 
Annapolis. 

Fedebal Stoke, p. o., Duchess co., jV; }' ; 59 m. S. by E. 
Albany. 

Federaltox, p. v., Athens co., Ohio: at the confluence 
of Federal cr. with Hocking r., 74 m. S. E. Columbus. 

Feeding Hills, p. o., Hampden county, J/a.*s. ; 63 m. 
W. by S. Boston. 

Feed Spelsg, p. v., Harrison co., Ohio: 107 m. E. by N. 
CoUmibus. 

Fee Fee. p. o., St. Louis co.. Mo. : 97 m. E. Jefferson Cit)-. 
Situate about 3 m. S. of Missouri river. 

FEEinuRGu, p. v., Brown county, Ohio : 87 m. S. W. 
Columbus. 

FELcnviLLEj p. T., Wlndsof CO., Verni. : 59 m. S. by E. 
Montpelicr. 

Feliciana parish, East, La. Situate in the N.W. of tho 
Eastern District, and contains 560 sq. m. Drained by the 
upper branches of Arait6 r., and divided from West Felic- 
iana by Thompson's cr. of the Mississippi. Surface elevated, 
inclining to the S., aud somewhat rough. Soils eminently 
productive. Cotton is the great stajile. Farms 361 ; manuf. 
49; dwell. 712, and pop— wh. 4,001, fr. cA. 23. si. 9,514^ 
total 13,598. Capital: Jackson. Public Works: Clinton 
and Port Hudson K. K. 

Feliciana parish. West, la. Situate N. W. of the 
Eastern District, and contains 380 sq. m. The Mississippi r. 
makes its W. boundary, and Thompson's cr. demarks its E. 
line. Drained by Bayou Sara and numerous small bayoux 
and creeks falling into the Mississippi. Surface broken ; 
soils rich and fertile. Cotton is the staple crop. Farms 234 ; 
maiuif. 147 : dwell. 599, and pop.— wh. 2,473. fr. col. 106, si. 
10.666— total 13,245. Capital : St. Francisville. Ptibiio 
Work's : West Feliciana 11. II. 

Feliciana, p. v., Graves co., Ki/.: on the S. branch of 
Desh^ r., 2513 m. W. S. W. Frankfort. 

Felicity, p. v., Clermont co., OMo: about 8^ m. ft-om 
OJiio r.. 92 m. S.W. Columbus. It contains several mechanic 
shops, stores, etc., and about 400 inhabitants. The country . 
around is under the highest slate of cultivation. 

Felix, p. o., Morgan co., Mo,: on the Booneville and 
Versailles Turnpike, 41 m. W. by S. JelTerson City. 

Fellowsrip, p. o., Burlington co., N. Jer. 

Fellows^lle, p. v., Preston co., Virg.: 181 m. N. W. 
Kichmond. 

Feltonsville, p. v., Middlesex co., Mass.: on a branch 
of Concord r., 27 m. W. Boston. It is a considerable manu- 
facturing village, and the terminus of the Lancaster and 
Sterling Branch R. li., 9 m. from South Acton, and 34 from 
Boston by the Fltchburg K. K. 

Felt's Mills, p. o., Jefferson co., y. Y. : 136 m. X. W. 
Albany. 

Feltville, p. v., Essex county, iV. Jef: : 46 m. N. E. 
Trenton. 

Fem-me Osage, p. o., St. Charles co., Mo. : 67 m. E. by N. 
Jefferson City. 

Fenner, t. and p. o., Madison co., i^ Y. : 104 m.W. by N. 
Albany. Pop. 1.690. 

Fennersville, p. v., Monroe co., Penn.: 97 m. N. E. 
Harrisburg. 

Fennimore, t. and p. c, Grant co.. Wise. : 67 m. W. 
Madison. Drained by Blue r., Trout cr., and other streams 
flowing N. into Wisconsin r. It is a large tract of fins 
prairie and woodland intermixed, with an abundance of 
water-power. Pop. 654. 

Fenn's Bridge, Jefferson co., Ga.: on a branch of Ogee 
chee r., 8S m. E. Milledgeville. 



FEN 



FIS 



Feston, p. v., St. Louis co., Mo. : on the S. side of Mara- 
mec r., 9S m. E. Jeffersou City. 

Fentonville, p. v., Genesee co., Mich, : on the E. branch 
of Sliiawaaeee r.,4T m. E. Lansing. 

Fkktbess county, Tenn. Situate N. middle, and con- 
tains 420 sq. m. Drained in tlie W. by the forks of Obcy'a 
river, an<l in the E. by creeks of the 8. fork of Cumberland 
river, wliich demarks its boundary in that direction. Sur- 
face hilly and broken ; soils of average productiveness; 
timber abundant Farms 499; manuf.5; dwell. 707, and 
pop.— wh. 4.305, fr. col. 1, si. 14&— total 4,454. Capital: 
Jamestown. 

Ff.ntriss, p. v., Guilford co., H. Car. : 74 m. W. N. V»'. 
' EaMgh. 

FEiiniNAND, p. v., Mercer county, III.: 71 m. N. W. 
Sj)riiii:(iold. 

Fekpinand, p. v., Dnbois co., Ind.: 110 m. S. by W. 
Indianapolis. 

Fkkguson's CoENEBa, p. o., Yates co., K. Y.: 1C6 m. 
\V. by S. Albany. 

FEr.o>fiA, p. v., Telfiair co., Ga.: 106 m. S. Milledgeville. 

Ferris BrBGH, t, and p. v., Addison co., Ven7i. : 32 m. "W. 
Monlpelier. Drained by Otter, Little Otter, and Lewis 
creeks, which atford water-power. Otter cr. is navigable 
to Vergrnnes. S m. Lake Champlaiu bounds it on the W., 
and is here about 2 m. wide. Basin Harbor, in this to^^Ti, 
Is deep and well protected, and is a place of considerable 
navigation and commercial importance. Large quantities 
offish are taken annually from the lake and cured for mar- 
ket. The t. baa some manufacturi's, and its agricultural 
products are large and valuable. The principal v. lies in 
the central part of the t, and Uiere is a small v. at Ferris- 
burgh J^lalion, on the Rutland and Burlington K. P. 3,')7.'i. 

Fi-SSENDEN MiLis, p. o., liockingliam co., K. Hawp. 

Fetuerolffsville, p. o., Berks co., Penn. : 67 m. E. by N 
Harrisburg. 

I'lATT, p. v., Fulton CO., lU. : 79 m. N. "W. Springfield. 

Fiddle Poxd, p. o., Eamwell dist., S. Car. : 72 m. S. W. 
Columbia. 

FiDKUTT, p. v., Miami count\-, Ohio: 69 m. W, by N. 
Columbus. 

Fife, p. v., Jersey co., ///. ; 59 m. S. "W. Springfield. 

Fife's, p. o., Goochland co., Yirg. : at the Cross Koads, 
N. of James r., 33 m. W. by N. Kicbraond. 

Fion-riNG island, Mich.: one of the largest islands in 
Detroit Strait, midway between lakes Erie and Huron, and 
below the confluence of the Kouge. It contains about S sq. m. 

Fillmore, p.o., Dubuque co., la.: 73 m. N. E. Iowa City. 

Fillmore, p. o., Alleghany co., K. Y. : 214 m. W. S. "W'. 
Albany. 

FiLLMOEK, p. T., Porter county, Ind. : 131 m. N. "U'. 
Indianapolis. 

Fillmore, p. o., "Wasliington co., Ohio : 84 m. E. S. E. 
Columbus. 

FiLiJioRE, p. 0., Montgomery co., III. : on a head branch 
of Hurricane cr. of Kaskaskia r.,51 m. S. by E. Springfield. 

Fillmore, p. v., I'utnam co., Ind. : at the head of Deer 
cr. of Eel r., 32 m. W. by S. Indianapolis. 

Fillmore, p. o., Daviess county, JCi/. : 134 m. W. by S. 
Frankfort. 
I Fillmoee, p. 0., "Washington co., Wi^c: 63 m. E. N. E. 

I Madison. 

Fillmoee, p. o., Ilandolph county, Virg.: 169 m. N. Vi. 
Eicbmond. 

Fii.LMorE, p. o., Monmouth co., ..V; Jer. : 29 ra. E. Trenton. 

Fillmore, p. v., Cleveland co., Ji. Car.: 15S ni.W. by S. 
Ealoigh. 

Fillmore, p. o., Andrew county. Mo. : 177 m. W. N. W. 
JefTersfin City. 

Fillmore, p. o., Centre county. Penn.: 72 m. N. W. 
Harrisburg. 

Fillmore City. p. o.. and cap. Millard co., Utah Ter.^ and 
capital of the Territory. 



Fillmoee, p. o., Bledsoe co., Tenn. : 104 m. E. by & 
Nashville. 

FiNCASTtE, p. v.. Crown county, Ohio : 73 m. S. W. 
Columbus. Pop. 14.\ 

FiNOASTLE, p. v., Campbell co., Tenn.: 159 m. E. by N* 
Nashville. 

Fi.NCAsTLE, p. v., Putnam co., Ind.: 42 m. "W. by i 
Indianapolis. 

FiNCASTLE, p. v., and cap. Botetourt co., Virff. : in the 
Valley of Cahawba cr., an affluent of James r., 137 m. W. 
Richmond. It contains a court-house and other co. builds 
ings, four churches, various mills and mechanic shops, imj 
about 800 inhabitants. Two newspapers, the " F. Demi>- 
erat," and the "Valley Whig," are published weekly. 

FI^■cu^^LLE, p. v., Orange co., X K ; S9 ra. S. by W. 
Albany. 

Fine Forks, p. o., Person co., iV. Car.: 61 m. N. W. 
Ealeigh. 

Fine's Creek, p. o., Haywood co., I^. Car. : on a cr. of 
Big Pidgeon so called, 24S ra. W. Kaleigh. Big Pidgeoa 
is an aflbient of French Broad, and Tennessee rivers. 

F^NGEp_s^^LLE, p. v., Spartuuburgh dist., S. Car.: 76 n^ 
N. W. Columbia. 

FiNKsr.uEou, p. v., Carroll co., Md.: on the W. side of 
the N. branch of Palapsco r., 4S ra. N. N. AV. Annapolis. 

FiNLEY. t., p. v., and cap. Hancock county, Ohio: 81 m, 
N. N. W. Columbus. Drained by Eagle and other creeks, 
afHuenIs of Blunchard's Fork of Auglaize r., which runs 
E. to W. through it. Surface diversified ; soils of average 
productiveness. The v. lies on the S. side of Blanchard'a 
Fort, and contains a court-house, jail, several stores and 
mechanic shops, and about 1,25S Populat. Three news- 
papers are published liere, the "Democratic Courier,'* tho 
" Hnncoek Whig,-' and the "Hancock Journal" (whig), all 
issued weekly. Tlie Finley Branch li. U. extends hence 
E. by S., to Carey, on the Mad River and Lake Erie K. IL, 
IG miles. Pop. of 1 2,034. 

FiNLEY, p. v., Greene co., Mo. : on a branch of Finley cr., 
57 m. P. S. W. Jefferson City. 

FiNLEYVTLLE, p. V., "Washington co., Penn.: 179 m. W, 
Harrisburg. 

Finney Mills, p. o., Amelia co., Yirg.: 88 m. S. W. 
Eicbmond. 

Fire islands, K. Y.: are a cluster of small islands in tha 
Great South Bay of Long Island. 

Fire-place, p. v., Suffolk co., N. Y.: on the N. of Fir^ 
place Bay, an arm of the Atlantic Ocean, 133 m. 8. E» 
Albany. 

Fire-place bay, N. Y.: an indentation of Great South 
Bay of Long Island. 

Fire-steel river, Mich. : a stream running into Lake 
Superior out of tho Ontonagon. It has its source in the 
Porcupine Mountains of the Upper Peninsula. 

First Fork, p. o., Clinton co., Penn. 

Fiskr's Cross Eoajjs, p. o., Eobertson co., Tenn. : 31 m. 
N. W. Nashville. 

Fisii Creek, p. o., Steuben co., Ind.: near the S. line of 
the CO. on Fish er, a tributary of St. Joseph r. of the Ma» 
race, 136 ni. N. E. Indianapolis. 

Fisii Creek, p. o., Marshall co., Virg. : on Fish cr., a 
tributary of Ohio r., 22S ra. N. W. Eicbmond. 

Fish creek, N. Y. : the ouUet of Saratoga Lake, and 
emptying into llie Hudson r. at Schuylerville, where are 
located several mills and factories. 

Fish creek, K. Y. : rises in Lewis co., and empties into 
Wood's cr. in Oneida co. It is navigable for boats for a few 
miles from its mouth, and is a good mill-stream, on which 
are located several factories, etc. 

FisnDAM, p. v.. Wake co., K. Car. : 22 m. S.W. Kaleigh. 

FisHDAM, p. v.. Union dist.. S. Car. : on the W. side of 
Broad r., 61 m. N. W. Columbia. 

Fisher's, p. o., Catawba county, N. Car. : 143 m. W 
Eideigh- 

Slfi 



FIS 



FLA 



FisHERSBtniGn, p. 0., Franklin county, Virg.: 145 m. 
W. by 8. llichmond. 

Fisher's island, JV! Y.: lies off the E. end of Long Island, 
H m. from shore. It is 8 m. long and 1 m. wide. The 
surface is varied, and soil very productive. 

FisHEitsviLi.E, p. v., Windham co,, Caun. : on French r., 
B branch of the Quinnebaiig. 42 ra. E. by N. Hartford. It 
has considerable manufactures, and the v. is intersected by 
tie Norwich and Worcester R. II.. 3S m. N. from Norwich. 
FisHERSviLLE, p. V., Merrimac county, iV^ Ifump. : at 
the Junction of Contoocook and Merrimac rivers, 7 m. 
N. N.W. Concord. The Northern E. K. passes through the v. 
FisHERSViLLK, p. v.. Augusta CO., Virff. : on a small trib- 
nlary of the S. Branch of I'otomac r., 4 m. E. by S. of Staun- 
ton, and 91 m. W. N. W. Kichmond. 

FisiiERviLLE, p. v., Jefferson county, A>. ; 51 m. W. 
Frankfort. 
FisHERViLLE. p. v., Dauphin co., Penn. 
Fishing Creek, p. o., Cape May co., JV. Jer. : 76 m. S. 
Trenton. Fishing cr. is a small strearn about 5 ra. long, 
emptying into Delaware Bay. 

Fishing Creek, t. and p. o., Columbia co., Peim. : OS m. 
N. by E. Harrisburg. Drained by Fishing cr. of Susque- 
hanna river. Surface mountainous ; soil, clay and gravel. 
Pop. 1.114. 

Fisn House, v., Fulton co., X. Y.: on fiacandaga r., a 
branch of Hudson r., G7 m. N.W. by N. Albany. It contains 
several stores, and about 40 dwellings. Sir William Johnson 
made the settlement at this point for the purpose of fishing 
and trading with tJie Indians. 

FiSHKiLL, t. and p. v., Duchess county, N. Y. : 77 m. S. 
Albany. Drained by Fishkill and Wappinger's creeks of 
Hudson r. Surface diversified— in the S. mountainous: 
soil fertile. It has several convenient landine:s on the 
Hudson. Fishkill v. lies on Fishkill er.,5 m. from Fishkill 
Landing, and contains about 1,UU0 inhabitants. There are 
several woolen and cotton factories, and numerous saw, 
flouring, and grist mills, and a newspaper, the "F. Stand- 
ard," is issued weekly. Top. 9.243. The Hudson Biver 
E. R., and the Hartford, Providence, and Fishkill R. R. 
passes through Uiis town. 

FisiiKii.L Landing, p. v.. Duchess co., 2^^. Y. : at the 
mouth of Fishkill cr., 79 m. S. Albany, and opposite New- 
burg, with which it is connected by a steam ferry. The 
creek has tine watcr-]iower, and along its banks are several 
extensive manufactories, as foundries, mechanic shops, etc. 
It contains about 1,400 inhabitants. The Hartford, Provi- 
dence, and Fishkill 11. It. has its W. terminus at this point, 
and connects, by means of the ferry, with the New York 
and Erie B. B.. thus furnishing a link in the chain of rail- 
roads that run from the extremities of New England to and 
beyond the Mississippi r. and the great lakes. 

FisnKiLL Plains, p. o., Duchess co., X. Y. : in the town 
of East Fishkill, 75 m. S. by E. Albany. 

Fishkill mountains. Duchess county, X. Y. (called, also, 
Matteawan Mountains): a continuation of the Highlands 
through which the Hudson r. passes— a range which con- 
tinnes N., under different names, to the Green Mountains 
of Vermont. 

Fishkill (or Matt^awan) creek, Duchess county, K Y. : 
rises in the centre of the co., and passing by the manufac- 
turing villages of Glenheim, Matt^awan, Fishkill, etc., 
empties into the Hudson r. 

Fisn Pond, p. v., Tallapoosa county, Ala. : 54' m. N. E. 
Montgomery. 

Fish Port, p. o.. Rock Island co., III. : on Rock r., 122 m. 
N.N. W.Springfield. 

Fisu Trap, p. o., Baker county, Get. : 146 m. S. S. W. 
Milled gevi lie. 

FisKBURGii, p. v., Kenton co., ^v* " on the W. side of 
Licking r., 51 m. N. N. E. Frankfort. 

FiBKEDALE, p. o., Worccstcr CO., Masa. : 59 m. W. S. W. 
Boston. 

ai6 



FiSKEviLLE, p. v., Providence co., li. I. : on the N. side 
of Pawtuxet r., 11 m. S. W. Providence. It is a place of 
considerable manufacturing industry. 

Fisk's Corkebs, p. o., Winnebago co., Wise. : S^m. N. E, 
Madison. 

FiTCii, p. o., Cass CO., Ind. : 71 m. N. by W. Indianapolis, 

FrrcHBURGii, t. and p. v., Worcester county, J/tiss. .• 42 m. 
W. N.W.Boston. Drained by a large branch oi Nashua r., 
and two smaller streams, which furnish immense water- 
power, and on which are numerous large manufacturing 
esUiblishments. Surface diversified and somewhat hilly; 
soil of average fertility. In the immediate vicinity of the v. 
of Fitchburg is an immense quarry of excellent granite. 
The manufactures embrace woolen and cotton goods, paper, 
boots, etc It is *me of those towns of New England that 
have forced tliemselves into prosperity by local advantages, 
and is now one of the chief centres of the railroad network 
of the country ; hence diverge the Fitchburg R. R. to Boston, 
the Worcester and Fitchburg R. B. to Worcester, and the 
Vermont and Massachusetts R. R. to Greenfield— these, 
with their connections, extending to every part of the Union 
and the Canadas. The "Fitchburg SenliueP' is issued 
weekly. Population in 1S30, 2,109 ; in 1S40, 2,604; and in 
1S50, 5,009. 

FiTriincEon, p. v., Dane co., ir/*c. ; 10 m. S. Madison. 

FiTciiviLLE, t. and p. v., Huron co., Ohio : S4 m. N. N. E. 
Columbus. Drained by a branch of Vermillion r. Surface 
diversified, and somewhat hilly; soil fertile, and well culti- 
vated. The jirincipal v. is situate on the r. near the centre 
of the t.. and contains about 300 inhabitants. Filchvillo 
was settled and is chiefly occupied by industrious emigrants 
from the New England Stales. Pop. 1,17S. 

FiTZ Henry, p. v., Conway county, Ark. : 41 m. N. W. 
Little Bock. 

FiTZ Henry, p. o., Seneca county, Ohio: 81 m. N. 
Columbus. 

FiTz Henry, p. o., Westmoreland co., Pemi. : 133 m. W. 
Harrisburg. 

FiTZ Henry, p. o.. Ogle county, III. : 153 m. N. by E. 
Springfield. 

FiTz William, t. and p. v., Cheshire co., iK ffamp. : 46 
m. S. W. Concord. Drained by Priests and Camp Brooks, 
and there are several ponds of considerable size in the 
town. Surface hilly ; soil rocky and stubborn ; but thero 
are considerable meadows which are very productive. Gap 
Mf'untain lies on the N. E. boundary, on which are found 
fine whetstones. The v. lies near tlie centre, and is inter- 
secteil by the Cheshire R. R. Pop. oft. 1,4S2. 

Five CoKSEr.s, p. o., Cayuga county, K. Y. : 142 m. W. 
Albany. 

Fm: Mile, p. o., Brown county, Ohio : 69 m. S. "W. 
Columbus. 

Five Mile, p. v., Pickens dist, S. Car. : on a cr. so called, 
122 m. N. W. Columbia. 

Five Points, p. o., Venango CO., /Vn-n..: 171 m.W.N.W 
Harrisburg. 

Flackville, p. v., St. Lawrence co., K Y. : 152 m.N.W 
Albany. 

Flaoq Spring, p. o., Campbell co., Xi/. : 63 m. N. N. E. 
Frankf.irt. 

Flaqgtown, p. v., Somerset co., 2/. Jer. : 20 m. N. E. 
Trenton. 

Flagstaff, p. o,. Somerset co., ^fe. 

Flanders, p. v.. Morris co., 3^ ,7(?r.; at the E. foot of Schoo- 
ler's Mountain. 47 m. N. by E. Trenton. It contains about 
30 dwellings, and 160 inhabitants. 

Flanders, p. v., Suffolk co., jV. Y.: on the S. side of 
Little Peconic Bay, 133 m. S. S. E. Albany. It contains 
15 or 20 dwellings. 

Flat, p. o., Piko co., Ohio: 62 m. S. Columbus. 

FLATDKita. p. v.. Irwin co., Ga. : on Flat cr. of AllapahaW 
river, 102 m. S. Milledgeville. 

Flatbeook, p. o., Columbia co., 2^. Y 



FLA 



FLI 



Flatbrookville, p. v., Sussex co., iV: Jer,: 73 m. N. 
TrcntoQ 

FLATBusn, t. and p. v., Kings county, JS''. 5' ; 126 m. S. 
Albany. Surface diversified, but generally level ; soil, light 
loam and sand, well cultivated. The v. is pleasantly situate 
on a plain, 4 m. K. Brooklyn, and contains 3 churches, 
an academy, known as Erasmus Hall, an old and flourishing 
institution, several stores, and about 80 dwellings. The pop. 
of the town, 3.176. Near the N.W. boundary of the town, 
the disastrous battle of Flalbush or Long Island was fought 
in 177C. 

Flat Creek, p. o., Montgomery co., A*! K 

Flat Creek, p. c, Lowndes county, Ga. : 146 m. S. 
Milledgeville. 

Flat Crfek. p. o., Bedford co., Tenn.: on a cr. of Duck 
river so calk-d, 52 m. S. S. E. Nashville. 

Flat Heap lake, Oreg. Ter. : a considerable body of 
■water at the "W. side of the Kooky Mountains, in about lat. 
47° 30' N., and the source ofa main branch of Flat Head or 
Clarke's r., a tributary of the Columbia. 

Flat Head (or Clarke's) river, Oreg. Ter.: rises by sev- 
eral head streams ou the AV. side of the liocky Mountains, 
and after a course of 260 m., joins the Columbia r. above 
Fort Colville. 

Flatlanps, t and p. v., Kings county, K. Y. : 128 m. S. 
Albany. This town includes Barren Island and several 
others lying otT the sea-coast. Surface level ; soil, sand and 
sandy loam. The village, about G m. from Brooklyn, con- 
tains about 30 dwellings. Pop. of town 1,155. 

Flat LrrK, p. o., Claiborne par.. La. : on Flat Lick 
Bayou, a tributary of Bayou Dorcheat, 216 m. N. W. Baton 
Bouge. 

Flat Lick. p. o.. Knox co., Ki/. : on a cr. so called, 103 
m. S. E. Frankfort. 

Flat Eiver. p. o., Kent co., 3fich. : on Flat r., a tributary 
of Grand r.. 4.3 ra.W. N.'W. Lansing. Flat r. (or Co-roh-au- 
qnosh) rises in two small lakes in Mecosta co., flows llirough 
Montcalm, Ionia, and Kent coimtios, and discharges its 
waters into Grand r. in the t. of Lowell. It is S rods wide 
at its moufi, shallow, and the country on its borders is hilly 
and broken. 

Flat Kock. p. o., Henry county, Ga. : on the "W. side of 
Ocmulgee r., 67 m. "W. N.W. Milledgeville. 

Flat Bock, p. o., Shelby co., I/id. : on Flat Bock cr., a 
tributary of White r., 33 ra. S. E. Indianapolis. 

Flat Bock, p. o., Bourbon county, Ki/. : on Elkhom cr. 
an affluent of Kentucky r., 4P> m. E. by S. Frankfort. 

Flat Bock, p. o., Cape Girardeau co.. Mo. : 153 m. S.W. 
Jefferson City. 

Flat Bock, p. o., Henderson county, 2^. Car. : on Flat 
Bork cr., a tributary of French Broad r., 217 m. TV. S. W. 
Baleigh. 

Flat Bock, p. o,, Seneca co., Ohio: 79 m. N. Columbus. 

Flat Bock, p. o., Kershaw dist., S. Car. : 41 ra. N. N.W. 
Columbia. 

Flat Bock, p. o., Powhatan co., Virg. : 23 m. W. by S. 
Biehmond. 

Flat Bock, p. o., Crawford co., III.: 115 m. E. S. E. 
Springfield. 

Flat Suoals, p. o., Meriwether co., Ga. : on Flint r., 78 
m.W. Milledgeville. 

Flat Woods, p. o., Fayette co., Pemi. : 159 m. W. by S. 
Ilarrisburg. 

Flat Woods, p. o., Braxton co.,Virg.: 192 m.W. N. W. 
Bichmond. 

Fleetville, p. v., Luzerne county, Perm. : 97 m. N. E. 
Harrisburg. 

Fleet\vood Academy, p. o.. King and Queen co., Virg. : 
29 m. E. N. K. Birbmoud. 

Fleming county, A'y. Situate N. E.. and contains 4?0 
sq. m. Drained by affluents of Licking r., which makes its 
S. W. boundary. Surface in the E. and S. mountainous — 
nihcrwise undulating ; Boils calcareous and very fertile, un- 



derlined with limestone. Both agriculture and manufactures 
are here in a prosperous condition. Farms 1,211; manuf. 
9Q; dwell. 1,9*3, and pi>p.— wh. 11,62>;, fr. col. 147, si. 2,139 
— total 13,914. Capital: Fleniingsburg. Public Works: 
Lexington and Maysville E. B. 

Fleming, p. v., Livingston co., Midi.: 37 m. E. by S. 
Lansing. 

Fleming, t. and p. v., Cayuga co., A^. Y. : 113 m.W. by N. 
Albany. Drained by Owasco Lake, which makes its E. bor- 
der. Surface undulating; soil, clay loam, and very pro- 
ductive. The V. contains about 150 inhabitants. Pop. of 
town 1,193. 

Fleming, p. v.. Centre county, Pejin. : 63 m. N. W. 
Harrisburg. 

Fleming's, p. o., Shelby county, Ind. : 28 m. S. E. 
Indianapolis. , 

Fleming's, p. o., Weakley co., Teiin. : 113 m.W. by N. 
Nashville. 

Flemingsburgh, p. v., and cap. Fleming county, Ki/. : on 
Stockton Bun, about 1 m. from its confluence with Flem- 
ing cr. of Licking r., 71 m. E.by N. Frankfort. It contains 
a flue brick court-house, etc., and about 600 inliabitanls. 

Flemingsville, p. v., Tioga co., A'i Y. : about 5 m. 
N. by E. Owego, and 9B m. W. S. W. Albany. It is a 
tbriving village of 400 inhabitants. 

Flemington, p. v., Wake co., 2^. Car. : 12 ra. N. W, 
Baleigh. 

Flemington, p. v., and cap. Hunterdon co.. A'". Jer. : in 
a mountain valley, 23 m. N. by W, Trenton. It contains a 
stone court-house, undt-r which is the co. jail; about SO 
dwellings, and about 600 inhabitants. Two newspapers, 
the " Hunterdon County Democrat" (dein.), and the " Hun- 
terdon County Gazette'' (whig), are published weekly. A 
branch of the Belvidere iJelaware R. It. will extend hence 
to Lambertville, on the Delaware. 

Flhmisqton, p. v., Marlon co., Flor. : a few miles W. of 
Orange Lake, 10'.* m. S. E. Tallahassee. 

Fletchek. p. v., Miami co., Ohio: on a branch of Miami 
river, 61 ni. W. by N. Columbus. It contains several me- 
cbftnic shops, and about 250 inhabitants. 

Fletcuer, t. and p. o., Franklin county, Venn. : 85 m. 
N. N. AY. Montpelier. Drained by branches of Lamoille 
and Missisqui rivers. Surface broken ; soil indifl'erenU 
Tlie V. lies ou an affluent of Lamoille r. Pup. of t. 1,0S4. 

Flewellin's Cross Loads, p. o., De Soto co., Miss. 

Flicksville, p. v., Northampton co., Penn. : 79 m. N. E. 
Harrisburg. 

Flint, p. o., Cherokee Nation, Ind. Ter. : on Flint cr., a 
branch of Illinois r. of the Arkansas, N. of Tah-le-quah. 

Flint, t.,p. v., and cap. Genesee co.,J/ic7/. ; 46m.E.N. E. 
Lansing. Drained by Flint r. and its tributaries. Surface 
diversified — chiefly prairie ; soils rich and produolive. The 
town has large water-power. The v. is situated ou Flint r., 
and is a flourishing place of some 400 inhabitants. It con- 
tains a court-house, jail, etc., and has several factories, me- 
chanic shops, and stores ; and also two newspapers, the 
'^F. Bepublican" (dem.), and the " Genesee Whig," both 
issued weekly. The United States' road passes through 
the village. Pop. of t.3,304. 

Flint, p. o., Steuben co., Incl. : 146 m. N. E. Indianapolis* 

Flint Ckeek, p. o., Ontario county, X. Y. : on a cr. so 
called, 167 m. W. Albany. 

Flint Creek, p. o., Harrison co.. Miss. : on a branch of 
Bed cr. of Pascagoula r. so called, USm. S. S. E. Jackson. 

Flint Creek, p. o., Lake co., ///. ; on a cr. so called, 1S8 
m. N. E. Springfield. Lake Zurich, a beautiful sheet of 
water of 800 acres, lies immediately N, W. of the site. 

Flint Gap, p. o., Knox co., Tenn.: 163 m. E. Nashville. 

Flint Hill, p. o., St. Charles co., 3Io. : on a small afflu- 
ent of Biviere au Cuivro, 73 m. E. N. E. Jefferson City. 

Flint Hill, p. o., Bappahannock county, Virg. : 93 m. 
N. N. W. Bichmond. 

Flint Island, p. o., Mead countv, Ki/. : 89 m. W. by 9, 

2U 



FLI 



FLO 



Frankfort. Flint Island lies in the Ohio r., on the Kentucky 
Bide, about 2 m. below the v. of Concordia. 

Flint Ridge, p. o., Lancaster district, S. Car.: 6T m. 
N. by E. Columbia. 

Flint river, Ga.: a constituent of Appalachicola r. It 
rises by several head branches on the S. slope of the Alle- 
ghany Mountains in Campbell and De Kalb counties, and 
has a course generally S. for about 300 m. to its confluence 
T\*ilh Chattahoochee r. on the X. line of Florida, where it is 
6 feet deep and 450 feet wide. Steamboats coroo up to 
Bainbridge, 50 m. from its mouth. 

Fltxt river, Mich. : a principal branch of Saginaw r., 
which it joins 30 ni. from its mouth. It is about 100 m. long, 
and aflr()nl^, wilh its branches, immense water-power, and 
boats ascen(i it (or a distance of 20 ra. from its mouth. 

Flint Hulk, p. o., Catawba co., J^.^Car. : on the S. side 
of Catawba r., 18S m. W. Kaleigh. 

Flint's Mills, p. o., "Washington county, Ohio: on Little 
Muskingum r., 97 m. E. by S. Columbus. 

Flint Spring, p. o., Bradley co., Tenn. : 131 m. S. E. 
Nashville. 

Flintville, p. T., Marion dist., S. Car. : 126 m. E. by N. 
Columbia. 

Flipi'os, p. o., Caroline co., Virg. : 46 ni. N. Eichmond. 

Flora, p. o.. Smith co., The. .• 223 m. N. E. Austin City. 

Florencf., p. v., and cap. Lauderdale co., Afa.: on the 
N. bank of Teimessee r. immediately below Muscle Shoals, 
197 ra. N. W. Montgomer>". Its site is a plain. 300 feet 
above the river, which is here navigable, when full, for 
steamboats. The streets are 100 feet wide, and laid off at 
right nncrles. It contains a court-house, jail, a United States 
Surveyor General's Offlee, etc., several mechanic shops and 
factories, numerous stores, and about 1,170 inhabitants. A 
newspaper, the •' F. Gazette." is published weekly. It is 
eligibly situated for commerce, having a tine agricultural 
country around it, oC which it is the natural market, being 
at the head of steamboat navigation. It will also become a 
great railroad centre between the N. and S., and E. and "W., 
lines in those directions being in progress. 



Flobenoe, p. v., Stewart county, Ga. : on the"E. side of 
Chattahoochee r., 12T m. S. "W. Milledgeville. It is a flour- 
ishing village, and has considerable river trade and a large 
commercial connection with the interior. Pop. 600. 

Florence, p. v. Pike co., III. : on the W. side of Illinois 
river, 54 m. "SV. by S. Springfield. 

Florence, p. v., Boone co., Kr/. : 61 m. N. FrankforL 

Florence, p. v., Morgan co., Jfo. : on the S. fork of 
Riviere a la Mine, 46 m. W. Jefferson City. 

Florence, t. and p. o., St. Joseph's co., AficJi. : S m. S-W. 
Lansing. Drained by a tributary of St. Joseph's r., which 
affords mill-power. Surface direraiflcd ; soil deep and 
rich, producing^rain abundantly, and furnishing excellent 
pasture. 

Florence, t and p. o., Oneida county, ^V; Y, : 112 m. 
W. N.W. Albany. Drained by tributaries of Fish cr. Sur- 
face gently undulating; soil sandy loam. The v. is near 
the centre, and contains about 20 dwellings. The AYater- 
town and Rome It. It. touches upon the S. W. comer of tlio 
town. Pop. 2,575. 

Flobenoe, t and p. v., Erio co., O/u'o: 97 m. N. by E. 
Columbus. Drained by Yermilbon and other creeks of Lake 
Erie. Surface rough; soil generally fertile. Iron ore ia 
very abundant. The village, near the centre of the town, 
and also Birmingham, on the Yermillion, are both flourish- 
ing places. Pop. oft. 1,491. 

Florence, p. v., "NYashington co., Penn. : in the N. "W. 
part of the co., 192 m. ^Y. Ilarrisburg. It is a flourishing 
village of 600 inhabitants, and has a newspaper, the " F. 
Enterprize," published weekly. 

Florence, p. v., Switzerland county, Ind. : S3 m. S. E. 
Indianapolis. 

Florence, p. v., Fremont county, la. : 242 m. W. S. Vi. 
Iowa City. 

Florence, v., Louisa county, la. : on the Iowa r., 46 ra. 
S. S.E. Iowa City. It was in this vicinity that Black Hawk, 
the celebrated Indian Chief resided until 1SS2, and here 
rest the remains of his ancestors. 

Florid, p. o., Putnam co., III. : 122 m. N. by E.Springfleld. 



THE STATE OF FLORIDA. 

Flobtoa. tlie most southerly of the Atlantic States, consists of a long, narrow strip on the northern shore of the Gulf of 
Mexico, extending from the Atlantic coast to the River Perdido, and of a vast peninsula, 320 miles in length, and about 
150 miles broad, separating the Gulf of Mexico from the Atlantic Ocean. It lies generally between latitudes 25^ and ol^ 
nortli, and between longitudes 80° and 87° 45' west from Greenwich, or 2° 5S' and 10° 43' west from Washington, and 
comprises within its limits an area estimated at 53,7S6 square miles. 

The southern portion of Florida, from about 28° N. latitude, is an extensive marsh, which during the rainy season, 
between June and October, effectually prevents an overland passage from one shore to the other. North of this tract to 
Georgia, the surface of the country is generally a dead level, but in some parts it is undulating, and even presents some 
eminences worthy the name <»f hills. The face of the country, west of the neck of the peninsula, is somewhat more 
uneven, but it contains no considerable elevations. 

The Great Southern Marsh contains numerous tracts of pine land, prairies, and hummocks, and the more northerly 
part of the peninsula consists chiefly of flue forests, interspersed with hummocks, prairies, and marshes. The soil is 
generally sandy, except in the hummocks, in w hirh it is clay, mixed with sand. These hummocks are scattered through- 
out the country, and vary in extent from a few acres to thousands, but forming in the aggregate only a small portion 
of Uic whole surface. They are covered with a growth of red, live, and water oak, dog-wood, magnolia and pine, and 
afford, when cleared, excellent arable land. The prairies, or savannahs, as they are here called, are sometimes pretty 
extensive, stretching for several miles in length and breadth, and forming natural pastures. The barrens are overgrown 
with pine forests, with little underwood, and though the soil is generally indifferent, it is sometimes productive. The 
swamps or morasses, which form so conspicuous a feature in the country, are either formed by the inundations of Uic 
rivers, which, overflowing the high-wooded ridge that forms their banks, cover the lowlands in the rear with water, or 
Ihey are produced by the drainage of the surrounding country; the latt*.T, or pine-barren swamps, are overgrown with 
pine, cypress, and cypress knees; and the former, or river swamps, are covore<I with a heavy growth of various timber. 

The rivers of Florida are numerous, and they afford valuable navigable channels. The St. John's rises in the Great 
Southern Marsh, and reaches the ocean after a nortlieriy course of nr-arly .300 miles, in lat. -30° 20' north : for nearly lOi) 
miles from its moulli it fonns a wide, sluggish sheet of water, more resembling a lagoon than a river, and it is navigable 
to Lake George, a little higher up, for vessels drawing 9 feet of water. Indian River is a long lagnon, having much the 
same chnraeler, and communicating with the oecin by Indian River Outlet. Charlotte and Amaxura are the principal 
rivers on the western side of the peninsula, the whole of which, south of the St. John's and Suwanee, contjilns only small 
streams. The Suwanee is formed by the junction of the Withlacnochee and Little St. John's from Georgia, and reaches 
the Gulf at Vacasasa Bay ; its bar has only 6 feet water at high tide. The Oclduckonce also rises in Georgia, and flows 
into Appalachicola Bay. The Appaluehicola, formed ou the frontier of Florida by the junction of the Chattahoochee and 
21S 



FLORIDA. 



Flint rivers, fiilb into the bay of the same name, after a course cf 75 miles, and is navi^il>)e for steaml)nnls thrnu^hout 
Its whole lonslli. The Choelawatchee, rising in Alabama, flows into the buy of its name, and the Escambia into Penaacola 
Bay. The St. Clary's forms in part the northern boundarj-, and is a fine navigable stream. 

IMorida has a sea-coast of more than 1,000 miles in length, but so mueh of it is rendered inaccessible by soundings, that 
ft has few good harbors. West of Cape San Bias the shore is bold, but east of that point it begins to shallow. From 
Appalaehee Bay to Tampa Bay the whole coast sends off shallow banks, and from Wacasasa Bay to the Amaxura there 
are but six or seven feet of water six miles from shore ; to the soutli of Carlos Bay the shores are bolder. On the eastern 
aide there is no harbor south of San Augustine, and scarcely an inlet breaks the coast fVora that point to Cape Florida. 
South from the mainland, a chain of small rocky islands, named cayos or keys, extends to the westward, ending in a 
duster of rocks and sand-banks, called the Tortugas, or Dry Tortugas. South of the bank upon which these keys rise, 
and separated from them by a navigable channel, is a long, narrow coral reef, known as the Florida lieef. The most 
Important of these keys is Key West, a nautical corniption or free translation of C<ii/o ITii-eso (^Bone Key), also called 
Thompson's Island. Long the haunt of smugglers and pirates, it is now a naval station of the first importance, and llie 
Beat of bands of wreckers, whose business is to assist vessels in distress ; and a special court is here established to ailjust 
salvages. The marine disasters occurring in this vicinity are frequent; the number of vessels which put into the port 
of Key West in distress, in ISoO, and which had been ashore on the reef, was thirty, valued with their cargoes at §929,000, 
and on these the salvage and charges amounted to $'200,S60. This key is about six miles in length by two in breadth, with 
n large, well-she ^red, and commodious harbor, which admits the largest vessels. The salt ponds, on the key, have of late 
years yielded con ierable quantities of salt, and are very valuable to those engaged in the manufacture. Tlie Tortugas 
derive their name from the immense number of turtles tliat visit them and the adjacent keys and mainland for the 
purpose of depositing their eggs. The turtles here are of several kinds, and form an article of considerable IrafBc. 

The whole of the peninsula is of diluvial formation. The substratum of the e.^stern part is clay mixed with sand, but 
that of the western is a kind of rotten limestone, which in many places is undermined by subterranean streams, forming 
numerous cavities in the ground, called "sinks." These sinks are inverted conical hollows, varying in size from a few 
yards to several acres, at the bottom of which running water often appears. The central district is the most productive; 
but even of this district a large portion is composed of poor pine-barrens, yet in the midst of these are found gentle 
eminences of fertile land, supporting a vigorous growth of oaks and hiekories, while numerous rivulets of pure water flow 
through the countrj-, or exiiand into beautiful lakes. Farther west the land is more generally poor. Thus it appears 
that but a comparatively small portion of Florida can be said to be available for cultivation, yet the warmth and huiniility 
of the climate compensate in a great measure for the stubborn nature of the soil, and give it a vegetation of great variety 
and luxuriance. 

Thf productions, natural and agricultural, of Florida, are chiefly those wliich require a tropical sun to mature their 
IVuIts. It is not, however, merely in tropical products that Florida possesses advantages over every other State of the 
T'liiou : it is now established beyond a doubt that the Sea Jdand, or long staple cotton (the production of whicli was 
formerly confined to a few small islands in South Carolina and Georgia) will grow luxuriantly even in the very centre of the 
peninsida. A fine quality of this staple has also been produced on the Suwance, and in the very centre of the Alachua, a-s 
well as on the eastern coast. This important fact is no doubt attributable to the almost insular position of the State. The 
soil^ are also adapted to the successful cultivation of the coffee plant, also cocoa, the sugar-cane, cottons generally, Cuba 
and other tobaccoes, rice, indigo, arrow-root, Sisal hemp, New Zealand flax, etc., and the climate is suitable f'lr the 
cochineal insect and silk-worra; corn, potatoes, turnips, and, in short, most of the vegetables known to the North or 
South, find in one or other locality congenial soils. Tho fruits produced are too numerous to recount, and of the most 
delicate descriptions: oranges, lemons, limes, pine-apples, olives, grapes, etc., flourish luxuriantly, and if prop-rly 
attended to, would soon become valuable export staples. As matters stand at the present lime, indeed, Florida i^upplk^s 
much of tlie tropical fruit found in the markets of our northern cities. It has every delicacy of vegetable culture, and at 
all seasons of the year ; beets, onions, egg-plants, carrots, lettuce, celery, cauliflowers, etc., are produced with the most 
Indifferent culture ; and water-melons, cantelopes, pumpkins, cucumbers, and every thing that grows upon vines are 
In abundance and in great perfection. The driest seasons are relieved by heavy dews, and the sun that would balce the 
earth in other States, and wither the vegetation, is here so tempered Ijy tlic prevailing moisture as to force the develop- 
ment of vegetable life to the utmost, and envelop the earth in pereimial verdure. 

The climate of Florida has been spoken of, and justly, as one of the finest ; and, aside from the miasms that arise from 
the swamps, as one of the most salubrious in the world. In the south the temperature scarcely changes the year round, 
and summer is only distinguished by the copiousness of its showers. No more delightful residence for invalids can be 
found than Key West, where the difference of tlie mean temperature of summer and winter is not more than IP Fahr. 
And wliat is said of Key West will equally apply to other portions of Southern Florida : Miami, on Key Biscayne Bay, 
has a climate at once placid and constant, and presents to the invalid of the North a desirable retreat from the rude 
blasts peculiar to that region; and were suitable accommodations prepared for their reception at the points indicated, num- 
bers of those who now annually go to Cuba and the other West India Islands, would be induced to stop short on their 
voyage, and try the advantages of so delightful a home climate. The average mean temperature of the State generally is 
|j about 730, and In no place does the difference between summer and winter exceed 25°. The mean average quantity of 
rain during the year is -33 inches. 

The grassy piairies of this country afford excellent pasturage, and have long been feeding grounds of the southern 
prazier ; immense herds of cattle are constantly roaming over these, requiring no care from their owners, nor housing on 
account of the colds of winter; and in most parts of the State hogs thrive well and fatten without any otlior support than 
that which they derive from the abundant roots and mast of the country. Ami there is certainly no portion of tlie United 
States where game and fish are so abundant as in Florida. The fact that a large body of Indians supported themsclve^i 
well for the space of seven years, while himUd th^Tiuelvc^ by an army of G.OOO men, is some evidence in proof <^if this 
assertion. It was common before the war for a good hunter to kill seven or eight deer of a day, and multitudes of these 
animals were slaughtered merely for their skins. The country abounds also in wild turkeys, partridges, geese, ducks, 
curlews, and various other species of smaller game. The whole ctiast is pro.luptive of the finest fish, and the oysters 
iespecially are of excellent flavor. Sheep-head, grouper, red-fish, mullet, green turtle, etc., .are to be found in iriexhaustiblo 
almndance at almost every point, both on the eastern and western coa»b>; and the numerous lakes, rivers, and crerOcs 
of tho interior teem with fresli-watcr fish, and the moat delicious species of soft-shellcd turtle, etc. On many parts ol the 
coast sponges are found, and iu this product the trade is constantlyincreasing. 

219 



FLORIDA. 



Florida oontains 23 counties, the general statistics of which, and the capitals of each in 1S50, were as follows : 



;Counties. Dwell, 

Alachua 2T4 . 

Benton 113 . 

Calhoun 165 . 

Cohimbia ....530 . 
Dade 23 . 



Top. 



.2,524... 2S3 . 



Funn^ ManuC 
inciilL K&tiib. 

., 



926 . 
. 1,37T . 
. 4,S0S . 
. 159 . 



Duval 451 ... 4,539 



82 .. 
. 63 .. 
.. 475 .. 
. 6 .. 

. ICT .. 



Escambia 
Franklin . 
Gadsden . 
Hamilton 
Hillsboro* 

Holmes 267 

Jackson 560 

Jefferson .... 520 



563 ... 4,351 ... 84 .. 



.201 
. 6S4 
. 301 
. 253 



.. ... 
. . 4S2 . . . 
.. 205 ... 
.. 120 ... 9 
.. 1,644 ... 103 ... 
. . 6.639 . . . 2S7 . . . 



. . 1,561 . 
. . S,7S3 . 
.. 2,409 . 
. . 5,377 . 



Capftnlfl 

Newnanville 

. . . Melendez 

1 . . . S(. Joseph 
3 . . . Alligator 

2 . .. Miami 

5 .. . Jacksonville 
9 . . . Pensacola 
. . . Appalachicola 
. . . Quincy 
. . . Jasper 
9 . . . Tampa 

. Cerro Gordo 

. Mariana 



. . 7,718 ...377.. .7... Monticello 



Countien. Dwell Pop. 

Leon 737 ... 11,442 .. 

Levy 64 ... 465 .. 

Madison . . 498 . . . 5,490 . . 

Marion ... 894 .. . 3,338 . , 

Monroe ...420 ... 2,643 .. 

Nassau ... ISS ... 2,104 .. 

Orange ... 55 . . . 466 . . 

Putnam ...108... 657 .. 

St. John . . 821 . . . 2,625 . . 

St. Lucie . . 22 . . . 139 . . 

Santa Rosa 626 .. . 2,sa3 . . 

Wakulla ..227 ... 1,955 .. 

Walton ... 195 ... 1,379 .. 

Wash'gton 273 . . . 1,950 . , 



, 856 

. 
. 262 
. 329 
. 6 
. 137 
, 19 
. 20 
, 84 
. 
. 91 
. 100 
.161 
. 165 



Munuf. 
Eslab. 

. IS .. 

. .. 

,. 4 .. 
.. .. 
.. 11 .. 
..11 .. 
.. .. 
,. .. 

. 7 .. 
.. .. 
, . 28 . . 
.. 5 

. 
,. 4 



Cnpita]0. 
TALLAnAfieiB 

Wakasasa 

Madison 

Ocola 

Key West 
, Nass.iu C. H. 
, Mellonville 

Tilatka 

San Augustine 



. . Milton 
. . Newport 
. . Uchee Anna 
.. Holmes Valley 



The whole number of dwellings in the State was, at the above date, 9,022, of families 9,107, and of inhabitants 87.401, 
viz.: whites, 47,167 — males, 25,074, and females, 21,493; free colored, 926 — males, 420, and females, 505, and slaves, 39,309. 
Of the whole population, the following classes and numbers of persons were blind, deaf and dumb, insane or idiotic: 
deaf and fZunift— wh. 12, fr. col. 0, si. 10— total 22 ; Uind—vh. 12, fr. col. 2, si. 12— total 26 ; insane — wh. 6, fir. col. 0, 
si. 2 — total 8 ; idiotic — wh. 29, fr. col. 1, si. 7 — total 37. The number of free persons born in the United Slates, was 
45,320 ; of those bom in foreign countries, 2,757 ; and of those whose country was unknown, 58 : the native population 
originated from— Maine 140, N. Hamp. 61, Verm. 65, Mass. 235, P.. I. 66, Conn. 179, N. York 614, N. Jer. S3, Penn. 
240, Del. 9, Md. 194, Dist. of Col. 33, Virg. 643, N. Car.3,537, S. Car. 4,470, Geo. 11,316, Florida 20,563, Ala. 2,340, Miss. 
92, La. 140, Tex. 8, Ark. 5, Tenn. ^12. Ky. 87, Oh. 53, Mich. 7, Ind. 14, 111. 8, Mo. 7, la. 0, Wise. 3, Calif. 0, and the Terri- 
tories ; and the foreign population was composed of natives of— England 300, Ireland S7S, Scotland 182, Wales 11, 
Germany 307, France 67, Spain 70, Portugal 17, Belgium 4, Holland 8, Italy 40, Austria 8, Switzerland 7, Russia 2, Nor- 
way 17, Sweden 23, Denmark 21, Prussia 17, Asia 8, Africa 23, British America 97, Mexico 5, South America 3, West 
Indies 599, other countries 37. 

And the following table will exhibit the decennial progress of the population since the first census of the State taken b7 
the United States authorities : 

Colored Pereons. Decenni.il Increase. 

Wliito . ■ . 

Persons. Free. Slave. Total. 



Ceivius. 
year. 

18.30 

1840 

1850 



.. 18,385 844 .... 16,501 .... 16,345 . 

.. 27.943 817 .... 25,717 .... 20,534 . 

.. 47,167 925 .... 89,309 .... 40,234 . 



Total 
Population. 

.. 34,780 ... 



. 64,477 19,747 56.8 

. 87,401 32,924 60.4 



The industry of Florida is devoted almost wholly to agrieidture and commerce, the manufactures of the Stat« as yet 
being of small account, and consisting of such branches only .as those the position of the inhabitants immediately demands. 
None of the great national manufactures have yet been introduced, and hence manufactured goods of almost every 
description are imported from the Northern States and exchanged for the indigenous agricultural staples of the soil — an 
exchange creating a large commercial movement between the different sections of the Union, and in the interior of the 
State itself The statistics of the wealth and industry of the State, as furnished by the census of 18,50, and other official 
returns, are as follows : 

Occupied LandR, etc. — Improved lands, .349,049 acres, and unimproved lands, 1.236,240 acres — valued in cash at 
$6..323,109. Whole number of farms under cultivation, 4,304. Value of farming implements and machinery. $658,795. 

Live-Stoek.— Worses, 10.84S; asse.s and mules, 5,002; milch cows, 72.870; working oxen, 5,794; other cattle, 1S2.415; 
•heep, 23,311 ; and swine, 209,453— valued in the aggregate at $2,830,058. (In 1840 there were 12,0*3 horses, mules, etc. J 
118,080 neat-callle of all kinds ; 7,198 sheep, and 92.6S0 hogs.) 

Orain O-oyi-s.— Wheal, 1,027 bushels; rye. 1,152 bushels ; Indian com, 1,996.369 bushels; oals, 66,586 bushels; barley, 
bushels; and buckwheat, 55 bushels. (The crops of 1839-40 were — wheat. 412 bushels; barley, SO bushels; oata, 
13.829 bushels ; rye, 305 bushels ; buckwheat, bushels ; and Indian corn. 898,974 bushels.) 

Other Cropn. — Rice, 1,075,090 pounds ; tobacco, 998,614 pounds ; ginned cotti->n, 45.131 bales of 400 pounds ; peas and 
beans, 135,369 bushels; Irish pot^itocs, 7,825 bushels; sweet potatoes, 757.226 bushels; hay, 2,510 tons; clover-seed, ; 
and other grass-seed, 2 bushels; hops. 14 pounds ; hemp, dew-rotted, tons, and water-rotted, tons; flax. 50 pounds; 
flax-seed, bushels; maple sugar, pounds; cane sugar, 2,752 hogsheads of 1,000 pounds; molasses, 3.52,893 gallons ; 
wine, 10 gallons, etc. The value of orchard products was $1,200, and of marketrgarden products, $8,721. The annexed 
table will exhibit the staple crops of 1840 and 1850 comparatively : 

staples. 18<0. 1R50. Increase 

Cane Sugar 275,317 pounds 2,752,000 pounds 2,476,683 pounds, or 899.57 per cent. 

Ginned Cotton 12,110,638 " 18,052,400 " 5,941,867 " or 49.06 " 

Tobacco 7.5,274 " 993,614 " 923.340 " or 226.64 " 

Eicc 431,420 " 1,075,090 " 61.5,670 " or 149.19 " 

Products of Animab.—Vfonl 2!i,2iT (\a 1840, 7,285') pounds : butter, 871 ,493 pounds ; cheese, 18.015 pounds: and thr 
value of animals slaughtered during the year had been $514,685. Silk cocoons were produced to the amount of 6 (in 
1840, 124^) pounds, and beeswax and honey, to that of 18.971 pounds. 

J!onK-made manufactures for the year ending SOIh June, 1550, Were valued at $75,582. (In 1540, $20,205). 

Manufactures. — .\ggregate capital invested, $1,209,107 ; value of raw materi.tl. fuel. etc.. used and consumed, $412,030; 
average number of hands employed, 1,192 — males, 1,112, and females, SO ; average monthly cost of Labor— male. $37,216, 
and female, $9,872; annual value of proilucLs, $902,114. The whole number of manufacturing establishments, producing 
to the annual value of $500 and upward, was one hundred and twenty-one. 
220 



FLORIDA. 



Commerce. — Florida, in the year ending 30lh June, ISoO, e3-pnrU'd to foreign countries to the value of $2 623 624 of 
which amount |2,607,96S represented domestic produce, and $15,6o6 foreign merchandise re-exjjorted. The proportion 
of the total value of domestic produce carried in foreign bottoms, was $1,493,999— the remainder in national vessels. The 
foreign imporU for the same year amounted in value to $95,709, of which $30,241 was carried in American, and $65,463 
In foreign vejssels. The greatest portion of the exports arc cleared from Appalacliieola, which is also Iho outlet of Eastern 
Alabama, and South-western Georgia, whence produce is brought down the river in steamboats. The shipping entered 
at all the ports of the Stato amounted to 1T,9S0 tons, of which was foreign 10,462 tons; and the shipping cfeared. to 
22,166, of which was foreign 12,134 tons. The tonnage owned in the several collection districis of the Stale, was as follows : 





Re 


gistereil. 


Enrolled and Licensed. 




Total 
Tonnage. 


Na»isalcj 
hy Steam. 


Ton.,:,;e 


Collection Districts. 


Perm't. 


lenip'ry. 


Perni'L Tenipor.irj . 


under 20 tons 


IS4'>-.^0 


Pensacola 




. . 1,221 


495 


77 


. 1,793 . . . 




... 79 


St. Augustine . , 


.. . — 








... 


St. .Mark's 


.. — 


— ... 


. . . 282 — . . . 


... 71 .... 


. 853 . . . 





. 


St. John's 


.. — 


— ... 


... 310 — ... 


... 


. 810 .. . 


... 79 . . . 





Appalaehicola . 


.. — 


— ... 


. . . 2,1150 — . . . 


... — 


. 2,050 . , . 


. . . 2,050 . . . 





Key West 


.. 3,01- 


1,398 ... 


.. 1,546 546 ... 


... '259 ... . 


. 6,766 . . . 


... 56 . . . 


_ 


















Total .... 


.. 3,017 . 


2,619 ... 


...4,683 546 ... 


. . . 407 . . . . 


. 11,272 . . . 


. . . 2,185 , . . 


... 79 



The coasting trade of Florida is immensely larger titan it.s direct foreign trade, and employs a large tonn.age both 
of steam and sail vessels. Of the cotton exported in 1851, 70.547 bales were sent direct to fori'ign ports, and 111,.532 co.ist- 
wise, and so with other staples — which facts illustrate the course of Florida commerce. The statistics of the foreign 
commerce of the State for a series of years, exhibit the following movements : 



Te»r«. 

1821 
1822 
1823 
1824 . 
1826 . 



lm|iort". Exports 
$13.270 $- 

6,877 

4.S08 

6.986 

8,218 



1S26 ]6,.590 

1827 257.994 57,486 

1828 168,292 60,321 

1829 153.642 56,0S6 

1830 32,689 7,570 



Years. Itn[iorts, Exjiorta. 

1831 $115,710 $30,496 

1832 306.845 65,716 



Years. Importa. E.xportg, 

1841 $1-1.5.181 $30,629 

1842 176,980 33,384 

184;3 158,632 760,638 

1S44 155,695 1,011,416 

1845 107.863 1,514,745 

1S4G 140,584 176.448 

1847 143.298 1,810,.53< 

1848 64.267 1,896,683 

1849 63.211 2,519,027 

1 850 95,709 2,023,624 



18:33 S5,.336 64,805 

1834 18.5,798 228,825 

18.35 98,173 61.710 

18.36 1'2I,745 71,663 

1837 305,.514 90,084 

1888 168,690 122,.532 

1839 279,283 3.34,806 

1S40 190,723 1,858,850 

Internal ro»mmiiica«;o;!.— Florida, beyond those provided by nature, has but few means of internal communication. 
In the south there are several military roads to depend on ; and in the north, where greater progress has been made iu the 
settlement of the country, there are some short railroads, and more progress h;is been made in opening inter-commuui- 
cation by ordinary roads. There are, however, several public works of great importance to the prosperity of the State 
projected ; one of whicli. the Ship Canal, or railroad across the neck of the peninsula, will be of vital importance to the 
commerce of the Gulf of .Mexico ; and the railroads from Savannah and Brunswick to Appalaehicola, will also be tho 
means of opening up Uie southern parts of Georgia to the Floridian Gulf ports. There is also a railroad projected from 
some point on the St. Mary's River to Pensacola. 

Government — The eonstiluUou of Floriria provides that all free white male citizens, twenty-one years of age, who shall 
have resided in the State two years, and in the county six months next preceding, shall be eligible to vote at elections. 

The Legislature, styled the General Assembly, consists of a Senate and House of Ilepresenfatives. Representatives are 
elected for one year, and senators for two years. Representation is apportioned every ten years according to population, 
three-fiUhs of the slaves being counted iu the representative numbers. The general election takes place on the first 
Monday of October, and the .\s3embly meets biennially on the third Monday in Xovember. 

The governor is elected by a plurality of votes for four years, and is ineligible for the four years next after. He must 
be at least thirty years of age, and have been ten years a citizen of the United States, or an inhabitant of Florida at the 
adoption of the constitution, and a resident thereof for five years next before the election. The governor has a qualified 
veto on all legislative acts. In case of the disability or death of the governor,.^''*', the President of the Senate, and 
iecoruU the Speaker of the House of Representatives act in his stead for such part of the term as may be unexpired. 

No officer in a banking company, while he serves in a bank, or for twelve months atlerward, shall be eligible for the 
office of governor, senator, or reiiresentative ; nor shall a duelist or second in a dud hold any office under the State. 
The Secretary of State is elected by the Legislalure for four years. 

The Judiciary consists of a Supreme Court, Circuit Courts, and several courts of minor jurisdiction. The Supreme 
Court has appellate jurisdiction only, and is composed of a chief justice and two associate justices. It holds fi>iir sessions 
annually — one at Tallahassee, on tlic first Monday of January ; one at Jacksonville, on the third Monday of February ; 
one at Tampa, on the first Monday of March ; and one at Mariana, on the third Monday of March. When one or two 
of Uie judges are disqualified from sitting in any cause, the vacancy is filled by a corresponding number of circuit judges. 
For the purpose of holding Circuit Courts, the State is divided into four circuits, viz., the Western, the Middle, the East- 
em, and the Southern, to each of which there is one judge. The Circuit Courts have original common-law jurisdiction in 
all matters, civil and criminal, and also original equity jurisdiction, until a sep.arate Chancery Court is established by the 
Legislature. The judges are now elected by concurrent votes of the two houses of the Getieral Assembly. An act was 
passed, however, in 1850-51, giving the election to the people, and limiting their term to six years; but this act has to be 
sanctioned by another Legislature before beeomius law. 

Respecting tanking, the constitution provides that " no bank charter shall be for more than thirty years, nor shall it ever 
be extended or renewed. The capital of a b.ank shall not exceeil $100,000, nor shall a dividend bo made exceeding 16 
per cent, a jear. Stockholders shall be individually liable for the debts of the bank, and no notes shall be issued for less 
than $5." And, in relation to corporations, it further providi^s. that '-no act of incorporation shall be passed or altered except 
by the assent of two-thirds of each house, and by giving three months' notice." "The credit of the State sh.tll not be 
pledged in aid of any corporation whatsoever." 

221 



FLORIDA. 



With regard lo slavery, the same instrument eaya: "No law shall be passed to emancipalo slaves, or to prohibit the 
immigration of persons bringing slaves with thera ; but free colored persons may be prevented from enterino; the State.'* 

Tor an amendment of the constitution, two-thirds of each house must assent ; the proposed alteration must then be 
pubFiahed six months before the succeeding election, and then be again approved by a two-thirds vote in the succeeding 
General Aseerably. 

Florida, under the ]aw-<listribuUng congressional representation, has only one representative in Confess. 

Fina7ic^.t, etc. — The assessed value of all real and personal property iii the State in 1S50, was $22,T?4..S;iT; the value 
truly estimated, $22,862,270. Florida has no public debt The balance in the treasury for the year ending 1st Nov., 1S47, 
was ?^J55 10 ; and the receipts fur the year ending 1st Nov., 1S43, amounted to $56,S32 72 — making the resources for that 
year $Gll,&'^7 82. The aggregate expenditures during the year were $59,259 72, leaving in the treasury, for future dis- 
bursement, $1,323 10. The average ordinary expenses of tho government, however, is only about $45,000 per annum- 

Eeligious Deitominatiotm. — The statistics of tho religious denominations of Florida, according to the census of 1860» 
are as follows: 



Penomina- 'No, of 


church 


tiun!>. lliurclies. 


accom. 


Baptist 45 .. 


10,400 


Chrislicn ... — . . 


— 


Congregat'I. — . . 


— 


Dutcli Kef. . — . . 


— 


Episcopal .. 10 .. 


8,810 


Free 1.. 


400 


Friends — — . . 


— 



Vnlueof Denomlna- Ko. of Cliarch Vnlne of 

Property. linos, Chorclies. eccon^ Property. 

$25,e40 Germ'nRef. — ... — ... $— Eom. Cath. 5... 1,S50... $13,600 



Germ'n Ref. 





.. — .. 


«- 


Eom. Cath. 5 . 


. 1,850 


Jewish 


_. 


.. — .. 


— 


Tanker — . 


. — 


Lutheran .. 


— . 


. — .. 


— 


Union — . 


— 


Mennonite . 


— . 


. — .. 


— 


Unitarian . . — . . 


— 


Methodist .. 


75. 


.18,010.. 


. 65,260 


Universalist — . 


. — 


Moravi.in ... 


— . 


.. — .. 


— 


Minor Secta 2 . 


. l.non 


Prcebyteri'n 


14. 


. 6,700.. 


. $31,500 


Total.... 152. 


. 41.170 



Denominn- Na of Clnirch ViiUie nf 

tioD5. Cburches. aicom. Prnperiy. 



87,800 

400 Moravian... — ... — ... — Minor Sects 2... 1.000 .., 1,200 

. $]65>400 

Florida is a diocese of the Protestant Episcopal Church; and it constitutes parts of the Eoman Catholic dioceses 
of Savannah and Mobile— in the diocese of Savannah ia included all of the State east of the AppaJachicoIa, and lu 
that of Mobile all west of that river. 

Education. — Florida is as yet but ill provided with schools; !t has no Institutions In which a liberal educafion can be 
obtained, nor are the existing public sch-wlsor academies efficient in their organization. The Stale has ample means for 
the support of public schools from the proceeds of the lands designated by Congress for that purpose, and the State coit- 
Btilution makes it imperative on the Legislature to organize and provide for a system of public education. The peculiar 
circumstances of the people, and the sparsity of the population, however, will, for a long lime to come, present obstacles 
lo the operation of any system devbed, and more than apologize for any deficiencies that may be observed in tlie educa=- 
tional condition of the inhabitants. These matters must be left to time and favoring circumstances. 

Periodical Press.— TherQ are 11 newspapers published in the State, of which 10 are issued weekly, and 1 semi-weekly ; 
and of these 5 are whig in politics, 3 democratic, 1 neutral, and two, the politics of which are not slated in the consui 
The aemi-weekly paper has an average circulation of 200 at each issue, or 20,800 copies annually ; and the 10 weekly 
papers an aggregate circulation of 5,550, or 258,600 copies annually, making the 309,400 copies the total annual issue. The 
papers having the largest circulations are, the " Commercial Advertiser" of Appalachicola, which is 1.500 copies weekly ; 
the"Sentinel,"and"rioridianand Journal" of Tallahassee — the first having a weekly circulation of 1,300, and the latter 
of 800, and the " Florida Kepublican," which issues 7U0 weekly ; none of the others circulate more than 400 copies of 
each issue. 

Historical Sketch. — The adventures of Narvacz, and the romantic wanderings of Ponce de Leon and De Soto, (he 
buceanecring of the English, the wars waged with Oglethorpe by the Spaniards, and more recently, the long and 
bloody Indian wars, have given to Florida a greater historical interest than attaches toanyothcr portion of the Union. But 
as one of the youngest sisters of our confederacy, but comparatively little is known of its geography, resources, and pro- 
ductions. Peninsulated from almost all intercourse with other States, it lies out of the great thoroughfare of travel; and 
while the commerce of the Great "U'est sweeps around its shores, Ihey are looked upon as so many dangerous reefs and 
rocks, threatening destruction to the mariner. In tho foregoing sketch the aim has been to give an idea of the present 
actual state and condition of the eouniry. Its history is briefly as follows: 

Florida was discovered in 1406 by Cabot, and was visited by Ponce de Leon In 1512, who came In search of the spring 
of perpetual youth and beauty, and fabled mines of gold, the fame of which had flUed all Europe, In 1562 we find the 
French and Spaniards contesting their respective rights to the soil. San Augustine was settled in 15C4, it being by Ibrty 
years the oldest settlement in the United States. Pensacola was settle<l in 15^. 

Tho archives of the eouniry during tlic Spanish rule having been can-ied away. It Is difficult to judge lo what extent tire 
country was settled previous to its cession to Great Britain, liemains of ancient settlements exist between the Suwanee and 
Chattahoochee rivers ; the traces of old fortifications, roads, etc., are very distinct, and gun-barrels, pottery, ship-spikes* 
eto., are found ; but tlie public opinion of the country is rather inclined lo attribute these to the buccaneers, and the quan- 
tity of ship-spikes, etc., found, seem to render the opinion highly probable. It is presumable, therefore, from the known 
inertness of the Spanisli character, and the slight progress made by tliem In the settlement of new countries, that their 
settlements in Florida were of very little extent; and, with the exception of establifhing a few missions, they nev^r 
ventured far from tho coast, and paid but little attention to the cultivation of the soiL 

The cession to Great Britain was made in 1763 : most of the Spaniards left the country, and It soon began to prosper 
under the energetic impulse communicated by the Anglo-Saxon race. Efforts at settlement on a large scale were imme- 
diately undertaken, the government favoring the enterprise by granting large tracts to settlers. Doctor Tumbull brought 
1,500 families from the islands and shores of the Mediterranean, and located thera at New Smyrna; and Lord Rollc^ 
Governor Moultrie, Lord Beresford, and others established settlements; and on the breaking out of the Iievohiti< in, large 
numbers of royalists came into tiie country from Georgia and Carolina. In 1780 the export** of Florida reached 4O,()0O 
barrels of naval stores; and at tliis lime one of the principal articles of culture was indigo, which in the markets of London 
brought a higher price than that from any other country. The British possession of the country continued for but twenty 
years, but during that period more was effected in setlUng and improving the country than lu tho two hundred yeua 
of Spanish occupation. 

But, unfortunately for Florida, tn 17S3 the province was retro-ceded to Spain, and the English population, which tn 
1778, in East Florida alone, numbered over 13,000, principally left the coimtry and went into ihe adjoining States. From 
ii22 



FLO 



FLU 



this period tn its cession to the United Stales in lS21-a period of nearly forlv vearj-iTHn-ni,!, . l 7~, TT"! 

.itb diffieu,,,; cultivation was neg.eeted, the English ^ettic.no.tts ..av^/^-cu J^'dS^i: to rt^^n ^^tl^t^ 
durmg lh,s period ,vas the population i,i both the Floridas estimated at over 10 0(in a lartrc^xVr, T ' r T 

towns, or were hanger.-on of government. The Spanish population, to a conside aW; e'v on, le th 7 '^ 

cession, and intmigrafon began to Sow in rapidly; but the utSurveyei stato of ,e countr; n '' ''e ,h - ?' T" "" 
etc., mUitated against il, settlement; and the fierce and turbulent Indian race wl,o had n a le It u m' ' ""-y"'-'""^ 
two hundred and nny years, and who had never been conquered, and had «; gre sir™ llir .en ,;'";' ' "''' 
p,ed the best lands, rendering it impossible U> obtain them, iut yet in s^.itfoalm"' V ,''''■'; "'™' 
population planted themselves in the country. ' obstaelcs, a consLdcrable 

The territory was now beginning to reap the Ihilts of Its American occunatlon wh^n in Ti-^ ,^ ^ , .■ ^ 
war broke out and continued for seven years, rendering aU habitation o. on e li'mts of he octr^ d n't " "™'"! 

p:^::i:^=n:s;::-r^d^--ri;:^^ 

over, it has progressed with reasonable rapiditv, and In' L^" l^ admi ,ed nto he L ni'^; '"" ' "' """"'' """- 
Taixauassee is the political capital of the Stata 



Florida, t. and p. c, UiUsdale c-o., Jfich. : 69 m. S. by W, 
Lan.sing. 

Flokida. p. v., Monroe Co., 2fo. : on tlie S. side of the N. 
fork of Fall r., 07 m. N. by E. Jefferson City. 

Florfda. t. and p. o., Berkshire county, 3fass.: lOG m. 
W_hy N. JJoslon. Drained by Cold r. and other tributaries 
ofDeerfleld r., which have extensive waler-jfower. Hurface 
hdly ; soil adapleil to grass. Top, 561. 

Florida, p. v., Orange co.. A: r. .• 94 m. S. by W. Albany 
It has several mills and about 300 inhabitants. 

Florida, p. v., Henry county, 0/uo: on the N. side of 
Maumee r.. and on the line of Ihe Wal.asl, and Erie Canal 
112 m. N. N. W. Columbus. It is a flourishing place of 200 
mhabitanls. 

Florida Hzm, p. o., Avoyelles par.,Z<t..- 62 m N W 
Eaton Uouge, 

Floris, p. T., Davi., CO., la. ; on a branch of Chcquest cr. 
of Des Motnes r., 67 m. S. S. W. Iowa City. 

FL0RL5ANT. p. V., St. Louis countv. Mo. : on Cold Water 
creek, a small stream of Missoiu-i river, 106 m. E by \ 
Jefferson City. • j - • 

Flouexots, p. c, Nacogdoches co., Tej: : 226 m E N E 
Austin City. • . . . 

Flower Creek, p. o., Pendleton county, A>. ; on n ct of 

Licking r. so called, 67 m. N. E. Fraukli.rt 
Flowerfield, t. and p. o., St. .Joseph's CO., Mich.: 78 m 

S.TT. Lansmg. Drained by Kocky r. of .St. Joseph r, which 

with lis tributaries, affords extensive mill-power. Surf ,ce' 

diversifled; soU, a deep-black alluvion, or vegetable mol.l. 

Ihc t. contains several saw and flouring mills, but is as yet 

thinly populated. Pop .503. 
Flowe£v Mocsd, p. 0. Omcordia parish, Za. ; 02 m 

JV. JN.W. Baton KoDge. 

Floyd county, Oa. Sitnale N. W., and contains 453 
»]. m. Drained by the Oosianaula and Etowah rivers 
uiutmg in the E part of Ihe county : these form the Coos.;,' 
:' ; f™; ,^ • '."'o '"<■ -^'"bama. Several minor streams 
affliK nts of the nvcrs above named, also traverse the coun^ 
irj. Surface hilly and broken; soil, except on the alluvial 
borders of the nvcrs. of indifferent quality. The crops of 

his CO. are more various Ih.-.n in the S. counties, and consist 
ch eflj of corn, wheal, etc., with a little cotton. Grazin- is 
extensively practiced. Farms 897; manuf. 15; dwell ma 

Flotd connly, Ind. Sihiale on Ohio r., and contains M4 

^llMth M-"l '.' '■'■" ""'* '"^'' ""■'-• A ran," 
wlKd the h nobs," traverses the co. in a N. and S direc 
^n. These hills, from 1 to 3 mUcs wide, are covered wit , 
tne timber-oak and pine. SoU various-lilUe flrst rate^ 



Corn and grasses are the chief products. Manufactures 
and ship-building are earrie.l on extensively near the Ohia 
I arms 423 ; manuf. 106 : dwell. 2.448, and pop.-wb. 14,305, 
fr._col. 670-total 14,S75. C«;>*/« .- New Albany. Public 
Hurts .- New iVlbany and Salem P.. K. 

Flotd county, la. Situate N. middle, and contains 578 
q. ni. Taken from Pottowaltomec in 1S5I. 

Flotd county, Ay. Situate E.. and contains 960 sq. m. 
Drained by Licking r., which rises in this county, and by 
numerous creeks of the W. fork of Big Sandy r. Surface 
considerably broken, well wooded, and along the streams 
fc rtile and productive. There are deposits of iron and coal, 
and also s.ilt s|>rtogs. Farms 365: manuf. 4; dwcU S62- 
and pop.-wh. 5,503, fr. coL 62, si. 149-totaI 5,714. Capi 
Uac: Prcstonburg. 

Flotd county, rirff. Situate :S. middle, and contains 
62o sq. m. Drained by E. fork of New r., and others, its 
tributary creeks. Surface mountain-valley, bounded both 
}i. and W. by ragged hUls; soil a.lapted to grass, oats, etc. 
!• arms 444: manuf. 16; dwell. 9^7, and pop.-wh. 6 000 fr 
col. 15, si. 443-total 6,455. Caj,it(d: Floyd Cour'l-houae 
(Jacksonville). 

Flotd, t. and p. v., Oneida co., Jf. T. : R7 m. W. N. W 
Albany. Drained by Nine Mile cr. of Mohawk r.', which 
forms lis S. boundary. Surfcce rolling; soil, clav marl, 
adapted to grass; along the Mohawk are rich alluvial flats. 
1 ho V. lies about the centre of the t„ C m. E. P.ome. In the 
town are several woolen and cotton mills, etc. Pop 1 455 

Flotd Coitet-uocse, p. o., Fl.>yd co., nrg. ; on tiie's. 
side of E. fork of New r., lOS m. V. S. W. Picliraond. The 
village is called Jacksonville. Pop. of v 1''0 

Flotdsbcteoii, p. v., Oldham co., A}/, ': on Floyd's cr. of 
Salt r., 04 m. W. by N. Frankfort. Pop. 120 

Flotd's Mills, p. c, Horry dist., i'. C<Jr. : 104 m. E. by a 
Columbia, ^ 

FLfKE-s, p. o., Botetourt CO.. Virg. : 147 m.W. Pichmonrk 
Fli-jie, p. o., Grafton co., X. lUmp.: on Peniigewasset 
nvor. 66 m. N. by W. Concord. The countrv in the neigh- 
borhood is one of the wUdest mountain-regions of the SLato, 
and is much visited by summer tourists. 

Flushko, Land p. o., Genesee co., mdi. .• 87 m. E N li 
Lansing. Drained chiefly by Coal cr. of Flint r. ' Su'rraoc 
level and elevated ; soil of moderate fertility. Pop. 70S. 

Fll-shing, L and p. v., Queens co., 2f. Y. .■ 124 m S by E. 
Albany. Drains into Long Island Sound, which bounils i*t 
on the N. Flushing B.ay makes its W. and Little Neck 
Bay its E. border. Surface generally level^m the S trav- 
ersed by a stony ridge : soil a sandy loam, with some elav ' It 
is a well-eultivatcd t., and produces a vast amount of raai- 
ket vegetables. The v, lies at Ihc head of Fjushino- Bay 
and contains a Eoman Catholic, Episcopal, and 2 MeU.odisi 

223 



FLIT 



FOR 



churches, and 2 Friends' meeting-houses, about 20 stores, 
200 dwelliugs, and 2,600 inhabitants. It is much frequented 
In the summer months, and steamboats ply regularly to and 
from New York City. SL Paul's College, an Episcopal 
seminary, is situated on College Point, about 2 ra. N. of the 
village. Two newspapers, tho "Flushing Juiimal," and 
the ''Plain Dealer," arc issued weekly. Pop. oft. r),S76. 

Flushing, t. and p. v., Belmont co., Ohio ; 9S m. E. by N. 
Columbus. Drained by Still-water cr. of Tuscarawas r. The 
Y. contains various mechanic shops and stores, and about 
200 inhabitants, manyof whom arc Quakers. Pop. oft. 1,912. 
Flushing bay, ^'^ Y, : an arm of Long Island Sound. It 
Is 8 mile long, and about 1 mile wide, and navigable to the 
village of Flushing for steamboats. 

Flltaxna county, Virff. Situate E. centrally, and con- 
tains 416 sq. m. Drained by aflluenls of Itivanna and James 
rh"ers, theiirst of which passes through the co. from N. W. 
to S.E.,and the last marks its S. border. Surface generally 
broken, but between the rivers there is a level tract of bar- 
ren land. Soils indifTt- rent, except on the rivers, where they 
are rich allurion, and very fertile. Gold is found in all parts 
of the CO., and has been extensively gathered in the vicin- 
ity of Palmyra. Cotton and the cereals form the chief sta- 
ples. Farms 454; manuf. 51; dwell. 87S, and i)op.~wh. 
4,N39, fr. col. 211, si. 4,73T— total 9,4S7. Capital: Palmyra. 
Fluvanna, p. v., Chautauque co., Jf^. Y. : 279 m.W. S.W. 
Albany. 

Fly Creek, p. 0., La Grange co., Ind. : 133 m. N. by E. 
Indianapolis. 
Flv Creek, p. o., Otsego co., iV. Y. : 49 ni.'W. Albany. 
Fly Mountain, p. o., Ulster county, A"". Y. : 53 m. S. S.W. 
Albany. 

Flynn's Lick, p. o., Jackson co., Tenn. : on a tributary 
of Cumberland r. so called, 57 m. E. by N. Nashville. 
Focht's Forge, p. o., Schuylkill co., Penn. 
FoGEESviLLE, p. V., Lehigh co., Penn-.: 73 m. E, N. E. 
Ilarrisburg. It has about 20 dwellings. 

Fonda, v., and cap. Montgomery co., A1 Y. : on the N. 
Bide of Mohawk r., 37 ra.'W. N.W. Albany. The Utica and 
Schenectady R. R. passes through it. Its principal build- 
ings arc the court-house, jail, etc., and it has several exten- 
sive manufacturing establishments. A newspaper, the " F. 
Sentinel" (whig), is issued weekly. Pop. about GOO. 

Fond du Lao county," Wise, Situate E. middle, and con- 
tains 9fi4 sq. m. Drained in the W. by numerous streams 
falling into "Winnebago Lake, and in tlie E. by streams 
flowing to Lake Michigan. The Sheboygan and Milwaukie 
rivers arc the largest of these ; the soils excellent, and wood 
plentiful ; about one half tho surface prairie, and there arc 
Bpme swamps and ponds. Farms 921; manuf. 16; dwell. 
2,721, and pop.— \vb. 14,4G5, fr. col. 3— total 14,403. OipiUU : 
Fond du Lac. PuUic Works : Fond du Lac and Chicago 
R. R., and others projected ; also several plank-roads. 

Fond du Lac, p. v., and cap. Fond du Lac co., Wise. : on 
a river of the same name, near its entrance into the lake, 66 
m. N. E. Madison. It is a place of active trade, and steam- 
boats run regularly between this and other places on the 
lake and the Neenah r. Pop. about 2,000. A newspaper, 
the " Fond du Lac Journal" (dem.), is issued weekly. 

Fond du Lac, a lake, Wise. : this lake is from 80 toS5 m. 
long, and about 8 m. wide, and has a depth sufBcient for the 
pui-poses of navigation. The Neenah r. enters it near the 
middle on the W. shore, and leaves it at the N. W. angle 
by two channels, inclosing Doty's Island, by which it is 
connected with Little Bulte des Morts Lake. These chan- 
nels are known as the "Winnebago Eapids. Ou the N. 
extremity the shore is low, having a narrow sandy beach for 
an extent of about 3 m. On the E. side the shore presents 
remarkable features for an extent of 15 m., in a wall com- 
posed of rf'Oka laid together as if placed there by the band 
of art. A similar wall pertains to portions of the W. shore, 
but with less continuity than is observed on the E. In many 
rr-spect'i tbr sc-nery resembles that of Seneca Lake, in N. Y. 
224 



FoRBusa, p. c, Surrey co., A*". Car,: 123 m. "W. N. W. 
Raleigh. 

Fordham, p. v., Westchester co., Al Y. : on the line of tho 
Harlem R. K., 12 m. N. New York City. The v. contains 
about 70 dwellings, and is the seat of St. John's College, a 
Jesuit institution, and one of the most efficient schools of 
the United States. It was founded in lS41,and in 1S50 had 
16 professors and 65 students, and a librarj' containing 
12,600 volumes. Its alumni numbered 43. It has also a 
preparatory school attached. This institution is not only for 
those of tho Roman Catholic persuasion, but is open to all. 

FoBDSviLLE, p. v., Mariou co., Mi«8. : on the W. side and 
about 2 iiL distant from Pearl r., S2 m. S. by E. JacksoiL 

FoRDSvii.LK, p. v., Ohio county, Ay. ; IIS m. "W. by S. 
Frankfort 

FoRESTBCRGH, t. and p. v., Sullivan co., X. Y. : 86 m. 
S. S. "W. Albany. Drained by Neversink r., which affords 
water-power. Surface hilly ; soil gravelly loam ; while and 
yellow pine abounds. The v. contains about 20 dwellings. 
I'op. oft. 715. 

FoRFST City, p. v., Tompkins county, X, Y,: 134 m, W. 
Albany. 
Forest Dale, p. o., Rutland co., Venn. 
Forest Hill, p. o., Decatur county, Ind.; 49 m. S. E 
Indianapolis. 

Forest Hill, p. o., Union co., Penn.: 49 ra. N. by E. 
Harrisburg. 

Forest Lake, t. and p. o., Susquehanna co., Penn. : 137 
m. N. N. E. Harrisburg. 

I^best Retreat, p. o., Nicholas co., A'y. .' on the lino 
of the Lexington and Maysville K. E., 49 m. E. N. E. 
Frankfort. 

Forestville, p. v., "Wake co., 2^. Car.: on the line of tho 
Gaston and Raleigh R. R.. 16 m. N. Gaston. 

FoRiiSTviLLE, p. v., Hartford co,. Conn. : on the line of tho 
Providence, Hartford, and Fishkill R. R., 15 m. "W. S. "W. 
Hartford. ^ 

Forestville, p. v., Delaware co., Ohio : 47 ra. N. by W. 
Columbus. 

Forge Village, p. v., Middlesex co., 3fas8. : on the 14ne 
of Stony Brook II. E., 6 m. E. by N. Groton, and 27 m. 
N, W. Boston. 

Forked Deer river, Tenn. : rises by several large branch- 
es in Carroll and Henderson counties, which in Dyer and 
Haywood counties collect themselves into two principal 
constituents, which form the main stream a little S. W. of 
Dyersburg, and run thence to the Mississip])i r., which is 
entered by several mouths forming a deltoid, composed of 
several islands. The average length of the streams is about 
100 miles. 
Forked Rtter, p. o., Monmouth co.. If. Jer, 
Fork Inn. p. o., Dinwiddle co., Vir(t. : on the Petersbui^ 
and Farmville Turnpike, 27 m, S S. W. Richmond. 

FoRKLAND, p. o., Greene county, Ala. : 103 ra. "W. by N. 
Montgomery. 

Fork Meeting House, p. o., Baltimore co., Md. : on the 
S. side of Gunpowder Falls, 34 m. N. by E. Annapolis. 

Fork Ridge, p. o., Marshall county, Virg. : 22S m.N.'W. 
Richmond. 

Forks of Buffalo, p. o., Marion co., Virff. : on BufTalo 
ereek of Monongahela r., 208 m. N". "W. Richmond. The 
Baltimore and Ohio R. R. follows the valley of this stream 
on its N. side. 

Forks of Elkuorn, p. o., Franklin co., JTy. ; on Elkhorn 
cr., 9 ra. E. by N. Frankfort. 

Forks of Mary's River, p. c, Benton co., Oreg. : on St. 
Mary's r., 11 m. S. "W. Salem. 

Forks of Pigeon, p. o., Haywood co.. A''. Car. : on Big 
Pigeon r.. where it bifurcates 9 m. E. S. E. Waj-nesville, 
and 246 m. "W. by S. Raleigh. 

Forkston, p. v., "Wyoming county, Penti.: 95 m. N. E. 
Harrisburg. 
FoBKSviLi^, p. 0., Lake co., III. : 196 m. N. E. Springfield. 



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78 m 



Mechlenburgh county, Tlr 

152 m. N. N. W. 



FOEKSTILLE, p. 

8. 'W. EicbmonU. 

FoEKBTiLLE, p. T., 'Wachita par., La 
Baton liouge. 
FoRKTOWN, p. v., Somei^et co.,'Md. : 66 m. S.E. Annapolis. 
FOEK Union, p. o., Fluvanna co., J7r<7, .- 57 m. W. N.W. 
Eicbmond. 

FoBNEV'8, p. 0., Lincoln co., Jf. Car. : 14-3 ra. W. by S. 
Enleigh. 

FoEREST Home, p. o., Cass county, Tex. : 308 m. N. E. 
Austin City. 

FoEiiiTH county, Gn. Situate N. centrally, and contains 
SS8 sq. m. Drained by affluents of Cliatlahooebee r., wliich 
(lemarlis its E. and S. E. borders, and ofthe Etowah, which 
runs through the X. TV. corner. Surface hilly, being trav- 
ersed by the rugged watershed between llie Etowah and 
Chattahoochee rivers. Soils, except on tlie streams, of 
Inferior quahty. Timber abundant, and of various sorts. 
Gold has been found in this eo. to a considerable extent. 
The agricultural iiroducts are the grains, with some cotton 
and tobacco. Farms 765; manuf. 8; dwell. 1,334, and pop. 
— wh. T,812, £r. col. 11, si. 1,027— total S,S50. Capihd : 
Gumming. 

FoEBYTH county, K Car. Situate N. midillc. and con- 
tains 356 sq. m. Drained by affluents of Dan r. in the N., 
and of Vaiiliin r. in the S.,the latter of which lijrms in more 
than half its length the W. boundary. Surface brolien ; 
soil fertile. Farms 936 ; manuf. SO; dwell. 1.739, and pop. 
— wh. 9,663, fr. col. 152, si. 1,353— total 11,168. CqiitM: 
"Winston. 

FoESYTH, p. v., and cap. Monroe co., Ga. : on a brancli 
of Ocmulgee r., 47 in.W. Milledgeville. It has a line court- 
house, a jail,- three churches, several mechanic shops, and 
numerous stores, and about 600 inhabitants. A newspaper, 
the "Bee," is issued weekly. The JIacon and Western 
E. E. passes through the village. 24 m. from Macon. 

FoRSVTil, p. v., and cap. Taney CO.. J/o. ; on,tlie N. bank 
of White r., where it is joined by Swan cr., 142 m. S. by W. 
Jefferson City. It contains the co. olStes. several stores, 
and about SO inhabitants. One of the best agricultural 
sections of the State, now fast filling up with an imhislrious 
population, lies .about it. The canal has here two locks, and 
its summit level. It contains about 600 inh.ibitaiil3. 

Fort An,v.MS, p. v., Wilkinson co.. Miss. : on the E. side 
of the Mississippi r., opposite EcJ Eiver Landing, 114 m. 
8. W. Jackson. 

FOET AnAMS: a U. S. military post. Department No. 1. 
Eastern Division, Newport, H. J. LaU 41° 30' N., and 
long. 71° IS' W. 

Fort Axcie.vt, p. v., "Warren co., Ohio : on the line of the 
Little Miami E. E., 41 m. from Cincinnati, and 63 m. S. W. 
Columbus. 

Fort Axn, L and p. v., "Washington county, K T. : 53 m. 
N. by E. Albany. Drained by sever.al creeks falling into 
Lake Champlain and Lake George, the latter of which 
marks its N. "W. border. Surface mountainons, but much 
diyersifled ; soils Tarious— sand, clay, and alluvion. The 
Tillage is situate on the Champlain Canal, and also on the 
line of the Saratoga ami "V\'ashinglon E. E. The canal has 
here three locks, and its Summit level. It contains several 
stores, and about CHO inhabitants. Fort .inn, a celeljratcd 
stronghold in the French and Revolutionary wars, was 
erected at the head of boat navigation, on "Wood^s cr. in 
17.')G. The t. has several forges, tanneries, mills, etc., and 
8,.SS3 inhabit.ants. 

Fort Argtle, Bryan co., Ga. : on the W. bank of Ojee- 
chee r., opposite the "W. terminus of the Savannah and 
Ogeechee Canal (now closed), 10 m. W. Savannah. The 
fort was erected in 1733 to protect the settlers from the 
Spaniards; it is now in niins. 

Fort Atkinson, p. o., Clayton CO., la. : S4 m. N. by E. 
Iowa City. 
FoET Aremsos, p. v., Jefferson co., Wise. ; on the a. 

15 



at the heaa 
The Girard 

69 m. S. K. 

, Ga. : on 



FOR 

side of Eock r., about 2 m. above Koshkonoiig Lake, and 31 
m. E. S. E. Madison. 

Fort Bainrridge, v., Eussell co., Ala. : 

of Cowikee cr„ 51 m. E. by S. Jloulgomcry. 

and Mobile E. E. will pass through this place. 

FoKT Barrour, p. o., Barbour co., Ata. . 

Montgomery. 

Fort Barrixgton Fxret, p. v., M'Intosh 
the Alatamaha r., US m. S. E. Milledgeville. Fort Barring, 
ton lies on the E. side of the river, about 14 m. above Darien, 
was built by the Carolinians in 1720 to intercept the escape 
of negroes to the Spanish settlement at San Augustine, in 
Florida. 

Fort Bend county, Kir. Situate S. E., and contains 
S20 sq. m. Drained by the Brazos r. and its tributaries, 
and in the W. by iL" San Bernardo, which in part makes 
its W. boundary. ?,irfaee a uniform level, furrowed by the 
great riveris, on which are dense growths of timber ; throe' 
fourths ofthe county are open prairie. Soils, on the Brazoa 
a cboi-olate-colored loam, 20 to 30 feet deep- on the prairies 
black mold, resting upon clay. The prairies aff.ird excel- 
lent p.islurage. Farms 109 ; manuf. ; dwell. 199, and pop. 
— wh. 974, fr. col. 5, si. 1,054— total 2,5:33. Capital: Eich- 
mond. 

Fort Blount, p. o.. Jackson co., Tenn.: on the N. side 
of Cumberlan.l r., 57 m. E. by N. Nashville. 

Fort Bradv: a V. S. military post, Dep.artment No. 2, 
Eastern Division, Sault St. Marie, Mich. Lat. 463 29' 59" N., 
and long. 84° 43' W. 

Fort Bridoee, p. o., Kebrnska Ter. : a notcil Trading 
Post, 131 m. beyond the South Pass ofthe Eocky Mount- 
ains, and 113 from Salt Lake City. It is on the best travel- 
ed route to the M<irm"n settlements and California, and 1« 
well known to eniij^rants as a hospitable resting place, 
where every thing needful for comfort and health can be ob- 
tained. Col. r.ridger. the cra-ner, has resided here since 1S21. 
Fort Bro(ikk; a V. S. military po.it. Department No. 5, 
"Western Division, Tampa Bay, Ftor. Lat. 27° 57' N., anii 
long. 81° 52' \V. 

Fort Brow-def., p. o., Barbour co., Ala. : 72 m. S. E. 
Montgomery. 

Fort Brown : a U. S. military post. Department No. 8, 
Western Division, Brownsville, Tex., on the E. bank ofthe 
Eio Grande, opposite Matamoras. 

Fort Catron : a U. S. military post. Department No. 4, 
Eastern Division, St. Augustine, I^hr. Lat. 29^ 50' N., 
anfl 81° 27' W. 

Fort Caswell: a U. S. milit.iry post. Department No. 4, 
Eastern Division, SmithviUe, ^Y Car. Lat 34° 00' N., and 
long. 7S° 05' W. 

Fort Clark, p. o., Alachua co., Flor. : 98 m. E. S. E. 
Tallahassee. 

Fort CoLr.Mi!rs: a "p. S. military post. Department No. 
3. Eastern Division. Governor's Island, New York Harbor, 
X. r. Lat. 40° 42' N., and 74° 02' W. 

Fort Constitution : a IT. S. military post. Department 
No 1, Eastern Division, rortimouth, X Hamp. Lat. 43° 04' 
N., and long. 70° 49' "W. 

Fort Covington, t. .and p. v., Franklin Co., JV; Y. ; 15fl 
m. N. by W. Albany. Drained by Salmon and its tributary 
rivers flowing to tlie St. Lawrence. Surface diversified: 
soil, sand and clay loam, fertile. The v. lies on Salmon r., 
5 m. IVom its month, and contains several mills an<l stores, 
and about 800 inhabitants. The t. has extensive water- 
power, and is eligibly located for manufactures, havii 
rivers navigable Uy the St. Lawrence. Pop. 2,6.'>9. 

Fort Crochan : a T'. S. military post. Department No. S, 
"Western Division. Hamilton Creek, Austin, Tex. 

Fort Dade, p. o., Benton Co., F!nr. : on the "W. side of 
"Witblacoocliee r.. 155 m. S. E. Tallahassee. Between this 
and Fort Armstrong, on the opposite side of the r., is the 
site of the massacre of Major Dade and his companions bj 
the Indians 

225 



ving 



FOR 



FOR 



Fort Decatub, p. v., Macon co., Ala. : on the S. side of 
Tallapoosa r., 29 m. E. by N. itonlgoniery. It is built on 
thdsito of an old fort, and is now a flourishing v., through 
^wbich the Montgomery and West Point R. K. passes. 

Fort Defiance, p. v., Caldwell co., IT. Car. : 158 m. W. 
Ealeigh. 

Fort Des Moines, p. v., and cap. Polk co., la.: on the 
W, Bide of Des Moines r., 109 m. \V. Iowa City. It is a 
thriving trading town on the route of travel to Council 
BlutTs, and on the line of the projected railroad. It is a 
station at which overland emigrants can supply themselves 
■with every necessary, there being here several extensive 
Btorea, hotels, etc. 

For-T Duncan, p. v., Kinney co.. Tetr. : a V. S. military 
post, Department No. 6, Wrstorn Divi&ion, at Eagle Pass 
of the Rio Grand r., 224 m. S. W. Austin City. A flourish- 
ing town has been built at this point. 
, Fort Edwabu, t. and p. v., Washington co., M Y. : 89 
m. N. by E. Albany. Drained by Moosekill and other 
streams of Hudson r., which makes its W. boundary. Sur- 
face undulating ; soil, clay and loam, very fertile. The v. 
lies on tiie E. side of the IIudBon, and on the line of the 
Chainplaiu Canal and the Saratoga and Washington K. li., 
and contains about GOO inhabitants. Fort Miller lies at the 
S. end of the town. The ruins of old Fort Edward, erect- 
ed 17.'i5, are still existing in the village; and a little N. is 
the scene of the barbarous murder of Jane M'Crea by the 
Indians in the Revolutionary War. There are in the town 
several mills and stores, and 2,328 inhabitants. 

Fort Edwaed Centre, p. o., Washington co., ^ K ; S4 
m. N. by E. Albany. 

Fort FianFiELD, p. v., Aroostook co., 3fe. : on the S. side 
of Aroostook r., near the line of New Brunswick, 197 m. 
N. E. Augusta. 

FoET Fanning, p. c, Levy co., Flo7\ : formerly a tl. S. 
military post, on the E. side of Suwannee r., 79 m. 8. E. 
Tallahassee. 

Fort Gahtes, p. v.. Early co., Ga.: on the E. side of 
Chattahoochee r., 14S ra. S. W. Milledgeville, and opposite 
Franklin, Ala. It is the terminus of the South Western 
R. R., and a railroad will be continued from this place in a 
S. W. direction to Pensacola, Flor. It is already a place of 
commercial importance, and has a good river trade. 

Fort Gaines, p. v., Benton co., Minn. : on the Mis- 
sissippi r., immediately above the Sixth Rapids, 93 m. 
N. W. by N. St. Paul. 

FuRT Gatizs : a U. S. military post, Department No. 8, 
Western Division, on Leon river, Tea^as. 

Fort Gibson, p. o., Cherokee Nation, Ind. Ter. : on the 
Arkansas r., at the confluence of Neosho or Grand r., and 
a IT. S. military post, Department No. 7, Western Division. 
Lat. 350 4.S' t> !" N.. and long. 95° 09' W. 

Fort Geah-vm: a U. S. military post, Department No. S, 
Western Division, Jose Maria Village, T&c., on the E. side 
of Brazos r., lo3 m. N. by E. Austin City. 

Fort Gratiot: a U. S. military post, Department No. 2, 
Eastern Division, Mich. The v. of Fort Gratiot is situate 
at the head of a rapid at the outlet of Lake Huron, the en- 
trance of which is commanded by the fort. The fortifica- 
tions were built in ISU, at the close of the war witli Great 
Britain. 

Fort IIall, Oreff. Ter.: on nenr>''s r., a branch of 
Lewis or Sapten r., in lat. 4^'^ 01' ?.u" N., and long. 112^ 29' 
54" W. A few miles E. is the junction of tlio Oregon and 
California routes, the former of which passes Fort Hall. 

FoKT Hamilton, p. v.. Kings 00., N, Y.: on the E. side 
ef the Narrows at the entrance of New York Harbor. Fort 
Hamilton, on the land, and Fort Lafayette or Diamond, in 
the channel, and on the W. side of the entrance Fort Rich- 
nvtnd, command this important passage. The v. is pleas- 
r-nfly lucatod, overlooking n wide expanse of sea and the 
surrounding country, and is much resorted to for summer 
recreation, there being here a flue mansion for visitors, and 
326 



much agreeable society. Steamboats ply regularly to and 
from New York, and stages run several times a day be- 
tween this and Brooklyn. As a military post, Fort Hamil- 
ton belongs to Department No. 8, Eastern Division. 

Fort Harley, p. o., Alachua co., J'^lor. : 106 m. E. S. £. 
Tallahassee. 

Fort Uembree, p. v., Cherokee co., A^ Caj\: 294 m, 
W. S. W. Raleigh. 

Fort Henderson, p. 0., Macon co., Ala. : 46 m. W. by N. 
Montgomery. 

Fort Hill, v., York dist, S'.Car. : SS m. N. Columbia. 

Fort Hill, p. 0., Lake co., III. : ls7 m. N. E. by N. 
Springfield. 

Fort Howard: a IT. S. military post, Department No. 2, 
Eastern Division, Green Bay, Wiscoiui'tn. 

Fort Hull, v., Macon co., Ala. : SS m. W. Monlgonwry 

FoET Hvnter, p. o., Montgomery co., N. Y.: on the S. 
side of Mohawk r., and on the line of the Erie Canal, 31 m, 
N. W. Albany. Here are the ruins of an old coloni.1l fort. 

Fort IxDErENDENCE : a U. S. military post, Department 
No. 1, Eastern Division, Boston, Mass. Lat. 42° 20' N., and 
long. 71° ('4' W. 

Fort Inge: a U. S. military post, Department No. 3, 
Western Division, on Leona river, Taras. 

Fort Jackson : a U. S. military post, Department No. 5, 
Western Division, New Orleans, Louiaiana. 

Fort Jefferson, p. v., Darke county, Ohio : S7 m. W. 
Columbus. Military fortifications formerly existed at this 
point. It is about 6 m. S. by W. of Greenrilie. 

Fort Jennings, p. o., Putnam co., Ohio: on the W. side 
of Big an Glaize r., 97 m. N. W. Columbus. The ruins of 
the old fort still remain. 

Fort Jessup, p. o., Sabine par.. La. : between Red r. 
and Sabine r., 153 m. N. W. Baton Rouge. 

Fort Johnbon : a U. S. military post. Department No. 4, 
Eastern Division, Smithville, N. Car, Lat. 34° Oo" N., and 
long. 7S0 06' JV. 

FoET Kearnet, p. 0., Indian Countr.', Kchr. Ter.: a 
post of tlie U. S., at which several companies of soldiers 
are usually stationed for the protection of the Indian IVon- 
lier. Department No. 6, Western Division. 

Fort Kent, p. o., Aroostook co., Me. : on the S. side of 
St. John r., at the confluence of Fish r., 218 m. N. by E. 
Augusta, 

FoET Lafayette or Diamond : a U. S. military post, 
Department No. 8, Eastern Di\ision. At the Narrows of 
New York Harbor, J^. Y. It lies in the channel, off Fort 
Hamilton. 

Fort Laramie, p. o., Kehr. Ter. : on the S. side of Platte 
or Nebraska r., in lat. 42^ 12' 10" N., and long. 105° 21' 60" 
W. It is a U. S. military post, Department No. 6, Western 
Division. 

FoKT Leavenworth, p. o. : a U. S. military post, on the 
W. side of Missouri r., about 8S m. above the mouth of Platte 
r. LaU 390 21' 14" N., and long. 94° 44' W. Here are ex- 
tensive military works, defended by a company of dragoons 
and several companies of infantry. It is in the 6th Military 
Department, Western Division. 

FoET Lincoln : a U. S. military post, Department No. S, 
Western Division, on Rio Seco, Tfer. 

Fort Littleton, p. o., Fulton co., Penn, : 72 m. W. by S. 
Harrisburg. 

Fort Mackinac: a U. S. military post, Department No. 
2, Eastern Division, Mackinac, Mic7i. 

Fort Macon: a U. S. military post, Departmant No. 4, 
Eastern Division, Beaufort, J^. Car. 

Fort Madison, p. v., and cap. Lee co., la. : on the W. 
side of thcMississippi r.. 71 m. S. S. E. Iowa City. The site 
of an old frontier fort, and only laid out as a village in 1S35. 
Fort Madison is now a place of considerable manufactures, 
commerce, and wealth, and in ISoO had 1,512 inhabiuinta 
It contains a court-house, the county jail and offices, several 
handsome churches, Uie State penitentiary, and has man^ 



FOR 

fine brick stores and dwellings. Its river trnde is extensive, 
steamboats arrivin;^ and departing; several times a day ; and 
Ita trade witli the interior is coramensiirately large. The 
village, indeed, is the natural outlet of one of the richest 
Bections of the State. It is distant from Burlington 23 m. 
by river. Two newspapers are published here, the " Iowa 
Statesman" and the " Whig and liegister," both weekly. A 
branch of the Keokuk and Iowa City 11. K. will probably 
be extended to Fort Madison. 

Fort i['IlK.\RY: a IT, S. military post, Department No, 8, 
Eastern Division, Baltimore, .W. 

FoET M'Intosu: a U. S. military post, Department No. 
8, Western Division, Laredo, T&eas. 

FoET Marion : a U. S. military post. Department No. 4, 
Eastern Division, St. Augustine, j'for. Lat. 290 so' N., 
and long. 81° 27' W. 

Fort Martln Scott: a tJ. 9, military post, Department 
No. 8, TVestem Division, Fredericksburg, Tlvds. 

Fort Meade: a U. S. military post. Department No. 5, 
Western Divison, Tampa Bav, Flor. Lat. 27° 57' N., and 
long. 810 51' W. 

Fort Merrill: a V. S. military post. Department No. 8, 
Western Division, Nueces River, Corpus Christi, Tcr. Lat, 
270 47' 17" N., and long. 97° 27' 02" W. 

Fort Mifflin : a U. S. military post. Department No. 3, 
Eastern Division, near rhihadelphia, Penn. Lat. 39° 51' N., 
and long. 75° 12' W. 

FoET Mill, p. o., York district, S. Car.: 81 m. N. 
CoIumbi,a. 

Fort Miller, p. v., Washington co., W. Y. : ca the E. 
bank of the Hudson r., 84 m. N. by E. Albany. At this 
point the river has a fall of 20 feet, and a State dam, 8 feet 
high, is built for diverting the waters into the Champlain 
Canal, which passes through the village. There are several 
mills and stores here, and between .300 and 400 inhabitants. 

FoET Mitciiell. p. o., Kussell co.. A!ii. : ou the W. bank 
of Chattahoochee r., about 2 m. above the confluence of 
Big Ochec creek, 73 m. E. Montgomery. 

Fort Monroe: a U. S. milit.ary post. Department No. 4, 
Eastern Division, on Toint Comfort, rirg. Lat. 37= 02' N., 
and long. 760 12' W. 

Fort Montgomert, p. o., Cherokee CO., Al Car. : 297 m, 
W, S, W. Ealeigh. 

Fort Morgan : a TJ. S. military post, Department No. 5, 
Western Divison, Mobile, Alabama. 

Fort Mofltrie: a IT. S. military pbst. Department, No. 
4, Eastern Division, Charleston Harbor, & Car. Lat. 32° 
42' N., and long. 79° 56' W. 

Fort M'Eea : a TT. S. military post. Department No. 5, 
Western Division, Pensacol.1, Fhr. Lat. 30° 24' N., and 
long. 830 14' -^7, 

FoET Myers: a U, S. military post. Department No. ■'>, 
Western Division, Tampa Bay, Flor. Lat. 27° 57' N., and 
long. 87° 53' W. 

Fort Niagara : a TJ. S. military post, Department No. 3, 
Eastern Division, Toungstown, iV. }' 

Fort Ontario : a TJ. S. military post, Department No. 8, 
Eastern Division, Oswego, K. Y. 

Foet Tike: a U. S. military post, Department No. 6, 
Western DivisioiL, La. 

Fort Plain, p, v., Montgomery CO., K Y. : on the S. side 
of the Mohawk r., and on the line of the Erie Canal, 4S m. 
W. by N. Albany. It is a flourishing village, having sev- 
eral manufacturing estjiblishments and about 1,000 inhabit- 
ants. Fine stone is qutirried in the vicinity. Two news- 
papers, the "Mohawk Valley Gazette" (whig) and the 
" Eadii and Phceni-x" (neutral), are issued weekly. 

Fort Prerle: a TJ. S. military post, Dep.artment No. 1, 
Eastern Division, Portland, Me. Lat. 430 as' N., and Ion" 
TOO IS' w. 

Foet Prince, p. o., Spartanbnrgh disl., S. Car. 

Fort P.ecotert, p. o., Mercer co., Ohio: on a head 
branch of Wabash r., 97 m. W. N. W. Columbus. 



foh 

Foet Kiplev: a IT. 8. military post.. Department No. 6, 
Western Division, Miini. Tcr. * 

Fort Scott, p. o.. Bates oo.. Mo.: and a TJ. S. mUitary 
post, Dep.irtment No. 5, Western Division. It is situate on 
Marmiton cr. of Osage r., 140 ni. W. S. W. .Telferson City. 

Fort Seneca, p. o., Seneca Co., Ohio: 74 m. N. by W. 
Columbus. 

Fort Smith, p. v., Crawford co., Ark. : and a U. S. mil- 
itary post. Department No. T, Western Division. Situ;ite 
on the W. line of tlie State, where it is crossed by Arkansas 
r., 131 m. W. by N. Little P.ock. It is proposed to build a 
R. K. from Little Kock to this point. The •' Fort Smith 
Herald" is published weekly. Pop. OW. 

Fort Snellixc, p. v., an<l cap. DacoLih co., Mnn.: a 
U. S. military post, Department No. 6, Western Division, 
Situate at the confluence of Minnesota r. with the Missis- 
sipi>i. Lat. 440 63' N., and long. 9:3° OS' W. Within the 
jurisdiction of the fort there is a considerable village. 

Fort Sullivan : a U. s. military post. Department No. 1, 
Eastern Division, Eastport, Me. Lat. 41o +1' N., and long. 
670 04' W. 

Fortsvi'lle, p. v., Saratoga CO., N. Y. : 39 m. N. Albany. 

Fort Towson : a IT. S. military post, Department No. 7, 
Western Division. Situate a little N. of Eed r., Choctaw 
Nation, Ind. Ter. 

Fort TEtTMUDLL : a U. S. military post, Department No. 
1, East^'rn Division, New Loudon, Comi. Lat. 410 22' N., 
and l.mg. 72° 05' W. 

Fort Vallev, p. v., Houston eo., Ga. : 53 m. S. W. 
Milledgeville. At this point the Muscogee E. K. diverges 
from the South-Western It. R. 

Foet Warren: a United States military post. Depart- 
ment No. 1 , Eastern Division, Boston, J/cks. .• lat. 43,° 20' N., 
and long. 7104' W. 

Foet WA.^niNGTON, p. v.. Prince George's Co., Md. : a 
United Suites military post, Department No. 3, Eastern Di- 
vision. The V. is situate on the E. side of the Potomac r., 
between Swan cr. and Piscataway r., 15 m. S. of Washing- 
ton, D. C. 

Fort Wasihta, p. o., Chickasaw Nation, Ind. Ter.: a 
United States military post. Department No. 6, Western 
Division. Situate on Fidse Washita river. 

Fort Watne, p. v., and cap. Allen co., Ind. : on a high 
bank, opposite to which, gn the N., the SL Mary's and the 
St. .Toseph unite and form the Maumce r., in lat. 410 05' N., 
and long. S50 09' •«'., 103 m. N. N. E. Indianapolis. Here 
was the "Twightwee Village," or principal sect of the 
Miami, in their language called Ke-ki-o-qtie, and here too 
was olil Fort Wayne, built by General Wayne, Sept., 1794, 
and just below, on the opposite side of the Mauinee, was 
fought the disastrous battle of 22d Oct., 1790. At one time it 
was called '■ French Stores," .as it was for a long tune a 
trading post of that nation. Fort Wayne continued as a 
military post until 1S19, and until the removal of the Mia- 
mis and Pottowattomees in 1S4I, was resorted to by them for 
the disposal of their furs and to spend their annuities. It is 
now one of the most flourishing towns in the State, and 
contains about 6,000 inhabitanl-s. In 1 ^40 it did not contain 
more than 1,600 inhabitants. The Wabasli and Erie Canal 
gives it access to the Wabasli Valley and the Ohio r. on the 
one hand, and the Mauinee Valley and Lake Erie on the 
other. Railroads, also, are being constructed to Lake Erie 
and central Ohio; also to Chicago, on Lake Michigan, and 
southward to the Ohio r. Several plank-roads also extend 
into the interior. The surrounding country is one of the 
best farming sections, and produces abundance of grain 
and provisions. With these advantages of travel and 
transport, it must become a centre of a vast commerce, and 
in time a populous city, through which tho products of a 
wide territory must p.ass for a market. It already contains 
extensive warehouses, stores, etc.. the coiio'y buildings, a 
United States land ofBcc, a branch of the State Bank, etc,, 
and has many eubstimtial brick dwelUngs. All the principal 

a'3T 



FOR 



FOX 



religious denominations have churches in the place, and I 
there are several first-rate academies and schools, among 
which may be mentioned the Methodist Female College, 
and a Catholic institution under the Sisters of Providence. 
Two newspapers, the " F. "W. Bentine!" (dem.), and the 
"F. "W. Times" (dem.), are issued weekly. 

Fort Winnebago, p. v., and cap. Columbia co., Wise. : at 
the portage between the Fox and Wisconsin rivers, 83 ra. 
N. MadisoD. It is one of the eligibly-situated trading towns 
In the State, and has now about SOO inhabitants. The fort 
U abandoned as a military post. 

Fort Wolcott ; a U. S. military post, Department No. 1, 
Eastern Division, Newport, li. I. : Int. 41° 80' N., and long. 
71° IS' W. 

FoET Wood : a IT. S. military post. Department No. 3, 
Eastern Division, liedlow's Island, Harbor of New York, 
N. r.: lat. 40° 42' N., and T40 02' W. long. This island 
fortification has for many years been the chief Uecruiting 
Depot of the United States army, and at various times it 
has had over a thousand men under drill and subject to 
draft. Between 3,000 and 4,000 recruits are annually passed 
through this "gateway to glory.'' 

Fort Wood: a U. S. niilitar)- post, Department No. 5, 
Western Division, New Orleans, La. 

FoETv Fort, p. o., Luzerne county, Penn. : 93 m. N. E. 
Harrisburg. 

FoEWARDSTowN, p. v., Somcrsct county, Penn. : 123 in. 
W. by S. Harrisburg. 

FosTKR, t. and p. v., Providence co., P. I. : IS ra. W. 
Providence. Drained by head branches of the N. fork 
of Pawtuxet r., which afford water-power. Surface rough ; 
BOil indifferent The v. is located in the N. part of the town. 
In the town there are several furnaces, cotton and woolen 
factories, and numerous mills. Pop. 1,932. 

FosTEE, p. o., Bracken co., Ky. : 67 m. N. E. Frankfort. 

FosTKE Centre, p. v.. Providence co., P.L: 4S m. W. 
Providence. 

FoSTEEDALE, p. V., Sullivau counfj, iV". Y. : 92 m. S. W. 
Albany. 

FoBTERiA, p. v., Blair co,, Penn.: on the line of the 
.Eastern Division of the Pennsylvania K. li., 123 m. fi"om 
Harrisburg. 

Fostke's, p. c, Tuscaloosa co., J At. ; on the W. of Black 
Warrior r., 93 m. N. W. Montgomery. 

Fostee's, p. o., Marion co., III. : 7S m. S. S. E. Springfield. 

Foster's Crops Koads, p. o., Bledsoe co., Tenn. : 95 m. 
E. S. E. Nashville. 

Foster's Fork, p. o.. Prince Edward co^Tirg. : 62 m. 
W. S. W. Eichmond. 

Foster's MiLLfl, p. o., Seneca co., O?iio: 93 m. N. by W. 
Columbus. 

Foster's Mills, p. o., Johnson county, Tnd. ; 29 m. S. 
Indianapolis. 

Fo8TERviLLE,p. V., Cayuga county, K. Y. : 148 ra.W. by N. 
Albany. '^ 

Fosteevtlle, p. v., Kutberford co., Tenn.: on the line 
of the Nashville and Chattanooga P». K., 45 m. S. E. 
Nashville. 

FocNDEYViLLE, p. V., Columbia co., Penn. : 11 m. N. N. E. 
Harrisburg. 

Fountain county, Ind. Situate W. middle, and con- 
tains 890 sq. m. Drained by Coal and Shawanee creeks, 
tributaries of Wabash r. Surface mostly level ; on the S. 
and centre undulating, and variegated with forest and 
prairie. Soil a black loam, mixed -wilh sand, and very pro- 
ductive; clays prevail in the S. Crain, flour, and pork are 
the staples. Coal an'l iron ore are abundant, and manufac- 
tures engage much attention. Farms 1.857; manuf IfS; 
dwell. 2,251, and pop.— wh. 18.201. fr. col. 52— total 13,258. 
CapiUd : Covington. Public Works : Wabash and Erie 
Canal. 

Fountain, p. v., Carroll county, Ind. : 62 m. N. W. 
Indianapolis. 
228 



Fountain Dale, p. o., Adams co.. Pen?!. : 39 m. S. W. 
Harrisburg. 

Fountain Gheen, p. v., Hancock co., III.: on Decker's 
cr., a branch of Crooked cr. of Illinois r., S4 m. W. N. W. 
Springfield. 

Fountain Geeen, p. t., Chester county, Pemi. : 69 m. 
E. by S. Harrisburg. 

Fountain Head, p. o., Sumner co., Tenn. : 31 m. N. N, E. 
Nashville. 

Fountain Hill, p. o., Ashley co.. Ark. : 182 m. S. E. 
Little Pvock. 

Fountain Hill, p. o., Greene co., K. Car. : 55 m. E. by 3. 
Paleigh. 

Fountain Inn, p. o-, Greenville district, S. Car.: SI m. 
N. W. Culumbia. 

Fountain Eun, p. c, Monroe co., Ky. : 114 m. S. S. E. 
Frankfort. 

Fountain Seeing, p. o., Wood county, Virg. : 249 m. 
W. N. W. Eichmond. 

Foltjtain Spring, p. v., Schuylkill co., Penn. : 48 m.' 
N. N. E. Harrisburg. On the line of the E. E. between 
Potisville and Lewisburg. 

FoL-NT^viN Springs, p. o., Wapello co., la. : 63 m. S. W. 
Iowa City. 

FotmcuE A Eenault, p. o., Washington co., 3£o. : on a cr, 
of Maramec r., 73 m. S. E. Jefferson City. 

FouEonE Dumas, p. o., Eandolph county. Ark.: on an 
affluent of Great Black river so called, 183 m. N. N, E. 
Little Eock. 

Four Corners, p. o., Huron co., Ohio: 89 m. N. by E. 
Columbus. 

Four Mile Beancu, p. o., Barnwell dist., S. Car. : 72 m. 
S. W. Columbia. 

Four Mil's Branch, p. o., Monroe county, Tenn. : 157 m. 
E. S. E.Nashville. 

Four Mile Grote, p. o., Lee county, PL : 131 m. N. by E. 
Springfield. 

Four Mile Peateie, p. o.,Van Zandt co., Tex.: 212 m. 
N. N. E. Austin City. 

Four Mile Prairie, p. o., Fayette co., PI. : 63 m. S. E. 
Springfield. 

FowLFR, t. and p. v., St. Lawrence co., N. Y. : 137 m. 
N. W. Albany. Drained by Oswegatehee r. and its tributa- 
ries. Surface uneven ; soil, clay and sandy loam. The v, 
lies on the S. side of the river. There are several forgea 
and furnaces, and numerous mills in the t., and 1,S97 in- 
habitants. 

Fowler, t. and p. o., Trumbull co., Ohio: 146 m. N. E. 
Columbus. Drained by creeks of Chenango and Mahoning 
rivers. Pop. 1,039. 

Fowler's, p. o., Brooke county, Virg.: 252 m. N. W. 
Itichrnnnd. 

Fowlicr's M1L1.S, p. 0., Geauga co., Ohio : 136 m. N. E. 
Columbus. 

Fowlersvtlle, p. 0., Livingston co, K. Y. : a few miles 
W. of Genesee r., 204 m. W. by N. Albany. 

Fox county, /(/. Situate W., and contains 576 sq. m. 
Taken from Pottowattomee in 1S51. 

Fox, p. v., Davis county, la. : T7 m. S. W. by S. 
Iowa City. 

FoxBoRouGH, t and p. v., Norfolk county. Moss. : 28 m. 
S. S. W. Boston. -Drained by Pumford and Cocassel rivers 
of Taunton r., both of which furnish mill sites. Surface 
uneven: soils productive. The v. lies near the centre, on 
the E. of a small pond. The t. has considerable manufao- 
tures, and 1.830 inhabitants. The Boston and Providence 
E.R. passes through the S. E. part of the town. 

Fox Chase, p. o., Philadelphia county, Penn. : 93 m. E, 
Harrisburg. 

Fox Creek, p. o., St. Louis county, J/b. ; 88 m. E. 
Jefferson City. 

FoxcRorr, t. and p. o., Piscataquis couu.j. Me. : 78 m, 
N. N. E. Augusta. Sebec Lake lies on its N. border, and 



FOX 



FRA 



Piscataquis r. on its S. border, the tributaries of ivtiieh tlrain 
(he interior. Pop. 1.132. 

Fox Geovk, p. o., Burke co.. G't. : SI m. E. Milledgcville. 

Fox isles, J/iV/r. ; two islands, situate a few miles S. of 
Great Traverse Bay. 

Fus Lake, p. o., Lake county, Jll.: l&T m. N. N. E. 
Springfield, 

Fox river, Jll. : a principal constituent of the Illinois r. 
It rises in "Wisconsin, and after passing througb a chain of 
small lakes near the dividing line of the State, enters Illinois 
and Ickes a southerly direction to the Illinois r., into which 
it falls :it Ottawa. 

Foxrivcr, Wise. (5«^NEESAn river). 

FoxSpiiixG, p. 0., Overton co., Tenn.: 93 m. E. by N. 
Nashville. 

FuxviLLR, p. v., Fauquier co., Jlnj. : on Rappahannock 
r., 02 m. N. N. W. Bichmond. In the neighborhood is a 
One slate quarry, and also a sulphur spring. 

Foy's Store, p. o., Onslow county, JV'! Car. : 114 m. S. E. 
Raleigh. 

FfiAMiNGUAM, t. and p. v.. Middlesex co., Mass. : 21 m. 
W. by S. Boston. Drained by Sudbury r.. a branch of Con- 
cord r., on whicU are numerous factories and mills. It has 
also a number of ponds. Surface uneven ; soil fertile, rium- 
bggo is found in the t. The v. lies on the N. side of the 
river, and has considerable manufactures ; and a branch of 
the Boston and Worcester R. R., which runs through the 
6. part of the t., terminates here; and annther branch ter- 
mmates at Saxonville, a flourishing village to the N. E. of 
tJie principal village. The t. cunlains 4,2S5 inhabitants. 

Fkancesville, p. v., Northampton co., ^V. Car. : S-J m. 
N. E. Raleigh. 

Frakciscu, P.O., Stokes co., N. Car.: 108 m. W. N. W. 
Raleigh. 

Fran CISCO VTLLE, p. v., Jackson co., Mich. 

Francis Crebk, p. o., JIanitowoc co., Wise. : 110 m. N. E. 
Madison. 

Feancistown, t. and p. v., Hillsborough co., N. ITamp. : 
24 m. S. W. Concord. Drained by Piscat.iquog river and its 
branches. Surface rough ; soil generally stubborn ; but 
there is much fertile intclvale lauil. The v. is located on 
the 6. E. side of a large pond, and has several mills and 
stores. Pop. of 1. 1,114. 

Francistille, p. v.. Crawford co., Gn. : on the Knox- 
ville and Talbotton Turnpike. 5S m.W. S.W. Milledgeville. 

Feanconia, t. and p. v., Grafton co., iVi I/amp. : 03 m. 
N". by W. Concord. Drained chiefly by the S. branch of 
Lower Ammonoosuc r., on which are extensive iron-works 
and numerous mills. A branch of Merrimac r. also lias its 
rise in a pond, and flows S. Mountain is the prevailiiig ob- 
jecliou in the scenery. Profile Mountain, a bare, rugged 
summit, 1,000 feet high, when viewed from the N., presents 
a striking profile of the human countenance. The whole 
region is wild and picturesque. Iron ore, of fine quality, is 
found in the t., and has been manufactured for the past 
fifty years. The village lies on the N. side of the Ammo- 
noosuc branch. Pop. of t. ."34. 

Francosia, p. v., Putnam co., O/iio : on tlie W. side of 
Big Auglaize r., opposite the mouth of Blanchard's Fork, 
lOSm. N. W. Columbus. 

FftANCoNiA, t. and p. o., Montgomery co., Penn. : S4 m. 
E. Harrisburg. Drained by luiUan, Pike, and Shippack 
creeks, and by the N. E. branch of Perkiomen cr. Surface 
level; soil red shale. It is an agricultural t, and has 1,263 
inhabitants. 

Frankforp, p. v., Pike co., ^fo. : on a cr. of Salt r. of the 
Mississippi, 73 m. N. E. JelTerEon City. 

FaiXKioRD, p. b., Philadelphia co., Penn.: on Tacony 
cr., 5 m. X. K. Philadelphia, 97 ni. E. Harrisburg. It is a 
fiiiiiriihing town, and has several factories and mills. Pop. 
5,34G. A newspaper, the " Fraukfurd Herald" (neutral), is 
published weekly. 

Fkankfoed, p. v.. Greenbrier co., Virg. : on Thunder- 



gap cr. of Greenbrier r., 162 m.W. by N. Richmond. Pop. 
about 200. 

Frankfort, p. v., Franklin co., TIL : on Ewing's fork of 
Big Muddy r., 137 m. S. S. E. Springfield. It has several 
mechanic shops aud stores, and about 3uO inhabitants. 

Frankfort, p. v., and cap. Clinton co., /;jf7. ; on the W. 
side of Prairie cr. of the S. fork of Wild-c^it r., 41 m. N. N.W. 
Indianapolis. It contains a court-house, a jail, 5 churchea, 
and S or 10 stores. Pop. .5>*2. 

Frankfort, p. city, and cap. Franklin co., A'//-, and cap. 
of the Stale: on the E. side of Kentucky r.. f.2 m. above its 
confluence with the Ohio r., in lat. 38° 14' N., and long. 
34° 40' W.— 551 m.W. by S. WashingU^n, D. C. The river, 
here eighty yards wide, winds through a deep limestone 
valley, on a plateau of which the city is built, and opposite 
to and connected with it by a chain bridge, is South Frank- 
fort, its suburb. Behind the city the land rises abruptly 150 
to 200 feet to the general level of the country, from which 
elevation the v.illey scene is extensive, and full of picture. 
Heavy rains frequently cause the river to rise 50 or 60 feet 
above its ordinary level. The river, the navigation of whicft 
has been improved by locks and dams, is regularly navi- 
gated to Frankfort by steamboats of considerable burden, 
and an extensive commerce, supported by a fine country 
neighboring on the banks of the Kentucky, centres at this 
point. The city is also connected with the Ohio by a rail- 
road to Louisville, and there is a railroad to Lexington, at 
whii-'h place other railroads diverge to IheN. and N. E.,and 
also to the S.. whence they are continued to the Atlantic 
cities, aud to those of the Mississippi ;ind Gulf of Mexico. 
Frankfort is a well-built and compact place; the streeL'i are 
regular and wide, and many of the houses and public build- 
ings of brick and white marble. Of the latter material, 
M hicli is found abuiulanlly in all this region, the Slatfl 
House is built: it is a splendid edifice, 86 by 54 feet, with a 
Ionic portico in front, and a lighted cupola on the top. The 
State Penitentiary is also located here, and among its other 
buildings are tlie court-house, the county jail, a market, 
etc. Its public press consists of 1 daily, 4 weekly, 1 semi- 
monthly, and 1 monthly publications, viz., the "Common- 
wealth" (whigl. daily and weekly; the **01d Guard ;" the 
"■Kentucky Yeoman" (dera.). and the "Champion of Re- 
form" — all weekly ; the '' Ecclesiastical Reformer," semi- 
mc»ntlily ; and the " Methodist Monthly Magazine," month- 
ly. The manufaclures of the city are various and extensive, 
and ships of considerable burden have been built here, and 
floated down the river to New Orleans. The city was 
founded in 17S6, and was made the seat of government in 
17!>2. In 1310 it had 1.099 inhabitants; in 1320, 1,679; in 
13.30. 1.630 ; in 1340, 1,917 ; and in 1S50, 4,372. 

Frankfort, t. and ji. v., Waldo co., Me. : 51 m. E. N. E. 
Augusta. Drained iiy Marsh r. of the Penobscot, the latter 
forming the E. boundary, and affording a navigable chan- 
nel tlirougliout the year. Marsh r. supplies good water- 
power, and is the seat of numerous mills. The v. lies oa 
Marsh Bay, which sets up from the Penobscot. The t 
h;is an extensive lumber trade, an<l stores of various de- 
scriptions. Pop. 4,233. 

Fkankfort, t. and p. v., Herkimer co., N. Y.: 74 m. 
W. by N. Albany. Drained by the Mohawk r., which 
makes its N. boundary. Surface hilly and broken in theS. ; 
in the N. are rich alluvial flats. The v. lies on the line of 
the Erie Canal, and contains about 600 inhabilanta. The 
t. has several factories, mills, ete., and numerous stores. 
Pop. 3/'23. 

Frankfort, p. v., Ross co., Ohio : on the N. side of the 
N. fork of Paint cr., 41 m. S. by W. Columbus. It has sev- 
eral mills and workshops, and about 400 inhabitant.'^. 

Frankfokt, p. v.. Hampshire co., Virg.: on Patterson's 
cr. of the N. branch of Potomac r.. 151 m. N. N. W. Rich- 
mond. It contains several mechanic shops, about 85 dwell- 
ings, and 20O inhabitants. The Baltimore and Ohio K. E. 
rmis near lliis village. 



FRA 

FEANKroBT Hill, p. o., Herkimer county, N. Y.: 75 m. 
■W. by N. Albany. 

FEiNKroET Mills, p. v., Waldo Co., Me.: on Slarsh r., 
at Its mouth, 43 m. E. N. E. Augusta. 

Feanktoet Speings, p. v., Beaver county, Pmn. : 192 m. 
"W. Harrisburg. It contains about 120 inhabitants, and has 
several stores and mechanic shops. 

Feanklin county, Ahi. Situate N. W., and contains 
648 sq. m. Drained by Cedar, Bear, Little Bear, Spring, 
and other creeks, affluents of Tennessee r., which marks 
its N. boundary. Surface hilly and broken ; soils generally 
of average productiveness. Cotton is the great agricultural 
staple. Farms 913 ; manuf. 23 ; dwell. 1,96.'J, and pop.— wh. 
11,899, fr. coi 14, si. 8,197— total 19,610. CapiUl: Kussell- 
Tille. J'uUic Works : Memphis and Charleston E. R. 

Feanklis county. Ark. Situate N. "W., and contains 756 
sq. m. Drained by creeks of Arkansas r., which divides 
It through the midTlle. Surface elevated, hilly, and broken ; 
soil generally inferior, but on the river rich and fertile, pro- 
ducing cotton, tobacco, and the grains. The hill-regions 
of the N. and S. are adapted to grazing. Iron ore, copper, 
and other minerals abound, and there is a plentiful supply 
of good timber for building, etc. Farms 454; manuf. 3: 
dwell. 617, and pop.— wh. 8,497, fr. col. 3, si. 429— total 8,929. 
Capital ; Ozark. 

Feaxklin county, Flnr. Situate 8. of West Florida, and 
contains 824 sq. m. Drained by Appalachieola r., which 
forms in part the W. boundary, and empties through Appa- 
lachieola Bay.into the Gulf of Mexico, which lies on its S. 
border. Surface low and wet, with many ponds and 
swamps: soil rich and fertile. The islands of St. George 
and St. Vincent, which inclose the bay, belong to this coun- 
ty. Farms 0; manuf. 0; dwell. '261, and pop.— wh. 1,1S4, 
fr. col. 0, si. 877— total 1,6G1. Capital : Appalachieola. 

Feahklih county, ffu. Situate N. E., and contains 680 
sq. m. Drained in the N. E. by tributaries of Tugaloo r., 
■which bounds it in that direction, and in the centre and 
8. W. by forks of Broad r. All these ultimately fall into 
Savannah r. Surface elevated and hilly ; .soils of average 
fertility, producing the grains and some cotton. Farms 
1,805; manuf. 4; dwell. 1,546, and pop.— wh. 9,076, fr. col. 
65, si. 2,382— total 11,513. CapiUil : Carncsville. 

FBANKLts county. III. Situate S., and contains 432 
sq. m. Drained by the forks of Big Muildy r., an affluent 
of the Mississippi. Surface diversified ; soil of average pro- 
ductiveness. Besides the grains, which form the sUiple 
crops, cotton and tobacco have been grown with advantage. 
The greater portion of the co. is prairie, interspersed with 
timber groves ; the substratum is limestone. Farms 577 ; 
manuf. 0; dwell. 971, and pop.— wh. 6,646, fr. col. 35— total 
B,681. Capital: Benton. 

Feanklin county, Ind. Situate S. W., and contains 400 
sq. m. Drained by E. and W. branches of White Water r. ; 
and besides these are Salt, Pipe, Bed Cedar Grove, and 
other creeks. Surface pleasantly variegated, and soils of 
average fertility. Manufactures have made some progress. 
Indian mounds and other earth works are found in several 
parts. Farms 1,739 ; manuf 121 ; dwell. 3,2S6, and pop. 
— wh. 17,760, fr. col. 208— total 17,963. Capital : Brookville. 
Public Works: While Water Canal. 

Fbanklis county, la. Situate centrally, and contains 
576 sq. m. Taken from Pottowattomee in 1851. 

Feanklin county, Xy. Situate N. centrally, and con- 
tains 200 sq. m. Drained by Elkhom and other creeks of 
Kentucky r., which runs through it. Surface hUly and 
somewhat broken. Soils fertile, and weU adapted for the 
grains, tobacco, etc. It has also many manufactures and 
mechanic shops. Farms 850 ; manuf. 62 ; dwell. 1,458, and 
pop.— wh. 8,741, fr. col. 856, si. 3,365— total 12,462. Capi- 
tal: Frankfort, rvblic Work-l : Louisville and Frankfort 
E. K. ; and Lexington and Frankfort R. R., etc. 

Fbanklin parish, La. Situate toward N. E. of Western 
District, and contains 648 sq. m. It lies between the bayoux 
230 



FRA 

Macon and Banif, and is drained by affluents of these 
streams. Surface diversifled, elevated, and having several 
small lakes, or, rather, river expansions. Soils very fertile, 
and along the streams well wooded. Farms 283 ; manuf 
0; dwell. 346, and pop.— wh. 1,664, ft-, col. 14, si. 1,573— 
total 8,251. Ca/)!toi.- Winnsboro'. 

Feaxklix county. Me. Situate N.W., and contains 1,440 
sq. m. Drained chiefly by Dead r. and Sandy r., both con- 
siderable tributaries of the Kennebec ; in the N.W. Andros- 
coggin has its rise, and passes S. into Lake Acquessuck, etc 
There are numerous ponds in all parts of the county, the 
outlets of some of which furnish fine mill-sites. Surface 
undulating or hilly— in parts mountainous: soils of a supe- 
rior character, adapted alike to grain and grasses. Farms 
2,521; manuf. 135; dwell. 3,437, and pop,— wh. 20,007, 11-. 
col. 20— total 20,027. Capital : Phillips. 

Feankliu county, 3[ass. Situate toward N. W., and 
contains 650 sq. m. Drained by Deerfleld, and other trib- 
utaries of Connecticut r., which passes thiV>ugh it from the 
N. These streams afford immense water-power, which is 
used extensively for manufacturing purposes. Surface di- 
versified by hill and valley— along the Connecticut are ex- 
tensive meadows, and much of the soil is very fertile. It 
has also excellent pastures, on which are large numbers of 
live-stock. Farms 2,535; manuf. 285; dwell. 5,882, and 
pop._wh. 80,779, fr. col. 88— total 30,867. Capital: Green- 
field. Piilitic Works : Vermont ami Massachusetts R. E. ; 
Connecticut River R. E.; Greenfield and Korth Adams 
E. K., etc. 

FEAXKLpi county. Mm. Situate S. W., and contains 
672 sq. m. Drained by Homochitto r. and its branches, 
and also by the head streams of AmitS r. Surface moder- 
ately uneven ; soils not the best, except on the margins of 
the rivers. Pine barrens cover a large surface. Cotton, 
Indian com, etc., are its staples. The streams are very 
favorable for mill purposes. Farms 830; manuC 5; dwell. 
447, and pop.— wh. 2,540, fr. col. 14, si. 3,850— total 5,994. 
Capital : Meadville. 

Fbaxklix county. Mo. Situate E. middle, aud contains 
792 sq. m. Drained by Maramec r. and its principal trib- 
utary, the Bourbcuse ; also by numerous smaller streams 
falling into Missouri r., which makes the N. boundary. 
Surface moderately uneven, and the soil of average fertility. 
This is a fine mineral region, abounding in lead, iron, etc., 
ores wliich are extensively mined and reduced. Farms 
1,096; manuf. 32; dwell. 1,925, and pop.— wh. 9,542, fr. col. 
20, si. 1,459— total 11,021. Capital: Newport. PuUia 
Works : Pacilic E. R. 

Fp.ankiin county, JV. 1'. Situate toward the N. E., and 
contains 1,527 sq. m. Surface generally mountainous, ex- 
cept in the N. part, where there is considerable level or 
midulating lands. The soils are generally of a mixture of 
loam and sand, very productive. The interior is drained 
by the Saranac, running E. to Lake Champlain, and the 
Chataug.ay, Salmon, Trout, Deer, St. Regis, and Racket 
rivers flowing to the St. Lawrence. F.arms 1,647 ; manuf. 
129 ; dwell. 4,233, and pop.— wh. 25,043, fr. col. 59— total 
25,102. Capital : Malone. Public Works : the Northern 
(Ogdensburg) R. R. 

Fbanklin county. A'". Car. Situate N. middle, and con- 
tains 510 sq. m. Drained by affluents of Tar r., which runs 
through it ; the principal of these are Swift and Fishing 
rivers, the latter making the N. E. boundary. Surface di- 
versified, but generally level; soils naturally fertile, and 
along the streams producing fine cottoi^ and tobacco, and 
large crops of grain. Gold is found in several parts, and 
has been collected to a considerable amount. Farms 5S8 ; 
mairaf 25; dwell. 1,155, and pop.— wh. 5,634, fr. col. 54, sL 
5,607— total 11,713. Oipitoi; Louisburgh. Public Works: 
Gaston and Raleigh E. R. 

Feanklin county, Oliio. Situate centrally, and contains 
629 sq. m. Drained by Whetstone (Olentangy) and Sci..lo 
rivers and their tributaries. Surface low and level, some- 



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times wet; soil fertile, particularly on the streams, and well 
cultivated, but in most parts better adapted to grazing than 
grain growing. Farms 2,0GG; manuf. '241; dwell. 6,701, 
and pop.— wh. 41,310, fr. col. 1,600— total 42.910. Oij^ 
ital: Columbus. J^uhlic U<>;^--«; Ohio Canal; Columbus 
and Xenia I^^. I!. ; Cleveland and Columbus K. K. ; Central 
Ohio l;. K. ; Columbus and Bellefontaine R. U., etc. 

Franklin county, Peyui. Situate S. middle, and contains 
734 sq. m. Drained by the Cont-oocheague and Conedog- 
winit creeks and their branches, which furnish extensive 
water-power. It lies in tbe Killatinny Valley — the great 
limestone valley of the State, and is traversed by South 
Mountain and Tuscarora or Cove Mountain. Iron ore is 
abundant, is extensively mined and reduced, and while 
marble of a coarse texture exists, underlying the hilly re- 
gions. Farms '2,24T; manuf. 455; dwell, 6,690, and pop. — 
wh..S7,956, fr. col. 1,94S— total 39,904. Capital: Chambers- 
burg. J'ublic Wbr^s: Franklin li. li. 

Feanklin county, Term. Situate S. middle, and contains 
756 eq. m. Drained by Elk r. and other streams. Surfaoo 
hilly, being traversed by offshoots of the Cumberland Mount- 
ains ; soils generally fertile. It is a fine grazing ciunty, and 
produces the finest of grains and some cotton. Its water- 
power is considerable, and is used extensively for milling 
and manufacturing purposes. Farms 1,015; manuf. 67; 
dwell. 1,63S, and pop.— wh. 10,096, fr. col. 49, si. 3,623— 
tolflll3,7CS. a/i3(7rt/; Winchester. Public Tlor^s.-Nash- 
Tille and Chattanooga li. E., etc. 

Feanklin county, Verm. Situate N. W., and contains 
5SG sq. m. Lake Champlain forms its ^Y. boundary, and 
Uic Canada line its limit on the N. Surface hilly in the E., 
on the lake level ; soil fertile, and adapted alike for grain 
and grazing. Drained by Missisqu6 r. aud the Lamoille, 
which afford extensive water-power. At Swanlon there are 
quarries of fine clouded marble, which are extensively 
wrought and the stone exported. Farms 2,172 ; manuf. 103 ; 
dweU. 4,S2T, and pop.— wh. 28,500, fr. col, 36— total 2S,5S6. 
Capital: St. Albans. Pallic Works: Vermont Central 
E. E., etc. 

f^EANKLiN county, Tlrg. Situate S. middle, and contains 
5S0 sq. m. Drained by Tig r., Blackwater r., Maggoty cr., 
and other affluents of Eoanoke r., which marks its N. 
boundary-. The Blue Eidge forms its W. limits, and is the 
eource of all ita streams. It is a fine agricultural county, 
and has a large amount of live-stock ; and gold is found at 
the base of the hills and on the streams. Farms 1.299; 
manuf. 47; dwell. 2,024, and pop.— wh. ll.GSS, fr. col. 66, 
el. 5,726~total 17,430. Capital : liocky Mount. 

FRA^-KLIN, t. and p. o., Gloucester co.. A". Jer. : 44 m. S. 
Trenton. Drained by Eaccoon cr., the sources of Maurice 
r., and by branehes of Little Egg Harbor r. Surface level ; 
Boil sandy, and covered with pines. It has several glass- 
houses, and some other manufacturers. Fop. 2,9S4. 

Franklin, t. and p. v., Milwaukio county, Wise: 76 m. 
E. by S. Madison. Drained by Eoot r., which empties into 
Lake Michigan at Racine. Surface level ; soil deep and 
fertile, and well timbered. The v. lies a little "W. of the 
centre. Pop. of L 1,246. 

Franklin, p. v., Henry co., Ala.: on the W. side of 
Chattahoochee r., opposite Fort Gaines. 92 m. S. E. Mont- 
gomery. The South-western E. E. of Georgia terminates at 
Fort Gaines, and will be continued hence from Franklin to 
Eensacola. 

Fkanklin, t and p. v., New London co., Conn. : 32 m. 
E. S. E. Hartford. Drained by Susquetonscut r., a branch 
of Yantic r., and Beaver Brook, all whieh afford water- 
power. Ghelucket r. makes its N. E. boundarJ^ Surface 
uneven ; soil gravelly loam. The v. lies on the New Lon- 
don, W'illimantic, and Ralraer R. E., 20 ra. from New Lon- 
don. The t. has a number of mills and minor manufactures, 
but is chiefly devoted to agriculture and grazing. Pop. 895. 

Franklin, p. v., and cap. Johnson co., Ind. : on the E. 
Bide of Young's cr. of Sugar cr., an affluent of the E. fork 



of White r., 20 m. 9. by E. Indianapolis. The Madison and 
Indianpolis E. E, passes through the v., and the Martins- 
ville Branch E. E. diverges from this point. The v. is sit- 
uate on a high bluff, and contains a court-house and co. 
jail, several stores., aud 3,1G6 inliabitants. It is the seat of 
Franklin College, a Baptist institution ; and a newspaper, 
the " F. Examiner" (dcm.) is issued weekly. 

FnANELiN, p. v., and cap. Heard co., Ga,: on the E, sido 
of Chattahoochee r., 112 ra. "W. by N. Milledgeville. Ix 
contains a court-house, and about 30 dwellings. 

Franklin, p. v., Morgan county,///.; 26 m. W. S. TV, 
Springfield. 

Franklin, p. v., and cap. Simpson co., A'//. ; on t!ie W. 
side of Drake's *r. of Barren r., 145 m. S. W. Nashville. It 
contains a court-house, jail, etc., and about 40 dweUings, 
The Louisville and Nashville E. E.will pass through or near 
this place. 

Franklin, p. v., and cap. St. Mtirj''s par.. La. : on the "W. 
side of Bayou Tech6, 52 m. S. S. W. Baton Eouge. It is a 
place of considerable business, and has some river and 
coast trade. Pop. about 600. 

Franklin, t. and p. v., Hancock co., Me. : 91 m. E. byU. 
Augusta. Drained by ponds and creeks emptying into 
Taunton Bay, an arm of Frenchman's Bay, lying on the 
S. shore of the town. The v. lies near the head of the bay. 
Pop. oft. 736. 

Franklin, p. v., Holmes county, Miss. : on Big Cypress 
creek, 51 m. N. Jackson. 

Franklin, p. v., Oakland co., Jfich. : on a cr. of the N. 
branch of Eouge r., Q6 m. E. by S. Lansing. 

Franklin, t. and p. o., Howard co., J/o. ; 44 m. N. W. 
Jefferson City. Drained by Bonne Femme r., a tributary of 
Missouri r., which makes its S. boundary. There aro two 
villages here, Obi Franklin and New Franklin, the former 
lying on the N. bank of the Missouri, and the latter on 
Bonne Femme r., 2 m. N. of it. 

Franklin, t. and p. v., Norfolk co., Mass.: 27 m. S. "W. 
Boston. Drained by branches of Charles r., which marks 
its N. boundary, and affords good water-power. The vil- 
lage is situate near the centre, and is intersected by the 
Norfolk County E. R. The t. has considerable manu- 
factures, especially of straw bonnets, cotton goods, etc 
Pop. of t. 1,SIS. 

Franklin, p. v., and cap. Macon co., y. Car. : on the 
W. side of a S. branch of Tennessee r., 272 m. "W. S. W. 
Raleigh. 

Franklin, t. and p. v., Merrimac co., X. I/amp. : \^ m. 
N. by W. Concord. Drained by Pemegewassott and Win- 
nipiseogee rivers, which here unite and form Merrimac r. 
The village is situate on the Northern E. E., aud here di- 
verges the Bristol Branch E. E., 13 m. long. The t. has 
abundant water-power and some manufactures. Pop. 1,251. 

Franklin, t. and p. v., Delaware co.. K. Y. : 71 m.W. S. W. 
Albany. Drained by Oleout cr. and its tributaries, and 
affluents of Unadilla r. Surface broken ; soil a reddish loam. 
The village lies on the S. side of the creek, and contains 
about 600 inhabitants. The t. has numerous mills, and 
3 0*7.iuhabitant^. 

Franklin,!, and p. v., Warren co., Ohio: 12 m. W. S. W. 
Columbus. Drained by tributaries of Great Miami r., on 
the E. bank of which the village is located, and along which 
the Miami Canal runs. Pop. 2,544, 

Franklin, p. I'., and cap. Venango co., Penn. : on the 
S. side of French cr., at its confluence with Alleghany r, 
179 m. W. N. W. Harrisburg. It contaVis a court-house, 
jail, etc.. four churclies, several forges, mills, and stores, and 
atiout 936 inbabitauts. The creek is crossed by a bridge 
200 feet long, and the Alleghany r. is na\igable to this 
point for vessels of 60 or SO tons during half the year. Two 
newspapers, the "Advocate and Journal'' (neutral), and 
the *' Vcnangn Spectator"' (dem.), are issued weekly. A 
canal is jirojected to Erie, and the Alleghany Valley E. E. 
will probably touch on this village. 

231 



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Fkakklis, p. T., Essex co., X Jer. „„.„„! 

FEASKi-m, p. v., and cap. Williamson Co., Tmi.. on , 
Harpeth r., 19 m. S. bj- W. Kashvillc. It contains a conrt- 
houL etc., several stores, and about 60 dwell.ngs, and ba 
a newspaper, the "Western Eeview" C^'Wg). P"W-hed 
weekly. The KashriUe and Florence E. B. passes through 
ihp viilao-e. I'op. of t. 2,305. ,, , 

fJ^^.P.'., and cap. Eobertson Co., r«r. : on Mud 
«r. of Little Brazos r., 93 m. E. N. E. Austin City. 

Feankli-v, p. v., and cap. Pendleton eo., I"-ff..- on the 
■W side of the S. branch of Potomac r., 124 ra. W. vv. 
Kkhmond. It contains a court-house, and other county 
buildings, and about 200 inhabitants. 

Fbakkun, t. and p. o., Franklin co^r«™..: Mm. 

N N.W.Montpelier. Drained by Koche'S. r. and branche 

of Missisqui r. Surface rough ; soil moderately fertile and 

adapted to grazing. The viUage lies in the N. W part of 

Ihet. Agriculture is the general pursuit, but there are 

several mills on the streams. Pop. 1,C4<3. 

Feanhuk, p. v., Fulton eo., Ark. : 118 m. N. Little Eock 

Fea>-kli>- Cestee, p. o., Lee co.. /«. ; M m. h- Io«aC.ly. 

Feanklin City, p. v., Norfolk Co., J/.MS. ; 2S m. S. W. 

^FeTnklis College, p. o., Davidson Co., Tmn : near 
Ttashville. This college was founded in 1S45, and had in 
.650, 6 professors, 26 alumni, and SO students, with a hbrary 
of 8,000 volumes. „ 

Feanklin Coe-nees, p. 0., Erie co., Penn. : 214 m. Is. "fi . 

°f"™a.e, p. v., Bradford co., Penn.: 100 m. N. 
Harriiburg. 

Feanei-ix DKrex, p. o., Southampton CO., nrg. . 6a m. 
B. S. E. Eichmond. 

Feankld. Fuenace, p. 0., Franklin co., JV. 1.: lU m. 

N. Albany. ^ c. i t- 

Feanklin FtmnAOE, p. o., Scioto eo., Ohio : 93 ra. S. by E. 

Columbus. c- „ -n: 

Feanklin Fdexace, p. c, Sussex m.,N.Jer.. 6. m. >. 

'^FEASKLm Geove, p. o., Lee co., in.: at the head of 
Franklin cr. of Eock r. 142 m. N. Springfield. 

Feankliu M.LI.S, p. T., Portage eo., OMo : on Cuyahoga 
r 115 m N. E. by N. Columbus. The falls at this p.nnt 
create a great water-power. The Ohio and Pennsylvania 
Canal passes through the village, which contains numerous 
mills, and among the dwellings are many fine bu.ldmgs. 

Feasklis S..EINGS, p. o., Franklin co., Ga.: between 
the forks of Broad r., 84 m. N. MilledgeviUe. 

FEAKKi-m SWABE, p. V., Columbiana eo., Ohw: at the 
junction of Cherry and Middle forks of Little Beaver r, 
114 m E N. E. Columbus. It contains several large mills 
and factories, and ha3 about 800 inhabitants. The Ohio 
and Pennsylvania E. E. passes through the viUage, Go m. 

from Pittsburg. i„ . „„ 

Feakkli-ngtos, p. v., and cap. Washington par., Zn. . on 
. Uie E. side of Bogue CTiitto, CO m. E. N. E. Eaton Eonge. 

FEANKI.ISGTON, p. V., Henry co., Ky. : 26 m. N. W. 
Frankfort. 

Fbaxklisoton. 
N. N. E. Ealeigh. 

Fb.^skllxgtoI5 
W. 8. W. Albany. i.„ e s W 

Feankusgion, p. v., York Co., Pmn. : 15 m. S. b. ^\ . 

Harrisburg. 
FKANKUNTaLLE, p. V., CarroU co.. Ma. 
Feai,-klixtii.le, p. v., Eandolph eo., K. Car. : 72 m. Ti\ . 

Feakklinville, p. v., Gloucester co., K Jer.: 44 m. .. 

Trenton. i \r i* ■ 

FEASKUH^niLE, t, and p. v., Cattaraugus CO., A 1 • ■ 
234 m W S. W. Albanv. Drained by Ischua and Wcat 
Valley creeks. Surface undulating; soil, clay and loam. 
The v. lies in the N. E. part of the town. Pop of t. l.TOi,. 
232 



p. T., Franklin Co., A*. Car.: 87 m, 
, T,. v., Schoharie county, K J' : 48 m 



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FBA^-KSTOw^■, t and p. b., Blair county, -?«'«■■ .^f™' 
W by K. Harrisburg. Drained by creeks of Juuiata r. ,, 
Surface mountain and valley ; soil g™""!'*' 6"°*'-'" "^f 
valleys calcareous loam. The borough lies 2 m_N llolh- 
davsb«r.», and contains about 450 inhabitants. The t haa 
se;eral furnaces, etc., and 1,649 inhabitants. 

Feasksville, p. v., Claiborne par.. La.: 208 m. N.W. 

''"r., p. v., Korthampton CO., Yir,. : at the head 
of Naswadey cr., 1S2 m. E. Ealeigh 
Feantzdale, p. v., Ulster co., A'. T.: 6S m. S. S. w. 

Albany. „ -, „ r q F 

Feazee, p. 0., Chester county, P«m. ■• il m. E. 8. t. 

"FBlzBvfBUEOH, Muskingum county, OMo: on the Ohio 

Canal, 5S m. W. N. W. Columbus. ,ai m N E 

Fbease-s Stoee, p. o.. Stark co., OMo: 104 m. N. E. 

't™cA,p.v.,Eentco.,I..Z.:ontheK.sideof 

Sim:rLland!l6s' m. S. E. HiHeageville. Here are he 

ruins of a fort built by Gen. Oglethorpe in 1,36. The vU 

la»-e contains about 20 dwellings. . . ecn 

Fe^^o" BicK county, JW. Situate N. E.. and contains 560 

so m Drained by Monocacy r. and Catoctmcr. affluent 

of momac r. Surface undulating-in the W. South Monnt- 

a n anTits otTshoots render it somewhat hilly and broken; 

sSs various-in some parts decomposed slate, in others red 

sta irand in others of limestone formation. Its agrlcu^ 

urt Opacities are excellent, and it has extensive foresta 

of oak, hickorv, chestnut, locust, ash, etc. Its geology s of 

the Primary era; its principal rocks quartz, sandstone. 

Sue rte, dolomite, etc.. and there is a fine white marble 

to nd in the county. Copper, iron, manganese ores, and 

harvtes abound. Flouring mills, tanneries, smi heries, boo 

an shoe factories, woolen mills, etc., constitute its prmeipal 

nlstrial establishments ; of flouring "»" ^-^J- •^' ^f 

a^i J:- Frederick m- P^^^ "''"*'•• ^'^""'"^'^ "'"' 
OhioE.E.; Frederick Branch EE. ._^ 

Feedeeick county, Ii/l/. Situate in. r.., 
4S0 so m. Drained by Opequan, Back, and Sic p cr 
afflu n s of Potomac r. Surface diversified by lulls and 
v™ikvs and soil of average produeliveness-in some parts 
'"necially along the rivers, very fertile. Iron ore, potters 
.^ etc.! are abundant, and there are several extensive m- 
d 1 ; a stablishments in various parts. The s-ams afford 
fl e "'acr-power, which is extensively used for mill ug pur- 
„! F-frms 1 025- manuf. 89; dwell. 2,325. and pop.-- 
Tvh 10 76" "r col 12, si. 2,294-total 15.975. CapUaU 

\ r. Tni MCA'N , and long. 7i°l5 vv. ii is a 

r^rtrle, a substantial buihiing, the county jail, and othe 
uublc offices; 17 churches, some of them spacious and of 
fl e Irrt^eture ; several literary and scientific institutions 
and bo^000d;vellings,mos,lyofbrickorstone audniany 

I, Ihem elegant, and 6,028 iidi^Uants, o ;;^^^- 

„,riand only having -^ >— ^ ^^ d n's Collete, 
S:;::;in lSo;U?i:e:t;'or Eoman CaOiolic InstU 

,S--^:r:brr'r:^^=---- 



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more and Ohio R. R. The valley of Monocacy r. ia equally 
remarkable for its beauty, its rich agricultural resources, 
and ita mineral wealth. Frederick is the depdt ol" this dis- 
trii.'t, and has a large commerce. Kumerous manufactures 
are carried on, and ul^o a larc;e wholesale and retail trade. 

Fr.EDEKiCK, p. v., Mahoning co., Ohio : on a branch of 
Mahoning r., 12S m. N. E. Columbus. 

Fkedebick, t. and p. v., Montgomery co., Penn. : 74 m. 
E. byN. llarrisburg. 

Fredekick^bcrgh, p. v., Washington co., Irid. : on Great 
Blue r., 6S m. S. Indianapolis. It is a pleasant village of 
some 100 or 120 inhabitants. * 

Feederickskurgu, p. v., Wayne co., Ohio : on Salt cr., 
96 m. N. E. Columbus. It contains several mills and fac- 
tories, numerous mechanic shops, and about -IGO inhabitants. 

FEEDEKiCKSHUP.Gn, p. V., Osagc CO., Mo 

FuEDEBicKSBi-EGH, p. V., Lebanon co., Penn. : 39 m. 
E. by N. llarrisburg. Pop. 897. 

FBEDEiuciiSBURGH, p. V., aud Cap. Gillespie co., Tex. : on 
Barron's cr. of Pedcruales r., 73 m. W. Austin City. 

FREDWticKeBL'p.GH, p- b., Spotlsylvauia co., H/v- ■' on the 
S. W. side of liappahannock r., below the falls and at the 
head of navigation, 110 m. from its confluence with Chesa- 
peake Bay, 60 m. N. Richmond. Lat. 880 34' N., and long. 
770 3S' W. The city is surrounded by hills, and is laid 
out with great regularity. It has a court-house, jail, and 
public offices ; several factories and mechanic shops, and 
numerous wholesale and retail stores. It exports immense 
amounts of tobacco, grain, and corn, and has a flourishing 
Internal trade. It has one daily newspaper, the " Virginia 
Whig;" two semi-weeklies, the "Democratic Recorder" 
(dem.), and the " F. News" (whig), both of which issued 
weekly editions; and one weekly, the " Christian Banner," 
a religious publication. The falls of the Rappahannock, in 
the vicinity, afford good water-power; and the city is sup- 
plied with excellent water fi-om the river in pipes laid by 
a joint-stock company. The city was named in honor of 
Prince Frederick, the father of George III. In 1S30 it bad 
S,30T inhabitants; in lS-10, 3,974; and in 1S50 about 4,0G2. 
The Richmond, Frederick, and Potomac R. R. passes 
through the city. 

Fkede KICKS HALL, p. v., Louisa CO., Virff. : 31 m. N. W. 
Richmond. The Virginia Central R. R. passes through the 
Tillage. 

Feedeeicksville, p. v., Schuyler co., III.: 176 m. N. 
Springfield. 

Fkederickton, p. v., Marion co., lU. : on Skillet fork of 
LilUe Wabash r., 93 m. S. S. E. Springfield. 

Feedericktown, p. v., Washington ox, Ki/. : on Beech 
Fork, 43 m. 3. W. FrankforL 

Fredeeicktowx, p. v., Madison co., Jfo.: on a branch 
of St. Fran9ois r., VIG m. E. S. E. Jefferson City. Immense 
mining operations are carried on in the surrounding 
country. 

Fkedeeicktown. p. v., Knox co., Ohio: on Vernon r., 
42 ra. N. N. E. Columbus. The Columbus and Lake Erie 
R. R. passes through the village, 30 m. from Newark. P. 712 

Fekdekicktown, p. v., Washington co., Penn. : 1S4 m. 
W. Harrisburg. 

Feedon, p. v., Sussex co., J^, Jer. : 53 m. N. by W. 
Trenton. 

Fekdonia, p. T., Chambers co., Ala.: on a creek of 
Chattahoochee r., 71 m. N. E. Montgomery. 

Frei>o>ia, p. v., Crawford co., 7m?. .- on a high bluff at 
the lower end of the Horse Shoe Bend of the Ohio r., 106 
m. S. by W.' Indianapolis. It is about 4 m. below Loveu- 
worlh, and contains about 300 inhabitants. 

Feefjonia. p. T., Caldwell co.. Ay..- on Livingston's cr. 
of Cumberland r., 192 m. W. S. W. Frankfort. 

Fredonia, p. v., Washtenaw co., Mich. : 4S m. S. E. 
Lansing. 
Fbedonia, p. v., Rusk co., Ttve. : 226 m. N. E. Austin City. 
Feidosia, p. v., Chautauque co., y. Y. ; on Canadaway 



cr. of Lake Erie, 3 m. S. from Dunkirk and 27S m. W. by S. 
Alliany. It contains several mills and factories, and about 
1,200 inhabitants. The stores, hotels, streets, and public 
buildings are lighted by a '• natural gas" issuing from the 
bed of the creek. Several lighthouses on the lake shore aro 
also lighted by the same carburelted hydrogen, which bums 
as brUliantly as coal or rosin gas. The "F. Courier" twhig) 
ia published weekly. This is a pleasant and thriving 
village. 

Feedonia, t. and p. 0., Washington co., Witc. : 70 m. 
E. N. E. Madison. Drained by Milwaukie r. and ita 
tributaries. Pop. 672. 

FuEDOXiA, p. v., Licking co., Ohio : 27 m. N. E. Columbus. 

Fredonia, p. v., Williamson co., III. : on the N. side of 
Big Muddy r., 136 ra. S. S. E. Springfield. 

Fkedonia, p. v., Montgomery eo., 7'emi. : on a creek of 
Cumbcriand r., ;34 m. N. W. Nashville. 

Frei>onia, p. v., Macon couuty, Ga. : 76 m. S. W. 
Milledgeville. 

Free Beidge, p. o., Cass co., Gu. : on Etowah r., V2'£ m. 
N. W. MilledgeviUe. 

Freehubgu, p. v., Union co., Penn.: 49 m. N. N W. 
Harrisburg. 

FEEEDENSBiTEGn, p. v., Schuylkill CO., Penn. : 47 m. N. E. 
llarrisburg. 

Feeedum. p. v., Keokuk co., Ia. : 73 m. S. Iowa City, 

Feeedom, p. v., Owen co., Ind. : on the W. fork of White 
r., 50 m. S. W. Indianapolis. 

Freedom, p. v., Sauk county, THsc. ; on the N. side of 
Earaboo r., 3S m. N. W. Madison. 

Freedom, p. v., Carroll co., Md. : 51 m. N. W. Annapolis, 

Fei:i;dom, p. v., Lafayette co., Mo.: S6 m. W. N. W. 
Jefferson City. 

FREEDoa, t. and p. v., Waldo county, Me. : 27 m. N. E. 
Augusta. Drained by a branch of Sebasticook r. Surface 
level ; soil fertile. The village is called S. Freedom, and is 
a small agricultural setaeroent. Pop. of t. 94S. 

FuKEDOM, t. and p. v., Carroll co., J^. Hamp.: '46 m. 
N. N. E. Concord. Ossipee Lake borders it on the S., and 
receives its drainage. Surface uneven ; soil of average fer- 
tility. The village is located at the outlet of the lake, on 
the N. sitle of Ossipee r. Pop. of t. 910. 

Freedom, t. and p. 0., Cattaraugus co., A' Y. : 232 m. 
W. by S. Albany. Drained by Clear and other creeks of 
Cattaraugus cr. Surface level ; soil, gravelly loam, fertile. 
Sandusky and Chelsea are villages in this t. Pop. in 1850, 
l,6-»2. 

Freedom, t. and p. 0., Portage co., Ohio : 12S m. N. E, 
Colunil>us. Drainage imperfect. Surface level, and in 
some parts wet ; soil fertile. Pop. 996. 

Freedom, p. b., Beaver co., Penn. : on the right bank of 
Ohio r., 2 ni. K. of Beaver r. confluence, l'^2 m. W. by N. 
Harrisburg. The Ohio aud Pennsylvania R. R. passes 
through it, 23 m. fVom Pittsburg. It is pleasantly situate on 
rising ground, and has many facilities for river commerce. 
Engines and boilers are made here, and steamboats of large 
size are built. Pop. 524. 

Fkeedom, p. v., La Salle county, III.: 192 m. N. E. 
Springfield. 

Freedom Plains, p. v., Duchess co., K. Y.: 07 m. S, 
Albany. 

Feeeuold, t,p. v., and cap. Monmouth co.. i^'i t/^/-. ; 51 m. 
E. by N. Trenton. Surface wet ; soil, sandy loam and well 
cultivated. The village contains a court-house, county jail, 
and other public ofBces, several stores, and about 300 in- 
habitants. The Battle of Monmouth, a hard flglit of the 
Revolution, occurred here 2Slh June, 177S. The village has 
three periodicals^ the "Seminary Advocate" (educational), 
the " People's Advocate" (dem.), and " Young America" 
(whig), all issued weekly. There are in the t. numer- 
ous distilleries, grist and saw mills, mechanic shops, etc., 
and 2,633 inliabitanls. 

Freehold, p. v., Greene co., K Y. : on Catskill cr., 26 m. 

233 



I 

FRE 

B. Vi. AI!>any. It contains about 80 dwellings and 200 
inhabilaiils. 

Fbeel, p. o,, Polk CO., la. : 118 m. W. Iowa City. 

Fkeeland. p. 0., Baltimore co., Md. 

Freeland, p, o., Northumberland co., Penn. : 43 m. N. 
Harrisiburg:. 

Fkeei.and'8, p. 0., Muskingum CO., Ohio: 73 m. E. 
Goiumbus. 

Freeman, t. and p. o., Franklin co., Me. : 44 m. N. N-W. 
Augusta. Drained by a branch of Sandy r,, on which also 
the village is located. Pop. 762. 

FKEEMANsBiTtGH, p. V., Northampton co., P&tm.: 87 m. 
E. N. E. llarrisburg. 

Freeman's Landing, p. o., Hancock co., Virg. : on the 
Ohio r.. 264 m. N. "W. Eicbmond. 

Freemansville, p. v., Cherokee co., Ga. : 109 m. N. W. 
Milledgfvillc. 

Freemanton, p. v., Effingham co., ///. .* on a branch of 
Little "Wabash r.. 71 m. S. E. Springflelii. 

Freeo, p. o., TVasliita co., Ark.: 09 m. S. by E. LilUe 
Rock. 

Freeport, p. T., Shelby co., Jnd. : on the W. side of Blue 
r., 24 ni. E. S. E. Indianapolis. 

Freeport, p. v., and cap. Stejihenson co., IlL : on the 
S. side of Pccatonica r., 16S m. N. Springfield. It is a 
flourishing V. of 1,436 souls, neighbored by fine mineral 
09 w<'ll as agricultural lands, must eventually become an 
Important place. Two newspapers, the " F. Journal" (whig), 
end the "Prairie Democrat," are published weekly. The 
Galena Branch of the Central Illinois B. R. passes througli 
tlie village, and is here intersected by the Galena and Chi- 
cago Union R. E., which lines connect it with Galena on 
. the W., Chicago on the E., and Cairo on the S. of the State. 

Freei'Ort, t. and p. o., Cumberland co., Me. : 87 m. 
B. S. W. Augusta, at the head of Casco Bay. The village 
Is pleasantly situate, and has a small harbor, with some 
navigation and ship-building. The town is almost entirely 
agricilltnral, and has 2,629 inhabitants. 

FREEroHT, p. v., Harrison co., Ohio: on Big Stilhrater cr. 
of Tuscarawas r., 94 m. E. by N. Columbus. The Stillwater 
Is boatable to this place, and at its mouth, 20 m. distant, 
connects with the Ohio Canal. The village contains numer- 
ous warehouses, mechanic shops, stores, etc., and about GOO 
Inhabitants. In the t. of the same name there are several 
flouring mills and other manufacturing establishments. 

Fkbf.i'Ort, p. b., Armstrong co., Pnin. : at the confluence 
of Buffalo cr. with Alleghany r., Mrl m. W. by N. Harris- 
burg. The Pennsylvania Canal passes this village, crossiog 
the creek by an aqueduct. The village contains G or 7 
churches, of various denominations, numerous mills, fac- 
tories, and mechanic shops, and aboutl60 dwellings. Pop. 
1,07.% 

Fbeepoet, p. v., "Wood county, Virg. : 252 m. N. "W. 
Eiehmond. 

Freesuade, p. o., Middlesex co., Tirg. : 48 m. E. by N. 
Eichmond. 

Freestone county, TfiO'. Sitiiatc centrally on W. bauk 
of Upper Frenchy r., and contains about S60 sq. ra. Erected 
since 1S50. C'tpitfil: Freestone. 

Freetown, t and p. o., Bristol co., 3fass.: 43 m. S. 
Boston. Drained by branches of Taunton r., which makes 
the "W. boundary. Surface level: soil, light and sandy. 
The t. has some manufactures, and the New Bedford and 
Taunton B. B. passes through it. Pop. 1,1)15. 

Fkeetown, p. v., Jackson co., I/ui. : on a head branch 
of Salt cr.. 53 m. S. Indianapolis. 

Freetown Corners, p. v., Covirllandt co., A' T.: on a 
creek of Tioughnioga r., 113 m. 'W. Albany. 

Free Union, p. o., Albemarle co., Virg. : 69 m. W. N.W. 
Eichmond. 

Fm-xenrRon, p. v., Colorado co.. Tar. : on Peeper's cr., 
an affluent of Cummin's cr. of Colorado r., 80 m. E. S. E. 
Austin City. 
234 



FRE 

Fremont county, Ta. Situate in the S. W. comer of the 
State, and contains 496 sq. m. Drained chiefly by Nish- 
nabatona r. and Keg'cr., affluents of the Missouri r. Sur- 
face an extended prairie, except near the Missouri, which 
marks its "VV. border, where the land is somewhat broken. 
The soils are fertile and among the best of the State- 
Farms 105; manuf. 0; dwell. 222, and pop.— wh. 1,244, 
fr. coh 0— total 1,244. Capital: Sidney. 

Fremont, p. v., Pontotoc co., Misft. : 156 m. N. N. E. 
Jackson. 

Fremont, p. v., Steuben county, Ind. : 141 m. N. N. E. 
Indianapolis. 

Fremont, p. v., Obion county, Teim. : 152 m. W. 
Nashville. 

Fremont, p. v., Mahaska co,, fa. : on the highland be- 
tween Big Cedar cr. and the S. fork of Skunk r., 57 m. S. 'W. 
Iowa City. 

Fremont, p. v., Tolo co., CaU/. : on the "W. side of Sacra- 
mento r., opposite the mouth of Feather r., 62 m. N. E. 
Yallejo. 

Fremont, p. v., and cap. Sandusky county, Ohio : on the 
W. hank of Sandusky r., 96 m. N. by W. Columbus. To 
this point the r. is navigated by small steamers. The v. 
contains the court-house, etc., several warehouses, stores, 
and mechanic shops, and about 1,492 inhabitants. It is built 
on the site of old Fort Stonington. The Cleveland, Nor- 
walk, and Toledo E. E. intersects this place. 

Fremont, p. o., Itawamba county, J//*a. ; 172 m. N. E. 
Jackson. 

Fremont, p. v., and cap. Cedar co.. Mo. : on an elevated 
site between Cedar creek and Sac river, lOS m. S. W. 
Jeff'erson City. 

Fremont, p. o., Sullivan county, N. Y. : 87 m. S. W. 
Albany. 

Fremont, p. v., Shiawassee county, Mich. : 23 m. N. E. 
Lansing. 

Fremont, p. c, Brown county, Wise. : 118 N. N. E. 
Madison. 

French Broad, p. o.. Buncombe co., X. Car. : on French 
Broad cr., 22S m. "W. Ealeigh. 

French Broad river. A' Car. and Tenn.: a constituent 
of Tennessee r. It rises by numerous head branches from 
the declivities of the Blue Eidge in Buncombe co.. N. Car., 
and passing through a gap in the Stoney Mountains, enters 
Tennessee, and unites with Holston r., about 5 m. above 
Knoxville. It is navigable forboatsofl5 tons loDandridge. 
Its chief branches are tlie Nolichueky r. in the N., and 
Big and Little Pidgeon rivers in the S. 

Frbnoh Camp, p. o., Choctaw co., Mi&s. : 74 m. N. N. E. 
Jackson. 

French Creek, p. o., Knox county, Ml : on the cr. so 
called, 79 m. N. N. W. Springfield. 

French Creek, t. and p. v., flhautauque county, .v: K ; 
tlie southernmost t of the State, 293 m. "W. S. W. Albany. 
Drained by French creek. Surface hilly ; soil moist sandy 
loam. The v. is located on the cr. near the centre, and 
contains about 20 dwellmgs. In the t. there are several 
mills. Pop 725. 

French Creek, t. and p. o., Mercer co., Penn. : 189 m. 
W. N.W. llarrisburg. Drained by tributaries of Alleghany 
river, one of which, named as above, passes through the 
N. E. part of the t. Surface level ; soil clay and loam, 
of moderate fertility. It has several tanneries and mills, 
and 1,126 inhabitants. 

French Creek, p. o., Lewis co., Virg. : on a cr. of the E. 
fjrk of Monongahela r.. 176 ni. W. N. W. Richmond, This 
is an agricultural settlement, ohieflv of New Enghmd people, 
and contains about 80 scattered dwellings, various mechanic 
ehops, etc. 

French creek, K T. and Pfirm-. : rises in Chautauque co., 
New York, and passes into Pennsvjvania through Erie, 
Crawford, and Morcer counties into Venango co., in which 
last it joins the Alleghany r, at the borough of Franklin, 



FRE 



FUL 



after a enurse of about 100 miles, for one half of which dis- 
tance it is boat able, 

FuENcu Gbant, p. 0., Scioto CO., Ohio: on the S. E. part 
of the CO., near Ohio r., 95 ra. S. by E. Columbus. 

yiiENXH GiiOTE, p. o., Bureau co., IlL: on a branch of 
Spoon r., 103 m. N. by W. SpringfieM. French Grove con- 
tains much lino timber, surrounded by rich rolling prairies. 

Fiiiiscu Island, p. v., Spencer co., Ind. : on the Ohio r., 
at the head of French Island, 131 m. S. by W. Indianapolis. 
It is a small v. of some 10 or 12 dwellings. 

Fr.KNcn Lick, p. o., Orange co., Ind. : 79 m. S. S. W. 
ludiauapolis. 

Fuencjiman's bay, Me. : this important arm of the Atlan- 
tic is bounded W. by Baker's, one of the Cranberry islands, 
and K. by a peninsula of the mainland, on the \V. side of 
which is Musquilo Harbor. The distance from Baker's 
Island to Skuttock Point is 10 m., and its depth is 20 m. 
It receives many valuable streams, and contains a number 
of excellent harbors and beautiful islands. It is easy of 
access, never obstructed by ice, and is one of the best re- 
treats in a storm on the American coast. 

Fkeixou Mountain, p. o., Warren county, 2s\ T.: GS m. 
N. N. W. Albany. 

Fr.ENcn's Cocner, p. o., Kennebec co., JA'. 

Frknch's Mills, p. o., Bradford co., Penn. : US m. 
N. by W. llarrisburg. 

Frencuton, p. v., Lewis co., Virg.: 1"4 m. "W^. N. W. 
Eichmond. 

" FiiENcuTowN, p. o,, Ilunterdon county, N. Jer. : 29 m. 
N. by W. Trenton. 

French Village, p. v., St. Clair co., El. : about G m. E. 
Blinoistown, and 90 ni. S. by W. Springfield. 

Fkenoiiville, p. v., Clearfleld co., renn. : 108 m. N. W. 
IlaiTisburg. 

FlTEWSBiniGn, p. v., Chautauque co., iV. Y.: on the E. 
side of Couewango or., 274 m. W. S. W. Albany. 

FREYsuusn, p. 0., Montgomery co,, Ji. Y. : 47 m.W. N-AV. 
Albany. 

Friar'b Point, p. o., Coahoma co., 3Ilss. : 138 m, N. byW. 
Jackson. 

Frick'h Gap, p. o., Walker county, Ga. : 187 ra. N. W. 
Milledgeville. 

FiuBDENSviLLE, p. V., Lehigh CO., Penn, : 77 m. E. N. E. 
Harrisburg. 

Fkibnufield, p. o., Marion dist., S. Cat: : 97 m. E. N. E. 
Columbia. 

Friend's, p. o., Chautauque co., N'. Y. 

Friend's Geove, p. o., Charlotte co., Vtrff, : 74 m.W. S.W. 
Eichmond. 

Frirndsdip, p. v., Sunipter county, Ga. : 97 m. S. "W. 
Milledgeville. 

FaiENDSuip, p. o., M'Etonough co., lU.: 73 m. W. N. W. 
Springfield. 

Friendship, p. vn Anne Arundel co., M7. 

Fhiendsuip, p. v., Fond du Lac co.. Wise. : 61 m. N. E. 
Madison. 

Friendship, t. and p. o., Lincoln co.. Me.: 36 ni. S. E. 
Augusta. Muacongar Bay bounds it on the W., and the 
Atlantic on the S., giving it considerable trading facilities. 
Several islands, ofif the coast, are included in the town. 
The village lies on a small estuary in the S. E., and con- 
tains about 20 dwellings. Pop. of t.G52. 

Fbieni>ship, p. v., Guilford co., N. Cm: : 78 m. W. N.W. 
Eakigh. 

Friendsuip, t. and p. v., Alleghany county, A''. Y. : 218 m. 
W. by S. Albany. Drained by Canipan's er. of Genesee r. 
Surface undulating; soil, argillaceous mold. The village, 
on the line of the New York and Erie E. E., is a flourishing 
place of some 500 inlial>ilants. Pop, of t,l,(i25. 

Friendship, p. v., Sumter district, S. Car.: 07 m. E. S.E. 
Columbia. 

Friendship, p. o., Franklin co., Miss.: 73 m. S. S. W. 
Jackson. 



Friendship, p. o.. Dyer co., Teyjn. : 143 m.W. Nashville. 

Friendship, p. o., Scioto co., Ohio: SO ni. S. Columbus. 

Friendsville, p. v., Wabash county, IlL : 13S ni. S. E. 
Springfield. 

Friendsville, p. v., Blount county, Term. : 1G3 m. E. S. E. 
Nashville. 

Friendsville, p. v., Susquehanna county, Penn. : 122 m. 
N. N. E. Harrisburg. 

Feisbie's Mills, p. o., Warrick county, Iiuf. : on Little 
Pidgeon river, about 4 m. from its m.outh, 130 ni. S. l>y W 
Indianapolis. 

Frog Level, p. o., Newberry dist., -S". Car. 

Fronteea, p. v., Socorro co., N'. Me^. 

Frontier, p. o., Clinton co., X. Y. : 154 m. N. Albany. 

Front Eoyal, p. v., and cap. Warren co., Vinj. : on 
Happy cr. of the Shenandoah r., about 1 m. from its mxjutlL 
It is the present terminus of the Manassas G^p II. E., which, 
however, it is intended to extend to Harrisburg. in Eock- 
ingham co. It is a pleayantly situated village, and contains 
a court-house and other co. buildings, 2 churches, .several 
stores and mechanic shops, mills, etc., and about 504 in- 
habitants. 

FROSTBtTRon, p. v., Allcghauy Co., Md.: on the National 
Eoad, 10 m. W. Cumberland, and 156 m. W. N. W. Anna- 
polis. A railroad extends hence to Cumberland, which is 
chiefly used for the conveyance of the coal and iron of the 
Frostburg mining district to that point. Frostburg is ona 
of the most elevated villages in the Union, being, according 
to Schriver, 1,792 feet above the level of Chesapeake Bay, 
It is the centre of a vast mining region. 

Frozen Creek, p. o., Breathitt co., Ky.: 102 m. S. E. 
Frankfort. 

FiuriT Hill, p. o.. Christian co. ,'Ky.: 152 m. W'. S. W. 
Frankfort. 

Fruit Hill, p. o., Vigo co., I7id. : 78 m.W. Indianapolis. 

Fruit Hill, p. o., Clearfleld co., Penn.: 112 m. N. W. 
Harrisburg. 

Fruit Hill, p. o., Edgefield dist., S. Car. : G7 m.W. by S. 
Columbia. 

Fruit IIill9, p. v., Warren county, Ohio: 86 m. S. W. 
Columbus. The " Eegcnerator," a monthly periodical, is 
issued at this place. 

Frtburgh, p. v., Auglaize county, Ohio : 7S ni. N. W. 
Columbus. 

FRYEBiTEGn, t. and p. v., Oxford co.. Me. : Go m.W. S.W. 
Augusta. Drained by the Saco r., which passes through 
it. Surface varied ; soil is generally light, but on the river 
very fertile. The village, on the E. side of Saco r., is .'iituate 
on a beautiful plain surrounded by hills, and near it is 
"Loveirs Pond," celebrated in Indian warfare. Pnp. I..'i24, 

Fryer's liniDOK, p. o.. Pike co., Ala.: 49 m. S. by E. 
Montgomery. 

Fryer's Ponds, p. o., Burko county, Ga. : SO m. E. 
Milledgeville. 

FuLDO, p. v., Spencer county, Ind. : 122 m. S. by W. 
Indianapolis. 

Fuller's Point, p. v., Coles co., ///. .' 75 m. E. by S. 
Springfield. 

Fullersville Iron Works, p. o., St. Lawrence county, 
N. Y.: on a branch of Oswegatchio r., 131 m. N. W. 
Albany. The works here are extensive, and the village 
contains about 400 inhabitants. 

Fulton cnmly, ArJc. Situate N. middle, and contains 
82S sq. m. Drained in the E. by the forks of Spring and 
Strawberrj' rivers, aftluents of Big Black r., and in the W. 
by a large branch of White r. Surface diversified — in some 
parts broken : soils generally fertile. The streams afford 
many fine mill sites, and While r. is here navigable fiir 
boats of large size. Farms 220; manuf. ; dwell. 28S. and 
pop.— wh. 1,763. fr. col. 1, si. 50— total 1,819. Capital: 
Pilot Hill. 

Fulton county, IV. Situate toward the W. centrally, 
and contains S64 sq. m. Drained by Spoon r., Copperaa 

285 



FUL 



cr. ana othcf affluenls of Illinois r., Mhich makes its E. and 
S i. boundan. Surlacc undutaliiig, and consisling of 
praine and l.mber in about equal pro,,orlio„, ; soil, a deep 
black mold, very fertile. Iron ore i, abundant and ha^ 

dvvc 1^ 3,811, and pop.-wh. 22,492, fr. col. 16-totai 22,608 
Capital: Lewjstown. 

J',l"T,r"'""?;^"f- •^'""'"•N. centre, and contains 867 
«... l)ra,.,e,l by the tributaries of the Tippecanoe, near 
«h^h here ,s son.e hilly land, otherwise the surface ij level 
forflw ""; "'"""S- "■ ■"'• N. K. and E. there are dense 
^^e^'rh '," r"^ '""'"" »'■'«'"'=■«, with occasional 
grmes. Ihe t,.,d,er lands are the best, being a deep black 

r ,; ,„'™ "'" '' '"'"'"'=""• -t'^rms TT7; ffianuf. 13; 

a^lLz! p' ,"" ""''•""*''• ^'^^"^ "■ ""• 2-'otal 5,9S2. 
iMpital: Koehester. 

Fulton county, K,j. Situate in S. W. corner of Ihe State 

and contains ISO sq. m. Brained prh.cipally by Eavou 

Desha cr.,and is boun.led on the \\. and N. W. bv"ihe 

MasKssippi r. Surface gcerally le,el; soU rich a.,d" pro- 

small lakes wh.ch have their outlets into the Mississippi. 
The agricultural products are, tobacco, the cereals, ami 
17' '^^"- *:""^ 361 : manuf. 9 ; dwell. 5S«, and pop.- 
/■!;i;.c Horfa).- Mobile and Ohio K 1; 

tata^^nr ™""'>''/ ^- Siluate N. E. centrally, and con- 
tarns oOO sq. tn. Drained by Sacandaga r. and East Oin 
. acr Surface hilly, approaching to^n^ou^^fin^" iUof" 
tl._e valleys very fertile. Farms I,SC1; manuf. 23S; dwell 
8,-36, and pop._„h. 20,079, fr. col. 92-total 20,171. fi,«. 
todv'l- p"t""; ?"" '*'''*•■ ^'"'^ -""i Sehenet 

i-ULTOx county, Wi.a Situate N. W., and contains 432 
^ " • f '■"'■x^'l ehleay by Tiffin r. and a number of other 
smaller tributaries of Maumee r. Surftice moderately un 

dwel l,.3oo, anil pop.-wh. 7,7S0 fr. col. l_total 7 781 
Capual: Dover. PuUic Works: Fon Wayne, Pent 
burg, and Sandusky E. E., etc. ' 

Drained by affluenU of the Potomac and Juniata riCe" 
Surface hilly, with Ibrtile and extensive valleys. 1 is a 
fine grain and grazing eounlry, and exports largely of its 

erTarm,' "It" ^""■"r'™"' """---'-oal, peters c ay 
etc Farm 531 ; manuf. 49; dwell. 1,.383, and pop.-wh 
.,4,4, fr. col. 93-total 7,007. Capital: UarrisonviUe 
ITLTON, p. v., Hempstead co., Art. : on the N. side of 

ml'lV Ernie" L£ "' ''' '°""'™'^' "' *""- ^-^■™- ^ 
Fulton p. v., Whiti-sides Co., 11!.: on the E. side of 
Mississippi r., 144 ra. N. by W. Springfleld 

FvLTos, p. v., an<l cap, Itawamba eo., Jfiss. : on the E 
».de the E. fork of Tombigbee r., 16S m. N. E. Jackson 
It conLains a court-house and 220 inhabitant 
i iTLTON, p. v., Barry co., 3fieJ,. : 42 m. W. by S. Lansing 
Fi-LTON. p v., and cap. Callaw,.y co., J/„. .- on Au.x Vases 
r. of Missouri r., 26 ra. N. E. Jefferson City. It contains a 
court-house and other county buildings, several stores Id 
«bo„t 600 inhabitants With a thickly populated neighbor' 

pli^hedn:" "''''""'"• ""= "*"-''°"^' ^"^=-"1"''" - 

vln"""'^.' "•' "'"■''' "••' ^' ""•■■• °n the W. side of 
Vadkm r., 93 m. \V. by N. Ealeigh. 

n£?'""''' f;J" °™''S° ™""'^' ^' ' ■ ■■ "" Ibe E. side of 
Oewego r ,39 m. W. N. W. Albany, and on theline of the 
Oswego Canal, 27 m. from Syracuse and 1, m. ttorLake 
Ontario. ,he r.ver here h.as a fidi of 20 fee^ which pr^ 
duces an immense hydraulic [lower, which propels seve ^ 
flour an. other mills. The -F. Patriot- is issifed we ek v 
It IS a thrnmg and pleasant village, containing-numeroiw 
stores and about !,S00 inhabitants. "umerous 



FUN 



FuLTO.N-, t. and p. v., Hamilton eo., Ohio: 97 m S W 
Columbus. It extends along the Ohio r. 2} m., and back 
' to the hill about half a mile, and is situate immediatel? 
above Cmehmati. The village, about a mUe from the city 
has extensive lumber yards, 11 steam saw mUls, and 6 shini 
yards. As many as 40 to 50 steamboats are built here a^ 
nually, besides barges, ships, etc II has aUo a drj- dock. 
The Little Miami E. E. passes through its principal street. 
1 he whole town is a scene of industry, and as a suburb of 
Cmcinnati, it is one of its most important sateUites. Pon of 
t. m 1S40, 1,506 ; in ISSO, 3,225. 

Fulton, p. v., Westmoreland co., renn.: 147 m W 

Ilarrisburg. Pop. 1,797. "' 

Fulton, p. v., Dallas co., Ala. : 89 m. W. Montgomcrv. 

sZl"'"''J' ^•' ^™"--- l'^'- ^- f«'-..- on the Erside "of 
Santee r., 87 m. S. E. Columbia. 

E^ba^nk^'orM- ^-""""'""^ ™- ^i""-- on a bluff of the 
E ba„|, 01 Mississippi r., above the confluence of Big 
la ehee r., 1,3 m. W. by s. Nashville. It has some riv« 
tra.le and about 40 dwellings. "<ue rner 

Fulton, t. and p. v., Eoek county, IF«e. .• 42 m. S K 
Madison Draine.l by Catfish and other affiuents of E^ck 
r., which winds through the town. The village is located 
at he confluence of Catflsl, an.l Eock rivers. Pop 82= 

Pocher;"- ' -i''"''™ "^•' '"" ■■ ™ '"« Loganl^ort'kna 
Eochester turnpike, SO m. N. IndianapoUs. 

Fulton lakes, Al Y. .• a chain of S lakes, lying partly in 
Herkimer and parUy in IlamUton counties. The v are co^ 
neeled by navigable outlets, forming the head branches o^ 
Moose r., wiiieh in Lewis county empties into Black river 

Fulton Centime, p. v., Fulton co., III.: on the E Jde 
of Spoon r opposite the viUage of Bernadotte, 54 m. N W 

FuLTONHiM, p. v., Schoharie CO., .v; Y. : on the W. sida 
of bchoharie cr., 82 m. W. by 8. Albany 

FuLToNuAst, p. v., Muskingum eo., Ohio: 66 m E. 
Columbus. It has several manufacturing establishments 
and mechanic shops, and about COO inhabitants 

FuLToNviLLB, p. v., Montgomery co., Jf. Y.: on the S 
bank of Mohawk r. and on the Erie Canal, 37 m. W N W 
Albany. The river is here crossed by a bridge. The'vil' 
age eon ains several stores and mechanic shops, a dry dock 

paperTe" M ",' "''°'" *'" ""■"'""'"'^ = -' "-as a newt 
paptr, the -.M.mtgomery Whig," which is issued weekly 

/uslic:: """"' '"P"^"^ '° ^™"^' ""= county-s::, o"' 

FuNny. bay of: this bay washes a part of the eastern 
shore Of Maine, and is an important channel of Lmr™ 
between he United States and British provinces of New 

in I'aTSoir^ """] f ""- 1' -^ "p -.Id c;: s^^: 

^lore of Maine a little W. of Frenchn.an's Bay, from Uie 
mouth of Which to the cape is about 150 mite. From 
Eastpor to St. John's, N. li., is 60 m., from S !Vohn' S 

atr^o'm'VT' r" 'r"""'' '° "'"'^«- "-^-° 

neetoC T^ e^N w';';: t' u't;!'^ '"'"' "^-^"^^ 

the S V ,!,„ r, , ' ' " ''^"'"^ Chignecto Bay, and 

If c^ign rCisn nri^"'^"^'''"" '" '"^■''-'^ 

I P.nsin nf M- , , • '° ^^ "idsor, at the head of the 

' ? eoLmX:; 'cZT '""' '''""" '» """f- « - 
fl.h„,- , '^ ''"y '* "'^'y considerable and iLs 

than -fan .,K''r'onH"- ■''f," ". '"^ ''''' '" ^™"^ 
creases in „J ., ,• " ™'''"'' ""'' ^"' elevation in- 

";^ngtrSriSr'rf"icr.r"r"'^^ 

.pecin,en, of asbes.3. The^ tj:^;^'^::^! 



FUN 



GAL 



most persistont fogs, and the absence of good hitrbors be- 
tween Eastport and St. John's, and from St. John's to Chig- 
necto Cape, render the navigation dangerous and difficult. 
The tides herald their approach by a roaring turmoil, and 
ovenvhelm in their course all opposition, the first tide wave 
being from S to 10 feet in height. The harbor of St. John's 
ia of easy access, safe, and of sufficient expanse and depth 
for a large fleet. It is located at the outlet of the great river 
of the same name, in lat. 46>^ W N., and long. 66° W. Its 
chief export is luml)er, ami of this material it supplies by 
far the greatest quantity received in England. 

FuNKsrowN, p. v., Washington co., Md. : on the E. bank 
of Antietam cr., 55 m. W. N. W. Annapolis. It is a con- 
siderable village, and has 193 inhabitants. 

Furnace, p. c, Erie co., Ohio. 

FuKNACE, p. o,, Berks co., Penn, 

Furnace Village, p. v., Litchfield co., Conn. : on a 
creek of Salmon r., AA m. W. by N. Hanford. Here are 
extensive smelling works, famous for tlie production of a 
a fine quality of iron. The ore is obtained from a bed in 
the W. part of the U, near the New York State line. 



G 

GAi-.niEL's Cr.KEK, p. o., Yancey co., K Car. : 212 m. "W. 
Kaleigh. 

Gaddetville, p. v., Robeson co., iV. Car. : 93 m. S. S.W. 
Ealcigh. 

Gaddisto'wn, p. v., Union co., Ga.: 133 m. N. by W. 
Mitledgeville. 

Gadfly, p. o., Barry co., Mo. : 14V m. S. W. Jefferson City. 

Gadsden county, Floi: Situate centrally in W. District, 
and cont-ains l,15ll sq. m. It extends from the Georgia line 
to the Gulf of Mexico, and is inclosed on the E. by Oek- 
Ipckony r., and in the "W. chiefly by Appalaehicola r. Dog 
Island, off the coast, belongs to this county. Surface gen- 
erally low and leve! — on the Appalaehicola r. arc hills or 
bluffs, and toward the S. the lands are somewhat marshy ; 
soils on the streams generally fertile, liut in other parts 
there are extensive pine ban-ens and sandy wastes. Cottoti, 
rice, sugar, and tobacco are grown. Farms 4S2 ; manuf. ; 
dwell. 6~4, and pop.— wh. 3,900, fr. col. 4, si. 4,ST9— total 
S,7S3. Cupittd: Quincy. 

Gadsdes, p. v., Cherokee co., Aiti. : 134 m. N. by E. 
Montgomery. 

GAD9DE.V, p. v., Richland dist., S. Oar. .- on the N. E. side 
of Cedar cr. of Congaree r., and on the line of the Colum- 
bia Branch R. 11.. 19 m. S. E. Columbia. 

Gage's Lake, p. o.. Lake county, JU.: 192 m. N. E. 
Springfield. 

Gage's Point, p. o., St. Francis co.. Ark. : 91 m. E. N. E. 
Little Rock. 

Gaiianna. p. v., Franklin co., Ohio. 

Gailey'k Mill. p. o., Hall ci>., Ga.: 07 m. N. by W. 
MUle'lgcville. 

Gaini-jr's Store, p. o., Pike co., Ala.: about 4 ra. E. 
Conecuh r. and 49 S. by E. Montgomery. 

Gaines, t. and p. v., Orleans Co., X. Y. : 224 ra. W. by N. 
Albany. Drained by branches of Oak Orchard cr. of Lake 
Onlario. Surface generally level; soil, clayey loam, very 
fertile. The v. is situate on the Ridge Road, and contains 
about GO'i inhabitant.-*. Pop. of t. 2,722. The Erie Canal 
passes through the S. portion of this town. 

Gaines, t. and p. o., Tioga co., Peim. : 112 ra. N. N. "W. 
Ilarrisburg. Drained b) Fine cr., an affluent of the W. 
branch of Susquehanna r. Surface diversified by hills and 
valleys; soils of moderate fertility. It constitutes a fine 
grazing country and has abundance of limber. Pop. 531. 

Gainbs' Bend, p. o., Hawkins co., Tenn. : 216 m. E. by N. 
Nashville. 

GAmaauoEOUOU, p. v., and cap. Jackson co., T^niu ; on 



the left bank of Cumberland r., 61 m. E. N. E. Nashville. 
It contains a court-house and other pubhc buildings, and 
about 300 inhabitants. 

Gainesbokough, p. v., Frederick co., Virg. : on & branch 
of Back cr. of Potomac r., 122 ni. N. N. W. Richmond. It 
contains several mechanic shops and about 200 inhabitants. 

Gaines' Caoss Roads, p. o., Rappahannock co,, VirQ.: 
84 m. N. N. W. Richmond. 

Gaines' Landing, p. c, Chicot co., Arl: : 134 m. S. E. 
Little Rock. 

Gainestown, p. v., Clark cmnty, Ala.: 106 m. S. W. 
Montgomery. 

Gainesville, p. v., Sumter co., Ala. : on the "W. side of 
Little Tombigbee r.,at the mouth of Okanoxnbec r., 112 m. 
W. N. W. Montgomery. The *' Republican Pilot and Sen- 
tinel*' (dem.) is published weekly. Pop. about 600. 

Gainesville, p. v., and cap. Greene co., Ark. : about 17 
m. W. of St. Francis r. and 137 m. N. E. Little Rock. It is 
situate in the midst of a fine prairie country, and has a 
court-house, jail, etc., and about 200 iiihabitanLs. 

Gainesville, p. v., and cap. Hall co., Ga. : on the lefl 
side and 3 m. E. of Chattahoochee r., 92 m. N. N. W. Mil- 
ledgeville. It has a court-house, jail, etc., and has several 
stores and mechanic shops, with about 300 inhabitants. 

Gainesville, p. v.. Hancock co., Miss. : 129 m. S. S. E. 
Jackson. It is a flourishing village, and has a newspaper, 
the "■ Pine Knot" (disunion), a weekly issue. 

GArNTSVii.LF, t. and p. v., Wyoming co., Al F. ; 21y m, 
W. by S. All>any. Drained by Allen's and other crcrks 
of Genesee r. Surface undulating, sometimes hilly ; soil, 
clayey loam, and Ibrlile, well adapt^'d to grazing. The v., 
in the centre, contains several stores and about 45 dwell- 
ings. Pop. of t. 2,663. The Buff"alo and New York City 
R. R. crosses the t in the N. E., 38 ra. from Ilomellsville. 

Gainesville, p. v., Allan county, Ki/.: 124 m. S.W 
Frankfort. 

Galena, p. v., Floyd co., Ind. : on a branch of Indian 
cr., 96 m. S. by E. Indianapolis. 

Galena, p. city, and cap. Ju Daviess co., III. : on both 
sides of Fever (properly Feve or Bean, or, as some have tt, 
Fevre. from a settler named Lc Fevrel r., 6 m. from Iho 
Mississippi r., and 1S3 m. N. by W. Springfield. It is the 
metropolis of the great lead region of northern Illinois and 
the commercial dep6t of an extensive and fine country, the 
river being navigable to this point for the largest river 
steamers at all seasons. Its trade extends to all the towns 
on the Mississippi and Ohio rivers. The two parts of the 
city (the most densely populated part being on Uie W. side 
of the river), are connected by bridges; it contains a court- 
house, jail, and other county buildings, several churches 
and schools, and has extensive manufactures, chiefly con- 
sisting of such as are incident to the peculiar business of 
the place. Large quantities of copper are also smelted 
here, and there are numerous flour and saw mills. In 1S51 
it exported 33,082,190 lbs. of lead, valued at $l,4n.?51,and 
among its other priueipal ex'ports were flour, 39,335 barrels ; 
baric-y. 42,731 bushels; pork, 3,1S5 barrels; lard, 125,000 
pounds; bacon, 312,56'S pounds; butter. ST,61S pounds; 
eggs, 22,SS0 dozen; hides and skins, 9,8iO; horses, SCO; 
cattle. 1.500. etc., etc. It is also a great lumber market— in 
the same year it receivcil 5,0So,6S4 feet Inmber, 2,470,5i)0 
shingles, and timber and wood of other descriptions. Ga- 
lena has two daily papers, the "North-'Western Gazette" 
(whig), and the "G. Jeffersonlan'' (dem.)— the first named 
has also tri-weekly an<I weekly issues, and the latter a 
weekly cilition. The city was first settled in 1826, and was 
then an outpost of the wilderness, 300 m. from the s-^ftle- 
ments. In 1S40 it had 1.S43 inhabitants, and in ISlio its 
population numbered about 6.500, with a densely settled 
vicinity. The Galena Branch of the Illinois Central R. R. 
passes through the city, and the Galena and Chicago Utiron 
R. R., gives it access to the lake porta and roads leading 
eastward. 

237 



GAL 



GAL 



Galena, p. v., Delaware co., Ohio: on IJig Waluul cr., 
IS ni. N. N. E. Columbus. 

Gales, p. v., Sullivan county, K, Y. : 63 m. S. S. W. 
Albany, 

GALtsnurujH, p. v., Knox co.. III.: 86 m. N, N. 'W. 
$prin;Ellel(i. It id the scut of Kntix College, founded in 
1S37, and which, in 1S60, hud 5 professors, 25 alumni, and 
49 students; and a library of 2,470 volumes. The v. con- 
tains several stores and about COO inhabitants, and here arc 
published two newspapers, the " G. News Letter" and the 
"North-Western Gazetteer," both weekly issues. The Cen- 
tral Military Track K. K. will here form a junction with the 
Aurora Kxtensiori R. 11.; and the Peoria and Oquaka E. E, 
will intersect the former a little S. of the v.— these, together, 
forming direct communication between Chicago and two 
points on the Mississiiipi river. 

GALESBUBun, p. v., Kalamazoo co., 3n<:h. : on the N. side 
of Kalamazoo r., 52 ra. 8. W. Lansing. It is a thriving v., 
and has numerous mills and stores. The Michigan Central 
E. E. intersects it 134 m. W. from Detroit. 
Gale's Fekcy, p. o.. New London co., Coyin. 
Galesville, p. v., "Washington co., Ji. Y.: about a mile 
S. of Baltenkill and 31 m. N. N. K. Albany. 

Galion, p. v., Crawford co., Ohio : on the W. branch of 
Whetstone r., 54 m. N. N. E. Columbus. It is a thriving 
village and an important railroad station on the Cleveland, 
OoJuiubiis, and Cincinnati E. E., 70 m. from Cleveland and 
170 m. from Cincinnati. Here also will be tlic E. terminus 
of the Bellefontainc and Indiana E. E. 

Gallaguekville, p. v., Chester co., Penii. : on the line 
of the Philadelplua and Columbia R. E., 72 m, E. by S. 
IVora Harrisburg. 

Gallatia, p. v., Gallatin county, ZIL: 162 m. S. S. E. 
Springfield. 

Gallatin county. III. Situate S. E,, and contains 324 
eq. m. Drained by Saline er. and its tributaries. The Wa- 
bash and Ohio rivers bound it on the E.. and above the 
mouth of the first mentioned there is a large island formed 
by the bifurcation of the stream. Surface undulating and 
chiefly prairie, with some swamps in the eastern section ; 
soil chiefly sandy, resting on slate ; and there are several 
salt springs. Earms 570; manuf. 17; dwell. 1,000, and pop. 
— wh. 5,100, fr. col. 839— total 5,445. Capit<il : Equality. 
Public Woi'ks: Alton and Nashville E. E. (projected). 

Gallatin county, Ky. Situate N. middle, and contains 
152 sq. m. The Ohio r. makes its N. boundary,'and Big 
IJone Lick on the N. E., and Eagle r., a branch of Ken- 
tucky r., on the S. W., its boundaries in these directions. 
Surface undulating, and on the Ohio hilly; soils, fertile, 
producing good crops of the grains and tobacco. In every 
part of county fine timber is plentiful. Farms 414; manuf. 
11 ; dwell. 747, and pop.— wh. 4,309, fr. col. 34, si. 704— total 
5,137. Capital: Warsaw. 

Gallati-N, p. v., Parke co., Ind, : on the S. side of Big 
Pidgeon cr., 56 m. W. 8. W. Indianapolis. It has numer- 
ous mills, and both up and down the stream mills of all 
descriptions are in full operation. 

Gallatin, p. v., and cap. Copiah co., 3IUfi. : on the right 
Bide of Bayou Pierre r., 34 m. S. S. W. Jackson. It has a 
court-house, etc., and about 400 inhabitants; and here is 
published the "G. Argus," a weekly newspaper. The 
country around is noted as a fine cotton growing region. 

Gallatin, ]>. v., and cap. Daviess co., Mo. : on the W. 
side of and 1 m. from the W. fork of Grand r. of the Mis- 
souri, 137 m. N. W. Jefferson City. It has a court-house, 
etc., and about 800 inhabitants. 

Gallatin, p. v., and cap. Sumner co., Tenn, : about 8 m. 
N. of Cumberland r, 23 m. N. E. Nashville. It contains a 
court-house, etc., several eluirohes, academies, and scmin- 
nries, and about 1,200 inhabitanLs. A newspaper, the 
" Tenth Legion" (dem.\ is issued weekly. 

Gallatin river, JV. W. Ter. : one of the head streams of 
the Missouri r., rising fi-om the E. elope of the Eocky 
233 



Mountains, near the sources of Yellow r. \\s course is N., 
and uniting with Madison and JelTcrson rivers, it constitutes 
the Mis.souri. 

Gallatin VI lle, p. v., C'olumbia co., X. Y. : 43 rh. S. by E. 
Albany. The t. of Gallatin is drained by Jausen's cr., is 
somewhat hilly, and has a soil of ordinary fertility; its pop. 
in 1S50 was 1,5SG. 

Gallia county, Ohio, Situate S., and cont-ains 520 sq. m. 
Drained by Eaccoon cr. and several smaller tributaries of 
the Ohio, which river washes its E. border. Surface gener- 
ally hilly uud broken, and the soil, excepting that of Ibc 
Ohio bottr)ms, of inferior quality. Tlie eounty was settled 
in 1790 by Erenchmen, an<l hence its name. Farms 1.190; 
manuf. 9 ; dwell. 2.975, and pop.— wh. 15,SG5, fr. col. 1,19S— 
total 17,003. Capital: GalliiMdis. 

Gallia Fuunace, p. o., Gallia co,, Ohio: 79 m. S. S. K 
Columbus. 

Gallilee, p. 0., Wayne co., Penn.: 122 m. N. E. Har- 
risburg. Originally a Moravian settlement. 

Gallipolis, p. v., and cap. Gallia co., Ohio : on the right 
bank of Ohio r., 8S m. S. S. E. Columbus. The v. is pleas- 
antly situate on a high bank, 10 or 12 feet above the great- 
est floods; it contains a court-bouse, jail, 4 churches, mills 
and factories, numerous mechanic shops and stores; and 
among its dwellings are many handsome briek buildings. 
It has considerable river trade, arfcl is a forwarding point 
for a great deal of produce. Its pop. in ISoO was 1,6S6. 
Two newspapers are published here, the "G. Journal') 
(whig), and the " Gallia Courier" (neutral), botJi weekly 
issues. The v. dates from ISIO: the t. was settled iu 1791 
by Frenchmen, many of whose descendants etiJl reside 
here. Pop. oft. 2,220. 

Galloway, p. v., La Salle co., III. : on the S. W. side of 
Vermillion r. of the Illinois, 100 m. N. N. W. Springfield. 

Gallui'ville, p. v., Schnlmrie co., iV". Y.: on a brancb 
of Schoharie cr., 22 m. W. Albany. 

Gally Ckeek, p. o., Pope co., Arl:: 76 m. W. N. W. 
Little Eock. 

Galum, p. 0., Perry co., IU. : on a cr. so called, 114 m. S. 
Springfield. 

Galveston county, Tex. Situate S. E., and contains 620 
sq. m. This county consists of two portions — mainland and 
insular. The mainland portion lies on the W. aide of Galves- 
ton Bay, and is drained by Clear, Dickinson's, Highland, 
and other creeks running into it. The island of Galveston is 
36 m. long and about 2 m.*wide, and lies opposite the main, 
from which it is separated by West Bay. No portion of 
the surface is more than 20 feet above the level of the Gulf 
of Mexico, and with the exception of several small groves 
of live oak, the whole is open prairie ; soils a black mold, 
resting on a layer of sand and comminuted shells, indicat- 
ing tlie county to have been at no distant period the bed of 
the waters of the gulf. Farms 83 ; manuf. 38 ; dwell 727, 
and pop.— wh. 3,7S5, fr. col. 30, si. 711— total 4.529. Cap- 
ital: Galveston. Public Works: Several railroads are 
projected which will make Galveston their seaward ter- 
minus. 

Gal^tston, p. city, port of entry, and cap. Galveston ca, 
Ttw. : near the E. end of Galveston Island. 200 m. E. S. E. 
Austin City. Lat, 29° IG' 37" N., and 94° 49' 41" W. It is 
the commercial emporium of Texas, and has the best and 
least difficult harbor on the whole coast. The clearances 
for foreign ports in 1S50 were 9 vessels ^2.924 tons), and the 
entrances, 10 vessels (2,9S7 tons). The tonnage of the dis- 
trict was 3,309 tons, of which 41G tons were registered, and 
874 tons sailed by steam-power. The great bulk of its com- 
merce is coastwise with New Orleans and New York, and 
the former port is connected with it by regular steamship 
lines. Eailroads are now being built into the N. and N.W. 
interior, which will open up the country to settlement and a 
market. The city contains the court-house, a jail, and other 
CO. buildings, sever.il handsome churches, and many of the 
dwellings arc elegant structures. It has numerous ware 



GAL 



GAR 



bouses, wlioksale and retail stores, and hotels ; and here 
are published four newspapers, the " G. Kews" (neutral), 
and the"Civlliau and Gazette" (dem.), tri-weekly issues; 
the " G. Journal" (whig), a scini-weclvly ; ami the " G. Zei- 
tung" (dem.), a weekly German paper. Galveston Island, 
on which llic city stands, is about 3C m. long, with an av- 
erage width of 2 m. The sod is good, being a black mold, 
about a fool deep, resting on sand and shells, and it has 
Bcveral ponds of good water. The air is cool and rcftesh- 
fng, and henco it h.as become a summer resort for inv.alid8. 
Immcusc beds of oysters arc found near its \V. shore, and 
large quantities of fish are caught on all sides; wild geese, 
te.al, brant, and other birds flock here to winter. This island 
was forjnerly a resort for pirates : the celebrated Lafltte had 
a fort here, the ruins of which are still seen about -2 m. from 
Itii E. extremity on the ^^'. shore. It is now in a state of ex- 
cellent cuUivalion. and the residence of many wealthy farm- 
ers. The pl[)ulation ofthe city is now about 4,167. 

Gi-LWAT, t. and p. o., Saratoga Co., A'. 1'. : 29 m. N. W. 
Albany. Drained by creeks flowing to the Jlohawk and the 
Hudson. Surface undulating— in jiarta hilly ; soil cl.ayey 
loam, and well cultivated. The v. is a small central settle- 
ment The I. has numerous manufacturing establishments, 
fulling mills, woolen factories, tanneries, and grist and saw 
mills ; also several stores. Top. 2,158. 

Gambiee, p. v., Knox CO., 0/tio : on the N. side of Vernon 
r., 42 m. N. K. Columbus. It is situate on a high and level 
ridge, encompassed on three sides by the river. It was laid 
out in 1S2G in the centre of a tract of 4.000 acres belonging 
to Kenyou College, and was named after Lord Gambler, a 
prominent patron of that institution. It is now a flourishing 
T., but still derives its importimoc from the College. The 
buildings of Kcnyon College are four in number, the prin- 
cipal budding being an elegant Gothic edifice, of hewn 
stone, 190 feel long and four stories high. It was founded 
in 1526. by funds obtained in England, and is under the 
direction of the Episcopalians. In 1S50 it b.ad a president 
and Ave professors, CO alurani, and 50 students, and its 
library contained 7,000 volumes. The theological depart- 
ment was founded in 1S28, and has four i>rofeS!iors and a 
Ubrary of 4,500 volumes. Here arc published the " Western 
Episcopalian," a monthly religious periodical ; the " Phys- 
Ico-Medical Journal," a semi-monthly, and the " Universalist 
Advocate," also a semi-montldy. The population of the v. 
numbers between 400 and 500 souls. 
Gambli:, p. a, Jefferson co., Ga.: 6.3 m. E. Millcdgcville. 
Gamble's, p. o., Alleghany county, Penn.: 158 m. W. 
narrisburg. 

Gasoes, p. o., Eichland county, Oldn : on the S. side of 
Bhack Fork of Walhonding r., 74 m. N. N. E. Columbus. 

G ANSEVOOET, p. V., Saratoga county, A\ i'. : 36 m. N. by E. 
Albany. It is a station on the Saratoga and Washington 

H. i;. 

GAr, p. o., Walker county, Ala. ; 135 m. N. N. W. 
Montgomery. 

Gap. p. o., Lancaster Co., J\mn. : at the E. fork of Mine 
Eidge, 61 m. E. S. E. llarrisburg. 

Gap Civil, p. o., Ashe co.. A"". Car. : 132 m. W. by S. 
r.aleigh. 

Gap Ceeek, p. o., Knox co., Tcnti. .• ICS m. E. Nashrille. 

Gap Gbove, p. o., Jo Daviess co., JU. : 156 m. N. by W. 
Springfield. 

Gap Miu,"!, p. o., nalfimore CO., J/(7. 

AP Mills, p. o., Monroe CO., Virg. : 187 m. W. Richmond. 

Oarokn Geote, p. o., Decatur CO., la. : 126 m. W. S. W. 
Iowa City. 

O A EDEN Plain, p. o.,Whitcside3 Co., TU. : 143 m. N.by W. 
Springfield. 

GAEnixEp., t. and p. c, Kennebco CO., ifs.: on the W. 
Bid.' of Keimebec r., 12 m. S. by E. Augusta. The Cobbca- 
seeontco waters here enters the Kennebec and produces a 
water-power of great u-sefulness and extent. The mills 
hero in oneration aro numerous, and supply immense 



quantities of sawn lumber for export. Tlie village lies on 
the Kennebec, the site rising gently from the river, on the 
edge of which is the business portion. The " Keimebec 
Transcript" is published semi-weekly. In llie v. are nu- 
merous well-built dwellings, a lyceum, several churches, 
with stores, mechanic shoi)3, etc. Large vessels come up 
to this point to load, and steamboats, plying on the river, 
call regularly. The Kennebec and Portland It. It. passes 
through, touching the v. 7 m. ft-oin Augusta, and 63 from 
Portland. Pop. in 1840, 5,042 ; in 1550, 6,4sG. 

Gaedinee's bay, jV. 1". .■ at the E. end of Long Island. II 
Is a considerable body of water, of a somewhat circular 
shape, S m. in mean diameter, situate between the main- 
land and Gardiner's Island. 

GAEnLSEK's island, SulTolk Co., Jf. T. : oH the E. end of 
Long Island, from which it is distant some 3 or 4 m. It is 
about 6 m. long, and averages 2 m. wide, forming the E. 
boundary of Gardiner's P.ay. Gardiner's Point is a long 
neck of land, projecting N. This island w.-is settled in 1639 
by J.yon Ganliner, a Scotchman ; his descendants still own 
and occupy it 

GARDXEn, t and p. v., Worcester county, dfnsn. : 60 m. 
W. N. W. lioslon. Drained by branches of Miller's river, 
which afford water-jjower. Surface uneven ; soil of average 
quality. The v. is on the Vermont and Massachusetts K. P- 
There are considerable manufaetiu'es in the town. Popu- 
lati.Mi 1,422. 

Gaepnt-r, p. v., Morgan county, Ohio: 67 m. E. S. E» 
Columbus. 

G ardseb's Beipoe, p. o., Martin county, A\ Car. : 92 m. 
E. S. E. P.aleigh. 

Gardner's Mllls, p. o., St Clair county, J/o. ; 97 m. 
W. S. W. Jefferson City. 

Gaednep-sville, p. v., Schoharie co., N. T. : on Cobble 
skill cr., 44 m. W. Albany. 

Oaeet's Feeky, p. o., Duvall Co., Flor. : 126 m. E. by S. 
Tallahassee. 

Gaklant, t and p. v., Penobscot CO., 3fe. : 6H m. N. N. E, 
Augusta. Drained by the head branches of Kenduskeag r. 
Surface v.aried ; soil fertile, and adapted to grain. The v. 
lies in the centre. Pop. of 1. 1,200. 

Garland's, p. o., Albemarie co., Virg. : 72 m. W. N. W. 
Richmond. 

Gaelandtille, p. v., Jasper Co., Miss.: at the head of 
Tallahala cr., 61 m. E. by S. Jackson. 

Qaemon's. MiLiji, p. o., Cabarr-as CO., 2f. Car.: 104 m. 
W. 8. W. Raleigh. 

Gaenee'9 Ford, p. o., ClcveKind CO., N. Car. : 159 m. 
W. S. W. Raleigh. 

Gaenetsville, p. v., Mead CO., 7iy. : on the S. hank of 
the Ohio r., 67 m. W. by 8. Frankfort. 

Oaeoqa, p. v., Fulton CO., N. T.: on Garoga cr. of Ma- 
hawk r., 46 m. W. N. W. Albany. 

Gaerard county, Ky. Siluate centrally, and contains 312 
sq. m. Drained by Paint Lick, I'.ack, and Sugar ereek.«, and 
Dick's r., all aflluents of Kentucky r., which makes ils N. 
boundary. Surface varied ; soil very fertile. The principal 
productions are corn and tobacco. Farms 666 ; mannf. 21 ; 
dwell. 1,2,''5, and pop.— wli. 7,036, fr. col. 25, si. 8,176— total 
10.2-37. 0//«*irf; Lancaster. />uWio Hbrts; Lexington 
nn<i lluntsvillo R. R. 

Gaeeattsville, p. v.. Olsego CO., N. K .• on a branch 
of Unadilla r., 72 m. W. Albany. 

GARRETTSBrEdii, p. V., Cliristian CO., Ey. : ISO m.W. S.W. 
Frankfort 

Gaerettsville, p. v., Port.agc Co., Oliio: 132 m. N. E. 
Columbus. 

Gareettsville, p. v., Lycoming county, Penn.: 82 m, 
N. N. W. narrisburg. 

Gaeribon's. P.O., Putnam connty, Al Y.: on the line of 
the Hudson River R. R., S2 m. S. Albany. 

Oareisonvilie, p. v., Stafford county, Tirg. ; 69 m. N. 
Richmond. 



GAR 

GAi'.nr Owen, p. o., Jackson county, la.: 60 m. N. E. 

Iowa rily. 

GARYSHrRon, p. v., Nortbampton co., K. Car.: at the 
Junction of the Petersharg U. K., and the Seaboard and 
Koanoke K. R., 74m.N. E. Kaleigh. 

Gakysville, p. v., Prince George cc, Virg. : on a cr. of 
James r., 87 m. S. E, Ilichmond. 

Gasconade county, Mo. Situate E. of conlre, and con- 
tains 6.19 sq. m. Drained by Uourbeuso cr. of the Miesia- 
sippi T. and Gasconade r., an affluent of the Missouri r., 
which forms its N. line. Surface much broken, and soil, 
especialty on the rivers, very fertile. It abounds in mineral 
wealth, iron ore, saltpetre and sulphur being t'vorywhcro 
found, and limestono plenty. Corn is the agricultural 
staple. Farms 553; manuf. 16; dwelt. 950, and pop.— wh. 
4,8S4,fr. col. 0,91.112— total 4,996. Capital : llcxmana. Pub- 
lic^Vorkn: Pacific K. R. 

Gasconade river, Mo. : rises in the S. parts of Texas and 
Wright counties by numerous head branches from the 
watershed dividing the streams flowing S. to Wliite r., and 
those flowing JJ. to Missouri r. Its principal constituents 
are Pincy. Robideaux, and Osage forks, all of which rise 
from llie same highland. The length of the river is about 
140 m., through all which it affords immense water-pnwcn 
and passes through a rich mineral country to the Missouri, 
which it enters about 100 m. from its mouth. 

Gab Factory, p. o., Lincoln co., Tenn. : 69 ra. S. by E. 
Nashville. 

Gaston county, N. Car. Situate S., and contains 30S 
sq. ni. Drained by numerous affluents of the Catawba r., 
which forms its E. boundary. Surface moderately uneven ; 
soil good. Cotton is the staple, though considerable wheat 
is grown. Farms 724 ; manuf. 10 : dwell. 1.072, and pop.— 
wh.5,92S, fr. eol.33, si. 2,112— total S,n7;J. Capital :T>viWn%. 
Puhliti Works : Charlotte and South Carolina R. R. 

Gaston, p. v., Sumter co., Ala. : on Kintabish cr. of Tom- 
bigbee r., 110 m. W. Montgomery. 

Gaston, p. v., Northampton co., N, Car. : on the N. side 
of Roanoke r., C6 m. N. E. Raleigh. The Greenville and 
Roanoke R. R., and the Gaston and Raleigh R. R. connect 
at this point. 

Gaston, p. v., Atchison county, JIo. : 215 m. N. W. 
JeflTerson City. 

Gates county, Al Car. Situate N. E., and contains 313 
sq. m. Drained by Cole's and other creeks, affluents of 
Chowan r., its W. boundary. Surface level, and soil pro- 
ductive and well-wooded. Cotton, corn, and potatoes are 
the leading products. Farms 490; manuf. 22; dwell. 9S0, 
and pop.— wh. 4,15S, fr. col. 397, al. 8,871- total 8,426. Caj)- 
ital: Gatesville. 

Gates, I. and p. o., Monroe eo., K Y. : 106 m. W. N. 'VT. 
Albany. The Genesee r. makes its E. border. Surface un- 
dulating ; soil gr.iTelly, snndy, and clayey loam. It is a fine 
farming district, and has several manufactures, mills, etc. 
The t. is traversed by the railroads and canals leaving 
Rochester westward. Pop 2,005. 

Gates, p. o., Newton co.. Mo. : on the S. line of the co., 
17S m. S. W. Jefferson City. 

Gate's Mills, p. v.. Cuyahoga county, Ohio: on Chagrin 
river, 133 m. N. N. E. C-olumbua. 

Gatesville, p. v., and cap. Gates co.. K. Car. ; on Ben- 
nett's cr. of Chowan r., 113 m. N. E. Raleigh. It contains a 
court-house, several mechanic shops, and about 150 inhab- 
itants. 

Gavlet Bridoe, p. v.. Fayette co., Virg.: at the falls 
of Great Kanawha r.. near the mouth of Gauley r., 213 m. 
"W. N. W. Richmond. The river is here 500 feet wide, and 
has a perpendicular fall of 22 feet Navigation here ceases. 
The V. h:is several flour and saw mills, stores, etc., and about 
800 inhahitanU*. 

Gai'i.ey river, Virg.: a tributary of Great Kanawha r. 
It rises from the Greenbrier Mountains, in Pocahontas co., 
tnd flows \V. into Nicholas co., where it empties into the 
240 



^EN 



Great Kanawha, a little abort the falls. Its course is 
through a rich agricultural region. 

Gaterb, p. o., Columbiana co., Ohio. 

Gayqead, p. o., Greene co., N. Y. : 86 m. S.V.'. Albany. 

Gay Hill, p. o., Washington county, Ttw. ; 6S ni. E. 
Austin City. 

GAYLERfcviLLE, p. V., Cherokcc CO., Ala. : on a branch 
of Little "Will's creek, of Coosa river, 136 ra. N. N. E. 
Montgomery. 

Gaylord's Bridge, p. v., LitchQeld co., Conn.: on the 
Ilousatonic r. and R. R., 44 m. W. by S. Hartford, and 42 
m. from Bridgeport. 

Gaysville, p. v., Windsor co.. Verm. : on White r., 34 
m. S. by W. Montpelier. 

Geaesville, p. v.. White county, Te7in. : 83 m. E. S. E. 
Nashville. 

Geauga county, Ohio. Situate N. E., and cyntains 594 
sq. m. Drained by the heads of Cuyahoga an<l Chagrin 
rivers, which empty through Lake county into Lake Erie, 
Surface diversifled ; soils of good fertility, and timber 
abundant. Iron ore of a fine quality is found in this part 
of the Slate. Farms 1,006; manuf. 86; dwell. 3,24(1. and 
pop.— wh. 17,S27,fr. col. 0— total 17,827. Capital : Chardon. 

Gebhart's, p. 0., Somerset county, Perm.: 117 m. W 
Ilarrisburg. 

Geddes. p. v., Onondaga co., NI Y. : at the S. W. end of 
Onondaga Lake, immediately W. of Syracuse. The v. !3 
chiefly engaged in the manufacture of salt, of which, for the 
year ending 3l8t Dee., 1950, 259,44S busliels were produced, 
viz., 26,715 bushels coarse, and 232,710 bushels fine salt. 
The SjTacuse and Oswego R. R., and the Syracuse and 
Rochester R. R.paas through the village. Pop. about SOO. 

Geiger's Mills, p. o., Berks county, Penn. : 62 m. E. 
Ilarrisburg. 

Genegantslet, p. o., Chenango county. A'. Y. : V)6 m. 
W. S. W. Albany. 

General Wayne, p. o., Montgomery co.. Peiin. 

Gexesee county, Mich. Situate centrally, and contains 
720 sq. m. Drained by numerous branches ofFJint r.. which 
runs through the middle, and empties through Saginaw r. 
and bay into Lake Huron. Surface rolling; soil well adap- 
ted for grain and grass. On Flint r. very fine pine timber 
is abundant, and fte county is well furnished with water- 
power. Farms 1,255; manuf. 33: dwell. 2,207. and pop. — 
wh. 12,003 fr. col. 2S— total 12.031. Capital: Flint. 

Genesee county. A'". Y. Situate W.. and contains 473 
sq. m. The surface level or gently undulating, and the soils 
chiefly sandy or gravelly loam, very fertile, and adapted 
equally to grass and to grain. Drained by Allen's, Black, 
and Tonawanda creeks. Iron ore, water-lime, and salt 
springs are found. Farms 2,574 ; manuf. 199 ; dwell. 5.014, 
and pop.— wh. 2S,416, fr. col. 72— total 2S,4&S. Capital: 
Batavia. PnhHc TT'oj-A'S ; Buffalo and Rochester R. R. ; 
Canandaigua and Niagara Falls R. R.; Buffalo and New 
Yoric City R. R. ; Buffalo and New York R. R. ; Batavia 
and Attica Branch R. R. 

Genesee, t. and p. "v.. Genesee co., Mieh. : 52 m. E. N. E. 
Lansing. Drained by Flint r. The v. is the seat of a U.S. 
land office. Pop. of t. 1,076. 

Genesee, t. and p. v., Waukesha co.,Tn«(?. : 57 m. E. byS. 
Lansing. Drained by affluents of Milwaukie r. The Mil- 
waukie and Mississippi R. R. passes through the town 28 
m. W. from Milwaukie. Pop. 1.290. 

Genesee Fork, p. o.. Potter co., Penn, : 133 m. N. N.W. 
Ilarrisburg. 

Genesee Grove, p. o., Whitesides co., /?A; 143 m. N. 
Springfield. 

Genesee river, A^. 3' : an affluent of Lake Ontario. It 
rises in Potter co., Penn., and passing into the Statt! of New 
York, pursues a northerly course to the lake. Its length la 
145 m., of which 125 m. are in New York. At Rochester, 
within a distance of :1 m.. it descends by several falls and 
rapids 220 feet, affurding au immense water-power. U is 



GEN 



GEO 



navigable 4 m. to Carthage, and above tho falls is beatable 
for 2ii m. or more. The Genesee Valley Canal follows the 
course of this river, anJ is fed by it for a £;rcat distance. A 
railroad is also being constructed to follow in the same gen- 
eral direction, and the valley is crossed at four points by 
railroads traversing in an cast and west direction. In the 
t. of Portage, Livingston co., are three falls, one of 60, one 
of 90, and one of 110 feet, within a space of two miles, and 
along the river, for three miles, are perpendicular walls of 
Blone. 400 feet high, to which depth it has worn a channel in 
the solid rock. At this point it is crossed by one of the most 
Bpleudid viaducts in the Union, ovei* which is carried the 
Buffalo and New York City 11. K. The Valley of the Gen- 
esee is the finest wheat country in the States, and is now 
thickly settled and in a high state of cultivation. 

Genkseo, pv.. and cap. Henry co., III.: on a cr. of Green 
r., 116 ra. N. N.W. Springfield. It has a court-house, etc., and 
about 200 inhabitants. The Chicago and Kock Island K. R. 
will pass through this village. 

Geneseo, t., p. v., and cap. Livingston co., N. Y. : 202 m. 
W. Albany. Situate between Genesee r. and Cnnesus Lake, 
and drained by creeks flowing into them. Surface terraced 
and furrowed by valleys ; 8(jil rich and fertile. The village, 
on nn elevated table, about 1 m. E. of Genesee r., is well 
built, and has considerable trade. It contains a court-house, 
ja'd, etc., an academy (formerly Livingston County High 
School), numerous mechanic shops and stores, and al)out 
1.7011 inhabitants. The academy is a large ihroe-stnry brick 
building. In this L are situate the Wadsworth Farms, lo- 
cated on the bniad alluvial flats of the Genesee, and noted 
for their fertility and superior cultivation. Two newspapers, 
the "Livingston Uepublican'' (whig), and the "Livingston 
Union" (whig), arc issued weekly. Pop. of t. 2,95S. 

Geneva, p. v., Cotfee county. -4/(f. ; on Pear., near its 
confluence with the Choetawbatchie rivtr. DC m. S. S. E. 
Montgomery. 

Geneva, p. v., Ontario co., iV". Y. : on the N. W. ennier 
of S neca Lake, 159 m. AV. by N. Albany. It is one of the 
most beautiful \ ilhiges of the Slate. The principal street 
runs parallel with tlie lake shore at an elevation of 100 
feet, and from many of its residences terraced gardens ex- 
tenil to the banks of the lake. It has some manufactures, 
but is chiefly known as the seal of Geneva College and its 
Medical School. The College was founded in l$i:3, and had 
in 1S50 5 professors, 131 alumni, and ^2 students, with a 
libr.ary of 5.400 volumes. The Medical Institute, a depart- 
ment of the College, was founded in I'iZii, and bad 6 pro- 
fessors, 9S graduates, and GO students. Besides the College 
libraries, there arc two others in the village with cabinets 
of minerals, and ample sn|>plies of philosophical apparatus. 
Three newspapers are published, viz., the " G. Courier" 
(whig), the "G. Gazette" (dem.), and Uie "•Western Atlas" 
(deni.), all weekly issues. Pop. about 4.500. 

Geneva, t. and p. v., Ashtabula oo., Ohio: 1^3 m. N. E. 
Columbus. Brained by creeks of Lake Erie, which makes 
its N. boundary. Surface level ; soil rich and deep. The v, 
lies on the line of the Cleveland, Paincsville, and Ashtabula 
E. i:..54 m. from Cleveland. Pop. oft. 1,^5?. 

Gbneva, t. and p. o., Walworth co.. Wise. : 53 m. S. E. 
Madison. Drained by creeks of Fox r. and by Duck Lake. 
The V. is located at the outlet of Geneva Lake, and has sev- 
eral mills, etc. Pop. oft. 1,533. 

Geneva, p. v.. Kane co., III.: on the W. side of Fox r. 
of the Illinois, 15" m. X. E. by N. Springfield. It is a now 
and rapidly-improving v., and a point of commercial im- 
porUinco, being the terminus of a branch of the Galena and 
Chicago Union K. K., 40 m. from Chicago. A newspaper, 
the " Western Mercury,'" is issued weekly. Pop. 911, 

Genct'a Bay. p. o,, Walworth co., Wise. : on a bay on the 
N. W. side of Geneva Lake, 56 m. S. E. Madison. 

Genoa, p. o.. De Kalb co.. III. : on Sycamore r., 164 ra. 
N. N. E. Springfield. 

Genoa, t and p. o., Livingston co., MicJi. : 40 m. E. S. E. 

IG 



Lansing. Drained by lakes and streams emptying into 
Huron river. Pop, of t.754. 

Genoa, p. v., Christian county, Kij. ; 172 m. Vf. S. W 
Frankfort. 

Genoa, p. v,, Walworth co.. Wife: : 5S m. S. E. Maijison. 

Genoa, t, and p. v., Cayuga co., N. Y. : l-iii m.W. Albany. 
Drained by Big Salmon er, and its branches, and bminded 
W. by Cayuga Lake. The v. ha.s several manufactures, etc., 
and abnuiioO inhabitants. Pop. oft. 2,5it3, 

Genoa Cross Koads, p. o., Delaware co., Ohio: 17 m. 
N. bvE. Columbus. 

Gentry county. Mo. Situate N. W., and contains 79T 
sq. m. Drained by Little Platte r., West Fork of Grand r., 
and their branches. Surface diversified; soil of average 
fertility, well covered with timber, anH well watered. Farmi 
444 ; nmiiuf. ; dwull. 70S, and pop.— wh. 4,195, fr. col. 3, si 
50— total 4.24S. Capital: Athens. 

Gentry CorRX-HousE, p. o.. Gentry co.. Mo. : on the E 
side of the E. fork of Grand r., above the confluence of Scalp 
cr., 170 m. N. W. Jefferson City. 

Gentryville, p. v., Spencer county, Lid. : 132 m. 3. S.W. 
Indianapolis. 

Gentryville, p. v., Gentry co., Jfo.: on the E. side of 
the E. fork of Grand r., 1C6 ra. N. W. Jefferson City. 

Gentstille, p. v., Abbeville dist., ,S. Ccii: : 92 m.W. by N, 
Columbia. 

Gentsvii.le, p. v., Walton co., Ft-o:: on a branch of 
Cboctawatehie r., 100 m. W. N. W. Tal!ah*ssce. 

George lake, A'. }'. ; called, also. Lake Iloricon. It lies 
chiefly between Warren and Washington counties, and is 
elevated 243 feet above the level of Hudson river. Length 
3G m. ; breadth, from 2 to 3 m., ami surrounded by lofty 
and picturesque hills. Its surface enbosnms as many isleta 
as there are days in the year — some of considerable size, and 
cultivated. Ijiamoud Island is celebrated for its beautiful 
quartz cr>'sta!s. A number of ruined forts are found on the 
shores of the lake, which lo the tourist recall recollectiona 
of troublous limes. The bed of the lake Is yellow sand, and 
the water is so pure and transparent that the bottom may be 
seen at the de])tb of thirty or forty feet, and myriads of flsh 
sporting in the limpid clement. The French call it Zaa 
^'^(icro/nent, on account of the purity of its waters. SiUmon- 
trout, pike, pickerel, perch, silver and brook trout, etc., are 
taken in abundance. The lake has its outlet into Lake 
Champlaid at Ticonderoga. A tourist, whose admiration of 
the scenery in the vicinity of Lake George is apparent, 
makes the following note of his impressions : '' Time would, 
fail us to enumerate the points of attraction on the way. The 
remains of Fort George and Fort William Henry at the 
head of the lake, must not be passed without a visit ; nei- 
ther must you leave the Lake House, till in the ciuiel hour 
of twilight, the old rusty gun has been flred, and you have 
beard the echo which is sent back from one mountain-top 
to another, till the sound seems to have died away, and then 
b.ave it revive and reverberate again, as though another 
explosion had suddenly taken place. Every foot of the 
ground along the shore, and even the water iU-elf, possesses 
vast interest. The bed of the lake is a handsome, yellow- 
ish sand, and the water is so pure and transparent as to 
rcnd'T th'j. bottom visible from thirty to forty feet. Here 
the delicious salmon-trout, that weigh from twelve to twen- 
ty pounds, are seen in their folicksome mood, sporting mth 
each other, and inviting the bait of the angler." The Lake 
House is a noted traveler's r^^st in the village of Caldwell, 
a pleasant place situate at the base of the lake. Tourists 
reach this from Albany r /a railroad to Fort Edward, and 
tlicncc by an excellent road through Glens Falls Village, 
etc. During the summer season a steamboat carries travel- 
ers from Caldwell ti> the bead of the lake, where stages ara 
in' readiness to proceed on to the steamboat landing at 
Ticonderoga, on Lake Champlain. 

George's Ckbek, p. o., Masaac co., III. : on a branch of 
Great Bay cr. so called, 176 m. S. 8. E. Springfleld. 

241 



GEO 

George's Ceeek, p. o., Lawrence co., Ky. : 123 m. E. 
Frankfort, 
George's Mili£, p. o., Sullivan co., N. Ilamp. 
George's Store, p. o., Lincoln co., Tenn. : 78 m. S. by E. 
Nashville. 

Georgesville, p. v., Franklin co., Ohio: on theE. side 
of Little Darby or., 13 m. S. W. Columbus. 

Georgetown district, S. Car. Situate E., and contains 
6S3 sq. m. Drained by Santee r., its S. boundary, Black, 
Great Pcdee, and Waccamaw rivers — the last two emptying 
Into Winyaw Bay, which lies wholly within it. Surface 
low and level. Though marshy in parts, it is very fertile. 
Eice is the great staple. Corn, potatoes, and cotton are 
grown largely. Farms 550; mauuf. 6; dwell. 575, and pop. 
-wh. 2,193, fr. col. 201, «1. 18,253— total 20,G47. Capital : 
Georgetown. 

Georgetown, p. v., and cap. Sussex co., Del. : at the 
sources of Nanticoke and Indian rivers, 34 m. S. by E. 
Dover. .It contains a court-house, jail, etc., and about 400 
inhabiUints. Pop. 2,31S. 

Geokgetown, p. v., and cap. "Williamson co., Tex, : on 
the 8. fork of San Gabriel r., 32 m. N. Austin City. 

Georgetown, p. v., Fairfield co., Conn. : on the Dan- 
bur>- and Norwalk E. E., 56 m. S. W. Hartford. 

Georgetown, p. city and port of entry, "Washington Co., 
D. C: a suburb ofWashington, it is divided from that city 
by Eock cr. It is beautifully located on a rauge of hills 
rising above the t*otomac, and stretching in undulating 
beauty along its borders. The heights of Georgetown are 
lofty eminences, overlooking the city from the N. and W. 
Along these are many splendid villas and extensive gar- 
dens in the highest state of cultivation. Below reposes tlie 
city, and as far as the eye can reach, the silvery Potomac 
courses through a scene of exquisite beauty. The city pre- 
sents many objects of attraction : its ancient college, a cath- 
olic institution ; its nunnery ; its various literary institutions ; 
its splendid aqueduct, and other noted editices, are worthy 
of attention. The college is situate on the N. bank of the 
Potomac— it was origiually an academy, founded in 17S9 
by the first Catholic bishop of the United States, and in 
1799 it was chartered as a college. In 1S15 Congress raised 
it lo the dignity of a university, and in 1S51 a medical de- 
partment was opened at "Washington. The college build- 
ings are spacious, and contain a fine library of 25,000 vol- 
omes, an extensive philosophical apparatus, and a museum 
of natural history. The curriculum of studies occupies 
seven years. The nunnery, or Convent of the Visitation, is 
simale on the heights, contiguous to the E. margin of tlie 
river. The building appropriated for the ladies' academy 
is of brick, between 200 and 300 feet long, and 40 feet in 
breadth. These buildings occupy part of the side of an 
oblong square of five acres, a portion of which is laid out 
as a botanic garden. There are other edifices on the square, 
as the bishop's residence, an elegant chapel, the convent, 
and charity schools. The whole is under the direction of 
the Sisters of the "Visitation. The aqueduct which conveys 
the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal over the Poton]ac, is a 
stupendous work; the piers, nine in number, and 3G feet 
above high water, are of granite, and embedded 17 feet in the 
bottom of tlie river upon solid rock— its length is 1^440 feet, 
and the cost of construction was $2,000,000. This aqueduct 
carries the canal to Alexandria. Oak llill Cemelen.', on Oie 
heights, is also worthy of note ; it was laid out in 1?49 at the 
expense of "W. "W. Corcoran, Esq., the eminent banker, and 
\s surrounded by a massive iron railing, with a gate-keep- 
er's lodge in the Norman stjie, and an elegant Gothic 
chapel. Georgetown was formerly a port of some note, and 
had considerable trade, and is even now a thriving and 
busy place. It is connected by eanal and railroad with all 
parts of the Union. Of late years many improvements 
have been made in its streets, and many new buildings 
have been erected. The city is also engaged in manu- 
toctures; in 1S50 it had 59 establishmenta in operation, 
^12 



GEO 



4 



among which was a rolling mill, a cotton factory, and nu- 
merous flouring mills. Two newspapers are published 
here, the " G. Advocate," tri-weekly, and the "■ Potomac 
Advocate," weekly. Its foreign commerce in 1S49-50 em- 
ployed 3,134 tons of shipping, viz. : clearances, 10 vessels 
(1,720 tons), and entrances, 9 vessels (1,414 tons). The ship- 
ping owned in the district amounted to 17,010 tons, of 
which 2,796 was registered tonnage, 12,763 enrolled and 
licensed tonnage, and 1,451 licensed. The steam shipping 
amounted to 1,949 tons; and S vessels (2SS tons) were built 
during the year. The general statistics of the city aro 
as follows: dwellings 1,174, families 1,215, and population 
8,366, of which 6.0S1 were white persons, 1,560 free persons 
of color, and 725 slaves. The population in 1810 was 4,98S; 
in 1820, 7,360; in 1S30, 8,441; in 1&40, 7,312; and in 1S50, 
8,366. 

Georgetown, p. v., Eandolph co., Ga. : on the E. banft 
of Chattahoochee r., opposite the mouth of Eufaula cr., 339 
m. S. W'. Montgomerj-. It is a flourishing v., and has con- 
siderable river trade. Pop. G'JO. 

Georgetown, p. v., and cap. Scott co., Ki/. : on the N. 
branch of Elkhorn er. of Kentucky r., 13 m. E. by N. 
Frankfort. It contains the court-house, etc., and is the 
seat of Georgetown College, founded in 1830, and under 
the direction of the Baptists. In 1S50 it had 7 professors, 
60 alumni, and 66 students; and a library of C50 volumes. 
The "Delphian Oracle" is a monthly literary mag-ozinc, 
published by the students, and in the v. is also published 
the " G. Herald," a weekly newspaper. Pop. about 1,800. 
Georgetown, p. v., Floyd co., Ind. : on a branch of 
Indian cr., 102 m. S. by E. Indianapolis. 

Georgetown, p. v., Vermillion co., ///..■ on the N. side 
of Little Vermillion r., 103 m. E. by N. Springfield. 

Georgetown, t. and p. o., Lincoln co., Me. : 37 m, S. 
Augusta. It consists of two islands lying between the Ken- 
nebec and Sheepseot rivers and projecting into the Atlantic. 
It has good harbors, and the inhabitants are chiefly em- 
ployed in coasting and fishing. Pop. 1,437. An unsuccess- 
ful attempt was made as early as 1607 to settle tJu-se islands. 
Georgetown, p. v.. Copiah co.. Miss. : on the W. side of 
Peai-1 r., 26 m. S. by E. Jackson. 

Georgetown, t. and p. v., Essex CO., Mass.: 23 m. N. 
Boston. Drained by a branch of Parker's r. Surface di- 
versified ; soils adapted to grass. The v. is central, and has 
several manufacturing establishments. Pop. of t. 2,052, 
Tlie Newbur>-port E. E. passes through the N. part of the 
tovra. 

Georgetowt?, t. and p. v., Madison co., 2^. Y. : 102 m. 
W. by N. Albany. Drained by head branches of Otselic r. 
Surface hilly ; soil, clayey loam. The v., on Otselic cr., con- 
tains several mills and about 400 inhabitants. Pop. of L 
1,411. 

Georgetown, p. t., and cap. Brown co., Ohio : lo the E. 
of White Oak er., 8G m. S. S. W. Columbus. It has a court- 
house, jail, 6 churches, numerous mechanic shops and stores, 
about 200 dwellings, chiefly of brick, and about 800 inhab- 
itants. Two newspapers, the " Democratic Standard" and 
the '• Democrat and Journal" are issued weekly. 

Georgeto\\"n, p. v., Beaver co., Penn. : on the Ohio r., 
N. of Mill cr., 194 m. "W. Barrisburg. It contains about 
300 inhabitants. 

Georgetown, p. v., port of entry, and" cap. Georgetown 
dist., S. Car. : on the "W. side of Winyaw Bay, at the con- 
fluence of Sawpit cr., 106 m. S. E. Columbia. Lat. 830 21' 
N., and long. 79° 17' W. It contains a court-house, jail, 6 
churches, a large number of stores and mechanic shoi)3, and 
about 2,904 inhabitants. Two newspapers are pui>lishcd 
here, the "Winyaw Observer" (dera.)) semi-weekly, and 
the "True Eepulilican" (dem.), weekly. Its harbor is deep 
enough for vessels drawing 11 feet water; and the rivers 
flowing into Winyaw Bay, open to the port an extensivo 
and fertile back countrj-. It has an extensive coasting 
trade, and regular steamers ply to and flrom Charleston and 



GEO 



GEO 



on the Great Pee Dee r. The entrances in 1S50 from foreign 
countries were 2 vessels (297 tons), and the clearances to 
foreign countries 24 vessels {3,6S5 tons). Tonnage of the 
district 2,779 tons, of which 1,749 was registered and 1,030 
enrolled and licensed. 

Geokgetown, p. v., Burlington county, J^.Jer.: 27 m. 
S. by E. Trenton. 



Georgetown, p. v., and cap. Tetlis co., Mo.: on Muddy 
cr. of Riviere a la Mine, 61 m. W. by N. Jefferson City. It 
contains a court-house, etc., and about 200 inhabitants. 

Geobgetown, p. v., Lafayette co., Wise: 52 m. S. W. 
Madison. 

Geoegetowx Ckobs Eoads, p. o., Kent co., J/</. ; 4o m. 
N, E. Annapolis. 



THE STATE OF GEORGIA. 

Geoegia is bounded on the north by Tennessee and North Carolina; on tlie north-east by South Carolina, from which 
Savannah Elver divi<lu5 it; on the cast by the Atlantic Ocean ; on the south by Florida, and on thi? west by Alabama- 
Uie Chattahoochee Elver being the western boundary for more tiian iialf its length. It extemts gcncraMy betwi*eu lati- 
tudes 30° 22' and 35"^ N., and longitudes 80° 4S'and S40 41' W. from Greenwich, or 3° 46' and 7° S9' W. from Washington. 
Its greatest length from north to south is 322 miles, and its greatest width from the east point of Tybee Island, at the 
mouth of Savannah Kiver, to Florence, on Chattahoochee Eiver, 224 miles; but from this point it gradually narrows 
northward, and on the parallel of 34*^ 40' does not measure more than 126 miles. The whole area of the State is 58,000 
square milej?. 

No Stale in the Union presents a richer field for the geologist than Georgia. With a territory embracing the southern 
extremity of the great Atlantic chains of mountains, extending across them to the north-west into the valley of the 
Mississippi, running to the south-west into the cretaceous slope of the Gulf of Mexico, and occupyiug along their east- 
t-m base a wide belt of territorj', it contains most of the important geological formations. Commencing at the Atlantic 
Ocean and spreading out from 100 to 150 miles to the west, an extensive plain of a teHiary formation rises from the 
level of the sea, and gradually swells up to the height of about 500 feet, at a line passing near the head of navigation of 
the rivers Savannah, Ogeechee, Oconee, and Ocmulgee, where it meets a primary formation. Between the Gomuigee 
and Flint rivers it leaves the primary formation to the right, and rests on the cretaceoiis from a point nearly midway 
between Macon and Knoxville, by a line running in a south-west direction to another point between Eatavda Creek and 
Fort Gaines, on the Chattahoochee Eiver. Bounded by the last mentioned line to the south-east, and by the aoulhem 
edge of the primary, as indicated by the heads of navigation in the Flint and Chattahoochee rivers, the cretaceotcs 
formation extends from Alabama into Georgia, forming an acute triangle. The primary^ or non-fossil iferous, bounded 
on the east by the tertiary and cretaceous formations as described above, crosses the State from north-east to south-west, 
witli a width of 100 miles at the northern limit and of 100 miles at the southern. The Blue Eidge range of mountains 
passes near its western edge and forms the most elevated land of the Stale, ■\ar>ing in height from 1,200 to 4,000 feet. 
From this cresl there is a gradual descent to the east by a series of parallel and undulating ridges, until the tertiary plain 
is reached. On the west the descent is much more precipitous. Tiie western boundary of the ]»riniary is not very 
accurately established, but is believed to be not far from a line running nearly north and south tlirough the centre of 
Gilmer County, and continued in the same direction to near Canton, in Cass*Counly, and thence to the western base of 
the Allatoona Mountain, on tlie Etowab Eiver, where it turns to the south-west, and passing near Van Wert, in Paulding 
Cuunty, and along the northern base of the Dugdown Mountain to the Alabama line. The north-western part of tlie 
State, bounded to the east and south by the western limit of the primary, consists of a transition, or older fossilifcrmis 
formation, except the extreme north-west corner, where the carboiii/eroun occurs. 

The coast is lined by a succession of low islands, intersected by numerous navigable channels, which afford good inland 
navigation all along the shore. They are generally separated from each other by wide bays or sounds, which bear 
their names and receive the waters of this section. The principal islands are Cabbage Island, Ossaba Island, St. 
Catharine's Island, Sapello Island, St Simon's Island, Jykill Island, Cumberland Island, etc. Those are covered with 
rich plantations, and produce, as before staled, the long staple cotton called, from the place of its growth, sea-island 
cotton. 

Along the southern line of the State, between the head branches of the Suwannee and the St. Marj's rivers, there is 
an extensive swamp, or series of swamps, covered with a thick growth of bay-trees, vines, and underwood, and in the 
wet season presenting the appearance of a wide lake containing islands of rich highland. This swamp extends over the 
border into Florida, and bears the Indian name of ''OkeHnoke." Several streams are lost in its morasses, and others, 
head waters of rivers flowing to the Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico, take their rise from within its limits. 

The great mineral, region of Georgia is found in the primai7 and metaraorphic formations of the spurs of the 
Alleghany Mountains. Through the northern portion of the State these pursue their course toward the south-west with 
similar features of parallelism and straightness peculiar to them further north; but their more broken chamcter, the 
greater ruggedncss of their outline, and the impetuous nature of llieir streams, testify to difTerent geological formations 
than the stratified shales and sandstones of which they are composed in Pennsylvania. It is in those out-liers of the main 
ridge that the mctamorphic slates and quartz rock are fountl. which are productive in gold ores ; and frequently in near 
proximity to these are deposits of hematite iron ores of cxtraordinarj" extent In the gneiss, also, are found veins of 
magnetic iron ore of great purity, as at Cane Creek, near Dahlonega. Specular ores, tix», like those of the Iron 
Mountain in Missouri, are fonnd in the vicinity of some of the hematite beds; and localitiesof the same ore are of frequent 
occurrence down the course of Chattahoochee River. Another range of them, of much greater consequence, is found 
in the Allatoona hills, along ll)e Etowah Eiver. Here the broad, shallow stream, obstructed in its course, far3 'Ver 
ledges of rock, producing good water power. On each side are seen, projecting from the hills, ledges of rough silicious 
rock, in strata of various degrees of thickness, dipping to the south of cast. Beds of limestone are associated with these 
rocks and veins of sulphate of barjtes, of great extent. On the sinith-eastern slope of this range of hills, lalcose and 
mica slates, hornblende slate, green stone, and quartz veins containing gold, more abound. Through deep cutting?; in 
these rocks, in one place 90 feet deep, the Western and Atlantic Eailroad passes. To the west and north-west an exten- 
sive limestone country commences, about four miles from the river. Nearly the whole of Cass County b formed of this 
rock, and it spreads out into Flojd and Murray counties. Irbn ores are found on both sides of the Etowah Eiver. To 
the south-west they extend into Paulding County, and in the other direction through Cherokee County to its north-wr-st 
comer; and so far as explored their range is about 40 miles, an<l their cours" about north-east and south-west. These 
ores, in their appearance and quality, resemble the best ores found in the Uousatonio Valley. Numerous furnaces liave 

243 



GEORGIA. 



been established in tliis region and nre now in eaceessftil operation ; the vast vater-power, the abundance of timber, the 
cheapness of living, and the beauty of tlie climate being highly favorable characteristics of the region. 

Georgia embraces every varifty of soil, climate, and produi;tions. While soulhern and middle Georgia are parched 
with heat, the more northerly climate among the mountains i* moderate and even cold. The sky is of a deep blue, nor 
does a more lovely heaven smile upon Italy than that which favors this country. The cordon of islets which border the 
Bea-coast hu» a light, sandy soil, but produces Ilie finest staple, known to the world as soa-island cotton. In the south 
are the tide and swamp lands, producing immense crops of rice. The soil of this region varies as it is situated on 
the sea-shore or upon the large- and small rivers. On the Savannah these lands are cultivated 20 miles from the 
brackish marsh up the river, and are the finest in the State; and next to these are the lands on the Alatamaha Itiver, 
which in width are equal to those on the Savannah. Tliey do not extend from the marshes u]) more than IG miles — 
beyond, the frt-shets render them valuek'ss, except for timber. Next come tlie tide lands of the Ogeechoe, extending li) nnles 
up from the marshes, which produce rice, but are not well adapted to cotton. The tide lands of the Great Santilla are 
not OS broad as iJie others, but are productive and fertile 20 miles up from the marshes, yielding good crops of rice 
and cotton, and are not so liable to inun<Iation as those of other large streams. The inland swamps produce abundantly. 
Black-seed cotton is proiluccil on the oak lands adjoining the inland swamps, thouglj these lands are said to be of inferior 
quality. About fiO or 70 miles fi-om the coast begin the pine lands, which are valuable chiefly for the immense quantity 
of timber annually yielded. Tar, pitch, and turpentine are also largely manufactured in this section. The middle 
region of the Stale contains land of a red, loamy soil, producing tobacco, cotton, and all the grains. It was once very 
productive, but owing to the ■ xhausting system of cultivation adopted by the planters, it has become in many parts 
much impoverishorl, and large gullies and red barren hill sides often meet the eye in places where once abundant crops 
were produced. The jdanters, however, have become awake to the folly of a system so injurious to their best interests, 
and hill-side ditching, manuring, and a judicious rotation of crops, together with occasional rest to the land, is gradually 
restoring the soil. The institution of agricultural societies has also of late years stimulated emulation in this direction, and 
many of the great planters have set a good example to Iheir neighbors by adopting the improvements which science has 
prored necessary to insure success in agricidtural operations. The lands in the south-western part of the State, between 
the Chattahoochee and Flint rivers, arc in general fertile when first cleared, but are not very durable. Being of a light, 
sandy soil they produce fine crops ol cotton and sometimes sugar cane for a few years, and then become exhausted, 
when resort must be had to fertilizers. These lands, however, are cheaper in proportion to their fertility than any olhera 
in Georgia. In the north part of the Slate— that part knoivTi as Cherokee Georgia— the valleys are exceedingly rich, 
producing wheat, com, potatoes, etc., and in some places cotton is extensively raised ; but the crop is not so certain as in 
the lower regions. Tliis, indceil, is peculiarly a grain countrj', whUe the mountains yield the more valuable minerals, 
and are exceedingly attractive as grazing hnds. The land here is more costly than in any other part of the State, rang- 
ing from iJlO to ^0 per acre; while in the south-west lands of equal fertility cost not more than one-third those sums — 
the difference being due (o the grcaler durability of the northern Boils. But Cherokee Georgia is not the place to raise 
cotton; it is to be Uie granary jmd work-shop of the State, and its fields will produce com to feed the operatives who 
are to direct its water-power in manufacturing the cotton which the south produces, and in digging out from the bowels 
of the earth the minerals which are to regulate its inland commerce. 

I'pward of fitly streams in the State of Georgia are enumerated as deserving and having the designation of rivers. 
A very cursory glance at the map will show that her water resources are immense. The streams of this state alone 
which pour the volume of their waters from the mountain springs into the bosom of the Atlantic Ocean and the Gulf of 
Mexico, would f^upply suIJlcieiit power, in the eligible sites, to manufacture all the cotton grown in the world, or to grind 
all the grain gn»wn within the limits of the Union. The navigable rivers are the Savamiah, the Alatamaha, the Oroiiccs 
the Ocmulgec, the St. JIary's, the Ogeechce, the Flint, the Chattahoochee, the Coosa, and various others. These bear 
down to the seaboard the productions of the interior, and arc thronged by steamboats, sloops, and flat boats, laden wilh 
tiie material of a commerce valued at thirty-five to forty million of dollars a year. If Georgia has not the best of har'-M-rs. 
she has a large number, equal to all the requirements of the coasting trade. Savannah, Darien, Brunswick, ami i^U 
Mary's have harbor accommodations for a large class of shipping, and arc the centres of a considerable foreign trade. 
The great river of the State is the Savannah, which rises by two principal branches in North Carolina, near the sources 
of the Tennessee and Hiwassce on the one side, and the Chattabo(K-hee on the other, and after a course of about :;00 
miles, falls over Uic last chain of rock-hills into the great plain at Augusta, to which place, 250 miles from it^ mouth, it is 
navigable for steamers of light draft, and for large ships to Savannah, there being IS or 19 feet water on the bar at I'.w 
tide. Its principal tributaries are Brier Creek and Broad Kiver. The Chattahoochee, rising near the southern braiirh 
of the Savannah, pursues at first a soulh-westeriy course, but afterward turns to the south, and receiving Flint liiver on 
the Florida line, enters that State under the n,lmc of AppnlachicoUi. It is navigable to the falls at Columbus. SllO miles 
from its mouth, for a great part of the year, and its whole length is about 500 miles. Flint Eiver, above named, rises in 
the hilly country south of the Chatlalioochce, and has a total length of 300 miles, of which 75 miles to the fulls is open 
to navigation. The Oostannula and Etowah, rising in the mountains of the north, unito their streams at Bome, in 
Floyd County, whence they pass directly west into Alabama, under the name of Coosa. The Alatamaha is formed hy the 
junction of the Oconee nnd the Ocmulgee, which rise in tlie hilly region south of the Chattahoochee, and flow for about 
250 miles nearly parallel to each other, where the latter bends round no the east, and unites its waters wilh those of the 
former— thent are 12 to 13 feet Mater on the bar of Ihe Alatamaha at ebb-tide, and steamboats ascend the Ocmulgee to 
Macon, and the Oconee to Millc-dgevillo, allhough there are some obstructions to their navigation. The Ogeechee has a 
course of about 20n ndh s, of which 40 miles are navigr jd by small vessels. The Santilla. or St. Ilia, has a winding 
course, chiefly through a low, swamp region, but is partially navigable for river craft. The St. Mary's Eivcr rises in a 
low ridge, near Okeflnoke Swamp, and reaches the sea in Cumberland Sound : it has 13 feet of water on the bar at low 
tide, and sometimes as nuu-li as '-'3 feet in times of flood. The Allajiaha and ^Vithlacoochee, principa constituents of 
Suwannee liiver of Florida, and the Ocklockonee Kiver, are considerable streams in the south part of the Stale, which 
empty into the Gulf of Mexico. 

Mr. Stephens, one of Georgia's ropresenlalives in Congress, in a speech before that body, exhibited the physical, 
industrial, and moral con,iiti..n of h\^ .'<tate in the following glowing terms : •■ Georgia is tlie youngest of the old thirteen 
States that formed the Union. At that time she was the weakest of Ihal fraternal band." ***** ''Boston. .New 
York, and llichmond were nearly as old as Georgia now is. when Oglethorpe IJrst landed at Savannah. Bui notwiih- 
Btanding all this, 1 will not hhrink from il-g comparison. let it be iuslilutcd when or where il may. Georgia has her beds 



»44 



GEORGIA. 



of coal and iron ; Uer lime, gypsum, and marl : her quarries of granite and marble. She hns inexhaustible treasures of 
minerals, including gold, the most precious of metals. She has a soil and climate suitable for the growth and culture of 
every proiluct known to husbandry and agiicullure. A belter country for wheat and corn, and all the cereal planLi, to 
eay nothing of cotton and tobacco, is not tu be found in an equal space on this continent. There, too, grow the orange, 
the olive, the vine, and the fig, with foresis of oak and pine sufficient to build and mast the navies of the world. She 
has mountains for grazing, rivers for commerce, and waterfalls lor machinery of all kinds wilhout number. Nor have 
the.se great natural advantages and resources been neglected. Young as she is, she is now the first cotton-growing State 
In the Union. She has, I believe, thirty-si.v cotton Victories in oporaliou. and a great many more liasteuing to comple- 
tion — one of them has. or soon will have, leu thousand spindles, with two hundred looms, capable of turning out eight 
thousand yards of cloth per day. Her yams are already finding their way to ilie markets of the Korth and foreign 
countries; and the day is net distant when bhe will take the lead in the manufactur as well as the production of this 
great staple. She has also her flour, mills and paper mills — her forges, foundries, and furnaces, in full operation. Iler 
exports exceed yearly $.3o,000,n00 — equal to if not greater than those of all New England together. She has six hundred 
and fifty miles of railroad in operation, at a cost of $15.00u,000. antl two hundred miles more in the course of construc- 
tion, liy her energy ami enicrprise she has scaled the mountain barriers, and opened the way for the steam-car from 
the southern Atlantic purls Ut the waters of the great valley of the West^ But this is not all : sbe has four chartered 
universities — nay, five, for she has one devoted exclusively to the education of her daughters. She was the first State, I 
believe, to establish a female college, which is now in a flourishing condition, and one of tho brighest ornameuts of her 
charact'T. She has four hundred young men pursuing a collegiate course — ;t greater number, I beUcve, than any State 
in the L'nion, in proportion to her white population. Go, then, and take your statistics if you wish — you will find not 
only all those things to be so ; but I tell you also what you will not lind, you will not find any body in that State begging 
bread or asking alms — ^j"on will find but few paupers — you will not find forty thousand beings, pinched witli cold and 
hunger, demanding the right to labor, a. I saw it slated to be the case not long since in the City of New York. And 
when you have got all the information you want, come and institute the»comiiarison if you wish, with any State you 
please; make your own selection; I shall not shrink from it, nor will the people of that State shrink from it. Other 
gentlemen from the South can speak for their own States — I speak only for mine. And in her name, and in her behalf, 
as one of her respresentatives upon this floor, I accept the gauntlet in ad\'anee, and I have no fears of the result of a 
comparison of her statistics, socially, morally, politically, with any other state of equal population in this confederacy." 
« « 4: * * * ''That country has the greatest elements of iimsperity where the same amount of human labor or 
exertion will procure the greatest amount of human comforts, and that people are the most prosperous, whether few or 
many, who, possessing tliosc elemenla, control them by their energy, and industry, and economy for the accumulation 
of wealth. In these particulars the people of Georgia are inferior to none in this or any otlier country. They havo 
abundant reason to be content with their lot." ****** " The six hundred and fifty miles of railroad now in 
operation, to which I have alluded, were built by Georgia capital. One hundred and thirty-six miles, from Atlanta to 
Chattanooga, on the Tennessee Iliver, which is one of the greatest monuments of tho enterprise of the age. was built by 
the State. But her public debt is only a little over $1,80(1,000, wJiile that of the State of New York is over $20,000,000, 
besides $14,000,000 owed by the city alone ; and tlie debt of Pcuusylvania is $40,000,000. The bonds of the State of 
Georgia are held mostly by her own people. You do not see them hawked about in Northern or foreign markets at a 
depreciation. Eut they, as well as the stocks and securities of the private companies, are held mostly by her own citizens, 
and are commanding premiums at home."' 
Georgia is divided into 94 counties, the general statistics of which, and the capital of each in 1S50, was as follows: 



Coiioliea. 


DwelL 


P„P. 


Farmt 
in cult. 


Estah 


' Capitals. 


Counties. 


Dwell. 


Fop. 


Farms 
in rult 


Sab: Cap.tals. 


Appling .. 


410 . 


2,949 . 


313. 


. . 


TTolmesvillG 


Franklin .'. 


1,546 


. 11,513 . 


. 1,803 . 


. 4 


. CamesviUo 


Bak.r.... 


Too. 


8.120 . 


444. 


. 12 . 


. Xewlou 


Gilmer ... 


1,396 . 


. 8,440 . 


. 677. 


. 5 


. Ellejay 


BaWwiu . . 


617. 


S.US . 


240. 


. 8. 


MaLEDGEVILLE 


Glinn 


145 


. 4.933. 


. 92. 


. 8 


. Brunswick 


Bibb 


1,234 . 


12,099 . 


308 . 


. S2 . 


. Macon 


Gordon , , . 


. 661 


. 6.9S4. 


. 419. 


. 


. Calhoun 


Bryan 


212 . 


. 8,424. 


209. 


. 0. 


. Eden 


Greene . . . 


S54 . 


. 18,008 . 


. 512. 


.47. 


. Greensboro' 


Bu'llMck... 


4T7. 


4,800 . 


412. 


. 8. 


. Slalosboro' 


Gwinnett . 


1,610 . 


. 11.257 . 


. 1,086 . 


.26. 


. LawrenceviUe 


Eurko 


. I.OIT . 


. 16,100 . 


. 712 


.41 . 


. Waynesboro' 


Habersham 


1,338 . 


. S.S95 . 


. 732. 


. 5. 


. ClarkesviUo 


Bulls 


. C42. 


. 6,4?8. 


391 . 


.14. 


. -Jackson 


Il.all 


1,300 . 


. 8.713. 


. 697 . 


. 


. Oainesvillo 


Camck-n .. 


. 400 . 


. 6,319 . 


. 235 . 


. 5 . 


. Jefferaon 


Hancock . . 


761 . 


. 11.578 . 


. 4J4 . 


.20 


. Sparta 


Campbell . 


. 920 . 


. 7,282 . 


094. 


.18. 


. Campbelltoa 


Harris .... 


1.175 


. 14,721 . 


. 873 . 


.73 


. Haiuiltoa 


Carroll ... 


i.-;t[( . 


. 9,357. 


782 . 


.16. 


. Carrullton 


Heard 


724 


. 6.923. 


. 512. 


. 5 


. Franklin 


Cass 


1.T12 . 


. 13,300 . 


. 001. 


. s . 


. Cassville 


Henry .... 


1,CS0 . 


. 14.726 . 


. 1,003 . 


. 3. 


. M-Donough 


ChaUiam . 


1.915 . 


. 23,901 . 


. 132 . 


. 13 . 


. Savannah 


Houston .. 


1,136 . 


.16,460. 


. 7.60. 


. 23. 


. Ferry 


ClioUooga. 


. S69. 


. 6.815 . 


419: 


.10. 


Summerville 


Irwin 


. 44S. 


. 3,334 . 


. 414. 


. 0. 


. IrwinviUe 


ChiTokee . 


. 1.970 . 


. 12,800 . 


. 1,000 . 


. 5 . 


. Canton 


Jackson . . . 


.1,230 . 


. 9,768 . 


. 647. 


. 6 


. .Jeffe- ion 


Clark 


. I,fl24 . 


. 11,119 . 


400. 


. 65 . 


. Athens 


J.nsper — 


812 . 


. 11,486 . 


. MS. 


. 12 . 


. Monlicello 


Cobb 


. 1.91S. 


. 1S,S43 . 


. 931 . 


.10. 


Marietta 


.Jefferson . . 


7n5. 


. 9,131 . 


. .^38 . 


48. 


. Louisville 


Columbia . 


. 751 . 


. 11,901 . 


. 489. 


. 7. 


. Appling 


•Jones 


7.59. 


. 10,224 . 


4115. 


15. 


. Clinton 


Cowota . . . 


. l,;iS2 . 


. 13,635 . 


. 911. 


.52. 


. Newnan 


Laurens... 


684 . 


. 6,442. 


328. 


6 . 


. Dublin 


Crawford . 


. 754 . 


. s,984 . 


. 444. 


. 5. 


. Knoxville 


Lee 


. 630 . 


. 6,659 . 


. 357. 


7. 


. SlarkoTiUo 


Dade 


. 4.'1 


. 2.6S0. 


. 235. 


. 4 . 


. Trenton 


Liberty . , . 


800. 


. 7.926 . 


244. 


4 . 


. Hinestille 


Decatur ... 


. SOS. 


. 8.202 . 


. 441 . 


. 2 . 


. Bainbridgo 


Lincoln ... 


878. 


. 6,993. 


. 273. 


18. 


. Liucolntou 


De Kiilb . . 


1.793 . 


. 14,328 . 


1,019 . 


.45 . 


. Decatur 


Lowudes.. 


932 . 


. 8,361 . 


. 649. 


. 2. 


. Troupville 


Dooly 


. 902. 


. 8.361 . 


. 003. 


. 8 . 


. Drayton 


Lumpkin . 


1.381 . 


. S,9.'>4 . 


. 698. 


. 0. 


. Duhlonega 


Early 


. 0.')G . 


. 7,246. 


. 867. 


.11 . 


. Blakely 


Macon 


679 . 


. 7,062. 


419. 


0. 


. Lanier 


Kflinirliain 


. 3M. 


. 3.S64. 


. 808. 


. . 


. Springfield 


Madison... 


. 693. 


. ."i,608 . 


404. 


3. 


. Danielsville 


Hberl.... 


1.177 . 


. 12.969 . 


. 804. 


.20 . 


. Elberton 


Marion . . . 


1,101 . 


. 10,280 . 


563. 


4. 


. Tazewell 


Emanuel . . 


. 00.5 . 


.' 4,.'.77. 


. 511. 


. 0. 


Swainsboro* 


M-Intosh.. 


283. 


. 6,023 . 


117. 


10. 


. Daricn 


Fayelle . . . 


. 1,190 . 


. 8.709 . 


. 818. 


. 6 . 


. FayetteviUe 


Merriwether 1.428. 


. 16.476 . 


824. 


0. 


. Greenvilla 


rioyd.... 


. S06. 


. 8,205 . 


. 897. 


.15. 


. Rome 


Monroe. . . 


1,194 . 


.10085. 


746 . 


2. 


Forsyth 


Forsyth ... 


1,334. 


S.S60. 


. 765. 


. 8. 


. Cnmming 


Montg'mery 236 . 


. 2,154. 


103. 


0. 


Mount Vernon 
245 



Counties. 


Dwell. 


f°I>- I', 


Morgau ... 


. 621. 


.10,7+4.. 


Murray .... 


. 2.MT . 


. 14,433.. 1, 


Muscogee . 


l.SSl. 


. 1S.57S . . 


Newton... 


. 1^74 . 


. 13,296 . . 


Oglethorpe 


. 819. 


. 12,259 . . 


Paulding . 


. 1,059 . 


. 7,039.. 


Pike 


1,4T4 . 


. 14,:M5.. S 


Pulaski... 


701 . 


. 6.627.. 


Putnam .. 


. 609. 


. 10,794 . . 


Rabun — 


. 8S5. 


. 2,448.. ' 


Bamlulph. 


. 1,408 . 


.13,863.. ' 


Kiclitnond 


.1,556. 


.16,246.. 


Bcriven... 


567. 


. 6,S47.. - 


Stewart... 


1,4.33 . 


.16,027.. 


Sumter . . . 


1,109 . 


.10,322.. ' 


Talbot.... 


1,324 . 


.16,531.. ! 







GEORGIA. 












arms 
cult. 


Manul 


Capit'ils. 


Counties. 


Dwell. 


Pop. 


Farms 
in cull. 


M^nuf 
Estab 


Capitals. 


886 


.81 . 


. Madison 


Taliaferro. 


. 408 


. 8,146. 


. 294 


.16. 


Crawfordsville 


,0:!4 


.25. 


Spring Place 


Tatnall . . . 


. 434. 


. 8,227. 


. 827 


.10 . 


. KeidsviUe 


5il 


.80. 


. Columbus 


Telfair.... 


. 840. 


. 8,026. 


230 


. 0. 


Jacksonville 


812 


.23. 


Covington 


Thomas... 


. S38 


. 10,103 . 


. 534 


. 6. 


. Thomasville 


555 


. 13. 


Lexington 


Troup .... 


. 1,295 


. 16,879 . 


. 7S9 


. S. 


Lagrange 


422 


. 10. 


Van Wert 


Twiggs... 


. 696 


. 6,179. 


. 867 


. 0. 


Marion 


S07 


.21 . 


Zfbulon 


Union 


.1.141 


, 7,234. 


. 911 


. 3 . 


. Blairsville 


871 


. 3 . 


Ilawkinsville 


Upson .... 


. 795 


. 9,424 . 


. <:j6 


.10. 


. Tliomaston 


851 


. .32 . 


Eatonton 


Walker... 


1,567 . 


. 18,109 . 


600 


. 1 . 


Lafayette 


2S2 


. 0. 


Clayton 


Walton... 


1,191 . 


. 10,831 . 


864. 


.66. 


Monroe 


930 


.88. 


Cutlibert 


Ware 


. 561 . 


.. 8,838 . 


3.39 


. . 


Wareslioro' 


272 


.56. 


Au2iisla 


Warren . . . 


. 1,1.S5 . 


. 12,425 . 


605 


.42. 


Warrenton 


493 


. 0. 


Jaeksonboro* 


Washington 1,077 . 


. 11,766 . 


. 632 


. 6. 


SandersviUo 


990 . 


.86. 


Lumpkin 


Wayne... 


1S2. 


. 1,499. 


172 


. 0. 


Waynesville 


76S. 


.34. 


Americua 


Wilkes . . . 


709 . 


. 12,107 . 


468. 


. 9 . 


Washington 


923. 


.46. 


Talbolton 


Wilkinson 


. 9S3. 


. 8,212. 


645 


. S. 


Ir^vintoii 



The whole number of dwellings in the State, at the above date, was 91,011, of families 91,471, and of inhabitants 
90.^.999, viz., whites 521,438— males 206,096, and lemales 265,-342 ; tree colored 2,SS0— males 1,363, and females, 1,512 ; and 
slaves 3S1,6S1. Of the whole population, there were: dm/and rfum^— wh. 211, fr. eol. 0, si. 41 ; llind—wh. 224, fr. col. 
5, si. 80 : tn«/jM— wh. 281, fr. col. 2, si. 23; and i'lioUc—v/h. 476, fr. col. 3, si, 93. The number of free persons born in 
the United States was 517,995 ; the number of foreign birth was 5,907, and of birth unknown, 697 ; the native population 
originated as follows: Maine 173, Neyv Hampshire 122, Vermont 186, Massachusetts 594, Ehode Island 108, Connecticut 
712, New York 1,203, New Jersey 331, Pennsylvania 642, Delaware 117,' Maryland 703, District of Columbia 72, Virginia 
7,.331, North Carolina 37,522, South Carolina 52.1.64, Georgia 402,582, Florida 1,103, Alabama 31,154, Mississippi 184, Loui- 
siana 42, Texas 23, Arkansas 25, Tennessee 8,211, Kentucky 458, Ohio 46, Michigan 8, Indiana 50, Illinois 41, Missouri 
60, Iowa 1, Wisconsin 2, California 0, and the Territories ; and the/OT'«!!7n population was composed of persons from— 
England 679, Ireland 3,202, Scotland .367, Wales 13. Germany 947, France 177. Spain 13, Portugal 6, Belgium 41, Holland 
11. Turkey 1, Italy 83, Austria 3, Switzerland 38, P.ussia S, Denmark 24, Norway 6, Sweden 11, Prussia 25, Greece 1, Asia 
2, Africa 13, British America 108, Mexico 8, South America 8, West Indies 95, and other countries 58. 

The following table will exhibit the decennial progress of the population since the first census of the State, taken by the 
United States authorities : 









Coloreil Persons. 




Decennial 


Incfe.Tse. 




Wl.ito 
Persons. 








Total 
Population. 






Year. 


Free. 


Slave. 


Total. 


NuiuericaL 


Per cent 


1790... 


... 62,536 ... 


... 898. 


.. 29,264 ... 


29,663 . . 


.. 82,548 .. 


— ... 


... — 


1800 ... 


... 101,678 ... 


... 1.019 . 


.. 59,404 ... 


60,423 . 


..162,101 .. 


.. 79.653 ... 


... 964 


1810 ... 


. .. 145,414 ... 


...1,801 . 


.. 105,213 ... 


107,1119 . 


. . 2.52,433 . . 


.. 90.832 ... 


...55.1 


1820... 


... 189,564 ... 


... 1,767 . 


..149,656... 


161,423 . 


. . 840.937 . . 


.. 83.564... 


... 36.1 


1830 ... 


...296,806 ... 


...2,486 . 


..217,5:31 .. 


220,017 . 


.. 616,82.3 .. 


. . 176.836 . . . 


. . . B1.2 


1340 ... 


... 407,695 ... 


...2,763 . 


.. 280,944 ... 


283,C97 .. 


.. 691,892 .. 


. . 174.669 . . . 


. . . 83.8 


1650 ... 


...621,438 ... 


... 2,SS0 . 


. . 881,631 . . . 


384,661 . 


. . 906,999 . . 


. . 214.607 . . . 


. . . 31.0 



The statistics of the industry and wealtlt of Georgia, as furnished by the census of 1350, and other official returns 
referring to that year, are as follows : 

Occupied Latuls, ffc.— Improved lands. 6,373,479 acres ; and unimproved lands, 16,412,900 acres— valued in cash at 
$95,763,445. Number of farms under cultivation, 51,759. Value of farming implements aud machinery. $5,894,160. 

I.ive-Stocl: — Horses, 151,331; asses and mules, 57,339; mileh cows, 334,223: working oxen, 73,286; other cattle, 
690,016; sheep, 560,435; and swine, 2,168,617— valued in the aggregate at *25,723,416. (In 1340 there were 167,540 
horses, mules, etc ; 884,414 neat cattle of all kinds ; 207,107 sheep, and 1.457,7.')5 swine.) 

Grain C/-ops.— Wheat, 1,038,531 bushels ; rye, 53,750 bushels ; Indian corn, 30,030,090 bushels ; oats, 3,820,044 bushels ; 
barley, 11,601 bushels; and buckwheat, 260 bushels. (The crops of 1839-40 were — wheat, 1,801.830 bushels; barley, 
12,979 bushels ; oats, 1,610,080 bushels ; rye, 60.693 bushels ; buckwheat, 141 bushels ; and Indian corn, 20,905,122 bushels.) 

Ot/ier Crops. — Kice, 38,950,691 pounds; tobacco, 423,9.34 pounds; ginned cotton, 300,901 bales of 400 pounds; pe.asand 
beans, 1,142,011 bushels; potatoes— Irish, 227,379, and sweet, 6,986,428 busliels; hay, 23,449 tons; clover-seed, 133, and 
other grass-seed, 428 bushels ; bops, 261 pounds ; hemp — dew-rotted, 0, and water-rotted, tons ; flax, 6,337 pounds ; flax- 
seed, 622 bushels; maple sugar, 50 pounds; cane sugar, 1,644 hogsheads of 1,000 pounds; molasses, 316,160 gallons; 
wine, 796 gallons, etc. The value of orchard products was $92,776, and of market-garden products, $76,600. The 
annexed table compares the crops of the great staples in 1840 and 1350 : 

Staplea. IS-IO, 1S.50. 

Cane Sugar 329,744 pounds .... 1,644,000 pounds . 

Ginned Cotton 163,393,896 " . . . . 120,.360,400 " 

Tobacco 162,894 " 42-3,934 " 



Kice 12,384,782 



... 38,960,691 



MoTement. 

. . . incr. 1 ,814,256 pounds, or 898.5T per cent 
... rfecc. 43,031,996 " or 26,84 " ' 
...«•)!<■;■. 261,040 " or 160.25 " 
. . . ina: 26,565,959 " or 214.51 " 



Producia o/A-nimah.—Vfoa], 990,019 pountls (in 1840, 871,30,3) ; butter, 4,640,559 pounds, and cheese, 46,976 pounds ; 
and the value of animals slaughtered in the year had been $6,339,762. Silk cocoons were produced to Oie amount.of 813 
pounds (in 1840, 2,992J); and beeswax and honey, to tliat of 732,514 pounds. 
Itcme-made maniifnclures for the year ending 30th June, 1850, were valued at $1,888,963 (in 1840, $1,467,630), 
J/«n?(/nc«KrM.— Aggregate capital invested, $00,000,000 ; value of raw material, fuel, etc., consumed, $0,000.000 , ave- 
rage number of hands employed, 00,000 — males, 00,000, and females, 0,000 ; average monthly cost of labor— male, $000,000, ' 
and female, $00,000 ; annual value of products, $00,000,000, The whole number of manufacturing establishments, pro- 
ducing to the value of $600 and upward in 1860, was 1,407, and of these 36 were cotton factories, 3 woolen factories, 140 
tanneries, and 10 iron establishments, of which 4 manufactured casting, 8 pig-iron, and 8 wrought iron. 
346 



GEORGIA. 



The coUo7i manufactures employ a capita! of $1,736,156; the cotton consumed in the year ending 30th June, ISoO, was 
20,230 bales, and the value of all raw material, fuel, etc., was $900,419; average hands employed— males 873, and females 
1,399 ; monthly coat of labor— male, $l-2,725, and female, $10,352 ; value of entire products, $2,135,044, the products of the 
year having been 7,209,292 yards of sheeting, and 4.193.351 pounds of yarn. 

The woolen manufactures have a capital invested amountlnij: to $68,000, and consume annually 153,816 pounds 
of wool ; value of all raw material, $30,392 ; hands employed— males 40, and females 33 ; monthly cost of labor— male 
$1,099, and female, $536 ; cloth manufactured, 340,660 yards ; vahie of Hie entire products, $SS.750. 

The taiuieries employ a capital of .$262,s5o, and use annually SI ,484 hides, and 21,705 skins, valued at $1S5,604; hands 
employed. 402; monthly wages, or cost of labor, $7,107; skins tanned, 21,705, and sides of leather tanned, 162,963 — 
valued together at $361,586. 

The various t/wi manufactures are in accordance with the following statistics : 



Specified 
IHanuffti" lures. 

Pig Iron , 

Cast Iron 

Wrought Iron . 



Capital Titl'ie of 

Invested. Raw Material. M;tle. 

, $26,000 $25,840 135 . 

. 35,000 11.950 39 . 

9,200 5,936 26 , 



Montlily Wages, 

Male. Female. 

.... $17.44 $5.00 , 

. . . . 27.43 0.00 . 

.... 11.35 5.00 . 



Tons Entire Value 

Prudiired. of ProducU. 

. . . 900 $57,300 

... 415 ..... . 46,200 

. . . 90 15,3d4 



The total capital invested in the iron manufacture ia thus $70,200: the value of raw material, fuel, etc., consumed, 
$43,776; an<X the total value of products. $11S,8S4. 

The branches of industry, others than tJiose above enumerated, and forming the bulk of the manufactures of the Stato, 
consist chiefly of Mills of various descriptions, as saw and flouring mills, paper mills, boot and shoe shops, wheelwright 
shops, agricultural-implement manufacturers, etc., etc., which, taken together, and in connection with the national 
manufactures in which this Stiito is engaged, constitute a very respectable manufacturing interest, and place Georgia in 
a proud position — first among its compeers of the Southern Slates. 

Foreign Commerce. — Not more than a sixth of the commercial staples of Georgia are exported directly, or in shipping 
belonging to the Stale. The great bulk of Its products are carried coastwise, and chiefly in northern vessels to northern 
ports, and thence trans-shipped to the foreign port ; and even of the one-sixth, constituting the material of ils direct 
foreign commerce, more than Ihree-fiftlis is exported in vessels of foreign nations ; besides, a large moiety of the products 
of Western Georgia is shipped at Appalachicola, in Florida. The exports to f<H-eign countries, in the year ending 30th 
June, 1850, were valued at $7,551,94;?, of which $4,929,791 represents llie value of merchandise carried in foreign bottoms ; 
and the direct imports were valued at $63G,9G4, of which $330,081 was the value of goods carried in foreign bottoms. The 
■whole of the exports were of domestic origin. The total entries wero lis (57,017 tons), of which 71 (45,134 tons) were 
foreign ; and the total clearances were 141 (72.563 tons), of which 83 (51.524 tons) were foreign. The whole of this com- 
merce was done in the district of w'hich Savannah is the port of entry. The amount of shipping owned in the State at 
the above-named period was 21,690 tons, distributed among the several collection districts as follows' 



Reirislered. 



Collertion , ' , 

Distriota. Perm't. Tenip'ry. 

Bavannah 4,159 G,27S . . 

Sunbury — — .. 

Brunswick — — . 

Ilardwick — — . 

St.Mary'a — 491. 



Enrolled 


and LicenseJ. 


rerm'l. 


Tem|-'r> 


8,524 . 


CCj 


lU . 


- 


092 . 


243 



(under 20 tons.) 
105 



19,731 , 



by Steam. 
, . 6,479 



1,4-25 . 



All the registered tonnage is employed in the foreign trade, and all the enrolled and licensed in the coasting trade : the 
vessels navigated by steam are of the latter classes. The number of vessels built in the year was 5 — 2 schooners and 3 
etcamers — with a total burden of 6S4 tons. The statistics of the foreign commerce of Georgia for a series of years exhibit 
the following movements : 

Ye.ir9. Exports. Tmj 

ISll $2,60S,S65 $- 

1S12 1,060,703 

1S13 1,094,595 

1S14 2,1S?.,121 



Years. Exporla, 

1791 $491,250 

1792 469,106 



Importe. 



1T93 
1794 
1795 
1796 
1797 
1798 



620,955 . 
263,532 . 
695,9S6 . 
980,15s . 
044,307 . 
961,843 . 



1799 . . . 


.. 1,890,759 


ISOO... 


.. 2,174,268 


1801 . . 


.. 1.755 939 


1803 . . . 


.. 1,834,951 


1803... 


.. 2,-570,575 


1804 . . . 


.. 2.077.692 


1S05... 


.. 2,894,S46 


1806 . . . 


S2.764 


1S07 . . . 


.. 3,74l.s4d 


1S08 . . . 


24,r>2G 


1S09... 


. . l,0S2.1iiS 



1310 2,238,CS6 . 



1^15 . 



4,17 



319 . 



1816 7,511,929. 

1817 8,790,062. 

1818 11,132,090. 

1S19 6,310,434 . 

1S20 6,594.023. 

IS2I 6,014,310. 

1822 8.4S4.S69. 

1S23 4,293,606. 

1324 4,023,932. 

1825 4,222,883. 

1826 4,306,604. 

1S27 4,261, 5.'». 

1S2S 3,104.425. 

1829 4,0SI,i!76. 

1880. 



],002,6S4 
9S9.6D1 
070,705 
651,838 
343,.356 
330,993 
312.009 
808,609 
880,293 
5,836,626 282,436 



Years. Exports. Import*. 

1 831 $3,9.59,318 $399,940 

1S32 6,515,883 253,417 



1883 

1834 

1835 

1836 

1837 



6,270,ft4'5 318,990 

7,567,337 546,802 

8,890,074 893,049 



10,722,200 .578,223 

8,935,041 774,349 

1833 8.803,839 770.063 

1839 5,970,441 418,907 

1840 0,802,959 491,423 

1.S41 3,090,518 449,007 

1842 4„300,257 3^11,764 

1343 4,522,401 207,4.32 

1S44 4,283,805 80o,C.3» 

1815 4,567,435 206 301 

1S40 2,708,003 205,495 

1847 5,712,149 207,180 

1843 3,670,415 217,114 

1849 6,867,806 371,024 

1850 7,651,943 630.961 



Internal Communication. — The rivers of Georgia famish in the aggregate a long line of navigable channels, which 
give the greater part of the interior a ready access by steamboat or batteaux to the Gulf and Atlantic seaboards. The 
names, length, etc., of the principal of these are given elsewhere. Georgia has also famished itself with extensive and 

24T 



GEORGIA. 



nan^ifioont lined of internal improvcmcnta; lier railways now in active operation have a length of 859 miles, and there 
are about SitO miles now in progress of construction, Jr for which charters have been obtained. The direction of the 
Georgia railwriys is generally between llie Bcabourd and the interior; two lines, one from the port of Savannah iind the 
other from llmt of Charleston, run south-west to a junction with the system of Tennessee railroads, terminating at Chat- 
tanooga, distimt from the first-named place 432 miles, and from the latter 44S miles; and in their course give off several 
branches and connect with other railroads passing westward into Alabama, etc. Among the projected railroads the 
most imporumt are thoso from Savannah and Brunswick to the Flint Kiver and the seaports of Florida. Georgia has 
also two short canals: the Savannah and Ogeeehce Canal. 16 miles long, and the Brunswick Canal, 12 miles long; the 
former extends from t^avaunah to the Ogeechee llivcr, Iml is now unused, and the latter from Brunswick to the 
Alataniaba lliver. The proportion of completed railroads to superficies in this State, in January, 1S53, was as 1 mile of 
road to every G7J square miles, and to the population as 1 miie of road to every 1,055 persons. 

Banks, «/<:.— In December, 1850, there were in the Stflte 11 banks and 10 branch banks, and their condition in the 
aggregate was as follows: lidbilitif^—caiiMul, $13,-182,19S ; circulation, .$11,771,270; deposits, $3.08o,CS0; due other 
banks, $3,035,S98, and other liabilities. $28,200 ; and a**'^;*:— loans and discounts, $23.312,330 ; stocks, $963,611 ; real estate, 
$S3'^.429; other investments. $2:J(;,205: due by other banks, $5,020,99>; notes of other banks, $810,395; specie funds, 
$306.909^and specie $2.ais,223. The branch banks are branches of the Bank of the State of Georgia, the head-quarters 
of which is at Savannah. 

Government.— QvOTg^a'A first constitation was made in 1777; a second in 17S5, and the one on which the present 
government is based, in 1798. It has subsequently undergone numerous amendments. Every citizen of the t^Iate, 21 
years old, who has paid all taxes demanded for one year, and has resided in the county fur six months qext before an 
election, has the right to vote. 

The legislature is styled the General Assembly, and consists of a Senate and House of Kepresentalives, the members 
of both of which arc elected biennially. Keprcscntatives (180 in number) must be 21 years old and have been eiiizena 
of the State three years and of the United States seven years next before the election; senators (-17 in number) are 
chosen in districts, and must be 24 years old, and have been citizens of the United States nine years. A census of the 
Btat/" is taken every seven years and representatives apportioned in accordance with its results. 

The Governor is chief executive : he must be 30 years old, and have been a citizen of the United States twelve years 
and of the State six years, and be possessed of 500 acres of land, or $4,000 in other property above all debts. lie is 
elected for two years by a popular majority vote, or in ease there be not a choice, then one of the two candidates having 
the highest number of votes shall be elected by joint ballot of the General Assembly. In case of the office becoming 
vacant, the chair is flUed by the President of the Senate, and after him by the Speaker of the House. The gov<.'ruor may 
veto a bill, but two-thirds of both houses subsequently voting in favor of the rejecte*! bill, makes it law nevertheless. 

The executive ofllcers of the government of the Stale are— a Secretary of State, a State Treasurer, a Ci-nipiroller- 
general, a Surveyor-general, and a State Librarian. The Keeper of the Penitentiary, Commissioner of the Deaf and 
Dumb, and State Printer, come under this head. 

The Judiciary consista»of a Supreme Court, Superior Courts, and courts of inferior jurisdiction. The Supreme Court, 
for the correction of errrors, consists of three judges, one of which is chief judge, elected by the General Assembly for 
such term as the law may provide, and are removable upon address of two-thirds of each house. The judges of the 
Superior Court are elected for six years, with jurisdiction exclusive in criminal cases and in land cases, and concurrent 
in all other civil cases. Justices of the inferior courts are elected by the people in districts. All judges have fixed 
salaries. The State is divided into thirteen circuits with a judge for each, viz. : Northern, Eastern, Southeni, Western, 
Middle, Ocmulgee, Flint, Chattahoochee, Cherokee, Coweta. South-western, Macon, and Blue Ridge. Savannah and 
Augusta have special courts of Oyer and Terminer. Each county elects an •' ordinary,'' who holds otfice for four years, 
and has the ordinar)- jurisdiction of a judge of probate. Sheriffs arc appointed for t^*o years, but not for two terms in 
BDccession. 

On the institution of slavery, the constitution provides, that "There shall bo no importation of slaves from Africa or 
any foreign place after October 1st, 1793, nor shall the legislature have power to free slaves without the owner's consent, 
or to prevent immigrants from bringing with them persons deemed slaves by any one of the United States. Slaves are 
protected in their persons, like iVee while persons, except in case of insurrection, and unless their "death should hapi)en 
from accident in giving such slaves moderate correction." Amendments to the constitution, if passed by two-thirds of 
each house, shall bo published six months before the next election of members of the General Assembly ; and if passed 
in the same manner at the first session thereafk-r, shall be adopted. 

The mUitia of Georgia consists of 7S.G99 men of all grades and arms, of which 5,050 are commissioned ofllcers, and 
78,049 non-commissioned officers, musicians, and privates. Of the commissioned officers 39 are general officers, 91 
general staff officers, 624 field ofBcers, and 4,290 company officers. 

The State benevolent inniituikms arc an Asylum for the Deaf and Dumb, under the management of commissioucrs, 
and another for Lunatics, in the hands of trustees. 

F\mvnce.<i. Debt, f(.\— The balance in the treasury on the 20th October, 1849, amounted to $354,097 52, and the receipts 
into the treasury during the next fiscal year amounted to $855,226 98— total means for the year $709,924 50. Disburse- 
ments for the same period $355,440 00, and balance remaining $354,484 50; less unavailing for execution warrants 
$286,746 00, leaving an actual balance of $07,738 50. The public debt of the State amounted to $1,829,072 22. and tho 
bonds have fmni IS to 20 years to nm. Of this sum $72,000 are in sterling bonds, sold to Messrs. Reid, Irving & Co., of 
London, England, and the remainder Federal bonds. Tbc semi-annual dividends, as well as the principal of the sterling 
bonds, arc payable in London. The whole annual interest on the debt is $110,223 33. A committee of the legislature 
appointed to examine the State nccounli* in 1S51, recommended that the balance then in the treasury should be applied 
to the redemption of the sterling bonds, and the Stat« has a sinking fund for tho ultimate redemption of the whole debt as 
It becomes due. The chief sources of income are the general lax and a special tax on bank stock. The principal items 
of expenditure arc the pay of the legislature biennially, abtiut $65,000, of the civil establishment, incluiling judiciary, 
annually, about $4.'"),0(i0; the support of tho Deaf and Dumb Asylum, about $17,000; printing, an annual average of 
about $0,000. and miscellaneous expenses, about $12,000 annually. The items of interest on and reduction of the debt 
are additional to these. The .issessed value of taxable properly in the State in 1850 was $3-55.110.225. 

f^d^ral a^prfJienttttinn.—GQorgia. In accordance with the present law regulating the distribution of members to the 
United States Bouse of Representatives, ocoupies eii/ht seats in that bodv. 
248 



GEO 



GER 



DeEominn- No. of 


Cliurcli 


Value or 


Denomiua. No. 


>1 Clmrcti 


tions. Cliu relies 


aiTom. 


Property. 


tions. Cburc 


les. accom. 


Baptist 621 .. 


310,OCS . 


. J390,8lJl 


Jewtsli — 


— 


Christian 5 . . 


1,710 . 


. 12,0511 


LttUicran 8 


.. 2,825 


Congregafl . 1 . . 


261} . 


2,700 


Menuunite . . — 


— 


Dutclilief... — .. 


— . 


— 


Metliodist...735 


. 233,143 


Episcopal... 19 .. 


8,9T5 , 


. iu9,oro 


Moravian. . . 1 


75 


Free 5. 


1,0^0 . 


2,050 


Presltyterian 93 


. 89,996 


Frieniis 2 .. 


ODO . 


400 


K. Calliolic. 8 


. 4,250 


German Kef — . 


— . 


— 


Swedeubo'n. — 


— 



Denomiua- No. of 
tioiis. Churclics 

Tiinker .... — .. 


Cliurdi 


V.ilue of 
Property. 

. $- 


Union 16 .. 


7,'^50 


. 21,100 


Inilarian. .. — .. 


— 


. 


Universalist. 3 .. 


900 


1,000 


Minor Sects. 7 .. 


1,375 


1,625 


Total.... 1,T-J3 . 


C12,S92. 


Jl,269,169 



Relifjious St<tti^tlcs,—ThQ census of 1S50 returns Ihe several religious denominations, in reference to the churches, 
church aecommodaliou, and church property of each, as follows : 

Value of 

Frtijiertv. 

$_ 

84,S50 

393,743 

25 

21S,S05 

79,500 

Georgia is a diocese of the Protestant Episcopal Church, and with all Florida east of Appalachicola Cay, forms tho 
Eoman Catholic diocese of Savannah. 

£/l iwatioiL—Th.^ State of Georgia in 1S50 had 23 colleges or universities, 237 academics and high echools, and 623 
common or primary schools. The chief collegiate institutions were, the Cuiversity at Athens, founded in 17^5, and in 
1S50 had S professors, G46 alumni, of which 65 were ia the ministry, and 155 students, and a library of 13,600 volumes; 
Oglethorpe College, fouaded ISStJ, and located at Medway, had professors, S3 alumni (13 ministers), S5 students, and a 
library of 4,500 volumes; Emory College, founded 1S37 al Oxford, and belonging to the Methodists, had 5 professors, 133 
alumni (16 ministers), 115 students, and 1,700 volumes; Mercer University, founded 1S3S at Pcnfield, had 7 professors, 
32 alumni (ID ministers), 71 students, and 3,4i)0 volumes; and Wesleyan Female College at Macon, founded 1889, had 
6 profess9rs. 156 alumni, and 193 students. The academies had 400 teachers and 14,296 students, and the common or 
primary schools 2,00,S teachers and 26,000 schools. Libraries 517 — volumes 117,594. 

PattpeHsm ami Crime.— The whole number of persons who received support from the public funds within the year 
ending 1st June, 1S50, was 1,036, of whom 97S were native born and 53 foreigners ; and the number of paupers at that 
date was 354— S25 natives and 29 foreigners. Annual cost of support $27,S20. The whole number of persons convicted 
of crime in the year ending as above was S5, of whom 00 were natives and 19 foreign born; and the whole number in 
prison at that date was 41. The Stale renitentiary is located at Mille<lgeville. 

Historical Sketch.— Georgia w,is the last settled of the old States; the Charter under which the colony was founded 
was granted in 1732 by George IL— in honor of whom it received its name — to the Trustees for the Establishing tho 
Colony of Georgia. The double purpose of making the settlement was to relieve the distresses of the poor at home, and to 
secure the frontiers of the Carolinas from the Indians and Spaniards, In 1733 General Oglethorpe, one of tlie trustees, con- 
ducted the first colonists to the Savannah, and several bodies of Germans and Highlanders were soon after brought over. 
Tho lauds were held on a military tenure. The country was repeatedly traversed by the Spaniards from Florida, who 
considered the occupation of the English as an encroachment upon their domain. In 1752 the proprietary government 
was abolished, and Georgia became a royal colony. The original limits of the State included the territoi7 now divided 
into the two thriving States of Alabama and Mississippi. 

At the commencement of the lievolutionary War, Georgia was only in the infancy of her strength, and had just begun 
to enjoy peace and the advanliiges of a better system of government. The inhabitants knew the operation of the royal 
govcrnmenl only by its favorable contrast with that of the Trustees. Notwithstanding, the people did not hesitate to tako 
part wiih their northern brethren. During the war that ensued, Georgia was overrun by the British troops, and tho 
principal inhabitants were compelled to abandon their possessions and fly into tiie neighboring States. In proportion to 
their numbers, the exertions and losses of her citizens were as great as in any of the States. 

After the war Georgia suffered on her frontiers from the incursions of the Creek Indians, whose hostility had been too 
oflen provoked by tho whites. In 1790 a treaty was concluded with this nation, by which the boundaries of Georgia 
were established. In 1S02 the Creeks ceded to the United Slates a large tract of country, which has since been ceded by 
the United States to Georgia, and forms the south-west comer of the State. Georgia possessed— as included within her 
limits— a claim to an immense body of Western land, of which in 1795 the Legislature sold a large portion, said to havo 
contained 22,000,000 acres, to a company, by which it was again sold to individuals. In the succeeding year the Legisla- 
ture declared the sale unconstitutional, and on the ground that it was obtained through bribery, they declared it to bo 
void, and ordered all the records to be burned. In 1802 Georgia ceded to tho United Stales all the lands west of tho 
Chattahoochee River, and of a certain line including the contested lands; and in 1S14 Congress passed an act l)y which 
o compromise was made with the purchasers, who received a certjun amount of public stock. The history of Georgia 
since this period records no territorial or goverrmient changes ; but it is full of instruction, recording tho gradual prog:res3 
of a people in the arts, agricultm-e. manufactures, and commerce, from a small beginning to an elevation attained by few 
other members of the Confederation, in the escutcheon of which this State is one of the brightest stars. 

MiLLEDGEViLLE b thc political capital of the State. 



Georgia, t. arrd p. v., Franklin co., Verm. : 41 m. N. W. 
Montpelier. Drained in the N. by creeks of Lake Cham- 
plain, which bounds it on the W., and in the S. by Lamoille 
r., which famishes water-power. Along the lake the sur- 
face is level— otherwise somewhat hilly ; soil in the S. sand, 
and covered with pine growths. The v. lies on the Ver- 
mont Central K. K., 4S m. from Montpelier. In the t. there 
are several tanneries and mills, but the industry of the in- 
habitants is chiefly devoted to agriculture. Pop. 2,6S6, 

Gbeman, t. and p. v.. Chenango co.. A^ 1'. ; 106 ra. W. 
Albany. Drained I)y affluents of Otselic and Chenango 
rivers. Surface hilly ; soil of moderate fertility and good 
for grazing. The v. is situate near the centre, and ia a 
eraall agricultural settlement. Pop. of t. 903. 

Gefjiah, L and p. o., Darko co., Ohio: 94 m. W. Colum- 



bus. Drained by tributaries of Greenville cr. of Miami r. 
Surface varied by hills; soil rich and fertile. Pop. 1,502. 

Germansa, p. v., Orange co., Virff. : 59 m. N. W. 
Richmond. 

GEnMANNO, p. 0., Harrison co., Ohio : 212 m. E. N. E. 
Columbus. 

German Settlement, p. o., Preston co., Ttrff. : a flour- 
ishing village and settlement, ISS m. N- W. Richmond. It 
contains numerous mills, mechanic shops, etc., and about 
600 inhabitants. 

Germanton. p. v., Stokes co., K. Car. : on Town fork of 
Dan r., 9S m. W. N. W. Raleigh. It was, until 1«51, cap- 
ital of the county, and contains the old court-house, a jail, 
etc., several stores, and about 200 inhabitants. 

Geemantow-n, U and p. c, Columbia co., jY r: ; 3S m. 

249 



GER 



GIL 



8. Albany. Drained by Hudson r., which ia ils "W. boond- 
ary. Surface gently undulating; soil, clayey loam, and 
fertile. Pop. 1,022. There arc several buildings, wilh 
etores, etc., on nudson r., and Ihe Iludsoa liiver 11. E. 
passes through the town. 

Gebma-ntown, p. v., Marion co., Ind, : on Fall cr.j 15 m, 
K. £. Indianapolis. 

Gebmantown, p. v., Mason co., Ki/. : 09 m. E. N. E. 
Frankfort. 

Germantown, p. v., Montgomer)' co., Ohio: in a beauti- 
ful valley near the junction of liig and Little Twin creeks 
of Miami r., and 8urrounde<l on the N. and E. by hills, 77 
m. W. S. W. Columbus. It is a thriving place with several 
manufactures and mechanic shops, and has about 2,i'0() in- 
habitants. It has a newspaper, the "■ Western Emporium," 
a weekly issue. It was settled by Germans from Penn- 
eylvania. 

GKBiiA«^rowN, t. and p. v., TMiiladelphia co., Penn. : S9 
m. E. by 8. Harrisborg. Drained by AVissihicken and 
Win gc»hoc king creeks. Surface hilly; soil, loam and allu- 
vial bottoms. The v. lies 6 m. N. W. of Philadelphia, and 
maybe considered as one of ils suburbs; it is principally 
built on one street about 3 m. long, and contains numerous 
stores and mechanic sliops. It is connected with Philadel- 
phia by the Germanlown Branch E. K, Germantown is 
noted as the scene of a great Itevolutionary battle, fought 
in October, 1777. The t. has several extensive manufactur- 
ing eslat'lishments, aud'in 1S50 contained 8,504 inhabitant?, 

Gkhmastows, p. v., Sheiby co., Tenn, : on the Memphis 
and Charlestown K. P., 17 m. from Memphis and 132 m. 
"W. S. \Y. NashviUe. Pop. 245. 

Gkr-mantowx, p. v., Fauquier co., Virg. : 72 m. N. N. "W. 
Eichmontl. 

Gkrmantoavn, p. v., Clinton co., III.: S7 m. S. by E. 
Springfield. 

Gersiax Yaxuit, p. 0., Morris county, iT. Jer, ; 53 m. 
N. by E. Trenton. 

Gkbmansvtli-e, p. v., Edgefield dist, S. Car, : on Cloud's 
cr, of Saluda r., 86 m. W. Columbia. 

Gebrardstowx, p. v., Berkeley county, Virg.: 189 m. 
N. by \Y. Eichmond. 

Gerry, t. and p. v., Chautauque county, JV. Y. : 27S m. 
W. by S. Albany. Drained by Cassadaga cr. and its tribu- 
taries. Surface undulating; soil gravelly loam, and well 
cultivated. It has a number of mills on the streams, but 
is essentially agricultural in its industry. Pop. 1,422. 

GKTTYSBUEGn, p. V., Pfcblo CO., Ohlo : 93 m. W. by S. 
Cohunbus. 

GirmsBiJBQn, p. b., and cap. Adams co., Penn, : on the 
heads of Monocacy r., 33 m. S. S. W. Ilarrisburg. It con- 
tains a court-house, jail, etc., has several manufactures, and 
conUiins 2,1S0 inhabitants. The place is supplied with 
water by pipes from a neighboring spring, llere is located 
tiie Theological Seminary of the Lutheran Church. This 
institution was founded in 1S25, and in 1550 had 2 profes- 
sors, 22G alumni, and 20 students; and a library of 9,000 
Tolumes. Four periodicals are published in the borough, 
viz.: the "Adams Sentinel" (whig), the "Star and Banner" 
(whig), and the *' Ecpul>lican Compiler" (dcm.), all weekly, 
issues, and the "Review" (whig), a monthly issue. Gettys- 
burg is a place of considerable trade, and when connected 
with the system of railroads of tlie State will become a very 
important centre. It is surrounded by a fine agricultural 
countr>*. Pop. 2,1S0. 

Ghent, p. v., Carroll co., Kij. : on the S. bank of the 
Ohio r., opposite Vevay, .37 m. N. by W. Frankfort. It is 
a pleasant v., and contains 8 churches, a tob-icco manu- 
factory, 7 stores, and about 400 itiliabitants. 

Ghk.vt, L and p. v.. Columbia co., N, 5'..* 24 m. S. by E. 
Albany. Drained by Claverack cr.. on which are mills. 
Surface broken ; soil gravelly loam. The v. coutiiins about 
800 inhabitants. The Harlem U. II.. and also the Hudson , 
and Berkshiro E. E., pass through the t Pop. 2,293. i 

250 



GnoLSON, p. v., Noxubee county, MI99. : 95 m. E. N. E 
Jackson. 

GnoLsoNviLLE, p. V., Bfunswick co., Virg. : on the N. 
side of Meherin r., 53 m. S. by W. Eichraond. 

Gibuon's Tavern, p. o., Delaware co., Penn.: 81 m. 
E. S. E. Ilarrisburg. 

Gibb's Ceoss Eoads, p. o., Cumberiand co., K. Car. 

GiBBviLLE, p. v., Sheboygan co., M'iac: on the "W. side 
of Onion r., a. branch of Sheboygan r., S9 m. E. N, E. 
Madison. 

GiBEsosviLLE, p. V., IIockiDg CO., Okio : 47 m. S. E. 
Columbus. , 

Gibraltar, p. v., Wayne co., 3fich.: on the W. bank of 
Detroit r, at its entrance into Lake Eric, S4 m. S. E. Lans- 
ing. The harbor is good and has a light-house. The 
Gibraltar and Clinton Canal, termmating here, has never 
been finished, but affords a good head of water for manu- 
facturing purposes. The v. is small and not progressive. 

Gibson county, Ind. Situate S. W., and contains 513 
sq. m. Drained by the Patoka and other streams. The 
"Wabash Hes on its "W. and "White r. on its N. border. Sur- 
face agreeably undulating and generally well timbered ; 
soil, loam and sand, and very productive. Farms 1.220; 
manuf. 23; dwell. 1,833, and pop.~wh. 10,5M, fr. col. 217— 
total 10.771. Capital: Princeton. PuhUc Works: Wa- 
bash and Erie Canal, and Evansville and Illinois R. E. 

GiBsox, t. and p. 0., Susquehannah co., Penn.: 123 m- 
N. N, E. Ilarrisburg. Drained by Tunkhannoc and Lack- 
awannoc creeks. Surface hilly ; soil clay and gravel. It is 
almost wholly agricultural, and contains 1,344 inhabitants, 

Gibson, p. v.. Pike co., OMo: 61 ra. S. Columbus. 

Gibson, p. v., Steuben county, 2i. Y. : 1S4 m. W. by 8, 
Albany. 

Gibson's Wells, p. 0., Gibson county, Tenn. : 123 m. 
W. by 3. Nashville. 

GiBsoNTiLLE, p. T., LiviDgston county, If.Y,: 218 m. 
W. by N. Albany. 

Gidlet's Station, p. 0., Jackson county, Jiltch. ; 86 ra, 
S. by E. Lansing. 

GiLBERTSBORouGU, p. V., Limcstone co., Ala. : 176 m. 
N. by W. Montgomery. 

Gilbert's Mills, p. 0., Oswego county, K Y. : 143 m. 
W. N. W. Albany. 

GiLBER-reviLLE, p. V., Otscgo CO., Nl Y. : on a branch of 
Unadilla r., SI m. W. by S. Albany. 

GiLBOA, t. and p. v., Schoharie co., X. Y. : 3S m. W. S.W. 
Albany. Drained by Schoharie cr. and its branches. Sur- 
face varied— in the W. hilly; soil rich and fertile. The v. is 
located on Schoharie cr., and has several manufactures, 
mills, etc., and about 300 inhabitants. Blenheim is also a 
V. in this town. Pop. 3.024. 

GiLBOA, p. v., Putnam co., Ohio : on the N. side of 
Blanchard's fork of Auglaize r., S7 m. N. W. Columbus. 

GiLBOA, p. o., Louisa co., Virg. : 53 m. N. W. Eichmond. 

GiLCURisT's Bridge, p. o., Marion dist., >& Car: 9S m. 
E. Columbia. 

GiLciraiSTViLLE, p. v., Dauphin co., Penn. 

Gilder, p. v., Greenville dist., S. Car. : 112 m. N. W. 
Columbia. 

Gilead, p. o., Upshur county, Tex. : 243 m. N. E. 
Austin City. 

GiLEAU, t and p. 0., Oxford co.» Me. : 69 m. W. Augusta. 
Drained by Androscoggin r., which runs from W. to E. 
through it. Surface rough and hilly, and except on the 
river, fit only for grazing. Tlie Atlantic and St. Lawrenco 
E. E. traverses the S. bank of the Androscoggin. P. M5!). 

GiLEAH, p. v., Tolland co., Conn. : 16 m. E. S. E. Ilartlord. 

Gilead, p. v., Miami co., Ind- : 89 ra. N. Indianapolis, 

Gilead, p. v., Calhoun co., lU.: on the E. side of the 
Mississi])pi, at the foot of the ElutTs, which are here about 
2 m. b.ick ft-om the river. 71 in. S. W. Springfield. P. 5.V. 

Gilead. t and p. o., Branch co., 3ficli. : 71 m. S. S. W. 
Lansing. Drained by Prairie and Fawa rivers of the St, 



GIL 



GLA 



Joseph's. Surface diversified ; soil fertile and deep mold. 
It is one of the best farming sections of the State. P. 503. 

GiLE.vD, sta., Morrow co,, Ohio: a station on the line of 
the Cleveland, Columbus, and Cincimiati K. R.,4-3 m. from 
Columbus. 

GiLE.vD, p. v., Wood CO., Ohio : on the S. side of Maumee 
river, opposite Providence, lOS m. N. "W. Columbus. 

Giles county, Virg. Situate S. W., and contains 6S4 
eq. m. Drained by Sinking, Big and Little Stony, "Walker's 
and Wolf creeks, branches of New r., a head of Kanawlia, 
and by heads of the James r. It is verj- elevated, bein;^ 
2,000 feet above the ocean. Surface much broken, and 
in parts stony ; soil on the numerous streams very rich. 
It is celebrated for its White and Grey Sulphur Springs. 
The grains are raised liberally, and tobacco and sugar to 
Bome extenL Farm.s 530 ; manuf. ; dwL-U. 919, and pop. — 
wh. 5,S59, fr. col. 54, si. 657— total G,570. Capital : Giles 
Courl-house (Parisburg). 

Giles Codkt-House, p. o.. and cap. Giles co., Jlrff. : in 
the V. of Parisburg, on the letl bank of New river. 1S2 m. 
W. by S. Pichraond. Immediately below the village the 
river passes through a gap of Peter's Mountain, a branch 
of the Great Alleghany Mountains. 

Gilford, t., p. v., and cap. Belknap co., JV. Ilamp. : 26 
m. N. by E. Concord. Drained by Gun-stock and Miies 
rivers, and the heads of Suncook r. Winnipiseogee Lake 
lies on its N. border, and on the S. E. i)art of the t. is Sun- 
cook Mountain. There are seven islantis in the lake be- 
longing to Gilford. The soil is generally prorhictivo and 
well cultivated. In the t. there are many mills and facto- 
ries, chiefly of cotton goods. Pop. 2,425. The Boston, 
Concord, and Montreal R. K. passes through the E. part 
of the town. 

Gilford Village, p. t., Belknap co., N'. ITamp, : at the 
outlet of Winnipiseogee Lake, 25 m. N. by E. Concord. It 
Is a pleasant and thriving village. 

Gill, t. and p. o., Franklin co., 2ra.ts.: 97 m. W. by N. 
Boston. The Connecticut r. forms its E. and S. boundaries, 
and along its banks are extensive meadows. Fall r., on the 
W.. divides the t. from Greenfield. Surface mountainous, 
but generally fertile, and the people are chiefly engaged in 
farming. It has, however, several small manufactories. 
Pop. 754. 

GiLLELAND Creek, p. 0., Travis CO., Te^r. : on a creek of 
Eio Colorado so called, 16 m. E. S. E. Austin City. 

Gillespie county, Tkr. Situate centrally, and contains 
about 2,200 sq. m. Drained by Sandy cr., Pedernales r., and 
Eio Llano, afilucnts to the Colorado, which passes its N. E. 
comer. Surface much diversified — parts hilly and rough, 
but most of it rolling or level ; soil fertile, and well adapted 
to grain anil pasturage. Farms 40; manuf. 7; dwell. 274, 
and pop.— wh. 1,235, fr. col. 0, si. 5— total 2,li40. Capital : 
Fredericksburg. 

GiLLESPiEviLLE, p. V., Eoss counlv, Ohio .' 4d m. S. 
ColuVibus. 

Gill Hall, p. o., Alleghany county, Pejui. : 171 m. W. 
Ilarrisburg. 

GiLLiox's, p. o., Baker county, Ga. : on the E. side of a 
branch of lehawaynochaway cr., 131 m. S.W. Milledgeville. 

GiLi.ioNsviLLE, p. v., Beaufort dist., S. Car. : 120 m. S. 
Columbia, 

Gill's Mills, p. c, Bath co.. Kij. : 73 m. E. Fr-ankfort. 

Gill's Stoee, p. o., Lincoln county, Tenii. : 72 m. S. 
Nashville. 

GiLLsviLLE, p. v.. Hall county, Ga. : on Hudson's Fork of 
Broad r., 93 m. N. N. W. Milledgeville. 

GiLMAN, t. and p. o., Hamilton co., 2r. Y. : 72 m. N. N.W. 
Albany. This is a Ions, narrow township, extending N. 
from Sacandaga r.. nearly 40 m. It has a number of lakes 
and streams, whit-h afford fine water-power. Tlie surface 
Is diversified— in the N. hilly, and most of it is yet a wil- 
derness. Pop. 101. 

GiLiiAKTON, t and p. c, Belknap co., JIT'. ITamp. : 19 m. 



N. by E. Concord. Drained by Suncook and Soueook 
rivers. Surface hilly; soil generally fertile. It is the seat 
of a flourishing academy, to which is attached " Gilinaulon 
Theological Seminary." This seminar)-, founded in 1S35, 
had in 1850 8 professors, 23 students, and 69 had completed 
their educational courses. The Ubrary contams 4,300 vols. 
Pop. oft.3,*2S2. 

GiLMANTOwN Ip.ON-WoRKB, p. V., Belknap county, 2*^. 
/lamp. : on a branch of Suncook river, 17 in. N. ^'. E. 
Concord. 

Gilaier county, Ga. Situate on N. line, and contains 793 
sq. m. Drained by Tocco r., an affluent of Tennessee r., 
and Coosawattee, a head of Alabama r. Surface elevated 
and broken; soil good and well watered. Cotton, com, 
wheat, and tobacco are the staples. Farms 577 ; manuf. 5; 
dwell. 1,396, and i)op.— wh. S,236, fr. col. 4, si. 200— total 
8,440. CapUal: Ellijay. 

Gilmek county, Virg. Situate N. W., and contains G44 
sq. ni. Drained by Little Kanawha r. and its numerous 
affluents. Surface diversiflecf; soils good. Coal and salt 
springs are abundant in this portion of the State, and add 
much to the resources of the inhabitants. The cereals are 
likewise successfully cultivated. Farms 825 ; raanuf. 2 ; 
dwell. 571, and pop.— wh. 3,403, fr. col. 0, si. 72— total 3,475. 
Capital: Glenville. 

GiLMKP., p. v., Lake co., in. : equidistant between Fox 
and Desplaines rivers, ISC m. N. E. Springfield. It standi 
on a fine elevated prah'ie, interspersed with groves of hand- 
some timber. 

GiLMEB. p. o., and cap. Upshar co., 7tw. .• on an upper 
branch of Little Cypress r., 153 ra. N. E. Austin City. 

Gilmer's Store, p. o., Gudford county, ^. Car. : S3 m. 
W. N. W. lialeigh. 

GiLopous, p. v., Eobeson county, I^. Car.: 112 m. S. 
Ealeigh. 

GiLSfM, t. and p. v., Cheshire co., y. ITamp. : 39 m. 
W. S. SV. Concord. Drained by Ashnelot r., which fur- 
nishes water-power. Tbo v. on the N. side of the river has 
considerable manufactures. Pop. of t. 066. 

Ginger Hill, p. c, Washington co., Penn. : 1S7 m. 
W. by S. Ilarrisburg. 

Ginse.vg, p. o., Wyoming county, Virg. : 246 m.W. hj X. 
Eichmond. 

Gin Town, p. v., Irwin county, Ga.: 117 m. S. by W. 
Milledgeville. 

Girard, p. v., Eussell eo., Ala. : on the W. side of Chat- 
tahoochee r., and opposite Columbus, 76 m. E. Montgomery 
A railroad, in continuation of the Muscogee E. E. of Georgia, 
is projected from this point to Mobile. 

GiKARD, t and p. v., Branch co., Mich. : 53 m. S. S. W. 
Lansing. Drained by Hog r. of the St. Joseph's, and there 
are several small lakes in the town. Surface level ; soil rich. 
The village lies centrally on the S. side of the river, and is a 
small agricultural settlement. Pop. oft. 9:>4 

GiRARD, p. v., Burke co., Ga. : 79 m. E. Milledgeville. 

GiRARB, p. v., Trumbull county, Ohio: U3 m. N. E. 
Columbus. 

GiRARD, t. and p. v., Eric county. Penn.: 221 m. N. W. 
Ilarrisburg. Drained by creeks of Lake Erie. Surface 
diversified ; soils fertile. Lake Erie bounds it on the N". 
The v. lies on llie line of the Franklin Canal Con^pany's 
E. E., 15 ni. W. S, W. Erie, and the North Branch C'anal 
crosses the township. Pop. oft. 2.91S. 

Gladdes's Grove, p. o., Fairfield dist., S. Car. : 37 m. N". 
Columbia. 

Glai>e Hill, p. o., Franklin co., Virg. : 146 ra. W. S.W. 
Eichmond. 

Glade Mills, p. o., Butler co., Penn.: 17S m. W. N. W. 
Harrisburg. 

Glade Mikes, p. o.. Hall co., Ga. : 106 m. N. N. W. 
Milledgeville. 

GLADEErN,p.o., Armstrong CO., Penrt. ; 156 m.W. N.W. 
Harrisburg. 

251 



GLA 



GLO 



Glade Spring, p. o., Uarrison co., T&e.: 172 nu N. E. 

Austin City. 

Glades Cross Eoads, p. o., Putnam co., Git. : on u branch 
of LilUe r., 29 m. N. W. Millcdgcvine. 

Glade Speixg, p. o., Washington co., Vlrg. : on a cr. of 
Middle Fort of llolston r., 2-16 m. W. S. W. liichraond. 
The Virginia and Tennessee R. K. will pass this point. 

Gladeville, p. v., Preston co., Virg. : 173 in. N. ^^'. 
Eichraond. 

Gladwin county, ditch. Situate J7. centrally of Lower 
Peninsula, and contains 576 aq. m. Drained by Tittiba- 
wiissee r., an affluent of Saginaw r. Surface level or undu- 
lating ; soil heavily timbered in part ; the rest adapted to 
grass and grain— a good farming region. Set off since the 
year 1S50. 

Gladv Ceeek, p. 0., Bandolph co., Jlrg. : 15S m. N. W. 
Richmond. 

Glasoo, p. v., Clster co., 2^.Y.: on the "W, side of Hudson 
river. 43 m. S. by TV. Albany. Esopus cr. empties itself 3 m. 
to tJie X. It has a good lanQing, and is noted for t\w ex- 
tent of its brick-yards. Pop, about 350, 

Glasgow, p. v., Newcastle co., De!. : on Christian cr., 
32 m. N. by W. Dover. The Newcastle and Frenchtqwn 
K. K. passes through it 11 m. from Newcastle. 

Glasgow, p. v., and cap. Barren county, Xy. ; a short 
distance E. of Beaver Branch of Big Barren r., 97 m. S. W. 
Frankfort. It contains a court-house, jail, etc., and about 
200 inhabitants. The line of the Nashville and Lexington 
R. R., as projected, will pass through the village. 

Glasgow, p. v., Scott co.. III. : 46 m.W. S. W. Springfield. 

Glasgow, p. v., Jefferson county, la. : on a cr. of Big 
C^dar cr., 53 m. S. by W. Iowa City. 

Glasgow, p. v., Howard co., Jfo.i on the leH bank of 
Missouri r., 53 m. N. W. Jefferson City. It is a thriving v., 
and has considerable river trade. Two newspapers, the 
" Howard County Banner," and the " G. Weekly Times," 
are published here. Pop. about 1,G00. 

Glasgow, p. v., Columbiana co., Ohio: 186 m. E. N- E, 
Colnmbus. 

Glassuorough, p. v., Gloucester county, y. Jer. : 43 m. 
6. by W. Trenton. It has several glass-houses and stores, 
and about ISO inhabitants. 

Glass Cbekk, p. o., Barry co., Mich, : 43 m. W. S. "W. 
Lansing. 

GL.^.S9 Village, p. v., Conway co., Ark. : on the V* side 
of Port Remove er., 52 m. N. W. Little Rock. 

Glastenburt, t, and p. v., Hartford co., Co7in.: 8 m. S. 
Hartford. Drained by creeks falling into Connecticut r., 
which makes its E. boundary. Surface rough; soil fertile. 
The V. on Roaring Brook, about 2 m. from Connecticut r., is 
engaged in manufactures. Pup. of t. 3,899. 

Glex, t. and p. o., Montgomery co., K. T. : S6 rn-W. N-W. 
Albany. Drained by Schoharie and other creeks of Mo- 
hawk r.. which latter forms its N. Vwundary. Surface hilly ; 
soil clayey loam. The Erie Canal traverses the Muhuwk 
Valley, on which arc the villages of Fultonville and Auries- 
vUle. Pop. of t. 3.043. 

Glex, p. 0., M'Kean co., Penn, : 144 m. N.W. Harrisburg. 

Glesalta, p. o., Marion county, Ga. : 100 m. W. S. W. 
Milledgeville. From this point streams flow in E., and S., 
and ■^'. directions. '' 

GiJar BnooK, p. o., Hart co., Ivi/. : 81 m. S-W. Frankfort. 

Glenbuks, t. and p. o., Penobscot co., Mc. : 65 m. N. E. 
Augusta. Drained by Kenduskeag stream, which also 
affords water-power. The v. is located on the border? of a 
large pond on tlie E. border of Uie town. Population of 
town, 9 5. 

GtruScoE, p. v., Gallatin county, A> : 43 m. N. by E. 
Frankfort, 

Gi.ENCOE, p. T., Bolivar co., Jfiss. : 112 m. N. N. "W. 
Jackson. 

Glex Cove, p. v., Queens co., y. T. : at the head of Glen 
Ck)ve an arm of Hempstead Harbor, 118 m. S. Albany. It 
252 



is a pleasant village, and is much resorted to in summer by 
the citizens of New York, with which it is connected by 
regular steamboats. 

Glesdale, p. v., Berkshire co., Mast. : on the W. banit 
of the Housatonic r., where it is crossed by the Housatonifl 
R. R., lis m. W. Boston. 

Glen Dale, p. o., Muscatine CO., la. : 88 m. E. &. H 
Iowa City. 

Glentinlas, p. v., Jefferson co., 3fo. : on the right bank 
of Big r. of the Maramec, SS ra. E. S. E. Jefferson City. 

Glenha-M, p. v., Duchess co., Al Y. : on Fishkill cr., about 
8 m. from Hudson r., 73 m. S. Albany. This is a thriving 
village, chiefly engaged in the manufacture of iron, wool, 
etc., and containing about SOO inhabitants. It has immense 
water-power. 

Glen Hope, p. o., Clearfield co., Pen7i. : 102 m. N. TV, 
Harrisburg. 

Glenuore,p. v.. Oneida co., Al Y. 

Glenmork, p. o., Buckingham county, Tirg. ; 61 m, "TC. 
Richmond, 

Glenn Geov^ p. c, Fayette co., Ga.: 88 m. W, N. VH 
Milled geville. 

Glbnn Mills, p. o., Culpepper co., Vlrg. ; 73 m. N. N."W, 
Richmond. 

Glenn's, p. c, Gloucester co., Vtrg. : G9 m.E. Richmond 

Glenn's, p. o., Clark county, la. : 128 m. "W. S. W. 
Iowa City. 

Glenn's Fali5, p. v., "Warren co., N. Y.: on the left 
bank of the Hudson r., 41 m. N. Albany. This is a greaj 
manufacturing v., and contains mills of all descriptions, 
furnaces, tanneries, etc., and about 2,500 inhabitants. Two 
newspapers, the "■G.F.Clarion" (whig), and the ''G, F- 
Republican" (dem.), are Issued weekly. The falls at this 
]tlaee have a total descent of 50 feel, and afford extensive 
water-power, by which a vast amount of machinery is 
moved. A bridge. 500 feet long, crosses the Hudson. The 
feeder of the Champlain Canal affords a navigable commu» 
nication with the canal. 

Glenn Springs, p. v., Spartanburgh dist., S. Car. : on 
Fair Forest cr., 73 m. N. "W. Columbia. 

Glennville, p. v., Barbour co., Ala.: on Cowikce cr. 
of Chattahoochee r., 59 m. E. S. E. Montgomery. 

Glen Rock, p. o., York co., Penn. 

Glenville. t. and p. o., Schenectady co., A'l Y.: 22 nv 
N. W. Albany. Drained by tributaries of Mohawk r., which 
is its S. boundary. Delplass cr. crosses the E. part of the t., 
and falls into the Mohawk. The v. contains about twenty 
(hveiiings. The industry of the t is chiefly devoted to agri*. 
Culture. Pop. 8,409. The Utica and Schenectady R. R., 
and the Saratoga and Schenectady R. R., traverse the Mo- 
hawk Valley through this town. 

Glenville, p. v., Fairfield county, Conn.: 54 m. S. "W. 
Hartford. 

Glenville, p, v., and cap. Gilmer county, Ylrg. : on tha 
S. side of Little Kanawha r., 20S m."W. N. W. Richmoftd. 

Glen "Wald, p. o., SuUivau county. A'. K; SO m. S. S.W, 
Albany. 

Glen WOOD, p. v., Erie co., iV: r:,-248m.W. Albany. 

Gloue, p. o., Caldwell co., K Car.: 169 m. W. by It 
Raleigh, 

Gloue, p. o., Johnson co.. Mo. : 97 m. W. Jefferson City. 

Glottcestee county, K Jer. Situate S. W., and contain! 
2S7sq. m. Drained by Great Egg Harbor r., flowing into 
the Atlantic, Maurice r., flowing into Delaware Bay, and 
aflluents of Delaware r., which lies on the W. Surfaco 
even; soil on the Delaware productive, and under fino 
cultivation, largely sui)plying Philadelphia with fruit and 
vegetables; in the interior sandy, but well womied wirh 
pine limber. Corn, rj'e, and lumber are leading exporti 
Farms 954; manuf. 141 : dwell. 2.600, and pop.— wh. 15,035- 
fr. col. 620— t-.tal 15,C55. Cajntal: "Woodbury. FuhlUi 
Worksi: ^Voodbury Branch R. R. 

Gloucester county, Tirg. Situate S. E. on Chesapeake 



GLO 



GOL 



Bay, and contains 343 sq. m. Drained by aftluents of 
Piankilank and York rivers, octween which it lies, and 
creeks of Mubjack Bay. Surface broken, except on the 
rivers, where the soil is very rieh. Com, wheat, and oata 
are the chief productions ; there is also much good timber. 
Farms 573; manuf 53; dwell. 1,000, and pop.— wh. 4,290, 
fir. col. 6S0, si. 5,557— total 10,527. Oipit^d: Gloucester C. H. 

Gloucester, t. .ind p. v., Providence co., i?. /. ; 14 in. 
W. N. W. Providence. Brained by Cliepachet and Paw- 
tuxet rivers, which have good waler-i)ower. Surface 
Dneven and rough ; soil of average fertility, but best 
adapted to grazing. The t. has considerable manufactures, 
and Chepaehet, on the river so called, is a \illage of some 
celebrity for its productions. Pop. of t. 2,S04. 

GLoircEsTEi:, t., p. v., and port of entry, Essex co.. Jfnss.: 
27 ra. N. by E. Boston. This is a maritime town, occupying 
(he greaUT i>ortion of Cape Aon, tho N. boundary of Massa- 
chusetts Bay, and the inhabitants are chiefly employed in 
navigation, commerce, and the fisheries. It has a fine har- 
bor, open at all seasons, and accessible to vessels of great 
burden. Lat. 42^ 36' 41" N., and long. 7(|0 40'19" W. The 
harbor and principal settlement lies on the f*. side of the 
peninsula. Sandy and Squam bays lie on the N. side, and 
affonl harbors for small vessels. On Thrasher's Island are 
two light-houses. Gloucester has three newspaper?, the " O. 
News" (indep.). and the '' G. Telegraph'' (whig), issued semi- 
weekly, and tlie " Cape Ann Light" (whigl, issued weekly. 
Pop. of I, 7,S05. The statistics of the foreign commerce of 
Ihe district, of which Gloucester is port of entry, for the year 
ending SOfli June, 1S50, are as follows : Clearances, ITT (U,13S 
tons), of which 161 (5,259 tons) were foreign bottoms ; anil en- 
trances. ITS (11,667 tons), of which 159 (S.ISO tons') were for- 
eign. The slijpping owned in the district amounted to 22,474 
Ions, of which 2,S73 tons were registered and engaged in for- 
eign trade ; IS.SSl tons enrolled and licensed, of which 13.9S2 
tons were employed in the cod fishery, and 4,?99 tons in the 
mackerel fisliery; and 720 tons licensed imder 20 t*ins. of 
which O's Ions were employed in coasting and tl-Vj tons in Ihe 
cod fii^heries; and the shipping buUt during the year was 
26 schoimers, of an aggregate burden of l,91'6 ions. 

Gi-ofciKTER City, p. v., Camden co., ^V. Jtv: : 3') m. S.W. 
Trenlnn. 

GtorosTKK Court-house, p. v., and cap. Gloucester co., 
Tirg. : at the head of an arm of Mobjack Bay, 57 m. 
E. S. E. liichniond. It contains a court-house, jail, etc., 2 
academies, and .nbout 2 '0 inlKiI)itants. Many wealttiy peo- 
ple reside here, and the neighborhood is one of the richest 
in Virginia. 

Gloucester Fit.nacb, p. v., Atlantic co., X. Jer. : on a cr. 
of Little Egg Harbor r.. 46 m. S. E. Trenton. It has, be- 
sides the works from which ills named, several mills, etc., 
and about 4(io inhabitants. 

Glovkr, t. and p. o.. Orleans co., Veryn. : 35 m. N. N. E. 
Montpelier. Drained by head branches of Black and Bar- 
ton's ri\ ers, flowing N. ; of Passumsic r., flowing E., and of 
Lamoille r.. flowing W. lilies on an elevated watershed. 
Surfacf hilly, and soil indifferent. Ilusbrmdry and agricul- 
ture are the chief occupations of the inhabilanls. Pop. 1,137. 

Glovf-svilt.k, p. v., Fulton co.. A'. }'. ; 42 m. N. W. 
Albany. It contains extensive manufactures of Iniekskin 
gloves, niittens, moccasins, etc., and hence its appellativo. 
Population about 400. 

Glymont, p. v.. Charles co.. ^fd. : on the Potomac r.. 8 ra. 
below Fort Washington, and 48 m. S. W. Annapolis. 

Glymi'uville, p. V. Newberry dist.. S. Car. : 47 m.N.W. 
C dumbia. 

Glynx county, Ga. Situate S. E. on the .Atl.tnlic. and 
contains 3S9 sq. m. Drained by Turtle r.. Santilla r.. which 
bounds it S., and aflluents of Alatamaha r., which bounds it 
N. St. Simon's and Jykill islands belong to it. Surface 
low and level ; sod fertile, and bears the best of cotton an'l 
rice. The islands produce the Sea Island cotton, so much 
valued, and the marshes an immense amount of rice. Farms 



92; manuf. S; dwell. 145, and pop.— wh. G93, fr. col. 3, si. 
4,232 — total 4,933. Ci'pital : Brunswick. 

GxADENmjTTEN, p. V., Tuscarawas co., Ohio : on the E. 
bank of Tuscarawas r., S5 m. E. N. E. Columbus. Th-j 
Central Ohio R. P. will pass through the village. It was 
originally settled by the United Brethren, and contaius a 
Moravian Church, several stores and mills, au'l about 260 
Inhabitants. 

Goat (or Ikis) island, A^ Y. : lies in the Niagara r. .it the 
Great Falls, the waters of whicli divide as they descend 
over the ledge into the abyss below. This island is ap- 
proached from the American side by a bridge. Its extent 
is about 65 acres, and its periphery about a mile. It is still 
well timbered. The lower end of the island is a perpen- 
dicular bank of from SO to I'lO feet; thence to tlie water's 
edge, below the Falls, a sloping descent of about loo feet 
more. From points on this part of Ihe island, both the 
Falls are seen to advantage. Here has been erected a tow- 
er called Prospect Tower, with an observatoiw on the top, 
and a stair-case near by to descend lu the water's edge. 

GoDBOLD, p. o., Washita county, ArA:: SS m. S. S. W. 
Little Eock. 

GoDDAED, p. v., Bush couuty, InJ. : 43 m. E. S. E. 
Indianapolis. 

Goi'FKT, p. 0., Madison county. Hi. : 71 ni. S. S, W. 
Springfield. 

Goff's Corners, p. o., Cumberland co., Jfe.: 33 m. S.W. 
Augusta. 

Goff's Falls, sla., Ilillsboro' co., A'i Ifmnp. : on llic 
Merrimac r. at the falls so called, 22 ra. 8. Concord. The 
Concord R. P. crosses the river at this point. 

Goff's Mills, p. o., Steuben co., A'. Y. : 192 in. W. by S. 
A 11) any. 

Goffstown, t. and p. v., Ilillsborough co., y. Hump. : 
14 ra. S. Concord. Brained by Piaeataqiioag r. and a trib- 
utary of }.[errimac r., which alTi,ird water-power. Tlie Mer- 
rimac runs along its E. border. Surface generally level, 
but diversified; soil fertile and well cultivated. Amoskeag 
Falls of the Merrimac are opposite this t. and have a deseent 
of 4S feet in half a mile, around which is a canal. The t. 
lias considerable manufactures, several villages, and 2.276 
iidiabitauL^. The New Hampshire Central P. P. crosses it 
in an E. and W. direction. 

GtiFFSTOws Centf.e, p. V., Ilillsborough co,. K. Hiiinp.: 
on tlic [Mscafaquoag r., and on the line of the New Hamp- 
shire Central P. P., 5 m. from Manchester, and 15 m. S. 
Concord. 

Goc.r.rN'sriLLE, p. v., Franklin co., Ylvg. : 134 m.W. S.W. 
Pichmond. 

GoLANSViLLE. p. v.. Caroline co., Yirrj. : 26 ni. N. Pich- 
mond. It has several mills and mechanic sliops. and about 
l."JO intiabitants. In the vicinity there are several mineral 
springs. 

GoLcoxDA. p. v., and cap. Pope co., 7??. : at the entrance 
of Lusk's cr. into Ohio r., 177 m. S. S. E. SpringfleM. It 
contains a brick court-house, etc., several stitrcs, and about 
3)0 inhabitants. 

. Golden Grove, p. o., Greenville dist.. S. C'ti: : on the 
E. side of Saluda r., 103 ni. W. N. "W. Columbia, or by the 
route of the Greenville and Columbia P. P-, which passes 
through it, 130 ra. from Columbia. 

Golden Hill, p. o., Dorchester co., M'.l. : 43 m. S. E. 
Annapolis. 

Golden Hill. p. o.. Wyoming co., Penn. : 97 m. N. N. E. 
Ilarrisburg. 

Golden Hill, p. o.. Chambers co., Ala. : 53 m. E. N. E. 
Montgomery. 

Golden Lake, p. o., Waukesha co., Wise: 56 ni, 
Madison. 

Golden Pond, p. o., Trigg co., K>/. : 197 ra. W 
Frankfort. 

^oldf.n's BitiDGB, p. v., 'Westchester co., A^ )'..■ 98 _m. 
S. by E. Albany. 

25S 



E. 



. W. 



GOL 



GOR 



Golden Speings, p. o., Anderson (list., 5. Car.: on the 
"W. side of Saluda r., 2 m. above Golden Grove, and 105 m. 
W. N. W. Columbia. 

Golden Valley, p. c, Rutherford co., K. Car.: 216 m. 
W. S. W. Raleigh. 

Gold Hill, p. o., Meriwether county, Ga.: 94 m. "W. 
Milled penile. 
Gold Hill, p. o., Rowan CO., K Car. : 100 m. W. Raleigh. 
Gold Mine, p. o., Marion co., Ala.: 153 m. N. W. 
Montgomery. 

Gold Mine, p. c, Chesterfield dist., S. Car, : on the E. 
side of Lynch's cr., 62 E. N. E. Columbia. 

Gold Region, p. o., Moore co., N. Car.; 53 m. 6. W. 
Raleigh. 

GoLDSBOEorGH, p. V., "Waync co., N. Car. : on the N. 
side, ftntl about 2 m. from Neuse r., 51 m. S. E, Raleigh. It 
is a considerable v., with a good trade, and has two peri- 
odicals, the "North Carolina Telegraph" (whig), and the 
" Patriot" (dem.), both weekly issues. It is an important 
station on the line of the 'Wilmington and "Weldon R. R.; 
also the E. initial point of the North Carolina R. R. ; and 
a railroad hence is projected to Newbem, one of the best 
ports of the State. Pop. about 700. 

Goldsville, p. v., Cherokee co., Ga. : US m. N. W. 
Milledgeville. 

Goldsville, p. v., Tallapoosa co., Ala.: 49 m. N. E. 
Montgomerj'. 

Goliad county, Ter. Situate S. E. centrally, and con- 
tains about 1,S00 sq. m. Intersected by San Antonio r., and 
drained by its many brancht-?, with the heads of Mission 
and Aransas rivers and affluents of the Guadaloupe. Surface 
moderately elevated, and gently undulating. Soil generally 
very good, and adapted to cotton growing. Some sugar 
maybe raised, too. Farms 30; manuf. 0; dwell. 8S, and 
pop.— wh. 435, fr. col. 0, si. 213— total C4S. Capital: 
Goliad. 

Goliad, p. v. and cap., Goliad co., r«r. : on a high rocky 
bluff on the S. bank of San Antonio r., 123 m. S. by E. 
Austin City. It is one of the oldest towns in Texas, dating 
from 171G, and was formerly a place of great importance, 
and, as its name implies, a plac^ of sirenfjth. Its fortifica- 
tions were immense and considered by the Spaniards as 
impregnable, and are still in existence, though decayed, as 
are also most of the old buildings, which were of stone. 
On the opposite side of the river was an ancient mission. 
Goliad is now recovering from its demolished condition, and 
is again a flourishing place with considerable trade and 
general business. 

Gonic, p. v., Strafford co., K Harrfp. : on the E. side of 
Coeheco r., 28 m. E. Concord. It is a v. of considerable 
manufactures. The Coeheco R. R. passes through it, S m. 
from Dover. 

Gonzales county. Tea:. Situate S. E. of centre, and con- 
tains 1,227 sq. m. Intersected by Guadalupe r., and drained 
by San Marcos r. and Peach and Sandy crs., its atlliieuts. 
Surface a rolling prairie in S. — in the N. more broken. Soil 
sandy loam, covered with a rich vegetable deposit, and 
adapted to cotton, grain, or grazing. Salt-springs are found 
on Salt fork of Sandy cr. Eiirnis 123 ; manuf. ; dwell. ISS, 
and pop.— wh. 891, fr. col. 0, 8l. 601- total 1,492. Capital: 
Gonzales. 

Gonzales, p. o., and cap. Gonzales co., Tkc. .* on the N. 
or left bank of Rio Guadalupe r.,G2m. S. S.E.Austin City. 
It is the centre of an extensive trade. 

Goochland county, Virg. Situate E. centrally, and con- 
tains 273 sq. m. Drained by several affluents of the James r., 
which forms its S. boundary. Surface in the S. rolling; 
elsewhere broken, affording many eligible mill sites. Soils 
Tarious, and mostly long cultivated, tliongh highly produc- 
tive. Tobacco is the great agricultural staple, and coal is 
abundant, and the mines much worked. Gold has also 
been found in considerable quantities. Farms 405 ; manuf. 
49; dwell. 876, and pop.— wh. 8,954, fr. col. C53, si. 5,S45— 
254 



total, 10,852. Capital: Goochland C. H. Fttllic Works: 
James River Canal. 

GoocaLAXD C. H., p. v., and cap. Goochland co., Vlrg.t 
on the N. side of James r., and on the hue of the canal, 
25 m. W. N. W. Richmond. It contains a court-house, jail, 
and about 40 dwellings. 

Goocu's Mills, p. o., Cooper co.. Mo. : on Little Saline en 
of Missouri r., 34 m. N. "W. Jefferson City. 

Goodall's, p. o., Hanover co., Virg. : 15 m. N. Richmond. 

Good Field, p. v., Meigs co., Teiiru: 114 m. E. S. E. 
Nashville. 

Good Ground, p. v., Suffolk co., IT. T.: 12S m. S. K. 
Albany — a v. of some 8 or 10 dwellings, situate in tlie t. of 
Southampton. 

Good IIope, p. v., Milwaukie co., 7n«c. .* on the "W. side 
of Milwaukie r., 75 m. E. by N. Madison. 

Good Hope, p. o., Cumberland co., Penn. 

Good Hope, p. o,, Walton county, Ga. : on a cr. of 
Appalachee r., 55 m. N. N. W. Milledgeville. 

Gooding's Geove, p. o., Will co., III.: 188 m. N. E. 
Springfield. 

Good Intent, p. o., "Washington county, Penn. : 182 m, 
W. by S. Ilarrisburg. 

Good Llxk, p. o., Prince George's co., Md.: on the E. 
side of the W. branch of Patuxent r., 26 miles S. W. 
Annapolis. 

Goodrich, p. v., Genesee co., Mich. : 49 m. E. N. E. 
Lansing. 

Good's pREcnfcT, p. o., Clark co., K>j.: 44 m. E. S. E. 
Frankfort. 

Good Spring, p. o., Williamson co., Tenn.: 11 m. S, 
Nashville. 

Good Springs, p. o., Mead co., Jy..* 76 m. W. by S. 
Frankfort. 

Good Spur, p. o., Carroll co., Virff.: 188 m. W. 8. W. 
Richmond. 

GooDviLLE, p. v., Lancaster co., Penn^ 

Goodwateb, p. o., Coosa county, Ala.: S3 m. N. by E. 
MontgoMcry. 

Goodwin's Mills, p. o., York county. Me.: 74 m. 8. W. 
Augusta. 

Good WINS viLLE, p. v., Dinwlddie county, Ttrg. : 42 ox. 
S. by W. Richmond. 

Goose Creek, p. o., Ritchie co., Virg.: 226 m. N. W. 
Richmond. 

Goose Creek, Virg. : a branch of Roanoke r. It has Its 
rise in the Clue Ridge, 5 m. S. W. of the Peeks of Otter, 
and after a course of more than 40 m. enters the Roanoke 
in the S. W. part of Campbell county. 

Goose Pond, p. o., Oglethorpe co., Ga. : on a branch of 
Long cr. of Broad r., 69 m. N. N. E. Milledgeville. 

Goose River, p. o., Waldo co., Me. : 37 m. E. Augusta. 

Gordo, p. o., Pickens county, Ala. : 124 m N. W. 
Montgomery. 

Gordon county, Ga. Situate N. W., and contains 303 
sq. m. Drained by Coosawattee r. and other head streams 
of the Coosa r. Surface broken and cut up into many 
beautiful and fertile valleys. This is in the iron region, and 
possesses much undeveloped mineral wealth. Farms 419; 
manuf. ; dwell. 861, and pop.— wh. 5.156, fr. col. 0, si. 828 
—total 5,9S 1. Capital : Calhoun. FuUic Works : Atlantic 
and Western R. R. 

Gordon, p. v., Wilkinson county, Ga.: 17'm.8. byW.- 
Jlilledgevillo. The Milledgeville and Gordon R. R. di- 
verges at this point from the Central TJeorgia R. R., 170 ra. 
from Savaimah. 

Gordon's Springs, p. v.. Walker co., Ga. : 179 m. N. W. 
Milledgeville. 

Gordonsville, p. v.. Smith co., Tenn. : on the W. bank 
of Canoy fork of Cumberland r., 49 m. E. Nashville. 

Gord()NSville, p. v., Logan county, Ky. : 162 m. S. W. 
Frankfort 
Goedonsville, p. v., Orange co., Tirg. : at the E. base of 



Gon 



«ov 



Southwest Mountain, and at the heads of North Anna r., 56 
m. N. W. liichmoud. AVifhin the last few years it has risen 
from tlie condition of a wayside store to that of a consider- 
able vilUigf, and is destined to become an important com- 
mercial depot. The Central Virginia K. K. passes through 
It, and is here joined by the Orange and Alexandria E. E., 
completed in 1S52. 

GoRDONSTiLLE, p. v.,^Lancasler co., renn. : 49 m. E. S. E. 
Harrisburg. 

GoRDONTON, p. v., Picrsou CO., 21. Car. : 51 ni. N. "W. 
Ealcigh. 

GoRiLiM, t. and p. v., Cumberland co., Jfe.: 59 m. S. W. 
Augusta. Drained by Presumpscut r., which forms its E. 
border. Surface diversified; soil excellent and well cuIU- 
Tated. The v. lies on the York and Cumberland K. R., 10 m. 
from Portland. The t. has a well-endowed academy and 
contains numerous mills and mechanic shops. Pop. 3,03S. 

GoEUAii, t. and p. o., Coos co., y. Ilajup. : 81 m. N. by E. 
Concord. Drained by Peabody r. and other tributaries of 
the Androscoggin. Surface rough nud broken — the S. be- 
ing occupied by the "White Mountains; soil indifferent and 
population sparse. The Atlantic and St. Lawrence K. K. 
passes through it, following the valley. Pop. 224. 

GoRHAii, t. and p. v., Ontario co., ill Y. : 173 m. W. by N. 
Albany. Drained by Flint cr. and creeks of Canandaigua 
Lake, which forms its TV. boundary. Surface gently undu- 
lating; soil fertile and well ciUlivated. The v. is located on 
the E. side of Flint cr. ; and there are other villages, as 
Eushville, Gorham Centre, etc., in the town. Pop. 2,645. 

GoBHAM, t. and p. o., Fulton co., Ohio.: 13G ra. N. W. 
Columbus. Drained by Tiffin r. and its branches. Surface 
uneven ; soil fertile and productive. Pop. 906. 

Goshen, p. o., Cherokee co., Ala.: 133 m. N. N. E. 
Montgomery. 

Goshe:^, t. and p. o., Addison co., Verm.: 80 m. S. "W. 
Montpelier. Drained by creeks of Great Trout Pond and 
Otter r. Surface mountainous; soil ordinar}'. but adapted 
to grasses. Iron ore and oxyde of magnesia abundant. 
Pop. -tS6. 

Goshen, t. and p. o., Litchfield co., Conn. : 34 ra. AV. by N. 
Hartn^rd. Drained by affluents of Ilousatonic and Nau- 
gatuek rivers, which rise in this t. from several small ponds. 
Surface elevated and moderatfly uneven; soil excellent for 
grasses. It produces fine dairies, and lias several manu- 
factures. Pop. 1,457. 

GosuEx, p. v., Lincoln, county, Ga.: 74 m. N. E. 
Milledgeville. 

GosuEx, p. v., and cap. Elkhart co., Ind. : on the E. 
side of Elkhart r., 126 m. N. by E. Indianapolis. It is a 
thriving v., and contains commodious county buildings, 
several halls for societies, large flouring and saw mills, nu- 
merous stores, about 200 dwellings, and 1,200 inhabitants. 
It is well situate for a commercial dep6l, and is connected 
by a branch with the Michigan, Southern, and Northern 
Indiana K. II. ; and a railroad is now in progress from In- 
dianapolis via Peru to this point. The "G. Democrat" 
(dem.) is published weekly. Pop. 7P0. 

GosHEX, t. and p. v., Hampshire county, Jfass. : 92 m. 
W. by N. Boston. Drained by heads of rivers falling into 
the Connecticut. Surface motmtainous; soils iudilferent, 
except for grasses. Lead, tin, emeralds, etc., arc fouud. 
The V. lies near the centre. Pop. 5i2. 

Gosurx, t. and p. v., Sullivan co.. A'! ITamp.: 31 m. 
"W. by N. Concord. Drained by branches of Logan r. of 
the Connecticut. Surface varies ; soil well adapted for cul- 
tivation. Sunapee Mountain lies in its S. E. part. The v. is 
located centrally. Pop. of t 659. 

GosHEK, p. v., Cape May co., K. Jer. : on Goshen cr. 8 
'tn. up from Delaware Bay, 73 m. S. Trenton. 

GosuEN-, t.. p. v., and one (tf the cap. Orange co,. K. Y. : 
S4 m. S. S. W. Albany. Drained by Wallkill cr. and other 
streams. Surface diversified— in some parts hilly; soil, rich 
Iu;.in, ovcrtying ^late and limestone, and which produces 



excellent grass. The t. and neighborhood is noted for the 
superior quality of its milk and butter, which are daily car- 
ritd into New York by railroad. The v. is located on n 
plain, and contains a court-house and olher county build- 
ings, situate on an elegant square, in which is a monument 
commemorative of those who fell in one of the battles of 
the Kevulution, large hotels, extensive stores, and many of 
its dwelHusa are neat afid tastefully built. It is a place of 
considerable business, and has about 1,200 inhabitants. The 
Eric 11. E. passes through it, 45 m. from Piermont. Goshen 
has two semi-weekly newspapers, the "Banner of Liberty'* 
and '* Signs uf the Times ;" two weeklies, the " Independ- 
ent Republican'' (dem.) and " Democrat and "Whig" (whig), 
and "Separate America" (abol.), the latter published quar- 
terly. Pop, of t, 3450. 

GosnEN, t. and p. v., Clermont co., Ohio: 82 m. S. W. 
Columbus. Drained by affluents of Little Miami r., and 
possessed of a fine soil. The v. contains numerous mills, 
mechanic sbops, and about 700 inhabitants. The Cincin- 
nati, Ilillsboro', and Parkersburg E. E. passes through tho 
t. and v., 32 m. from Cincinnati. Pop. oft. 1,397. 

Goshen, p. v., Oldham county, Ky. : 3S m. "W. N. W. 
Frankfort. 

GosnF.N, p. v., Lancaster county, Pemi.: 53 m. E. S. K 
Ilarrisbiirg. 

GosuEN ITiLL, p. v., Union dist., S. Car. : between En- 
noree and Tiger rivers, 51 ra. N. "W. Columbia. 

GosHEN Hill, v., Chesterfield dist., S. Car.: on Thomp- 
son's cr. of Great Pee Dee r., 82 ra. N. E. Columbia. 

Goshen Peaieie, p. o., Mercer co., Mo. : 147 m. N. W. 
Jefferson City. 

GosuENviLLE, p. T., Chester co., Penn. : C9 m. E. S. E. 
Harrisburg. 

GospoET, p. v., Clark county, Ala. : on the "W". side of 
Alabama r., 93 m. S. W. Montgomery. 

GosPOKT, p. v., Owen co., Jnd. : on the right bank of tho 
W. fork of White r., 37 m. S. W. Indianapolis. It contains 
several warehouses, stores, and mechanic shops, and about 
GitO inhabitants. It is an important location, and is inter- 
sected by two lines of railroad — the New Albany and Salem 
E. E. and the Evansville, Vincenucs, and Indiana E. E. 
It was founded in ISIS by E. Goss, from whom it is named, 
and in 1S40 had less than SO Inhabitants — its growth to its 
present prosperous condition is owing chiefly to its railroad 
connections. The river here affords good mill sites, and 
is navigable for steamers. 

Gott'3 Cross Eoads, p. o., Sullivan co., Tenn,: 252 m. 
E. by N. NashvUle. 

GocLDSBOKOPon, t. and p. v., Hancock co., JA'. ; S6 m. 
E. Augusta. It occupies a large peninsula jutting into tho 
Atlantic, between Gould sborough Harbor and Frenchman's 
Bay. Prospect Harbor, on the S. E., is easy of access and 
spacious; it has also olher good harbors wliich afford it 
great facilities for navigation. The principal v. lies at tho 
head of Gouldsborough Bay, on the "W. side. The t. has 
some few manufactures, but its inhabitants are chiefly en- 
gaged in navigation and the fisheries. Pop. 1,399, 

GouitDviNE, p. v., Union co., -V. Car. : 113 m. "W. S. W. 
Ealeigh. 

GouvEnNT:trR, t. and p. o., St. Lawrence co., JV F. ; 154 
m. N. "W". Albany. Drained by Oswegatchio r. and its 
creeks. Surface generally level; soil various. The v. ia 
located on the Oswegatchio. and contains about 300 inhab- 
itants. The 'Watertown and Potsdam E. E. will intersect 
this t Pop. of t. 2,TS3. 

GovANSTowN, p. v., BalUmoro county, 2rd, : 26 m. N, 
Annapolis. 

Goteenoe's Bbidge, p. o., Anne Arundel co., M(J. 

Goteunor's island, jVI Y.: an important island at tho 
confluence of Hudson and East rivers, in New York Harbor, 
and which commands its entrance. It is str»)ngly forlifled. 
Castle William, Fort Columbus, and South Battery, are the 
names of the fortifications. 

255 



GOV 



GRA 



Governor's Island, p, o., Macon co., X. Car. : 27 m. 
. W. by S. Kalcigh. 

GowANDA, p. v., Cattaraugus co., 2r. T. : 222 m. W. byS. 
Albany. 

GowDEYSviLLE, p. V., Union (list., 5. Car. : 73 m. N. W. 
Columbia. 

GowEs'8 Feekt, p. o., Cedar cOj. la. : 23 m. E. by N. 
Iowa City. 

G0WKN6V11.LE, p. v., Greenville disL, S. Car. : 97 m. 
N. W. Columbia. 

GitArKUAM. p. v., Frederick co., Jfd: on the W. side of 
Monocaoy r., 02 m. W. N. W. Annapolis. 

Gradytille, p. v., Adair co., Kt/.: 76 m. S. S. W. 
Frankfort. 

Gkafensuero, p. v., Adams co., Pemi. : 49 m. S. S. "W. 
Uarrisburg. 

Geafton coiinty, JV: JTamp. Situate W., and contains 
1.437 sq. m. Drained by Ammonoosuck r. and other afflu- 
enls of Connecticut r., its W. boundary, and the he.id waters 
of Merrimac and Kaco rivers. Surface elevated and tough, 
with good mill streams; soil generally good, and mlnplcd 
lo grass or grain. Squam Lake, on its E. border, and New- 
found Lake within it, are fine bodies of water and very 
attractive to strangers. "Wool growing is succe-=~'*ful and 
general. Farms 5,003 ; manuf. 424 ; dwell. 7,S9S, and pop, 
— wh. 42,310, fr. col. 27— total 42.348. CapiUil: Haverhill. 
Piihlic Works : Northern (X. H.) K E. ; Boston, Concord, 
and Montreal E. E. 

Gkaftox, p. v., Jersey co., III. : on the E. side of Mis- 
^sissippi r., 2 m. below the. confluence of the Illinois, 71 m. 
S. W. Sprhi^tield. It is situate on an elevated slope of 
land under the bluffs, and has a good steamboat landing. 
Pop. about 1,200. 

Grafton, t. and p. v., "Worcester co., Jla^s.: 7 m. E. 
"Worcester, 35 m. "W. S. "W. Boston. Drained by Biack- 
stone r. and its tributaries, which afford excellent water- 
power. Surface varied; soil exccUent. The principal v.. 
is located centrally, and there are others, a.s Famumville on 
the S. and New Englan-l Tillage on the N. of it. The 
Boston and Worcester E. E. traverses the N. part nf the t., the 
Grafltui station being 3S m. from Boston, and here diverges 
the Branch E. E. to Milbury on the Worcester an<l Provi- 
dence E. li. ; and the Blackstone Canal passes through tlic 
S. W. comer. The I. has large raanuftictures, and 3,010 
Inhabitants. 

Gbaftox. L and p. o., Grafton co., A'l Uamp. : 35 ni. N.W. 
Concord. Drained by Smith's r. of the Merrimac. which 
rises in several small ponds in this t. Surface hilly: soil 
rocky, but there is some good Ian''. Glass Mountiun, 150 
feet perpendicular heiglit, furnishes mic^. or isinglass, an 
article of export. There are numerous mills on the streams, 
and the inhabitants number 1,322. Tl'O Northern New 
Uampshire E. E. passes through the t., 44 m. by route from 
Concord. 

Gkafton, L and p. o., Renssalner co., K. Y.: Ifi m. X. E. 
Albany. Drained by Foestenkill and other smaller creeks. 
Surface hilly and well timbered; soil, clay loam. There 
arc Ptvcral mills in the t,, and a pop. of 2.197 souls. 

Gr.At-roN. p. v., Lorain co., OJdo : on the E. branch of 
Black r., 103 m. N. N. E. Columbus. At this point the 
Cleveland, Norwalk, and Toledo E. E. diverges from the 
Cleveland, Columbus, and Cincinnati E. E., 25 m. fl-om 
Cleveland. 

Graftox, t and p. v.. Windham co., Venn. : 77 m. S. 
MoutpeUer. Drained by Saxton*s and William's rivers. 
Sorfacc nneven ; soil generally fertile. The v. lies on the 
N. side of "Saxton's r. The t. has some manufactures, and 
exports soapstone, which is abundant and of fine quality, 

Gbafton. p. v., Monroe co., Mich. : 79 ra. S. E. Lnnsing. 

Gi'.AFTf.N, p. v.. Wtishinston co.. Wi/tc. : on the W. side 
of Milwnnkie r., 70 m. E. N. E. Madison. 

Gr.AitAM. p. o., -TfiTcraon co., Inff. : on Graham's fork of 
MuscacUituck r. GO m. S. E. Indianapolis. 
256 



Graham, p. v., and cap. Allamance co.. A' Car. : abont 
4 m. W. of Haw r. and 57 m. W. N. W. Ealeigh. The 
North Carolina U.' E. passes ihc village. It contains a 
court-house, jail, etc., and about 300 inhabitants. 

Gkaiiam'3 Station, p. 0., Meigs co., Ohio: 84 ro. S. E. 
Columbus. 

Ghauam's Turn Oct, p. o., Barnwell dist,, .?. Car.: on 
the line of the South Carolina E. E., 81 ra. from Charleston 
and M m. P. S. W. Columbia. 

Grauasisville, p. v., Sullivan co., Al Y.: GS m. S. W 
Albany. 

Grahamton, p. v., Clearfield co., Penn, : lOS m.W. N.W. 
Harrisburg. 

Guauamville, p. v., York county, Penn.: 32 m. S. E. 
Harrisburg. 

Graramviltj:, p. v., Beaufort dist, *S1 Car.: 116 m. S. 
Columbia. 

Grampion Hills, p. o., Clearfield co., Penn.: 97 m. 
W. N. W. Harrisburg. 

Granby, t. and p. o., Essex co., Verm. : 4S m. E. N. E. 
Montpelier. Drained by the heads of Paul's stream and of 
Moose r. Surface elevated, forming a watershed. It is an 
inhospitable country and thinly inhabited. Pop^ al)out 200. 

Geasbt, t. and p. o., Hartford co.. Conn. : 16 m. N. N.W. 
Hartford. Drained by Iributaries of Farmfngton r. Sur- 
face hilly and rough— Barn Door Hills rise 400 or 500 feet 
high ; soil generally stubborn, but there is considerable 
good farming lands. The t. has several pleasant villages 
and considerable manufactures. Pop. 2.493. This t. was 
taken from Siffisbury in 17?G. and contains the famous Sima- 
bury copper mines — the Old State Prison of Connecticut. 
This odious place, unfit for the residence of the worst of 
criminals, is a pit or cavern more than 50 feel deep, dark, 
damp, and dismal, and in this infernal region the State 
convicts were immin"ed; as such it was used for a period 
of 40 years, to the no small disgrace of our Puritan friends 
of the East. 

GRAi-RT, t. and p. v„ Hampshire county, .Vass. ; 76 m. 
W. by S. Boston. Drained by creeks of Connecticut r. 
Surface in tlie N. hilly — Mt. Holyoke range bounding the- 
t. in that direction, and in the S. diversified, wilh a fine 
soil. The mountainous parts are well wooded. It produces 
much garden stuff, which finds a market in Chicopic and 
Springfield; and it has several woolen factories, mills, etc. 
Pop. 1,03?. 

Grand Blano, t, and p. v., Genesee co., Mich. : 44 m. 
E. N. E. Lansing. Drained by Thread cr. of Flint r. antl its 
aflluents. Surface hilly; soil, deep black mold, well wood- 
ed and fertile. The v. lies on the left bank of the r., and 
is a considerable place. 

Grand Bluff, p. o., Panola co., Tt-x.: 272 m. N. E. 
Austin City. 

Grand Cant:, p. 0., Do Soto par.. La. : on a cr. of 
Sabine r. so called, 192 m, N. W. Baton Eouge. 

Grand Cane, p. 0., Liberty county, Tex.: 196 m. E. 
Austin City. 

Grand Coteau, p. v.. St. Landry par.. La.: on the W. 
of Vermillion r., 55 m. W. Baton Eouge. Here is St. Charles 
College, a Eoman Calhohc institution, founded 1S3S; in 
1&50 it had 21 professors and l03 students. Its library 
contains 4,000 volumes. 

Grand C6te PRAiRfE, p. o., Perry co.. III.: on the 
prairie so called. 113 m. S. Springfield. 

Grand Detocr, p. o., Ogle co., lU.: on a peninsula 
forme<l by a great bond of Eock r., 142 m. N. Springfield. 
It Is a flourishing v., wilh considcralHe manufactures and a 
good trade. Pop. about COO. 

Grand Ecore, p. 0., Natchitoches par.. La. : on the S.W. 
side of Eed r., at the entrance of Old r., 144 m. N. W. 
Baton Eouge. 

Grand Falls, p. o., Newton co., 3lo. : on the N. side of 
Ndi-hah r., at the fall*. 174 m. S. W. Ji-fferson City. 

Grand Gulf, p. v., Claiborne co.. Miss. : on the E. book 



GRA 



GRA 



of Mississippi r., 55 ra. W. S. Vf. Jackson. Tlie river, by a 
remarkable bend here, forma what is denominated llie 
Grand Gulf. It contains a town-liall, hospital, market- 
house, ibeatre, etc., and ba3 several manufacturing estab- 
lishments and mechanic shops, numerous stores, and a pop- 
ulation of about 1,200. It enjoys a considerable Irade in 
cotton, and supplies a wide neighborhood with provisions 
and miTehandise. 
Grank IIavi:n, p. v., and cap. Ottawa co., 3fic?i. : on the 

5. bank of Grand r., near its entrance into Lake Michigan. 
This is one of the best harbors on tlie W. side of the penin- 
sula, and is a point made by steamers passing down the 
lake, and steamboats piy on the river as far as Grand 
Eapids. Thero is never less than 12 feet water on the bar, 
and opposite the harbor the depth ^■aries from 15 to 30 feet, 
with a width of 65 rods. A light-house is erected at ita 
mouth. The v. contains a court-house, etc., spacious ware- 
houses, several steam saw and other mills, numerous stores, 
and is in a highly flourishing condition. In point of nat- 
ural advantages, it has an excellent location ; it is elevated 
25 or 80 feet above the river, and is very healthy. Popula- 
tion about 900. 

Grand Islant>, p. o., Erie co., Jv'. Y. : 264 m. "VV. by N. 
Albany. Grand Island forms a part of Tonawanda t and 
Is situate in Niagara r., equidistant between Black Rock 
and Niagara Falls. It is 9 m. long, and in its broadest part 
6 m. wide, with an area of 1T,3S1 acres. The land is level, 
well timbered, and very fertile. The river is deep, close in 
shore, and affords access to any part of the island. The v. 
of Whitehaven, at which the p. o. is kept, is located on its 
E. bank. This island was selected by M. M. Noah, on 
which to build a city and establish a colony of Jews, with 
the view of making it the "Ararat," or resting-place of that 
despised people. A monument, 15 feet high, with suitable 
inscriptions, was erected here by the projector in Sept., 
1S25. and is still standing. The undertaking was abandoned 
in consequence of the scheme having been non-approved 
of by the Rabbi of Kurope. 

Graxd Isle county, Verm. Situated N. AV., consisting 
principally of two islands in N. part of Lake Ghainplaiu, 
and contains TC sq. m. Surface gently elevated ; soil highly 
productive and well tilled. Their flocks of slieep fi.rm no 
small part of their weahh. Farms 339; manuf. 8; dwell. 
691, and pop.— wh. 4.142, fr. col. 3— total 4.145. Oipittd : 
Isorth Hero. Public Wor/cs: Vermont and Canada Rail- 
road. 

Grand Isle, t. and p. v., Grand Isle co.. Verm. : 46 ra. 
N. W. Monlpelier. The t. consists of the N. part of a large 
Island of Lake Cliamplain so called, and has a fertile soil, 
producing the grains and fruits. Marble, limestone, an-i 
rock erj'stals abound. The v. is a small settlement in its 
centre. Pop. 666, 

Grant) Like, p. o., Chicot co., Arl: : on the "W. side of 
the Mb^^issippi r., near the S. E. comer of the State, 153 m. 

6. E. Little Rock. 

GRiN"D lake, Me. : a large collection of water lying on the 
E. border of Maine, and partly in New Brunswick. It con- 
tains a large number of islands, and receives the waters of 
many small lakes and rivers, and is the chief source of St. 
Croix river. 

Grand Lepge. p. o., Eaton co., Mich. : 12 m.'W. Lansing. 
Here is a ledge of sandstone, 20 feet high, along the N. 
bank of Grand r., and in the neighborhood, iron ore of fine 
quality is abundant. 

Grand Marsu, p. o., Columbia co., TTwo. ; 29 m. N. W. 
Madison. 

Grand Prairie, t and p. o., Marion co., Ohio: 49 m. 
N. N. W. Columbus. Drained by Scioto r. Surface level ; 
soil deep and blaek mold, very fertile. Pop. 474. 

Grand PuAiRrE„p. 0., Prairie co.. Ark. : 31 m. E. N. E. 
Little Rock. 

Grand Pcairik, t, and p. o Marquette Co., TTmc. ; 49 m. 
N. by E. Madison. 

17 



Grand Eapids, p. v., and cap. Kent co., 3fich. : on the S, 
bank of Grand r., at the rapids so called, 59 m. W. N. W. 
Lansing. It contains a court-house, jail, etc.; numerous 
mills and workshops, warehouses, stores, etc., and about 
3,000 inhabitants. It is one of the most important places In 
Michigan, and has great conveniences for an extensive com- 
merce, being the natural depOt of the country above. There 
are published in the village two newspapers, the *' G. R. In- 
quirer"* (dem.), and the " G. River Eagle" (whig), weekly is- 
sues. Building material of every description is found in the 
neighborhood, and salt springs within a few miles. It is 
approached to the foot of the rapids by lake steamers and 
other cratl, and a c^nal is proposed to overcome the fell, 
which is here 15 feet, and by employing the entire voluma 
of water, an immense hydraulic power can be obtained. On 
the opposite side of the river are Indian mounds and 
burial places, and many remains of ancient habitation* and 
corn fields. Pop. of v. 2,e4C.— of t. 3,149. 

Grand Rapii'S, p. v., Portage co., Wise: on 'Wisconsin 
river. 9S m. N. by W, Madison. The river in this co. is full 
of rapids and portages, affording water-power of great ex- 
tent, which is used in many places for the transportation 
of lumber, large quantities of which are annually sent down 
to St. Louis. The pineries commenee about 80 m. above 
Fnrt Vv'innebago, and here a railroad, 2 m. long, the first in 
Wisconsin, has been constructed to convey tho logs from 
the forest to the mills. 

Grand River, p. o., Caldwell co.^ Mo.: 123 m. N. W. 
Jefferson City. 

Grand River, p. o., Wajiie county, In.: 112 m. S. W. 
Iowa City. 

Grand ri^er, Utah Ter. : a large constituent of the Rio 
Colorado of California. It rises in the Rocky Mountains, in 
the neighborhood of Long's Peak and the "Parks," whence 
its course is generally W. S. W. to a junction with the main 
river, in about 3S° N. lat. In its upper course it has many 
rapids and falls. 

Grand river, Mick.: the largest stream lying wholly 
within the State. It rises in Washtenaw and Hillsdale 
counties by two branches, which unite in Jackson co. From 
this point the river has a very serjientine course, but runs 
generally in a W. direction to Lake Michigan. It is about 
270 m. long, including its windings, and at ils moutli, be- 
t^'e^n 50 and 65 rods wide, and of sufficient depth to ad- 
mit vessels of lees than 12 feet draft. It is navigable 240 
miles for batteauj!, and receives in its course as its principal 
tributaries, Rouge, Flat, Maple, Looking-glass, and Red 
Cedar rivers, from the N.. and Thomapple r. from the S. 
It is navi-^able for steamboats 40 m. to the Great Rapids, 
below which it has nowhere less than 4 feet water. The 
river is subject to freshets, and the intervales in some placet 
to inundations. At the Rapids it sometimes rises 15 feet, but 
at its mouth seldom more than a fooL Many flourishing 
villages are now located on the banks of Grand river. 

Grand Saline, p. o., Cherokee Nation, Iml. Tor 

Grand Spring, p. o., Dane co.. Wise. 

Grand Traverse, p. o., Michilimackinac co., J/toA. ; 172 
m. N. N. W. Lansing. 

Grand Traverse bay : a considerable inlet of Lake 
Michigan, which sets up into the land in the N. W. part of 
Maekinac county. 

Grand Traverse i-slands. 3rich. : a cluster of islands lo- 
cated at the entrance of Green Bay into Lake Michigan. 
Tbey'number ten or twelve, the largest of which are Pala- 
wat'in, Plum. Detroit. Bnllc. etc. 

Orami View, p. o., Edgar co., ///, ; at the head of Big cr. 
of Wabash r., 93 m. E. by S. Springfield. It is In the midat 
of a beautiful and fertile rolling prairie. Pop. 1,-337. 

Grand Vfew. p. v., Louisa co.. /(?..■ about 2 m.'W. Of 
Muscatine Shuigh, 31 m. S. S. E. Iowa City. 

Grand View, t. and p. v.. Washington co., Ohio: 106 ra. 
E. S. E. (Columbus. Drained by creeks of Ohio r., which 
makes its S. E. border. Surface on the r. fertile bottoms. 



QRA 



and in the uplands hilly, and flc only for grass. The v. lies 
on the Ohio, about 13 m. above NewporU Pop. 1,154. 

Grasdtillk, p. v., Kcut CO., Mich. : on Ihe S. side of 
Grand r, at the confluence of Buck and Rush creeks, C3 m. 
VI. N. W. Lansing. The river is navigable for Hrst-class 
steamers to this poinU It contains several mills, factories, 
and mechanic shops, and about COO inhabitants. Consid- 
erable water-power is furnished by the streams, and in the 
vicinity are e.^tensivo pineries, and within 8 m. are salt 
gprings and gypsum beds. It was scUlcd in 1S3,5, and is 
now one of tlio most flourishing villages in the W. part 
of the Slate. 

Gk.ikgee county, Tenn. Situate N. E., and contains S54 
sq. m. Drained by branches of Clinch r.. Its N., and Dol- 
elon r. its S. boundary, large tributaries of the Tennessee. 
Snrfaeo elevated in miildle, and rough, but sloping toward 
the rivers, where It is more even and vcrj' fertile. Toe 
grains are the chief agricultural jiroducls. Farms "23 ; 
manuf. 34; dwell. 1,S94, and pop,— wh. II.ITO, tr. col. 163, 
a. 1,035— total 12,370. Capitut: Rutledge. 

Geangek, t and p. o., Alleghany eo., JV". T.: 214 m. TV. 
Albany. Drained by atllucnls of Genesee r.. which flows 
Jhrough it. Surface tmdulating ; soil sandy and clay loiun. 
Pop. 1,301. 

Ceangee, t. and p. v., Medina connly, Oliio : 105 m. 
K. E. Columbus. Drained by afHuents of Cuyahoga and 
Eocky rivers, the surface forming a watershed between the 
waters of the two streams. Tho v. Is situate in tlio centre. 
Pop. of 1. 1,212. 

GEAKOERSvn.i.E, p. V., Macon county, Ga. : 79 m. S. W. 
Uilledgeville. 

«KAKGEEviLi,E, p. T., Saratoga co., 2\. X.: li. m. K. 
Albany. 

Geanite, p. 0., Knox county, III. : 91 uu N. W. by W. 
Springfield. 

Geaxiteville, p. v., Edgefield disl., S. Car. : on the line 
of the South Carolina E. V,., 11 m. from Harrisburg, and 62 
m. S. W. Columbia. 

Oeant county, Ind. Situate N. E. middle, and contains 
426 sq. m. Drained by Mississinewa r., an affluent of the 
Wabash, and its triliutarlcs. Except on the borders of the 
chief streams, which are beautifully rolling, the county is 
quite level, and was originally timbered. Soils rich, and 
of a more than average fcrtilily. Farms 900; manuf. .W ; 
dwell. 1,8J4, and pop.— wh. 10,945, fr. coL 147— total 11,092. 
Capital: Marion. • 

Ga.UiT county, Kr/. Situate N., and contains 211 sq. m. 
Drained by Eagle cr., a branch of Kentucky r., and afHu- 
ents of Licking r. and the Ohio. Surface divcrsifled ; soils 
TOrious. Corn and tobacco are raised largely. Farms 730; 
manuf 15; dwell. 1,031, and pop.— wh. 6,994, fr. col. 5, si. 
532— toUil 6,531. Ca'2>ital : WaVamsUivin. PuliUcWor/cs: 
Lexington and Conngton R. II. 

Geant county. Wise. Situate S. W. comer, and contains 
1,122 sq. m. Tho TVisconsin r. bounds it N., and on the S. 
and S. W. the Mississippi. Tlio interior is drained by Blue, 
Grant, Platte, and other rivers. The surface is considerably 
broken, but the soils are highly prodnctivc, and the whole 
county abounils in galena or le.ad ore, which is e.\tcnsively 
Smelted. Farms 704; manuf. 73; dwell. 2,SC1, and pop.— 
wh. 16.140, fr. col, 80— total 16.170. Capital : Ijuicaster. 
PuUia WorH: Milwaukie and Mississippi K. E. 
Grant, p.o.. Grant CO., Tml. : 54 m. N. K. Indianapolis. 
Qrantuam, t. and p. o., Sullivan co., K. Jlamp. : 83 m. 
IT. TV. Concord. Drained by heads of Sugar r. of the 
Connecticut. Surface various. Corydon Monntjiln lies in 
the TV. part, and in tho E. there are low lands, adapted 
to tillage. It contains a noted mineral spring. The In- 
hatiitanLs are mostly farmers. Pop. 7S4. 

Gp.ANTSBOROucin, p. v., Campbell county, Tbrwk.* 157 m. 
E. N. E. Nashville. 

Grant's Creek, p. o.. Swily.erland co..Tnf7.: at the mouth 
of s cr. of Ohio r. ao called, S7 m. S. E. Indinnapolie. 
2SS 



GRA 

Grant's Lick, p. o., Campbell co., E'y. : on a cr. of Lick- 
ing r. 60 called, 67 m. N. N. E. Frankfort. 

Gcantstiu-e, p. T., Alleghany CO., Md. : on the National 
Koad, 27 m. TV. Cumberland. 

Geantille county, aV. Car. Situate on N. line, and coi> 
tains 624 sq. in. Drained by affluents of the Eoanoke, and 
upper streams of Tar and Neuse rivers. Surface agreeably 
diversified, with some high land and considerable watei^ 
power. Tobacco is the great staple. Cotton Is raised 
e-xtensively. Farms 1,074; manuf. 55; dwell. 2.093, and 
pop.— wh. 10,290, fr. col. LOSS, si. 9,SG5 — total 21,249. 
Capital: 0.\ford. Public Woi-k4: Gaston and P.alcigh 
Railroad. 

Geantixle, p. v., Delaware co., Ind. : on the lert banK 
of Mississinewa r.. 57 m. N. E. Indianapolis. Pop. about 
200. Tho Fort TVayne and Southern E. E., as projected, 
will pass near or through the ■village. 

Granville, t. and p. o., TT'ashington Co., ^. T. : 5*2 m. 
N. N. E. Albany. Drained by Pawlet r. of Lake Cham- 
plain. Surface somewhat broken and uneven; soil clay 
loam, and fertile. The v. is situate on Pawlet r., and on the 
line of the Rutland and TVashinglon R. P.. ; it has several 
manufactures, and about 600 inhabitants. Tho t. h.is nu- 
merous mills, woolen factories, a pottery, etc., and 8,434 
inhabitants. 

Granville, t and p. v.. Licking county, Ohio: 27 in, 
E. N. E. Columbus. Drained by TV. fork of Licking river, 
which furnishes great water-power. Surface and soil adapt- 
ed to agriculture. The t. was settled in 1S05 by immigrants 
fVom Granville, Mass. The v. contains furnaces, mills, 
mechanic shops, and about 771 inhabitants, and about 1 
mile E. of the v. is Granville College, a Baptist institution, 
founded In 1S31. In the academic department, in 1350, it 
had 5 professors, 60 alumni, and 35 students, with a library 
of 6,000 volumes; and in the theological department 2 pro- 
fessors and S students, with a library of 800 volumes. The 
" Granville Intelligencer" is Issued weekly. Population of 
t. 2,116. 

GRANvrLiE, t. and p. o.. Bradford eo., Penn. : 102 m. M. 
Harrisburg. Drained by Tonawanda and other creeks of 
the N. branch of gnsqnehanna r. Surface varied ; soil of 
moderate fertility. Pop. 797. 

Granville, p. v., Jackson co., Tenn.: on tho led bank 
of Cumberland r., 54 m. E.by N. Nashville. 

Ora.wille, p, v., Monongalia co., rirg. : on Dunkard'B 
cr. of Monongahela r., 202 m. N.TV. Richmond. It contains 
warehouses, mechanic shops, stores, etc., and about 200 
inhabitants. 

Granville, t. and p. v., Addison county, Venn. : 23 ni. 
S. S.TV. Monlpelier— formeriy known as Kingston. DraineiJ 
by heads of TVhite r., one of which falls 100 feet, 50 of which 
perpendicularly. Surface mountainous. Tho v. is a scat- 
tered solUemeiit on the E. side of the river. PopulaUon 
oft. 042. 

Granville, p. v., Putnam county. III. : 100 m. N. by K. 
Springfield. 

Granville, U and p. v., Milwaukie CO., Wi-ir.: 78 m. 
E. by N. Madison. Drained by Milwaukie river and its 
branches, on one of which the v. is located. 

Grape Grove, p. a, Greene co., Ohio: 56 m.TV.S. TV. 
Columbus. 

Grape Island, p. o., Tyler co., Urff.: on an Island of 
Oliio r. so called, 237 m. N.TV. Richmond. 
Grape Vine, p. o.. Perry co., Ky. : lOS m. S. E. Frankfort. 
Grass Hills, p. o., Carroll county, Xy. : U m. N. by TV. 
Frankfort. 

HAS3 Laee, t. and p. o., Jackson co., Mich. : 40 m. S. S. E. 
Lansing. Drained by the E. branch of Grand r,, which has 
its source here in several small lakes. Surface elevated and 
varied ; soil deep black mold. The p. o. is located in the v 
of Leoni, at tho outlet of Grass Lake, artd on the line of the 
Michigan Central R. P.., which traverses tho N. TV. part of 
tho tijwn. Pop. 1,SS1 



GRA 



GRA 



Gkass Lakd, p. o., narrison co., ]lrff. : '200 m. N. W. 
Eichniorni. 

Geass river, X, Y. : a tributary of St. Lawrence r. from 
New York. It rises in the S. K. part of St. Lawrence co., 
and flows in a N. direction to the St. Lawrence, whicli it 
enters opposite to Cornwall Island, Canada. 

Grass Valley, p. v., Butte co.. Calif.: on the middle 
forkof tbeFeallierr., 173 m, N. E. Vjdifjo. In the vicinity 
Is one of the raost productive gold-diggings in the Slate, 
population 2.500. 

Grassy Cove, p. a. Bledsoe ca, Tenn, ; 94 m. R 8. E. 
Nashville. 

Grassy Creek, p. v., Pendleton co., Ki/. ; on a cr. of 
Licking r. so called : 53 m. N. E. Frankfort. 

Grassy Creek, p. o., Yancey co.. A'. Oir. : on a cr. of 
Noliehuckyf.si I called; 1112 ni. W. llalciglu 

Grassy Po^d, p. o., SpartaiiburgIidi3l.,iS. Car.: near the 
State line, 86 m. N. N. W. Cnlumlna. 

Gra.=;sy Valley, p. v., Harrison co., Jnd. : on the E. Bide 
of Indian cr., 4 m. from the Ohio r., and lOS m. S, In- 
dianapolis. 

G ratiot county, 3fich. Sitoate centrally In Lower Penin- 
Bula. and contains 576 sq. ra. Drained by Pine r. in theN., 
waters of which flow into Lake Huron, antl Maple r., which 
empties through Grand r. into Lake Michigan. Surface 
undulating, and well timl)cred with pine in the N.; soils 
adapted to grass and the grains. Unorganized in 1S50. 

Gratiot, p. v., Muskingum oo., Ohiv: 42 m. E. C-olumbus. 

Gbatiot. p. v., Lafayette co., n7sc ; on tlie Picaunica r., 
^ m. S. W. Madison. 

Gratis, t. and p. o., Preble co., Ohio : 84 m. W. S. "W. 
Columbus. Drained by creeks flowing into Miami r. Sur- 
face diversified; soils light and fertile. It is a well culti- 
vated country, and has 2,117 inhabitants. 

GEATrruDE, p. 0., Sussex co., 2i. Jer. : 69 m. S. Trenton. 

Geattan, t. and p. o., Kent county, Mic7t.: 57 m. N. "VV. 
Lansing. It is drained by numerous small lakes, which 
empty into creeks flowing to Grand r. Surface elevated 
and level; soil deep and fertile.. The t has abundance of 
fine timber. Pop. 64S, 

Gratz, p. v., Paupliin countj, PenTi.: 27 m. Zs. by E. 
Harrisburg. 

Geave Ckefk. p. 0., Marshall Co., Tlrff.: on a cr. of 
Ohio r. so called. 235 in. N. W. Ilichmond. 

Geavel IIiLL, p. o., McXairy co., T^nv. : IIS m. S. "W. 
Kashville. 

Gravel Hill, p. o., Buckingham co., Mrg. : 51 m. W. 
Xiichmond. 

Gravelly Hill, p. o., Bhuk-n co., K. Oar.: S5 nL S. 
Kaleigh. 

Gravelly Spring, p. o., Lauderdale co,, Ala.: ITS m. 
N. N. "\V. Montgomery. 

Gr.AVEL PiDGE, p. 0., Bradley co., Ark. : 06 m. S. S. E. 
Little Pock. 

Gravel Pttn, p. o., "Washtenaw co.. 3fi'-7i,: on an afflu- 
ent of Huron r. so called, 52 m. S. E. Lansing. 

Gravel Spring, p. o., Frederick w., Virg. : 126 m. 
X. N. W. Fvichmond. 

Graves county, Kt/. Situate W., and contains 540 sq.m. 
Drained by Mayfield r. and Little Oliion r., amuents of 
Mississippi r., and in the E. by affluents of the Oliio. Sur- 
face generally level, and soil very productive of wheat, com, 
and tobacco. Farms 1,279; manuf. 35; dwell 1,694, and 
pop.— wh. 9,949, fr. coL 9, sL 1.439— tolil 11,387. aipitul: 
Mayfield. 

Gr.wes, p. o., Hempstead county, Arl-.: 1^3 in. S. W. 
Utile Pock. 

Geaves, p. v., Caswell co.. IT. Car. : 66 m. K. "W. Paleigh. 

Gbavesesd, t .and p. v., Kings co., .V. Y.: S m. S. New 
Tork City. Drained by several creeks. The t faces on the 
Atlantic, and includes " C-'ney Island," a place of resort for 
tbc citizens of Xew York in the bathing-.'cason. Surface 
generally level, with extcnaivo salt marshea and sandy hil- 



locks. The V. contains a Dutch Reformed Church, and 
about 20 dwellings. Pop. of the 1. 1,064. 

Geaveb Fkhry, p. o., Ohio co., Ky. : 131 m. W. S. W. 
Frank for L 

Grave's Mux, p. o., Madison co., Virg.: "G m. N. "W. 
Eichmond. 

GKAVESviLLE,p.T., Herkimer CO., J^* Y. : 71m. W. N. TV. 
Albany. 

Gray, U and p. o., Cumberland co., Me. : 46 m. S. W. 
Augusta. Draint-d by branches of Presumpscut and Nvrth 
Yarmouth rivers, and it contains a large part of Little 
Seba., > Pond. It is a line farming country, and has some 
manufactures. Fop. 1,7SS. 

Gray PorK, p. o., Titus county, Tew.: 2S0 m. N. E. 
Austin City. 

GRAYSiiURG.p.o., Greene CO.. TewT?. ; 226 m. E. Na3h\'ille. 

Gray's Creeic, p. o., Cumberland co., A^. Car. 

Gray's Ckoss Koads, p. o., Puiudolph co., 2^. Car.: 93 
m. "W. lialeigh. 

Gray'6 harbor, Orcg. Ter.: a fine bay In the N. "W. of 
Oregon, into which the Chehalis r. empties. It is about 12 
m. deep, and in its widest part about 5 m. The entrance is 
about 2J m. wide. This harbor takes its name from CapL 
Gray, the celebrated discoverer of the Columbia r. and 
other important points, this among others, along the N. W. 
coast. 

GEAY30N county, A'y. Situate "W. centrally, and con- 
tains G51 sq. ra. Nolin cr. on the S. E., and Rough cr. on 
the N. W., tributaries of Green r., with numerous aflluenta, 
drain it. Surface various, with some good mill-sites. Soil 
of average productiveness. C'<.>rn and tobacco are the lead- 
ing productions. Farms 824 ; manuf. 14 ; dwell. 1,065, and 
pop.— wh. 6,512, fr. col. 5, si. 320— total 6,SST. Capital: 
Litchfield. Puhlic W"rks: Nashville and Louisville R. R. 

Grayson county, Tex, Situate N. on Red r., and con- 
tains 956 sq. m. Drained by Big Mineral, Little Mineral, 
Iron Ore creeks, and Choctaw Baye>u in the N., and in the 
S. by many head streams ofTrinity r., which empties into 
Galveston Bay. Surface mostly undulating, with a few low 
hills on Red r. Soil on Red r. consists of a rich, black, 
friable mold, often very deep, and everywhere of almost in- 
credible fertility: this is the cotton region, The interior is 
more sandy, and alTords good grazing. Iron ore is abund- 
ant, particularly on Choctaw Bayou. Farms 171 ; manuf. ; 
dwell. 295, rnd pop.— wIl 1,722, fr. coL 0, sL 136— totid 
1,90S. Capital: Sherman. 

Grayson county, Virg. Situate "W. on S. line, and c<ii>- 
tains 494 sq. m. Intersected by New r. (the npper portion 
of Great Kanawha r.), and drained by its branches and 
Laurel Fork, the head of Holston r. Surface very elevated 
— in parts mountainous, with productive valleys between, 
.and abundance of water-power. A good grazing and farm- 
ingcounty. FannsG04; manuf. 0; dwell. 1,001, and pop. — 
wh. 6,142, fr. coL 36, si 499— totiil 6,677. Capital: Green- 
ville. 

CiRA^-BON, p. v., and cap. Carter co., K^. : on the W. side 
of Little Sandy r., 117 m. E. by N. Frankfort. It has a 
court-house, two stores, and about 160 Inhabitants. 

Gbavson, p. v., Crittenden co., ArL: 110 m. E. N. E. 
Little Rock. 

Geavson C. II., p. o., and cap. Grayson co., Virg.: in 
the V. of Greensville, on the right bank of New r., 193 m. 
W. S. W. Richmond, The v. contains a court-house, jatl, 
etc.. se^enil stores and mechanic shops, and about 200 
Inhabitants. 

Grayson Springs, p. o., Grayson county, Xy.: lOS nu 
\Y. B. W. Frankfort 

Grai-son SiarHTTB Spf.ings, p. o., Carroll co., Virg. : 
1S4 m. W. S. W. Richmrmd. 

Graysport, p. v., Yallabusha co., ^H-ss. : on tho S. side 
of Yallabusha r., 110 m. N. N. E. Jackson. 

Geay's Valley, p. o., Tioga co., Penn. : 113 m. N. by W. 
Harrisburg. 

259 



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GRE 



Gbatsville, p. o., Monroo co., Ohio: on a tributary cr. 
of the Muskingum, 96 in. E. by S. Columbus. 

Gkaysville, p. T., Herkimer co., It'. Y. : 73 m. W. X. "W. 
Albany. 

GiiATsviLLE, p. v., Huntingdon county, Peniu: 79 m. 
W. by N. Ilarrisburg. 

Geatville, p. v., "White county, III.: 119 m. S. E. 
Springfii-ld. 

Gkeasy Cbeek, p. 0., Floyd co., Virg. : 173 m. W. S. 'W'. 
Richmond. 

Gkeasy Creek, p, o., Polk co., Tann. : 144 m. E. S, E. 
Naahville. 

Great Barringtox, t and p. v., Berkshire co., Jfass.: 
118 m. W. Boston. Drained by Ilousatonic r. and its 
branches. Surface, cxerpl in ttie valley of the river, un- 
even and hiiiy ; soil generally fertile, and on the hills fine 
for grazing. Monument Mountain is a lofty eminence, and 
presents much wild and picturesque scenery. Iron ore and 
variegated marble abound. The v. is situate on the E. side 
of the river, and on the line of the Ilousatonic E. II., 85 m. 
irom Bridgeport. It is a considerable place, and has sev- 
eral manufactures. Van Deusenville is a pleasant v. 2 m. 
N. of the principal v. Two newspapers are published in 
the t., the " Berksiiire Courier" (wliig) and the " Transeript" 
(whig), both weeklies. The manufactures coneist of cotton 
and woolen goods, boots and shoes, hats, pig iron, tin- 
ware, etc. Pop. of t. 3,2C3. 

Great bay, Ilockingham co., N. ITainp, ; in the S. E. 
part of the State. It is formed by the united ivaters of 
Swamscot, Winnicul, and Lamprey rivers, and its waters 
pass N. E. through Little Bay, where Oyster r. unites with 
the current which passes into Piscataqua r. It is 4 m. wide. 

Great bay, Belknap co., ^V. ITamp. : an expansion of the 
outlet of Lake "Winnipiseogee, and discharges its waters 
through "VN'innipiseogec r. Into the Connecticut. Hound 
and Long bays are situate between the lake and Great Bay, 
and there are two small bays in the river below 

Great Bend, p. v., Jefferson co., N. Y.: at the great 
bend of Black r., 1.33 m. N. W. Albany, It contains sev- 
eral mills and about 200 inhabitants. A bridge here crosses 
the Black river. 

Grjiat Bend, p. o., Meigs county, Ohio : 92 m. S. S. E. 
Columbus. 

Great Bekp, t. and p. v., Susquehanna co., Penii. : 132 
m. N. N. E. Harrisburg. Drained by affluents of Susque- 
hanna r. Surface hilly ; soil generally good, especially so 
in the valleys. The v. is situate on both side of Susque- 
hanna r., over which is a large covered bridge. The two 
parts of the v. are about a mile apart. It contains several 
Bpacious stores and about 400 inhabitants. As a station on 
the New York and Erie R. K. it is important, for it is placed 
at a great converging point of trade wiih many tliriving 
towns in Pennsylvania, and the Legget's Gap li. il. runs 
hence into the Lackawanna ooal and iron region. A lar^e 
amount of business is done here, and the v. is rapidly fill- 
ing up with an enterprising population. Pop. of the t. 
1,150. 

Great Bridge, p. o., Norfolk co., Virg.: 72 m. S. E. 
Eichmond. 

Great Crossings, p. o., Scott co., K*/. : on Elkhorn cr., 
5 m. \V. of Georgetown and 16 m. E. N. E. Frank f(irL The 
Choctaw Academy was formerly locate<l here, which pro- 
vided, under the superintendence of the War Department, 
for the eilucation of Indians. 

Great Falls, p. v., Strafford co., K. ILimp. : on theW. 
side of Salmon r., at the falls, 3-3 m. E. Concord. This is a 
large and beautiful v., with extensive manufactures of cot- 
ton, etc., for whieh its immense water-power peculiarly 
adapts it. It lies at the point of junction of the Great Falls 
Branch of the Boeton and Maine U. B.. the Great Falls and 
Conway W. B., and the Ycirk and Cumberiand K. B. Two 
newspapers are puldished here, the '^ G. F, Transcript" and 
the *' G. F. Sketcher," both issued weekly. Pop. about 2,000. 
2C0 



Great Milis. p. o., St. Mary's co., Md.: on a cr. of SL 

Mary's r., 53 m. S. Annapolis. 

Great Okosaoon lake and river, Oreg. Ter. : a long 
lake, or rather series of lakes, stretching between 48° and 
5U° N. lat,, and forming the sources of the Okonagon r, a 
branch of the Cohimbia r., at the confluence with which 
is located Fort Okonagon, an establishment of the Hudson 
Bay Company. 

Great Pee Dee river, S. Cur. : a continuation of the Yad- 
kin r. It rises under the latter name in Caldwell and Wilkes 
counties, N. Carolina, and continues thence in an E. direc- 
tion to the W. line of Forsyth county, when it abruptly 
turns S., and in a S. E. course passes over the border into 
S. Carolina, when it is called Great Pee Dee. Its principal 
affluents arc Lynch's cr. and Little Pcdee r., both consider- 
able streams. Uniting with Waccaraaw r. a little below 
Georgetown, it enters and forms Winyaw Bay, which com- 
municates with the Atlantic about VI m. below the union. . 
This river is navigable for boats of 60 or 70 tons burden for 
200 m. Little Pee Dee r. enters it about 32 m. up, and 
Lynch's cr. about 47 m. up — both are boatable for a con- 
siderable distance. 

Great Salt Lake county, Vtah, Situate on the E. and 
S. shorea of the Great Salt Lake, and comprises a district 
lying in the immediate vicinity. Surface low and level on 
the shore, but soon rises into mountains, wbieh encircle the 
basin of the lake at no great distance. The soil is good, 
and, under cultivation, highly productive. Salt of a good 
quality, and iu great quantities, is obtained from the lake ; 
and on iia shores the Mormons have settled, and emigrants 
for the Pactflc shore here find refreshments and a halting 
place, before entering on the California deserL Farms 505; 
manuf 6 ; dwell. 1,253, and pop.— wh. 6,142, fir. col. 15 — 
total 6.157. Capital ; Great Salt Lake City. 

Great Salt Lake City, p. city, and cap. Great Salt 
Lake CO., Utah Ter. {See Salt Lake City.) The precise 
name of this is " City of the Great Salt Lake." 

Great Salt lake, Utah Tei: : a noted lake in the great 
California basin. It lies in lat. 41'^ 10' 42" N., and long. 
112° 21' 05" "W. (the astronomical position of an island iu 
Ihe lake). It communicates with Utah Lake through a 
strait called Jordan r., but has a somewhat lower level. 
Utah Lake is fresh water, while Great Salt Lake is intensely 
salt, and its shores and bottom are incrusted with salt — the 
former for a width of several miles. The Mormons are 
settled in its neighborhood, and their original settlement 
and chief city, the City of the Great Salt Lake, is located 
on the E. side of Jordan r. The lake and its vicinity has 
been surveyed by Captain Stansbury, whose able report to 
Congress is a work of great interest and value. In the 
valk-y of this lake the most valuable lands of the Territory 
are located, and of these the Mormons have got possession. 

Great Valley, I. and p. o., Cattaraugus co., A''. Y. : 247 
m. W. by S. Albany. Drainecl by Great Valley, Tuniangu- 
ant, and other creeks of Alleghany r. Surface somewhat 
broken, rising from the valley of the Alleghany ; soils, clay 
loam, and fertile. The v. is a station on the Erie R. B., and 
is on the Beservation belonging to the Seneca Nation, now 
numbering about 700. It commands the business of tho 
valley, in which Ellicottvilie. is situate. Pop. 1,635. 

Grhat Works, p. v., I'enobscot co., 3fe. : on the E. iide 
of Penobscot r., at the confluence of Great Works stream, 
74 m. N. E. Augusta. The stream so called is an important 
branch of the Penobscot, into which it falls opposite tho 
Indian settlement of Old Town ; it has many mill sites, and 
along its banks considerable manufactures are carried on. 

Gkeixe, I. and p. o., Monroe co., X. Y. ; 203 m. W. N.W. 
Albany. Drained by creeks flowing through small boys ic 
Lake Ontario, which lies on its W. border, and Genesee r. 
lies on its E. boundary. Surface undulating; soil, gravelly, 
sandy, and elay loams. Charlotte and Adams Basin are 
post-ofllccs in this t. Pop. 4,219. 

GKEET.AND Dei'Ot, p. 0., Koctlngham co.. A", ffamp. 



o., Shelby couuty, Tenn. : 193 



ORE 

Gkeen Bank. p. o., PoraboDtas co., Vinj. : on Deep cr. 
of Greenbrier r., 116 in. W. N. W. Kiohmonil. It has several 
mills and mecbanic shops, anil about 80 inhabitauls. 
GuEE.N Bake, p. o., Burlington co., K Jer. 
Geeex Bay, p. c, Des Moines county, la. : 07 m. S. E. 
Iowa City. 

Gecen Bat, p. v.. Brown Co., T17«c. .- on the right bank 
of Neenah or Fox r., at tlie he-id of Green Bay, 124 in. 
N. K. by N. Mad'son. It occupies an important location, 
and has a good harbor ; and its commerce is considerable. 
JIany of its stores and dwellings are large and elegant 
buUdlngs. Fort Howard, on the W. side of the r.. stands 
on a commanding eminence, and in the v. is a V. S. land 
office. Pop. aboiit 2..'.00. It is a place th.il must become, 
In the natuml progress of events, a largo commercial dep6t. 
It was formerly the county capital. 

Geeen bay, Wi.K.: a large arm of Lake Michigan, ex- 
tending inland from its N. W. comer for 100 m., and hav- 
ing a breadth var; ing from 15 to 20 m. Its direction is 
almost parallel with the western shore of the lake ; at its 
entrance are the Grand Traverse Islands, extending in line 
about 30 m. It is navigable to its head for vessels of 200 
tons, and there communicates with Fox r. and the trans- 
terrene navigation of Wisconsin to the Mississippi r. The 
Menomonee, forming the N. E. boundary of the State, also 
empties into it. 

GEEisBOEorcn, p. v., Oswego county, X. T.: 186 m. 
W. N. W. Albany. 

Green Bottom, p, 
W. S. W. Nashville. 

Geeen Bottom, p. v., CabeU CO., rirg. : 257 m. V. by N. 
Eichmond. 

Geeesbeiee county, Virff. Situate W. centrally, and 
contains 1.2SS sq. ni. Drained by Greenbrier r. in the S. and 
E., anil W. by Meadow r., Cherry-tree r., and other heads 
of Gauley r.. all which empty into the Great Kanawha, 
which furnishes numberless mill-sites. It lies W. of and at 
the foot of the Alleghany Mountains, and the surface is ele- 
Tated and rough. There is much timber, and much maple 
6u«-ar is ra.ade. E.xceUcnt pasturage abounds, and the lower 
parts are verv fertile. Farms 603; manuf 0; dwell. 1,419, 
and pop.— w'h. 8,549, fr. col. 156, si. 1,317— total 10,022. 
CapiUil : Lewisburg. ruhlic Worki : Virginia Central K. U. 
Gbeenbeiee, p. o., Northumberland co., Penn.: 57 m. 
N. llarrishurg. 

Oeeekbeiee river, Tirg.: a constituent of the Great 
Kanawha. It rises in Pocahontas county from the Great 
Alleghany Eidge, and passes in a general S. W. course 
through Greenbrier county and into Monroe county, where 
It enters the Kanawha at its passage through Laurel Pwidge. 
Geeenbeiee Urs, p. o., Doddridge Co., \lrg.: 212 m. 
W. N. W. r.ichmond. 

Geees Bud. p. o., Sussex county, Virg. : 43 m. S. E, 
Eichmond. 

Geeekbush. p. v., Warren Co., Tl/. : about 2 m. N. of the 
W. fork of Spoon r., 77 m. N. W. Springfield. 

Geeesbush. p. v.. Polk CO., /</. .■ on North r., a branch 
of Des Moines r., 112 m. W. S. W. Iowa City. 

Gbeenbush. I. and p. o., Penobscot co., Jfe. .• 91 m. N. E. 
Augusta. Drained by Olamon and other affluents of Pen- 
obscot r. Surface varied; soil generally fertile. The v. 
opposite Argyle is a pleasant and thriving place. Pop. 



p. v., Grant county, 2nd.: 58 m. N. K. E. 



of t. 417. 

Geeenevsh, 
Indianapolis. 

Geeesbcsii, t and p. o., Clinton co., Mlefi.: 22 m. N. 
Lansing. Drained by Maple r., a branch of Grand. Sur- 
face elevated and level ; soil, deep and fertile, with fine 
timber in abundance. Pop, 318, 

CiEEEXBUsn, p. o., Sc^Jlt county, Misx.: 43 m. E. by N. 
Jr.ckson. 

C.KEENBisn, t. and p. v., P.enssalaer co., M T. : opposite 
Albany, on the E. side of Hudson r. Drained by several 



GRE 

small creeks. Surface generally hilly ; soil, clay loam, with 
sand and gravel. The land on the Hudson is level and 
very fertile. The v. contains several factories and stores, 
and about 1,200 inhabitants. There are several ferries to 
Albany, and the Hudson P.ivcr P.. E., and the Western 
(Albaiiy and Stockbridge) K. P.., have their terminus at 
East Albany, and there connect with Uie Troy and Green- 
bush It. K. Pop. 4,94,\ 

Geeekbcsu, t. and p. v., Sheboygan Co., irisc. ; 34 m. 
N. E. Madison. Drained by Millet cr. of Sheboygan r., on 
which also the v. is located. A plank-road crosses the t., 
stretching fmm Sheboygan, on Lake Michigan, to Fond 
du Lac. Poj; 6.34. 

GEEE.-J Castle, p. v., .tnd cap., Putnam co., In<!.: ofi a 
high table-land. 1 m. E. side of Walnut fork of Eel r., 39 
m. W. by S. Indianapolis, lat. 89° 40' N., and long. S60 4S' 
W. It was laid out in ISIS, and contains a court-house, 
jail, .and other county buildings, numerous mechanic shops, 
stores, etc., and is the seat of Indiana Asbury University. 
The. university was founded by the Methodist denomina- 
ticui in 1S87, and in 1S50 had a president, 8 professors, 120 
alumni, and 120 students; and its library contained 4,000 
volumes. It has a law department Besides this there are 
several Hr4-rato schools in the v., and tlie usual number of 
free .scliools. The " G. Sentinel" (neutral), is issued weekly. 
Population 1,8S2. Green Castle is on the line of the New 
Albany and Salem P,. E., and also the Terre Haute and 
Eichmond E. E., which intersecting it at this point, con- 
nects it with all parts of the Slate and United States. It is 
the commercial deptit of an extensive and fertile neigh- 
borhttod. 

Gbeen Castle, p. v., Fairfield co., OMo : 19 m. S. E. 
Columbus. 

GEEE.V Castle, p. b., Franklin co., Penn. : on the E. of 
C<inecocheague r., 62 m. S. W. Harrisburg. It lies on tho 
line of the Franklin E. R., equi-distant between Chambers- 
burg and Hagerstown. It contains several manufacturing 
establishments, mechanic shops, stores, etc., and about 
1,800 inhabitants. Tho " Conecocheaguc Herald" is issued 
weekly. It is surrounded by a fertile country. 

I.i EEES Ceeek, p. 0., Cape May co., A' Jer. ; 71 m. S. 
Trenton. 

Geees Ceeek, t and p. o., Sandusky co., Ohio. : 90 m. 
N. Columbus. Drained by Green .and other creeks flowing 
into Sandusky Bay. Surface diversified, and soils well 
adapted to agriculture generally. The Mad Elver and 
Lake Erie E. E. (new line) is intersected in the E. part of 
this I. by the Cleveland, Norwalk, and Toledo K. P. 1,233. 
Ceeen' DEPf-T, p. o., Kennebec co.. Me. : on the Andros- 
coggin and Kennebec E. E., 22 m. S. W. Augusta, 41 m. 
Ijy route from Portland. 

GuEi-.NE county, Arl: Situate N. E. comer, and contains 
ilS9 sq. m. Drained by St. Francis r., its E. boimdary, and 
Cache r., its W. bouuilary. Surface low and level, in parts 
marshy; soil fertile where capable of cultivation. Farms 
845: manuf. 0; dwell. 436, and jjop.- wh. 2,530, fr. col. 10, 
si. 5:1— total 2,593. Cii/iital: Gainesville. 

Gkeexe county, ffa. Situate N. E. contr.tlly, and con- 
tains 503 sq. m. Drained W. by Oconee r., and E. by 
Ogeehee r. and Little r., a branch of the Savannah. Sur- 
face elevated and swelling, and soil productive. There is 
good Wiiter-power, which is improved by mills and factories. 
Cotton is the staple. Farms 612: manuf. 47; dwell. S54, 
and pop.— wh. 4,744, fr. col. 58. si. 266— total 13,06S. Cap- 
ital : Green.sboro. I'iMic Work): Georgia K. E., and 
Athens Branch E. E. 

GcEE>-E county, Tnd. Situate S. W., and oontains .5.^ 
sn. m. The W. fork of White r. divides it almost equally, 
jmd it lias other streams which afford mill-sites. Surface 
rather hilly E.. but level W. ; soils, clay, variously mixed. 
The products arc wheat, com, and tobacco ; lead, coal, 
and Iron are abundant Famis 1,227; manuf. 39; dwell. 
2 089, and pop.— wh. 12,233, and ft. col. 75— total 12,31.3. 
' 261 



GRE 



Gllri 



Capital: Bloomfleld. PulUo Work-^: Wabash and Erie 
Canal; Viucennes and In'lianapolis E. R., etc. 

Geeene county. lU. Situate AV., and contiiiDS-564 sq. m. 
Drained by Applo and Macoupin creeks, affluents of the 
Illinois r., wliich makes its W. line. Surface level, partly 
prairie and partly limbered ; soil highly productive. This 
is in the coal region, and coal \s abundant and easily ot>- 
tained. Co^n is the agricultural staple. Farms 1,155; 
mannf. 27 ; dwell. 2.024, and pop.— wh. 12,839, fr. col. 60— 
total 12,489. Cajyital: Carrollton. 

Gkeene county, Ja. Situate W. centrally, and contains 
6T6 sq. ra. Drained by Eaccoon r., a tributary of the Des 
Moines r. Unorganized in 1S50. 

Greene county, Ky, Situato centrally, an<l contains SI6 
BQ. m. Drained by Little Barren r., Eussell r., and other 
head streams of Green r. Surface diversified and of mod- 
erate deration; soils productive. Large numbers of cattle, 
sheep, and swino are raised. Tobacco is the great 5ta])Ie, 
but wheat and corn are produced largely. Manufactures 
are noticeable, for which the streams afford good facijities. 
Farms 791 ; manuf. 201 ; dwell. 1,105, and pop.— wh. 6.335, 
fr. col. 117, si. 2,60S— total 9,OG0. Capital: Greeusburg. 
Fuhlic Works: Danville and Nashville E. E. 

Geeene county, MUa. Situate S. K, and cgntains 720 
sq. ra. Drained by Chiekasawha r. and Leaf cr., whith 
uniting S. of it, form the Pascagoula. Surface low and gen- 
erally even ; soil, in parts unproductive, but covered mostly 
with forests of timber trees. Corn and potaUx's, cotton and 
rice, are the products. Farms 93; manuf. 0; dwell. 21T. 
find pop.— wh. 1,379, fr. col. 1. si. (335— total 2,01S. Capikd : 
Leakesvilje. Puhlic Woi-ks : Mobile and Ohio E. E. 

Greeke county, Mo, Situate S. W., and contains l,ir)7 
sq. m. Drained by the heads of "Wliite r., which empties 
into the Mississippi, and branches of the Osag(^ r., wlii<'Ii 
runs into the Missouri, The surface is broken, a range of 
hills or mountains occupying the middle, and forming a 
watershed between the waters running N. and S. The soil 
fertile and well timbered. Farms 1,2S3; manuf. 50; dwell. 
2,04G, and pop.— wh. 11,543, fT. col. 7, si. 1,230— total 12,7S5. 
Capital : Springfield. 

Geeene county, iV. 3*. Situate E. centrally, and contains 
BS3 sq. m. Drained by Catskill and Coxsackie creeks, 
which flow into tlie Uudson r., which washes its F. border, 
and by the bead branches of Schoharie cr, a tributary of 
Mohawk r. Surface diversified — in the S. and 'W. hilly and 
mountainous, and toward the N. E. more level. The 
' mountains are sterile, but in the valleys there is much tine 
land. Iron ore, and many other minerals, are abundant 
throughout the county, as are marble, building stone, etc. 
Farms 2,672; manuf. 433; dwell. 5,745, nnd i)0p.— wh. 
32.232, fr. col. 894— total 33,136. Capital: Catskill. Pub- 
lic Works: Albany and Goshen E. E. 

Greene county. K Car. Situate E. centrally, and con- 
tains 182 sq. m. Drained by Moekasin r. and its affluents, 
which flow into the Neuse. Surface generally even; soil 
mostly productive. Com and cotton are the leading crops. 
Eice is also raised. This is the pine region, and tar, pitch, 
and turpentine figure largely in the exports. Farms 872; 
manuf. 37; dwell. 5S4, and pop.— wh. 3,259, fr. col. 116, si. 
8.244— total 6,G19. Capital: Snow Hill.. 

■Greene county, Ohio. Situate S. W. centrally, and con- 
tains 334 sq. m. Drained in the N. "W. by Mad r.. and in 
other parts by the Little Miami and its affluents. Surfaee 
level or undulating; soil fertile and well timbered. The 
numerous streams afford many water privileges, and all 
crops, especially of grain, are very large. Farms 1,626: 
manuf. 132 ; dwell. 8,760, an<i pop.— wh. 21,460, fr. col. 4?6 
-total 21,046. Capital: Xenia. PuUie Works: Little 
Miami K. E. ; Columbus and Xenia E. E. ; Mad Eivor and 
Lake Eric E. E. ; Dayton and Xenia E. E., etc, 

Grkene county. Peun. Situate in S. W. corner, and con- 
tains 55S sq. ni. Drained E. by branches of Monongalu-Ia 
r., which is its E. boundary, and W. by nflluenta of the 
262 



Ohio. Surface mountainous, and water-power abundant 
soil very fertile, yielding great grain crops and supporting 
fine dairies. Timber plentiful, and much maple sugar 
made. Farms 1,7S9 ; manuf. 95; dwell. 3,777, and pop.— 
wh. 21,600, fr. col. 476— total 22,186 Capital : "Waynesburg. 

Geeene county, Ttmi. Situate N. E., nnd contains 515 
sq. m. Drained by Licking cr. and Nolichucky r., heads 
of the Tennessee. Surface mountainous, with pleasant val- 
leys; soils very productive of the grains, and adapted to 
sheep and cattle, which are raised in great numbers. Wheat 
and com leail the products. Farms l,;i46; manuC 47 i 
dwell. 2,93^, and pop.— wh. 16,522, fr. col. 209, si. 1,093— 
total 17,824. Capital: Greenville. Public Works: East 
Tennessee and Virginia E. E. 

Greene county, Virff. Situato E. centrally at fi>ot of 
Blue Eidge, and contains 113 sq. m. Drained by Conway 
r., a head of the liappahannock, and Eivanna r., a branch 
of the James. Surface elevated and broken, with fino 
water-power; soil fertile, producing tobacco and the cereals 
abundantly. Farms 301 ; manuf. 24; dwell. 494, and pop. 
— wh. 2.C67, fr. col. &i, si., 1,699— total 4,400. Capital: 
Stannardsville, 

Greene county, Wisr. Situate S., and contains 592 sq. ro. 
Drained by Pctitonica r. and Sugar cr., head waters of Eock 
r., which runs through Illinois into the Mississippi. Sur* 
face level ; soils rich, with some prairie and good pasturage. 
The grains thrive abundantly. Lead mines are worked 
successfully, and copper is also found. Farms 763; manut 
45 ; dwell. 1,431, and pop.— wh. 8,563, fr. col. 0— total S,56a 
Capital : Monroe. 

Greene coxmty, Ala. Situate "W. middle, and contains 
911 sq. m. Tombigbee r. forms its W, boundary, and thd 
BKick AVarrior flows S. through the middle, by whose aA 
fluents it is drained. Surface varied, in parts hilly, in parts 
level meadow. Soil very fertile, producing heavy crops of 
cotton, the staple, and corn and some wheat. Tt has abund- 
ant water-power, and growing manufactures of flour,leather, 
cotton goods, and machinery. Farms 1,310 ; manuf. 71 ; 
dwell. 1,730, and pop.— wh. 9,265, fr. col. 49, si. 22,127— 
total 31,441. Capital : Eutaw. 

Greene, t. and p. v., Kennebec co.. Me.: 24 m. S. W. 
Augusta. Dr.iined by ponds and rivulets of Androscoggin 
r., which makes its E. border. Surface level; soil well 
adapted to grain producing. The v is a pleasant place on 
the E. bank of the Androscoggin. The Androscoggin and 
Kennebec E. E. passes through the town. Pop. 1,347. 

Greene, p. v.. Cape Girardeau co., Mo. : on Crooked cr., 
116 m. S. E. Jefitrson City. 

Greene, t. and p. v., Chenango county, ^1 T. : 105 m-. 
W. S. W. Albany. Drained by Chenango r. and its trib- 
utiiries. Surface hilly and broken; soil generally fertile. 
The V. is situate on the line of the canal where it crosses 
the river, and contains numerous stores, mechanic shops, 
and about SOO inhabitants. Fop. of t. 8,7S1. 

Greene, p. o., Lancaster county, Perm. : 44 m. E. by S. 
Ilarrisburg. 

Geefne, p. o.. Noble county, Ind,: 114 m. N. N. E* 
Indianapolis. Pop. 319. 

Greene's Store, p. c, Lawrence county, Ohio: 96 ra. 
S. S. E. OMumbus. 

Greenfield, p. v., and cip. Hancock co., Jnd. : on tha 
W. side of Brandywine or Swamp cr.. 20 m. E. Indianap- 
olis. It was settled in 1S2S, and contains a court-Iiouse and 
other CO. buildings, and has 1,019 inhabitants. The Na- 
tional Eoad and the Indiana Central E. E. pass through it. 
The " S])ectator," a weekly newspaper, is published here. 

Geekneield, p. v., Greene co., JU. : ^i m. S. W. Spring* 
field. Pop. about 200. 

GREE.NFiELn, p. v., and cap. Dade co., Mo. : about 1 m. 
"W. of Sac river, a branch of Osage river, 122 m. S. "VT. 
Jefferson City. 

Greeniiei.o. t., p. 0., and cap. Franklin co., Masjf. : 90 
m. W. by N. Boston. Drained by Greeufleld r., a branch 



GRE 



of De^ rnel.l r., which affords oxcellcnt water-power. Sur- 
face varied ; soil ferlllo ami well cultivated. The Connecti- 
cut r., llie recipient of its waters, wm.l8 along its S. E. bor- 
der The V. is pleasantly situate and well I'uilt; it has 
cluirches of all denominations; several good academics and 
common schools, nuich trade, and is a manufacturing vil- 
la.-e of considerable cck-lirity, il.s manufactures consisting 
of'^cutlcry, boots and shoes, castings, guns, pistols, rifles, and 
iron work generally, harness, saddles, and a great variety 
of articles of domestic utility. Book publishing is also an 
ancient and valuable branch of business, and many works 
of lasting merit, especially on the subject of law, liave issued 
from ils'prcss. It has three newsp.tpcrs, the ■' Gazette and 
Courier" (whig), the " Franklin Democrat" (dcm.1. and the 
"American Itepublio" (free soil), all issued weekly. Cop- 
per and iron ores are found in this town. Pop. i,r>^0. 

Geeenfield, t. and p. v., Hillsborough co., iV. If imp.: 
28 m S W Concord. Drained by affluents of Conloocook 
river which Hows along its W. border. There are also 
several largo ponds. Surface llUly and uneven; soil of 
moderate fertility: the liills afford good pasturage, and the 
rallcys and plains are favorable for grain. Crotchet and 
Lyndcborough mountains arc partly in this town. Tlie v. 
is situate almost centrally, and is a neat agricultural settle- 
ment, indicative of the staple industry of llic town, which is 
almost whoUy devoted to farming. Pop. of t. 711.. 
Gkeexfielp, p. v., Poinsett county, Ark. : 91 m. N. t. 

Little Eock. „ w 

GKEENrmLD, p. T., Highland county, Ohw: on the W. 
eido of Paint cr., « m. S. S. W. Columbus. There are nu- 
merous manufacturing estaWishmenta in the vicinity, and 
the Tillage, through which will pass the Cincinnati, Hills- 
boroS and Parkersburg E. E., is a flourishing place of 
some 100 or 1,000 inhabitants, with numerous stores and 
mechanic slL.ps. A line quality of limestone, suiUble for 
building, is quarried near the village. 

Gr.EENFiELD, t. and p. o., Erie co., Penn. .- 204 m. N. W. 
Harrisburg. Drained by N. branch of French cr. Surface 
diversif ed ; soil fertile. Pop. 930. 

Gkeexfielb, p.T., Sullivan county, Tean. : 2 13 m. E. by N. 
Nashville. 

Greesfield, p. T., Nelson county, Hrff. .• 82 m.TiV.by N. 
Eichmond. 

GEEENFiELn, t. and p. v.. Milwaukio co., TlVsc- 72 m. 
E. by S. Madison. Drained by creeks of Milwaukie and 
Boot rivers. Surface level ; soil of groat fertility, and deep. 
The v. lies on the N. brancli of P.oot r.. and contains about 
200 inhabitants. A plank road, running S. W. from Mil- 
waukie, passes through the town, inlersecting the t. S m. 
from Milwaukie. Pop. 1,S94. « 

Gkeenfielo. t. and p. o., Hancock co., JL;.: 96 m. N. E. 
Augusta. Drained by Olanion and Sunkhazo rivers, afflu- 
ents of Penobscot r. Surfiicc uneven; soil generally fer- 
tile. It is a fine grazing country, and is entirely devotcil to 
fiirming. Pop. 305. 

Gkeekfieed Centee, p. v., Saratoga Co., A' T. .• 33 m. 
N. by "W. Alliany. 

Grfj:mield ITiLL, p. o., r.airflcld county, Cnnn. : 66 m. 
8. W. Hartford. 

Geeenfielp Mieis, p. o., Frederick co., 3fd. : on Mono- 
cacy r.. 6 in. above its confluence with tlic Potomac, and 1 1 
m. S. of Frederick City. There are 9 or 10 dwellings here, 
and about 00 inhal)itants. The vicinity is thickly settled. 
Gkeesfoed, p. v., Mahoning county, Ohio: 139 m. N. E. 
Columbus. 

Gbf.en Gkove, p. o., Luzcrno co., Pmii.: 87 ni. N. E. 
Harrisburg. 

GuEES IIiEL, p. o., Stewart comity, tfti. ; 126 m. S. W. 
Uilledgeville. 

Gr.EEN- lliix, p. o.. Lauderdale co.. .'I^i. ; 1S1 m. N. N. W. 
Montgomery. 

Geeen Hill. p. o., Columbiana co., Ohio: 181 m. N. E. 
Columbus. 



Gr.ECN Hill, p. o., Wilson county, Teim. : 14 m. & 
Nashville. 

Green Hill, p. o., CampbeU co., rirg. : 97 m. W. S. W. 
Eichmond. 

GiiEEN Hill, p. o., Kutlierford county, X. Car. : 218 n» 
"W. a. W. Ealeigli. 

Geeen island, K T. : in the Hndson r., opposite Troy. 
It is abont 3 m. long and half a mile wide. It is now used 
chiefly for railroad depOts. 

Geeen Lake, t, and p. c, Marquette Co., WUc: on the 
lake so called, 67 m. N. by E. Madison. Pop. 725. 

Geeen Lanp, t. and p. o., Eockingham Co., if. ITump. : 
39 m. E. S. E. Concord. Drained into Great Bay, which 
lies on the N. border. Surface level and low ; soil fertile, 
produein" fruit .and vegetables largely for the markets of 
Portsmouth, from which it is distant 5 m. The t. has sew 
eral mills and stores, and 789 inhabitants. 

Green LRiF, p. o., De Soto CO., Miss.: 159 m. N. by E. 

Jackson. 
Geeen Level, p. o., Southampton county, Yi.rg.: ii m. 

S. ^. E. Richmond. 
Green Level, p. o., Wake co., K. Car. 
Geeen Meai>ow, p. o., Washington Co., Tenn. ; 240 m,a 
Nashville. 

Green Moitnt, p. o., Adams Co., Pemi.: 4S m. 8. W. 
Harrisburg. 

Geeen mountains, rerm. : a northern range of tho 
Alleghany .Mountains, rising in Canada East, and passing 
in a°direetion N. and S. through Vermont, Massachusetts, 
and Connecticut, and terminating near New Haven, on 
Lon» Island Sound. Their verdant appearance originated 
theirnomenelaturc, and also gave name to the State of Vo 
mont They decrease in height as they approach the i 
Mansfield Monnt.ain, the highest peak of the range, is 4,279 
feet above the sea level; Camel's Enmp, 4,190 feet ; Killing, 
ton Peak, 3,675 feet ; and Ascutney Mountain, 8,820 feet 

Geeen Oak, t. and p. o., Liviiig8t-;>n co., Mich. : 47 TO, 
E S E Lansing. Drained by the upper waters of Huron r. 
ami several lakes emptying into it. Surface level; BoU 
deep and fertile. Timber is abund.ant. Pop. 941. 

Greenock, p. v., Crittenden co., Ark. : on the W. bank 
of Mississippi r., 136 m. E. N. E. Little Rock. 

Geeen Plains, p. o., Hancock CO., III. : 93 m. W. N. W. 
Springfield. 

Geeen Plaiss, p. o., Northampton co., A'. Car.: 81 itt 
N. E. Raleigh. „ >t -n 

Gkeen Plains, p. o., St. Francis co., Ark. : 76 m. E. N. i% 
Little Eock. 

Green Point, p. v.. Kings cc, K Y. : at the connuence 
of Newtown cr. with the East r., opposite New York City, 
and above Williamsburg. This is a new village, ehiefiy 
built up by persons doing business in New York, and who 
have their residences hero. The improvements within a 
year or two have been great, and it has many substantial 
brick houses, etc. Pop. about 3,000. 

G REEN Pond, p. o., Union dist., & Car. : 81 m. N. N. W. 
C^'luinbia. 

G reenpoet, p. v.,- Suffolk CO., A^ K •■ near the end of ths 
N E. caudal extremity of Long Island, 124 m. S. E. Albany, 
and by railroad 95 m. from New York City. The steamboat 
route across the Sound to Stoninglon is 20 m. It is a thnw 
ing village, with numerous mechanic shops, stores, etc., a 
weekly newspaper, Uie " Republican Watchman," and 
about SOO inhabitants. Several whaling vessels and nume. 
rous coasters are owned here. The harbor is deep, capo* 
eious, well sheltered, and seldom closed by ice; it is one o( 
the best on the coast, and admits the largest class of shipping 
Gkeenpoet, p. v.. Cedar county, Mo.: 102 m. S. W, 
.Jefferson City. 

Geeen Eivee, p. 0., Henry co., III. : on an affluent of 
Eock r. so called, US m. N. N. W. Springfield. 

GuEFJt EivER, p. 0., Columbia county, N. Y. : 81 m. S. & 
Albany. 



GRE 



Gbikn Eiteb, p. o.,'n'indham Co., Verm. : on the W. side j 
of tlio r. so called, lOS m. S. Montpclier. I 

Gkeks Eiver, p. o., Eulherford CO., JK Car. : on the r. so 
called, 204 m.W. S.W. Ealeigh. 

Gekk-v RrraE, p. c, Hart co., Jy. ; on the r. bo called, 
88 m. S. W. Frankfort. 

Gkien river, Ay. .■ a large tribnlory of Ohio r. It rises 
Id the highlands of Lincoln Ckiunly, and after a course 
(tencrally W. and N. W., enters the Ohio r. 50 m. above the 
mouth of Cumberland r., and 200 m. below Louisville. It 
is 2011 yards wide at its mouth, and is bontable for more than 
200 miles. 

Ghef.n's, p. 0., Folk counly, Tex. : 1S4 m. E. by N. 
Austin Cily. 

Gmen's Blitf, p. o., Jefferson co., Tex. : on Neches r., 
232 m. E. Austin City. 

Gp.EEKSBOEorGH, p. T., Grceo county, Ala. : 79 in. 
■W. N. W. Montgomery. The vicinity is famous for its Hnc 
cotton. 

Geeexbboeocgh, p. v., and cap. Greene CO., Ga. .■ on the 
Georgia E. E., S4 m. from Augusta, and S" m. from Atlanta 
—86 m. N. Milledgevillo. 

GEKENSBoEocon, p. V., Hcnrv co., Ind. : on Duck er. of 
Bluer., 36 m.' E. by N. Indianapolis. Pop. about 30O. The 
Fort Wayne and Southern E. E. will pass near or through 
this village. 

GKEESSBOEorcn, p. v., Ciroline co., J/iZ. ; on theW. side 
of Choptank r, 43 m. E. Annapolis. 

GEEENSBOEOrGU, p. v., and cap. Choctaw CO., Itim. ■■ on 
one of the head branches of Big lilaek r., 93 m N. N. E. 
Jackson.' It contains a court-house, etc., and about 400 in- 
habitants. The vicinity is a fine cotton region, and is well 
fiettled. 

Geeensboeough, p. v., and cap. Guilford co., X.Car.: 
between the N. and S. branches of Buffalo cr. of Haw r., 75 
m. W. N. W. Ealeigh. It contains a court-house, jail, etc., 
several stores, and about COO inhabitants. Two periodicals 
»rc published here— a weekly, the " G. Patriot" (whig), and 
the " Common School Advocate" (educat.), monthly. It is 
on the line of the North Carolma E. E., and the S. terminus 
oftheDanvUleE. R. 

OEEEXSEOEOtroH, p. T., Greene co., Penn. : on the W. 
side of Monongahela r., 16S m. W. S. W. Ilarrisburg. 

GnEEXSEOEoron, t.. Orleans co., Venn. : 29 m. N. E. by N. 
Monlpelier. Drained by the heads of Ijimoille r. Cajspian 
and other lakes are in this t. the outlets of which afford 
water-power. Surface uneven : soil moderately fertile. 
The V. on Lamoille r. is a small settlement, and has sever.al 
mills. Pop.l,OOS. 

Geeensboeoitgh, p. v., and cap. Deonfur co., Ind. : on 
the heads of Sand cr., 40 m. S. E. Indianapolis. It was laid 
out in 1521, and contains a court-liouse, etc., numerous 
stores and mechanic shops, aliout 200 dwellings, and a pop- 
ulation of 1.202. A newspaper, Ibe '• Clarion," is published 
weekly. The Lawreneeburg and Upper Mississippi E. E., 
and the Michigan Eoad pass through the village. The 
country is fine rolling prairie, and has a rich soil. 

GnEESSBFEOn, p. v., and cap. Greene co., Kt/.: on the 
right bank of Greene r., 69 m. S. S. W. Frankforl. It cou- 
tnins a court-house, jail, etc., and about 600 inhabil.™i.s. 
The Nashville and Lexington E. E. will probably pass 
through this village. 

GREENsBUEGn, p. V., and cap. St. Helena par., Z<7. .' on 
the W. side of Tickfau r., 42 m. N. E. Baton Eougo. It has 
a court-house and other county buildings, a UniU'd SLales 
Land OfHce. and about 200 inhabitants. The Tickfau 
empties into Lake Maurepas. 

GEEExsBuEGn, p. v., Greene county, Arl: : 147 m. N. K. 
I.ltUe Eoek. 

Gr.EESSBUEGn, p. v.. Trumbull co., Ohio: 156 ro. N. E. 
Cohuid)US. It contains several mills and mechanic shops, 
»1th stores, etc.. and about 400 Inhal)itant5. 
GEKENSBrncn, p. b., and cap. ■Westmoreland co., Penn-. : 



GRE 

146 m. W. Ilarrisburg. It contains a court-house, jail, etc., 
several churches of different denominations, several facto- 
ries, numerous stores and mechanic shops, about 180 dwell- 
ings, and 1.050 inhabitants. Three newspapers are pub- 
lished in the borough, viz. : the '■ Pennsylvania Argus" 
(dem.), the " Westmoreland Intelligencer" (whig), and tho 
'■ Westmoreland Eepublic"— all weekly issues. It is an im- 
portant dep6t of internal trade, at which the Hempfield E. E. 
will form a junction with the Pennsylvania system of rail- 
roads. 

GnEES'8 CoENEES, p. T., Oneida co., K T. : 96 m.W. N.W. 
Albany. It is on the lino of the Syracuse and L'tica E. P.., 
19 m. from Utica, and 84 from Syracuse. 

GKEEssBUKon Ceobs Eoads, p. 0., Sandusky co., Ohio. 
92 m. N. N. W. Columbus. 

Geeen's Foek, p. o.,Wayne co., Tnd. : on a fork of White 
Water r. so called, 5S m. E. by N. Indianapolis. The New- 
castle and Eicbraond E. E. crosses the stream at this point. 
Geeenspoet, p. v., St Clair county, Ala. : 97 m. N. 
Montgomery. 

Geeen Sprikg, p. 0., Orange county, M Car. .• 47 m. N.W. 
Ealeigh. 

Geeen- Sfkixg, p. o., Seneca county, Ohio: S4 m. N. 
Columbus. 

Geeek Speiso Ers, p. o., Hampshire eo.,Virg. ; 157 m. 
N. N. W. Eiohmond. 

Geeexton, p. v., Lafayette co., Mo. : 106 m. W. N. 'W. 
Jefferson Citv. 

Geeen Top, p. o., Schuyler co., Mo. : 187 m. N. N. W. 
Jefferson City. 

Geeentow:?, p. T., Stark county, Ohio: 106 m. N. E. 
Columbus. 

Geeextown, p. v., Howard co., Ind. : on Wild Cat cr., 49 
m. N. by E. Indianapolis. 

Geeen Tkee, p. o., AEeghanv county, Pen)!. ; 173 m. W. 
Harrisburg. 

Geeexot county, K:/. Situate N. E. comer, and con- 
tains 339 sq. m. Drained by Tygerfs cr. and Big and Littio 
Sandy rivers, all which empty into the Ohio, which forms 
ils N. and N E. boundary. Big Sandy r. also separates tho 
States of Virginia and Kentucky. Surface somewh.at rough, 
except on the rivers, where the soil is very rich. The higher 
parts abound in coal and iron. Com and wheat are easily 
raised. Farms 458; manuf 20; dwell. 1,529, and pop.— 
wh. 8,993, fr. col. 60, si. 606— total 9,654. Capital : Green- 
upsburg. Pullic TToi'ks : Maysville and Big Sandy E. E. 
Geeexvp, p. v., and cap. Greenup CO., A';/. .• on the S. 
hank of the Ohio r., at the mouth of Little Sandy r., 123 m. 
E. by N. Frankfort. It is an important commercial point, 
and "is intersected by the line of the Maysville and Big Sandy 
E. E. The V. contains a courl-house and otlier co. build- 
ings, several groceries and stores, and between 400 and 500 
inhabitants. 

Geeexup, p. v., Cumberland co., PI. : on the E. bank of 
Embarras r., 86 m. E. S. E. Springfield. 

Gkeextale, p. o., Jo Daviess co., lU. : 176 m. N. by W. 
Springfield. 

Gbeex Valley, p. o., Bath co., Virg. : 183 m. W. by N. 
Eiclimond. 

Grekx Valley, p. c, Lafayette county. Miss. : 13S m. 
N. by E. Jackson. 
Geeex VrLLAGE. p. T., Franklin co., Perm. 
Geeentille district. S. Car. Situate N.W., and contains 
"2-3 sq. m. Drained by Saluda r. in the W. ; and in the E. 
by Ennoree r.. both he'ad streams of Congaree and Santeo 
rivers. Surface elevated, and in the N. much broken, \vilh 
many mill-streams. The soil is productive of all the grains, 
and cotton is much raised. Farms 1,063 ; manuf RS : dwell. 
2,S.M, and pop.— wh. 18,372, fr. col. 93, si. 6,091— tolal 20.156. 
Capital: OreenviUe. PuUio H'wrfo; Greenville and Co- 
lumbia E. E. 

Geeextille county, Yirg. Situate on S. line, and con- 
tains 448 sq. m. Drained S. by Meherrin r., and N. by Not- 



GRE 



GRE 



taway r.. its N. boundary, both which empty into the Chowan 
through North Carolina. Surface diversified, and soils of 
good fertility. Corn, cotton, and tobacco yield largely, and 
are staples. Farms 242; manuf. 3; dwell. SS5, and pop. — 
%yh.l,T31,fr. col. 123, si. 8,TS5— total 5,639. Capital: Ilieks- 
ford. rublic Motl's: Greenville and Roanoke K. E.; Pe- 
tersburg and Weldou li. R. 

Geecnville, jj. v., and cap. Butler co., Ala.: on the "W. 
side of Sepulgah r., 41 in. 8. 9. "W. Montgomery. It is a 
considerable village, and an important point in relation to 
the railway system of the State, being the i>oint of junction 
of the Girard and Mobile R. II. and of the Montgomery and 
Mobile R. R. 

Gkehnville, p. v., and cap. Merriwether co., Ga.: S3 
m.W. Millediieville. It contains a court-house, etc., several 
stores, and about 3G0 inbabitants. 

Greenvu.le, p. v., Floyd county, //«?.; 97 m. S. by E. 
Indianapolis. It contains several stores, etc., and about 350 
Inhabitants. 

Geeentille, p. v., and cap. Bond co., IlL: on the E. 
fork of Siioal cr. of Kaskaskia r,, 66 m. S. by E. Springtltld. 
It has a court-house, jail, etc., several mechanic shops and 
stores, and about 400 inhabitants. The " G. Journal" is 
published weekly, and the *' Western Fountain," a Meth- 
odist periodical, semi-monthly 

Greenville, p. v., and cap. Mecklcnburgh co., Ky.: on 
on athuent of Green r., 147 ni.W. S. W. Frankfort. It con- 
tains a court-house and other co. buildings, and about 160 
inhabitants. The vicinity is a fine farming region, and 
thickly settled with an industrious population. 

Gf.eenville, p. t., and cap. Wayne co., Mo.: on the E. 
bank of St. Frangois r., 140 m. S. E. Jefferson City. It con- 
tains a court-house, several stores, and about 800 inhab- 
itants. 

Greenville, t. and p. o., Piscataquis co., Me. : SG m. N. 
Augusta. Drained in the E. by Wilson's r. of Uio Sebec, 
nnd in the W. by streams nnming to Moosehcad Lake, a 
S. arm of which penetrates into tliis town. Surface hilly; 
soils good for farming, and the industry of the inhabitants is 
chiefly devoted to agriculture. There is a small v. or settle- 
ment on the lake. Pop. of t. 326. 

Greenville, p. v., and cap. Pitt co.. K Car.: on the S. 
iide of Tar river. 35 m. above its confluence with Pamlico 
Sound, 83 m. E. by S. Raleigh. It contains a court-house, 
jail, etc., and has 1,S93 inhabitants. 

Grebn-ville, p. v., Sussex county, ^^. Jer. : 51 m. N. 
Trenton. 

Geernville, p. v., Brown co., Wise, : 129 ra. N. E. by N. 
Madison. 

Greenville, p. v., nnd cap. Hunt county, Tesc.: 244 m. 
N. N. E. Austin City. 

Greenville, t. and p. v., Greene co., K Y. .- 23 m. S. W. 
Albany. Drained by Provost and Catskill creeks. Surface 
broken and hilly ; soil clay loam and fertile in gr.as3. The 
V. lies on Provost er. Pop. of t. 2,242. 

Greenville, t.. p. v., and cap. Darke co., Ohio : drained 
by several tributaries of Greenville cr. of the Miami r. 
Surface diversified ; soil deep and rich, forming one of the 
finest farming towns in the State. The t. is situal£ on the S. 
eide of Greenville cr., and below the junction of Mud cr., SI 
m. W. by X. Columbus, and on the site of old Fort Green- 
ville, where General Wayne concluded his treaty of peace 
with the Indians in 179.5. It contains a handsome court- 
house, a jail, several mechanic shops, manufacturing estab- 
lisliments an<l stores, and about 1,044 inhabitants. Two 
newspapers are published here, the '-G. Journal" (whig), 
and the " Democratic Herald" (dem.), weekly issues. The 
Grernville and Miami E. E. passes through the v., con- 
necting it with Cincinnati and other Ohio cities, and with 
the railroad system centering at Indianapolis. Pop. of t. 
3,4 Ifi. 

Greenville, p. v., Providence co., E. L: 9 m. W. N. W. 
Providence. 



Greenville, p. v., New London co., Cami.: on the line 
of the Norwich and Worcester R. R., 1 m. N. Norwich, and 
36 S. E. Hartford. 

Greenville, p. v., and cap. Greenville dist., S. Car. : 
near the head of Reedy r. of the Saluda. 106 m. N. W, 
Columbia, or, by way of Greenville and Columbia R. R,, 
140 m. from Columbia. It contains a court-house, jail, and 
district offices, 4 churches, a market-house, 2 academies, 
several mechanic shops, 21 stores of various descriptions, 
and about 1,305 inhabitants. Two newspapers are published 
here, the "Southern Patriot," a tri-weekly, and the "G 
Mountaineer," a weekly. 

Greenville, p. v., and cap. Greeno co., Tenn.: about 4 
m. N. W. Nolichucky r., and 222 m. E. Nashville. It is 
pleasantly located on an elevated site, and contains the 
court-house, jail, etc., and many stores and mechanic 
shops, and here is published a newspaper, the *' G. Spy" 
(dem.), a weekly issue. Near the v. is Tusculum College, 
founded in 1843; in 1850 it had two professors and 130 
students. Pop. about 700. 

Greenville, p. v., Augusta co., Vlrg.: on South r., an 
aftluent of S. branch of Shenandoah r., 95 m. W. by N, 
Richmond. It contains mills, mechanic shops, and factoriea 
driven by water-power, several stores, and about 300 in- 
habitants. 

Greenville, p. o., Montcalm co., Midi. : 46 m. N. W* 
Lansing. 

Greenville, p. v., and cap. "Washington co., JI/7.5.5. ; on 
the E. bank of the Mississippi r., opposite Point Cliicot, 91 
m. N. W. Jackson. It contains a courirhouse. etc., and a 
few dwellings. 

Greenwich, t. and p. v.. Fairfleld co., Conn.: the most 
south-western township in New England, 76 m. S. W. Hart- 
ford. Drained by Byrani, Mahamess, and other rivers, and 
bounded S. by Long Island Sound. Surface rough and 
uneven; soil generally fertile and productive. There aro 
three several parishes and as many villages in the town. 
The New York and New Haven R. R. passes through it, 
and there are several good landing-places on the Sound. 
Many persons doing business in New Tork city have their 
residences in this town, the growth of which has been rapid 
since the opening of the railroad. Pop, in 1S40, 3,921 ; in 
1S50, 5,040. 

Greenwich, t. and p. v., Hampshire co., Mass.: 06 m. 
W. Boston. Drained by Swift r. of the Chieopee, which 
affords extensive water-power. The t. has some raanufao 
tures. The principal v. is located centrally on Swift r., 
about 3 m. S. of Greenwich village. Pop. of t. S3S. 

Greenwich, t. and p. o., Cumberland co., JV. Jcr. : 4S ra. 
S. S. W. Trenton. Drained by Newport, Stow, Cohansey, 
Mill, and Pine Mount creeks. Surface level ; soil clay and 
loam, fertile and well cultivated. Pop. 1,15S. 

Greenwich, t and p. o., Washington co., J^. K ; 82 m. 
N. by E. Albany. Drained by Battenkill and other creeks 
of Hudson r., which bounds it W. Surface uneven : soil a 
gravelly loam. There are numerous mills and factories in 
the t., and a newspaper, the "Union Journal" (whig), is 
issued weekly. The Chamjtiain Canal i>asses along the 
Hudson. Pop. 3,503. 

GnEEXwioii, t. and p. v., Huron co., Ohio : 76 m. N. N. E^ 
Columbus. Drained by branches of Vermillion r. Surfaeo 
diversified ; soils deep and fertile. The v. is on the line of 
the Cleveland, Columbus, and Cincinnati R. R., 54 m. from 
Cleveland, and is a place of considerable business. In the 
t. there are numerous mills and several manufacturing o 
tablishments. and 1.050 inhabitants. 

Greenwich Village, p. v., Hampshire co., Mass.: an 
Swift r., 66 m. W. Boston. It lias some manufactures. 

Greenwood, p. v., Johnson co., Ind.: on the line of tho 
Madison and Indianapolis R. R., 10 m. S. Indianapolis 
The v, contains several st<ire8 and about 350 inhabitants. 

Greenwood, p. v., Marqnette co., Wise. : 61 m. N. by E, 
Madison. 

365 



GRE 



GRO 



Gekenwood, p. v., Caddo par., La. : 212 m. N. W. 

Baton Kouge. 

GitEENwouD, p. v., De Kalb co., Ala. : 152 m. N. by E. 
Montgomery. 

Greenwood, t and p, r., Oxford county, 3fe. : 46 m. "W. 
Augusta. Drained by ponds which arc the eourc'cs of 
Little Androscoggin r. The v., a small agricultural settle- 
ment, is situate in the S. part of the t. Agriculture, for 
which th5 soils are well adapted, is the chief employment 
of tlie inhabitants. Pop. 1,118. 

Gekenwood, p. o., Doddridge co., Virff. : 209 m. N. W. 
liicbniond. 

Gejzenwood, p. v., Carroll co., Mist- * S4 m. N. by it 
Jackson. 

Gehenwood, p. v., McTIenry co., Til: 1S2 ra. N, by E. 
Epringlield. 

Gkeexwood, t and p. o., Steuben co., y. Y.: 193 m. 
W. by S. Albany. Drained by Bennett's and other creeks 
of Canisteo r. Surface hilly and fine for graziug. Pop. 
1,1^0. 

Greenwood, p. v., Sumner co., Temu : 31 m. N. by E. 
Nashville. 

GREENWoon, t. and p. o., Columbia co., Penn. : 63 m. 
K. N.IE. Harrisburg. Drained by tributaries of Fishing cr. 
Surface diversified ; soil good for grass and grain. There 
are several mills and factories in the t., and 1,826 inhabit- 
ants. 

Greenwood, p. v., Jackson co., Flor.: 63 m. W. N, W. 
Tallahassee. 

Gkeenwoop. p. v., AbbcTille dist., S. Car.: 71 m. W. N. W. 
Columbia, or, by route of Greenville and Columbia E. K., 
65 m. from Columbia. 

Greenwood, v., Laurens dist, S. Car.: It m, N. "W. 
Columbia. 

Gur.ENwooD, p. v.. Union county, Ga, ; 142 ra. N. by W. 
Milledgeville. 

Grkunwood FirRNACE, p. o., Huntingdon co., Penn. : 66 
m. W. Harrisburg. 

Gekgokt's Mill, p. o., Gran\iUe co., A". Car. : 49 m. N. 
Ealeigh. 

Greigstille, p. v., Livingston co., X. T. : on the W. side 
of Genesee r., and on the line of the Genesee Valley Canal, 
204 m. W. by N. Albany. 

Greigsvillb, p. v., Preston co., Virg.: 1S7 m. N. W. 
Lichmond. 

Grenada, p. v., Yallabusha co., 3fi^9. : on the S. side of 
Yallabuslia r., 100 m. N. by E. Jackson. It is the seat of a 
United States Land OflBce, and has a newspaper, the " G. 
Cepublican" (whig), a weekly issue. Pop. about 400. 

Grey Rock, p. o., Hartford co., Md. 

GiiErs-\aLLE, p. v., Sullivan co., Ind. : S4 m. V,'. S. W. 
Indianapolis. 

CiRirpiN, p. v.. Pike counr}-, Ga.: 63 m. W. N. W. 
Millcdgeville. It is situate on the Macon and Western R. R., 
53 m. irom Macon, and 43 m. from Atlanta. This village 
has become a point of much commerce, and is one of ihe 
most important railroad stations in the State. Pop. 2,320. 

Griffin's p. o., Johnson county. Ark.: 86 "W. N. "W. 
Utile Rock. 

GRiFFiNsncEon, p. v., Culpepper co., Tirg. : on a brunch 
Of Hiipprdiannock r., 76 m. X. N. W. Richmond. 

Gini fin's Creek, p. o., Benton co., Ala. : 04 m. N. by E. 
Montgomery. 

Griffin's Mills, p. v., Erie co., A^ :^ .• on Cnzenovo cr., 
246 m. V,'. Albany. It has several saw and other mills, 
stores, etc., and about CO dwellings. 

Griffin's Mills, p. o., Lowndes co., Ga. : 157 m. S. 
MilU-dgeville. 
Griffith's, p. o., Nicholas oo., K-t/. : 63 m. E. Frankfort, 
GRiFFiTneviLLE, p. v., Cabell co., Viri/. : 243 m. W. N.W*. 
Eichmond. 

Griggstown, p. v., Somerset co.. X Jer. : on the E. side 
af Millstone r, 23 m. N. by E. Trenton. The Delaware 
266 



and Karitan Canal passes through iU It is a snuiU v. of 

some 12 or 15 dwellings. 

Guiggsvilij:, p. v.. Pike co., ///. ; 5S m. TT. by S. Spring- 
field. It is situate on the margin of a large undulating 
prairie, about 6 m. W. of Naples, on the Illinois river. 

Grimes county, TVar. Situate E. centrally, and contains 
1.2SS sq. m. Drained in the W. by affluents of Navasoto r., 
which forms its "W. boundarj'. and empties into the Brazos, 
which bounds it 9. W. ; in the E. and S. by branches of 
the Trinity and head streams of the San Jacinto, both 
which empty into Galveston Bay. Surface in the N. hilly, 
but elsewhere undulating or level, with small prairies; 
soil of the bottoms a deep, rich, black mold of inexhaust- 
ible fertility — oh the high land tliin, and in the prairies af- 
fords excellent grazing. On the streams are imiUL-nse for- 
ests of valuable timber— pine in the W., oak, cedar, and 
ash in the E. Sulphur springs and iron ore are found. 
Farms 217-; manuf. ; dwell. 405, and pop.— wh. 12,323, 
fr. col. 0, si. 1,650— total 14.00S. Capital: Anderson. 

Grdtestille, p. v., Grimes co., Tex.: 112 m. E. N.E. 
Austin City. 

GBiiTTiLLE, p. v., Berks co., Penn. : 66 m. E. Harrisburg. 

Grindstone, p. o., Daviess county, Mo. : 142 m. N. W. 
Jefferson City. 

Grindstone Point, p. v., De Kalb co.. Mo. : on Grind- 
stone cr., 144 m. N. "W". Jefferson City. 

Griswold, t. and p. o.. New London co., Conn.: 39 m. 
E. by S. Hartford. Drained by Pachaug r. and other 
Streams tributaries of Quinebaug r. Jewett City, a place 
of considerable manufactures, is situate at the confluence 
of the Pachaug, and is intersected by the Norwich and 
Worcester R. R. The water-power of these streams is 
immense. Pop. of t. 2,065. 

Griswold, p. v., Hamilton county, III. : 133 m. S. 9. E. 
Springfield. 

Griswold's Mills, p. o., "Washington co., A'! F. ; 53 m. 
N. by E. Albany. 

Griswoldsville, p. v., Jones co., Ga. : on the Central 
E. R., 24 ra. S. W. MiUedgeville. 

GRISwoLDs^^LLE, p. v., Franklin county, Mass. : 77 m. 
W. by N. Boston. 

Geoganstille, p. v., Rockingham co., X. Car. : S9 m. 
"W. N. VT. Raleigh. 

Groom's Corn-es, p. o., Saratoga co., X. Y. 

Gkooveeville, p. v., Thomas co., Ga. : about 3 m. "W. 
of Ocilla r., 176 m. S. S. W. MiUedgeviUe. 

Grosse Isle, p. o., "Wayne county, Mich.: 60 ra. S. E. 
Lansing. Grosse Isle, the largest island of Detroit Strait, 
is situate at its mouth and extends up the strait, interlock- 
ing with Fighting Island. It is S m. long and from 1 to 2 
broad, with a surface of about 12 sq. m. It constitutes tlie 
t. of Monguagon. 

Gross Tete, p. o., Iberville par., Za. : 36 m. S. Baton 
Rouge. 

Groton, t. and p. o.,Ncw London co., Ctm-n. : 89 m. S. E. 
Hartford. It occupies a peninsula jutting toward Long 
Island Sound, and bounded E. by Mystic r. and W. by 
Thames r. It h:is a good harbor on Mystic r., and some 
whaling find other shipping is owned here. The New 
London and Stonington K. Pv. passes tlirough'the t. Sur- 
face hilly and rocky; soil indifferent, except along the 
Thames. There are several villages in the t: Groton 
Bank, opposite New London ; Portcrsville, on the Mystic ; 
Paquonuck, and Groton Centre. Old Fort Griswold. one 
of the fortifications of New London Harbor, is on Groton 
Heights. A monument is here erected to the memory of 
the defenders of New London, who fell in the attack of 
Arnold on that place in 1751. Pop. of t. 8.742. 

Groton, t. and p. v., Middlesex co., Mas.i. : 81 m. N. "W. 
Boston. Drained by Nashua and Squanecook rivers, and 
it has a number of beautifid ponds. Surface diversified ; 
soils of extraordinary fertility. Groton is a t. of great 
wealth, and is the residence of many of the first families of 



GRO 



GUE 



Che State. At Groton JuacUon no less tiian six railroads 
form a union, divergina: in every direction. Here are im- 
mense depots, waruliousf^s, -etc., and a considerable v. 
Groton Cenlre is about 3 m. N. of this v. The t. has con- 
siderable manufactures, uiccbanie and machine shops. Its 
population has greatly increased of late years: in 1?40 it 
was 2,139, and in 1S50, 2.515. 

Grotox, t. and p. v., Grafton county, N'. ITaivp. : 39 m. 
N. N. W. Concord. Drained liy Bakcr*s r. ; and it has 
Bewral ponds. The river aflbrds ^vater-power. Surface 
diversitied; soil fertile. There is a small v. in the I., and it 
has some small nuinufae lures, but the people are chiefly 
egrieulturists. Pop. of t. 776. 

Gbuton, t. an<l p. v., Tompkins co., N. Y,: 129 m. W. 
AJbany. Drained by Fall and other creeks. Surface un- 
dulating ; soil, gravelly loam, and fertile. Tlie v., on a 
creek of Owasco Lake, contains several mills and manufac- 
turing est^iblishmeuls,and has about 4U0 inhabitants. Pop. 
of t. 3,343. 

Gkoton, p. o., Huron co., Ohio. 

Groton, t. and p. v., Caledonia county. Verm. : 16 m. E. 
Montpclier. Drained by Wills r. and its aftluenls. There 
are several large ponds in the t., at the outlets of which are 
fine mill-sites. Surface uneven ; soil various, but generally 
good for grass. The v. is on "Wills r., and has several milLi. 
Pop. S95. 

Gboton City, p. v., Tompkins county, N. Y. : 132 m. W. 
Albany. 

Gkocse, p. 0., Kane county, /^i. ; on Sugar cr., 147 m. 
N. N. E. Springfield. 

Gf-out's Coenehs, p. o., Franklin county, Mma. : 75 m. 
"W". N. W. Boston. The Termunt and Massaclmsetts R. Fv. 
has a station here, and at this point forms a junction with 
the ErattleEoro' Branch K. K., which diverges north, and 
the Amherst and Belchertown E. K., which goes south. 
There is a small v. here, with a tavern, etc. \ 

Grote, p. o., Chatham co., N'. Car. : 22 ra. W. Raleigh. 

Geove, t. and p. o., Alleghany co., N. Y.: 20G m. W. 
Albany. Drained by Cashaque and Canaseraga creeks. 
Surface undulating; soil sandy loam. Pop. 1,154. 

Grove Cbeek, p. o., Jones co., la. : on a creek of Mako- 
queta r. so called, .44 ra. N. by E. Iowa City. 

Gno-VE Faem, p. o., Henderson co., III.: 9S m. N. W. 
Bpringfleld. 

Gruve Hill, p. o., Clark co., Ala.: 103 m. "W. S. W. 
Montgomery. 

Grove Hill. p. o., Warren co., JV. Car. : on the N. side 
Of Fishing cr., 47 m. N. N. E. Kaleigh. 

Grove Hill, p. o., Page county, Virff.: 93 m. N. W. 
Eichmond. 

Grove Hill, p. o., Jackson parish, La. : 152 m. N. "W. 
Baton Rouge. 

Gbovelanp, p. v., Tazewell county, III: 56 m. N. 
Springfield. 

Grovkland, p. o., Essex co., M<tss. 

Grovelanp, t. and p. o.. Oakland co., Mich. : 67 m. E. 
Lansing. Drained by affluents of Clinton river. Surface 
mostly level. Timber is very abundant. Pop. 9S9. 

Grovelani>, t, and p. v., Livingston co., JV". K ; 201 m. 
W. by N. Albany. Concsus Lake Ilea on the N. E. corner. 
Drained by Canaseraga cr. of Genesee r. Surface elevated 
nnd ridgy ; soil, srtnd and clay loam. The Genesee Val- 
ley Canal passes through this t. to Danville. Pop. 1.724. 

Gkoveland, p. o., Fulton county, Ohio: 1'_'7 m. N. W. 
Columbus. 

Geoveland, P- v., Winnebago co., TTi^c. .■ 91 m. N. N. E. 
Madison. 

Geoveland Centre, p. o., Livingston co.. A''. Y. : 204 m. 
W. Albany. 

Grove Level, p. o., Franklin county, Ga. : 93 m. N. 
Milled geville. 

Grove Mount, p. c, Dyer county, Tenn.: 151 m. W. 
ZfashvUlc. 



Grovenor's Corners, p. o., Schoharie co., A' Y. 

Grove Port, p. o., Franklin co., Ohio. 

Grove's, p. o., Rush county, Ind.: 42 m. E. by 9. 
Indianapolis. 

Geovetos, p. v., Prince William co., Virg. : S5 m. N. 
Richmon<i. 

GnovEviLLr, p. v., Mercer co,, Al J'^r. 

Grubb's Mills, p. o., Putnam co., Imt : 40 ni. W. by S. 
Indianapolis. 

Grub Speinos, p. o., Monroe co., J/ws. ; 147 ni. N. E. 
Jackson. 

Gklndt county, III. Situate N. E., and contains 1524 
sq. m. The Illinois r. divides the county, running from E. 
to W.; the junction of Des Plaiucs and Kankakee rivers, 
which form it, being on its E. border. Surface undulating 
and prairie land ; soils rich, without much timber. Water- 
power abundant, and coal is fi)un<I. Sulphur springs exist 
in S. part. Farms 217; mauuf. 0; dwell. 543, and pop. — 
wh. 3,021, fr. col. 2— total 8,023. Cajntal : Morris. PnhUc 
Works: Illinois and Michigan Canal; Chicago and Eocfc 
Island R. E. ; Chicago and Mississippi E. R. 

Grundy county, la. Situate centrally, and contains 504 
sij. nu Drained by Black Hawk cr. and other aflluents of 
Cedar r.> which empties into the Iowa and MississippL 
Surface generally rolling, and soil productive, with some 
good timber. Unorganized in 1S50. 

Grl'ndt county. Mo. Situate N., and contains 451 sq. m. 
Drained by E. fork of Grand r., Waldon r., anrl other afflu- 
ents of Grand r..a branch of the Missouri. Surface mostly 
even, and soil ricli prairie or good pasture ground. Farms 
255; manuf. 5; dwell. 477, and pop.— wh. 2,756, fr. col. 1, 
si. 149— total 2.906. Capital: Trenton. 

Guadalupe county, Teic. Situate S. centrally, and con- 
tains 912 sq. m. Drained by Guadalupe r., which dirides 
it about equally, and is a large and important stream; in 
the N. E. by San Marco r., its N. E. boundary, and in the 
S. W. by Cibolo r., its S. W- boundary. Surface broken ia 
the W., but generally a rolling prairie; soil on the rivers, 
the characteristic black mold of the region, inexhaustible 
in its fertility ; between them sand ia mixed with it, but it 
is very productive. Cotton and the grains are abundantly 
produced; sugar-cane is also cultivated. Iron ore abouuda 
in N. and W., and deposites of lime, or chalk-beds, arc 
near the streams. Sulphur springs are in the S., and the 
streams are bordered wllh heavy timber. Farms 1"! ; 
manuf. 3 ; dwcU. 216, and pop.— wh. 1,171, fr. col. 5, si. 335 
— total 1,511. Capital: Seguin. 

Guadalupe. p. v., Victoria co., Tea:.: on the Guadalupe 
river, 122 ni. S. S. E. Austin City. 

Guaoalltb mountains, Tex.: a long range nf hills lying 
between the Rio Puerco, or Pecos, and the he--*iis of the 
Red, Brazos, Guadalupe, and Colorado rivers, wliich have 
their sources from its E. slope. These mountains abound in 
minerals, as iron, gold, silver, and others, and are clothed 
in immense forests of the finest timber. 

GuADAnn'E river. Tea:: one of the large rivers of the 
St:Ue. rising under the name of Gonz:de3 r.. from tlio E. 
slope of the Guadalupe Mountains. It is nrttcd for its sin- 
gular blue color, but the water when jilaced in a glass ap- 
pears quite limpid and pure. Its principal tributaries are 
the San Marco (a large stream), Peach and S;mdy creeks. 
Its navigation is interrupted by a reef at its mouth. It falls 
into Esperitu Santo Bay. 

GrERNSEY county, Ohio. Situate E. centrally, and con- 
tains 656 sq. m. Drained by Wills cr. and branches of 
Muskingum r. Surface hilly, and soils moderately fertile. 
The cultivation of the grape has been successful on tho 
elopes of its hills, which also atTord fine pasturage as well 
as numerous water privileges. Bituminous coal is dug 
largely, and tobacco much cultivated. Farnis2,2>;9; manuf. 
7^; dwell. 5.079. and pnp._wh. 80.273, fr. col. IG.^i — total 
80.4SS. Capital: Cambridge. I'ullic Works: the Cin- 
cinnati and Wheeling R. K. 

26T 



GUE 



GUY 



GfEST Station, p. o., Kussell co., Virg.: 232 m.W. S-W. 

Eichmond. 

GuiLDEKLAKD, t and p. o., Albany .covinly, jV. Y.: 9 m. 
W. N. ^\'. Albany. Drained by Norman's Kill. Surface 
level; soil of overage fertility. There arc several mills and 
factories in the t, but agrit-ulture is the chief occupation. 
Vo\,. 3.'J79. 

GciLDEijLASD Cektee, p. o., Albany co., X. Y.: 12 ni. 
■W. X. W. Albany. 

Guildhall, t., p. v., and cap. Essex co., Venn. : on the 
"SV. side of Connecticut r., 50 m. E. N. E. Montpelicr. Two 
bridges here span the r. Several small streams, on which 
arc mill-sites, drain the land. Surface, except near the 
river, uneven and rough. The v. on the Connecticut con- 
tains a court-house, jail, etc., and a number of substantia! 
dwellings. The t. is essentially agriculttu-al, and contains 
501 iuhahitantd. 

GciLFOKD county, 31 Ckir. Situate N. in W. part, and 
contains 603 sq. m. Drained by the heads of Haw and 
Deep rivers, by whose union Cape Fear-r. is formed. Sur- 
face elevated and broken, with many mill streams; soils 
generally productive, adapted to grazing, and the culture of 
grain and cotton. Farms 1,6SS; manuf 55; dwell. 3,04S, 
and pop.— wh. I5,S74, fr. col. 694, si. 3,1SG— total lJt,754. 
Capital: Greensboro. PuUic Works: N. Carolina K. K. 

GriLFORp, t. and p. v., New Ilaven co., Conn. : 86 m. S. 
Hartford. Drained by Monurikatue and other streams run- 
ning to Long Island Sound, wliich faces its S. shore. Sur- 
face diversified ; soil rich and fertile, being well cultivated. 
The borough of Guilford, incorporated in 1SI5, is located 
about 2 m. from the Sound, on an allnvial plain, and near 
the Menunkalue; its buildings are antiquate<l in appear- 
ance. Guilford Harbor is frequented by coasting and fish- 
ing vessels. This t. is much frequented for sea bathing, for 
which it has good accommodations, and the scenery in the 
Ticinity of Sachem's Head is wild and picturesque. Sev- 
eral manufactures are carried on in the t., but the people 
are generally employed in the fields or on the water. Pop. 
2.650. The New Haven and New London E. E. passes 
through the E, part of the town. 

GciLFoun. t. and p. v., Piscataquis co.. Me. : 67 m. N. N. E. 
Augusta. Drained by afiluents of Piscataquis r., wliieh 
passes through its S. territory. Surface diversified; soil of 
excellent fertility. The v. is pleasantly sited on the N. side 
of Piscataquis r., and has several mills, etc. Pop. S34. 

GiTiLFOBD, t. and p. v., Chenango county, N. }'..• hi m. 
■W. S. W. Albany. Drained by creeks of Unadilla r., which 
makes its E. boundary. Surface hilly and broken; soil, 
clay loam, and fertile. The v. contains several stores, and 
about 250 inhabitants; and in the t. there are several tan- 
neries and numerous large mills. Pop. 2,612. 

GciLFoKD. t and p. v., Medina co., Ohio: 94 m. N. E. 
ty N. Columbus. Drained by Chippewa r. and its branches. 
Surface diversified; soil deep and fertile, adapted to grain 
and grazing. The v. of Seville, at which the p. o. is kept, 
is a flourishing place, with several mills, stores, etc., and 
about GOO inliabitants. Pop. of t. 1,807. 

GuiLKOitD, I. and p. v., "Windham co., Term.: 108 m. 
S. by E. Montpclier. Drained by Green r. and several af- 
fluents of Connecticut r.. which afford water-power. Sur- 
face diversified ; soil the best. There is a mineral spring in 
this t., and also sever,il mineral deposits. The principal v. 
is located centrally, and there is another fliniring v. on 
Broad r. Guilford has several manufacturing establish- 
ments and 1,329 inhabitants. 

GciLFoiin. p. v., Dearborn co., Ind. : on the line of the 
Lawrenceburg and Upper Mississippi K. E., 76 m. S. E, 
Indian.ipolis. 

Guilford, p. v., Accomack co., Mrg. : 112 m. E. by N. 
Richmond. 

Guilford Centeb, p. v., Chenango co., N. Y. : 89 m. 
W. S. W. Albany. 

GuiLFop.n CEKTttE, p. 0., Windham co., Term 
263 



Guiney'8, sta. and p. o., Caroline co., Virg. : on the lino 
of the Eichmond, Frederick, and Potomac Pt. K., 13 hl Q. 
of Fredericksburg and 4s m. N. of Eichmond. 

Guionsville, p. v., Dearborn county, /nc?. ; 73 m. S. Ji 
Indianapolis. 

Gvup Mills, p. o., Montgomery co., Penn.: 83 m. li 
Ilarrisburg. 

Gulf PEAisn:, p. v., Brazoria co., T&o. : 174 m. S. E^ 
Austin City. 

GuLBTAjf, p. o., Davidson co., Tenn. 

Gulley's Store, p. o., Johnson co., K. Car. 

GuMBORouGH, p. o., Susscx CO., Dd. : 42 m. S. Dover. 

Gum BuANcn, p. o., Darlington district, S. Car.: 78 m* 
E. N. E. Columbia. 

Gr.y Creek, p. o., Dooley co., Ga. : on a cr. of Flint r. ao 
called, 93 m. S.W. Milledgeville. 

Gum Geove, p. o., Union county, Ky.: 173 m. W. by ^ 
Frankfort. 

Gu^ Lake, p. o., Barry county, Mich. .■ 40 m. "W. S. Vil^ 
Lansing. 

Gum Pond, p. o., Baker county, Ga. : 14 m. 8. "W^ 
Milledgeville, 

Gum Sphing, p. c, Louisa county, Yirg. : 38 m. N. W, 
Eichmond. 

Gum Sprino, p. o., Smith county, Tea>. : 213 m. N. ^ 
Austin City. 

Gum Swamp, p. o., Columbus co., N. Car. : on a cr. of 
Lumber r.. 112 m. S. Ealeigh. 

Gum SwAjip,p.o.,MariondisL, 5.Car.; 66 m. N.W. by I^ 
Columbia. 

Gum Tbee, p. c, Chester county, Penn.: 61 m. E. S. & 
Harrisburg. 

Gunter'8 Landing, p. t., Marshall co., AUi. : on the SL 
side of Tennessee r., at its most southerly bend, 123 m. N, 
Montgomery. It is one of the most important points in tba 
railroad system of the State, and here will terminate tlia 
Selma and Tennessee Elver E. E., and through it a general 
connection will be made with the railroads of Georgia and 
Alabama, and the North-west. At present it is a well known 
steamboat landing, and is connected with all the principal 
towns by lines of stages. 

Gustatus, t. and p. v., Trumbull co., Ohio : 157 m. N. I^ 
Columbus. Drained by Pymatuniug cr.'of the Shenango 
Surface undulating; soil of excellent quality. The v. Is 
a flourishing agricultural settlement. Pop. 1,237. 

GusTAvrs,p. 0., Greene co.,7"enH. ; on the S.side ofLicll 
cr. of'Nolichucky r., 212 m. E. Nashville. 

GusTixE, p. 0., Adams county, Ohio: 81 m. S. 8. "W^ 
Columbus. 

Guthrie county, la. Situate S. "W. centrally, and codt 
tains 432 sq. m. Drained by Upper Three r. and Eaccoon 
river, branches of the Des Moines, which runs S. E. into 
the Mississippi. Unorganized in lSc)0. 

GuTHRiESviLLE, p. v., Chester co., Penn.: 59 m. E. S. ii 
Harrisburg. 

GuTURiEsviLLE, p. T.,Tork dist., S. Car. : 66 m. N. by W, 
Columbia. It lies on the route of King's Mountain E, Ej, 
10 m. from Torkville. 

GuTTENBUEGH, p. V., ClaytoD CO., Ici. .* OH the "W. banfc 
of the Mississippi r., about 7 m. above the mouth of Turkej 
river, and 77 m. N. by E. Iowa City, 

Guyandotte, p. T., Cabell co., Virg. : on the Ohio r., at the 
mouth of Guyandotte r., 267 m. W. by N, Eichmond. It la 
one of the most important points of steamboat navigation in 
Western Virginia, and the great stage route to Winchestcf 
commences here. A railroad is also projected to Coving 
ton and the east generally. It contains several extensive 
stores, various mcchTinie shops, and about SCO inhabilanta. 
In the vicinity are found many relics of a former race of in* 
habitantfl, as bones, arrows, stone-axes, etc. 

Guyandotte river. Virg. : a large tributary of the Ohio, 
ft-om Virginia. It rises In Wyoming co. from the Great 
Flat Top Mountain, and flowing in a N. N. W. directioDi 



GUY 



HAG 



passes through Logan and Cabell couaties into the Ohio r., 
17 m. al'dve the moulli of Big San<Iy r. It is about 200 m. 
long. There are falls and rapida in this river, which furnish 
extensiivc water-power. 

Gut's Mills, p. o., Crawford co., Pemi. : 20S m. N. W. 
Ilarriaburg. 

GuYsviLLF, p. v., Athena co., Ohio: on the N. bank of 
Hockhocking r., 73 m. 8. E. Columbus. 

GwYNNED, t. anil p. 0., Monlgoniery co., Penn. : S6 m. E. 
Harrisburg. Drained by Wissahiekon and Towaincnsing 
creeks, wliieh afford mill-sites. Surface rolling; soil sandy 
loam. It has several mills and stores, and l,.*)?! inhabitimla. 

GwtNSKTT county, Ga. Situate N. centrally, and con- 
tains C41 sq. m. Drained by branches of Chattahoochee r., 
Its N. W. boundary, whiL-h runs S. W. intf) Appalaeiiicola 
Bay, and by Yellow r. and other heads of Ocmulgee and 
Oconee rivers, which run S. E. into the Atlantic. Sur- 
face elevated and mountainous, being the watershed be- 
tween the Gulf and the Atlantic. Soils good'on tliestreams, 
and proiluctive of wheat, corn, and cotton. Farms l.iiSO; 
manuf. '26; dwell. 1,G10, and pop.— wh. S,953, fr. col. 10, si. 
2,294— total 11, ^.'i 7. Capital: Lawreneeville. 

Gyi'sum, p. 0., Ontario county, i\'. K; 173 m. "W. by N. 
Albany. 



H. 



HABERsnAM county, Ga. Situate N. E., and contains 771 
iq. m. Drained N. E. by Savannah r-.W. by Chattahoochee 
r. and its branches. Surface elevated and mountainous, 
with mill-streams, good pasturage, and considerable timber. 
Soils in lower parts very good ; in higher, untillable ; wheat 
andcorit are ihe farming staples. This is in the mineral 
region, and the hills are rich in coal and iron, and gold is 
found. Farms To2; luanuf. 5; dwell. l.o;?S. and pop. — wh. 
7,5T5. fr. col. '2, si. 1,21S— total 3,895. Capital : Clarkesville. 

IIabolocuitio, p. o., Hancock co., Misa. : 122 m. 5. S. E. 
Jackson. 

IIackensack, p. Y.. and cap. Bergen co., K. Jer. : on the 
"W. side of^ IIackensack r., 76 m. N. E. Trt^nton, and 11 m. 
N. by W. Xew York City. It contains a court-house and 
CO. office, both of brick, 3 churclies, 12 or 15 stores, and 
about 1,1)00 inhahilanls. The r. is navigable for sloops up 
to this i)oint, ami the r. has considerable trade with New 
York. 

■ IIackes-sack. t.. Bergen county, JV. Jn\ : 73 m. N. E. 
Trenton. It lies between Hudson and IIackensack rivers, 
and is a rich agricultural town, and has several manufac- 
tures. Pop. 3,4.S6. 

Hackensaok river, N. Jer. : rises in Rockland Lake, and 
has a cotirpe of about 40 m. to Newark Bay. In its upper 
course it is a fine mill-stream : at IIackensack v. it meets 
tlie tide, and thence flows through a level marsh to its 
confluence. 

IIaoketttstown, p. v., 'Warren county, iV. Jer. : on the 
W. side of ilusconetcnng r.. 44 m. N. Trenton. The Morris 
Canal passes it a little to the "VV. It contains several mills 
and slnres, and about 400 inhabitants. 

IlArKNEY'8 Cross Koads, p. o., Chatham co., N. Car.: 
24 m. W. Raleigh. 

Haudam. t.. p. v.. and one of the capitals of Middlesex 
CO., Own.: 23 m. S. by E. Hartford. Drained chiefly by 
streams flowing int<i the Connecticut r., which makes its E. 
boundary. Surface uneven and nuigh; Ihe lands on the 
river, however, are smooth au'l tVrlile, tiiough not altogeilier 
alluvial. Soils generally gravelly loam. There are im- 
mense quarrie.s of freestone in the town, and large quanti- 
ties are aniuially exported. The v. contains a court-house, 
jail, etc. Top. oft. 2,2ft4. 

IIadpel's Point, p. o., Charleston disL, S. Car. 

Haddock's, p. o., Nassau county, FIq7\ : 172 m. E. by N. 
Tallahassee. 



Haddonfield. p. v., Camden co., 2^. Jer. : on the S. of 
Cooper's cr., 2S ni. S. S. W. Trenton. It contains several 
mills, etc., and about 400 inhabitants. 

IIaden's. p. o., Madison county, Ala. : 153 m. N. 
Montgomery. 

IIadenstille, p. v., Todd county, Kt/. : 16S m. S. 'W. 
Frankfort. 

IIadenstille, p.v.,GgochIand co..,Virg.: 31 m.W. N.W. 
Richmond. 

Hadley, t. and p. o., Lapeer co., Mich, : 46 m. E. by N. 
Lansing. Drained by the heads of Farmer's cr. of Flint r., 
which rise from many small lakes and ponds. Surface 
generally level, but varied ; soil, deep and rich vegetable 
mold. There are numerous water-mills in the toAvn, and 
several stores. Pup. S46. 

Hadley, p. v., Will co., III. : 14S m. N. E. Springfield. 

Hadley. t. ami p. v., Hampshire co., Mass.: 7T m. W. 
Boston. The Connecticut r. runs on its W. border, and is 
the recipient of two small mili-streams. It is connected with 
Nnrlhanipton by a bridge 1,0S0 feet lung. Hadley contains 
a large and fertile tract of alluvial meailow — in the E. part 
tlie land is elevated, and on the S. border is llolyoke range. 
Tobacco and broom-corn are extensively grown. The v. is 
I)uiiton two parallel streets extending across a peninsula, 
fi'rrned by an abrupt bend of the river, and called respec- 
tively East and West Street — each about a mile long, and 
each having a separate Congregational church. Hopkins 
Academy, an old, well endowed, and flourishing instilulion, 
is situate between the two streets. Hadley has several man- 
ufactures, but is most celebrated for its manufacture of 
brtioms, which are made by every farmer. Pop. of t. 1.9S6. 
Hadley was a retreat of the celebrated Goffe and AVhalley, 
two of the judges who condemned Charles I. : they remain- 
ed in seclusion here for more than 15 years, when Whalley 
died; GolTe died and was buried in New Haven sereral 
years after. 

Hadlev, t, and p. o,, Saratoga co., iV. V. : 44 m. N. by W. 
Albany. Drained by Sachndaga r., which here enters the 
Hudson r.. which latter makes its E. boundary. Surface 
hilly; soil in general fertile — some only fit for grass. Had- 
ley Falls, on the Hudson, a little above the confluence of Ihe 
Sacandaga. afford extensive water-power. Timber is abund- 
ant, and in the t. there are numerous saw-mills, and there 
nrL- also grist and other mills in operation. Pop. 1,012. 

Hadi-ev's Mills, p. o., Chatham co., X. Car.: 42 m. "W. 
Raleigh. 

Hadi.yme. p. v., New London co., Cimn. : on the E. side 
of C'Onneclieut r., 29 m. S. S. E. Hartford. It has some 
manufactures. 

Hadnot's, p. o., Carteret county, JV". Car.: 122 m. S. E. 
Raleigh. 

Haeelem, p. v., New York co,, J^. Y. .- on a plain on the 
S. side of Ilacrlem r., 7* ni. N. N. E. City Hall. It Ibrms a 
part of the twelfih ward of Ihe City of New York, and is 
connected therewith by the Haerlem R. R. and several lines 
of stages. It has numerous and extensive raanufaeluring 
establishments, stores, and mechanic shops, and wittiiu the 
village, on the avenues leading to it. or in its vicinity, are 
many elegant residences, chiefly occupied by persons doing 
business in the city. On the opposite side of the river aro 
several new subur!>an villages, which are rapidly filling up. 

H.vgaman's Mills, p. v., Montgomery co., i\^. }'. ,■ 32 m. 
W. N. W-. Albany. Here are several mills, and about 2i>0 
inhabitants. 

Hagep.'s Grovti, p. o., Shelby county. Mo.: SI m. N. 
JefitTSon City. 

Hageiistown, p. v., "Wayne co., Ind.: on the W. side 
of the West Fork of White Water river, 52 m. E. by N. 
Indianapolis. It is a thriving village of 603 inhabitants. 
The White Water Canal has its N. terminus here, and the 
villaKC is also intersected by Ihe Richmond and Newcastle 
R. R~ 

UAGEnsTowK, p. v., and cap. Washington co., Md. : on 

269 



HAG 



HAL 



the "W. Bide of Aulietam cr, 22 m. above ita confluence 
•R'itli tbe Potomac, and 87 m. W. N. W. Annapolis. Lat 
890 37' X., and lon^;. 77^ 85' W. The v. is located in a fine 
and flourishing agricultural district, of which-it js the centre, 
en<l is connected by the I'ranklin K. 11. with the railroads 
of Pennsylvania. It is 'well built, with regular and wide 
etrect/*, and contains a number of substantial public edifices, 
a court-house, jail, town hall, etc. It has seven newspa- 
pers, the '■ II. News" (neutral), the "• Herald of Freedom'' 
(whig), the '• n. Mail*' (dem.), the " People's Own'' (neu- 
tral), the "Torchlight" (whig), the " Ilepublican" (dem.), 
and iho " Casket" (neutral)— all issued weekly. There are 
two banks in the v. In 1S50 it bad 8.SS4 inhabitants, of 
which 435 were ftee persons of color and l^i slaves. 

llACiciwTowN, p. v., Preble county, Ohio : G4 m. W. 
Ci'lunibus. 

IIagersville, p. v., Bucks county, iVn«. ; 87 m. E. 
Ilarrisburg. 

Hague, p. v., Logan co., Ay. ; 147 m. S. "U*. Frankfort 

IIaguk, I, and p. v., Warren co., J\\ Y. : 67 m. N. Albany. 
Drained chiefly into Lake George, which lies on its E. bor- 
der. Surface somewhat mountainous, and forming fine 
grazing fields. The v. overlooks Lake George, and is a 
gniall aLjrricultural settlement. In the t there are several saw 
[in«i grist mills, and 717 inhabitants. 

Hague, p. v., "Westmoreland co., Virff.: 51 m, N. E. 
Ilichraond. 

11 AiNESBUBGH, p. V., "WarrcD CO., A''. Jcr. : 41 m. N. N.W, 
Trenton. 

Hainesville, p. v., Lake county, III.: 193 m. N. E. 
Bpringfield. 

Haixestillb, p. v., Clinton county, Mo. : 146 m. N. W. 
Jeflferson City. 

IIalnesville, p. v., Sussex co,, A'! Jer.: 62 m. N. by W. 
Trenton. 

1IA1.AWAEA, p. v., Chambers county, Ala. : on the or. so 
c-nlled, an affluent of Chatliihooebce river, 74 m. E. N. E. 
Montgomery. 

Halcyon, p. o., Westmoreland co., Penn^: 147 m. W. 
Ilarrisburg. 

nAi,CYo>"DALE, p. V., Scrlvcn CO., Get. : on the left bank 
of the Ogeechee river, 112 m. E. S. E. Milledgeville. The 
Central (Georgia) E. K. passes through it 50 miles from 
Sa van nub. 

Hale, p. 0., Ogle co., lU. : 152 m. N. Springfield. 

Hale, t. and p. o., Hardin county, Ohio : 54 m. N. W. 
Columbus. Drained by head streams of Scioto r. Surface 
varied ; soil rich and productive. The Mad Eiver and Lake 
Erie R. K. passes through its N. W. corner. Pop. 423. 

Hale's Eddy, p. v., Broome co., K. Y. : on the Delaware 
river, 92 m. W. S. W. Albany. By route of the Erie E. E. 
(on which it has a station), it is distant from New York 1S2 
miles, and from Dunkirk 2S7 miles. 

Hale's Eoud, p. c, Franklin co., Yirg. : ISS m. W. S. W. 
Eichmond. 

Hale's Mtlis, p. c, Fentress co., Tenn. : lOG m. E. by N. 
Kashville. 

HALEYSBur-Gn, p. v., Lunenburg co., Virff. : 49 m. S. W. 
Eiehmond. 

Half Day, p. o., Lake county, Jl?.: on the W. side of 
Desplaincs r., ISS m. N. E. Springfield. 

Half Moon, t. and p. o., Saratoga co.. A''. 3".; 18 m. N. 
Albany. Hudson r. on the E. forms ita boundarioa.in^hat 
direrlion. Surface varied ; soil sandy loam and clay. It 
has several mills and mechanic shops, and 10 or 12 stores, 
^riio Champlain Canal passes Uirough it, and also the 
Eensselaer and Saratoga E. E., and the Albany Northern 
E. 11. Pop. 2,78^. 

Half Moon, t and p. o., Centre county, Perm.: 76 m. 
W. X. W. Tlr-rrisburg. Drained by Bald Eagle cr. and 
Half Moon r., a branch of Spruco cr. Surface mountainous; 
6oil in the valleys, calcareous loam. It is situate between 
two ridgps of the AUeghaniei Iron ore, etc., ia abundant, 
070 



and there are several manufactories, mills, etc., in the tovtl 
Fop. 1,519. 

Halt Wat, p. o., Polk county, 3Io,: 93 m, S. "W* 
Jeff"erson Ciiy. 

Half-Wat HorsK, p. v., York co., Virg. .• 47 m. E. S. E, 
Eiehmond. 

Half- Way Peaieib, p. o., Monroe CO., la. : SO m. W. B. W. 
Iowa City. 

Halifax county, A^. Car, Situate N. E., and contains 
545 sq. m. Drained by Eoauoke r., which forms its N. and 
E. boundary, and Fishing cr., a branch of Tar r., which is 
its S. bouud.ary. The Roanoke is here navigable for largo 
coa:*ttrs, and makes marketing easy. Surface rolling vt 
hiily. Soil good; in parts very productive. Cotton, corn, 
and tobacco are the leading crops. Lumber is als'> ex- 
ported. Farms SC8; manuf. 4; dwell. 1,750, and pop. — 
wh. 5,763, fr. col. 1,872, si. 6,954— total 16,589. CapiUii: 
Halifax. Piillia Works : Wilmington and Weldon K. R. ; 
Gaston and Raleigh E. E. 

Halifax county, Tlrff. Situate on S. line centrally, and 
contains 765 sq. m. Drained by affluents of Roanoke r., 
which bounds it N. and N. E., and of Dan r., a branch of 
the Eoanoke. Surfate diversified with hill and valley, and 
covered in parts with fine pine timber. Soils generally pro- 
ductive. Tobacco is the staple. Corn and wheat are good 
crops. Farms 1,809; manuf. 21 ; dwell. 2,152. and pop.— 
wh. 11,006, fr. col. 504, si. 14.452— total 25,962. Capital: 
Halifax C. H. Public Works: Richmond and Danville 
E. R. 

Halifax, t. and p. t., Plymouth co., Mass. : 27 m. S. by li 
Boston. Drained by several ponds, the outlets of which 
afford water-power. Surface generally level ; soil of average 
fertility. The t. is located centrally. Pop. of t. "S4. 

Halifax, p. v., port, and cap. Halifax co., A'^ C«r.\' on 
the len. bank of Roanoke r., 7 m. below the great falls, and 
at the head of sloop navigation, 72 m. N. E. Raleigh. It is 
laid out with great regularity, and contains a court-house, 
jail, etc., and is a place of considerable trade. It h;i3 a 
newspaper, the "Roanoke Eepnbiicau'' (whig), a weekly 
issue. The Wilmington and Weldon E. E. passes the v., 
and by means of a canal around the falls, the Eoanoke is 
navigable fur boat3 130 miles above iL 

Halifax, t. and p. v., Dauphin co., Pcnn.: 16 m. N> 
Ilarrisburg. Drained by several creeks which enter the 
Susquehanna on the W. border of the X. Surface moui> 
tainous; soil red shale. The v. is on the E. bank of Sus- 
quehanna r., and has about 400 inhabitants. The t. has* 
severid grist, saw, and flour mills, and tanneries. Poji 
2 822. 

Halh'ax, p. v., and cap. Halifax co., Virg. : on the S. 
side of Bannister r., 87 m. S. W. Richmond. 

Halifax, t. and p. v., Windham co., Term. : 106 m. S. 
Montpelier. Drained by Green and North rivers, both flno 
mill-streams. On a branch of North r. is a succession ol 
cascades, extending 100 rods, with falls of 15 to 20 feel 
each. Surface elevated and uneven ; soil fertile and well 
adapted to grazing. The principal v. Is situated toward 
the south. Pop. of 1. 1,133. 

Halifax, p. v., Wilson co., TeiiTi. : 23 m. E. NashviUa 

Hall county, Ga. Situate N. E., and contains 651 sq. m. 
Drained by Cbattaiioochee r., which intersects the N. halt 
Surface in the S. E. much broken by a range of hills or- 
mt^nntains, in the N. and W. more even, with some mead- 
ows. Soil on the rivers very fertile, yielding good crops of 
tobacco, wheat, and com; on the higher land is good graft- 
ing. It has mineral resources, though but partially d» 
vclopcd. F.aruis G97 ; manuf. ; dwell. 1,800, and pop.— 
wh. 7,570, fr. col. 7, el 1,33ft— total 8,713. Capital: Gainea* 
ville. 

Hall, p. o., Lawrence county, Mo. : 142 m. S, W, 
Jefl"erson City. 

Hallettsville, p. v., Lavacca eo., Tex. : 67 m- S, K 
Austin Cil^'. 



HAL 



HAM 



Halloca, p. v., Muscogee co., Ga.: 113 m. W. S. W. 
MiUe.IgevUle. 

Uallowell, t. aud p. c, Kennebec county, Me. : 3 m. 
S. by W. Augusta, Aid facing on Kennebec r., which ia here 
navigable. It i5a good farming section, and boa excellent 
mill-power. The t. lies on the river bank, with which the 
principal streets run parallel, and these are crossed at 
right angles by others which rise in grade to 200 feet back 
from the stream. The business street on the river has 
numerous substantial briclc 'warehouses and stores, aud 
many of the dwellings are built with neatness and taste. 
Vessels drawing 9 feet water come up to the wharves, and 
regular steamboats ply between lliis place and Portland and 
Boston. It has also numerous vessels employed in the 
coasting trade. The principal exports are lumber, granite, 
etc. ; the granite quarries have been worked fur upward of 
30 years, and yield a beautiful building stone of a light 
color and easily wrought. A newspaper, the " H. Gazette," 
is issued weekly. Pop. of the t. 4,7G0. The Kennebec and 
Portland E. 11. passes through the v., and has its present 
terminus at Augusta. 

IlALLOwnLL Cross Eoads, p. o., Kenuebeo co., Me. ; 4 m. 
V\. by S. Augusta. 

Hallsa's Creek, p. c, Nodaway co., Mo. : 192 m. N. W. 
Jefferson Cily. 

Halls BOEoLGn, p. v., Powhatan co., Mrg.: S5 m. S. Vf. 
Frankfort. 

Hall's Corners, p, v., Ontario county, X. T.: IGO m. 
W. by N. Albany. The Canandaigua and Elmira U. K. 
passes through the v. 53 m. from Ehnira and 14 from 
Canandaigua. 

Hall's Corn-ek3, p. o., Allen co., In<:i. : 101 m. N. E. 
Indianapolis. 

IIall'3 Cross Roads, p. o., Uarlbrd co., Md.: 47 m. 
X. by E. Annapolis. 

Hall's Cross Koads, p. a, Franklin co., y. Car. ; 87 m. 
N. E. r.aleigh. 

Hall's Hill, p. o., Itutherlbrd co., Teim.: 29 m. S. E. 
Nashville. 

Hall's Stoke, p. o., Sussex co., Del. : 53 m. B. Dover. 

Hall's stream, X. 2/amp. : a small r. from the Highlands, 
forming the boundary between the United States and Cana- 
da, and is one of the sources of Connecticut r. By the treaty 
of 1542, it is made a part of the boundary untd it intersects 
the old line of 17S4, marked as 45° N. Iat.,but which is now 
ascertained to be a little N. of that pftallel. 

Hall's Valley, p. o.. Morgan co., Ohio: 67 m. E. by S, 
Columbus. 

Hallsvillb, p. v., Eoone county, Mo. : 81 m. N. N. "W", 
Jefferson City. 

Halt^ville, p. v., Duplin co., }>\ Car. : on the E. bank 
of North East Cape Fear r., 70 m. S. E. Raleigh. 

Halesville, p. v., Montgomery co., jV. Y. : 51 m. 
W. N. W. Albany. 

Hallsville, !>. v., Ross count}-, Ohio: 83 m. S. by E. 
C^ilumbus. 

Halltows, p. v.. Jefferson eo., Mrfj.: on the liiie of the 
Winchester and Potomac 11. li., 7 ra. from Harper's Ferry, 
and 129 ra. N. N. E. Richmond. 

HAL9ELL^^LLE, p. V., ChcstcT (lisL, S. Car. : 51 m. N. 
Columbia. 

Halsey's, sta., Caraj)bell co., Virg.: on the line of tho 
Virginia and Tennessee K. K., 5 m. W. Lynchburg. 

H ALSHY Valley, p. c, Tioga co., Js\ Y. : 132 m. W. S, W. 
Albany. 

Hambaugu's, p. o., ■\Vnrren ca, Vlrg.: li}6 ra. N, "W. 
Richmond. 

Hambcrc;, p. v., St, Charles co., Mo.: 66 m. E. by N. 
Jcffi-rson City. 

llAMBrRG. p. v.. Perry co., Ala.: a little lo Iho W. of 
Caliawba r., 01 m. "ff. N. V*'. Montgomery. 

HASiittniG, p. v., New London co., Conn. ; 83 m. 8. 8. E. 
IT.'irttnrd. It has considerable manufactures. 



Havbi-rq, p. T., Macon county, Ga.: 81 m. S. "W. 
Milledgeville. 

Hambosg, p. T., Clarke co., Ind. : on a branch of Sdver 
cr., 97 m. S. by E. Indianapolis. The Indianapolis and 
Madison R. R. passes it about a mile to the E., aud the 
New Albany and Salem li. li. about 2 m. to tho "W. 

Hamburg, p. v., Calhoun co.. 111. : on the E. side of the 
Mississii>pi r.. G3 m. S. W. Springfield. It has a good laud- 
ing, aud contains several industri;d establishments, stores, 
etc., and has a considerable trade. Pop. about 400. 

Hamburg, p. v., and cap. Ashley co., Arl: : 119 m. S, by H 
Little Rock. 

Hambueg, p. v., Franklin co., Mss.: 74 m. S. "W. by S» 
Jackson. 

Hamupeg, p. v., Preble county, Ohio: 67 ra. "W. by S. 
Columbus. 

Hamburg, t. and p. o., Livingston co., Mich. : 40 ra. S. Ei 
Lansing. Drained by nuraerous lakes and ponds eraptyiug 
into Huron r. Surface level; soils fertile, but frequently 
wet. The v. lies on the S. or left side of tho Huron. In 
the t. there are several mills, stores, etc., and 893 inhab- 
itants. 

Hambueq, p. v., Sussex co., N. Jer. : near the E. bank 
oftVallkiUr., 67 ra. N. by E. Trenton* It has several mdls, 
and about 200 inhabitants. 

Hambl'kg, t. and p. v., Eric co., Ji. T. : 257 m. "W. 
Albany. Drained by Cauquaga, Rush, and Smokes creeks 
of Lake Erie, which bounds it on the W. Surface undu- 
lating ; soil a fertile calcareous loam. Hamburg, Hambiirg- 
on-the-Lake, and East Hamburg are villages in this t. It has 
numerous saw and grist mills, and is a flue agricuUural 
country. On the lake are several convenient harbors for 
email craft. Tho Buffalo and State Line (Lake Shore) 11. IL 
passes through iL Pop. of t. 5,219. 

Hambueg, p. b., Berks co., Pcnn.: near the Schuylkill 
water-gap of Blue Mouutain, 53 m. E. N. E. Harrisburg. 
It is a place of considerable business, lying on the canal E. 
of the Schuylkill, and having tho Reading R. K. on tho 
opposite side of the stream. Pop. 1,035. 

Hamburg, p. v., Hardin county, Tenii. : 113 ra. S. W. 
Nashville, 

Hamburg, v., Frederick co., Md.. : at the base of Catoclin 
Mountain, Gl m. N. W. Annapolis. 

Hambcrgu, p. v., Edgefield dist,, S. Car. : on the E. side 
of the Savannah r., 73 m. W. S.W. Columbia. Augusta, tfrt., 
on the opposite side of the river, is connected by a bridge 
aud viaduct. The South Carolina R. E. and the Georgia 
K. R. connect here, the one extending to Charleston 185 m., 
and the other to Atlanta, 171 m., and W. to Montgomery, 
Ala., and Nashville, Tetin. Regular steamboats also ply 
on the r. The v. consists of two parts ; the lower town lies 
on the bank of the r., and is the business district, and the 
upper town stands on a height 60 or 70 feet above and back 
from the r., aud has many commanding situations. It la 
regularly laid out, aud contains many large stores and 
warehouses. It is a great cott'in mart, and has a large 
interior trade; and a weekly newspaper, the " H. Rcpub- 
lieaji'' (dem.), is supported. Pop. 647. 

UiVMBURGH-oN-TUE-LAKi:, p. v., Erie CO., N. Y.: on the 
E. shore otLake Erie, 257 m. "W. Albany. It is a consider- 
able V, of about 300 inhabitants 

Hauden, t, aud p. v., Nevr Haven county. Conn. .* S3 m. 
S. S.W. Hartford. Drained by Mill r., which affords water- 
power. Surface varies, the t being located between two 
ranges of hills terminating at East and "West Rocks, in tho 
vicinity of New Haven. There are several villages, chiefly 
engaged in manufactures. Hamden Plains, Cenffevillo, 
Ives' Mount Carmel, etc., are on the line of the New Haven 
and Northampton R. R., and TrVhitneyviUe ia located in tho 
wjuth-casl. Pop. ofl.2,16S. 

H,Aj.ii.EN-, t. and p. v., Delaware county, K. Y. : T2 m. 
"W. S. W. Albany. Drained by W. branch of Delaware r. 
Surface mo*mtaiuou8 and rugged ; soil, except in tho %'allcy 

271 



HAM 



HAM 



of ihe Delaware, not very fertile. The TUInge, a email 
agricultural setllcnieiit, lies on tbe N. bank of Ihe river. The 
L has several mills and etores, and 1,919 inhabitants. 
IJAUKB, p. v., Mason co., Ey. : 73 m. E. N. E. Frankfort. 
llAMEu*bviLLK, p. V., BroftTi CO., Ohio : 84 m. S. S. \V. 
Columbufl. 

Hamilton county, Flor. Situate N. on Georgia line, and 
conlains434 sq. m. Drained by Allapahaw r, which runs 
through it; Suwannee r., which is its ^•. andK., and Withhi- 
coochee r., its W. boundarj-. Surface low and level. Soil 
fertile, with some marshes, which favor the growing of 
rice, which, with cotton and com, are the chief products. 
There are mineral springs in the S. frequented by invalids. 
Farms 205; manuf. U ; dwell. 301, and pop.— \vh. 1,775, fr. 
col. 9, si. GS5— total 2,469. Capital : Jasper. 

Hamilton county, lU. Situate S. E., and contains 486 
sq. m. Drained by N. fork of Saline er., an ailluent of the 
Ohio. Surface level or moderately elevated ; soils of me- 
dium fertility, with marshes in parts. Corn, wheal, and 
oats are good crops; tobacco is also cultivated. Farms 417 ; 
manuf. ; dwell. 1,05S, and pop.— wh. G,810, fr. col. 52— total 
6,362. Capital : M-Lcansboro'. 

Hamilton county, Ind. Situate centrally, and contains 
412 sq. m. Drained by White r., a branch of the Wabash, 
and its adluenls Cicero, Stoney, Coal, Fall, an<l other creeks. 
Surface level or undulating, and the soil excellent. Mttst 
of the CO. was originally heavily timbered. Wheat, corn, 
and pork are Ihc chief products. P'arras 1,261 ; manuf. 16 ; 
dwell. 2,159, and pop.— wh. 12,504, fr. col. ISO— total 12,6S4. 
Capital: Noblesville. Pui/lic Works: Indianapolis and 
Peru K. U. 

Hamilton county, iV. Y. Situate N. E,, and contains 
1,064 sq. m. Drained by Indian r., a head, and Sacandaga 
r., a branch of Hudson r. on the E. ; and W. and S. by Bea- 
ver r., emptying into Lake Ontario, and branches of the 
Mohawk. Surface elevated and mountainous, sending nu- 
merous streams in ail directions, and covered mostly with 
the primitive forests. It has numerous lakes: Long. Bea- 
ver, I'iseco, Hound, and Pleasant lakes are noted for majes- 
tic scenery and fine fishing. Around these, and on the 
Btreams, the soil is producti\e; its character is eminently 
agricultural. Farms 201 ; manuf. 17 ; dwell. 407, and pop,— 
wh. 2,ls6, fr. col. 2— total 2,1S8. Capit<d : Lake Pleasant. 
Puhllc Works : Saratoga and Sacketi's Harbor li. li. 

Hamilton county, Ohio. Situate in S. W. corner, and 
contains 404 sq. m. Drained by Mill cr., and White Water, 
Miami, and Little Miami rivers, all affluents ijf the Ohio, 
which washes its S. border. Surface made up on the Ohio 
of a series of terraces extending back for some distance, one 
above another, with moderate ascents between, and ter- 
minating in a beautiful variety of hills and wooded valleys. 
Soil exceeding productive, and under high cultivation. 
Wheat and corn are easily and abundantly grown. The 
culture of the grape is extensive, and has proved very suc- 
cessful, both in quantity and quality, the wines manufac- 
tured comparing favorably with those of France. The vine- 
yards are among the most beautiful sights seen on the Ohio. 
Manufactures of every kind are carried on extensively, and 
its relations with Cincinnati and the Ohio make it one of 
the first counties of the State. Farms 2,502 ; manuf. 1,463 ; 
dwell. 21,021, and pop.— wh. 153,428, fr. co!. 8,420— total 
156,&43. Capital: Cincinnati. Fullic Workft: Little Mi- 
ami K. K.; Cincinnati, Hamilton, and Dayton E. R,; Cin- 
cinnati, lIiilsboro',and Parkersburg K. K.; Cincinnati and 
Marietta K. i:.; Cincinnati, Wilmington, and Zancsville 
E. K. : Cincinnati and Dayton (direct) U.K.; Ohio and 
Missis^ppi K. i:.; White Water Canal; Miami Canal, etc. 
Hamilton county, Teiin. Situate S. E., and contains 
615 sq. m. The Tennessee intersects it from N. to S., and 
its aflluents, Sauda and Chiekamauga creeks and Hiwassee 
river drain it. Surface in the E. broken or mountainous ; 
in the W. more even. Soils gt-norally fertile, and aihipted 
to grass and the grains. Some cotton is raised, and much 
273 



pork fatted. Farms 638 ; manuf. 10 ; dwell. 1,590, .ind pop. 
— wh. y,2l6, fr. col. lS7,sl.G72— total 10.075. Capital: Har- 
rison. J'tiOlic Work-i: Western anil ^antic i:. U. ; Nash- 
ville and Chattanooga K. ii. ; and Chaflanooga and Charles- 
ton K. K. 

Hamilton, p. v., and cap. Harris co., G<u : 101 m.W. S.W. 
Milk'dgcville. It is situate on the W. extremity of Oat 
Mount^iin, and contains a court-house, jail, etc., several 
stores, and about 800 dwellings. Pop. 1.496 

Hamilton, p. v., Mahaska co., 7a. ; on Des Moines r., 62 
m. S. W. Iowa City. 

Hamilton, p. v., Steuben co., Ind. : at the S. end of a 
small lake emptying into Fish cr. of St. Joseph's r., 136 ra. 
N. K". E. Indianaitolifl. There are large mills at the outlet 
of the lake. 

Hamilton, p. o., Lalayette county, WUc. : 51 m. S. W 
Madison. 

Hamilton, p. v., Shelby co., Tex.: on the W. bank of 
Sabine r., 266 m. E. N. E. Austin. 

Hamilton, p. v., Boone co., JCi/.: 59 m. N. Frankfort 

Hamiltun, p. v.^ and cap. Monrue co., Jliss.: above tho 
conQuenee of tbe Buttahatchie with Tombigbee r., 139 m. 
N. E. Jackson. 

Hamilton, I. and p. o., Van Burcn co,, Mich. : &i m. 
W. S. W. Lansing. Drained by Dowagiac r.,on which are 
extensive marshes. Surface level ; soil fertile. Pop. 372. 

Hamilton, t. and p. o., Essex co., Jla--is. : 19 m. N. N. E, 
Boston. Drained by a branch of Ipswich river. Surface' 
moderately uneven and diversified ; soil gencndly produc- 
tive. It has some manufactures. Pop. SS9. 

Hamilton, p. v., Martin co., X. Car, : on the left bank of 
Roanoke r., 92 m. E. by N. Kaleigh. 

Hamilton, t. and p. v., Madison co., 2i'. Y. : 89 m. W. 
Albany. Drained by the heads of Chenango r. Surface 
uneven ; soil, a fertile calcareous loam. The v. on Chenan- 
go r. contains numerous stores, mechanic shops, etc., and 
about 1,600 inhabitants. It supports a newspaper, the •• H. 
llefleetor" (dem.) issued weekly. It is the seat of Madison 
University, and the Hamilton Library and Theological Insll- 
tulion, the latter being the original instituli'jn, but now a de- 
partment of the former. It was founded 1S19, and in 1S46 re^ 
ceived a charter as a university. It is well endowed, and is 
in a highly prosperous condition. Tho University in 1S50 
had 9 professors, 127 students, 200 alumni, and a library of 
7,000 volumes; and the Theological Institution had 4 pro- 
fessors, 32 students, and a library of 4,000 volumes. These 
institutions are both under the Baptists. Pop. of t. 8,599. 

Hamilton, p. v., and cap. Butler co., Ohio: on the E. 
bank of Great Miami r., 92 m. W. S. W. Columbus. It is 
connected with Rossville, on the opposite side of the river, 
by a bridge. The v. has a court-house, jail, etc., numerous 
warehouses, stores, mills, factories, and mechanic shops, aad 
as a commercial and railroad centre is one of the most im- 
portant places within the State. Here a junction is formed 
between the several railroads from Indiana and the Cincin- 
nati, Hamilton, and Dayton K. U. ; and the Miami Canal 
passes through it. Pop. 3,207. Two newspapers are pub- 
lished here, the "H. Intelligencer" (whig), and the "H. 
Telegraph" (dem ), both weekly issues. 

Hamilton, p. v., Loudon co,, Virg. : 116 m. N. Richmond. 

Hamilton Cross Roads, p. o., M'Minn co., Te7in,: 123 
m. E. S. E. Nashville. 

Hamilton Landing, p. o., Jackson co., Tenn.: 67 m. 
E, N. E. Nashville. 

Hamilton Square, p. o., Mercer co., jV, Jer. 

Hamiltonville, v., Mifflin co., Pmin. : on the W. bank 
of Juniata r, and on the hne of the Pennsylvania Canal, 53 
m. W. by N. Harrisburg. It contains about 70 dwellings. 

llAML>rr, p. o.. Chautauque county, 3". Y. : 279 m.W. by 9. 
Albany, 

Hamlet, v. and sta., Providence co,, Ji. J. : on tho line 
of the Providence and Worcester R. K., 15 m. N. by W. 
Providence. 



HAM 



HAM 



Hahmelbtown, v. and sta., Burlington co., X. Jer. : on 
the Camdoi and Anil»oy R. K., 6S m. ft'om New York City, 
and 10 ni. from Philadi-Iphia. 

HA.MMOOK GiwvE, p. o., Crawfofd co., Gu. : 06 m.W. S.^W. 
Milled geville, 

IIa.vmond, t. nud p. v., St. Lawrence co., JV" V. ; 154 m. 
N. "W. Albany. Situate hi-lweeri Elnck Lake ami St. Law- 
rence r., and dralntd l>y their affluents. In the St. Law- 
rence, off tliu sliorc, are numl>ers of llie Thousand Isles. 
Surface generally levtl ; soil a fertile sand and cla-y. The v, 
contains about 2oi> in habit ants. In the t. tlu-re are nume- 
rous mills and several sUjres, and 1.S19 inhabitants, 

IIi)i.MoN'u''8, p. o., St. Joseph county, Ind. : 126 m. N. 
Indianapolis. 

Hammond's Milia p. o-j Steuben co., jV. )'. .• on Conboc- 
ton r., 1T7 m. W. S. W. Albany. 

IlAiiMoNosponT, v., Steuben co., ^V. Y.: at the base of 
Crooked Lake. 174 m. W. Albany. Il eontains lart^e ware- 
houses, Beveral mills, numerous stores, and altuul t>00 in- 
habitants. A steamboat plies to Penn Yan. 22 ni., and it 
communicates with Seneca Lake by Crooked Liikc Canal. 

Hammond's Stoi'.e, p. »»., Ansrin co., aV. Citr.: I(t2 m. 
g. W. Ilalei^h. 

IlAMM't-NDviLLic, V. and sta., Columbiana co., Ohio: on 
the line of the Cleveland and Fittsburg K. li., 5 m. tjom 
T\'ellsviIK% and 122 m. E. N. K. Columbus. 

IIammonto-v, p. v., Atlantic county, X. Jcr.: 42 m. S. 
Trenlon. 

IlAMMto'viLLE, p. v., Hart county, Ky. : 79 m. S. W. 
Frankf.irt. 

Hamort(JN, p. v., Chester county, Penn. : 62 m. E. S. E. 
ITarrisburg. 

Hampden county, Musfi. Situate S. AV., and contains 5S5 
sq. m. Th Connecticut diviilea it abuut u-qualty in its S. 
course, and it is drained by its affluents — AV. by West- 
fletd and Affawam rivers, and — E. by Ware and Chicopi^'e ; 
the Qi*niu-bau5 r. also rises in the K. Surface much diver- 
Biflrd : in the W. very liilly and broken, except on tho 
Btreains ; in the K. less broken, and pleasantly varied, and 
on the banka of the Connecticut a narrow strip of low, 
level meadows. These arc unsurpassed in ft-rlility and 
loveliness. Aside from them there i^ niueh prime land In 
botli sections nf the county. The W. has snmo timber ; but 
the great business is manufactures — these, hitherto eonfined 
to Palmer, Weslfield. Chicopee,and Spring(ieid,now find the 
greatest power at Holyoke, wliere a dam across the Con- 
necticut. Imill in 1S49. affords the best walcr-power in the 
Slate. There are cotton and woolen factories in Palmer 
and Chieopee; whip and cisjnr in Westfleld; and railroad 
car and locomotive in Springfield. Farms 2,616: manuf. 
883: dwell. 9.0«3, and pop.— wh. 50,T85. fr. col. 496— total 
51,281, Ca-piUd : Springfield. Pithlic Workft: Western 
R. It. ; Connecticut Piver P. K. ; Chieopee Falls Branch 
E. R. ; New Lnndon, Willimantic, and Palmer \\. U. : .\ni- 
herst and Belchertown K. P.; New Haven. Hartford, and 
Sprinfrfleld R. R. : and New Haven and Northampton R. R. 

HAMi'nE:^. t. and p. o., Columbia co., ir?-«'. ; 2l> m. N. by E. 
Madison. Drained by a head branch of Pock r. Surface 
rollinj;; soil deep mold and well wooded. Pop. 439. 

IIampditn, p. v., Marengo county, Ala. : 94 m. W. 
Montiromery. 

Hampden, t. and p. v., Penobscot co., Me. : 5f> m. E. N. E. 
Augusta. Drained by SowadahscooU r., wbieli affords w,i- 
ter-power. and the Penobscot river forms it.s E. boun'lary. 
Surface beautifully diversified ; sod fertile. The v. is situate 
at the confluence of the two rivers. C m. below IJangor. and 
carries on an extensive trade in timber and agricultural 
produce. Pop. oft. 3,195. 

Hampden, t. and p. o.. Geauga co., Ohio: 147 m. N. E. 
Columbus. Drained by afTluents of Grand river, which 
empties into Lake Erie"^ Surface elevated and diversified ; 
soil rich and productive. The v. is situate centrally, and is 
a small agricultural settlement. Pop. oft. 919. 

16 



Hampden -Sidney College, p. o., Prince Edward county 
Virg. : 62 m.W. S.W. Richmond. The College was found,- 
ed in 17S3, and in lS5fi had 6 professors, 1,500 alumni, 23 
students, and a library of SO,('Oi) volumes. A preparatory 
academy is attached to the College, 

Hampsiiii'.e county, Jfii-ss. Situate W, centrally, and con- 
Uiins 533 sq. m. Divided from N. lo S. by the (Connecticut 
river, and watered by its aflluents, which afford much 
waler-[)ower. Surface much broken in the W. ; in the E. 
hilly, and on the Connecticut r. a beautiful meadow. Soil 
in the middle rich meadow, producing great crops of corn, 
clovi-r. hay, broom-corn, and t(tbaeco ; in the W. excellent 
grazing laud, with fine dairies; and in the E. tine farms, 
except on the highest ground. Mount Tom and Mount 
Ilolyoke. with their adjacent ranges of hills, are well wood- 
ed, and much maple sugar is made. Small factories occupy 
most of the streams, and every kind of " Yankee notion" ia 
produeed. Much paper is made, and at E:isthampton are 
tlie largest ballon factories in the Ignited States. A rich 
lead ami silvor mine» closed by accident, has been reopened 
in Southampton ; zinc-blende is largely dug in Hatfield, and 
fine I>uildiug stone is found In Pelham. Farms 2,965; 
manuf. 819 ; dwell. 5,905, and pop.— wh. 35,4"5. fr. col. 327 
—total 35,782. CupUal: Northampton. PtihVic Works: 
Connecticut River R. R. ; Western R. R. ; Amherst and 
IJclcluTtown R. R.; New Haven and Northampton R. R, 

Hampsuire county, Vlnj. i>ituate N., and contains 83S 
sq. m. Drained by S. branch of the Potomac r., Great and 
Little Cacapou r.. North r., Patlerscm's cr., and other afflu- 
ents of the Potomac r, which forms ita N. boundary. It 
lies between the Blue Ridge and East Alleghany mount- 
ains, the latter intersecting the W. half. The surface is ele- 
vated and broken, affording many mill privileges, and ex- 
cellent grazing. All the grains yield finely in the numerous 
valleys, and the mountains are well timbered, furnishing 
material for many saw-mills. Farms 1,063; manuf. 57; 
dwell. 2,035. and pop.— wh. 12.3S9, fr. " >1. 214. si. 1.433— total 
14.036. CnpiUil: Ronmey. Public tVbrks: Baltimore and 
Ohio R. R. 

IlAMPsninE, p. v., Kane county, ///. : 172 ra. N. N. E. 
Springfield. 

Hampsuire, p. v., Lewis county, Tenn. : 53 m. S. W. 
Nashville. 

ITampstead, p. v., Carroll eo., 3rd. : 6 m. N. E. West- 
minster, and 55 m.N, W. AnnapoIiSf 

Hajcpstf,ad, t and p. v., Rockingham co., N. Wimp. : 33 
m. S. S. E. Concord. Drained by ponds, the outlets of 
which empty into Merrimac r. Surface generally level; 
soil hard and fertile. Pop. of t. 7S9. 

Hampstrad, p. v., King George co., Virg.: 62 m. N N. E. 
Riehmond. 

Hampton, t. and p. v., Windham co., Cmin.: 55 m. E. 
Hartford. Drained by a branch of Shetucket r.. which fur- 
nishes water-power. Surface diversified, and somewhat 
unev.'n : soil a gravelly loam- -fertile. The v. lies on an 
elevation, and consists of one long street, with about 60 
dwellings and other buildings. The t. has some manufac- 
tures and several stores. Pop. 92S. The New York and 
Boston (direcl) R. R. passes through it. 

Hampton, p. v., Hendricks county, InJ.: 13 m. "W. 
Indianapolis, and connected with that city by a plank-road. 

Hampton, p. v., Rock Island co., Jit. ; 126 m. N. N. E. 
Springfield. 

Hampton, t. and p. o., Saginaw co., 3f2i;h.: 64 m. N. E. 
Lansing. Il lies nn the E. side of Saginaw r., near its en- 
trance to Saginaw Bay. Pop. 546. 

Hampton, t. and p. v., Rockingham co., y. ITamp.: 41 
m. S. E. Concord. Faces S. E. on the Atlantic Ocean, and 
on its shore is a singular cliff, called the Boar's Head. The 
soil is ft-rlile. and about a flClh of the surface is salt marsh. 
It has a good harbor, and is engage{i in eoasting and fishing. 
The Eastern K. R. passes through the L 10 m, 9. Port&mouttL 
Pop. 1,197. 

7ti 



•HAM 



Hampton, L and p. v., 'WafUinston co., -V. }'. ; &S m. 
S. by E Albany. Drained by Poiiiinoy r., which separates 
It from Vermont. Surface diversified l>y hills and valleys— 
the valleys rich and prodactivc. Tlie v. Is a small agricul- 
tural settlement. In the L there aro several industrial es- 
lablisbmenta, and S99 inhabitants. 

Hampton, p. v., Adams Co., Pmn.: 22 m. 6. by W. 
Ilarrisbure. 

nA.MPTON, p. T., and cap. Elizabeth City co., Tiro. ; on 
the W. side of Hampton r., about a mile from its entrance 
Into Hampton Eoads, 74 m. S. E. Klehmond. It contains a 
eourt-house, jail, etc., about 20 stores of various descrlp- 
Oim.s, 1.50 dwellings, and 1,200 inhabitants. 

HAiiPToSBrEGu, t and p. v.. Orange co., .V: V.: S3 m. 
S. S. W. Alb.TOy. Drain*] by Murderer's cr. and Wallkill. 
Oie latter of which bounds it on the N. "W. Surface undu- 
lating ; aoU a fertile clay loom. The p. o. ia 4 m. N. of 
Goshen. Pop. of t. 1,-S43. 

riAMTTON Falus, t. and p. o., Koeklnshnm co., JK mimp. : 
f3 m. S. E. Concord. Situate immeiliaicly S. of Hampton, 
gnd divided from it by the r., from which it is named. In 
physical character, etc., it is similar in every respect to 
Hampton, from it was separated in 1702. Pop. 040. 

Ha-mpton roads, Tirg. : a branch of Chesapeake Bay 
off the month of James r., between Old Point Comfort on 
Oic N. and Wllloughby Point on the S. It has o sufficient 
depth of water for tho largest ships of war, .and is an im- 
portantnaval station. On Old Point Comfort is Fort Monroe, 
which mounts 385 gims, and on the opposite point Is 
Vort Calho-m, which will mount 2(j5 guns. Tiie worli at 
Old Point Comfort occupies an area of 06 acres, and includ- 
Iiia the ditch, TO acres, and Fort Calhoun aljout 7 acres. 
These forts completely command the entrance to the roads. 
nAMPT0svrLt.E, p. v., Surry county, JV. Car. : 122 m. 
\r. N. W. Ealeigh. 

Hasaner's ST0P.E, p. 0., P.andolph co., Arh. : 1Z7 m. 
S. X. E. Little liock. 

Hancilettvtlle, p. v., Dane CO., VTiso.: ^^ m. N. E. 
Madison. 

Hahcock county, Ala. Situate N. "W., and ctjntalns 
about 500 sq. m. Drained by upper branches of the Black 
Varrior r. Surface raoder.atcly uneven, and soil generally 
gooiL Com and cotton arc tlic principal agricultural pro- 
d::cls. Farms 1*4; mannf. 1; dwell. 251, and pop.— wh. 

■1,4S0, fr. col. 0, si. 62— t-ital 1 ,542. O 'pita! : 

Haxcock county, Ga. Situate E. centrally, and contains 
4S1 sq. m. Drained by branches of Ogccchee r., its E. 
boundary, and of Oconee r., its N. W. boundary. Surface 
diversifled, with some moderate hills ; .soil very productive. 
This is in the great cotton belt of Georgia, and attention is 
directed mainly to its cultivation. Farms 444 ; manuf 20 ; 
dwell. 761, and pop.— wli. 4,212, fr. col. 60, si. 7,306— total 
H,07S. Capital: Sparta. 

Uascock county, III. Situate ■«'., and contains T31 sq. 
m. Drained E. by branches of Crooked cr.. a tribnUary of 
He Illinois, and W. by affluents of the Mit-sissippi, which 
divides it from Iowa and Missouri. Surface rolling; soil 
(fertile, especially near the Mi.ssissippi; the E. has much 
prairie, and the county is deflcienl in timbeI^ though a belt 
of forest extends along the Mississippi. All the grains 
thrive, and manufactures are increasing. This will long be 
remembered as the chosen seat of .Joe Smith's adherents, 
and tlic Held of the Mormon difflcullies in l^iG. Their half- 
flnished temple remains to tell of the fanaticism and intoler- 
ance that in this, the lOlh century, could array an otherwise 
noble people against their brethren, because of their opinions 
on religion. FarmsLlGT ; manuf 43; dwell. 2,K35, and pop. 
— wh, 14,633, fr. col. 19_total 14,652. Capikil : Carthage. 
Hascock county. /«<?. Situate E. centrally, and contains 
aoS sq. m. Drained by Blue r. and Sugar and Brandywine 
creeks. Stu-face level or gently undulating, and generally 
Cmbered: soils rich, producing wheat corn, the grasses, 
fUs., in profusion. Famu 1,170; manuf. BC; dwell 1.6S5, 
274 



HAN 

and pop.— wh. 9.59,5, fr. col. 103-total 9.698. Capital; 
Greenfield. Public Work-^ : Indiana Central K. R., ludian- 
apolis and BLdlefontainc K. P.- 

IIascock county, la. Situate N. middle, and contains 578 
sq. in. Drained by Eoone r., a branch of the Des Moines, 
and tho heads of Cedar and Iowa rivers. But little settled, 
and nnorganized in 1350. 

Hakcock county, A'y. Situate N. In W. part, an.l cob- 
tains 16S sq. m. Drained by Black Fork cr. and Indian cr., 
afllucnU of the Ohio, which washes Its whole N. border. 
Surface conBiderably broken. Soil of average fertility. To- 
bacco is cultivated, large deposits of coal exist, and are 
wToughl successfully: iron ore is also found. Farms 319; 
manuf. lo ; dwell. 551, and pop.— wh. 3,216, fr. eol. 15, sk 
C23_total, 3,6*3. Capital : Hawesville. 

Hancock county. Me. Situate S. E., and contains 1,650 
eq. m. Dr.ained by Tuion r. and its branches. It has the 
Atlantic on the S., and Penobscot bay and river on tha 
TV'., which furnish it with good harbors. The coast is cov«. 
ered with many islands, some large, and the fisheries form 
an important branch of trade. The surface is somewhat 
hilly; timber and water-power abundant, and lumber tho 
great export Soil good ; wool is grown, and many p<> 
tatoes exported. Farms 2,271; manuf 205; dwell. 5.550s 
and pop.— wh. 84,843, fr. col. 29— total 84,372. Capital ) 
Ca^tinc. 

Hancock eonnly, J/7.W. Situate S., and contains 93S sqi 
m. Drained— E. by 'Wolf r., emptying into SI. Louis Bay, 
and— W. by liranches of Pearl r.. its boundary towarj 
Louisiana, a large navigable siream flowing into Lake 
Borgne. Surface rolling or low and level ; soil mostly uir- 
produetivo, with a growth of pine on much of it. Cotton 
and rice are the products. Farms 77 ; manuf 11 ; dwclk 
492, and pop.— wh. 2,444, fr. col. 12, si. 1,216— total 3,67a 
Capital: Shieldsboro'. 

Hancock county, OMo. Situate N. 'ST. centrally, and 
contains 52S sq. m. Drained by branches of Blanchard'8 
Fork of Maumee r. ami heads of Portage r.. both of which 
flow into Lake Erie. Surface undulating ; soil veo' produo- 
tive of all the grains, on which ranch pork is fattened. It 
is well wooded, and has several good mill streams. Farms 
1,6:30 ; maimf 35 ; dwell. 2.'24. and pop.— wh. 16.725, fr. eoV. 
26— total 16,751. Capital: Tmi\&y. PuifeU'wfe.vFinJ- 
lay Br.aneh li. II. 

ILuicocK county, Tenn. Situate N. E.. and contains 813 
sq. m. Drained by Powells and Clinch rivers, heads of the 
Tennessee. Mill-sites are nnmerous- and timber plenty 
and convenient. Surface much broken: soil fertile. Com 
wheat, and tobacco are the chief products. Farms 7S7 ; 
mannf 17 : dwell. 939, and pop.— wh. 6,443, fr. ooL 10, si. 202 
—total 5.660. Capital: Bneedsvillc. 

Hancock county, Tirg. Simatc in the extreme N., and 
contains 67 sq. m. Drained by affluents of the Ohio, which 
forms its N. and 'W. boundary. Surface uneven, favoring 
manufactures by the mill-sites it affords. Soils generally 
fertile, and adapted to grains and grazing. Bituminous coal 
is extensively found. F.anns SOC : manuf 20 ; dwell. 690, 
and pop.— w'h. 4,140, fr. coL 7, si. 3— total 4,160. Capital ■ 
Hancock C. II. 

Hancock, t. and p. o., Hancock ca, Me. : Tl m. E. by J) 
Augusta. Drained by sever.al streams falling into SkillinJ 
and Taunton Bays, arms of Frenchman's Bay, and theS. B. 
I>art of the t. is a peninsula, bounded by these waters. The 
v. is situate near the mi.ldle of the peninsula. Ilaneoct 
has some navigation, and is much engaged in Uie shorn 
flaheries. Pop. of t, 962. 

Hancock, p. v., 'VV.ashington CO., Mel. : on the N. side of 
the Potomac r., 112 m. N. W. Annapolis, and near the lino 
of tho Ballimore and Ohio E. E., 1'34 m. from Baltimore. 
Tlio Chesapeake and Ohio Canal also passes through it It 
Is the centre of a eonsider.able trade, and has great facilitir .^ 
of transporUation, which in the future may develop its dew- 
tiny. 



HAN 



nAN 



HA^•coCK, t. and p. v., Berkshire co., J/i.'w. ; 117 in. "U'. 
Boston. The t. lies on the Now York State Line, and is 
drained by brauclK'S of Kinderhook cr. nnd llousalonic r. 
Surface mountainous; soil exccllfnt for grass. It has 
numerous mills, ineclianic shops, etc., and within tie L there 
is a Shaker settlement. Pop. 7S9. 

Uancock, p. 7., De Soto co., 3fiss. : 158 m. N. Jackson. 

IIancOck. t. and p. v., Hillsboroujrh co., 2^^. Ilawp, : 2U 
m. S. W. Concord. Drained by branches of Contoocook r., 
which afford extensire water-power, and Long Pond, a con- 
Eiderable body of water, lies on the W. border. Surface 
oneveu and mountainous; soil fertile, adapted to grazlnir, 
with considerable intervale. The L has numerous emaU 
manufactures. Pop. 1 ,012. 

Hancock, t. and p. v., Delaware co., iT. }*. ; S6 ni. S, W. 
Albany. Drained by l*apacton or E. branch of Delaware 
4"., which Uu^t makes the S. W. border. Surface broken and 
hilly ; soil in the v. rich and fcrtHo. The t. lies on tbo 
Kew York and F.rio K. U., 174 m. from New York City, and 
at the junction of the branches of the Delaware, It was 
tirmerly called "Chehoeton," or -union of stre-ams^ and is 
now a T. of considerable Lra/le, and hafi about 800 Inhab- 
ll^nla. Pop. of L 1,793. 

Hancock, t. and p. v., Addison co., Verm. : 29 m. B. S. W. 
Mcntpeliur. Drained by head waters of Otter cr. nnd 
"White r., flowing in different directions. Surfaco hilly, 
hf'iug situate on the Green Mountain ran^o, nnd forming the 
djviding ridge between Lake Champlain nnd C^onnocticut 
river. It has a small central vlllng'". Pop. of t. 430. 

IIaxcock'h BniDGE, p. v., Salem county, -V. Jc^r..- on 
Ailoway's cr., tiO m. S. 8. \t. Trentoa It oonlaine a few 
st'Wes, and about 200 inhabitants. 

Hawdy, t. nnd p. o., Livingston co., JTk-A, ; 24 ni. R. S. E. 
Lansing. Drained by branches of C^odar r. Surface divcr- 
aiSed by hills; soil fertile. It is a fino farming t., and has 
Cacilities for milling. Pop. 4S4. 

IIak^yville, p. ¥,, Lycoming co., Pcnru : 77 ni. N. by TT. 
Ilarrisburg. 

U.,ucRinD's Landing, p. o., Monroe co., X, 1'. : on 
Genesee r.. 19S m. W. N. W. Albany. 

Hanqing ilocK, p. T., Lawrence co., Ohio : on the N. bank 
of Ohio r., i)0 m. S. S. E. Columbus. It is a principal ship- 
ping place f*r ihc iron of the region, and has several ex- 
tensive iron manufactories. It is about 5 m. below Irontun, 
which, on account of its being the terminus of the Iron E, li., 
will, of course, draw away the buijinoss of Hanging Pock. 
Its name is derived from a cliff of rocks about 400 feet 
high, which projects orer tho rear of Iho Tillage. Pup. 
i^jout 300. 

Hanging Eooe, p. o., Kershaw disL, & Car. : &X ra. 
K. N. E. Columbia. 

IIanging EocKjp. v., Hampshire co., Mrg. : on n branch 
•if Great Cacapon r., 137 ra. N. W. Eiehmond. On tlio 
stream, both up and down, tliere arc numerous mills. 

IlANHAnATcuiK, p. V., Stcwart CO., Go.: 117 m. S. '^. 
ililledgcville. 

IIasna's p. o., Sumner co., Tmn.: 81 m. N. N. E. 
Xashville. The railroad between Nashvlllo and Danville 
will intersect this i)oint 

IIanna's Mills, p. o., Mahoning oo., Ohio : 139 ru. N. E. 
Columbus. 

IIannegan, p. v., Cherokee co., Ala. : 143 m. N. by R 
ilontgomery. 

ILvnnegan, p. v.y Atchison co., Mn.: on nii* E. side of 
y ishnabatona r., an alll uent of tho Missouri r., 218 ul N. W. 
Jefferson Cily. 

IIasxeoas, p. o., Eush county, Ifid,: 83 m. 6. W. 
Indianapolis. 

HA^'^^BAL. p. v., Marlon en., Mo. : on tho W. bank of 
MUsissippi r., 92 m. N. E. by N. Jeffereon City. It is a place 
of considerable cntorpriso and business, and has sevnral 
large and commodious warehouses, stores, dwellings, etc. 
Papulation 2,230. Tho " "Western Union'^ (whig), and the 



'■ Missonri Courier'' (dem.), are newspapers issued weekly. 
This is the Eastern hiitial point of tho projected Hannibal 
and Joseph P. li. 

H.v>-siBAL, t. and p. o., Oswego co., IT. Y. : 14S m. 
W. N. W. Albany. Drained by several small creeks of 
Lake Ontario. Surface undulating ; soil sandy loam and 
fertile. The v. is an agricultural settJeraent of some 85 or 40 
dwellings. In the L are eeverol mills, and 2,S07 inhab- 
itants. 

Haknibal Cettre, p. T., Oswego co., JV. r: ; 143 m. 
W. N. ■\\'. Ali^any. 

ILvNOVER eonnly, Virff. Sitnale E. ctntrally, and con- 
tains Mt sq. m. Drained W. by South Anna r., whieh 
unites with North Anna to form Pamunky r., the lost two 
iHJunding it N. and flowing into York r., and S. by Chick- 
ahominy r., a branch of the James. Surface uneven, and 
in parts hiily ; soils very unequal, willj ranch excellent com 
and wheat land. Tobacco is grown in parts. Noted his- 
torically as Uie birth-place of Palrick Henry, "Wm. Henry 
Harrl'^on, and Henry Clay. Farms 608; mauuf. 32; "IweU. 
1,327. and pop.— wb. 6,541, fr. col. 219, bI. 8,393— total 15,153. 
Copitid: Hanover C. U. Public Woris: Virginia Central 
E. 11. ; Eichmond, Frederick, and Pot^iimac II. P., etc. 

Hasoteb, t. and p. o., Oxford co., 3f6. Pop. 366. 

Haxotee, p. v., Jo Daviess co., IlL : on Apple r., 173 m, 
N. N. W. Springfield. 

llANorET., T., Jefferson co., TnJ. : on the high bluffs of 
the Ohio r., 6 m. below Madison, and SI S. E. Indianapolis. 
Here is located H.iiover College, founded 1S29; in 1S50 it 
had a president, 9 professors, 120 alumni (of which 55 were 
minist<.Ts) 100 students, and a library of about 4,500 volumes. 
The V. contains about 120 dwellings, and, including stu- 
denlA. has about SOO inhabitants. 

lI.^j^OTEB, L and p. o., Jackson co., 3f7ch,: 41 m. S. 
Lansing. Drained by branches of Kalamazoo r. Pop. 931. 

Hanovek, t. and p. v., Plymouth co., M<jss. : 22 m. S. S. E. 
Postuu. Drained byPembrofce and other streams, which 
unite -m the E. border of the t. to form North r. ; these 
affnrd fine wattr-p^wer. It has considerable raanufaeturiug 
eitabli^hments, and a population of 1,592. 

UANo^XIt, U and p. v., Grafton co,, N. Haynp. : t>l m. 
N. W. Concord. Drained by streams falling into Oonneelicut 
r., over whicii is a bridge connecting it with Norwich. 
Surface pleasantly diversified; soils fertile. Moose Mount- 
ain, an elevated ridge, crosses the t. in a N. and S. ilirection. 
There are eeveral islands in the Connecticut belonging to 
Hanover. Tlie v. is situate on a plain half a mile E. of 
tho r., and is a place of some consideration for its general 
industry and its great college, Dartmouth College was 
I'l.undi-d in 1769, and has a medical department, founded 
1797, both of which are in high repute as setts of learning. 
In ls^>0 the college had 9 professors, 3,675 alumni, of which 
T5S ha<l entered the ministry, 225 students, and a library of 
22.400 volumes ; and the medical school had 6 professors, 50 
tiudent.'^, and SOO graduates. Many of the most distin- 
guished statesmen, literati, and physicians of tlio Union 
claim this institution as their al/mi nuit€}\ and among 
these may be mentioned Daniel Webster, Franklin Pierce, 
Eufus ChoatCi Nathaniel Hawthorne, and other illustrious 
men, whose names are household worils with their coun- 
trymen, The principal buildings of the v. arc erected round 
a square level area of 12 acres, and the remainder stand 
on different streets leading from tho green in all directions. 
A monthly religions paper, the " Parents' Monitor," is pub- 
lished here. Pop. of t 2,352. 

Hanovi:k, t. Burlington co., N. Jer. : 26 m. S. E. Tren- 
ton. Drained by Black's and Crosswick's creeks, and a 
branch of Raucocus. Surfaco level ; soil sandy loam and 
sand. It has several iron-worivs, distilleries, grist and saw 
mills. Pop. 2,247. 

IIasover, t. and p. v., Morris co., K Jer. ; 47 m. N. N. E. 
Trenton. Drained by Wbippany and Parsipany rivers 
branches of Eockaway r., which runs on Lho N. border of 

M5 



HAN 



HAE 



the t Surface diversified, in the N.W. Uilly ; »oil, clay loam 
amlUv " The V. is „«.r the Pa:-aic r., and oanla.ns 120 j 
iir,:,: The U ..as several iron..orKs and „... ,nanu- , 
feelures, including w<x,len, eellon, paper, etc, and numcr 
o>.s grist and .aw mills. I'op- ».«"»• ^ 

Uanovek, I. and p. v., Cl.au.au„ue CO., .V 1 • • -^ ■"; ^ " 
Albany Drained chiefly by Silver cr., au.l CalUrau-us r 
U nds U „n .he ^^, and on the N. W. LaWe Kne .ur - 
broken and hilly ; .oil on Ihe lake shore and o la sire, m, 
verv ferlile 'Ihe v. Is a small selllemenl. Ihis t. is nuteu 
Ir^J, Un.ber. U has considerable -anufae>ur« and 
enjoy, n.any water privilege, lor --Kat.o.y-'' J-'''"^- 

-rr^f^^'^.^^;«T^s;-Por. 

"Tll.ovt 'u'atd p. o., Liek,ng Co., OUo : 41 n>. K K E 
ColumbT'iraineS by' Licking r., which "."» ""-f ;.^^ 
Surface senerally level ; soil dark loam and sand, v er ler 
cue The- Oiro Canal runs alou, the valley ofthe Uck.ng, 
Lnd M SCeubenviUe and Indiana K. K., on the oppo- 

'^:l^;l, y^^ic^riv,..: on a branch of Cone- 
ZT". ^ 'usquehanna r., 31 m. S. Harrisburg. It ., a 
• bt^dy nourishing place w,.h several --f ^■J:';-' -' J'".! 
J„ newspapers, the " 11. Spectator" au.l the 1 . Gazette, 
both weekly issues. Pop. l.'Wu. A branch of the Bait,- 
more and ti .squehanna It. K. comes up to the borough. 
"hIn'vbb. I v., Coosa CO., AU..: 4. m. N. Mon.gomer 
lUKOVBK, p. v., and cap. Hanover co., .rg. ...ar la 
mnnky r., and on the line of the \ ,rg,..,aC,enlra 1.. 1.., b 
ni. N. Eichmond. It contains a court-house, ja.l, etc., ajid 
about 200 inhabitants. 
lUsovER Cemue, p. v., Grunon co., N. Uamp. . 6S m. 

N W. Concord. ..^ -kt i-* 

H\>ovBE NsoK, p. 0., Morris co., K. Jer. : 4S m. N. N. i. 

"^HixovxaTON p. v., Clumbiana CO., Ohio: on the line 
/r:Zy^rl Be'aver Canal, lis tn. N. K Colu.bu. 
It eonlahis warehouses, numerous stores, mdls, etc., and 
about ^M inhabitants. A branch of the Clevehand and 
Pittsburg It. K., lim. long, comes up t.5 the vdlage. 

IlA-vsos, t. and p. v., Plymouth co., J/.-.«. •■ 23 m. b. ». K 
Boston. Drained by a branch of North r attd several 
ponds, it lie, in the vicinity of extensive beds ol ,ron ore, 
and n.anufaetures largely ship anchors, nads carriage 
springs, eastings, etc. Pop. 1,21T. The Old Colony U. K. 
passesthroughlIanson,PJm. from Plymouth. 

HAhSON, p. v., Mariim county, Mo. : S'i m. N. K. E. 
Jefferson Ciiv. „, , , 

lU.soNv,t.LB, p. v., Kussell CO., Virg. : on the W. brattch 
of llolston r., 268 m. W. by S. Uichmon.1. 

Hap Hazaed, p. o., Catahoula par., La. : 122 m. N. W. 

Baton Eouge. ore ^ ir 

IlAfPT Valley, p. o., Carter oonnty, n»n.: 25S m. E. 

Nashville. , ... . , . 

llAKALsoN, p. v., Coweta Co., Ga.: on the \\ . side of 
Flint r., Ja m. W. by N. Millcdgev.llc. 

llAEBon Ceeek, t aM,l p. o., Erie Co., Penn.: 216 m. 
N W. Ilarrisburg. Draine.l by several streams of Lake 
Erie, which forms its N. boun.lary. Surface broken ; s.id 
of average fertility. The p. o. is situate on the hne of the 
Erie and North-east It. K., 7 m. from Erie. Pop. 2,098. 

HABn.,a UiL... Queens Co., A'. Y. : the highest po.nt of 
land 0,1 Long Island, hing in the t. of North Hempstead. 
It is 819 feet above the Atla.itic Ocean, from which U .3 
visible 25 miles, 

Hari.kman county, Tenn. Situate S. W., and contains 
912 »<i. m. Drained by Big Halchle r., a tributary of Mis- 
sissippi r.,aii.i its branches. Surface mostly level or slightly 
broken, with a light and san.ly soil. There are good water 
privileges and some timber. Cotton is the staple, though 
the grains produce largely, and tolwceo pays well. Parnis 
l,uJ7; mimul. 64; dwell. 1,735, and pop.— wb. 10,350, ft. 
276 



col.8S.sl.7.10S-toUllt,m Gti..-^;.-BoUvar. PMu: 
B-„,...: Memphis ami CharlesU,n !■• ^- ^^^ ^. 

r^""7lXZ: .1? a,.d " ;^ am;.en.s of Ohio r., which 
r,ra,nedbj salim er.a ^^^ ^^^^^^^ ^^^^^^^^^^ 

;', .',.^ 1 ;as -ige. Lead and iron are abundant. Water- 
w„h S-<' -"^-.^ 820; mauuf. O: dwell, iio. and pop.- 
171 £T:. c ,:V^llal 2,SSG. C,piua : Elixabethtown 
i;:;!.; county, /«. SUnate N. centrally, and eonUim, 
STO^q m. inlersected by the Iowa and drained by its af- 
(1,.,-uUi Mostly unsettled. Unorganized in 1^50. 
' li>- eouiity, K,. Situate N. centrally, and e.ui.ains 
4.30 sq. m. Drained by P.oUing Fork of Sal r. and salt r 
wli di bounds it N. E., and Nolin and P.ough creeks, 
branches of Green r., all which flow into the <»no i,nr- 
^ much diversifled ; soil fertile-.vheat. corn, and tobae^ 
are staples. Many sheep and eatt e are -ised. lar,^ 
1,406: manuf 50; dwell. 2,005, and P"P--"1>- J^;"f' „' 
col 48, si. 2,459-total 14,625. C.j>ital : Lluabethto^n. 
Public iro,-fa; Nashville and Louisville L. K. 

HAUI..S eoun.v, Ohio. Situate N. W. centrally, and eon- 
tai^^s ^ sq. m. Drained centrally and S. by the saoto 
r nd 1 bJanch of Miami r., and. in the N. by Blanob- 
ard-s f..rk of Maumeo r., an affluent ol Lake Erie. -Siir- 
faoe elevated, but not much broken; soils ferule, and 
dtpled to grain and grass, with good timber in par«. 
Farms 753; manuf. 26; dweU 1,403, and POP--^'"- ^f J', 
fr col. 14- otal 8,251. CopiUU ; Kem..ii. PM.C YiorU. 
Miul Uiver ami Lake Erie U. K. ; Ohio and Indiana B. E., 
and Indianapolis and Bellefolitaine E. E. , . , , j, 

lUKOiN county, Tenn. Simate s. W., and contains 1 1>« 
sn m Drained by numerous creeks of Tennessee r which 
l^iwtth" ugh it from S. to W. Surface varied, with some 
rr marshes; soil good and kind to the grains, which con- 
st tnrtiesLples. \'ol.aceo and cotton are raised in smaller 
qamltles. Farms 690; manuf. l^-.^^-'J-^J^f ' ^ '»f. 
Iwh, 9,040, fr. eol. 31, si. 1,257-total 10.325 UpU<a. 
Savannah. PuUic ir«to / Memphis and Charleston L. K., 
and Nashville and Memphis E. K. 

Hakd.h, p. v., Shelby co., Ohio: on Frith cr., 6» m. 
W N W. Columbus. . ,„ . . 

iuEPlN. p. v., and cap. Calhoun co., lU. : on the W . side 

of lUinois r., 66 m. S. W. Springflel I. 

llAUDiN, p. o., AUemakee CO., la. : U2 m. N. low^ Cit % 

ABm.«L„r:a,v., Dearborn eo., /»■/. : - '^e W. sido 

f r., „i Mi-imi r 2 in. N. Lawrenceburg and 80 m. ». E. 

i:«r IMS also on the ime of Uie White Water 

'nt.,WsPoi.T, p. v., Mississippi CO., ^r..;13Sm. 

N E. Little Eock. „- 

HAUotNovLLE, p. V., Glouccstcr CO., A. ./«.. 8, m. 

S. by W. Trenton. r,,; . ts m 

IlAiibiNsnuiiGn, p. v., Washington county, I^ul.. 78 m. 

^■;;lt::nrr:V., Montgomery county, m. 47 ~ 

^•S.».rS*'p.v.,andcap.Brec...^dgec..,^: 
about half a mile E. of Hardin's cr. »"1 ''^ "• J, ^^;,^; 
Frankfort. It eonu.ins a court-house, jail, etc., and about 
800 inhabiUint.*. . .u- 

ii.„nis-'* Tavekv, V. o.. Albemarle co., rtrg. . on IM 

llAKbl-NS 1AM.K>. 1'. > 7«m W N. W. Ech- 

line of the Virginia Central L. E., 73 m. w. i>. 

"""''' „ si,„mv en Kii. ■ on Benson cr. of 

UARnixsviLLE, p. v., Shelby CO., Jiy. 

Kentucky r., 9 m. W. S. W. Frankfort. , , . ^ „ ^ 

Hardstonky, p. o., Stewart county, 0,a. . 114 m. S. w. 

Milledgeville. TVoreester co., ilms. : 61 m. W. 

IIAKUWICK, t. and p. v., W orcester co., ^ 
Bo.,ton. Draine.! by branches ol Ware '•.«'"'-" "" 
along its S. border and furnishes water-p.,wer surface 
diversiflcd ; soil of ..r.linary fertility. The v. situate cen- 
trally, has two ehurehes and about 250 inhabitants. Pop. 
1 of t" 1,631. 



HAR 



HAR 



Habdwick, t. and p. v., Caledonia co., Verm. : 24 ra. 
N. N. E. Montpelier. Drained by Lamoille r. and Us irilm- 
Utrics, which have extensive water-power. Surfuce rolhnj;:; 
soil productive. There are Several sulphur springs in 
the t. The v. is ou Ihe N. bank of Llie Lamoille. Pop. of 
I. 1,403 

IIardwick, v. and port of entry. Bryan co., Gti. : 147 m. 
6. E. Milk-dgfville. it is a port with coniniercc. 

Haedwici^ville, p» v., kelson Co., Viri/. : SS m.W. by N. 
Kivlimoud. 

IIaedv county, Vir{/. Situate N., and contains I.IGS 
Bq. m. Drained by North Brnnrli of Potomac r., its N. W. 
boundary', South lirancli of Poloinac, which, with nutner- 
OU6 branches, flows through the middle, ami K. by Caca- 
pon r. Surface mountainous, with the Alleghany ridge iu 
the W., and Slienandoali arid Branch mountains in the E. 
and S., whicli, with the streams lo which they give rise, af- 
ford the best of waler-powtr and of timber; soil rich iu the 
valleys, witli goi)d pasturage on llie hills. Beef, pork, and 
wool are exported. Farms 723; manuf. 49; dwell.. 1,327, 
and pop.— wh. 7,930, fr. col. 3o3, si. I,2ij0-Iotal 9,M3. 
CapiUfl : Mourefield. 

Uafjoud county, Md. Situate N. E., and contains 442 
sq. m. It has the Susquehanna for it.s N. E. boundary, 
Chesapeake Bay its S. E., and Little Gunpowder r. itsS.W.. 
and is drained by their anUieuIs. Surface iu tlie S. low and 
flat, with many arms of the bay ; in the N. elevated, stony, 
and hilly, with many fine water privileges; soil much di- 
versified — in the S. loam and clay predominate, and all 
parts arc excellent grass lands. Deer cr., flowing into the 
Susquehanna, has perpendicular banks of stone from 200 to 
300 feet high ; limestone and granite are found, and rich 
iron ore is abundant. Farms 1,278; manuf. 72; dwell. 
2.977, and pup.— wh. 14,413, fr. col. 2.777, si. 2,106— total 
19.356. Oiijital: Bel-Air. Piihlic Works: Philadelphia, 
"Wilmington, and Baltimore li. R. ; Tidewater Canal ; Phil- 
adelphia and Ballimore (direct) It. K. 

IIarfoed, t. and p. v., Cortlandt county, X. Y.: 124 ra. 
W. by S. Albany. Drained by East Owego or. Surface 
uneven ; soil fertile, sand and clay loam. The v, is a small 
settlement on the W. side of the creek. Pop. of t, 949. 

Harford, t. and p. v., Sus<[uchanna co., Ptun. : IIS m. 
N. "S. E. Ilarrisburg. .Drained by branches of Tunkhan- 
nock cr., which afford great water-power. Surface diver- 
sified : soil adapted to grass. The v. is a small but neat 
place. In the t. there are some manufactures and 1,302 
inliabitant:^. 

Uaeguave, p. v., Copiah county, Miss. : 37 m. S. S. "W. 
Jackson. 

IlARGnovr.'ri Tavern, p. o.,Nansemond co., r//v- •' 74 m. 
S. E. Kichmond. 

IIakuinsville, p. v., Anderson dLst., ,$■ Cur.: 113 m. 
W. N. W. Columbia. 

Haui.an county, Ky. Situate S. E. corner, and contains 
95i sq. m. Drained by the head and many branches of 
Cumijcrland r., whicli runs through ii from N. E. to S. "W. 
Cumberland Mountains form its S. E. border, and the sur- 
face is elevated and mountainous, with fine foresti* and 
abundant Avater-power ; soil in the valleys productive and 
generally good iiasiurage. Farms 535; manuf. 0; dwell. 
667, and pi>p.— wh. 4.Ui9, fr. col. 36, el. 123— total 4.2<3S. 
Ckipital: Uarlau. 

Harlan, p. v., AiU-n co., Ivd. : loO m. N. E. Indianapolis. 

Harlan, p. v., and cap. Harhin co., Ky. : on the Cum- 
l^rland r.. IIS m. S. E. Frankfort. It contains a court- 
house, jail, etc., and about 350 inhabitants. 

Harlkrsville, p. v., Marion disl., S. Car. : on the W. 
Bid*- (tf Little Pee Dee r., lUO m. E. N. E. Columbia. 

llAr.LEM, p. o., \Vinnebago eo.. III.: on "Willow cr. of 
Kock r., 177 ui. N. by E. Springfield. 

IIaelkm t. and p. v., Delaware co., Ohio: IS m. N. N. E. 
Coluujl'us. Drained by branches of Big Walnut and Big 
Lick creeks. Surface elevated and divcrsifled ; toil moder- 



ately fertile. The v. is situate in the 8. W. part of the t., 
and is a small agricultural sct'lement. Pop. 1,1S2. 

Haklkm river, X. Y. : a strait conneetmg the East r. 
with Hudson r., and forming the N. boundary of New York 
county. Ita western terminus has the name of Spuyten 
Tuyvil cr. The whole is about 9 ra. long, and is crossed by 
Several bridges, and also by High Bridge, or Croton Aque- 
duct, one of the finest works in the Union. 

Harle-m Spuing, p. o.. Carroll co., Ohio: 5 ra. S. E. Car- 
rolllon and luS m. E. N. E. Columbus. There is a noted 
mineral spring at this place, said lo have remedial properties. 

Harlicmvillk, p. v., Columbia co., N. Y.: 31 m. S. by E. 
Alb:tny. 

IlARLRNSBtrRiin, p. b., Lawrcncc county, Penn.: 193 m. 
W. N. W. Ihtrrisburg. 

Harlevsville, p. v., Montgomery co., Petvi. : 84 m. E. 
Ilarrisburg. 

Haellnokn, p. T., Somerset county, jV. Jer.: 16 m. N. 
Trenlon. 

Har-mar, p. v., Washington co., Ohio: on the S. side of 
Muskingum r.. opposite Marietta, and at its confluence with 
tlic Ohio. SS ra. E. 8. E. Columbus. It is the site of old 
Fort Harmar, the first fort erected by Americans in Ohio, 
and is named after its commander. It is a flourishing placa 
of about 1.200 inhabitants, and has several mills and manu- 
factories, for which it has abundance of watt^r-power from 
the dam on the Muskingum ; steaniboata are also built here. 

IIarmarville, p. v., Alleghany co., Penn.: 177 m. W. 
Ilarrisburg. 

HARMONsnrEGii, p. b., Crawford eo., Pmm.: on Con- 
neaul cr., at the N. end of Conneaut Lake, 212 m. W. N.W. 
Ilarrisburg. 

Har.monv, p. T., Clay co.. Jnd. : 64 m. S.W. Indianapolis. 

Hat-monv, f. and p. o.. Somerset co., Me. : 49 m. N. by E. 
Augusta. Drained by Higgins' and Maine streams, which 
empty into Moose Pond, the source of a constituent <:)f Se- 
bastieook r. Surface divcrsifled ; soil fertile and adapted to 
wheat. The are two villages in the t. Pop. 1,107. 

Harmony, p. v., Washington eo.. Mo, : on Courtois cr. of 
Maramec r., &3 ni. S. E. JeflTerson City. 

Harmony, t. and p. v., Warren co., X. Jer,: 43 m. N.W. 
Trenton. Drained by tributaries of Delaware^ r. Surface 
diversified ; soil generally good. The Delaware forms the 
W. border of tlie t. The v. is a small settlement of some 
30 dwellings. Pop. of t. 1,564. 

Harmony, L and p. v.. Chautauque eo., X. Y. : 2S9 m. 
W. by S. Albany. I>rained by Little Broken Straw cr., 
running S. into Pennsylvania, and Goose cr. and other 
streams into Chautauque Lake, which lies on its N. E. 
border. Surface rolling; soil, sandy and gravelly loam, 
with some clay. The v. is a small settlement on the lake. 
In the t. there are numerous saw and grist mills, tanneries, 
etc. Pop. 3,749. 

Harmony, p. o., York dist., S. Ciir. : 77 m. N. Columbia. 

Harmony, p. v., Kent co., 3rd. 

Harmony, p. o., M'Henry co., HI: 173 m. N. N. E. 
Springfield. 

Harmony, p. o., Elbert county, Ga.: 87 m. N. N, E. 
Milledgeville. 

Hakmony, p. v., Halifax co., Virg. : on an affluent of 
Dan r., 109 m. S. W. Richmond. 

Harmony Grove, p. o., Jackson co., Ga. : 82 m. N. by W. 
Milledgeville. 

Harmony Valb, p. v., Sussex co., X. Jer.: 74 m. X. 
Trenlon. 

Harnagevillr, p. v., Cherokeo co., Ga. : on Etowah r,, 
136 m. N. N. W. Milledgeville. 

Harnedsville, p. v., Somerset county, Perm.: 113 m. 
W. by S. Ilarrisburg. 

Haeolu, p. o.. Montgomery co., Ark.: on Washita r., ^ 
ra. W. by S. Little Rock. 

IIaio-ke's Frnav. p. v.. Jefferson co., Virg. : at the era- 
fiueuce uf tlij .-liouaodoab and Potomao rivors, .and wlivrc 

27T 



HAR 



Ihu united stream passes through the Eluc Ridge, 122 m. 
N. by W. Richmond. Its scenery is most niugnifleent. The 
V. contains several considerablo mauufactures, and has uu- 
nier.ras large and well-stoclted stores. A national armory 
is aUo located hero, which has immense workshops, and in 
which are manufactured eycrj variety of small arms and 
criuipmeuts. Among other products in IS50 were O.COO 
percussion muslteU and 10,8:36 mu-kels altered to percus- 
sion. Tho river is here spanned by a lino bridge nearly 
600 feel long, and the Baltimore and Ohio E. U. passes 
through it, SS m. from Ilallimore, and the Winchester and 
I'oloinac n. U. commences here. Along Ihc N. bank of tho 
r. tho Chosapeako and Ohio Canal has lis course. Top. 
iti l->.'iO, 1,747. 

Uaupeu'b FiPJiT, p. o., Abbeville dist., & Oir. : on the 
Eavannah r., lOS m. W. by N. Cnlumhia. 

nAnrrBsnELD, t. and p. v.. Delaware co., y. T. : 49 m. 
VT. 3. W. Alliany. Drained by Charlotte an.l Delaware 
rivers. Surface hilly and broken; soil a dark fertile loam, 
and well cultivated. Tho t. h.is about 200 inhabitants. 
There are in the t. several grist and saw miUs, fulUug mUls, 
and tanneries. Pop. 1,604. 

IlAUfEUsruxD, t. and p. o., Ashtabula co., Ohio.: 163 m. 
TJ. K. Columbvis. Drained by Grand r., which runs through 
it. Snrfaee diversified ; soils rich ami fertile. It has sev- 
eral mills and factories. Unionville, on the Cleveland, 
Painesville, and Ashtabula E. R., is Uio principal v. lu the 
town. Pop. 1.279. 

HiiiPEii'B Home, p. e., Brunswick county, rirg.: 73 m. 
S. S. W. Richmond. 

IIaki'Eb's Miua, p. 0., Pendleton co., Viri/. : 1S2 m. N.W. 
Eicltmond. 

IlAiiPEr.sni.ii:, p. T., Shelby CO., Ala.: 70 m. N. by W. 
Jlonlgomcry. 

llArjEKSVilxE, p. T., Broome co. A'. Y. : on the TV. side 
of Susquehanna r., 108 m. W. S. W. Albany. Pop. about 
2C0. 

IlAKrirn, p. t., Wilhamson co., Tlnn.; -ii m. S. S. E. 
NaAhville. 

IIakeell's Stobe, p. 0., Ne-n Hanover co.. A'. Car. : 112 
m. 9. f>. E. Raleigh. 

1IAP.EELLSV11I.E, p. »., Hertford co., iV. Car. : 102 m. N. E. 
Raleigh. ' 

IlAKiiitrrrsTOWR, t. nnd p. o., Franklin co., jV. 1'.; 114 
m. N/ by W. Albany. Drained by Lower Saranac Lake and 
several other lakes and ponds forming tho sources of the Sar- 
an.ac and Racket rivers. Surface in the S. E. mountainous, 
otherwise varied; soil generally fertile, and timber is 
abundant. The v, has several slorci!, and about 40 dwell- 
ings. The t. is yet but sparsely settled and in a wilderness 
stale. Pop. 187. 

nAEMETisviLLi, p. T.,Uonroe CO., Ohio: IDS m. E. by 9. 
Cohunbds. 

IIakp.isotos, p. T., Cumberland eo., JT. Oar. : 6fi m. 
S. by W. Raleigh. 

llAiiKiKoTON, t and p. o., Washington co., J/c. ; 104 m. 
E. Augusta. The t occupies two peninsulas, having Pleas- 
ant River Bay on the E., and Narragaugua Bay on its W. 
side; and the rivers emptying into these, both of the same 
u:une, afford extensive water-power. I» has numerous 
mills, elc. Pup. 963. 

Hakkis county, Ga. Situate W. centrally, and contains 
414 eq. m. Drained by Long Canoe, Pino Mountain, 
and Mulberry creeks, affluents of Chattahoochee r., its VV. 
boundary. Pine Mountain crosses the N., and the surfaef 
is much diversilled. The soU is good, producing com aud 
the grains. Farms 878 ; manuf. 73 ; dwell. 1,175, and poji. 
— wh. 6,709, Ht. col. 80, b1. 7,983— total 14,721. Capital: 
Hamilton. 

IIap.kib county, Tfos. Situalo S. E., and contains 1.C.5C 

«q. in. Drained by Cedar B.aynu, its E. boundary : San 

Jacinto r., which flows through the E. half, Spring er., its 

I ranch, and M. lino of county ; Buffalo Bayou and its afllu- 

2TS 



HAR - 

cuts, Sims, Brays, Horse Pen, -While Oak, Hunting, Green's, 
and Carpenter's bayou.t, and by Clear cr., on its S. border, 
all of which empty into Oalveslon Bay. It is finely situated 
f.ir the transportation of its products, having Galvestoa 
Bay in the 3. E. and several large rivers; the' San Jacinto 
navigable 4i) m., Buffalo B.ayou 30, aud Cedar cr. 20, all deep 
streams, with scarcely perceptible currents. The streams 
are lined with forests, but most of the county is open prai« 
ric. wilh a rolling surface in the N. *rhe soil just on the 
coitst is of moderate fertility, but in the middle and M. eon- 
si.'^ls of a deep black mold, with a substratum of shells, and 
the E. h.is some of the best land in East Texas. lu timber 
is very valuable, consisting of pine on San Jacinto r. and 
Buffalo Bayou, aud elsewhere of magnolia, cypress, ccdais 
and several kinds of oak. Rotten limestone and beds of 
clay abound in the N. Cotlon is the great staple, but all 
the grains yield largely, and sugar is successfully cul>- 
tivaled. In the S. E. was fought the famous Battle of San 
Jacinto. Farms 197; manuf. 42; dwell. S-34. aud pop.— 
wh. S,76G, tr. col. 7, si. 905— total 4,C0S. Ci'intul: llouslou. 
PulUa Works: Houston and G.alveslon R. E., aud Bufliilfi 
Bayou, Brazos, and Ojlorado K. R. 

Haeeis, p. v., Louisa eo., Virg. : 47 m. N. W. Richmon.h 

IlABKisisnEGU, p. v., Fayetto co., Ind. : 60 m. E. by & 
Indianapolis. 

HABitisBUKon, p. T., Pontotoc CO., Miss. : 149 m. N. N. Ei 
Jackson. 

HAP.r.ismrEGii, p. T., Mocldenbufgh co., N. Car.: 127 in. 
\V. S. W. Raleigh. 

nABRisBtiEGn, p. T., AbbeviUo dist, S Car. : 108 m. 
W. by N". Columbia. 

ILvEBiSBUEGB, t. and p. o., Lewis co., N. Y.: 124 nh 
N. W. Albany. Drained by creeks, affluents of Black r- 
which afford water-power. Surface generally level ; soil a 
brown loam. There aro several mills and stores in tha k 
Pop. 1,36T. 

HiEEisBCEGn, p. city, and cap. Dauphin co., rmn., and 
capital of the State of Pennsylvania : on the E. bunk of 
Susquehanna r., in lat. 40° 10' N., and long. 70° 50' W., 110 
m. N. -SVashington. The river though voluminous is no! 
navigable here, except for rafts, which descend the cui* 
rent ; but it is accessible from all parts by ctnal of raif- 
road, and is a very Hourishmg interior market The city is 
built on elevated ground, and commands a varied and 
pleasant prospect of the surrounding country. Tho public 
buildings aro the Slate capilol, the court-house, the county 
prison, a Masonic Hall, the Lancaslerian school, churches of 
all denominations, some built at great expense, schoo^ 
houses, etc. The Capitol, or State house, is an imposing 
structure, consisting of a main building and two wings, 
each adorned with a portico and Ionic pillars; the central 
ediflco is ISO feet wide, 80 feet deep, and 108 feet from the 
ground to the t<ip of tho dome, and the whole is surrounded 
by an open area, adorned with two walks and an iron railing, 
llarrisburg has considerable manufactures and most of ths 
meehanicarls; its commerce is extensive. Tho press of 
llarrisburg consists of 1 daily newspaper and 7 published 
weekly; the daily is tho "II. American" (whig), of which 
there is also a weekly edition, and the weeklies are the 
"Vaterland Techier" (whig), the "Democratic Union'^ 
(dem.). the "Pennsylvania Telegraph" (whig), the "Ker» 
stone" (dem.), tho -'Church Advocate" (rolig.), and tho 
" Pensylvania Intelligencer" (whig). -Water is supplied to 
the city through iron pipes from a reservoir on Mouut Air^ 
into which it is elevated from the Susquehanna. The cily 
is lighted wiUi gas, and in its general police is one of the 
best conducted communities in the Union. Pop. in 1S20 
about 3.000 ; in 1830, 4,807 ; in 1540, 5,930, and in 1S50, 8,17*, 
llarrisburg bridge, over the Susquehanna, is a fine covered 
siruclure, extending to an island and thence to the opp<isile 
bank, 2,370 feet long, 40 feet wide, and 60 feet alwve the 

river, and below is tho bridge of the Cumberland Valley 

R. E., also a substantial structure. 



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HAKRiSKi'RGn, p. v., FrankUa co., Ohio: on Darby cr., 
14 ni. S. W. Culuoibua. 

Habris' Cross Koads, p. o., Franklin co., 2s\ Oir. : SS in. 
H"..E. lialt'igh. 

Uarris' Ferkt, p. c, 'Washington co., Oreg. : on Ihe 
Tualatin r., an affluent of the WiUamettej 36 m. N. by W. 
8ak'm. 

Uaekts Hell, p. o., Erie co., iV". Y.: 253 m.'W. Albany. 

Harris' Lot, p. o., Charles county, Md,: 47 m. S. W. 
Annapolis. 

Haruisox county, Ind. Situate S., anil contains 446 sq. 
ni. Drained by Ulue r. auj Indian and Bucic creeks, all 
afllucnls of the Ohio, whicli forms its S. E., S., and 8. \V. 
boundary. Surface rolling— in parts broken ; suil gowl— un 
Uie streams very productive, aijd occasionally barren, with 
thin soil. Sink-holes and caves occur in several i)ar!9. 
Corn, wheat, ami jiork arc the staple products. Farms 
1,650; manuf. 19 ; dwell. 2,545, and pop.— wlu 15,206, fr. 
col. 80— total 15,->S6. Cxipital: Corydon. 

Harrison couuty, 2a. Situate "W., and contain 496 sq. m. 
Drained by Little Siuux, Soldier, and Boyer's rivers, afllu- 
ents of the Missouri, which furnis its W. boundary. Unor- 
ganized in 1S50. 

lJ.uuutiON county, Ky, Situate N., in E. part, and con- 
tains 310 sq. m. Licking r., a branch uf 0\\\*^ r., crosses its 
Cs. E. comer, and its branches drain it. Surface diversified, 
affording good water-power. Suil very fertile, producing 
great crops of the grains, on which cattle, hogs, and sheep 
ere raised in hirgo numbers. Farms 1,130; manuf. 54; 
dwell. 1,753, and pop.— wh. 9,"S9, fr. col. 140, si. S,l&5— 
total 13,064. CapiUd : Cynlhiana. Public Kirrks : Lex- 
ington and Covington E. K.; and Frankjbrt and Coving- 
ton B. K. 

IIaeeison county, Mi^s. Situate 9., and contains 1,064 
sq. m. Drained by AVulf and Biioxi rivers in the* S., and in 
Uie N. by Bed and Liack creeks, aflluenls of Pascagouhi r. 
Surface mostly level, and in parts marshy; soil llglit and 
sandy, of moderate fertility, and covered with a growth of 
pine. Cotton is the export Farms S4 ; manuf. 19 ; dwell, 
t27, and pop.— wh. 3,378, fr. col. 56, si. 1,441— total 4,S75. 
CapiUd: Mississijjpi City. 

Harrison county, Mo. Situate N., and contains 792 
eq. m. It Ues between E. and W. forks of Grand r., a trib- 
utary of the Missouri, and is drained by their branches. 
BiU"face various, and soil generally fcrtdc and well wooded. 
Farms 141 ; manuf. ; dwell. 3S7, and i)op.— wh. 2,4^, &■. 
cpl. 0, si. 13— total 2,447. CapnUU: Bethany. 

Haukison county, Ohio. Situate E. centrally, and contains 
412 sq. m. Drained W. by branches of Tusoiirawas r., a head 
of Muskingum r., and E. by several small streams fluwicg 
E. into the Ohio. Surface very uneven, giving rise to nume- 
rous mill-streams and good water-power. Soil very pro- 
ductive, and tinely adapted to grain and grazing. Beef, pork, 
find wooij^re largely raised, and manufactures are exteu^iive. 
Farms 1,668 ; manuf. 74 ; dwell. 8,526, and pop.— wh. 19,370, 
fr. col. 2S7— total 20,157. Capital : Cadiz. Public Worfcs : 
Ohio Central R. K. 

Kaerison county, Tar. Situate N. E., and contains 1,0S2 
6q. m. Drained by Duffon's cr., Potter's cr.. Eight Mile cr., 
end other afliuents of Sabine r., its S. W. boundary, and 
Little and Big Cypress rivers, the latter its N. boundary, 
with Ferry and Caddo lakes, by the afHuents of which the N. 
ts drained. The streams .'ire small, but swift; surface almost 
level, with a gentle slope to the S. E., and, except a few 
prairies in the W., covered with a dense forest of huge 
pines, cypresses, elms, hickories, and oaks. Soil, except a 
few sandy ridgta in tlie N. W,, verji productive, consisting 
of rich black mold, with a substratum of red loam. Cotton 
yields great crops, and wheat as good or better. Excellent 
coalis found on the Sabine r. Farms 521; manuf. 13; dwell. 
9T2, and pop.— wh. 5,Ct)4, fr. col. 5, sL 6,213— total 11,S22. 
OJi'i't.!;.- Marshall. 

Uarrisox county, Virg. Situate N. W., and contains 459 



sq. ni. Drained by "W-fork of Monongahela river and its 
branches. Surface elevatci and broken, with fine mill* 
Blrenms ; soil very fertile. All the grains thrive, and much 
attention iri paid lo raising cattle and fattening pork. Maple 
sugar and tobacco aro among the products. Farms 1,093; 
manuf. 34 : dwell. 1,SC6, and pop.— wh. 11,214, fr. col. 26, sL 
4->S— total 11,72S. CupiUU: Clarksburg. Pullic M'orkSJ 
Nortli-westeru R. B. 

II ARtusoN. p. v.,^Vinncbago co., JU. : on the S. of Peck*- 
tonica r., 132 m. N. Spnngfield. 

llAKutsoN, t- and p. c, Cumberland county, Jfe. : 51 m. 
W. S. W. Augusta. It has Crooked r. on llie E., and on 
the W. Long Pond, or Cay of Naples. It is connected with 
Portland by Sebago Lake and the canal. Surface variottSj 
soil fertile, and adapted to wheat. Pop. 1,416. 

Harrison, p. o,, Washtenaw co., Mich. 

1Iarr[3on, Land p. o., 'Westcliester co., A'. Y.: 13S m. 
6. by E. Albany. Drained by Blind Brook and MamaronecS 
cr., which run S. into Long feland Sound. Surface level, 
but diversified; soil loam, and well cultivated. The p. o. 
is 26 m. from New York City, and the t. is intersected by 
(he New York and New Uaven K. K. Pop. 1,261. 

Harrison, p. v., llamilton co., Ohio: on the E. side of 
White Water r., and on llie canal, 105 m. W. S. W. Colui» 
bus. It is a fli'urishing v., with several mechanic shops, 
stores, etc., and about 700 inhabitants. A portion of the v. 
is within the limits of Indiana, ita main street being in the 
ilividiiig line of the two Stales. 

Hareison, p. v., and cap. llamilton co., Ttiin.: o& the 
led or S. bank of Tennessee r., 117 m. E. S. E. Nashvilla 
It contaiiLS a court-house. Jail, etc., and about 400 inhabit* 
ants. The projected railroad from Charleston lo Chattanooga 
passes thnmgb this place. 

IlAKRisosBCRGn, p. V., and cap. Catahoula par.. La. : on 
the W. side of Washita r., 97 m. N. N.W. Baloa Bouge. U 
contains a court-house, jail, etc., and about 200 inhabitaote, 

IlAKBiaoNBiTRon, p. V., aud cap. Bockingham co., Vlrg.: 
IIU m. N. W. liichmuad. It contains a court-house, Jail, 
etc., and has numerous stores, being the trailing centre 
of a large region of country. Two newspapers are published 
here, the '• Bockingham Begistor'' (dem.), and the '* Hias 
risonburg Bepublicau'' (whig), both weekly issu^^s. Pop. 
about 1,400. It is intended that the Manassas Gap E. & 
shall be carried from its present terminus at Front Eoyal, 
southward through Ilarrisonburgh. 

IIaruson City, p. v., Westmoreland co., Pemi. : 149 ns 
W. llarrisburg. 

Harrison's Mills, p. o., Crawford co., Mo. : on the E. 
side of Maramec r., 62 m. S, E. Jefferson City. 

Haurisos S^iUARE, p. V., Norfolk co., Mans. ; on the Uae 
of the Old Colony E. E., 4 m. from Boston- 

Harrison Yalley, p. o., Potter co., Peniu : 131 m. N.W. 
llarrisburg. 

Hakeisonville, p. v., and cap. Monroe co,, lU.: on flic 
E. bank of the Mississippi r., 113 m. a S. W. SpringQeli 
It contains the county oflieos and several stores. HercuU- 
Ufum lies on tlic opposite side of the river. 

Haruisonville, p. v., Shelby county, Ky. : 27 m. TT* 
Frankibrt. 

Hareison^ille, p. v., and cap. Cass co.,Mo.: on a forlC 
vi Grand river of the Osago, 113 miles W, Jefferson Cltjl, 
It euntiuns a cjurt-house, jail, etc., aud about 150 iuhal> 
itants. 

IIareison\tlle, p. v., Baltimore co., Md. : on the Ualoft- 
town Turnpike, 7 m. W. Baltimore, and 29 m. N. by "Ww 
Annapolis. 

HARaTsoN\aLLE, p. v., Gloucester county, N. Jer. : li m, 
S. by W. Trenton. 

Uarkisonville, p. v., Meigs county, Ohio. : 82 m. S. B. 
Columbus. 

Haerisonville, p. v., Fulton oo., P&nn. : 6S m.W. by S^ 
Harrisburg. 

HiaRL:>i\»a^, p. T., Waahington oo., X?ui^ .' on the line 

27'J 



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of the New Albany and Salem R. E., 80 m. from the former 
placf, and 79 m. S. Indianapolis. 

1IABRI6V1LLK, p. 0., MarqucltG county, ^Visc. : 52 m. N. 
Madison. 

Haekisville, p. v., Montgomery county, A". Car.: SO m. 
W. S. W. Kaleigh. 

Habrisville, p. T., Cheshire co., N. Ilamp. : 78 m. S.W. 
Concord. 

Habristille, p.v., Harrison CO., OAw: in the 8.E.comer 
of the county, 110 m. E. byN. Columbus. 

llARinsviLLE, p. v., Butler co., Pmn. : 1T9 m. W. N. W. 
Ilarrisburg. 

IIabp.isvillk, p. T., Brunswick co.yVirg. : 51 m. S. by "VV. 
Eichinond. 

HARBoiwnrBGU, p. v., Monroe co., Jiid. : 54 m. S. B. W. 
Indiuuapolis. 

llARnoDSBiTEQH, p. V., and cap. Mercer co., Xt/.: on a 
branch of Salt r., 29 ni. S. Frankfort, It contains a courl- 
liou.sc. jail, etc., several stores and mcchsmic shops, and 
1,4S1 inliabllnnts. Bacon College is located here ; it was 
foundt^d in 1S3G, and in 1S50 had 5 professors, 75 students, 
and a library of 1,200 rolumes. In the vicinity is a noted 
mini-ral spring, which is much resorted to by invalids. 

Habry Uill, p. o., Marshall co., Mis8. : 173 m. N. by E. 
Jackson. 

Harshmansville, p. 0., Montgomery co., Ohio: 74 m. 
W. S. W. Columbus. 

Hart county, A'l/. Situate "W. centrally, and contains 404 
Bq. m. lutcrseeted by Green r., and bounded N. W. by 
Nolin cr., its branch. Surface mostly level, and soil pro- 
duclire. Tobacco is the great staple. Farms 829; manuf. 
12 ; dwell. 1,212. and pop.— wh. 7,740, fr. col. 53, si. 1,301— 
total 9,0y3. Cdpitul : Mumfordsville. Public Workt : 
Danville and Nashville R. E. 

Uaktfield, p. v.. Chautauque co., N. Y. : 2S2 m. W. by S. 
Albany. 

IIaetfoed county. Conn. Situate JT. centrally, and con- 
tains 727 sq. m. Intersected from N. to S. by the Connecti- 
cut, and drained by its aftluents, Farmingtou and Mill rivers 
on the W., and on the E. Podunk, Scanlie, and other small 
Streams. Surface nmch diversified, from alluvial meadows, 
annually overflowed, to high rocky hills; soils also various, 
but grnrrally very fertile, and uurler admirable cultivation. 
In the E. are unsurpassed farms and dairies, in the middle 
Uie delightful and invaluable meadows of the Connecticut 
basin, and on the AV. streams, land almost as good. The 
Cicilities fitr manufactures are great, and all improved. Tlio 
articles made embrace almost every thing in use; but for 
Talue and qu.ility, those best known are carpels, powder, 
axe5, clocks, tinware, and iron castings. For eoramerce 
and transportation, it has the Connecticut navigable through 
it, and railroads in every direction. It embraces one capital 
of the Stale and the penitentiary in its limits, besides munifi- 
cent benevolent and literary establishments. In the 8. AV. 
is a copper mine of great extent and exceedingly rich ore. 
Iron isaUofnund. Farms 3,860; manuf. 734; dwell. 11,31S, 
and p.ip.— wh. GS,756, fr. col. 1,210— tola! G9.966. Capital : 
Ilant' Td. PieJdic W&Hs: Farminglou Canal (littlt^ used) ; 
Spriiigfli-ld, Ilarlford and New Uavun li. I'.; New Ilaven 
and Northampton (or Canal) II. K. ; Ilartford, Providence 
and Fishkill i:. K. ; Collinsville Branch K. K. 

nART¥v>Ru, p. city, and cap, Hartford eo,, Comi., and one 
of the capitals of the St.-ite: on the W. side of Conneclieut r., 
at the head of ship navigation. BO in, from its mouth, in lat. 
41^ 45' 59" N., and long. 72° 40' 45" W., »85 m. N. E. 
■\Vaahinj^l«iQ. The site of the city rises gradually ffom Iho 
r., and on the S. and \V. is considerably elevated. The 
compact iTart is more than a mile in length and about three- 
fonrths of n mile wi.U-; and the PtreeU are arranged with 
greiit res^ulaniy LiiUu r., which crosses the city in its S. 
part, fnniishefl a TRhnible wnter-power; bridges eroM this 
iind .iIki tlieC-nneeticutr.. thoeg over the l.-itier eonnecling 
U with Kaal Ilarlford. The moet oocspicuooa pubhe build- 
2SU 



ings are the Slate House, the City Hall, Trinity College, 
the American Asylum, the Kctreat for the Insane, the 
AVadsworth Atheneum, numerous elegant churches, an 
arsenal, (he market-houses, etc. There are 5 Congregational 
churches. 3 Episcoi>aiian, 2 Baptist, 3 Episcopal Methodist, 
1 Protestant Methodist. 1 Roman Catholic, 2 Second Ad- 
vent, 1 Presbyterian, 1 Unitarian, 1 Uuiversalist, and 1 
Jew's gynagogue— in all 24 clmrchcs. Trinity vformcriy 
Washington) College was founded in 1S24. and in 1»5(J had 
a president. S professors, 300 alumni, of which 130 were in 
the ministry, and SO students, and a library of 12,000 vol- 
umes. It is under the control of the Episcopalians. Tho 
American Asylum for the Deaf and Dumb was established 
by the late Itev. Thomas H. Gallaudet, and wasihe first in- 
stitution of the kind in the United States ; it has extensive 
buildings in the W. part of the city, and is the most (lour- 
jibhing and valuable asylum in the Union. The lietreat for 
the Insane is a little S. of the city, and, like the asylum, is 
a weil-condupted and successful institution. Hartford has 
numerous academies and schools, which reflect great credit 
on the city ; and it has a public press not surpassed for mo- 
rality and intelligence; it h*8 2 daily papers, of which 
weekly editions are also published, 6 weeklies, and 2 month- 
lies. The dailies are the ''H. Couranf (whig), and tho 
" H. Times" (dem.) ; the weeklies, the " H. Courier" (whig), 
the '*Kepublican" (F. S.). the "New England Fountain" 
(temperance), and the " Christian Secretary'' (liapt.), the 
" Calendar" (Episc), and the " Religious Herald'' (Congr.), 
devoted to religious subjects. Hartford is also celebrated 
for its extensive book business. As a manufacturing city, 
Hartford stands high, and eontams numerous lumber yards, 
machine shops, fire-arm manufactories, boot and shoe 
factories, and a variety of handicrafts ; and as a place of 
commerce, it has many advantages, its natural market being 
the valley of the Connecticut. It is also a dep6t of interior 
trade and railroad traffic, being in the centre of the State 
and intersected by railroads from every direction. Steam- 
boats also ply regvdariy to New York. Pop. in 1810,^955; 
in 1S20, 4,720; in 1S30, 7,076; in 1S40, 9,46S ; and in ISoO, 
17.960. The Indian name of the silo of Hartford was 
"Suckeag." In ItJSS the Dutch built a fort here, and in 
1635, the Duteh having relinquished their claims to the 
English, Hartford was permanently settled by emigrants 
from Massachusetts under charge of Rev. Mr. Hooker. It 
was incorporated as a city in 17S4, and is now governed by 
a mayor and municipal officers. 

IIautfokd, p. v., Forsyth co., Ga. : 103 m. N. N. "W, 
Miiledgeville. 

HAKTroED, p. v., Ohio CO., Ind.: on Loughery cr., 82 ra. 
S. E. Indianapolis. It contains about 50 dwellings, aud 300 
inhabitants. 

Habtford, p. v., Knox county, /W.; S5 m. N. N. TV. 
Springfield. 

Habtfoed, p. v., and cap. Ohio co., JCi/. : on the S. side 
of Rough cr. of Green r., 125 m. "W. S. W. FrankforU It 
contains a court-house, jail, etc., and about 400 inhabitants. 

IIaetfokd. t. and p. o.. Oxford county. Me.: 31 m. W. 
Augusta. Drained by ponds and small streams emptjing 
into Androscoggin r. It is a fine agricultural t*jwnship, with 
a varied surface, and a soil well adapted for wheat and 
grass. The principal v. is loeated centrally, and there are 
also North and South villages of the same name. Pop. of 
1. 1.293. 

Hartford, t. and p. v., "Washington co., iV^. T.: 47 m. 
N. by E. All>any. Drained by branches of Wood cr. Sur- 
face hilly ; soil sandy and clay loam. The v., situate on tho 
old N. pfist road, contaiiis 20iJ inhabitants. Pop. of t. 2.051. 

Hartford, L and p. o.. Trumbull co., Ohio : 156 m. N. E. 
ColumluiF. Drained !>y affluents of Shenango creek. Sur- 
face diversified; soil ferule and well cultifatod. Building 
stone it; abundHni. Pop. 1.25S. 

H ABTFouD, L and p. v.. Windsor co., TWv/i. ; 42 ni. S. S. E, 
Moutpalier. Draiuod by AVhile aud WiUorqueochy river*; 



HAH 



and the Connecticut, into which they fall, lies on the E. bor- 
der. Surfiic* somewhat uneven ; soils generaUy frrtUe, and 
on the rivers rich, warm, and very productive. The princi- 
pal V. lies at the mouth of White r., and there are in the 
t. the villages of West Uartford, Woodstock, White Kivcr 
Village, and Queeohy Valley, the three first of which lie on 
While r. and the Vermont Central K. K. The t. has eon- 
eideralilc manufactures. Pop. 2,1511. 

HAHTFonD, t. and p. v., Washington co., Wixc: 54 m. 
E. N. E. .Madison. Brained by Kocli r., which rises in this 
t. from a large pond. Surface elevated and level ; soil rich 
and fertile. The village is S. of the river, and is a small 
agricultural settlement. Pop. of 1. 1,003. 

IlAr.TUEGiG, p. 0., Mercer CO., J'enu. : 203 m. W. N. W. 
narrisl>urg. 

Hahtland, p. v., McHenry CO., lU. : ISO m. N. N. E. 
Springtleld. • 

HAKTl.ANn, t. and p. v., Somerset Co., Me. : 4:3 m. N. by E. 
Augu8t.t. Drained by Sebasticoolc r., antl Moose Pond lies 
oil its N. border. Surface elevated and rolling : soil adapted 
to grain and grass. Tbere is a small v. toward the south 
part. Pop. of t. 96't. • 

Haetlami. t. and p. v., Hartford co.. Conn. : 23 m. N. W. 
Hartford. Drained by branches of Farminglon r., and has 
consideriiblc water-power. Surface mountainous ; soil some- 
what rocky, but fertile in grass. The principal v. is situate 
in the S. E., and there is a v. caUed West nartland. The t. 
has several mills, and carries on some mechanical business. 
Pop. S4S. 

Hai'.tlaxd, t. and p. t., Livingston co., 3Iic7t. : 4S m. 
E. byS. Lansing. Drained by the beads of Shiawassee and 
Huron rivers. Surface elevated, but not broken, and form- 
ing the watershed between streams flowing N. and S. 
to the rivers named above. It is an excellent farming 
country, producing wheat, com, etc., and has line grazing 
tracts. Pop. of t. 996. 

Hautlano, t. and p. t., Niagara co., X. Y. : 244 m. 
W. by N. Albany. Drained by Johnson's and Eighteen Mile 
creeks, flowing into Lake Ontario. Surface level ; soil sandy 
and c.ilcarcous loam. The p. o. is a small agricultural vil- 
lage on the N side of Johnson's creek. Pop. of t, 8,023. 
' Haiitlasd, t. and p. o., Huron CO., 0/iw: 89 m. N. by E. 
Columbus. Drained by a branch of Vermillion r. of Lake 
Erie. Surface level ; soil sandy loam and fertile. It is a 
One agricultural town and has 1,044 mhabitants. 

Hartxano, t. and p. v., Windsor co., Vt^rm, : 51 m. S. S. E. 
Moutpclier. Drained by Waterqueechy r. and Lull's brook, 
both affluents of Connecticut, which makes the E. border. 
The t. has immense water-power and numerous manufac- 
tures. Surface diversified ; soil generally pro.luctive, and 
there are meadows on the Connecticut. The v. is located 
on the line of the Vermont C-entral E. E., 4 m. above Wind- 
sor, and 4 m. N. of it is the village of North Hartland. Pop. 
of t. 2,063. 

Hartland, p. t., Waukesha c-junty, Wic : 54 m. E. 
Mntlison. 

Habtleton, p. v.. Union CO., Peiin.: 48 m. N, W. by N. 
Harrisburg. 

Hart Lot, p. o., Onondaga co., X. Y. : 122 m. W. by N. 
Albany. 

Hai:t's Grove, t. and p. o., Ashtabula co., Ohio: 150 m. 
N.E.Columbus. Drained by affluents of Grand river. Sur- 
/ face level ; soil productive. Pop. S22. 

Hai'.tsuor-n, p. v.. Orange Co., X. Car. : 47 m. N. W. 
P.aleigh. 

Hart's Location, p. o., Coos co., K Ilamp. : 92 m. N. 
Concord. 

Hart's MrLts, p. o., Eiplcy CO., Ind. : on Laughery cr., T4 
m. S. E. Indianapolis. 

Haktstown, p. v., Crawford co., Penn. ; 212 m. W. N. W. 
Harrisburg. 

Hat.t's V1L1.AGK, p. T., Dut<Ae86 CO., J^. r. ; 56 m. S. 
Albany. 



IIAR 

Habtsville, p. v., Bartholomew CO., Ind. : on Clifly cr, 
42 in. 9. 8. E. Indianapolis. 

IIartsville, p. v., Berkshire co., 3Inss. : 109 m.W. by S, 
Boston. The Shakers have a settlement in this neighbor- 
hood. 

Hartsville, p. v., and cap. Wright co., J/b. .• on Wood** 
Fork of Gasconade r., 94 m. S. by W. Jefferson City. 

Haktstille, p. v., Onondaga co., JV. Y. : 121 m.W. by N 
Albany. It contains several factories, etc., and 200 inhab- 
itants. 

Hartstillb, p. v., Bucks county, Penn. : 94 m. E. 
Harrisburg. 

Hartbvllix, p. v., Darlington dist., 5. Car : "3 m. E. by N. 
Columbia. 

IlARTiiViLLE, p. o., Sumner co., Tenn. : on the N. side of 
Cumberland r., 3T m. E. N. E. N:cihville. Pop. about 400. 
IlAKTViLLE, p. v., Stark county, Ohio: loG m. N. K 
Columbus. 

Hartwelltille, p. T., Shiawassee CO., Mich. : 23 m. N. ]i 
Lansing. 

Hartwiok, t. and p. v., Otsego county, X. Y. : 66 m. W. 
Albany. Drained by Otsego cr. and Susquehanna r. Sur- 
face hilly ; soil, fertile sandy loam. The v. in the valley of 
Otsego cr. contains several factories and stores, and about 
400 inhabitants. The t. has also considerable manufac 
turea. and 2,3o2 inhabitants. 

IIaetivick Seminary, p. 0., Otsego Co., JV. Y. : on Susque- 
baima r., C2 m.W. Albany. Here is also a v. of some 20 or 
25 dweUiugs. Ilartwick Seminary is a literary and theo- 
logical institution, under care of the Lutherans; it was 
founded in 1816, and endowed with a fund amounting to 
^tSo.OOO, by J.Dhu Christopher Uarlwiek. In 1^00 it bad 3 
jirofcssors, 5 students, and 52 persons had been cilucalcd at 
the institution since its foundation. Its library contains 
1,250 volumes. 

Haetwood, p. v., Staflbrd CO., Tirg. : 67 m. N. by W. 
Eiehmond. 

Hartwood, p. v., Autauga Co., Ala.: 42 m. W. N. W. 
Montgomery. 

Uarvaeo, t. and p. v., Worcester county, Mass. : 82 m. 
W. N. W. Boston. Drained by Stony river, which has its 
source in a pond in this t., and which falls into Na.shua r., 
which makes its W. border. Tbo v. is situate cenlmlly, and 
contains two churches, etc. In the N. E. part of the t. thcra 
is a Shalicr's village ; a good variety of monumental slato 
is found here. Pop. of 1. 1,032. The Worcester and N.ishua 
II. E. intersects Harv.arJ,25 m. from Worcester. 
Harvard, p. v., Delaware CO., 2f. Y. 
Harvey '6, p. 0., Greeno Co., P«vn..-tlS9 m. W. S. W. 
Harrisburg. 

HAKVEvsBtiBon, p. T., Warren CO., Ohio : 77 m, S. W. 
Columbus. 
Harvey's FrvE Poists, p. 0., Westmoreland Co., Pmn. 
Harvey's Point, p. o., Pollt CO., la.: on a creek of Des 
Moines r., 102 m. W. Iowa City. 

Harvey's Store, p. o., Charlotte CO., Vrff. ; 81 m. S. W. 
Kichmond. 

HAnvEYSVilLE, p. v., Luzerne Co., Pcnit.; 86 m. N. E. 
liv N. Harrisburg. 

IlARwion, t. and p. v., Barnstable co., Mass. : 72 m. S. E. 
Boston. Drained by Herring r., the outlet of Long Pond, 
and atfordmg great waU-r-powcr. Its S. shore is washed 
by the Atlantic. Surface and soU low and sandy, as in 
other parts of the peninsula. The v. is located ceotrally, 
and there are also S. and W. villages. The inhabitants aro 
engaged in the salt manufactures, and also in navigation 
and the flsherics. Pop. of t 3,255. 

Harwich Port, p. v., Barnstable co., Masd. : 55 m. S. E, 
B.iston. It lias a good harbor for coasters and fishing 
einncks. 

Harwinton, L and p. v., Litchfield CO., Conn. : 23 m.W. 
Hartford. Draineil by Lead r. and other tributaries of 
Nau"aluck r., which last bounds it on tho W. and furnishes 

281 



^. 



HAS 



HAW 



mill-sites. Surface elevated and rough, and the soil -well 
adapted to grass. The v. contains 2 churches and aboat 
g'j habitiitions. The I. baa numerous grist and saw mills 
and I.ITO inhabitants. 

Ua^urouck, p. o., Sullivan county, 2i'. T.: 84 m. S. W. 
Albany. 

Haskellville, p. v., Lawrence co., Ohio: 73 m. S. B, E. 
Columbus. 

I1a3ki:n viLi-K, p. v., Steuben co., X, Y. : 203 m. TV. by 8. 
Albany. 

IIaskinsvit-le, p. T., Greene co., iTy. ; 73 m. 6, S. W. 
Frankfurt. 

Hastings, t., p. v., and cap. Barry co., Jfich,: S3 m. TV. 
Lansing. Drained by Tliurn-applc r. and its aflluenta, 
which afford extensive water-power. Surface varied ; soil 
rich and prodttclivc. The v. lies on the S. or left bank of 
Uie Thorn-ai.i)Ie, and contains a court-house, jail, etc., and 
has several industrial establishments. The t. has numerous 
nulls, stores, etc. Pop. 55i. 

Hastings, t. and p. o., Oswego co., K, Y.: 12S m. 
"W. N. ■\V. Albany. Drained by Salmon cr. on the N., and 
(tn the S. by creeks Sowing into Oneida Lake and its out- 
Ids. Surface level ; soil mostly a sandy loam. It haa nu- 
merous mills, etc., and a pop. of 2,927 souls. 

Hastings, p. v., Rockland co., Ohio : 62 m. N. by E. 
Columbus. 

Hastings Centre, p. v., Oswego co., 3' Y.: 123 m. 
"W. N. "W. Albany. 

HASTiNGS-upoN-HrDSON, p. T., 'U'estchestcr co., JV, Y. : 
on the E. side of Hudson r., 113 m. S. Albany. It lies on 
Oie Hudson lUver li. K., 21 m. by route fVom New York 
City Hail. Tlio landing on the river is good, and the v. 
contains several factories, stores, etc. Pop. about 400. 

Hastings vii.LE, p. v., CoUmibiaua co., Ohio: 127 m. 
E. X. E. Columbus. 

Hat, p. o., Lancaster co., Penn. : 89 m. S. E. Harrisburg. 

UATuonouQii, p. v., Montgomery co., Penn. : near Peu- 
oypaok cr., 97 ni. E. Ilarrisburg. Pop. about 200. 

IIatciieic's, p. 0., Talladega county, Ala.: 62 m. N. 
Montgomery. 

Hatcitt TmNPiEE, p. o., Tippah co., Jfiss.: 193 m. 
K. N. E. Jackson. 

Hat Cheek, p. c, Campbell CO., Vtrff. : 92 m. W. by S. 
Eichraond. 

Hatfiei-d, t. and p. v., Hampshire co., 3fa$$. : 76 m. E. 
Boston. Drained by Mill r., which f;ills into the Connecti- 
cut on the W. border, and over wliich is a bridge to Had- 
loy. Surface diversifiud, with extensive meadows on the 
river; soil everywhere fertile. Zinc blende is extensively 
deposited, and there are other minerals. The v. lies on the 
\V. side of the Connecticut, and the Connecticut Kiver E. R. 
ha.s a st:ilion a little back, which is fast rising into a place 
of consideration. Pop. of t. 1,041. 

Hat Grove, p. o., Warren county, lU.: 62 m. N. W. 
Springfti-ld. 

Hattkua6 cape, N. Oar. : a low, sandy, and dangerous 
cape on the ff. W. end of an island composed of sand and 
rocks which incloses Pamlico Sound, lat 35^ 15' N., and 
long. 75^ 30' W. It is the mariner's dread, and has been 
the scene of numerous shipwrecks. 

Hai:keiitoww, p. v., O^ven county, l7id.: 47 m. S. W. 
Indinnapolii*. 

Uavasn.\, p. v., Greene county, Ala.: 91 m. N. W. 
Montgomery. 

H.WANNA. p. v., M.ison CO., III.: on the E. side of lUi- 
nnis r., 42 m. N. W. Spriugflc-ld. Spoon r. enters the Illi- 
nois immediately opposite. The village has a e<mvenicnl 
binding, and is situate on a sandy ridge 50 feel above the 
highest floods. It is the chief shipping place for the county. 

Havasna, p. v., Chemung co., X. Y.: on a creek of 

Seneca Lake, about 8 m. ft-om its inlet and 154 m. W. by S. 

Albany. The Chennmg Canal, and also the Canamiaigua 

end Elmira U. R. pass through the village. It haa ab<jut 

2S3 



SOD inhabitants, and contains several flourishing manufac- 
turing establlahmcnta and yards for boat building, and twO 
newsjiapcrs are published hero, the "H. Journal" (whigX 
and the *'II. Republican" (indep.), both weekly issues. 

Havesstille, p. v., Bradford county, Penn.: Iu7 m. N. 
Harrisburg. 

Haveuford, t and p. o., Delaware co., Penn. : S6 m. E. 
Harrisburg. Drained by Darby and Cobb's creeks— tho 
former its W. boundary. Surface hilly; soil sandy loam, 
fertile, and well cultivated. It has several considerable 
cotton and woolen factories, mills, etc. Pop. 1,317. 

HAVEimriL, t. and p. v., Essex co., Mass. : 29 ra. N. by W. 
Boston. Situate between Merrimac r. and the N. line of 
the State, and at tho head of navigation. It is connected 
with Bradford by several bridges from SOO to 1,000 feet long. 
The T. contains several large manufuctories, mechanic 
shops, etc., and vessels of 100 tons come up to it; and it 
has two weekly newspapers, the " Essex Gazette" (whig), 
and the "Essex Banner" (dera.) There are also severai 
other villages, with manufactures, etc. This t is one of the 
first manufacturing places of the State, and ia distinguished' 
alike for the variety and quantity of its productions. The 
Boston and Maine R. R. passes through it. Pop. 5,S77, 

Haveehill, L, p. v., and cap. Grafton co., N. ITamp.: 
67 m. N. N. E. Concord. Drained by Hazen and OHverian 
brouks, flowing into the Connecticut, which makes its "W. 
boundary. Surface, except on the meadows, elevated ; soil 
excellent for general farming. Granite suitable for mill- 
stones, and beds of iron ore are found in this town. Tho v. 
called Haverhill Comer, is situate in the S. "\V. angle, and 
is built around an oblong square. It contains a court- 
house, jail, etc, and about 60 dwellings; and has a news- 
paper, the " Democratic Republican," issued weekly. Xortb 
Haverhill, in the N. W., is another village : it is built on a 
street a mile long, straight, and very level. The Boston, 
Concord, and Montreal R. E. passes through the tosvu. 
Pop. 2,405. 

Haveeiiill Cextee, p. 0., Grafton co., 2^. llamp. ; 69 m. 
N. N. E. Concord. 

Haveestraw, t and p. v., Rockland co., N. Y". : 92 m, 9* 
Albany. Drained by several small creeks flowing into Hud* 
son r., which bountls it on the E., and on which are several * 
convenient landings, also Stony Point, an important miU- 
tary post in the Revolutionary "War. Surface hilly and 
mountainous, being covered by the Dunderberg — the val- 
lej's arc fertile, consisting of clay-loam soil. The v. on Ihe 
■\y. side of tho Hudson has several large brick-flelds, ship- 
building yards, and about 600 inhabitants, and carries on a 
considerable river trade, chiefly with New York City. Thd 
river opposite the t. of Haverstraw is wide and expands 
into a fine bay, which, under the name of Haverslraw Bay, 
extends from Teller's Point to Verplank's Point, a distance 
of 6 m., and is from 2 to 8 m. wide. The t. has consider- 
able manufactures, as iron, paper, etc., and numerous mills. 
Pop. 5,SSS. 

UA\aLAND Hollow, p. o., Putnam co., K Y. : 78 m» 
S. by E. Albany. 

Havilandsville, p. v., Harrison co., Ki/. : 33 m. N. E. 
FrankforL 

Havek de Gbace, p. v. and port, Harford co,, ^fd.: on 
the "W. side of Susquehanna r., at its confiuence in Chesa- 
peake Bay, 63 m. N. N. E. Annapf'Iis. The Baltimore and 
Philadelphia R. R. passes through it, and here is the ter- 
minus of the Tidewater Canal. The v. itself is smal! bul 
well built, and contains several warehouses, stores, etc. U 
is principally noted as a commercial and trading port; it 
has also some manufactures, and in the fishing seasim has' 
many engaged in that line of busmess. The " Harford 
Madisonian" is publisbe<i weekly. Pop. 1,3^6. In lSl-4 
Havre was sacked and burned by tho British under Admiral 
Cock bum. 

Hawesville, p. v., and cap. Hancock co., Ay. .* on the 
S. sitlo of Ohio r., at the mouth of Lead cr., 107 m. W. 



HAW 



DAZ 



Frankfort. It contains a court-huuso, jail, Ltc, 13 stores, 
fleveriil mechanic shops, and about 600 iuhabitanta. It de- 
rives consideration from its extensive mines, which supply 
fiteamboata navigating the river with excellent coal. 

Uamfields, p. 0., Oraugo co., 2i. Car, : 37 m. N. W. 
Haleigh. 

Hawkksvilx^, p. c, Franklin co., Teitn. : SI m. S. E. 
I^avhville. 

Hawk Eve, p. v., Des Moines co.,I<i.: 55 m. S. by E. 
Iowa City. 

lIA^vKl^■s county, To/in. Situate N. E., and contains 712 
sq. m. Drained by Clinch r., whirh bounds it N. W., llul- 
ilun r., which passes through it from N. E. to 9. W., and (heir 
branches, all affluents of the Tennessee. Surface broken, 
(ind soil motiUy fertile. It has good water-power, which is 
used. Corn and wheat are the staples, and many swine and 
beeves are fatted. Farms 735 : raanuf. 21 ; dwell. 2,019, and 
pop.— wh. 11.573, fr. cul. 107, si. 1,690— total 13.^70. Ctvp- 
it^il : Roi^ersville. I^uhlic Works : East Teuuesse and 
Virginia K. R. 

Hawkixs Landiso, p. o., Ashley CO., Ark. : 127 m. S. S. E. 
Utile Kock. 

IIawkinsville, v., Tuolumne co., Culif. : on the N. side 
(Tf Tuolumne r., 112 m. S. E. Vallejo. 

Uawglssville, p. v.,andeap. Fulaskico., (?a. ; on the "W. 
tank of Oemulgee r., 5S m. S. by "W. MilledgcviUe. It con- 
tains a court-house, jail, etc., and has about 400 inhabitants. 
A considerable amount of produce is shipped fi-om this point. 

IIaweinsvilijo, p. v., S?ussex co., Virg. : 44 m. S. by E. 
Eichmoud. 

Uawk TorsT, p. o., Lincoln county, J/b. ; on a cr. of 
Au Cuivre r., 62 m. E. N. E. JeQcrson City. 

ir AWLEY, t. and p. v., Franklin cv., Jfiss. : 96 m.W. by N. 
Boston. Drained by branches of Deerfleld r., which afford 
water-power. Surface elevated and rough; soil of average 
ferlilily, and well suited for grass. Iron ore abounds— also 
building stone, etc. The \*. is located centrally. Popula- 
tion oft. ^Sl. 

Ha-wley, p. 0., Wayne co., Pen7i. : 57 m. S.W. Ilarrisburg. 

Hawley's Stoee, p. o., Sampson county^ A''. Car. : 57 m. 
9. S. E. Kaleigh. 

ITawlevton, p. v., Broome co., A''. 3'.- 112 m. W. S. "W. 
Albany. 

IIawxetville, p. T., Fairfield co., Conn.: on a cr. of 
Housatonic r., and on the line of the Iloueatonie K. E.,4om. 
8. W. Ilartford, and by railroad 23 m. from Bridgeport. 

Haw Patcu, p. o., La Gran^ co., Iiid. : 123 m. N. by E. 
Indianapolis. , 

Haw river, Al Car. : one of the constituents of Cape Fear 
riTer. It rises in Ruckingham and Guilford counties, and 
In Chatham co. unites with Deep r., which. togL-lher, under 
Iho name of Cape Fear r., empty into the Atlantic Ocean. 

IlAw-gnuncn, p. v., Rappahannock county, Virff.: Dim. 
5. W. by N. Richmond. 

IIawtuorn, p, v., Montgomery co., Aht. 
' IIaydenvills, p. T., Hampshire co.. Miss. .• on ilill r. of 
the Connecticut, 87 m. W. Boston. It is a manufacturing v. 
of about 500 inhabitants, and is much celebrated for its gold 
pens, which are sold throughout the Uniun. 

IIayuenstille, p. 0., — i CO., Calif. 

IIayijon's, p. o., Owen co., Xy. ; 31 m. N. Frankfort. 

IIatks' Stobd, p. o., Gloucester county, Tirfj. : 4S m. E. 
nichmond. 

IlAYfSTTLLE, p. T., Ashlaud CO., Ohio: 66 m. N. N. E. 
Ciilumbus. 

IIayesville, p. v., Chester coimty, Penn. : G4 m. E. by S. 
Ilarrisburg. 

Ha^tield. t. and p. o., Crawfurd county. Pe;m. .• 207 m. 
W. X. W. Ilarrisburg. Drained by tributaries of French 
creek, whieli makes its E. boundary. Surface rough ; soU 
average. Pup. 1,5S1. 

Uay Market, p. v., Prince "Wilham co., Vlrg. : 92 m. 
t$. by W. Richmond. 



Hay Meiadow, p. o.jAVUkes co., A' Car. : 144 m.^V. by N. 
Raleigh. 

Hayne's, p. o., Grainger co., Teim. : Iss ra. E. Nashville^ 

Haynesvili^. p. o., Aroostook co., Me. : on llic E. side 
of Maitawanxkeag r., a branch of Penobscot r., 136 m. N. E4 
Augusta. 

Haynesttlle, p. v., York district, S. Car. : 71 m. N. 
Columbia. 

IIavnesville, p. v., and cap. Lowndes co., Ala. : on 
Big Swamp cr. of Alabama r., 22 m. S. W. Montgomery. 
It cuntuius a court-house, etc., and about 400 inliabitants. 

Uavnesville, p. v., Houston county, Ga. : 57 m.S.ij.W. 
Milledi^eville. 

Hays county, TtSP. Situate centrally, and contains 0G4 
sq. m. Drained in the N. and E. by Pedernales r. and 
other affluents of C.>lorailo r., and in the S*.by Blanco r. of 
San Marcu r., a brancli of the Guadalupe. Surface elevated, 
with bold eminences and deep ravines in the S. ; in the N^ 
less broken, with tine alluvial bottoms. Soil on the Peder- 
nales, equal to any in the State ; the rest is thinner, but gives 
good crops of corn and cotton. Native indigo grows in 
abundance, and sugar-cane is cultivated. Limestone is 
everywhere ; beds of marl are ti-equent, and iron ore 
abounds. Timber forests skirt every stream, and water-- 
power is always near. Farms 22 ; manuf. 3 ; dwell. 41, and 
pop.— wh. 2o9, fr. col. 0, si. 12S— total 3S7. Capital : San 
Marco. 

Hay's Ceeek, p. 0., Carroll co., 3Tiss.: on a cr. of Blgt 
Black r. so called, SI m. N. N. E. Jackson. 

Hay's Spuing, p. 0., Jefferson county, K^.: 47 m. W. 
Frankfort. 

Hay Stacim p- 0., Surrey co., A^ Car. : 123 m. W. N. \V. 
Raleigh. 

Haysville, p. v., Dubois co., Ind. : on the S. side of the 
E. fork of White r., 95 m. S. S. "W. Indianapolle. Pop. 200. 

Uavsville, v. and sta., Alleghany co., Penn. ; on the line 
of the Ohio and Pennsylvania R. R., 10 m.N.'W. Pittsburg. 

Haysville, p. v., Marion county, Ki/.: 42 m. S. by \X, 
Frankfort. 

Haytee's Gap, p. 0., Washington co., Vlrfj. : 253 m. 
W. S. W. Ricbmond. 

Haywood counly, A'". Ctir. Situate S. "W., and contains 
056 sq. m. Drained by Big Pigeon r., a branch of Xoli- 
chucky r., and head of the Tennessee. Surface very high 
and broken in parts, affording excellent miU-slream-j. S^)il 
pruductive, with tine jjasturage and gijod timber. Many 
cattle are raised. Farms 053 ; raanuf. 0; dwell. 1,U0. and 
pop.— wh. 5,931, fr. col. 15, si. 41$, Indiaus 710— total 7,074. 
Capital : "Waynesville. 

Haywood county, Tenn. Sitnato W., and contains 500 
sq, ra. Drained S. by Big Hatcbie river, N. by S. llirk of 
Forked Deer r., both affluents of the Mis9i^sii)pi. Surface 
level, or gently undulating; soil very fertile; ooMon is the 
staple ; tobacco and com come next, and nuieh jxjrk 'is 
fatted. Farms 967; manuf. 13; dwell. 1,454, and pop.— 
wh. 8,713, fr. coL 4S, si. S,49S— total 17,269. Capital: 
ErownesvUle. 

Haywood, p. v., Chatham co., 2^. Car.: at the conQu- 
enf e of Uaw and Dei-p rivers of Cape Fear r., 27 m.V\. S.W. 
Raleigh. 

Hazaed Foeoe, p. o., Hardy co., Vir(;.: 154 m. N. TV 
Richmond. 

Hazabdtille, p. v., Hartford county, Conn. : 16 ra. N. 
Hartford. It contains 53 houses, 2 stores, 2 churches, a 
school-house, and Lyceum ; and in the immediate vicinity 
arc the extensive mills of the Hazaril Powder Company. 

Hazel Bottom, p. o., Barr>- county. Mo.: 157 m. S. T7. 
Jefferson City. 

Hazel Flat, p. o., Shelby county, Tenn.: l^em.W. s.W. 
Nashville. 

Hazel GHnnx. t. and p. 0., Grant co., Wise, : 66 m. S.^\■. 
Madison. Drained by Sinsinewa and other affluents nfilu; 
Mississippi river Surlace rugged ; soil not the moat fertile. 

283 



HAZ 



HEL 



Lead ore is found in abundance. The v. is siluale on Ihe 
GalL'ua and i'latievilie Turnpike. Pop. oft. 654. 

IIazel Gkeen, p. o., MadFsoB €o., Ala,: 1T7 m.N.by W. 
Monlgomery. 

Hazei. Gkees, p. 0., Morgan «o., Ky. : 83 ra. E. by S. 
Frankfort. , 

Hazel Grove, p. o., Saliue oounty, J£o. ; GS m. "W. N.W. 
Jefferson City. 

IIazelton, p. v., Luzerne county, Penn.: 79 m. N. K. 
IInrrisl)urg. It is a noted mining viilapre, and is connected 
with the Lebigli navigation by a railroad. Beaver Meadow 
is a few miles S. of Haziltoti. 

Hazelwood, p. o., Ballard co., Ky. : 2-12 ni. Vs. S. W. 
Frankfort. 

Hazlewood, p. v., Chester district, S. Cur.: 46 m. N. 
Columbia. 

Hazlewoop, p?o., Wright co.. Mo.: 104 m. S, by "W. 
Jefferson City. 

IIeadi.ev's Mills, p. o., Fountain county, Ind.: G7 m. 
W. N. W. Indianapolis. 

Head of Barf-en, p. c, Claiborne county, Tenn. : 173 m. 
E. by N. Nashville. 

Head of Clinch, p. o., Tazewell county, Virg. : 223 m. 
TV. by y. Eiehmond. 

Head of Patnt, p. o., Morgan Co., Ky. : at the head of 
Paint cr. of Big Saady r., 109 ni. E. by S. FrankforL 

Head of Sassafras, p. v., Kent co., J/rf.; at the head 
of the river so called, 18 m. from its cxmfluence with Chesa- 
peake Bay. and 55 m. N. E. Annapolis. 

Head QuARTEta, p. o., Nicholas co., Ky.: 55 m. E. N. E. 
Frankfort. 

Hf-aling Spei.ngs, p. o., Davidson co., K Car. : 92 m-W. 
Ealeigh. 

Heard county, Ga. Situate W. centrally, and contains 
26T sq^ m. Drained by Chattahoochee river, which passes 
through its K.'half. Surface mostly even, willi good mill- 
sites ; soils very productive ; cotton is the staple production. 
Farms 512 ; raanuf. 5 ; dwell. 724, and pop.— wh. 4,520, fr. 
col. 3, fll. 2,400— total 6,923. Cajiitul: Franklin. 

Hbaenville, p. v., Putnam co., Ga.: 27 rn. N. by "W. 
Milledgeviile. 

Heart PBAintE, p. o.,'Walworlh co., Wise. : 46 ra. E. S. E. 
Madison. 

Heartwellville, p. v., Bennington co., Verm. : 9S m. 
S. by W. Montpelier. 

Heath, t- and p. v., Franklin county, Jifa.ss. : 98 m. 
"W.N. W. Boston. Drained by branches of Deerfield r., one 
of which affords water-power. Surface mountainous; soil 
adapted to grazing. There is a central village. Population 

Heath's Creek, p. o., Pettis co., Mo. : on a creek of 
Riviere a la Mine so called, 60 m. W. N. W. Jefferson City. 

IIeathsville, p. v., Halifax co., y. Car. : 78 m. N. E. 
Ealeigh. 

Heatiisvtlle, p, v.. and cap. Northumberland co., Virg. : 
near the head of Coan r., 63 m. E. N. E. Richmond. It 
contains a court-house, jail, etc., and has several industrial 
eatiililishments, and about 360 inhabitants. 

Hebbardsville, p. v., Henderson co., Ky. : 137 m. 
W. by S. Frankfort. 

Hkbbaudsvili.e, p. v., Athens co., Ohio: 63 m. S. S. E. 
Columbus. 

Hebron, t and p. v., Tolland co., Omn. : 19 m. S. E. 
Horlford. Drained by Hop r.. a branch of AVillimantic r. 
which forms its N. border, and in the S. Uie outlet of North 
Pond affords water-power. Snrface hiljy and uneven; soil 
pcnerany of an average fertility, and good grazing land. 
The V. has 2 handsome churches, and about 40 neat dwell- 
ings ; and besides the principal v. there are several others. 
The t. has considerable manufactures (iron, cotton, paper, 
leather, etc.), and 1,345 inhabitants. 

Hebron, p. v., Washington county, Ga.: 16 m. S. E. 
Milledgeviile, 
284 



Hebron, p. v., Porter co., Jnd.: 119 m. N. N. W. 

Indianapolis. 

Hbbron, p. T., McHenry «o., liL: 194 m. N. N. B. 
Springfield. 

Hebron, t. and p. o., Oxford co., J/"^. ; 37 m. W. S. W. 
Augusta. Drained by a branch of Androscoggin r. Surface 
diversifled ; soil generally fertile. The v. is located about 2 
m. \V. of Buckfleld Branch K. E., which passes through the 
east part of the town. Pop. of t. SS9. 

Hebron, t. and p. c, Grafton county, K. ITamp.: 83 m. 
N. N. W. Concord. Drained by creeks emptying into 
Newfoundland Lake, which occupies a third of the area of 
tJie town. Surface diversified; soil generally fertile. Tha 
T. Is located on a stream near the head and west of the lake. 
Pop. of t. 565. 

Hebron, t. and p. v., Washington cb., K. F". ; 44 m. 
N. N. E. All)any. Drained by Black cr. Surface hilly and 
diversified ; soil sandy loam and fertile. The v. is a small 
settlement N. of Black r., and contains about 70 inhabilanta 
In the t. there are some small manufactures. Pop. 2,54S. 

Hebron, t and p. o.. Potter co., Pcun.: 127 m, N. W. 
Harrisburg. Brained by the head branches of Alleghany t 
Surface soinewliat broken; soil generally productive — on tha 
whole a good farming section. 

Hebcon, ji. v., Licking co., Ohio: on the Ohio Canal, 27 
ni. E. Columbus. 

Hebron, p. y., Tyler county, Virg. : 239 m. W. N. W. 
Richmond. 

Hecktown, p. v., Northampton co., Perm. : 95 m. E. N. E* 
Harrisburg. 

Hecla, p. o., Carroll county, Tenn,: 97 m. W, by S. 
Nashville. 

Hecla Works, p. v., Oneida co., 27. T. : 94m. W. N. W. 
Albany. 

Hectoe, t and p. v., Tompkins co., K. Y. : 153 m. W. by 3, 
Albany. Drained by streams flowing in opposite directions 
into Cayuga and Seneca lakes, the latter of which forms ita 
W. border. Surface elevated and undulating ; soil fertile, and 
adapted to grass. Hector is a small agricultural village, and 
there arc several others, as Mecklenburg, N. Hector, Logan, 
Keynolds, Burdett, etc., in the town. Pop. of t. 6,i*56. 

Hector, L and p. o., Potter co., Penn. : 118 m. N. N. W« 
Harrisburg. 

Hector, p. v., Jay co., IjuI. : 73 m. E. N. E. Indianapolis^ 

Hedgeksville, p. v., Berkeley co., Virff. : 137 m. N. by W. 
Bichmond. 

Heidleesburgh, p. v., Adams co., Penn.: 24 m. S. W. 
Harrisburg. 

Ueldekeerq mountains, iK T.: the N. portion of the 
Kaatsberg moumains, extending through Albany and Scho- 
harie counties. They are 400 or 500 feet high, precipitous, 
and consisting of limestone based on graywacko. Caverns 
and fossil remains occur in the calcareous formations. 

Helena, p. v., and cap. Philips co., Arl: : on the W. side 
of the Mississippi, 97 m. E Little Rock. H contains a court- 
house, jail, etc., a U. S. land office, n\mierou9 stores, and haa^ 
three ntfwspapers, the "Southern Shield" (whig), and the 
" True Issue" (State-rights), published weekly, and the 
"Bulk-tin," a monthly issue. It has a large trade with the 
back country and the settlements on St. Frances r., from 
which it receives considerable cotton for shipment. There 
is a very fine range of hills inmiedialely back of the viUagu^ 
the only ones seen along the river for some distance ; and 
on this account the countrj- is not so liable to be flooded. 
Helena Is thought to be well located for a terminus of a rail- 
road to the Pacific, and as such was highly recoumiended 
to the New Orleans C^^nvention of 1S52. Pop. 6T7. 

Uklena, p. o., Peoria co., lU. : 76 m. N. Springfield. 

Helena, p. v., Mason co., Ky. : 7S m. N. E. Frankfort, 

Helena, p. v., Bl Lawrence co., K. T. : on St. Regis r., 
15Sm. N. N. W. Albany. It has several mills, and about 
200 inhabitants. 

Helena, v. and sta., Newberry Uist, S. Car. : on the line 



HEL 



HEN 



of tho Greenville and Columbia K. R., 4S ni. W. N. W. 
Columbia. The Laun-ns li. K. here diverges from Ihe maio 
track tu Laurens C. H. 

IIblena, p. o., Iowa co., Wise: on tlic S. side of "Wia- 
consin r., aS m. W. Madison. The Milwaukle and Missis- 
sippi K. R. will pass through tliis village. 

llELENViLLE, p. V., Jcffersun CO., Wise: 43 m. E. by S. 
Madison. 

IIellam, t. and p. o., York co., Penn.: 21 m. S. E. Ilar- 
risburg. Urained by Codorus and Orist creeks of Suaque- 
hanna r., which forms its E. boundary. A bridge crosses 
the river at Wrightsville 5.GD0 feet long. Pop. 1,G2'J. 

Hell Gate, or Ilelle Gatt, A' }'. ; a i>assage between the 
East r. and Long Island Sound. f<»rmed l)y the approxi- 
mation of Great Barn and Long Island, 7 m. N. K. New 
Tork City. JMU^ Gatt means ?Ja&t Gntp,a,\\>\ has no refer- 
ence to the locality usually meant by its synouyn). Tiie 
rocks and eddies that fornierly rendered Us passage danger- 
ous to navigation have been removed, and the largest shii)3 
•an now go through wiiliout fear of injury. 

IIeli.en, p. v., Elk CO., Peini. : 14-2 m. N.W. Harrisburg. 

IIellehtow.n, p. v., Northampton county, Ptnii.: %\ m. 
E. N. E. Harrisburg. 

Helton, p. v., Aslie county, A^. Cur.: 173 m. W. by N. 
Baleigh. 

IlEi.ToxvrLLE, p. v., Lawreucc co,, In<L: on Leather- 
wood cr., 57 m. S. Indianapolis. 

Hemlo. p. o., >Yhitesides county, /W.; 142 m. N. by W. 
Springfield. 

Hemlock Lake. i>. o., Livingston cn.^ X. Y. : on lite W. 
Bide of the lake so called, 102 m. W. Albany. Ilemloek 
Lake is G m. long an<l 1 m. wide, and discharges its waters 
Into the outlet of Iloneoye Lake. 

Hp-Mmingfoed, v.. Clinton co., JV. }'; on the line of the 
Plattshurg and Montreal 11. E., 20 m. N. riattsbnrg. 

Hempfield, p. v., Lancaster county, Peiiu.: 2'J m. S. E. 
Ilarrisburg. 

HE.MraiLL's Stohe, p. 0., Meckknburgh co., N. Car. : 124 
m. W. S. W. Raleigh. 

Hempstead county, Ark. Situate S. W., and contains 
1,S04 sq. m. Drained by Saline Bayou, and other atlluents 
of Red r., its S. W. boundary, and by affluents of Little 
Missouri r., 'Is N. E. boundary, antl a branch of Waehita r. 
Surface level or .sliglilly rolling, and well wooded ; soils of 
moderate fertility, producing the grains and some cotton. 
Farms 550: manuf. S; dwell. 855, and pop._wh. 5,1S0, fr. 
col. 32, si. 2,4G0— total 7,073. Capital: Washington. 

IlEMPSTEAii. t. and p. v., Queens co., K. Y.: 12S ra. S. 
Albany. Surface level; soil sand and sandy loam, requir- 
ing good cultivation. IIem])stead Plains are a tract of some 
15,000 acres, lying in a state of nature and common to the 
town. The village is situate on the S. margin of these 
plains, and contains 1.000 inhabitants. It has numerous 
stores, mechanic shops, etc., and a newsjiaper, the " II. En- 
quirer," is published weekly. Several islands belong to 
Oils t., and liockaway Beach on the Atlantic, a jdace of 
resort for f;L*thinn in the summer season. Much garden 
produce is brought fl-om this t. to New York. Pop. S,S11. 
A branch of the Long Island R, R., 8 m. long, extends to 
Hempstead village. 

Hempstead Pp.ANcn, p. v., Queens co.. X. ]".; at the di- 
vergence of Ilenipslead Branch R. R. from the Long Island 
E. R.. 2ti m. from Brooklyn. 

Hexbv, p. 0., Montgomery co., Ohio: 69 m. \V. by S. 
Columbus, 

Hesdeil^iok county, III. Situate TV. toward the N., and 
contains 389 sq. m. Drained by Henderson's r. and Elison's 
and Honey creeks, affluents of [he Mississippi, its W. bound- 
ary. Surface generally level; soil productive, a part well 
timbered and part prairie. Farms 420 ; manuf. 27; dwell. 
820, and pop.— wb. 4. Gin, fr. col. 2— total 4.fil3. Capital: 
Oqnawka. Puhlie Works : Oqu.iwka ami Peoria R. R. 

Uekdeesom county, Ky. Situate N. W., and contains 



5G2 sq. m. Drained by affluents of Green r.. its S. E, 
boundary, and smaller aflluents of the Ohio, its N. bound- 
ary. Surface various, with gmxl mill streams; soil fertUe. 
Tobacco is the staple. Wheat and corn yield largely, and 
pork is an export. Farms 1,ij37; manuf. 44; dwell. 1,1337, 
and pop.— wh. 7.654, fr. col. 120, si. 4.397— total 12.171. 
Capital: nenderson. I'liblie Bo//;^.- Na.-shvi]lo and Uen- 
der3()n R. R. 

Hendeijsun county, Al Car. Situate W., and contains 
422 s»i. m. Draincil by numerous heads of French Broad 
r., a brancli of Noliehucky r., a head of the Tennessee. 
Surface bn.ken and mountainous, having on the E. and S. 
ranges of high hills separating the Atlantic streams from 
the affluents of the Ohio; soil fertile and finely adapted to 
grazing. Farms 413; manuf. 1 ; dwell. 931, and pop.— wh. 
5,S92, fr. col. 37, si. 924:— total 6,S53. Capital: Uendera-.n- 
ville. 

Uexdf.rson ctmnty, Tenn. Situate W., and contains 914 
sq. ni. Drained E. by Beech r., and other affluents of Ten- 
nessee r., and W. by heads of Big llatohee and Forke<l 
Deer rivers, affluents of the Mississip])i. Surface level, and 
stjil fertile. Till? grains flourish, cotton is grown largely, and 
much pork fattened. Farms 973; manuf. 25; dwell. 1.793, 
and pop.— wh. 1U,571, fr. col. 1, si. 2,592— total 13,H>4. 
Capital: Lexington. 

He.ndkiison county, Tex. Situate N. E. centrally, and 
contains 1,1S9 sii. ni. Drained by Cedar, Walnut, and 
Oiter creeks, affluents of Trinity r., its W. boundary, and 
Kickapoo, Flat, and Caddo creeks, branches of Neehes r., 
its F. boundary. Surface level or undulating; soil on the 
Trinity rich loam, on the Neehes more sandy, and between 
- hickory uplan<ls,'' which are exceedingly fertile and easily 
cultivated. Much of the county is a forest of fi^e timber, 
black walnut, hickory, oak, and pine. Trinity r. is boat- 
able part of tho year. Iron ore exists in large quantities, 
and silieifled or petrified trees, so hard as to be used for 
tlinls, are found projecting from the ground or lying on the 
surface. Cotton and corn give large returns, and wild 
grapes abound on every stream. Farms liiG; manuf. 0; 
dwell. 192, and pop.— wh. 1,155, fr. col. 1, si. bl~total 1,237. 
Capital : Athens. 

IlENDEit;o-V, p. v., Knox co., ///. ; 93 m. N.W. Springfield. 

Henderson, p. v., and cap. Henderson co., Kt/. : on the 
S. bank of Ohio r., 143 m. W. by S. Frankforu It is a prin- 
cipal shipping port for the tobacco, corn, etc., of the Green 
r. country, and it has also a considerable supply of coal and 
iron in its vicinity. It contains a court-house, 7 churches, 
5 schools. IS or 20 stores, 5 or G large tobacco factories, and 
about 1,SC0 inhabitants. Two newspapers, the "South 
Kenluckian" (whig), and the "Democratic Banner" (dem.), 
are published weekly. 

IIexdep.sos, p. v., Granville co., y. Car.: on the line of 
tlie Gaslon and Raleigh R. R., 45 ra. N. Raleigh. 

Henderson, t. and p. v., Jeflerson co., X. Y.: 143 m. 
N.W. Albany. Drained by Stony and Little Stony creeks of 
Lake Ontario, on which the l. fronts. Surface level ; soil 
8an<ly loam. Several considerable islands in the lake belong 
to this t., and the W. part of the maiidand is peninsular. 
The T. called Henderson Harbor, at the head of Hungry 
Bay, is a port, and has considerable trading facilities; it has 
a good lauiling, and contains about 20 dwellings. Tho 
principal v, lies 3 m. back on Stony cr., and is double the 
size of the f:>rmer place. Tho t. has several mills, etc., but 
is almost wholly agricultural. Pop. 2,239. The EUisburg 
and SackcLs Harbor R. R. rims along the E. end of the 
township. 

Henderson, p. o., Houston co., Ga. : 51 m. S. S. W. 
Milled geville. 

ilENDKitsoN, p. v., Mercer co., Perm.: 1S9 m. W. N. W. 
Ilarrisburg. 

HENPKP.80N, p. v., and cap. Rusk co,, Tc\r.: at the head 
of Big Shawnee cr., a constituent of Angelina r., 23'} m. 
N. E. Austin City. It ia a considerable v., and has three 

2S5 



HEN 



HEN 



nc--\v5papcr3, the "Texas "NVbig." the "jEgis of Truth," and 
the *■ Fia<; of the Union." Pop. about SOO. 

Uexperson's Mij5, p. o., Greono oo., Tmn^: 21S m. 
E. Nasliville. 

IIendeksonville, p. T., an<l cap. Henderson co., X. Oir, : 
on Mud CT. of French Broad r., 'J13 m. W. S. Vt. llalci^h. 
(t contains a court-house, etc., btveral stores, and about '600 
inhabitants. 

IIiiNUKK-soNVULE, p. T., Sumner CO., TiviJi.: about 1 mUe 
N. of Cumberland r., 16 in. N. K. Nasliville. 

]Iexi>eessvii-le, p. v., Henry county, Ay, ; 26 m. J?. W. 
FranklV-rt. 

IliiNDBicK's county, Tnd. Situate cenO^lIy, and contains 
G^7 sq. in. Drained by Eel r., and Whilo Lick and M.id 
creeks, head waters of White r. In tho e. and N. W. the 
surface is unrlulaling, elsewhere tho county is level. More 
Uian half tho soil is a rich loam mixed with sand. The 
staple products are wheat, corn, and pork. Tarnis 1,444 ; 
mauuf. 10; dwell. 2,390, and pop.— wh. 14,047, fr. col. 8G— 
total 14.0S3. CajnUd: Danville. Public ITorA"*; Terre 
Unuto and Kichmond K. K. 

IlENDniCK's, sla., Putnam co., Tnd.: on the line of the 

lerre Haute and Kichmond K. R., 44 m. W. Indianapolis. 

Hexdejck'-s p. o., Yazoo co., Miss. : 32 m. N.W. Jackson, 

ZIeni>i'.ick'3 Mills, p. c, Enssell county, Virg.: 263 m. 

W. by S. Kichmond, 

IIendkick's Stoee, p. o., Bedford county, Hrff. : 131 m. 
^\'. by S. liichmond*- 

IIendeicksthle, p. T., De Kalb co., Ala^ : 152 m. N. by E. 
Montgomery. 

Ulndrysbuegh, p. v., Belmont co,, Ohio: 94 m* E, 
Columbus. 

Heslopen cape, Del. : the S. "W. point at the entrance of 
Delaware Bay, IS m. 8. W. from Capo May, the opposite 
point. A lighthouse is located here. LaL U6° 47' N,, and 
Ion. 750 6' W. 

Uenly's Stoee, p. o., Franklin co., Ga. : 100 in. N. 
MilledgeviUe. 

Hennepin, p. v., and cap. Putnam co., Hi. : on the E. 
bank of the Illinois r., at its great bend, 102 ra. N. Spring- 
field. It has an elevated and pleasant position, the ground 
rising gently from the river. It contains a court-house, jail, 
eic. numerous stores and mechanic sho^js, and about 430 
Inhabitants. Steamboats ascend to this point at a moderate 
etage of the water. 

Hennieee, t and p. T.,Merrimao co., X. Ilamp. : 13 m. 
Vi. by 8. Concord. Drained by Contoocook r., which affords 
water-power. In tho W. part of the L is Long Pond, 
which discharges itself into the Contoocook. Surface hilly; 
soil moderat*.'ly fertile. There are several villages in the I., 
the principal v. near the centre. The New Hampshire 
Central K. Pl. and the Contoocook Talley E. R. cross each 
otiier in passing through Ilenniker. Pop. 1,C9C. 

Hksmng's p. 0., Gibson county, Tonn,: 122 m. "W. 
Ka^shville. 

Hekrico county, Virg. Situate E., and contains 2CS.sq. 
CD. Drained by affluents of James r., -which bounds it S., 
and by Chickahominy r., its N. E. boundary. Surface un- 
dulating or broken, and much diversified ; soil good, pro- 
ducing the ccrtals and tobacco; but the chief wealth of the 
CO, arises from its vast mineral reSources, its extensive com- 
merce and growing manufactures. The great natural i>ro- 
duct of the earth is bituminous coal, deposits of which 
extend over a large part of it, and which is much sought 
after for its superior quality. The mines are deep, and 
widely wrought, and tlio quantity of coal annually brought 
up and exported, very great Lying along tlie noble James 
r,, at the heat) of navigation for the largest vessels, it has a 
fine situation for commanding the transportation of the pro- 
duct* of the immense and fertile region of which it is the 
outlet. Ships from its ports visit all quarters of the world, 
loaded with corn, flour, wheat, tobacco, and coal. The falls 
uL James r. ftimieh the beat of water-power, with ecoroeljr 
280 



a limit to Its extent. This has been used fn part, and hero 
arc the largest flouring eslablishuieuts in the ttale, and the 
best cotton and woolen factories. Though not a gnat agrV 
cultural county, its situation and ollu-r natural advantage* 
make it one of the most imporuinl In the Stale. Fama 
454; manuf. 230; dwell. 5,:-;iT, and pMj>.— wh. 23.S00, fr. col 
3,6G3, si. 10,109 — total 4'3,572. CapiUd: Kiebraund. Pid'Iic 
Wu7'7:s: James Biver Canal; Biehmond, Frederick aoJ 
Potomac K. E.; Virginia Central K. B., etc. 

Hesric's Foek, p. o., Gilmer co., I 'irg. : 222 m. W. N. "S^ 
Eichmond. 

Heseietta, t. and p. o., Jackson co., Mh'h. : 26 m. S. S. I^ 
Lansing. Drained by Portage cr. of Graud r. There aro 
several ponds in the I., and a considerable portion is 
marshy. Pop. S82. 

Henrietta, t. and p. v., Monroe county, N. Y. : 193 nk 
W. by N. Albany. Drained by tributaries of Gencsea r., 
which marks the W. border, and of Irondequoit cr. Surface 
oUing; soil sand and clayey loam, very fertile. Tho ■fc 
contains about 200 inhabitants. Tho industry of the L is 
devoted almost wholly to agriculture. Pop. 2,513. 

llEXEinTA, t. and p. o., Lorain co., Ohio : 97 m. N. K. K 
Columbus. Drained by Vermillion r. and other streams, 
which nm northward to Lake Erie. Surface diversified; 
son generally fertile. The v. is located on the old post roo^ 
Pop. of t, 1,042. 

Hkneletta, p. 0., Montgomery co., Tcnn. : 4T m. N, "Vt 
Nashville. 

Henrt county, Ala. Situate In S. E. comer, and oo]> 
tains 953 sq. m. Drained W. by head of Choetawatchie t^ 
S. by heads of Chipola r., a tributary of Appalachicola r., 
and E. by afHueuts of Chattahoochee r., which forma ita li 
boundary. Surface varied, affording water-power, to wort 
up the pine timber that covers much of it. Cotton is the 
staple. Farms 671 ; manuf. ; dwell, 1,142, and pop. — v,%. 
6,775, fr. col. 1, fl. 2,242~total 9,019. Capikil : Abbeville 
Ptd'lie Works: Fort feainesand Pensacola E. B, 

Hesrt county, Ga. Situate N. W. centrally, and oou^ 
tains &S7 sq. m. A head of Ockmulgee r. drains it N. E., 
and a branch its S. part. Surface diversified, and soils very 
productive of cotton and the grains. Farms 1,003; manul 
3 ; dwell. 1,6S0, and pop.— wh. 9,743, fr. col. 14, si. 4,96^- 
total 14,726. Capital : McDonough. Puhlic Works : Macon 
and "Western B. E. 

Heney county, lU, Situate N. "W., and contains 804 e% 
m. Drained by Spoon r., an alllueut of lUinois r., and Ed- 
wards r. of the Mississippi in the S., and in the N. by Green 
r., a branch of Eock r., which bounds it N. W. Surface no* 
dulating or level; soil of great fertility, the river boltomfi 
espcoiiUIy, and makes this a great farming county. Farmfi 
2S1 ; manut 0; dwell. 772, and pi^p.— wh. S,S07, fr. coI.-(^— 
total 3,S07. Capital: Morrietowu. Public Works : Chicago 
and BoL-k Island B. B. 

Uexey county, Jnd. Situate E. middle, and contains 413 
sq. m. Drained by Blue r. and Falls cr. Surface level or 
undulating, and, with the exception of a small extent vS 
prairie in the I^'., the land was originally well timbered 
Wheat and corn are the chief staples, and a largo amount 
of stock is raised. Fanns 1,6GC ; manuf. 124 ; dwell. 8.0&4 ; 
and pop.— wh. 17,090, fr. col. 225— total 17,005. Capital: 
Newcastle, Pnllla Wai-}cs : Indiana Central B. E. ; Rich*- 
mond and Newcastle B. B. 

Hfnry county, Li. Situate S. E., and contains 432 sq. m. 
Drained by Chicaguaor Skunk r., anaflluent of Mississippi 
r., and its branches. Surface elevated, with good mill seats 
and a fev/ prairies; soil highly productive of all the graing 
and grasses. Farms 047; manuf. 20; dwell. J, 5-15, and 
pop.— wh. e,C95, fr. eoL 19— total 9,707, Capital : Mouni 
Pleasant. 

Heney connty, iTy. Situate N. In E, part, and contains 
263 sq. m. Drained by Little Kentucky r., an aflluent of 
Ohio r., in tho AV., and E. by branches of Kentucky r., Ita 
E. boundary. Surface diversified ; eoila very forlile, > To 



HEN 



HER 



bacco is the staple, but corn .in<l wheal are largely grown, 
and many swine fattened. Farms 1,1121); maiiuf. 75; dwell. 
l,4SS»and pop.— wh. 8,376, fr. col. 53, el. 3,013— total 11,442. 
Oipital : New Castle. Puhlic Works: Louisville and 
Frankfort K. E., and Louisville and Covington B. K. 

IIesry county, Mo. Situate AV. centrally, and contains 
T55 sq. m. Drained by Soutli Grand r., a branch of Osago 
r., and ita affluents Big Thibeau r., Honey, Tebo, and 
Deejiwater creeks. Surface varied, with considerable high 
land and much good timber; 6uil well adapted to grazing 
an>l grain growing. Farms 3*0 ; nmnuf. 11 ; dwell 561, and 
pop.— wh. 3,377, it, COL 8, sL 678— total 4,002. CkipUal: 
Clinton. 

IIkssy county, Ohio, Sitnate N. 'W., and conlalns 516 sq. 
tu.. Mauniee r. crosses it from "W. to K., and lis branches 
drain it. Surface level or undolaling, and soil fertile Farms 
807 ; manuf. 15 ; dwell. 610, and pop.*-wh. 3,435, fr. col. 0— 
ti)t,'d S,4.'>5. C'a^/Y<i^.' Napoleon. PuhUii Morl-'i: Wabash 
and Lrie Canal; Fori Wajne, Perrjsbiirg, onU BocdusLy 

Hexct county, Tenth Situate N. W., and contains S28 
sq. m. Bounded E. by Big Sandy r., an affluent of Tennes- 
see r., and drained "NV. by heads of Obion r., an affluent of 
the Mississippi. Surface level, and soil remarkably fertile. 
Tobacco is the leading staple ; wheat is a good crop, cotton 
Is grown and many sWine fatt<»d. Farms 1,47S; manuf. 51 ; 
dwell. 2,24ij, and pop.— wh. 13,SJ92, (r. col. 20, si. 4,S21— loUil 
1S233. CapiUii: Paris. i\ibli<3. Wor^x: Naehvillo and 
Mississippi R. li, 

llESkY county, yir^. Situate S. centrally, and contains 
35S sq. m. Drained by branches of Smith's r. and other 
affluents »jf Dan r., a branch, of the Poanokc. Surface 
broken, affording good water privileges; soil highly pro 
dueiive. rEobacco is the staple. Farms, 52S; manuf. 41; 
dwell 9SG, and pop.— ivh. 5,324, fr. coL 203, el. 8,340— total 
^672. Cajniiil: Marlinsrille. 

Henbt, p. v., Marshall county, IU-. : on the "W. side of 
Olinoia r., il2 m. N. by E. Springfleld- 

Uexry, p. 0., Spartanburgh dist., S. Car,: 03 m. N. W. 
O'lujubia. 

riKXET, p» o., Lawrenco county, Tcyvfu : TO 8. 3. W. 
Xnshville. 

TTr^rKY, p. 0., Sussex county, Tirg.: 4" in. S. 3. E. 
Eidimond. 

Henky cape, Vtrg,: on the S. side of the cntrancoto 
Chesapeake' Bay, 12 m. S. of Cape Charles, the opposite 
point. Lnt. 36^ iVS' N., and Ion. 76° 21' "W. 
IIbnut Clat Factv)ey, p. c, New Castle co., DeU 
IlENnY's CiLosa Eoaps, p. o., Se\ierco., Tenru: 17T ra. 
E. Nashville. 

IIcKEYfevixLE, p. T., MooToe county, Perm. : 91 m. K. E. 
Ilarrisburg. 

nENKiTiLLR, V. find sta., Clarke co., Jnd, : on the line of 
the JeffersouTiUe R. U., 19 m. N. JetTerson, and SS m. S. 
Indianapolis. 

IlEPBcits, L and p.. o., Lycoming county, Perm-,: 74 m. 
N. by W. Ilarrisburg. Lycoming and Loyalsock creeks 
bound it W. and E. Surface hilly and mountainous; soil 
dnit; and gravel. The t. has nnmi.Tous millfl and several 
manufacturing cstabhshments. Pop. 1,70L 

llEitnEKT, p. o., Kemper oo., MUa.: S6 m. E. N. K. 
-taokson. 

HEKcn-ASTTirM, p. 7., Jcfllir^on CO., Mo, : on the W. bank 
of Mississippi r., 23 m. below Su Louis, and 102 m. E. by 3. 
*eflerson City. It is a thriving v., and one of the chief 
shippirio: porta of tho Missouri lead region. There are 
:»evt.-ral shot towers and factitries In tho ncinity. Pop. about 
600. 

IlEnr.FORi>, p. v., Baltimore ca, Md^ ; ^ m, N. by W. 
Annapolis. 

llr.RF.FORD, t and p. o., Berks en., Petitu: 72m. E, by N. 
!Iarri?burg. Drained by the branches of Perkiomen er. 
S;;r!V.cediver?iflcd. Shonb's Mountain being on tlio N. E. 



boundary ; soil generally fertile. There are several manu^ 
faeturos and numerous mills in tlie town, and 1,417 inhal* 
itants. 

IIeeeford'b, p. o.. Mason co., Yirg. : on the E. eide of 
Ohio r., 2C3 m. "SV. N. AV. Kichmond. 

IIep.kimeb (?ouuty, ^\ 1'. Situate E. centrally, and coi> 
tains 1,370 sq. m. Drained N. by heads of Oawegatchie r., 
an affluent of St. Lawrence r., Beaver r., M.-osu r, Inde- 
pendence and Otter creeks, branches of Black r., which 
flows into Lake Ontario, and S. by East and "West Canada 
creeks, affluents of Mohawk r., which passes through it. Sur^ 
face much broken. The Adu*ondack Mountains occupy the 
E., crossing the Mohawk at Little Falls, and the Chateaugay 
and Otsqunga ranges cover much of tlie co. with high hills. 
Soil on the Mohawk very rich ; in the N. are extensive 
forests and the best of grazing, the co. being noted for its 
fine cattle and large dairies. It is well timbered, and tlic 
N. abounds in pine and hemlock. It also has great faeihtics 
for manufactures in "W. Canada cr., which falls 23 feet per 
mile, and the Little Falls of the Mohawk, which descends 
42 feet in three-quarters of a mile. The last arc celebrated 
for their beauty, the river bed lying 300 to 400 feet below 
the banks It has cut through. Minerals of almost every 
kind are found, iron ore, lead, limestone, and g}-iisum, 
being the most useful, and others, noted the world over for 
thu perfection and beauty of their crystals. Its staples are 
agricultural, butter, cheese, wool, and cattle. Farms 2.723 ; 
manuf. 277 ; dwell. C.G64, and pop.— wh. 8S,0G2, fr. cob 1S2 
—total 3S.244. (Ujtita!.: IlL-rkimer. PiUjiio Works: Eric 
Canal ; Utica and Schenectady I!. Pv. ; Mohawk Vality 
11. L. ; Saratoga and tiackett's Harbor 11. 11. 

UnRKiMzii, t., p. v., and cap. Herkimer co., K 1'.: 66 n\ 
W, N. W. Albany. Drained by West Canada and other 
creeks of Mohawk r., which last runs along the H. burdet 
Surface levul in the 8., being occupied by extensive alluvial 
fl.atd— in the N. it is somewhat hilly; soil generally ftr[ilt\ 
The V. on the N. bank of the Mohaw-k contains the courN 
house, jail, etc., and has about 1,200 inhabitants. The " 11 
Democrat" is issued weekly. In tho t there are flouruag and 
other mills, tanneries, stores, etc Pop. 2,602. 

llnn-MAN, L and p. o., Dodge co., Wise : 53 m. E. N, K 
Madison. Drained by affluents of Pvock r. It is a fine 
agricultural section, and is connected with Milwaukie by a 
plauk-road. 

llERiLvxN, p. o., Bipley county, 7rt.c7. .• 63 m. S. li. 
Indianapolis, A small German settlement. 

IIehiiann, p. v., and cap. Gasconade co., Jfy.: on the Ss 
bank uf Missouri r., 42 m. E. byN. Jefferson City. It con- 
tains the county buildings and several stores, and is chiefly 
inhabited by Germans. It is a place which, in the progress 
of events, must beei>me of commercial importance. The 
'* n. Woehenblatl'' (dem.) is published weekly, and tho 
" Licht Freund" (rationalist), monthly. Population 043. In 
this vicinity, the cultivation of the vine is a prominent 
business : at least 2O0 acres of land are now devoted to this 
department of industry, and the quantity of wine manufac*- 
tured has averaged, for the last few yeais, 1S,000 to 20,000 
gallons. 

IIeemttagb, p. a. Point Coupee par., Zai. : 42 m. N. "W 
Baton Eouge. 

IIkt-siitage. p-. T., Floyd co., Ga, : near the Ooslanaula r 
142 ra. N. W. MUledgevUie. 

IlEEMirACE, p. o., Decator csx, Tenn.: 61 m. W. S. W 
NashviUc. 

JIermttage, p. v., Coles county, IlL: 62 m. E. by 3 
Springflekl. 

Hermitage, V. and sta., Suffolk co., 2T, IT; on the line 
of the Long Island P« P^, 69 ni. from Brooklyn and 6 m 
(Tom Greenportm 

Uecjdtage, p. 0., "Wyoming county, N. Y. ; 219 m. W-. 
Albany, 

Ueeiutage, p. 0., Mercer co., Pentu : 207 m. W. N. W 
Harrisburii 

asr 



HER 



HIG 



ITekmitage, pi. T,, Aagusta co., Virff. : 107 m. TV. N". "W 
Eirlimoml. 

IlEnMiTAGK, p. T., Ilickory co., Mb.: on the E. eide of 
Foinnio Ue Tcrrc r., 78 m, 8. W. Jefferson City. 

IIermon, t. and p. o., Penobscot co., Me. : 55 m, N. E. 
Augusta. Drained on the N. W. by a branch of Kendus- 
keag r., and in Ihe 8. by Sowadab^eook r., which passes 
Mirough several large ponds. Surfaco elevated and rolling; 
Boil moderately produclive. Pop. 1,374. 

Hkrmon, I. and p. o., St, Lawrence co., X. Y.: 136 m. 
K. K. W. AllKiny. Drained by small aftluenis of Crass and 
Ofiwegatehie rivers. Surface rolling ; soil clay-loam, adapt- 
to grazing. Timber very abundant, and iron, etc., exists in 
large quantities. Pop. 1,602. The "Walertown and Pul*- 
dain K. li, wdl run on the W. border of Ilerraon. 

IIernanko, p. v., and cap. De Solo co., Jfus.: on the N. 
of Coldwater r., and about 20 m. E. of Mississippi r., 163 
m. N. Jackson. It contains a court-house, several stores, 
and about 400 inhabitants; and a newspaper, the " People's 
Press" (dcni.), is issued weekly. A railroad has been pro- 
jected Jience to Commerce, on the Mississippi river. 

IIebod, p. 0., Bartholomew co., Iiui.: 40 ra. 8. 8. E. 
Indi.inapolis. 

IIeeki* K, t. and p. o., Bradford county, Penn.: 112 m. 
N. N. E. Uarrisburg. 

IIeep.ing, p. 0., Aflen co., Ohio: S6 m. N. "W. Columbus. 

llEuiaoTTbYiLLE, p. V., Alleghany co., PenfL : 178 m. AV. 
Uarrisburg. 

Heheodtown, p. v., Randolph co., Ga.: 134 m. 8. W. 
Milledgeville. 

IlEETfoRD county, K. Car, Situate N. E., and contains 
S39 sq. ro. Drained by Meherrin r., and other atfluonls <if 
Chowan r., which is its E. boundary. Surface low and 
level, with a good growth of pine; soil moderately fertile. 
Much lumber is exported. Farms 378; raanuf. 20 ; dwell. 
831. and pop.— wh. 3,553, fr. col. 8T8, si. 3,71G— total 8,142. 
Capitdl : Murfrcesboro'. 

IIehtfoed, p. v., ami cap. Perquimans co., IT. Car. : on 
the S, bank of Perquimans r., near its entrance into tlie 
bay of the same name, 182 m. K. N. E. Raleigh. It con- 
tains a court-house, etc., and has about 2i»0 inhabitants. 
Perquimans Bay is an arm of Albemarle Sound, and ad- 
mits the navigation of vessels of consiilerabic bunlen. 

llESA Road, p. o., Niagara co., A'", Y.: 272 m. W. by N. 
Albany. 

Hessville, p. v., Montgomery co., JV. K ; 42 m.W. N.^. 
Albany. 

Hesxee, p. v., Marlon county. Mo.: 67 ra. N. by E. 
Jelferson City. 

Hktrick's, p. o., Tork county, Penn. : 85 m, 8. by E. 
Harrisburg. 

IIeuvelton, p. v., 8t. Lawrence co., y. Y. .* on the N. or 
right bank of Oswegatchie r., 7'm. above Ogdensburg and 
152 m. N. N. W. Albany. It contains several mills, stores, 
etc., and about 300 inhabitants. 

IIevknek's Stoi'.k, p. 0., Highland county, TiV^;. ; 136 m. 
■W. N. W. Richmond. 

IIkwit, p. v., Boone county, Vlrg.: 2-12 m. W. by N. 
Richmond. 

lIiBEENiA, p. 0., Clark county, Ifui. : 92 m. S. 8. E. 
Iniliaiiiipolis. 

iliBERNiA, p. v., Callaway co., Mo.: on the N. side of 
Missouri r., opposite Jvfferson City. 

HiBKUNiA, p. o., Butler co., Penn.: 173 m. W. N. W. 
Harrisburg. 

JliBERNiA, p. 0., Duval CO., Flor. : 163 m. E. Tallahawee. 

HuiERSiA, p. v., Franklin co., OMo: on the E. side of 
Big Walmil cr.. 8 m. E. Columbus. 

ItiRRUMA, p. 0., Duchess CO., jr. Y. 

UiCKEitfON'e Cross Roads, p. o., Morgan co., OMo : 63 m. 
E. S. E. Columbus. 

Hick.mav county, Ky. Situatfi W., and contains 224 
Bq. m. B(»unded W. by Mississippi r., and drained by Litlle 
2S8 



Obion r., and other of ita aflluents. Surface dffersifled, and 
soil generally very fertile. The staple is tobacco, but coru 
and the other grains are large crops, and swine are raised 
in large numbers. Farms 546 ; manuf. 9 ; dwell. 656, and 
pop.— wh. 3,932, IV. col. 1^, si. S41— total 4,791. CapikU : 
Cohunbiis. PuhlU\ Work^ : Mobile and Ohio R. R. 

IIiOKMAN county, Tenn. Situate W. centrally, and con- 
Liins 596 sq. m. Intersected by Duck r., a tributary of ibe 
Tennessee, and drained by its numerous branches. Surface 
Taried, and soil productive of tobacco, the grains, and some 
cotton, and supporting great numbers of swine. Farms 
77S; manuf. 16; dwell. 1,296, and pop.— wh. 7,559, fr. col. 
22. si. 1,S16— total 9,397. Capital: Vernon. 

IIicKUAN (furmerly Mills Point), p. v., and cap. Fulton 
county, A'//.: on the E. bank of the Mississippi r., 266 m. 
W. S.W. Frankfort. It contains acourt-hou80,jail, etc., sev- 
eral forwarding and commission houses, 14 or 15 stores, and 
a large tobacco stemmery. It ia the shipping port of a largo 
and fertile agricultural district; and here is published the 
"■ II. News Letter" (neutral), a weekly issue. Pop. about 600. 
HiCKMAK's Bend, p. o., Mississippi co.. Ark.: 126 m. 
N. E. Little Rock. 

UicKonr county, Mo. Situate W. centrally, and contains 
396 sq. m. Drained by Little Pomrae do Terre r., and 
other affluents of the Osage. Surface undulating or prairie; 
soil very good, well timbered, and adapted to grazing. 
Farms 190; manuf. 6; dwell. 3&4, and pop.— wh. 2,143, tr. 
ool. 1, si. 1S5— total 2,329. CapikU: Hermitage. 

HiciiOHT, p. 0., Carroll county, Ohio : lu6 m. E. N. E. 
Columbus. 

Hickory, p. v., "Washington county, Perm.: 192 m. "W. 
Harrisburg. 
HiCKOBT, p. v.. Lake eo., HI. : 202 m. N. E. Springfleld. 
Hickory Barken, p. o., Greene co., Mo. : 104 m. S. Vt. 
Jefferson City. 

Hickory Cornkks, p. o., Barry co., Mich. : 42 m.W. 3.W. 
Lansing. 

Hickory Corners, p. c, Niagara co., N. Y.: 243 m. 
W. by N. Albany. 

}HcK0RY Ceeek, p. o., Audrain co., Mo.: on a cr. of Au 
Cuivre r. so called, 02 m. N. E. by N. Jefferson City. 

Hickory Cheek, p. o., Coffee county, Tenn..: 67 m. S. E. 
Nash Wile. 

Hickory Creek, p. o., Fayette co.. III. : on the creek of 
Kaskaskia r. so called, 6S m. S. 8. E. Springfleld. 

Hickory Flat, p. o., Cherokee co., Ga. : 108 m. N. N-W- 
Millcdgeville. 

Hickory Fij.t, p. o., Simpson co., Xy. : 132 m. S. W, 
Frankfort. 

HicKOBV Flat, p. o., Tippah co., Jfi5«. ; 164 m. N. N. E. 
Jackson. 

Hickory Fork, p. o., Gloucester connty, Vtrg. : 43 m. 
E. by S. Richmond. 

Hickory Ground, p. o., Norfolk co., Virff. : 98 m. S. E. 
Riehmond. 

Hickory Grove, p. o., Montgomery co., Ala.: 24 m. 3. 
Montgomery. 

Hickory Grotb, p. o., Crawford co., Ga. : 49 m.W. S.W. 
Milledgeville. 

HicKoiiY Grove, p. o., Jackson county, Mich. : 33 m. S, 
Lansing. 

HicKOBY Grove, p. o., Oktibbeha CO., J//^.: 118m.N. E. 
Jackson. 

Hickory Gbovb, p. o., Warren co., Mo. : 60 m. E. by N 
Jefferson City. 

Hickory Grovk, p. o., Jackson county, Ja. : 63 m. N. E. 
Iowa City. 

Hickory GR0^'E, p. o., York dist., S. Car. : 7T m. N. 
Columbia. 

Hickory Head, p. o., Lancaster dist., S. Car.: 59 m. 
N. by E. Columbia. 

Hickory Hill, p. o., Marion co., III.: 96 va. S. 8. E. 
Springfield. 



HIC 



HIG 



0., Beaufort dist., S. 0:ir. ; 105 m. B. 
o., Cass county, Tex.: 2S3 m. N. E. 



HicKORT IIiLL, P.O., Chester co., Fetm. : 67 m. E. by S. 
narrisburg, 

liicKORT Hill, p. t., Colo county, Mo.: 17 m. 8. W. 
Jeffersun City. 

Hickory Hill, p. 
Oolumbia. 

HicKOF.T Hill, p. 
Austin City. 

HicKor.Y Letel, p. o., Talladega co., Al^. : 92 m. N. by E. 
Montgomery. 

Hickory Letel, p. o., Carroll co., Ga. : 114 m. W. N. W. 
"MSlleiigeville. 

HicEiiRT Pi.ACT, p. o.. Prairio co.. Ark.: S3 m. E. 8. E. 
Little Hock. 

HicKOKY Plains, p. o., Tisheniingo co., Miss.: 196 m. 
N. E. tTnt-kson. 

Hickory Point, p. o.. M'Douough co., III. : "6 m. N.W. 
epringfidd. 

Hickory Point, p. c, Lake co., Ind. : 13G m. N. W. 
Indianapolis. 

Hickory Kun, p. o., Carbon co., Penn. : 67 ra. N, E. 
Harrisbiirg. 

Hickory Tavern, p. o., Harlord co., J/*/. ; 47 m.N. N. E. 
Annapolis. 

HiiEORY WrrnE, p. c, Fayette county, Tenn. : 161 m. 
W. S.W. Nashville. 

HirKPnuRon, p. t., Dorchester co., Md. : 67 m. S. E. 
Annapolis. 

HicKPFORD. p. v., and cap. Greenville co., Virg. : on the 
right bank of Mchcrrin r., 62 ni. S. IMohnmnd. It CDntains 
a court-house, jail, etc., and has about 150 inhabitants. The 
Petersburg R. K. paeses near tiie v., and here forms a junc- 
tion with the Greenville and lloiinoke It. li., which at 
Gaston connects wilh the Raleigh R. ii., etc. 

HiCK^iniRViLLE, p. T., SchuylkUl co., Ptttn. 

Hick's Mills, p. o., Dc Kalb co.. III.: on Sycamore r., 
162 m. N. by E. Springfield. 

IlicKsviLLE, p. v., Rutherford county, K Car.: 192 m. 
W. S. W. Raleigh. 

HicKsviLLE, I. and p. v., Defiance county, Ohio: 12S m. 
N. W. Columbus. Drained by affluents of Maumeo river. 
Surface varied, but mostly level; aoil sandy Inam or allu- 
Tion. The t. is a email agricultural settlement. Popula- 
tion of L 507. 

HrcKviLUS, p. v., Oakland co., Mk/i. : 56 m. E. by S. 
Lansing. 

Hico, p. o., Carroll co., Tenn. : SO m.W, by S. Nashville. 

HiGGANUM, p. v., Middlesex co.. Cwin.: on the E. side 
of Connecticut r., 21 m. H. by E. Harttord. It has a conve- 
nient, lauding. 

HiQGiNS, p. o., Fayette co., III. : 58 m. S. S. E. Springfield. 

HiGGiN's Ferby, p. v., Edgefield <list., <S. l\ir. : on Saluda 
river, 44 m. W. by N. Columbia. 

HiGGiNSPORT, p. v., Brown co., 0/iio: on the N. bank of 
the Ohio r, nt the mouth of White Oak cr, 91 m. 8. S. W. 
Columbus. It is a considerable v., containing 53G inhabit- 
ants, and has several mills and stores, and enjoys some 
river trade. 

HiGGiNSTiLLE, p. V., Oneida co., ^^. Y.: 93 m. N. "W. 
Albany. 

HiGGFNSvTi.LE, p. V., Vermillion co., III.: 112 m. E. N. E. 
Springfield. 

HiGCiNsviLLE, p. v., Hampshire county, Virg.: 162 ra. 
N. W. Rifhmond. 

High Bli^e, p. o., Jackson co., 3fo. : 126 m. W. by N. 
JefTerson City. 

High Falus, p. v., Ulster co., A\ Y. : at the high falls of 
Kondout cr., 116 m. S. by W. Albany. It contains several 
extensive mills, 6 slorfs, and 60 or 70 dwellings. About half 
a mile below the falls is a celubrated sulphur spring. The 
Delaware and Hudson Canal follows the valley of Ron- 
dout creek. 
HiGBGATE, L and p. v, P^anklin countv, Verm. : 63 m. 

19 



N. N. W. Monlpelicr. Drained by Missisqui r. in the 8., 
and Rock r. in ibe N., and situate on Missisqui Bay, an arm 
of Lake Champlain. 'Hie t. has tluo watt-r- power. Surface 
dirersitled; soil sandy loam. Bog-iron ore is found here. 
The v. is located al the 8. extremity of the bay, and is a 
small but pleasant settlement. Pop. of t. 2,653. 

HniiiGA'rE Spring, p. o., Franklin county, Venn.: 55 m, 
N. N. W. Moiitpclicr. 

High Grovb, p. o.. Nelson county, A'y. ; 47 m. 3. "W. 
Frankfort. 

IIiQU Htll. p. o., Montgomery co., Mo.: 54 ra. N. K 
Jefferson City. 

HiGu lIiLL, p. o., Muskingum co., Ohio: 57 m. E. by N. 
Columbus. 

Hk.uland county, Ohio. Situate 8., and contaius 463 
sq. m. Drained by Paint and Rattlesnake creeks of the 
Scioto r.. Brush and White Oak creeks of Ohio r., and E. 
fork of Little Miami. Surface liigh an<l rolling, and soil very 
fertile. It has fine water privileges, and some limber, is an 
excellent farming co., and exports wo<-'l and i>orb. Farms 
2,8'23 ; manuf. 151 ; dwell. 4,477, and pop.— wh. 24.952. tr. coL 
829— total 25,731. Capital: Hillsboro'. Piii>lic Work*; 
Cincinnati, IlUIsboro', and Parkcrsburg R. R. 

HiGULAND county, Virg. Situate cculrally, and contains 
4.36 sq. lu. Dramed by heads of 8. fork of P<itoraac r. iu the 
N. ; in the S. by Cow Pasture r., and other heads of Jamea 
river. Surface elevated, the county lying between the Alle- 
ghany and Shenandoah Mts., but a tine table-laud of great 
fertility, producing the grains abundantly and feeding many 
c«ttlc and sheep. Farms 3S9; manuf. 7; dwell. G51, aud 
pop.— wh. 3,y5a, fr. col. 1(>, si. S64~lolal 4,-22T. CapU<ii: 
Monterey. 

HiGnLANU, p. v., Vermilli<m co., Irul. : on the W. side 
of Wabiisli r., 64 m. W. Indianapolis. 

Highland, v.. Clay co., Ind. : on the line of the Terre 
Haute and Riclmiund R. R., 55 m. W. S. W. IndiauapoUa, 
and 12 ni. from Terre Haule. 

HiGiii^Ni), p. o., Tlshemingo co., Miss.: 197 m. N. E, 
Jackson. 

Highland, p. v., Madison co., Hi.: 73 m. S. Springfield. 

HiGiiLANP, p. o., Shelby county, Ala.: 6S m. N, by W. 
Montgomery. 

HiGULANP, t. and p. o., Oakland co., Mich. : 48 m. E. by 8. 
Lansing. It lies on the high land forming the shed betweea 
Ibe Shiawassee and Huron rivers. Pop. S51. 

HiGnLAND, p. T., Eitchie county, Virg.: 233m. N. W. 
Richmond. 

HioiiLAND, p. T., Highland co., Ohio : on Lee'a cr.,63 m, 
S. W. Columbus. 

HiGULAND, p. 0., Bath CO,, Ky. : 62 m. E. Frankfort. 

UiaiiLAND, p. o., Bradford co., Penn. : 113 m. N. Harris 
burg. 

HiGHLANB, p. v., Jackson CO., Tf^nn. : on the W. or right 
side of Cumberland r., 66 m. E. N. E. Nashville. 

IIiGiiL.\ND, p. o., Iowa county, Wise: 42 m. W. by Sb 
Madison. 

Highland, p. o., Jackson co.. Mo. : on the W. side of 
Little Blue r., 123 m. W. by N. Jefferson City. 

Highland Grove, p. o., Greenville dial., *?. Cur.: 113 
m. N. W. Columbia. 

Highland Grove, p. o., Harford co., Md.: 62 m. N, 
Annapolis. 

HiGULAND Mills, p. v.. Orange co., K Y.: 90 m. S. by 
W.Albany. Here are several mills and stores, and about 
30 «IweIIings. 

Highland Mili^, p. o., Morgan county, Virg.: 152 m. 
N. N. W. Richmond. 

LiGiiLANi'S (Mattcawan or Fishkill Mountains), 2^. K 

.S<f<^ FmnKlLI. MOU-NTAINB. 

High Market, p. v., Lewis co., iV. Y. : 117 m. N. W. Al- 
bany. 

High Pine, p. o., Randolph county, Ala • 86 m. N. E. 
Montgomery. 



HIG 



HTL 



HiGQ Point, p. o., Mercer co., IlL: on Edwards r., 114 
m. N. W. Springfield. 

Hion PoiKT, p. o., Cole co., Mo. 

BioiiLiND Peairie, p. 0., M'Henrj county, Til.: 194 m. 
H. N. E. Springflt'ld. 

High Ridge, p. o., Fairfield county, Oonn. : 47 m. S. W. 
Hartford. 

HiGU BiioALS, p. o., Morgnn co., Qa.; on the Appala- 
dhoe r., at the rapid 60 called, 49 m. N. N. W. Millodge- 

mie. 

High Shoals, p. o., Rutherford county, W. Ckir. : 169 m. 
W. S. W. Raleigh. 

High Spire, p. v., Dauphin co., Penn.: on the line of the 
Pennsylvania R. R., 6 ni. 9. E. Harysburg;. 

High Spiuno, p. o., Greene co.. Mo. : 113 m. 3. W. Jeffer- 
aiin City. 

HiGiiTOWEE, p. o., Forsyth co., Ga. : 112 m. N. W. Mil- 
led gevllle. 

HiGiiTowBHS, p. c, Caswell co., iPI Oar.: 63 m. N. W. 
Baleigh' 

HiQiiTSTOwN, p. v., Mercer co., K J. : 19 m. E. Trenton. 
Tho Camden and Amboy R. R., 22 m. from South Amboy, 
and 41 m. from Camden, passes through it. It has a news- 
paper, the " Village Record," a weekly issue. Population 
about 400. 

High View, p. c, Frederick co, Vlrg. : 137 m- N. N. "W. 
Eichmond. 

HiGHViixE, p. o., Lancaster oo., Perm. .* 47 m. B. E. Ha> 
rtsburg. 

Highway, p. o., GrcenvUlo dist., S. Car. : 107 m. N. W. 
Golumbia. 

niLHAM, p. o., OTerton co., Tenn. : 73 m. E. by K". Nash- 
tUle. 

Hn-L, t. and p. v., Grafton co., K. /Tamp. : 28 m. N. N.W. 
"Concord. Drained by Smith's r., which on the E. border 
empties into the PemigewasseL Surface uneven and hilly — 
Ragged Mountain lying on its S. boundary; soil gencniUy 
fertile. The v. is located in the 8. E., and is built on one 
Btreel, and by a bridge connected with Sanbomton. The 
Bristol Branch R. R. passes through Hill, Pop. 951. 

HiLLABEE, p. T., Talladega co., Ala. : C7 m- N. by E. 
Montgomery, 

HiLLEOAB, p. 0., Montgomery county, Pcnn. ; 81 in. E. 
Hanisburg. 

HrLLERMAHf, p. o., Massac co., IlL : on tho N. bank of tho 
Ohio r., 16S m. S. S. E. Springfield. 

Hill Grove, p. o., Darke co., 0/iio: 87 01-^7. Columbus. 

Hill Geote, p. o., Pittsylvania co., Mrg. : 122 m-W. B-W. 
EJchmond. 

UiLLHorBE, p. o., Lake co., Ohio : 147 m. N. E. Columbus. 

Hilliam'b Stork, p. o., Marsliall co., Al<z. 

Hilliaed's, p. o., Shelby county, T&p. : 255 m. E. N. E. 
A.uslin City. 

Hilllabdston, p. v., Nash CO., JV. Ckir. : 63 m. E. N. E. 
Ealeigb. 

niLLiARXwvrLLB, p. T., Hcnry county, Ala. : 97 m. S, E. 
Montgomery. 

HiLLSBORo' county, /^or. Situate S. on TV. side of the pe- 
ninsula, and contains about 3,200 sq. ra. It has the Gulf of 
Mexico for its W. boundarj' ; In the N.W. Tampa or Espirilu 
Santo Bay, a large inlet of the Gulf, into wliich flow Ilills- 
boro r., Alafla r., Indian r., and Manatee r. ; and in the 
S. W. Charlotte Harbor, another Inlet, which receives Pease 
cr. and other streams. It covers a large extent of territory as 
yet unsettled, where nature exhibits some of her greatest 
productions in the niajeslio forests of cedar, magnolia, and 
cypress that cover It, The surface is various, parts being 
marshy, "with impenetrable swamps, and parts floe rolling 
cotton lands. Soil, where cultivated, very fertile, and gen- 
flrally heavily timbered. Tho productions embrace figs, 
oranges, and pomegranates. Tampa Bay affords a fine 
harbor. Farms 120; manuf. 9; dwell. 263, and pop. — wh, 
1,711, fr. col. 6, aL 660— total 2,877. CupUai: Tampa. 
£90 



Hillsborough county, X. Uamp. Situate S., and con- 
talus >44 sq. m. Drained W. by Contoocook r., N. by Pis- 
cataquog r.. S. by Souhegan r, and Nashua r., all tributa- 
ries of the Merriniae, which flows S. through the E. i)art of 
the I'o. Surface uneven and broken. Much of the soil is 
fertilf, and most finely adapted to grazing and grain-grow- 
ing, lid streams afford great water-power, especially the 
Merrimae, on wliich are many large cotton and woolen 
factories, and thriving manufacturing cities and villages. 
Among these, Manchester and Nashua stand first, and have 
advantages hardly surpassed in New Eugland. Farms 
8.6T5; manuf. 309; dwell. 9,939, and pop.— wh. 57,359, fi*. 
col. lis — total 67,477. Capital: Amherst. PuhlicWorks: 
Nashua and Lowell R. R. ; Concord R. E. ; Nashua and 
Worcester R. R. ; Peterboro' and Shirley R. R. ; Wilton 
R. R. ; Contoocook Valley R. R. ; New Hampshire Conlral 
R. K., eto. 

HiLLSBOKorGH, p. v., LawTcnce co., Ala. : on the Mem- 
phis and Charleston R. R., 172 m. N, N.W. Montgomery. 

HiLLScoRouGu, p. V., UnioH county, Ark. : lis m. B. 
LitUe Kock. 

HiLisBOKOUGH, p. V., Oneida county, iV, Y. : % m. N. W. 
Albany. 

HrLifiBOROiTGn, p. v., Jasper county, Ga. : 26 m.W. N.W. 
Milledgeville. 

HiLLsitoEOTTon, p. V., Fountain county, Ind. : on the E. 
fork of Coal cr., 56 m. W.N. W. Indianapolis. It contains 
about 2(0 dwellings, 

UiLLSBORoncn, p. v., and cap. Montgomery co.. lU. : on 
the E. of the Middle Fork of Shoal er., 47 m. S. S. E. Spring- 
field. It contains a court-house, jail, etc., several stores and 
mechanic shops, and about 6\^)0 inhabitants. The Terro 
Haute and Alton R. R. will pass through the village. 

HiLi^BOEOuGH, p. V,, Hemj county, la. ; 49 m. 3. 
lowaCily. 

IIiLLSBOEoron, p. v., Fleming county, JS^j/.: 74 m. E. 
FrankforL 

HiLisBOROuon, p. v., and cap. Scott co., Mi-^a.: on a 
small branch of Pearl r., 41 m. E. by N. Jackson, It con- 
Liins a court-house and several stores and mechanic shops, 
and about 630 inhabitanla. The North Carolina E. JL 
passes through iL 

lliLL6BORoirGH, p. V., CaTolinc CO., Md,: on the E. sldo 
of TuL-kahoe cr., 65 m. E. Annapolis. 

IIin^BOEoroH, p. v., and cap. Jefferson co.. Mo. : on the 
high laud between Big r. and the Missbsippi, 92 m. E. 3. E. 
JelTerson City. It contains a court-house, jail, etc., and has 
several stores. 

IIiLLSBOEouoH, p. T., flud cap. Oraugc county, J^. Car.: 
on Eno r. of the Neuse, 42 m. N. W. Raleigh. It contains 
a court-house, jail, etc., has several stores and mechanic 
shops, and publishes two newspapers, the " Recorder" 
(whig), and the "Democrat" (dem.), both weekly issues. 
Pop. about 600. 

lliLLSBOEOUGH, t and p. v., Hillsborongh co., X. Hamp. 
21 m.W. S.W.Concord. Drained by Contoocook and Hills- 
borough rivers, which supply water-power. Surface uneven 
and hilly ; soil of moderate fertility. Tho v. has considerable 
manufactures', and in the t. are numerous industrial estab- 
lishmenis, as mills, factories, mechanic shops, etc Popur 
lalion 1,6S6. 

HiLLSBORorcn, p. v., and cap. Highland Co., Ohio: 61 
m. S. S. W. Columbus. It contains a courtrhouse, jail, etc., 
several mechanic shops and stores, and inlSSOhad 1,392 in- 
habitants. Two newspapers are published here, the " H. 
Gazetto" (dem.), and the "Highland News" (whig), both 
weekly issues. Hillsborough is a principal station on the 
Cincinnati, Hillsborough, and Parkcrsburg R. R., and aa 
such must become the dep6t for a wide and fertile country. 
It is 00 m. by railroad route from Cincinnati. 

HiLLaBOEoroH, p. v., Washington co., Penn, : on tho 
National Road. 173 ni. W. Harrisburg. Pop. about 200. 
The site is 1,002 feet above the Ohio r. at Wheeling. 



HIL 



niN 



IIiLLPBOEoron, p. v., Coffee county, Te7ni. : 67 m. 6. E. 
Nashville. 

II rLLS BOROUGH, p. V., and cap. "Washington co., Oreg. : 
on a branch of Tualatin r., 42 m. N. Salem, aad 14 m. W. 
Portland. 

IliLLSBOEouGH, p. V., Loudon CO., Mrg. : 123 m. N. by "W. 
Eicbniund. It contains several mills and etorcs, and about 
goo inhabitants- 

EiLLSBOBOUGn Bbidoe, p. o., Hillsborough co., KJlamp. : 
on the N. side of Conloocook r., wliich is here crossed by 
a bridge, 20 m.W. S.W. Concord. The Conloocook Valley 
li. K. baa its preat-nl terminus at this point. 

HiLLSBORouGU CENTRE, p. o., Hillsborough county, Ji^ 
Bamp, : 23 m.W. S. W. Concord. 

Hill's Corneks, p. o., Penobscot co., Ma, 

Hillsdale county, MU'h. Situate S., and contains COS 
eq. m. Drained S. by heads of St, Joseph's r., flowing into 
Maumee r., and N. by heads of St, Joseph's r., emptying 
lut-j Lake Michigan. Surface undulating, with occasional 
marshes, and some of the highest land in the peninsula ; soil 
a black, sandy loam, and very productive of grain, but leas 
adapted to grazing. In the N. are "oak openings," but 
the rest of the co. was originally timbered heavily. Fine 
building sandstone is plenty in parts, and iron ore is found. 
Its streams have many fine mill-seats. Farms 1,411 ; manuf. 
45 ; dwell. 2,905, and pop.— wh. 10,153, fr. col. 6— total 16.159. 
Capital: Hillsdale. Fu/jlic Works: Micliigan Southt-ni 
E.R, 

HiiLSDALE, t. p. T^ and cap. Hillsdale co., MicJu : on the 
outlet of St. Joseph or Bourbeso Lake, 55 m. S. Lansing, and 
on the line of the Michigan Southern K. It., and about 70 
miles from Monroe and Toleda It is eligibly situiito as a 
maimfacturing place, having a large water-power, and as a 
centre of trade has many advantages. The v. contains a 
court-house, jail, etc., and about 60p iuhabit;mts. Two news- 
papers are published here, the " U. Gazette" (dem.), and " H. 
Standard" (whig), both weekly issuea. Pop. of L 1,067. 

Hillsdale, p. v., Guilford co., ^. dr. .* 84 m. W. N. W. 
Ealeigh. 

Hillsdale, t. and p. v., Columbia co., .Al K ; 32 m. S. 8. E. 
Albany. Drained byAncram and Copake creeks. Surface 
hilly and mountainous, conUiining Taghkannac Mountain ; 
Boll gravelly loam and clay. The village, sometimes called 
the " Turnpike," contains 2 churches and several stores, and 
65 to 30 dwellings. The Housatonic Station, on the Harlem 
E. li., is IS m. from Chatham Four Corners. Pop. 2,123. 

Hill's Grove, p. o., M'Donough co.y IlL: TOulW.N.W. 
Springfield. 

Hill's Grove, p. o., Sullivan Co., Penn. .* 65 m. N. by E. 
Harrisburg. 

Hill's Mills, p, c, Cook county, III.: 167 m. N. E. 
Springfield. 

Hill's Store, p. o., Pumdolph co., M Oir.: 78 m. W. 
Ealeigh. 

Hill's Valley, p. o., "Williamson co., Tenn^ 

Hill's Virw, p. o., "Westmoreland co., /V;in, .• 12S m."W. 
Ilarrisburg. 

Hillsville, p. T., and cap. Carroll co., Yirg. : on a cr. of 
Kcw river, 203 m.W. S. "W. Richmond. It contains the co. 
offices, and about 200 inhabitants. 

Hillsville, p. v., Lawrence co., Pcnru: 197 m-W, N-W. 
Ilarrisburg, 

Hill Tup, p. v., "Wayno county, Penn.: 147 m. N. E. 
Ilarrisburg. 

HiLLTOixTC, t and p. v., Bucks county, Penn, : 80 m. E. 
Harrisburg. Drained by branches of Niehaminy river. 
Pop. 2,103. 

Hilocuee, p. 0., "Washington co., Arh.: 143 m. N. "W, 
IJtUe Kock. 

Hn-TON, p. T., Monroe county, Ky,: 114 m. 6. B. W. 
Frankfurt 

UiLTijN'a, p. o., Sullivan county, T&nn. : on Iho Ilolston, 
243 m. E. Nashvilla 



Hinckley, U and p. o., Medina county, Ohio: lOS m. 
3Sr. E. by N. 0<">lumbu3. Drained by Eoek r.. which affords 
numerous mill-sites. Surface elevated and broken ; soil 
fertile, adapted alike to grain and grass. Iron ores, coal, 
and red sandstone abound. Pop. 1.416. 

Hinds county. Miss. Situate W. centrally, and contains 
851 eq. m. Drained by nfflueul^ of Pearl r., its E. boundary, 
and of Big Black r., its N. W. boundary, and S. by Tallaha 
cr., which flows into the Mississippi. Surface level or roll- 
ing; 60il ^ery fertile, and admirably fitted for cotton grow- 
ing. C'Ott<)n is the great st«ple, com yields well, and some 
rice is made. Jackson, Uie capital of the State, is in its E. 
part, on the Pearl r. Farms S52 ; manuf. 3 ; dwell. 1,C56, 
and pop.— wh. S,690, fr. col. 25, si. a6,62o— total 25,340. 
Capiti.ll : Jackson. Public Works : Vicksburg, Jackson, 
and Brandon 11. R. ; Raymond Branch li. E. ; New Or- 
leans. Jackson, and Northern R. K. 

HiXDS, p. o., Brazoria co., Tea.: on tho W. sido of Oyster 
cr., 162 m. S. E. Austin City. 

HiNDSBD-RCu, p. v., Orleans co., 2^. Y. : 216 m. W. N.'W. 
Albany. 

Ul^•E8BTJKG^, U and p. v., Chittenden co., Venn. : 24 m. 
"W. by N. Montpelier. Drained by Platte r. and Lewis cr. 
Surface uneven ; soil fertile, well adapted to grass. The v. 
is on Platte r., and is buitt on one street. Some manufac- 
tures are carried on in the L, and there are facilities for 
their increase. Pop. 1,S37. 

Hus-Es' AUli£, p, c, Ohio county, Ky. : 131 m. "W. S. W. 
Fraukfurt. 

HiNESTon, p. o., Rapides parish, la.: 116 m. N. W 
Baton Rouge, 

Hiis'KsTiLLn, p. v., and cap. Liberty co., Ga. : on the pine 
land S. of Taylor's cr., 130 m. S. E. Milled geville. It con- 
tains about half a dozen dwellings, 

HiXGUAii, L and p. v., Plymouth co., Mass. : 13 m. S. E. 
Boston, Situate on the S. side of Boston Bay. Surface 
broken; soil in parts fertile, but not generally so. The v. is 
located at the head of an arm of the bay, and on the line 
of the South Shore R. R. It is a place of considerable trade, 
and is much employe*! in coasting and the fisheries. lu 
the L there are several manufactures. Pop. 3,9S2. 

HxNKLESBUBGn, p. V., Oldham co., Ky. : 38 ul W. N. "W. 
Frankfort. 

IIinkleton, p. o., Lancaster co., Penn.: on tho N. eido 
of C-onestoga cr., 41 m. E. S. E. Harrisburg. 

HiNMAKsviLLE, p. V., Oswego CO., JS\ Y. : 132 m. N. W. 
Albany. 

Hlnsdale, t. and p. v., Berkshire co., Mass. : 108 m. W. 
Boston. Drained by several creeks, afllueuta of Housa- 
tonic river. Surface elevated ; soil generally good, and well 
adapted to grass. The v. is a small central settlemenL In 
the L there are several manufactories. Pop. 1,253. The 
Western R. R. passes through the t, and has a station a 
little W. of the vUlage. 

Hi>bDALE, t. and p. v., Cheshire co., K Ram^. : 59 m. 
S. W. by W. Concord. Situate in the extreme S. W. comer 
of the State. Drained by Asbuelot r. and its branches, and 
small streams falling into Connecticut r., which is its W. 
boundary. A range of hills, from SOO to 900 feet high, 
crosses the L E. and "W. Surfiice, with this exception, 
moderately uneven ; soil fertile and well cultivated. The 
Asbuelot li, Pv. passes through iU Pop. 1,903. 

Hlnsdale, L and p. v., Cattaraugus co., N, K : 2S4 m. 
W. by S. Albany. Drained by Ischua and Clean creeks, 
and contains a small lake called the Reservoir. Surface 
hilly and somewhat broken ; soil well adapted to grass. 
Tho V. is situate on the Genesee Valley Canal and on tho 
New York and Erie R. R., and contains several mills, me- 
chanic shops, stores, etc., and about SOO Inhabitants. It is 
eligil>ly situate for a considerable trading town, and has 
unvisual facilities for expansion. Pop. of t. 1,302. 

Hinton's Geove, p. o., Pickens co., AU^: 126 m. N. W. 
Montgomery, 

291 



Hlft 



HOL 



lIiEAM. t and p. 0., Oxford co., Me. : 65 m. S. W. Augiiata. 
Drained by Saco r., which runs through it and affords im- 
mense water-power. Surface diversified; soil of average 
fertility. Pop. 1.210. 

IIiRAM, t and p. v.. Portage co., 0?no: 133 m. N. E. 
Columbus. Drained by Cuyahoga r. and its affluent^, and 
also by some head branches of Maboniug river. Surlace 
elevated ; soil rich and fertile. The v. is central, and on a 
branch of Mahoning river. Pop. of L 1,106. 

UiiJAiiuuEGn, p. v., Morgan co., Ohio: G6 m. K. S. E. 
Columbus. 

llrrcucocKVTLLE, p. 7., Litchfield co., Comi. : on the W. 
branch of Farmington r., 21 ro. N. W. Hartford. It con-' 
tains several shops and stores, and about 250 inhabitants. 

lIiTEsviLLB, p. v., Coles county, III. : 88 m. E. S. E. 
Springfield. 

IlrwABBEE river, Oa. and Teyin.: rises in Union county, 
Georgia, and flowing int<.> Tennessee enters the Tennessee 
r, 12 ni. S. W. Washington. 

llis'9 Ferrv, p. o., Uandolph co., At'i:. : at the crossing 
of Current r., 146 m. N. N. E. Little Itock. 

IIizEBViLLE, p. v., Oneida county, 2i. Y. : 97 m. N. W. 
Albany. 

HoAULEY, p. o., Raciae county, Wise. : 76 m. E. by S. 
Mad won. 

HoAu's Corner, p. o., Eensselaer county, 2^' Y. : 12 m. 
E. by S. Albany. 

lIoBAKT, p. v., Delaware co., A^. 1'. .■ on 'the head waters 
of Delaware r., 51 m. "W. 8. W. Albany. It contains several 
mills, stores, etc., and about 300 inhabitjints. 

IloBAET, p. v., Lake co., Ind. : on Deep r. of the Calumet, 
12S m. N. W. Indianapolis. 

lIoBBiEviLLE, p. v., Grccue county, /n(f. ; 77 m. S. W. 
Indianapolis. 

IIoBBiETiLLE,p. v., Alleghany CO., iV; K ; 21-4 m. W. by S. 
Albany. 

noBRYviLLE, p. V., Spartauburgh dist, S. Ccpr. : 97 m. 
N. AV. Columbia. 

HoBOKEN, p. v., Hudson co., Jf. Jer. : on the W. bank 
of the Hudson r., 62 m. N. E. Trenton. It lies immediately 
opposite New York City, with which it is connected by three 
ferries. Within the past few years it has become a large v., 
chiefly inhabited by persons doing business in Uie neigh- 
boring metropolis. The Elysiau Fields lie immediately N. 
of the v., and are a famous holiday resort in the summer 
and fall seasons. 

HocKANUM, p. v., Hartford co., Conn. 

HocKANuM, v., Hampshire co., 3fiiss. : on the E. side of 
Connecticut r., and at the base of Mount Uolyoke, 83 m. W. 
Boston. There is at this point a horse ferry across the r. 
The V. contains a tjivcrn, and about a dozen dwellings. 

HocKnocKiNG river, Ohio: rises in Fairfield co., and 
aflcr a course of about 80 m. through a hilly country, enters 
the Ohio at Hocking Port in the t of Troy. Its name in the 
Delaware language means a bottle. It is navigable for 
small craft to Athens; 7 m. N. W. of Lancaster it falls over 
a ledffe of rock 4U feet perpendicular, and above the falls 
resembles " a bottle" in shape, whence its name. The coun- 
try through which it passes is wild and picturesque, and 
along its banks numerous ancient mounds and fortifications 
are found. The lower valley abounds in yellow pine. The 
Hockin;^ Canal follows the valley of this river. 

HocKiNQ county, Ohio. Situate S. centrally, and contains 
861 sq. m. Drained by Salt cr. and Hocking r. and its 
branches. Surface considerably broken, with a few high 
hills; soil fertile, producing large crops of grain and some 
lubacco, and furnishing excellent grazing. Grain and pork 
are the chief exports. Farms 1,1S0; manuf. 15; dwell. 
2,367. and pop.— wh. 14,003, fr. col. IIT— total U,119. 
Copital: Logan. Public Wor/cs : Hocking Canal. 

Hooking Port, p. v., Athens co., Ohio: at the entrance 
of Big Hockhocking r. into the Ohio, 83 m. south-east 
Columbus. 



HoDODON, t. and p. c, Aroostook co.. Me. : 153 m. N. E. 
Augusta. Situate on the E. line of the State, and drained 
by branches of Meduxnekeag river, which empties in the 
St. John at Woodstock, N. B. Surface diversified ; soil ex- 
cellent for wheat and grass. Pop. S02. 

HoDGDON's Mills, p. o., Lincoln co.. Me. : 2S m. S. E. 
Augusta, 

HoDGENsviLLE, p. V., La Eue county, Kjj. : 64 m. S. W. 
FrankforL 

Hodgb'8 Bend, p. o.. Fort Bend co., 7kr. ; 146 m. E. S. E. 
Austin City. 

HoFF.MAN*3 Fkbby, p. o., Schcnectady co., A'. Y. : IS m. 
N. W. Albany. 

Hoffman's Gate, p. o., Columbia county, ^V. J'; 29 m. 
S. 9. E.Albany., 

HoGANSBUEGn, p. v., Franklin co., iV. Y. : on SL Eegis 
r., 2 m. from its entrance into the St. Lawrence, and 153 m. 
N. N. W. Albany. It has several large mills and stores, and 
about 300 inhabiljinls. Steamboats pass up the r. from the 
St, Lawrence to this point, 

HoGANsviLLE, p. V., Du Buquc CO., la.: 60 m. N.N. E. 
Iowa City. 

HoGA_NsviLLE, p. V., Troup CO., Ga.: on Yellow Jacket 
cr. of Chattahoochee r., 100 ra. W. byN. Milledgevme. The 
Lagrange K. E. passes through it 59 m. from Atlanta. 

HoG CRF.EK, p. o., Allen county, Ohio: 81 m. N. W. 
Columbus. 

HoGESTOwN, p. v., Cumberland co., Penn. : 9 m. S. W. 
Harrisburg. 

Hogle's Cbrek, p. c, St. Clair co.. Mo. : on a cr. of Osage 
r. so called, S2 m. W. S. W. Jeffersou City. 

Hog Mountaln, p. o.. Hall co.. Ga.: ou the S. W. part 
of the CO., ^9 m. N. N. W. ^filkdgeviUe. 

HoHENLiNDEN, p. V., Chlckasaw county, J/isa. ; 12S m- 
N. N. E. Jackson. 

HoLCOMB, p. v., Burke co.,Ga. ;on the N. side of Ogecchcc 
r., 64 m. E. S. E. Milledgeville. It is a station of the Con- 
tral E. E., 100 m. from Savannah, and 91 m. from Macon. 

UoLBEN, t. and p. o., Worcester co., Ma.3S. : 43 m. W. 
Boston. Drained by Blackstone and Nashua rivers, which 
have immense water-power. Surface somewhat uneven : 
soil, except on tlie rivers, indifferent. The manufactures of 
the town are considerable. Pop. 1,933. 

HoLDEBMAN's Gbove, p. o., KctidaU CO., Jll.: 126 m. 
N. N. E. Springfield. 

UoLDEBNESS, t. and p. v., Grafton co., jV. Uamp. : 37 ra. 
N. Concord. Drained by tributaries of Merrimae r., which 
lies on its W. side ; and Squam Lake lies on its E. bi>rdcr, 
and aff'^rds by its outlets, which flow into Pemigewasset, 
excellent water-power. It has several mills and factories, 
and 1,744 inhabitants. The Boston»Coneord,and Montreal 
R. K. passes through the S. W. corner, 45 m. by route fVom 
Concord. 

HoLUERNESS Centre, v., Grafton co., S. Ilamp. : 86 m. 
N. Concord. 

Holland, I. and p. o,, Hampden county, J/iwfl. .• 63 m. 
W. S. W. Boston. Drained by head branches of Quinne- 
baug r. It is a small town, with some manuCacturea. Pop. 
of if 4+9. 

Holland, t. and v., Ottawa co., Mic7i. : at the confluence 
of Black r. with the estuar>' so called, 76 m. W. Lansing. U 
has good harborage, and the v. is a thriving place of some 
400 inhabitants. The " Hollander," a weekly newspaper, is 
published. Pop. of t. ],S29. 

Holland, t. and p. v., Erie co., N. y: .* 237 m. W. 
Albany. Drained by Seneca and Cazenova creeks. Sur- 
face high and rolling; soil moist clay and sandy loam. The 
village consists of about 35 dwellings. Pop. of t 1,316. 

Ht>LLAN», p. 0., Venango county, Pemi.: 197 m. N. W. 
Harrisburg. 

HuLLAND, t and p. o., Orleans co., Verm. : 59 m. N. N. K 
Monlpelicr. Situate on tho Canada border. Drained by 
streams flowing N. into Lake Maasawippi, S. into Seymour 



HOL 



BOL 



Lake, and W. into Lake Memphreraagog, the waters of all 
which arc ultimately discharged through 6t. Francis r. into 
ihe St. Lawrence. Surface elevated, and has several ponds, 
the sources of (he streams indicated ; soil fertile. Pop. 6(JL>. 

UuLLAND JfATEST, p. V., Oiieida county, J^. Y.: SI m. 
\V. N. W. Albany. It contains 2 churches, aa endowed 
nc^idemy. and about mM^inhabit^inls. 

Holland's, p. o., Laurens diHtrict, *i Otr. ; 63 m. N. "W. 
Columbia, 

HoLLEY, p. T., Orleans co., X. Y,: on Pandj cr., 216 m. 
W. N. W. Albany. The Erie Canal and the liocheater, 
Lockport, and Nijigara Falls E. U. here cross the creek. 
It is an active trading place of between 350 uiid 400 in- 
habi(;tnt& 

lIoLLiDAYSBL'KGn, p. b., and cap. Blair co., Penn. : on 
Beaver i»:im er., S3 m. W. N. W. direct, or by railroad 137 
m. from Ilarrisburg. It is a place of considerable trade, 
and hoA some manufactures. The Alleghany Portage It. 11. 
commences here and passes over the Alleghanies, uniting 
the two sections of the Pennsylvania Canal, and also the 
eastern and weslern divisions of the Penasylvauia P. R. 
llollidaysburgh baa four newspapers, the '• Democratic 
&tandar<i" i^dem.), the "II. liegislj^T"' (whig), the "Shield'' 
(relig.}» ^"^ '^^ " Bluir Counly Whig," all weekly i^-sues. 
Pop. in 1&40, l,6i96, and in ISOO, 2,41T. 

Hulliday's Cove, p. o., Hancock county, Viri/. : 276 m. 
K. \V. Kichnioud. 

Uollidavsville, p. v., Dooly co., Oa.: on the E, bank 
uf Flint r., 112 m. S. S. W. Milledgeville. 

HoLLiNGswoETH, p. V., Ilabcrsham co., Ga, : on a branch 
cf Hudson's fork of Broad r., 94 m. N. by W. MiiltHlgeville. 

IIoLLis, t. and p. v., York co., M-p. : 69 m. S. W. Augusta. 
Drained by allluentd of Saco r., which is its E. border, and 
Ossippee r. nms along its N. border. Surface diversified ; 
eoil generally fertile, with some fine meadows. The rivers 
nflford excellent mill-t^ilcs. The v. lies on Saco r., opposite 
Buxton, with which it is connected by a bridge. The York 
and Cumberland li. 11. crosses the t. and r. a little to the N. 
Lutnber is extensively manufactured, and there are potr 
leries etc. Pop. of t. 2,6S3. 

lIoLLis, p. v., Peoria co., Ill : 54 m. S. by E. Spriugfleld. 

HoLLis, t. and p. o., Hillsboro' co., JV. Ilamj?. : 35 m. S. 
Concord. Drained by Na.shua and its tributaries, and 
ponds and other streams of Merrimac river. There is 
nmch fine farming land in the L, which is well cultivated. 
The V. lies contrail v. I'op. of t. 1,2^3. 

HoLLis Centre, p. o., York county, Md.: 71 m. S. W. 
Augusta. 

HoLLisTEii's Mills, p. c, Holt co., Mo. : 204 m. N. W. 
Jefferson City. 

lioLLi&ToN, t, and p. v., Middlesex co., J/ii**. .■ 25 ra. 
W. S. W. B(»slnQ. Drained by a branch of Charles river. 
The V. is situate centrally, and there is a st;iUun on the MU- 
ford Branch li. K. The t. has e«usiderable manufactured. 
Pop. 2,42S. 

lIuLLow Cbeek, p. o., Lexingt*in dist., S. Oar.: on a 
creek of Saluda r. so called, 27 m. W. Columbia. Popula- 
tion 1,912. 

Hollow SviL.uiE, p. o., Greene co.,Alii. : 9S m-W.N.W. 
MoJilg<.imery. 

Holly Ckuek, p. o., Murray co., Gn.: on a creek of 
Oostanaula r. so called, 147 m. N. W. Milledgeville. 

Holly Guove, j>. o.. Walker co., Ala.: 139 m. N. W. 
MontgoniiTT. 

Holly Gilove, p. c, Bl^warl co., Go.; 126 m. S. W. 
Milledgeville. 

Hollt Hill, p. o., Charleston disL, S. Car. 

HoLLV Point, p. o.. Drew county. Ark.: 97 m. S. S. E, 
Little Uix-k. 

Hollt KnTniiaT, p. o., Wilkinson oo., Miss.: lOS m. 
tj. W. Jaeksou. 

Holly Spklnq, p. v., Wuke co., 21. Car. : IG m. N. X. W. : 
Eaieigh. ' 



Holly Smmo, p. o., Dallas co., Ark,: 64 m. B. by W. 
Little liock. 

Holly Spklngs, p. t., and cap. Marshall co., Miss. : on 
an elevatetl site or watershed dividing the streams, 1G3 m. 
N. by E. Jackson. It contains a court-house, jail, several 
stores, and about 600 inhabitants, its success is pn^spective, 
but there is every reason to beliore that it will shortly be- 
come a great railroad and business centre, as it lies on the 
routes of several projected lines of important roads. Two 
newspapers, the " H. S. Gazette" (whig), and the "Jack- 
Boniau" t^dem.), are Issued weekly. Pop, about 600. 

HoLiiDKL, 1). v., Moimioulh co., .V. Jer.: 3^i m. E. by N. 
Trenti.)n. It is a smiill t. on an nfBuent of Navcsink r., 
and contains about 20 dwellings. 

Holmes tHJunty, Flor. Situate N. W., and contains 738 
sq. m. Choclawatehie r. runs S. through it, and it is drain- 
ed by its branches. Surface mostly even, with some con- 
siderable elevations; soil on the streams fertile, and much 
covere<i with pine. Cotton is the staple. Farms 1»3 ; 
mauuf. 0; dwell. 267, and pop.— wh. 1,481, fr. col. 0, si. 163 
—total 1,644. Capital: Cerro Gordo. 

Holmes counly, Miss. Situate N. centrally, and contains 
STO eq. m. Yazoo r. bounds it W., and Big Black r. E., by 
braiuhea of which it is drained. Surfaco various, and soils 
excellent. It possesses much good watsr-power, a part of 
which is improved, and raises large numibers of cattle and 
swine. The principal business is the eullure of cotton, for 
which the soil is very favorable. Farms 640; manuf. 21; 
dwell. 995, and pop.— wh. Ei,537, fr. cul. 4, si. 3,377— total 
13,91S. C<iptUU: Lexington. 

Holmes county, Ohio. Situate E. centrally, and contains 
4;i9 sq. m. .'riurlaco diversified, and ia parts broken ; soils 
of excellent qu:ility, equally adapted to grass and grain. 
It has rmmeruus manufactories, and raises many cattle, 
sheep, and swuie. Farms 2,171 ; manuf. 122 ; dwell. 3,436, 
and pop.— wh. 20,448, fr. col. 4— total 20,452. i.\ipital: 
Millersburg. Public Work^ :. Millersburg Extension of the 
Akron and Hudson li. li.; Ohio and Pennsylvania K. E. 

HuLUBs' Bay, p. o., Washington co., Mf. 

Holmv:bbubgu, p. v., Philadelphia co., /'e;in.: on Penny- 
pack cr., 96 m. E. Hai-risburg, and 9 m. N. Philadelphia. 
The cr. is navigable to Lewis' Mill, in the neighborhood. 
Pop. about 400. There is a mill here erected 1697, and 
built of st^jue. 

Holmes' Holf, p. v., Dukes co., Mass. : on the W. Eido 
of the buy so called, 69 m. S. S. E. Boston. The village haa 
about 400 inhabitants. Holmes' Hole is an important har- 
bor on the N. side of Martha's Vineyard, deep enough for 
the largest class of vessels, and secure. It is much resorted 
to by mariners when the winds arc unfavorable to rounduig 
Cape Cod, and as a port of refuge it has no superior. The 
inhabitants have, a number of vessels, chiefly employed in 
coasting and the fisheries. 

Holmes' Valley, p. v., and cap. Washington co., Flor. : 
94 m. W. Tallahassee. Situate on Holmes' creek, which 
empties through Choetawatehie r. into the bay of the same 
name. It has a court-house and about 60 inhabitants. 

Holwesvillb, p. v.. and cap. Appling co., Ga. : on a 
branch of Little Santilla river, Hi7 miles B. E. Millodge- 
ville. It contains a courl-honse, jail, etc., and about 160 in- 
habitants. 

HuLME3viLLE, p. V., Avoyellcs par. La. : on the W. bank 
of Bayou T6ehe, 73 m. N. W. Baton liouge. 

iluLMEBviLLB, p. V., and cap. Pike co., Miss. : on the W. 
side of Bogue Chitto r., 72 m. S. Jackson. It has a court- 
hniue, and contains abuut 600 inhabitants. The "Tem- 
I'erance Banner" is a weekly newspaper, published here. 

lIoLMESviLLE, p. v., Hulmea county, Ohio: 71 hl N. E. 
Columbus. 

HoLteToN. p. v., Washington Co., Virg. : on Holston r., 279 
m. W. S. W. Itichmond. 

Hoi^TON SraiNtis, p. v., ScoU co., Virg. : 292 ra.W.S.W. 
liichmond. 

S88 



HOL 

HoLSTo.i Vallkt, p. o., SuliiTan co.. TeTwi.: 253 m. E. 
NashviUe. 

UoLT county, Mi. Situate N.W., and contains 442 sq. m; 
Drained by Nodaway r., which bounds it E., and Big and 
Little Tarliio rivers, all aftlucuts of Missouri r., which is its 
'W. boundary. Surface off the rivers, level or rolling ; on 
the Mbsourl aro lilulTs or high grounds. Soil productive, 
and well adapted to grazing. F:irm8 305 ; mauuf. 5 ; dwell. 
614, and pop.—wh. 3,b27, fr. coL 3, si. 127— total 3,<J57. Ckip- 
Uiil : Oregon. 

Holt's Store, p. o., Orange co., y. Car. : 47 m. N. TV 
Ealeigh. 

Holy Nbck, p. o., JJansemond co., Yirg. : 76 m. S. E. 
Eichmond. 

UOLTOKE, t and p. t., Hampden co.. Mews.: 93 m. W. 
Boston. Taken from N. part of West Springfield, and for- 
merly called Ireland I'arish. Drained by several creeks 
flowing to Wesineld r., and the Connecticut forms iu E. 
boundary. Surface, except on the Connecticut, hilly ; soil 
generally fertile. The v. is situate opposite South Hadley 
Falls, and dales back only a few years. It is intended to 
make it a large manufacturing place, and for this purpose a 
dam has been thrown across the river, securing to it an im- 
mense water-power. The v. will be built up by Boston 
capital, and already between four and live million dollars 
are invested in the enterprise. The manufactures are chiefly 
cotton, and there is also a very extensive machine shop 
here, at which the mill machinery is built. The " Hampden 
Freeman" (whig), is issued weekly. Pop. of t 3,245. 

HoLTOKE mountain, Hampshire co., Mass. : a range of 
mountains, terminating in a higli peak on the E. side of 
Connecticut river, opposite Mount Tom, and is, in fact, the 
same range as the latter, broken through by the Connecticut. 
Its greatest elevation is about 1,000 feet. Its faces on the 
river, and toward the N. are very ste^p and precijdtous, and 
generally well wooded. 

Ho.MASASSA, p. v., Benton CO., Flor. : at tho head of the 
river so caUed, 158 m. S. E. TaUab.i3see. 

Home, p. o., Indiana county, I'ain. ; 123 m. W. N. W. 
Harrisburg. 
Home, p. v., .Jefferson co., Inil. : S6 m. S. E. Indianapolis. 
Home, p. o.. Van Buren county, la. : 73 m. S. by W. 
Iowa City. 

Homer, p. o., Champaign county, III. : 90 m. E. N. E. 
Springfield. 

Homer, t. and p. v., Calhoun county, Mich. : 42 m. 
6. by W. Lansing. Drained by S. branch of Kalamazoo r., 
which has large water-power. Surface generally level — 
sometimes marshy ; soil fertile. The v. is a thriving settle- 
ment on the r., and has .about 300 inhabitants. Top. of t. 929. 
Homer, t. and p. v., Cortlandt county, jV; Y. : 122 m. W. 
Albany. Drained by Tioughuioga cr. and its tributaries. 
Surface level ; soil sandy and clay loam. The v. oa the W. 
bank of the creek has numerous mills, factories, and me- 
chanic shops, with stores, etc., and a population of 1,600 
Bouls. The " Cortlandt County Whig" is published weekly. 
The t. is also largely engaged in manufactures. Pop. 3,336. 
Homer, p. o., Potter co., Feiin. : 137 m. N.W.Hiu-risburg. 
no,MER, p. v.. Licking CO., Ohio: on tho N. fork of Lick- 
ing river, 31 m. N. E. Columbus. It contains several mills, 
mechanic shops, stores, etc., and about 400 inhabitanta. 

Homer, p. v.. and cap. Claiborne par., La. : on the E. aide 
of Bayou Dorcheat, 194 m. N. W. Baton Rouge. 

Homkuvilue, p. v., Medina county, Ohio .• S4 m. N. N. E. 
Columbus. 

Home Sprdjo, p. o.. Holmes co., Flor. : 109 m. W. N.W. 
Tallahassee. 

HoMSWoon, p. o., Scott county, J/in. ; 43 m. E. N. E. 
Jackson. 

HoMMESET Creek, p. o.. Buncombe Co., K Car. : 232 m. 
W. Ealeigh. 

Honsoye, p. v., Ontario CO., A' }'. .- at tho foot of Honeoye 
Lake, 1S9 m. W. by N. Albany. It has soveral mills and 
204 



_^^ HOO 

workshops, and about 200 inhabitants. Honeoye Lake is 
about S m. long and 1 m. wide, and is a beautiful sheet of 
water. 

HoxEoTE Faxis, p. T., Monroe CO., 2^. V.: on Honeoye 
cr, 192 m. W. by N. Albany. The cr. has here a fall of 100 
feet in 2 m., of which 30 feet is a perpendicular fall ia tho 
centre of the vUlage. It is the seat of numerous industrial 
establishments, furnaces, woolen factories, flouring mills, 
etc., and contains about l,4oo inhabitants. In the vicinity 
there is abundance of line building stone. 

HoKiaDALE, p. b., and former cap. Wayne CO., P«nn, 
at tho confluence of Dyberry and Lackawaxen creeks, 12T 
m. U. E. Harrisburg. It is the junction point of several 
railroads and canals, and may be considered as theW. tcrml. 
nus of the Delaware and Hudson Canal. It is a compara' 
tively new placc^in 1S40 it contained 1.036 inhabitanUs, and 
in 1S50, 2,263. Two newspapers are published here, tbo 
" Wayne County Herald" (whig), and the " H. Democrat" 
(dem.), both weekly issues. The borough has some import- 
ant manufacturer. 

Honey Bkook, t and p. o., CHiestcr co., P&nn. : &4 ro, 
E. by S. Harrisburg. Drained by branches of Brandywino 
river. Surface generally level ; soil sandy loam. There aro 
several mills, tanneries, stores, etc., in the L Pop. 1,929. 

Ho.NET Creek, p. o., M'Donald co., J/o. ; iu the S. W> 
corner of the State, 196 m. S. W. Jefl'erson City. 

Honey Creek, p. o., Walworth co.. Wise : on Honey oft 
of Fox river, 63 m. E. S. E. Madison. 

IIoxEY Cut, p. o., Baldwin co., Ala. : 136 m. S. S. Wi 
Montgomery. 

Honey Grote, p. o., Fannin co., Tm. : on Honey Grore 
cr. of Bois d'Arc r., 234 m. N. N. E. Austin City. 

Honey Point, p. o., Macoupin co.. III. : 47 m. S. by W» 
Springfield. 

Honey Town, p. t.. Dale county, -4^.; 97 m. S. S. H 
Montgomery. 

HoNEYviLLE, p. v., Page CO., Jlrff. : on Shenandoab r., 
96 m. N. W. Eichmond. 

Hood's Mili.s, p. v., Carroll co., Ijid. : on the W. branch 
of Patapsco r., and on the line of the Baltimore and Ohid 
K. E., 30 m. W. Baltimore, and 3G m. N. W. Annapolis. 

HoODSviLLE, p. v., Marion county, Virg. : 203 m. N. W. 
Eicnmond. 

Hooker, p. c, Hunt county, Tex.: 256 m. N. N. Et 
Austin City. 

Hookerstown, p. v., Greene co., ^. Car. : on the W. sida 
of Conteutnea cr. of JJeuse r., 63 ra. E. S. E. Ealeigh. 

HoOKEsTowN, p. T., Beaver co., Penii.: on a branch of 
Mill cr., 212 m. W. Harrisburg. Pop. about 250. 

HooKSET, t and p. v., Merrimac co.. A'. Hamp. .- 11 m. 
S. by E. Concord. Drained by Merrimac r., which runs 
through it, and has within the t. a descent of 16 feet in 19 
rods, around which is a canal a quarter of a mile long. The 
T. is situate on the W. side of the r., and on the line of the 
Coucord E. E., 9 m. S. Concord. In thet. there are several 
large cotton and other manufactures, and there is plenty of 
power for their expansion. Pop. 1,508. 

UooKSTOwN, p. T., Baltimore county. Mil. : 31 N. by Wi 
Annap<>lis. 

HoosifK, p. T., Greene eonnty, Wise: S3 m. S. by W 
Madison. 

Hoosick, t and p. o., Eensselaer co., y. Y. : 24 m. N. E. 
Albany. Drained by Iloosick r. and its tributaries. Surface 
hilly; soil clay, sand, and loam, with some gravel, well 
adapted to grazing. The t. has several extensive mills and 
factories. In Hoosick the various railroads from Albany 
and Troy to Eutland, etc., north, and to Boston, etc.. east, 
form junctions. The Troy and Boston R. E. passes through 
an immense tunnel, driven through the Hoosick Mountains, 
in the south part of the town. Pop. 3,724. 

Hoosick Fali^, p. v., Eensselaer co., K Y. : on both 
sides of Hoosick r., 26 m. N. E. Albany. The r. here has 3 
fall of 40 feet, affording immense water-power. The manu- 



HOO 



HOP 



factures carried on are considerable, and tho v. contains at 
least 61-IO inhabitants. 

UoosiCK mountain, Jfasft. : lies in Berkshire co., and is 
the source of a branch of Hooeick r. Its elevation is from 
l,5i>0 to 2,000 feet from its base. The Troy and Boston K. K. 
will piui^ through a. tunnel in this mouulain. 

IlnijKicK (or Iloosack) river: rises from two heads, one 
having its sources in Berkshire co., Mass., and the other in 
the mountain tracts of Bennington co., Verm. ; theso unite 
near H'losick Falls in New York, and the single stream 
meets the Hudson at SchaghticuUe, 15 m. N. Troy. This 
stream in many places is exceedingly rapid, and affords im- 
mense water-power. 

HoosiEB Gkove, p. o., Linn co., la. : 14 m. N. Iowa Oity. 

HoosiEE Geove, p. v., Greene co., Wise, : 43 m. S. by W. 
Madisiin. 

HooTENsviLLE, p. V., Upson CO., GcL : on the E. eide of 
Flint r., 60 m. W. by S. MilieUgeville. 

IIoovEF. UiLL, p. o., Randolph co., Al Ccir,: 72 m. W. 
EalL-igh. 

IIoovBB'fl Point, p. 0.. Macoupin co.. III. 

HoPALKA, p. v., Leake co., 3Ii^s. : 53 ra. N. E. Jackson. 

Hope. p. 0., Stewart county, Tenn. : 65 m. W. N. W. 
Nashville. 

Hope, p. v., Pickens county, Ala. : on Lubbub cr. of 
Tombigbee r., 13S m. N. W. Montgomery. 

Hope, p. v., Bartholomew co., Jnd. : on the S. side of 
Haw cr.. 37 m. S. S. E. Indianapolis. It was originally set- 
tled by the Moravians, and now c^^ntaius about 30U inhab- 
itants. 

IIoPB, t and p. v., Waldo county. Me.: SI m. E. S. E. 
Augusta. Drained by St. Ge^^rge's r. and its tributaries, and 
there are several small ponds in the town. Surface flat and 
soil sandy, but not unfertile. The village is in the E. part. 
Fop, of t. I,lu7. 

Hope, L and p. v., "Warren co., JV^ Jer. : 51 m. N. N. W. 
Trenton. Drained by Beaver and other creeks, affluents 
of Delaware r. The v. is on a branch of Beaver, and con- 
tains about 300 inhabitants. Pop. oft. 1,756. 

Hope, t. and p. v., Hamilton co., Al }' ; 52 m. N. "W. 
Albany. Draiut-d by Sacandaga r. and its tributaries, Stony 
creek, etc. Surface varied ; soil, except on the rivers, not 
very fertile. Hope village lies on the El side of t^aeandaga 
river, below the confluence of Stony cr. Pop. of t. 789. 

Hope, p. v., Franklin co., Ohio: 17 m. N. E. Columbus. 

Hope Centhe. p. v., Hamilton co., 2i. Y. : on Iho E. side 
of Sacandaga r., 55 m. N. W. Albany. 

HopenAXR, p. v., Harrison co., Ohio : 103 m. E. by N. 
Columbus. 

HopEDALE CoMMFNm' Settlement, Worcester co., J/(i.M. ; 
contains a population of ISi) souls. The associatiun owns 
600 acres of land, and carries on a dozt;n different branches 
of industry. It is represented to be in a flourishing and 
harmonious condition. 

Hope Falls, p. o., Hamilton county, y. T. : bS ra. N. E. 
Albany. 

Hope Farm, p. o., Louisa county, la.: 36 ni. 8. S. E. 
Iowa City. 

Hope Hill, p. o., Pike co., Mi'fiS.: 7S m, 6. Jackson. 

Hii'PE Hill, p. o., Gibson county, lejnu: 122 m.W. by S. 
Nash V ilk-. 

Hope Mill, p. o., Maury county, Teim. : 42 m. S. by W. 
Nashville. 

Hope Mills, p. o.. Page co., Virg.: on Shenandoah r., 
100 in. N. W. Bichniond. 

Hope Station, p. o., Lexington dist, S. Car. : on the line 
of Uie Grofuville and Columbia E. K.,29 m. from Columbia. 

Hopewell, p. t., Mahaska county, lu. : G4 ni. W. 8. W. 
Iowa City. 

HoPEWELt, p. v., Greene county, Ala.: 95 m. W. N. W. 
Montg')mery. 

Hopewell, p. v., Crawford co., Ga. ; 49 m. W. S. W. 
Milled go viUe. 



IloPBWELL, p. o., Chickasaw co., Mi^s. : lOS m. N. N. li 
Jackson. 

Hopewell, t. and p. o., Mercer co., K. Jer. : 16 m. N 
Trenton. Drained by tributaries uf Raritan river. Surface 
moderately uneven ; soil go<:)d for ^vheat and grass. The L 
has several grist, saw, gud oil miUs. etc.. and 3,696 inhat*- 
itants. 

Hopewell, U and p. v., Ontario county, N. Y. : 173 m 
W. by N. Albany. Drained chiefly by tributaries of Caiiai> 
daigua. outlet. Surface rolling; soil, clay loam. The v. is 
a slJitiitu on the Canandaigua and Elmira 11. li.. S milaj 
E. by 3. of the former place. The L has some manufactures. 
Pop. 1,923. 

Hopewell, p. v., Mecklenburg county, N. Car. : 127 Ui^ 
W. S. W. Ualeigh. 

Hopewell, t. and p. o., Muskingum co., Ohio: 45 m. El 
Columlnis. Drained by Licking creek and its tributaries 
Surface diversifled ; sod sandy loam and alluvion. The 
village is on the National Koad, and contains about 150 
inhabitants. Pop. of t. 2,3SS. 

Hopewell, p. v., Macon co., III. : 42 m, E. Springfleld. 

Hopewell, t.and p. v., Bedford county, Penn. : S3 m.W. 
Harrisburg. Drained by llaystown branch of Juniata rivej 
and its Iributiiries. Surface mountainous; soil, chiefly caU 
careous loam. Bituminous coal is abundant Pop. 1,392. 

Hopewell, p. v., Jennings co., Itid. : on a cr. of Muscatv 
tuk r.. C6 m. 8. S. E. Indianapolis. 

Hopf.well, *p. v., York district, & Car.: 66 m. It 
Columbia. 

HOPEWELL, p. o., Upshur county, Tex. : 243 m. N. ^ 
Austin City. 

Hopewell CorroN-WoEE6, p. 0., Chester co., Penn. ; 67 
m. E. S. E. Harrisburg. 

Hopewell Cp.oss Roads, p. o., Harford co., Jit. : on the 
main road between Baltimore and Philadelphia, where it is 
crossed by Ibc Havre de Grace road, 4 m. W. of Susqu^ 
hanna r., and 6 m. N.W. Havre de Grace. Large droves of 
cattle for the Eastern market pass this point. 

Hopkins county, K>j. Situate W., and contains 623 
sq. m. Drained by Green r., its N. E. boundary. Deer ami 
Otter creeks, and Pond r., its branches, tho last forming \l& 
E. boundary, and S. by Clear cr., an affluent of the VhUt, 
Surface moderatoly uneven ; soil very good, and in para 
timbered. Tobacco is the staple, corn and wheat yield. 
well, and much pork is raised. Farms 1,354; manuf. 10; 
dwell. 1,T3S, and pop.— wh. 10,199, fr. col. 50, si. 2.192— 
total 13,441. Capital : 'M.iidisonviHe. Public Wbrk^:l>iii3hr 
ville and Henderson E. E. 

Hopkins county, TKp. Situate N. E., and contains 1,064 
sq. m. Drained N. by theS. fctrkof Sulphur r. and While Oat 
Bayou, affluents of Red r., and S. by heads of Lake Fort 
of Sabine r. Surface slightly uneven, and in the N. prairie; 
soil mostly very fertile, generally covered with a dense 
growth of timber, and when cleared gives great returns of 
cotton and corn. Farms 221; manuf. 0; dwell. 4;35, and 
pop.— wh. 2,469, fr. coU 0; si. 154— total 2,623. Capital^ 
Tarrant. 

Hopkins' Grove, p. o., Polk co., la.: a little E. of Dep 
Moiyes r., 117 m. W. Iowa City. 

Hopkins' Turn Out, p. o., Richland dist., S. Car.: otx 
the Columbia Branch of the South Carolina E. R., 11 nt 
S. E. Columbia. -. 

HopKiNSYiLLE, p. T., flod Cap. Christian 00., Ky. : on 
Little r., 16S m. S. W. I'rankfurt. It contiiins a court-house, 
jail, etc., 7 or S churches, several academies, numerous 
stores and mechanic shops, and about l.SOO inhabitants; 
and it has two newspapers, the " People's Press" (dcm.), and 
tho "Green River Whig,'' both weekly issues. It lies on 
the proposed railroad line from Nashville to Henderson. 

HopKiNsviLLE. p. v., Warrcn co., Ohio: about a mile a 
of tho Little Miami R. R.. 76 m. 8. W. Columbus. It con» 
tains about 250 inhabitants. 

HopKiNTON, t and p. t., Middloaex co., Mass. : 27 m, 

296 



nop 



noT 



"W. S. ^V. !i(>nton. Prriiiicrt by bmiidies of CharlM und 
Mill nviTs, wliich bnve hoim' iiiill-f*ltfs. Siirriu'r nmuli ; soil 
ImlifTortMit. but w«'ll culliviili-d. Tin* J^wton iind Worcfslcr 
R. 11. runn on \tn N. bonlir. Jtojiklnlrm niinrral Hpriii^ 
Rro inuoh viMlcd in tlu' RiiinnuT, niul nre unid to bo reino- 
dlul. The V. is »ini«le cuntrully. Top. of 1, 2,Sii2. 

lloriiiNToN, t. un<! p. v., Morrlnme co., N. Ihimp. : 1 m. 
W. Conrcifkl. IlrniiK'*! by Cunloocook r. nu'l lis brnnches, 
WarniT iiinl IlliicUwntrr riv<n-<. Btirfiici' <ii\ tTt*i(b'd ; soil 
on (be river;* firlilr. 'lliu priiu-ipril v. containa tbu oouiity 
Jail. CoiiloofuokvilU* nnd AVf(*t llopkinton nro flourisbing 
tilhipcH OH tbo W. »i(io of Conloooook r. luui oti the line of 
tbi' Cuntnorouk Vnllcy li. K. Tlu- Omronl nnd Clnrcinont 
1{. K. aluo piiKHcs tlirouph tlio lown. IIlllu^.')l^e wiili-r-pnuer 
la fiirtilt*bctl by tlu- rivers, and iimiuifaetorle(* buve bui-n cs- 
cslablisbed In all Ibo villnp's. Tep. of I. 2,1G9. 

lIoi'KiNTON, t. and p. v., Si. Lawrence co., JV. >'. ; 140 m. 
CJ. N. "\V. AUmny. Draiiu'.d by Iho ItacUet and £5t. liepla 
rivers. Knrfucc in tlie S. billy and sterllf, and In Iho N. level 
end lerlilr. Tbo t. Ih abnul X) ni. lonj; iVom N. to S., and 
alKinl 8 ni. wido ; but Is si'iircely intiatiited in the S. i>ar(. 
The V. in the N. part of the I, eonliiins tibunt 200 inhabit- 
ai)t«. In the t there nro inimerous griitt and naw milltt, 
tnnnerlos, etc. Pop. 1,470. 

lloi'KiNToN, t. and p. v., Washington co., A'. /. ; 82 ni, 
p. \V. I'rovidenee. I)riiiiu'd by Wood r. and oilier aftlii- 
cnlH of I'burlea and raweatnek rivers, wbieh allord valu- 
fiblo water-power. Snrfaco low nnd level; soil fertile, 
iidApted to grain and grazing. The U has cotton, woolen, 
nnd iron nuinufaetvires. 'I'ho celebrated IJrand'a lrt)n 
WorkM are on Wood river, llopkliilon Cily i« n tlonrisbing 
». on ft bnuieh of I'liarlea r., In the 8. i>ftrt of the lowu. Top. 
S,4TS. rawciituck r. has pruduullvo llatieries of Bbad nud 
Ijlewives. 

IIori'Eu'B Mn.Lfl, p. o., llonderHon CO., ///. : OS m. N. W. 
eprliit;n.l.i. 

llniti.'.iN, L and p. v., Warren county. N. Y.: 07 ni. N. 
Alljiny. iiraiiK-d by nncnerous biko creeks, lirandt I.ake 
let wbnily wlibin this I., and Sebroon Lake partly a.>— both 
hiive tlu'ir oudetif in the Sebroon r., which bminds it on the 
W. Surface hilly and mountainous; soil indilTerent, except 
on tlip nlbiviala of the streams. Tho v. Ilea In the S. pari, 
nntl is a ?niall agricultural nelllement. Pop. of U l,lGii. 

lIoitiiON, p. v., Dodge CO., ICwt'. ; on llock r., 40 m. 
^. v.. Madison. 

lIoRNnito(.K, p. 0., Bradford county, 7Vn?». ; 109 ni. N. 
Ilarrit«burg. 

lIoiiNHV, t. and p. v., Stcubon co.. A'. }'. ; lC-1 m. W, by S. 
All'any. Drained by creeks of t'oidiocton rivers. Surface 
6i>mewb!tt billy ; soil of av«'rat,'e fertility. Pop. I.ni4, 

HouNi-.ui^viLLi'., t. and p. v., Slenlien co., A'. }'.; IDtl ni. 
"W. by S. Albany. Drained by C'aiiisteo r. and ltd Irilm- 
tarieM. Surface billy and broken, l»ut mnwlly arable. Tbo 
V. lies on Ihe I'anisleo r., on tho line of the New York and 
Krlo 11. K., and at tho point whero the UulValo and New 
Vork City IC K. diverges. There aro largo workshops 
hero, several stores, nnd nbout 1,200 Inhabitants. Pop. 
of t. 2,C8T. 

lIouNintSTOWN, p. T., Oeean co., N. Jer.: 89 ni. 8. E. 
Trenton. 

HoKNBT'e Ni»T, p. 0., Mccklonburgh co., A'. Car. : 13S m. 
TN'.S. W. Kateigh. 

lloKNsaoKouun, p. v., Chesterfield dist., S. Car, : 19 m. 
N. 1*:. Ctibunbia. 

lloiiNTowN, p. v., Accomno co., Virg.: 112 ui. K. by N. 
lilebinond. 

llouuv district, S. Car. Pitnftto E., nnd contalnB l.OTl 
•q. m. Lies on Ihe Atlantic Ocean, which is its P. E. bound- 
nry, and drained by Waccamaw r., whieh cri>fwcs Ibe comity 
fh»m N. K. to S. W., and liranehes of IJllle Pec Deo r., 
whIeh forms its W. b*mndary. Surface h)W and level; soil 
of moderate fertility, »y>n»if»llng In parts of niBrshcs well 
ndaptcil to rlcf growing. Ojfu, riuo, aud coltwu aro *Upl«i. 
CM 



Karms 731 ; mnnuf. 7 ; dwell. 9S0, and i)Op.— wh. B,621, fr 
col. &0. hi. '2,07.%- total 7.t'>-IG. (_\t}ntal : Conwaysboro.' 

llomui CiLKKK, p. o., Lexington dist., S. Car, 

IIoRsn Ckickk, p. 0., Dado county, Mo.: 123 va. 8. W. 
Jeffcrbon City. 

HoKHii: CauKK, p. o., 'WUl county, Jll: 123 m. N. E. 
Spriuglleld. 

II0H.SB CuKRic, ji. 0., Grecno county, Tmn,: 220 m. 11 
Na»hville. 

lIoa.SK CitKEK, p. o., llulhcrford co., N. Car,: 1S3 m. 
"W. S. W. Kaleigh. 

IlonHK ITkao, p. 0., Johnnon co., Ark.: on a creek of 
ArkansiuH r. so called, 91 m. W. N. W. LitUo liock. 

lloKHK Dkad, p. o., Mncon county, ihu: 76 m. 8. W. 
Milhtigtville. 

HoiwK IIkai>, p. o., Prince George's co., Md. 

HuiisK Pabtlke, p. 0., Henry co., Virg. : 148 ni.W. S.W. 
Ilichmoiid. 

HoiatK Pkn, p. 0., Choctaw CO., Miss.: 97 m. N. N. E. 
Jaek!*t>n. 

Hoa.4B SiioK, p. o., Pickens dlst., S. Car.: on a fork of 
Tugaluo r., 144 W. N. W. Columbia. 

UoiWR Suoic linNH, p. 0., Tallapooflft co., Alit.: on tho 
Tallapoosa river, ul Iho bend so called, 42 m. N. K. llout- 
gomery, 

lIoitsK SiioK RoTTOu, p. o., Eusscll CO., Ay. ; on Ibc S. sido 
of Ound)erland r., S7 m. 8. Frankfort. 

lIoiisEiiAM, t. and p. v., Montgomery co., Fenn.: 97 m. 
K. Ilarrlsburg. Drained by Nesbuniiny and Pennypack 
creekfi. Surface level ; soli calcareous loam. Tho v. called 
llorseham Sipiare, in the centre of Iho t., has a I'ricnd'a 
meciing-house, and about n dozen dwellings. l*op. of I. 
1,21J9. 

lIor^B\-'e Citosa KoADe, p. c, Sussox co., J)d. : 37 m* B. 
"Dover. 

lloKTON's Vau.ky, p. 0., Kusscll county, Mrg.: 278 nx* 
W. S. AV. Itichniond. 

lIoiiToNviLLii:, l>. v., Brown co., Wise: 118 m. N, N. E, 
Madison. 

Ho**KNSACK, p. o., Lehigh co., Fenn,: 83 m, E. N. E. 
llarrisburg. 

UosKiNBviLLK, p. V., Morgan co., Ohio: 69 m. E. by 8. 
Columbus. 

HoTruKisavii.i.r, p. 0., Lilchfleld co., Omn.; between 
the branches of Paniperang r., 32 m. W. S. W. liartlonl. It 
is a suudl nutnul'aeturing village of somo 8lH) inh.ibilantd. 

HoTKL, p. 0., Bertie co., A'. Car, : 101 m. K. llaleigh. 

Hot House, ]i. 0., Gilmer county, Ga,: 187 ni. N. W. 
Milledgoviile. 

Hot Si'itiNoa county, Ark, Bitunte 8. centrally, and con- 
tains ODD aq. m. Drained centrally and W. by Washita r., 
and K. by Salino r., a branch of tho Wasbila, nnd the E. 
lino of the Co. Surface high and broken, with level river 
botlonis; soils fertile, excellent corn laud, and Lho best of 
pasiurage. Cattle and grain are the staples. It etmtains 
vast deposites of coal and cclebrali-d hot mlncrul springs. 
Farms 320 ; manuf. 10 ; dwell, r.79, and pop.— wh. 3,237, fir. 
col. 11, si. SDl— total 3,r)09. C^tpHal : Rocki)orl. rullic 
Works : Little Kock nnd Shroveport K. R. 

Hot SiMiiNCjfl, p. v., and former cap. Hot Springs co.. 
Ark. : U m. W. S. W. Little Poek. It is a v. of some 200 
lnhalMlanl.>*. Here are a, large number of hoi springs l^eak- 
Ing from the W. side of a mountain, an<l flowing into a 
small er. of Iho Washita r., which is 6 m. S. of tho Springs. 
The temperature of tlic several sjirings vary from 110° to 
IBtlOFahr. About 3 m. N. E. are tho chalybeate springs, 
llio waters of which aro cold; and In Montgonury eo., 
about ;K) in. W. by N., are also sulphur springs. The wholo 
neigbborbo.Kl Is of voleanio formation, and affords lino 
sct-nery. which. In ctinjnnclion with the remedial properties 
of tho wat4!rH, linTc a hsppy cffoct on tho broken-dowa 
cnnilltnlion. 

Hot ai'KisoB, p. t., Ualh 00., Mrg. : 138 m. "W. X, "W. 



I 



IIOU 



IlOU 



KlcliiiKiiul. IIiTO l« » fiL-<liioiiubln wuU'rlug-plai't, wUh 
eiiTj in'«iinini"liitliiii lor Iriivul or »..ji>iirn. Dr. UoRi-rs's 
iiiwljsis of M "Mc liu'Uos of Uiu wnlcr n'mn llic solid iikU- 
lera wiiiUilncHl thori'lii iia follows— c'lu-lioimlo of llnxi, «S'J 
priiliisl »ul|>lmto of liino, TW; »nl|ilmto of nn.lii, M ; Wll- 
pliulc- of TiuiKiiosin, M ; ruvirluk' of «oiln, 087 ; nml sillrii, 
000. TluTi! iiro sU liiillis, aii.l llio hot pool or lislh nuiut-s 
from 100° lo 101=^ l'"iihr. Tliorolan holsponl for liulli'S, iwnl 
0111! lor Korillonu'ii, of lliii U'liipcTuluro of 106" l''iilir., wllli 
n full of ulioul 5 IVot. 'I'll.' oHI.'ju-y of IhcHo spouls In I'louvs 
of loi-nl pliJsU^al Ui!mii(,'.Muonl h will islaljll.tloil— lln'ir 
eunctivo propcrll.-s hellig niucli iiioit- riipUl In iiclkin timn 
If not Uuriiirtl. 
JioiioK'u Sroiiii, p. o., Curroll po., MJ. 
llouun'o StoKit, p. o., Jiuiiior Co., Mint. : 04 m. E. by S. 
tTiioksori. 

llorojiroN ooiinly, Mu'A. Hihinlo on llio Upper Ponin- 
Buhi, ill Hi.' oxtri'iiu' N., mill I'oiitjiliis l.DI" wi- ni. 11 con- 
sist iiriu.'ipnlly of n lurKO iH'iiliisiila, cxli'iiiliti); N. K. iulo 
Ijike SupiTior, Inilwcfil which iiiiil llio S. purl lira n hirRO 
liny. biMiriiiK the siiiiio imnii'— Kwwalwona Buy. It hiis 
niuny Binull atroimia flowlii;; iiit«i llio hiiy, "ml liikc— on Ihi- 
K niilo Yollow Uoc, I'iiio, Ihiroii, Stiirt;foii, Uiia-icllV, iiiul 
Toiiacc-i rivers; on tlio N. ami W.. l,owi'r Monmial, lCii(;kN 
l^almoii ■rroul, Khn, Mi8i:ry, ami Slcoplng rivers. .Surluco 
iiimh ilivurniHi'il, parts bcliiR rouK'li and rocky, and parls 
cnt up bj uimiiTona liiloLi of Uie lake. U has many lakoa 
or iionilu, the larsont of wliidi, l'ortaj;o l.ako, fvliiids 
ncrosn Ihi! pi'uinsula lo ii mile of tho N. W. cimsl, over 
whieh Uie Indiana imd Imnlers carry thelrcnnoes— wlienco 
Iho nmno. The iiKrleulliiriil ivsoiirccs of tho co. Iiavo been 
Utile examined as yet. It hius iinicli ((ood tliiilier and wiilrr- 
power. But Us chief wealth la In il.i minerals, principally cop- 
per. Here, In Immense miLsses, Ihe purest ami best of eo]>pcr 
Is found. Tho mines are of IndellniteexUiil, and of surpris- 
ing richness, and the amount exported Is Immense, Ihoiij^h 
bill a small part is yet wrouKlil, I'lirnib IS; nmnuf. 6; dwell. 
110. and pop.— wh. 707, 1'r. col. I— lobil 70S. Oltiil,U : ICaijIe 
Uiver. J'uldi<: nuiAa : Uroeii Bay and Copper Harbor U.K. 
HotrimTONViLLE, p. v., Wlndliain Co., Venn. : 03 ni. S. 
Monlpelier. 

Houi.KA, p. 0., ChlckiLsaw co.. Mm.: Vii ni. N. N. IC. 
Jackson. 

Uofi.ToN, t., p. v., anil rap. Arixistook co., 3f'j. : 1C3 in. 
N. K. Augiisia. It lies on Ihe New I'.niiiswick boiimliiry. 
Drained by McduxnekeiiK r., a branch of Ihe HI. .John. 
Surface elevated iinil level ; Boil generally fertile. The v. Is 
locatcl on the K. bank of the r., and about a mile N. Is the 
old United SUiles barracks. SUiRcs from lianRor ran dally. 
I'op. l,4.').'i— In 1840 It was 1,597— decrease conaequcnt on 
Uie iibamli>iiment of Ihe garrison. 

UoCMA, p. \ ., and cap. Torre II le par., An. ; on Bayou 

Tone Bonne, M m. 8. S. K. liulon UoiiHe. 

lloiTHATONlo, p. v., Berkshire CO., J/o.v/i. .* on the W. aide 
of Housalonlc r., and on tho line of tho llousalonic It. K., 
00 ni. from BridgeporU 

HocsATO.Nifl river, .I/ims. and (hnn. : rises by two branches 
in the towns of Lancsboro' and Windsor, Berkshire co., 
Mass., and these meet at I'lltsneld, where the river lorins; 
It then passes S., and enters Colinectieiit, and mecLs tlie liile 
14 in. above Its entranee into IjOiik Island Sound. Ita 
sources are more Uiaii 1,000 fei't atiove tho ocean; and In 
lis course of liiO miles it affords numerous mill siU'S, ami 
liiLs on lt.s banks many pleasant villiu^es and seats of 
nianufaeturlnix industry. The volume of water is not ordi- 
narily large, but In si-a.soii8 of flood its valley Is inundated, 
and the soli fertilizc-d by the alhivlon deposited by tiic 
waters. The swiiery la everywliere licautifiil ; In some 
place's it is cjicliantint;. At Oanaan there is a fall of Oil feet 
perpendicuhu-. The name of the river, un Indian appeiliv- 
tlve, sitrniliea " mwr tfiti niounUthiA." 

Uocsn Ckkkk, p. o., Irwin Co., Oa.; onacr. of Ockmul^o 
r. 80 called, b8 in. ti. Milleilgavllle. 



IIousk's SfttlNOS, p. o., .lelTcrson Co., Mi: : about 'i in. S 
Bin r., and S7 in. K. by S. .lellerson Ciiy. 
lloimitvii.i.ii, p. v., Lewis CO., A'.Y.: lOSm. N. \V. AlbauT 
Houston county, t'lt. Situate S. W. centrally, ami con- 
laiiis MO aq. in. Bouiuled H. by Oekniiiln™ r., ami drained 
by lis allluenui Bin ImUan and Mossy creeks and Keheconno 
r. Surface various; soils very ferllle iiiiii procliicUve of corn, 
wlieat, and colton. Farms 750; inaiiuf. 2;1 ; dwell. 1,1:1S, 
and pop.— wli. «,r.l2, fr. col. It, si. 0,yj.l— loliil IC,I.M1. (V;). 
ffiif; Perry. I'lMlo Works: South- Western U. I!., anil 
Mnscopce U. U. 

llousroN county, 7<«i. Silunlo IC. cenlrally, and cenilalns 
1,«0'i sq. 111. It lies between Neciiesr. on the K. and Trinity 
r. on the W., ami is drained by lilklmrt cr., llurrlcano 
Bayou, CarlKo, Lost, NcRro, Wrinhl's, and While Itock 
creeks of the latter, and San Pedro, Walniil, and tVumov'o 
creeks, and Cochlno Bayou of thf former. Surl'aee level, 
or ceiiliy nmlulalliii; ; soil on the 'I'rinlly of the best in lIio 
SlaUs on llie Neelies rather lli;liter and more sandy. 
Hickory uplunds cover inueli of the Co., ami iillord rich 
corn and cotton lands. Petrilled trees are freiiuenlly iiie» 
Willi, and iron ore of ({ood ipnilUy Is found, (.■ollon Is tlio 
.staple. I'linus IIW ; mamlf. 0; dwell. 1)57, and pop.— wlu 
2,lBli, fr. col. l'2,sl. «7:i- U.lal 2,71!1. (',r///«ri;.' Crockell. 

Houston, p. v.. Heard co., fril..' 11^1 m. W. by N» 
MIlleilKeville. 

Houston, p. o., Jackson Co., Iiul. : on a branch of Salt cr., 
51 in. S. liidlanapolLs. 

Hot'SToN, p. v., Adams county, JU. : 7ii in. W. N. W. 
Sprinclleld. 

Houston, p. T., Marlon co., Jt.i.: n little N. of South 
Fabius r.. Oil ni. N. by F,..IelTeraon Oily. 

HouBToN, p. o.,'aml cap. Ohicka-aw CO., jV/m. .- on tho 
head of Chiiekaluekee cr. of TomliiKbeu r., 127 m. N. 1'^ 
.Imksoii. it conlaiiisa conrl-lioiise,Jail,ele., and about 000 
iiilialiilaiils; and tliree newspapers are published here, llio 
"Soulhern Arpis" (statiS rl;;lil.s), llie "Southern Palrlot" 
(whii;). and llie ■• Ohlekitsaw UcpiiliilCJUi" (dem.), all weekly 
issues. Hoiialonlsathrivln);v.,and lias aline uelciiliorlioiiil, 
Houston, p. v., Shelby county, OIiUk- 71 in. W. N. W. 
Columbus. 

Houston, p. o., Allc({liany county, I'tiin.: 173 m. W. 
HarriBburi;. 

HousTxiN, p. v., Wayne co., 7ioiu, ; on Indian cr. of Tonr 
ncssiu' r., a"* 111. S. S. \V. Naslivllle. 

IIousioN, p. v., and cap. Harris eo., Tnr. : on Biiffidb 
liayon, at llie head of sleam navli.;allon and dlreelly o|>- 
posiUi Willie Oak llayoil, IM ni. K. S. F. Austin Cily. II 
was ciiinmenccd in OcUiber, liliO, and in Noveinlier llie old 
capilol was fiiiinded, and In tho May followiiii,' IJoiiuresn 
held 11.S llrat session in that bnihllii);. In front of the cily la 
a line wharf 500 feet loll),', allordiin; ample necoinimid.-itloiv 
for ILs biisiui'ss. 'I'hls wiiarf is Hanked by two cotloii preaaen, 
erected by iiulividual enterprise. Tlio public buildings aro 
Episcopal, Presbyterian, Baptist, Catholic, and McIIuhUbI 
cliurchea, each denomimillon otic, a Rood niarkel-lioiiao, 
and a Jail. KcKular alaijes run twice ii week for Austin imj 
San Antonio, and for Naconiloehes and llie Sabine. TherO 
Is a very lari^e country business traiisaeled, and scTiiral of 
lis merehaiil" have acquired large fortunes. The heavy 
business Is doiio clilelly on Main SIreel, which hiees tli» 
wharves on the ijiiyou. There are in tlie city III lart'u llrmn 
that advance capital to lilaiiters, ami are reimbursed liy lli» 
nexterop.s. There are also many eiitjatted in llio Kriieery 
and provision bii»iiie«s, and several exlenslve cominlssloii 
mereiianta, ilrURKlsIa, wareiloUBCinen, etc. Iloualon pos- 
sesses su|KTlor iiilvanlaKes for maiiiifaelurinK, and may at 
Willie fiiliire llmo beismie iniportant in tliat branch of In- 
dustry. At present all lier nmnuliietured iirlielus are pur- 
chu/i'--d from the Norlli and carried In steumhoals a[> llio 
bavou. There are live newspapers published lure, tho 
"Mornlnic Star" (dcin.), Irl-weekly, ami the "TcicKrapli 
and 'I'exiis Uci-lator" (ikin.), lliu " Iloualon Giizclte" (dcinj 

207 



HOC 



HUD 



(he " Commercial Advertiser" (whig), and Ihc " Wesltjan 
Banner" (relig.), all weelily issues, ll is proposed to build 
a branch railroad, 60 m. long, from this point to the Brazos 
Valley, where it will form a junction Willi the Ked Kiver 
and Galveston E. E. Pop. 2,396. Houston tokes its name 
from Gen. Sam Houston, leader of the Texan army during 
the revolution— her first president as an independent stale, 
and one of her present senators— a man, a .soldier, and a 
etatcsman, worthy of the highest honors that Ihe people 
can conter. 

HorsTox, p. v., and cap. Texas Co., Mu. : 97 m. S. by E. 
Jefferson Oily. 
HorsToN, p. v., Bourbon co.. Ay. .• 8T m. E. Frankfort. 
UopsTON's Stoke, p. o., Morgan co., Ala. : Ib-i m. N. N.W. 
Monlgoraery. 

HousTosviLLK, p. T., IredeU co., iV. Car.: 127 m. W. 
Ealeigh. 

HowAitD county, T7id. Situate N. ccntr.illy, and contains 
296 sq. m. Drained by Wild Cat er. and its branches, a 
tributary of Wabash r. Surface level or slightly undulat- 
lug, and soil uniformly rich. Timber is abundant, and com, 
wheat, and the grasses grow finely. This county lies wholly 
on the Miami Eeservcs, and is not fully settled. Farms 
746; manuf. 26; dwell. 1,190, and pop.— wh. 6,015, fr. col. 
42— total 6,607. Cajntal : Kokomo (or Cocomo). PiMic 
Wor/cs : Indianapolis and Peru K. E. ; Andersontown and 
Logansport E. E. 

UowAED county, la. Situate N. E., and contains 482 
eq. m. Drained by Upper Iowa r. and heads of Turkey r., 
both aflluents of the Mississiiipi. Unorganized in 1S50. 

Howard county, Mil. Situate centrally ou W. shore, and 
contains 226 sq. m. It lies between PaLifisco and Patux- 
ent rivere, and is drained by their aflluents. Surface undu- 
lating, and intersected by uumefous creeks, which afford 
good water-power ; soil mostly pt-oductive, with some waste 
land. This county was a part of Anne Anindel in 1S50, 
nnd the census of that comprises both. Ctijiital : ElUcotfs 
Mills. PuWa Works : Baltimore and Ohio E. E. 

nowAKD county. Mo. Situate N. centrally, and contains 
«53 sq. m. Bounded S. and S.W. by the Mis.souri, and drain- 
ed by Great Manitou and Bonne Femme rivers, its afflu- 
ents. Surface varied, with some hills, and considerable 
water-power ; soil excellent, yielding lino crops of corn and 
wheat, and some tobacco ; it is admirably adapted to graz- 
ing. Farms 1,105; manuf. 35; dwell. 1,685, and pop — wh. 
D;040, fr. col. 89, si. 4.S90. Capital: Fayette. 

HowAED, p. v., Parke co., Jjid. : on Mill cr., near its en- 
trance into the Wabash, and at the point where it is crossed 
by the Canal. 63 m. W. K. W. Indianapolis. 

Howard, t. and p. v., Steuben co., X. Y. : 1S5 m. W. 
Albany. Drained by creeks of Canisleo and Conhoclon 
rivers. Surface undulating; soil clay-loam and fertile. 
The V. contains about 250 inhabitants. Pop. of t. 3.244. 

HowAKD, t. and p. c, Centre co., P&nn. : 82 ni. N. W. 
Harrisburg. Drained by Bald Eagle cr. and its tributaries, 
and by Marsh and Beach creeks. Surface mountainous, 
the main ridge of the Allcghanies pa.ssing Uirough it. 
Top. 1,527.' 

Howard's, p. c, 'Waukesha county. Wise. : 62 m. E. 
Madison. 

HowAED-s, St., Bibb CO., Ga. : on the Macon and Western 
E. E., 6 m. W. by N. Macon. 

How Aim's Gkote, p. o., Sheboygan co., Wi»c: 92 m. 
N. E. Madison. , 

Howard's Poixt, p. o., Fayette co., III. : on the National 
Eoad, 69 m. 8. E. Springfield. 

How Ann's Valley, p. o., Windham co., Conn. : 27 m. 
E. by N'. llarlford. 
HowARDsviLLE, p. T., Stcphenson co., lU. : 177 m. N. 
ffipringfleld. 

HowARDSviLLE, p. Y., Albemarle county, Tirg. : 70 m. 
W. N. W. Eichmond. 
Howell, t, p. v., and cap. Livingston co., Mich. : SO m. 
298 



E. S. E. Lansing. Drained by the heads of Shiawassee 
and Cedar rivers. The v. is situate on the Grand Eirer 
Turnpike ; it contains the county buildings, several stores 
and mills, and about 400 inhabitants; and has a news- 
paper, the "Livingston Courier," published weekly. 
Howell's Dep6t, p. o., Orange co., N. Y. 
Howell's Speisgs, p. o., Hardin co., £y. : 69 m.W. S.W. 
Frankfort. 

IIowELLBViLLK, p. T., Eobeson county, ii^. Car. : 77 m. 
S. by W. Ealeigh. 

HoWELLSTiLLE, p. V., DelawaTC CO., Penn. : 87 m. E. S. E. 
Harrisburg. 

IIowELL Works, p. v., Monmouth co.. A". Jer. : on Man- 
asquan r., 87 m. E. by S. Trenton. Here are extensive 
iron works, and a number of dwellings and stores for the 
workers. 

Howe's, p. c, Concordia par., La.: 87 m. N'. T^.'W 
Baton Eouge. 

HowLASD, t. and p. o., Penobscot co.. Me. ; 86 m. N. N. '& 
Augusta. Drained by Piscataquis r. an<I its tributaries, the 
Penobscot forming the E. boundary. Surface varies, with 
wide intervales on the rivers. The v. lies on the W. sido 
of the Penobscot, opposite Enfield. Pop. 214. 

HowLAXD, t. and p. v., Trumlmll co., Oliio : 143 m. N. E. 
Columbus. Drained by Mahoning and Mosquito rivers, 
the latter of which runs from N. to S. through the town. 
Surface diversified ; soUs of average fertility. The v. Ue« 
about a mile E. of Mosquito r., and is a small settlemcnl. 
Pop. of t. 919. 

UowLET HiLL. p. 0., Onondaga county, K T. : 126 m. 
W. N. W. Albany. 

HoTSviLLE, p. v., Loudon co., Ttrg. : on Kittoctan cr., 

126 m. N. Eichmond. It contains several flouriug mills, etc. 

HuBBAED, t. and p. o., Trumbull Co., Ohio : 151 m. N. E. 

Columbus. Drained by tributaries of Sheuango r. It is a 

fine agricultural township, and contains 1,272 inhabiuinls. 

Hubbard's Coexebs, p. o., Madisou co., N. Y. : 94 m, 
W. by N. Albany. 

Hitbbardston, t. and p. v., Worcester CO., Mass. : 51 m. 
W. by N. Boston. Drained by Ware r. and its tributariea, 
on which are fine mill-sites. Surface various ; soil indiffer- 
ent, but weU cultivated. The v. contains about 400 inhab- 
itants. Pop. of t. 1,S27. 

Hubbaedion, L and p. o,, Eutland Co., Verm. : 53 rni 
S. S. W. Montpelier. Drained by Hubbardlon cr. and sev- 
eral streams of Bombazine Lake, aU which empty into 
Castleton r. of Lake Champlain, and also by creeks of Onion 
river. Surface uneven and rough— in some parts mount- 
ainous, and soil indifferent, but good for grass. The t. ia 
central. Pop. oft 701. 
Hubbleton, p. o., Jefferson CO., Wise. : 37 m. E. Madison. 
HUBLEESDURQH, p. V., Centre county, Penn. : 88 m. N. W. 
Harrisburg. 

Huddlestox, p. T., Pike county, Ark. : 97 ra. W. S. W. 
Little Eock. 

lluDDLBSTox, p. o., Eapidcs parish. La. : 102 m. N. W. 
Baton Eouge. 

IliTDDLESTON Cross Eoads, p. 0., Wilson CO., Tejin.: 26 
m. E. Nashville. 

lIuDSOx county, X. Jer. Situate N. E., and contains 68 
sq. m. Drained by Hackensack r. and Passaic r., both 
emptying into Newark Bay, and the latter its W. as the 
Hudson is its E. boundary. Surface diversifled.with high land 
In the N., and in the S. swamps ; soil good. In theW. near the 
Passaic, is an old ooppcr-mine. called the Stuyvesant Mine, 
which was wrought as eariy as 1731. The E. portion is fast 
changing into a suburb of Ihc great metropolis opposite SL 
Farms 254; manuf. 52; dwell. 2,361, and pop.— wh. 21,319, 
fr. col. 600, si. 2— total 21,821. Capital: North Bergen. 
PiMic Works : New Jersey E. K. ; Union E. E., and Mor- 
ris Canal. 

Hudson, p. v., La Porte co., Iml. : 183 m. N. by W. 
Indianapolis. The Indiana Northern K.E. passes through it- 



HUD 



HUB' 



Hudson, p. v., M'Clean cn„ III. : 66 m. N. E. Springfield. 
Hrosos, t. and p. o., Lenawee CO., Mich. : CO m. 8. by E. 
Lansing. Drained by Bear er.. Tiffin's er., which affords 
extensive walei-power. The v. lies on its W. bank, and is 
Intersected by the Michigan Soulhi-m E. T.., 54 m. from 
Monroe. Pop. of I. 1.644. 

Ui-Dsox, t. and p. v., Hillsborough co., N. JTamp. : 84 m. 
B bvE Concord. Drains into the Merrimac, which makes 
its W border, and over which is a bridge to Litlle-s Station. 
Surface level and fertile on the streams, but otherwise hilly 
and broken. The v. lies on the outlet of a small pond cen- 
trally Pop. of 1 1,312. 

Hudson, p. city, port, and cap. Columbia co., 2r. T.: at 
the head of ship navigation, and on the E. side of Hudson 
riYcr 29 m. S. Albany. LaL 42= 14' N., and long. 73° 46 W., 
845 m N E. Washington. Fronting on the river, opposite 
Athon" is a promontory, rising CO feet above the water, 
which has been rorme<l into a promenade, comman.lmg an 
oxten'^ive view, and on ei'Jier side of this is a spacious bay, 
with suflicient depth of water for the largest shipping. The 
city is regularlv laid out, and the streets, with the exception 
of those near the shore, cross each other at right angles. 
The main street extends 9. E. for more than a mile, to Pros- 
pect HiU 200 feet high, to which the ground rises. On the 
N side if this street, toward its upper end, is a public 
square and there is another, on which the court-house 
stands 'in the S. part of the city ; this budding is 116 feet long, 
the central part 40 by 60 feet, and the height 60 feet sur- 
mounted by a dome, and entered by a portico of 6 Ionic 
eolumns, and the wings are 34 feet front, 40 feet deep, and 
two stories high. There are numerous churches in the 
city many of' them handsome and substantial structures, 
and also several higUy efficient institutions of learning. 
The Hudson Lunatic Asylum is situate on State-street, facing 
the court-house on the S., and is a very useful and flourish- 
in" institution. Hudson is suppUed with water by a com- 
pany from a spring at the foot of Becraa's Moflntain. For- 
merly the city had a large West India trade, but this has 
been superseded by the whale-fishing business, in which it 
has several ships engaged. lUs river trade is very consider- 
able and it is the market for a Lirge back country. It has 
BCYc'ral steamboats, barges, etc., employed, and the New 
York and Albany steamers usually make this a stopping- 
place- a steam ferry connects it with Athens. The Hudson 
Elver' F. K. passes through it, and the Hudson and Berk- 
shire P.. E. connects it with the Western E. E., and Ihcncc 
with New England. With regard to its manufactures, Ilud- 
lon has great' facilities from the water-power in its neigh- 
borhood ; some of its manufacturing establishments— 
numberuig 77 in aU— are extensive and valuable. It has 1 
daily pai>=r, 5 weeklies, and 1 semi-monthly ; the " Morning 
Star'' (neutral), is issued daily ; the " Columbia Eepublican" 
(whi"). the "H. Gazette" (ilem.), the "Democratic Frec^ 
man'" (free soil), the " Washinglonian'' (temp.), and the 
"Columbia County Journal" (whig), are weeklies; and the 
Bcmi-monthly is the " Eural Eepublican" (literary). The 
number of houses in the city in 1S50 was 832, and the inhab- 
itants 6.214. Hudson was settled in 17S3 by Thomas Jenkins 
and others, chiefly Quakers from Massachusetts and Ehode 
Island. In 17S.'> it was chartered as a city. 

Hudson, t. and p. v.. Summit Co., Ohio: 117 m. N. E. 
Columbus. Drained by numerous creeks flowing in several 
directions to the Cuyahoga r. Surface elevated and rolling ; 
ioil clay loam, very fertile in grass and grain. The village 
Is pleasantly located on a plain, from whic.li the groun.l 
rises toward the N. Il contains several stores, and about 
600 inhabitants. The Cleveland and PilLslmrg E. E. p.asses 
through it 26 m. from Cleveland, and from it diverges the 
Akron Branch E. E. Hudson is the scat of the Western 
Reserve College, founded in IS'26, and which is under 
Presbyterian supervision ; it has a tliwtlogical department. 
The College has ^ professors, and in 1S50 had ISl alumni 
and 67,3ludtuls, with a library of S,000 volumes ; and the 



theological department had 3 professors and 14 students. 
The periodicals published here are the " Ohio Observer' 
(relig.), and the " Family Visitor" (literary)— the first a 
weekly .and the latter a semi-monthly issue. The t, is chiefly 
agricultural. Pop. of t 1,457. 

Hudson, p. o., Franklin co., tfti. ; on Hudson's Fork of 
Bro.ad r., S3 m. N. Milledgeville. 

Hudson <or North) river. A'. T. : one of the most iraport- 
aiit rivers of the r nited Slates, though in length and volume 
of water it is much less than many others. It was discov- 
ered in 1609 by Ilendrich Hudson, whose name it bears, and 
it is supposed that he explored it as far as Albany. The 
Hudson rises by two mam branches in the mountains W. 
of lakes Ohamplain and George; the E. or Schroon branch 
pa.sscs through Schroon Lake, and the other branch rises 
farther W. by various head streams, the two uniting in the 
S. part of Warren co., about 40 m. from their respective 
sources. After a course of 15 m. S., the Hudson receives 
Sacandaga river; it then runs E. by S. 15 m. to Hadley'3 
Falls, and Ihence 20 m. N. by E. to Glen's Falls; U then 
flows S. 40 m., and receives from Ihe W. its principal tribu- 
tary, the Mohawk. Its fall in this distance is 147 feet; 
thence ninning a Ullle W. of S. 1.56 m., it enters the ocean 
at Sandv Hook. The whole length of the river from it3 
sources to its entrance into New York Bay, is a lillle over 
800 m. ; and so straight is tho river between Albany and 
New York, Ihat the distance by water is less than that by 
land. The influence of the tide is felt a little above Albany, 
though U property docs not flow so far. It is navigable for 
large ships 118 m. above New York, to Hudson, and for 
sloops and large steamers to Albany, 145 m. Sloops and 
steamboats proceeil 6 m. farther to Troy, and sloops, by a 
dam and lock, lo Waterford, 8 m. above Albany. Through 
a considerable part of its course its banks are elevated, par- 
ticulariy on the W. side, and in some parts are high, rocky, 
and precipitous. The Hudson Eiver B. E. skirls its K 
shore, and often is carried into the river on embankments. 
No part of the Union presents more picturesque scenery 
than the banks of the Hudson, and the passage through the 
Uiglilands, 53 m. above New York City, is grand— here tho 
m.Hintains. over 1,400 feet high, come down to the very 
margin of the stream. New York owes much of its pre- 
eminent advantages to this noble river; being connected 
with the great western lakes by the Erie Canal ami several 
lines of railroad, and with Lake Champlain and Canada 
also by bolh canal and radroad, and with Delaware r. and 
the coal region of Pennsylvania— by the Del.aware and 
Hudson Canal, it becomes the main tnink of an immense 
commerce ; il forms, indeed, one of the great connecting 
links of the chain which binds the East and West, and bears 
upon its bosom in the noblest steamers the worid ever saw, 
and in a vast number of other craft, the traveler and the mer- 
chandise to and from the American metropolis. As mighC 
have been ex-pected, lis banks are lined by many large and 
flourishing cities and villages, the principal of wliuh on Ihe 
E side are Trov, Hudson, Poughkeepsie,and New 'iork; 
and on the W . side, Albany, CatskUl, and Newburg. lis wa- 
ters were Ihe theatre of the flrst mcce^'.f'd attempt to apply 
steam to the propelling of vessels, and Ihe very flrst to witness 
the application of caloric to the same purposes.^ The one 
dates from 1S03, and immortalizes the names of I- niton and 
Livin^'slon, and tliolatler from January, 1S53, immortalizing 
the nime of Ericsson. Little did those who saw the com- 
mencement of the era of steam navigation dream of Ihe ex- 
tent of its application to the purpose of commerce; and as 
little may the lookers-on of to-day foresee tlic vastness of tho 
project just iniliatcd by the later discovery. 

HrnsoNvn,!.!!, p. v., Breckenridge co.. A';/.; on the N. 
side of rough cr., 91 m. W. S. W. Frankfort. 

Hi-DSONVILLE, p. v., Marshall CO., Miss. ; 176 ra. N. by E. 
Jackson. 

Hun's Creek, p. o., Logan county, Tiro. : 247 m. W 
Richmond. 



299 



HUG 



HUN 



Huggd;'s Creek, p. 0., M'Nairy county. Tenn.: 122 m. 
S. W. NasbviUe. 

UuGHEsviLLE. p. V., Lycomiog CO., Penn. : on Muncy cr., 
67 m. N. Ilarrisburg. 

IIi'GUEsviLLE, p. v., LoudoD CO., YirQ. : 114 m.N. by W. 
Ilichmon'l. 

HuGiieoxnixE, p. t., Duehp^s cc, X. Y. : T6 m. S, Albany. 
It contains about 35 dwelUngs. 

Huguenot, p. v., Orange counly, N. Y. : 92 m. S. S. W. 
Albany. 

Hltlbekton, p. v., Orleans co., N. Y.: on (be line of the 
Erie Canal, 2U m. W. byN. Albany. It contains several 
Btores and about 300 inhabitants. 

Hull, t, and p. v., Plymouth co., Ma9.s.: 11 ra. E. S. E. 
Boston — occupies a lont;, narrow peninsula, forming the 
S. E. boundary of Boston Harbor. The village is situate on 
Nantasket Head. Salt is manufactured in the town. Pop- 
ulation 253. 

Hulls, p. o., Athens co., Ohio : 6S m. S. E. Columbus. 

Hull's Coexees, p. o., Oswego co., X. i'. ; 14G m.'W. N.'W'. 
Albany. 

HirLL's Mills, p. o.. Duchess co., N. Y. : 51 m. S. Albany. 

Hulmesville, p. v., Bucks co., Penn.: 107 m. E. S. E. 
Harrisburg. 

Hl'^a>'sville, p. T., Polk CO.. Jfo. : 9T m. S.W. Jefferson 
City. 

Humboldt county, la. Situate N. "W. centrally, and con- 
tains 576 sq. m. Brained by several head streams of Des 
Moines r. Unorganized in 1S50. 

Humboldt, v., Trinity co., Calif. : on the E. side of Hum- 
boldt Harbor, opposite its entrance to the raciflc ocean, and 
about 200 m. N. N. TV. Vallejo. There is a v. called West 
Humboldt at the N. of the entrance to the bay. These arc 
small and uncertain settlements. 

Humboldt harbor, Calif.: a large bay, on tho coast of 
California, the entrance of which is in lat 41)0 44' N. It was 
discovered in 1S50 by the gold hunters, and it is said that a 
considerable quantity of gold has been collected in its neigh- 
borhood. Some settlements have been made on its shores. 

Humboldt lake, UMt Ter: : a large lake in the California 
desert, iu about lat. 40° 15' N., and long. IISO 20' W., and 
the recipient of Humboldt r. It has no outlet. 

Humboldt mountains VtaJi Ter.: a chain of hills so 
called, extending between the llSth and 119th meridian, 
and from about 39° to 41° 41' N. lat. The Humboldt r. has 
its sources in the W. slope of this range. 

Humboldt river, Ukih Ter.: a river rising about 115° 
"W. long., in the Humboldt Kiver mountains. It has a tor- 
tuous coarse S. and "W. until it falls into Humboldt Lake. 
The valley of this river is the route usually i)ursued by the 
overland emigration between the Salt Lake and Californin. 
Hume, t. and p. v., Alleghany county. X. Y.: 217 ni. "\V. 
Albany. Brained by tributaries of Genesee r.. whieli 
passes through it Surface undulating; soil cl.ay ioani, very 
fertile. Hume is a small agricultural village. Pop. of t. 
2,473. 

Humilttt, p. 0., J'ulaslu county, Jlrg. : 193 m. W. by S. 
Pdchmond. 

IIummelstown, p. b., Banphin co., P&im.: on Swatara 
cr., 9 m. E. Harrisburg. Pop. 620. 

Humphreys county, Tenn. Situate N. W., and contains 
B19 sq. m. Bounded W. by Tennessee r., and drained by 
its affluents, Turkey cr., Eichland cr., Bay er.. Buck r., etc. 
Surface mostly even, with good mill seats. Soil very good. 
Com is the staple, but fine wheat is raised, au'l many hogs 
fattened. Farms 679 ; manuf. 16 ; dwel. 919, and pop — wh, 
6,304, fr. col. 21, si. 1.097— U*tal 6,422. Capital: Wavcrley. 
Public WorA'^ : Nashville and Mississippi E. li. 

HuMPUREv'e Villa, p. c. Holmes co., Ohio: 74 m. N. E 
Columbus. 

? Humph HETsviLLK, p. v., New Haven co., Conn.: on 
Naugatuck r., 6 m. from its couQueuce with the Housatonic, 
and 37 S. W. Hartford. It has coosiderable manufactures, 
800 



also iron and copper works, several stores, and about 400 
inhabitants. 

Humlook's Cb£ek, p. 0., Luzerne co., Penn. : 87 m. N. B 
Harrisburg. 

HuNGABT, sta., Hanover county, Virg. : on the line Of 
the Richmond, Frederick, and Potomac E. K., 8 m. It, 
Kiehraoud. 

Hunt county, Tesc. Situate N. E.. and contains 976 sq. ra 
Brained by heads of S. fork of Sulpbur r., and heads of th» 
Sabine. Surface undulating, or hills of small elevation and 
gentle slope, and generally densely wooded ; soil a rich 
loam in the river bottoms, wbich comprise a large part of 
the CO., and though more sandy or clayey between them, 
yet jjlways very productive. The timber common to ihii 
region abounds, and on the streams are found tlie best of 
grapes in great quantities. It is well adapted to the staple 
of this quarter (cotton), and grows fine crops of conk 
Farms 93; manuf. 0; dwell. 26S, and pop.— wh. l,47t 
fr. col. 2, si. 41— tot,il 1,520. CajnUil: Greenville. 

Hunter, p. v., Belmont co., Ohio : 106 m. E. Columboi 

Hunter, p. v., Boone county, III. : 1S7 m. N. by JB. 
Springfield. 

Hunter, t. and p. v., Greene co., X, Y. : 38 m. S. 8. "W. 
Albany. Brained by heads of Schoharie cr. Surface mounW 
ainoos, King on the principal range of the Kaatebergb 
Bound Top, their highest peak, is 3,S04 feet above tha 
Hudson river. Soil sterile, except in some exceptional 
valleys, and along the streams. Wood, timber, and bark 
are exported. The v. is on Schoharie cr., and contains a 
number of mills, etc., and about 400 inhabitants. Pop. of t 
1,S49. 

Hukteedon county, K. Jer. Situate N.W., and contains 
4S4 sq. ra. Brained by Musconetoung r. and other affluent* 
of Belaware r., its S. AV. boundary, and E. by Raritan r., 
which empties into the Atlantic. Surface in the N. high 
and broken ; in the S. much more even ; soil mostly fertile, 
producing fine crops of all the grains, and affording exceU 
lent pasturage. It has considerable water-power, and con» 
venicnt markets by land or water. Farms 2,4S6; Dianu& 
309; dwell. 5,107, and pop— wh. 2^,212. fr col. 769, si. 8— 
total 2S,9S9. Capital : Flemington. Public Work^ : BeU 
Tidere Belaware R. K. ; Flemington Branch E. R. ; New 
Jersey Central R. E. 

Hunter's Cave, p. c, Greene co., Penn. : 183 m.W. S.'^ 
Harrisburg. 

HuNTERSLAND, p. 0., Schoharie CO.. X. Y. : 23 m. W. by ^ 
Albany. 

HuNTEUSTowN, p. T., Adams oo., Penn,: 28 m. B. 19!^ 
Harrisburg. 

HuNTERSViLLE, p. T., Lycoming co., Penn. 

IIuNTERSViLLE, p. V., and Cap. Pocahffiitas co.,r?r^. ; oh 
Knapp's cr. of Greenbrier r., 154 m. W. N. W. Uiehmoni 
The site is 1,800 feet above the level of tlie Atlantic Ocean; 
and in the vicinity are several mineral springs. The ▼, 
contains a C. H., jail, etc., and has several stores and aboui 
2t>0 inhabitants. 

lIuNTEitsviLLE, p. T., Hardin county, Ohio: 63 m. N. T^ 
Columbus. Pop. 84. 

HuNTiNGBUKGH, p. V., Bubois co.,./?iA; 107 m. 9. S. "W^ 
Indianapolis. Pop. 250. 

HuNTLVQ Creek, p. o., Accomack co., Virg.: 106 m. R 
Richmond. 

Huntingdon county, Penn. Situate S. ccntmlly, and 
contains 754 sq. m. Brained by Rnystown Branch and 
other affluents of Juniata r., which crosses the N. part from 
E. toW. Surface much varied; parts are mountainous, 
but there are many beautiful valleys, which are exceedingly 
fertile. A part is too rough for cultivation, but abounds in 
fine timber and numerous mill streams. Tlie lower lands 
produce excellent crops of wheat, rye, corn, buckwheat* 
and oats, and the higher afford the best of gr.nziog. Tha 
dairies are fine, and beef, pork, and wool, staples. Iron ore 
and bituminous coal are abundant ; lead, salt, and alum 



HUN 



HUR 



are found. Farms 1,445; manuf. 93; dwell. 4,29S, and 
pop.— wh. 24,461, fr. col. 325~total 2-4,7S6. Capital : Hun- 
tingdon. Public ir(?r*«; Pennsylvania Caual; PcnusylTa- 
Cia E. i:. 

HrNTiNGDON, p. b., and cap. Htmtingdon co., Pervn: on 
the W. side of rrankatown branch of Juniata r., at its en- 
trance into the latter, 61 m. direct, or by railroad 97 m. 
W. N. W. Ilarrisburg. It contains a court-house, jail, etc., 
and has considerable manufactures and a gnod trade. The 
**II. Globe" (dem.) and the "II. Journal" (whig) are issued 
weekly. The Pennsylvania Canal and li. E. pass through 
the borough. Pop. in 1S40, l.D45~in 1?50, 1,479. 

Huntingdon, p. v., and cap. Carroll co., Tenn.: on the 
B. fork of Obion r., 90 m. "W. by S. Nashville. It contains a 
•ourt-house and other county buildings, several stores, and 
about 3UU inhabitants. The neighborh(X)d is one of the 
finest agricultural regions of the State, beautifully diversitled, 
well watered, and rich and deep soil. 

llrNTiNGDoN Valley, p. o., Montgomery co., Penru: 83 
m. E. by S. Uarrisburg. 

Huntington county, Ind. Situate N. E., and contains 
8S4.sq. m. Brained by Wabash r., and Little r., and Sala- 
monie r., its branches. Surface level or undulating ; soils a 
mixture of clay and sand, deep, and very fertile. Forest 
land predominates. Wheat, corn, beef, and pork are Ihe 
leading products. Farms 7s52; manuf. S2; dwell. 1,356, and 
pop — wh. 7.S47. fr. coL 3— total 7,SoO. Capital: Hunting- 
ton. Public Works : Wabash and Erie Canal ; Wabash 
Valley E. E. 

HuNTiNi.ToN. t. and p. v.. Fairfleld co., Conn. : 44m. S.W. 
Hartfurd. Drained by several creeks of Housatonic r., 
which makes the E. border, and is crossed by several 
bridges. Surface somewhat uneven; soils generally fertile. 
The V. is located centrally, about equi-distant between the 
Housatonic and the Naugatuck Eailroads. The manufac- 
lurcs of the town consist of woolen goods, paper, leather, 
etc. Pop. of t. 1,301. 

Huntington, p. v., and cap. Huntington co., Ind. : at the 
mouth of Flint cr., on Little r., 2 m. above its entrance into 
the Wabash, and on the line of the canal, SI in. N. N. E. 
Indianapolis. It contains a court-houae, jail, etc., about 120 
dwellings, and 594 inhabitants, and has two newspapers, 
the " Herald" (whig) and the '* Age" (dem.), both weekly 
issues. It is the shipping place of a large and fertile back 
countrj', 

Huntington, t and p. v.. Suffolk co., 2i. Y. : 124 m. S. S. E. 
Albany. This t. stretches across Long Island, and embraces 
Oak Island beach, which here divides Great South Bay 
from the Atlantic Ocean. In the N. the shores are deeply 
Indented by several bays*— in the S. the land is drained by 
numerous small streams flowing into Great South Bay, 
Surface generally level — toward the N., however, it is some- 
what hiily ; soils various, none very fertile, but usually 
undtT the highest state of cultivfetion, The v. is situate at 
the head of Huntington Harbor, a continuation of Hunting- 
ton Bay, and contains about 6C>0 inhabitants. There arc 
three newspapers published in the town, the ** Long 
lalandt-r," the "Suffolk Democrat," and the " Ea-ntcrn State 
Journal," all issued weekly. The manufactures of Hunting- 
ton are considerable. Pop. 7,481. 

Huntington, t and p. v., Lorain co., Ohio : 86 m. X. N. E. 
Columbus. Drained by the W. branch of Black r. Surface 
elevated and rolling : soil clay loam, very fertile. The v. is 
central, and is a small farming settlement. Pop. of 1. 1,173. 

Huntington, p. v., Laurens disL, S. Car. : 66 m. N. W. 
Columbia. 

Huntington, L and p. v., Chittenden co.. Term. : 19 m. 
yf. Montpelicr. Drained by Huntington r, a branch of the 
Onion. Surface mountainous ; soil generally adapted to 
grass. The t. contains Camel's Eump, one of the liiglust 
peaks of the Green Mountains. The v. is situate on the W. 
»ldo of the r., which here affords water-power. Pop. of 
township SS6. 



HuNTiNGTowN, p. V., Calvort CO., 3fd. : on the S. side of a 
cr. so called, 31 m. S. Annapolis. 

HuxTSBUEOu, t. and p. o., Geauga co., Ohio : 145 m. N. E. 
Columbus. Drained by tht head-waters of Cuyidioga r. 
Surface elevated and rolling; soil fertile. Pop. 1,007. 

Hunt's Hollow, p. v., Li\-ingston co., *V. Y. : 212 m. W. 
Albany. Pop. about 200. 

Hunt's Stoke, p. o., Guilford county, A*". Car.: 77 m. 
W. N. W. Ealeigh. 

Huntsville, p. v., and cap. Madison co., Ala. : on Indian 
cr. of Tennessee r., 10 m. from the confluence, and 167 m. 
N. by W. Monlgnmery. It is the seat of a U. S. land office ; 
and contains a court-house, jail, etc., a bank, several hand- 
some churches, and has two newspapers, the " Democrat" 
(dem.) and the *' Southern Star," both weeklies. It has con- 
siderable business, and promises to become one of the most 
flourishing towns of the Slate. The Memphis and Cbarle!^ 
ton Pw. E. will pass through it, and others in a N. and S. di- 
rection will connect with that important line. A canal ex- 
tends hence to Triana, on the Tennessee, 16 m. Pop. 2,S63. 

Huntsville, p. v.. and cap. Madison county. Ark:: on 
War Eagle cr. of White r., 123 ra. N. .W. Little Eock. It 
has a court-house, etc., and about 255 inhabitants. 

HuNTy\'TLLE, p. v., Pttulding CO., Ga.: 116 m. W. N. W. 
Milie.lgeviUe. 

IICNTSTILLE, p. T., ChOCUW CO., JfwS. ." &3 Til. N. N. E. 

Jackson. 

IIuNTSTiLLE, p. T., Schuj'ler CO., III.: G7 m. W. N. W. 
Springfleld. 

Huntsville, p. v., and cap. Randolph co., J/b. .- on the 
E. side of East Chariton r., &4 m. N. by W. Jefferson City. 
It contains a court-house, jail, etc., and has several stores. 
Pop. 3U0. 

Huntsville, p. v., Yadkiu (formerly Surry) county, 
N'. Car. : on the W. bank of Yadkin r.. 103 m. W. N. W. 
Ealeigh. 

IIuNT3\^LLE, T. and sta., Wake co., N. Car. : on the lino 
of the Gaston and Ealeigh E. E., 9 m. N. Ealeigh. 

HgsTSViLLE, p. v., Luzerne co., Peiin. : 107 m. N. E. 
Harrisburg. 

Huntsville, p. v., Laurens dist., S. Car. : 53 m. N. W. 
Columbia. 

Huntsville, p. v., antl cap. Walker co., Tea:. : on Har- 
mon's cr. of Trinity r., 143 m. E. by N. Austin City. It is 
ono of the progressive settlements of Texas, and is sur- 
rounded by a thickly peopled and well cultivated country. 
Tho V. contains a court-house, etc., and several large stores. 
Two newspapers, the "Texas Presbyterian" (reUg.). and 
the *' H. Item," arc puidislied weekly. It is proposed to 
erect at this place a Female College, under charge of tho 
Methodists, and other foundations are spoken of which, if 
completed, will make Huntsville a great seat of learning. 
Pop. about 600. 

HuNTsviLLF^ p. v., Madison co., Ind. : on the N. side of 
Fall cr. of White r., a little above Pendh-tnii, ami about 26 
m. N. E. Indianapolis. It is named after the families that 
first settled here. 

Kuntsville, p. v.. Logan co., Ohio: on Cherokee-mans 
cr., 49 m. W. N. W. Columbus. Tho Mad Eiver and Lake 
Erie E. E. passes through it9S m. from Sandusky. 

Huntsville, p. v., and cap. Scott co., Tenri. 

UuBLET, t. and p. v., Ulster co., K T.: 47 m. S. S, W. 
Albany. Drained by Esopus cr. Surface billy ; soil fertile 
loam, underlaid with limestone. The v. on Esopus cr. is a 
sm:Jl agricultural settlement, and contains 30 or 35 dwell- 
ings.' Pop. of t. 2,003. 

IIcKON county, MicJi. Situate E. between Saginaw Bay 
and Lake Huron, and conliiins S59 sq. m. Drained by 
Pinnebog and Willow rivers, flowing N., Zappopoie r., 
flowing IC.. and other small streams. iSurface mostly level; 
soil of morleralc fertility, without atone, but marshy U 
places. It is well timbered with beech, maple, pine, and 
tamarack, the last two supplying great numbers of spare. 

801 



HUR 



HYD 



Lumber is the greatest export, theeounty being little settled. 
Farms 18; manuf. 0; dwell. 62, and pop.-wh. 210, fr. cuL 

—total 21 0. Capital : 

HuBON county, Ohio. Situate N, centrally, and contains 
764 sq. m. Drained by Huron and Vermillion rivers and 
Uicir branches. Surface roUinjx or level ; soil very fertile 
and Jinely adapted to grain and grass. Wheat and com 
are leading crops, and great numbers of cattle, sheep, and 
ewinc are fed. Farms 2,4U ; manu f. 250 ; dwell. 4,G19, and 
pop.— wh. 26,167, fr. col. 86— total 26,203. Capita!: Newark, 
Public Work«: Cleveland, Columbus, and Cincinnati E,P.. ; 
Sandusky and Newark It, K. ; Cleveland, Norwalk, and 
Toledo K. E. 

IIuKoN, t, and p, o., "Wayne co., Mich, : 72 m. 8. E. 
t-ansing. Drained by Huron r., which affords water-power 
and navigation. In the S. W. there are swamps, but the 
general surface is elevated and fertile. Pop. 452. 

IIOEON, p. v., Des Moines co., la, : on the W. bank of 
the Mississippi, 53 m. S. E. Iowa City. 

HcBo.N, t and p. v., Wayne co., X. Y. : 159 m, W, N. W, 
Albany. Drained by streams falling Into Lake Ontario 
through East, Tort, and Sodus Bays, which lie in this town. 
B«rface level ; soil gravelly and sandy loam. The vUlagee 
are Huron and Port Glasgow. Pop. of 1. 1,906. 

HtJEOx, t. and p. T., Erie CO., Okio : 100 m. N. N. E, 
Columbus, Drained by Huron r. and other affluents of 
Lake Erie. Surface level ; soil sandy alluvion. The v. is 
located at the mouth of Huron r., and has a good harbor. It 
Oontains numerous warehouses, stores, commission-houses, 
Stc, and about SOO inhabitants ; and is intersected by the 
JuncUon (Lake Shore) E. E. Pop. of 1. 1,397. 

HuEoN isles, Midi. : on the B. shore of Lake Superior, E. 
Qf Kew-y-wee-non Bay, 

HuEON lake : one of the Hve great lakes of North Amer- 
ica. It lies between Lake Superior on the N, W., Michigan 
on the N, W. and W., and Erie and Ontario on the S. and 
S, E. ; and in regard to its astronomicil position, lies be- 
tween 430 6' and 46° 16' N, lat., and between 79° SO" and 
84° 50' W. Ion, Its length is 200 m,— along the coast of its 
W, shore it is 860 m, ; and its greatest breadth is 160 m., but 
exclusive of the bay on the N. E., it is only about 90 m. ; 
and its circumference is about 1,100 m. Its principal inden- 
tations are, Saganaw Bay, extending into Michigan, and 
two others, one immediately N, of the Manitou Islands, and 
the other S, E. of them. The latter, called Georgian Bay, 
Is about 170 m. long and 70 m. broad, and is not far from 
one-fourth the whole size of the lake. Manit^iu, or Great 
Spirit Islands, extend ft-om a peninsula in tho>> E. part, 
through its N. part — and with Dnmimond*s Island, separate 
another sheet of water from the main lake SO m. long and 
20 m. wide. The boundary between the United States and 
Canada passes along the main Huron 225 m., and between 
Lesser Manitou and Drummoud's Island by what is called 
the Middle Passage, and curves round to the N, and W, 25 
m, to the entrance of St, Mary's r. The elevation of the 
surface of the lake is 596 feet above the ocfan, or less th.in 
that of Lake Superior by 45 feet, or than that of Lake 
Michigan by 4 feet. The greatest depth tow.ard the W. 
shore is at least 1,000 feet, and its mean depth 900 feet, or 
about 300 feet below the level of the Atlantic. The largest 
of the Manitou Islands, called Great Manitoulin, is 90 m. 
long, and in its widest part neariy 30 m, broad. The islands 
of Lake Huron are said to amount In number to S2,0(XI. It 
retieives the waters of Lake Superior by St. Mary's r., and 
those of Lake Michigan by the Straits of Michilimackinac; 
and discharges its own waters by the Strait of St, Clair. 
Lake Nipissing empties into it through Francis r., and Lake 
Bimcoe by Severn r. The Huron is subject to violent storms, 
■which render lis navigation dangerous. It has, however, 
fine harbors, and in process of time cities and a crowded 
population will vitalize its shores. 

Huron river, Mich. : a considerable stream of the Upper 
Peninsula, having its source In tho Porcnpino Mountains, 



from which it flows N, E., and discharges its waters into 
Lake Superior. It is navigable for catioes. 

HuEON river, 3fich. : one of the most considerable streami 
watering the E, part of the lower peninsula. It rises from 
many heads in Oakland and Livingston counties, and flowa 
In a 8, W. course to the N. boundary of Washtenaw county, 
where it expands into PorUige Lake, It then contracts an*J 
passes S. for a few miles, and then, pursuing a S. E. direc- 
tion through Washtt-naw and Wayne c^'iinties, enters Lake 
Erie a few miles below the mouth of Detroit r. It has few 
tributaries Id Us lower course. The Huron is a l>e,iutiful 
transparent stream, passmg alternately through rich bot- 
toms, openings, plains, and sloping woodlands. Its length, 
by its meanderings, is about 90 miles. 

UlJRON river, Ohio: rises in Eichland co., and flowB 
through Huron and Erie counties into Lake Erie at Huror^ 
It is navigable by a erocjked channel six or seven miles from 
its mouth, and h,is a canal along its border to Milan. It 
affords good water-power, 

HuREicAA-E, p, o,, Conway county, Ark.: 47 m. N. % 
Little Eock. 

Hdeeicane, p. T,, Montgomery CO., III. ; 57 m. 6. S. & 
Springfield. 

HcEEicASK, p, o,, Franklin par,, la. : IIS m. K N. WL 
Baton Eouge, 

HuERioAKE, p, o,, Spartanburg disL, & Car. : 108 nk 
N, W, Columbia. 

HiTERiciNE Ceeek, p. o,, Laudcrdalo co., Mi^s. ; 9*^ m, £1 
Jackson. 

HuEEiCAKi Ckeee, p, 0,, Sallno co,. Ark. .■ 28 m. S. W 
Little Eock. 

HuREicAjTE Ceeek, p. o,, Henderson co,, Temu : 112 m. 
W, 8, W, Nashville. 

Hueeicaxe Geovi, p. o,, Grant county, WUo. ; S m. E. of 
Grant river, 

HuEEicANE Hill, p. o., Lafayette co.. Ark. : 118 m. S.W, 
Little Eock, 73 m, W, S. W, Madison. 

Huet'sCeobsEoads, p, o., Maury county, Tenn. ;86m.S. 
Nashville. 

Huet's MrLi£, p. o., Harrison county, Ind. : 112 m, 8. 
Indianapolis, 
HmSAW, p. o,, Carroll co.,^rJt, ; 132 m. N, W,LitUe Eocfc. 
HuSTiSFOEi), p. V,, Dodge county, Wise : 4S m. N. li 
Madison. 

HrsTONviLLE, p. v., Lincoln co., Ky. .'SI m. 8. S. £1 
Frankfort. 

HtTTSONviLTX, p, V,, Crawford eo., III. : on the W, bant 
of Wabash r„ 114 m, E, S, E, Springfield. 

Hdtton's Foek, p, o,,Wilkcs county, Go. : 64 m. N, N. IL 
MiUedgeville, 

HurroNSTn-LE, p. v., Eandolph coounty, Vlrg. .* 162 nk 
W.N.W. Eichmond. 

Htannis, p. v., Bamstable'co., Mam. : 5 m, S, Barnstable 
Court-house, and 63 m. S. S, E. Boston. It contains 3 
churches and 120 inhabitants, 

Htannis Poet, p. v., Barnstable CO., Mass. : 65 m. S. S. K 
Boston. The v. has a good harbor, with a breakwater coi> 
strueted by the United States, and Is a refuge for winiV 
bound vessels. 

nYATTSTo%vN, p. v., Montgomery co., Md, : on the N.W. 
line of the eo., 62 m. W, N, W. AnnapoUs, 

Htattsville, p.v., Miami Co., Ohio : on the Miami Canal, 
62 m. W, Columbui It has several stores, and about 2B0 
inh.abitants. 
Htco, p. o., Halifax CO., Vlrg. : 93 m, 8, "W, Eichmond. 
Htco Falls, p. o., HaUfai co., Virg. : on Hyco cr,, 98 nk 
8. W, Eichmond. 

HlTDE county, N. Car. Situate E., and contains 809 sq. m. 
It has Pamlico Sound on the E. and S., and Pungo r. (or 
bay) on the W., and is drained by small creeks flowing into 
these. Surface low, le,vel, and frequently marshy ; soil 
. moderately productive, with a heavy growth of pine. Com 
Is the chief crop— lumber the export Farms 293 ; mamiC 



nvD 



ILL 



2,o:i:— 



6; dwell. 923, and pop.— wh. 4,79S, fr. col. 211, 
lotnl 7,&:36. Capital: Swan Quarter. 
Hype, p. t., Warren co., K Y. : 5S ra. N. W. Albany. 
Hyde Pauk, p. t., Grundy county, IlL : 129 ni- N. E. 
Springfield. 

Hyde Park, v. and sta.. Queen's co., K Y. : on the lino 
of Ihe Long Island R. K., 1" in. from Brooklyn. 

IItdc Paiik, I. and p. v., Duchess Co., JV. Y. : 61 ra. S. 
Albany. Drained by Crum Elbow cr., and bounded W. by 
UudsDn r. Surface uneven; soil gravelly loam and clay; 
on the river very fertile. The v. is situate on the E. side of 
Dudson r., and has commodious landings and a horse-ferry 
across the river. It is a considerable place, with stores, 
tni'chanic shops, etc., and carries on a trade with New York 
City, with which It is connected by the Hudson liiver li, K. 
and etcambuuts. I'op. of L 2,420. 

IIyi'E Park, p. v., Lu:ieme co., Penn^: 113 m. N. E. 
Harrisburg. 

HYDE Paee, v., Halifax county, ^\ C\ir. : G4 m. JT. N. E. 
Ealeigh. 

Hyde Park, t., p. t., and cap. Lamoille co.. Verm. : 26 m. 
U. Montpelier. Drained by numerous tributaries of La- 
moille river, which afford water-power. Surface hilly ; sod 
fertile, and easy of cultivation. The t. contains a court- 
house, jail, etc. Agriculture is the sole occnpation. Popu- 
Jatioa oft, 1,107. 

HyDESuuKGn, p. v., Kails co., Mo.: on a cr. of Salt r., 62 
m. N. N. E, Jefferson City. 

Hyde Settlement, p. v., Broomo co., 2^. Y. : on tho W. 
rfde ofTioughnioga cr., 113 m.W. S. W. Albany. 

Hti'Evillk, p. v., Kutland co., Venru : on the lino of tlie 
Saratoga and Washington R, R., 3 m. from Caatleton, and 
57 m. S. S. W. Montpelier. 

Hydraulic Mills, p. o., Albemarle county, Virg.: 73 m. 
W. N. W. Richmond. 

Uyoeia, p. o., Hamilton county, Ohio : 100 m. S. "W. 
Columbus. 

HvNDsvTLLB, p. V., Sclioharle co., iV. K ; on Oobbleelall 
arcek, 2Q m. W. Albany. 



I. 



Iberia, p. v., Miller CO., Mo. : abont 2 m. W. of Tavura 
cr. of Osiige r., 32 m. S. by W. Jcflerwin Cily. 



Iberi.*, p.j»., Morr.iw co., Ohio: on Ihe line of the Cin. 
cinnali, t'lcveland, and Columbus E. K., 50 m. N. by K 
Columbus and 85 m. from Cleveland. 

iBEKviLLS parish, La. Situate S. E. centrally, and coifc 
lains 239 sq. m. It lies on both sides of the Mississippi, 
and has Iberville and Aniil§ rivers on its E., and Atehafa.- 
laya and Grand rivers on tho Vi'. Surface level ami very 
low ; soil very fertile on the rivers, where it is principally 
cultivated. Corn produces good crops, but cotton and eu 
gar are the staples, of which large amounts are made and 
exported. Farms 219; nianuC III; dwell. 638, and pop.— 
wh, 8.56S, fr. col. llH, si. S.M2— kital 12,214. Orj^ilai 
Iberville. 

Ibekvilie (or Bayou Manchac), La.: an ontlet r.f tho 
Mississippi, about 15 m. below Baton liouge, and uniting it 
with Amit6 r., which flows into Lake Maurepas. It is nav- 
igable fur small vessels in time of flood. 

Ibekville, p. y., and cap. Iberville par.. La. : on the H> 
banli of the Mississippi, 23 m. S. S. E. Baton Eonge. II 
contains besides the county buildings, a flne hotel, sevora 
stores and private dwellings, and is surrounded by a Iraci 
of excellent cotton and sugar land. 

Ice's Feeuy, p. o., Monongalia ca, -Virff. : 199 m. N. "W. 
Eichmond. 

IcoErtjcKiSASSA, P.O., Hillsboro' CO., Ji'for.; on Ilillsboro" 
r., 213 ni. S. E. Tallahassee. 

IciiE3ninic.ii, p. v.. Perry co., Penn,: on a branch of the 
Susquehanna r., 29 m. N. W. Harrisliurg. 

Ida county, la. Situate N. W., and contains 4.32 sq. m. 
Drained by Little Siou.\ t., an aflluenl of the Missouri, and 
its branches. Unorganized in ISbil. 

Ida, t, and p. o., Monroo Co., Mich. : 69 m. 8. E. Lanstn'^ 
It has a rolling surface, a fertile soil, mostly enndy loam, 
and e.xcellent pastures. The Michigan Southern I;. E. 
passes through the N., and Ida sta. is 13 ni. from Monroa 
Pop. of L 345. 

Ijahbvilu!, p. v., Frederick co., 3f!. : on the N. side of 
Bush cr., 6 m. from Monocacy r. and ol m. N.AV. Annapolis. 
The Baltimore and Ohio It. E. passes through Uie v. 51 
m. from Baltimore. 

Ilouestee Mills, p. v., Howard co., Md.: on S. side of 
Tatapsco r., 24 m. N. W. Annapolis. The Baltimore am! 
Ohio E. E. passes this v. 13 m. from Baltimore. There aro 
extensive flouring mills at this place. 

Ilio.v, p. o., Uerldmer county, K y. : 09 m. W. X. W 
Albanj-. 



THE STATE OF ILLINOIS. 



iLLreoB lies between latitudes 87= OO" and 43° 80' N., and between longitudes STO 49' and 91o 2S' W. from Greenwich, 
^ ti Tr!*° '^^' "*^- ''""" ^^"^"""^ton. It Is bounded N. by Wisconsin ; N. E. by Lake Michigan : E. by Indiana- 
he Wabash E.ver forming tho boundary in half its length ; B. by the Ohio Elver, which separate's lUiuois from Ken- 
lucky, and W. by the Mississippi Elver, which flows between this State and the states of Wisconsin and Iowa.* The 
axtreme length of IHinoLs, on tho meridian of Cairo City, is STS miles, and its greatest breailth, which occurs on Ihe 
parauel of Danville, is 212 miles ; but the average length and breadth are much less. The piTiphery of the State measurer 
I.10IJ miles, the whole of which, with the exception of 805 miles, is formed by navigable waters ; and its eupcrllcial land 
area is estimated at 55,406 square miles. 

As a physical section Illinois occupies the lower part of that inclined plane of which Lake Michigan an.I both its 
Shores are the higher sections, and which is extended into and embraces the much greater part of Indiana. Down this 
plane, m a very nearly south-western direction, flow the Wabash and its confluents, tho Kaskaskia, Ihe Illinois and its 
Buitluents, and the Eock and Wisconsin rivers. The lowest section of the plane is also the extreme southern angle of 
1 mois, at Ihe mouth of tho Ohio Eiver, about 310 feet above tide-water in the Gulf of Mexico. Thousli Ihe Slate of 
lllmois does contain some low hilly sections, as a whole, it may be regarded as a gently inclining plane in the dirceti.m 
or ila rlrers, as already indicated. Without including minute parts, the extreme arable elevation may bo safely stated at 
bon feet above tide-w.ater, and the mean height at 550 fceU 

In some former period, observes Mr. Schoolcraft, there has been an olistniclion in the channel of the Mississippi, at or 
near Grand Tower, producing a stagnaUon of tho current at an elevaUon of about i:» feet above Uie present ordinary 



The Ac r.r C"y«» aJMtins tl„. Stat, into tha tJnion pr««ribe«, the boundaric m follovr, : B,;i„„inf; at th. fiioulli ..f tbe W»l,„l, R„<,r 
D.fnco up the miJJIe of the mam cluinnel thereof to the point where « line drawn due norlli of Viucenncs In.t c ' 

north f. the m,rtb-«e>.t cirner of the Stale ol Injr.™. thence east with the bounJ. 



line of the 



Ihrit BtreaiD, Ihence ilii« 



irth latitude 4(>» :1IV, thence west [o the t 



anie .State to the middle of Lake Micb^an, 



e of the Misst..ippi Itiver. tlienre down the middle 



thence dne noilh alnns the mi.ljle of said lake to r _ ^.., = „„„„o 

of the main .hannel Hereof to the nouU, of lb. Ohio Ri.er. thence ap the Inner stream along it« Bonlietn or'ri.'hl'.hure U iu Ih,^ or'blt'in'n in* 

803 



ILLINOIS. 



frater-mark. This appears evident from the general elevation and direction of the bills, which for several hundred milea 
fibove are separated by a valley from 20 to 26 milee wide, that deeply eiub<w:>iris ihu current of tlie Mieeissippi- 

■Wherever Iheae hills exhibit rocky and abrupt fronts, a scries of wat^-r-linee are diatinclly visil>Ie, und preserve a re- 
markable parallelism, uniformly presenting their greatest dej)re6sIon toward the sources of the rive-r; and, at Grand 
TowiT, these wat^r-lines are elevated about one hundred feet above the suramit of tho stratum, in which petrifactions of 
the madrepora and various fossil organic remains are deposited. Here the rocks of dark-c<3lorud limestone, which per-. 
Tade the country to a great extent, by their projections toward each o'ther, indieato that they have, at a remote period, 
been disunited, if not by some convulsion of nature, by theinee.*«ant action of the water upon a secondary formation, and 
Uial a pjussflge has been effected thr-iugh them, giving vent to Uio stagnant waters on the prairie lands above, and open- 
ing for the Mississippi its present channel. 

Next to Louisiana and Delaware, Illinois is the most level Stale In the Union. A small tract in the southern part of the 
State is hilly, and the northern portion is also somewhat broken. There are, likewise, considt^able elevations along the 
Illinois liiver, and the bluffs of the Mississippi in some places might pass almost for mountaias. But by fkr the greater 
portion ot the State is either distributed in vast plains, or In barrens, that are gently rolling liko the waves of tho sea after 
a storm. 

Tin: largest prairie In Illinois is denominated tho Grand Pralrio. Under this general name is embraced the country 
lying Ktwcen the waters ftilling into the Mississippi, and thfwe which enter the ^V abash rivers^ U does not consist of 
one vast tract, but is made up of continuous tracts with points of Hmher projecting inward, and long arms of prairie ex- 
tijnding between. The southern points of the Grand Prairie are formed in Jackson County, and extt-nd in a north-eastern 
course, varying in width from one to twelve miles through Perry, Washington, Jefferson, Marion, Fayette, EfBughara, 
Coles, Champaign, and Iroquois counties, where it becomes connected with the prairit-s that project eastward from the 
Illinois Kiver. A large arm lies in Marion County, between the waters of Crctoked Creek and tho east fork of the Kas* 
kaskia Kiver, where the VIncennes road passes through. This part alone is frequently called the Grand Prairie. 

Mucli the largest part of Uic Grand Prairie is gently undulating, rich, and fertile land ; but of the southern portion, con^ 
Bideralfle tracts are fiat, and of rather inferior soil. Ko insucmountable olislacle exists to its future population. No por- 
tion of it is more than six or eight miles distant from timber ; and coal in abundance is found in most parts. Those who 
have witnessed ihe changes produced upon a prairie surface within twenty or thirty years, consider these extcnsiro 
prairies as offering no serious impediment to the future growth of the State. 

Dr. Beck, in his Gazetteer of MUsmtri, published in 1S23, describes the uplands of St. Louis County as generally prairio; 
but almost all of Lhat tract of countr}' thus deecribed is now covered with a young growth of fine tlirilly timber, and it 
would be difficult to find an acre of prairie in the county. This important change has been produced by keepiug the 
fires out of the prairies. 

The first improvements are usually made on that part of the prairie which adjoins tho timber ; and thus we may 9«e, at 
the com^mencement, a range of farms circumscribing the entire prairie. The burning of the prairies is then stopped 
through the wliole distance of the circuit in the ncigiiborhood of these farms, to prevent injury to the fences and other 
hnprovemcnts. This is done by plowing two or three furrows all round the settlement In a short time the timber 
•printis up spontaneiiusly on all the parts not burned, and the groves and forests commence a gradual encroachment 
on the adjacent prairies; by-and-by yoii will see another lii-r of fhrras springing up on the outside of the first, and 
farther out on the prairie ; and thus farm succeeds farm, as the timber grows up, until the entire prairie is occupied.—- 
IliiTMis in 1S37. 

Illinois possesses immense advantages for internal navigation. Its north-eastern comer for fitly miles is washed by 
the waters of Lake Michigan, which open a communication nith the whole lake-country of the North. The Mississippi 
Hirer forms its western border, and the Ohio and Wabash rivers demark its southern and eastern limits, t^i^elher firming 
a natural w.ater highway of unexampled extent. The rivers whieb have their courses within the limits of the State are 
r.ock. Illinois, Kaskaskia, and Big Muddy, affluents of tlie Mississippi; the Embarras and Little Wabash, tributaries of 
the Wabash, and the Saline and Cash rivers, wliicli empty into the Ohio. The Illinois is much the largest of these ; it is 
formed by the union of the Kankakee and Des Plaine3,and in its course of 500 miles tow.ird the Mississippi receives Fox 
and Spoon rivers, Crooked Creek, and several other streams from the north, and the Vermillion, Mackinaw, Sangamon, 
and others from the south. The current of the Illinois is in general gentle, w ilh a wide, deep bed— in some places opening 
into broad and lake-like expanses. Iiin-k liiver rises in Wisconsin, and has a coursa of 3(t0 miles; it is navigable for 
some distance, but in its upper course is impeded by several rapids. The Kaskaskia rises In the eastern part of the 
State and pursues a direction nearly parallel to that of the Illinois and Kock rivers, and after a course of ZOO miles 
reaches the Mississippi in latitude 88° north. The Big Muddy is also a considerable stream. The rivers flowing to tho 
Ohio and Wabash are generally of less volume than the smaller class of rivers flowing toward the Mississippi, but several 
are navigable, and all contribute much to the wealth of the country by the abundance of water-power they supply for 
meciianicjil purposes. 

The northern portion of Illinois is inexhaustibly rich in minerals, while coal, secondary limeslone, and samlstone aro 
found in almost every part. Iron ore is also widely distributed. The minerals most common to tho north-western 
seeti<in a»e lead and copper. The lead diggings extend over a vast tract and into the adjoining States, and are, doubt- 
less, tho most productive of any hitherto km^wn. Silver has also been found in this region intermixed with galena. Tho 
coal of Illinois is bituminous, and is spread over a large extent of countr>' ; it is found in the ravines and bluffs of the 
Mississippi, and large veins were struck in excavating the canal below Ottawa. The great coal region, however, extends 
from central Iowa to northern Kentucky, across the State. Building stones of almost every description are quarried. 
Sulphur and chalybeate springs exist in several parts of the State, and there are salt springs in Gallatin, Jackson, Ver- 
million, and other counties. Immense boulders of granite are frequently seen upon the surface. 

The soils of Illinois, though of such various character, are all highly fi-rtlle and productive. In the bottoms, or alluvial 
borders of the rivers, the soil is chiefly formed from the dep<wits of the waters during flood. In some cases the mold so 
forme*! is twenty-flve feet and upward in depth, and of inexhaustible fertility. One-sixth of the alluvial land, however, 
Is unfit for present cultivation, although it is productive in timber. A tract called the "American BotUim," extending 
along the Mississippi for 90 miles an<l about 5 miles in average width, is of this formation. About the French U^wn^ it 
has been cultivated, and produced Indian corn every year, without manuring, for a century and a half. The prairie 
lands, aithougli not so productive, are yet not inferior for many agricultural purposes, and are preferred, where wood is 
to bo had. on account of their superior salubrity. The barrens, or oak openings, have frequently a thin soil. In the 
304 



ILLINOIS. 



north lliere arc tracts sciraewhat alouj, yet in every other part the plough may pass over millions of acrea without meeting 
60 much as a pebble to inipcdt^ its course. 

Illinois, exleniling as it (lues over Ave and a half degrees of latitude, must possess some variety in its climate, and the 
level surface lliat characterizes It, exposes it alike ti> sun and storm. The winu-rs are oTcrywIiere severe, and the sum- 
mers hot and [irolongod. The climate is also subject to sudden changes, especially from Nov»mlx:r to May, and below 
the parallel of 4(P the summer heat is extremely enervating. The prevailing winds are the south-west, which blow for 
Ihree-founhs of the jear. The north and norlh-westerly prevail in llie winu-r months. On the whole, however, Iha 
climate is favorable to out-door occupaliims, tbe proportion of clear and cloudy days being as 245 of tlie former to liil) of 
the latter. Vegetation commences with April, and the Brst killing frost occurs from the 1st W the ISUi September. Tho 
general salubrity of Illinois is well atle>5te>cl, and few suffer from endemic diseases, except those who are imprudent or 
eoltlc near swamps and other sources of miasms. 

In general Illinois is well supplied with timber, and were it equally distributed through the State, there would be 119 
part wajiting. The kijids of timber most abundant are uaks of vari'jus species, black and white walnut, ash of several 
kinds, elm, sugar maple, honey locu.=.t, hackberry, linden, hickory, cotton wood, pecaun, nmlberry, buckeye, sycamore, 
wild cherry, boi elder, sassalras. and persimmon. In the southern and eastern parts of the Stale, yeUow poplar anil 
beeeh are the pecuhar growths, and near the Ohio are elurii|w of yellinv pino and cedar. The under growths are red- 
bud, pawpaw, simiac, phim, crab-apple, grape-vines, di.g-wcKid. spice-bush, groen-brier, hazel, etc. The alluvial soil of 
the rivers produces colUin-wood and sycamore limber of amazing sizi^ Many valuable mctlicinal plants are fouud in 
every part of the SUite- 

Tlie wild animals found in Illinois are slmil.ir to those existing in other parts of tho Gre.it West, but many species 
have become exlincL Of wolves the species still found ar.- the gray wolf (ciiiiU liijms), the black wolf (ranis li/ction), 
and tbe common prairie wolf {ttaiis lutrMix). Tho latter is in.>st comnum, and is found in considerable nuniliers. 
ranthers and wild cats are less frequeutly seen, but occasionally do mischief. The buffalo no longer roams on the 
prairies, and the deer and bear have retreated fn.)ra the settlements. Foxes, racco(.ns, opossums, gc.phars, and s.iuirrebi, 
however, are numerous, as are muskrals, otters, and occasoiinlly bcjivers about the rivers and lakcts; but all these aru 
being destroyed rapidly, and in a few years the trapper and ImnU-r will have to move westward for sport an.l prey. 
Ducks, geese, swans, and many other aquatic birds visit the waters in spring lime, and the smaU lakes an.l sloughs flxo 
often literally covered with Ihe prairie fowl, and partridges are also aljun.hml. The bee is found in the trees of every 
forest, and few States can boast of such variety ami abundance of fish :i.s are here fouinl in Ihe rivers and lake 

Illinois is divided Into US counties, the general statistics of which and llie capitals 



of each in 1S50 were as follows: 



Adams 

Alexander. 

Bond 

Bixinc 

Brown 



Dwell 

. 4,409 . 
.. 455 . 

. 1,070 . 

. i.sr.2 . 

. 1,363 . 



Bureau 1,464 , 



C.'illioun 

Carroll 

C^ass 

Champaign . 
Christian . . 

Clarke 

Ctay 

Clinlon 

CoIl^s 

Cook 

Crawford . . . 
Cumlierland 
De K.-vlb.... 

De Will 

Du I":'.ge . . . 

Edgar! 

Edwards . . . 
Efiingham. . 
Fayelle . . . . 
Franklin . . 

Eulton 

Gallatin ... 

Greene 

Onintiy 

Hamilton .. . 
Hancock . . 

Hardin 

Henderson. 

Henry 

Iroquois . . . 
Jackson . . . 

Jasper 

Jefferson . . , 
Jersey 



600 . 

S14 .. 
1.169 . 

450. 

555 ., 
1,621 . 

716. 

1147 . , 
1/.71., 
7,674 . 
1,192 ., 

6«. 
1.3i« . 

8S1 . 
1.56> . 
1,703 . 

695. 

712 . 
1,4.S1 . 

971 . 
8.S11 . 
1,000 . 
2.ir24 . 
■ 543 . 
1,1158 . 
2,5bo . 

4So. 
. .SOS. 

77- 
, 71S . 
. 1,089 . 

.■iSS . 
l.-MS . 
1,222 . 



Joliaviess. .3,431 . 



Pop. 

26,50S . . 
2,454 . . 
e,144 .. 
7.626 . . 
7,193 .. 
S,S41 .. 
8,231 . . 

4,&-;6 .. 

7,253 . . 

2.649 . . 

3,2(»2 . . 

9,532 . . 

4,2S9 . . 

6,189 .. 

9,.S:)5 .. 
43,3So . . 

7.135 .. 

8,720 . . 

7/.40 . . 

5.(m . . 

9,290 . . 
10,692 . . 

S,!i24 . . 

S.799 . . 

8,075 . . 

8,631 . . 
22,508 . . 
. 6,448 . . 
1*,429 .. 

8.0*! . . 

6,362 . . 
, 14,052 . . 
, 2,Ss7.. 
. 4,612 . . 
, 3.S07 . . 
. 4,149.. 
. 5,362 . , 

3,220 . . 

8,109 . . 
. 7,364 .. 
. 18,604 . . 



iiicult. 

2,294 . 

202 . . 

666 .. 

897 .. 

818 .. 

741 .. 

205 . . 

433 .. 

606 . . 

273 .. 

an .. 

686.. 

237 . . 

623 . . 

996 .. 
1,S57 . . 

542 .. 

326 . . 

612 .. 

4S2 .. 

960 . . 
1,175.. 

329 . . 

891 .. 

826 . . 

577 .. 
1,942 . . 

670.. 
1,1.65 . . 

837.. 

417.. 
1,167 . . 

.326 . . 
, 420 . . 

281 ... 

387 .. 
, 604 . . 

2S3 .. 

470 .. 

645 .. 
1,370 . . 



.llaniif 
KsUh, 

. 118 . 

. 8 . 

. 17 . 
. 17 . 



Capitala. 

Qiiincy 
Thebes 
Greenville 
Belvidere 
"3 .. M"tSt<.-rling 
20 . . Princeton 
.. H.ardin 
17 .. Mount Carroll 
26 . . Beardslown 
.. Urbana 
12 . . Taylorville 
14 . . Marshall 
6 .. Louisville 
3 . . Carly V 
. Charleston 
, Chicag.i 
. Kobinson 
. Greenup 
. Sycamore 
. Clinton 
. Naperville 
. Paris 
. Albion 
. Ewington 
. Vandalia 
. lienlrtn 
. L.owist'>n 
. Shawneetown 
. Carrolltou 
. Morris 
. M'Leansboro' 
. Carthage 
. Elizabetlitown 
, . Oquawka 
. Cambri.lge 
. Mi.lrlleport 
. Miirphrysboro 
. Newton 
. Mount Vernon 
. -lerseyville 
. Galena 

20 



C<. unties. 


DwtlL 


Pop. 


F»tm« 
inciilL 


Mnn.if. 
Kstnlj. 


John-son... 


713. 


. 4,118 . 


.301 . 


4.. 


Kane 


2.S2.S . 


10,7"2 . 


1,015 . 


49.. 


Kendall... 


1,-J5S . 


. 7,730 . 


. 669. 


. 0.. 


Knox 


2.193 . 


. 13,279 . 


. 619 . 


.100. 


Lake 


2,455 . 


14,226 . 


1,695. 


. 43 . 


La Salle... 


8,074 . 


. 17,815 . 


. 1,836 . 


. 46 . 


Lawrence . 


1,067 . 


. 6.121 . 


. 656 . 


. 26. 


Lee 


SOS. 


. 6,292 


. 473. 


. 12. 


Living-stiin. 


. 261 . 


. 1„=>52. 


. 135 . 


. 0. 


Logan 


Si)5. 


. 6,12s . 


. 476. 


. 14 . 


M'D..iii.Hgh 


. 1,262 . 


. 7,615 . 


. 648. 


. 19. 


M-Uenry... 


2,6.60. 


. 14,979 . 


. 1,950 . 


. 17. 


M'Lean . . . 


1,S61 . 


. 111,163 . 


. 916. 


. 3 . 


Macon 


693 . 


. 8,933. 


. 4S7 . 


. 17. 


Macoupin . 


2,037 . 


. 12,855 . 


. 1,133 . 


. 24 . 


Madison... 


3,490 . 


. 30,436 . 


. 1,867 . 


.132. 


Mari^.n 


1,132. 


. 6,720 . 


. 627. 


. 9. 


Marshall... 


. 910, 


. 5,130 . 


. 4U . 


. 11 . 


MiLSsac 


. 704. 


. 4,092 . 


. 835. 


. 11 . 


Mason 


. 1,041 . 


. 5,921 


. 727 . 


. 8. 


Menar.l . . . 


. 1,086. 


. 6,349 . 


. 706 . 


. 83 . 


Mercer .... 


. 892 . 


. 6,246 


. 517 . 


. 0. 


Mifnrixi ... 


. 1,421 . 


. 7,679 . 


. S74 . 


. 38 . 


M.-ntg-imery 1,' "' . 


. 6J76. 


. SU . 


. 17 . 


Morgan . . . 


. 2,601 . 


. 16.064 . 


. 1,674 . 


. 89. 


Moultrie . . . 


. 664 . 


. 8,234 . 


. 8<U . 


. 11 . 


Ogle 


1,67S . 


. 10,020 . 


. 1,053 . 


. 30. 


IVoria 


8,086 . 


. 17,.->47 . 


. 1,191 . 


. 184. 


Perry 


. 967. 


. 5,2W . 


. 633 . 


. 7 . 


Pike 


3,152 . 


. 18,819 . 


. 1,383 . 


. 87 . 


Piatt 


. 157. 


. 1,606 . 


. 168. 


. 2. 


P0[(0 


. 747. 


. 8,1175 . 


. 504. 


. 12 . 


Pulaski ... 


. 4IS . 


. 2,465 . 


, 2*6 . 


. 18. 


Putnam . . . 


. 6:56 


. 3,024 


. 817. 


. 26 . 


Pan.lolph.. 


. 2.046 


. 11,079 . 


. 1,100 . 


. 36. 


Richland .. 


. 7M 


. 4.012 . 


. 204 


. 3. 


I'.ock Island 1,246 


. 6,937 


. 5S5 


. 11 . 


St. Clair... 


. 3,727 . 


. 2o,13I . 


. 1,961 


. 62. 


Saline 


. 961 . 


. 5,583 


. 673 


. 11 . 


Sangamon 


.3,173 . 


. 19,223 . 


1,57s. 


. 92 . 


Schuyler . . 


. 1,783 . 


, 10,573 . 


. 624. 


. 52.. 



CapiuU 

Vienna 
Geneva 
Oswego 
KiinxviUo 
Waukcgan 
Ottawa 
Lawrcncevillo 
Dixon 
Pontiuc 
Po3tviile 
Macomb 
Dorr 

Bloomington 
Deailur 
CarlinviHe 
Edwards ville 
Salem 
Lacoii 

Melrop'lis City 
Bath 

Petersliurgh 
MiUersburg 
llarriaonviUe 
IlilLsboro' 
JaoksonTillo 
Sullivan 
Oregon City 
Peoria 

PinckiioyvUle 
I'itl3fl..-Id 
Monlioelio 
Golconda 
N. Caledonia 
Hennopia 
Cli^ster 
Olney 

Rock Island 
B.Mcville 
Raleigh 
Springfield 
EushTtlle 
806 













ILLINOIS. 












Counties. 


Dwell. 


F,f 


K.irms 


Mann 
Kstab 


CHpiUls. 


counties. 


Dwell. 


Top. 


K:irmn 
til . ult 


Manuf 
Kstab. 


Capitula, 


BcoU 


1^00. 


. T-.914 . 


. T12. 


. 64. 


. Winohester 


Washington 


. 1.25S . 


. 0.953 . 


. b29 . 


. 9. 


NlWiville 


Shelby.... 


. 1.411 . 


. r,80T. 


. 834. 


. 7. 


. ShelbvviUo 


Wayne 


1,209 . 


. 6,S25. 


. 492. 


. 6. 


Fairfleld 


Slark 


. 694. 


. s,no. 


. 848. 


28. 


Tijulon 


While 


1,6.37 . 


. S.920 . 


. 1,101 . 


. 22. 


. Carmi 


Stephenson 


1,950 . 


. 11.6156 . 


. 1,179 . 


. 76. 


. Frecport 


Whitesides. 


928. 


. 5,861 . 


. 404. 


. M. 


SU-rlhig 


Tazewell . . 


1,991 . 


12.052 . 


1,110 . 


76. 


Treraont 


Will 


2,790 . 


. 16.703 . 


. 1,200 . 


. 94. 


Joliet 


Union — , 


. 1,2S9 . 


. T,G15 


SIO 


21 . 


Jonesboro' 


Williamson 


1.195 . 


. 7,216 . 


. 7.52 . 


. 10. 


Marion 


VcrmiUion . 


. 1,9« . 


11.492 . 


. 1,269 . 


IS. 


. Danville 


Winnebago 


1.979 . 


. 11,778 . 


. 919. 


. 02. 


lioclif.)rd 


Wabash... 


. SOS. 


. 4.C90 . 


58-3. 


9. 


. Mount Carmel 


Woodford . 


747 . 


4,416 . 


. 606. 


. 14. 


Metamora 


Warren . . . 


. 1,401 . 


. 8,176. 


. 95G. 


43. 


. Monmouth 















The whole number of dwellings in the State was, at the above date, 146.544; of families, 149,16.3; and of inhabitants, 
851,470, viz.: whiles, 846,104— m.ales «5,64t, and females 400,460; free colored, 5,366— males 2,756, and females 2,610. 
Of the whole population, there were, deaf and dumh—\\h. 473, fr. col. 2— total 475; Uhul—wh. 253, fr. col. 4— total 267; 
insane — wh. 246, fr. col. 8 — total 249 ; and hlwtk- — wh. 36S, IV. col. 3 — total 371. The number of free persons born in tho 
Vnited Slates was 736.931 ; the number of foreign birlh, 110,593, and of birlh unknown, 3,947 ; the native population 
originated as follows: Maine 3,693, N. Ilamp. 4,233, Term. 1,331, Mass. 9,230, K. I. 1,031, Conn. 6,>99, N. York 07,180, N. 
Jer. 6,343, Penn. 87,979, Del. 1,.397. MJ. 6,393, Dist. of Col. 220, Tirg. 21,697, N. Car. 13,351, S. Car. 4,103, Ga. 1,341, Flor. 
23, Ala. 1,335, Miss. 490, La. 4'-0, Tex. 6.3, Ark. 727, Tenn. 32,303, Ky. 49,503, Ohio 64.219, Mich. 2,153, Ind. 80.9.53, lUlnois 
848,613, Mo. 7,233, la. 1,511, Wise. 1,095, Calif. 3, Territories 16. And tho/o/'oyH population was composed of persons 
from— England 18,623, Ireland 27,736, Scotland 4.661, Wales 572, Germ.any 83,160, France 3,396, Spain 70, Portugal 42, 
Belgium 83, Holland 220, Italy 4.3, Austria 65, Switzerland 1,035, P.ussia 27, Denmark 93, Korivay 2,415, Sweden 1,123, 
Prussia 230, Greece 4, China 1, Asia 2, Africa 11, British America 10,099, Me.\ico 30, South America 12, West Indies 75, 
Bamhvich Islands 9, and other countries 495. 

The following table will exhibit the decennial progress of the popidation since the Urst census of the Slate taken by tho 
United States authorities : • 



Census. 



year. 

1310 . 

16^0 . 

18.30 156,001 



While 

fernotis. 

1I,.501 . 



CororeJ Persons. 



Tntal 

Population. 

.. 12,282 ... 



Decennial Increase. 



nmerival Percent. 



1340 . 
1860 . 



Free. Slave. Total. 

613 163 781. 

5-3,733 606 917 1,428 55,211.... 42.929 349.5 

1,037 747 2,834 157.445 .... 102,234 1S5.2 



. 472,254 3,593 881 8,929 . 

.840,104 6,366 — 6,366. 



. 476,13:3 
, 851,470 



... 813,733 202.4 

... 875,237 73,3 



Tlie statistics of the weallh and industry of Illinois, as furnished by the general census of 1850 and other official returns 
referring to that year, are as follows : 

Occupied Lands, etc. — Improved lands, 5,039.545 acres, and unimproved lands, 0,997,367 acres — together valued in 
cash at $96,133,290. Nutubcr of farms under eultivation, 76,203. Value of farming implements and machinery, $0,40j),561. 

Live Stock. — Horses, 207,653 ; asses and mules, 10,573 ; miich cows, 294,671 ; working o.xen, 70,150 ; other cattle. 
641.209 ; sheep, 894,043 ; swine, l,9Io,910— valued in the aggregate at $24,209,253. In 1S40 there were in the Slate 199,335 
hor.-^es, mules, etc. ; 626,274 neat cattle; 595,672 sheep, and l,4,t5.2>l swine. 

Grain (_'/(i;'».— Wheat, 9,414,575 bushels ; rye, 3:3,304 bushels ; Indian corn, 57,610,9^1 bushels ; oats, 10,1 57,241 bushels ; 
barley, 110,795 bushels ; and buckwheat, 1*4,504 bushels. The crops of 13.39-40 consisted of— wheal, 3,833,393 bushels ; 
harley, 82,251 bushels ; oats, 4,933,003 bushels ; rye, 88,197 bushels ; buckwheat, 57,884 bushels ; and Indian corn, 22,031,211 
boshed. . . 

Otiier Crops.— ViKQ, pounds ; tob.acco, 841,394 pounds ; ginned cotton, 1 bale of 400 pounds ; peas and beans, 83,814 
tushels ; potatoes— Irish, 3.514.S61, and sweet, 157,433 bushels ; hay, 601,932 tons ; elover-seed, 8,427, and other grass-seeds, 
14,3S0 bushels ; hops', 8,651 pounds; hemp— dew-rotted,, 142, and water-rotted, 141 tons; flax, 160,003 poimds; flax-seed, 
10.7^5 bushels; sugar — maple, 243,904 pounds, and cane, hogsheads of 1,000 pounds; molas.>*es, 8.3.54 gallons; wine, 
2,997 gallons, etc. The value of orchard products was $446,059, and of market-garden products, $127,494. The following 
taljle compares some of the principal staples at Uie two periods, 1340 and 1350 : 

Slaples. (-1840. 18.W. Movement 

Tobacco 661,326 pounds 841,394 pounds iner. 277,063 pounds, or 49-09 per cent. 

Ilerap... 1 , „,., ( 233 tons i 

Flax...... [ 1,9701 tons ] 160,063 pounds } c'^er. 8,632,817 " or 82-00 « 

Hay 104,933 " 001,953 tons incr. 437,020 tons or204-96 " 

Products of Animah.^V! oo\, 2.150,118 (in 1339-40, 650,007) pounds ; butter, 12,620,613 pounds; and cheese, 1,279,225 
pounds. Value of animals slaughtered in the ye.ar 1349-50, $4,973,230. Silk cocoons were produced to the amount of 
47 (ill 1539-40, 1,150) pounds ; and beeswax and honey, to that of S05,441 pounds. 

ITiyme-made Manufadurea for the year ending 80th June, 1360, were valued at $1,155,902. In 1839^0, the raise is set 
down at $998,507. 

MannJactureR. — Aggregate capital invested, $00,000,000; value of raw materials, fuel, etc.. consumed, $0,000,000; 
average number of bands, 00.000 — males, 0,000, and females, 0,000; average monthly cost of labor — male, 00,000, and 
female, $00,000 ; annual value of products, $00,000,000. The whole number of manufacturing establishments producing 
to the value of $500 and upw.ard in 1850, was 3,099, and of tliese — were cotton factories, 16 woolen factories, 96 tanneries, 
and 81 iron manufactories, of which 2ti made castings, 2 pig iron, and wrought iron. 

The woolen manufactures employ a capital of $154,500 ; and consume annually 396,964 pounds of wool ; value of all 
raw material, fuel, etc., consumed, $115.367 ; hands employe(l — males 124, and females 64 ; monthly cost of labor— male, 
J J. 723, and female, $076; cloth manufactured, 300,996 yards, and yarn, 137,000 pounds; value of entire products, 
$206,572. 

The tanneries have a capital of $183,378 ; value of hides and skins used, $129,907 ; male hands employed, 240 ; monthly 
cost of labor, $5,145; sides of leather tanned, 101,650, and of skins, 31,675; value of products, $M4,02S. 
806 



ILLINOIS. 



The irm, mnnuftclurcs, under the tbrco separ^Ue h«i.ls as gir>;u in the census, are exhib.led as follows-m *" """o- 
f„.inr,. at uiaircm ih- eapilal invesu..! amounts tu $05.(100 ; ore consnrae.1, 6,500 tons, and coke and charcoal, 1 ,0.000 
to.heh • yahie of all r.iw material. J15,.-iO0 ; hands employed, Ifxl ; monthly cost of labor $3,810 ; pig iron produced, 2,700 
loM • value of entire produela, tT0,2(M ;-and in the manuraclurc of «,.»« ,>«,, $2C0,400 is invented ; matwiai consumed 
ni,- Iron 4 SIS l-ms old metal 50 tot.s, mineral coal 1,412 tons, .an.l coke and charcoal 12,5<» bushels-Toluod m the ,■«- 
irre^te at*n2,3:30: hands employed, 332, at average monthly w:«e.« lf2S 50: casting, ma.le,4,lf,0 tons; and c^lur prf>- 
fucte to the value of tm.m ; toUd value of products, ?441,1'~5. According to the "-"^s no ,cr,n„^.t ,r„n ,s manulac- 
toed in the '^tate The tot.M capital invested In the mannfa.-tur* of iron is thus $325,400 ; the > aluo of ra« n-ater.al, 
fuel etc consumed. $1S7,S.'!0; the Bimual cost of labor, $UW,2M; and the value of pro.1uets,$r,n,3s6. , ,.^ 

The inanufacmre^s, othenvLsc than those enumerated, consist elnefly of U.c various trades and meehamo art, Tvh.ch 
Jam- exist in agricultural SUtU-s, as saw, grist, oil, flour, and other mills; wh«-lwright shops; ttgr.cuUural irnplemen 
fcetorils"«.,etc: which, taken togolher an,l in cmmecion «ith the staple uu.MUfacturc* above UcUtkdi exh.b.l a very 
rosncclabic c'-ndilion of the country in relati.'n to this hrtmrh of industry. . ^ „, „ , 

Zln tU,n<.rc..-Thc direct foreign commerce of llhnois is chiefly with the British prnvinces. Tlte ^p,^^ .all of 
aorn^l ..r .in, for the v«r ending 30,h .lune, 1S60, were valued at $lT.6<i9 ; and the ,»/«.rr. at $ B,7o5. Ol he export, 
onh- $1 "S" and of the In.ports $7,7^3;- were the values of g<K,ds carried in American bottoms. Tins represents the cm,- 
me cc of the co"lleeti„n district, of which thicag.. Is the port of entry, the port^ on the Mississippi being in the d,slru-to 
Se v'lr cans. The to.al entric. were 22 a,38S tons), of which 4 ttUS tons) wer.. foreign; and the tola clearance, were 
P> Ml ton.s) of which 6 C99S tons) were foreign. The shipping owned in the dLstrict of Chtcago on the 30th .Tune, 1 WO, 
^™n" lo 2U42 tons, all -'permanent n-gister," and engaged in the c-oasflng trade, and of th,s M9 tons w« nav- 
a d b - t am. The total number of ,-e-ssels built in the district during U.e year as above was 13 ( ,691 '™»); " ;*; ■ ^ 
i^aleu 1.1 aea „..amer The statistics of the forvign commerec for several years exhibit the fol- 

rr„g-?.;w 'iu T«7 ■^^SinJif $47,^5. in 1S4S rss,41T. and la ISM *n,0C9 ; and >..,^,. in 1S47 »26C. in 1S.S 

*'^^::,i'!!lcw;::' T.X^^^ of intoma, c^nnmnnicnuon in Illinois, except in one or two ftvored l,.a.- 
nie are a t very limitd. Some of her interior rivers are navigable, and a ™r.lon of navigable water almost Insula es 
Uos"tc but unti access lo these be facilitated by railroads, their use to commerce must be comparatively small. Never- 
U el«s rfi'cre a few ports that equal Chicago in its comtnerce, and Alton on the Mississippi is fast rising into importance 
nor fia ena to be left unnamed in the list of commercial places. At these ports, as weU asthc.e onihe Illinoi, Kiver attd 
Can'd a vit amount of business is transacto,l-that of Chicago with the East, an,l that of Ordcna, Altori, etc., chiefly wih 
S^SoiUh The lnter,.sla of the two sections ar^ partially blended by the canal which opens the lakes to thebouh 
! Id We t' and will bo completely united, when the vast system of railroads in course of eonslrnetio,. s brought into 
actton The length of railroad now in operation within the State is 2S7 miles; the length m progress is 1.822 miles ; and 
S Men.'lh proiected and surveyed about 6.W miles. The principal poiiits.from and to whieh he several lines exX-nd 
f^e-Chcago '1^0 at iciest seven lines centre; Alton, which is the terminus of tlire-e lines ; «alcna,wh,c^ ,s em.necUHl 
wUh Ch ISo on 11.0 east, and Cairo on the south ; Cairo, where the great central railroad cmiects wi h he Mobile and 
i rai road; Kock Island, the west tenuinus of the Chicago an.l Koek Island Kaiiroad; and on the Indiana line \ m- 
^nni Terre name, etc., from which latter places the principal cast and west lines pass, uniting the system o 1 lino, 
Wi h moIJof indiankoh'io, etc. All the line, referred to w.ll be conip.eted within *--' J^^^ ^-J^f^'^ ^ ,^^ ,^^ 
Illmois will have Ihirlv entercl upon that great commercial deslmy that awaila her career. Ihe p oportion "<■""'! l'-"' 
n'ilroadrio superfleie; in this St.L in January, ISM, Va. a. 1 mile of r.x.1 Ui eve,> ISJ squaxo mUcs, a»d to Ui. fopula- 

"i::^"r!r^^::im:7^!;l S'Lu of minols on ,he ist January, 1S51, wa. as l^Uow, ; -^ebts of aU 
kinds duL $706,s90 57 ; real estate at aist, $747,.'.75 05 ; lllitiois State tands, $17,501 M, and interest $20,240 4S ^h.u.is 
Sacs rip $14 ^5 20, and eou,x,ns, $.l,75<. 30 ; sundry sl,x-I;s, »9;C74 99; .iue by other banks an.l bankers $1S,85S 9. 
Soa scnp, ji4,ooj "_ '.,ir»V,f,M ■«• total $1 675 5.M 94; .an,l U«hUitlf« other than to stiwkh.ildcrs-bonds 

ft^i^'tT^dt ;t^^'^^-'t!n:a,:"^ 

notes .and oertifieates ouLL.1 „g. $21s.t.7S 01 ; total. $445,190 90. All ,>ther banks in operation at the present , m.^ 16 
" 17 r number, are organised' under the Free Bank.ng Lav, of U.e Sl^te, and th. no^-s ar. considered to be we.l 
secured, having government bonds and st<x-k3 as their ba-sis. , ■ r, ,,,„ »..,-,r/.rT,meni 

Z»™,i.«iLThe first constitution of Illinois is dated 2Ctli August, ISIS. The constitution on which '»•; ^ -o--™ 
Is Lc,i at the present time was adopted in convention SJst August, 1^47, and accepted by "'^P^ '';''' M^f'^'^^^J^- 
providesmate^cry white male citi.en, 21 years old, resident ^^^^ ^^^^^^ ::;^;^^, rSnate 

The legislature is termed the General Assembly, and consists of a Senate and "°"^f "' t'?"*"'^^,^,,^; ,„n,p„«.,r 
composed of 25 members, elected for f..ur years, one-half cverj two years; and '^'l^^^^^f ll'^l'^^^^^^/J,^^ ^^ 
,A members, elected for two years, Memlx-rs of both houses must '>7;'--- "' ^^f^^'^^^ .'^ ;^, ,Xn "e St^e 3 
rears old, and have been resident in the Slate for 5 years; .md representatives nu be ^ and ha» ^ ,,p„,,„,„,iv,.s 
fears. These numbers may be incrcascxl when the population amounts to l,,>oo,o,«), hut the " "''^^'^ J 
Lust never exceed 100. Pay of members $2 a day for 42 .lays, an.l $1 a day alU-rwarJ. In H.ruiing senatorial r,pre 
s^ntative district*, the raimber of «/„fc inhabit.ants is only to be regarded. ^^^ g^^,^^ 

The Governor Iselected q,.adreniii.ally by a plurality of votes. Ue must Ik. ■!■' T^-^ ™ ^ of Government, and is 

and a resident of the State for the 10 year, next prece.ling. The Governor ''^V'^^^'' "' '"^!,' °Vy mJlify the Govor- 
aot eligible for re-c-lection at aconsecu.ive term. A m.ajority of the members elected ^: «" '^™^4'"" J.f,™'^^„„, ^, ,„« 
nor-s «.to on any act of the legislature. The Ueuten.ant-Govcrnor ^^r^^^^^^J^^^X^^^^ and he 
Gov,.nior ; and in case of the death or disability of tluj duef execuuic, the Liculcnaul-trt»..rni r ,u.w .u 
b al5o,v-'iAVio Tresiilent of the Senate. divided into three CT-.ui'l 

Tl,e.i,i.U,.arv- consists of a Supreme Court, Clr^tt Courts and '^l^ ,^^^ ^^'^l^^: ^1 
judicial diMsion.,, each of whieh elecU.a Judge for nine V^"'- "'^"^'^^^^'^^^^.^^X.MheJurLsdietion of which is 
State,,, un,l reshlent in the State five years; and the >h-e "dgc- '^Z^^^^^^^ some 'impcichmenls-in all other 
original in ca.scs relat.ng to the revenue cases of <n™l"">'» ■■'"'' '^'^'^f^rj,,!, ^e session in each division annually ; 
.asc-s app.-llate. One of the judge, is elected every ''^'''^J'^.'^^JXsTZ^r, 2d division, at Springfleld, on the third 



ILLINOIS. 



of wbtch electe a judge for six years, who must be 80 yeare of age, and otherwise qualified as are judges of the Supreme 
CourL Judges are not eligible to any other office during tlieir tcrai. nor for one year ai^er. Cook County ha^ a District 
Court of Common Pleas. Kach county elects a judgu for luur years, who holds a county court for the tranwiclioD of 
county and probate business, with limited civil and criminal jurisdiction. 

Among Ibe i)rovisiun8 pf the ConsUtulion are the following: no State bank can be created nor revived ; acts creating 
banks must be submitted to the pcoide and receive a majority of votes in llieir favor to become law ; stockholders are 
individually liable to the amount of their shares; corporations not for banking purposes maybe established under 
general laws; slavery and lotteries are prohibited ; duelling is a disqualification for office ; colored persons, free or slave, 
are not permitted to come into the Stale. 

To alter the Constitution, the amendments must bo passed by a two-tblrds vote of the whole number of members 
elected to boLh houses, published and referred Uy the next legislature, and if passed again by a majority, tlicn they miwt 
be submitted lo the people, whose approval by a majority vote makes Ihem law. 

The c:dling of a convention to amend the Constitution, if recommended by a two-thirds vote of the legislature, is 
submitted to the people, and if a majority of votes are in its favor, the convention shall be called by Uie succeeding 
legislature. Amendments can be proposed to but one article of the Constitution at one session. 

The niititia of Illinois, according to the Army Kegister fi>r 1S51, consists of 170,359 men of all arms, of which 4,613 
are commissioned oflicers, and 16i),741 non-commissioned officers, musicians, and j)rivate3. Ofthe commissioned ofBccra 
80 arc general officers, 99 genera! staff officers, 1,297 field officers, and 3.192 company oflicers. 

The principal State benevolent in^itntioji is the Asylum for the Dc-af and Dumb at Springfield. This Institution was 
opened in January, 1S46. The number of pupils in January, 1S49. was &>, of whom 26 were females; and 10 were from 
Missouri and 1 from Iowa — the remainder from Illinois. The annual session commences tlie first Thursday in October. 

Fimivc^^ Puhlie Debt, etc. — The receipts into the treasury for the two years ending 3*3th November, J.S50, were 
$402,179 27, of which $394,103 53 was derived from taxes, and $8,075 74 from all other sources; and the expenditures for 
the !*ame period amounted to $326,120 27. of which $137,190 10 was ordinary expenses of the government, $7S,436 90 
special appropriations and expenditures, $4,G1S 93 interest on funds due deaf and dumb asylum, $105,G9S OS issued to 
scliool commissioners, and $170 lt> interest i)aid on old warrants. The receipts lor the two years exceeded the disburse- 
ments $76.i-)53. The amount of Interest fund tax received for the same period was $296,320 89, and the amount of 
Intcnst paid was $'26;3,i>34 50. The whole amount of real and personal estate subject to taxation in 1S49 was $Hjp,432J53, 
upon wliith the Slate tax was $012,428, but which netted oidy $578,703 31. In lS.i(i the value of taxable property amount- 
ed to $114,782,045 ttrue or estimated valuation according to the census $150,595,000). The aggregate ofthe i)ublic 
debt on the 1st January, 1.^51, was $10,6-27,5'.'9 91 ; of this $S,7S4,4S1 4S was state debt proi>cr, and $7,S43,028 43 the 
oanal debt. These two debts are explained as follows: 



BTATE PKBT. 

Principal debt ftinded under act of 1S47..... 15,590,565 86 

Interest on same to same date 1,020,278 IS 

Arrears of interest funde<l 1,945,485 27 

Unfunded internal improvement 

bonds. $190,000 00 

Other kinds of indebtedness. 144.680 00 

Interest on last two amounts 173,201 40 

Wiggins loan, princ"! and interest 142,000 00 

Liquidation bonds 150,UOO 00 789,941 40 



$9,346,270 21 
From which deduct interest paid from mill 
and a half tax, bonds surremlered, and sale 
of lands, etc, 561.7S3 73 



$S,7S4,4S1 4S 



CANAL DEBT. 

Principal debt, exclusive of $1,600,000 loan. . $7,079,117 03 
Balance due on canal loan of $1,600,000 1.033.000 00 



$3,112,111 OS 
From which deduct: 
Interest paid from mill and a 

half tax $255,618 51 

Bonds and scrip redeemed and 
interest 13,370 14 269.0SS 05 



Total canal debt $7,S43,02S 43 

AGGBKGATE DEBT. 

State debt proper $S,7S4.4S1 4S 

Canal debt 7,843,028 4-5 



Total debt. $16,627^0i) 91 



Federal RfpresenUition. — Illinois, in accordance with the law regulating the distribution of members to the United 
States House of Keprescntalives, occupies -nine seats in that body. 

Eihu'dtion. — Illinois has large funds devoted to school purposes. On the 29lh December. 1850. the permaneat funds 
applicjible to the support of common schools amounted to $790,120 60 : and the university fund amounted to $90,889 53, and 
the seminary fund to .$58,788 72 — together making a total i>f $939,7l*s 90. The whole of this sum has been borrowed by the 
State, which pays six per cent, interest on the amount. The interest on the common school fund is $47,407 23, which is 
divided among the several counties in proiwrtion to the number of white children under 21 years of age. In 66 counties 
that made returns for the year 1S50, there were 2.611 organized districts and school-houses, of which 1,370 were log- 
bouses, 925 frame, 139 brick, and 37 st*)ne, and of the whole number 106 contained more than one room. There were 
school libraries in 103 districts. The tot;d amount of public moneys paid out for teachers' wages during the year was 
$148,871 09; amou?U. other than public moneys, $81,841 20—101.^11 cost of teaching, exclusive of buildings, repairs, etc., 
$230,712 29. The principal colleges in the Suite are, Illinois College, at Jacksonville, founded in 1829. and in 1850 it 
had 7 professors, 93 alumni. 34 students, and a library of 3.000 volumes; ShurtlefT College, at Upper Alton (Baptist), 
founded in IS35, and in 185'l it had 6 professors, 3 ahunni, an<l 13 students, with a library of 1,600 volumes ; M'Kendree 
College, at Lebanon (Methodist), founded in 1S:J3, and in 1850 it had 4 jtrofessors. 33 alumni, 57 students, and a library of 
1,700 volumes; Knox College, at Galcsburg, fi)unded in ls;J7, and in l'^50 it had 5 professors, 16 alumni, 5S students, and 
a library of 3.iK>u volumes. ShnrtletT College has connected with it a theological seminary ; and at Chicago is located the 
Eush Medical School, founded 1842, and in 1850 it had 6 professors, 70 .'^tudent.s, and 16 graduates. 

Puhlw Lihrarim. — Oni- State Library of 4,OilO volumes, 9 social libraries of 2,821 volumes. 4 college libraries of 8,120 
volumes. 2 student's libraries ()f 62.-» vrdumes, 2 academic libraries of 2,000 volumes, and 16 public school libraries of 2,850 
volutiies~tot"l 27 libraries, and 19.910 volumes. 

PerindUtd Pre^ts, c(c.— The whole number of newspapers and other periodicals published within the State Is 119, of 
which 73 arc pohtical, viz. : 39 whis and 36 democratic, and 43 are devoted to litoralurc. science, religion, etc. ; and 10 
are published daily, 4 tri-weekly, 94 weekly, and 11 at other periods. The daily papers have an aggregate averago 



ILL 



ILL 



circulation of3,5S0 onpios, the tri-weekly of 1,650 copies, the weekly of 69,47"3 copies, and thoee published at other period 
of 14,G25 copies. Of the eleven periodiciils published at other periods, aa above, 3 aro semi-inuiilhlies, 7 mgullilies, ] 
quarterly, and one is issued eight limes a year. 
Iteligioua Demniiination^. — The statistics of the several religious denominations in 1S50 aro exhibited in tho folltjwiug 



table: 












De'nom mn- 


No. nf 


ri,ur.:li 


Val.if of 


DennnnoB No, of 


CtM.nh 


li..i.». C 


hurtliett. 


arxiiti. 


Pro|.«Tt.v. 


lions, rhur. Left. 


B<'<'t,tll. 


Baptist 


.205 .. 


91,620 . 


»2li4,nu5 


Gorman Kef. 2 . . 


ISO 


Chri9ti;in... 


. 67 .. 


8!l.7.'4 . 


. 4-'.960 


Jc'Wisli — , . 


— 


Congrecal'l. 


46 .. 


IS/iTG . 


8'J,2oO 


Lutheran 40 .. 


16.440 


Dutcll lU-f. . 


. 3 .. 


S75 . 


2,700 


Menn,mit^.. . — ,. 


_ 


Episcopal , . 


. 27 . . 


14,01(0 . 


. 7S,,SW 


Metlioclist...8S!) . , 


176,474 


Fri-e 


. 2 .. 


T50 . 


G,400 


Moravian 2 ., 


400 


Friends . . . . 


. 6 .. 


1,5.J0 . 


. 2,S40 


I're8byterian.l9S . . 


SI ,529 



$31i> 
40.1'20 
827,20<) 

SfM) 



D«n< 



Cl.u 



R. Catholic. . 5S . 
Swedenbor'n. 1 , 

Tunker. 4 . 

I'nion 31 . 

I'nilarian ... 6 . 
I'nis-ersalist . 4 . 
Minor Seeta.. 17 . 



Cl.iirrl, 


TBlueot 


Bccom, 


Properry. 


29,000 . 


. $220,400 


140 . 


800 


1,22.5 . 


2,250 


S,S7.'. . 


. 82,060 


l,!ino . 


9.000 


1,300 . 


. 11,500 


6,S90 . 


. 11,050 



Making a total of 1,167 eliurehes, having: aecomniodation for 6:i6,47^ persons, an-l \'ulucd at $1,476,335. The State con- 
stitutes the Trotef-Iant Kpiscopal diocese of Illinois and tho Roman Catholic dine<"*se of Chicago. 

Paiij)erism.—T]u^ whole numlx-r of paupers who received sujiport within the year ending June 1st, 1850, was 797, of 
which number 376 were native bi>rn and 411 foreign ; and at the date specified the number of paupers on the list was 
434. of which 279 were native and 155 foreign born. ■ Tlie cost of supporting those had been during the year $45,213. 

irU'toj'if.'al Sketch. — The name which now pertiiins exclusively to this State was, during a great part of the last century, 
bestowed upon all tliat vast country which lies north-west of the Ohio, and wns derived from the River Illinois, which in 
the indigenous language signifies the J^ir-er c/ Mt^n. The first settlemenl-s were made by the French, and were the con- 
sequence of the enterprise of La Salle in search of the Mississippi. This traveler set out from Canada in 1C70, and passing 
across the lakes to Michigan, descended the Illinois Kiver. Aflor examining the country, with which he was greatly 
pleased, he returned to Canada, leaving Cliev. d^ Tonle in command of a araall fort he had built and named Crfivooteur. 
"While in Canada he procured a number of volunteers Ut unite in the scheme of forming a settlement on tho Mississippi in 
the Illinois country. They reached their destination in 1673, and founded the villages of Kaskaskia, Cahokia, and several 
others of less note ; here La Salle left his colony, while he descended the Mississippi to its mouth. Soon after this settle- 
ment, many enterprising persons explored the country In search of mineral wealth, and after the establishment of a colony 
Bt the mouth of the Mississippi, Iberville, the French governor, in company with others, undert-j-ik a similar expedition. 
At the beginning of the eighteenth century the selllcmeiits in Illinois are represented to have been in a flourishing 
condition. Kaskaskia had become a considerable town before any great progress had been made in the setllemenla on 
the Lower Mississipid ; and one who calculat^-d the future by what the present exhibited wouhl have soon little reason to 
foretell the rapid growth of Louisiana and the decline of Illinois, which afterward occurred. The descriptions givcQ 
of Illinois by French writers were of the most captivating kind — its beaulilul scenery, its fertile prairies, its supposed (now 
realized) mineral wealth, were painted in glowing colors, and a new paradise was opened to Frenchmen on the banks 
of the Illinois; and to add to the attractions of the country, a momistery of Jesuits was estal>lisho<i at Ka.skaskia; lh« 
getllers, however, soon degenerated, and assimilated by degrees their manners to those of the Indiana among whom they 
resided. Of these savages, their number and varieties, at the ep')ch of the first settlement?, and &)il. are not well aseer- 
taiue«I. From, the beginning to the [niddle of the ISth century, we lu-ar little of the settlers; as the colonies of France 
and England extended, disputes arose respecting the boundariee, which had never been sufficiently defined. The French, 
anticipating a struggle for the preservation of their American possessions aa early as 1749, strengthened themselves by 
fortifications on the lakes, on the Ohio, the Wabash, and Illinois, and in other parts of the Valley of the Mississippi, "to 
which they lai'l claim. The British, on the other haml, claimed tiie country on the Ohio and the neighboring streams 
by virtue of the charters they ha<l granted. The Ohio Company, which was formed soon after, produced hostilities 
between the two nations. At the close of the war, which gave to Britain the province of tanada the whole of the French 
claim to the Illinois ciauUrj' was also ceded to Great Britain. During its continuance as a British dependency, nothing 
of importance seems U» have occurred. Few or no aflditions were made to tho settlements at Kaskaskia and the other 
French ports, the inhabitaiiLs of which were but tittle removed in scale of civilization above the Indians. At the peace 
of 17^3, the lUjnois country fell to the fuitod States, and the whole territory, north-west of the Ohio River, was claimed 
by Virginia and other Stales as includdl in their charters. At the instance of Cungr^-ss, a liberal cession of these claims 
was maile to the General Government, and by the ordinance of 17S1 a territorial govenmient was established over Che 
whole rt-gion. Ohio was made a separate l«.Triiory in 1709, and in ls02 was admitted into tho Union as a State, while the 
remaimler of the territory retained its U-rritorial attributes* un«lcr tho name of Indiana. In 1809 this territory was again 
divided, the eastern portion retaining the name of Indiana, and the west«^'rn taking that of Illinois. Indiana was admitted 
08 u suite in ISIG, and Illinois, within its present limits, in ISIS, since wliifh p4.-riod the progress of the country in popu- 
lation, general in<luslry and wealth, has Ix-on still onward, ami at the prc&.'ut day it has gran<ler works of internal 
Improvement than many of the States Uiat at the era of the Ri-volulion were flourishing and populous communities. 

SruiNCFiKi.D is the pohtical capital of the Stale, and has been such since 1S40. KasJiaskia and VandaJia were suo 
c^jssivfly the metropolitan cities. 



Illinois Cin-, p. v.. Rock Island oo.. lU.: 2 m. from tho 
Mississippi r. ; 124 m. N. N. W. Sprinijfield. 

Illinois river, /;W. Ter. : an affluent of the Arkansas. 
It rises in Bt-nt(m and W.oshington counties, -.4r/.-., and after 
receiving several frihulariea in its course, falls into Arkansas 
r.. about 4 m. above the confluence of Canadian r. Along 
Its lower c<)urse there are numerous salt springs. 

Illinois river. ///. .' one of the largest allluents of the 
Mississippi r. It is formed by the union of lies Plainesand 
Kankakee rivers, which come together at Kankakee village. 
The De.>i Phiines rises in "Wisconsin, a few miles above the 
buundary of Illinois, and about 6 m. from Luke Michigan. 



It nins a S. course ovt-r a betl of limestone, and through a 
tertile country. Grfive,-, of timber are fouml on its banks, 
and are intersixr.ied through the vast prairie region. In 
many places along its banks rock is abundant, and in some 
measure compensates the comparative scarcity of timber for 
buildings and fences. This r. is frequently written Aux 
Plaines or OTlane. The Kankakee rises in the N. part of 
Indiana, near the S. bend of St. Joseph's r., and runs a 
westL-rly course \nXfi Illiiiois, where it receives tho Iroquois, 
and forms a Junction with the Des Plaines in section 35, 
Uiwnship 34 N., and range S E. fVom the third principal 
meridian. Here is a large body of fine timber, but along 

809 



ILL 



IND 



the river itself there is Tery little. It U a rapid stream, and 
runs through a limestone bed. (See Kankakek r.) The 
Illinois, formed by these two main constituents, is the Iar£;e?t 
navigable river within the State. From iho junction it 
runs nearly a W. course for part of the dist.'Cuee over the 
Grand Kapids to Ottowa, at the mouth of Fox r., receiving 
Au Sable from the N. and Little cr., or Mazon, from Mie S. 
Along this line, and especially at Marseilles, there is im- 
mense waler-powtr, but no convenient nuvigati<tii. The 
canal runs on the N. side, parallel with its bank. At Ottowa 
the r. is deep, and there re a convenient basin harNjr lor 
large steamboats, which ascend to this point in a high stage 
of the WGters. The Lower Kapida, at a low stage of water, 
however, interrupt navigation between Ottowa and LjiSiille, 
wherg the Illinois and Michigan Canal terminates. The 
junction of the canal with the r., where have been con- 
structed commodious basins for both canal and steamboats, 
and it being the crossing place of the Central E. II., makes 
La Salle a business place of pre-eminent importance Ui the 
Stale, A short distance above, the Illinois receives Vermil- 
lion r. from the S., and Little Vermillion from the N., and 
about 6 m. above Hennepin it cur\'es to the S., and then to 
Ihe S. W., receiving Bureau and several smaller streams, 
and then expands into the beautiful sheet of water known 
as Peoria Lake. Three miles below Peoria the Illinois 
receives the Kickapoo cr. from the N., an<l the same dis^ 
tance below Pekin comes in Mackinaw from the W. Cop- 
peras cr. enters from th>3 E. part of Fultxjn co., where for 
many miles the "W. bank of the r. below the bluffs is a low, 
swampy region, intersixirscd with strips of land elevated 
above high water, the most conspicuous of which is Bailey's 
Island, or Liverpool, handsomely situated above the highest 
flood. Near Ilavanna, on the E. side, is a lagoon or slough, 
■which in former times w:is frequently mistaken fv»r tho main 
stream, and directly opfMjsito that villiLge Spoon r. comes 
in from the N. E. Pursuing the course of the r. downward 
the mouth of Otter cr., from the W., is passed, and oue or 
two other trifling streams, and at the N. W. corner of Cass 
00. the Sangamon r. flows in. Sugar cr. comes in from the 
W., near the bluCTs of which is located Schuyler City. Six 
mfles below Beardstown, Crook cr. enters from the W., and 
a fcw miles farther down, Indian cr., which loses itself in 
the inundated bottoms before its waters enter the Illinois. 
M'Kee's cr., from the W.. enters tho Illiriuis 2 m. below 
Naples, and 2 m. below that, from the E., the.Mauvaise 
Terre. Passing Big and Little Blue rivers, two maguificeut 
Btreams from the W., Ihc Sandy, from the S. \V. part of 
Scott c^>,, enters the r. Macoupin cr., Otti^r, Kacciwu, and 
other creeks, enter the r. farther down. At Naples the 
Illinois turns to a more southerly course, which it pursues 
till within G ra. of the Mississippi, where it ben<ls to the S. E., 
anii finally to an E. course, where its waters unit<! with that 
river behind a cluster of islands. The parting of tlie chan- 
nels of the Mississippi and Illinois rivers for steamboat 
navigation is at Grallon, 2 m. below its mouth. 

Imlaystown, p. v., Monmouth co., N'. Jer. 

IsuEPKTNDENCE county, Ark^ Situate N. E. centrally, and 
contains 1,U07 sq. m. Big Black r. bounds it on the E., and 
"White r. flows through from "W. to E., and their aflluenis 
drain iL Surface mostly rolling, and soil highly productiva 



Cotton and tobacco are grown, but it is best adapted to 
grain and grass, which yield finely, and feed many cattle 
and hogs. On the rivers are tho hest of ash and cypress 
forests. Farms ti9A ; manuf. 10; dwell. 1,159, and pop— 
wh. 6,927, fr. col. 12^ sL 323— total 7,767. CupiUU: Batea- 
ville. 

Inbependesct:. p. v., Warren co., In'I. : on tlio "W. sido 
of Wabash r., G3 m. N. W. Indianapoli.-i. A plank-road 
runs Iience U^ Oxford, Benton co. 

Independence, p. c, Grayson co., Virg. : 217 m. W. S. W 
Kichmond. 

Indepexdence, p. T., and cap. Kenton co., Ay. ; 51 tih 
N. N. E. Frankfort. It contains a court-house, jail, several 
stores, and about 30 dwellings. U is 10 m. from Covingtoa 
Pop. 250. 

Indepenpence, p. T., and cap. Jackson co., 3fo. : aboni 
4 m. S. of Missouri r., and 129 m. W. by N. JefTersoa Cityi 
It has a court-house, jail, etc., several extensive stores, and, 
about SOO inhabitants. There are two newspapers published 
here, the '' Missouri Common weal lb," issued sciui-weeklys 
and " Oceidental Messenger," weekly. This is a great ren* 
dezvous of overland emigration to the Pacific, and a pomi 
through which the Pacific K. K. will be carried. Its busU 
ness, which is immense, is chiefly connected with emigra* 
Lion, and here many of the emigrants obtain the bulk of 
their supplies. It has also some Indian trade. 

Independekce, t an<l p. v., Alleghany co., X. Y. : 203 iru 
W. by S. Albany. Drained by Independence and Crydcr*3 
creeks, heads of Genesee river. Surface elevated and 
rolling; soil clayey loam, and superior for grass-growing. 
A farming t., which makes some woolen g'X)d3. In tlie n 
are several stores an'i mills. Pop. oft. 1,701. 

Indbpendence, t. and p. o., Cuyahoga co., Ohio: 117 ni 
N. E. by N. Columbus. Drained by Llio Cuyahoga and its 
branches. Surface diversified ; soils rich and fertile. Tho 
Ohio Canal passes through tlic v., about 9 m. S. Cleveland 
Pop. l,-iS5. 

Independence, sta., Eichland oo., Ohio: on the San- 
dusky. Mansfield, and Newark R. U., 7Gm. from Sandusfc)^ 
and 41 from Newark. 

Inoependen'ce, p. v., Washington co., P&n,n, : 173 m. Wi 
llarrisburg. 

Indepesdesce, p. o., Autauga county, Ala, : 23 m. N.Wl 
Montgomery. 

Independence, p. v., Washington co., Tex.: about S m*. 
W. of Brazos r., 81 m. E. Austin City. It has a high situa* 
tion in I^ Bahia prairie, 10 m, from Washington, with 
extensive beds of coal in its vicinity. 

Indbpbndbnck, p. o., M'Lean county, III. : 7G m. N. E. 
Springfield. 

Indiii'Ent>ence, p. T., and cap. Buchanan co., la.: on the 
E. side of Wabsipinicon r., 59 m. N. N. E. Iowa City. I* 
has a court-house-, etc., and about SO dwellings. 

Independence Hill, p. o., Prince William co., Vlrg. : &1 
m. N. Kichmond. 

Independence river, N. TI; an affluent of Black r. It 
rises in Hamilton co., and flows W. to its confluence with 
the Black, about 2 m. E. of Martinsburg. 

INDE.s\^LLE, p. v., Sujry CO., A'". Car,: 127 m. W. N. W. 
Raleigh. 



THE STATE OF INDIANA. 

Indiana* lies In tho form of a parallelogram between Ohio and Illinois, and extends from Michigan, on tho north, to 
the Ohio Paver, on the sonth. Geographically, it is situated between the latitudes 37° 51' and 41° 4G' north, and between 
the longitudes S5^ 49' 30" and SS^ 2' 30" west from Greenwich, or '^^ 47' 30" and 11^ 0' 8*)" from Washington. Its ex* 
treme length from north to south is 276 miles, and its greatest width 176 miles ; but its average length is only about 



* Tl.e definite bonn.tariM of tb« Ktnt», according to tl.« orJinain:e c.f Consr©*^, d:\leJ lOth April, laifi, are at followB : " Rf.uoded on tlie ta$t by 
III© muriilifin line wliir-l. fnrma th« western lioiindary r-f tliO Slnto of Ohio, bfJng; a nurUi line from tUe m..iilli nf tbe Miami ; on tbe touth by llie 
river Ohio. Trom tlie moiilli of llie Grent Miami ti> the moulhVf \\\n river Wab.isb ; on the viett by ii line dnivrii alon^ tlie middle of the Wnbasb 
friim it* moulli to a pniht wliere a diio norlli lino, drnwn liom the town of Vincenne,'*, would laal loncb tlio nor lb -western shore o( llie said river, 
and frnm llienre by adiie nortli line milil tli« natne shall interaort an east and west liiia drawn through a point tea CoJea noflli of the soutLerQ 
exUvme of t.ak» Uichigui ; on tba varlh by th« saiil east aoil west lioe," ate,, to baginaiiig. 
810 



INDIANA. 



a42 miles and iU average breadth not more tlian 103 miles; aud within these limits the area of its suiierticies ia 33,309 
square miles. 

The "'eneral features of Indiana are those vhioh pertain to ail countries where mountain, iu the strict sense of the 
word is wanting; for if we except the river-hills and the aecunuUatioiis of sand on the southern sliore nf Lake Mieliigan, 
no portion of Uie countrj- has any continuous or defmile elevation which even a (lorid imagination could dignify by sucU 
a term, and all of mountain that really appears is a few isolated "knobs,'' which serve only to diversify the scenery. 
Nearly' two-thirds of the Stale is level, or at most, undulating, and a most singular featm-c of the country is the absence 
of any waU-rshcd or dividing ridge, such as almost every geographical region presents, from which the waters flow in 
dilTerent directions ; still, however, the country has continuous slopes of great extent, and the differciice in elevation of the 
highest land and the Ohio Itiver at the Falls is nearly COO feet, and a consUerable difference is observed (about 70 feet) 
between the levels on the Ohio, at the Falls, and at the mouth of the Wabash, the latter being the lowest. 

The river-hills, of which previous mention has been made, extend at various distances from, and parallel to, the courses 
of the Ohio and i.ther slre-ims, and inclose what are termed the bottom-lands, which are chiefly covered with a rich 
alluvial soil, and thickly set with forests. These hills, along the Ohio Kiver, are generally as high as the highest levels 
of the Ulterior, often of a riissed and broken aspect, and where torn through by the tributaries of the Ohio, present much 
imposing scenery. Behind "these a table-land spreads out and fornis what with propriety may be termed the interior 
of the (»untry ; and now every thing Is changed. Instead of the bottoms.wilh their mighty forests, the most various 
landscape appears ; here are extensive groves of oak, ash, and other trees— there vast prairies, sea-like in their dimenr 
sions, and with untroubled surface ; here the land undulates or rolls, as if formed into billows, by the dalliance of soft 
winds, and occasionally hills, rising from 100 to Suo feet high, remind us of a tempest-tossed sea, when the waves accu- 
mulate in their mighL There is such a marked diCTcrenee between the several parts of the country, however, that no 
general description could embrace \ks topography, and hence it is necessary to det;iil its princip.al characteristics and its 
divisions as indicated by nature. 1. The Ohio Valley, including that of the White Water, contains some 5,000 square 
miles. This is a limestone region ; it was originally clothed with heavy forests ; and the soil in the bottoms, bill-tops, and 
sides is very rich. The hills are abrupt and broken, and the numerous tributaries of the Ohio Kivcr break through them 
in every direcUon. Many of these streams in dry weather show only the marks where the torrents have disappeared 
aknost as soon as the storms which occasioned them. Of this lilvision of the State, about two-thirds is good larnilug 
land, and the residue either too hilly or the soil too poor for prolilable culture. The poorest part is in the flats at the 
head's of the streams. 2. The White Kiver Valley extends from tho Wabash centrally through the Stale to the Ohio line, 
and covers about 9,000 square miles of surface. It is almost uniformly level and hcarily timbered, except in the western 
parts, where there are some prairies and barrens, and ranges of low nigged hUls. The whole valley is destitute of rock, 
and the soils are of the richest kind, with little that is unprotltable. Most of the streams are clear and never-tailing, aud 
water-power is generally abundant. 8. Tlie Wabash Valley is the largest division, aud embraces an area of upward 
of 12,000 square miles. It interlocks with the valley of the White Uivcr, and the eastern portion resembles it. It is equally 
fertile, but more broken. The middle part of the valley has abundant water-power, but in the upper aud lower parts it is 
less plentiful. From the river-hills, on the Ohio, to the Wabash, the surface is an inclined plane, and it is not a little 
curious to And streams, the head wafers of which are near the borders of the Ohio Valley, traversing toward the Wal.asli, a 
river so much farther distant from their sources. 4. The north part of the State, watered by the St. Joseph's and the 
Kankakee, is much similar in its general character to the Wabash country, but is, perhaps, more swampy, and uear the 
lake tlie country has extensive sand-hUls, which are covered only with stunted and shriveled pines and burr-oaks. 

Indiana has numerous flne rivers, but for navigable purposes few of them except the Ohio, Wabash, While, etc., arc 
at all eligible ; most of them, however, afl-ord valuable water-power. The Ohio, the flnal reservoir of the principal water- 
courses of the State, borders the whole country on the south, from the mouth of the Miami to that of the Wabash, a 
distance, by the river's course, of 8S0 miles. Between these two points few streams of any volume empty into it, and none 
exceed 30 or 40 yards in width at their mouths. Laughery, Indian Kentucky, Silver, Indian, Blue, Anderson, Big I'igeon, 
Little Pigeon, etc., are the principal. The White Water joins the Miami six miles above its entrance into the Ohio. The 
Wabashrwhi'ch rises in Ohio, runs first north, then north-west, then west, then south-west, then south, and again south- 
west, making the whole distance to its junction with the Ohio, upward of 600 miles, of which more than one half is 
navigable. Its principal tributaries are: from the south and east, the Salamonie, Mississincwa, Wild Cat, Sugar or 
Eock, Eaecoon, White, and Paloka rivers; and from the west and north. Little Wabash an.i Embarras rivers in Illinois, 
Termilllon in both Stales, and in In.liana altogether, Tippecanoe, Eel, and Little rivers. White Uivcr, the most imperlaat 
of these, empties into the Wab.aah, 100 miles above its mouth ; the West Fork, iU longest branch, rises in Ilandolph 
Couiitv, near the Ohio line, and runs in a south-west direction, receiving in its course Eel Elver, Fall Creek, etc. ; and the 
East Fork, the principal tributaries of which are Salt Creek, the Muscatatuck, Sand Creek, Clifly, Flat Eock, and 
Sufar creeks, rises in Eiplcv County, and has a western course to its junction with the West 1-ork— the two form- 
in' White Itiver propcr-about tftly miles from its entrance into tho Wabash. The St. .Joseph's and St. Mary's form 
the Manmee, which passes to Ohio and Lake Erie. Another St. Joseph's and its tributaries, the Elkhart, etc., pass 
thron-h the northern tier of counties, and ultimately fall into Lake Michigan. The Kankakee, tho principal Ijrancli of the 
Illinois Kiver, rises ne.ar South Bend, and runs sluggishly through the north-western counties for 100 miles, and m its 
course receives Y.llow Kiver, a stream about 50 miles long ; extensive marshes everywhere bound its course. Deep and 
Calumic rivers lie near and south of Lake Michigan, and in some places are only separated from it by banks of sand. 
The Iroquois or IMckamink rises south of the Kankakee, and runs neariy parallel to it for 50 miles, and .loins It in Illinois. 
Besides Lake Michigan, on the northern border, there are numerous other but small lakes in dilferent parts of the 
State principally to the north of the Wabash Elver. Several of them have no outlets; they are generally clear, however, 
and have sandv shores and botloms. Ttiey seldom exceed a few acres in extent, though some at the head of Tippecanoe 
Eiver and Turkev Creek, and near La Porte, cover several hundred acres. Mexaneukkee Lake, a beautiful sheet of 
water in Marshall County, is throe mUes long and half as broad; and Beaver Lake, six miles long and three miles wide, 
covers 10,000 acres. AU ■these lakes abound in fish, and form in the surrounding scene objects which attract tho gaze 

of the traveler. , ., „ ,^ - , . 

Tho concluding chapter of the Eeport of D. D. Owen on the Geology of Indiana, thus suins up the results of Ins rccon- 
noissance on that topic : ■• Three geological formations exist in Indiana. 1st, a bituminous coal f.)rm,ation, oeeupymg that 
DOrtinn of the Sfil.. w,st of Ilie second principal meridian : 2d, a limestone f,.rniation (similar to tho mountain limestone 
of Furopean ^eolo<.isL«1. prevailing in the counties east of that meridian ; 3d, a dUuvium, consisting of deposits of clay, 



INDIANA. 



Band, gravel, and boulders, overlying;, and in many pUices covtTing: up, the two other furmatinns to a prcater or less depth, 
parlioularly in Ihe northern part of llif Stale. Nnw, as in this country no perfect seams of biLuminous cual are faiind 
aasociatt^d witli calearoous doposila, similar to those of Middle and Eastt-ra Indiana, the g:eolog;ist can confldenily predict 
thai it is a waste of time and labor to search for coal in any part of the State cast of this eecond meridian — fur instance, aa 
has been dune in Iho neighborhood of the black biluminoua aluminous slate, stretching north in a narrow band, com- 
mencing at Now Albany, in j''li>yd Oiunty, and extondini; through part of Clarke, Scott, Jennings, Bartholomew, 
Decatur, and probably beneath tho diluvium in a northerly direction toward ElkharU If we were to speculate?, from 
geoiogical observation?, on the l\iture condition of Indiana, we should say thai the western counties are destined to 
become one day the chief manufacturing counties; since, with a few exceptions, all large manufacturing towns and 
dislriots are situated on the coal formation. The freestones of this formation being soft and flasUe, owing to the existenca 
of mica disseminated in layers thmugh their substance, anil to the ferruginous cement 'A'hich unites their particles, being 
liable to undergo alterations by tho action of the atniospiiero up'^n it, a careful selection by tho builder is always iieces- 
*ary. In several plaoes, particularly toward the base of the Ibniuition, or ne;u- its eastern lioundary, as at Attica, "WUliams- 
porl, on Pine Creek, and near tlic French Lick, with a littlo care, freestone, white and flue grained, and excellently suited 
fbr architectural purposes, ifiay be readily obtaineil. In cliaracler and geographical position it resembles tlie celebrated 
Scotch freestone, of which the new town of Edinburgh, and a portion of the town of Glasgow are built. At New Ilanuony 
there is a quarry <if freestone, yielding rock that h-.is stood the test of twenty years, yet it is by no means equal to the strata 
above alluded to In oureasU^rn counties. A freestone of a very fine grain and while color is quarried at the French Lick, 
weet of PaoU ; it is manufactured into whetstones, that answer admirably for putiiug a fine edge on tools, and for polish- 
ing; they are exported to all parts of the United Stales. Gotjd grindstones are also manufactured from a similar stratum 
Of these freestones, of a coarser grain. The eastern bomiilary or base of the coal formation is the most likely place to 
afford saH water; for we find the most productive salt wells thnnighout the Western country occupying in the inferior 
tnombers irf the coal formation. Thus, should symptoms of salt water make their appearance in the counties of Perry, 
Bpenc^T, Dubois, Martin, Daviess, Greene, Owen, Clay, Putnam, Montgomery, or Tippecanoe, the encouragement to 
make a search would be greater than if found elsewhere in tlie State. Salt, however, is not, strictly speaking, 
ftonstjint in its geological i)Osition. In Eyropc it usually i>ccurs in tho new rod sandstone, a formation higher and of more 
recent origin liian the bituminous coal formation ; w hile on the Holston, a tributary of the Tennessee Kiver, there Is a fino 
Bait deposit, surrounded by gypsum or plaster of Paris, lying on the grauwacke formation. Two or three salt wells have 
been sunk in the knobs e^ist of IJIoomington, through the stlieious beds belonging to the sub-carboniferous group. The 
talt is of excellent quality ; but tlie water has hitherto proved too wcJik to afford a fair profit, The boring after <*alt is, in 
tnUi. at all times attended witli considerable uncertainty. Quantities of argillaceous iron ore — fro'm which i. Great 
^tain 6110,000 t<*ns of iron are annually obtained — occur in some of the clay slates of the bituminous coal formation 
•f Indiana. Some oflhe clay slales answer well for fire-brick ; that now excavated near Troy is to be manufactured into 
flrc-brick for sale — an important article of commerce in a country where steam-engines are so extensively used, and 
Indispensable where furnace operations are carried on to any extent. Some of our clays in the coal formation answer 
%ell for the manufacturing of stone-ware and gray pollery-ware: such wares are now mannfactured from them at Troy. 
Since I tirst called the attention of iho proprietors to the <leposil of the hydrated brown oxide of imn, near the Falls 
of Eel HiTcr. examinations have been made by digging in four or five different places; ore has been struck in all of them; 
many Ions have been thrown up, and the prospects arc so encouraging that the proprietors of the Falls are now 
tndtnTOfing to form a company, to erect a furnace, and commence, on an extensive scale, smelting the ore. Sandstone 
being Uie liredoniinating rock in the coal formation, and the greatest part of the soil of those western counties being 
fornu-1 from its disintegration, we find it generally of a sandy character. The dip and position of tho various beds 
belocging to coal measures aro generally constant, unless where, from the protrusions of basalt or greenstone, thoso 
Tolcanic disturbances, called by tho miners '■fiiiUts^^ ' troabl&s,'' or * dyhe-%'' have disturbed the regularity of position. If, 
Gion, the general dip and onler of succession of tho strata can be ascertained, and these should appear to be frtie from 
fcults or material undulation, a pretty correct estimate might be formed of tho depth of the various seams of coal and 
Other strata in different parts of the coal-fields of Indiana. Mosl of the limestones in the oolitic series — that is, thoso 
Occurriug in the counties of Crawford, Orange, Lawrence, Monrt>e, Owen, and Putnam — make good building materials. 
The encrinital limestones in Harrison. Wjishiugton, Jackson, Bartholomew, and Morgan counties, are alsi) very suitable 
for that purpose; but the silicious strata, or sand rocks, in these counties, are generally soft and crumbling, and by no 
means durable. The only use thiit the black bituminous aluminous slate, <x*cnrriug in the sub-carboniferous group, can 
1>e put to, is for the manufacture of alum. The sub-carboniferous group affords a water-lime, which appears to be a 
OomjKiund chiefly of liniesUine and clay, with some bituminous matter. It is associated with the black bitximinoua 
aluminous slate above mentioned. Some of the limestone in '\\s neighborhOiid — for instance, those rocks which are 
eiciivat^Hl at the top of Ihe hill Ivchind Mmlison — contain green earth, and some are impregnated with bitumen and 
^Iphurel of iron. In malclng a s/'lection of building materials In such strata, care should be taken not to use any such 
unless Uieir durability has been well tested, fur they are geneiTilly liable to decay. The fossiliferous limestones of East 
Indiana, namely, those found in Jefferson, Switzerland, Dearborn, Itipley, Franklin, Fayette, and Union counties, aro 
durable rocks, and Bome of them make beautiful marbles. The sub-carboniferous formation of Indiana is identical 
*Tith the formatiun occurring in Middle Tennessee, In which the ennrmous deposits of Ihc hydrated brown oxide of iron, 
OonslHuling so much of the mineral wealth of that State, are found. The deposits of this kind of ore in Indiana, how- 
Over, allhough fiiund in the same formation, are not ass(x-IaLed with exactly the same strata. In Tennessee Ihey are in 
the silicious strata, just above the encrlnital limestone : thoso at present discovered in Indiana are either resting on tho 
twlitic series of limestone, or near the bituminous aluminous slate. The soil in' Crawford, Lawrence, Orange, Monroe, 
Owen, and Putnam c*:)unties, being formed chiefly from the oolitic limestones, has a calcareous character, and is admira- 
bly adapted ft)r the growth of grasses. Clay will be foun<i to predominate in the soil of the counties of Floyd, Clark, 
Scott, Jennings, and parts of Bartholomew, Decatur, Shelby, Johnston, Marion, and Hancock, because the sf»il of these 
counties is underlayed by clay slates. Hence we find the beech-tree, which delights in a clayey soil, there growing 
luxuriantly. The soil of Jefferson, Switzerland, Dearborn, liipley, Frankhn, Fayette, Union, and parts of Decatur and 
Eush. being formed upon altornating strata of clay and limestone, must parUike chiefly of these two earths. Tliia soil is 
filso well adapted to the growth of grasses. The soil of the north-western counlioa api>ear3 to be a siliceo-calcareous 
fcand, resting uixin a clay bottom; this I oi.mceiTe to be the reason why it is so much more productive than its external 
appearance promiac-e. These points, however, I intend moro fully U) verify by analysis so soon aa I can get samples 
312 



INDIANA. 



. ^ — - ~ ; ,,„,„ fnrme.i chicllv from ocular observation, and reasoning from gen- 

of all the rarioUB soUs. As yet, my op.mon '="''^_^J^™f, .;'„,, i„,p,,^„.tod w„h carbonie acid ; tb., ac.in, as . 
eral i.rib.iples. The «-aU,-r in tl.e nortb-wes tern =<>" '^» ^ uo^ ^he""''-^ " »'=^^'^ *™' '" "" '^•■^''^° '" "" ^ 
olv'ntupon limesu.ne and ^^'' f'":°-'f^ ""Z'T^-^ he" wo ingredient., forn.ing calcar^ns and ebalybeat« 
And thus we find these waters, ollen h.ghly f '^^^ "'^f/^^j, „f earbonic aeid, which ao.3 as a solvent of .hc.9 
rrinES. As they l.«e very s.«n, by exposur_e to the air, "^^/"^^ °' ,,^., ^ of oxidation, and tberrfore to > 

o'g;Si;n,^and as iron is bronght also by the -^ «»--- ^J* .''p'-.t of Calcareous tufas and bog-iron ore, ^ 

more insoluble form-these two e^use^ ael.ng '7'*; ' ""-^^^^^^ the increase. The greater pttrt 

fr..,uen.ly found in that country. The "l^-'^'^/^V;;; j^ 'fe „ red by an ocean, for most of the fossils in th« 
of Indiana must have been, at son^ i"'""f°' ^^^Z^^JZ^^ ever be found in Indiana, unless in mn.nle porfons 
llimctones are of a marine orign,. None o. "^^ P ;™" , ';«';^^,^y ,,^„,e „e pr.mit.ve and grauwae^e formations, in 
in honlders, or in small qua.itilies m eonibuKition w "^ ° ''" "^ "^^ ,^ji„„^.'^ U ;, true that, in some rare instanees, 

Uich alon; pro.lnctivc mine^of gold -J^f '" "-,°;™ ^trta -"n '^'«ist in the Western country, but I have sceu 
silver is found as a snlphnret and as red silver o e ^J^^^^^ ,^_ ,„ ,„,, ,„a „„ive arsenic. The only metal* 

no symptoms of any such in our State. T ^^^'^l^^n'^^t inc, cobalt, and possibly some varieties of copper and 
which we need look for are iron, lead, "° ''""" ' "'^°;f;;;°: Jl'j m Indiana because that mineral is usually fou.id 
arsenic ores. It is not bUely that ->' '-'^''^- ''"t! 'i,^ ,,!i ,' ces of native copper have been found in the StaU,, ona 
in the primitive and grauwacke formations, f e^^' d''^^^-' _^ ^,^__,,,^j ,,^ „„,i „„,y m isolaU-d pieces, 1 hav« 

weighing Ave pounds; 1-"'. f''™ '>•'■ "^'"\°ff°X^tri may add. that the Kupfe«chiefer of the Gorman miners 
reason to believe that tluy do not originate ,n 'h- S^'- ™'^i ' „„. Th'is copper slate, as found at the 

yields, at the mines of Mansfleld, in Tbunngia an "'^J^^^^f ,, ^"',P, „„i„,,J,V, formation, and «,pper ore., have beeu 
bottom of the new red sandstone lormation, "' "^.'' .^J '•^'j," '.^.r,,,., a possibility of discovering workable «.pper ortj 
found in the e^rl»™iferous and ^^"'-^''"'^'TlVil o Im^^na s uni -er^^lly admitted, yet few are aware that it arise, 
in the fonmdions of Indiana. The '^'f'^^l^^^l^"^:^ that that soil is the most productive whielt has eea 
mainly from its geologic^ position. It '^""^'l'^"" "'j.' ^^t .^^.^^ • for thus only is produced the due mixture of grave^ 
derived from the destruction of tl,e grcaU^st variety f '^' J^^J^\.^, ^ V,.,,,,t,-,„ „nd transmission of nutritive fluids, be they 
sand, clay, and lm,«.one, necessary '"/-" ^.^ °' .If^^ iHi t^ ne r the middle of the Great Valley of "-.h-wesU« 
liquid or a-riform, to the rooLs of plants No«, Indiana ,s^ .^ accordingly formed from tlie de.^uct ou 

America, and far distant from the prm.itive ^»"S^ ""^'^^ ,^ ,„,e been minuU_.ly divided and iutimatcl, blendeit 
of a vast variety of rocks, both crystalline and ^^^^;^^„,,,,,, of extraordinary fertility." 
^ together bv the action of air and water. It han all " "• ';^'^™^° o, the whole central region of the I mted 

¥he forJsts of Indiana contain all the trees natur _'°^; »■'=■-' ^' ^,^„,, ,.,„j, ^^^100 of the States and probably 
States; oaks and bec.h-trees, however, ^^^^'^^^^'l^ in order are the sugar-tree, hickory, ash, walnut, pop^, 
count two-thirds of the whole number of ■^?^^»;^^^™;„j^.'',oenst, and white maple, which are as wide^v diffused as h. 
elm, sycamore, cherry, hackberry linden «flee4ree.h^^^^^ ^ _^ .^ _^^,^ ^^^^^ .^ ,,„ i„,,.rior; the chestnu ,, 

oak and beech. The black locust is abnnd.mt near h- >^"' ' j,.„ „„, i,,,, i, only found on Iha 

only found in the neighborhood of the »PP" --^ LakeM^hiian^ hde the tamarack is found only in the sw-amps 
•Unobs," near the' Ohio, and on the ^^'"'^-'^''^"^"^J'rthiefly found in the countie. on both side, of the ^V bile River, 
of the Kankakc*. The cypress, cahilpa, and pecan »- -^'°J /^^ ^,^^ ,^„„,„3 of the southern streams. Of the smaller 

below Uie junction of the forks; --^'^''^'Ir^'^'^fXTv^^P^V^-'- P'""' -"^ '"""'' ™'^ '"^ ■""""""^ T ,'"^ 
Uees and undergrowlhs, the pnncipal are "^^ ' f ^ '^; J^ /;„, ,1 „„„r,rous insUinees the oak, syci^nore, -•ahml.^"d 
apple. Many of the forest trees attain »»«" "'™ ' .^^J^ '' ;' ji,„,.t„, „nd more than 120 and 130 feet in L-ght Th9 
poplar have bee^n found, measnnng Irom flie 'l^^.fiZm hawth.-rn, persimmon, pawpaw, wild cherry, nmlberry. 
indigetious fruit trees found in Indiana eom,^.,e t e wild plum 1 . P ^^^ ^^^^ ^^^^^^^ Cranberries aro 

erah apple, etc. These are found """"-"? "S^'^^f ^^^^,;.,e^ and strawberries of excellent flavor grow sponta. 
abundant in the north, and wild grapee, *<'';^'^"^'^^J^™^^\7„i^ ,„„ he cultivated with success. Wabiuts, hickory 

r r tfSe ™: ".=: - -^^-^ »- -^ -- -^ '^ '-' - '-' ""^""^ ^ ^ ''"^ 



Counties. Dwell. Pop- 

Adams 1,002.. 5.797. 

Allen 3,097.. 16,919. 

Bartiiolomew .2,149.. 13,426. 

Benton IW.- 1.1*^- 

lilacktord 514.. 2.860. 

Boone 1,914.. 11,631. 

Urown 790.. 4,846 



Farina 
iucult. 



Carroll . 

Cass 

Claik 

Clay 

Clinton .. 
Crawford 
Daviess . . 
Dem"born 
Decatur.. 
De Knlb 



.1.909 

...i.sra. 

...2,757. 
...l..'!26 
. . .2,001 
....1.027 



.11,013 



S74.. 11 
1,300.. 127, 
1,219.. 49 
149.. 
. 306.. e 
.1.393.. 28 
. 535.. 

1,129 



Decatur 
Fort VVayno 
.Columbus 
.Oxford 
.Hartford 
. Lebanon 
5.. Nashville . 
79.. Del phi 



Dwell. Pop. 



F»rm I^anf. 
inculL Est-il). 

Fountain 2,051. .13,253. .1.357. .103. .Covington 

Franklin 3,286..17.968..1,739..121..Brookvill9 



11,021..! 134.. 108.. Logansport 



.15,828.. 1,048. 
. 7.944.. 829. 



11,809.. 1,411. 
. 6,524.. 540. 
.1,803.. 10,352.. 1221. 
.l.MO.. 20,166.. 1,520. 
.2,062.. 15 107.. 1,377. 
1.421.. 8,251.. 831. 
Delaware 1,874 . .10,843. .1,084. . 34 . . MuncietowB 

Dubois 1.146.. 6,321.. 794.. 9. .Jasper 

Klkhart 2,254.. 12.690.. 1.926.. 70. .Goshen 

Fayette 1,818.. 10,217.. 956..110..Comjer6Vllle 

Floyd ..2,443. .14,875.. 428..106..Ncw Albanj 



88 . . Charlestown 
10.. Bowling Gre«n 
21.. Frankfort 
33t.Levenworth 
11.. Washington 
72..Lawrenceburg 
. 39..Grfien8burg 
16.. Auburn 



.1,085.. 5,982.. 777 

.1,833. .10,771. .1,220. 

.1.884. .11,092.. 900. 

.2,089. .12,313. .1,227. 

,2,1.59. .12.084. .1.261. 

.1,683.. 9,698.. 1,176 

„„,,..„ 2,645.. 15,286.. 1,630, 

Hemlncks 2,390.. 14.083.. 1,444 

Henry 3,064.. 17,605. .1. 606 

Howard MW- 6.657.. m 

Huntington. ..1.336.. 7,850. 



Fulton 

Gibson 

(_;iant 

Greene . .. 
Hamilton . 
liHUcock . . 
Harrison 



Jackson 1,9-56 

... 592 
...1.179 
...4,0(^3 

.2,064 
...2,0(r7 

.1,969 




11,04 

3,540, 

7,047. 

2:1,916 

12,090 

12,101 

,11,081 

1,7,83. .10,243.. 1,127 

.^1,479.. 8.387.. 1.062 



1.173 

343 

676 
.1,396 
.1,208 
.1,153.. 25 
. 961.. 37 



13.. Rochester 
23.. Princeton 
52.. Marion 
39..Eloointield 
16..Nob!e8vill8 
36.. Greenfield 
19..Corydon 
,110. .Danville 
.Newcastle 
.Kokoir.o . 
.Huntington 
.Brownstown 
.Rensselaer 
.Portland 
Madison 
.Venion 
.Franklin 
.vinceunea 
21.. Warsaw 
64.. La Grange 
81-3 



124. 
. 26. 
. 32. 
. 18 
. 4 



.138. 
. 73. 



Lake. 715 

La Porte 9,124. 

Lawr»;nce 2,012. 

Modiaon .■ 2,159. 

Mali on 3,984. 

Marsllnll 928. 

Martin 1,025. 

Miami 1,941. 

Monruc 1,892. 

Montgomery. .2,971 . 

Morgan 2,401. 

Noble 1,395. 

Ohio 94G. 

Orange 1,841. 

Owen 2,000. 

Parks 2.4C8.- 

Perry 1,231. 

Pilie 1,261., 

Port<;r 885.. 

Posey 2,200., 

Pulaski 454. 

Putnam 3,088.. 

Eanilolph 2,513. 

Ripley 2,667. 



Pop. 

. 3,991. 
.12,145. 
.ia097. 
.12,375. 
.24,013. 
. 5,3-lS. 
. 5,941. 
.11,304. 
.11,286. 
.18,084. 
.14,576. 
. 7,946. 
. 5,31)8. 
.10,809. 
.K.IOO. 
.14,90-8. 
. 7,2(». 
. 7,720., 
, 5,234. 
,12,549., 
. 2,395. 
,18.615., 
.14,725. 
.14,820. 















Farms 
in cult. 


Ejti.b 


QapitsU. 


Counties* 


Dwell. 


Pop. 


4-23. 


. 5, 


, Crown Point 


Rush 


.2.824. 


.16,443. 


.1,116. 


.IS. 


.La Porte 


Scott 


.1,040. 


. 5,885. 


.1,031. 


. 19. 


.Bedford 


Shelby 


.2,721. 


.15,502. 


.1,494. 


, 67, 


.Anderson 


Spencer ,... 


.1,485. 


. 8,616. 


.1,561. 


.179. 


.l.N'DIAKAPOLIS 


Stark 


. 100. 


. 557. 


.. 570. 


. 10. 


.Plymouth 


Steuben 


.1,100. 


. 6,104. 


. 633. 


. 18. 


.Dover Hill 


St. Joseph . . 


.1,885. 


.10,954. 


.1,184. 


. 48. 


.Peru 


Sullivan 


.1.673. 


.10,141. 


1,230. 


. 46. 


.Blooraington 


Switzerland 


.2,254. 


.12,932. 


1,880. 


. 87. 


.Crawfordsville 


Tippecanoe .. 


.3,227. 


. 19,377. 


.1,392. 


. 14. 


.Martinsville 


Tipton 


. 627. 


. 3,5:i2. 


. 772. 


. 16. 


.Albion 


Union 


.1,2-20. 


. 6,944. 


. 386. 


. 34. 


.Jvising Sun 


Vanderburgh 


.2,059. 


,11,414, 


.1.118. 


. 8, 


.Paoli 


Vermillion,.. 


.1,509. 


. 8,661, 


1,142. 


26. 


.Spencer 


Vigo 


.2,645. 


.15,389. 


1,390. 


63. 


.RockviUe- 


Wabash 


.2,079. 


.12,138. 


540. 


14. 


.Rome 


Warren 


.1,273. 


. 7,387. 


909. 


2. 


.Petersburg 


Warrick .... 


.1,313 


. 8,811, 


467. 


13. 


.Valparaiso 


Washington . 


.2,897. 


.17,040. 


1,270. 


26. 


.Mount Vernon 


Wayne 


.4,515. 


.25,320. 


286. 


. 0. 


.Winni'.mae 


Wells 


.1,021. 


. 6,153. 


1,696, 


42. 


.Green Castle 


White 


. 821. 


. 4,761. 


1,477, 


12. 


.Winchester 


Whitley 


. 913. 


5,190.. 


1,495. 


49, 


, Versailles 









Faults 
incult- 


Man 
£»tab 


■ Capital*. 


1,809. 


. 59. 


.Rushville 


719. 


. 14. 


.Lexington 


1,630. 


. 59. 


.ShelbyviUe 


988. 


. 28. 


.Rockport 


53. 


. 0. 


.Knox 


586. 


. 28. 


. Ansola 


847. 


. 45. 


.South Bend 


1,215. 


. 31. 


.Sullivau 


1,270. 


. 70. 


. Vevay 


1,377. 


.204. 


. Lalayette 


339. 


. -1. 


.Tipton 


606. 


. 35. 


.Liberty 


743. 


76. 


. EvausviH& 


733. 


46. 


.Newport 


1,113. 


.130. 


.Terre Hauta 


1,068. 


. 57. 


.Wabash 


782. 


18. 


. Williamsport 


994. 


o.-) 


.Booneville 


1,718. 


. 83. 


.Salem 


1,934. 


.213. 


.CentreviUe 


640. 


14. 


Bluflton 


438. 


10. 


Monticello 


522, 


8. 


Columbia 



Tlie wliole number of dwellings in the State was, at the above date, 170,179 ; of families 171,.'5fi4, and of inhabitants 
9S3,416, viz. : whiles 977,62s— males 506,408, and females 471,220 ; free col. 10,739— males 5,472, and females 5,816. Oftho 
whole population, there were deaf and fhitnb — wh. 514, fr. col. 4 — total 51S ; bluid — wh. 340, fr. eol. 9 — total iHD ; insnrie-^ 
wh. :>&i, fr, col, 10 — total 579 ; and idiotic — wh. 900, fr. col. 1:3 — tot:il 919. The number of free persons born in the United 
States wju^ 931.392, the number of foreign birtli 54,42ti, and of birth uuknol^^l 2.593: the tuttiee population originated as 
follows t .Maine 976. N. Ilamp. 886, Term. 3,183, Mass. 2,0T?, R. I. 433, Conn. 2,4S5, N. York 24,310, N. .Jer. 7,337, Penn. 
*4,24.'), Del. 2,787, Md. 10,177, DisL of Col. 227, Virg. 41,819, N, Car, a3,175, S. Car. 4.0C9, Ga. 761, Flor. 21, Ala. 893, Miss. 
2S7, La. .821, Tex. 44, Ark. 151, Tenn. 12,734, Ky. 68,651, Ohio 120,193, Jlieh. 1,317, Imliuna 541,079, III. 4,173, Mo. 1,000, 
la. 407, Wise. 99, Calif 0, Territories 11 ; and {\x(i foreign population was composed of persons from — England 5.5.'i0, Ire- 
land 12.TS7, Scotland 1,341, Wales 169. Germany 28,534. t'rance 2,279, Spain 3, Portugal 0, Belgium 36, Holland 4:!, Italy 
0. Austria 17, Switzerland 724, Russia G, Denmark 10, Norway IS, Sweden 16, Prussia 740, Asia 4, Africa 4, Brit. America 
1,873, Mexico 31, Cent. America 0, S. America 4, West Inilies 12, and other countries 103, 

The following table will show thu deoemiial progress of the population smce the first census of the Slate taken by the 
United States authorities: 





Vhito 
I'ersona. 




Col 


rej Persona. 






Years. 


Free. 




Slave. 


Total. 


Population. 


1800 ... 


.. 4.5T7... 


.. 16.3 




. 185 


298 .. 


.,. 4,375. 


1310 ... 


.. 23,390 ,,. 


.. S93 




. 237 


080 .. 


... 24.620 . 


1S20 ... 


.. 145.753 ... 


.. 1,230 




190 


1,420 .. 


... 147,173 . 



1830 . 
I'^IO . . 
1350 .. 



.839,399 8,029 3 8,0:32 843,031 



, 673,693 7,165 , 

. 977,628 10,783 . 



. 7,163 GS5,S6>; 

, 10,738 933,416 



Decenni.it I 


ncrea=e. 


Numerical. 


f er cenL 


... 19,045 ... 


. . 402,9 


... 122,658 ... 


. . 600,2 


... 195,353 ,,. 


., 133.1 


. . . S42,>33 . . . 


, 99.9 


... 302,650 ... 


. 44.1 



The statistical returns of the industry and wealth of Imlliina, as famished by the census of 1350, and other offloial 
documents referring to that period, are .as follows : ^ 

O^vnjiial Lands, rfe,— Improved lands 5,046,543 acres, and unimproved lands 7,746,379 acres— valued in cash al 
$486,335,178. Number of farms under cultivation 93,396. Value of 'fanning implements and machinery $6,7i>4,444. 

Lice-Stoch—'B.or&ei., 814,299 ; assee and mules, 6Ji99 ; milch cows, 2'i4,554 ; working oxen, 40,221 ; other cattle 839,391 ; 
Bheep, 1,122.493; swine, 2,20:3,776— lotid value of livc-.slock, $22,4T>,5.'J3, In 1340 there were in the Slate 241,030 horses, 
mules, etc., 619,930 neat cattle of all ilcscriptioiis, 075,932 sheep, 1,62:3,606 swine, etc, 

frriiin ( Vops.— Whe.al, 6,214,453 bushels : r.»e, 73,792 bushels : Inrlian corn, 52,9i>4,3G3 bushels : oats, 5,055,014 bushels ; 
barley, 4.1,433 bushels ; buckwheat, 149,740 bu.shels. The crops of 13.39-40 were— wheat, 4,049,375 bushels : barley, 23,015 
bushels; oats, 5,931,605 bushels; rye. 129,621 bushels; buckwheat, 49,{V19 bushels, and Indian corn, 23,155,337 bushels. 

OUn^f Oi-trps. — Tobacco, 1,044,620 pounds; ginned cotton, 14 bales of 4'K) pounds each : peas and beans, 35,778 bushels; 
potatoes-^Irisli, 2,033,837, and sweet, 201,711 bushels; hay, 403,2.80 teas; clover-seed, 18,:329 bushels; other grass-seed, 
11.951 bushels: hops, 92,790 pounds; hemji — dew-rotted, 811. and water-rotted, 1,071 tons: flax, 534,469 pounds ; flax- 
eeed, 86,333 bushels ; nuiple sugar. 2.921,642 pounds; niohLsses, I30,:325 gallons:, wine, 14,055 gallons, etc. The value of 
orchard jiroducts w,as :f824,940, and of market-garden products $72,364. In comparing the principal crops of 1S40 and 
1350, the following results are shown : 



Staplea 1810. IS.^n 

Tobacco 1,320,306 pounds 1,044.623 pounds . 

Hemp — dew-rotted j (,... 341 tons \ 

" — wjiter-roltcd \ 8,605 J tons \ 1,071 tons V. 

Flax I I .... 634.409 pocnds 1 

'V^'lnc 10,205 gallons.... 14,035 gaUoiis 

814 



. d^r. 



Movement. 

775,630 pounds, or 42.61 per cenL 



deer. 15,1523,971 pounds, or 80.58 
. iim: 3,790 gallons, or 86.92 



INDIANA. 



Prodiicts of Anlmah.~\\<^o\. i.GKV^sT (in 1S4(). 1,237,910) pounJs; butter. H.S'^l.SSS poun-ls, an.I clieose, 624,564 
pounds; an-i the value of animals slaiigliUTi'il in the year had been $6,567, 9:}.'^. Silk ctHjoons were proJuct-J U) the 
amount nf 8S7 (in 1S4(>. 079) pounds; and beeswax and honey to that of 935,329 pounds. 

Home-made Mo nufactwffi for llie year ending 3l>lh June, ISo'i, were prcKluwd to the value of $1,631,039. 

Jfanvfiictiiren — A£:grc^ate capital inveslx?d, $7.'235,2'20; value of raw material, fuel, eie., eonsumed. ^6.'J'_>9.n.3; averag© 
iTuini>er of hamls employed, '27,812 — males, 24.137, and females, 3.205; avera£;e monthly cost of labor. SCLin.liOii — male, 
$520,0(10, and female, $^0.000— l<ilal value of products for the year, $19,199,6sl. The whole number of nianufaeluring 
eslablishineiiU in the Slate in 1S50, prcfMucins: to the value of $oiKf and upward, w:is 4.326, and of these 2 %Yi're cotton 
faetoriea, S-J woolen factories, 35S tanneries, and 19 iron manufactories, viz. : 14 for castings, 2 fur pig iron, and 3 for 
wrought iron. 

The cottiyi) manuiacturee employ a capital of $43.000 ; the cotton coni^uraed durincr the year ending 1st June, 1^50, was 
675 bales; and Iho vaUie of all raw material, fuel, etc., was $2S.220; average hands— males. 3S, and females. 57 ; monthly 
cost of labor — male. ?495, and female. $8S6; entire value of products, among which were 300.0iiO pounds yarn, .$44,200. 

The ifoolen manufactures had a capital of $171,545, wool eonsumoil. 413,;J50 pounds, and value of :dl raw material, 
(Uel, etc., $120,486 ; hands— males, 1S9, and females, 57; monthly cost of labor— male, $4,122, and female, $630; products 
of the year, 235.500 yards of clolli and 104,0(t0 pounds of yarn— valued at $205,'^02. 

In tniv^Nes Ihe capilal employed, $nI4.'^y7; value of raw material. $405,?38; hands — male, S56, and female, 2 
monthly cost of labor— male, $15,199, and female, $14; products— skins, 57,070, and sides of leather, 2S3,093— valued at 
$714,813. 

Tho condition of the iron manufactures is exhibited in the annexed tabukir form : 

Pig Iron. Cagtingi. Wroogljt IroD. Total. 

(Capital invested ...« dollars 72,000 82,900 17,000 171.900 

Iron ore tons 5,200 — 3,150 S,.350 

Pig iron " — 1,90^ 50 2,01S 

Old metal .^ " — 5 — £ 

Coal, mineral '* — 1:12 — 1.* 

Coke and charcoal bushels... 310,000 29,6no S.5.nO0 4'24.C0O 

Value of raw material, etc dollars 24,4i>0 GG,91S ...-• 4,425 U5,743 

Ilands— male number... 83 143 22 233 

" ^female '■ ... — , — , 2 2 

Monthly cost of labor— male dollars 2,290 " S.CSl 604 6,575 

'* " —female " — — S S 

Iron made tons l.SSO 1.757 175 3,7^2 

•Value of entire products dollars 53,000 149,4;J0 11,760 219,li)0 

Indiana has also a largo number of flour, grist, oil, saw, and other mills, asheries, etc., and the numerous trades 
and handtcrafls, which constitute ibe aggregate of its nuinufaeturing industry'. Among lis principal manufaetiiring 
places may be named Madison, Indianapolis, New Albany, Cannelton, etc. — the last destined to become, at no distant 
day. the seat of a vast industry. 

Inhinft Commimicnilon. — Indiana has no direct foreign commerce, but it has a vast domestic and inter-state trade by 
means of its navigable waters anrl magnificent systems of canals and railroads, and besides it is well sujiptied with plank, 
M'Adam, and other roads, which facilitate travel and transportation. The State has (January, I'iSS), witliin its borders 
454 miles of canal and 929 miles of r«.iIroail completed. The canals are. the Wabash and Krie Canal, extending from 
Evansville, on the Ohio, to Toledo, on Lake Erie, 467 miles, of which 379 miles are in Indiana ; and the White Water 
Canal, extending from Lawrenceville, on the Ohio, via Caml>ridge, on the National Eoad, to Kagerslown, 75 miles. 
The principal railroads of the State centre at Indianapplis, radiating in all directions, and forming links in the great 
national system which is rapidly springing into existence. There is also a large number of railroads in course of eon- 
etruction, the most imporLinl rif which are. the Cincinnati and St, Louis Railroad, the Lawrenoeburg and T'pper Missis- 
sippi r.ailro^d. the upper portinns of the Ne-w Albany and Salem Hailroad, and the Fort Wayne and Southern Kailroad. 
These will be opened within a year or two, and there are otliers already projected tliat must be built witliin a vt/ry short 
Ip.iei3 of time. 

Bankfi, *■;£.— There are in Indiana 1 bank and 13 branch banks, Ihe same being the State Eanli of Indiana, .it 
Indianapolis, and its several branches at Bedford, Evansville, Fort Wayne, Indianapolis, Lafayette, Lnwreneeluirg, 
Madison, Michigan City, New All'any, Uiehmond. South Bend, Terre Haute, and Vincennes. The agtrrcgate condition 
tff these Institutions in November. 1S50, was as follows — UahUities : capit^il, $2.0S2,95S ; circulation. $3,422.455 ; deposits, 
$630,335 ; due other banks, $112,175 ; and assets — loans and discounts. $4,395,099 ; real estate, $364,233 ; other-investments, 
$10S,4*5; due by other banks. $S15,06'2; notes of other bank.s, $224,^2: specie, $1,197,SS0. The conslitutional provisions 
respecting banking-in this State are: that no banks shall be establi3he<i except under a general law. and Ihe stockholders 
rtiall be individually respotisible for the debts of the corporation, in addition to their sto<.'k, to an amount equal thereto, 
and every bank must close banking operations within twenty years from its organization and promptly close its business. 
There are, besides the above-named baiiks, several others organized under the general banking law, but these have 
flnly lately been established, and have not yet published any returns. Their circulating notes are secured by pledge 
of public stocks. 

Government, ^.— The first constitution of Indiana is dated 29th June, 1*16 : the constitution on which Ihe present 
Btatc government is based was done in convention 10th February, 1S51; ratified by the people 4th August, and went 
Into operation 1st Noveml)er rif the same year, it provides as follows: 

Every while male citizen of the United Slates, 21 years old, resident in the State six months next preceding an election, 
and every white male of foreign birth. 21 years old, resident in tho T'nited States one year, and in the State six montJis 
next preceiling an election, who shall have duly declared his intention to become a citizen of the L^nited States, may 
vote. No negro or mulatto can vote. All elections by the people are by ballot, and all elections by the General Assembly 
tiva Tocr. All general elections are held on the seconil Tuesday in October. 

The General Anxemhly consist* of a Senate and Hou.se of llepre?»entattves. The senate, not exceeding 50 members, 
and representatives, 100 members, are chosen in their respective districts— the former for four years (half every t w » years), 

815 



INDIANA. 



and tlio latter for two years. They must be ciiizens of the United States, residents of llie State for the two years bcxI 
preceding tlK'ir eloclion, :ind for one year of the district from which they are chosen. The sessions of the General 
Assembly ore biounial, coniineucing on thu Thursday next uftt-r tlie first Monday of .January; and no session can b» 
prolonged beyond sixty-uiie days, aud no special session beyond forty days. Kepreseutation is apportioned according lo 
a census of ail while males over 21 years of age, taken every six years. " In all cases where a general law is applicable, 
genera! aud not special laws shall be passed." 

The Oovenwr and Lteutenant-Gcyctrnot are chosen fur four years by a plurality of votes ; th,ey must be severally SO 
years of age, and reeidunta of the Unitt-d Stales and of the State for the five y««ir3 next preceding iheir election. Tho 
gubernattjria! k*rm commences ou the second Monday of January. The Lieutenanl-Govornor is &r-o^icw President of 
the Senate ; and in ease rf the removal or death of the Governor, Jis first, and after him such person as the General As- 
sembly may appoint, shall act as Governor. The Gtivcrnor is not eligible more than four years in any period of eighl 
years. The Governor has power to grant pardons for all utfensce, except in cases of treason and inipeaehmenl; and ha 
may veto a bill, but, if afU-rward passed by a Jiuijaritt/ of those elected to each house of the General Assembly, it become* 
a law nevertheless. 

The ii d minimi rait ve offic^^rs of the government are a Secretary of State, a State Auditor, and a State Treasurer, dcctoJ 
biennially by the people, and no one is eligible to either of these oflSces more than four out of any six years. 

The ojfic^rs elected by the people in each county are a Clerk of the Circuit C<uirt, an Auditor, a liecorder, a Treasurer, 
a Sheriff, a Coroner, and a Surveyor — the three first for four years and the others for two years, and none are eligible for 
.more than two out of any three wmsecutive terms. All county officers must be residents for one year of the places from 
which they are chosen ; and lliey and all town officers must reside in their precincts. 

The Jndiciarr/ consists of a Supreme C'Ourt, Circuit C-ourt, and Courts of Common Pleas, for Ihe counties of Tippecanoe 
and Marion. Tiiese consist of not less than three nor more than five justice*, chosen from districts b\' the people at large, 
for six years. At present it has three, of whom one is chief judge. A clerk of this court is chosen oy the people for foup 
years. Tlie Supreme Court has appellate and such original jurisdiction as the General Assembly may confer. The State 
is divided into thirteen circuits, and each Circuit Court has a judge elected by the people of the circuit for six years, and 
1^ must reside tlierein. A pmsecuting attorney is also elected for each circuit for two- years. The Courts of Commoo 
Pleas for Tippecanoe and Marinn counties are Special CourL**, and have each one judge. Justices of peace are elected bj 
the people of each township for four years. The Constitution provides, in this connection, for the establishment of trU 
bnnals of conciliation, the decisions of which are obligatory on those voluntarily submitting thereto ; for oommissioners to 
revise and simplify practice, and to e*>dify the laws; that any voter of good moral characler may be admitted to practice 
law in all the courts of tho Stale ; that the Assembly may modify or abolish the Grand Jury system ; that no person shal) 
be an incompetent witness in consequence of his opinions on matters of religion ; that in all criminal cases the juries may 
dett-rmine the law and the facta; that no man's property shall be taken without just compensation is first awarded ami 
tendered, 

PkCspocting colored people, it is provided that no negro or mulatto shall come into or sctUo In Ihe State ; all contracto 
made with sueh shall be void, and all persons employing thera shall be punished by a fine of $10 to 1(^)0, and the proceed* 
of such fines shall be appropriated for the colonization of those negroes and mulattoes, and their descendants, in the State, 
at the adoption of tho Constitution, and who are willing to emigrate. 

Amendments to the Constitution arc to be passed on by a majority of one Legislature, and referred to the next; and Iff 
passed by a like majority, then the aincndmenW proposed are submitted to the people for ratification or rejection. 

The militia of Indiana has not been reported to the IT. S. authorities since 1S32, since wliich period tlie population oP 
the State has nearly trebled. At that time it consisted of 53,913 men of all grades and arms, and at present probably 
numbers 150,000 men. 

Indiana hjis several ben^coletit inMitutlon^^ among which the principal are the Asylum for the Deaf and Dumb, thiq 
Institution for the Blind, and the Hospital for the Insane at Indianapolis. At the Asylum all the Deaf and Dumb of tha 
State, between the ages of 10 an-i 30, are entitled to education without charge for board or tuition ; and at the Inslituta 
the same privileges are granted, but except in extr.iordinary cases, applicants over 21 years of age are not admissabl^ 
The Hospital for the Insane, in the year ending 3(Jlh October, 1S5(), admitted 5S (31 males and 27 females); 54 were dis- 
charged ^20 males and 23 females) ; and at the end of the year SO (40 males and 40 females) were left undejr treatmeni. 
This last institution was opened ft)r the reception of pallents (p:irt of the buildings only being erected) in December, 1S48, 
From that time to SOlh October, lt4y, there were lo4 ndtniilvd, of whom 20 recovered, 4 improved, and 4 died, leaving 
76 in the hospital, which, aild<;d to the 5S admitted in lbl'J-5i), makes a total of 162 since the o|>cning of the instituti<ia. 

Finances, Pebts, etc.— The balance in the Treasury on the 31st October amounted to f42S,94l 19, and the receipts for 
the fiscal year 1S50 were $1,4:32.442 7S— toul revenue iH,S61,3S3 97 ; and the expenditures for the same period amounted lo 
$1,518,584 li4, leaving a balance for future <lraft, of $347,S49 93. TIic chief sources of iiicinne are — permanent rerenue, 
$455,030; stale prison, $11,145 ; common school fund, $55,S63 ; university fund, $9,479; bank lax, $1,984; salme tax, 
$4,999 ; Wabash and Erie Canal (by trustees). $857,149, etc And the principal expenditiwes were on account of— Legla- 
lature, $31,010; Executive, $5,878; Judiciary, $10.7o6; public printing, $11,522 ; state prison, $3.606 ; treasury notea 
cancelled, $144,575; interest on treasury notes, $59,428 ; interest on public debt, $1SS,695; Waliash and Erie Canal (by 
trustees), $S24.98S; deaf and dumb, $27,979; blind, $11,781; insane, $32,501; university fund, $14,332; saline fand, 
$7,765 ; bank tax fund, $3,624, etc 

Prior to 1847 the State owed on her foreign debt— principal $11.O4S,000, and interest $3,326,640— total $14,S74,M0. In 
accordance with the acts of the Legislature of 19lh Jatiuiiry. 184(1, and 27th January, 1&47, proposals were made to tho 
Ijond holders that they sliould complete tlic Wabash and Erie Canal, and take the State's interest in it for one half this 
debt, and the State would issue new certificates for the other half, upon which she would pay interest at tho rate of 4 per 
cent, per annum, until January, 1853, and after that time 5 per cenL, and issue certificates ft)r one half the arrears of interest, 
upon which she would pay interest at the rate of 2i per oent. per amium after January, 1853. In this 2J per cenL stock ift 
also included 1 per cent, per annum upon the principal, which gives the holder of the old Ixind, when surrendered, 5 per 
cent, per anunm upon the new 5 per cent, stork, from the dividend day next preceding his surrender of the old bonds. 
On the Clh August, 185"), there had been surrendered uf the old bontb. and new certificates tiiken of principal $9,503,000, 
leaving then outstanding of her oUl bonds of principal, $1,736,727 50. The Habiliiicfi of Uie State and Canal, at tho dato 
last mentioned, may be thus stated : 

Stitte /Jfi>fc— State's half principal of bonds surrendered, $4,781,500 ; State's half interest on bonds with 1 per cent of. 
316 



INDIANA. 



principal with half of coupons added, $1,736,727 50 — total foreign debt, $6,51S,"2'27 50. To which add domcstie debt 
$257,295. Ag^egate debt, $6,775.5'22 50. 

State and Oinal St"ck.—Tlw aaiount of the several stocks ii*sued under the act for liquidating the public debt, up u. 
5Ui August, ISoO, is as foUowa : 5 per cenU StiUe stock, $4,7'?1,5'»0 ; 2^ per cent St<ite stock, $lJo6,727 50 ; 5 per cent, pre- 
ferred Caiiat stock, .$4,079,5<JO ; 5 per cent, deferred Catiiil stock, $702,000 ; 2) per cent, special preferred C<mal stock. 
$1,316,250: 2^ per Cfut. special deferred Caruil stock, $207,400— total stock issued to 5th August. 1S50, $12,723,377 50 
of which atnount deduct for 2i per cent. SUiie stock rodeeraeJ, $2O,U00, aad the total outstanding is reduced to 
$12,708,377 50. The Slate is paying interest oidy on the 5 per cent. Stale stock, at the rale of 4 per c-ent. ; after lSv">3 the 
rate will be 5 per cent. ; and after lS5:i also the 2) jier cent. Slate stock will draw intcroet at that rate. The remaining 
stocks are thrown upon the Canal, and their redemption, principal and interest, depends upon the receipts from the 
Canal, in accordance with the pro\ision8 of the acts heretofore referred to. 

In lS3^-l^^ the State issued $1,500,000 treasury notes to pay off her internal improvement liabilities, but these having 
been made receivable for all State dues, have now been almost all returned to the treasury. The State also issued bonds 
for the Stale Bank capital, and treasury notes tc pay the bank a debt which the State owed it. But these treasury notes 
were based upon a sinking fund belonging to the Slate, and held by the bank, which institution attends to the bunds 
Issued for its capital, and also to the redemption of the notes based upon the sinking t\ind. The means held by the bank 
are considrrf d ample for these purposes. 

The assessed value of persmial ami real estate in Indiana in ISbO was $152,S70,399, but tho true or estimated value 
amounted to no less a sum than $202,l!5<',264. 

IWleral lie-presenf-athm. — Indiana, in accordance with tho law apportioning federal representation, sends eleven 
represenlalives to Congress. 

RfiiQunifi DmiomhHitioiis. — The statistics of the several religious denominations in 1S50 were as follows : 



DenciiTiinft- Nf>. of 


Cliurrli 


Value of 


Denomina- Ny. of 


Chur..h 


Value or 


Denotnina. N,,. of 


Cl)..ril, 


Valoeol 


(ions, Cliiiniri^s 


iiici.ni. 


Properly. 


tions. Cliiirohe9 


acLunu 


Property. 


tions. Cliiirrlieg 




I'r..porry 


E:ipli5l 413 .. 


136,333 . 


. $aii,!>s5 


.Jewish — . 


— . 


$_ 


Tnnlccr 5 . . 


8,000 


. $8.1110 


Christian 1S9 .. 


64,266 . 


. 8S,640 


LiUheran 60 . 


18,00(1 . 


. 86,8-25 


Union 5 . . 


l,2.'i0 


. 2,.350 


Con£rrt^p:afl. . 3 . . 


1,400 . 


6,000 


MennoniU? . . — . 


— . 


— 


Unitarian ... 1 ., 


250 


600 


Dukh l:.-f . . 4 . . 


1.02.1 . 


. 1,050 


Mctlioilisl...745 . 


266,372 . 


. 4S3.460 


Univeraaiist.. 15 .. 


5,060 


. 17.800 


E[iisc»»pal .. 24 .. 


7,300 . 


. 74,000 


Moravian — 5:1 . 


17,400 . 


. 20,S0O 


Minor Sects . 12 .. 


2.S22 


4,025 


Free 10 .. 

Friends So . . 


2,7.50 . 
.4:5,015 . 


6.7IK) 
. 53,555 


Prealjyterian 207 . 
K. Cathnlic . . 03 . 


103,432 . 
25,115 . 


. 324,170 
. 107,725 








Total.... 1,947 


689.230 


.? 1.512,485 


German Kef. 2 . 


450 . 


. 3,500 


Swe-Jenbo"n . — . 


— . 


— 









Indiana constitutes a diocese of the Protestant EpiscN)pal church, ami also the Roman Catholic diocese of Yincennea. 

Education. — Indiana has endowed her common scIumIs and colleges more liberally than any others of the Ncm' Slated 
The constitution provides that •' the common school fund shall consist of the congressional township fund, an^l the lands 
belonging thereto, of the surplus revenue, saline, and bank tax ftnnls. the fund to bo derived from the sale of c*ounty 
seminaries, and money and property heretofore held for such seminaries, all fines, forfeitures, and escheats, and lands not 
otherwise specially granted, including the net procep<is of the sales of the swamp lands granted to the State by the Act 
of Congress of September 2'Sth, 1S50. The principal of the fund may be increased, but shall never be diminishixl, and 
its income shall be devoted solely to the support of common schools." The value of these several funrls and incomes is 
etaled by Governor Wright in his Message of December 2, 1S51. lobe $4,6iU,'270; and in addition to this sum, the school 
fund will be const.intly augmented by the receipt of fines and fi)rfeitures. and the profits of the sinking fund. The scIukjIs 
of the Slate are under the supervision of a Su peri ntcni lent of Public Instruction, who is elected by the peoj^le, and liolda 
office for tM-o years. From the report of this officer, it appears that there were in 1S51 at>out 400,000 between the agr-s of 5 
and 21 years. The number of common schools was 5,S99, and the number of children attending school was 225,318. 

Indiana h.TS also a large number of high schools aini academies ; and among her collegiate establishments the follow- 
ing are the most conspicuous: the Indiana State University, at Bloomington, founded in 1S16; Hanover ColU-ge, founded 
in 1S29 ; Wabash College, founded in 1^34, and Indiana Aslibnry University, at Green Castle, founded in 1837. At Han- 
over is also the Indiana Theological Semin.ary (Presl)ylerian), a department of Hanover College. The Universities have 
each a law department; and there are medical schools at La Porte and Indianapolis— at the first place the Indiana 
Medical Ct^llege, and at the latter, the Indiana Central Medical College, both higlrly-flourishing institutions. 

lAbrarie^.—Ono State library (7,0iK) volumes): four aoci.nl libraries (10,700); six college libraries (17,300); four 
students'' libraries (4,S901 ; one public schf*ol library (2f>0) — total, sixteen libraries and 40.000 volumes. 

Periodical Prestt. — ^The public press consists of 121 periodical publications, of which 79 are political — 43 whig, and 36 
democratic — and 42 are devoted to literature, science, religion, etc. Of the whole number, 9 are published daily. 3 Iri- 
wookly, 109 weekly, and 1 monthly. The average circulation of the dailies, at each issue, is 8,9S4; of the trl-weeklies, 
1,500; of the weeklies, 49,731; and of the monthly, about 2,0i"> copies. 

PaupeH.wt and Cfitne. — The whole number of paupers who received support fVom the public funds witliin the year 
ending .Tune 1st, 1&50. wm 1,1S2, of which 860 were natives, ami 322 foreigners; and the whole number of jjaupers at 
the ihtte refi-rred to was 5S3, of which number 44fi were natives, and 137 foreigners — costs to the public for the year $57,560. 
The « hole mmiber of convicts in the Stiite Prison on the 30lh November. 1S50, was 142, and the number received during 
the following official year was 103, and during the same perioil there were discharged — by expiration of sentence, 21 ; by 
escape. $ ; by pardon, 16 ; by order of court. 1 ; by death, 7 — total 53 ; and hence there were in prison on the 30th Novem- 
ber, 1S51, 192 convicts, of which 8 were oommilled for life, 1 for 36 years, and 96 for less than 2 years ; and 151 are com- 
mitted for ofTt-nses against property, and 39 for offenses against the person. The Slate Prison is situate at Jeffersonville. 

Ilistorical Sketch. — Indiana originally constituted a part of" New France," and subsequently of the "Territ'iry North- 
West of the Ohio Itiver." The exact period of its first aettlement is not ascertained. It appears, however, that about 
1690 the French Indians visited the site of Vincennes, at that time occupied by the Indian liU.ige of Appccaughke, and 
In 1702 n party of the same nation descended the Waba-^h, and established several posts on its banks, and among 
others Vincennes. The tribes inhabiting the country at that time, eith<T from intestine feuds, or inability, made little op- 
position to the new-comers. Thecolonista at Vincennes, insulated, as it were, from the rest of mankind, and buried in the 
midst of tho wilderness, gradually approximated the manners and customs of the Indians by whom Ibey were sur- 

S17. 



IND 



IND 



rounded, and formed marnnges wiili tlicir women, Joined in Iheir hunting partk-s, and eubsistod more by the chase thau 
by lhi> proeceda of Ibcir agricullure. v( llifir simple annals Ihey have left no records, for until ITOS. when the oountiy 
was celled to England, we hear nothins! of llicni. By the treaty of cession, the settlers were conOnned in their i>nsse» 
sions: but immigration did not reach tlio country till some time afl**rward. During the KcvoluUtmary War they dii^played 
thiUr herediuiry animosity to the Knglish.and seized the first opportunity to Join with the people: and in 17TS a Spanisb 
resident gave such information respocting tlio strength and jKisition of the British forces stationed at Vineenne*, that by 
bis directions General Clarke easily obtained possession, which, however, he did not long retain, Ey the treaty of US8, 
the country was included in tho United t'tati'S, and again the settlers were confirmed in their |K>ssc&sions. In ITSS an 
Indian war broke out, which caused great distress among them, but they did not suffer to the same extent as tho Atuert 
can*, ftgaiast whom vengeanco was directed without mercy ; but by the attack of General 'Wilkinson in 17^*1 at the mouth 
of the Tippecanoe, and by tho subsequent victories of General Wayne, a dangerous confederacy was broken up, and th£ 
trilx'6 obliged to submit, when llie dii^tricl began to enjoy that repose of which it had for many years been deprived, J5y 
the treaty <»f Greenville in 1Z05 the Uliilod Stated obt«ine*l several eligible parcels of land, for which, a£ a compensation, 
Uiey paid the Indians gums of money and sundry goods. Other cessions were made at subsequent periods ; but notwill>. 
stauduig these, a part of the Indians still remained hostile, and, excited and exasperated by the eloquence of Tccuniseb, 
ft leader of the Sbawnees, and one of Ibe most extraordinary men that ever appeared among them, several of the tribce 
United in resistance to the increasing pt)wer of the whiles; and depredation bad been committed to such an extent Ibol 
In 1^11 the government determined to exert its power. A force of regulars and railitia was concentrated at Vincennea^ 
and placed under the command of William Henry Harrison, then Governor. On the Glh November of the same year, 
Uie Governor appeared before I'rophetstown, or Tippecanoe, on the Wabash, and demanded roslitullon of the property 
tho Indians had carried ofl". AJXcr a conference, it was agreed that hostilities should not commence until next morning 
that an amicable arrangement might be made, but in violation of this armistice, tlie Americans were attacked befutlft 
daybreak by .1 large body of savages. Governor Harrison, however, knowing the character of the enemy, had so dift 
poBcd his troops as to be able immediately to arrange them in order of battle : and therefore, though taken by stirprise^ 
tho Americans received their insidious enemy In a state of preparation. The combat, though short, was unusually 
ecvcre ; the Indians fought with desperato courage, but the precision of action on the part of the troops was such thai 
the fate of tho battle was soon decided, and tlic Indians driven in all diri-clions, leaving forty of their number on ths 
Add. while their whole loss was not less than one hundred and fifty ; nor was the American loss less in proportion. Aftcf 
the action. Governor Harrison having burned the town, and laid waste the surrounding settlements, returned to Vincei» 
DCS,' and not long afterw.ird the tribes sued for peace. The war with England in ISli gave a fresh impetus to India* 
bestility. Seduced into the service of England, tbc Indians, after committing great cruellies and excesses, received foD 
retribution from the, Americans; their villages were destroyed,, and their whole country laid waste. During the Ialt<9 
]>art of the war withT:nglan<l, Indiana enjoyed comparative repose, and after the conclusion of peace in 1S15, the Indians 
ceased to molest or troutile tho settlers. They are now wholly removed from the State. Until ISOI the territory no» 
BIcludcd In Indiana remained a portion of the Territory North- West of the Ohio; in that year it was erected into a 
eepnrate territorial government, and at tliat time Included all the territory West and North of the Ohio boundary. IB 
December, 1S15, tbe territorial legislature petitioned Congress for admission into the Union, and the privilege of forming 
a State Constitution. A bill for these purposes passed Congress in April, 1S16 ; a State Constitution (dated 29th June, 1S16J 
was frame<l by a conveuUon of delegates called for that special purpose ; and the same having been aceeptjible to tho 
ftdcral legislature, Indiana was, in accordance witli the law before mentioned, admitted in the December following, and 
became an independentmemljcr of that Union of which she is now so bright an ornament. The constitution forriied al 
this period has since been revised, and in 1S51 it w.as set aside by tlic adoption of a new coustiliiliou more cousouiia with 
Uie altered condition of the afFairs and policy of the country. 
/.vDiASAPOLis, near tho oentru of the Stale, is the political capital ; Corj-don was capital unlU loth January, 1S25. 



iMiiANA county, Penn. Situate "W. centrally, and con- 
tains T5{i sq. m. Bounded S. by Kiskiminittis or Conne- 
maugh river, and drained by its aftlutmts, and by 'Ma- 
honing er. and other streams — all branches of Alleghany 
river. Burface uneven: soil generally a sandy or clayey 
loam, and very productive. Its crops of wheat are very 
Uirge, as are most grains, and it is especially fitted for grazing 
end dairies. It has tnncli good water-power and mineral 
re6*mrces — coal and salt particularly, which arc very pro- 
ductive. Iron ore is found in the N. l'^arms*2,496; mannf. 
T5; dwell. 4.IU4, and pop.— wh. 20,910, fr. col. 254— total 
27,170. OipiUil : Indiana. J'uitlic llui-X^s; I^ennsylvania 
li. It, and C'anrd. 

IsniANJi, p. b., and cap. Indi.tnn county, Penn. : 122 m. 
W. N. W. Ilarrisburg. It contains ft court-house. Jail, etc., 
and abmit 1,000 inhabitants. It has sever.al large stores, 
2 hotels, 2 flourishing academics, and several manufactories 
and flue churches. Threo weekly new.spapcrB uro printed 
here. Pop. Ofi.'i. 

iNDiANAi-OLis, p. City, and cap. Marion eo., Ind., and cap. 
of the suite of Indiana: near the geographical centre of the 
Stale, and on the E. sido of the W. fork of White r., in lat. 
390 5i' N., and long. 80° 0,V W.— 573 m. W. by N. Wash- 
ington. The city is located on a beautiful, fertile, and ex- 
tensive plain Just below the mouth of Kail cr. In the ordi- 
nance of Congress, authorizing tho formation of a Stale 
constitution, 4 sections, or 2,.',C0 acres of lan.l, were donated 
for llie p<-rmanenl seat of government: oomniissionerewcro 
81S 



appointed in 1S20 to make ths selection, and In 1S21 Uie 
city was laid out— in the October of which year SU lots^ 
central in the old ]>lot of the city, were sold for $.'!S,59e ; lots 
which then sold for $200 or .$300, now readily realize fl-om 
♦8,000 to $10,000. At the period referred to the site wm 
covered by ilcnsc forests, and for 40 or SO miles around the 
country still remained in its pristine condition of an UT» 
touched wiMernes.s The original town plot was a milfi 
square, but like all progressive cities, Indianapolis has ove» 
stepped its artiftcial limits, and extended itself on all sidci 
The strwls aro at right angles with each other. Washington, 
tlirough which the National Road passe-s, the principid streel 
of the city, is 120 feet wide : Circle-street SO feet, and otheri 
90 feet; the alleys, E. and W., are 80 feet wide, those N. ami 
S. 15 feet. The lota in the full lots are 9TJ (bet by 195, bu» 
on the diagonal streets and in the central blocks, touching 
Circle-street, tlio lots contain about a fourth of an aero eaclk 
On tho Ist .lanuary, 1S25, tho public offices of the Stale weis 
removed from Corydon, the former capital,Jo Indianapolias 
and the permanent seat of government established here; 
but tho Legislature held its sessions in the county cour» 
house until December,- 1884, when the Stale House, an 
elegant buil.ling. ISO fret by SO, was wmpletod, at a cost of 
about $CO,0uo: it is on the model of the Parthenon al 
Athens. Tho Governor's House is near the centre of the 
city, and is a line four-fronted building, staniling on a naV 
ural m.)imd CO feel high, aud circumscribed by Circl.-street ; 
and from this also diverge four diagonal strceta in tb£ dV 



IND 



IND 



reclioQ of tlic several corners of ihc city plot. The State 
House, governor's rcsiUfiice, ami the State officesi were built 
by the proceeds of the sales of lots iti the don<iti(ni., as tho 
CoDgroesional grant was called. The other public buildings 
ore its spacious market-houses, its niaiiy elegant and substan- 
tial churches, its fine hotels, ila defiOls, bridges, etc Xo city of 
it» size in the Union, indeed, has so many public accom- 
modatJons; it is also a place of considerable manufactures, 
trade, and general business, being the centre of a vast sys- 
tem of railroads from every direction. P'rom the Ohio River 
comes the Lawrenceburg and Upper Mississippi II. K., the 
Madison and Indianapolis 11. R., tlie Jeffersonvlllo R. K., 
end a branch fr')m the Evansville and Illinois li. R. ; from 
the Wal)ash r. the Terre llauto and Kichmond li. R., the 
Lafayette E. U., the Peru and Indianapolis K. R., and the 
Fort Wnyne and &.juthern K. It, ; and from the SliUe of 
Ohio, the ludiiuiapolis and Bellefontaine K. R., the Indiana 
Central R. R., elc. All these roads centering in'tho " railroad 
city of the "West," bring^to it an immense amount of business 
aiid Inivel. an<I will ultimately make this one of the most 
. prosperous cities of Ihc north middle section of the Union ; 
most, if not all of these, connect with each other on tho 
Union Track cad Dep6t, constructed at the joint expense 
of the se^ eral companies, and are but as so many links in 
■ U»c chain of intercommunication between the North and 
fioulh, and the Kast and West, connecting as they do, at their 
esterior termini, with the railroads of the Union generally. 

Tho newspapers published in I[idianni)»li3 arc the '' In- 
fllana State Journal" svhig), daily and weekly ; the " Indiana 
State Sentinel" (dem.), tri-weekly; the "Iniiiana 8tat^_s- 
. man," weekly; tho '• Tamily Visit-ir-' (temp.), weekly ; the 
** I/«jcomotive" (neutral), weekly; the *' lUnne Miscellany" 
Qitcrary), weekly ; the "■ Yolkblatt,*' and " Suabia P. Or- 
gan"' (Germ. dem.). both weekly. In reference to educa- 
tion, Indianapolis has made ample provision; It has 14 
public schools, open to all, and numerous academies, som- 
Icarics, and classical schools. The Indiana Central Medical 
(Jollcge was founded in 1S49, and in l&Ol had 49 students, 
mid 10 had graduated : the lectures conmicnced 2Sth Oct., 
lS5i>. There is a United Statea land offico at Indianapolis, 
The general stalislics of the city embrace about 90 dry- 
goods etores, 30 groceries, 22 ^\-arehnuges, 120 mechanic 
dliops, 4 breweries, and about two-fifths of Ihc dwellings are 
Of more than one etory in height, and about one sixth arc 
of brick, the others being frame dwellings. In ls30 the in- 
bflliitants numbere-^i l,(rS5, in 1S40 -2,692, and In 1S50 8,034. 

IsiiiANAPOLis p. v., Mahaska co., Li,: on tho E. side 
of N. fork of Skunk r., 49 m. W. S. W. luwa City. 

InhianCreek, p. o.,JacItson county, 6'a. ; 82 m- N. by W. 
Milledgeville. 

Indian Cbeek, p. o., Monroe co,, J/o. ; on a cr. of Salt r. 
so cidled, 7;^ m. N. N. E, Jefferson City. 

Indian Cbekk, p. o., Monrf>e c<i., Virg. : near a branch 
of Kew r. so c.-dled, 1C9 m. W. Richmond. 

Lniwan Creek, p. o., Monroe co., Iiut. : near a branch 
of Salt r. so called, B7 m. S. S. W. Indianapolis. 

Indian Ciikek, p. c, Kent co., J/itc/t. ; 62 m. "W. N. "W. 
Lansing. 

Inijian Creek, p. o., Piko county, AUu: 43 m. S. E. 
Montgomery. 

iNmAN Geove, p. v., Livingston o(>.,IlU: 65 ni. N. E. 
Sptiugfldd. 



Indian Hii-L, p. c, Abbeville (Hst,, S.Car, : ST m.W. by li 
Columbia. 

Indian Kev, p. o., Dade county, Tlor.: on one of tho 
Florida Keys so called, 453 m. S. E. by S. Tallaliassw. Thia 
key contains some 7 or 8 acres of rich alluvial soil, and is 
based on coral rock, as are most of the neighboring keys 
It lies about equidistant between Florida Cape and Key 
"W^tstjand has a very equable and salubrious cliniat*-. Here 
is a small village, with a fine hotel, etc., foiflJie aooomnio* 
dation of visitors. 

Indian lake, Hamilton co., iV". 3'. : a small lake in a wild 
and mountainous region. It is 4 m. long and about a milo 
wide, and abounds lu various descrijUions of fish. 

Indian Mound, p. o., Stewart co., yV/ia. ; GGm.'W. N.^V* 
Nashville. 

Indianola, p. v.. Warren county, la. : 3 m. S. Prairib 
branch of Des Moines r., 107 in. TV. by S. Iowa City. 

Int^ianola, p. o., Vermillion oounfy. III.: 107 E. N". li 
Springfield. 

Indianola, p. v., Calhoun co, Tex, : on Matagorda Bayi, 
142" m. S. S. E. Austin City. It has a good landing, several 
large st<ire<s, and about 300 inhabitanLs. 

Indian OnonAr.D, sta,, llampden eo., Jfa-'^s. : on "WcsUrm 
R, K., 6 m. E. Springfield, 92 m. from Boston. 

Indian Pkaif.ie, p. v., Tan Bureo ^coimiy, Ja.: 79 n^ 
S. S. W. Iowa City. 

Indian Riter, hnnd., Snssex co., Del.: 47 m. S. bj li 
Dover. Situate on Indian r. and Rehobolh Bay, and aj^ 
prnached from the Atlantic through an inlet so called. Area 
Ci4,420 acres. It has some trade, but is chiefly a mauufao 
turing district. Pop. 1,S22. 

Indian River, p. o., SL Lucie co., Flor. : 309 m. S. H 
Tallahassee, 

Indian Rtter. p. o., "Washington co., Me. : near a cr. SD 
called, 114 E. by N. Augusta. 

Indian River, p. o., Lewis co^ iV^ Y.: 103 m. N- "S^ 
Albany. 

Indian river, JT. Y. : a tributary of Oswegatchie r. T\ 
rises in Lewis county, and passes through Jefferson into 
St. Lawrence co., where it enters Rlack Lake, through 
which it flows to the ObWegattihie, and theuco to the Bfii 
Lawrence. 

Lndian river, Flor. : a long lagoon on the E. side of the 
peninsula, running nearly parallel with the coast line. It is 
alx)utl2't m. long, and varies much in breadth, frequently 
expanding into lakes 3 or 4 miles wide, and again contract* 
ing to less than 50 yards. Its depth varies likewise, and it 
is not safe to navigate a sloop of more than G feel drall. The 
stream empties into the Atlantic through Indian River oiU» 
leU Along its shores are excellent sugar lamls. 

Indian river, or stream, A". I/amp. : the principal head 
stream of Connecticut r. It rises in the highlands on tho 
N. liue of the St«ale, and aHer a S. W. course of aboul 30 tik 
unites with "the eastern constituent of the Connecticut 
which has its source in the lake of the same name. 

Indian Springs, p. v., Butts co., Gn. : 46 m. W. N. W. 
Milledgeville. Here are, near a bnmch of the Ocinulgco, 
sulphur springs of great eftlcaey in curing diseases of tlio 
skin, rheumatism, etc., and much visite<l. Tho v. has a 
large hotel, some subsUintial houses, three etorea, and 200 
inhabitanl^ 



THE INDIAN TERRITORY. 



The Indian Territory Is an extensive country bordering on Jnssourl, Arkansas, and Texas, and sitnate generairy 
?>etween latitu.lea 3;P 40' and 39^ 30' north, and between longitudi's IM^ and 10<P west from Greenwieli, or 17^ and 2oO 
west from Wa-'hingt'm. It is about 420 miles from north to south, and about 350 miles from oast lowest; but within thia 
rompass is includeii only tho Indian Territory proper, or that extending from the Kansas lo the Rod River, and frocn tho 
Uie west lines of Missouri and Arkansas to the old lino of Ti-xas- Bcyoiul these limiLs the allotment of territory ha.s been 
gradually going f*i, and the Indian sftUements now range as far north a.s thf* Missouri River, across the proposed Umita 
<y( Xcbniska, and are stati-d in the census of l-^-^O to oonl:uu in the airgrc;::ile an area of 1S7.171 square miles. 

Thlft Territory was set apart by Congress for tho pernianenl roeidence of the Indum trilM'*transi)ortt'd from the settled 

319 



/ 



IND 



ft 

.low 






StatcB, and here they aro secured a Vsideme from the encroaclimcnls of the white races. They live under governmenta 
of ihciT own, and many of the tribes have made great advances in civilization. The number of Indians resident in the 
f errU^y is computed at about 120,000, four-fifths of which number had been Iransporled from the countries east of the 
Mississippi. The most numerous tribes aro the Cheroliees, the Creeks, the Pawnees, the Choctaws, the Usages, and lb« 
Beminoles. The other tribes are numerically smalL 

Those tribes which have made moat progress in civinzalion are the ChocUnofi, wlio have a written constitution and laws, 
their legislaUvc, executive, and Judicial officers, their schools, churches, and alt the ordiTiary appliances of civiJized 
Bocietles; the Creeks^ wlio, though not so far progresscti in intelligence and industry, yet have madt good advance, and 
have also a witten constitution, recognizing a chief and council of the nation, and the C /bOfcker-t, who are, perhaps, on 
the wliole, more civilized than either of Uie above. These nations arc described in their proper alphabetical order. The 
other transported tribes are also improving under the efforts of the missionary and schoolmaster. They occupy various 
determined sections of the Territory, and are not allowed to interfere with each others' governments. They have each 
their own laws, and are considered as so many distinct nations. The indigenous tribes have not, as a general thing, 
advanced in the same degree as their brethren from the EasL Some tribe*, however, are settling into habits of In- 
dustry. The barbarism of the Indian, indeed, is passing away, and the symbols of civilization are becoming every day 
more apparent. Of late years coUsidcrable quantities of cotton, peltry, and other staples of the Territory have been 
brought down to New Orleans, and there is every prospect of this branch- of eommerce becoming permanent and ex- 
lonfiive. The Indians have also a competent knowledge of many useful manufactures, such as the manufacture of 
domestic cloths, agricuittiral implements, wagons, etc.. and as builders are equal to the most ingenious among their white 
brethren. In fact, they now manufacture almost every thing necessary to their comfort. 

A proposition is on fool, advocated by the Indians themselves, to petition Ckmgress for the removal of all the Indian 
tribes within the rnlted States to the lands at the base of the Kocky Mountains, and there secure to them a permanent 
residence; and also to conplilule them a Slate of the Union, With Senators and Ueprcsentatives in Congress. This eleva- 
tion will doubtless be effected at no distant period, but at present few persons acquainted with the Indian character 
under its present circumsumccs, would be found to advocate such a proceeding. The next generation will be fitted 
by cdueaiion and civilized habita to take part in the affairs of a confederation of which they may have become a 
member. 



Indian Town, p. v., Currituck co., K Car. : on Korth r., 
143 m. E. N. E. P.aleigh. 

Indian Tows, p. v.. Bureau county, IJ-l.: 123 m. N. 
Springfield. 

Inuiantown. p. v., 'Williamsburg dist, S. Car.: S6 m. 
E. S. E. Columbia. It contains several stores, 20 dwellings, 
and 120 inhabitants. 

Indian Vallkt. p.o., Floyd co., Virff. : 161 m. "W. S. W. 
Eiclimcmd. 

Inhian ViLiJi,GE, p. o., Wachitapar., Lti. : 139 m. N. N.W. 
Baton KouK''. 

Indiiiu IIkad, p. o., Coffee co., Ala.: 63 m. S. S. E. 
Montgomery. 

Inpustuv, I. and p. v., Franklin co., Mc : on the N. side 
of Sandy r., a branch of the Kennebec, 20 m. N. N. W. 
Augusta. The t. is fertile, with fine grazing land, and a 
large pond in the N. furnishing water-power. The v. is near 
the pond, has several mechanic &ho]is. two churches, a 
hotel, and 200 inhabitants. Pop. of t. 1,041. 

Im>ustky, p. 0., Beaver co., Penn.: 1S7 m. W. by N. 
Ilarrisburg. 

Inui-stky. p. o.. Au.sttn co., Tex. : on W. fork of Mill cr., 
74 m. E. 8. K. Austin City. 

Ingham county. Mirk. Situate 9. centrally, and contains 
604 sq. ni. Drained N. by Cedar r., and W. by Portage r., 
which fftrm Grand r., and flow into Lake Michigan. Sur- 
face mostly k-vel. and well timbered with beeeh and suijar 
maple ; the '■ openings" are more uneven nnd chiefly in the 
S. ; soil very good, and, like the adjacent country, excel- 
lent grain and grass land. It has good water privileges, 
ami there are indications of bituminous coal. Farms 991 ; 
manuf. 32 ; dwell. 1,5S3. and pop.— wh. S,606, fr. col. 25— 
total 8.681. Capital: Lansing. 

Inghkm, t. and p. v., Ingham co., Mich.: 17 m. S. E. 
Lansing. A branch of C*dar r. flows on its E. border, 
which is mostly level and well timbered. Pop. 754. 

Ingram's Cnoss Roads, p.o., Lauderdale county, ^^c. .• 
189 m. N. N. W. Montgomery. 



Summit county, Ohio: 103 m. N. E, 
Eock county, WUc.: 87 m. 8. B. 
Randolph co., 2^, Car.: 68 m. W. 
■ 114 m. W. by N, 



Inland, p. 
Ctjlumbus. 

Inmansville, p. 
Madison. 

Institute, p. c, 
Raleigh. 

iKTERcotiRSE, p. 0., Sumter co., Ala. : 
Montgomery. 

Intercourse, p. v., Lancaster co., Pmn. : 43 m. E. S. E. 
Harrisburg. 

Inverness, p. o., Columbiana co., Ohio: 126 m. E. N. E. 
Columbus. 

Ioni, p. o., Anderson co., Tea:. : equidistant from Trinity 
and Neches rivers, 159 m. N. E. Austin City. 

Ionia county, Micfu Situate W. centrally, and contains 
5T6 sq. m. Drained by Grand r, which crosses it from E, 
to W., and its branches Maple and Flat rivers, and Lake, 
Sebewa, and Prairie creeks. Surface gently undulating ; 
soil, black sandy loam, and on the streams alluvial bottonia 
of great fertility— generally timbered with oak, ash, and 
maple, free from stone, and excellent for grazing ; gixxl 
building stone is found on Grand r. Farms 601; manut 
17; dwell. I,3G7, and pop.— wh. 7,5S9, fr. col. 8— U»tal 7,597. 
Capital : Ionia. 

Ionia, t., p. v., and cap. Ionia county, Mich.: 2.8 m. 
W. N. W. Lansing. The t. lies on both sides of Grand r., 
with Prairie cr. in the N. ; has a rich alluvial soil, and 
plenty of timber, and raises many catQe and sheep. The 
village is on the right bank of Grand r., at Uw head of 
boat navigation, and contains a court-bonse, jail, etc., a 
U. S. land office, nnd about 500 inhabitants. Populatioa 
of t. 7T4. 

losEO county, Mick. Situate E. on Saginaw Bay, and con- 
tains 549 sq. m. Drained N. by Aa Sable r., and S. by 
Augrais r. Surface broken, and in parts covered with 
swamps. Timber of all kinds is abundant, and limiber 
the chief export of this yet unsettled county. Unorganized 
inlSSO. 



THE STATE OF IOWA. 

Iowa, the fourth of those magnificent Slates carved out of that T.ast territory acquired of France in 1S03, is situate gener* 

ally K-twt.-n the latitudes 4'io S5' and 43^ 3(V north, an.i between longitudes 9<.o IS' and 960^' west of Greenwich, or 

l.i Ih and 190 51 ^^sl of Wash it. -ton ; and is bounded north by Minncsoin Territory, east bv the Mississippi River, 

*"ftoo"'''* ^' ^ isconsin and Illinois, south by the State of Missouri, and west by Missouri River and itatriba 



IOWA. 

tary the TchankasnJata or Big Sioux Kiver, which divides it from the old Norlh-Wesl Territory.* Its width from north 
to south is 19G miles, and its greatest length from cast to west J>07 miles; included within which limits is an urea of 50,9M 
aqnare miles. 

Situate nearly midway bet^veen the two ^ent oceans; bounded on both sides by the great riTcrs of the continent, and 
watered by innumerable smaller streams ; possessing a fertile poil. inexhaustible mineral resources, a hcaltlifiil climate, a 
free constitution, and a hardy and industrious population, the SUite of Iowa has commenced its career with prospects of 
far more than ordinary brilliancy. In extent of Imundary, it is one of the largest in the Union, an<i it may safely be 
prophesied, that with these great advantages, it is destined at no distant day to rank among the first in point of wealth 
and political importance, as it ah-eady exceeds its compeers in rapidity of growth. 

The general face of the country is that of a high, rolling prairio watered by magnificent streams, and on the river 
courses skirted with woodland. An idea prevails at the East that the prairies are uniformly level. This is by no m-'ans 
the case. Sometimes, indeed, they spread out in boundless plains ; but the high or upland prairies, which arc much the 
most beautiful, as well as the best adapted to cultivation, present a series of graceful undulations not unlike the swell of 
the sea, from which they derive the appellation " rolling." — Sarg-^nt, ISiS. 

The chief rivers of the State are: the Mississippi, which winds along its eastern border for nearly 450 miles, and the 
Missouri, which bounds it on the west from the mouth of Big Sioox River to the parallel of 40'^ 85' N. lat., a dist^mce of 
more than 300 miles, both furnishing an almost unprecedented extent of external navigation, and their banks affording 
many eligible sites for commercial cities. Besides theao magnificent streams, Iowa has many large interior navigable 
rivers, the most prominent of which are the Des Moines, exteniUng through and dividing the State into two nearly equal 
sections, Skunk Biver, the Iowa, from which the State has its name, Wapsipinioon River, the Makoqueta, the Turkey 
liiver, the Upper Iowa River, and others flowing into the Mississippi, and numerous fine streams affluents of the Mis- 
souri. The Des Moines passes diagonally IVom north-west to suuth-east, and reaches the Mississippi at the. foot of the 
lower rapids in the south-east comer of the State — the whole distance from the point where it strikes the northern bound- 
ary line of Iowa to its confluence being over 4J10 miles. It is this river — represented as being one of the most beautiful 
of all the noble rivers of the great We^t— that the State has undertaken, with the aid of a grant of lands made by Con- 
gress, to render navigable for steamboats of a medium class up to Fort Des Moines, a distance of over 200 miles from its 
mouth. It passes through the great co.al fields and through a country scarcely equaled for its agricultural capacities. The 
stream is said to be peeuUarly adapted to improvement in accordance with the plan proposed — a successiou of substantial 
locks and dams creating slack-water — from the fact of its having rock bottom and high banks, which are not subject tj 
overflow. The Iowa, Skunk, etc., are rivers secondary in magnitude to the Des Moines, but they are of inestimablo local 
value, being navigable into the interior for distances varying from 20 to 60 miles, and by their numerous alllueut streams, 
furnishing to the settler hydraulic power sufl3cient for all the varied wants of a large manufacturing State. Most of these 
rivers pass over lime or sand-rock beds, and are generally skirted with fine timber. Limestone, indeed, is distributed 
abundantly over a great portion of the State. 

Iowa is numbered as one of the great mineral producing States of the Union. Its lead mines in the north-cast, and 
of which Dubuque is the centre, have been worked for a long ix-riod, and have been very productive in proportion to the 
number engaged in mining. The lead mines of Iowa are continuous of those of Illinois and "Wisconsin. A review of tht 
resources and capabilities of this country, says Doctor Owen, induces me to say, with confidence, that 10,000 laborers and 
miners could' find profitable employment within its confines. The lead mines alone afford as much of that metal as ilie 
whole of Europe, excepting Great Britain, and their capabilities are unbounded. Zinc occurs in fissures, along with the 
lead ; it is chiefly in the form of electric calamine, and is found in cellular masses; in some "diggings'' this mineral is 
found in a state of carbonate, and in others as a sulphuret. Iron ore is abundantly distributed, but as yet no large 
amount has been converted into metal. In reference to the coal deposits, the geologist above quoted remarks, that 
between Johnson and Iowa counties an uplift of carboniferous sandstone is encountered which is probably near the 
eastern limits of the Des Moines coal-field. The Iowa River meanders near the east margin of this deposit, but the 
seams presented on the river bluff are of inferior quality. It « upicard ofUco hundred »ul^ in the direction of the 
■vnU-ey of ihe Des Moin^ acroas the great coal-Jidd ; westwardly it extends fVom the Des Moines River, nearly 
across the State. The entire area of this field in Iowa alone can not l)e less than 20,000 square miles — in all, em- 
bracing a country equal in extent to more than one half the State of Indiana. He estimates the beds of coal at 100 
feet in thickness ; and lying near the surface, they must be capable of being worked easily, and at small expense. Cop- 
per is also found in this State. 

But Iowa mainly owes it.s prosperity to its agricultural resources. Its fine prairies are easily converted to cnltivatiou. 
and its natural pastures afford j>eeuliar facilities for the rearing of cattle and sheep-farming ; wool-growing, indeed, has 
become one of the staple employments of the settlers, and the raising of hogs for market has become no kss a profitable 
occupation. The sheep and hog are here fed with little or no trouble, the natural productions of the earth affording a 
plentiful subsistence. For all agricultural purposes, indeed, Iowa is perhaps as fine a region as ever the sua cherished 
by its beams. It is demonstrated by actual survey that no State In the Union has a less quantity of inferior land. The 
limber lands are less extensive than the prairies, but the growths are so distributed as to negative any objection that 
might be interposed on this account. Compared to the lifetime of labor it takes to open a farm in the woods, the facility 
i\1th which one can be established on the prairie is most striking and gratifying to the settler ; and as suflQcient timber 
for all ordin.iry purposes is always within reason.able distance, tho comparative absence of forests is not so important as 
it otherwise would be, and artificial groves of that useful and oniamontal tree, the locust, can be easily and quickly 
raised. Nothing can exceed the beauty of a prairie cottage, surrounded by its grove of locust, and, whercTer met with, 

'' The constitutionnl bounJarres of Iowr are as follows : " Beginning in tlie miitdte of tlie main channel of the Mississippi River at a point due 
«mtof the nii<iiJleof llie monlb nf the main channel of tbe Des Moines Klver: thence up the mi.i-lle of the main channel of theaaiJ Dea Moines 
If rrer to a point on snid river where the northern boundary line of the Stale of Missouri, as established by the constitution ol that State, ntlopied 
JtineI2tl), l»20,cros9ea the said middle of tha main channel of the naid Dea Moines River: tht^nce westwardly along ths snid nortbera boundnry 
Imf of tbe State of Missouri, as eetahiisbed at the time aforesaid, until an extension of said line intersecls tbe middle of the main channel of 
tbe Mi_-iaouviltiver; thence up the luuldleof the main cliannel ol tbe said Missouri Iliver, toa point op^site the middle of the main channel of the 
Uig Sioux River, until it ia inlerserted by tbe parallel of furty-lbree dej^rees and thirty niinutea north latitude; tbence ea-*!, along said parallel ol 
forty tliree degrees and thirty minutes, until said parallel intersects the middle of the main channel of th« Misabsippi River; tbente down tbe 
nii.ldLe of the main channel of said Mipniseippi River to the place of bpe;iiming,'* 

21 821 



IOWA. * 

U marks Ihc abode of Uislo and comfurL- In ri.lin; over Ihc Slate, however, Ihe chief characterislic observed is Its 
evenness— Uio monotony of its very beauty and fertility becomes tiresome. 

In point of salubrity, Iowa is not surpassed l)y any of the new Stales. It is not exempt from the diseases mcidental to 
rich and uncultivated regions, but IVoni the openness of the country it is less liable to the scourge of malaria than ordina- 
ry. Take it altogether, it is a most attractive country for the immigrant. The salubrity of the climate, however, depends 
much on locality. The thermometer does not range so mdely here as in similar latiUides east of the Alleghanies ; it is 
exempt, too, from those easterly winds so searchins and baneful in their elTecls on the pulmonic invalid. Along the 
low bottom-lands of the rivers, which are occnsionally subject to inundation, there will be liability and predisposition to 
bilious aireclions, fevers, etc. ; but upon the ui)lanils anil rolling prairies the air is buoyant and free from all baneful 
influences. Periodic breezes blow over these elevated portions of the country as regularly and refreshing as from the 
ocean between the tropics, tempering the extremes incidental to the latitude. 

Iowa is divided into 49 counties, the general statistics of which and the capitals of each in 1S50 were as follow > 



CotiQtie«.' Dwell. 

Allamakee 152. 

Appanoose ... 521. 

Benton 121. 

Black Hawk.. 26. 

Boone 119. 

Buchanan 74. 

Cedar 686.. 

Clark 14.. 

Clayton 728.. 

Chnton 499.. 

Dallas 1.56.. 

Davis 1,180.. 

Decatur 145., 

Delaware 338. . 

Doa Moines ..1,919.. 

Dubuque 1,952.. 

Fayette 153.. 

Fremont 222.. 

Henry 1,545. 

Jowa 143. 

Jackson 1,277., 

Jasper 214., 

Jefferson 1,649.. 

Johnson 799., 

Jones 559.. 



Pop. 
. 777. 
. 3,131. 
. 672. 
,. 135. 
. 733. 
.. 517. 
. 3,941., 
. 79.. 
. 3,673.. 
2,822.. 
. 854.. 
. 7,264. 
. 965., 
. 1,759. 
.12,987.. 
.10,841., 
. 825.. 
. 1.244.. 
. 8.707., 
. 822., 
. 7,210., 
. 1,280. 
. 9,904., 
. 4,472., 
. 3,007.. 



Tarmn 
in cult. 



. 153.. 
. 67.. 
. 9.. 

0.. 
. 45.. 
. 358.. 

0.. 
. 200.. 
. 306.. 

0.. 
. 613.. 
. 46.. 
. 141.. 
. 383.. 
. 753.. 
. 8.. 
. 105.. 
. 947.. 
. 70.. 
. 703.. 
. 150.. 
.1,067.. 
. 377.. 
. 225.. 



Mnnilf. « ,,,,_ 

K.lab. C-r"t-^l»- 

. C.Postville 
. 2...Centrevillo 
. 0... Vinton 
. 1... — 
. 0.. .Booneville 
. l...lndepcnd'nce 
. 4... Tipton 
. 0... — 
.12...Garnavillo 
.10... De Wilt 
. O...Adell 
.ll...Bloomfield 
. 0.. .Nine Eagles 
. 3... Delhi 
.23.. .Burlington 
.46... Dubuque 
. 0.. .West Union 
. 0... Sidney 
.26... Mt Pleasant 

Marengo 

.Andrew 

Newton 

Fairfield 

Iowa City 



. 1.. 
,10.. 
, 0.. 
.54.. 
,19.. 



Counties. Dwell. 

Keokuk 820.. 

Lee 3,252.. 

Linn 991.. 

Louisa.. 842.. 

Lucas 92.. 

Mndison 180.. 

Mahaska 981.. 

Marion 930.. 

Marshall 62.. 

Monroe 515.. 

Muscatine 999.. 

Psge 94.. 

Polk 756.. 

rottowattomeel,475. . 

Poweshiek 102.. 

.=cntt 991.. 

Tama 1.. 

Taylor 38.. 

Van Euren... .2,069.. 

Wapello 1,416.. 

Warren 152.. 

Washington . . 856. . 

Wnyne 57.. 

Winneshiek .. 100.. 



Pop. 


Fnrma 
in cult. 


Miinu 
Kstab 


Cnpitnls. 


4,822. 


. 326. 


.12. 


.Lancaster 


18,860.. 


.1,350. 


..78. 


.Fort Madison 


5,414. 


. 526. 


.23.. 


.Marion 


4,939. 


. 388. 


.18. 


.Wapello 


471.. 


. 32. 


. 0.. 


.Chariton P'L 


1,179. 


. 53. 


. 0. 


.Winterset 


5,989. 


. 480. 


..18. 


.Oskaloosa 


5,482. 


. 342. 


..24. 


.Knoxville 


338. 


. 34. 


. 0. 


.Marietta 


2,884. 


. 337. 


. 0. 


.Albia 


5,731.. 


. 400. 


.19.. 


.Muscatine 


551.. 


. 61. 


. 0.. 


.Nodaway 


4,515. 


. 321. 


. 9. 


.F.Des Moines 


7,828. 


. 82. 


. 5. 


.Kanesville 


615.. 


. 71. 


. 0. 


.Montezuma 


5,986.. 


. 384. 


.19.. 


.Davenport 


8.. 


. 0. 


. 0.. 


— 


204.. 


. 27. 


. 0.. 


.Taylor C.H. 


12,270.. 


. 998. 


.23.. 


.Keosauqua 


8,471.. 


. 828. 


. 7.. 


.Ottumwa 


961.. 


. 47. 


. 0. 


.Indianola 


4,9.57.. 


. 428. 


. 1. 


.Washington 


340.. 


. 0. 


. 0.. 


.Cambria 


546.. 


. 0. 


. 0.. 


.Winneshiek 



3.. .Auamosa 



Since the census of 1S50 was taken, Pottowattomce county has been divided into the foHowino^ named counties : Adair, 
Adams, Audubon, Bancroft, Bremer, Buena Vista. Buncombe, Butler, Carroll, Cass, Cerro Gordo, Cherukee, Chickasaw, 
Clay, Crawford, Dickiuson, Emmett, Floyd, Fox, Franklin, Greene, Grundy, Guthrie, llancock. Hardin. Harrison, How- 
ard, Humboldt, Ida, Knssulh, Manona. Mills, Mitchell, Montgomer\', O'Brien, Oceola, Palo Alto, Plymouth, Pocalwn- 
las, Eisley, Sac, Shelby, Sioux, Union, AVahkou, Winnebago, "Worth, "Wright, and Yell. 

The whole number of dwellings in the State was, at the above date, 82,962, of families 33,51T, and of inhabitants 192.214, 
viz.: whites 191,879— males 100,SS5, and femak'S 90,994, free colored 385— males 163, and females 167. Of Ihe whole 
population, there were (kafand diwib — wh. 51, fr. col. — total 51 ; hH/id~-wh. 47, fr. col. 0— total 47 ; in^an^— wh. 40, 
fr. col. — total 40; and idiotic — wh. 93, fr. col. 0— total 98. The number of free persons bom in the United States was 
170,620, the number of foreign birth 21,232, and of births unknown 3C2 ; the nadrt^ population originated as follows : Me. 
T18, N. Hamp. 580, "Venn. I,&i5, Mass. 1,251, E. I. 256, Conn. 1,090, N. Y. 8,134, N. Jer. 1,199, Penn. 14.744, Del. 5S9,Md. 
1,SS8, DisL of Col. 70, Tirg. 7,861, N. Car. 2,589, S. Car. 676, Ga. 119, Flor. 51, Ala. ISO, Miss. 13S, La. 133. Tex. 10, Ark. 
163, Tcnn. 4,274, Ky. 8,994, Oh. &X713, Mich. 521, Ind. 19,9-25, III. 7,247, Mo. S.So", Iowa 50,350, Wise. 692, Calif. 3, Terri- 
lories 135 ; and the foreign population was composed of p-i-rs^jns fr«jra— England 3,7S5, Ireland 4.SSS, Scotland 712, Wales 
852, Germany 7,152, France 382, Spain 1, Portugal S, Belgnmi 4, Holland l.lns. Italy 1, Austria 13. Switzerland 175. Russia 
41, Denmark 19, Norway 36, Sweden 331, Prussia sS, Greece 1, Asia 2, British America 1,756, Mexico 16, Cent. America 
0, South America 1, West Indies 14, and other emiiitries 124. 

The following tabic will show the decennial progress of the population since the first census Uiken by the United 
States authorities: 



Tcnaus. Wliita 

Year. Persons. 

1S40 42.924 .. 

1850 191,879 .. 





Colore<) Person*. 




Tot«l 

Poifli'siion. 

.. 4.3.113 .. 

.. IS'Z.iU .. 


Tlecenninl 1 


nPrea-«. 


Free. 
172 . 


Slave. 

16 


T..t.-,l, 
.199.. 
.335 .. 


NumericaL 


PerceriL 


335 . 


.. 149.102* ... 


. 345.7 



• A cen.n. of tlii* stnte wiw tnken in the liitter pnrt of the year 18.13 : the population of the countie. waa aa follows : Allamakee 2,000, Appanoose 
4.W3, Benton 1.237. Black Hawk 315, Boone 1.024. Bremer 200, Buchanan 1.02::. Butler 73, Cedar 4,971, Clark (H9, Clajt.m fi,3(S, Clinton 3,823, 
Dlllaa l.il'i. I)a»i« 7.iVl, Decatur 1,184. Delaware 2,61S, Des Moines 12,.'i^.^ Duhuque 12..iOO. Faj-ette 2,0fti. Fremknt 3.(«4. Guthrie 300. Henry 
9.683.10W. l.»a, JackMioS.ai, Jaape, 1.974. Jelferaon lO.Si'V. Johnson ,1.788, Jones 4,201, Keokuk 5,306. I.ee 20.360. Linn fi.Bllo, Loui.a S,478, 
Lucas 1.0«, Madison I.8M, aal.aaka 7,47<1. Marion 6.289. Marshall 710, Mills 1.4i>3. Monroe 3,43,1, Muscatine 6 812, Pa»e 636. Polk 6.931. IVt- 
lowattomee .1.0.',7, Poweshiek 916, nioccol.l 250, Rl.ley 122, Scott «,f,2S. Story 214, Tama '262. T.ijlor 473, t;nion 79, Van°Buraii 12,763, Wapello 
S,8«S. Warren 1, 488, Washington .1.881, Wayne 7^*4, Winneshiek 1.623,Tell 250. 



IOWA. 

The statistics of the industry and WL-alth of Iowa, aa ascertained by the census of ISoO, and in accordanco with other 
public documents referrinj; to the same period, were as follows : 

Oc{:iipied Lands, 6/<.'.— Improved lands, 824,632 acres, and unimproved lands, 1,911,SS2 acres — valued in cash at 
$16,657,5(37 ; number of farms under cultivation, 14,805 ; value of farming implements and machinery, t'l,17'2.SG9. 

X/i'tf-.!)"Cwi*.— Horses, 3S,536; asses and mules, 754; milcU cows, 45,704; working oxen, 21,SS'2 ; other cattle, 69,025 ; 
sheep, 149,960 ; and swine, 323,247— valued in the aggregate at $3,6S9,275. In 1S40 there were — horses, mules, etc., 
10,794 ; neat cattle, 83,549 ; sheep, 15,354 ; and swine, 104,899. 

Grain (7/-o;>s.— Wheat, 1,530,551 bushels; rye, 19.916 bushels; Indian corn, 8,656.799 bushels; oats, 1,524,345 bushels: 
barley, 25,093 bushels ; and buckwheat, 52,516 bushels. The crops of 1339-40 cunsiste*! of wheal, 154,093 bu>liel3 ; barley, 
723 bushels; oats, 216,335 bushels; rye, 3,792 bushels; buckwheat, 6,212 bushels; and Indian corn, l,4ii6.241 bushels. 

Oth^r Crops. — Face, 500 pounds; lobacoo, 6,041 pounds; peas and beans, 4,775 buslieis; potat*)e3 — Irish, 276,120, and 
Bweet, 6,243 bushels; hay, 89/155 tons; clover-seed, 342, and other grass seed, 2,096 bushels; hops, 8,242 pounds; hemp 
--dew-rotted, 0, and water-rotLed, tons; flax, 62,553 pounds; flax-seed, 1,959 bushels; maple sugar, 73,407 pounds; 
molasses, 8,162 gallons; wine, 420 gallons, ete. The value of orchard pruducla was $3,434, and of market-garden 
products, $S,S43. 

Products of Animals— yfoo], 87S,S9S (in 1340,23.039) pounds; butter, 2,171,138 pounds; and cheese, 209,340 pounds; 
and the value of animals slaughtered during the year had been $321,164. Silk cocoons were produced to the amount 
of 246 pounds; and beeswax and honey, to that of 321,711 pounds. 

Ho/m-tnad-e maiivfacture-s fur the year ending 1st June, 1850, were valuerl at $221,292 (in 1840, at $25^66). 

Ma juifact tires. — Aggregate capiliti invented, $000,0*_i0; value of raw material, fuel, etc., consumed, $000,000; average 
hands emjiloyed, 00,000 — males 00,(XIO, and females 000 ; average monthly cost of labor— male $00,000, and female 
$0,(K)0; annual value of products. $i>iO,000. The whole number of manufacturing establishments producing to the value 
of $500 and upward, in 165<}, was 432 ; and of these, 1 was a woolen faeltiry, 14 were tanneries, and 3 were for the manu- 
facture of cast iron. The balance of the manufactures and handiorafls, making up the sum of the establishments, consist 
of such as minister to the imme<liate wants of agricultural ei»ramunitie3. 

The tcofjlen manufacture employed a capiuil of $10,000; w<x)l consumed, 14,500 p->und3 ; value of all r.aw material, 
$3,500; hands employed, 7; monthly cost of labor, $73; entire annual value of products, $13,000; cloth produced, 
14,000 yards. 

The tanneries employed a capital of $20,350 ; value of raw material consumed, $10,745 ; average hands, 23 ; monthly 
cost of labor, $543 ; number of skins tanned, SS^J, and of sides tanned, 10,630 ; value of pr'wlucts, $24,520. 

In the manufacture of cast irwiy $5,500 invested ; pig iron, si tons, and coke and charcoal, 200 bushels — valued at 
$2,.524 — consumed; average hands, 17; montlily cost of lalxir, $550; castings made, 71 tons; value of entire products, $3,500. 

These summaries of the different national manufactures are relatively small ; but they arc a germ which the immense 
water-power of the country and the spirit of the people will soon foster into interests of magnitude and importance. 

0>}n?/ierc^ and Jnternal Omununicathn. — Iowa has no direct trade with foreign countries, but its trade with the 
Atlantic and Gulf ports is comparatively extensive, its exports eiinsisling principally of the products of agriculture and 
the mines, and its imports of the manufactures of Kurope and the Eastern States, groceries, wine, etc. The shipping 
ports are Keokuk, Fort Madison, Burlington, Muscatine City, Davenport, Lyuns, Bellevuo, Dubuque, etc., at all which 
places a busy trade is carried on with the interior. The annual value of the commerce of Keokuk, at the mouth of I»l-s 
Moines Kiver, thfjugh a city numbering less than seven years' existenoe, amounts to betwe(.-n five and six million dollars, 
and at the other ports the value of the import and export trade is little less in value. Keokuk is the entrepot and dep6t of 
the whole valley of the Des Moines — a region in which raure tlian half the population and agricultural wealth of the Su-ite 
is concentrated ; and when the contemplated improvements in the navigation of the river are completed, it must of neces- 
sity become one of the most important of "West^.Tn cummcrcial cities. Tlie exports from Dubuque consist chiefly of lead. 
Keokuk, Davenport, Lyons, and Dubuque will shortly be connected with the interior by railroads, and hence their 
commerce will be indt-Snitely enlarged, and the inltTesIs of the whole State be developed by the increased facilities these 
highways will aSbrd to transportation. Most of the railroads will centre at Iowa City, from which point a grand trunk 
railroad will be carried westward to Council Bluffs, on the Missouri, and thence, in the progress of events, to the Pacific 
Ocean. None of these roads are complt- ted ; but, perhaps, as a means of developing the wealth of the interior, these lines 
are of inferior importance to the grand project of opening the channel of the Des Moines to steam navigation, as befi-ro 
alluded to : it will thus become the channel through which the greater part of the commerce of the country will pass, and 
along its banks will rise up cities and towns, eijual in magnitude and wealth, to those on the Illinois or the Hudson — in 
fact, it will become as important to Iowa as those rivers are to the States through which they have their courses. Through 
Iowa will also pass a link of the great chain of North and South railroads, connecting SU Louis with the extreme settle- 
ments of Minnesota, etc. That portion of this chain within Missouri is already provided for, and will have the aid of tUe 
State to build it, and the same policy in relation to State aid will probably be pursued in Iowa. 

Biiuking. — The constitution provides that "no corporation with banking privilegt^s shall be created; and all persons 
or associations «hall be prohibited by law from lianking or creating paper to circulate as money." 

Govet'iunent. — The constitution, the basis of the present government of Iowa, was adopted od August, 1846. Its prin- 
cipal provisions are as follows : 

Every white male citizen of the United States, twenty-one years of age, insane and infamous persons excepted, having 
resided in the State six months and in the county in which he claims to vote thirty days, is alluwed the right of suffrage. 
The general election is held biennially on first Monday in August. 

Tiie L^gUldtiire is styled the General Assembly, and consists of a Senate of 30 members, and a Tlouse of Keprcsenta- 
tives of 69 members. The number of representatives is not to exceed 72, and senators not has than a third, nor moro 
than a half of that number. Senat^jrs are chosen for four years, one half every two years, and must be 25 years of age ; 
and representatives are chosen fur two years — both senators and representatives must have been resident in the State at 
least one year next before the election. The governor's veto to any act of the Legislature is nullified by a subsequent 
two-thirds vote of both houses in favor of the rejected law. No member of either hotise is eligible to any office oreateil or 
the emoluments of which have been inereiised during his term of service. No person holding any lucrative office under 
the State or Tnited States, is eligible to a seat in the House of Representatives. No law shall embrace more than one 
object, and that shall be expressed in its title. No divorce shall be granted by the Legislature. A census of the State 
le taken every two years, and after each enumeration members arie apportioned among the several counties according to 

823 



IOWA. 

the number of while inhabitatito in each. The Lcgislaluro meets at Iowa Citj' biennially on the Aral Monday of De- 
cember. 

The governor is chosen for four years by a plurality of votes ; ho must bo at least 30 years of age, and have resided in 
the Stale two years next iireccding. In case of disability of the governor, his place is occupied by tbe Secretary of Slate, 
and an<ir him by the President of the Senate and Speaker of the House of Kcpresentatives. The chief administrative 
ofllccrs are a Secretary of Stale, a Stale Auditor, and a State Treasurer, chosen by the people each for two years. 

The ,/u</ici«ry eousisls of a Supreme Court, Circuit Courts, and courbs of local jurisdiction. The Supreme Court con- 
eists of a chief mid two associnlc justices, elected by joint vole of the General Assembly tor bLv years, and uutil their 
suco'issors are elected and qualilled. Any two of the judges form a quorum. The court holds a session each year in each 
of Ihe Hve Supreme Court districts into which the Stale is divided. This court has appellate jurisdiction only in all 
chancery cases, and corrects errors at lav- under restrictions provided by the Legislature. The Supreme Court has a re- 
iwrtcr. For the purjiose of holding District Courts, Iho State is divided into 8i.\ districts. The judges of this court ^e 
elected by the voters of Iheir district fur five years, ami until their successors are electotl and qualified; a prosecuting 
attorney and cleric of the District Court are elected each for two years by the voters of each county. Each county also 
electa a judge of probate, etc. Justices of the peace have jurisdiction in civil cases wliero the amoimt in controversy does 
not exceed $10D, and by c:)nsent of parties when it is below $500. 

Among the special provisions of the constitution are the following: No State debt shall be created e.\ceeding $100,000 
except in case of war or iusurrection, uidess authorized by a special law which shall i^rovide for the payment of the in- 
terest and of the princip.*!! within 20 year?, which law shall be irrcpcalable, and before going into effect must be submitted 
to the people at a general election, having been published in at le.tst one newspaper in each judicial district for three 
months prece^ling, and be approved by a m.ijority of the voters. Corporations other than for banking purposes ir ty be 
organized under general laws with certain resolutions. The State shall never become a stockholder in any corporation, 

Firuinces, ruUic J)obt, fic.—Ou the 30th November, 1S50, the funded debt of the State amounted to $79,442, on which 
the annual interest was $5,304 ; to tliis should be added auditor's warrants unpaid, $10,771 — total debt, $90,313. The 
expenditures fur the two years ending at tVjc above period amounted to $75,410, namely — expenses of legislature, $7,4&S ; 
executive, $11,200; judiciarj-, $13,979; public buililinga at Iowa Clly, $3,200; interest, $11,C92; and public prinling, 
$S,02S. The revenue is derived from tnxes upon real and personal property, which, according to the assessors' returns 
for 1S50, was valued at $22,623,:»4, being $4,114,507 more than in 1S49. The levy for State purposes was 2} mills on the 
dollar— the tax for 1S49 was $47,296, and for 1S50 $56,55^. The loUowing are the various objects of taxation in 1S50 — 
polls, 832,259 ; land, 8,7.52,1GS acres— $13,277,483 ; town lota, etc., $3,(H0,54G ; capital employed in merchandise, $837,237 ; 
mills, manufactories, distQIeries, eanling machines, and tan yards, Willi stock, etc., $4-52,238; horses over two years old, 
88,585— $1,460,475 ; mules and asses over a year old, 305— $15,691 ; neat cattle over two years old, 99,406— $1,106,055; 
sheep over six months old, 140,599— $165,763; hogs six months old, 206,4.52— $202,897 ; pleasure carriages, 8,922— 
$15I,9M; watches, 8,577- $4i!,702 ; pianofortes, 55— $8,135; capital, slocks, and profits in any incorporated or unincor- 
porated company, $13,107 ; boats an.l vessels, $15,039 ; all other personal property over $100— $207,564 ; gold and silver 
coin and bank notes in actual possession, $233,371 ; claims for money or other consideration, $470,358 ; annuities, $931 ; 
notes, mortgages, etc., $105,956; miscellaneous property, $90,i09— tol.'d, $22,623,3-34. 

Federal liepr&ientatu/n. — Iowa, in conformity with the law regulating the appcrtioument of members to the United 
States IIousc of Kcprcsentativcs, occupies two seats in that body. 

Rdigiom DenonUnation^. — The sl;itisties of the several religious denominations in 1850 were as follows : 



Dtrnomina- No, of 


Cburch 


Vnliie of 


Denoinina- N 


(, n\ 


Oiiireli 


V.lue of 




Chiircli 


Valus o( 


tirtti*. Cliurcliea 


a.;tom. 


rro|.ftly. 


tions. Ctiu 


i.-Les. 


awjoiii. 


Property. 


tions Cliurclies. 


accom. 


froperly. 


Baptist 10 . 


8,497 . 


$19,.'>50 


Jewish 


— . 


— . 


$- 


Tunker — . 





. $- 


Christian 8 .. 


2,125 . 


6,300 


Lutheran 


4 . 


1,000 . 


6,950 


Union 2 . 


430 . 


. 7,100 


Congregat'l... 14 .. 


4.725 . 


21,550 


Mennonito . . . 


— . 


— . , 





Unitarian — . 







Dutch Kef... — .. 


— . 


— 


Methodist 


50 . 


12,197 . 


43,4,50 


Univcrsalist.. 1 . 


200 . 


. 1,000 


Episcopal 4 .. 


670. 


B,000 


Moravian 


2. 


500 . 


2,200 


Minor Sects . . — . 








Free — . 


, 




Prcsbyt(Ti.an 
K. Catholic... 


"■) 


6,6.)5 . 
3,990 . 


28,350 
23,250 








Friends 6.. 


1,650 . 


6,300 


17. 


Total.... 143 


87,769 


$177,400 


German Kef.. 1 .. 


200 . 


300 


Swedeubor'g 


— . 


— . 


— 









TIic total number of churches in the State is 143, in which is provided aecommotlalion for 37,759 persons, and the value 
of church property is $177,400. Iowa constitutes a diocese of the Protestant Episcopal Church, and is included in the 
Eoman Catholic diocese of Dubuque. 

Education.— K superintendent ot piiUio instruction is chosen by the people for three years. All lands granted by 
Congress to this State, all escheated estates, and such per centage as may be granted by Congress on the sale of the Pub- 
lic Lands in Iowa, constitute a perpetual fund, the interest of which, and the rents of the unsold hands, are applicable to 
the support of common schools. It is tlie duty of the Legislature to provide a school in each school district for at least 
three months in each year; and all moneys reeeivc<I from exemption from military duty and for fines imposed by the 
courU, are appropriated to such schools, or for the establishment of school libraries. The moneys arising from the sale 
or lea.se of public lands granted for the support of a University remain a perpetual fund to maintain such an institution. 
The school fund amounts to about $200,000. 

/.i'jrarif*.— One Sl.-He library, containing 2,500 volumes ; and 4 public school libraries, containing 160 volumes— total 5 
libraries, and 2,660 volumes. 

Piiblio Pr<»».— The public press of Iowa consists of ,32 periodicals and newspapers, of which 24 are devoted to polities 
(12 whig and 12 dcmocr.itic), and S to literature, religion, science, et<'.. One of these is published tri-weekly, and eirou- 
lat« 1,200 copies at each issue ; 28 are weekly issues, with an aggregate circulation of 18.890 copies, and there arc issued 
at other period!!— 1 semi-monthly, and 2 monthly, circulating 4,0.50 copies. The tri-weekly and 3 weekly papers are pub- 
lished at IJurhngton, 4 weeklies at Dubuque, 2 weeklies ami 1 monthly at Mount Plea-sant, 1 weekly at Andrew, 2 at 
Fairfield, 2 at Iowa City, 2 at Fort Ma.lison, 1 at Keokuk, 1 at Wapello, 1 at Oskaloosa. 2 at Muscatine, 2 at Fort Dcs 
Moines, 2 at Davenport, 1 at Keosauqua, 2 at OttHmwa, 1 semi-monthly at Kanesville, and 1 moulhlv at Tipton. 

Imlian Omiom—VMU as late n.s die yctr 13,32, the whole territory norlh of the Slate of Missnu'ri was in undisputed 
poMCMionof the Indians. By a treaty made in ISJO, the Sacs and Foxes, who were then the principal tribes, had ceded 



low 



IRA 



to the ITniled Slates the best of their lands cast of tlie Mississippi KiviT. Tlii-ir unwillinirncss to leave the ceded terri- 
lorv, in compliance with the treaty, led to the "Black Hawk War," which resulu-d iu tlie lolal defeat of the Indians at 
the Battle of (he Bad Axe, in Wisconsin, on the 2d of August, 1832. In llie September followintr. partly as an indemnity 
for the expenses of the war, and partly to secure the future safety and tranquillity of the invaded tVontier. a slip of country 
on the west of the Mississippi, extending nearly 300 miles north of Missouri, and about 00 miles in width (now commonly 
called the Black, Haick purchase), was ceded to the United Stales, and in June, l^oo, the settlement of Iowa by the 
white man was commenced. 

Further jiurehases were made successively in the years 1S3G and 1S37 ; and in 1S42, by a treaty concluded by Governor 
Chambers, an immense tract of land, containing some 15,0(i0,00i> acres, was purehaseil of the Sacs and Foxes for the 
sum of $1,000,000. This tract, known as the "new purchase," now contains sume of the finest counties in the Stale, 
though a large part of it was occupied by the Intlians until October in ls45. 

The rultowattomies, who inhabited the south-western comer of the State, and the Winnebagoes. who occujiio^l the 
" neutral ground," a strip of country on the northern borders, have been peaceably removed within the past few years, and 
the Indian title thus became extinct in the whole country lying within the established limits of the State of Iowa. — ^^arffent 

ITktorlcal Sketch. — Iowa was originally a part of the French province of Louisiana, which was purchased by the 
United States in 1303. The first white settlemcTits were made in 16SG, at Dubu(}ue, by Frenchmen, who built a fort at 
that point and commenced a trade with the Indians, which was the sole dependence of (lie place for more than a century 
and a half. It is here that the great lead mines of the State were first discovered, but at a later jjcriod. The territory 
LOW corapl-isc-d within the State was a part of the Missouri Territory from 1804 to 1S21. but after that was placed suc- 
cessively un<ier the jurisdiction of Michigan and Wisconsin territories. In June, 1S3S, it was erected into the separate 
Territorial Government of Iowa; under which was also included all that portion of the present Territory of Minnesota 
west of the Mississippi Kiver, an<I on the 3d December, 1S4(5. it was admitted into the Union as an independent State. 

lowA City, on the left bank of Iowa River, is the political capital of the State ; previous to May, lt>3'J, Burlington, on 
the Mississippi, was the seat of government. 



Iowa county, la. Situate S. F. centrally, and contains 570 
sq. m. Iowa r. passes E. through the N,, and its branch, 
English r., through the S. Stirtiice rolling; soil fertile, and 
adapted to grain. Good timber on the streams, and some 
prairie between. Farms 70 ; manuf. 2 ; dwell. 143, and 
pop.~wh. 822, fr. col. 0— total 623. Capital: Marengo. 
Fuhlic Works: Council BlufTsE. R. 

Iowa county, Wise. Situate S. W., and contains 752 sq. 
m. Bounded N. l)y Wisconsin r., and tirained N. by its 
affluents, S. by beads of Peckatonica r., a branch of Rock r. 
Surface considerably broken, and inclining N. and E. from 
a ridge or watershed crossing the county ; soil very pr«> 
ductive, with a basis of limestone. The chief wealth con- 
sists in its great mineral deposites ; of these lead and cop- 
per are the principal, and great quantities of them are <Iug. 
Zinc and iron are also found. Farms 47ij; manuf. 24; dwell. 
1.S46, and pop.— wh. 9,502, fr. col. 2S— total 9,530. Capital: 
Mineral Point. Ptdtlic Works : Milwaukie and Misaisaippi 
11. Pv., and Mineral Point R. R. 

Iowa, p. v.. Perry co., JIK : on a branch of Little Muddy 
cr., 129 m. S. by E. Springfield. 

Iowa Citt, p. v., and cap. Johnson co., Fa., and cap. of the 
Stite of Iowa : on the E. bank of Iowa r., 52 m. from the 
Mississippi r., 63 m. from Burlington, 51 m. from Davenport, 
and 7t* m. from Dubuque — from Washington, D. C, 1,4S5 m. 
The river is navigable to this place at all stages of the 
water, and regular steamboats from the Mississippi ascend 
it daily. The surface consists of a successiim of plateaux 
rising from the margin of the r., the first plain, about 100 
yards wide, being devoted to a public promenade ; the sec- 
ond plateaux is about 12 feet, and the third about 30 feet 
above the promenade, and on these Iho city is built. The 
principal avenues run along the brows of these eminences, 
and are intersected centrally by Iowa Avenue, a magnifi- 
cent street, on which stands the State House, an elegant 
building of bird's-eye marble, a richly variegated species of 
limestone; it is 100 feet long and 60 feet wide, and is juilt 
in the Greco-doric style, surmounted by a dome resting on 
22 Corinthian columns. The avenues are 1(50 feet wide. 
Iowa City, as the capital of a wealthy State, is well situated, 
being easy of access from all points, and is capable of every 
epecies of improvement for manufacturing, mechanical oper- 
ations, trade, and commerce. Already it is being made the 
centre of communication from all the principal ports of Ihe 
Mississippi toward Council Bluffs and the Pacific — in which 
direction railroads will soon be built. Above the city the 
river affords immense water-power, and has been improved 
by the erection of several exteiiaiTe mills. It is the seat of 



a U. S. land office; and here, also, is an elegant county 
court-house, a jail, several substantial church buildings, 
and here will be located the State University recently char- 
tered by the General Assembly of the State. The news- 
pai)ers published here are the " Iowa Republican" (whig), 
and the '■ Iowa Capital Reporter" (dem.), both weekly issues. 
The site of the city previous to l>:i9 was iu the wilderness: 
in that year it was selected by the legislature as the seat of 
govemmenU Pop. 2,'2G2. 

Iowa river, /(/. ; a considerable affluent of the MississippL 
It rises in Hancock county, and passes in an E. S. E. and 
E. direction tliroiigh Fvauklih, Hardin, M.irshall, Tama, 
Iowa, and Johnson counties, in the latter of which it sud- 
denly turns lollie S., and on enti^-ing Louisa county, again 
changes its direcliou S. E., and disembogues into the Mis- 
sissippi by two mouths, forming a delta, the sides of which 
are about six miles m length; Ibe upper fork is the main 
stream, and empties opposite Edward's r. of Illinois, and 
the other, called the Iowa Slough, is the lower fork. The 
river is navigable for light draft steamers at all seasons, and 
for boats nmch farther \\\\ Its whole length is 300 miles. 
Red Ce*kir r., its main branch, enters at Fredonia, and at 
certain seasons is navigai)Ie for kee l-boata 100 miles from its 
moutli. The Iowa is a fine clear stream, and affords in its 
course innumerable mill seals and eligible city sites. 

lowAviLLE, p. v., Van Iluren county, la. : on the N. 
side of Des Moines r., Gl m. S. S. W. Iowa City. It has 
several large stores, 3 mills, 50 houses, and about 300 in- 
habitanla. 

Irswicn, t., p. v., and cap. Essex co., 3fngfi. : on Ipswich 
r., 25 m. N. N. E. Boston. The t. has an uneven surface 
and a productive soil. The v. lies on both sides of Ihe r., 
which is passed by a stone bridge, 2 m. from its mouth. It 
has a court-house, jail, a noted female seminary, a bank, 
several commercial houses, and about 1,000 inhabitants. On 
the r., just above, are large factories. The r. is navigable, 
and the port had in 1S50, 573 tons shipping, mostly in the 
coasting trade. The Eastern R. R. pai^es through the v. 25 
m. from Boston. The '* Ip.swich Clarion," a semi-monthly 
literary, is published here. Pop. of t. 3.349. 

IiiA, t, and p. v., St. Cla'r county, Mich. : 93 m. E. by S. 
Lansing. It lies on the N. shore of Lake St. Clair, and is 
drained by Swan and Lautries rivers. Soil fertile, and sur- 
face undulating, and well covered with pine timber. Pop. 
of t. 597. 

Ira, t. and p. v., Cayuga CO., K Y. : 141 m. W. N". W. 
Albany. Little Sodue cr. touches the N., but Ihe streams 
are small. Surface* level, and soil very fertile. Farming is 

S2o 



IRA 



ISL 



the chiff pursuit. The v. has a hotel and several stores, 
Top. of t, 2,110. 

Ira, L iiu<l p. v., Butland co., Verm, : on Ca^tlcton r., W 
m. S. S. W. MoiilptliiT. The l. is rough and flllei' fur graz- 
ing. Tho T. liHs a church. '2 or 3 stores, and 20 houses. 
'J'he Tmy, Whilihull, and CasUelon K. K. crosses the N. 
of the town. Top. of t. 40T. 

iRASituKoii, U, p. v., and cap. Orleans co., Verm. : 42 m. 
N. N. W. Monipclier, Surface of the- (. g( ully broken, and 
»oil pr»nluctive. Druiu*d (>y Black r., which flows into 
IMm Mciuphremnp>g. The v. is ou the river, ami con- 
tains a court-house, jail, 2 stores, and a few houses. The 
" Orleans Gazetu.-" (whig), is published here weekly. Pop. 
of U 1 ,UU. 

Uixxn-LL county, A' Car. Situate W. centrally, and con- 
tains CSJ »q. m. Itounded S. W. by Catawba r.. a hcatl of 
Santee r., and drained N. and K. by numerous affluent of 
Yadkin r. Surface broken and hilly, alfurdiiig excellent 
water-power; soil very productive of wheat, com, and 
cotton, which are the leading staples, and furnishes fine 
pualurage. It has some good limber. Farms 1,0110 ; manuf. 
aa, dwell. 1,SS4, and pop.— wh. 10,547, fr. col. SO, si. 4,142 
—total H.Tiy. CapiUd: tttaleaville. 

IBKl„i^■D, p. o., Ilampdcu co., Ma^s.: S2 m. W. by S. 
Boslou. 

Ieblam>, p. o., Lewis county, Virg. : 159 m. W. N. "W. 
Richmond. 
luKLANiJ CoRNMtcs, p. 0., AlV>any co., y. Y. 
Ikl^u Gkove, p. o., Atchison CO., Jlo.: 214 m. N. "W. 
Jeffersun Ciiy. 

liuaii ItipPLK, p. c, Lawrence county, Pemi.: ISO m. 
W. N. W. llarrisbnrg. 

ItoN county, Utah Tsr. Situate S., stretching K. and TT. 
across tiie Territory between latitudes 3P 30' and 35° 30'. 
Surface rnucli varind, and where best known, well wooded 
snd alxmnding in bituminous coal, salt, and gypsum. 
FwTttS 54 ; mauuf. 2 ; dwell. 86, and iioj).- wh, 300, fr. col. 

a— total 360. Ciipitai: — • 

Ieon CaKBK, p. o., Washtenaw co., Mich, : 43 m. S. E. 
Lfmscug. 

iBOKi'Ki^iroiT, t, and p. v., Wonroe co., IT. T. : 1S9 in. 
W. N. \V. Albany. Genesee r. bounds it on the W., Lake 
Ontario N., and W. Irondequoit Bay. Surface level, with 
Band-hills in the K.,and soil pnxluctive, It has some com- 
merce, and is a resort for Ilshing. Top. 2,^)97. 

Ieondequoit bay, MonrtH* co., JV". >'. .• an arm of Lake 
Ontario, 6 m. deep and 1 in. wide. A creek of the same 
name, which aflV.rds numerous mill-silcs. falU* into the bay. 
Fi.sh of various descriptions are Ijiken here in abundance. 
Iron Fuenace, p. o,, Soiolo co., Ohio: S3 m. S. by E. 
Coluinbua. 

Ibon .Mofntain, p. o., St. Francis co., 3fo. : 9S m. S. E. 
Jefferson City. Thu celebraied Iron Mountain lies on the 
E. extreme of tlie Ozark .Mountjuiis, is li m. b.ng, 1 m. 
broad, and 444 feet high. The top is solid ore, a micaceous 
oxide of iron of superior quality, yielding 60 per cent, of 
niL-Ul, and in the crude state is used to manufacture edge 
tools. The amount that may be made is immense, and is 
soon lo be brouglii into imiverscJ use by a railroad from 
St. Louis. 

luoM UiDGK, p. v., Dodgo CO., Wise : 51 m. N. E. by E. 
Madison. 

IfioK nis, p. v., Lawrence co., Ohio : on the Ohio r., near 
UiD mouth of Stormes' cr., 97 m. S. S. E. Cohnnbus. It is 
a Bne little tIUukc of rapid growth, the terminus of the Iron 
K. R., and the shippinjj port for the iron of a rich and ex- 
tensive mining region. It bus a Hne dcp6t, scver.il large 
stores and warehouses, and a largo trade. The '-Ironlon 
Kegisu-r" (neutral), is pHldished hero weekly. 

iKoNwoon Blcw, p. 0., Itawamba countv, Mi^s. : 179 m. 
N. N. E. Jackson. 

iKOQuoie county, III Situate K. E., and contains 1.39S 
eq, m. nrained by Sugar cr., Iroquois r., aud other br.-inches 
82G 



of Kankakee r., which flows on its N. border, and soon into 

the Illinois. Surface mostly low and level, with many 

swamps and marshes, and some prairie ; s(tlls usually pro- 
ductive, raising good crops of corn, aud feeding numbers 

of cattle and swine. Farms 3SI ; manuf ; dwell. 71&, 

and pop.— wh. 4,072, fr. coL 7T— total 4,149. Capital: 
Middleport, 

Inoguois, p. v., Iroquois co., Ili. : on the Iroquois r., 131 
m. E. N. E. Springfleld. It contains a large hotel, several 
fine stores, and two mills. 

Ibville, p. v., Muskingum co., Ohio: about 2 m. from 
the Ohio Canal. 45 m. E. by N. Columbus. It has sei-eral 
stores, and 20<l inhabitants. 

Irvine, p. v., and cap. Estill co., Ay. ; on the X. side of 
Kentucky r., 57 m. S. E. Frankfort It has a fine loca- 
tion, and contains the court-house, jail, etc, about 40 dwell- 
ings, and 300 inhabilauts. 

IitviNE, p. o., Warren county, Perni-.: ITl m. N. W. 
Harrisburg. 

Iuvlne's Store, p. c, Weakly co., Tenn. : 92 m. W. by N. 
Nashville. 

Ikvixg, p. v., Chautauque co., 2k\ T. : on Lake Erie, at 
tho mouth of Cattaraugus cr., 205 m. W. by S. Albany. It 
has a g<x>d landing, and several sti^res and dwellings. 

Irving, p. o., Barry co., Mich,: 44 m. W. by S. Lansing. 

Irving College, p. o., Warren co., Tenn.: 53 m. S. E. 
Nashville. 

Irwin count)', Git. Situate S. centrally, and contains 
2.064 sq. m. Drained by OcmuJgee r., its N. E. line, and 
heads of Santilla (or St. lUa) r., streams flowing into the 
Atlantic, and Little r. New r., Allapahaw r., aud their 
branches, heads of Suwauee r., emptying into the Gulf 
Surface diversified, with no great elevations, and much low 
land ; soil productive of the grains, on which many cattle 
and hogs are raised, and cotton. Timber is abundant, pine 
particularly. Farms 414; manuf. 0; dwell. 44S, and pt)p.— 
wh. 2,8S3, fr. col. 1, si. 45t>— total 3,334. Capital: Irwins- 
ville. Public Worses : Savannah and Pensacola E. li. 

Irwin's Cross Koads, p. o., Washington co., Ga.: 26 m. 
S. E. Miliedgeville. 

lawiNsviLt^, p. T., and cap. Irwin co., Oa. : about 3 m. 
E. Allapahaw r., 102 m. S. by W. Miliedgeville. It has 
a court-house, jail, etc., a few stores, and 20 dwellings. 

Ikwinton, p. v., and cap. Wilkinson co., Ga.: atwut 6m. 
W. Oconee r., 19 ra. S. Miliedgeville. It has a court-house, 
jail, academy, three churches, and 160 inhabitants. 

IsAHET-LA county, Mich. Situate centrally on Lower 
Peninsula, and contains 576 sq. m. Drained by Salt, Chip- 
pewa, and Pine rivers, affluents of the Saginaw. A new 
county, unorganized in 1S50. 

IscuuA river, iV. }'. ; an aflliient of Oil cr., from Cattar- 
augus CO., and which, through that river, empties into the 
Alleghany at Oh-nn. 

IsLA-.D O.EEK, t. and p. o., Jefferson co,, Ohio : on tU© 
Ohio r., 12G m. E. N. E. Columbus. Drained by Island 
er. Surface uneven, and soil very fertile, and excellent 
gniziiig. Wool is largely grown. Pop. 1,937. 

Island Foeo, p. o., i.*utherford county, ^. Car. : 202 ra. 
W. by S. Raleigh. 

Island Grove, sta., Morgan co., III. : on the Sangamon 
and Morgan R. P.., 19 m. from Springfield. 

Ipleait Chaib, ^^. y.: an island of the St Lawrence, of 
which there is another on the British side of the same 
name, between which the dividing lino of the two countries 
passes. The one ou the American aide of the line belongs 
to the t of Louisville, St. Lawrence co. 

LsLE Au Gallop, N. >'.; an island of the St. Lawrence, 
and a part of tho t. of Lisbon, in St. Lawrence co. 

Isle au Rapid, an island of St. Lawrence r., in the t of 
Matlrid, St. Lawrence co. 

IsLEBOEouttU, t. and p. v., Waldo co., 3fe. : in Penobscot 
Bay, 47 m. E. Augusta. It is composed of a large, and 
several small islands near it, which have a fertile soil, with 



ISL 



IZA 



0ne harbors, much frequented by fishermen and coasters. 
l'"ishingr 13 the chief pursuit. Pop. of I. 9S4. 

Isle Biirville, p. o., Natchitoches par., La. : 1139 m. N.W. 
Baton Kouge. 

Isle of Shoals; a cluster of islands in the Atlantic. 8 m. 
from I'ortsmoulh llarbor, and called Hog, Duck, Star, 
Smutty Nose, Londoner, White, and Malaga. They consti- 
tute the t. of Gosport, and are chiefly composed of rocks. 
Several of the islands have been connected with each other 
by sea walls, and their harbors otherwise improved. Tho 
iidiabilanis are fishermen, and besides supplying the Ports- 
mouth market, salt large quantities lor export. Pop. 103. 

Isle os" Wight c^^unty, Virg. Situate S. E., and contains 
852 sq. m. Bounded W. by Black r., a head of Chowan r., 
and N. E. by James r. Surlaoe various, with some good 
mill seats ; soil mostly fertile. Corn is the staple. Sweet 
polat«x-s are nnich grown, and many hogs fattened. It has 
fine peach orchards, and its poach brandy is much nfited. 
Farms 629; manuf. 13; dwell. 1.2U0, and pop.— wh. 4.724, 
fr. col. 1.2^:54, si. 3.395— total 1»,35;3. OipitaZ : SmithflL-ld. 
Public Worl-^ : Norfolk and Petersburg E. K. ; Seaboard 
and Koanoke U. li. 

IsLip. t. .and p. v., Suffolk co., K T. : on the Atlantic, 129 
m. S. S. E. AJbany. The surface is level, and soil sandy 
and mostly produetiv'e,witli few streams. The v. contains two 
churchea, and several stores and dwellings. Pop. of t.'2.602. 

IsNET, p. 0., Choctaw county, Ala.: 122 m. W. by S. 
Montgomery. 

IsoRS'8 Stobe, p. 0., Maury co., Tetut.: 83 m. S. S. W. 
Nashville, 

Ispahan, p, c, Fayette county, Teniu: 163 m. S. "W. 
Naslivillc. 

Israel's river, Coos co., J^. Ramp. : a noted tributary 
of the Connecticut r., firmed by the casca<lps and falls from 
the sunmiit of ML Adams and Mt. Jeiferson, ami meeting 
llio Connecticut at Lancaster. It is a beautiful stream, and 
along its banks is much iiicturesque scenery. 

IssAguENA county, Mi'is. Situate W. centrally, and con- 
tains 9tI4 sq. m. Yazoo r. is on its E. bonier, ami the Mis- 
sissippi its W. boundary ; between these are Sunflower r., 
Williams bayou, and other streams. Surface low and even ; 
soil highly productive. Cotton is the staple. Farms 75; 
manuf. ; dwell. 110, and poi>— wh. 366, fr. col. 7, si. 4,105— 
total 4,47S. CapiUil: TaUula. 

Italy IIill, p. o., Yates co., K Y. : 173 m. W. Albany. 

Italy Hollow, p. o., Yates county, iV'. Y. : 176 m. W. 
Albany. 

Itasca county, Minn. Situate N. E. part of the Territory, 
and extent not ascertJiiiied. It lies on the N. line of llie 
U. S., and has on the N. a chain of lakes and rivers, extend- 
ing from Lake of the Woods to Lake Superior, the last 
forming its E. boundary. It is bounded 8. by P.amsey and 
Washington counties, and W. by the Mississii»[»i r. and 
Pt-mbina co. It embraces a largo territory, liardly sellkd 
at all by white men, and little known. excej)t by hunlers 
and the natives, between whom a lively trade is kept up in 
furs, the only important product of the or). Many streams 
afford fine fishing and facilitate travel, most of which liavc 
one or more lakes emptying into iheni. The largest of 
these are Mississippi r. and its lakes, ('ass, and Winnibigos- 
hish. Flowing E. mU^ Lake Superior are Embarras r, 
East Swan r., Second Embarras r., and Cloquet r.. branches 
of Sl Louis r.— a large stream—Knife r.. Gooseberry r.. Bap- 
tism r.,elc. Farms 36; manuf. 0; dwell. 28, and po]).—wh. 97. 

Itasca Lake, Min n. Ter. : a small lake, the source of the 
head stream of the Mississippi r. Lat. 47° 10' N., and long. 
950 M' W.— 3,160 DL above the Gulf of Mexico. It is a 
beautiful lake, lying among the hills, surrounded by pines. 
1 13 outlet is 10 or 12 feet wide, and from 12 to IS inches 
deep. It was discovered by Schwdcrafl, July 13, 1S32. 

Itawamba county, MUs. Situate N. E., and contains 
94S sq. m. Drauicd by several head streams of Tombigbee r. 
Surface level or undutatiug; soil mostly very productive. 



Cotton is the staple, and corn but lillle inferior in ita yield. 
Farms 1,499 ; manuf. 6 ; dwt-lL 1,S62, and pop.— wh. 11.395. 
(V. col. 6, si. 2.127— total 13.528. Capital: Fulton. Public 
M'ltrA-.'i: Mobile and Ohio 11. E, 

Ituaoa, t., p. v., and cap. Tompkins co., 2^. Y, : 134 m. 
W. Albany. ■ Drained by Fall, SLx Mile, an'l Cascadilla 
creeks, whit-h full into Cayuga Lake. The v. is situated on 
a plain, IJ m. S. of the lake, and on both sides of Cayuga 
inlet, whiili is navigable for large canal boats. The alluvial 
flat, on which the city is cliiefly located, is inclised on 
three sides by hills, which rise gradually to the height of 
500 feet, and a part of the v. lies on the hill overlookiug 
the beautiful lake in its front. The streets are at right 
angles, forming square blocks ; its buildings are usually neat 
and commodious, and most of the tiiorough fares are orna- 
mented with shade trees. In available hydraulic power 
applicable t»> manufactures Ithaca is second to no other vil- 
lage in the SLate, aud it is already engaged largely in indus- 
trial pursuits. The streams before named, in descending 
fri.m the hills, have numerous falls. Fall cr. descends 4^i3 
feet in the course of a mile, having three successive falls of 
70, 50, and 116 feet, llio latter a grand caU'iraet, and in an 
unbroken sheet, and other falls in the vicinity of the place 
are almost co-equal in extent and grandeur with these. The 
maTiufacturts of the jilace comprise extensive cotton and 
woolen mills, flouring mills, iron works, machine shops, 
plaster mills, paper mills, and a variety of other industrial 
establishments. Its commercial advantages are also great. 
SoutJiward the Cayuga and Susquehanna It. K. gives it 
access to the iron and coal fields of Pennsylvania, and at 
Owego it unites with the New York and Erie K. It., forming 
a direct roilto to New York City; and Xortliward through 
Cayuga Lake and Senwa Canid it communicates with the 
Erie Canal and the central chain of railroads extending 
between Albany and Bullalo. The principal c-'iports south 
are plaster, flour, etc., which are exchanged for the coal, 
iron, etc., of that region. Ithaca has two newspapers, the 
'*I. Chronicle" (whig), issued daily and weekly, and the 
'' I. Journal" (dem.), issued weekly. The v. was planned in 
ISOO by Simeon De Witt, and in 1S21 it was incorporated. 
Pop. in 1830,3,324; in 1S40, 5,650 ; and in 1S50, 6.909. 

Ithaca, p. 0., iJarkc county, Ohio: 87 m. W. N, W. 
Columbus. 

Ive's, slji., Hampden t. New Haven co., Cottn.: on the 
New Haven and Norlhamptoii K. E., 7 m. from New Ilaveu. 

Ive's Gaol's, p. v., Kacine co.. Wise: 79 m. E. S. E. 
Madison. A plank road passes W. through this village 11 
m. from Pacine. 

IvF.'s Store, p. o., Princess Anno eo., Vir(/. : 94 m. S. E. 
Bichmoud. 

Ivy, p. o., Yancey co., A*! Car. : 20C m. W. Ealeigh. 

Ivy Island, p. o., Edgefield dist., *S'. Cktr. : 78 m. W. 3. W, 
Culumbia. 

IvY Lo<^i, p. v.. Union county, Ga.: 147 m. N. N. W. 
Millcdgrville. 

Ivy Mills, p. v., Delaware co., renn.: S3 m. E. by S. 
Ilarrisburg. 

IsoMA, t. aud p. v., Jefferson co., TH-so. ; on Kock r., 41 
m. E. by N. Mailison. The t. ha.s a rolling surface, well 
timbered, and fine wattr-power. The soil is vcr>- rich, with 
prime grass lands. Tlie v. lies on the left bank of Bock r., 
aii'l contains several stores and mills, and about 2'*ii inhab- 
ilanls. The plank road from Milwaukee to Madison passes 
through the town. Pop. of 1. 1,113. 

IzAP.D county, Jj-X: Situate N. centrally, and contains 
S41 sq. m. Drained by White r., which runs through the 
county from N. W. to S. E., and its branched Pine cr., 
Buffalo fork, etc. Surface somewhat elevated, but pretty 
even ; soil very fertile and excellent for grass and grain. 
The pine is very abundant. Cattle and swine are raised in 
largo numbers. Farms 832 ; m:muf. 7 ; dwell. 496, and 
j»,,p,-_\vh. 3,017, Ir. coL 0, sL 196— total 8,213. Capital: 
Athens. 

82T 



JAC 



JAC 



J. 

Jacinto, p. v., and cap. Tishcmintro co., Mi^. : 191 ni. 
N. N. K. Jackson. It contains a courl-h<»iiM-, jail, etc., sev- 
eral stores antl shops, and about 150 inhabitants. The 
" North Mississippi Union," a weekly paper, is published 
\n Ihid village, 

Jacksbop.ougii, p. v., and cap. Campbell co., Tenn.: 14S 
ni. E. by N. Nashville. It has ft court-house, jail, a few 
alorcs and dwellinjfs, and 100 inhabitants. 

Jack's Chehk, p. o., Henderson county, Tenn.: 102 na. 
W. S. "W. Nashville. 

Jack's Foi:k8, p. o., Texas co.. Mo. : on a branch of Cur- 
rent r. so called, 106 m. S. S. K. Jeffer-'^on City. 

Jaokbon county, Ala. Situate N. K., and contains 1,037 
eq. m. Ti-nnossee r. runs S. W. through the E. part, aud 
Raccoon cr. and other branches drain iL Surface various, 
with considerable low land; soil very fertiie. Cotton and 
com are Iho great staples. Wheat ;;rows well, and many 
hogs arc rait>ed. Farms B56 ; manuf. 4 ; dwell. 2,000, and 
pop.— wh. 11,750, fr. col. 4(i, si. 2,2it2— total 14,083. Cup- 
iUd: Beltefonte. PitbUc Works : Memphis aud Charleston 
K. E, ; Nashville and Chattanooga li. K. 

Jackson county, Ark. Situate N. E., and contaiua 67!) 
sq. m. It lies Ijelwcen Big Black and ^Yhite rivers on the 
W., and Cache r., a branch of White r., on the E. Surface 
mosliy undulating or level ; soil fine and well adapted to 
grazing. Corn is the staple, and large numbers of cattle 
and swine are raised. It has a great deal of excellent ash 
and cypress timber on its streams. Farms 233 ; manuf. 4; 
dwell. 417, and pop.— wh. 2,517, fr. col. 6, sL 5G3— total 
8,0SC. CapiUd : Elizabeth. 

Jackson county, Flor. Situ.ite N. W., and contains 929 
eq. m. Appalaehicola r. forms its E. boundary, and Chipola 
r., a branch of it, with' ita allluents, drains it. Surface lerel, 
with slight hills; soil generally fertile, on the streams very 
rich. Cnitou is the great stiiplc. Corn and wheat are good 
crops, and many cattle and swine are kept. Farms 2S7; 
manuf. 0; dwt^U. 5G0, and pop. — wh. 3,075, fr. col. SO, si. 
gjSat—lotal 6,W9. C<ijntal : Mariana. 

Jackson county, Ga. Situate N. E. centrally, and con- 
tains 523 aq. m. Drained by North an<l Allen's forks aud 
Appalache« r., head Rtreams of Oconee r. Surface broken 
and elevated, with good meadows and water-power; soil 
fertile, and well adapted to grass. Cotton grows well. 
Farms 547 ; manuf. 6 ; dwell. 1,200, and pop.— wh. 6,803, 
fr. col. lt>, si. 2.1)11— total 9,763. CaplUil: Jefferson. 

Jackson county. III. Situate S. "W., and contains B?3 
pq. m. Draiiurd by branches of Big Muddy r., a navigable 
stream crossing it S. W. to the Mississippi, which is ita S.W. 
boundary. Surface rolling or slightly broken, with much 
timber and some prairie and swamp land ; soil very fertile, 
with excellent grazing. On Big Muddy r. are salt springs 
and immense deposits of coal. Copper is found. Farms 
604; manuf. 23; dwell. 1,033, and pop.— wh. 5.S29, fr. col. 
33— total 5,802. Capital: Murphysboro'. riiblic Works: 
Illinois Central R. K. 

Jackson county, Ind. Situate S. contmlly, and contains 
624 aq. m. Drained by Driftwood, "While, Salt, and Mus- 
calaluck creeks, all line mill streams. Surface level or un- 
dulating, with some "knobs" in the N. The bottoms are 
large and rich, and the soil generally sandy clay. Most of 
the county is well timbered. All the grains yield great 
crops, and mueh beef and pork is fattened. Indian mounds 
arc found In the N. Farms 1,173; manuf. IS; dwell. 1.0G5, 
aud pop.— wh. 10,Ki7, ft-, col. 210— total 11,047. Ckipital: 
Browustown. PtihlUi Works: Jcffer^onville R, R. 

Jackson county, la. Situate E., and contains 643 sq. m. 
Drained by Macoquetais r. and its branches, aflluenia of 
the Mississippi, its E. boundary. Surface diversified, in 
parts brokv-n ; soil good and well timbered, producing the 
cereals in abundance. Th'ia county ia rich in minerals. It 



lies opposite the Galena lead district, and is abundantly 
supplied with lead, iron ore, copper, zinc, and gypsum. 
Fanna 703; manuf, 10; dwell. 1,277, aud pop.— wh. 7,201, 
fr. col. 9— total 7,210. C<ipiUil: Andrew. 

Jackson parish. La. Situate N. centrally, and contains 
927 sq. m. Drained by Dugdemona r. and branches W., 
aud E. by branches of Wachila r., all affluents of lied r. 
Surface undulating, and covered mostly with a heavy 
growth of oak, hickory, sass.afras, and poplar; soil on the 
river bottoms very fertile, and well adapted to cotton, which 
is the staple production. Farms 290 ; manuf. 6; dwell. 622, 
and pop.— wh. 8,40G, fr, col. 2, sL 2,153— total 5,560. Cap- 
ital: Vernon. 

Jaci^bon county, ^fich. Situate S. centrally, and con- 
tains 720 sq. m. Drained N. and W. by Portage r., a head 
of Grand r., aud heads of Kalamazoo r., both flowing into 
Lake Michigan, and S. E. by heads of Raisin r., flowing 
into Lake Erie. Surface undulating, with few hiils; soil a 
rich, sandy loam, bearing great grain crops and grass. It 
has good water-power, abundance of limestone and m,irl, 
flue building stone, aud some coal. Farms 2,250; manuf. 
95; ilweU. 3,: io, aud pop.— wh. 19.316, fr. col. So— total 
19,431. CuplUil: Jackson, Fuhlio Works: Michigan 
Central E. E. 

Jackson county. Miss. Situate S. on the Gulf, and con- 
tains 1,243 sq. m. Drained by numerous branches of Pas- 
cagoula r., which crosses it from K. to S., :md empties into 
Pascagoula Bay. Surface level and much of it wooded 
with pine ; soil of moderate fertility. Corn is the staple, 
and many cattle and swine are raised. Farms 212 ; manuf. 
S; dwell. 440, and pop.— wh. 2,273, fr. coL 100, si. 625— 
total 3.198. Capital: Jackson C. II. 

Jackson county, Mo. Situate W., and contains 789 sq. m. 
Drained by Big and Little Blue rivers, afllucnLs of the Mis- 
souri, its N. boundary. Surface elevated and somewhat 
undulating; soil excellent, particularly for grain and grass. 
Com is tlie agricultural staple. Large numbers of cattle, 
hogs, and sheep are raised on ita fine pastures and abund- 
ant mast. It is well timbered and has good water-power. 
Farms 9S6; manuf. 73; dwell. 1,719. and pop.— wh. 10,992, 
fr. eol. 39, si. 2,969— total 14.000. Capital : Independence. 
Pnhlic Works : Pacific E. K. 

Jackson count)', JV. Car, Situate S. W., and contains 
834 »i\. m. Drained by Tuekassege r., a head of the Ten- 
nessee r., aud its affluents. Surface broken and mountain- 
ous. Soil very productive, yielding large eroj)3 of all the 
grains, and affording excellent pasture. Corn aud pork 
are staples. Erected since 1850. 

Jackson county, OJdo. Situate 8., and contains 384 
sq. m. Drained by Raccoon and Symmcs creeks, and Lit- 
tle Scioto, affluents of Ohio r., and Salt cr., a branch of 
Scioto r. Surface somewhat broken, and soils highly pro- 
ductive of the grains and grass. Coal and iron ore are 
abundant. Corn, wheat, wool, and pork are farming sta- 
ples. Farms 1,164; manuf. 14; dwell. 2,120, and pop. — 
wh. 12,330, fr. col. 391- total 12,721. Capital: Jackson. 
Puhlic Works: Cincinnati, llUlsboro*, and Parkersburg 
R. R. ; Scioto and Hocking Valley R. E. 

Jackson county, Te7i7i. Situate N. centrally, and con- 
tains 369 eq. m. Drained by small afiluenfs of Cumber- 
land r., which crosses it from N. E. to S. "W., and is boalable 
at all seasons. Surface diversified, but not rough, with 
some water-power ; soils fine. Tobacco and all (he grains 
grow well, and many sheep and swino are raised. Farms 
1,211 ; manuf. 4; dwell. 2,825, and pop.— wh. 14,0(H), fr, col. 
115, si. 1,553— total 15.673. Capital: Gainosboro'. 

Jackson county, Tixr. Situate 8, near the Gulf, and 
contjiins SS4 sq. m. Drained by Arenosa bayou W., Oar- 
ancua bayou E., but mostly by Lavacca and Navid.id rivers, 
which are navigable for vessels of light drafl, and their 
branches. Surface a rolling prairie, wholly destitute of 
stone. The streams are lint;*! with forests, the rest of the 
county is open; soil a deep black mold lying over red 



loam, and very rich. Com ami cotton jneld enormously, 
and most esculents flourish. Indigo is raised abundantly. 
Cattle are an important staple, requiring little attention, and 
grazing on the prairies the year round. Farms T.3; manuf. 
0; dwell. 114, and pop.— wh. 627, fr. col. 30, 8l. 389— total 
996. Capitid: Texana. 

Jaokson county, Tlrg. Situalo N. W., and contains 412 
eq. m. Drained E. by branches of Littlo Kanawha r., and 
W. by Big Mid, Big and Littlo Sandy creelis, affluents of 
Ohio r., which bounds it N. W. Surface varied, with good 
miU seats; soil very good, adapted to grain growing and 
grazing. Com, wheat, and pork are staples. Farms C(1'2 ; 
manuf. 16; dweU. 1,0:34, and pop.— wh. 6,4S0, fr. col. 11, si. 
63— total 6,544. Capital : F.ipley (.Jackson C. II.) 

Jackson, p. v., Clarke co., Ala,: on the left bank of 
Tombigbec r., 113 m. S. W. by W. Montgomery. 

Jackson, p. v., Stephenson co.. Ill,: on a branch of 
Peckatonica r., 171 m. N. Springfield. 

Jackson, p. v., and cap. Butts Co., Ga. : 46 m. W. N. Vf. 
Millcdgeville. It lies about 8 m. W. of Oemulgee r., and 
contains a court-house, jail, an academy, several churches 
and st^ires, and about 200 inhabitants. 

Jaokson, p. o., Elkhart county, fnd. : 87 m. N. by E. 
Indianapolis. 

Jackson, p. v., and cap. Breathitt CO., A'l/. .■ on the N. 
fork of Kentucky r., 92 m. E. S. E. Frankfort. It is a ].retly 
village, contaiinng the county buildings, and has valuable 
salt works in the vicinity. 

jACEiON, p. v., and cap. East Feliciana par., La, : on the 
E. side of Thompson's cr., 26 m. N. Baton Eouge. Here 
is located Centenary College, founded in 1639, with 7 in- 
structors, 40 alumni, 94 students, and 6,000 volumes in its 
library. The v. contains the court-house, several stores, 
and about 1,000 inhabitants. 

Jackson, t. and p. v., Waldo CO., Me. : on a branch of 
Marsh r., 37 m. N. E. Augusta. It has a fine sod, produ- 
cing superior wheat. Pop. of t. 83;5. 

Jackson, t., p. v., and cap. -Jackson CO., JificTi, : on Grand 
r., 82 m, S. by E. Lansing. The t. is drained by Grand and 
Portage rivers, affording excellent water-power, and has a 
rich soil adapted to grass or'gr.iin. Coal and abundance 
of white sandstone and limestone are found. The v. is on 
Grand r., where the falls furnish abundant water-power, 
and is extensively engaged in manufactures of Ilour, leather, 
iron ware, machinery, etc. It contains a court-house, jail, 
the State penitentiary, a branch of the university, and 
several banks. Its situation and facilities for transporUition 
and travel give it a large trade witii the inferior and the 
East. The Michigan Central P.. K. passes through the v. 
7G m. (Voni Detroit. Two newspapers, the " American Cit- 
izen" (whig), and the "Jackson Patriot" (dem.), are pub- 
Ushed weekly. Pop. of t. 4,147. 

Jackson, p. v., and cap. Hinds co., 3fiss,, and capital of 
the State of Mississippi; on the W. bank of Pearl r., in lat. 
820 23' N., and long. 90° 08' W.— 1,0:35 m. W. S. W. W.a.sli- 
ington. The site is level, and altout a quarter of a mile 
from the river. The v., regularly laid off, contains a hand- 
some State house, the governor's house, the State peniten- 
tiary, a U. S'r'land office, etc., several mechanic shops, about 
40 stores of various descriptions, and 1,ST2 inhabitants. 
Three newspapers are published here, viz., the "Missi.ssip- 
pian" (dem.), the "Flag of the Union" (whig), and the 
"Uinds Gazette" (whig), all weekly issues. The Vicks- 
burg, Jackson, and Brandon R. R. passes throngli Jack- 
Bon, as will also the New Orleans, Jackson, and Korthern 
E. R., etc, 

Jaokson C. H., p. v., and cap. Jackson CO., 3fi^. : on 
Cedar cr., near Pascagoula r., 139 m. S. E. Jackson. It 
contains a court-house, jail, hotel, and a few housee. 

.Jackson, L and p. v., Washington CO., A'", Y, : on S. 
Bide of Batten ITdl, 86 m. N. N. E. Albany. The t. has a 
varicil surfaee, a soil of ni'^xlcrate fertility, and eonsiderablo 
water-power. The PvUtiand and Washington E. R. crosses 



JAC 

the E. part. The v. contains an academy, several stores, 
and 300 mhabitants. Pop. of t. 2,129. 

Jackson, p. v., and cap. Cape Gu"ardeau Co., Mo, : on 
nubl)C3' cr. of Whitewater r., 12 m. from the Mify^issippi, 
162 m. S. E. by E. Jefferson City. It cuiiiaiiis a court-iiouse, " 
jail, etc., a U. S. land office, and about 600 iuhabitauts. The 
" Southern Democrat" is published weekly. 

Jaokson, t. and p. v., Coos co., Al I/amp. : at the E. b:ise 
of White Mountains, 61 m. N. N. E. Concord. Drained l)y 
Ellis's r., a branch of Saco r., affording water-power. Sm'- 
faec very rugged ; soil good. The v. lies near the E. brauch 
of Ellis's r. Pop. of t, 6S9. 

Jackson, p. v., and cap. Northampton CO., A*; Car, : about 
5 m. N. Roanoke r., 84 m. N. E. Raleigh. It contains tlic 
court-house, and a few stores and dwellings. 

Jackson, t, Jackson co., Oliio: 56 m. 8. S. E. Columbus. 
A line grazing town. Drained by Salt creek. Pop. 717. 

Jackson, p. v., and cap. Jackson CO., Oliin : on a branch 
of the Scioto, 65 m. S. 8. E. Columbus. It contains a court- 
house, jail, several stores and small mills, and 4S0 inhabit- 
ants. The Iron E. E. -nill connect here with the Scioto 
and Hocking Valley K. E. The "Jackson Standard" 
(whig), and "Jackson Union" (dem.), are Lssued hero 
weekly. 

Jackson, t. and p. v., Susquehanna co.. Pain. : on head 
of Tunkhannock cr., 135 m. N. E. by N. Harrisbiirg. Siu-- 
face rough, and sod good pasture. The v. has 3 stores and 
25 houses. 

Jackson, p. v., and cap. Madison CO., Teim, : on Forked 
Deer r., 118 m. W. S. Vf. Nashville. It contains a court- 
house, jail, 8 churches, 12 stores, and GOO inhabitauts. 

Jackson C. H., p. v., and cap. Jackson co., Vii-'J- • on 
Big Mill cr. of Ohio r., 241 m. W. N. W. Eichmoml. It 
contains, besides a court-house and jail, several stores and 
mills, an academy, and 250 inhabitants. 

Jackson, p. o., Louisa county, Virg.: i'l m. N. W. 
Richmond. 

Jackson, p. v., and cap. Calaveras co., Calif. : at the 
junction of N. and S. forks of Mokclumno r, 106 ra. 
E. by N. Valh-jo. It contains a court-house, several .'»tores, 
anil 600 inhabitants. The washings in the vicinity are very 
rich in gold, and the soil excellent. 

JACKSoNlionouGn, p. v., and cap. Scrivcn co., Ga.: on 
Brier cr., 104 m. E. by S. Milledgeville. It cont,iiTis a court- 
house, j;nl, liigh school, several stores, and 150 inhabitanla. 
JACKSONBOKonon, p. v., Butler co., Ohio : S3 m. W. S. W. 
Columbus. 

Jackson Brook, p. c, Washington co., Me.: 123 m. 
E. N. E. Augusta. 

jACKSoNiimiGn, p. T., Wayne tounly, IiiJ. : 73 ni. E. 
Indianapolis. 

JAciisoNBUEOn, p. T., Hcrkimcr co., K Y.: 68 m. N. W. 
Albany. 

Jackson Cokneeb, p. v.. Duchess CO., A' )'. ; 4-3 m. S. 
Albany. 

Jackson Ceekk, p. v., Will co., HI. : on an aflhicnt of 
Illinois r. so called, 139 m. N. E. Springfield. 

Jackson Fvp.nace. p. v., Jackson co., Oliio: near the 
Littlo Scioto r., 77 m. S. by E. Columbus. 

Jackson IIali., p. v., Franklin Co., Penn. : 66 m. W. S. W 
Ilarrislinrg. 

JACKKoNnAM, p. a, Lancaster dist., S. Car. : 53 m. 
N. N. E. Cf)luinbia. 

Jackson Hill, p. o., Davidson co.-, A'. Car. : 96 m. W. 
Ealeiah. 

Jackson Hill, p. o., Spartanburgh dist., ,S. Car. : S9 m. 
N. N. W Columbia. 

Jackson Point, p. o.. Holt co., Mo, : 203 m. W. N. W. 
Jefferstm City. 

Jackson Port, p. o., Jackson co., Arl; : 97 in. N. N. E. 
Litllc Rock. 

Jackjon's Camp, p. o., Tallapoosa co., Ala,: N. E. 
Montgomery, 



JAC 

Jackson's Ceeek, p. o., Fairflold diat, & Cur.: 2S ro. 
K. by W. Columbia. 

Jackson's Fkkry, p. o., Wylhe co., YirQ. : near New r., 
195 m. W. S. W. KiehmoDfl. 

Jacksos '6 Miuj, p. v., Lenawee co., Mich. : 69 m. S. 8.E. 
Lunsing. 

Jackson's Mills, p. o., Ocean co., J^. Jer. : 2<J m. E. 
Trenton. 

Jackson's river, Virff. : rises in Highland oo., on E. side 
of Alleghany Mounuins, and flows S. to Covington, then E. 
to its Junction with Cowpasturo r., whieti two form the 
James. It bus a very rapid descent, and furnishes much 
water-power. 

JACKi>oNTOMrN, p. T., Licking co., Ohio: about 4 m. E. 
of Uie Ohio CnnaJ, 29 m. E. Columbus. It has suvural stores 
and 300 inhabitants. 

Jackson Vallet, p. v., Susquehanna ca, Perm.: 132 
m. N. E. by N. Harrisburg. 

Jacksonville, p. v., and cap. Benton co., Ala.: on 
Chocoloche cr. of Coosa r., 102 ra. N, N. E. Montgomerj'. 
It contains a court-house, jail, several large stores, a few 
mauufaetorics of farming implements, and 716 inhabitants. 
The " KepubUcau" (dem.) is issued weekly. 

Jacksonville, p. v., and cap. Duvall co.^Fhyr.: on the 
Icfl bank of Si. John's r., about 20 ra. from its mouth, 162 
m. E. Tallaha-ssee. The SL John's, here 1 m. wide. furni)*he9 
access to tlie interior and the K. coast, carrying hence heavy 
c:irgoe8 of cotton, and bringing hither many invalids at- 
Irnctetl by the mildness of the cliraatc. It contains a court- 
house, jail, academy, and several stores. Top. 1,145. 

Jacksonville, p. v., and cap. Telfair co., Ga. : on the left 
bank of Ocmulgee r., 94 ni. S. by E. Milledgeville. It con- 
tains a court-house, Jail, academy, and about 119 inhab- 
itants. 

Jacksontille, p. v., and cap. Morgan co., lU. : 80 m. W. 
Springfield. It is near Mauvaiselerre er., surrounded by 
rich i>rairie, an<l ig one of the must flourishing villages in 
the Suite. It has extensive manufactures of flour, cotton 
goods. leather, machinery, etc., a court-house, jail, several 
excellent high schools, and 2,745 inhabitants. Illinois Col- 
lege, founded in \^?A\ has a fine location h-re, G instructors, 
94 graduates, of whom 35 are ministers, 92 students, and a 
library of 2,500 volumes. The State institutions for the deaf 
and dumb, the insane, and the blind arc pleasantly located 
and in aucccs.«ful operation in the outskirts of the village. 
The Sangamon ancl Morgan U. K. passes the v. 33 m. from 
Springfield, and 21 from Naples. The " Morgan Journal" 
(whig) publishes wt^ckly and tri-weekly editions. 

Jacksonville, p. v., Switzerland co., Ind. : S2 m. S. E. 
Indianapolis. 

Jackrosville, p. v., Burlington county, K. Jer.: on 
Assincunk cr., 10 m. S. Trenton. 

JArK.soNyiLi.E, p. T., Tompkius CO., N. T.: 149 m. W. 
Albany. 

JArKsoNviLi.E, p. v., Darke co., Ohio: 81 m. W. by N. 
Colunilnis. 

Jacksonville, p. v., Lehigh co., Penn.: 79 m. E. N. E. 
ITarrialnirg. 

Jacksonville, p. v., TSMndham co., Venn. : 105 m. 
S. by ^y. Montpelier. It containfl several stores and 200 in- 
habitants. 

JArKsoNviLLE, p. V., Chcrokeo co., Tex.: 170 m. N. E. 
Austin City. 

Jacksonville, p. o., Bourbon county, Ky. : 43 m. E. 
Frankfort. 

Jacksonville, p. v., Tuolumne co., Calif.: on Tuohimne 
r, near the junction of Tialttesnake cr.," 93 m. E. 9. E. 
Yallejo. It is iho centre of a rich gold district, and has 
several stores and 500 inhabitants. 

Jack's Kerf, p. v., Onondaga co., IT. Y. : 141 m. W. by N. 
Albany. 

JArifsviLLE, p. v., Butler CO. Penn.: 177 m. W. N. "W. 
DarriLburg. 
830 



JAM 

Jaoobsbubgh, p. v., Belmont county, Ohio: 107 m. E. 
Columbus. A village of about 800 inhabitants. 

jAOOBSBtmon, p. v., Northamptoa oo., Penn.: 94 m. 
E. N. E. Harrisburg. Here is a bloomery forge making 50 
tons iron per annum, and a few dwellings. 

Jaoob'3 Eoee, p. o., Catawba co., iV, Car. : 124 m. W. 
Ealeigh. 

Jacobstown, p. 0., Burlington co., JK Jer. : S. B. £. 
Trenton. 

Jaffret, t and p. v., Cheshire co., JT. Samp. : at the 
head of Contooe<K)k r., 87 m. S. W. by S. Concord. It lies 
8. E. of Monadnock Mountain, has a flne soil for grass, 
several ponds, affording excellent mill streams, a mineral 
spring furnishing yellow ocher, and small factories for cot- 
ton and woolen goods. The v. has a high school, a hotel, 
several stores, and 200 inliabitants. Pop. of t 1,497. 

Jake's Pbairie, p. v., Gasconade county. Mo.: near 
Bourbeuse cr., 43 m. S. E. Jefferson City. 

Jake's Etw, p. o., Monongalia co., Virff. : 191 m, N. W. 
Eichmond. 

Jalapa, p. v.. Grant co., Ind, : on Mississinewa r., 63 ni. 
N. N. E. Indianapolis. 

Jalapa, p. 0., M'Minn co., Tenn,: 126 m. E. S. E. 
Nashville. 

Jalapa, p. o., Greene co., III. : 43 m. S. W. Springfield. 

Jamaica, t. and p. v., Queens oo., N. Y. : 137 m. S. 
Albany. Snrface level, with slight hills in the N. ; soil a 
sandy loam, and mostly ft-rtile, with extensive salt meadows 
in the S., producing large crops of grass. Jamaica Bay 
occupies the S., and the Union Ilace-course is in the W. part, 
S m. from Brooklyn. The v. is on the Long Island R. R., 
11m. from Brooklyn, and contains the county clerk's and 
surrogate's offices, an academy, a female seminary, 6 
churches, 6 hotels, 20 stores, several manufactories, an ex- 
tensive repair shop fi:j- the ra'droad, and about 1,S00 inhab- 
itants. Two weekly papers are published, the '* Long Island 
Farmer" (whig), and the "Long Island Democrat." Pop, 
of t. 4,'247. 

Jamaica, t and p. v., "Windham co., Ver^n. : 66 ra. 
S. by W. Montpelier. Drained by "West r., which affords 
flne water-power. Surface uneven, and soil mostly g<«xl. 
Limestone is abundant. The v. is on a branch of the river, 
has valuable mills, several stores, and 450 inhabitants. Pop. 
of t. 1,606. 

Jamaica, p. o., Middlesex county, Virg. .■ 51 m- E. 
Eichmond. 

Jamaica Plain, p. v., Norfolk oo., Mas9. : on the Boston 
and Providence E. R., 8i ra. S. W. Boston. Jamaica Pond, 
5 m. from the Exchange in Boston, supplied that city with 
water through 40 m. of pipe, from 1795 to Oct., 1S48, when 
the Cochituate Aque<luct was opened. The v. is a beauti- 
ful suburb of the city, containing many splendid private 
residences and fine schools, and has some trade and manu- 
factures. 

J.\me3 Citt county, Virg. Situate E., and conlninsllS 
sq. m. It has James r. on the S., Chiekahominy r., ita 
branch, on the \V"., and York r. on the N. E. Surface gen- 
erally level, and soil mostly fertile. Cora and wheat are 
the staples. In this county was the first permanent seltle- 
ment made by the English in America, Jamestown, Us site, 
lying in the S. on James r. This town is noted now only 
for its monuments; but "Williamsburg, S m. distant, was 
long the capital of theoolony, andis theseat of "Willi.-imand 
Mary College, the oldest, save Harvard, in the V. S., and 
widely distinguished for the elegance and rrflnement of its 
society. Farms 129; manuf. 0; dwell. 896, and pop.— wh. 
1,4S9, fr. col. 6G3, si. 1,SG8— total 4,020. Capital : Williams- 
burg. 

James river, Mo. : with its branches, drain most of Greene 
county, and then by a S. course empties through Stone 
county into White river. 

James river, Virg. ; the most important river of the State, 
and having its course wholly within it. It rises iu the Al- 



JAM 



JAS 



Icghanies, and is formed by the union of Cuwpa'^ture nnd 
Jackson's rivers. North r. juins it at the passage of the 
Bhie liiilge, and it is adtTward joined by the Kivanna 
and Appomattox, the latter of which is its largest affluent. 
James r. is upward of 500 m. long, and enters Hampton 
Koads near the mouth of Chesapeake Bay. Lynehburg 
and liiohraond arc on this river. Above Riehniond the 
navigatitin has been improved by the James liiver Canal, 
which is now completed to Balcony Falls. Thi?* river an<i 
its improved navigation form the outlet of n country ab^^und- 
iug in tobacco, wheat, corn, hemp, coal, etc. Below Eieh- 
uiond the navigation is open to large vessels — 120 ton ships 
come up to Rocket's, just below ; ^50 tons to "Warwick, and 
to Jamestown a 40 gun man-of-war. On Harrison's bar 
tJiere is 15 feet water at low tide. 

jAiiEsurRGii. p. v., Miihileaex eo., 2^. Jvr. : N. E. Trenton. 

James' Ckeek, p. v., Iluntingtlon oo., I'l'nit.: on an af- 
fluent of the Juniata so called, 67 m. W. Ilarrisbiirg. 

Jamis' Cross Eoai>8, p. o., Washington co., TIvih. ; 244 
m. E. Nashville. 

jAMia' Fork, p. o., Crawford co., Ark, : on a branch of 
Potcau r. so called, VU m. W. N. W. Little Kock. 

James' Mill, p. o., Monroe co., JU.: 112 m. S. S. W. 
Epriniitlelcl. 

jAMii>oN's, p. 0., Owen co., K»j. : 22 m. N. Frankfort 

Jamf.si'Obt, p. v.. Suffolk co,, iV. Y.: about 2 m. from 
Great I'econic Bay, 1^4 m. S. E. by S. Albany. It is on the 
Long Island K. li.. 16 in. from GreenporL 

jAMii^TOWN, v., Tuiiluiiine co., CaUf. : on the Tuolumne 
r., above the juiiclioii of llattlesnakc cr., 1^9 m. E. S. E. 
Vallejo. 

Jamestown, L and p. v., Boone co., Ind. : 26 m.W. N.W 
Indianapolis. 

JAMt'JiTowN, p. o., Clinton county, lU.: S5 m. S. by E. 
Spriugtield. 

JAM^;sT0WN, p. v., and cap. Kusscll co., Kt/. : about 5 m. 
N. of CunilKTland r., 83 m. 3. Frankfort. It e«inlains the 
county buildings, several stortrs, and 200 inhabitants. 

Jamestown, p. o., Moniteau co., Mo. : W. Jefferson City. 

Jampktown, p. v., Chimtauque county, U, Y.: 2S1 m. 
W. by S. Albany. It is near the S. E. end of Chautauque 
lake, or Conewango cr., its outlet, which furuibhes fine water- 
power. The lake is crossed to Maysville, 21 m., by steam- 
boats. The V. has numerous and valuable manufactures 
of flour, woolens, cabinet ware, Kiitherj iron ware, and 
agrieullural implements. It contains 6 churches, a bank, 
an atadeniy, 25 stores, and about 2.tWu inhabitants. 

Jam&>town, p. 0., Guilford co., K. Cur. : on W. side of 
Deep r.. SI m. "VV. by N. Raleigh. 

Jamestown, v., Virg. : on the N. bank of James r.. 46 m. 
E. S. E. Kiehmond. Here, 32 m. al>i>ve the nututh of 
James r., was the first permanent EnglisJi settlement in 
Anu-riea. made in 1607. Ilistorieul associations have made 
U classical ground, which business does not disturb. The 
only remains of the first aetllenient are the ivy-eovered 
ruins of a church and the moss-grown stones in the cliureh- 
yard. 

Jamestown, p. v., Greene co., Ohio: on Cawar's cr. of 
Uie Little Miami. 44 m. S. W. by W. Columbus. It eon- 
tains 3 churches, several mills, a high school, 6 .stores, and 
about 4O0 inhabitants. 

Jamestown, p. v., Mercer co., Penn. : on Shenango cr., 
214 m. N. \V. by W. Harrisburg. It contains several sl<jrea 
and mills, and 3(K> inliabitajits. 

Jamkstown, p. 0., Muscogee oo., Ga. : 115 m. "W. S. W. 
MiUedgeville. 

Jamestown, p. v., and cap. Fentress eo., T^nn. : 126 m. 
E. by N. Nashville. It lies at the foot of Cumberland 
Mountain, and contains the county buildings and a few 
ston-fl ;uid dwi-Uitigs. 

JAMtsTowN, t. and p. v., New]>ort co., R. I. : in Narra- 
gansett Bay, 22 m. S. rroviiiemx-. The t. comprises C<> 
nonicut Island, and baa a rich soil, adapted to [jrass and 



corn. A fine farming I., 1 m. W. from Newp<.>rt and 1 m. 
E. South Kingston, with ft-rries to both places. Top-nft. So8, 

Ja,mf^.town, t. and p. v., Grant eo., IFwe. ; on the Mis- 
sissippi, 74 m. W. S. IrV. Madison. The t. is well draine<] 
by affluents of the Mississippi. alTording goud mill-sites, is 
uneven, and very fertile. The v. is small and on the river. 
I*bp. of t. 632. 

Jau&svti.lr, p. v., Onondaga co., A' Y. : on the W. side 
of Butternut cr., which furnishea water-power, 124 m. 
W. by N. Albany. It contains 4 churches, 2 hotels, 6 mills 
for floor atvl gyp?um, and 450 inhabitants. 

Jamison's. sI.t.. C>rang(burg dist., S. Car. : on the Colum- 
bia Branch of the S. C'aroliua II, R., 7 m. N. Orangeburg, 
43 m. S. Columbia. 

JANELE0, p. o., Lewis couhIv, H/v- • l&T m. W. N. W. 
Kichni'ind. 

Janestille, L and p. y.., Eock co., Wise: on Rock r., 
&4 m. 8. S. E. Madison. The t. has a rich and highly cul- 
tivalecl soil and even surface. The v. occui)ie8 both sidiw 
of Rock r. back - the bluffs, which are 100 feet high, and 
has several largo mills on tlie excellent sites the falls here 
afford. The court-house occupies a bold eminence, over- 
looking a jail, several large stores, and many flue dwellings. 
Its trade is extensive and rapidly iucrea&ing. A railroad 
to Chicago is commenced. Two weeklies, the '' JancsviHe 
Gazette" (whig), and ''Bock C-ouuty Badger" (dL-m.), arc 
published. Pop. 3.419. 

Jarbatts, p. v., Sussex co., Virg. : on Noltaway r.. 4^ m. 
S. Kiehmond. The Pi-tersburg li. II. passoe through the v. 
81 m. from Petersburg and S3 m. from Weldou. 

jAKKETKi Ford, p. o., Kanawha county, Virg.: 219 m. 
W. by N. Rit^unond. 

Jakkettsvillk, p. v., Harford CO., Mil. : near Deer cr., 
45 m. N. Annajiolis. 

Jasper county, Gn. Situate N. centrally, and contains 
869 sq. m. Drained by aflluonts of Ocmulgee r., its W. 
boundary, and E. by heads of Oconee r. Surface various; 
soils very fertile. Cotton is the staple, for which the country 
is admirably adapted, raising very large crops of excellent 
quality. Corn au'l wheat yield well. It has some watt-r- 
power. Farms 5SS; manuf 12; dwell. S12, and pop. — wh. 
4,323, fr. col. 29, si. 7,134r-tolal ll,4>i6. Capital: Monti- 
cello. 

Jaspeb county, IlL Situate S. E., and contains 456 sq. ni. 
Drained by Embarras and heads of Little Wabash r.. IkiIIi 
branches of Wabash r. Surface low and level, and in parts 
marshy; soil wet and not sufficiently drained. This done 
it would bo very productive. Much of it is prairie, and 
part well timbered. Com is chiefly grown. Farms 2SS; 
manuf. 0; dwell. 5SS, and pop.— wh. 3,206, and fr. col. 14— 
total 3.220. Gapihd: Newton. 

Jasper county, Jnd. Situnto N. W., and oontains 073 
sq. m. Drained by Kankakee r., its N. lutuiidary, and 
1'ii.kamink, or Iroquois r., its branch, with their antucnts. 
Beaver Lake, in the N. W\, is the largest sheet of water fn 
the Su-ite, and abounds in excellent flsh. Surface IcTcl, 
mostly wet or dry prairie, interspersed with grn\es or oak 
ofKiiings. Much uf the land is fi rtile, and wdl adapted to 
grazing. Wheat, corn, and oats are the ccri-:ii staples. 
Farms :.143 ; manuf. 4: dwell. 592, and p.ip.— wh. 3,539, fr. 
col. 1— total 3,540. Capital: Renseehur. 

Jaspek county, fa. Situate E. ceriirally, and contains 
74:3 sq. ra. Drained by N. and S. forks of Chieagua. or 
Skunk r, which runs S. E. U) the Missis.<iippi. Surface level 
or undulating; soil mostly ])ratrie and very fertile. Good 
timber on the streams, which furnish some water-power. 
This region is a flue farming and grjiziug country. Farms 
150; manuf. 0; dwell. 214, and pop.— wh. L2S0, fr. col 0— 
total 1.2S0. Capitui: Newton. Pullic Worka: Council 
Bluffs R. R. 

Jasper county. iV7-s.«. Situate S. E. centr.illy, and con- 
tains 661 sq. ui. Brained by Bogue Hume, Tallaliala. and 
Leal creeks, and branches of Chickasawha r., all flowing 

831 



JAS 



JEF 



Ihroogh Fascitgoula r. into the GulC Surface level with 
moderate bilk; eoil productive. CottoD is Uie staple, coru 
a good crop, and large numbers of cottle and hogs ore faU 
led. lUJ ruatiy etreams fumish considerable walcr-powcr. 
Farms bV) ; nianuf. 9 ; dwell. 674, and pnp.— wli. 4,*296, it. 
col. 1, si. l,sS7— total 6,184. Capital: Paulding. 

Jasper county, Mo. Sttoale S. W., and contains 1,179 
sq. m. Drained N. by Big Dry "Wood, Dry Wood, Clear, 
and Horse crtK-ks, flt>wing X. into 0.-*age r., and S. by N. 
and S. forks of Spring r., Centre cr., and olber aflluenta of 
Neosho r., which runs into the Arkansas. Surface elevated 
and broken in p.orta, but mostly undulating; soil highly 
productive. Corn is the chief crop, but all the cereals 
tlirive, and there is excellent pasturage. Cattle and hogs are 
raised in great numbers. Farms 40S ; manuf. S ; dwell. 
6W, and pop.— wh. 4,009, fr. col. 1, si. 213— total 4,223. 
Capital: Carthage. 

Jasper county, T«r. Situate E. near Sabine r., and con- 
tains &S2 sq. m. Drtiinod N. by Angelina r., and other 
affluenls of Nechcs r., which forms its W. boundary,' and 
with its branches drains most of the connly. Surface un- 
dulating in the S., in the N. hilly; soil on the Angelina 
and Nechcs, which ovcrOow Ihoir banks, a rich alluvial 
bottom of great fertility, producing heavy crops of com, 
cotton, and sugar. Back of this the soil is sandy and much 
less fiTlile. The county is well timbered, and the Angelina 
and Neches, large navigable streams, make exportation 
easy and markets couvenienL Farms I'JS ; manuf. 6 ; 
dwell. 193, and pop.— wh. 1,226, fr. coL 0, si. 541— total 
1,767. Capital: Jasper. 

Jaspee, p. v., and ciip. Walker co., Ala. : 116 m. N. N.TV. 
Montgomery. 

Jasi'kb, p. v., and cap. Newton co., Arl: : 104 m. N. N.W. 

Little Rock. It contains a court-house and a few dwellings. 

Jasper, p. v., and cap. llamilton co., I-^or. : about 5 m. 

E. of Allapahais r., SI m. K. by N. Tallahassee. It contains 

a court-house and a few stores and dwellings. 

Jaspbe, p. v., and cap. Dubois co., Tiuf. : on the right 
bank of Patoka cr., 101 m. S. S.'W. Indianapolis. It con- 
tains a court-house, jail, hotel, several stores, and 400 in- 
habitants. 

Jaspbk, t. and p. v., Steuben co., A1 Y. : 204 m. W. by S. 
Albany. The t. has an nndulating surface and loamy soil, 
well ntted for grazing, and is drained by Bennett's and 
Tusearora creeks. It is a farming t. and has a pop. of 1,749. 
Jasper, p. v.. Pike co., Ohio : on the Scioto r. and Ohio 
Canal, 61 m. S. Columbus. Pop. 84. 

Jaspek, p. v., and oaj). Marion co., Tenn. : on Sequatchy 
r., 92 m. S. K. Nashville. It is a small v. contaiuing Uie 
county boildings. 

Jasper, p. v., and cap. Jasper co., Tex. : on the W. bank 
of Sandy cr., a branch of Uie Neches, 124 ra. E. by N, 
Austin City. It occupies the centre of an extensive plain, 
and contains a court-house, 8 stores, hotel,* and 200 in- 
habitants. 
Jatt, p. o., Rapides par., La. : 117 m. N. "W. Baton Rouge. 
Jatton, p. 0., Grant county, Ind.: 64 m. N. N. E. 
Indianapolis, 

Java, I. an«i p. o., Wyoming county, K T: .■ 244 m. W. 
Albany. Drained by Seneca cr., which has a few mill sites. 
Surface rolling; soil cluyey loam, adapted to grass. Farm- 
ing is the chief business. Pop. 2,2i5. 
Java. p. v., Lucas co., Ohio: 117 m. N. N.W. Columbus, 
Java Tn.i.Ar,E, p. v., Wyoming co., A^ T. : on Seneca cr., 
245 m. W. Albany. It contains a church, hotel, several 
mills, and 200 inhablumts. 

Jat county, fnd. Situate on middle of E. line, and con- 
tains 862 sq. m. Draino.1 by Wabash r., and Salamonic r., 
its branch, with their atTluents. Surface rolling or level; 
sol s everywhere very productive, with plentv of timber. 
II la a fine grazing regiun. Com, wheat, and pork are the 
t'^rl"'^ ^"'"' ^'^' "'^""^- 9; <»^'eU. 1,179, an<l pop.-wh. 
7,017, fy. col. 80-tolal T,04L Capital: VorQ^md 



Jav, U and p. v., Essex co., AC T. : 116 m. N. Albany, 
Drained by Au Sable r., which famishes water-power. 
Surface mountainous, the Adirondack Mountains being in 
the E. part. On the Au Sable are rich flats. The v. is on 
the E. branch of the Au Sable, and contains a hotel, 3 
churches, a forge, several mills, and 500 inhabitants. Pop, 
of t 2,0SS. 

Jay, t. and p. v., Orleans co., Verm. : on N. line of tho 
State, 51 m. N. Montpelier. Drained by branches of Mis- 
sisqui r.. affording water-power. Surface very rugged. In 
the S. W. is Jay's Peak ; soil fertile. Pop. of t. 371. 

Jay, t., Franklin co.. Me : on the Androscoggin, 27 m. 
W. N. W. Augusta. A fine farming town. Pop. 1,733. 

Jay Bridge, p. v., Franklin co.. Me. : on the Androscog- 
gin, 26 m. W. N. W. Augusta. It contains several stores 
and mills, and is surrounded by a fine wheat and grazing 
region. Pop. 450. 

Jay C. H., p. o., and cap. Jay co., Ind. : on the N. side 
of Salamonio r., 73 m. N. E. by E. Indianapolis. It con- 
tixins a court-house, jail, academy, several stores, and about 
400 inhabitants. Formerly called Portland. 

Jaynesville, p. v., Covington co., Mi^s. : 44 m. S. E. 
Jackson. 

Jeanerett's, p. o., St. Mary's par., La. : 53 m. S. S. W. 
Baton Ilouge. 

Jbansville, p. v., Luzerne county, Pemi.: 93 m. N. E. 
Harrisburg. 

Jeddo, p. v., Orleans county, AC i; ; 241 m. W. by N. 
Albany. 

Jeddo, p. v., Jefferson cotmty, Ohio,: 123 m. E. N. E. 
Columbus. 
Jeddo, p. v., Luzerne co., PeTtn. : 77 m. N. E. Harrisburg. 
Jbffeesox county, Ala. Situate N. centrally, and con- 
tains 916 sq. m. Drained by Locust Fork and its affluents, 
flowing into Black Warrior r., which touches its W. border, 
and by heads of Caliawba r., a branch of Alabama r., in 
the E. Surface somewhat broken; soil excellent generally. 
Cotton, wheat, corn, and other grains yield largely, and 
there is much good pasturage. Coal is abundant in this 
part of the State. Farm?* 752 ; manuf. 4; dwell. 1,140, and 
pop.— wh. 6,714, fr. coL 8, el. 2,267— total S,9s9. CapiUd: 
Elyton. 

Jefferson county, Ark. Situate S. E. centrally, and con- 
tains 1.293 sq. m. Drained by Saline r. and Bayou Barthot- 
omew, flowing S. into Red r., and the Arkansas r., which 
crosses the county,'running S. E. Surface varied, and gen- 
erally well wooded, with good mill streams; soil very pro- 
ductive, particularly of cotton and corn, and well fitted for 
rai.sing entile and swine, of which many are fatted. Farms 
817; manuf. 9; dwell. 595, and pop.— wh. 3,197, fr. col. 16, 
si. 2.621— total 5,834. Cajntal: Pine Bluff. 

Jefferson county, Flor. Situate N. centrally, and con- 
tains 45S sq. m. It extends from Georgia to the Gulf, and 
and is bounded E. by Oscilla r., emptying into Appalacheo 
Bay. Lake Mickasukie lies on its N. W. border, and 
gives rise to a large stream, which in a mile or two disap- 
pears in one of the " sinks" common in parts of this Stato. 
Surface even, and soil fertile. Cotton is the staple. Corn 
does well, and some rice and sugar are made. Farms 37T ; 
manuf. 7: dwell. 520, and pop.— wh. 2,775, fr. col. Q, si. 
4,938. Capital : Monticello. 

JEFFEP.SON county, Ga. Situate E. centrally, and con- 
tains 627 sq. m. Drained N. by Briar cr., an affluent of 
Savannah r., and S. by Ogeechee r. and its liranches. Sur- 
face moderately uneven, with good mill streams ; soil very 
productive, and good pasture in parts. Cotton is the great 
product of the county, of which a very large amount is 
grown. Com is a good crop. Farms 58S ; manuf. 4S ; 
dwell. 765, an<i pop.— wh. 3.717, fr. col. 47, si. 5.3G7— toUil 
9,121. Capital: Louisville. Puhlic Wofk^ : Georgia 
Central R. R. 

Jefferson county, TU. Situate 8. centrally, and contains 
676 sq. m. Drained by heads of Big Muddy r., au affluent 



JEF 



JEP 



of Mississippi r., and branches of Little "Wabash r. of the 
Ohio. Surface undulating, timbered in part with much 
prairie; soil of moderate fertility, and adapted finely to 
grazing. Com is the cereal staple, and beef and pork are 
leading products. Farms 470; manuf2; dwell. 1,3GS, and 
pop.— wh. S,0S3, fr. col. 26— total 8,109. Capital: Mount 
Vernon. 

Jeffeesox county, Ind. Situate 8. E. on the Ohio, and 
contains 357 sq. m. Drained by beads of Muscatatuk r. 
flowing "W. into White r., and Indian Kentucky r. and other 
small streams, affluents of Ohio r. Except on the Ohio the 
surface is generally level, but at Harfs Falls, near Hanover, 
and the falls of Clifty, near Madison, tlie scenery is grand 
and beautiful. Bottom lands are rich, sandy loam, and the 
adjacent hills are very fertile. Uplands chiefly covered 
with beech and tilted for grass. Com, wheat, beef, pork, 
and wool are staples. It has good water-power, and its 
manufactures are important and increasing. Farms 1,30Ij; 
manuf. 18S; dwell. 4,092, and pop.— wli. 2S,a4S, fr. col. 5G3 
—total 2S,916. Capital : Madison. Fuhlic Works : In- 
dianapolis and Madison E. K. 

Jeffeeson county, Ja. Sitnate 8. E., and contains 433 
sq. m. Drained by Big Cedar cr. and other afiluents of 
Skunk r., which crosses its N. E. border. Surface diversi- 
fied, furnishing much excellent water-power; soil verj' fer- 
tile, bearing heavy crops of com and wheat, and affording 
fine pasture. Cattle and grain are farming staples. Good 
coal is found. Farms 1,067; manuf. 54; dwell. 1,649. and 
pop.~wh. 9,003, fr. col. 1— total 9,904. Capital : Fairfield. 
Publia Work^s:: Dubuque and Keokuk K. 11. 

Jefferson county, Ay. Situate N. centrally, and con- 
tains 479 sq. m. Drained by Floyd's fork and Pond cr. of 
Salt r., and Mill cr., Harrod's cr., and other small affluents 
of Ohio r., which forms its "W. boundary. Surface diversi- 
fied, and soil very productive. It lies on the Ohio, above 
and below the falls or rapids, which have been avoided by 
a ship canal around them, atfording easy navigation at all 
seasons and abundance of excellent w-iter-power. Limo- 
stone is abundnnt, and fine crops of wheat and com are 
grown, and large numbers of cattle, sheep, and hogs are 
fatted. Though a go«jd fanning county, i\3 great interests 
are commerce and mannfaclures, the Ohio supplying am- 
ple facilities for both, which centre in Louisville, the largest 
city in the State, and one of the most important in the 
Great West, The manufactures embrace almost every thing 
wanted in the West, and a large tract of count rj' on both 
sides of the Ohio exports its various products IVom this 
point Farms 887; manuf. 614; dwell. 7,090, and pop.— 
wh. 47,3J9, fr. col. 1.591, si. 10,911— total 59,831. Capital: 
Louisville, Public Works: Louisville and I'ortland Canal; 
Louisville and Frankfort K. II.; and Nashville and Louis- 
ville K. li. ; Louisville and Covington R. R., etc. 

Jefferson parish, Lu. Situate S. E., and contains 876 
sq. m. Drained by Mississippi r., which crosses the N. part, 
and numerous bayonx tunning into the bays and lakes 
around the country. There are Lake Pontchartrain on the 
N., Catouehc, Washa, and Little lakes on the W., and Bar- 
rataria Bay on the S. Surface low, and much of it covered 
with swamps; soil immediately on the rivers exceedingly 
fertile, but much is untillable back of them,thniigli furnish- 
ing great quantities of fine timber. Sugar is the great 
staple. Corn thrives abundantly and some rice is grown. 
Farms 81 ; manuf. 54; dwell. S,S25, and pop.— wh. 18,021, 
fr. col. S74, si. 6,196— total 25,091. Cajntal : Laftiyctte City. 
Public Works : New Orleans, Jackson, and Northern E. li. 

Jeffbrsos county, Miss. Situate S. "W., and contains 
513 sq. m. Drained by small affluents of Mississippi r., 
which forms its W. boundary. Surface moderately uneven, 
with numerous mill seats; soil in the W. very fertile, in the 
E. lighter, with a go«id growth of pine. Cotton is the staple 
— its culture commands almost exclusive attention, and 
gives immcnso returns. Farms 239 ; manuf. 7 ; dwell. 514, 
and pop.— wh. 2,657, fr. col. 43, si. 10,493— total 13,193. 



CapiUil: Fayette Piddle Works : Natchez and Mal- 
colm E. E. 

Jefferson county, Mo. Bitnate E. on the Mississippi, 
and contains 639 eq. m. Drained "W. by Big r., a branch of 
Maumee r., which runs on and near its N. border into the 
Mississippi, and E. by Isle au Bois, Plattin, Joachin, and 
other small crejz-ks. Surface moderately elevated and 
broken, with low laud in parts; soil very good, affording 
fine grazing and largo crops of corn and wheal. Much perk 
is made. It is rich in minerals; lead mines are nunuT- 
ous and inexhaustible; iron and copper arc found, laid 
mineral springs abundant. It has water-power, and makes 
large quantities of shot. Farms 7i>4; manuf. 12; dwell. 
1,119, and pop.— wh. 6,407, fr. &->L 9, si. 512— total 6,928. 
Capital: Hillsboro'. Public Works: Iron Mountain E. E. 

Jefferson county, A\ Y. : Situate along E. shore of Lake 
Ontario, and contains 1,125 sq. m. Bounded N. "W. by SL 
Lawrence r., and drained by Indian r. flowing N. into it, 
and Black r.,Cbaumont,Stoney, and Sandy creeks, flowing 
into the lake. Surface for 10 m. back from the lake, level 
or undulating; it then slopes to the S. E., and Ix'comes 
broken and hilly. Most of the county is of the transition 
formation, consisting of Potsdam sandstone and varieties of 
limestone and shale. Bog, specular, and spaltic iron ores, 
tremolite,fluor spar, green malachite, heavy spar, peat, etc., 
are found. Soil a rirh sandy loam, verj' productive. In the 
N. "W. great crops of wiieat are raised ; in the S. E. is ex- 
cellent grazing, and the swamps produce many cranberries 
for exp<.irt. Farming is the chief pursuit ; large dairies are 
kept, thousamls of cattle and swine sent to market, much 
flax raised, and many sheep sheared. Its manufactures are 
extensive, chiefly of fiour, lumber, iron, leather, pot:ish, and 
woolen goods. Its commerce and shipping arc large, and 
interior communication good and improving. Sacketl's 
Harbor is one of the best on the lake, and the water-power 
on Black r. immense. Farms 5,490; manuf. 630: dwell. 
11,926, and pop.— wh. C7.97I, fr. col. 1S2— total 6^,153. 
Capital: Watertown. Piihlic Work-'i: Walertown and 
Eome E. E. ; Sackett's Harbor E. E. ; "Watertowu and 
Potsdam E. E. 

Jhfferson county, Ohio. Situate E. on Ohio r., and con- 
tains 362 sq. m. Drained by Yellow, Cross, Short, and 
Wells creeks, affluents of the Ohio, its E. boumlary. Sur- 
face considerably broken, with numerous grN^l mil! sireams ; 
so'l very productive, equally adapted to grain and grass. 
Wheat, oorn, and oats arc farming staples, and mueh atten- 
tion is paid to wool growing. Its manufactures are impor- 
tant, chiefly flour, leather, and woolen goods. Ks lumber 
is valuable, and cial and iron are abundant. Farms 1,881 ; 
manuf. 3sl ; dwell. 5,191, and pop.— wh. 23,526, fr. col. 606 
—total 29,132. Capitul : Steuben\ille. Public Works : 
SteubenvUle and Indiana E. K. ; Wellsville and ■Wheeling 
Eailroad. 

Jeiterson county, P^mn. Situate "W. centrally, and con- 
tains 479 sq. m. Drained by Mahoning and Bank creeks, 
flowing W. into Alleghany r. Surface broken and hilly, 
afibrding many fine mill seats ; soil good, with beautiful and 
verj- fertile valleys, and generally ex-cellent pasturage. The 
grains yield abundantly, and there is good timber. Iron ore 
and coal exist in all parts in profusion. Farms 1,170 ; manuf. 
2112; dwell. 2.2.".3, and pop.— wh. 13,421, ir. col. 97— total 
13,573. Capital: Brookville. 

Jefferson county, Tenn. Situate N. E., and contains 413 
sq. m. It lies between Holston and Nolichucky rivers, and 
is dr.ained by their branches. Surfaw rongh ami broken, 
weU wooded, and abundanUy supplied with water-power; 
soil fertile. Corn and wheat are staples. A great many 
hogs are raised. It has several manufactures of importance, 
fiour, leather, liquors, powder, woolen goods, etc Farms 
904; manuf. 72; dwell. 1,975, and pop.— wh. 11,469, fr. e<.l. 
107,81. 1,628— loud 13,204. Capital: Dandridge. I'vi'lic 
Work.'i: East Tennessee and Virginia E. E. 

Jefteuson connty, T&x. Situate S. E., and cont.iins 2,017 

323 



JEF 



JEF 



Mm. It is boonded S. by the Gulf of Mexico, and E. by 
gibine r. and lake Drained by Neches r., wbieh runs 
Uirough the county into Sabine lake, ila branches Pin Wand 
bayou and Big Sandy cr., Cypress, Adams, and Ck,w 
bayous, alfluenls of Sabine r., and Taylor's bayou, of Sabine 
Lake Surface almost uniformly le»cl, and, OJcepl a strip 
of limber land across the N., an open prairie, with many 
lorp. swamps: soil on the Neches, in the N. E. and in the 
N W a black mold over yellow clay and sand, and very 
fertile-lhe rest dt only for grazing. The swamps arc finely 
adapted lo rice growing. Cotloii and corn are the staples 
a, yel, the county being lilllo 8<.ltled. The Neches and 
Sabine arc large streams ; the lalU-r has a good harbor near 
Itsraouth, and .\dam's, Cypress, and Cow bayous arc navi- 
r-iblc for boats of light drafl. Farms 91 ; manuf. 4 ; dwell. 
259. and pop.-wh. 1,5M, fr. col. C8, si. 2«9-total 1,836. 
Capital: Beaumont 

.JirraiMos county, Vlrg. Situate N. E., and contains 
«1 sq. m. Drained by Opequan and Shenandoah rivers, 
branches of the Potomac which bounds H N. E. Surface 



broken— in parts mounlainoun. 



with abundance of fine 



water-power: soil excellent, among Ihc best grain and graz- 
ing land and the most valuable. Liking the county through, 
in the Slate. Its scenery is very line, Ihat on the Shenandoah 
having no superior in Ihe world for beauty or m.ajesly. Its 
crops of wheat, corn, rye, oats, and polatoes are equally 
good, and all superior for yield and quality. For grazing, it 
is admirably filled, and sheep and swine are reared in great 
numbers. lis manufactures are various and extensive, ex- 
clusive of Ihe great U. S. armory, at Harper's Ferry. Farms 
447 ; manuf. 105 : dwell. 1,960, and p..p.— wh. 10,476, fr. col. 
540,81.4,841— loUill6,:i57. ftipifcii; Charlestown. PuUic 
Worln: Baltimore and Ohio P.. It. ; Winchester and Polo- 
mac R. v. 

Jktfebsos county. Wise. Situate S. E., and contains 576 
sq. m. Drained by Eock r., which crosses the eijiinty diag- 
onally, and Bearer Dam r., and other of ils branches. 
Kosh'konong lake, through which Eock r. flows, is in Ihe 
S. W. comer, and it has several fine ponds, which, with the 
streams, supply abundance of water-power. Surface varied, 
parts are hilly and rough, and parU quite marshy : soil fer- 
liie, very productive on Kock r. ami the streams generally, 
and most is heavily timbered, there being liltlo prairie. 
Grain and grass thrive equally, and this is a flue farming 
county. Manufactures are increasing, and already of much 
importance. Farms 9?2 ; manuC 74 ; dwell. 2,9:>t, and pop. 
— wh. 15.314, fr. col. .■?— total 15,817. Oipital: Jefferson. 
Puhliu WurkJt: Milwaukie and Mississippi E. K. 

.larFEKSOs, p. v., and cap. ,lackson county, Ga. : 79 m. 
N. by W. Milledgeville. It conlains a court-house, an acad- 
emy, and a few sti^res. 

.Jeffejson, p. v„ rliiilon CO., Iml.: 4 m. W. Frankfort, 
42 m. N. N. W. Indianapolis. 

.Ieffeb.so>", p. v.. Cook CO., III. : on N. branch of Chicago 
r., 179 m. N. N. E. Springfield. 

Jefterson, L and p. v., Lincoln co., Me. : at the head of 
Damariscolla r., IS m. E. S. E. August.-!. Tlie t embraces 
a large part of Damariscolla Pond, and has many mill 
streams, which are used to s.aw great quantities of lumber. 
It has a goO"l soil and several manufactories of leather and 
woolens. Pop. of L 2,228. 

.Tekfeiisos. p. v., Frederick CO., Md.; about 4 m. fl-om 
the Potomac, 77 m. W. N. W. Annapolis. It lies between 
Calociin cr. and mountain, and has several stores and 850 
Inhabitants. 

■Teffehson. t. and p. v., Coos co., K. TTamp.: 79 m. N. 
Concord. Drained by Israel's r. and its branches, wliich fur- 
nish water-power. John's r. rises in Pondicherry Pond, in 
the S. "W. comer. Surface mountainous : soil in Ihe lower 
parts fertile, and generally good pasture. The v. has 8 
stores and a few dwellings. Pop. of U C29. 

Jeffekjon, t., Chemung CO., jV. 1'. ; at the 9. end of 
Scnoca lake, 166 in. W. Albany. II haa a flue landing, and 
834 



a steamboat plies daily to Geneva, at Ihc other end of the 
lake which never freezes over. It contains several hotels, 
slorJs, and warehouses, 9 flour, plaster, and lumber mills, 
and 1 000 inhabitants. The Canandaigua and Elmira E. K. 
passes the v. 21 m. from Elmira. Two papers are published, 
llio " American Standard" and " Corona Borealis." 

.Teffebsos, t. and p. v., Schoharie co., K. T. : 4T m. 
W bv S. Albany. Surface mountainous, the high hilll 
forroiiigVhe watershed between the affluents of the Hudson 
and Delaware: soil unproductive, except in the valleys. 
Farming and grazing form the chief business. Pop. of 

town 1.74S. ,_ . „ 

Jeffebson, p. v., and cap. Ashe co., JV. Car. : about 2 m. 
W. of New r, 16S W. N. W. Ealeigh. It contains, besides 
a court-house and Jail, several stores and 200 inhabitants. 

Jeffeksoh, p. v., and cap. Ashtabula Co., Ohio: on a 
branch of Grand r., 164 m. N. E. by N. Columbus. The t 
is slightly uneven, and h.-is a fertile soil. The v. is about 10 
m. 8. of Lake Eric, and contains a fine court-house, jail, an 
academy, and several stores. Pop. of U 625. 
Jeffebsos, t. and p. v., Greene county, Pmn.: on 
hela r., 177 m. W. by S. Harrisburg. The t. has a 

The v. is 



Mononga' 

rolling surface, rich soil, and fine water-power. 

on Ten Mile cr., near its mouth, and contains an academy, 

a dozen stores, 8 mills, and 600 inhabiLints. 

Jeffeeso.s, p. v., Eulherford Co., Tenn.: 24 m. S. E. 
Nashville. 

Jefferson, p. v.. Cass CO., Tfx. : between Big Cypress r. 
and Black Cypress cr, about 4 m. above their confluence, 
249 m. N. E. Austin City. The land around it is among the 
best for cotton and com in the State. 

Jeffbeson, p. o., Powhatan Co., Virg.: 26 m. W. by N. 
Eiclimond. 

Jeffeeson, p. 0., Marengo county, Ala.: 67 m. W. 
Montgomery. 

JzrrEr.soN, t, p. v., and cap. Jefferson co., TTmc. : on 
Rock r., 81 m. E. by S. Madison. The v. lies a little above 
the junction of Crawfish r., and by a dam across Rock r. has 
abundant water-power, which is largely used in manufac- 
turing. It has a good trade, several large stores, and 800 
inhabitants. Pop. of 1 1,610. 

Jeffersos Baep.acks, p. v., St. Louis CO., ITo. : on the 
Mississippi, 11 m. S. St. Louis, 104 m. E. Jefferson City: 
This is a U. S. military post, and contains a few stores and 
dwellings. 

Jeffeeson Crrr, p. o., and cap. Cole co.. Mo., and cap. of 
the State of Missouri : on the 8. bank of Missouri r., oppo- 
site the mouth of Cedar cr., and 137 m. from its entrance 
into Ihe Mississippi r.-Iat SSO 36' N., and long. 920 OS' W. 
— 9S0 m. W. Washington. The site is elevated and unevm, 
and furnishes many beautiful building locations. It cout-ains 
the State House, Governor's House, a large and elegant 
mansion, the Slate Penitentiary, etc., and has several exten- 
sive mercantile houses, stores, and mechanic shops, equal 
to the demands of the locality. Two newspapers arc pub- 
li«he<i here, the " Metropolimn," and "Jefl'erson Enquirer" 
(dem.1, both weekly issues. Population about 2.600. 

JEFFEP.SON Fuknace, p. T., Clarion CO., Penn.: 161 m. 
W. N. \V. H.irrisburg. Here is a ftimace producing 1,000 
tons iron per annum. 

Jefferson- Miuj5, p. o., Jefferson CO., Mo. : 96 m. E. S. E. 
JelTers^'in City. 

Jefferson Mills, p. T., Coos Co., K ITamp. : on Israel's 
r., 81 m. N. Concord. 

Jeffeikonton. p. T., and enp. Camden co., Ga. : on the 
S. side of Santilla river, at the head of navigaticm. 177 m. 
S. E. by S. Milledgeville. It has a court-house and jail, sev- 
er.al large stores, and 800 inhabitants. 

Jeffebsonton, p. v., Culpepper CO., Virg.: 74 m. N. N.W. 
Elchmond. It contains several stores and 850 inhabitants. 
Lee's Sulphur Springs are in the vicinity. 

Jfffersontown, p. v., Jefl'erson county, Ky. : 89 m. W 
Frankfort 



JEP 



JEK 



Jeffeesos Valley, p. o., Wcstchcstor co, ^V. >'. ; li>4 m. S. 
Albany. 

Jeffeesontille, p. T., Sullivan county, IT. T. : ST m. 
S. S. W. Albany. 

jEFTEESt'NTiLLE, p. T., Clark CO., Ind. : at Ihe head of the 
falls on the Ohio, 103 m. S. by E. Indianapolis. It lies on 
elevated ground, has a fine landing, and is the site of the 
State Prison. Steamboats are built here, and it has great 
facilities for trade and commerce, lying opposite Louisville, 
and being connected by railroad with the interior. It con- 
tains a United States land office, several large stores and 
■warehouses, and about 2,122 inhabitants. The Jefferson- 
Tille E. E. terminates here. 

Jetfeesonville, p. o., Twiggs co., (7a. ; 27 m. S. by 'W. 
Mifledgcville. 

Jeffeesokvtllk, p. T., Fayette co., Ohio : 35 m. S. W. 
Columbus. 

Jeffersonttllk, p. v.. Montgomery co., Pernu : near the 
BchuTlkill, ST m. E. by S. Ilarri^burg. 

Jefteescsttlle, p. v., Lamoille co.. Verm. : on LnmoiUe 
river, 29 m. N. N. W. Montpolier. It has email manufac- 
tories^ several stores, and 35(J inhabitants. 

Jeffee&s' Stoee, p. o., Nottoway co., Virg. : 45 m. S. W. 
Eichmond. 

Jeffet'6 Ceeee, p. o., Marion dist, S. Car. .* on a branch 
of Great Pedee r. so called, 79 m. E. Columbia. 

Jelloway, p. T., Knox county, Ohio : 41 m. N. E. 
Columbus. 

Je>-a, p. o., Tuscaloosa co., Ala. : 102 m. N. W. by W. 
Montgomery. 

Jenkin's Beipge, p. T., St. Clair co. Mo. : on Warblow 
cr. of the Osage, S6 m. S. W. by W. Jefferson City. 

Jeskin's Stoee, p. o.. Union co.,3^. Car. : 90 m-'W. S.W. 
Ealeigh. 

Jenkinto-wn, p. v., Montgomery cQonty, i'enTi. : 85m. E. 
Ilarrisburg. 

Jennee'8 Ceoss Eoads, p. t., Somerset CO., /*enn..; !17m. 
"W. Harrisburg. 

.jEiv>-EESvrLLE, p. V., Chcster co.. Peiin. : 69 m. E. by S. 
Harri:>burg. It contains several stores, and about 300 in- 
habitants. 

Jbn-nlngs county, Ind. Situate S. E., and contains 35? 
eq. m. Drained by Vernon and Graham forks of Muscata- 
tuck r.. Sand cr., and their numerou.'* branches, all flowing 
■\r. into White r. Surface rugged and broken, with several 
beech flats. Soil of good fertility near the streams; the 
beech flats at their heads are used only for grazing. II has 
good water-power, abundance of excellent timber, fine 
limestone-quarries, much used for building, and a millstone- 
quarry. Com. wheat, and pork are farming staplr-s. Farms 
1.205 ; mannf. 78 ; dwell. 2.f'&i. and pop.— wh. 11.773. fr. c^I. 
823 — total 12.096. Capital: Vcmom Public WorH : 
Madison and Indianapolis E. K. 

.Tekxings. p. c, Frankhn county, Ind. : 66 m. E. S. E. 
Indianapolis. 

Jeksings, p. 0-, Hamilton county, Flor. : 69 m. E. 
Tallahasisee. 

Jex>t>-g'3 Gap. p. o., Augusta co., Tirg. : on E. side of 
Shenandoah mountains, 123 ra.'W. N."W. Eichmond. North 
river, a bmn-^h of the .Tames, rises here, and branches of the 
Shenandoah in the vicinity. 

Jen.ning's Oedinart, p. 0., Nottoway co., V>rg. : 45 m. 
S. W. Eichmond. on the Eichmond and Danville E. E., 50 
m. from Eichmond (by cars). 

Je.vst Lind, p. o., Chatham county, 2^. Car. : 46 m. W. 
Baleigh. 

Jexnt LnfD, p. o., Sebastian county, Ark. : 123 m. W. 
Little Eock. 

Jeeicho, p. v.. Perry co., AUi. : near Catawba r., &i m. 
N. W. by W. Montgomery. 

JEEicno. p. T.. Queens co.. J^. Y. : abont 2 m. from the 
Sound and Long Island E. E.. 129 ra. S. S. E. Albany. It 
has 2 hotels, several stores, and 300 inhabitanta. 



Jeeicho, p. o., Wayne en., A' Car. ; 41 m. S. E. Kaleigh. 

jEEitiio, t and p. v.. Chittenden co., Verm. : on N. side 
of Onion r., 26 m. N. "W. by W. Monlpelier. Drained N. 
by Brown's r. of the Lamoille, which aflbrds good water- 
power. Surface moderately uneven, and soil good ; pasture 
on the hills, and fine meadows on the streams. The Ver- ■ 
mont Central E. E. passes through the S.'VV. part. The v. is 
in the N. on Brown's r^ and has several mills and factories, 
and 500 inhabitants. Pop. oft. 1,539. 

Jeeicho, p. v.. Kane co.. lU. : near Big Eock cr. of Fox 
river, 149 ra. N. N. E. Springfleld. 

jERiaio Centee. p. v., Chittenden county, Vertij. : 22 m. 
N.W. by W. Monlpelier. It contains a hotel, sbveral btwres, 
and 40 dwellings. 

Jeekiga-v, p. o.. Orange county, Flor, : 22S m. S. E. 
Tallahassee. 

Jhp.ome. t. and p. v., Union co., Ohio: on Big Darby cr., 
IS ra. N. W. Columbus. The t. has a rolling surface and 
fertile s<^)il, with some mill-power. The v. has a few stores 
and 20*J inhabitants. Pop. oft 1,249, 

JtBoiTE, p. v., Howard co., Ind, : on the N. side Wild Cat 
cr., 46 m. N. by E. Indianapolis. 

jEBOMEs%aLLE, p. V., Ashlaud county, Ohio : on "Wal- 
honding r., 6S m. N. N. E. Cohimbus. 

Jecsey county, ///. Situate W. centrally, and contains 
820 sq. m. Drained N. by Macoupin cr., W. by Illinois r. 
S. by the Mississippi, aud by their afflaents. Surface gen- 
erally level; soil very productive of com and wheat, and 
exc<-Uent grazing land. On the Mississippi are blutf^, 100 
or 2*}0 feet high, of alternate limj^stone and sandstone strata, 
and through the county coal is found just below the surface. 
There is some prairie, but timber is plenty. Farms 64.5 ; 
manuf. 44; dwell. 1,222, and pop.— wh. 7,300, fr. coL 54— 
total 7.354. Capital : Jerseyville. 

Jeeset, L and p. v.. Licking county, Ohio : 17 m. N. E. 
Columbus. The t has a rich soil and some water-p<iwer. 
Pop. 1,230. 

Jbeset, p. v., Oakland co., l^fich. : 56 m. E. Lansing. 

Jeesey Cm", p. city, and p. of entry, Hudson co.. A' J. : 
on the TV. bank of Hudson river, opposite the city of Xew 
York, and connected with it by steam ferries. Incorporated 
in lf20, anri in ISol the v. of Harsimus. Pavonia. etc., were 
annexed. The streets run at right angles along and from 
the river front There are several important manufacloriea 
here, as soap, glass, iron, pottery, ropes, starch, etc.. and 
ship-building, and it has good wharves. The Cunard 
Steamships' Dock is here, and much business is created 
by the Morris Canal and the railroads terminating at this 
point Southern and Western travel from New Tork City 
properly commences at Jersey City. Pop. of the city proper, 
6,S'^6. or with its recent accessions, 11.473. 

Jecset Peaieie, p. 0., Cass co.. III. : 31 m. W. by X. 
Springfleld. 

Jep-set Settlement, p. o.. Davidson co., K Car. .- 92 m, 
TV. Ealeigh, 

Jersey Shoee. p. b.. Lycoming co., Penn. : on N. side 
of TV. branch of Susquehanna r., 73 m. N. by TV. Harris- 
burg. It lies in a great coal and iron region, and has a 
large trade, some small manufactories, a dozen stores, and 
725 inhabitants, A furnace and forge is 4 m. distant The 
Pennsylvania Canal pa-sses through Ihe b. 5-3 m. from Kor- 
thumberland. The " Jersey Shore EepubUcan" (dem.) is 
issued weekly. 

Jerseytown, p. v., Montour co.. Perm. : 56 m. X. by E. 
Harrisburg. It contains two stores, a high sehool, and 200 
inhabitants. 

Jerseytille, p. v.. and rap. Jersey county. III. : 59 m. 
S. TV. by S. Springfield. Situate near Jersey Prairie, and 
contains a court-house, jail, several stores, and 760 inhab- 
itanL*. 

Jeecsalem, t and p. v.. Yates co., A'! Y. : on the TV. side 
of Crooked Lake, 1S7 m. TV. .Vlbany. Surface somewhat 
billy; soil a fertile loam, yielding good grass and grain. 



JER 



JOH 



FarminK is the chief occupation. The v. has two hotels, a 
high scliool, several stores, and 400 inhabitaats. Topula- 
tion of L 2,912. „ . ^„ 

Jr.EU8AL«i, p. v., and cap. Southampton co FT' 17.. on 
the N. side of Nottoway r., C2 m. S. by t. Richmond. It 
contains a court-house, jail, two hoteb, and a few houses 

jKi:usii.!ai, p. 0., Davie CO., J^ Car.: 106 m-W. bj N. 

" JKKC8AIJ3I, p. v., Monroe county, Ohio: 9T m. E. by S. 

Jr....is.^Loi M.LU, p. 0., Harford co., MJ.: on E. side 
of Little Gunpowiior Falls, 41 m. N. by E. Annapolis. 

Jr.Eis.iLr.ii SotiTH, p. v.. Queens co., IT. Y. : 187 m. B. 
Albany— a small vUlafre sdllod by Friends. 

Jiss'ajuse county, Ay. Situate N. centrally, and contains 
ISi m. m. B.>nnded S. E, S., and S. W. by Kcnlmky r., 
and drained by lli.-kman and Jessamine creeks. Surface 
uneven, affording line mill-seats; soU very good, equally 
for grain and grass. Large numbers of sheep and swme 
are raised. Farms C51 ; manuf. 67 ; dwell. 1,09.3, .-uid pop- 
-wh 6 "89, fr. col. bW, »l. 3,525-tolal 10,249. OJjnM: 
KichotoviUe. public Worbi : Lexington and DanviUc 

^' Jink's Stokf, p. o., Shelby co., Xy. ; "W. Frankfort 

Jessup's Cut, sla., Anne Arundel eo., m. : on Washing- 
ton Branch P.. R., 14 m. from Baltimore. .,^ o „ 
JtrrEitsviixF., P.O., AmcUa eo., Virg.: 41 m. W. S. V,. 

Eicbmond. „ „ „„ c irr 

Jeweit, I. and p. v., Greene county, 2.1 T. : S2 m. S. W. 
Albany. Draine<l by heads of Schoharie cr. Sii'fuco un- 
even, and soil mostly fertile. Fanning is largely ean-ied 
on. The v. has a hotel and several dweUings. Population 

jEwm Cexteb, p. v., Greene CO., Al K: 35 m. S. W. 

Jewett Cirr, p. v., Now London co., Conn. : on tho E. 
side of Quinnebaug r., at the junction of the Patchaug, 38 ra. 
E. S. E. Hartford. The rivers have a largo fall here, which 
fumL'hes abundance of water-power. Tho v. has several 
large citton factories, a bank, academy, maehine-shop, and 
1,50(1 inhabitants. Its trade is considerable. On the Nor- 
wich and Worcester K. li.. 16 m. from Norwich. 

,TiM Town, p. o., Monongalia CO., Virg. : 209 m. N. W. 
Kiclimond. 

doASNA FfESAci!, p. T., Bcrks county, Pfnii. : 53 m. 
E. Tlarrbburg. A furnace of 1,000 tons rapacity is located 
here. 

JoBE, p. o., Oregon co., Mo. : 103 m. S. S. E. Jefferson 
Cily. 

JoBSTOWs, p. v., Burlington co., N. Jer. : 12 m. S. S. E. 
Trenton. 

Jo DAvrcss county. III. Situate N. W. comer, and eon- 
Inins 594 sq. m. Drained by Sinsinewa, Fevro, Small Pox, 
Apple, r.ush, and Plum rivers, affluenls of the Missi."«ippi, 
lis W. boundary. Surface undulating and in p.arls broken; 
soil generally very good. A good farming county, with 
some water-power, but its minerals engross almost exclusive 
aucniion. It is in the heart of the great lead region of 
S. W. Illinois, S. W. Wisconsin, and E. Iowa, and il« load 
mines are apparently inexhaustible, Uie amount exported 
a-oin Galena in 1S.'>1 being more than 8,<!,000,0(IO pounds. 
Cupper of excellent quality is abundant ; considerable silver, 
and even gold, has been found ; and limestone, fteesUmo, 
and sandstone exist through lUo county. Farms 1,870; 
manuf. 279: dwell. 3,W1, and pop.— wh. 13,336, fr. col. 213 
— total IS.CW. C.ii/i(ui: Galena. PuWio Foj** ; Central 
Illinois IL U. 

Jons's. p. o.. Liberty county, Tox.: ITl m. E. B. E. 
Austin Cily. 

John's river. iV. Ilamp.: rises in Jefferson, Coos co., 
end (lows N. W. imo the ConnecdcuU Bordered by forests 
of huge pines. 
836 



JoH>-SBtn.on, I. and p. v., Warren co., S. I. .• on W^o 
of Uudson r., 63 m. N. by W. Albany. Drained by afflu- 
cnts of the Hudson, which furnish many mill-s.tes. Bur- 
hi mountainous ; sod a light sandy loam adapted to grass. 
Th^ r^nl^Iins 2 hotels, 4 stores, and 800 inhabitants. Pop. 

"'joSn county, Ar^. Situate N. W and conlains9ra 
eqTm Drained by Horse Head, Great Pmc, Caney creek 
etc , affluents of the Arkansas, which crosses the S. of the 
county. Surface uneven, and in parts hilly ; sod fertile on 
the streams, and generally excellent pasture Com, calUe, 
and pork are staples, and good cotton ,s raised. r»"ns526, 
manuf. 21 : dwell. 777, and pop.-wh. 4,4S9, tr. col. 7, si. 731 
—total 6 227. Capital : Clarksville. 

JoussoN county, lU. Situate 8., and contains 326 sq. m. 
Drained by Cedar, Big Bay, and Cash creeks, afllaenta of 
the Ohio. Surface mostly level, with low land and ponds 
in the S. ; soil sandy and well timbered. Com and pork 
are the leading products. Sulphur springs are found. 
Farms 801 ; manuf. 4; dwell. 718, and pop.— wU. 4,096, ft. 
col i7_total 4,113. Ca^Jita' .• Vienna. 

Joii-NBON county, Ind. Situate centrally, and contains 
.S^l^q m. It lies between the upper portions of E. and W. 
forks of White r., and is drained by their branches, Sugar, 
Toun^-s, Indian, and other creeks. Surface varied, in the 
S W.^hilly, S. and S. E. undulating, in other parts level 
It has no waste land, but a rich loamy soil, generally cover- 
ed with excellent timber. Tho staples are grain and pork. 
Tobacco Is also raised. Farms 1,163; manuf 25; dwell, 
o 007 and pop.-wh. 12,056, tr. col. 15-total 12.101. Cap- 
ital; Franklin. PMic Works: Madison and Indianapo- 
lis E. R. ; Martinsville Branch E. E. 

JoiLSSoN county, la. Silnatc E., and contains 584 sq. m. 
Drained by Iowa r., Clear and Old Man's creeks, and in 
the N. E. by Cedar r., all branches of the Iowa. Surface 
diversified, with some prairie; sod very fertUe. The Iowa 
is navigable part of the year, and furnishes exceUent watetw 
power above Iowa City. It has quarries of fine buUdmg 
stone, beautifully variegated, and known as " bu-d's-eyo 
marble." Farms 877 ; manuf. 19 ; dwell. 799, and pop.- 
wh 4 450, fr. col. 22— total 4,472. Capital: Iowa City. 
rnlUc Works: Lyons and Iowa City E. R.; Camanche 
and Iowa City E. E. ; Davenport and CouncU Bluffs P.. E. ; 
Dubuque and Keokuk E. E., etc. 

Johnson county, Ky. Situate N. E., and contains 3,9 
.q m. Drained by W. fork of Big Sandy r. and Big Paint 
or. Surface elevated and uneven; soU well adapted to 
gr.Tzing. Catde and hogs are the leading products. Farms 
504; manuf. 6: dweU. COS, and pop.-wh. 3,843, fr. eoL 0, 
si. 30— total 8,S73. Caj«(ai .■ Painesvillc. 

J0U.N80N county. Mo. Situate W. centrally, and eontams 
809 sq. m. Drained by Black Water r., flowing into Mis- 
souri r., and Panther r., a branch of the Osage. Surface 
sli^hUy broken, with excellent timber and good mUl streams ; 
.soil fine, generaUy, and superior for grazing. Com and 
pork are the staples, an.l some tobacco is grown. Farois 
7.50 ; manuf. 2S : dwell. 1,030, and pop.— wb. 6,578, fr. coL 
12, sL 879-lotal 7,464 OyHtoJ: Warrensburg. 

JonssoN county, Tenn. Situate in N. E. corner, and coo- 
tains 312 sq. m. Drained by Watauga r. and its branches, 
allluents of Ilolston r. It lies between mountain ridges and 
is much broken in parts, but has a rich soil in the Tally's 
Snd fine grarfng. It has good water-power and misider- 
ablc iron ore. Farms 325; manuf. 42; dwell. MS, and 
pop.-wh. S,4«5, fr. col. 14, sl. 206-total 8,705. Capital: 
TaylorsviUe. .v t.^ 

JouNsoN, t and p. T., Lamoille co., Yerm. : on the La- 
moille, 29 m. N. by W. Montpeher. Surface uneven aiid 
well wooded with bemlock, spmce, and oak; sod Largely 
alluvial and very fertile: back of the streams chiefly fitted 
for grazing. The v. is in the S., on the Lamoille, and has 
several mills and 800 inhabitants. Boapstone is found. 
Pop. of 1. 1.891. 



jon 



JON 



Jonseox, p. o., Floyd county, Ga.: 149 ni. N. W. 
Mill wigevi lie. 

JonssoK, p. o., M'Donough county, IlL: 65 ni. N. W. 
Springneld. 

Johnson, p. o., ■Washington county, Mb, : 73 ni. S. E, 
Jefferson City. 

JoiiNSONBURGn, p. V., "WatTPn co., 2T. Jer.: about 4 m. 
from Peqnost r.. 51 m. N. by W. Trenton. It has several 
mills and about 300 inliabitjtnts. 

Joun30n's, p. o., Montgomery co., Tenii.: 51 m. N. "W. 
Nashville. 

JouNSON's, sta., Barnwell disl-, ^S. Car.: on S. Carolina 
E. K., 22 m. from Augusta and 115 from Charleston. 

JoiiNSONSBURGii, p. V., Wyoming eo., y. Y. : 280 m. "W. 
Albany. 

Johnson's Coknees, p. v., Summit ca, Ohio: 111 m. 
N. E. ColumI)U3. 

Johnson's Cri:ek, p. v., Jefferson co., TTwc, ; on a branch 
of Eock r. so called, 31 m. E. Madisun. 

Johnson's Ckf.kk, p. v., Niagara co., ]\\ Y. : on a cn-ik 
so called, flowing into Lake Ontario, 24'J m. W. by ^"■ 
Albany. 

Johnson's Fokks, p. o., Morgan co., Ay. ; 93 m. E. S. E. 
Frankfort. 

Jounson's Mills, p. o., Titt co., JV" Cm: : on Swift cr., 
an affluent of the Ncuse, 59 ni. E. S. E. Ealeigh. 

Johnson's Mills, p. o., Clark co., III.: on X. fork of 
Embarras r., 101 m. E. S. E. Springfield. 

Johnson's Springs, p. o., Goochland co., Virg. : 27 m. 
W. N. "W, Kiehmond. 

JoHNsoNTowN, p. o., 'Norlhampton co., Tirg. : on the 
Eastern Shore, 94 m. E. by S. Richmond. 

JoHNSoNviLLE, sta., Eensselaef CO., 2^. Y. : on the Troy 
and Boston H. II., 1 G m. from Troy. 

JoHNSONviLLE, p. o., Cumberland co., K. Oir. : 44 m. 
S. S. W. lialeigh. 

JoHNsoNViLLE, p. T., Trunibull CO., Ohio: 117 m. N. E. 
Columbus. 

JoHNSONviLLK, p. o,, "Williamsburgh dist., S. Car.: near 
Black r, 91 m. E. P. E. Columbia. 

Johnston county, ^V! Cor. Situate E. centrally, and con- 
tains C64 sq. m. Drained by Moccasin and Litlle rivery. 
and Swill, Middle, and Black creeks, all aflbienta of the 
Neuse, whieli crosses the county in its S. E. course. Sur- 
face uneven and brolcen, wilb iLumerons mill-seals; soil of 
average fertility. Cotton and corn, b(?^'f and pork are lead- 
ing product. Farms l,0(i2 ; nianuf. 102 : <hvell. 1.704, and 
pop.— wh. 6,900, fr. eol. 1G3, si. 4.GG3— total 13.726. Capital : 
SmithHeld. Public Works ; N. Carolina Central K. E. 

Johnston, p. o., Poinsett county, Arl:: 112 m. N. E. 
Litlle Uoek. 

JouNSTONviLLE, p. o., Monroc CO., Ga. : 51 m. "W. by N. 
Milledgeville.- 

Johnstown, t. and p. v., Barry co., 3ric7i. : 8S m. "W. S.W. 
Lansing. The t. has an uneven surface and good soil, is 
well timbered, and has several ponds, the sources of afflu- 
ents of Thorn-apple r. on the N., and S. of the Kalamazoo. 
The V. has a few houses and stores. Pop. of t 4.^0. 

Johnstown, t., p. v., ami cap. Fulton co., A^ Y. : 39 m. 
N. W. Albany. Drained by Cayuduta and Garoga creeks 
of the Mohawk. Surface hilly, and soil a fertile loam. 
Noted for the nianufucturc of buckskin gloves, mittens, and 
moccasins. Tlie v. is on Cayuduta, or Litlle Canada cr., 4 ni. 
N. of Mohawk r. and the TTlica and Schenectady E. E. It 
has some water-power, and manufactures carriages, arms, 
leather, and various kinds of machinery. It h.as a court- 
house and jail, tlie oldest in the State, the county clerk's 
office, a bank, an academy. 7 churches, 6 hotels, 20 stores, 
and l,.5t)0 inhabitants. There is a sulphur spring near here, 
The " F. County Deinooraf ' (deni.), and " F. County Re- 
publican" (whig), are published weekly. Population of 
town 6,131. 

21 



.T.iiiNSTowN, p. v.. Licking co., O/owj; 21 m. N. E. Co- 
Iunil)U3. It contains 8 clmrches, several large stores, a high 
Bcho(»l, and 857 inhabitants. 

Johnstown, p. b., Cambria co., rmn, : at the junction 
of Stony er. and Kiskiuilnitas r., 114 ni. W. by N. llarris- 
burg. It is regularly laid out, has good water-power, some 
manufactures, and 1,269 inhabitants. There are 4 furnaces 
near here, with an aggregafe capacity of 7,000 tons. Tho 
Pennsylvania Canal and E. E. pass thrmigli Iliu borough 
S5 m. from PiUslJurg. Two newspapers, the " Eclio" (^dem.), 
and ''Valley 'Wrcalh" (whig), arc published weekly. 

Johnstown, t, and p. v., Rock co., H7.vc. .■ 34 m. S. E. 
Maclison. Tlic town lias an undulating surface, and a soil 
adapted to grain. Fine liniestone is quarried in this vicin- 
ity. The V. has several stores and workshops. Pupulation 
of town 1,571. 

Johnstown Centre, p. v., Eoek co., Wifu\ : 38 m. S. E, 
Madison. 

JoHNsvn.LE, p. v., Mpntgomery co., Ohio: 51 m.W. by S. 
Columbus. 

JoHNsviLLK. ]). v., Frederick CO., Jf<f. : near Sam's cr., 52 
m. N. 'W. Annapolis. The v. is not large, but surrounded 
by excellent farms. 

JoLiKT. p.v., ami cap. 'Will co., lU. : on the O'Plain r.,143 
ra. N. E. by N. Springfield. The r. affords v.'ilnal>le wat^r- 
power, which is used for several factories and mills. Tho 
j)rineipal buildings are a court-house, jail, an academy, sev- 
eral line hotels and eburehes, and large warehouses. Tho 
Illinois and Michigan Canal passes through the v., and the 
Chicago and Uoek Island E. E. 40 m. from Cliieago. The 
'Moliet Signal" (dem.), and the "True Democrat" (whig), 
are published weekly. Pop. about 2,659. 

Jolly, t. and p. v., "Washington co., Ohio : 79 m. E. 8. E. 
Columbus. Pop. of t. 1.015. 

Jollvtown, p. v., Greene co., Penn.: 1S9 m. "W. by 8. 
Harrisburg. 

Jonathan's Creek, p. o., Haywood co., K. Car. : near a 
braneh of Big Pigeon r. so called, 249 m. "W. Ealeigh. 

Jones C'luuty. Ga. Situate N. centrally, and contains 816 
sq. m. Drained by Wttlimt and Falling crreks, aflluenla 
of Oemulgeo river, which touches its "W. border. Surface 
somewhat broken, affording fine mill-streams; soil very 
liTtile, producing large cotton crops, a goml yield of wheat 
and corn, and good pasturage. It has imporlanl manufac- 
torics of flour and iron ware. Farms 405; manuf. 15; 
dwell. 739, and ])op.— wh. O.S99. fr. col. 46, si. G.279— total 
10.224. Capital: Clinton. PuUlc Works: Central Geor- 
gia E. E. 

Jones county, Ta. Situate E. centrally, and contains 57G 
sq. m. Drained by Makoqut-ta r. and its branelu-s, Full r. 
and Bear er., and Wapsipinieon r. and its branehes.Walnut 
and Buffalo creeks. Surface level or undulating. It has a 
fine soil for grain and grass, plenty of tindx-r, and good 
water-power. The grains form the staple exj)orts. Farms 
225; nianuf. 3; dwell. 559. and pop— wh. 3,000, fr. eol. 1 — 
total 3,007. Capital: Anamosa. PuUicWork^: Dubuque 
and Keokuk K. E. 

Jones county, Miss. Situate S. E., and cont.ains 7SS sq. m. 
Drnined by Bogne Hume, Tallaha, ami Leaf creeks, affln- 
ucnts of Paseagoula r. Surface slightly uneven, and soil of 
moderate fertilily. Corn, cattle, and swine are the chief 
pr.Klucts. Farn'is 274; manuf. 0; dwell. 310, and pop.— 
wh. 1,SS7, fr. col. 8, si. 274— total 2,1&4. Capital: ElUa- 
villc. 

JoN-ES county, K Car. Situate S. E., and contains 829 
sq. m. Drained by Trent r., which flows E. into the Neuee. 
Surface level, and much of it low and marshy ; soil, in parts, 
verv fiTlile— in otln-r^. waste, irreclaimable land. Cotton ie 
the' chief product: corn is a barge, crop, and the marshes 
produce rice. Farms 240 ; mannf. 14 ; dwell. 440, and pop. 
— wh. 2,139, fr. col. 142, sL 2,757— total 5,U3S. Capital: 
Trt-uton. 

S3T 



JON 



JUN 



Jones, p. o., Panola coanty, Tex. : 236 m. £. N. £. 
Austin City. 

.Tones' Butf, p. v., Siimlcr co. Aia.: on the right bank 
of Turiiblgbfe r., lOS m. \V. by N. Monlgomery. 

JoNKSHonocGii. p. v.. Grant co., //^</. : oa Mi^isaioewar., 
54 m. N. N. E. Indianapolis. 

JoNKSRonoutiu, p. r., JeOerson ca, Ala. : 79 m. N. K. TV. 
Montgrimcry, 

Jon H:sB<)KOL'Qn, p. y., FnyettP co., Ga. : 76 in. W. N. W. 
Millcdjieville. The Macon and Wrstcm E. R. passes through 
Uie V. 79 m. from Macon, and 22 from Atlanta. 

JoNF:SDoaocGn, p. v., and cap. Union county, //A ; 167 ra. 
S. by K. SpringHi-'Id. It cnnlaina a court-huusc, jail, a few 
large stores, nntl 2 inhabilauls. The ''J. Gazette" (dem.) 
is iasuL'd weekly, 

JosESDOunuGH, t. and p. v., Washington co., Me.: at the 
bead <if English man's I>ay, 114 mile? K. by N. Augusta. 
Chandk-r's r. flows through the L, alTttrding water-power, at 
the moulli orHhich Ihe v. lies. Pop. of i. -iCC. 

JoKj:snoBot:(;ir, p. v.. Saline co., Mo.: on Salt fork of La 
Wine r.. CI in. W. N. W. Jeffereon City. 

JoNESuoEoucn, p. v;, and cap. Washington co., Terui.: 
2-39 m. K. by N. Nashvilie. It contains a court-house, jail, 
two academies, and al>out 500 inhabitants. 

JoNKiBor.oi:r,n, p. v., Brunswick county, Virg.: 52 m. 
fi.W. l>yS. Kichinond. 

Jo.NES' Creek, p. o.. Randolph co,, lU. : on tho cr. so 
ca]le<l, and near t!ie Mississippi, 137 m. S. Springf^ebi. 

JoN^M' Cefek, p. 0., Liberty county, Ga.: 76 m. S. E. 
Milledgeville. 

Jones' Milus, p. o., Tallabusha co., MUs. : 109 m. N. N. E. 
Jackson. 

Josr-8' Mills, p. o., M'Nairy co., Tenn^: 123 m. S. "W. 
Naalivillc. 

Jones' Mills, p. o., Mcrriwctber county, Ga, : 83 m. W. 
Milledgeville. 

JoNKs' Mills, p. v., Westmoreland co., Penn. : 147 m.W. 
Harrisburg. 

JosKs' NuRSEr.v, p. o., Clark county, Ky. : 51 m. E. S. E. 
Frankfort. 

Jos^:s1■oRT. I. and p. o., Washiugtnn county, Me.: 112 ra. 

E. by X. Augusia. It has an excelkiit harbor, and is engaged 

in ship-building, the flsberics, and coasting trade. Pop. S26. 

JoMs's, sta., Hamilton oo., Ohio : on the Cincinnati, 

Hamilton, and Dayton R. R.. 20 m. from Cincinnati. 

Josrs'6 Switch, sta., Morgan co., III. : on the Sangamon 
and Morgan R. K., 39 m. from Springfield. 

JoNiN' Tan-yaeu, p. 0., Calloway co., Mo. : 34 m. N. E. 
Jefferstui City. 

Jonestown, p. v., Lebanon co., Penn. : at the junction 
of Great and Little SwaUira creeks, 24 m. E. N. E. Harris- 
burg. It contains several store8,and CI6 inhabitants. Near 
the V. Is a forge producing annually 150 tons of bars. 

JoNRsviLLH, p. v., Hillsdale co., Mi<:h. : on E. side of St. 
Joseph r. of Lake Michigan, 49 in. S. Lansing. There ia 
floe waUT-power here and exU-nsive mills, nianufiieturing 
flour. wooU'ns, coanje cottons, and machinerv. It has a 
considerable amounl of trade. The Michigan Southern 
E. R. p-isscs through th.- vill.age 75 m. from Monroe. The 
« Jonesville Telegraph" (neutral) is publit.he<l weekly, and 
the " Tniun S. S. Visitor" (religious), serai-monthly. Popu- 
lation 5G5. 

JosEsviLLE, p. v., Saratoga co., y. Y. : 17 m. N. by W. 
Albany. 

Jonesville, p. o., Yadkin co., Al Car.: on the S. side 
of ^ adkin r., 12-> m. W. S. W. Raleigh. 

JONESV.U.F. p. v.. Monroe co., Ohio: near SunQsh creek, 
110 m. K. by S. Columl)la. 

JoN^:svtl.LK, p. v.,i:nion district, ^ Car. ; about 3 m. from 
racolet r.. 69 m. K. N. W. Columbia. 

JoN&viLLE, p. v., Harrison county, Ttv. : 241 m. N E 
Austin City. 

JowBviLLB, p. v., Chittenden co.. Verm. : on N. side of 
883 



Onion r., 19 m. W. N. W. Montpelier, on the lino of the 
Vermont tVntral R. R., 23 ni. from Burlington. 

JoNi:sv(LLE, p. v.. and cap. Lee co., Virg. : on a branch 
of Powell's r., about 6 m. from the Cumberland mountaiua, 
316 m. W. by S. Richmond. It contains a court-house, jail, 
a few stores, and 80O inhabitants. 

JoPPA, sia., Plymouth county, J/(/-m. -* on Bridgewater 
Branch of Old Colony R. R., 2(i m. from Bostctn. 

JonDAN, p. v., Onondaga co., J\>\ Y. : on the outlet of 
Skenealeles Lake, 141 m. W. by N. Albany. It contains 4 
churclk's, C hotels, 15 stores, several flotiring and saw mills, 
and manufactories of wooden ware. The Eric Canal pas&cfl 
through the v. 19 m. W. Syracuse. Pop. of v. 1.500. 

Jordan's ^Iills, p. o., Orangeburgh dist., S. Car. : on a 
brandi of South Edisto r., 37 m. S. by W. Cohimbia. 

Jordan's Peajbie, p. o., Jefferson co., ///. ; 108 m. S. S. E. 
Springfield. 

Jordan's Saline, p. v., an<i cap. Vanzandt county, Tex.: 
near the Sabine r., 197 m. N. E. Austin City. It contains a 
court-house, a few stores, and 150 inhabitants. In tho vicin- 
ity are salt springs of much value, and excellent pasture 
land. 

Jordan's Store, p. o.,WiUiamson co.^Tenn. : 26 m. S.W. 
Kashville. 

Jordan's Vallet, p. o., Rutherford co., Tenn.: 26 m. 
S. E. Nashville. 

JoEDANviLLE, p. V., Hcrkimer co., K. Y. : 131 m.W. N.W. 
All,>any. 

Josco, t and p. v., Livingston eo., Mich.: 87 m. E. S. E, 
Lansing. Drained by heads of Cedar r. Surface undulat- 
ing : soil sandy loam. A farming town. Pop. of t. 645. 

Josephine, p. o., Woodford co., III.: on a branch of 

Mackinac cr., 76 m. N. N. E. Springfield. 

Joy, p. v., Wayne co., N. Y. : IS'i m. W. by N. Albany. 

Joyner's Dep6t, p. v., Edgecombe.oo., Al Car. : 46 m, 

E. by N.Raleigh. Thesta. ison theWilmington and Weldon 

R. R., 33 m. from Weldon, and 126 from Wilmington. 

Juda, p. v., Greene county, Wise. : 84 in. S. by W. 
Madison. 
JcuA Dean. p. o., Davidson co., Trnn. 
JuLiANN Furnace, Centre co., Petin. : 72 m. N. W, 
Harrisburg. The furnace produces 1,400 toi»s of iron 
annually. 

JiruAN's Gap, p. o., Hamilton co., Temi.: 112 m. S. E. 
Nashville. 

JtTLicsTowN, p. v., Burlington co.. A". Jer. : 15 m. 9. S. E. 
Trenton. 

JiTNCTioN. p. o.. Da Page co., ///. ; 165 m. N. N. E. 
Springfield. On the line of the Galena and Chicago Union 
R. R., 30 m. from Cliicago, and here the branches diverge 
to Aurora and Geneva. 

Junction, sla.. Providence co., 12. 1. : on the Stonington 
K. R., 5 ni. S. Providence. 

Junction, sta., New Haven co., Conn. : on the E. bank 
of Uousalonic r., at the divergence of Xaugatuck E. E. 
from the New York and New Haven Railroad, 9 m. from 
Bridgeport. 

Junction, p. o., Rensselaer co., A"! Y. : 14 m. N. by E. 
Albany. 

Junction, sta., Chemnng co., Al }'. .• at the junction of 
the Canandaigua and Elmira R. R. with the Erie K. K., 4 
m. W. Elmira. 
Junction, p. o.. Contra Costa co., Calif. 
Junction, p. o., Yuba co., Calif.: on Yuba r., 127 m. 
N. E. Vallejo. 

Junction, p. v., Paulding co., Ohio: at the junction of 
Miami Canal with the Wabash and Erie Caiial, 112 ra. N. W. 
Columbus. 

JuNirrioN, p. v., Hanover co., Virg.: on N. side of 

South Anna r.. at the junction of the Virginia Central R. E. 

and the Uirbm.Mid, Krfdcrick,and Potomac R. R., 23 m. by 

the laH<T from Richmond. 

Junction, sta., Greenville co., Virg. : on the Petersburg 



JUN 



KAN 



K. K., 20 m. N. "Wddnn. The Greenville a:i<l Hoanokc | 
E. K. diverges hence and connccta with the Gaston and 
Raleigh R. K. 

Junction Store, p. c, Botetourt co., Virr;. ; 129 m. W. 
Richmond. 

JpNEAir. p. v., and cap. Dodge co., Wise.: on a branch 
of Beaver Dam r., 39 m. E. N. E. Madison. It contains the 
court-house, a few stores, and 150 inhabilanis. 

•TrMATA county, I'onn. Silnate S. centrally, and con- 
tains o26 sq. m. Drained by Juniata r. and LicUine: and 
Tuscjirnra creeks, affluents t)f the Siisquelianna, which its 
E. bordt-r touches. Surface broken aiul mountainous; soil 
verj- ft-rtile in the valleys and very ^ood, pmducina; great 
crops of wheat, rye, corn, and buekwlieat, and affording 
the best of grazing. This is an excellent farming and dairy 
county, and great numbers <if cattle and sheep feed on its 
fine pjrstnres. Much pork is fatted also, and it is not want- 
ing in deposit-^ of coal and iron. Farms .So'2 ; manuf, 55; 
dwell. 2.l6Sand pop,— \vh. 12.9n4. fr. col. 125— total 13,029. 
Oipitid: Miffliiitown. PuhUc Wo}'ks: Pt-nnsyivania K. R. 
and Canal. 

JtTNiATA. river, Perm. : formed by the junction of Franks- 
town and Raystown branches, and fli>ws E. to the Susque- 
hanna. 15 m. above Ilarrisbiirg. The Pennsylvania Canal 
and li. R. pass along its hanks. 

Juniata, t. and j^ v.. Perry co., Peiui. : on S. side of 
Jnniala r., 26 m. N. W. llarrishurg. Drained by Buffalo 
and Raccoon creeks. Surface broken ; soil in the valleys very 
ric^t. It has fine water-power, and manufactures flour, 
leather, and iron. The Pennsylvania R. R. crosses the N. 
part. Pop. of t. 3.215. 

Juniata Ckowjings, p. v., Bedford co., Pe7i7i.: 86 m. 
"W. S. W. Harrisburg. 

Junior, p. v., Scioto co., Ohio: about 3 m. from the Ohio, 
95 m. S. by E. Columbus. 

JiiNius, t, and p. v.. Seneca co., iSI 11 ; 165 m. W. by N. 
Albany. Surface rolling; soil a rich loam, producing fine 
wheat. It has little water-power, and farming is the chief 
occupation. The v. has several stores and 2ir0 inluibitants. 
Pop.oft. 1.516. 

Juno. p. o., Henderson co., Tr^nn.: 95 m. W. S. W. 
Nashville. 

Justus' Mills, p. o., Hempstead co., Ark. : 116 m. S. W. 
Little Rock-. 

Jykill island. Gn.: at the mouth of Turtle and Little 
Santilla rivers, and on tlie S. E. coast of Glynn co. It pro- 
duces the best of sea-island cotton. 



K. 



KAATEF-^KrLL. jVi Y. : an affincnl of Calskill er. It has 
its sources fnim two ponds, each a mile and a half in cir- 
cumference, in the town of Hunter, west of the Mountain 
House, on CatskiU Muunlain. Two miles fmm the h-mse 
are a succession of beautiful and roniantic water-falls — the 
flrst b'.ing a descent of 175 fcet—llie second, immediately 
ib(lo'wing,*<5 feet more; making the whole descent 260 feet, 
then plunging through a dark chasm, from which it takes a 
m«:-anderin«r course to Catskill creek. 

Kabletowx, p. o., Jefferson ca, Virg. : 12S m. N. hy W. 
Richmond. 

Kalama river, Ortv;. Ten. : a. tributary of Columbia r., 
•which it meets about 13 m. alwve the mouth of Cowlitz r. 

Kala-Mazoo county, ^f^<■/l■. Situate S. W.. and contains 
576 sq. m. Drained by Kalamazoo r. in the N. and by Four 
Mile. Bear, and Gull creeks. Surface level, or slightly un- 
dulating: soil, a black loam of extraordinary fertility. It 
has much heavy timber, beech, maple, a^h. and black wal- 
nut, and a small part is prairie. It is an excelltmt farming 
and grazing co., producins all the grains in the greatest 
profusion, and is hardly less adapted to manufaclurins;, hav- 
ing an abundance of the best water-power. Bog-iron ore 



js eX'tonsively found. Farms 1,093; manuf. M ; dwell. 
2.:^S7. and pop.— wh. 13,li70, fr. col. 109— total 13,171). Cop- 
itiil: Kalamazoo. Puhlin Wor7:/» : Michigan Central R.R. 

Kai,amazoo, t., p. v., and cap. Kalamazoo eo., ^ficfl. : 51 
m. W. S. "W. Lansing. Drained by Kalamazoo r. and sev- 
eral small iriliutaries. Surface moderately level, thickly 
woodL-d, and rich and productive. The v. lies on the W. 
bank of the Kalamazoo r., and on the line of the Michigan 
Cf'Uiral It. R. The principal buildings are the courl-hoiise, 
jail, Huron Literary Institute, and a branch of the Univer- 
sity of Michigan. Pop. 2.507. This is a very thriving, t^^m- 
mereial, and manufacturing town, and is surrounded by a 
rich farming district There are two pap<^r.s published 
weekly, the "Kalamazoo Gazette" (dem.). and "Michigan 
TWegrapli" (whig). There is here an U. S. land office. 
Pop. oft. 3.2S1. 

Kalamazoo river, Mich.: it has its sources in Hilladalo 
and Jack-oon counties, and with its affiuents drains also 
Calhoun, Eaton, B.'irry, Kalamazoo, and Allegan counties. 
Its course is circuitous, with a length of 200 m., gem-rally 
W. N. W.. emptying into Lake ^Michigan only 9S m. in a 
direct lino from its source, and 41 m. N. of St. Joseph's r. 
This river, with its tributaries, affords extensive mill-power, 
and flows through farming districts of unsurpassed fertility. 
It is navigable ft)r vessels of 50 tons to Allegan. 3S m. from 
the mouth, where there is 6 or 7 feet of water on the bar, 
when the stream pours its l-itst amount into the lake. 

Kalamo. t. and p. o., Eal^>n co., 3[ich. : 24 m. W. S. W. 
Lansing. Drained by the Big Fork of Thorn-apple river. 
Pop. 429. 

Kalapooya, v., Linn co., Oreg. Ter. : on Kalapooya cr., 
which falls into the Willamette at Albany. 

K ALCASKA county. J/iWi. Situate N.W. on Lower Penin- 
sula, and contains 576 sq. m. Drained by Manistee river, 
emptying into Lake Michigan, and Grand Traverse r., into 
Grand Traverse Bay. Erected since 1S50. 

Kalii>a. p. v., ami cap. Putnam co., Ohio: on the E.bank 
of Ottawa r.. 92 m. N. W. Columbus. It contains a conrt- 
house au'l jail, and supports one newspaper, the " K. Vent- 
urt" (dem.), a weekly issue. 

Kanawha county, Vlrg. Situate N. W., and contains 
1.21> sq. m. Intersected bvGreat Kanawha r., and drained 
by iu nfllucnts in the N., Elk r., Pocataligor, and Sycamoro, 
Sandy, and Big Sandy creeks ; in the S.. by Coal and Lillle 
Coal rivi-rs. and Paiut and Cabin creeks. U has a l)roken 
surface, and an ordinary soil, but great mineral resources; 
these consist principally of bituminous coal, of which six or 
seven million bushels are dug annually, and salt springs, 
which are very numerous and rich, the salt made from their 
waters exceeding two million bushels per year. It has, be- 
sides, good wat'T-power on the numerous branches of Great 
Kanawiiar.. which is here alarge navigai)le stream. Karma 
777; manuf. 110; dwell. S.llO.and pop.— wh. 12,t)02,fr. col, 
211, si. 3,140— total 15,353. Gipitnl: Kanawha. Public 
Workfi: Covington and Ohio R. E.; Improvements in tho 
Kanawha river by James River Canal Company. 

Kanawha Court-House, p. v., and cap. Kanawha Co., 
Virg.: on the N. bank of Great Kanawha r., at the juncliou 
with Elk r., about 6 m. above its confluence with Ohio r., 228 
m. W. by N. Richmond. Is pleasantly situale.l, with an 
exten<l.-,i front on the river, which is here navigable for 
steamboats at low water. Also called Chakleston. It con- 
tains a court-house, jail, etc., numerous stores, several steam 
and water mills— saw and flour— and about 170 dwellings. 

Kanawha Saline, p. '>- Kanawha co., Virg. : on the 
N.W. side of Great Kanawha r.. 223 m.W. by N. Richmond. 
It derives its name from the s.ilt business pursued in il3 
vicinity, and is a place of growing importance. 

Kanawha rivtr, Vlrg.: it has its source in Ashe co., N. 
Carolina, where it receives the waters of a number of mill- 
streams, and passing into Virginia, it drains Grayson. Car- 
roll, Wythe, Pulaski, Montgomery, Giles, Monro*, Mercer, 
Greenbrier, Fayette, Nicholas, Kanawha, Putnam, aiid Ma- 

839 



KAN 

8on couDlica : taking a circuitous course, with many mean- 
(lerings, nearly 300 miles, it empllos into tlie Oiiio r. at Poiut 
Pleasani, in hit. 38° 62' N., 174 m. N. by W. of iu source, 
and 252 m. below Pittsburg. At Point Pleasant, CG m. above 
the mouth, arc the Kanawha SaU-works, where llic river is 
nearly 600 feet wide. The salt district extends 15 in. on the 
river, where the salt water is obtained by boring 300 to 500 
feel through rock formation, tubing being passed down to 
exclude fresh water from the side=i, and llirougli which the 
brine rises to a level with the river. Steam-power is used 
for raiding it still higher, and the bituminous eoal of the 
same vicinity la used to effect evaporation. There are on 
this river and its tributaries five veins of common bitumin- 
ous coal and two of cannel, all capable of being worked, 
and all above the level of the river. The largest is said to 
have an aggregate thickness of 24 feet. Tlie cannel-coal is 
said to be equal to any of this kind in the world. About 
100 m. from the mouth are the Great Kails, whero there is a 
single perpendicular descent of 50 feet. The jirincipal 
affluents are the Elk, Coal, and Greenbrier rivers ; tlie other 
Iribtitaries are numerous, and afford very extensive water- 
powers. 

Ka-ve county, IU. Situate N. E., and contains 548 sq. m. 
Drained by Fox r., a branch of the Illinois, which flows S. 
through the E. part. Surfiice level or rolling; soil of great 
fertility, and well cultivated— a superior farming co. On 
the branches of Fox r. is fine W!tter-i)ower and limber, and 
limestone is abundant. Farms 1,015; manuf. 49; dwell. 
2,S2S, and pop.— wh. 1G,69G, fr. col. G— toUd 16,702. Capi- 
tal: Geneva. Ptthlic Works: Galena and Chicago Union 
P.. E. ; St. diaries Branch R. K. ; Aurora Branch P.. E. and 
its extension. 
Kane, p. o., Greene co., IU. : 53 m. S. W. Springfield. 
Kanei^vilix, p. v., and cap. Pollowatlomce co., la. : 6 
m. N. from Fort Croghan, and 4 m. E. from Missouri r., 224 
m. VC. by S. Iowa City. This jilace was settled and built by 
Uie Mormons, and is an interraediate station for the overland 
emigration to Great Salt Lake Valley. The " Frontier 
Guardian"' (whig), is publisbe<l weekly. Pop. about 1,200. 
Kankville, p. o., Kane county, III.: 150 m. N. N. W. 
Springfield. 

Kankakee river, IU. : its sovirce is in St. Joseph's co., 
Indiana. This river, with its tributaries, drains the N. "W. 
part of the State of Indiana, and Iroquois anil Mill counties, 
in Illinois, and uniting with the Des Plaines river, their 
waters form the Illinois river. The principal tributary is the 
Iroquois river. On the S. side of the Kankakee, in Illinois, 
are extensive fields of bituminous coal, and on the upper 
portion of the river are beds of iron ore. This river fnrins 
the northern boundary of the eoal region of Illinois, E. of the 
Illinois r. A company has been chartered for the improve- 
ment of the river, to render it navigable by a system of dams 
and lacks, which at some future day will probably open for 
150 miles as beautiful a country as there is in the West. The 
prairie country is interspersed with groves and barrens, and 
on the E. side there are some sand-ridgcs. The river was 
discovered by the French at an early period. 

Kansas river, Ind. Ter. : its source is in lat. 89*5, near the 
E. hose of the Kocky Mountains, and pursues a generally 
eastern course to tlie Missouri river, at the point where the 
west boundary of the Stale of Missouri leaves the Missouri 
river. Itswholo course is about 1,200 m., and navigable 
OOO m. Iu width at its mouth \a ^40 yards. 

Kan;cas, p. o., Jackson eo., Mo. : on the S. side of the 
Missouri r., 135 m. "\V. by N. Jefferson City. 

Kai-osia, v., Dacotah co., Minn. Ter. : on the W. side 
of the Mississippi r., about 6 m. below SL Paul. It is a flue 
site for a town, but as yet is litUe more than an Indian set- 
tlement. 

KAitTUATTs, p. v., Clenrflcld oo., Pmn.: on the N. bank 
of the W. branch of the Susqm-hanna r., 92 ra. "W. N. W. 
narrisburg. Goal, U-oa, and salt arc produced in the 
Tiolnity . 

MO 



K EA 

Kasey's, p. 0., Bedford county, rirg.: 123 m. W. by S. 
Eiehraond. 

Kaskaskia, p. v., and cap. Eandolph co., IU. : on Kas- 
kaskiar., 10 m. above its confluence with the Mississippi r., 
and on a neck of land between the two, 127 m. S. S. W. 
Springfield. This town is one of the oldest in the Valley 
of the Mississippi, having been settled by the French in 
1GS3, and in 1763, when ceded to the English, had some 130 
families. It is beautifully situate in a lovely country. It 
contains a brick court-house an<l county jail, and also a 
nunnery and Catholic church, and a U. S. land office. Pop 
about 1,000. 

Kabkaskia river, IU,: its source is in Champaign co., 
and runs in its general course S. 8. W., draining with ita 
numerous but small aflluents the counties of Piatt, Moultrie, 
Coles, Shelby, Montgomery, Fayette, Bond, Marion, Clin- 
ton, "Washington, Madison, St. Clair, Monroe, and Ean- 
dulj)h. The navigation of this river has been improved by 
the labor applied under the direction of the Board of Public 
Works, the drift-wood and other obstructions being removed 
from the channel, and sloping timber cut from the banks. 
In high water the river is navigable for 150 m. to Vandalia, 
and some seasons to Shelbyville. At Vandalia the river is 
sjianned by a substantial bridge for the JJational Uoad. The 
countrj' drained by this river is very fc-rtile, and varied by 
suitable proportions of prairie and timber-belts and groves. 
The source is 1S3 m. N. N. E. from the mouth in a direct 
hne, and its length in full. 300 m. 

IvASOAG, p. v., Oswego county, K Y. : 152 m. W. N. "W. 
Albany. 

Kataiidin Iron Works, p. o., Piscataquis co., J/o. ; 96 
m. N. N. E. Augusta, near Katahdin Mountain, which rises 
5,300 feet above the sea level, and affords a vastly grand and 
beautiful view. This mountain may be seen from Bangor, 
70 miles distant, and is particularly noted for its steep ac- 
clivities, and its isolation in the district. 

Kattelville, p. o., Broome co., iV. T. : 124 m. "W. S. W. 
Albany. 

Kaufman county, Tex. Situate N. E. centrally, and con- 
tains 1,10S eq. m. Drained by E. ami W. fork of Trinity 
r., its S. "W. boundary. Ferry's and Lacy's forks of Cedar 
cr., its braucli, and many small affluents, and in the N. E. 
by heads of Sabine r. Siu-f;K*e undulating, with some con- 
siderable elevations in the N., and good timlwr on the 
streams ; soil a sandy loam, and mostly very productive- 
adapted to eom and cotton. Ilere is also excellent grazing 
in many parts. Its streams are not large, but some of them 
furnish good mill-seats. Farms 94; manuf. 0; dwell. 170, 
and iK.p.— wh. 9S2, fr. col. 0, si. 65— total 1,047. aipital; 
Kaufman C. H. 

Kaitman C. n., p. v., and cap. Kaufman co.. Tea.: on 
the upper waters of Cedar cr., ISO m. N. N. E. Austin. 

Kaukaitna. p. v., Browne co^ Wise: 112 m. N. N. E. 
Madison. At the rapids so called, and on the W. sido of the 
Fox or Nceuah river. 

Kautatincuunk, p. o,, Northampton co^ Penn.: S4 m. 
N. E. by E. Harrisburg. 

Keacsage mountain, Mcrrimac co., N'. Ramp. : about 20 
m. N. W. Concord, Elevation, 2,461 feet above sea level. 

Kayadeuosseras mountains, J^. Y. : extending through a 
part of "Warren, Saratoga, and Fulton counties, in a S. W, 
direction. Their greatest elevations are in the northern 
portions, which rise 800 to 1,200 feet above tide level; they 
gradually subside to the Mohawk Valley. 

KEAitsAKOE mountain, A'*. Ilamp. : a mountain in Mcrri- 
mac CO. Us summit, composed of naked granite rock, is 2,46S 
feet above the sea, and alfords, on a clear day, an extensive 
and interesting view of ihe country. Ita slope: are covered 
with a heavy growth of timber. 

Keauslv, p. 0., Genesee co., J/ic/i, ; about40 m. "W. N.W. 
Lansing. 

Keatoiiie, p. 0., De Sot) par.. La. : 176 m. N. W. 
Baton Kouge. 



KEA 



KEN 



Kearnetville, v., Jefferson CO., Virg.: on Ihc line of tin.' ] 
Baltimore and Ohio K. K., 93 m. from Baliiniore, and l'^6 
m. N. N. W. Kichmond. 

Keaton's Suoals, p. 0., Baker co., Ga. : 147 m. S. W. by S. 
Milie.l^'eville. 

Kr.i K'a Cinmcn, p. o., Martin co., Ind. : 76 ra. S. S. W. 
Indianapolis. 

Kekutsvillic, p. v., "Washington co., Md. : on Antit'tara 
cr., 7S m. N. W. by W. Annapolis. 

KEi:FEit'9 Stoke, p. o., Franklin co., Pcnn. : about 50 m. 
S. W. II arris burg. 

Keelkusbuggu, p. o., "Wyoming co., Perm.: 4S N. N. E. 
Harrisburg. 

KEELEitsvii.LE, p. V., Van Buren county, Mich.: SS m. 
W. S. W. Lansing:. 

Keene, p. v., Jessamine co.. Ki/. : 26 m. S. E. FrankforL 
The line of the Lexington and Danville R. R. passes through 
Uie village. 

Kekne, p. U, an<l cop. Cheshire co., Jf. ITdmp. : 43 m. 
8. W. Concord. Drained l\v Ashuelot r. and its lril>utaries, 
which flows through it. and affortls excellent wati^'r-pow^r. 
Surface diversified; soil rich, fertile, and well cultivated. 
At Keene the Ashiielot R. R. forms a junction with the 
Cheshire R. R. The v. on the W. side of Ashuelot r. is 
beautifully situate<i, and contains many pleasant residences; 
and its wide streela are well shaded by ornamental trees. 
The court-house .^nd jail are hare. The v. .supports very 
considerable commercial and manufacturing interests; and 
has 3 newspapers, the "Spirit of the Time.?" (wliig). " N. II. 
Sentinel" (whi.g), and " Cheshire Republican and Farmer" 
<dem.), all weekly issues. Pop. of t. 3.392. 

Keene, t, and p. v., Essex co., 2^. Y. : 112 m. N. by W. 
Albany. Drained by Ansable r. and its tributaries, which 
empty into LakeChamplain. Here are also numerous small 
lakes, from which several of the heads of the Hudson river 
have their sources. Surface mountainous, being traversed 
by the Adirondack range ; and here it has its loftiest culmi- 
nations, Mount Marcy, Mount M'Intire, and Mount M'Mar- 
tin. Soils along the rivers an<l in the valleys are fertile, but 
in other parts the rugged face of the country forbi<ls culti- 
vation. The v., a small agricultural settlement, lies on the 
E. side of the Ausable. Iron ore and other minerals abound 
in all this region. Pop. oft 79S. 

Kkrnr, t. and p. v., Coshocton co., 0?no : 63 m. E. N. E. 
Columbus. Drained by Mill cr., an affluent of Walhonding 
r. Surface elevated and rolling; soil deep, rich, an^l pro- 
ductive. The V lies on the E. side of the cr.. and is a small 
agricultural settlement of about 200 inhabitants. Population 
of 1 1,079. 

Keeneville, p. o., Wayne co., Jll.: 116 m. S. W. by 8. 
Springfield. 

Keenky's Settlement, p. c, Cortlandt co., N'. Y. : 125 m. 
W. Albany. 

Keessvillb, p. 0., Union co., Penn. ; 36 m, N. by W. 
Harrisburg, 

Keesevii.le, p. v., Essex county, A^ Y. : on both sides of 
Ausable r.. 4 m. from Lake Champlain, 12S m. N. Iiy E. 
AU>any. There is here an extensive water-power, used by 
a number of thriving mannfactories of iron and other pro- 
ducts. It supports a paper, the " Essex Co. Republican" 
(whig), which is issued weekly. Pop. about 1,800. 

Keezletown, p. v., Rockingham co., Vi/'g. : S5 ra. N.W. 
Richmond. 

Keith's, p. o., Morgan county, 0?iio: 88 m. E. by S. 
Co]unil)us. 

KEiTnsnup.GH, p. t., Mercer co., ///. ; on the Mississippi 
at the confluence of Pope r., 112 m. N. W. SpringfleUl. It 
is a thriving v., and was once the county seat. 
Keith's Cross Roads, p. o.. Kent co., Dt'l. 
Kellkbsville, p. v., Monroe co., Penn.: 95 m. N. E. 
Harrisburg. 

Kellertowm, p. v., Wilkinson co., 3fus. : 108 ra. S. W 
Jackson. 



Kelley's Mills, p. c, Lawrence co., Ohio : 96 ra. S. S. E. 
Columbus. 

KELLunosvTLLE, p. v.. Cavuga CO., JV^ Y. : between lakes 
Owaseo and Skaneateles, 2 m. W. of the latter and 13S ni. 
W. Albany. 

Kelloggsville, p. v., Ashtabula eo., Ohio: on the N, 
side of Asiitabula cr., 172 m. N. E. Columbus. 

Kelley's Creei;, p. o., St. Clair co., Ala,: 06 m. N. 
Montgomery. 

Kelly's Feury, p. o., Meigs co., Tenn.: on the Tennes- 
see r., 117 m. E. S. E. Nashville. 

Kelly's SriiiNcs. p. o,, Talladega county, Aki.: 7S m. 
N. by E. Montgomery. 

Kkllysvillr. p. v., Delaware county, Penn.: S3 m. 
S. K, by K. Harrislmrg. 

Ket.LYSviLLE, p. o., Culpepper co., Vir^. : T3 m. N. W. by 
N. Riehmond. 

Kelso, t. and p. v., Dearborn co., lud. : 71 m. S. E. In- 
dianapolis. Drained by the upper branches of Tanner's 
cr. and affluents of White Water river. Surface somewhat 
broken ; sods of average fertility, and productive. Pop. 
of 1. 1.71'2. 

Kelvin Grove, p. c, Wake co., N. Car.: 10 m. N. 
Raleigh. 

Kem ISLES viLLE, p. T., Chcstcr CO., Pemu: 5? m. E. S. E. 
Harrisburg. 

Kemi'EU county, Miss. PifuatH on K. line, and contains 
715 sq. m. Drained E. by heads of Suquinocbee r., flowing 
into Tombigbee r. ; S. by beads of Chiekasawba r., and W. 
by beads of Pearl r. Surface elevated and somewhat un- 
even, with several good mill streams; soil very fertile. 
Cotton is the great staple, and its culture is almost exclu- 
sive. Cum thrives well, and great numbers of cattle and 
swine are reared. Farms 730; manuf. 1; dwell, 1.240. and 
pop.— wh. 7,138, fr. col. 1, si. 5,378— toUd 12.517. Capital . 
De Kalb. Public Works: Mobile and Ohio R. R. 

Kemp, p. o., Kaufman county, Teo:.: 183 ra. N. N. E, 
Austin City. 

Kemi-'s Cheek, p. o., Benton co., Ala.: 95 m. N. by E. 
Montgomery. 

Kemi'Bvflle, p. v., Princess Anne co., Virg. : on a branch 
of Elizabeth r. and at the bead of tide-water, 88 ra. S. E. 
Richmond. It contains several stores and about 300 in- 
habitants. 

Kenansville, p. v., and cap. Duplin co,, N". Car.: on 
the E. side of Grove cr.. 71 m. S. E. Raleigh. The v. con- 
tains the court-bouse and about 150 inhabitauLi. 

Kendall county, III. Situate N. E., and contains 824 
sq. m. Drained by Fox r., which crosses the N. W., and 
in the S. E. by Au Sable r., a small branch of Des Plaines r. 
Surface level or undulating; soil fertile, and much of it 
prairie, with timt>eron a few streams. It lias consideralile 
wat^-r-power and large deposits of coal. Farms 1)59 : manuf. 
0; dwell. 1.25S, and pop.— wh. 7,724, fr. col. 6— total 7,730. 
CapiUil : Oswego. Puhlic Works : Aurora Extension R. R. 
Kendall, t. and p. v., Orleans co.. N. Y. : 23-_' ul W. by N. 
Albany. Drained by Sandy and olber creeks. Surface 
nearly level, with a gradual ascent from Lake Ontario, 
which forms the N. boundary: soil sandy and gravelly 
loam, and well tilled. Pop. 2.2S9. 

Kendall, p. o., Beaver co., Penn.: 184 m. W. by N. 
Harrisburg. 

Kendall, p. o., Kendall county, III: 123 m. N. N. E. 
Springfield. 

Kendall Ckeek, p. c, M'Kean co., Penn. : 151 m. N. W. 
Harrisburg. 

Kendall Mills, p. o., Orleans county, N. Y.: 229 ni. 
W. by N. Albany. 

Kendall's .Mills, p. o., Somerset co., JW*. .• on the W. 
bank of Kennebec r., 20 m. N. by E. Augusta. 

Kesdall'6 Store, p. o., Stanley co., JV. Car. : 6T m. 
W. S. W. Raleigh. 
I Kendallvillb, p. v., Noble co., Ind.: on Little Ojdar 

S41 



KEN 



KEN 



cr. and on the liue of the Fort Wayne and Lima plauk- 
roail. 120 m. N. N. E. Iudiana|>olis. 

KK.M.aicK'8 SPU1-, p. o., Patrick county, Tirg. : Ifc m. 
W. ^. W. Kiclimond. 

KEsi>l-6KEAO «trcani, Jfe ; a tributary of the Penobscot 
r, «l,icl, it Joins at Bangor, li fumiahes a largo and val- 
uable water-power. 

Kesn f,i.eo county, Jft. Situate 9. W. centrally, and con- 
tains l.ioa sq. tn. Drained by Kennebec and Sebasticooic 
rivers, and tlieir afHuenU, and W. by the Andr.«cogg.n. 
Burfaee undulating, williout being hilly, and sod highly 
productive, it has many ponds, which, with their slreains 
and the Kennebec, afford ir.imiuse wau-r-powcr. It aboun.ls 
in fine timber, and the lumber trade is of great imporlance. 
The Kennebec is a large navigable stream, and ila coru- 
mereial facilities line. Wheat, corn, oals, and barley yield 
Vfcll and ila pastures feed great numbers of eatUe and 
6heep. The great export is potatoes, of which immense 
quantities are raised and sent to all parts of the bmon. 
Farms 6,2M; manuf. 381: dwell. 10,102, and pop.-wi. 
6-2 879, fr. col. 142-tolal 62.521. ai/>««; : AugusUi. Pub- 
Uc W«rka: An.Iroscoggin and Kennebec E. 1'..; Andros- 
coggin It. li. ; Portland and Kennebec K. K. 

Kennedeo. t. and p. v., Kennebec co., J/e.: 6 m.W. 8.W. 
Angusla. About one-lhird the surface is covered by lakes ; 
soil rich and well cidlivated. The principal v. Ues on the 
N. E. comer. 

KEKsaur.o river, M". : one of the most Important nvers 
of New England. lis principal source is at the outlet of 
Mooseheart lake, but its more remote source is that of Dead 
r which empties into Kennebec r., 20 m. below the outlet. 
The source of Dead r. is in the N. W. part of FraiiUlin 
county, wilhin 5 m. of Chaudicre r., which flows into Ihe 
SU Lawrence. The general course of Kennebec r. is S. by 
E., making several considerable curves, and draining with 
its tributaries, Somerset, Franklin, and Kennebec, and por- 
Uons of Penobscot jind Waldo counties, and traversing Lin- 
coln. Its length from its remotest source is about 200 m. 
It is navigable for boats CO m. to Waterville, for shxips to 
Augusta, 42 m., and for ships to Hath, 12 m. from its mouth. 
lis largest tributary is the Androscoggin, flowing iu IS m. 
from its mouth. Tlie confluent stream is sometimes called 
the Sagadahnck. At Waterville, and other places aliove, are 
very valuable water-powers. The whole fall of the river 
is more than l,iiOO feet, affording, with its trilHilaries, in- 
calcutablc hydraulic power. The river is closed by ice 
generally for four months of the winter season, except be- 
low Bath, where the salt water usually keeps the port open 
at all seasons. The principal towns on the river arc Bath, 
Hallowell, Augusta. Waterville, and NorridgewocU. It 
flows through a fertile country and bears an extensive trade. 
Ken.seuitnk, t and p. v., York co., Me. : 66 m. S. S. W. 
August,-!. Drained chiefly by Mousum r., on which and on 
Ihe Kennebuiik lliere ore several mills and factories. The v. 
Is on the S. W. side of .Mousum r., and at the entrance of the 
Kennebec into the AllaiUic there is a good harbor. It is a 
port of entry, and has some shipping empU>yed in the fish- 
cries and coasting trade. Formerly it had an extensive 
trade with the West Indies, and many fine ships are still 
built in the town. INjp. 2.650. 

KESNK.BfNK D>n»6T, p. o., York Co., Me. : on the N. bank 
of M.iusum r., and on the Portland, Saco, and Portsmouth 
B. P.., 60 m. 8. S. W. Augusta. 

Kennebcnkport, t. and p. v., York co., Me. : 62 m. 
B. S. W. Angusla, on the N. E. side of Kennehec r. and 
opposite to Kennebunk, with which its chief interests are 
connected. It has considerable shipping, and many of the 
inhabitants are engaged in coasting and tlio flsheries. 
Granite, much resembling that of Qulncy. is abundant, and 
i\irnis)ies a staple of exporL This t. and Kennebunk were 
in former times among the most active and busy shipping 
places in Maine, but their trade has immensely diminished. 
Pop of' I"* 
842 



Ke>-sedt'8, p. o., Brunswick co., rirg.: 63 m. 9. S. W. 

Eiehmond. i-^ v- . las m 

KE-xsEDTviLtB, p. v., Steuben county, J^. J.. ISS m^ 
W byS Albany. The v. lies on the Buffalo, Corning, and 
Kew York l: I:., ■» m. from Corning. It contains several 
stores and workshops, and about 260 inhabilauls 

KE.«EMEa, p. o., ilarshaU county, Ala.: 136 m. N. 
Montgomery. 

Kenneti's Squabe, p. T., Chester county, Penn.: 71 m. 
E. S. E. llarrisburg. It contains a Quakers' meeUng-house 
and about a score of dwellings. .„ ,. „ 

Kesson, p. o., Behnont county, Ohw: 69 m. E. by N. 

Columbus. ,, V XT 

ICessossbcegu, p. 0., Guernsey co., Oluo : So m. E. by N. 

Columbus. 

Kenosha county, ITJsc. Situate 8. E. comer, and con- 
tains 232 sq. m. Drained by Fox and Des Plaines (or 
O'Plain) rivers, which flow S. into Illinois r. Surface genUy 
undulating ; soil a fertile prairie for the most part, and very 
proiluclive of the grains and grasses. Its slock is very 
floe and dairies large. There is some limber on the streams, 
but where wanting, the lake supplies lumber and coal. 
Limestone is quarried on the rivers. Farms 914; manuf. 
51 ; dwell. 1,812, and pop.-wh. 10,TU, fr. col. l&-total 
10,732. Capital: Kenosha. 

KE.N0SHA, p. v., and cap. Kenosha co., Wise. : on Lake 
Michigan, 89 m. E. S. E. Madison, 10 m. S. P.acine. Has 
an excellent harbor, and commands the trade of one of the 
finest farming districts in the world, the prairies of the 
county being of the richest and most beautiful character of 
the West. Two small creeks empty into the lake, one 
above and Ihe olher below the port. Kenosha was former- 
ly called SouthporU The location is very desirable and 
pleasant : its shipping interests are likely to improve. Pop. 
8,460. 

Kessico, p. T., Westchester co., N. T. : on the Harlem 
P.. l;., 125 m. by route from Albany. 

Kensi-noton, p. v., Hartford Co., Conn. : on a S. br.aneh 
of Little r., 14 m. S. S. W. Hartford. The New Haven, 
Hartford, and Springfield E. E. passes it about a mile to the 
east. The v. has several manufactures, etc 

Ke-vslngton, p. v., Oakland co., Mii:h. : on Woodruff er., 
a branch of Huron r., 46 m. W. S. W. Lansing. A thriving 
v., surrounded by a rich farming district, and it has several 
flourishing mills and about 200 inhabitants. 

Kensi.xgton, t. and p. v., Eockingham Co., K. ITamp. : 
86 m. S. E. Concord. Surface is nearly level and almost 
without streams. The v. has several stores. Pop. of t. 700. 
Kensington, t. and p. v.. Philadelphia Co., Penn. : 96 m. 
E by S. llarrisburg. Although under a separate govern- 
ment, Kensington is in reality a part of Philadelphia and a 
suburb of that city. It is simate N. E. on the Delaware, and 
contains a large number of industrial establishments for 
the manufacture of cotton and woolen goods, etc., and has 
also manufactures of iron, glass, etc. Ship-building is also 
extensively carried on. It has a large wholesale and re- 
tail trade. Dwellings 7,555, families 9,006, and pop. 40,776. 
Kent county, Hd. Situate centrally, and contains 614 
sq. m. Drained by Duck, Little, .Jones, Molherkill, and 
Mispillion creeks, emptying into Delaware Bay, and Nan- 
lieoke and I'lioptank rivers, flowing into Chesapeake Bay. 
Surface moder.atcly uneven; soil mostly very productive. 
Corn, wheat, rye, and oats are the chief crops, and great 
numbers of cattle and sheep are reared. It has some 
water-power, and exports considerable lumber. Farms 
1,655; manuf. 121; dwell. 3,573, and pop.— wh. 10,119, ft-, 
ool, 0,850, si. 847— total 22,816. Capital : Dover. Publia 
Worhi: a projected railroad from New York to Norfolk 
(air line). 

Kent county, Md. Situate N. E., and contains 272 8(]. m. 
It has Sassafras r. on t\ie N., Chesapeake Bay on the W., 
and c;hester r. on the S., and a few creeks flowing into 
these. Surface high and tolling j soil fertile. Corn, wheal, 



KE>T 



KEN 



oata, and sweet potatoes are the leading products of the 
BOil. Marl and lime, from shoH beds, are abundant It has 
some mill-seals and considerable manufaclures. Farms 
667; manuf. 35; dwell. 1.534, and pop. — wh. 5,616, fr. col. 
8,143, si. 2.627— total 11,386. Capit^il : Chestertown. 

Kent county, 3fich. Situate S. W., and contains 576 
sq. m. Drained by Grand r., which crosses it. running to 
the W., and its branches. Eouge and Thorn-apple riven*. 
Surface rolling, except on Grand r., where it is hilly ; soil a 
rich vegetable loam. It is equally adapted to grain or 
grass, and produces great crnps. The W. is well timbered 
with blact walnut, beech, and sugar maple, and on Ilouge 
r. are valuable pine forests. It has immense water-power, 
especially on Grand r. Limestone and superior gypsum 
are abundant, and salt springs are found. Farms S47 ; 
manut 67 ; dwell. 2.251, and pop.— wh. 11,9S2, fr. col. 34 — 
total 12,016. Capital: Grand Bapi<Js. 

Kest county, i?. 7. Situate W. centrally, and contains 
186 sq. m. Drained by Pawtuxet and Flat rivers. Surface 
nneven and rough, with level tracts in the E. ; soil a sandy 
or gravelly loam, and of great fertility. Its pastures are 
excellent, and many sheep are reared. It has fine orch- 
ards and gardens, known in all the markets around. The 
streams are small, but afford much water power, and its 
manufactures of wool and cotton are extensive. Karragan- 
set Bay lies E. of it, and its coasting trade and fisheries are 
valuable. Farms 6S3; manuf. 90; dwell. 2.C25, and pop. 
— wh. 14,821, fr. col. 247— total 15,068. Capital: East 
Greenwich. Public Works: Providence and Stonington 
E. E.; Hartford, Proridence, and Fishkill R. E. 

Kent, L and p. v., Litchfield co.. Conn, : 41 m. W. by S. 
Hartford. Drained by the Ilousatonic r. and several of its 
aflluents. all which afford excellent water-power. Surface 
generally mountainous, with fine valleys and inter^'ales; 
6oiI in the mountains gravelly and hard — in the valleys cal- 
careoHs loam, and fertile. The v. lies on the line of the 
Housalonic E. E. and on the E. side of the river, which is 
here spanned by a bridge. In the L there are extensive 
deposits of iron ore and several furnaces, etc Pop. 1,S43. 



Kent. p. o.. Stephenson co., lU.: 1&4 m. N. Springfield. 

Kest. l and p. v , Putnam co., ,V. 5'. .• S4 m. S. Albany 
Drained by head branches of Croton r. Surface generally 
hilly — in the N. mountainous. Pop. 1,5.>7. 

Rest, p. o., Indiana co., Penn.: about 118 m. VT. by N. 
Harrisburg. 

Kent, p. v., Jefferson county, Ind,: 7S m. S. S. E. 
Indianapolis. 

Kent island, Md. : the largest and most important island 
of Chesapeake Bay, conlainmg 42 sq. m. of surfjice. The 
first selliemenl within the present limits of the Slate was 
made on this island by Claiborne, and here is the scene of 
many interesting events in the early colonial history of the 
State. It lies opposite Annapolis. 

Ke.N"tos county, Ki/. Situate in most N. point, and con- 
tains 145 sq. m. Drained by affluents of Licking r., its E. 
boundary, and Ohio r., its X. boundary. Surface moder- 
ately nneven ; soil fertile, admirably adapted to grain-grow- 
ing and grazing. Tobacco, com, wheal, and pork are the 
farming staples. It has much fine water-power and exten- 
sive manufactures. The X. is quite level, is under high cal- 
tivation.and densely pi^pulated, being a kind of dependency 
of Cincinnati, which is just opposite Covington, the largest 
town in the county. Farms 656; manuf. 109; dwell. 2,854, 
and pop.— wh. 16,116. fr. col. 92. si. S3i)— total 17,038. Cap- 
ital: Independence. Puhlie Worka: Nashville and Cot 
ington E. E. ; Covington and Ohio R. E. ; Lexington and 
Covington E. E., etc 

Ke>'ton, p. v., and cap. Hardin co., Ohio: on (he N. side 
of Scioto r., 56 m. N. W. by W. Columbus. The Mad River 
and Lake Erie E. K. passes through the v., 78 m. from 
Sandusky. Two papers are issued here weekly, the '* K. 
Republican" (whig), and '-K. Herald" (dem.) Tliis is the 
business centre of an excellent farming district. Population 
of V. 1.065. 

Kestontown, p. v., Harrison co., Ky, : 54 m. N. E. by E 
Frankfort. 

Kent's Hill, p. v., Kennebec co.. Me. : 13 m. W. N. W- 
Augusta. 



THE STATE OF KENTUCKY. 



Kentucky is separated from Ohio, Indiana, and Illinois by the Ohio Eiver, which demarka its north boundary ; and 
ftom Missouri by the Mississippi Eiver, its western boundary. The east boundary is formed chiefly by Big Sandy Eiver 
and the Cumberland Momitains, which separate it from Virginia, and on the south the boundarj' is co-terminus with the 
north boundary of Tennessee, The State lies generally between the latitudes 36=' 30' and 39^^ 12' X.. and between the 
longitudes ^2"=^ 02^ and S9^ 40' W. from Greenwich, or 5^ W and 12^ SV W. from Washington. Its greatest length on the 
parallel of Cairo, in Illinois, is -363 miles, and its greatest width on the meridian of North Bend, in Ohio, is 16S miles; but 
the irregularity of its outline in some parts narrows its width to 40 miles, as on the east line of Graves County, and its 
length varies as much as 100 miles from a maximum. The estimated land area of the State is 37,630 square miles. 

The face of the countrj- may be generally described as level or moderately nneven. The levels, however, are not like a 
carpet, but are interspersed with small risings and declivities, which make a scene of varying interest. In the south-east 
the Cumberland Mountains, which form the boundary toward Virginia, except from this character ; but ev'-n here no 
great elevations are attaiued, yet they give to that portion of the country a rugged and mountainous aspect, and their 
numerous spurs or offshoots, projecting quite into the middle of the Slate, render the surface of the whole eastern division 
eomewhat broken and hilly. Farther westward the country becomes undulating, abounding in bold features, althoogh 
the hills are much less abrupt than in the east, and gradu.ally sink down with more rounded forms and gentler acclivi- 
ties, until merged into the almost level plains of the Cumberland, Tennessee, and Mississippi rivers. Along the Ohio, and 
extending from ID to 20 miles in different places from it, are the Ohio Uills, parallel with that beautiful stream. These 
hills are often high, generally gracefully rounded and conical, with narrow vales and bottoms amund their bases, and give 
to the country through which they extend a rough appearance ; they are covered with lofty forest.';, and have often a good 
soil on their sides and summits; and the alluvial bottoms between them and the Ohio, and along the streams which fall 
into that river, are of the richest description. 

In the geology of Kentucky the blue limestone occupies a conspicuous place : it forms the surface rock in a large part 
of the State, and is used for building purposes. Among the cliffs of the Kentucky Eiver is found an excellent marble, 
capable of a fine polish. The cliff limestone is the ba.se of the Ohio Falls at Loubville; the slate or shale is very common, 
bituminous, and supports combustion, and contains iron pjTites and ores, giving rise to mineral springs. The sand or 
freestone extends from Danville to Louisville, etc., and is used in the arts, and even for grindstones. The cavemoua 
limestone, as its name imports, gives rise to many caves, the most famous of which is the Mammoth Cave (*a* Mammoth 
Cave). The limestone region, indeed, abounds in caverns, sinks, and subterranean water-courses. Several of the caves 
are of extraordinary dimensions, but the one above mentioned is the most ."tpacious and best known. The sinks or sink- 
holes are cavities or depressions on the enrface of the ground, resembling those of Florida, already described, but of infe- 

ai8 



KENTUCKY. 



rior oxienl; they are commonly in Ihc shape of inverted oincs, CO or 70 feet in depth, and from 00 to 800 feet in circum- 
ference at the top. Their sides and hottoms are generally covered with willows and aquatic productions, and Ihe ear caa 
often disllnpiish the sonnd of waters flowing under them. It is believed that these sinks are perforations in the bed 
of limest.ine below the soil, which have caused the earth to sink. Sometimes the {jround has been opened, and disclosed 
a subterranean stream of water at the botlom of these cavities. The conulomerale or pudding-slonc consists of quartz 
pclihl.s, rounded and united with line >and by a kind of natural cement : it underlies the coal formation. The coal-beds 
of Kenluet- are continuous of those of the Illinois and Ohio ; they cover 10.000 or 12,000 square miles, and are very 
accessible, bui nilhcrto tlie quantity of coal mined has not been to any great amount— not more than five or six million 
bushels a ye.ar. Iron is equally abundant in Ihc Stale, and it, too, is comparatively neglected, but from its deposits being 
mainly on or near navigable streams, it must inevlLably become a source of future wealth to the enuntry. An estimate 
of the quantity embraced lias been fixed at 3S,iiOO,000 t<ins. Small quantities of lead are also traced in Kentucky, and 
silver ore has lately been discovered near the Cumberland Falls. Salt springs alwund in the sandstone formation, and 
have become very productive. Sallpelre-eartb, or nilrate of lime, gypsum, or plaster of Pari.s, are found in the caves. 
Mineral springs arc numerous, embracing sulphur, s.aline, chalybeate, etc. The salt springs received the name of " licks" 
from the early settlers, on account of theu- being the favorite resorts of the wild animals, which were fond of licking the 
efflorescences so abundant around them. The name is also applied to the sulplmretcd fountains which occur in various 
places. 

The most protiuctivc soil of Kentucky is fliat of the blue limestone formation ; and in the neighborhood of Lexington 
and toward the Ohio, the counlr}' liased on that route is said to be the garden of the State. The line demarking this 
region passes from the Ohio round the heads of Licking and Kentucky rivers, Dick's Elver, and down Great Green 
Eiver to the (.)bio ; and in this great Compaq of above 100 miles square is found one of the most fertile and extraordinary 
countries on which the sun Ii.ts ever shone. The soil is of a loose, deep, and black mold, without sand — on first-rate 
lands, from two to three feet deep, and exceedingly luxuriant in all its productions. It is well watered by fine springs and 
Btreams. and its beantiful climate anti the salubrity of the country tire unequaled, the winter, even, being seldom so inclement 
as to reniler the housing of cattle necessary. In a stiite of nature, nearly the whole surface of this region was covered with 
a dense forest of m.njeatic trees, and a close undergrowth of gigantic reeds, forming what in the country are called cane- 
brakes. In the southern part, however, on the head waters of Green lliver and its tributaries, is an extensive tract, thinly 
wooded, and covered in summer with high grass growing amid scattered and stunted oaks : struck with the contrast this re- 
gion presented to the luxuriant forests of the neighboring districts, the first settlers gave the countr)' the unpromising name 
of '* barrens." As a genend thing, the term is by no means appropriate. There are, indeed, portions of the barrens, 
which arc known ns the l-nobs, that are too sterile and rugged to admit of cultivation ; but the soil is generally productive, 
although not of the first quality, and is well suited for gnazing. There are also tracts in the mountain regions and jiortions 
of land on the Ohio Hills too much broken for general agriculture ; but as a whole, Kentucky has as great a proportion 
of the best soils as any other of her sister States, and from the splendor of its climate, has many advantages possessed by 
few otJier regions. 

The country in general m.ay be considered as well timbered, producing large trees of many kinds, and to be exceeded 
by no country in variety. Perhaps among its forest growths none is more valuable to the settler than the sugar-tree, 
which grows in all part.s, and furnishes every family with a plenty of excellent sugar; and the honey -locust, so curiously 
surrounded by large thorny spikes, bears long pods in the form of peas, having a sweet flavor, and from which domestic 
beer is made. The colTee-trcc, greatly resembling the black oak, grows large, and also bears a pod in which is inclosed 
coffee. The pawpaw bears a fine fruit like a cucumber in shape and size, and of a sweet taste. The cane, on which 
cattle feed and grow fat, in general grows from three to twelve feet high, is of a hard substance, with joints at eight or 
ten Indies distance along Ihe stalk, from which proceed leaves resembling the willow. There are many cane-brakes, so 
thick and tall that it is difficult to p.iss through them. Where no cane grows there is an abundance of wild rye, clover, 
and bnflalo-grass covering v.Tst tracu, and affording excellent pasture for cattle; and the fields are covered with wild 
herbage not common to other countries. Here is seen the finest crown imperial in the worid, the cardinal fiower, so 
moch extolle<l for its scariet color ; and ail the year, except the short winter months, the plains and valleys are adorned 
with a variety of flowers of the most admirable beauty. Here is also found the tulip-bearing laurel-tree, or magnolia, 
which is verj- fragrant, and continues to blossom and seed for several months together. 

Among the agricultural staples of Kentucky, hemp and flax are the most conspicuous. Tobacco is also extensively 
grown: and the Indian com and wheat of this State are large crops and excellent in quality. The first-named— hemp, 
flax, and bAacco— are, however, the great staples. The hemp crop of Kentucky is five-eighths of the whole yield of the 
United States— that of dew-rotted hemp is two-thirds, and that of water-rotted hemp is seven-twelUhs of the whole of the 
respective descriptions ; four-sevenths of the crop of flax is grown in Kentucky : and the tobacco crop yields more than 
a fourth of the aggregate of that production. Its wheat crop is suriiassed in quantity by only ten States ; its Indian com 
crop is surpassed only by that of Ohio ; only two Slates have larger crops of oats ; only six produce more wool ; only four a 
larger abundance of market-garden producia ; only seven more butter ; only two more beesw,ax and honey ; and only one 
exceeds it in ils home-made manufaclures. The cash value of its farms" makes it fourth in the list of States in point 
of agricultural weallh, and only three other Suites po.>isess a greater wealth in live-stock, and one other equals it in the 
latter resp.ct. And yet, with all this vast amount of wealth and production, not one-half of its surface was under cultiva- 
tion in 1»«-.'S^, to which period Ihe above returns refer. 

Nature has been most bountiful to Ibis Slate in its noble rivers and usefid streams. Beside the great peripheral waters, 
the Ohio, Mississippi, etc., several large and import.ant water-courses traverse the interior, and, with the single exception 
of the I pper Cumberianrl, these flow in a uniform direction from south-east to north-west; and while the Ohio is the 
recipient of all the great rivers of the Slate, the Mississippi only receives a few inconsiderable streams of trifling use as 
avenuM of commerce. The Sandy, Licking, Kentucky, and Cumheriand rise in the same region in Ihe mountains of Iho 
ipouth-easl. The A>a(wtv is a rapid stream, running, like the other rivers of the State, in a deep channel with a rock? 
oca and generally perpendicular banks; it flows tlu-ough a rich and liighlv cullivated countrv, and in high slages of Iho 
water IS nuvigable for steamboats to Frankfort, 60 miles, and for flat boats about 100 miles f\ir'tber. The iiViia^, which 
also now^ ',""«" ° "''^' '■'"(t'on »' counlry, enters Ihe Ohio, opposite Cincinnati, an.l alf.irds boat navigation for about 80 
miles. ty,ll m^r rises In the centre of the Slate ; it has a great volume of water in proportion to the length of ils course, 
and is navigable for boats for loo milev II receives trom the south a large trihularv. called Ihe Kolling Fork. Green 
£ivtr, likewise, rises in the centre of the Slate, and takes a westerly course, mitU having received the Big Barren Eiver 



KENTUCKY. 



from the south, it turns to the north-west; it has a gentle current, with great depth of water. Steamboats go up to 
Bowling Green, on the Big Barren. ISO miles, and flat boats ascend nearly to the heads of the river. The Cumberland 
has its sources and its mouih in Kentucky, but the greater part of i(s course is in Tennessee. liising on Ihe western 
declivity of the Cumberland Mountains, it passes into the latter, and returning north, enters the Ohio in the former State 
Its course is about GOO miles long, and steamboats go up to Nashville, Tenn., 200 miles, and" in high stages of waler even 
to BurkesvilK-, in Kentucky. The Tennessee, being sepprated from the Cumberland by the mountains of that name, has 
no portion of its head waters in Kentucky, but it cnti-rs the Stale about 70 miles above ita mouth, and admits steamboats to 
Florence, in Ala., a distance of about 300 miles. The navigation of several of these rivers has been improved by locks, 
etc., and in some the obstructions are overcome by canals and railroads. • 

Kentucky is divided into 100 counties, the general statistics of which and the capitals of each in 1 ^^50 were as f.jllows : 



Counties. 


Dwell. 


Pop, 


piirins 
in cult. 


i»lann 
Kslnb 


Cnpit.il«. 


Adair 


.1,513. 


, 9.S98. 


.1,010. 


19. 


, Columbia 


AU™ 


..1,249. 


. 8,742. 


. 740. 


. 7. 


,Scollsville 


Anderson . . . 


. ^S3. 


. 6.260. 


. 420, 


37. 


,La\vrenceburg 


Ballard 


. . 775. 


. 5,490. 


. 4S3. 


. 7. 


.Blandville 


Barren 


..a.ciJT. 


.20,240. 


.1,813, 


. 33. 


.Glasgow 


Bath 


..1,595. 


.12.115. 


.1,013. 


. 23 


.OwingsviUe 


Boone 


..l,liI5 


.n,lS5 


. 9S2. 


, 10 


. Burlington 


Bourbon .... 


..l,:3+3. 


.14,400. 


. T34. 


, 84 


, Paris 


Boyle 


.. 9->7. 


. 9,116. 


. 443. 


. 63 


, Danville 


Bracken 


. .1,437. 


. 8,903. 


. T2S. 


. 21. 


,Brookville 


Breathitt 


.. Ci5. 


. 3,7So, 


. 433. 


. 16. 


, Jackson 


Breckenridge 


..1,462 


,10,593. 


. SS9. 


. IS 


,IIardinsburg 


Bullitt 


.. 970 


, 6,774, 


. 662. 


. 14 


,Shepherdsvino 


Butler 


.. sor 


, 5,765. 


. 629. 


. 8 


,Murgantown 


CaldweU 


..1,746. 


.13,048. 


. 8S9. 


35. 


.EddyviUe 


Callaway 


..1,191. 


. S,09C. 


. 933. 


7. 


. Warle-slioro' 


Campbell 


.,2,319 


.13,127. 


. 730. 


. 12 


, Newport 


Carroll 


. . 7iJiJ . 


. 5,526. 


. 376. 


. 17. 


, CarroIIton 


Carter 


. 944. 


. 6,241. 


654. 


7. 


.Grayson 


Casey 


..l,ni:5. 


. 6,550. 


. 75S. 


. 11. 


.Liberty 


Christian 


..1,9(». 


,19.5S0, 


.1,190. 


77. 


.Hopkinsville 


Clark 


..1.364. 


,12,6SS, 


. 792. 


. 17. 


."NVinchester 


Clay 


.. 7^2. 


, 5,421. 


. 611, 


11. 


.Manchester 


Clinton 


. 774, 


. 4,SS9. 


. 499. 


8. 


. Alliany 


Crittenden. .. 


.. 97S. 


. 6,351. 


. 662. 


13. 


.Marion 


Cumbcrhmd.. 


.. 942. 


. 7,005. 


, 607, 


11. 


.Burkesville. 


Daviess 


.1,031, 


,12,358. 


,1,057. 


. IS. 


.Owenslwro' 


Edmonson... 


. CM. 


4,0SS. 


507. 


. 4. 


.Brownsville 


EsliU 


, 934, 


, 6,9S5, 


. 604. 


2. 


.Irvine 


Fayette 


.2,(iS9. 


,22.735, 


. 799. 


156. 


.Lexington 


Fleming 


.l,9S:j. 


.13,914. 


1,211. 


96. 


.Flcmingsburg 


Floyd 


. 862. 


5,714. 


865. 


4. 


. PrestonburgU 


Franklin 


.1,453. 


12,462, 


850. 


62. 


.FltANKFORT 


Fulton 


. 5S6, 


4,446. 


861. 


9. 


.Hickman 


Gallatin 


. 747. 


. 5,187. 


414. 


11. 


. "tt'arsaw 


Garrard 


.1,2^6. 


.10,237, 


606. 


21. 


. Lancaster 


Grant 


.1,11.31. 


. 6,1)31. 


780. 


15. 


.■U'illiamstown 


Graves 


.1,694. 


11,397.- 


1,279. 


35. 


Mayfield 


Grayson 


,1,065, 


6,S3I. 


S24. 


14. 


.Litchlicld 


Green 


.1,105. 


. 9,060. 


T91, 


20. 


.Grccnsburgh 


Greenup 


.1,529. 


9.654. 


458. 


20. 


.Greenup 


Hancock 


. 551. 


. 3.S53. 


819. 


15. 


.llawcsvitle 


Hardin 


.2,005. 


.14,625. 


1,406, 


50. 


.Elizabelhtown 


Harlan 


. CS7. 


4,26S. 


5:35, 


0. 


.Harlan 


Harrison 


.1,758. 


.18,064. 


1,130, 


64. 


.Cynthiana 


Hart 


,1,212, 


. 9,093. 


829, 


12. 


.Munfordsville 


Henderson .. 


,1,3:57. 


12,171. 


1,037, 


44. 


Henderson 


Henry 


.1,4.3s, 


.11,442, 


1,029, 


75, 


New Castle 


Hickman 


, 606, 


. 4,791, 


546, 


9. 


Columbus 


Hopkins 


,1,735, 


12,441. 


1,354, 


10. 


Madisonville 



Counties, Dwell. Pop, ?^"""J 

Jefferson 7,690, ,59,831,. 877. 

•Jessamine 1,093. .10.249. . O.')!. 

Johnson 008.. 8,873.. 604. 

Kenton 2,8,54, ,17,038, . 660. 

Knox 1,060 . . 7,050 . . 657 . 

Laurel 071.. 4,145,. 2S4. 

La liue 845.. 5.859.. 420. 

Lawrence 9S9,, 6.2S1.. 666. 

Letcher 416.. 2,512.. 34-3, 

Lewis 1,223,, 7,202.. 651. 

Lincoln 1,145, .10,093. . 614. 

Livingston 915.. 6,578,. 485. 

Logan 1,917. .16.581 . .1,130. 

M'Crackcn S:!5 , . 6,067 . . 848 . 

Madison 1,847. .1,5,727.. 1,185. 

Morion 1,42S., 11,765,, 963 

Marshall 805,, 5,269., 415 

Mason 2,423, ,:S,,344, . SSs 

-Mead 947,, 7,393,, 459 

Mercer 1,702, ,14,067. . SSl 

Monroe 1,190., 7,750,. 746 

Monlgomery... 1,103,, 9,903,. 850. 

Morgan 1,201.. 7,620.. 015 

Muhleuburgh.. 1,451.. 9,809,. 921. 

Nelson 1,013 . .14,789. . 644 

Nicholas 1,497. .10,.361.. 711 . . 

Ohio. 1,425.. 9.749.. 1,122.. 

Oldham 856.. 7,629.. 414.. 

Owen 1,023.. 10^444.. 917.. 

Owsley 688.. 3,774.. 481.. 

Pendleton 1,057.. 6,774.. 6il6. , 

Perry 471.. 2,192.. 396.. 

Pike 905.. 5,365.. 448.. 

Puhuski 2,208. .14,195. .1,523. . 

Eock Castle.... 746,. 4,697.. 441.. 

EusscU 840.. 6,349.. 665.. 

Scott 1,566. ,14.940. . 753. . 

Shelby 1,503. .17,096. .1,202. 

Simpson 9a3.. T,733.. 686.. 

Spencer 810.. 6,842.. 678.. 

Taylor 971.. 7,250.. 643.. 

Todd 1,316.. 12,208., 930,. 

Trigg 1,281. .10,129.. 843.. 

Trimble 865.. 5,963.. 469.. 

Union 1,140.. 9,012.. 681.. 

Warren 1,798. .16,123. .1,145. . 

■Washington.. . .1..517. .12,194. . 807. . 

Wajne 1,369.. 8.692.. 929.. 

Wli'illey 1.214.. 7,447.. 980.. 

Woodford 1,063.. 12,428.. 680.. 



Eslab.' Capil.-ils, 

.614, .Louisville 
. 67..Nicholasvi]le 
. 5,,PaintsvilIe 
,109., Independence 
. 6, ,Barboursvillo 
. 0,, London 
, 12,, La Rue C, H. 
. 10.. Louisa 
. O..Whitesburgb 
. 21..Clarkst>urgU 
,. 07,, Stanford 
, 13,, Salem 
, 40,,llussellvino 
. 87..raducah 
, S9,.l;ichmnnd 
, 47,, Lebanon 
, 7,, Benton 
,211,, •Washington 
. 7, , Brandenburg 
, 87, .Ilarrodsburg 
. 9,.Tompkinsvil!e 
. 83 Mount Sterl ing 
. 0,, West Liberty 
, 16,, Greenville 
, 52, ,Eardstown 
, 83,. Carlisle 
. 24..nartf;)rd 
. 8 . . Westport 
. 16..0wenton 
. 25 . . Booneville 
, 7.. Falmouth 
. 0,, Perry 
5,,Piketon 
14 ,, Somerset 
o., Mount Vernon 
13, , Jamestown 
59..Georgrt.i\vn 
lS2,.ShclOyvillo 
S7..Frankhn 
lS..TaylorsvilIe 
22 . . Canipbellsville 
2S..Elklon 
37.. Cadiz * 

19.. Bedford 
7..Morganfleld 
38.. Bowling Greea 
21.. Springfield 
17. .Monlicello 
0.. Whitley 
9S..YersailIe8, 



The whole number of dwellings in the State was. at the above date, 130,709 ; of families, 132,920 ; and of inhabitants, 
982,405; viz., whiles 761,658— males 392,540, and females 368.848; free colored 9.7S6— males 4,771, females 4,905, and 
slaves 210,081. Of the whole population there were, deaf and dumb—Kh. 485, fr. col. 4, si. 50— tital SS9; Uvid—vh. 
421, fr. col. 19, si. 90— total 530 ; insane— vih. 48S, fr. eol. 3, si. 16— total 507, and idu'tU'—wh. 749, fr, col, 20, sl, 80— total 
849, The number of free persons born in the United States was 740,881, the number of foreign birth 29.189, and of birth 
unknown 1.354: Ihe native population originated as follows: Me. 227, N. Hamp. 225, Verm. 277, Mass, 666, I!, I, 226, 
Conn. +48, N. Y. 2.851, N. Jer. 1.249, Penn. 7,491, Del. 607. Md. 0,470, Dist, of Col, 176, Virg, 54,694, N. Car, 14,279, 
8. Car. 3,1 M, Ga. 892, Flor. 30, Ala. 792, Miss. 067. La, 071, Tex, 71, Ark, 271, Tenn, 23,023, Kcnturk;j 601.764, Oh. 9,985, 
Mich. 69, Ind. 6,S9S, 111. 1,649, Mo. 1,467, la, 69. Wise, 11, Tcrritori.s 3 ; and the foreign population was composed of 
persons from— England 2,805, Ireland 9,466, Scotbnd 658, Wales 171, Germany 13,607, France 1,116, Spain 21, Portugal 

S4S 



KENTUCKY. 



6, Belgium 27, Holland 85, Italy 143, Auslrin 12. Switzerland 279, Russia 70, Denmark 7, Norway 18, Sweden 20, Prussia 
19S. Bnr.liniii 1. Oruece 1, Asia 3, Africa 4, lirilisli America 275, Mexico 42, Central America 1, South America 2, West 
ladies 41, and uttier countries 13.X 

The followinc table will show the decennial progress of the population since the first census of the Slate taken by Iho 
United States authorities : 

CtiloreJ P.r.ona. Decfnni^.l Increii... 

Ceiuill WliiW . • , ■'■..lal , ■ , 

Y«,r. rrr..i.n.. Free. Slave. Tutiil. Pcpul«lion. Numerical. I'ercent. 

1790 61133 i;4 11,830 11,!>44 73.077 — — 

1800... ^....179.871 741 4n,-343 41.«>4 2-20.SI55 147.873 202.3 

ISIO 824,-i37 1.713 80561 S2.374 4(l6..')ll 185.556 84.2 

1820 4.34.644 2,941 126.7.32 129.673 5(U.817 157.806 .38.3 

ISSO .517,767 4.037 105.213 1611.250 637.917 123,6il0 21.9 

1340 590.2.53 7.317 1S2.253 1-9.675 779.S23 919,111 13.3 

1S50 761,6SS 9,736 210,931 220,717 982,405 202,577 25.9 

The statistics of the wealth, industry, pr.idiirtions. and institutinns of the State, according to the census of 1850, and 
other official return.* nfcrring to the same period of time, arc as follows: 

Oera;nVd /,«ii'/», cte.— Improved lands. 11,368,270 acres, and unimproved lanils, 10,972,478 acres— valued in cash at 
$154.S30.262 ; whole number of farms under cultivation, 74.777 ; value of farming implements and machinery, $5,169,037. 

J.ive A'to.-X-.— nor.«es, 8I5.6S2 ; asses and mules, 65,609; milch cows, 247.475; working oxen, 62.074; other cattle, 
442.703; sheep. 1,1112,121; and swine, 2.S61.16;J— valued in the aggregate at $29,591,387. In 1840 tlierc were iu the State 
395,85.3 horses, mules, etc. : 787,098 neat cattle of all kinds ; 1,008.240 sheep ; and 2,310..'ia3 hogs. 

Ornin <^;-o/«.— Wheat, 2.140,822 bushels ; rye, 415.073 bushels ; Indian corn. 58,675,591 bushels ; oats, 8,201,31 1 bushels ; 
barley. 9."i.343 bushi-Is; and buckwheat, 16.197 bushels. In 1840 the ciopswere as follows — wheat, 4,803,152 bushels; 
barley. 17,491 bushels; oats, 7,155,974 bushels; rye, 1,321,373 bushels; buckwheat, 8,169 bushels; Indian corn, 89,347,120 
bushels. 

Olher Oop«.— Rice. 6,688 (in 1840, 16,.376) pounds ; tobacco, 55,501,196 pounds ; ginned cotton, 758 bales of 400 pounds ; 
peas and beans, 202,574 bushels ; poUitoes— Irish, 1,492,487 bushels, and sweet, 998,181 bushels; hay, 113,655 tons; clover- 
seed, 3,2.30, and olher grass-seed, 21.451 bushels ; hops, 6,804 poimds; hemp— dew-rotted, 40,936, and water-rotted, 14,756 
tons; flax, 7.793.123 pounds ; flax-seed, 75,579 bushels ; maple sugar, 437,345 pounds; cane-sugar, 284 hogsheads of 1,000 
pounds; molasses, 40,ii47 gallons; wine, 8,093 gallons, etc. The value of orehanl products was .$106,100, and of market- 
garden products, $293,120. The annexed form will exhibit the st;iple crops of 1S40 and 1850 comparatively : 

SUples. is<o. 

Tobacco 63,436,909 pounds . 

Hemp — dew-rotted i ( . 

" water-rotted [■ 9,9924 tons i . 

Flax I (. 

Kice 16,376 pounds. 

Ginned cotton 691,456 " 

ProducU 0/ Animate.— Voai, 2,297,403 (in 1840, 1,786,847) pounds ; butter, 9,877,868 pounds ; cheese, 213,784 pounds ; 
and the value of animals slaught*Ted during the year had been $6,459,313. Silk cocoons were produced to the amount 
of 1.801 (in 1840, 737) pounds; and beeswax and honey to that of 1,1515.939 pounds. 

lfum€'7nfule Miruii/dcturfG for the year entling 1st June, 1850, were produced to the value of $2,456,838. In 1840 the 
same class of goods were valued at $2,622,462. 

Mantifaetnrea. — Aggregate capital invested, $00,000,000; value of raw material, fuel, etc., used and consumed, 
$00,000,000; average number of hands einploy4-d. O0,000~males 0,000, and females 000; average mouthly cost of labor 
—male $000,00(1, and female $0,ono ; total value of proiluets during the year, $110,000,000. The whole number of man- 
ufacturing estjiblishmenis producing to the annual value of $500 and upward was 3,471 ; and of these 8 were cotton 
factories, 25 woolen factories, 275 tjunieries, and 45 iron works — 20 for the manufacture of castings, 21 for pig iron and 4 
for wrought iron. 

The cottan manufacture employs a capitid amounting to $2-39,000 ; value of all raw material, fuel, etc., consumed, 
$180,907; average hands employed— males 181, and females 221 ; entire wages per month to— males $2,707, and females 
$2.070 ; value of entire producls during tlie year, $273,439. The annual quantity of eotlon consumed was 8,760 bales, 
and the products consisted of 1,003,000 yards of sheeting, etc., and 72.5,000 pounds of jam. Mineral coal used, 720 tons. 

Theirooi«i manufactures employ a capital of $249,82(1; value of raw material consumed, $205,287; average hands 
employed— males 256. and females 02 ; monthly cost of labor— male $3 919, and (emalc $689 ; value of annual products, 
$318,819. The quantity of wool consumed was 073,900 pounds, aud there were produced in the year 878,034 yards of 
cloth. 

The capital invested in the tanneriea amounts to $763,465 ; the value of raw material used was, in 1849-50, $537,147 ; the 
average number of hands employed— males 877, and females 2 ; at a monlldy cost of labor— male $14,417, and female $9 ; 
skins Umned, 09,8^0; aud siiles tanned, S92,400_together valued at $985,267. 

The iron interest is in accordance with the following schedule referring to the year 1349-50 : 

SpeciOt.iiou. y,^ ,,„„_ cn»t Iron. WrougM Iron. Totll. 

Capital invested dollars.... 9^,700 502,200 176,000 1,602,900 

<*'■'""'■'' toiw 72,010 — — ... 72010 

^'K '"'" '^'','' " - 9,731 2,000 lUSl 

S'""™?"" " - - 1,600 1,600 

Mmeral coal used u _ 2 ,;49 _ ^^^ 

Coke and charcoal used bushels... 4,576.269 4.32.7.50 ...!]!!!.!.! 280.000 ..!!.."... "5.2S9!ol9 

Value of all raw material, fticl, etc .dollars.... 260,162 295,533 180,800 736]4S5 

844 



ixso. 




Movement. 




55,501.196 pounds . 


.. Mwr. 


2,064,287 pounds. 


or 886 per cent 


40.936 tons \ 








14,756 ■• K . 


. . . ^nci'. 


110,382,640 " 


" 49217 « 


7,793.123 pounds ) 








5.6SS " 


.. deer. 


10,688 " 


'• 65-26 " 


303,200 " 


.. deer. 


888,250 " 


" 5615 " 



KENTUCKY. 



Slic-rifH at.dtiS. 

Hands employ i-il—iimlfa 


number ,. 

...dollars.... 

...tons 

...dollars.... 


Pig tron. 
1,S45 ... . 


Ci.tlnm, 

50S 


\Vruiii;lit l.cri. 

1^3 


2,5S6 

80 


10 

, 37,355 


20 

18,S89 

S3 


Monthly cost of labor— male 


6,SC7 


57,111 




130 


Iron proJiK-ed 

Value of oilier pro.liicls 

" entire products 


, 24.2-15 


5,S8S 


8,070 


83,203 

10 000 


, 10,1100 

, C04,o37 




744,olfl 


290.700 


..'.... 1,tJ4-S,il53 



Tlie industrial establish nients of Kentucky, comprised in the ai^gregale number, as before given, and not specially re- 
ferred to, consist of the haiulicrafts usually found in agricultural coLiatries, anil several wliieli may be considered peculiar 
to this Slate, as tobacco factories, rope-walks, bagging factories, etc., in which the great stajjlcs of the conniry :ire worked 
up and made ready for the market. 

Foreign Cmnnierce. — The internal position of Kentucky almost precludes it from a direct intercourse willi foreign 
counlries — its natural port is New Orleans, in the direction of which all its great rivers point, and from that port chiefly 
arc its products and staples shipped, although a considerable quantity finds its way to the Atlantic porta rht the Illinois 
Eiver and Cantd to Chicago, and thenee by the great lakes to Dunkirk and IJuPTalo, and from those points to New York, 
etc., by railroad, canal, and river. Its exports in some measure are also sent via the Ohio River and I'ittsl'urg. But if 
Kentucky does not export its merchandise directly, the official returns for a number of years have noticed direct ex])orta, 
of which the following are the values— 1837, $17.7S2; 1S3S, $S,9;i2; 1S39, $0 ; 1S40, $-2.241 ; 1S41, $0; ls4'>, *17.30G; IslS, 
$S,14o ; 1S44, $25.627 ; 1S15, $17,469 ; 1S46, $32,95S ; 1S4T, $26,950 ; 184S, $25,971 ; 1S49, $79,738 ; and IbSD, $190,987. The 
shipping owned in the coileetit»n district of Louisville in 1S50 amounted to 14,S20 tons — the whole navigated i.iy steam 
power, and em])loyed in river navigation. Tiiirty-four steamboats were built in the State during the year ending 30th 
June, 1S50, and these bad an aggregate burden of C.461 tons. 

Iiiternul Cammwnication. — Kentucky is bountifully supplied with navigable waters, and in all its great rivers import- 
ant improvements Iiave been made by locks, dams, and canals. The principal of these are the works on the Kentucky, 
Green, Licking, and Eig Sandy Kivers; and the Portland and Louisville Canal, overcoming the falls of the Ohio at 
Louisville, jiroperly belongs to this Slate. This work, although less than three miles in length, is one of the most important 
inijiroveniciils in the West; it is 50 feet wiile at the top, and admits tlie passage of the largest river steamers. The fall 
between the two pointa at which it joins the river is 22} feet, which is overcome by four locks. Almost ihe wh'»lc- line is 
excavated out of solid limestone, and was completed in 1S33 at a cost uf about $1.2U0,OU0. The cost of the improvements 
on Uie four interior rivers above mentioned amounted to $2.133.5S0. Kentucky has also an excellent system <»f turn- 
pikes, and recently has commenced to build plank-ro:ida. With regard to railroads, as yet about 130 miles only havd 
been completed ; but there are several viially inii)orIaut works of this description in a slide of forwardness, and which 
will be completed within the next two years. Of these the principal arc the Kentucky portion of the Mobile and Ohio 
R. K., the Nashville and Henderson U. K., the Louisville and Nashville K. It., the Covington and Lexington K. K., the 
Maysville and Lexington II. li., and several others pointing to the south and south-east, to the Gulf of Mexico and the 
ports of the Atlantic; and the Maysville and Big Sandy U. K., which will connect with the lines terminating at Uich- 
mond, Petersburg, and Norfolk in Virginia. Upward of 600 miles of these projected lines are now (-January. 1S53) in 
process of construction, and a considerable length of the whole contemplated has been surveyed and partially located. 
The several railroads named (and others, no doubt, there are), when in full steam, will have a mighty effect on the inter- 
ests of the ^tale. even as local channels of trade; but when their importance to the North and South, being links in the 
great chains in those directions, is considered, their very existence becomes the lever of all connection between the two 
divisions of the Union. In this point of view, Kentucky to the West of the mountains, and New Jei-sey to the East, are 
on a par, both essential to the building np of a national system of roads to connect the extremes of the country. The 
influence of these roads, even in the prospective, is well illustrated in the rapid advance in the value of properly. la 
lS4o Ihe assessment roll amounted to $22S,4'>S,161 ; in l^i) it amounted to $299,331,405; and in 1S51 it had increased to 
$317,082,6(14; or in the latter year, which was one of great jirojcets in matters of internal improvement, the increase 
araounttd fo $17,7.51,139, or about 6 per cent. Such facts as these are lessons applicable to every State and to every indi- 
Tidual who has at heart the a«!vancement of bis country in wealth and prosperity. 

Bank.% ^^'.— In January, 1S51. Kentucky had 5 banks and 21 branch banks; the Bank of Ki'ntucky (Louisville), has 
branches at Bowling Green, Dansville, Frankfort, Greenburg, Ilopkinsville. Lexington, and Maysville; the Fiimwrs* 
B(ink of Kentm-ky (Frankfort) has branches at Covington, Henderson, Maysville, Mount Sterling, Princeton, and Somer- 
set; tlie jVo/77(«vH.^(f ;//•«/ A'-^/i/^'cA'?/ (Lexington), h:is branches at Covington. Louisville, Paris, and liicbmond; WxeSorttTv- 
eni B^tnk of Kcntncki/ {\\\\?,^v\\\\\\y'), lias branches at Hickman, Owensboro, and Smitliland ; and the Bfink i;f LotimiilU 
has branches at Paducah and Flemingsburgh. There are also other banks at Paducah, Covington, and Newport. At the 
date above referred to the aggregate statistics of all the banks and branches then existing, were as follows: Linhilities-- 
capital $7,536,927, circulation $7,613,075, deposits $2,323,607, and due other l)anks $1.250,5S9 ; and a«.s^/W— loans and dis- 
counts $^_'..^06.3^t.5. stocks $694,962, real estate $419,070, other investments $440,127, due by other banks $2,451,155, noteg 
of other baidvs $550,879, and specie $2,791,351. 

Govflrnnifyit, et^r. — The present constitution of Kentucky w.xs adopted in convention on the lllh June, 1S50, and was 
subsequently ratified by the people by a vote of 71,563 in favor to 20,302 against it. The first State constitution was framed 
in 1790, and a second in 1799 

Every free white male citizen, 21 years of age, resident in the State two years, or in the county, town, or city one year 
next preceding the election, has the right ofmffrage, but he shall have been for 6ii <biys a resident of the precinct ia 
which he offers his vote. The general election is held on the 1st Monday of August. All votes are given 'viva Toi-fi. 

The LerjUluture consists of a Senate and House of Kepresentatives. Senators, thirty-eight in number, are chosen in 
single dislricLs, one-h.ilf the number biennially, and at the lime of election must be citizens of the United States, thirty 
years of age, ami resident in the Slate six years, and in the district one year next preceding the election ; and representa- 
lives, one hundred in number, are chosen from single districts for two years, and nnist be twenty-four years of age, and 
resident of the Slate for two years — the last year of the district. Eepre^cntalion depends on the number of qualified 
voters. In 1S57, atid every eight years thereafler, a census is to be taken, and representation apportioned accordingly. 
The sessions of the Legislature are biennial, eonunencing Ist November (odd years). No session is to continue more thaa 

247 



KENTUCKY. 



Blxly days, unless prolongolion is agreed upon by two-lhirds of all the members elected to both branches of the Legisla- 
ture. Teaclicrs of nligion, and persons ImldinL' offlccs of prodl unrlcr the Stale or tlic United Slates, are ineligible ; and 
members duriiiK their term, and for a year liureafter, can not lie appointed or elected, except by tlic people, to any civil 
oBlcc of prollt in the Slate crealed, or ilie pay allaehed to which is increased during such term ; nor are collcclors of the 
pulilic monrys eligible, unless six monllis before the eleclion their accounU are closed and settled. The Legislature can 
rot grant ilivorces, or change of names, or sales of estates of persons under leg;d disabilities, nor change the venue in any 
criminal or pcEinl prosecution by speei-al legislation, but by general laws shall confer such powers upon the courts. 

The gom-nor and lleulenant-governor are chosen quadrennially by a plurality of voles; they must be Ihiny-nve years 
of age, eilizens of ihe fniu^d SUiles, and inhabitanU of llic Stale for the six years next preceding the election. The gov- 
ernor is not eli-ilile for two eonseculive terms: he enters upon ofllce the Hnh Tuesday after the general election, and 
continues in ofllee until his successor has lalien the oath of oince. He grants pardons, etc., and may veto a bill, but a 
majority of all Ihe members elect of both houses negatives his objections, and the bill becomes law. The lieutenant- 
governor is M^nffldo President of the ScnaUs with Vie right to dehate and mti, and wlien there is a tic to throw a 
casting vote: and if the olllcc of governor become vacant he, and after him the Speaker of the Senate, shall act as gov- 
ernor Tf the vacancy occur after the llrsl two years of the gidwrnatorial term— if before, the people fill the vacancy. 

The (iilmlnUtnitire oftleers of the government arc— a Secretary of Stite, appoinleil by the governor ; and the people 
elect a Slate Treasurer for two years, and an Auditor of Public Accounts, a Kcgislcr of the Land OfHcc, an Attorney- 
general, ami other inferior officers for four years. 

The Jmliiiiiri/ consisis of a Court of .\ppeal3. Circuit Courts, and County Courts. At Louisville there is a separate 
Cliancery Court. The Court of Appeals has appellate jurisdiction only; the judges arc elected for eight years by the 
people in ilislricts, one every two years, and the judge having the shortest period to serve is chief Jnslice. Tiie judges 
must have birn eight years practicing lawyers, and must be resident citizens, etc. Any three of the judges may consti- 
tute a court for the transaction of business. Circnit courts are established in e.ach county, and for the election of judges 
of these courts Ihe Stale is divided into twelve judicial circuits, each of which elects a judge to serve for six j'ears. There 
Is also a County Court in e.aeh county, consisting of a presiding ju'ige and two associates, elected for four years, .any two 
of whom may transact business. There are also in each county two justices of the peace, to hold olllpe for four years. 
Attorneys for the Commonwealth, clerks of conrLs, sur^'eyors, coroners, jailers, and assessors are elected in their several 
circuits, districts, or counties, and tlieir terms of office arc the same as that of the presiding judge of the circuits, districts, 
etc Each county elects a sheriff for two years, and each justice's district a constable. 

" A commis.sion to revise and arrange the statute law of the State, and another to prepare a code of practice, civil and 
criminal, shall be appointed by the A.ssembly at its first session." 

Kegarding Kl'tvfnj, the constitution provides that no laws shall be passed for the emancipation of slaves without the 
consent of their owners, or without paying tile owners, prior to emancipation, a full equivalent, and providing for their 
removal from the Slate. Owners of slaves may emancipate them, saving the rights of creditors. Immigrants to the Slate 
may bring their sl.aves with them, but slaves are not allowed to be introduced as merchandise, nor under any eircum- 
atances slaves imported inio the I'nion since .Tanuary 1st, 17^9. Masters must treat their slaves humanely, or the slaves 
shall be soM. Slaves shall not have the right of an inquest by the Grand .Jury, but shall not be deprived of an impartial 
trial by a petit jury. Free negroes or mulattoes coming into or refusing to leave the State, are deemed guilty of felony, and 
may be sent to the Penitentiary'. 

To amend the constitution, a majority of the members elect of each house must, within the first twenty days of a 
regular stssion, vote to Lay the matter iiefore the people, and at the next general election a majority of those entitled to 
Vote for representatives, must vote therefor; the .\sseml)ly, at Us next regular session, must pass a vote to lay the matter 
again before Uic people, and the majority of all the votes, as befitre, must be given therePtr, and then at its next session, 
the Assembly shall appoint an election for members to compose the convention, which sliall consist of as many members 
as there may be in the House of r.cprcscntatives, and no more— such convention to meet within three months after eleo 
tion for the re-adopting, amending, or changing the eonslitulion. 

The Stntv militia of Kentucky, according to a return of 1B.5I, consists of Sl,$4fl men of all .arms, of which 4,S05 are 
commissioned officers, and 77,0:^5 non-commissioned officers, musicians, artificers, and privates. Of the commi.ssioned 
officers 43 arc gener:d officers, 14.% general stafT officers, 1.6.^)^ field officers, and 3,4.59 company officers. According to the 
conslilulinii, all free wliite. able-bodie^I male persons in the Slate, between IS and 45 years of age, except such as are by 
law exempt, compose the militia of the SUale, and elect their own officers. 

The principal Stute inxfitutimi^ for the relief of the unfortunate are — the Lunatic Asylnm, at Lexington, which, on 
Die 1 st .Tanuary, 1S.50, had 300 inmates; tlie Deaf and Dumb Asylum, at Danville, which had at the same date 4S pupils; 
and the Inslitulion for the Blind, at Louisville, which had 88 pupils. A second Lun.atic Asylum, at Hopkinsvilie, is 
nearly completed. 

Finnncea, PiiMic Delit, etc.— The ordinary receipts into the treasury for the year ending lOlh October. 1S51, amounted 
to *7.18,2J5 ra. anil Ihe ordinary expenililiires for Ihe same year to $733,058 40— excess of income (including balance 
from 1S50), $4,592 12. The value of taxable properly in 1S551 was $317,nS'2,004— increase since 1S50, $17,751.1.39. The 
rate of taxatiim is 17 cents on every $100 worth of property (10 cents for the ordinary expenses, 5 cents for tlie sinking 
ftmd, and 2 cents for the school fund). The objects of taxation ura— general : land, 19.845,072 acres, valued at 
$140,477,110 ; town lots. 84,8.')7— $8,5,742,374 : slaves, 196.1SS— $03,050.217 ; horses, 832,99S— $I2,6.-i3.5in ; mules, 49,094— 
$2,264,1109 ; Jennies, 2,47R— $174,953 ; stores, 8,718— $9,862,457 : surplus cash, bonds, elc, $:?9,n92.993 : and o/icci/fc .■ ear- 
riagM and barouches, 8,463— tax $1 each ; buggies, 4,079- tax .50 cents each ; pianos, 1.3,33— tax $1 each ; gold KpecLacles, 
1,422— tax 50 c^nls each ; gold watches, 0,94.3— tax $1 each ; silver lever watches, 8.053— tax 60 cents each : studs, jacks, 
and bulls, 2,857— taxed $5,036. Total white males over 21 years old who pay a poll tax for cmintij piirpnsen. 1.57,410. 

The pul>lic debt has been chiefly eonlracte.l f.,r the purposes of internal improvement. In 1329 so economically had 
the government been artminislered, that there was a surplus in the Ireaaury of some $200,000. This was distributed 
among the counties, and applied to Internal improvements ; and stimulated by the nvsulling benefUs and the " new impulse" 
■which had s.>lzed upon the adjoining stales, Kentucky, in 1385, borrowed $l,000,"Oll, to he expended also on turnpike 
roads, of which the country was liien woc.fiilly dellcicnt; other sums were subsequently borrowed, to be applied in the 
Mrae way, for-.urnpikes, for railroads, and for locking, and d.amming, and creating siaekwater navigation in the Kentucky, 
Green, and I.lelilng rivers. For these purposes, also, a large share of the school fund was appropriated, for which the 
State now pays iuteresL The entire debt on the Ist January, 1S52, was $5,726,807 SO, composed as follows: debt to 
818 > < r 



KENTUCKY. 



Individuals, $4,247,537 40; to Southern Bank of Kentucky for stock, $150,000,* to what is known as the Craddocfc Fund, 
$2,000; and to Board of Education, $l,8Jf;,770 40. To pay the iutcrcsl and principal oftliis debt, the State has a sinking 
fund, the receipts into which, in 1651, were $531,044 54, and the expt-ndilurt-s were $.'jut3,445 OG — excfss of roct-lpta, 
$24,589 48. Tlie sources of income to this fund are— a lax from banks and dividends on stocks in the same, premiums 
on State bonds, dividends on stocks in turn pike- road a, dividends for slackwater Improvcmenla, of 5 cents on $100 worth of 
property listed for taxation, tax on brokers and insurance companies, excess of ordiuar>" revenue at llie end of uacli 
fiscal year over $5,000. The interest on the State debt has been punctually paid and some portion of the principal- 
Kentucky stocks are always held at a large premium in the markets. 

Federal Representation.— Kenlucky, in accordance with the ratio of apportionment adopted by the act of 23d May, 
1S50. sends 10 representatives to the national legislature. 

jE^lucation.^ThQ school fund in December, 1S51, amounted to $1,400,270, consisting of State and bank stock, and 
besides this the 2 per cent, lax, before named, is devoted to school purposes. The common schools are under a superln- 
tendeot of public instruction, elected by the people for four years. According to his exhibit at the above date 90 counties 
and 5 cities and towns had made rep'»rLs; the number of children reported as attending the district schools was ISO.Ul, 
and the average attendance was 74,;343. Money distributed to the reporting counties, cities, ^nd towns $111,6G6 60, the 
same having been paid from the inloreat on the permanent fund and 2 per cent. tax. These statistics embrace only tho 
schools connected with the State system ; the number of children in the State between the ages of 5 and 16 years waa 
205,755, n)any of whom are doubtle^Iy attending the numerous private schools and academies which exist in every part 
of the St;ile.. The principal collegiate institutions in the State are — Transylvania University, at Lexington, founded 1793 
—in In'50 it had 7 professors, 610 alumni, and 40 slu<Ient9, and its library contained 14,000 volumes; Sl Joseph's College, 
at Bardstown, founded 1S29 (Catholic)— in 1350 it had 15 professors, 196 alumni, 155 students, and a library of 5,000 vol- 
mn«s; the Center College, at Danville, founded 1820— in 1S50 it had 7 professors, 363 alumni, and 152 students, and 5,500 
volumes in its library; Augusta College (Methodist), at Augusta, founded 1S25— in l?oO it had 4 professors, 60 alumni, 
51 students, and a library of 2,500 volumes ; Georgetown College (Baptist), at Georgetown, founded 1S40— in 1S50 it had 
7 professors, SO alumni, and 66 students, and a library of 6,500 volumes; Bacon College, at Harrodsburg, founded 1S3G — 
in 1S50 it had 5 professors and 75 students, and its library contained 1,200 volumes ; ■Western MiUtary Institute, at Dren- 
non Springs, founded 1847— in 1S50 it had 10 professors and 150 students, and a library of 1,000 volumes; and Shelby 
College, at Shelby vi lie— in 1850 it had 4 professors and 93 students, and a library of 4,000 volumes ; the Western Baptist 
Theological Institution, at Covington, was founded in 1S40, and in 1550 had 4 profes9<jrs and 18 students, and a library 
of 2,000 volumes. There is a law school attached to the University at Lexington, and another to that of Louisville— both 
have 3 professors, and the former had in 1S50 75 students and the latter 52 students. Medical schools are also attached 
to these universities — that attached to Transylvania University was founded ISIS, and in 1S50 had 7 professors, 214 
students, and 1,351 graduates, and that to Louisville University, founded 1S37, 7 professors, 376 students, and 53 graduates. 
The law and medical schools of the University of Louisville are its most flourishing and important departments. 

FiiUic Lihraru's. — One State librarj', 9,000 volumes ; one social librarj-, 3,500 volumes: ten college libraries, 37,150 
volumes ; ten students' libraries, 7,190 volumes ; three academic and proft-ssional libraries, 4,000 volumes ; one library of 
scientific and historical society, 1,500 volumes; one public school librarj', 1,100 volumes; total, 27 libraries, G;?,440 volumes. 

Periodical /*/¥**.— The whole number of periodicals published in Kentucky in liSO was 64, of which 27 were news- 
papers devoted to whig and 12 devoted to democratic principles, the remainder being devoted to neutral politics, 
literature, religion, etc. Of the total number, are published daily, and circulate at each issue an aggregate of 28,169 
copies; 5 tri- weekly (1,356 copies); 4 semi-weeklies (4,000 copies): 41 weekly (21,412 copies); 1 semi-monthly (5,000 
copies); and 7 monthly (5,150 copies). The monthly publications are— the "Methodist Monthly,"' at Frankfort; the 
"Baptist Kevjew," the "Ciceronian Magazine," Ihe "Examiner," and the "Medical Journal," at Louisville; the 
"Gazette," at Covington, and the " Delpliian Oracle," at Georgetown College. The principal daily newspapers are — 
the "Democrat," "Journal," "Advertiser," " Courier," "Journal of Commerce," published at Louisville. Daily papers 
also published at Covington, Lexington, and Frankfort. 

Beligious DenominatiQii^. — The statistics of the several religious denominations in 1950, according to the census of Lhat 
year, were as follows : 



Denomln.- No. of 


Church 


Value of 


Denomina. No. o( 


church 


T.lue or 


Denomina- No of 


Church 


Talue of 


lioii^ Churrties. 


accora. 


Property. 


tiona. Cliurdies 


accom. 


Troperty. 


tiona Cliurdics. 


aci -.m. 


l'r„,,,rtT. 


Baptist 789 . 


290,460 . 


. $571,656 


Gcr'n r.cf. . — . . 


— . 


%- 


R. Calhnlic. *S . . 


24,240 . 


. $330,910 


Christian... 113 . 


48,040 . 


. 105,725 


Jcwisli 1 . . 


eoo . 


13,000 


Swedenb'g. — .. 


— 


— 


Congregall. — .. 


— 


— 


Lutheran. . . 5 . , 


2,S50 . 


21,500 


Tunker 1 . . 


200 . 


200 


Dutch r.ef.. — .. 


— 


_ 


Mennonite . — , . 


— . 


— 


Union 31 . . 


11,000 . 


13,000 


Episcopal.. 17 .. 


7.050 . 


. 112,150 


Methodist.. 523 .. 


107,560 . 


402,955 


Unitarian.. 1 .. 


700 . 


. 15,000 


Free 82 .. 


8,777 . 


. 1-3,000 


Moravian . . — . . 


— . 


— 


Universalist 6 .. 


2.000 . 


. 10,050 


Friends — .. 


— . 


. — 


Presbyter'n. 223 .. 


99,006 . 


492,303 


Minor Sects 31 . . 


S,C50 . 


. 27,150 



Making a total of 1,818 churches, having accommodation for 672,033 persons, and church property valued in cash at 
$2,250,99^ ; or 1 church, accommodating 370 persons, to every 540 inhabitania, and valued as property at .? 1,243. Ken- 
tucky is a dioces/F of the Protestant Episcopal Church, and also constitutes the Koman Catholic diocese of LouLsvillo. 

Paitperuim and Crime.— T\\c whole number of paupers who received support within the year ending 1st June, 1?50, 
was 1,126, of which number 9T1 were native born, and 155 foreigners ; and the whole number on the pauper list at that 
date was 777, of which 690 were natives and &7 foreigners. Cost of support for the year, $57,543. The whole number 
of convicts in the State Penitentiary, on the Ist December, 1S50, was 159—16 more than were incarcerated at the same 
period of the year 1849. 

Historical S^'etch.— It was not until the middle of the eighteenth century that the white man's foot-print was traced 
In Kentucky, The region was one great hunting-ground and battle-field for the savages of the North and South. Among 
the earliest American explorers were Boone .and Knox, and these, after incredible perils, returned to Virginia and Caro- 
lina, spreading everywhere the fame of the backwoods. Then came Bullitt, Uarrod, and Henderson. The foundation 
of Boonesboro' was laiil by Baniel himself, who had brought to the banks of the Kentucky the first white women — his 
wife and daughter. Kenlon. Calloway, and Logan arrived next. Kentucky waa now made a county of Virginia, and in 
17(7 the flrel court was held at Ilarrodsburg. 

349 



KENTUCKY. 



A review of the polilical history of Kentucky presenis but few prominonl landmarks. The war of Ihc Revohilion 
closed, but left Ihc Kenttiekian in eonslnnl danger of Indian oulnige. Tlie citizens assembled at Danville, wliii-h became 
afterward fiimou.s for convemions west of the niounlalns, and soon came to the conclusion that llie jjovernment at liich- 
mond was too far distant to be relied upon for the means of defcndins: the scanty selllemenis from the savage. Two 
other conventions at Danville recomm.-n.led a peacealile and constituti.nial separation from Viririnia. The third con- 
vention sent a petition to P.ichmond, and in 17-6 an act was passed complyinit willi the desires of Kentucky ; but from 
several causes the separation was not completed, chiefly from a dlsinclintition of llie people to bind themselves to the old 
confederalioTi, and for some time after tliis period tlie Kenluckian sought to obtain an independent nationality. A fourth 
convention at Danville only served to inllanu^ more and more the minds of tlie people- against the Central Government, 
and a report having become current that Mr. .lay had ceded the navigation of the Mississippi Kiver to !>pain, llie utmost 
ill-feeling was the consequence. A fillh conveulion met, and on petition, a delegate to Congress was allowed by Vir- 
ginia ; but the Constitution having been adopted, Congress turneil over to the now government all action upon the claims 
of Kentucky. The whole Slate was again in ferment at this delay, :ind at this early period the refusal of Congress was 
attributed by able minds to the Jealousy of New Kngland of any increa.se of Southern power, and this Jealousy was 
expected to continue under the new government 

Taking advantage of this state of things in the West, Spain proposed clandestinely through her minister peculiar com- 
mercial favors and facilities to Kentucky if she would erect herself into an independent government. These propositions 
had the elTeit ofilisturbing the public mind, and the risk of a severance from the Union was imminent. But a sixth and 
scveiilli convention were held at Danville ; and though party politics ran high in the debates, constitutional measures at 
length prevailed, and an address to Congress w,i3 moved and voted. Two more conventions were subsequently held, and 
Ihc question was determined by Kentucky becoming a separate territory in 1790, and its admission into the Cnion on 
the 1st .lime, 1T'.'2. 

Indian wars continued frequent on the frontiers, and complaints of the inelBciency of the federal powers were again 
heard. The whisky Uix also became oppressive, and the American policy toward the French Eepublic was denounced 
in every cabin. Kulhu.siasm was at its height, and the agents of the mad minister Genet were received in triumph 
throughout the WesL It was even proposed to raise troops in Kentucky to make a descent on New Orleans. Democratic 
clubs were extending everj'wiiere, and even the governor did not scruple to write to the Secretary of State, " I shall feel 
but little inchnation in restraining or preventing my fellow-citizens, etc., to gratify or remove the fears of a minister of a 
prince who openly withhoMs from us an invahiai>le right, and who secretly instigates against us a savage and cruel 
enemy." The old itlca of independence was again mooted, but the storm passed over. 

In the ten or twelve years which succeeded, and which included the period of negotiation for the navigation of tho 
Mississippi, and tlien for the purchase of Louisiana, Kentucky was again destined to be agitated to her very centre. The 
treaty of 1795 willi Spain gave to the United States the right of deposit at New Orleans, and the freedom of the river. 
Pending tlie negotiations, tho Governor of Louisiana had approached some leading Kentuckians, with the view of a 
difTerent treaty, but action on these premises was stayed by federal ititcrference, and the faithlessness of the Spaniard was 
Boon made evident. Seven years now passed in comparative quiet and prosperity, when the whole nation was excited by 
the intelligence that the Spaniards had violated the treaty by a denial of the right secured by the treaty of 1795, and it 
beetime known that even Louisiana itself had been retroceded to France. 

The ]>urchase of Louisiana by the United States woula forever have composed the turbulent elements of the "West bnt 
for the appearance there, at that period, of a man whose genius was of the most profound ch.iracter, whose popularity 
had been wide, but whose career and ainl)itinn had been prematurely arrested. Aaron Burr was prepared for any great 
and desperate enterprise, and the West seemed to promise the widest field for his abilities. "What the designs of Burr 
really were, has never, perhaps, been fully divulged. The probability is, they have been exaggerat<-d ; nor can any 
faith be pl.iced in Katon's story about the assassination of the President, the corruption of the navy, and the violent over- 
throw of Congress. Thirty years after this, when on his deathl>e<l. Burr solemnly denied these treasonable designs. The 
policy, if not llie ambition or virtue, of Burr was opposed to such a course. The material tliat he could rely on was en- 
tirely in the West; and within the bounds of a not very clearly asccrbaincd national policy or duty at that period, an army 
of adventurers might be found to precipitate 1hem.selves upon the Spanish colonics of the South-west, and entirely revo- 
lutionize them. The success of the citizen Genet, a few years before, evinced this, but now the times were even riper, as 
the Spanish troops, in the first heart-buruings of Spain after the cession to Bonaparte, had been ordered to our frontier, 
and an American army, under Gen. Wilkinson, was ready to check their advance. War with Spain was daily expected. 

This Si>utlicrn empire, or republic, which loomed up so magnificently in the mind of Burr, was not intended to dispossess 
Spain : only a part— it is <linicull to say how much— of tho territory lately purch:ised liy our own government, was to be 
includeil, certainly New Orleans. The result of these transactions, however, belong to general history, and hence, in this 
connection, may be p,as.sed over in silence. Sufflce it to say. that Burr was tried for treason, but though acquitted, 
the stain of live imputation cast on his patriotism has never been effaced ; and to our own times, ami in every school, his 
tremon and its consequences are helrl bef,.re the youth of our land as a warning to th.-ir ambition. The lesson thus 
taught, however, seems to have little effe.^t, el.ne thi' extension of the area of freedom would still be m.ire limited than it 
b foanil to be; in fact, the dream of Burr has become a real existence; and what he coveted— Louisiana, Texas, New 
Mexico, ami Oalifornia— are parts and parcels of tho Union. Burr's great fault, then, appears to be, that he was in ad- 
vance of the times in which he lived. 

Kentucky took an active part in the war of 1S12. Wlien the T'nilcd States proclaimed against Great Britain, the w.ar 
was hailed with acclamation, and supported with zeal by llie iiihal)itanls. When the news of the surrender of General 
Hud reached tlie State, it excited no feelings but those of a w:irnier enlhusi;ism in the cause. The whole quota of the 
Slate, consisting of upward of 5.e00 men, was comi>oseii of volunteers, and was caMed into active service. In addition 
to these a f.irce of mounted volunteers was raised, and at one lime iipw:ird of 7,000 Kentuckians are said to have been 
ill the field. So universal was the desire to share in the dangers and glories of tho war, that the executive aulliority w.as 
obliged to interpose, to limit the numbers. During this period the chair of the Stale government was fille.l by Isaac 
Shelby, a hero of the P.evolulionary War, who, at an advanced age, manifested the same enterprise iin.l bravery that had 
gained him an ho„ora\>le distinction in tlie battle of King's Mounl:iin. At the b:utlc of FrencMown, and the barbarous 
mawacre that r.,llowed it. many of the best citizens of Kentucky were destroved : and the impetuous, luit ill-regulated, 
courage of h.'r mihtia at the unf.irtunatc attempt to relieve Fort Meigs, proved fatal to a lar"e bodv of her troops. 

Since the termination of this war by the treaty of 1815, the history of Kentucky is undisturbed by any stirring events. 



KEN 



KEW 



Ite progress has been rapid, iind the developim^rit of Ihe oounlry in aijriciillure ;iiid otlur nutional imiustrics has occupied 
the minds of the* pi-ojjit; in prfft.Tcnrf to warfare :ind strife. True, the wiir Willi Ml-xIco was eii^asf<i in by many of its 
best citizens, I'Ul Ihe scene of action was loo far distant to alTuot Ilie fortunes of llic Slate. This happy termination of the 
feuds and fights of (tie first jieriods of its Idslory, has resulted in Keuliieliy becoming one of lliu wcaUhie*it and moat 
prosperous Slates of ilie Union, and in many respects she stands conspicuous as an example of wisdom :ind patriotism 
for the instruction of future ]KtIitieal communilies. 
Fraskkort, on ihe Kentucky IJiver, is tlie political ft'ipital of the Slate. 



KENTurKY river, Ky. : one of Ihe largest and most impor- 
tant tributaries of iIk* Ohio Kiver. from wliich the Stale de- 
rives its name, lias three i)rincii)ul sources. l)y the north, 
middle, and soutli forks, which unite in Owsley co. The 
most remote source is that of the north fork in Letcher co., 
but all three are in the Cumberland Mountains. The length 
of the river In tlie junction is 2(JD m.,and in a direct line only 
lOS ra. ; ila general course being N. W. The narigjition of 
this river hiis bei-n improved by a system of dams jurI locks, 
creating shickwatcr, and atTording a least depth of six feet, 
to the confluence of the forks. There vc 17 dams and 17 
locks, giving a rise of 20 to 25 feet each.^ The locks are ITS 
feet long, and 3S feet wide, allowing boats of heavy tonnage 
to pass. The whole ascent is 216 feet. For beanly and 
grandeur of scenery, Ihe river is not surpassed by any in 
America, excepting the Hudson. For a great part of its 
course it runs through a deep channel in lime-rock, as it 
were worn by attrition. Coal is found in its banks at sev- 
eral localities, and a species of marble is found which is ca- 
pable of a line polish. 

Kentucky VI LLE. p. o., Susquehanna co., Pe/ui.: 120 m. 
N. N. E. Harrisburg. 

Kejjyok, p. o., .Tackson co., Arlr. : 67 m. N. E. Little Rock. 

Keokuk coimly, Iii Situate S. E. centrally, and con- 
tains 576 sq. m. Drained by X. and S. forks of Skunk r., 
"Which unite in llie S. K., and in the N. by S, fork of English 
r., a braneh of Iowa r. Surface rolling or almost level. 
Soil a sandy loam of great fertility, producing all the cereals 
in abundance, and feeding large dairies. It has excellent 
water-power. Farms 326; manuf. 12; dwell. S20, and pop. 
— wh. 4,S22, fr. col. 0— total 4,822 CapiUd: Lancaster. 

Krokuk, p. v., Leo co., la, : on W. bank of Mississippi r. 
(at the foot of the Lower Itapids), 3 m. above the confluence 
of Dcs Moines r., S6 m. S. by E. Iowa City. It has a good 
landing and levee. The main body of the town Is built 
back upon the bluff, which is nearly level. It stands upon 
a biisis of limestone rock, c)f the finest quality, atfonling in- 
exhaustible supplies for building. The setllement of this 
place was originally owing to the existence of the "Lower 
Eapids" of the Mississippi r., at the foot of which it is situ- 
ated. These are eleven miles in length, running over a 
limestone bed. The fall in that dislanct- is 24 feet. Hence, 
at low water, steamboats are compelled to ln-re ilischarge 
their freight, towing it over the rapids with lighters. A 
comjjany has been incorporated to build a canal around 
these rapids, sufTicient to pass large steamers. The water 
of the canal will also be used for machinery. The locality 
of Ki-oknk, at the contluenee of the lies Moines r., makes 
it the dep.M, and enlrepot of the fertile valley of the iJes 
Moines, which contains more than half the population and 
agricultural weallh of the State. Pop., in 1S40, was about 
150; in 1S15. 46i); lS5f), 3,7T3; 1852, 3,963. The town con- 
tains 2 steam flour-mills, 3 steam saw-mills, 2 hirge found- 
ries, between SO antl 90 stores, several hotels, a good market, 
and steam-ferry. The number of steamboat arrivals in 
1851 and 1S52, was 1,5'Ji). Here is the Medical Department 
of the Slate University, wliich is well cmlowed, and has 
T professorships. There are 6 churches, 1 hospital, 3 acade- 
mies, 3 i>nblic schools. 3 select sehools. The newspapers I 
are "The Keokuk Dispatch" (dem.), " Wliig and Ilegister" I 
(whig), a medical jourjial, and a temp, newspaper. j 

Keosai'qL' A, p. v., and cap. Van liuren co., fa. : on the 
N. or left bank of Des Moines r., 60 m. S. S. W. of Iowa 
city. It contains the C. II., jail, etc., luimerous stores, and j 
about 705 inhabitants; and is a place of shipment for a fer- j 



tile and extensive district of country. The " K. Jefleraonian** 
(<iem.) is pnl)llshe(l weekly. 

Kei'ner's p. o., Schuylkill co., Peim.: 63 m. N. E. Har- 
risburg. 

Kehneebville, p. 0., Forsyth co., X. Car: : 94 m. W. N. W, 
Raleigh. 

KEHNEY8ViLLE,p.o.,.TL-irersonco., I7/v--'l-2 m. N. byW. 
Richmond. 

Keieb's Cheek, p. o., Rockbridge county, V'lrg.: 112 m* 
W. by N. RiehmoTid. 

KKaa'sSTOKEjp. o., Clarion co., I'cnn. ; 144 m. N. W. by W, 
Harrisburg. 
KEit.sEY's, p. o., Elk CO., Pen}}. : 118 m. N. W. Harrisburg. 
Keksuaw district, ^. /'<//■. SiluateN. K., and conUtinsd33 
sq. m. Lyturh'ser ,a branch of Great iVdee r., forms its N. E. 
line, into which Little Lynch cr. flows. Watt-ree r. flows S. 
through the W.. and has many small tributaries. Surface 
<liversified ; soil on the streams of great fi-rtility, the higher 
lands are somewhat sandy, luil are all pni.luetivL'. Corn ia 
the chief agricultural produel. It has good pastures, on 
which are fed large numl)ers of cullle and sheep. Its 
water-power is large and important. Farms 3S3 ; manuf. 
21 : dwell. 92*, and pop.— wh. 4,6S1, fr. col. 214, si. 9,5TS— 
tntal 14.473. Capital: Camden, Puhlic Wvrks: Camden 
IJrancli R. U. 

Kessler's. p. o.. Northampton county, Penn. : 94 m. 
N. E. by E. Harrisburg. 

Keswick Dr:p6T, p. o., Albemarle cf)unty, Virg.: 03 m. 
N. E. by 3^. Richmond, on the line of the Virginja Central 
R. R., 7 m. E. Charlottesville. 

Keicuam's Corners, p. o., Saratoga co., N. Y. : 20 m. N, 
All.any. 

Kettle Creek, p. o,, Potter co., Penv. : 95 m. X. N. "W. 
Harrisburg. 

Ketile Cri,ek, p. o., Monmouth co., X. Jer.: on the 
creek so calkd, 36 m. E. S. E. Tn-nton. 
Kewanna, p. o., Fulton co., hul. : so m. N. Indianapolis. 
Krwaskum. p. o., Washington eo., K'wc. .- 63 m. E. N. E, 
.Madison. 

Kewaunee county. Wise. Situate N". E., and contains 
342 s(i. m. It lies on the neck of the peninsula between 
(^rcen Bay ami Lake Michigan, and is drained by East 
and West Twin rivt-rs, Searboro' r., and other small streams. 
Surface uneven, and covered with heavy linilier; soil little 
cultivated iis yet. The county is but (Kirtially settled, and 
the limlier business is the cliicf pursuit. Unorganized in 
1S50. Capital : Kewaunee. 

Kewaunee, v., p. t., and cap. Kewaunee co., Wise: on 
the \V. side of Lake Michigan, 137 m. N. E. Madison. 

Kewenaw Peninsula, Mich.: a part of Houghton co., 
projecting into Lake Superior from its southern shore. It3 
length is about 43 miles, with an average width of 15 miles. 
It is surrouniied on the N. W., N.. and E. by Ihe lake, on 
the S. by Kewcnaw Bay, and on tin? S. W. t)y Portage lake, 
leavingan isthmus, which is hut a mile across, and is used as 
a portage by the Indians and traders, with whom it has been 
the custom, when arriving here, lo transport on their hacks 
their peltries au'i canoes to the opposite shore. The penin- 
sula is drained by a ureal number of small streams, which 
aff'ird ample hydraulic pnwer; and the same may be said 
of Ihe whole co.ist of the mineral district of the trap rock 
elevations, extending from Kewenaw Point to Presquo 
Isle river. The princip;d harbors are the Copper, Eagle, 
an<l Carp rivers, Kewenaw I>ay, and Ontonagon river, 
which has a depth of six feet over the bar at the en« 

8C1 



KEW 



nonce. The pust-officos »re, Algonquin, Kewcnaw Bay, 
Norlli-Wcsl Miuc, Oiiumotion, and Pt-uinsula. The soil or 
Ihe i.ini..>uta b rich, and very favorable for cer.ab, m Ihe 
dhrnle i» eo.n,>.ralively n.ild, on account of the u.oderal- 
Injt elTect of a large body of water on three sides. At I'orl 
■n-ilkins the meteorological observations iuslitutcd by order 
of the General Government, proved the mean temperature 
to bo two decrees milder than at Fort Brady, allhongl. the 
latter post is CO miles farther south. The lion. Truman 
Smith who .spent a season in examinations of the rommg 
country, pronounces it to be decidedly more favorable for 
aKrlcullurc than large portions of New England, inclu.lmg 
the northern part of ConnecUcuU Corn, p<jlaloe9, and sum- 
mer atid winter grains have yielded fahr relurna. The 
principal mining operations are for copper and iron, though 
Kohl, silver, lead, and other metals arc found. The greater 
part of the copper is obtained pure in its native sl.ate, some 
containing a portion of silver. Masses arc frequently raised 
ofmaiiv hundred weight, and often give great labor in their 
removal from the deep sliate. The shipments of native 
copper ami ore for the year 1S50 were equal to 4,000 tons of 
copper, and for ISO! equal to the consumption of the L mted 
Slates, or about 0,000 Ions. The iron mines have been 
worked very extensively the past two years, and there are 
Bome 30 organised companies engaged in active operations 
In the vicinitv of the celebrated iron mountains. The metal 
produced is'reniarkable for malleability, and peculiarly 
adapted to b.,iler plate and wire. By an act of the General 
Government passed Sept. 20lh, 1S50, the mineral lands of 
(his whole region were thrown into the market with the 
rights of |)re-ciiiplion as to occupants of other public lands; 
and to occupaiiu and lessees the privilege of purchasing 
one full section and no more, at Ihe minimum price of 
$2 SO per acre. The State of Michigan sent to the Wash- 
ington National Monument a block of native copper 8 feet 
loiig, 1 i feet wide, and 2 feet deep, poUshed, and beariug 
tills inscripUon : 



FIIOM 

MICHIGAN, 

" AN EMBLEil OF IIEtt TEirST tN THE tmiON.'' 



Kewksaw Bay, p. o., Houghton county, Mich.: on 
lake Superior. &36 m. N. N. W. Lansing. Keweiiaw (or 
Kcw-y-wcc-non) Hay is an indentation of Lake Superior, 
on ita southern shore. It is an inlet extending into the Upper 
Peninsula, dividing a peninsula of the same name on the N. 
from the mainland on the opposite side. 

Key Port, p. o., .Monmouth CO., K. Jer. : on a cove of 
EariUin Hay, 3-3 m. E. N. K. Trenton. Great efforts have 
been made'of late years to bring this place into notice, and 
with some suceeiis. It is eligibly situated for a port, and has 
excellent water accommodation. The southern route of 
railroad to Norfolk it is intended shall commence here, and 
11 is also the N. terminus of a plank road to Trenton .and 
Philadelphia. Steamboats run regularly to and from New 
York City— ilistance in a direct line, 24 miles. 
KETSul-ROn, p. o., Logan co.. Ay. ; 156 m. S.W. Frankfort. 
Kevsiiuiicu, p. o., I'iko county. III. : 77 m. W. S. W. 
Bpringtlcld. 

Kkysek's Hridgk, p. 0., Alleghany CO., Md.: 176 m. 
■W. N. W. Annapolis. 

Kevsi'Okt, p. v., Clinton co., III. : on tho W. bank of 
Koskoskia r., 81 m. S. by E. Springfield. 

Key Stose, p. o., Perry county, Pmn. ; 28 m. W. 
Harrisburg. 

Kbybtone, p. v., Jackson co., Ohio: on a branch of 
Eaccoon cr., 09 ra. S. S. E. Columbus. Here ore extensive 
Iron works. 

Kevsvillb, p. v., ChorloUo co., Tlrg. ; 66 m. S. W. by W. 
Bldimond. ^ 

ua 



KB? 

Kevtmville, p. v., and cap. Chariton co., m : on the 
E.si.le of Muscle Fork of Chariton r., near its confluence, 
and about 15 m. from the Missouri r., 74 m. N. ^\ . Jefferson 
Cilv. Pop. 1154. 

Key West p. v., port of entry, and cap. Monroe co., 
rior. : on the island so cidled, about 4S0 m in a direct 
S S. W. line from Tallahassee. Lai. 24= 82' N., and long. 
«io 47' 8U" W The island is 4 m. long by 1 m. in its widest 
pari, aiKl, iacludiug the salt pond, contains 197 acrt^. It is 
of c^ral formation, with little available soU, and very low 
and Hat, nowhere 20 feet above the sea. Dogwood, Madeira- 
wood, mangrove, and some other species, cover the unoo- 
copied parts, and the cocoa-nut, orange, and guava, flourish 
luxnrianllv where they can find soil sufBcient. The key 
was granted by the Spanish crown, some 40 years ago, to 
John P. Salas, and in Dec, 1S21, it was purchased of him 
by C.>l. Simonton, who took possession in person on the 22(1 
Jan., 1332, and in the following April he erected thereon the 
first small house. In April, 1323, a custom-house was 
esUablished here, and it W!i3 made a station for the Gulf 
squadron. In 1382 it was made a military post, but tho 
barracks were not completed until 1S45. The buildings aro 
large, airy, and commodious, and are placed on three sides 
of a quadrangle, the open side being toward the sea. Mrs. 
Mallory, mother of Senator MaUory, was the first while 
female tliat settled on the island. This was in 1323, and for 
a long time she was without a single companion of her sex. 
As pioneer matron of the place she was presented with a 
choice lot of land, on which she has erected a mansion, and 
now occujiies it as a boarding-house. John Uallcck, now a 
printer in Washington City, was the first white child bom 
on the key— this was in Aug. 1S29. From these small and 
recent beginnings, Key West has grown to be animporlant 
and prosperous place of about 2,807 inhabitants. It is tho 
largest town in Fl.irida, and in 1350 contained a court-house, 
jail, the latter a substantial stone building, 30 feet square, the 
U. S. District Court, which has cognizance of all wrecks 
and disasters, the State Circuit Court, the Marine Hospital, 
etc., and h.ad 20 stores, 10 warehouses, 4 look-out cupolas, 4 
churches, 11 wharves, and 050 dwellings. The Marine 
nospilal is 100 feet by 45, in the shape of the letter II ; it is 
a hamlsoiue building, well ventilated, and commodious. 
The churches are Episcopal, Baptist, Melhodist, and I'.onian 
Catholic-small but neat buildings. There are 4 private 
schools, and 1 county school— the latter open free to the 
ratluTless only. Fort Taylor is situate at the N. W. angle 
of llie island, within the main entrance to the harbor ; it is 
built on an artificial island, made by the deposit of many 
thousand tons of stone. It stands about 1,000 feet from the 
shore, and is 700 feet long in the rear, and 250 deep. Tho 
front facade is 258 feet within the bastions, tlie curtains being 
of Ihe same length as the front. It is very siibstaulially budt, 
and has cost about $1,500,000. The harbor is capacious, safe, 
and easy of access. It may be enlarged by several different 
channels, the principal ono being at the N. W. angle of the 
island— ships of 22 feet draft can enter there with safety. It 
is the only port admitting such between Pensacola and 
Hampton Koads. The principal business of Key West ia 
wrecking, but numbers are employed in fishing, sponging, 
salt maliing, and other similar occupations. Wrecking is a 
business peculLar to Ihe reefs, and a matter of the highest 
importance. (On this subject, see " Hunt's Merchants' 
Macazine," for Jan., 1852.) Sponges abound on tho reefe, 
and the people are making a profllable business in gather- 
ing them. A large portion of the population comes from 
Ihe liahama Islands, and are called couch-men, from their 
skill in diving, and the part of tho city this cla.ss inhabits is 
called Couchtown. Many of the leading merohanls are 
from New England. The position of Key West is impor- 
tant ; it is the Ket, of the United StaU-s to the Florida Pass 
and the Gulf of Mexico ; and henoe it has been strongly 
fortified. The lighuhouse stands on the highest ground of 
Uio island, and can bo socn 16 miles at sea ; and there is a 



KEZ 



KIN 



lighUship anchored on Uie reef at the W. entrance of the 
harbor. There is also :i Bubstnnliul imri lighltiouse on 
Sandy Key, 11 m. S. S. W. At tlie K. part of the island 
there is a natural salt pond, from wliieli 8(1,000 busliels of 
salt are annually nianuruclured. The steamers to Ilavanna 
and the Isllimus touch here regularly, and afford an oppor- 
tunity for visilinjw it, and conveyinj^ to its sunny shores and 
fine climate the invalid of the North. In 1^5!), 60 vessels 
(8,723 tons) cleared, and GS vessels (6,3T9 tons) entered the 
port. Shippina; owneii by residents, 6,T6rt tons, of which 
4,41o was recristered tonnage. Of tlie remaining tonnage, 
27 vessels (1.5;J9 tons) were wreckers, and 8 vessels (720 Vms) 
were engaged in coasting an<i the fisheries. • 

Kkzar Falls, p. c, York co., Me. : 91 m. S. S. W. 
Augusta. 
KicKAPOO, p. v., Peoria co., III. : G6 m. N. Ppringfield. 
KicKAPOo, p. o., Anderson county, T&r. : 150 ra. N. K 
Austin City. 

KiDDViLLE, p. £>., Clark county, ^y..- 44 m. E. byS. 
Frankfort, 

KinuoN. p. v., Cherokee Nation, Ijid. Ter. : on the W. 
side of Sullivan cr., 17 m. above its confluence with the 
Arkans.^s. Dwight mission station is located here, and also 
a flourishing school for the education of Indian youth. The 
stream is navigable for keel boats. 

KinnoN, p. v., Coweta co., Ga. : on a branch of Flint r., 
76 m. N. W. Miliedgeville. 
KaoARE, p. v., Carroll eo.,(9A. .• 107 m. K, N. E. Columbus. 
KiLLAMOOK river, Ortg, Tfv. : a stream emptying into the 
Pacific Ocean, in 45^ BG' N. lat. Its sources are almost in- 
terlocked with those of Tualatin and of tlie ■Willamette. 
KiLLBOTTENE, p. 0., Delaware co., Ohio ;21 m. N. Columbus. 
KiLLBL'CK, p. o., Cattaraugus co., iV. Y. : 253 m. W. by 8. 
Albany. 
Kri.LBrcK,p. o., Ogle CO., m. : 163 m. N. N.E. Springfield. 
KiLLEcrK. t. and p. o.. Holmes co.. Oh. : <yi m. N. K. Co- 
lumbus. Drained by Killbuek and its tribularj' creeks, which 
are fine mill-streams. Surface diversified; soil deep and 
fertile. Oxford, on the E. side of Killbuek, is the principal 
%iilage. Pop. of 1. 1,245. 

Killlvn's Mills, p. o., Lincoln co., A^. Oar. : 134 W. by S. 
Raleigh. y 

Killtxcly. t. and p. v.. "Windham county. Conn.: 44 m. 
E. by N. Hartford. Drained by Qninnebang r. and it.s branch- 
es, which atfurd valuable mill-power. Surface uneven and 
rough ; soil generally adapted to gr.-uss — on the streams, very 
f.Tlile. There are, besides the principal v., several others, 
at which extensive manufactures are carried on. The Nor- 
wich and Worcester E. E. skirts the Qninnebang in this t., 
and the New York and Boston (direct) E. E. will x>t\m 
through its N. part. The manufactures of the t. corLsist 
chiefly of cotton gooils, but there are ;ilso numerou.H handi- 
crads of minor importance. The '- Windham County Tele- 
graph" (whig), is issued weekly. Pop. of t. 4..M5. 

KiLLiNGTON- Peak, Vernu: one of the highest culmina- 
tions f>f th<' Green Mountains. It is located in the S. part of 
Sherluime township, and has an elevation of 2,924 feet above 
tide- water. 

KiLLiNGwoRxn, t and p. o., Middlesex co., Conn,: 32 m. 
S. by E. Hartford. Drained by Hammonasset and Menuk- 
etesuck rivers, which empty inlo'Long Island Sound. Sur- 
face uneven— in the N. rough ; soil sandy and gravelly loauL 
It is a good farmuig t.,and lias excellent dairies. Pop. 1,104. 
Kilmarnock, t and p. v., Piscat;iquis co., Me.: 9t m. 
N. N. E. Augusta. J)rained by Piscataquis p., and several of 
its aniuenL<i, one of which is the outlet of Otter Pond, Sur- 
face and .soil adapted to gnizing. The v. lie^ on the S. side 
of the Piscataquis, and has several mills, etc. Pop. of L 322. 
Kn-MARNOCK, p. v., Lanca-sler co., Virg. : on Chesapeake 
Bay, 54 m. E. by N. Eichmond. It contains about 200 in- 
habitants. The vicinity is a fine timber region. 

Kilmicilael, p, o., Choctaw county, JTisoi, ; 65 m. N. E. 
Jackson. 

23 



Kimball's Landing, De Sotnpar., la.: on thu S. end of 
Bayou Piere Lake, 176 m. N. AV. Halou Uonire. 

KiMBERLiN, p. o., Giles cuuuty, Vug.: lifj m. M. by S. 
Richtnond, 

KiMHRRTON, 1). v., Chester county, An ».; iw m. E. by S. 
Harrisburg. 

KiMBOLTON, p. o., Guernsey eountj-, Oh.: R8 m. E. by N. 
Columbus. 

KiMULGA, p. o., Talladega co., Ala. : on the Coosa r., 38 
m. W. Montgomery. 

KiNOANNos's Ferry, p. o., Meigs county, Timi. : 120 m. 
E. S. E. Nashville. 

KiNCARA, sla., Burlington co., K. J'<r.: on the Camden 
and Amboy R. E., 4 m. W. of Bonienlown. 

Kinder, p. o., Hancock county, //((/. .■ 2G m. E. by N. 
Indianapolis. 

KiNiiEKUooK, p. v., Van Buren co., Arl: : on the N. side 
of Liille Eock r., 5S in. N. Little Rock. 

KiNDERHOo^K, p. v., Pike county, III. : 77 ni. W. S. "W. 
Spriniifield. 

Kinderhook. t. and p. o., Branch county, Midi. : 6S ra. 
S. S. W. Lansing. There are several small lakes in this 
town. Pop. 3.>6. 

Kinderhooiv. t. and p. v., Columbia eo., y. Y. : 16 ni. S. 
Albany. Drained chiefly by Kinderhook er., an affluent of 
the Hudson and its numerous trilmtaries, one of which is the 
outlet of Fish Lake, ami all afford extensive water-power. 
Surface beautifully diversified ; soil sandy loam and clay, and 
highly cultivated. The village, 5 m. E. <if the Hudson r.. and 
N. of the creek, contains about 1,500 iidiabit:itif.s, and has 
numerous stores, etc. ; and a newspaper, the " K. Sentinel" 
(dem.), is published weekly. About 2 m. S. of the village 
is Linilenwald, the residence of the venerable Martin Van 
Buren, ex-presulent of the United States: and there are 
several tither villages. The manufactures of the t are con- 
siderable. Pop. 8,972. 

KiNPEEnoOK, p. o., Lincoln co., Ttnn.: G2 in. S. by E. 
Nashville, 

KiNUERnooK, p. o., Washington county, Virff. : 24S m. 
"W. by S. Richmond. 

King and QrEi-:N county, Virg, Situate E., and contains 
337 sq. m. Maitapony rivt-r forms its W. boundary, and 
Piankitank r. its 9. E. Surface agreeably diversified, and 
in parts quite liilly. Soil generally fertile. Dragon Swamp, 
on the heacl of the Piankitank, h.as been drained, and 
affords a large tract of diluvial soil of great dejitli and almost 
mcredible fertility. The crops of corn grown on tlie same 
spot, year after year, are unsurpassed in the Union. The 
staples of the co. are corn and wheat. Farms 502 ; maiuif. 
Ct; dwell. S92, and pop.— wh. 4,094. fr. col. 461, si. 5,701— 
total 10,319. Capital: King and Queen C. H. 

King and Queen ConnT-iiousE, p. v., ami cap. King and 
Queen co,, Vlrfj.: 33 m. E. N. E, Eichmond. It is situato 
on a plain aiiout 1 m. from Mattapony i\, and contains a 
court-bouse, the co. jail, and about 70 or 80 inliabitjintt. 

King Cueej;, p. o., Barnwell disl., (S^. Ct//'. ; SG m. S. by "W. 
Columbia. 

KiN(;iaELD, t. and p. c, Franklin county, Mt\ : 4S ra. 
N. by W. Augusta. Drained by Seven Mile Brook, an 
affluent of Kennebec r. Surface generally liilly— in the W 
ia Mount Abraham, a considerable elevation, from which 
the stream has its source ; soil of average fertility. The v. is 
a small settlement in the S. E. comer. It i* a flue grazing 
country. Pop. oft. CC2. 

KiNO George county, Virg. Situate N. E., and contains 
217 sq. m. It has Rappahannock river on the S. W., and 
Potomac r. on the N. E., lying between them, and drained 
by smalfcreeks flowing into tliem. Surface broken, and in 
parts marshy ; soil of average fertility ; corn and wheat are 
the staples. It has good timber. Farms 2T'J ; maimf. 8: 
dwell. 52«. and pop.— wh. 2,.3n3, fr. col. 265, si. 8,403— total 
5,971. Capitiil: King George C. H. 
King Ghohou CoirRT-nousE, p. v., and cap. King Georga 



KIN 

00., Virg. : about 2 m. from Eappaliomiock river, 51 m. 
N.'by K. Uiflimonil. 11 contains a courl-house, jail, etc., 
anU about 1"0 inhabilanljs. 

Kino of l-BUseiA, p. o., Montgomery CO., Penn. : 84 m. h. 
Harrisburf;. , , , 

Kings county, jV. I'. Situate on the W. end of Long 
Island, and contains 76 sq. m. It h.is East r., Wallabout, 
Gowanus, an.l New York bays on the W., and the Atlantic 
and .laniaioa Hav on the S. Its strta.ns arc all small. New- 
town cr., etnplying into East r., is the largwU Surface near 
East r. hilly : S. is a sandy plain. Various ores of iron, 
porcelain elav, and peal are found in small quanimes. Soil 
the best on the island, and under high cullivalion. Its gar- 
dens arc objects of great attention, and its fruit, especially 
grapes, very superior, liutler, potaUKS, fruit, and market 
ve"et;ibles arc the principal farming i.mducls. The great 
interests of the co. are manufacturing and commerc.al, and 
centre mostly in Brooklyn and Williamsburg. The chief 
manufactures arc distilled liquors, conlage, iron ware, oils, 
oil-elolhs, flour, leather, gl.ass, etc. For particulars of these, 
and its commerce and ship-l>uil.ling, see Ubooklyn and 
•W1I.U..M9BD1M. Farms 868 ; niauuf. 576; dwell. 16,809, and 
pop.— wh. IW.'^i'S. fr. col. S,9S4— total 138,S82. CaplUil: 
Brooklyn. Public W'orkt : Long Island E. U. 

King's, p. o., Barbour county, Ala. : about 65 m. 6. E. 
Montgomery. 

Kings l!i:NCn, p. o., Franklin county, (?«. : 104 m. N. 
Milledgeville. 

KiNusBEBuY, I. and p. o., Piscataquis county. Me. : 59 m. 
N. by W. Augusta. Drained by the heads of I'iseat.iquis 
river, one of which rises from small lakes in the 8. W. pari 
of the t., and the other from two others at llie ba.se of lius- 
soU Mount, in the N. E. Surface diversilled ; soU weU 
adapted to grazing and wheat-growing. Pop. of L ISl. 

KlsosBOKOVGii^ p. v., Fulton co., K }'. ; 44 m. N. W. 
Albany. It is a flourishing v. of some 400 inhabitants. 

Kings BitinOK, p. v.. New York co., N. I"..- 121 m. S. 
Albany. 1 he p. 0. is at the bridge so called, which crosses 
Spuyten Tuyvil creek, the dividing line between New Y'ork 
bland and Westchester county. 

KiNOsunnv, p. v., Whitesides county. III.: 12 m. from 
Albany, and 13:i m. N. N. W. Springfleld. 

Kingsbury, p. o., Cumberland co., X.Car. : 43 m. S. by VT. 
Kaleigh. 

KiNGSituRY. p. T., Laportc county, Inr?. : on a branch of 
Kankakee river, 132 m. K. by W. Indianapolis, and 6 m. 
from Laportc. 

KiNGsui-Kv, t. and p. v., 'W.nshingtnn CO., JVI T. : 49 m. 
N. by K. Albany. Drained by Wood cr, which empties 
■ into Lake Champlain; also by the Hudson r. on the 8. W. 
angle. Surface generally level ; soil sand, clay, and sandy 
loam, well cultivated and productive. The village contains 
about ih dwellings. The v. of Sandy Hill, the county seat 
of Justice and scene of B. F. Butler's "Stated Preachings," 
is also in Ihis lown. Pop. 8.1182. 

King's Cheek, p. o., Caldwell CO., K. Car. : 163 m.W. by N. 
Eakigh. 

Kino^e^sing, p. t. and v.. Philadelphia CO., Penn. : 89 ni. 
E. by 8. llarrisburg, and 7 m. 8. W. I'hilailelphia City. 
Schuylkill on the E., and Darby cr. on the W., bound it in 
those directions : both flow into the Delaware on its S. bor- 
der; surfiiee level; soil alluvial, and highly cultivated. In 
the Delaware are several islands belonging to the t., one of 
which. Mud l>land, is the site of Old Fort Mifflin, noted for 
its protnicted resistance to the British in 1 777. On the Schuyl- 
kill is the botanical garden founded by the naluralial Bar- 
tram. Pop. of u 1,178. 

Kings Fkuiiv, p. v., Cayuga co., J^. Y. : 136 m.'W. Albany. 
It contains about 40 dwellings. 

Kings Gap, p. v., Harris county, Ga.: 97 m. W. by S. 
MUlcdgeville. 

Kin*;si.ey's, p. 0., Crawford co., Penn. : 197 m. N.W. byW. 
Uarnol-urg. 



KIN 

Kino's Mills, p. o., Kane county, lU. : 153 m. N. N. E. 
Springfleld. 

Kisii'6 MiLts, p. v., Montgomery county, Mo.: 63 m. 
N. E. by E. Jeflerson City. 

King's Moiistain, p. v., Lincoln Co., X. Car. : 166 m. 
W. by 8. Ealeigh. In the ncighhorhood of this mountain 
is the scene of the celebrated battle of the 7th OcL, 1780, in 
which the British were defeated and compelled to surrender 
to the American militia. 

King's Polnt, p. v., Dade county, iTo. : 181 m. 8. W. 
Jefferson City. 

KiNOspoBT, p. v., Sulliv,™ CO., Temi. : above the junction 
of the forks of Holston r.. 286 m. E. by N. Nashville. Con- 
tains several stores and about 80 dwellings. 

Kino's Eiveb, p. o., Carroll co.. Ark.: on the r. so called, 
144 m. N. W. Little Eock. 

King's SETOUEsnaT, p. c, Chenango co., AT. Y. : 97 m. 
W. Albany. 

Kingston, p. v., and cap. Autauga CO., Ala. : on the TV. 
side Autauga cr., 22 m. N. W. Montgomery. The court- 
house is here, and a few dwellings. 

Kingston, p. v., Cass Co., Ga. : on a branch of the Coosa 
r., 136 m. N. W. Milledgeville. The Western and Atlantic 
K P.. passes through the v. ; and here is the eastern termi- 
nus of liome E. R., which is to be continued to Jacksonville, 
Ala., where it will connect the Selma and Tennessee Elver 
Eailroad. 

KiNcsTOS, p. v., De Kalb co.. III.: on Sycamore cr., 163 
m. N. N. E. Springfleld. 

Kingston, p. o., Madison county, Ky. : 48 m. S. E. 
Frankfort, 

Kingston, p. v., Somerset co., Md. : at the head waters 
of Aniiemesix r., 74 m. S. S. E. Annapolis. 

Kingston, t. and p. v., Plymouth co., ila.%<^. : 82 m. S. S. E. 
Boston. Drained by Jones r. and its branches, which 
have their sources in several ponds, and empty into a branch 
of Plymouth ILtrbor. The harbor, in common with that 
of Duxbury, lies within the Gurnet, which forms the N. 
boundary of Plymouth Harbor. Surface level ; soil thin, 
sandy, and barren. Monk's Hill, on the Ijorders of Ply- 
mouth, commands extensive views in every direction. The 
v., on Jones r, has an elevaU-d site, and containsS churches 
and 50 or 60 dwellings, many of them neat and substantial. 
The t. has many vessels engaged in the cod and mackerel 
fisheries; and has also several factories and commercial 
houses. Pop. 1,598. The Old Colony E. K. passes through 
the town. 

Kingston, p. v., and cap. CaldweU co., Mo. : 128 m. 
N. W. by W. Jefl'erson City. 

Kingston, t. and p. v., Eockingliam co.. A": ITamp. : 85 
m. S. S. E. Concord. Drained by two large ponds, the out- 
lets of which unite and empty into the .Merrim.ic; the 
largest. Great Pond, contains about 300 acres, and a wooded 
ishmd of about 12 acres. Surface divcrsifled, with several 
low hills ; soil a fertile loam. Pop. of 1. 1.192. 

Kingston, p. v., Middlesex Co., A'. Jer. : on Millstone r., 
l.'i m. N. E. by N. Trenton, on the line of the New Jersey 
l:. E. and the Delaware ami Uaritan Canal. Part of the 
V. lies in Somerset co. It contains several industrial estab- 
lishments, stores, etc., and about CO dwellings. 

Kingston, t., p. v., and cap. Ulster co., -V. I'.; 53 m. 
S. by W. Albany. Drained by Esopiis cr. and il» tribu- 
taries, and the Iliidson r. makes its E. boundary. Surface 
somewhat uneven; soil sandy loam, overljing limestone. 
The v., on the right bank of Esopus er., is 3 ni. W. of the 
landing on the Hudson. It contains the court-house, jail, 
numerous stores, factories, and here are printed 8 news- 
papers, the " Ulster Eepublican,'' the " Democratic Jour- 
nal." and the Ulster DemocraU" Kingston, originally called 
Ksopus, was early settled by the Dutch. Here was held the 
first convention of the State Eepresentativc«, which formed 
the old constitution— this was in April, 1777. On the 16th 
day of Oct. following, the British army burnt the village. 



KIN 



KIR 



fjen. Tauplianwas marchmgto therelief of Gen. liurj^nne, 
v?ho was compelled to surrender lo the American army the 
day following: at Bemus' Heights. Kingston is now a flour- 
ishing: town, with very considerable commercial and manu- 
Cicturing intorests. Pop. 10,236. 

Kingston, p. v., Koss county, Ohio: 84 m. 8. by E. 
Columbus. 

Kingston, p. o., Cumberland CO., K Car, : 50 m. S. by W. 
Ealeigh. 

Kingston, t. and p. v.. Luzerne co., Penn, : SI m. N. N. E. 
Harrisburg. Drained into Susquehanna r., which forma its 
S. E. border. Surface uneven; soil generally fertile. 
The v., formerly called 'Wyoming, is situate on the N. bank 
of the river, and is the shipping [dace of the coal mined in 
the neighborhoo<l. It contains several stores, and about ftO 
dwellings. The railroad surveyed along the Susquehanna 
will pass through Kintrston. The t. has some manufactures 
and mines. Pop. S.'^dG- 

KiNGSTON, p. v., Marquette co.^ Wixc. : on a branch of 
Nccnah r., into which it empties at the head of Puckawa 
Lake, 47 m. N. by E. Madison. 

Kingston, p. v., and cap.'Vi'ashington co., 7?. I. .-pleasantly 
eitunto, 27 m. S. by W. Providence. It contains a court- 
lioiise, church, and about .30 dwellings. 

Kingston, p. v., and cap. Koane co., Tenn. ,• on the point 
formed by the junction of Tennessee and Clinch rivers, V2S 
m. E. by S. Nashville. It contains the court-house, jail, and 
several stores. 

Kingston, p. o., Decatur county, Ind, : 54 m, S. E. 
Indianapolis. 

Kingston Centre, p. o., Delaware co., Ohio: 24 m. 
N. by E. Columbus. 

Kingston Mines, p. v., Peoria co., III. : on the bluEf near 
Illinois r., 52 m. N. E. Springfteld, 

Kingstown, v., Talbot county, J/t?,; oa the "W". side of 
Chnptank r., ^ m. E. S. E. Annapolis. 

KiNGSTREE, p. v., and cap. Williarasburgh dist., 5". Car.: 
on the N, E. side of Black r., 73 m. E. S. E. Columbia. 

Kingsville, t. and p. v., Ashtabula county, Ohio; on 
Conneaut r., 1T2 m. N. E. Columbus. Tlie t. is bounded on 
the N. by Lake Erie, and is traversed by Conneaut r. Sur- 
face somewhat broken ; soils rich and fertile. The v. is 
situate at the westernmost bend of the Conneaut, and about 
2 m. S. of the line of the Cleveland and Erie E. E. Popu- 
lation of u 1,494. 

Kingsville, p. v., Clarion co., Penn.: 152 m. W. N. "W. 
Ilarrisburg. 

Kingsville. p, o., Talledega co., Ala. : N.E. Montgomery, 

King Williasi county, Virg. Situate E. centrally, and 
contains 535 sq. m. It lies between Maltapony r. and Pa- 
munky r, which, uniting at the S. end of Ilie county, form 
York r. Surface uneven, and pleasantly varied ; soil gen- 
erally good, with many very fine plantations. Corn and 
wheat are the staples ; some cotton and tobacco ore raised. 
It has several good mill-streams. Farms 385; manuf. lU; 
dwell. 62'i, and pop.— wh, 2.702, fr. col. 34G, si. 5,731— total 
8,779. Oij'it<il: King "William C. II. 

King William, C. IL, p. v., and cap. King 'William co., 
Virg. : 24 m. N. E. by E. Richmond. It contains a linnd- 
somc courl-house. a clerk's office, and co. jail, all of brick, 
handsomely inclosed with iron railing, and shaded by 
locust trees. 

KiNGwoon, t, and p. o., Hunterdon co., y.Jer.: 20 m. 
X. W. Tr-'uton. Drained by Loakatong r. Surface hilly; 
soil the red shale, clay, and loam, peculiar to this Sl;Ue— 
fertile. The t contains several thrivirg villages. Popula- 
tion 1.799. 

KiNGwonn. p. v.. and cap. Preston co.. Virg,: 174 m, 
N. W. by N. Kichmond. 

KiNKEAD, p. o., St, Francois co., Mn.: US m. S. E.by E, 
Jefferson City. 

KiNLocK. p. c, La^vrence co., Ala. : 169 m. N. N. "W. 
Montgomery. 



KiNLOCK, P.O., Panola co., TVj, ; 240 m. N. E. by E. 
Austin. 

KiNNAKi), p. o,, Hancock county, Ind. : about 20 m. "W. 
Indianapolis. 

Kinnard's Stoeb, p. o., Maury co., 7>nn, 

KtNNE, p. v., Du Page county, III. : 165 m. N. N. E. 
Springfield. 

Kinnet's Fouk Corners, p. c, Oswego co., K. Y. : 154 
m. W. N. "W. Albany. 

KiNNicoNiCK, p. o., Lewis county, Ki/. : 9S m. N. E, 
Frankfort. 

KiNSDALE, p. o., "Westmoreland co., Virg. : 57 m, N. E. 
Kichniond. 

Kinsman, t and p. v., Trumbull co., Ohi<>: 15fi m. N. E, 
Columbus. Drained by Pymatuniugcr..an affluent of She- 
nango or. in Pennsylvania, Surface diversified; soil deep, 
dark mold, and fertile. The v. lies on the left bank of the 
creek. Pop. of L 1,005. 

Kinston, p. v., and cap. Lenoir co., iV. Car. : on the N. 
side of Neuse r., 73 m. S. E. by E. Ealeigh. It contains Ihe 
court-house, jail, and several stores. 

KiNTABisu, p. o., Sumter co., ^4?a. ; on Kintabish cr., a 
tributary of Tombigbee r, US m. "W. Montgomery. 

Kinzer's, p. o. and sta., Lancaster co.. Penn, : on the 
Columbia and Philadelphia E. K., 52 m. E. S. E. Harris- 
burg. 

KiNzuA, t and p. v., "Warren co., Penn. : 158 m. N. "W. 
Harrisburg. Drained by Kinzua cr. of Alleghany r., which 
makes ils N. boundary, and supplies an immense water- 
power — which operates a large number of saw and other 
mills. Surface very diversified; soil of aver.ige fertility. 
Pop. 431. 

KioMATiA, p. o,, Eed Paver co., Tex. : 2GS m. N. E. by N. 
Austin, 

KiEHY, p. 0., Greene county, Penn.: ITS m. "W. S. W, 
Harrisburg. 

KiuKEESViLLE, p. V., Licking co., Ohio: on the S. side 
of a branch nf Licking r., 21 ra. E, Columbus. It contains 
several stores, and ahont 250 inhabitants. 

KiRKLANn, t, and p. v., Penobscot co., ilf. : 6S m. N. E. 
Augusta, Drained by streams, affluents of Pushaw Lake, 
the latter emptying through the river of the same name into 
the Penobscot, which it reaches opposite the village of Old 
Town. Surface level ; soil generally fertile. There is a 
email v. in the centre. Pop. oft. 717. 

KiBKLAND, L and p. o., Oneida co., N. Y. : 92 ra.W.by N. 
Albany. Drained by Oriskany cr. Surface diversified by 
hills and fertile valleys; soil rich calcareous loam. The 
Chenangn Canal pas.'^es through the t. about 10 m. S. "W. of 
Utica. There are several flourishing villages in the town 
which have considerable manufactures, and the town gen- 
erally is engaged ina variety of handicrafts. Pop. oft. 3,-121. 

KiKKLAND, p. o., Cabarras co., N. Car. : 112 m. W. by S. 
Kaleigh. 

Knac's Ciioss Poaps, p. o., Clinton county, Ind. : 30 m. 
N. N. W. Indianapolis. 

KiuK's Ferry, p. o., Tensas parish, L(T.: 102 m. N. 
Baton liouge. 

Kirk's Mills, p. o., Lancaster co., Penn. : 47 m. E. S. E. 
Harrisburg. 

KiRKSviLLE, p. v., Madison county, Xy. ; 49 m. S. E. 
Fr.inkfort. 

KinKSviLt.R. p. v., and cap. Adair county, 3fo.: 112 m. 
N. by W. JeffL-rsnn City. 

KiKKvii.LE, p. o., Butler county, Ala.: 33 m. S. S. "W, 
Montgomery. 

KuiKviLLE, p. y.y "Wapello county, la.: 63 m, S. "W. 
Iowa City. 

Kir.KviLLE, p. v., Onondaga county, N. Y.: on the Erie 
Canal and Syracuse and Utica R. P.., 119 m. "W. by N. 
Albany, by route of canal 15S m. and by railroad 137 ro. 
fnuu Albany. It contains several stores and about 300 
inhabitaots. 

855 



KIR 



KNO 



KiKKwooD, p. v., Broome co., JK Y. : 118 m. TV. S. W. 

Albiiny. The v. lu-s on Ihe Kew York and Erie K. E., 216 
ni. from New Yurk City. 

KiRsEv's Ceoss lioADs, p. o., EdgofielU dist., S. Car. : 67 
m. W. Columbia. 

KiitTLAND, t. and p. v., Lake connty, Ohio: 18S m. 
N. K. by N. Columbus, nbout S m. from Lake »ie. Here 
tlie Mormons erected IheJr first temple, which, since their 
leaving:, has been used as a normal scliool. A tributary of 
Chagrine r. traverses the town. Soil rich and productive. 

pop."i,5ys. 

KisuAco-QiTiLLAsi p. 0., Mifflin CO., Penru: 46 m. N. 'W. 
llarrisburg. 

KisKAToM, p. o., Greene co., JV. Y. : 43 m. S. "W. Albany. 

KisKiMiNiTAS, t. and p. v., Armstronjc co., Pcun. : 142 m. 
"W. by N. llarrisburg:. Drained chiefly by affluents of the 
Kiskiminitas, or Conemaugh r., which forms its S. W. 
border, and Crooked cr. makes its N. border. Salt is man- 
ufaeturod here. The Pennsylvania Canal has its course 
through the town. Mills of various descriptions are found 
on its streams. Pop. 2,503. 

KiswAUKEE, p. v., "Winnebago eo., lU. : 163 m. N. N. E. 
Springfield. A thriving town on Itock r. at the junction of 
Kiswaukee river. 

Kncniso's Mills, p. o., Orangeburgli dist., S. Car. : 48 
m. S. Columbia. 

KiTTANLNG, t., p. b., and cap. Armstrong co., Pt^nn. : 152 
m. W. by N. Harrisburg. Drained by several creeks of 
Alleghany r. and its tributaries, Crooked, Cowanshann<tck, 
and other creeks — the Alleghany making its W. and Crook- 
ed cr. its S. boundary. Surface hilly ; soil a fertile, gravelly 
loam. The b. is situate on the Alleghany in the N. "W. 
corner of the t, and contains a court-house, jail, etc., a 
number of stores, tanneries, and workshops, and about SOO 
inhabitants. Two newspapers are published here, tbe 
''Armstrong Democrat" (dem.), and the "Free Press" 
(whig), both weekly issues. The Alleghany Valley K. K. 
will pass through Kittaning. Pop. 1,561. 

KiiTERY, t. and p. v., York co., Me. : 104 m. S. S. "W. 
Augusta. On the N. E. side of Piscataqua r, opposite 
Purtsnioutb, and having its E. front on the Atlantic. It is 
the 6. \V. extremity of the Slate. Its coasts are deeply in- 
dented, and Spruce cr., or inlet, affords convenient harliors 
for the coasters and fishing vessels frequenting them. Ship- 
buihUng is carried on at Kittery to some extent, and ou 
Badger's Island, with which connection is made by a bridge. 
is loailed a U. S. navy yard. A bridge also connects it 
with Portsmouth. This t. was settled at an eariy date, and 
ft)r[nerly enjoyed considerable trade with the West Indies. 
The Portsmouth, Saco, and Portland E. R. crosses the river 
here. Pop. of t. 2,706. 

Kleckkersvillr, p. 0., Northampton co,, Pf.nn.: 94 m. 
N. E. by E. llarrisburg. 

Klinesville, p. o., Henderson county, X. Jer. : 35 m. 
N. by "W. Trenton. 

Klinesville, p. o., Berks co., Penn.: 55 m. E. by N. 
llarrisburg. 

KsAP OF Keeds, p. 0., Granville co., K. C<ir, : 85 m. N. 
Raleigh. 

Knapp's, sta., St. Lawrence co., K. Y,: on the Northern 
(Ogdensburg) 11. E., 2S m. E. Ogdensburg and S5 m. "W. 
Eouse's Point. 

Knaps, p. o.. Carter co., Ky. : 113 m. E. by N. Frankfort 

K^■lGnT's, sta., Lenawee co., Mich. : on the Erie and 
Kalamazoo K. E., 20 m. from Toledo and 12 from Adrian. 

Knichtstown, p. v., Henry co., Iiul. : on a high bluff 
\V. side of Blue r., 33 m. E. Indianapolis. The National 
Eoad and Central Indiana K. E. pass through it, and are 
here t;ipped by the Knightstown .ind Shelbyville E. E., and 
this point will also be the terminus of the Fort Wayne and 
Southern E. E. This is a flourishing v., with extensive 
water-power, and is sibiate in the midst of a fine agrieul- 
luTiil region. It contains about SOO iidiabitants; but is des- 
356 



lined to become a place of great commercial importance 
and the centre of a large local trade. 

KNKinTsviLLE, p. v., Provideucc co., P. I.: 5m. S. "W. 
Providence. It is a small manufacturing village. Ttto 
Hartford, Providence, and Fishkill E. E. will pass a little to 
the E. of it. 

Knob. p. o., Tazewell county, Virg.: 233 m. "W. S. "W. 
Richmond. 

Knob Creek, p. o., Barren co., Ay, ; 103 m. S. S. "W. 
Frankfort 

Knob Fokk, p. o., Wetzel co., Yirg. : 219 m. W. N. W. 
Richmond. 

Knob Lick, p. o., Daviess co., A'y. ; 133 m. "W. by S. 
Frankfort. 

Knobnosteb, p. v., Johnson co., Mo. : 75 m. W. by N. 
Jefferson City. 

Knottsville, p. o., Daviess co., Ki/. : 132 m. ^V. by S. 
Frankfort 

Knowtirsville, p. o., Albany county, A^ Y. : 14 m. W. 
Albany. 

Knowlesville, p. v., Orleans co., A^. Y.: on the Erie 
Canal, 246 m. W. by N. Albany. It contains several ware- 
houses, stores, and about 80 dwellings, 

Knowlton, t and p. o., Warren co., JV. J^r.: 49 m. 
N. N. W. Trenton. Drained by Paulin's Kill. Beaver Brook, 
and Sha-wpocussing creeks. Surface hilly and Vi4ricd ; soil 
on the hills slaty, and in the valleys calcareous loam. Blue 
Mountain lies on its N. boundary, where is the Water Gap 
of the Delaware, and through which the connection will 
be nia<ie between the Belvidere Delaware E. E. and 
Cobb's Gap R. E. The v. lies on the S. side of Paulio's 
Kill, at its confluence with the Delaware, opposite the vil- 
lage of C^'lh^mbia. and on the line of the Belvidere Dela- 
ware E. R. The Miirris and Essex R. R. will also form a 
junction at this point Pop. of 1 1,356. 

Knox county. ///. Situate N. W. centrally, and contains 
720 sq. m. Drained principaUy by Spoon r. and its W. 
branch, affluents of the Illinois. Surface level or undulating; 
soil a very rich prairie over most of the county. It has ex- 
cellent timber on several of its streams. It is well calculated 
for grain crops and has the best of pasture. Corn and 
wheat are the leading staples, and mi^ieh beef and pork is 
sent to market. Farms 619 ; manuf. 100 ; dwell. 2.193, and 
pop.— wh. 13.221. fr. col. 5S— toUil 13,279. CopiUtl: Knox- 
ville. Public Works : Oquawka and I'eoria E. E., etc 

Knox county, Ind. Situate S. W., and contains 496 
sq. m. It lies between Wabash r. on the W.. its branch, 
White r., on the S., and W. fork of White r. on the E. 
Surface undulating, with some river hills. It has rich prai- 
ries, and the limbered lands, which occupy a large share of 
the county, are mostly productive. Here arc some sandy 
barrens and swamps, and the bottoms are subject to inun- 
dation. Corn and wheat are most raised. Tobacco is 
grown. It is a yery fine grazing county, and cattle, wool, 
and especially pork, are much exported. Farms 961 ; 
manuf. 87 ; dwell. 1,969, .nnd pop.— wh. 10,546, fr. col. 588 
— tot:il 11,0S4. Capital: Vincennes. Ptthlio Works: 
Evansvillo and Illinois E. E. ; Cincinnati and St, Louis 
E. E., etc. 

Knox county, Ky. Situate in S. E. corner, and contains 
605 sq. m. Drained by Eichland and Stinking creeks, and 
oilier affluents of Cumberland r., which crt>sses the county. 
Surface uneven— in parts mountainous; soil in the valleya 
fertile and generally good grazing land. It has many mill 
streams. iJtmx is the chief product, and great numbera of 
hogs are kept Farms C57; manuf. 6; dwell. l,i'60, and 
p„p._wh. 6,239, fr. col. 199, si. 612— total 7,050. Capital: 
Barboursville. 

K.nox county. Mo. Situate N. E., and contains 518 pq. ni. 
Drained by North, Middle, and South Fabius rivers and 
thrir branches, and S. W. by N. fork of Salt r. Surface 
gently unevt-n ; soil excellent Tiie .streams are skirted with 
valuable tind>iT, urn! the bottoms very iimductive. Corn 



KNO 



KOS 



an<I eaiilL- arc IIil' iiriiuij);U e.Nporls. XuiuiTovis niill-st.'ais 
are ruiind on llif rivt-n-. Faruis SOS ; iiiimut'. 7 ; dwi-ll. 4J7, 
an«l it.ip.— wii. :;,(>-iG, fr. col. 2, si. SOU— total 2,S94. Capital: 
Kdiiix 

Knox county, O^iio. Situate centrally, an<i contains 5'23 
sq. ui. Draint'd by Verri.ni. Walhomiing, imd N. braticli of 
Licking rivtrs, affluents olMuskinguEn r., which, with ihetr 
branches, afford abumlant Miitcr-power. Surface slighlly 
broken iii E. part, in the W. level or undulating; soil a 
vegelalile loam in llie W., and generally very productive. 
It is an excellent farming -county, and immense quantities 
of wheat and corn are sent to the East. The dairy is of much 
iTnportaTice,-aud large flocks of sheep are everywhere kept. 
Pork is also a very large exporL It has superior facilities 
fitT manufactures, which are large and rapidly increasing, 
and great conveniences for reaching distant markets. 
Farms 2,263; nianuf. 117; dwell. 4,s63, and pop. — wh. 
2S.S11, fr, col. C2— total 2S,S7:5. Capital: Mount Vernon. 
Piihlic Works: Springfield, Mount Vernon, and PitUburg 
K. R. : Mansfifld and Sandusky City H. It.; Columbus and 
Lake Erie R. R., etc. 

Kni>\ county, Teivi. Situate N. E., and contains 445 sq. 
m. Drjiined by Ilolston, Noliduicky, French Broad, and 
Clinch rivers, all branches of Tennessee r., and affording 
■fine water privileges. Surface broken and mountainous ; soil 
fertile, especially in the numerous beautiful valleys. Ci^m 
and wheat are very large crops, and the stjiples. The graz- 
ing is excellent, and many cattle, horses, sheep, and swine 
are reared. The manufactures of the co. arc important and 
growing, consisting of flour, leather, iron, oils, liquors, 
paper, earthenware, etc. Farms 1,403; inanuf. 67; dwell. 
5,Sfl4. and pop.— wh. 16,337, fr. col. 22.% si. 2,in5— total 
1S.755. Capital :Kj\oyi\\\\Q. PuUic TTorA-^.- Georgia and 
E. Tennessee R. R. ; E. Tennessee and Virginia U. R. ; 
Knoxville and Cincinnati R. R. ; Blue Eidge R. R., etc. 

Knox, t and p. v., Albany co., -V. T. : 22 m. "W. All>aTiy, 
Pntined by Bozrakill and a tributary of Foxes cr. Surface 
rough and hilly— the t. being partly covere<l by the Ilelder- 
berg series of limestone; Foil of average RTtility. The v. 
(KnoxviMe) contains about 200 inhabitants. The t. has 
numerous mills and tanneries, and 2,021 inhabitants. 

Knox, p. v., and cap. Stark co., Ind.: on the S. side of 
Yellow r.. lOS m. N. by W. Indianapolis. 

Kxox, p. v., Knox co.. Ohio: 3S m. N. E. Columbus. 

Knox. t. and p. v.. "Waldo connty, Mt\ : 31 m. E. N. E. 
Augusta. Drained by branches of Scbaslicook r. ; surface 
somewhat hilly: soil rich, and fine grass land. The v. lies 
toward «ie N. "W. Pop. of t. I,l(i2. 

Knox Centre, p. v., Waldo co., Me. : 81 m. E. N. E. 
Augusta. 

Knox Cor.NEits, p. o., Oneida co., y. Y. : 03 m.W. N.W. 
Albany. 

Knoxviu.k, p. v., Greene co., Ala.: 9S m. N. W. by "W. 
MonlgoiniTv. 

Knoxvii.t.t-.. p. v., and cap. Crawford co., Ga.: on an 
aniuent of Flint r., 58 m. S. W. by W. Milledgeville. It 
contains a court-house, jail, etc., and about 40 dwellings 

Kn'.'Xvii.t.k, p. o., Franklin county, Miss.: 7S m. S. W. 
Jackson. 

KNOXvii.T.K.p. v., and cap. Knox co., III. : near Haw cr., 
63 m. X. X. W. Springfield. Beautifully located nn high 
rolling prairie, contains about 350 inhabitants. The court- 
house is here. The " K. Journal'' is published weekly. 

KNOXV11.T.K. p. v., and cap. Marion co., la. : on an ele- 
vation between White Bre.ist r. and English cr., SI ni. 
W. S. "W. Iowa City. 

Knoxvtli-e, v.. Freilerick co., Mit.: on the lines of Ches- 
apeake and Ohio Canal and of the Baltimore and Ohio 
R. n.. 79 m. W. Baltimore. 

KNoxvn.i,T:, p. v., Ray co., Mo.: 117 m. X. "W. by W. 
Jeffi-rson City. 

Knoxvii.i.e. p. v., Jeffers'^n co., Ohi*^ : 4 m. from Ohio r. 
and 126 m. E.bv X. Columbus; contains several stores. The 



t. of Knox conlains several vilj.iges. is bounded on the E. 
by the Ohio r., and has 1,002 inhabitanis. 

Knusville, p. 0., Tioga co., Penn.: 115 m. N. by W, 
Ilarrisburg. 

Knoxville, p. city, and cap. Knox co., Tenn.: on the 
X. bank of HoLston r., at the head of navigation, and about 
4 m. below the confluence of French Bmad river, 157 m. 
E. XashvUle. LaL 35^ 50' N., and long. S30 54' W. The 
city is most eligibly situ.ate for an extensive inland trade, 
being at the navigable head of & great river, and on the linu 
of intercommunication E. and W. nearly through the mid- 
dle zone of the Union, and at a point whence will diverge 
N. and S. lines of railroad, extending on the one hand to 
Cincinnati, and on the other to the chief ports of the south- 
em Atlantic States and Gulf of Mexico. Here, indeed, a 
junction is fonned by three great railroads — the East Ten- 
nessee and Georgia R. R., connecting S. with lines to 
Charleston and Savannah, and S. AV. with those to Memphis 
and the Gulf cities; tlie Knoxville and Ohio E. K. termi- 
nating at Covington on the Ohio; and the East Tennessee 
and Virginia R. R., which, connecting with the Virginia and 
Tennessee R. It. on the State line, and the latter uniting at 
Lynchburg with the railroads to Pet*Tsl)urg and Norfolk, 
Richmond and Alexandria, reaches directly lo the great 
seaboard marts, which will take the vast productions of the 
interior, and return in exchange the mamifuctnres and pro- 
ducts of the outer world. The city itself is regularly laid 
out, and handsomely built. It contains a fine court-house, 
a jail, and olher county buildings. It is also the seat of 
East Tennessee College, founded 17f>2. This is a very 
efficient and flourishing institution. In 1S50 it had a presi- 
dent, 5 professors, 122 alumni, and 57 students ; and its libra- 
ry contained 4,5(X) volumes. A preparatory department ia 
attached to the college, which has usually from 70 to SO 
scholars. The public press of Kno?aille consists of 5 peri- 
odicals, viz.: 1 semi-weekly and 4 weekly papers; the 
serai-weekly is the " K. Register" (whig), of which also 
a weekly edition is issued; and the weeklies are the 
"K. Whig" (whig), the " Plebeian," (dem.), the "Method- 
ist Episcopalian" (rolig.), and the " Ilolston Christian Ad- 
vocate" (rclig.) The city has already a good trade with 
the neighborhood, and contains wholesale and retail stores, 
churches of several denominations, two academics, and sev- 
eral primary schools. The present population is 2,076. 

KuKO.Mo, p. v.. and cap. Iloward co,, Iiid. : on Wild Cat 
cr., 53 m. N. Indianapolis. The site of an Indian v. by the 
same name. The Indianapolis and Peru R. R. and the 
Xew Castle and Logansport R. R. intersect each other at 
this poinL It Is the centre of a fine farming region, and 
must become the dcp6t of a considerable internal traflSc. 
Pop. aliout 600. 

KoosKOoSKiK river, Oreg. Ter. : a tributary of Lewis, or 
Snake r. It rises in the Rocky Mountains, and fluning W. 
falls into Lewis r. in about 46^ laf. and llio long. The 
Presbyterians have missions on this stream. 

KooTANiK (Kutunalia, or Flat Bow) river. Orc(i. Ter.. 
a large affluent of Columbia r. It has its sources in the 
llocky Mountains in about 51° X. lat. In its first part it 
flows along the base of the mountains to 48°, and then 
bends W., and p.issing through Flat Bow Lake enters the 
Columbia above the P>ritish line. At its extreme S. hcnd is 
Fort Koolanie, a settlement of the Hudson Bay Company. 

Kop.o, p. o., Winnebago county, TImc-.; 79 m. X. N. E. 
Madison. 

KonrnuinT, t. and p. v., Delaware county, K Y.: 5S m. 
W. byS. .Vlbany. Drained by tributaries of the Delawarer. 
Surface liilly and mountainous; soil fertile loam. The v. ig 
situate centrally. South Kortright and Bloomville are other 
villages. Pop. of L 2.1S1. 

Koscri'SKO county, huh Situate X. centrally, and con- 
tains 570 sq. m. Drained by Tippecanoe and Eel rivers and 
their branches, flowing S. W. into the Wabash, and Tur- 
key cr., flowing N. tlirough 8t Joseph's r. into Lake Michi- 

35T 



KOS 



LAC 



gan. Surface undulating. Soil fertile, and timber abund- 
ant. In the N, are some wet prairies, and several lakes 
or ponds abounding in flsh. It has many ponds that feed 
fine mill-slreams, and afford rauth water-power. Com and 
wheat are leading staples. Great numbers of hogs are fat- 
tened. Farnas 1,127 ; manuf. 21 ; dwell. 1,7S;?, and pop*— wh. 
10.242; fr. col. 1— total 10,21:5. Capital: Warsaw, ruhlic 
Worl-a: Goshen, Warsaw, and Peru K. R. 

Kosciusco, p. v., and cap. Attala eo., JIi'm.: on the W. 
side of Yockonockony r., CI m. N. N. E. Jackson. There 
are .3 papers issued here weekly — the " Chronicle" (whig), 
•■•Attida Democrat" (deni.). "Sentinel and Pilot" (dem.) 
The V. contains a court-house, etc., several stores, and 40O 
inhabitants. 

KosKONOXG. t and p. o., Jefferson co., TT/V. ; 32 m. 
E. S. E. Miidison. Within this town lies Lake Koskonong. 
tJirough which Eock r. flows. Several tributaries also pour 
into the lake and r. within its limits. Pop. 1,612. 

Kossuth county, /(/. Situate N. centrally, and contains 
576 sq. m. Drained by Boone r. and other heads of Des 
Moines r. Erected since 1S50. 

Kossuxn, p. c, Jackson co., Term.: "3 m. E. N. E. 
Nashville. 

Kossuth, p. o., Des Moines co., Ta. : 56 m. S. E. Iowa City. 

KosstTTu, p. o., Itacine county, Wt^c. ; 59 m. E. by S. 
Madison. 

KossL-TH, p. o., Boone county, III. : 1S5 m. N. by E. 
Springfield. 

Kossuth, p. c, Auglaize county, Ohio: 7S m. N. W. 
Columbus. Pop. 76. 

Kossuth, p. o., Washington county, Ind.: S3 m. S. 
Indianapolis. 

Kus^rxn, p. o., Cherokee county, Ga.: 117 m. N. W. 
Millcdgeville. 

KossuTu, p. 0., Washington co., J/l". ; 112 m. W. by N. 
Augusta. 

Kossuth, p. c. Clarion co., Pejin.: 14.8 m. W. N. W. 
Harrisburg. 

KowAi.ioA, p. o., Tallapoosa county, Ala. .' 43 m. N. E. 
Montgomery. 

Kowe's river, Ore^. Ter. : a small r. emptying into the 
Pacific OcL-an above Cape Arago. 

KRAT7-EESV1LLE, p. o., UnioH CO., Peivn. : 48 m. N. by W. 
Ilarrisburg. 

KHJiiDEKsriLLE, p. V., Northampton co., Penn. : on Hock- 
endocque cr. of Lehigh r., 79 m. N. E. by E. Harrisburg. 

KuESGEviLLB, p. o., Mouroe county, Penn.: 79 m. N. E. 
Harrisburg. 

Ki:oirs MiLi^, p. o., Carroll co., M<1. : 63 m. N. N. W. 
Annapolis. 

Kui.psviLLE, p. o., Montgomery couutj', Penn.: S3 m. E. 
Uarrisburg. 

KuNKLETowN, p. 0., Monfoe county, Pen^i. : SS m. N. E. 
Harrisburg. 

KrrzTowN, p. b., Berks co., Penn.: on a branch of 
Maiden cr., 52 m. E. by N. Harrisburg. It contains several 
stores, mechanic shops, etc, and has t>42 inhabitants. 

Kyodr. p. v., Gallia county, Ohio: S3 miics S. E. by S. 
Columbus. 

Kyserike, p. o., Ulster county, JS^. Y. : 68 m. S. by W. 
Albany. 

Kysebvili-E, p. 0., Liringston county, A'". T.: 214 m. W. 
Albany. 

Kyte Rivee, p. o., Ogle county, III.: 148 miles N. by E. 
Springfield. 



Labanl-s, p. o., Robertson county, Te7in. : N. by W. 
Na-^liville. 

Lacey, p. v., De K.ilb co,. III. : about 2 m. S. of Sycamore 
r., 160 m. N. by E. Springfield. 
358 



Lacit Spring, p. v., Eockingham coimty, Tirff. : 98 m, 
N. W. Richmond. 

Lacet's Speino, p. o., Morgan co., Ala. : about 2 m. JT. 
from Tennessee r., 143 m. N. by W. MontgomiTj-. 

Laceyville, p. v., Wyoming co., Penn. : 89 m. N. N. E. 
Harrisburg. 

LACEY-vaLLE, p. T., Harrlson co., Ohio: 104 m. E. by N. 
Columbus. 

Lackawack, p. v., Ulster co., J^. K .■ on a branch of 
Rondout cr., 68 m. S. S. W. Albany. 

I^4Ckawa>'xa, t and p. o., Luzerne co., Penn.: 96 m- 
N. E. by N. Harrisburg. Drained by Lackawanna r. Iron 
ore is dug. The N. branch division of the Pennsylvania 
canal crosses the t. 73 m. from Northumberland. Pop- 511. 

Lackawanna river, Penn. : a tributarj- of Susquehanna r. 
It rises in Wayne and Susquehanna counties, and pursues a 
course S. and S. W. 80 m. to its confluence. It affords ex- 
tensive and Taluable water-power. 

Lackawannoo mountains, Penn. : these mountains ran 
between the sources of Lackawaxen and Lackawannoc 
rivers. One of their W. peaks is called Moosack Mount- 
ain, and is traversed by the railroad from Carbondal© to 
Honesdale. 

Lackawaxen river, P&nm. : a tributary of Delaw^e r. 
It rises chiefly in Wa)'ne co., and flows through a deep val- 
ley, receiving Dyberrj-, Middle, and WauUeupaupack creeks, 
and enters the Delaware in Pike co., where is a dam across 
the Delaware to snpply the Delaware and Hudson Canal 
water, and to enable the boats to cross the river. This canal 
fl>Ilows the course of the Lackawaxen 25 m. to the mouth of 
Dyberry creek at Honesdale, whence is a railroad to tho 
Lackawanna coal mines, 16 miles distant. 

Lackawasest, p. V. and sta.. Pike co., Penn.: on the 
Delaware r., 124 m. N. E. by E. Harrisburg. Drained by 
Lackawaxen r. and other streams flowing into the Delaware. 
Surface rugged and heavily timbered ; soil productive. The 
V. is at the jUMCtion of the Lackawaxen and Delaware, the 
latter being dammed, and aflbrding great water-power for 
the lumber mills and iron works, which constitute iLs cliief 
business. The Delaware and Hu<lson Canal crosses the 
Delaware here in an aqueduct supported by an iron wire 
suspension bridge, and proceeds up the valley of the Lack- 
awaxen, which the Erie R. K. here crosses on two bridges. 
The sta. is 121 m. from New York. Pop. of t. 2,060. 

Lackemute, p. 0., Polk CO., 0/rg. Ter. : on the bninch of 
the WUlamette so called, 18 m. S. W. Salem. 

La C1.AIR, p. v., De Kalb county, JIL: 136 m. N. by E. 
Springfield. 

La Clede county, J/b. Sitnate S. centrally, and contains 
703 sq. m. Drained E. and S. E. by Gasconade r. and its 
branch. Osage Fork ; N. and N. W. by Dry Auglaize cr. 
and Niangua r., branches of Osage r.; all flowing N. into 
tho Mi.^ouri. Surface quite elevated and rolling, with some 
hills. Soil very pro<luetive. A verj' fine farming and gra- 
zing CO., with good timber, rich Iwttoms, and a sufficiency 
of water-power. Corn and wheat are the staple cereals. 
Cattle and hogs are ex"ported in large numbers, l-'arms 
2;vJ; manuf. 2; dwell. 385; and pop. — wh. 2,;i57, fr. col. 1, 
si. 140— total 2,49S. Capital: Wiota. 

Lacon, p. v., and cap. Marshall co., PI. : on the left bank 
of the Illinois r., 79 m. N. by E. Si>ringficld. It has a favor- 
able position for trade ai.J manufactures, and contains the 
county buildings, a high school, several .stores, and 51^0 in- 
habitants. The** Lacon Herald" (dem.), and "Illinois Ga- 
zette" (whig), arc publisihed weekly. 

Lacona, p. 0., Ji'ffersnn co.. Ay. : 49 m. W. Frankfort. 

Laconia, p. v., Harrison co., Ind.: about 2 ra. from the 
Ohio r., 117 m. S. Indianapolis. 

Lacoma, p. o., Desha co., Ark.: 87 m. S. E. Little Rock. 

Lac qui Parle, p. o., Dakotah co., 3finn. Ter.: ]37 m. 
W. SL Paul. This is a trading post on the Minnesota or St, 
Peter's r., which here expands to a consi(lerat)lc body of 
water, called by the French, Ijiq qui Parle (lake that 



LAC 



LAF 



talks), from the remarkable echoes produced by ita nigged 
shores. 

La Ckosse county, Wtsc. Situate "W. centrally, and con- 
tains about 3,450 sq. in. Drained by Mountain, Black, and 
La Crosse rivers, and their many branches, affluents of the 
Mississippi, which is its S. W. boundar)\ This co. covers a 
large territory, as yei little settled. It lias tine large streams, 
lined with vast forests of valual^le piue timber, which is in 
great demand, and furnishes the chief trade of the county. 
The surface is much varied, and the rivers affurd oxcellent 
water-power. The soil is very fertile, and there is little 
prairie. That purtiua of La Crosse county lying N. of the 
K. line of township No. 9, has lately beeti erected iuto a. 
separate county, under the name of Jackson. Ctijjital: 
La Crosse (Prairie La Crosse). 

La Crosse, p. v.. La Crosse co., Wise: on the left bank 
of the Mississippi, at the mouth of La Crosse river, lOS miles 
N. W. by W. Madison. It has a good landing, and contains 
several stores, and 300 inhabitants. 

Lacy, p. o., Drew co., ArA\ : 77 miles S. S. E. Little Enck. 

Lacv's Hill, p. o , Pickens co., A/a. : 112 m. W. N. W. 
Montgomery. 

Ladd's, sta., Erie co., Ohio : on the Sandusky, Mansfield, 
and Newark E. E., S m. from Sandusky. 

Laudsbukgu, p. o,, Bradford co., Pt^nn. : 106 m. N. by E. 
Uarrisburg. 

LADiESBiTKGn. p. V.. FredcHck co., Md. : on the S. Bide of 
Sam's cr., 5S m. N. W. AnnapoHs. 

Lakiga, p. 0., Benton ca, Ala.: on a branch of C^osa r., 
112 m. N. N. E. Montgomery. 

Ladoga, p. v., Montgomerj* co., /«<?. .* on N. side of Big 
Eaccoon cr., 34 m. W. by N. Indianapoli.s. 

Ladsos's. station, Charleston dist.. & Car.: on the South 
Carolina E. E., 17 m. from Charie--aon. 

La Fakgetille, p. v., Jefferson co., 2^. Y. : on Chamount 
r., near its head, 158 m. N. W. Albany. 

La Fayette county, Ai'k. Situate S. W. comer, and 
contains 1,664 sq. m. Drained W. by Eed r., and Sulphur 
fork of Red r., and E. by bayous Bodeau and Dorchcat, 
aflluents of Eed r. Surface gently uneven, with some bills, 
on the rivers, and a few swamps. Soil on the streams of 
e.Yceeding fertility ; back of these it is sandy and less pro- 
ductive. Cotton is raised in immense quantities on the river 
plantations, and constitutes the almost sole object of cidtiva- 
tion and export. Com produces well, autl there is some 
good pasture. Farms 177 ; manuf. 2; dwell. ^9, and pop. 
— wh. 1,900, fr. col. 0, sL 3,320— total 5,220. Ccqntal: 
Lewisville. 

La Fayette parish, La. Situate S. "W., and contains 
376 sq. m. Drained by Yormillion r.. which flows through 
it S. into Veraiillion Bay and the Gulf of Mexico. Surface 
low and level, with frequent swamps. Soil of great fertility, 
where not too wet for cullivation. Cotton and sugar are 
the staple products, of which great amounts are e.xporte*!. 
Corn grows luxuriantly, and yields finely. Some rice is 
raised in the swamps. Farms 441; manuf. 0; dwell. ()30, 
and pop.— wh. 3.390, fr. col. 160, si. 3,170— total 6,72ii. dip- 
itnl: Veruiillionsville. 

La Favettf. county, Mi.f.t. Situate N., and contains 735 sq. 
m. Drained by Tallahatchie and Yoeanapatafa rivers, and 
OlackatufTa cr, atlldent.'* of Yazoo r. Surface level or gently 
rolling. Soil generally very productive, and affords fine 
pasturage. Cotton is the great staple. Corn yields finely, 
and is extensively exported, and cattle and hogs are raised 
in large numbers. It h:w good facilities for mamifacturing, 
which is a growing interest in the co. Farms 1,044 ; manuf. 
49; dwell. 1,3S2, and pop.— wh. S,346, fr. col. 4,81.5,719— 
total 14,069. Capital: Oxford. Public Work*: Missis- 
sippi Central E. E. 

La Fayette county. Mo. Situate N. W., and contains 
653 sq. m. Drained by Pan's fork and Salt fork of Black r. 
flowing E., and Big Svtibar and Big Tcrre Bean creeks 
flowing N. into the Missouri, its N. boundary. Surface va- 



ried ; hills and broken groumi in the S., and gentle swells 
in the N. Soil of great tbriiliiy, adapted to grain and grass. 
Com and wheat are the cereal staples. Great numbers of 
sheep and swine are fed on its fine pastures and abundant 
mast, and pork is an important export. It has tine water- 
power, the use of which is extensive and rajiidly incre;ising. 
Farms S95; manuf. 67; dwell. 1,459, and,^ pop.— wh. *t.005, 
fr. col. 70, si, 4,01.') — total 13,690. CapiUU: Lexington. 
Public Works: Pacific E. E. 

La Fayette county, Wine. Situate S. "W., and contains 
631 sq. m. I 'raino4l by Otter cr., Fecatonica and Wassenion 
rivers, atHuents of Eock river, and Fevre river, an allluent 
of the Mississippi. Surface broken and hilly, with a little 
prairie. Soil of good quality, and adapted to grazing or 
grain, but the great interest of the co. is mining. It lies on 
the S. line of the State, and in the rich mining district around 
Galena and Dubuque, tlie former of which is the outlet of 
its wealth. This consists chiefly of almost inexhauslible de- 
posits of rich galena or lead ore, the working of which is 
the principal pursuit, and less extensive but valuable cop- 
per and iron ores, with some silver. It has several mineral 
springs, good water privileges, and some timlx-r. Farms 
399 ; manuf. 21 ; dwell. 2,ii7ti, and pop.— wh. 11.527, fr. coL 
14— total 11,.>41. O'jjital: Shullsburg. PuMio Works: 
Milwaukie and Mississippi E. E. 

La Fa^xtte, p. v., and cap. "Walker county, Gu. : 172 ra. 
N. W. Milledgeville. It contains a courl-liouso, jail, two 
academies, a dozen stores, and 5S3 inhabitants. 

La Fay-ette, p. v.. Stark co.. 111. : on middle branch of 
Sp'Kin r., 96 m. N. by W. Siiringfield. 

La Fayette, p. v., and cap. Tippocani^e co., Lid. : on the 
E. bank of "Waljash r., at the head of steamboat navigation, 
5S miles N. "W. Indianapolis. Lat. 40^ 25' N., and long. 
S6^ 49' TV. ; it is the centre of railroad, can.Hl, and plank- 
road fraflie of great amount, and has several important 
ma ml fae lures. It contains about 40 dry gn>>ils slores, Hi 
clothing stores. 26 groceries, etc. Abuut a dozen warehouses, 
and a variety of minor sales stores ; also foundries, packing- 
houses, paper-mills, printing establishments, etc. It has 
also a large flouring business ; three newspapers are pub- 
bslied here, the " L. Courier'' (dem.), daily and weekly, the 
"L. Journar (whig), daily and weekly, and the"\Yabash 
Atlas," weekly. The means of education are ample, and 
there are churches of all the leading denominations. A 
branch of the State bank is I>jeated at La Fayette, aud two 
oilier banks have been csLiblished under the new law of the 
State. The Wabash and Erie Canal passes through the v., 
and intersecting it the New Albany aud Salem Extension 
E. E. ; aud here also the La Fayette and Indianapolis E. E. 
forms a connection with the tbregoing. Plank-roads extend 
hence to Oxford, Frankfort, Crawfordsville, etc. The situa- 
tion of L.1 Fayette is a very fine one ; the ^ound rising grad- 
ually from Uie river, and the neighboring hills presenting 
much delightful scenery. It is also surrounded by an exten- 
sive body of land, which can not be excelled in t'ertilily. and it 
abounds with streams, which afford much valuable waler- 
pnwiT. Poj). about 6,129, 

La Fayetti:. p. v., Linn co., Ta. : on a branch of Cedar r., 
32 m. N. by W. Iowa City. 

La Fayette, p. o., Christian Co., Ay. .■ 1S_' m. S.W. by W. 
Frankfort. 

La Fayette, p. o., Grafton county, A'". /lamp.: 66 m. 
N, by W. Concord. 

La Fayette, p. v.. Sussex co., X. J'-r. : on Paulinskill r., 
58 m. N. Trenton. It contains a ("iirnaee, mill, several stores, 
aud 10i> inhabitants. 

La Fayette, t and p. o., Onondaga co., X. T. : 126 m. 
W. by N. Albany. Drained E. by Butternut cr., and W. by 
Onondaga cr., which furnish power for several flouring, 
saw, and grist mills. Surface hilly; soil a clayey loam, and 
Aery productive. In the N. W. is a large Iiulian Eeserva* 
lion, through which the proposed railroad from Binghamp- 
ton to Syracuse is to pass. Pop. 2,532, 

359 



LAP 



LAH 



La I'ayette, p. v.. Matiison co., Ohio: on Deer cr.,22 m. 
W. Columbua. Pop. 147. 

La KAYKriE, t. and p. o., M'Konn co., Penn. : 142 m. 
N. W. Harrisburg. Drained by briinchea of Allegliany r. 
Surface broken, and soil adapted to arass. Pop. 92S. 

La Fayktti;. p. v.. and ca|i. Macon co., 7Vhh. ; on Long 
creek, a head of Greene r., 47 m. K. N. K. Nashville. It 
contains a court-hou»e, jail, a balf dozen stores, and 200 in- 
habitants. 

La Faybttr, p. o., Montgomery county, Virg* : 149 m. 
W. by S. lliflunond. 

La FAYETiE. t. and p. o., "Walworth co., Wm\: 55 m. 
£. S. K. Madison. The t has a varied surface, fertile soil, 
and fine mill streams Howirifi: into l-'nx r. A plank-road 
passes thnmgh to Kaeine. Pop. of t. 1,008. 

La Fayettr, p. v., and cap. Yam Hill co., Orfff. Ter. : 
at the falls just below Uie junction of the N. and S. forks 
of Yam Hill r., '24 m. N. N. W. Salem. The Yam Hill r. is 
navigable for balleaux to within 'A m. of this place, and 
empties into the Willatnette r., about 22 ni. above tiie mouth 
of Tualatin river. 

La Favetfe City, p. o., and cap. .Jefferson par., La. : on 
thelefl bank of the Mississippi. 71 ni. S.E. byK. Baton Rouge. 
It is a continuation of New Orleans, and was consolidated 
umier tlie same muniripal government in 1S52. The New 
Orleans and Carrolton It. li. passi's through it, and several 
ferries cross the river. In 1850 four papers were published, 
the "State Itepnbliran" (whig), an<i "Statesman" (dein.), 
semi-weekly; the " Spectal^jr" (whig), weekly ; and "Ger- 
man Courier" (dem.). daily. Pop. 14.190. 

La Fayhtte Hill, p. o,, Fluvanna county, Yirg.: 49 m. 
"W. N. W. liiehraond. 

La Fayette Springs, p. o.. La Fayette co., Miss, : 135 m. 
N. N. E. Jackson. 

La Fayetteville, p. c, Duchess county, I^. Y.: Aim. 
3. by E. Albany. 

La Fontaine, p. o., Uarlan co., Ky, : 129 m. S. B. E. 
Frankfort. 

La Fontaine, p. o., Wabash co., Jn(?. : 76 m. N. by E. 
Indianapolis. 

La FouRciinlNTERiOE parish, L(t. Situate S. E., and con- 
tains 1,337 sq. m. Praincd by Bayou La Fourche, which 
flows S. E. through the length of tlio co., and Bayou Blue, 
Us S. W. boundary, both connecting the Mississippi with the 
Gulf. Along the E. border are Allemande, "Washa, and 
Little lakes, and Barrataria Bay, connected by rivers, and 
emptynig into the Gulf, and smaller ones in the interior. 
Surface low and level, much of it loo wet for tillage. Soil 
of great productiveness, yielding heavy crops of cotton and 
sugar, which are the great staples, and universally culti- 
vated. Com thrives very well, and some rice is grown. 
Farms 235 ; manuf. 4; dwell. 93S, and pop.— wh. 5,143, fr. 
col. 22, si. 4,36S— total 9,533. CnpiUd : Thibodcauxville. 

La FoTTRCJiE river, La.: anoutletof the Mississippi, which 
leaves the river above Donaldsonvillc, and after a S. E. 
course of 90 m. falls into the Gulf of Mexico. 

Lagada, p. o.. Wilson co., Tenn. : 22 m. E. Nashville. 

La Grange county, /?((/. Situate N. E.,and contains 386 
sq. m. Drained by Fawn, Pigeon, and Little Elkhart rivers, 
branches of St. Joseph's of Lake Michigan ; with these are 
connected many ponds, which feed fine mill streams, aud 
afford excellent water-i)Owcr. Surface mostly level ; about 
two-thirds of the county are barrens or oak-openings; the 
Testis mostly well timbered, and a little prairie. Soil in the 
openings, a sandy loam; in the forest-lands clay prepon- 
derates—everywhere good, and adapted to grain or grass. 
The openintrs produce wheat in profusion — the prairie corn, 
and the woodi.-d parts grass and oats. The produce of all 
the grains is large, and great numbers of cattle, horses, and 
swiuc are raised for market. Farms 1.0G2; manuf. 04; 
dwell. 1.479, and pop.—wh. 8,369, fr. col. IS— total S,8S7. 
Capital: La Grange. 

La Grange, p. v., Franklin co., Ala.: 171 m. N. N. W. 



Montgomery. It occupies a commanding eminence. La 
Grunge College, founded in U3ft. is lueal*-d h^re. In 1850 
it had 5 instructors, 14U alumni, 90 students, and a library 
of 4.000 volumes. 

La Orange, p. v.. and cap. Troup co,, Ga. : on a small 
branch of Chatlaliooi-hicr., 109 hlW. Milledgoville. The v. 
contains a eourl-house, jail, 2 aeadeniieii, several stores, and 
600 inhabitants. It is on the La Grange II. H.. 15 m. 
from W(fst Point. The '* Citizens' Reporter" is published 
weekly. 

La Grange, p. v., and cap. La Grange co., Ind. : 131 m. 
N.by E. Indianapolis. It contains a court-honsc, academy, 
several large stores, and 500 inliabitanls, A plank-road 
leads lienee 12 m. to the N. Indiana K. li. 

La Gfeakge, p. o., Monroe co., la.: near Cedar cr., 87 
W. S. W. Iowa City. 

La Grange, p. v., Oldham county, Ky.: 30 m. N. W, 
Frankfort. The v. is on the Louisville ami Franklort U. U., 
33 m. from Louisville, and is the site of a Masonic College, 
under the supervision of the Grand Lo<lge of the Slat«. 

La Grange, t. and p. o., Penobscot co.. Me. : 7S m. N.E. 
Augusta. Drained by Birch and Pushaw rivers, branches 
of the Penobscot, Soil good, and well timbered. Lumber- 
ing is the chief business. Pop. 4^52. 

La Grange, t. and p. v., Cuss county, Mich.: 92 m. 
S.W. by W. Lansing. Drained by affluents of St. Joseph's 
river, affording good mill-scats. Surface level, well tim- 
bered in parts, with prairie in the centre. Soil, superior 
wheat land. Pop. (»f t. 1,327. 

La GitANGE, p. v., Lewis co., J/o. ; on the Mississippi, at 
the month of Wyaconda r., 104 ra. N. N. E. Jeffersou City, 
A landing-place, with a few store.^. 

La Grange, p. o., Wyoming county, y. Y. : 224 m. W. 
Albany. 

La Grange, sta., Erie co., N. Y. : on Bnffalo and State 
Line R. R., 29 m. from Buffalo. 

La Grange,»p. o.. Randolph co., K. Car. : on E. side of 
Ultarie r., 82 m. W. by N. Raleigh. 

La Grange, t. and p. o., Lorain co., Oliio : 97 m. N. N. E. 
Columbus. Drained by E. and W. branches of Black r., 
which afford water-power. Surface varietl, and soil adapted 
to grain. The Cleveland, Colundtus, and Cincinnati R, E. 
passes through it, 29 m. from Cleveland. Pop. 1.402. 

La Gkange, p. o.,Wyomingco., /VrtK. ,• 97 m. N.E. by N. 
Harrlsburg. 

La Grange, p. v., Fayette eo., Tenn.: on the N. side of 
Wolf cr.. l^l m. W. 8. W. Nashville. The Memphis and 
Charleston R. R. passes through this place, which contains 
an academy, several stores, and 500 inhabitants. 

La Grange, p. v., and cap. Fayette county, Tex. : 53 ra. 
E. S. E. Austin City. It is pleasantly situated on the left 
bank of the Colorado, about 100 m. above its nunilh, uud 
contains a court-house, jail, academy, and 700 inhabiianLs. 
In the vicinity are qu.-irries of a fine-grained sandstone, aud 
dense forests of pine and cedar. affi>rding the best of build- 
ing materials in immense quantities. 

La Grange, t. and p. o., Walworth co.. Wise: 44 m, 
E. S. E. Madison. The t. has an elevated surface, several 
ponds, and a good soil, producing grain, etc. Poj). 96G. 

La Okan(;e Blufp, p. v.. Brown co., III.: on the right 
bank of the Illinois, 47 m. W. by N. Springfield. 

La Grew Springs, p. c, Arkansas co., --t;'^*. ; 59 m. S. E. 
Little Rock. 

Laoro, p. v., Wabash county, /»'?.; on the N. side of 
Wabash r., 7S m. N. N. E. Indianapolis. The Salamonie r. 
here joius the Wabash ; the Erie and Wabash Canal passt-a 
through the v., and plank-roads lead to Marion and Man- 
chester. It has a large trade, and growing manufactures, 
and 7M0 inhabitants. The " Indiana Eagle" (dem.) is pub- 
lished weekly. 

La Haiii'e, p. v., Hancock co., Til: 87 m. W. N. W. 
Spriiigfiel.l. 

Lauaska, p. 0., Bucks co., Penn. : 93 m. E. Ilarrisburg. 



LAI 



LAK 



Laing'b, p. 0., Monroe county, Ohio: 103 m. E. by S. 
Columbus. 

Laingsbvkhu, p. o., Sbiawasseo co., Midi. : 31 m. N, E. 
Lansing. 

Lairdsville, p. v., Oneida co., jV". Y. : 90 m. W. N. W. 
Albany. 

Laibdstillb, p. o., Lycoming county, Venn.: 74 m. N. 
Uarrisburg. 

Lake county, TIL Situate N. E. corner, and contains 4GS 
sq. ni. Fo.\ r. passes S. on or near tbe W. border, and 
through Pistakee lake in tlic N. W. comer, and Des riaines 
(or O'Plain) r. passes S. through the E., parallel to the 
eli'ireof Lake Micliigan, its E. boundary. Il has numenius 
enudk-r lakes or ponds, and in the E. se\x'ral swamps. Sur- 
face Jevel or gently undulating; soil very fertile, and much 
of it prairie, adapted to grain or grass, raising heavy crops 
of Mheat, corn, buckwheat, oats, and potatoes, and feeding 
great herds of cattle and swine. The dairies are large, and 
very pruJilablu; pork is a large export, and wool beginning 
to be. lis lake trade is important, markets convenieni, 
waler-power plenty, and is being hn)ught into use. Farms 
l,h\)ti ; nianur. 43 ; dwell. 2,455, and pop. — wh. 14,1S7, fr. col. 
Sy~total 14,220. Capital: Wankcgan. 

Laice county, /;»/. Situato N. "W'. corner, and contains 
409 sq. m. Kankakee r. bounds it S., and Lake Michigan 
^.y and their affluents Caluuiic, Cedar, and Eagle rivers, 
etc., drain it. Surface diversified— generally somewhat 
broken; soil various, on the lake shore sand-hills, covered 
with dwarf pine and cedar; farlherS. is a rich alluvial tract, 
and S. of that a sandy loam, and on Kankakee r. large 
marshes. The central parts are excellent grazing; the S, 
grows an abundance of grain. A large part is prairie and 
marl is plentiful. Farms 423; manuf. 5; dwell. 715, and 
pop.— wh. 3,990, fr. col. 1— total 3,991. Oipital : Crown 
Piiint. riiJ'lic WurJ:^: Northern Indiana K. K. ; Central 
Michigan li. li. 

Lake county, ,1/rV//. Sitnate W. middle, on Lower Pen- 
insula, and contains 576 sq. m. Drained by Nolipecagon or 
Marquette, and Mt'moosie rivers, and a branch of Manistee 
r., allluents of Lake Midiigan. Its boltoins are well tim- 
bered with oak and pine, and the soil is said to be very pro- 
ductive. It is thinly settled, and has been organized since 
1-50. 

Lake county, 0/do. Situate N. E. on Lake Erie, and 
contains 2-'l -sq. m. Drained by Chagrine an<i Grand rivers 
nnd their branches. Surface rolling, and soil exceeding I'er- 
tile. Corn and wheat are the loading crops. The other grains 
Uirive well, and Ihc grazing is of the best. Great numbers 
of cattle and hogs are raised for the Eastern markets, and 
tJie growth of wool is very heavy. It baa good commercial 
facililica, and very important mimufaclures oflundx-r, flour, 
leather, iron, liquors, etc. Farms 1,140; mimuf. 'J5'i ; dwell. 
2,7(1(1, anil pop.— wh. 14.010, fr. col. 3^— total 14 O-M. ( 'aj/- 
iUd : PaiTiesville. Public ^Vork-s : Cleveland, Painesville, and 
Ashtabula li. P.. 

Lakh, p. o,, "Washington county, 2^. Y. : 35 m. N. by E. 
Albany. 

Lake, t. and p. o., Luzerne county, Penn. : 84 m. 
N. E. by N., Ilarri^liurg. Surface rough. liowman's Mount- 
ains are in the X., and IIarvey'.s Lake in the E., which fur- 
nishes a good mill-slream. Grazing is chielly attended to. 
IN.p. 7:iO. 

Lake, t. ami p. o.. Stark county, Oltio: 1()5 m. N. E. 
Columbus, pop. 1.7 ;2. 

Lake, sta.. Lake co., /ii'K : on the Michigan Central P.Pv., 
20 m. \V. of Michigan City. 

LAKECAniiAWAV, p. o., Carrol! par., /.a.; 151 m. N. by W. 
Baton Pouge. 

Lake CiiA.MrLATN (fiee Ciiamplain lake). 

Lake Chaulics, p. o., Calcasieu par.. La.: 129 m. W. 
Baton Rouge. 

Lake Comfoet, p. c, Ilyde co., A^. Car. : 18S m. E. by S. 
Ealuigh. 



Lake Creek, p. o,, Lamar co., Tex.: on an affluent of 
Sulphur cr. so calhnl, 251 m. N. E. by N. Austin Ciiy. 

Lake Dhuilmoki*, p. c, Norfolk co., Vity. : 8s m. S. E. 
i>lichmoDd. 

Lake Erie (sa? Erie lake). 

Lake Griffin, p. o., Marion co., Flor. : at the head of 
Oclawaha r., IS^ m. S. E. by E. Tallahassee. 

Lake Huron (see Huron lake). 

Lakelano, p. o.and sta.,Suirolkco., A". }'. ;129 m.S. S. E. 
Albany. The station is 49 m. from Brooklyn on the Long 
Island R. R. 

Lake Landing, p. o., Hyde co., A' Cur. : 152 m. E. byS. 
Raleigh. 

Lake Maria, p. v., Marquetta co., Wific: near the lake 
of that name, 40 m. N. by E. Madison. 

Lake Miouiuan («''« Micuioan lake). 

Lake Mills, t. and p. o., Jefferson co., Wise. : 23 m. E. 
Madison. The t. has a fine soil for the grains, good water- 
power, ami rapi<ily increasing manulactures. I'op. SS4. 

Lake of tue Deskrt, Jfic/i. and HV.sc. ; an inconsidi-rable 
lakelet, about hall-way between the mouths of (he Montreal 
and Menoraonee rivers, through the former of which it 
empties into Lake Superior. The boundary line between 
the Upper Peninsula and the State of Wisconsin passes 
through its waters. 

Lake Ontario (-sfe Ontario lake). 

Lake Pleasant, t. aiul p. v., Hamilton co., A^. Y. : 05 m. 
N. W. by N. Albany. Drained by Sacandaga, Ceilar, and 
Jessup's rivers, branches of the Hudson. It extends somo 
50 m. N. and S., and is mostly a wilderness dotted with 
beautiful lakes, the largest of which are Rouutl Lake. Lako 
Emmons, and Lake Pleasant, on the W. shore of Mhicii 
latter is the small villago of that name. H atfords unsur- 
passed facilities for hunting and fishing, and is much resorted 
to for those purposes. Pnp. 305. 

LAKRroRT, p. v., Madison co., A'. Y.: 112 m. W. by N. 
Albany. 

Lake Provtoence, p. v.. Carroll par.. La.: on the riirbt 
bank of the Mississippi. 150 m. N. Baton Rouge. It i.-u- 
lains a court-house, jail, liospilid, several stores and ware- 
houses, and OuO inhaldtnnts. Cotton is sliippeil in largo 
quantities, and a considerable trade with the interior is 
carried on. Two newspapers are published lure, '• Le !;»■- 
publieain" (whig) and the "Carroll Watchman," both weekly 
issues. The lake consists of an ancient bed of the Missis- 
sippi r., which has taken a ditfereiit course, and in the north 
aiwl south part the entrance from tbe river is entirely closed. 
Its (lutlet to the S. forms Tensas r. This v. is selected as one 
of the points from which tho Louisiana and Texas R. R. 
ought to commence. 

Lake Ridge, p. o., Tompkins co., X. Y. : 149 m. W. by S. 
Albany. 

Lakh St. Claik, Mich. : between Canada and Michigan. 
It is by far the smallest of the chain of lakes eoimecting 
Lake Superior with the Gulf of St. Lawrence. Lai. 42^52' 
N.. and long S2° 25' "W. It is 24 m. long, and in rircumfer- 
ence 90 m.. and 20 feet deep. Its banks are alluvial, ele- 
vated 20 feet above the water, and have an undulating 
surface. lis prineii)al tributary streams are tin- Clinton r. 
from the W., and the rivers Clienal, Ecarte. and Thames 
from Ciinada. It is a beautiful lake, with clear and trans- 
parent waters. 

Lakesville. p. v., Dnrchcster co., M>7. : S. of Little Chop- 
tank r., 41 m. S. E. Annapolis. 

Lake SrPKmou («.>• Sii-euior lake). 

Lakf, Swamp, p. o.. Horry disl., .S'. Car.: about 4 m. S. 
of Lumber r., Iii7 in. E. by N. Columbia. 

Lakkton, p. v., Wabash co., Jml.: about 1 m. W. nf 
Eel r-. 83 m. N. by K- Imlianapolis. 

Lake View. p. v., Dane co., Il'iV. ; G ni. S. by E. Madison. 
The Milwaukie and Mississippi R. R. will pass tbrnugli it. 

Lake Vii.i.vok. p. v. and sta,, Belknaji co.. A', //amp.: 
on an arm of Winneptseogcc Lake, 25 m. N. by E. Concord. 

361 



LAK 



LAN 



It is on Ihe Boston, Concord, and Montreal E. R., 29 m. 
from Concord. 
Lakfville. p. v., Litchfield CO., Conn. 
Lakkville, p. v., Oakland county, Mick.: 71 m. E. 
Lansing. 

Lakeville, sla., Ashland county, 07tio: on the Ohio and 
Pennsylvania R. R., 16 m. W. of Wooster. At or near this 
point, the Springfield, Mount Vernon, and Pittsburg R. E. 
will intersect the line and form its best and most direct 
connection with Cincinnati. 

L.vKEviLLR, p. v., Livingston co., 2^. K; at the N. end 
of Concsus Lake, 209 m. W. by N. Albany. The Buffalo, 
Coruirjg. and New York R. R. passes near it. 

Lakeville, p. o., St Joseph county, Ijid.: 113 m. N. 
Indianapolis. 

Lake WAfOAMAW, sta., Columbus co., i^ Car, : 82 m. 

W. of Wilmington, on the Wilmington and Manchester E.R. 

Lakk Zuaicii, p. v., Lake county, lil. : ISS m. N. N. E. 

Springfield. It is a thriving v. on the borders of a pond so 

called. 

Lamar county Tex. Situate N. E. on Red r, and con- 
tains I,1S9 sq. m. Drained N. by Sander's and Upper ajid 
Lower Pine creeks of Red r., and S. by N. fork of Sulphur 
r. and its affluents, Brlgham's, Crockett's, Honey, Hickory, 
Sandy, Mulberry creeks, etc. Surface diversified, with hills 
in the S., and a wide belt of river bottom in the N. ; soil of 
great fertility, that on Red r. yields almost incredible crops 
of com and cotton, and is never failing. The other portions 
afford excellent grazing, and good returns of potatoes and 
grain. Most of the county is heavily timbered with oak, 
M-alnut, ash, elm, and cedar. Cotton is the staple. Farms 
409: niarmf. 7; dwell. 49T, and pop._wh. 2,81*3, fr. col. 0, 
8l. l,OSr>— total. 3,97S. Capital: Paris. 

Lamah, p. o., Marshall county, il^m\ ; 179 m. N. by E. 
Jackson. 

Lamae, p. o., Randolph county, Ala.: 11 ra. N. N, E. 
Montgomery. 

Lamak, p. v., Refugio co., Tex. : on the N. side of the en- 
trance into Aransas Bay, 154 m. S. by E. Austin City. It 
has a favorable position for commerce, having a fine harbor 
in its vicinity and a limited trade on the coast. Pop. 500. 
Lamau. p. v., Lake co., III. : 197 m. N. N. E. Springfield. 
Lamar, t. and p. o., Clinton eo., Pejin. : 67 m. N. N. W. 
Harrisburg. Drained by Big Fishing and Cciiar creeks. 
Surface rugged, with vallt*ys of rich loam. It is well sup- 
plied with water-power, and has large flouring and saw 
mills and extensive iron-works. 

Lamartine, p. 0., CIari(rti co., Penn. : 107 m. W. N. W. 
Harrisburg. 

Lamaktine, p. 0., Washita co., Ark.: 86 m. S. S. W. 
Little Rock. 

Lamartine, p. 
Nashville. 

Lamartine, p. 
Columbus. 

Lamaktine, p. o,, BL-nton county, Ala.: 9S m. N.N. E. 
Montgcimery. 

Lamautinb, t. and p. o.. Fond du Lac co., Wise, : 66 m. 
N. E. Madison. It has an even surface, with some water- 
power and some low land. Pop. 5lS. 

Lamasco, v., Vanderburg co,, Ind.: on the N. 8i<le of 
Ohio r., at the confluences of Little cr., ana immediately W. 
of Kvansville. It is a new village founded by Law, M'Call, 
and ^eott, and is named IVom the first letters of the several 
names — La-ma-sco — of tiiose gentlemen. Its prosperity 
will be dcvi-Ioped wiih that of Evansville. 

Lamherisville. t. and p. v., Hunterdon connly, N'. Jer.: 
on the \i. bank of Delaware r., 14 m, N. W. by N. Trenton. 
It has a favorable situation for trade and manufaclurcs, 
which are pms^-cuted exUnsively. The Belvidere Dela- 
ware R. R. passes the v. 17 m. (rom Trenton. A literary 
weekly, the •' Delaware Valley Diarist," is published. Pop. 
of t. 1,417. 



o., Giles county, Tenn.: 69 m. S. by W. 
o., Carroll co., Ohio: 103 m. E. N. E. 



Lawbehttille, p. 0,, Monroe co., Mich.: 78 m, S. E, 
Lansing. 

LAMBiTRon, p. v., Iroquois co., lU. : on the right bank of 
Kankakee r., 132 m. N. E. Springfield. 

La Mine, p. o., Cooper co., Mo. : on the river so called, 
about 4 m. S. of the Missouri, 44 m. N. W. Jefferson City. 

La Mine river. Mo.: a tributary of the Missouri. It 
rises in Lafayette and Johnson counties, and flowing E. en- 
ters the above river 5 or 6 m. above Booneville. It receives 
the Blackwater about 20 m. from its confluence with the 
Missouri, These rivers are navigable for keel boats for a 
considerable distance. 

Lamington, p, o., Russell county, Ala.: 69 miles E. 
Montgomery. 

La Miba, p. o., Belmont co., Ohio : 102 m. E. Columbus. 

Lamoille county. Verm. Situate N. W., and contains 
454 sq. m. Drained by Lamoille r. and its branches, and 
S. by Waterbury r., a branch of Onion r., both affluents of 
Lake Champlain. Surface broken and mountainous. The 
Green Mountains pass through the co. The Mansfield 
Mountains, a branch of the Green Mountain range, lies in 
the S., and are among the highest in the State — one summit 
is 4,279, and another 3,933 feet high. The face of the co. is 
not prepossessing, being much scarred by rough and rocky 
elevations, but it has many fertile valleys and much fine pas- 
ture. Com and wheat yield well, but oats and potatoes 
much better, and grazing is the chief business. The pro- 
duce of the dairy, live stock, beef, and wool, are the leading 
exports. The rugged hills are well grown with timber, and 
the maple furnishes abundance of sugar for consumption 
and export The hills are also the som'ces of many streams, 
which furnish much water-power for its valuable m.anufeo 
tures of leather, woolen goods, and "Yankee notions." 
Farms 1,0S2 ; manuf. 42 ; dwell. 2,022, and pop.— wh. 10,869, 
fr. col. 3— total 10,S72. Capital: Hyde Park. 

Lamoille, p. v., Bureau co., III. : on a tributary of Illi- 
nois r., 123 m. N. Springfield. 

Lamoille river, Verm. : a considerable stream rising in 
Long Pund, on the N. W. border of Caledonia county, 
whence its course is W. by N, to Lake Champlain, into 
which it falls, 12 ra. N. Burlington. It has numerous trib- 
utaries, and its falls produce an immense and valuable 
water-power. 

La Motte, p. v., Jackson co., la. : 61 m. N. E. Iowa City. 

Lami'eter, t. and p. o., Lancaster county, Penn.: 37 m. 
E. S. E. Harrisburg. Drained by Mill and Pecquea creeks 
and Concstoga r^ which furnish good water privileges. 
Surface uneven, and soil fertile and highly cultivated. 
Leather and woolen goods are made. Pop. 3,556. 

Lami'Sville, p. v., Belmont county, Ohio: 103 miles E. 
Columbus. 

Lamson's, p. o. and sta., Onondaga co., 2^. Y. : about 1 ra. 
W. of Oswego r., 141 m. W. by N. An)any. The sta. ia 
IS m. S. of Oswego, on the Oswego and Syracuse R. R. 

Lanark, p. o., Bradley county, Ark.: 69 m. S. by E. 
Little Rock. 

Lancaster county, Pen,n. Situate S. E., and contains 
933 sq. m. Drained by Conestoga, Pecquea, Conowango, 
and other creeks, affluents of the Susquehanna, which forms 
its S. W. boundary. Surface much diversified; i)arts very 
hilly, and parts with only an agreeal)Ie variety <tf liill and 
valley; affording much of the most delightful scenery to be 
found in the Union, particularly on the banks of the Susque- 
hanna. Soil of excellent qualify, equally adapted to gniss 
and grain, and under a superior cultivation. Corn, wheat, 
r>'c, and oats, produce great crops — the cereal staples. Tho 
dairies are large, widely known, and very profitable; beef 
and pork are important exports, and wool is sheared to a 
large amount. The streams afford unlimited water-power, 
which is all employed in manufacnires of iron, flour, hun- 
ber, wtMjlen and cotton g<Kids. leather, liquors, earthenware, 
etc. Iron, fiour, and lumber, furnaces an<l mills, employ a 
large capital, and form a leading interest with Iho citizens. 



LAN 



LAN 



Farms 5,629; maniif. 1,146; dwell. 17,138, and pop.— wh. 
95,31S, fr. col. 3,ti*26— total OS,OU. Otjntal: Lancaster. 
Public Work^: Philadelphia and Coluniliia K. K. ; Colum- 
bia Branch R. E. ; Ilarrisburg and Lancaster R. R. ; Tide- 
water Canal, etc 

Lancastee district, S. Cav. Situated N. centrally, and 
contains 562 sq. m. Bounded W. by Catawba r., E. by 
LjTich's er., and drained by their affluents. Surface ele- 
vated, and somewhat broken. Soils mostly very fertile. 
Cotton is the staple product, and very large crops are raised. 
Corn is the chief cereal, and wheat of a good quality is con- 
siderably raised. It has several good water privileges, and 
some manufactures. Farms 5Si}; nianuf. 203; dwell. 1.096, 
and pop.— wh. 5,S61, fr. col. 113, si. 5,014~tolal 10,9S3. 
CopiUd: Lancaster. 

Lancaster county, Virg. Situate E., at the mouth of 
Rappahannock r., and contains 90 sq. m. The Rappahan- 
nock forms its S. W. boundary, and several small creeks 
flow through the co. into it— among them. Carter's cr., 
noted for its excellent oysters. Surface varied, with no 
great elevation. Soil of average fertility, producing chiefly 
corn and oats. It has goo<J timber, pine and oak in abund- 
ant^. Farms 299; manuf. 4; dwell. 426, and pop. — wh. 
1.S05, fr. col. 263, si. 2,e40— total 4,703. Capital: Lancas- 
ter Court-house. 

Laxcastee, p. v., Cass county, ///. ; 21 m. W. N. "W. 
Springfield. 

Lancastee, p. v., Jefferson county, Ind. : 72 m. S. S. E- 
Indianapolis. It lies within 2 m. of the Madison and In- 
dianapolis R. R. 

Lancaster, p. v., and cap. Garrard co., Ki/. : about 3 ra. 
E. of Dick's r., 42 m. S. S. E. Frankfort. It contains a ourt- 
house, jail,2 academies, several stores, and 6U0 inhabilanU. 
Lancaster, t. and p. v., Wurcester co., Mass.: 33 ra. 
TT. by N. Boston. Drained by Nashua r. and its "VV. branch 
— large streams, which supply fine water-power. Surface 
much varied — parts are quite hitly, while the rivers are 
bordered with extensive alluvial meadows; soil generally 
of superior quality, equally filled fir grass or grain. For 
funning its facilities are great, and none of them over- 
looked, and fur manufacturing little inferior. The articles 
made are numerous and steadily increasing in amount; 
among them are cotton and woolen goods, boots and shoes, 
leather, hats, combs, mechaniu's tools, cabinet ware, etc. 
The Worcester and Nashua R. R. passes through the town 
along liie river, and the sla. is 19 m. N. of Worcester. The 
village is on a phiin, at the junctinn of the tw(» branches of 
the river, surrounded by hills, and contains an academy, a 
bank, and several stores. Pop. of t. 1,6S8. 

Lancaster, p. v., and cap. Schuyler eo., 3fo. : 133 m. 
N. by "W. Jefferson Ciiy. It contains a court-house, and 
several stores and dwellings. 

Lancaster, t.. p. v., and cap. Coos co., K. ITawp. : on 
th^' Connecticut r., along which the t. extends ulioul 10 m., 
8S m. X. Concord. Draincil liy Israel's r. and its branehes, 
which afford good water-power. Surface level, an*! soil 
very fertile along the Connecticut ; the E. parts are too rug- 
ged for tillage, but furnish excellent psisture. The v. ex- 
tends N. from Israel's r., which has several dams on it, 
about 1 m. from the Connecticut, and contains a court- 
house, jail, 2 banks, an academy, and several stores and 
mills. The " Coos County Democrat" is published here 
weekly. Pop. of t. 1,550. 

Lancastee, t, p. v., and sta., Erie co., N. Y. : 25S m. 
W, by N. Albany. Drained by Ellieolt'a, Cayuga, and 
Seneca creeks, on whicli are several large mills. Surface 
undulating; soil a rich loam, yielding floe crops of grass 
and grain. The Buffalo and Rr)chester R. R. and Buffalo 
and New York Cily K. R. cross the township, and the 
sla. is 10 m. from Buffalo. The v. is on Cayuga er., and 
contains 3 hotels, several mills and stores, and SuO inhabit- 
ants. Pop. of t. 3.794. 
Lancaster, p. v., and cap. Falrfleld co., Ohio : on the 



upper part of Hocking r., 27 m. S. E. Columbus. It is wcU 
laid out on both sides of the r., and contains a court-house 
and jail, several large flouring and other mills, extensive 
machine shops, and many elegant stores. II enjoys a large 
trade with the surrounding country, and is the outlet of its 
produce, which here reaches the Hocking Canal 9 ni. from 
its junction with the Oliio Canal. The "Ohio Kagle" (dem.), 
and "L. Gazette" (whig), both publish daily and weekly 
editions, and the " L. Telegraph'' (dem.), is published week- 
ly. The Wilmington and Zanesville R. li. passes through iL 
Pop. 3,4S3. 

Lancaster, t., p. city, and cap. Lancaster co., Penn.: on 
the right side of, and 1 \ ra. from, Gonestoga er., IS m. from 
its confluence with the Susquehanna, and 34 miles E. S. K. 
Harrisburg. Lat. 41)° 02' 36" N., and long. 76° 20' 33" W 
109 ra. N. N. E. Washington. It is a comf<irtable cily, with 
wide streets crossing each other at right angles, well paved, 
and lighted with gas. The city is divided into four wards. 
Many of the dwellings have an antique appearance, but 
generally are well built of brick and stone ; and tlie inhal)- 
itants are supplied with water by means of an artificial 
basin and conducting pipes. The court-house is a hand- 
some structure. Pop. in 1810, 5,407; in 1320, 6,663; in 1830, 
7,704 ; in 1840, 8,417 ; and in 1S50, 12,365. Previous to 1S12 
it was the capital of the State ; it was originally chartered as 
a borough in 1754, and was incorporated as a city in ISIS. 
Lancaster is venerable on account of its associations with the 
past, and remarkable for its modem progress. It has ever 
been a place of trade, and a maui entrep6[ of the commerce 
between the sea-board and interior. The rapid increase of 
the city in later days is owing chiefly to its railroad con- 
nections, and the consequent development of the vicinity 
on account of the increased facihties of travel and transporta- 
tion. The lines connecting at this point, 70 miles from 
Philadelphia, and 37 from Harrisburg by route, are the 
Philadelphia and Columbia R. R., and the Lancaster and 
Harrisburg R. R. ; forming portions of the great cast and 
west line across the Slate. The improvements of Concjtoga 
cr. are also available lo Lancaster. Numerous manufactures 
are carried on in the town and city ; it has two large cotton 
mills, 1 steam furnace, 1 rolling mill, and three tbrges — the 
latter using water-power — and a large variety of mechanic 
shops. Stores of every description are numerous, and have 
a large wholesale and retail trade; and the large number of 
hotels and taverns are evidence of the prosperous condition 
of the country trade, which requires such accommodation. 
There are four banks in Lancaster; and there are, besides 
the manufactures above-named, numerous distilleries, brew- 
eries, potteries, printing establishments, binderies, etc. It 
is also well sujiplied with churches and schi>oIs — one of 
the latter, a well-endowed institution, and formerly known as 
Franklin College, founded chiefly by Germans in 1787; and 
has several libraries, and other literary institutions. The 
public press of the cily consists of nine weeldy newspapers 
and one monthly; the latter being the "American Law 
Journal." The newspapers are, the *' Union and Tribune," 
the "Folks' Friend," the " Examiner and Herald," the "L. 
Gazette," and the "American Press and Republican" (all 
whig); the " Lancasterian" and "L. Inleliigoncer" (both 
dem.), the "Satnnlay Express" (temperance), and the "Co- 
lumbia Spy." The city is surrounded byavcrj- fertile, highly 
cultivated, and populous country. 

Lancaster, p. v., and cap. Keokuk county, Ta.: be- 
tween Skimk river and its N. fork, S9 m. S. W. Iowa City. 
It contains a court-house, several stores, and about 300 inhab- 
itants. 

Lancaster, t, p. v.. and cap. Grant county, TIW. .• 69 m. 
W. S. W. Madison. Drained by a branch of Grant r.. which 
has considerable fall. Surface uneven, and soil wt-ll adapted 
to wheat. It i;* in the mineral region, and has lead veins in 
the S. part. The v. contains a court-house, high si-houl, 
several stores, and 300 inbabitanls. The " Grant County 
Herald" (whig) is published weekly. Pop. of L LnS2. 

SC3 



LAN 



LAN 



Laxoastee. p. v., Smith co., Te7ifu : on W. side of Caney 
fork of Cumberland r., 51 m. K. by S. Nashville. 

Lancaster C. II., p. v., nnd cap. Lanca-slcr dist, S. Oar. : 
on a sninll branch of Calawaba r., 48 ra. N. by E. Columbia. 
It contains a court-house, jail, 2 academies, several stores, 
aiui ;J7G inhabitants. 

Lancaster a II., p. v., and cap. Lancaster co,, Vzrg.: 
58 m. K. by N. Richmond. It contains a court-house and 
several dwellings. 

Landaff, t and p. o., Graflon county, IT. ITamp. : 57 m. 
N. by W. Concord. Drained by braiirlu-a of Ammonoosuc 
r. Surface much broken. Landaff Mountain is in the E. 
Soil iu the lower parts very fertile. Iron ore is found in the 
north. Pop. 94S. 

LANitr.HsriLLE, p. o., Lawrence co,, Ala. : 157 m. N. N. "W. 
Mont^mery. 

Landgrove, L and p. o., Eenninfijton co.. Verm. : 11 m. 
S. by W. Montpelier. Drained by West r. Surface elevated, 
and generally too rough for cultivation. Pop. 337. 

LANT)isBURGn, p. V., Perry co., Penn, : 23 m. W. by N. 
Ilarrisburg. It contains several stores, and a furnace of 
1,100 ton^ annual capacity. 

Lanomville, p. o., Lancaster co., Penn.: 26 m. E. by S. 
Uarrisburg. 

Land of Promise, p. o.. Princess Anne co., Virg. : 102 m. 
S. E. Kiehmond. 

Landspown, p. 0., Prince William co., Virff. : S4 m. N. 
Richmond. 

Lanpsford, p. o., Chester dist, S.Oar. : 2 m.W. Catawba 
river, 49 m. N. Columbi-a. 

Lan-e county. Ong. Situate S., and contains a large area 
of perhaps 50.000 sq. m. It has Linn co. on the N.. Ump- 
qua CO. on the W., between it and the Pacific, and an 
unorganized region, allacbed to Umpqua co., on the S. The 
Cascade range of mounlflins, whicli nm parallel to the 
ocean through the territory, crosses the W. part of the co., 
separating the waters of its streams. West of this range it 
is drained by Long Tom, Coast. Middle, and M'Kenie's 
forks, head streams of Willamette r.. which flows N. into 
the Columbia, and E. by Fall r. and \ls branches, pursuing 
a N. course, and emptying into the Columbia far to the E. 
of the Willamctle. It has fine streams, skirled with noble 
forests of gigantic growth, and is mostly in possession of the 
red man. Of its soil and products under cultivation, little 
is known, it being scarcely settled, and but just organized. 

Lane. p. o., Elkhart county, Iml. : 127 m. N. by E. 
Indianapolis. 

Lankfielp, p. v., Haywood co,, Tenn.: on 8. bank of 
Forked Deer r., 141 m. W. by S. Nashville. 

Lanf-«iboro', t. and p. v., Berkshire co., MnsR.: 114 m, 
W. by N, Boston. It consists chiefly of a valley of great 
fertility, through which flow several heads of Ilonsatonic 
and Ibxisic rivers. The higher paJts swe excellent grazing 
land, and the lower highly cultivated «nd very prodnolivo 
farms. Wool is a heavy export ; Hmest^^uie is abundant, and 
bL'autiful marble and graphic slate are found. In the S. is a 
pond much resorted to by fishing parties, and through the 
E. passes the Pittsfield and North .Xiianis R. R., East Lanes- 
boro' Station being 6 m. N, of PilLsfiild. The v. contains 
an academy and several stores. The new State Prison has 
recently been located liere. Pop. 1,226. 

LAXF-SBOEOUGn, p. 0., Auson co., K Cur. : on Lane cr. of 
Rocky r., In7 m. S. W. by W. Raleigh. 

Lanes BO ROUGH, p. v., Susquehanna co., Penn^: on the 
E. side of Cannewaeta cr., 132 m. N. E. by N. Uarrisburg. 
It contains 2 hotels, several mills and tanneries, and 500 in- 
habitants. The Erie R. K. passes over the r. on a tressle 
bridge. 4.'''0 feet long, and "0 feet above the creek. 

Lane's Cref.k, p. o., Union co., y. Car.: on a branch 
of Rocky r.. 112 m. S. W. by W. Raleigh. 

Lane's Prairie, p. o., Osage county. Mo.: 8<J m. S. E, 
JcfTtTson City. 

LANESvtLLE, p, T,, Harrison county, /jid. : 10$ m. S. 
364 



Indianapolis, A plank-road passes through from Corydon 
to New Albany. 

Lanesville, sta., Marion co., Ind, : on the Indianapolis 
and Bellefontaine K. R., 9 ra. from Indianapolis. 

Lanesville, p. v., Floyd co., Ky. : on the W. fork of Big 
Sandy r., 162 m. E. S, E, Frankfort. 

Lanesville, p. o., King WiUiam co., Virg. : 26 m, N. N. E, 
Richmond. 

Langdon, p. T., Du Page county, IU.: 164 m. N. N, E. 
Springfield. 

Lajsgdon, t, and p. o,, Sullivan co., IT. Ilamp. : 41 m. 
W. by S. Concord. Drained by Cold r. Surface various; 
soil fertile and well timbered. A farming and grazing town. 
Pop. 575. 

Langdon's. sta., Jackson co., Ind. : on the Jefferson ville 
E. R., 25 m. S. of Columbus. 

Langhaene's Tavern, p. o., Cumberland co., Virff. : 41 
m. W. Richmond. 

Langlet, p. o., Fairfax co,, Virg. : 89 ra. N. Richmond. 

Langsbury, p, o., Camden co., Ga. : near Little St. Ilia 
river, IGC m. S. E. by S. Milledgeville. 

Langbton, p, 0,, Jackson county, Ala. : about 7 m. E, 
Tennessee r,, M5 m. N. by E, Montgomerj'. 

Langsville, p. v., Meigs county, Ohio : 73 m. S. E. 
Columbus. 

Langitille, p. o., Sl Francois co.. Ark. : near the branch 
of St. Francis r. so called, S2 m. E. by N. Little Rock. 

Lanier, p. v., and rap. Macon eo., Ga. : about 3 m, W. 
Flint river, 69 m. S. W. Milledgeville, It contains a court- 
house, jail, and 150 inhabitants. 

Lannahassef, p. o., Stewart co,, Ga.: near Kickafoone 
cr. of Flint r., 107 m. S. W. Milledgeville. 

Lansing, p. v., Outagamie co., Wise. : 122 ra. N. N. E 
Madison. 

Lansing, t., p. city, and cap, Ingham co,, Mich.^ and cap. 
of the Slate of Michigan : on the right or N. bank of Grand 
river, in a direct line, 4S3 m. N. W. by W. Washington. 
Lat 42° 43' N., and long. $4° 29' W. The t. is drained by 
Grand river, wliieh in tlie centre receives Cedar r. from the 
E., and has also several minor streams, alt affording an im- 
mense hydraulic power. Grand r. is here navigable for 
batteuux ; the surface is level, and the soils rich an<I pro- 
ductive, yielding the grains and esculent vegetables abund- 
antly. The city was commenced in 1S47, and on the 25th 
Decenibcr of that year became the permanent seat of the 
State government; previous to that it was a wilderness, 
without an inhabitant. It is now a place of considerable 
pretension, and its future is predestined to be one of pros- 
perity. The streets and squares are well arranged, nnd its 
public buildings projected on a scale of more than (»rdin:u-y 
elegance. The State House, a large and handsome edifice, 
surrounded by an inclosed park, is situate on an eminence 
50 feet above Uie river, and overUtoking a beautiful region 
of woi)dland and intervale. It contains, besides, several 
steam and water mills for fionring and sawing, and has two 
fine hotels, about 250 dwellings, and 10 or 12 wholesale and 
retail stores. Two newspapers, the "Michigan State Jour- 
nal" (dem.), issued weekly, and the " Primitive Expounder" 
(wliig), semi-weekly. Pop. of 1. 1.226. 

Lansing, p. v., and cap. Allemakco co., Ta. : on the right . 
bank of the Mis.«i8sippi, 113 m. N. by E. Iowa City. It has 
a landing on the" river, and contains a few stores and dwell- 
ings. 

LANSiNGnrRo, t, and p. v., Rensselaer co., 3' Y.: 9 m. 
N. by E. Albany. Drained by creeks of Hudson r,, whie.h 
on the W. forms its boundary. Surface near the river 
level, in the E. somewhat hilly; soil gravelly and clay 
loam. The village, at the head of sloop navig.ation. on the 
Hudson, is a fionrishiug place, and with streets Intersecting 
at right angles, and contains many substantial and neat 
buildings. It has 9 ehurehcs, numerous stores, wholesale 
and retail, hotels, groeerii'.**, etc., a bank, and several extens- 
ive and imi«)rtant manufactures, among which are those 



LAN 



LAS 



of fire-arms, brushes, iron and copper ware, nil floor-cloth, 
etc., ami also plaster, flour, ami otlitr mills ; it is noted, also, 
for ila malt. Three newspapers are publisheil in the v., the 
"L. Deuiocrat," and Ihe " L. Gazette,'' both issued weekly, 
and llie " Golden llule," a monthly issue. The v. has also 
SL-veral schools and a good academy. Several sloops, etc., 
are owned here, and are employed on the river. The State 
Dam, between here and Troy, 1.100 feet long and 9 feet 
liigh, forms a spacious basin, and by means of a locli ena- 
bles vt'ssi'ls to come up to tins place; and a bridge across 
the Hudson connects it with Watcrfurd; and the Troy and 
Boston R. It. iiasses through it, connecting it with the rail- 
roads to the North and South. Fop. in 1S40, 3,330, aiid in 
1&50, ."1,7.52, of which about 4,300 are in the village. It ia 
one of the most improving villages of the State, and with its 
present facilities of water and land travel and transporta- 
tion, nuist coiiiitiue to rise in llie scale of importance. 

LA^i!•I^GVlLLE, p. v., Tompkins co., K. 1'.: l-ll> m. "W. 
Albany. 

Laona, p. v., Chantauque county, JV! }' ; on Canadawa 
creek, 2{)'i m. AV. Albany. It is a thriving village, contain- 
ing several mills and 500 inhabilants. 

Laona, p. v., Winnebago co., HI. : 102 m. N. Springfield. 

Lapker county, Mich. Situate S. E., and contains T'^O 
sq. m. Drained by Flint r. and its branches flowing into 
Saginaw r. and bay, and Mill cr.. Belle r., and K. branch 
of Clinton r., flowing into St. Clair r. and lake. Surface 
gently undulaling. The soil is mostly oak-openings; the 
N. is well wnodcd with oak, elm, beech, maple, and pine — 
the lust abundant on Flint r., an<l of excellent quality. Soil 
on the streams very fertile, and superior for tillage. There 
is much first-rate pasture between Ihem. Cattle, pork, and 
grain are the staples. There are many small streams in the 
CO. ; all are tine niill-slreams, and the water-power is of 
great value. Farms 62S ; mannf. 45; dwell. 1.2S6, and 
pop.— wh. 7,007, fr. col. 22— total 7,021). Capital: Lapeer. 

Lapeer, t. and p. o., Cortlandt county, 2^. T.: 122 m. 
"W. by S. Albany. Drained by Tioughnioga creek and 
branches. Surface uneven, and soil clayey loam, admirably 
r.daptcd to grain-growing, which is tho chief business. In- 
corporated in ]S4o. Pop. 822. 

Lapeer, t., p. v., and cap. Lapeer county, Mich. : 66 m. 
E. by N. Lansing. Drained by Fbut r. and its branches, 
which afford much superior water-power. Surface rolling, 
ttnd soil very fertile. Tlw v. is at the junction of Farmer's 
cr. with Flint r., and has abundant water-power in its vicin- 
ity. It contains a court-house and jail, an academy, several 
flouring and other mills, and gro\Ying manufactures. The 
"L. County Democrat" is published weekly. Pop. of L 1.467. 

Lapuamsville, p. v., Kent co., Mic?i. : 47 m. W. by N. 
Lansing. 

Lapi.axp, p. 0., Buncombe county, A'^ Car. : 245 m. W. 
Kaleigh. 

La PoiNTE countT.% TTiV. Situate N. TV., and contains 
about 4,4*111 sq. m. Drained S. W. by St. Croiv r. and its 
numormis tributaries, 8. E. by heads of Chippewa r., all 
affluents of the Mississippi, and N. by St. Louis r., M.ashkeg 
r.. Burnt Wood r, and smaller streams flowing N. into 
Lake Superior, its N. boundary. With its streams are con- 
nected many large ponds, affording excellent flsh, and nmeh 
of the CO. is covered with swamps. The ^hief products are 
fish, game, and furs, and the inhabitants Indians, hunter.'?, 
and (rappers, with a few traders. Farms ,5; manuf. 1; 
dwell. 74, and pop.— wh. 4S3, fr. col. 6— total 4S0. Capital : 
La Pointe. 

La Pointe, p. v.. La Pointe co., Wise: on 9. end of 
Madeline Island, I^G m. N. bj W. Madison. 

Lapomba, p. 0., La Fayette co., Mi^s. : 129 m. N. by E. 
Jackson. 

La Portf, county, Tri'l. Situate N. W., and contains 552 
eq. m. Drained by Kankakee r. and its affluents, Caliniuc 
river and Tniil cr.. Uie last emptying inl^i Lake Michigan, 
where the co. touches the lake in the N. W. Surface undu- 



lating—prairies, groves, and ponds varying the scenery 
with sand-hills near the lake, and marshes on the Kanka- 
kee. Except near the lake and in the S^ the soil is very 
productive, raising large crops of the grains, an<l nuich of it 
is excellent grazing land. Corn, wheat,, cattle, and hoga 
are the farming cxj)orts. Its ponds and streams I'urnisli 
fine water-power, and it enjoys a good share of the lake 
tr.'Kie. Farms I,11C; manuf. 122; dwell. 2,124, and pep.— 
wh. 12,070, ir. col. 75— total 12,145. Capital: La I'orte. Puh- 
lie Wcn-ks : Northern Indiana K. i:.; New Albany and 
Salem E.xtcnsion li. 11.; Michigan Central II. ii. 

La Porte, p. o., Warren county, iV/(»..- 16G m. N. W. 
Uarrisburg. 

La Pobte, p. v., and cap. La Porte co^ Ind. : ]2S m. 
N. by W. Indianapolis. It lies near seTeral ponils on the 
edge of a prairie, and contains a court-hmise and jail, a 
bank, an .academy and several high schools, and has an 
extensive trade in grain and live-stock, with 1,S21 inhab- 
itants. The Indiana Medical College is located here, and 
in 1S50 had 7 instructors, 19 alumni, and 104 students. Tho 
Northern Indiana 11. li. passes tho v. oS m. from Chicago. 
The "L. County Whig" i.s published weekly. 

La Porte, p. o., Lorain county, Ohio: 9S m. N. N. E. 
Columbus. 

Lappon's Cross Boaps, p. o., Washington co,, J/d.: S4 
m. N. W. by W. Annapolis. 

Laputa, p. o., Franklin co., Xy.; S m. W. Frankfort. 

Lakeuo, p. v., and cap. Webb co., Tex. : on the leR bank 
of the Eio Grande, 227 m. S. W. by W. Austin City. This 
was an old Spanish settlement of much importance, but 
through its border posilit)n, has lost its superiority. It is 
surrounded by a fine grazing region, and is rising again as 
a place of trade. It has steamboat communiL-aliun wah tho 
Gulf cities, is a U. S. military post, and contains a court- 
house and 500 inhabitants. 

Larissa, pv o., Cherokee county, Ttu: : 1S3 m. E. N. E. 
Austin City. 

Larkinsburg, p. v., Clay county, IlK : QO m. S. E. 
Sj.ringfleld. 

Larkin"s Fork, p. o., Jackson oo., Ala. : on a branch of 
Tennessee r. so called, 1C6 m. N. Montgomery. 

Larkixsville, p. v.. Jackson county, Ala.: 155 m. N. 
Montg.imery. It contains an aeailerny and ]5u iidiabiiants. 

Larned'8 Coknei:6, p. o., Ontario county, K Y.: 179 m. 
W. by N. Albany. 

Larome, p. 0., Somerset co., J/t". ; 47 m. X. Augusta. 

Laruabke'.s Point, p. v., Addison co., I'mi.: on the E. 
side of Lake Champlain,near thccntruuco of Lake George, 
4S m. S. W. Montpelier. 

Larry's Creek, \). o., Lycoming county, I'l'/in. : 72 m. N. 
Uarrisburg. 

La Hue county, Ay. Situate centrally, and contains 213 
sq. m. Draine<l by Rolling Fork of Salt r,, an aflbientof the 
Ohio, and S. fork of Noliu cr., an afiluent of Green r. 
Surface various; soil fertile, and grazing excellent. Com, 
wheat, and tobacco are staple products. Many hogs, horsesj 
and cattle are raised and exported. Farms 420 ; manuf. 12 ; 
dwell. S-15, and pop.— wh. 5,177, fr. col. 10, si. 672— total 
5,R59. Capital: La Uue. 

La Salle county, ///. Situate N. E., and contains 994 
sq. m. Illinois r. crosses the middle, and its branches drain 
it; N., Fox r. and its aflluents, Indian and Sonionauk 
creeks; S. Vermillion r. Surface undulating; soil very 
proiluctive. Much of the co. is dry prairie, and deficient in 
tind)er. All the grains produce largely, and, with live 
stock, beef, and pork, constitute the farmers' staples. It 
has abundance of fine mill streams, and manufactures 
extensively. Beds of excellent coal yield fuel in abundanee 
for consumption and export. Farms 1,336; manuf. 46; 
dwell. 3,074. an<l pop.—wh. 17.799, fr. col. 16— totid 17.S15. 
Capital: Ottawa. PicIjHc Worhs : Illinois and Michigan 
Canal ; Chicago and UoH; Island E. E. ; Aurora Extension 
K. E. ; lUinois Central K. E., etc. 

865 



LAS 

La Sallk, t. and p. o., Monroe co., MlcL : on Lake Erie, 
T8 m. S. E. Lansing. Drained by Otter or. and Aux Vaaes r., 
email streams, enterinf; the lalce. Surface level, and soil 
somewhat sandy, but finely adapted to wheat and grass. 
Pop. I.IOC. 

La Salle, p. v.. La Salle Co., III. ; on the right bank of 
Illinois r., 86 m. N. by E. SpringHeld. It is at the junction 
of the Ulitioisand Michigan Canal with the Illinois r., 1 ui. 
above Peru. The r. is navigal)le for the largest steamboaLs, 
and immense quantities of grain aresliipp*:*d from this point 
by r. and canal. Huge warehouses line the river bank, and 
the ilwellinga occupy the high bluffs a little back. It is 
chiefly a commercial place, and fast increasing in importance 
and population. Pop. about .3,000. 

La Salle, p. v., Calhoun co., Teor.; on the S. W. shore 
of Matagorda Bay, 147 ni. S. S. E. Austin City. It is a 
landing place for steamers, and has a small coasting trade. 
La Salle, p. o., Niagara county, iV. i: ; 29S m. W. by N. 
Albany. 

Las Casas, p. v., Eutherford co., Tmn,: 27 m. E. S. E. 
Nashville. 

Lassellsville, p. v., Fulton co., y. T. : on a branch of 
the .yoliawk,52 ni. N. W. by W. Albany. 

Lassitee's Mills, p. o., Randolph co., .iV; Car. : 71 m. W. 
Ealeigh. 

Las Vegas, p. v., San Miguel co., y. JTkp. ; on Galfinas r., 
a branch of the Pecos, 4.5 m. (direct) E. by S. Santa Fi. It 
is on the great route from Fort Leavenworth to Santa F6, 
.Hnd in a sandy valley, made productive by artificial irriga- 
tion from the Gallinos, which is a small and sluggish stream. 
It is well laid out, and mostly built of arlobes, or sun-dried 
bricks. A considerable trade centres here, and it contains 
several mercantile houses, and about 1,000 inhabitants. 

Laturop. p. 0., Susquehanna CO., Pemi. ; 116 m. N. N. E. 
Ilarrisbiirg. 

Latoman Springs, v., Kenton county, Ky. : 4 m. S. 
Covington. It is a fashionable watering-place, and is 
much resorted to in the summer season. 

Latkoke. sta., Westmoreland Co., Pterin. : on W. division 
of Penn.'*ylvauia R. K., 42 m. from Pittsburg. 
Latias, p. o., Eoss CO., Ohio : 44 m. S. by "W. Columbus. 
Lal'bacii, p. o., Northampton CO., Pejin. : 83 m. E. N. E. 
llarrisburg. 

Laudkudale county, Aln. Situate N. TT., and contains 
6.'»:3 sq. m. It lies between Tennessee r. on the S. and \V., 
and the State of Tennessee on the N., and is drained by 
Elk r.. Blue Water and Cypress creeks, and other aflluenls 
of the Tennessee. Surface undulating or slightly broken; 
soil very fertile. Cotton is the staple, of which great crops 
are raised. Corn grows about as well, and wheat yields 
largely. The pastures .are very good, and great numbers 
of swine are fattened. It hasa large supjily of water-power 
and iinport^mt and growing manufactures. The Muscle 
Shoals in the S. E. obstruct the navigation of the Tenue.s- 
see, but a long canal has been built around them, and 
markets are easily accessible. Farms l.ISO; manuf. 32; 
<lwell. 1.S6S; and pop.— wh. 10.097. fr. ool. 60, si, 6,01,')— 
total 17,112. Ciipital: Florence. Pultic Hbrts; Muscle 
Shoals Canal, .3.51 m. long. 

Lauoehdalf. county, Miss. Situate E. middle, and con- 
tains 703 sq. m. Drained by clumkey. Oelibbeha, and 
liackaloiiy creeks, heads of Chickasawha r.. and E. by 
small affluents of Tombigbee r. Surface varied ; soil of 
average fertility, producing cotton, com, and oaLs, and 
fiirnisliing mjLsl and grazing for many swine and cattle. It 
has a good growth of pine forest, and a few good mill 
streams. Farms 922 ; manuf. 31 ; dwell, l.flos ; and pop.— 
wh. .5.029, tr. col. 27, b1. 2,661- total 8,717. Capihd : 
M.irion. 

Lauderkalk county, Tenn. Situate W. middle, and 

contains 474 sq. m. Drained by Forked Deer r. N., and 

Big Ilatchie r. S., affluents of the Mis.<issippi, its W. 

boundary. Surface plcisantly diversifled, with some low 

366 



LAtJ 



land ; soils various, and mostly of great fertility. Com, 
cotU)n, and Uibacco are the agricullunil staples. Swine ard 
fatted in great numbers. It has considerable water power, 
which is fast coming into use. Farms 287; manuf. 4; 
dwell. 663, and pop.— wh. 8,897, fr. col. 6, el, 1,766— total 
6,169. Cupital: Kipley. 

Laudeuoale Factoev, p. v.. Lauderdale county, Ala.: 
ISl m. N. N. W. Montgomery. There is an extensive cotton 
factory, and a growing v. of 400 inhabitants. 

Lauuekdale Spbisgs, p. o., Lauderdale co., Mim. : 77 m. 
E. Jackson. 

Lal-giieet creek, 7>i/J. ; an affluent of Ohio r., which it 
Joins 3 m. below Aurora. It is a large and valuable mill 
stream, and is navigable for fiat boats nearly 40 m. from its 
mouth. It rises in the S. E. corner of Decatnr Co., and runs 
through Eipley, Ohio, and Dearborn counties. Captain 
Laughery's company was massacred by the Indians on 
this cr, and hence its name. 

Laugiilintown, p. v., 'Westmoreland CO., Penn.: 118 m. 
W. Harrisburg. A charcoal furnace, of 1,400 tons annual 
capacity, is moved by a small stream near iL 
Laura, p. o., Miami co., Ohio : 69 m. W. Columbus. 
Lauramie, p. 0., Tippecanoe county, ImI.: 65 m. N. W. 
Indianapolis. 

Laurel county, Ky. Situate S. E.,and contains 355 sq.m. 
Drained by Kockcastlc and Laurel creeks, branches of 
Cumberland r. Surface uneven ; soil good, better adapted 
to grazing than grain. Corn is the chief cereal. Attention 
is mostly directed to the rearing of cattle, horses, and 
swine, and large numbers are sent to market. Farms 284; 
manuf. ; dwell. 671, and pop._wh. 8,946, fr. col. 7, 
si. 192— total 4,145. Capital: London. PuUio Works: 
Kno.\ville and Ohio E. E. 

Laurel, p. v., Sussex county, Del: on Broad cr. of 
Nanlicoke r., 39 m. S. Dover. 

Laubel, p. 0., Franklin eo., Ind. : on the W. branch of 
White Water r, 52 m. E. S. E. Indianapolis. The v. (called 
Laurel City) is on the Whitewater Canal, and has consider- 
able manufactures, and a large Ir.ade, with 600 inhabitants. 
Laurel, p. o., Clermont county, Ohio: 86 m. S. W. 
Columbus. 

Laukel, p. o., Washington co., Virg. : on a branch of S. 
fork of Holston r., 246 m. W. by S. Eichmond. 

Laurel, p. c, Marion co., Jfo. : 82 m. N. N. E. Jefferson 
City. 

Laueel mountains, Penn., Virff., and Timn. : a ridge of 
the Alleghanies, west of the main chain. They extend from 
Pennsylvania across Virginia to Kentucky, and under tho 
name of Cumberland mountains, divide the two latter States 
and cross Tennessee, terminating near its S. border. 
Laltiel Branch, p. o., Henrico co., Virg. 
Laitrel CiTv, v., Franklin co., Iitd. : on the Whitewater 
Canal, 14 m. N. W. Brookville. 

Laukel Cheek, p. o., Fayette CO., Tenn. : 151 m. W. S. W, 
Nashville. 

Laurel Factorv, p. v.. Prince George's CO., Mil. : on the 
right bank of Big Patuxent r., 21 in. W. N. W. AnnapoUs. 
The Wiishington Branch K. K. passes the v., 22 m. from 
Baltimore. 

Laurel Fork. p. o., Bath CO., JTy. : on a cr. of Licking r. 
so calleil, 66 m. E. Frankfort. 

Laurel Gap. -p. o., Greene co., Tenn,: on W. side of 
Lick cr., 219 m. E. Nashville. 

Laurel Grove, p. o., Pittsylvania co., rirg.: US m. 
S. W. by W. Eichmond. 

Laurel Hill, p. o., Marengo co., Ala.; on Beaver cr. of 
Tombigbee r., 82 m. W. by S. Montgomerj-. 

Laurel Hill. p. o.. Carroll co., Ga. : about 2 m. S. Talla- 
poosa r.. 122 m. W. by N. Milledgeville. 

Laurel Hill, p. o„ Eichmond co., y. Car. : near Shoe 
Ileel Swamp, 77 m. S. W. by S. Ealeigh. 

Laurel Hill, p. o., Lunenburg eo., Virff, .• M m. S. W. 
Eichmond- 



LAU' 



LAW 



Laurel Hill, sta.. West Feliciiina par., La, : 30 m. N. by 
^V. Baton Rouge. The West Feliciana K. R. passes here, 
12 miles from Bayou Sara. 

Lauhel Mills, p. o., Rappahannock county, Virg. : SG m. 
N. N. W. Richmond. 

Laurel Point, p. o., Monongalia county, Virg. : lOT m. 
N. W. by W. Richmond. 

Laurel Springs, p. o., Ashe co., K. Car. : at the west base 
of the Blue Ridge, 1G5 m. W. N. W. Raleigh. 

Laureltille, p. v., Westmoreland co., Penn. : 134 m. W. 
Harrisburg. 

Laurens county, Ga. Situate S. E. centrally, and con- 
tains 703 sq. m. Intersected by Oconee r.. and drained by 
its aftluents, Big. Cool Spring, Palmetto, and Mercer's creeks, 
and north fork of Little Ocmulgee r. Surface considerably 
broken; soil excellent. Collon and com arc the staples. 
It is a fine grazing county, and raises great numbers of cattle 
and hogs, and has superior dairies. Ita water-power is 
plentiful. Farms 32S ; manuf. ; dwell. 6:34, and pop.— wh. 
S,4o9, fr. col. 9, si. 2,974— total 6.442. OipiPtl : Dublin. 

Laurens district, S. C^ir. Situate N. W., and contains 
920 sq. m. Bounded S. W. by Saluda r., and N. E. by En- 
noree r., a branch of Broad r., and drained by their alfluenta, 
Reedy and Redbum rivers, and Duncan's cr., all flowing 
Into the Santce. Surface much diversified ; in parts hilly ; 
soil of great fertility— producing fine grass, great crops of 
com and wheal, and an immense yield of cptton. Cotton is 
the great staple. Many cattle and sheep are reared, and 
great quantities of pork fatlod. It has superior and abund- 
ant water-power, and limestone and marl are extensively 
found. Its inauufactures are large, and much capita! is in- 
vested in making woolen and cotton goods, leather, lumber, 
flour, etc. Farms 1,603; maniif. Ul ; dwell. 2,1-32, and pop. 
— wh. 11,371, fr. col. S3, si. 11,953— total 23,407. Capital: 
Laurenaville. Public Works: Laurens R. R. 

Laurens, t and p. o., Otsego co., X. Y. : 71 m. W. Albany. 
Drained by Otsego cr. Surface hilly ; soil a rich sandy loam. 
Farming is very profitable, and the leading interest. Iron 
ore is found. The v. called Laurensville is on the cr., and 
contains two hotels, a foundry, several stores, and 500 inhab- 
itants. Pop. oft. 2,163. 

Laurensville, p. v., and cap. Laurens dist, S. Car: 
near the head of Little r., 63 m. W. N. W. Columbia. It 
stands on high land, and contains a court-house, jail, 3 acad- 
emies, 15 stores, and 700 inhabitants. The "L. Herald" is 
published weekly. The p. o. is Laurens C. H. The Laur- 
ens R. R. extends hence to Uelena, on the Greenville and 
Columbia R. R. 

Laurens Hill, p. o., Laurens co., Ga.: near Rocky cr., 
89 ra. S. MiUedgeville. 

Lauretta, p. c, Sauk co.. Wise. : SS m. N. W. Madison. 

Lausanxe, L and p. o.. Carbon co., Peun.: on Ihe W. 
8ide of Lehigh r., 72 m. N. E. II.^rrisburg. Surface mount- 
ainnus, and soil unpropitious fur farming. It is rich in cord, 
find the Beaver Meadow mine lies within it. A canal fol- 
lows the Lehigh, with which several railroads connect the 
mines. 

Lavacca couniy, Tfvas. Situate S. E. centrally, and 
coiitains 1,0G4 sq. m. Drained by Lavacca r., its branches, 
SmilluT's, (lark's. Supplejack, and Big and Little Bru-shy 
creeks, Navidad r., and its branches. Upper and I^wer 
Rocky. Nixoii*s, and Sandy creeks. Surface mostly undulat- 
ing, intersected in places by ravines, generally of no great 
depth; soil a rich l)lack mold near the stream, witti a sub- 
itralum of recjdish loam, which, mixed, are of a chocolate 
color, imlicalive of. and peculiar to, the finest lands in the 
Slate. Back of the rivers is more sandy, but scarcely less 
fertile. The streams are skirted with heavy timber ; between 
them are a few prairies. Com and cotton yield enormously, 
and most oilier crops are heavy. The grazing is peculiarly 
fine, and horses and cattle, requiring little or no attention, 
are reared in great numbers for the eastern markets and ex- 
portatioiL Indigo is easily raised, and peaches, flgs, and 



melons are abundanU Farms 139; manuf 0; dwell. 203, 
and pop.— wh. 1,139, fr. col. 0, si. 432— total 1,571. Capital: 
Petersburg. 

Lavan3\-ille, p. v., Somerset co., Penn.: 117 m. W. by 
S. Harrisburg. 

LAV0NA,p. o., Lucas co., Oh.: 112 m. N. N.W.Columbus. 

Lawn Ridge, p. o., Marshall county, PL : S7 m. north 
Springfield. 

Lawrence county, Ala. Situate N. W., and contains 7.'»8 
sq. m. Bounded N. by Tennessee r., ami draint^I by its af- 
fluents, and S. by head streams of Black Warrior r. Surface 
much diversified; in the S. elevated and broken, in ihe N. 
less broken, with some marshes; soil of great fertility. Cot- 
ton and corn are the leading and almost exclusive t*laplts. 
The annual yield of each is very large — among ihc highest 
in the State. Large numbere of cattle, and especially of 
swine, are fattened for consumption and export. It has 
many mill streams and growing manufactures, and excellent 
facilities for marketing ita staples. Farms 93(i ; manuf. 24; 
dwell. 1,469, and pop.— wh. S,:i43, fr. col. 63, si. 6.S52— total 
15,25S. Cupitul: Moulton. Public Wurks: Memphis and 
Charleston R. R. 

La'wt.ence county, Ark. Situate N. E.. and contains 
1,363 sq. m. Big Black r., a branch of White r., mus S. 
through the E. of the co., and the W. is draineti by its afllu- 
enfs. Spring and Strawberr>' rivers, with their branches. 
Cache r., another branch of White r., is its E. boundary. 
Surface in the E. low and level; generally undulating, or 
slightly broken ; soil fertile, adapted equally to grass or grain, 
and producing superior qualities of both. Com is the staple. 
It is an excellent wheal region, and produces good crops of 
nearly every thing planted. The streams are heavily tim- 
bered with pine, ash, and oak, and the forests furnish mast 
f^»r vast herds of swine. The Big Black is navigable through 
Uie CO. Farms 601; manuf. 0; dwell. 800, and pop. — wli. 
4,SS2. fr. col. 4. st. 3SS— total 5,274. Capital ■ Smithville. 

Lawrence county, Ul. Situate S. E., and contains 354 
sq. m. Drained by Embarras r. and its branches, and 
Bompas and Fox creeks, affluents of Wabash r.. its \L bound- 
ary-. Surface undulating or level ; soils various; in the N. E. 
are Large swamps, on the Embarras r. rich bottoms, and W. 
large prairies, with good timber on the streams. Much of 
the CO. is fine land, and in good cultivation. Cum, wheal, 
beef, and pork are staples. Farms G56; manuf. 20; dwell. 
1.057, and pop.— wh. 5,Si.3. fr. col. 27S— total 6,121. Capital : 
Lawrenceville. Public Works: Cincinnati and St Louis 
Railroad. 

Lawrence county, lud. Situate S. centrally, and contains 
438 sq. m. Intersected by E. fork of White r., and drained 
by iLs branches, Indian, Salt, Leatherwood, ami Guthrie's 
creeks. Surface generally rolling, with some hilly and 
broken land; soil excellent, and limber abumhmt. Corn, 
wheat, pork, cattle, and horses arc the chief exports, pork 
being a very large one. Limestone is found in abumlance. 
Farms 1.031 ; manuf. 19 ; dwell. 2,012. and pop.— wh. 12,003, 
fr. col. 94— total 12,097. CapiUd: Bedford. Puhlto Work^s: 
New Albany and Salem R. R. 

Lawrence eounty, Kij. Situate X. E., and contains 442 
sq. m. Bounded E. by Big Sandy r., and drained E. by ita 
branches, Weslfork and Blanes creeks, and W. by heads of 
I-iltle Sandy r.. flowing N. into ihe Ohio. Surface moder- 
ately hilly ; soil of great producti\eness. Com is the staple 
grain; wheat, oats, and rye yield well. This co, is abund- 
antly supplied with excellent pastures, and grazing is a 
leading interest Its cattle and swine are superior, and 
reared in large numbers f»)r N. and E. markets. Horses of 
a fine breed are also sent to Virginia and MaryLind. It haa 
g<x)d salt springs. Farms C>ob\ manuf. 10; dwell. ^S9, and 
pop.— wh. C,14:i, fr. col. 1, si. 137— total 6,231. Capital: 
Louisa. 

Lawrence county. Miss. Situate S. W.,and contains 7S9 
sq. m. Pearl r. pas.ses S. thrmgh the co.. and its atlUienta 
drain it; E., Silver and While Sand creeks, W., Babala cr., 

367 



LAW 



LAW 



Fair r., Falling cr., and heads or Bogue Chitto. Surface 
mosUy uneven, without being rough; soil fertile. CoUon ie 
the leading i>roJuct; cum and potatoes give good returns, 
and rice is eultivaled. Cattle and ewine arc raised largely. 
It h;is gootl mill streams, and some pine timber. Farms 
45S; manuf. 12; dwell. G13, and pop.— wh. 3,549, fr. col. 0, 
si. '2,920— total ti,4T3. C^tpiUd : Monticello. 

Lawkencb county, Mo. Situate S. W., and contains 573 
sq. m. Drained by Spring r., Centre cr., and Nch-hah r. 
flowing W. and into Arkansas r., and by heads of Sac r. 
flowing X. into the Osage. The Ozark mountains lie on its 
K. border, and the 8iu"face is much broken, giving rise to 
many streams and good water-i>ower. The streams are 
small, but skirted with timber, and, in the lower parts, rich 
bottoms. The soil is well fitted for gnizing, and parts are 
excellent grain land. Cattle and corn are the staples. 
Farms 4,107 ; manuf. 5 ; dwell. 748, and pop.— wh. 4,607, fr. 
col. 4, si. 24S— total 4,859. Ci'pital : Mount Vernon. 

Lawuknoe county, Oklo^ Contains an area of 430 sq. m., 
and is the most S. county in the Slate. Bounded S. E. and 
S. by the Ohio, and drained by its afHuents, Storm's cr., 
S}nmncs cr., and Indian Guyandotle r. Surface hilly and 
broken ; soil very productive, and excellent grazing land. 
Corn, wheat, and oats yield fine crops, and great numbers 
of cattle aud sheep are reared. Live stock, wool, and pork, 
are lea<ling agricultural exports. A tint; farming co., with 
plenty of mill-seats, but the great interest is mining the ex- 
tensive deposits of iron ore aud coal that are here so abund- 
ant, and manufacturing the iron into castings of all kinds. 
These employ a large capital and many laborers, and the 
exports of coal, and pig and east iron, are very large. Ex- 
cellent stoneware is made from clay found hero. Farma 
254; manuf. 29; dwell. 2,553, and pop.— wh. 14,920, fr. col. 
820— total 15,246. Capital: Burlington. Public Works: 
Iron It. R. / 

Lawkbsce county, P<?nn. Situate "W., on Slate line, and 
contains 35S sq. m. Drained by Beaver r. and its branches, 
Mahoning r., and Shenango and Neshannock creeks. Sur- 
face hilly and broken; soil excellent, and water-power 
abundant. All the grains grow well, and produce large 
crops. It ha-s fine ]):istures, and raises beef and pork, wool 
and stock for export. Its greatest resources are its mines 
of coal and iron, which are very rich and extensive. These 
are much wrought, and iron is manufactured, both cast and 
wrought, very largely. F<)r all its produce good markets 
are easily accessible in every direction. Farms 1,606; 
manuf. 49; dwell. :J,6S7, and pop.— wh. 20,947, fr. col. 132— 
total 21,079. Ciipitnl: New Castle. Fablic \Yorks: Peuu- 
s; Ivania and Ohio Canal.; Beaver and Erie Canal. 

Lawrence coimty, Tenn. Situate ccnlrally on S. Ime, 
and contains 564 sq. m. Drained by Bulfalo r., fiowing W., 
jind Blue Water cr., and Moody's fork, flowing south into 
the Tennessee. Surface uneven, and soil fertile. Com and 
wheat are the staples. A great deal of pork ia exported. 
It has good mUl streams, and extensive manufactures of 
iron, cotton, leather, and flour. Farms 993; manuf. 43; 
dwell. 1,364, and pop.— wh. S,095, fr. col. 23. si. 1,162— total 
9,2S0. Capital: Lawrcnceburg. Public Works: NashviUe 
and New Orleans R. E. ; Memphis and Nashville K. 11. 

Lawkencr, t. and p. v., Van Buren co., Mich. : 31 m, 
W. S. W. Lansing. Drained by Pawpaw r., which is navi- 
gable for batteaux. Surface varied, and soil mostly good. 
The village is on the S. side of the Pawpaw. Population 
of t, 510, 

LAwr.KscE, sta., Stark county, Ohio: on the Ohio aud 
Pennsylvania R. 11., 15 W. of Canton. 

Law'bencr, t and p. o., Washington county. Ohio : 92 m. 
E. S. K. Columbus. Drained by Little Mviskingum r., which 
h:is good mill-seats. Surface uneven, and soil fertile. Coal, 
iron ore, and salt springs are found. Pop. 814, 

Lawkence, t and p. v., Essex co., Mass. : 26 m. N. by W. 
Boston. The Merrimae r., which passes through the L, fur- 
nishes an immense water-power, by means of a stone dam 



900 feet long, with wings 324 and 405 feet, affording a head 
and fall of 2S feet for the whole river, and a water-power 
equal to that eiyoyed by Lowell. This dam was erected by 
the Essex Company, organized, with Hon. Abbot Lawrence 
at its head, in 1S45. For manufacturing purposes a canal 
5,330 feet long, 100 feet wide at its head, and 60 at its t;iU, 
and 12 feet deep, and running parallel with the river 400 
feet distance, has been excavated, and between the canal 
and river the space is occupied by the ftictory buildings. 
With these facilities, the progress of raauufaelurea and general 
industry haa been rapid and sustained ; and numerous mills 
for the manufacture of cotton and woolen goods, etc., have 
sprung into existence, chiefly belonging to companies; the 
Atlantic Cotton Mills employ 1,000 hands, an<i consume an- 
nually 14,000 to 15,000 bales in the manufacture of coarse 
sheeting and shirting. The Bay State Mills employ about 
2,000 hands in the manufactiu-e of woolen goods, and con- 
sume between three and four million pounds of wool anna- 
ally. The Plymouth Company, manufacturing ducks, and the 
Pacific Mills for the manufacture of bareges, lawns, etc., are 
also hirge establishments. The Essex Company, the original 
owners of the property, have a large machine shop here, at 
which arc manufactured steam-engines, machinery, locomo- 
tives, and employ "00 or SOO hands. Paper-hangings are 
also manufactured by the Charter Paper Company. Besides 
these, there are various smaller establlsliments, among which 
may be named a steam saw-mill, a piano-forte factory, a 
carriage factory, a steam planing mill, etc. The city is well 
planned, and contains a town haU, a handsome brick bi:ild- 
ing, 120 feet by 62, containing the town oflSccs, and a hall 
capable of containing 1,600 persons; and a common of IS 
acres in the centre of the t has been planted and laid out in 
walks for the benefit of the inhabitants. There is also a bank 
in the village. Tlie public buildings and factories are lighted 
with gas,, supplied by the Lawrence Gas Light Company; 
and water is supplied from a resen'oir 15Q feet above Iho 
canal, and of 1,400,000 gallons capacity, into which water ia 
pumped by the force pumps of the several mills. Such is the 
material of the v. or future city. Its religious and educa- 
tional welfare is equally well attended to ; it has 7 church 
edifices, and 10 religions societies of various denominations! 
and its school department consists of a high school, 2 gram- 
mar school.?, and 15 others, with an aggregate of 23 teachers, 
and 1,800 scholars. Provision is also made for public lectures, 
and a public library. Two newspapers are published in tho 
village, the "L. Courier" (whig), and the *'L. Scntiner 
(dem.), both weekly issues, and circulating upward of 1,(100 
copies each. There are 5 radroads centering here, viz., tho 
Lov/ell and Lawrence E. R., tho Boston and Maine R. R^ 
the Essex County R. R., the Newbur}-i)orl R. R., aud the 
Manchester and Lawrence R. E. Lawrence was taken from 
Mcthucn and Andovcr in 1S47, and contains 2,039 acres, of 
which area 1,9S0 acres belonged to the latter, and 2,050 to 
the former. It took its name from the Lawrence family, tho 
great manufacturing heroes of Massachusetts, and the hberal 
and enlightened patrons of literature and cdncalion. Pop. 
of t. in 1S50, S,2S3; in 1S52, 12,1S6; increased 3,902, or 47 
per cent, in two years. 

Lawhence, p. o., Monroe co., J/ws. ; 13 m. N. E. by N. 
Jackson. 
La WHENCE, p. 0., Marion co., Ind. 

Lawkescebl'kg, p. city, and cap. Dearborn co., Ind. : on 
the Ohio, 2 m. below the mouth of tho Great Miami, 79 rn. 
S. E. by E. Indianaj)oli3. It is built on a rich bottom, and tho 
terrace back of it is the outlet for the rich valleys of the Miami, 
and W. Whitewater. The Whitewater Canal terminates here, 
and furnishes fine waler-powcr. It contains a court-bouse, 
bank, several academies, S large flouring mills, a very largo 
distillery, and numerous minor manufactories. Its advant- 
ages for trade and commerce are gre^t, and the shipping 
business very heavy. The Lawrenccburg and Upper Mis- 
sissippi R. R. commences here, and is connected with the 
Cinciniuiti and SL Louis R. E. near the city The " Indiana 



LAW 



LEB 



Kegistcr" (d'-'ni.\ aa<I '• Imlepenflent Press," are publishdl 
weekly. IncorporuU-cl a city 1S46. Pop. 3,4S7. 

Lawrknceburg, p. v., and cap. Anderson co., Kij.: 9 m. 
S. FrankforL It coataUis a courHiouse,Jail, academy, and 
Eevcral stores. 

Lawrkncebi^^bg, p. v., Armstrong co., Pfiiin.: on tlic 
W. bank of Alleghany r., 153 m. "W. N. W. Ilarrisburt;. A 
farriacc of 1,400 tons annual capacity is near it, and tlu^ 
Allcgliany Valley li. U. passes through it. 

La\vri!Ncki5Urg, p. V., and cap. Lawn^nce co.. T&dd. : on 
Shoal or. of Tennessee r.,GT m.S.by W. Nashville. Itcon- 
lains a court-house, jail, an academy, high school, a batdt, 
several stores, and 400 inhabitants. A weekly jiaper, the 
" Middle Tenncssean'' (whig), is published. 

Lawrkncbport, p. v., Lawrence co., Iitfh : on Driftwood 
r., G8 m. S. by AV. Indianapolis. 

Lawrexcb's, sla., Colleton dist., S. Cat\: on the South 
Carolina K. K., 2S in. from Ciiarleston. 

Lawrencevillk. p. v., and cap. Monroe county, .^4?'^. .' 
about 4 m. E. nl" ^'hite r., 62 m. E. by S. Little Kock. It 
contains a court-house and several stores. 

Lawrenceville, p. v., and cap. Gwinnett oo., Oa. : SI m. 
N. W. by N. Milledgcviile. It contains a court-house, jail, 
academy, several large stores, and 350 inhabil,ants. 

Lawrenceville, p. v., and cap, Lawrence co., III. : on 
the W. side of Embarras r., 131 m. S. E. by E. Springfleld, 
The V. contains the county buildings, several stores an- 
mills, and 350 inhabitants. The "L. Banner" (whif' *^ 
published weekly. 

Lawrenceville, p. v., Dearborn co., /»(?. .■ 76 "'• °- ^■ 
Indianapolis. 

Lawrenceville, p. v., Mercer co., J^. Jer. : '"'"■ ^- ^- ^^• 
Trenton. It con'aius an academy, several -^ores, and 200 
inhabitants. 

Lawrenceville, p. v. and sta., St. T-^wrence co., J^ Y. ■ 



156 ni. N. N. W. Albany. The st 



.ion is 41 miles E. of 



Ogdensburg. on the Northern (Or-^^sbarg) li. R. 

Lawken-ceville, p. V. and-t^-' Tioga co., Penn.: on 
Tiot:a r., which supplies i" ^"'th watei-powcr, 112 miles 
NbyW Harhsburo-. u '-ts a large trade in lumber. The 
sta. is on the Corning ^"^ Blossburg K. K., 15 m. from 
Corning. Pop. 494. 

Lawrencettll" P- 0-. Tlenry co., Ala. : 94 m. 9. S. E. 

Montgomery. 

Lawrkncf- '^^^' P- ^-^ ^"*^ ^'^P- Eninswick co., V/rg. : 
on a brauc> ^^ Mfherrin r., 55 m. 9. 9. W. KichniMid. It 
contains -^ court-huuse, jail, -academy, several stores, and 

400 inWl^H-'i'iI-^- 

J..VSOSVILLE. p. v., Pvockingham co., K Car.: 77 m. 
jj ff. by "\V. Ualeigh. 

Lawsvili.e Centre, p. o., Susquehanna county, Pcmi. : 
lis m. N. N. E. Harrisburg. 

Lawton, p. o., Van Buren co., Midi. : S3 ni. "W. by S. 
Lansing; 

Lawtonville, p. 0., Beaufort dist., S. Car. : S4 m. 9. by W. 
Columbia. 

Lawyersvillk, p. T., Schoharie county, N. K : on the 
CoblcsUill. 36 m. W. by N. Albany. It contains several mills 
and '200 inhabitants. 

LAY8vn,LE. p. v.. New London co., Omn. 

Laytonsville, p. v., Montgomery co., Md. : "W". N. W. 
Annapolis. 

Lazaretto, sta.. Delaware county, Pcnn.: 11 m. frmn 
Philadelphia, on the Philadelphia, "Wilmington, and Balti- 
more i:. li. 

Leaciiman, p. o., Buchanan co., Mo.: near the Missouri, 
165 m. W. N. W. JetTerson City. 

Leacock, t. and p. o., Lancaster county, Peini.: 43-m. 
E. S. E. IIarrisI)urg. Drained by Conestoga and Peeqnea 
creeks. Surface even, and Sf»il rich. It has fine mill streams 
and large flouring mills, tlislilleries, and various manufactur- 
ing establish menls. Pop. 8,539. 

Leading Creei;, p. o., Lewis county, Yir(;. : near the 

24 



branch of Little Kanawha r. so called, lOt- m. W. N. W 
Richnion<l. 

Leadsvii.le, p. c, Randolph county, TT/v--' 1^3 m. 
N. W. by W. Richmond. 

Leakvalb, p. o., Jefferson co.. Teiin. : 193 in. R Nn.shville. 

Lrake county, J/i'A«. Situate centrally, iiw! cnniains C35 
sq. m. Drained by Pearl r. and its branel'-'S, 'rtiscalameta, 
Yoeanucani, and Yalobusha creeks, w'deh furnish somo 
water-i)owcr. Surface pleasantly diyrsifled, without great 
elevations; soil of average fertility Coltnn in ihe staple 
product. Corn yields good crop^ Great numbers of cattle 
and hogs are raise<l, and beef .m'l t-acon are considerable 
exports. Farms 4^57: manu- 4; dwell. 635, and pop.— wh. 
3,0S2, fr. col. 2, si. 1,&19— t'"'^' 5,5-33. Capita! : Carthage. 

Leake's Store, p. o. Washita co., Ark. : IS m. 9. 8. W. 
Little Rock. 

Leakksvit.le, p v., Newton co., Ga.: 4? m. N. W. 
Milledgeville. 

Leake-svili.-^ P- ^-i »'■"'' c^P- Greene co., ^fias. : on 
Chickasawh; ''■' 1^^ "^' ^' E- ^^ ^- Jjickson. It contains a 
conrt-hous' ^^'' J^''» ^"^ ^ '^'^ houses and storoe. 

Leakp'LLE. p. v., Rockingham co., N. Car.: near the 
conflu '^'''^ ^^ Smith's and Dan rivers, 91 m. N. W. by W. 
Ral"i;l'- 

I .^ranpkr, p. o., Graves county, Ky. : 229 m. "W. 9. W- 
li-'rankfort. 

Leasiuiro, p. o., Caswell county, Ni Car, : on Tycotee r., 
62 m. N. W. Raleigh. 

LEATnERTi^'ooD, p. o., Guftmsey co., OJiio: on the cr. so 
called, 83 m. E. Columbus. 

Lbatherwood, p. o.. Clarion co., Penn. : 143 m.W. N.W. 
Harrisburg. A furnace of 1,400 tons annual capacity is 
located here. 

Leatiierwoop's Store, p. o., Henry co., Ylrg. : 143 m. 
S. W. by W. Riehmond. 

Lravrnswortii, p. o., Darlington dist,, 8. Cur. : 59 m. 
E. N. E. Columbia. 

Leavitt, p. 0., Carroll county, Ohio: 106 m. E. N. E. 
Columl'us. 

Leuanon county, Penn. Situate S. E. centrally, and 
contains 376 sq. m. Drained by Swatara cr.. an afHuent of 
the Susquehanna, and its branches. Surface moderately 
uneven, with some broken tract.?.* soil exceedingly rich, 
constituting an excellent farming and dairy co., where 
wheat, r\e, corn, oats, and potatoes thrive almost equally, 
and all produce largely, where cattle and sheep find the best 
of grass, and the products of the dairy are hardly surpassed. 
But it has also abundant water-power, good timber, and 
gri'at quantities of iron ore and coal. Its manufactures are 
various and extensive, but cast and wrought ironware is 
the most important product. Woolen goods and earthen- 
ware are largely made. Farms 1,449; mnnuf. 146; dwell. 
4,452; and pop.— wh. 25.9R5, fr. col. 86— total 26,071. 
Capital: Lebanon. Puhlic Worka: Union Canal. 

LEitANON, p, v., and cap. Do Kalb co., Ala. : on W. side 
of Big Wills cr. of Coosa r., 134 m. N. by E. Montgomery. 

II contains a court-house, jail, U. S. land ofilce, several 
stores, and 300 inhabitants. 

Leiianon, p. v., aiui cap. Searcy co., Arl: : on the 9. side 
of Ruffalo fork of Whiter., S5 m. N. N. W. Little Rocfe. 
The V. con!*i^ts of a court-house and a f»'W dwellings. 

Leiianox. p. o., Laclede county. Mo.: 66 m. S. S. W. 
-I^-tr.Tson City. 

Leuanon. t., p. v., and sfa.. New London co.. CoTtn.: 
26 m. E. S. E. Hartford. Drained by branches of Yantic r., 
which affonl numerous mill-soats. Snrfaee hilly, bnt not 
ruL'ged; soil a deep mold, and exceedingly fertile. Farm- 
ing and the dairy engnos attention, and their products are 
not exceeded in amount or quality by any t. in the State. 
It has also aeveml mills and factories. The New London, 
Willimantie. and Palmer R. R. crosses the E. part, and the 
sta. is. S m. ;*. of Willimantie. The v. lies near the centre, 
and consists of a wide street, about 1 m. long, and mostly, 



LEB 



t X(X!j£i 



though not compactly built, with a flourishing academy. 
Pop. of I. 1,901. 

LeutNuN, p. o., Cobb co.-, -ffrt. ; about 3 m. N. Chatta- 
huocliee r.. 9S m. N. W. MiUedge villi?. 

Leba.no\j). v., St. Claic co., ///.; 85 m. S. Springfield. 
It has eoubid<>«abIc manufueliires, though dcslitulc of wati-r- 
power, and noni;,iii9 an acadt-my, snvt'ral stores, and 607 
inhabitanle. M'Kvidree College, founded in 1 S.J5, is located 
here, and in 1850 hn^y irislructora, 7i alumni, of whom 23 
were ministers, SH studt^ta, and 7,000 vohimes in ila library. 
The " lUinois Advocate^' (Moth.) is published weekly. 

Lebanon, p. v., and cap. Qoone co., />nJ. : 24 m. N. "W. 
Indianapolis. It contains a «;ourMiouse, jail, academy, 
several stores, and 600 iuliabiU,iia. The Lafayette and 
Indianapolis E. K. passes through », 37 ni. from Lafayette. 

Lebanon, p. v., and cap. Marion >(,.^ 7^■^. .- on a small 
branch of Salt r., 44 m. S. by W. rranhs^rL It contains a 
court-house, jail, several stores and woN^hops, and TOO 
inhabitants. 

Lebanon, t. and p. o., York co., Me. : ST m.g. "W.. \yy g, 
Augu&ta. Drained by branches of Salmon Fal^ ^.^ which 
separates it from N. Ilanip., and furnishes watOvpo^r^r^ 
Surface uneven, and soil well adapted to farmiit(, and 
grazing, which are the leading interests. Pop. 1.4T3. 

Lebanon, t and p. v., Grafton co., X Ilamp. : on t^ 
Connecticut r., 45 m. N.W. Concord. Drained by Mascomyr, 
Whiuh, rising in a pond on its E. line, flows through it into 
the Connecticut, and affords flue water-power. It contains 
extensive meadows on both the rivers, and is an excellent 
farming region. Veins of. lead and iron ore are found. 
The v. is in a plain, near the centre, at the falls of Mascomy 
r., and has extensive trade, and valuable manufactures. It 
contains a bank, an academy, and several stores and mills, 
•yhe " Granite Slate Whig" is published here weekly. It is 
on the Northern K. R., 4 m. from its connection with the 
Vermont Central li. K., at White River Junction. Pop. 
of t. 2,136. 

Leb^VNo?-'* t. and p. v., Hunterdon county, K J. : 29 m. 
N. by W. Trenton. Drained by Spruce Run and S. branch 
of Raritan r. Surface hilly; soil rich loam, well cultivated. 
The streams furnish many niilUsiles, which are much 
improved in various manufactures. The New Jersey 
Central R. R. crosses the t., and the sta. is 54 m. from New 
York. The v. eontjnns an academy, several distilleries and 
stores, and 500 inhabitants. Pop. of t. '2,12T. 

Lebanon, t. and p. 0., Madison county, 2^. 11; 98 m. 
W. by N. Albany. Drained by Chenango r. and its 
branches, which furnish power for many small mills. Surftice 
uneven ; soil clayey loam, and very productive of grain. It 
is a farming t. Pop. 1,709. 

Lebanon, p. v., and cap. Warren counly, Ohio: 72 m. 
B, W. by W. Columbus. Turtle cr. furnishes some water- 
power, and flour, iron, and woolen goods are manufactured. 
It contains a court-house, jail, and academy, and is the 
terminus of a branch of the Miami Canal. The " Western 
Star" (whig) is published weekly. Pop, 2,0SS. 

Lebanon, p. b., and cap. Lebanon county, Pe7m. : 24 m. 
E. by N. Ilarrisburg. The b. contiiins a court-house, jail, 
and other county buildings, an academy, 2 furnaces, pro- 
ducing 7,00() tons of iron per annum, a bank, a dozen 
stores, and several large warehouses on the Union C'anal, 
which pa.sse9 it 3S ni. from Middletown, its tennimis, on the 
Susquehanna. Four weeklies are published, the " L. 
Courier" (whig), and the "L. Advertiser," " L. Democrat," 
and " Tnie Democrat" (dcm.) Pop. about S.Of'O. The 1. 
is drained by Swatara cr. and branches, ancl has an uneven 
face and generally fertile soil. L4'ather, earthen ware, and 
iron are the leading mechanical products. Pop. of t, 7,860. 

Lebanon, p. o., Abbeville dist., S. Oar. : 73 ra. W. by N. 
Columbia. 

Lebanon, p. v,, and cap. Wilson co., Tenn.:on a branch 
of Cumberland v., 27 m. E. Nashville. It has a pleasant 
locatioa amid a greui tobacco district, and contains a court- 
870 



house, jail, S academie«, 20 slores, a^ 1,700 inhabitants 
In the vicinity are extensive cotton factories. Cumberland 
University was founded here in 1S44, and in ISoU had 6 
instructors, SO ahnnni, of whom 21 were ministers, 63 stu- 
dents, and a hbrary of 5,000 volumes. Connected with tho 
University is a Law Schiwl, which had in 1S50 3 instructors 
and 56 students. Two weekly papers are published, Iho 
" L. Packet" (whig) and *' lianner <if Peace." 

Leb.vnon, p. v., and cap. Russell co., VlrQ. : near Big 
C«dar cr. of Clinch r., 163 m. W. by S. Richmond. It 
contains the county buildings, aud several st*)rea and 
has 145 inhabitants. 

Lebanon White SuLpnuE Speings, p. o., Augusta CO., 
Virg. : SG m. W. N. W. Richmond. 

Le CLA.IP.E, p. v., Scott CO., /«. ; on the Mississippi, 62 tn. 
E. by S. Iowa City. 

Le Co.mpte Valley, p. o,, (Unknown) co., Utah Ter. 
Ledlies. p. o., Meigs co., Ohio : 6S m. S. E. C».>lumbu8. 
Ledyaed. t. and p. v., New London co., Omn. : on the E. 
side of Thames r., 42 m. S. E. Hartford. Surface pleasantly 
diversified; soil mosdy productive. Fanning is the chief 
employment. Good granite is found in abundance. The 
Norwich and Worcester R. R. terminates at All>-n's Point 
on the Thames, 7. m. S. of Norwich, where is a fern,- and a 
growing village, with a brisk trade, and some conunerce. 
Pop of t. 1,5SS. 

Ledvaf.d, t and p. o., Cayuga co., K. Y. : on the E. side 
of VfUga Lake, 154 m. W. by N. Albany. Drained by 
small «reams flowing into the lake. Surface rolling. Soil, 
clay anCM^jjfQ '^nvl is abundant, and great crops of grain 
are raised, j^ ^^j^ town are 2 academies. Pop. 2,043. 

Lee county _^^^ Situate S. W., and contains 506 sq. m. 
Bounded E. byv^int r, and drained by its afilucnL-., Muck- 
alee, Kiekafoonee,>pd oi^er creeks. Surface agreeably va- 
ried; soil mostly feN^^ Cotton is extensively cultivated, 
and forms the great sta^p^ ^ yf.^ j^rge amount being rais- 
ed. Other branches of ixriculture arc little attended to, 
corn-growing an exception- jt ^.^ considerable water- 
power, which is not much ils^i_ Farms SS7; manuf. T; 
dwell. 550, and pop.— wh. 3.025, f^, ^ol 8, si. 3,620— total 
6,659. Capital : StarkviUe. 

Lee county, HI. Situate N. W. ee^j^lly, and contains 
"IS sq. m. Drained by Rock r., which ^oss^a tjje N. W. 
corner, and ils branch, Green r. Surface undulalin*' or 
level; soil very fertile. It has much pruirie,,ntcrepersed 
with occasional groves of limber, and some larf^ gwampa. 
Large crops of com and wheal are grown, and thbOTa^in" 
is excellent. Rock r. affords fine water-power, and a sjttora 
of great fertility. Farms 47S; manuf. 12; dwdl. 905, ^d 
pop.— wh. 5,2S3, fr. col. 4— total 5,292. aipiUil: DixonT 

Lee county, la. Situate S. E. comer, and contains 476 
sq. m. Bounded N. E. by Skunk r., K. by Mississippi r., 
and S. W. by Des Moines r., and drained by their afllucntf, 
Half Breed and Sugar creeks, etc. Surface pleasantly di- 
versified; soil very productive. A superior farming co., 
which raises large crops of wheat and corn, aflFords excel- 
lent pasture, and exports live slock, beef, and pork. It has 
also fine timber, and abundance of water-power, which is 
much used in manufacturing. Ila means, natural and arti- 
ficial, for transportation of i)roduce and jiaasengers, are ex- 
tetisive. and make it a great thoroughfare for emigration and 
fr.'ighl dcj^liucd E. or S. Farms l,:V>i>; manuf. 73; dwell. 
3.252, and p<ip. wh.— 13,809, tr. col. 51— total 13^60. Cap' 
itiil: Port Madison. 

Lf.e county. Virtj. Situate S. W. comer, and contains 
62S sq. nu Drained by Ptiwell's r., a branch of Clinch r., ami 
its affluents. Stone Fork, and Indian. Martin's, and Pigeon 
creeks. Surface broken, the Cumberland Mountains bound- 
ing it N. W., with beautiful valleys. Soil very fertile in the 
lower parts, and excdlctit pasturage in the higher. Cora 
and wbuat are grown largely, and are the staple grains. 
Mosl grains thrive, and some tobacco is raised. Great num- 
bers of catllo and sheep arc kept, aud large quanliliea of 



LEE 



LliH 



J)ort expotted. It has fine fu<^iIiUt^ fof mamifiictoring. and 
plenty of iron ore. Farms 5(f5; inanuffS; dwell 1.5yG, and 
jpop.— wh. 9,440, fr. col. 40, si. 7S7— l<jtal 10,2G". Ct/jntal: 
Jonesiille. 

Lee, t. and p. o., Penohscot co., Jf'\ : lu6 m. N. E. Augus- 
ta. U lias several large p<>nds, which are Ihe sources of 
Passaduinkrag and Maltakeunk riwra, and afford good 
mill-stroania. It produces fine crops of grain, and is well 
Umljcred. Fop. 917. 

Lcc, t. and p. v., Berkshire co., Xitss.: 113 m. W. Bos- 
ton. Drained by IIousaIonic r. anil ii.s liranohes, which sup- 
ply it with superior wuler^power. Surface hilly ; soil adapt- 
ed to grazing, with fine farms and meadows on the larger 
streams. It has fine facililiea for manufacturing in its abun- 
dant water-power and fuel, and convenient markets, and 
makes a great variety of articles, among which paper 
is the most important, and employs a large capital. Other 
IcaTling ariictes are cotton anrl woolen goods, leather, boots 
and shoes, bar iron, iron cjistings, mechanical and agricult- 
ural implements, cabinet and wooden ware, etc. Excelleot 
iron ore and marble are abundant The v. contains an 
academy, a bank, and several stores and workshops, and is 
II m. S. of Pittsfleld on the Housalonic li. E. Pup of t. 
3,220. 

Lee, t and p. v., Strafford co., K iTamp. : 27 m. E. S. E. 
Concord. Drained by Lamprey r. and ite branches, which 
move several saw-mills. Surface uneven, and soil mostly 
good. Farming is the chief business. Pop. S64. 

Lee, L and p. v., Oneida co., N. Y. : 104 m. W. N. W. 
Albany. Drained by branches of Fish, Wood, and Lan- 
sing's creeks, which furnish numerous mill-sites. Surface 
undulating; soil clayey or sandy loam, and very fertile. It 
has fine timber, and makes iron, leather, woolens, and flour. 
Poip. 3,033. 

Lee, t. and p. o., Athens co., Ohio: 64 m. S. E. Colum- 
bus. Pop. 961. 

Lee, p. o., Wan^'ick county,' /?( (7. ; 124 miles S. S. W. 
Indianapolis. 

Lee, p. v.. Ogle co., JR.: 159 m. N. Springtield. 

Lee Centre, p. v., Lee co., ///, ; l:is ni. N. Springfield. 

Lee Centre, p. o., Oneida co., X. Y. : lOG m. "NV. N. W. 
Albany 

Lekcuburg, p. v., Armstrong co., Poiik: on the N, 
bank of Conemaugh r., I4;5 ra. W. by N. TIarrisburg. It is 
on the "W. division of tlie Pennsylvania Canal, 37 m. from 
Pittsburg. 

Leechville, p. o., Eeaufort co., jV. Otr. : 112 m. E. by S. 
Etaleigh. 

Leeds, t and p. v., Kennebec co., J/*". ; on the E. side 
oT Antlrnscoggin r., 21 m. 'W. S. W. Augusta. Androscog- 
gm Pond, a large sheet of water in tlie N.. fnniishcs abin> 
dance of water for manufacturing, which is an important 
interest, though excelled by farming, for which the soiJ is 
excellent The v. is on the r., and contains an academy and 
several stores. The Androscoggin R. li. pa.sscs through the 
town, and joins the Androscoggin and Kennebec E. E. ia 
the S. part. Pop. of 1. 1,9.^2. 

Leeds, p. o., Hampshire co., Jfuss. : 95 m. "W. by J^. 
Boston. 

Leeds, p. v., Greene co., Al Y. : on Catskill cr., 4 m. from 
Catskill, 28 m. S. by W. Albany. It contains a hotel, fui^ 
nace, and several flouring mills, with 300 Inhabitants. 

Leeds Centre, sta.. Kennebec co., 3fe. : on the Andros- 
coggin E. E., 7 m. from its junction with the Androscoggin 
and Kennebec E. E. 

Leeds Man^r, p. o., Fauquier county, Virg. : S6 m. N. 
Eiehmond. 

Leeds Point, p. v., Atlantic co., N. Jer. : about 2 m. S. 
of Little Egg Harbor r.. 53 m. S. S. E. Trenton. 

Leeds Station, p. o., Kennebec county, Sffi. : 17 miles 
"W. 5. W. Augusta. The Androscoggin K. li. here diverges 
from the Androscoggin and Kennebec E. E., 44 m. from ' 
Portland. I 



Lebtisville, p. v., Monmouth co.. .V: Jer.: about 1 m.W. 
of Navesink r.. 33 m. E. by N. Trenton. 

Leedsville, p. v., Duchess co., a: }'. ; on Ten Mile cr 
5S m. S. by K. Albany. It contains a bank, several mills, 
and A.'^> inhabitants. 

LcEi'ERTowN, p. Y., Burcau county, 77/..- 116 m. N 
Springfield. 
Lei siiORuuGU, T,, Montgomery co., 3fd. : aee Cottage. 
LEESBrntJ, p. 0. Cherokee co., Ala.,: 126 m. N. N. E. 
Moiiigomery. 

Lkesiiitro, p. v., Kosciusko co., Ind. : 107 m. N. by E. 
Indianapolis. 

LEKsruTRU, p. o., Harrison county, K'j. : 31 m. E. by N. 
Frankfort. 

LrESiiiri:G, p. v., Highland co., Ohio : 62 m. S. W. by 3. 
Columbus. The Cincinnati, Hillsboro', and Parkersburg 
E. n. pa&sos the v. 50 m. from Cincinnati. 

Leesburg, p. v., Mercer co., Pemi.: on the E. side of 
Neshanock cr.. 183 ra. W. N. W. Ilarrisburg. On the creek 
is a furnace of 900 tons annual capacity. 

Lefsburg, p. v., Wasliington county, Tfini.: 2o5 m. E. 
Nashville. It contains several stores, a high school, and 
200 inhabitants. 

LBKsitiTHi. p. T., and cap. London co., Virg.: about 2 ra. 
W. of the Potomac, 107 m. K. Eiehmond. It occupies a 
conuiKinding position at the base of Killiictan Mountains, 
is ta-itefally laid out, and has a fine aqueduct leading from 
the liills. It contains a court-house and jail, a bank. 3 aca- 
demies, 80 stores, several manufactories, and about 1,691 
inhabitants. The " Washingtonian'' and Loudon Chron- 
icle" are published weekly. 

Lke's Cove, p. o., Shelby county, Ala. : 59 m. N. N. W. 
Montgomery. 

Lee's Creek, p. o., Clinton county, Ohio: 56 m. S. W. 
Columbus. 

Lei:'s Cross Eoads, p. o., Cumberland co., Pe7in. : 29 m. 
W. S. AV. H.irrisburg. 
Lef/s Mill«, p. o., Owen co., S't/. : N. Frankfort 
LiE^ruRT, p. o., Berks county, Penn.: 4S m. E. by N. 
Ilarrisburg. 

Lie's Eidge, p. o., Eaodoliih co., Ala. : 73 m. N. N. E. 
Montgomery. 
Li:esvili.e, p. v., Middlesex co., Conji. 
Lresvii.i.e, p. v., Lawrence county, Ind.: 68 miles 9. 
Indian.-: j^ilis. 

LEEsvti.i.E, p. v.. Hart county, Ktj.: on Bacon cr., 74 m. 
S. S. AV. Frankfort. 

Lecsvili-b, p. v., Schoharie co., K. Y. : 49 m. W. by N. 
Ali>any. 

Lek^ville, p. v., Eobeson co., N". Cai:: on a branch of 
Lumber r., S!' m. S. by W. Raleigh. 

Lersville, p. T., Carroll county, Ohio: 95 ra. E. N. E. 
Columbus. 

Leivsville, p. o., Lexington dist, S. Oar. : 27 m. W. by S. 
Columbia. 

Leesville, p. v.. Campbell co., Virg. : at the junction of 
Goose cr. and Stant.m r.. 104 m. W. S. \V. Eiehmond. It 
contains several mills and 1.^0 inhabitant?- 

LEf-sviLLE Cross Eoads, p. o., Crawford co., Ohio : 57 m. 
N. by E. Columbus. 

Leetown, p. v., Jefferson co., V-i'V- ■ on Ocoquan r., 
124 m. N. by W. Eiehmond, It cont-iins several mills and 
200 inhabitants. 

Lke Valley, p. o., Hawkins county, Tenn.: 3 m. S. of 
Clinch r., 236 m. E. by N- Nashville. 

Lefever, p. o., Bar.'holomew co., Iiul : 3S m. 9. by E. 
Indianapolis. 

LHKLosn, p. o., Carroll county, J/m ; 83 m. N. by E. 

Jackson. 

Leoal L.tw, p. v.. York disf.. S. Car. : 67 m. N. Columbix 

r.Eiii C'lTY, v., Utah CO., rtah Tf-r. : on the E. side of 

Jord:i--i r.. and at the outlet of Utah Lake. 104 m. N. by E. 

FiUmnre City. It is one of the Mormon settlements. 

373 



LEH 



LEN 



Leiii, p. o., Jefferson co., Ark. : S. S. E. LiUlc Kocfc. 

Leiugu comity, Penn. Situate E. middle, and contains 
821 sq. m. Drained by_ Lehigh r., which runs on its N. E. 
border, and its branches. The Blue Kidge tvcujiics the N. 
border, and parla of the county are broken — most is dchghl- 
fully varied; sail generally excellent, raisini; Une croi)S of 
i\heat, corn, rye, and oats, and feeding large (hiiries. It has 
much water-power, and its manufactures are very large. 
The chief of these is iron, which is found in abundance, 
with inexhaustible beds of coal in the vicinity. Cotton and 
woolen goods, powder, leather, stoneware, and distilled 
liquors are also made. Farms 2,074; manuf. 27U; dwell. 
5,589, and pop.— wh. 32.4-31, fr. col. 4S— total 32,479. Cap- 
ital: AUentown. Fublic Wwl's: IMiiladelphia and Dela- 
ware Water Gap E. K.; Easton aod Maucli Cliunk 11. li. 

Leuigh river, Penn,: a tril>ut:iry of Delaware river. It 
rises in Luzerne county, near "WUkesbarre-, and flows about 
101} m. to Easton. Along this river, by means of locks, 
dams, and Ciinals, a navigation is opened from Easton to 
"Whitehaven, 84} ni,, of which 30^ consist of p<»ols, 39^ of 
canal, 2i of locks, and the remainder of sluices. This forms 
a most important opening to the coal mines, to wliich rail- 
roads are continued. The river in its upper part is a rapid 
mountain stream, with many falls and cascades. 

Lehigh Gap, p. v., Carbon co., I'enii.: 74 m. E. N. E. 
Harrisbnrg. The Leiiigh r. here passes through the Blue 
Mounlain, which rises about 1,200 feet above the clianuel 
on either hand, and forms a spectacle of great grandeur. 
"Water cement is made in the v. from limestone found here. 
A few miles distant are 3 hloomeries and a charcoal forge, 
wiiieh together make 220 tons of bars i>er annum, mostly 
from the magneetic ores of New Jersey. 

Lkhigutox. p. v., Carljon co., Penn. : oti Lehigh r., 7G 
m. N. E. Harrisburg. A bridge crosses tho river. In and 
near the v. are 2 bloomery forges, producing lb tons of bars 
per annum, and a charcoal furnace of 2,000 tons capacity. 

Lkuman, t. and p. o., Luzerne county, Penn.: 82 m. 
N. K. by N. Harrisburg. Drained by Lehman's, Harvey's, 
and olher creeks, which furnish fine mill-sites. Surface 
much broken, and soil good. EaiTuing and grazing are the 
principal pursuits. 

Lbicbsteb, t and p. v., "Worcester co., Mass. : 46 m. "W. 
Boston. It lies on the highest land between Boston Harbor 
and the Connecticut, and has many hills, from which de- 
scend branches of Chicopee, Quinnebaug, and Blackstonc 
rivers, affording numerous mill-seals. Surface very uneven, 
and soil deep and ft- rtile. It contains m.iny exceUent farms 
and large dairies and orchards. "Woolen and cotton goods 
are largely manufactured, and macliinery of various kinds, 
cards, combs, chairs, cabinet-ware, farming imi>lements, 
boots and shoes, etc. The Western R. K. hjis a sla. in the 
E. part 9 m. "W. Worcester. The v. is on a hill command- 
ing an extensive and charming view, is beautifully laid out, 
and contains a celebrated and well-endowed academy, in- 
corporated 1n 17S4, a bank, several hotels, stores, and work- 
shops, and many elegant mansions. Pop. of t. 2,269. 

Lkicertee, t. and p. o., Addison co., Verm. : 38 m. S. W. 
Montpelier. Drained by Otter cr. and its br.inches. Great 
Trout Pond, a large sheet of water, lies partly in it on tlie X. 
S^urface l>roken, and in the K. mountainous ; soil, except in 
Iht.' liighest parts, a ferlile windy loam, wilb some clay fiats. 
The Uulland and Buriington i;. B. crosses the W. part along 
OUer cr. Pop. 596. 

Leightoh, p. v., Lawrence «o., Ala. : 171 m. N. N. "W. 
Montgomery, The Memphis and Charleston K. K. passes 
here. 

LEiGirroN'e, p. c, Yalabuaha co., Mh.^. : 118 m. N. by E. 
Jackson. 

LEionroN's Cobn£bs, p. o., Carroll co., A'. Jlamjy. : 85 m. 
K. E. Concord. 

Lkipeu's FoKK,p. 0., Williamson co., Tenn. : on > branch 
of Uarpetl r. so called, 22 m. S. S. W. Nashville. 

I^u-ERSviLLE, p. v., Delaware co., Penn.: about 1 m. 
273 



from Delaware r^ S4 m. E. by S. Harrisburg. A canal, 2 
m. long, leads through it from stone quarriee on Kidley'a cr. 
to the Delaware. '^ 

Leii'Sic, p. v., Kent co., i)tf?. ; on Little Duck cr., 7 m. 
N. Dover. 

LEII'SIC, p. Ot Putnam co., Ohio : 95 m. N. W. by N. 
Columbus. 

Leistville, p. T., Pickaway county, Ohio: 2^3 m. S. 
Columbus. 

LErrEKSBimo, p. v., Washington co., Md.: 2 m. E. of 
Antietam cr., 77 m. N. W. Annai)oli5. Pop. 293. 

Lelanau county, Mich. Situate N. W. on Lower Penin- 
sula, and contains 6S7 sq. m. Bounded ^V. and N. by Lake 
Miehig.in, and N. E. by Grand Traverse Bay, and drained 
by Butsie r., and other small rivers flowing into the lake. 
Surface in parts low and marshy, with bold bluffs on the 
lake shore and liills farther back. It lias numerous ponds 
tilled with tine ftsh, and Is well timbered, the last being the 
the chief atlraclion, as the co. is little settletL Ir includes 
Great aud Little Manilou islands, which have a beautiful 
appearance on the water, and are resorted to for hunting 
and fishing. Unorganized in 1850. 

Lelaxd's Mill, p. o., Sauk co., Wise 

Lemingtox, t. and p. o., Essex county, Tei-m, : on the 
Connecticut, 67 m. N. E. Montpelier. Drained by several 
smaU streams, on one of which is a beautiful cascade of 50 
feet. Surface mountainous, and mostly incapable of culti- 
vation. Pop. 187. 

Lemon Place, sla., Lancaster co., Penn.: 12 m. E. of 
Lancaster, on the Columbia and Philadelphia!:. E. 

Lemost, p. v., Cook coimty, JU.: 167 m. N. E. by N. 
Springfield. 

Lempster, t. and p. c, Sullivan co., K JTdmp. : 33 m. "W. 
Concord. Drained by heads of Cold and Sugar rivers, 
which supply water-power. Surface uneven, and in the E. 
mountainous; soil best adapted to grass. It contains sereral 
small manufactories. Pop. 906. 

Lenawee county, Mich. Situate S. E., and contains 738 
sq. m. Drained by Eaisin r. and ita branches, Macon and 
Little Eaisin rivers, and Bear, Wolf, and Evan's creeks, and 
N. and S. branches of liaisin r. ; and W. by Tiffin's or Bear 
cr. of the Maumee. Surface mostly undulating — in the N. 
somewhat hilly ; soil a black, sandy loam, free from stone, 
and very prolific of wheat, corn, oats, and grass— a superior 
farming or gracing co. The S. is well timbered. In the 
N. W. are several large ponds or lakes, the largest being 
Michemanetuc, or Devil's Lake, Wamplcr's and Evans's, 
aud the CO. is abundantly supplied with excellent water- 
power, and has extensive manufactures. Marl is abundant, 
aud good iron ore is found. Wheat, corn, live-stock, beef, 
and pork are leading exports. Farms 2,470; manuf l.'jG; 
dwell. 4,892, and pop.— wh. 20,252, fr. col. 90— total 26,372. 
Capital : Tecumseh. PahUc Works : Michigan Southern 
P. R. ; ^Erie and Kalamazoo E. E. ; Tecumseh Branch 
Bail road. 

Lenn'8 Creek, p. o., Eanawha county, Virg. : 137 m. 
W.N. W. Eichmond. 

Lenoir county, A^ Car. Situate S. E., and contains 355 
sq. m. Intersected by Neusc r., and drained by Moekasiu 
and Trent rivers, and smaller l>rani-hcs of it. Surface 
niorfly level or slightly uneven ;yoil on the streams rich, but 
back of them sandy and much less fertile. Corn Is the chief 
crop; wheat, cotton, sweet potatoes, and, in the marshes, 
rice, arc suiJcessfuUy cultivated. It has considerable excel- 
lent pine limber and some water-power. Farms 362 ; manuf. 
17 ; dwell. 702, and pop.— wh. 3,567, fr. col. 145, si. 4,116 — 
total 7,52-^. (<:/>/?.// ; Kingston. PuUic TTori* ; Goldsboro' 
and Newberu K. R. (projected). 

LuNoivu p. v., and cap. Caldwell co., K. Car.: 1G6 m. 
W. by N. Raleigh. It contains a court-house and jail, and 
several dwellings. 

Lenoik's, p. o., Eoane county, Tenn,: 141 m. E. by S. 
Nashville. 



LEX 



LER 



Lenox, t, p. v., and cap. Bt-rksiiire eo.. Jfafis. : 115 vn. W. 
Boston. Draini-ii by Ilousatnuic r., wliicli floMs on its E. 
border, and affords some water-power. Surface checkerod 
with rnirgeti iiills and lovely Talleys. and soil very produc- 
tive'. It iias rich di"|iosi(.s of iron ore find quarries of beauti- 
ful marble, holh of which are wmu^lit, but is chiefly a 
farming town, the attractive scenery nf which has made it 
the favorite retreatnf genius, native and foreisrn,and a sum- 
mer resort of Uie 'heauty and fashion of the land. The v. is 
neatly built on elevated ground, and contains a court-house, 
jail, an aoa'ieniy. fi_iunded in 1S03, and many elegant man- 
sions. The Housalonic R. K. passes along the river, au<i 
Lenox sta. is ft m. S. of Pittsfleld. Pop. of t. l,r)llS. 

Lenox, t. and p. o., Madison co.. X. V. : los m. W. N. W. 
Albany. Drained by Oneida, Canaseraga, C'owaseon, and 
Chittenaogo creeks, flowing into Oneida Lake, its X. 
boundary. It is a large t, and has an extensive swamp in 
the X. The surface is mostly level, and soil adapted to 
wheat, anrl very fertile. It contains an academy, and sev- 
eral manufaetories. The Syracuse and Utica U. K. aiul 
Erie Canal cross the town. On the latter is the v. of Lenox 
Basin, where are .several stores and warehouses! 27 m. K. 
of Syracuse. Pop. of t T.M". 

Lbxox. t. and p. o., Ashtabula eo., Ohio: 101 m. N. K. 
Columbus. Drained by branches of Grand r. Surface un- 
even, and soil generally good. Pop. 7.31. 

Lenus. t. and p. a., Susquehanna co., P^mi. : 112 in. 
N. E. by N- Uarrisburg. Drained by Tunkhannock and 
Martin'screi.'ks. Surface r«ugh, and soil adapted to pastur- 
age. Timber is largely exported. The Lackawanna and 
Western R. E. crosses the W. part, 

Lenox, L and p. o,, M'Comb co., Mich. : 87 m. E. Lansing. 
Draineii by branches of Clinton and Saline rivers. It is well 
limbered, and has a salt spring in the S. part. Pop. 054. 

Lenox Castle, p. o., Kockingham co., jV; t\ir. ; 73 m. 
N. W. by W. Kaleigh. 

Lenox Fuenace, p. c, Berkshire co., 3f<tss.: IIG m. W. 
Boston. 

LENOs\nLLE. p. v., Susquehanna co., Penn. : IIG m. 
N. E. by N. Uarrisburg. 

Leo, p. o., Alien co., Lid.: 12S m. N. E. by E. Indian- 
apolis. 

Leo, p. 0., Washington co., K. Car. : 119 m. E. Kaleigh. 

Leo, p. o., Habersham county, Gu. : lu7 m. N. by W. 
Milledgeville. 

Leominster, t. and p. v., Worcester co., 3fnsx. : 37 ni. 
W. N. W. B'lston. Drained by branchf*s of Nashua r., on 
which are many fine mill privileges. Surface moderately 
uneven, with no large hiUs ; soil clayey and mostly of ex- 
cellent quality — on the large streams are extensive meadows. 
Rich rock alum is found. Farming and grazing are the 
chief occupations ; but numerous and various manufactories 
are operated. Paper, cabinet-ware, boots and shoes, combs, 
chairs, harnesses, carriages, and mechanics' tools are made. 
The V. contains an academy and several stores. The 
Fitchburg R. II. and Fitebliurg and Worcester R. R. pass 
through the t. The station of the latter is 9 m. S. of Fitch- 
burg. Pop. of t 3.121. 

L£0N county. Flor. Situate N. middle, and contains 9^5 
sq. m. Drained by LUIte and Ocklockony rivers, which 
bound it W., and St. Mark's r., all flowing into .\ppalacliee 
Bay. Surface moderately uneven, with low marshes in 
parts, and largely covered with a growth of pine: soil 
various — much is very fertile. It has large ponds or lakes 
a. the N., but its streams are small, though furnishing many 
jnill-seats. C-otton is the great staple, and is rais^-d in very 
large quantities. Com and sweet potatoes yield well, and 
some sugar is made. Farms 356: manuf. ir»; dwell. 737. 
and pop.— wh. 3,1S3, fr. coj. 46, si. S.2''3— total 11.432. 
Capital: Tallahassee. J'uhHc WorK-^: St. Marks and Tal- 
lahassee R. R. 

Leon county, 7*^. Situate E. centrally, and contains 
1,1S4 sq. ra. Bounded W. by Navaaolo r., a branch of thr 



Brazos. and E. by Trinity r. Drained W. t)y Birch and 
Deer creeks: E. by Alligator, Buffalo, Upper and Lower 
; Keechi. Leona, and Boggy creeks. Surface undulating — in 
[ the E. are hills of gentle :iscent. but no great elevation : soil 
' on the Nava.soto and Trinity a 'leep Inam. variously mixed 
I with sand and clay, and of great fertility— in the S.. between 
the rivers, are sau'Iv ridges. Corn and cotton proiiuee great 
crops, and most of the grains thrive. It is als<") a fine grazing 
CO.. and many cattle and horses are sent to market. On the 
Trinity are dense forests of excellent timber, but a large 
portion is prairie, dotted over with post oak grove.s. The 
Trinity is a large stream navignble for light drnn steam- 
boats, and the Xavasoto is bnalabie in most seasons. Farms 
151 ; manuf. 5 : dwell. 231. and pop.— wh. 1,325, fr. col. 0, si. 
621— total 1,946. Caplhd: Leona. 

LF.0N,t. and p. o.. Cattaraugus co., N. T. : 27? m. W. by?. 
Alltany. Drained by Conewango cr., on which are numer- 
ous .«a\v-mills. Surface generally level; soil sandy loam. A 
good farming t Pop. 1,:340. 

Leon, p. o., Madison county, Tir^.: 7S ni. N. W. 
Richmond. 

Lb"N, p. o., Ashtabula co., Oiiio: 152 m. E. Columbus. 

Lrona, p. v., and cap. Leon co., Tex. : about midway 
between Xavasoio and Trinidad rivers. 121 m. N. K. by E. 
Ausiin City. It is in a rolling and soniewhat sandy region, 
but sparsely settled, and containsa court-house, jail, and 150 
inhabitants. 

Leonaudtown, p. v., and cap. St. Mary's co., Md. : on 
the E. side of lirilton's Bay, a small l)rnneli of the Potomac, 
46 in. S. by W. Annapolis. It contains a court-house, jail, 
academy, several stores, and 350 inhabitants. The "St. 
Mary's Beacon'' is published weekly. 

Leona rdsville, p. v„ Madison co., K. Y, : on Unadilla 
river, SI m.W. by N. Albany. It contains several mills and 
400 inhabitants. 

Leoni, t. and p. o., Jackson co., 3fich. : 36 m. S. S. E. 
Lansing. Drained by he^ids of Grand river, flowing from 
numerous ponds within it. and furnishing mill-seats. Sur- 
face undulating, and soil rich loam, producing large crops 
of grain. The Michigan Central R. K. crosses the N. part. 
Pop. 290. 

Leonidab, t and p. o., St. Joseph's county, 3fic7i.: on 
St. Joseph's river, 59 m. S. W. by S. Lansing. Drained by 
IJi'ar and Pine creeks; soil a ti*rtile prairie. Pop. fi5S. 

Lnopoi-n, p. T., Perry co., Iiid. : about 7 ra. from the 
Ohio. 114 m. S. by W. Indianapolis. 

Le Ratsvtlle, p. v., Jefferson co., 2^. Y.: 142 ni. N. W. 
Albany. 

Le RATSTiLt.E, p. v.. Bradford co.^Penn.: lOOm.N.N.E. 
Ilarrisburg. It contains an academy, several stores, and 
300 inhabitants. 

Lk Rov, p. v., M'Lean county, 11!.: 53 m. N. E. by E. 
Springfield. 

Lr Roy, t. and p. v., Genesee co., .A': Y. : 226 m.W. by N. 
Albany. Drained I>y Allen's cr., which afl"ords great water- 
power. Surface mostly level; soil sandy loam, and exceed- 
ingly productive of wheal and other grain. The Buffalo, 
Corning, and New York R. R. crosses it. The v. is on the 
creek, which falls 125 feet within 2 miles, and is largely 
engaged in manufacturing flour, oil, and leather. It is 
m(»slly I>uilt of stone, and contains a bank, an academy. 25 
stores, several large flouring mill', and about 2,000 inhab- 
itants. The *'L. Gazelle," and ■'Genesee Courier" (both 
whiff), are published here weekly. Pop. of t 3,472. 

Le Rov, p. o., Medina county, Ohio: 89 m. N. E. by N. 
Columbus. 

Le Roy. 1. and p. o.. Dodge county, "BV^c. .* 56 m. N. E. 
Ma.lison. The t. has fine land in the E., but the W. is a 
portion of the great Wiimebago Marsh. Pop. 397. 

Lb Pov. I. and p. o.. Bradford county, Petjn. : 91 m. N. 
Harrtsburg. T)raineii by Towanda creek and its branches, 
which move numerous saw-mills. Surface uneven, and soil 
guod : woolens arc manufactured, and lumber exported. 



LER 



LEW 



Le Kot, L and p. o., Ingham co., J/to/r. ; 19 in. E. S. E. 
Lansing. Drained by Cedar r. and its brandies. It has a 
fertile soil, and is well supplied wiUi timber and mill-sites. 
Pop. 254, 

Ljcslie, t. and p. v., Ingham co., Mic/u : 21 m. S, by E, 
Lansing. Drained by a branch of Graml r. Surliice level, 
and snil finely adapted to grain. Pop. 673. 

Le SouitnsviLLE, p. v., Butler co., Ohio: S9 m. ^V. S. W. 
Columbus. 

Lesskr Cross Eoads, p. o., Somerset co., 2C. Jer. : Sim. N. 
Trenton. 

Lessley, p. o., Benton co., Mo. : on Beaver creek of the 
Osage, 63 m. W. S. W. Jefferson City. 

Lester's District, p. o., Burko co., Ga. : &4 m. E. by S. 
Milledgeville. 

Lestehville, p. o., Reynolds co., Mo. : on the E. side of 
Big Black Water r., !)S m. S. E. Jefferson City. 

Letaet Falls, p. v., Meigs co., Ohio: on the Ohio r., 92 
m. S. E. Columbus. 

Letcher county, Kij. Situate S. E., and contains 805 
sq. m. It has the Cumberland Mountains on the S. E., and 
gives rise to the Kentucky r., by small head streams of which 
it is drained — Boone's, Carr's, King's, and Line Fork creeks. 
Surface broken, with tine mill-streams in parts, and many 
rich bottoms. Soil generally very fertile; com and oat5 
grow finely, and the i)aatures are excellent, feeding many 
cattle, horses, and sheep. Pork is the principal exj)ort. 
Farms 843; manuf. 0; dwell. 416, and |>op.' — wh. 2,440, fr. 
col. 10, si. 62— total 2,.'>12. Capital: Whitesburg. 

Letoueii, p. o., Harlan co., Ki/. : lOT m. S. E. Frankfort. 

Letciierville, p. v., Greene co., III. : 4S m. W. S. W. 
Springfield. 

LETiMUHRvuiE, p. V., Marion county, Ohio : 49 m. N. 
Columbus. 

Lettf-u a No. 2, t. and p. o., Oxford county, 3ffi. : 61 m. 
TV. by N. Augusta. Surface elevated, and mostly coTered 
■witJi heavy timber. It is little cultivated. Pop. 108. 

Letter B, t. and p. o., Oxford co., Me. : 66 m. "W. N. W. 
Augusta. Lake Umbagog occupies the N., and its affluents 
afford abundant milt privileges. Soil fertile; lumbering is 
the chief business. Pop. 1T4. 

Lev ANNA, p. v., Cayuga co., 2\^. Y. ; on the E. side of 
Cayuga Lake. 156 m.W. by N. Albany. It has a steamboat 
landing, and contains a flouring mill, several warehouses, 
and 400 inhabit:inta. 

Lbvanna, v.. Brown co., Ohio: on the N. bank of the 
Ohio r.. opposite Dover, 92 m. S. S.W. Cohimbus. Pop. 174. 

Levant, t. and p. v., Penobscot eo., M^^.: 59 m. N. E. 
Augusta. Drained by Kendnskeag r., -which crosses the E. 
part, and its branches. Surface uneven, and soil fertile. 
The V. is* on the r., which turns several mills. Population 
of 1 1,&42. 

Levant, p. v., Chautauque co.,^. Y, : on Couewango cr., 
2ST m. W. by S. Albany. 

Levthe, p. 0., Montgomery county, JTy. : 62 ra. E. by S. 
Frankfort. 

Level, p. o., Richland dist, JS. Car. : on Rice cr., 12 m. 
N. by E. Columbia. 

Level, p. o., "Warren county, Ohio: 74 miles W. S. W. 
Columbus. 

Level Green, p. o., Giles county, Virff. : 164 m. "W. 
Richmond. 

Levkntvorth, p. v., and cap. Crawford co., I)td. : on the 
Ohio. 107 m. S. Indianapolis. It has a fine landing, and an 
extensive trade with the interior. In the^ vicinity is the coal 
region, and ship timber is abundant. It contains u court- 
house, several stores, and 000 inhabitants. 

LEVERErr,!. and p. v., Franklin co.,JlA7,w.;74ra.'W. by N. 
Er.slon. Drained by aflluenta of the Connecticut, which 
furnish power for small mills. Surface uneven, with large 
fertile meadows, and superior pasture land. Farming and 
grazing form its great inturests. but timber is plenty, and 
much maple sugar is made. Wooden-ware, leather, and 
874 



woolens are manufactured. The Amherst and Belcher- 
town E. R. passes through it. Pop. 94S. 

Levering, p. o., Ivnox eo.. Oh. : 43 m. N. by E. Columbus. 

Levebingtun, p. 0., Philadelphia county, Pen». ; 92 m. 
E. by S, Ilarrisbiu-g. 

Levi, p. o., Jackson co., Ohio: 78 m. S. S. E. Columbus, 

Levy county, /'/or. Situate on the neck of the peninsu- 
la, W. side, and contains 7TS sq. m. Bounded N. "W. by 
Suwanee r., and S. by Withlacoochee r., between wliicb 
Wakasse, Wakasassa, and Ten Mile creeks empty into Wa- 
kasassa Bay. Surface low and level, and covered exten- 
sively with swamps abounding in heavy timber, with occa- 
sional dry elevations. Soil, when tillable, verj- rich, pro- 
ducing abundantly com, cotton, and serai-tropical fruits 
and melons. Farms 0; manuf. 0; dwell. 64; and pop. — 
wh. 320, St. col. 0, si. 145— total 465. Capital : Wakasassa. 

Lewes, p. v., Sussex eo., Del. : 33 m. S. 8. E. Dover. It 
contains an academy, several stores, and 350 inhabitants. 

Lewis and llEuonoTH, bund., Sussex ca, Del. : at the 
mouth of Delaware Bay, with the Atlantic on the E. and 
Rehoboth Bay on the S. Has a level surface, sandy soil, and 
an area of 35,030 acres. The Delaware Breakwater is on 
ila N. coast. Pop. 2,015. 

Lews county, Ky. Situate N. E., and contains 316 sq. m. 
Bounded N. by the Ohio, and drained by ita affluents, Salt 
Lick and Kinnieonink creeks, and North Lick, a branch 
of Licking r. Surface uneven, and soil fertile. Com and 
wheat arc staple cereals. It has good pastures, and raises 
consiilcrablo pork for export, lln the N. copperas, lime- 
stone, and fine clay for fire-brick and stoneware are found. 
Farther S. are the >Esculapian Springs, a celebrated water- 
ing-place, and salt-springs are found. Farms 651 ; manuf. 
21 ; dwell. 1,223, and pop.— wh. 6,869, fr. col. 11, si. 322— 
total 7,202. Capital: Clarksburg. Publdo Works: Cot- 
ington and Ohio I*. E. 

Lewis county, M". Situate N. E., and contains 519 sq. m. 
Bounded E. by the Mississippi, and drained by "Wyacondar., 
and N., Middle and S. Fabius rivers, and Taylor's fork. 
Surface rolling or slightly uneven. Soil highly productive, 
affording excellent grass and grain lands ; raising lai^e crops 
of com and wheat, and good tobacco, and feeding numer- 
ous cattle and sheep. It has fine mill streams, abund.iace 
of timber, and growing manufactures. The forests furnish 
mast for great numbers of swine, and pork is a largo article 
of export Bituminous coal, salt springs, and lead, exist 
abundantly in parts. Farms 44S; manuf. 15; dwell. 905, 
and pop.— wh. 5,364, fr. col. 8, si. 1,206— total 6,5TS. Cap- 
iUd: Monticello. 

LEw^8 county, K.' Y. Situate N., a little E. of Lake On- 
tario, and contains 1,122 sq. ra. Drained by Black r. and its 
tributaries. Beaver r., Indopendenee r., Otter cr., and Mooso 
river, all E., and several minor ones W. ; S. W. by Salmon 
river of Lake Ontario, and Fish cr. of Lake Oneida, and N. 
by Indian r. and W. fork of Oswegatehie r., flowing into the 
St, Lawrence. Surface in the E. hilly, rising from Black 
river toward the moiintains E. of it; W. rolling, with fre- 
quent lulls, and an inclination to the W. and S. ; on Black r. 
are broad alluvial flats. Soil various ; the bottoms are very 
fertile; the rest a gravelly, s.andy, or clayey loam, produces 
well under good cultivation, and is especially fitted for past- 
ure. The E. has largo forests of pine, spruce, hemlock, 
beech, maple, and ash. Froni the maple much sugar is 
made. Farming and gr.izing are the chief pursuits. Pota- 
to<?s, o:ils, wheat, and barley, the chief crops, and the pro- 
duce of the dairy very largo. The streams afford water- 
power almost without limit, but it is little used. Flour, lum- 
ber, leather, and woolen goods are the chief manufactures. 
Wool, butter, and cheese, the chief exports. W. of Black r, 
fine limestone abounds. Superior iron ore is found in abun- 
dance, and lead ore in smaller quantities. Farms 2,374; 
manuf. 67; dwell. 4,624, and pop.— wh. ^.524. fr. col. 40— 
total 24,564. Capital: Martinsburg. Puhlic. Works: Black 
River Cajial ; Saratoga and Saokelt's Harbor E. E., etc. 



LEW 



LEW 



Lewis county, Oregon-. Situate N. W., and covers an 
area of about Sii.OOO sq. m. It has the British Possessions 
and Slrait of Juan de Fuca on the N., the Pacific on tlie W., 
and extends S. to the Columbia, with Pacific Co. oociii)ying 
the corner N. of the lower part of that river. Tlicre are 
several inlets from the ocean around it; Shoalwaler Bay, 
Gray's Harbor, II<wd'3 Channel, Puget Sound, and Admi- 
ralty Inlet, into which flow streams of considerable length, but 
of difficult or impossible navigation. These are Chikoclis r. 
of Gray's Harbor, and its branches, M' Kenzio's Fork, New- 
aukum. and Skukumcbuck rivers; and Tenalquit or Shute's 
and Nisqually rivers, with others of Puget's Sound. It is 
deficient in harbors, except in the Straits of Fuca, the inlets 
and mouths of the rivers being obstructed by shifting sand- 
bars, which render their entrance uncertain and hazanloufl. 
The rivers abound in fine fish, particularly salmon, and fish- 
ing is extensively pursued, furnishing the natives and recent 
emigrants with a large share of their food. The coast 
abounds in all varieties of shell-fish, which are Uikcn in 
great quantities, and furnish an important article of diet. 
Whales are often eauglit off the shore, and even in the 
straits of Fuca. Surface broken by spurs of the Cascade 
Mountains, and much varied. There are dense forests in 
all parts of excellent timber, pine, fir, spruce, wliite and red 
oaks, ash, cedar, and maple. Soil various, from a brown 
loam to a thin vegetable mold, and generally productive 
of all kinds of grain, com excepted. The climate is raild^ 
snow seldom remaining longer than a week together, ex- 
cept in the most N. and elevated parts, and free from ex- 
tremes of heat or cold. This county is little settled, but is 
scoured by hunters in search of the abundant game and 
fine furs it produces. Coal is found on the t^hiUoelis and 
Cowlitz rivers in abundance. In ISSO it had — Farms 55; 
manuf. .3; dwell. U(5, and pop.— wh. 457, fr. col. 101— total 
55S. Capital: Montlcello. 

Le\vis county, Tenn, Situate W. middle, and contains 
337 sq. m. Drained by Buffalo and Duck rivers, branches 
of Tennessee r., and their affluents. Surface iileasantly di- 
versified; soil fertile. Com is the staple. Wheat and to- 
bacco grow well, and there is much good griizing land. 
Pork is largely ex-ported. Farms 304; manuf. IS; dwell. 
599, and pop.— wh. 3,697, fr. col. 5, 8l. 736— total 4,438. 
CopiUil : Newburg. 

Lewis county, Virg. Situate N. W., nod contains 603 
sq. m. Drained by heads of E. and W. forks of Mononga- 
hela r., and branches of Little Kanawha r., Leailing. Sand, 
Stone, Coal, and French creeks. Surface elevated and 
much broken ; soil generally very productive, raising good 
crops of wheat, com, and potatoes, and furnishing excellent 
pasture. Large numbers of cattle and sheep are reared, 
an<l wool and pork are exported. It has fine mill streams, 
and many small manufacturing establishments. Coal and 
Iron are found. Farms 67S; manuf. 27; dwell. 1,533, and 
pop.— wh. 9,6-21, fr. col, 42, sU 3GS— total 10,031. Cnjntal: 
Weston. 

Lewis, p. c, Vigo county, Ind.: 67 miles W. S. W. 
Indianapolis. 

Lewis, t. and p. o., Essex co., X. T. : 113 m. N. by E. 
Albany, Drained by Boquet r. and its branches. Surface 
mountainous in the W.. in the E. more even. Soil generally 
goo<l, and everjTvhere heavily timbered. It is rich in irfui 
ore, and contains several forges, and numerous mills for 
sawing lumber. Pop. 2,058. 

Lewis, t. and p. o., Brown co., Ohio : on the Ohio, S3 m. 
8. W. by S. Columbus. Drained by "White Oak and Easle 
creeks. Surface somewhat uneven, and soil very fertile. 
Pop. 1,997. 

Lewtsberrt. p. v., York co., Penn, : 8 m. S. Harrisburg. 

Lewis BOROUGH, L and p. o., Westchester co., K. Y. : 95 
m. S. by E. Albany. Drained by branches of Croton r., its 
W. boundary. Surface uneven, and soil sandy loam of good 
fertility. A farming town. Pop. 1.G09. 

Lewkburg, p. v.. and cap. Conway co., Ark. : on tUo left 



bank of Arkansas r., 37 m. N. W. Little Rock. It has a good 
landing, a court-house and jail, and 200 inhabitants. 

Lewisbukg. p. v., Cass co., Jitd.: on the N. bank of Wa- 
bash r., 66 m. N. Indianapolis. The Wabash and Erie Canal 
passes through the v., S m. from Loganspi.rt. 

Lewisbitrg, p. v., Preble county, Oh. : SI m. W. by 9. 
Columbus. 

LEWisfltjBG, v.. Champaign county, O/i.: 51 m. W. by N. 
Columbus. Pop. ii02. 

Lewisburg, p. b., Union co., Penn.: on the rijiht bank 
of Sus<-iuehanna r., just below the mouth of liufl'alo en, 43 
m. N. by W. Harrisburg. A short branch emssing the river 
connects it with the W. branch divisi'in of the Pennsylvania 
Canal. It has a brisk trade in farming products, and con- 
tains an academy and about 20 stores. A college was found- 
ed here by the Baptists in 1^9. and in 1$51 had 5 instructors 
and 46 students. Three newspapers are published, " Der 
Cliristliche Botschafter," a religious semi-monthly, in Ger- 
man, and the "L. Democrat'' (dem.), and "L. Clironicle" 
(independent), weekly. Pop. 2,012. 

Lewisburg, p. v., and cap. Marshall co.. Tenn.: near a 
branch of Duck r., 4;3 m. 3. Xastiville. It is the centre of a 
rieh corn region, and contains a cnurt-hou.se, jail, several 
stores, and 300 inhabitants. 

Lewtsburg, p. v., and cap. Greenbrier co., Mrg.: 162 
m. W. by N. Kichmond. It contains a court-house and jail, 
two academies, several large stores, and about 1.000 inhab- 
itants. Within a few miles are the celebrated White and 
Blue Sulphur Springs, which arc reached through the v., 
a:id add much to its other attractions. The ^*L. Chroniclo" 
is issued weekly. 

Lewir' I'ork, p. o., Wilkes co., K. Car. : on a branch of 
Yadkin r. so called, 162 m. W. N. W. Kaleigh. 

Lewispotit, p. v., Hancock co., Kt/. : on the 9. bank of 
the Ohio, 112 m. W. by S. Frankfort. It contains 3 stores, 
30 houses, and 250 inhabitants. 

Lewis' Store, p.o., Spottsylvania co., Virg. : 47 m. N. by 
W. Kiihmond. 

Lewistox, Virg. See Lunenburg C. Ti. 

Lewiston, t. and p. v., Niagara eo., A'i }'. .• on the E. side 
of Niagara r., 273 m. W. by N. Albany. Surface generally 
level; soil calcareous or sandy loam, and mostly fertile. 
The Roehester, Lockport, and Niagara Falls R. II. passes 
through it, and a branch extends to the v. The v.. at the 
head of steamboat na\igation, 7 m. from Lake Ontario, has 
a g<wd landing and constant communication, and an exten- 
sive trade with most of the lake porLs. A terry connects it 
with Queenstown, and railroads leading west It contains 
an aeademy, about 20 stores and waruhouses, and 1,000 in- 
habitants. Pop. of t. 2.933. 

Lem'lston, t. and p. v., Lincoln co., Me.: on the E. side 
of Androscoggin r., 2S m. S. W. Augusta. The I. stretches 
along the r. about 13 m., and has a fine soil, which is well 
cultivated. The leading interest is mauufactures, and cen- 
tres in the v., on the r., which de.seends about 50 feet in 15 
rods. A dam has lieen thrown across it. and almost unlim- 
ited water-power obtained. Large cotton-mills are built, 
and it bids fair to become one of the large manufacturing 
places of the Union. A britlge, 1,000 feet long, connects it 
with .\uburn, on the opposite side. The An<lrosroggin and 
Kennebec R. R. passes it, 33 m. from Pnrlbmd. The"L. 
Falls Journal" (neut.) is published weekly. Pop. oft. 3,5&4. 

Leavistown, p. v., and cap. Fulton co., Pf. : about 4 m- 
from Spoon r., 4'5 m. N. W. Springfield. It contains n court- 
house, jail, high sehcxil, and about l.Mn inhnttanL«. 

Lewistown p. v., Logan co., O/i.: on the E. side ot 
Miami r., 56 m. N. W. by W. Columbus. 

Lewistown, p. b., and cap. Mifllin co., Penn. : on the N. 

side Juniata r, at the mouth of Kisheoquil er., 43 m. N. W. 

by W. Tlarrisbur*;. It is regularly laid out, with a square 

in the centre, mntaining the court-house and otlif^r co. buitd- 

I iniri. It also contains an academy, 25 stores, a furnace of 

I 1,300 tons capacity, and a forge producing 500 lon-i of blooms 

87d 



•» 
LEW 



LEX 



per annum. In the vieinily are mineral springs, and a fur- 
nacp of l,tiOO tons cnpaoily. The "L. Gazelle" (whig) and 
"True Democrat" (dem.) are publislied weelvly. The Penn- 
sylvania Canal passes through il, S3 ni. fn»m IloIIidayshurg, 
and the Kasttru division of the PenuBylvania R. It., tJl m. 
from Ilarrisburg. Top. 2,735. 

Leutsville, p. v., and cap. Lafayctto co., Arl\ : about 6 m. 
E. of lied r, and l'20m.S. W. Litlle liork. It i9surroun<lcd 
by rich cotton and corn plantations, and conta.iu9 a court- 
house, a few stores, and 201) inhabitants. 

Lewisville, p. v., Monroe co., Ohio: 92 m. E. by S. 
Columbus. 

LEWI9VILLE. p. v., Henry co., Iml, : on the E. side of Flat 
Eock cr., iid m. K. Indianapolis. The Indiana Central E. R. 
passes near it 

Lewbville, p. o., Chester dist, S. Car.: near Fishing 
cr., 48 fa. N. by E. Columbia. 

Lewibville, sta., Orangeburg dist., S. Car.: on the Co- 
lumbia Branch R. E., 87 ra. from Columbia. 

Lewlsville, p. o., Urunawick co., Vlrff. : G2 m. S. by W. 
Eichmond. 

Lewisvilij:, p. v., Chester co., Pe7m. : 62 m. E. S. E. 
Earrisburg. 

Lexington district-, S. Car. Situate W. contrally, and 
contains SM sq. m. Drained by N. Edisto r., its 8. W. 
boundary ; Saluda r. and its branches in the JJ., and Broad 
r, which, uniting with the Suluda, takes the name of Conga- 
ree r., and forms the N. E. boundary, and has small afflu- 
ents, which drain the central and E. portions. Surface di- 
versified, Willi moderate swells, and a few considerable 
elevations. Soil generally of good quality, producing cotton, 
com, who.1t, and polatttes largely, and furnishing pasture 
for large numbers of cattle. Some of the low lands grow 
good rice in small quantities. It has much water-power 
along its rivers, a part of which is profiuibly employed in 
manufactures. Farms S37; manuf. 40; dwell. 1,312, and 
pop.— wh. T,3o2, fr. col. 21, si. 5,667— total 12,930. Capital; 
Lexington. 

Lexington-, p. o., Lauderdale co., Ala.: about 8 m. E. 
Blue M'ater creek of the Tennessee, 1S4 miles N. by W. 
Montgomery. 

Lexington, p. v., and cap. Oglethorpe co., Ga. : 59 m. N. 
Milled geviUe. It contains a coui't-house, jiiil, a well-endowed 
academy, a public library, 20 stores, and 3tK) inhabilants. 
The Athens branch of Georgia R. R. passes a little W. of 
the v., 17 m. from Athens. 

Lexington, p. v., M'Lean co.. III. : about 2 m. N. of 
Mackinau cr., 74 m. N. E. Springfield. 

Lexington, p. v., and cap. Scott co., /»</. : 81 m. S. S, E. 
Indianapolis. It is connected with Madison by a plank- 
road, and contains a court-house and 1,1S9 inhabitants. 

Lexington, p. city, and cap. Fayette co., A'y. .' on Town 
branch of Elkhorn r., 24 ra. E. S. E. FrankforL Lat. 3(3° 6' 
N.. and long. 84"^ IS' W.,and by railroad distant from Louis- 
Tille 05 m., from Covington 96 m., from Maysville 76 m., 
from Danville 35 m., from Nashville 1S7 m., from Savannah 
716 ra.. I'ntiu Charle9tx.^n 732 m., and from Mobile 975 ni. 
It is one of the oldest cities of Kentucky, and was formerly 
capital of the State. The city occupies a s.quare of 2 m., and 
is laid out in wide, rectangular strex-ts, the main street being 
80 feet wide, and containing many elegant buildings. There 
is a s<niare in the centre of the city, upon which is the mark- 
et-house. The public edifices are generally of brick, and 
Bubst^iiiliully buitt, as are also many of the stores and dwell- 
ings. The public buildings are the court-house, jail, and 
several literary and benevolent institutions, etc. Transyl- 
vania University is the oldest college in the Slate, having 
been established in 179S; it has departments of law and 
medicine, and every department is in a flourishing condi- 
tion. The University Hall anil Mediral CoUege are flue 
buildings. The Slate Lunatic Asylum is also located here, 
and is a noble insiimtiou. Lexington has several mauufac- 
Sories and large tobacco warehouses, and its trade witli tho 
876 



interior is extensive. It is tlie head-quarters of the Northern 
Bank of Kentucky, and there is iiUo a branch of tlie liank 
of Kentucky. The newspapers published here are the 
" Kentucky Statesman" (.dem.) and the " Obsen-er and. Ee- 
portcr" (whig), both semi-weekly issuer*, and the "Locomo- 
tive" (neutral), a daily paper. The railroads diverging from 
Lexington are the Xx)uisville and Lcfxington Ii^01., the 
Frankfort and Lexington li. K., the Covington and Lexing- 
ton li. i;., the Maysville and Lexington K. It., the Lexington 
and Danville K. K., etc. There arc also several turnpikes 
diverging from the city. About li m. S. E. of the City 13 
Ashland, these.it of the late lamented statesman, Hon. Henry 
Clay, and there are many otliers in the vicinity which give 
tone and ch&racter to the country. Lexington was settled 
about 1779 ; incorporated by the Virgraia Legislature ia 
1782, and was chartered as a city in 1S31. Pop. 9,1S0. 

Lexington, t and p. o., Somerset co., J/".?..- 51 m. N. N. "W. 
Augusta. It h.Ts several ponds flowing into Seven Mile 
branch of Kennebec r., and affording fine mill-eeats. Sor- 
face uneven ; soil fertile. Timber forms the chief source of 
wealth. Pop. 538. 

Lexington, t. and p. v., Middlesex co., Mafis. : 10 m. 
N. W. Boston. Drained by branches of Shawsheen r. 
Surface pleasantly varied, with many hills and extensive 
meadows; soil of medium quality, rendered higldy pro- 
ductive by skillful cultivation. It is principall)- a farming 
t., with excellent gardens and orchards, bnt manufactures 
boots and shoes, cabinet-ware, farming and mechanical im- 
plements, carriages, cte. The v. contains an ac.idemy and 
about 75 houses and stores, neatly arranged around a pleas- 
ant green. Uere was fought, on the 19t,h of April, 1775, the 
first action of the American Revolution. A tasteful monu- 
ment, erected by the State, marks the spot and commemo- 
rates the valor of the first victims. The v. is 11 ra. from 
B<»aton, on the Lexington and West Cambridge Branch of 
tiie Fitchburg E. E. Pop. of t 1,894. 

Lexington, t. and p. v., St. Clair county, 3lich. : 105 m, 
E. N. E. Lansing. Black r. crosses the W. part and Lake 
Huron lies on the E. It is well timbered, and lumbering 
is the chief business. Pop. 1,176. 

Lexington, p. v., .ind cap. Holmes co.. Miss. : on Black 
cr. of the Yazoo, 54 m. N. by E. Jackson. It comprises a 
court-house, jail, several hotels, stores, and small manufae- 
faclories, and a pop.^of 600. Two weeklies are published, 
the " L. Advertiser" (whig), and '' Equal Eights'' (dem.) 

Lexington, p. t., and cap. Lafayette co., Mo. : about 1 m. 
S. of the Missouri, 9S m. W. N. W. Jefferson City. It con- 
tains a court-house and jail, an academy, a bank, several 
large stores, and 2,202 inhabitants. Two newspapers are 
published, the "L. Weekly Journal" and the ''Western 
Missouri Express." 

Lexington, t. .ind p. v., Greene co.. IT. F. .* 45 m. S. W. 
Albany. Drained by Schoharie cr., on which are many 
saw-mills. Surface much broken by the Catskill Mountains; 
soil generally good. Timber is abundant, and fanning ex- 
tensively carried on. Pop. 2,2C3. Hallcott is a new to^vn, 
set oir from Lexington in 1851. 

Lexington, p. v., and cap. Davidson CO., N. Cai'. : about 
1 m. W. of Abbot's cr. of the Yadkin, 97 m. W. by N. 
lialeigh. It contains the county buildings and several stores, 
and is on the lino of the N(prth Carolina Central R. B. 

Lexington, p. v., Eichland co., Ohio: on Clear fork of 
Mohiccan cr.,whicli Ikis a good fall here, 51 m. N. by E. 
Colinnbus. It contains several stores and mills, and 500 in- 
habilants. The SHudusky, Mansfield, and Newark B. E. 
passes through it 9 m. from Mansfield. 

Lexington C. H., p. v., and cap. Lexington disL, S. Car. : 
on a branch of Saluda r.. 12 m. W. Columbia. It contains 
a court-lionse, jail, an academy, several fine stores, and 300 
inhabitants. A Lutheran Theological Seminary was found- 
ed here in 1^^.35, and in 1&50 had 2 instructors, 10 students, 
20 alumni, and a library of 2,000 volumes. 
Lexington, p. v., and cap. Henderson co., Tenn. : at tho 



LEX 



LIB 



head of Beech r.. 92 m.'W. S. W. Nashville. Great num- 
bers of hogs are fatted in the vicinity of ihe v., which con- 
tains a courl-hmi3e, jai!, an academy, sereral mills and 
stores, and Sl)0 iiihabilanls. 

Lexington, p. v., and cap. Rockbridge co., Vir{/, : on 
the W. side nf N«.rtii r., 107 m. W. by N. Richmond. It 
lies on a higli bank of the river, and contains a coiirt-lionse, 
jail, an academy, a female seminary, 15 stores, and 1,7;33 
inlial)itanls. Washington College was founded here iri* 
179S nnd liberally endowed by George Washington. In 
1850 it had i; instructors. 6'I0 alumni, 4*2 of whom were min- 
isters, 50 slud.-nts, and a library of 5,000 volumes. The 
Virginia Military Institute, mo<Jeled after that at West 
Point, was located here in 1S39, and in 1^50 had 6 instruct- 
ors, 107 alumni. 120 students, and 2,000 volumes in its li- 
brary. The " L. Gazette" ^vhig), and '* Valley etar" (dem.), 
are published weekly. 

Lesis(.ton. p. v., Clatsop co., Oreff. Ter. : on the W. or 
left bank of Willamette r., 49 m. N. by E. Sahnn. 

Leyden, t. and p. v., Franklin co., Ma^s. : 84 m. W. X.W. 
Boston. Drained by Green r., a branch of UcLTfleld r., on 
which arc fine mill-sites. Surface mountainous, and soil 
adapted to grazing. Large numbers of sheep and good 
dairies are kepi. On Green r. is a narrow ravine, inclosed 
by high rocks, called the " Glen," or " Ghor," which attracts 
many visitors by its wildness and beauty. Pop. of t. 716. 

Leyden, p. v., Cook county, lU. : 179 m. N. N. E. 
Springfield. 

Leyden, t. and p. o., Lewis co., 2^. T. : 104 m. N. W. by W. 
Albany. Drained by branches of Black r., which forms its 
E. line, and falls 03 feet before leaving the town. Surface 
hilly, and soil a fertile sandy loam. A large farming town. 
The Black Kivcr Canal passes down the river to the falls. 
Pop. 2.253. 

Leyden, p. o.. Rock Co., Wise. : S. E. Madison. 

Ijbbkty county, Gu. Situate S. E. on the Atlantic, and 
contains 759 sq. ni. Drained N. E. by Little Cannowehee r. 
and T.iylor's er., E. by Newport and Midway rivi-rs, and 
W. by Beard's and Doctor's creeks and Altamaha r Sur- 
face levt'I, and in parts low and marsliy; soil mostly of 
great fertility near the water-courses, with poorer land at 
a distance from the shore. Cotton is the staple. St, Cath- 
arine's Island forms a part of the county, and raises sea- 
island cotton of a superior quality. Corn and potatoes 
produce largely, and the marshes on tlie coast and some of 
the creeks raise much excellent rice. Cattle are reared in 
large numbers, though the grains do not succeed. It has 
TOluable forests of pine, hickory, and live oak. Farms 244 ; 
manuf. 4; dwell. 860, and pop.— wh. 2,002, fr. col. 16, si. 
5,905— total 7,926. Capital: Hinesville. 

Liberty county, Tkr. Situate S. in E. part, and contains 
2,746 sq. m. Trinity r. flows S. through the middle ; on the 
N. E. is Big Sandy cr., and farther S. Pin Island bayou, 
both afTucnls of the Neches; S. E. are Oyster and East 
Bay bayoux, flowing into East Bay; and W. it is drained 
by E. fork of San Jacinto r. and Cedar bayou, flowing into 
Galveston Bay, which, with the Gulf of Mexico, forms its 
S. boundary. Surface level, with scarcely a noticeable hill ; 
soil of various fertility— in the S. a thin, black mold, resting 
on sand and .shelLs ; in the N. the mold is deeper, and fre- 
quently has a pubstratum of yellow loam; on the Trinity is 
rich bottom land, often overflowed, and exceedingly pro- 
ductive. The S. is a grassy plain destitute of trees, and 
adapted to grazing. The N. is prairie, with lines of wood 
on the streams, ami is excellent cotton land. The Trinity 
is a large stream, aliout 30 yards wide and 10 feet deep, and 
navigated by steamers through the county and a consider- 
able distance N. of it. Farms 149; manuf. 1; dwell. 812, 
and pop.— wh. 1,623, fr. col. T, si. S92— total 2,522. Cajntal: 
Liberty. 

Liberty, p. v., Adams co.. III. : 76 m. W. Springfield. 

Liberty, p. o., Jackson county, ^Za. ; 165 m. N. by E. 
Montgomery. 



Liberty, p. t., and cap. Union co., Ind, : 62 m. E. by 8; 
Indianapolis. It contains a court-house, jail, academy, and 
979 inhabitants. 

Liberty, p. v., .ind cap. Casey co., Ky. : on Greene r., 
here a small stream, 59 m. S. Frankfort. It cnntains a 
court-house and jail, several stores, and 2(10 inliabiiants. 

Liberty, t. and p. o., Waldo co.. Me. : 22 m. E. Augusta. 
St, George's r. rises from a large pond in the N., and 
Muscongus r. flows from the S. part. Surface uneven, and 
sttil adapted to grass. Pop. 1,116. 

Liberty, t. and p. o., Jackson co., 3lich. : 42 in. S. by E, 
Lansing. Surface undulating, and soil productive of all the 
grains and grasses. Pop. S91. 

Liberty, p. v., and cap. Arail6 co., J/m. ; on a branch 
of Ainit6 r.> S2 m. S. S. W. Jackson. It contains a court- 
iKiuse and jail, and 200 inhabitants. 

Liberty, p. v., and cap. Clay co., Mo. : about 8 m. N. of 
the Missouri, 1:M m. W. N. W. Jefferson City. It has a con- 
venient landing on the Missouri, and carries on an extensive 
trade with the back region. It contains a court-house and 
jail, 3 academies, several large stores, and SOO inhal)ilanls. 

Liberty, t. and p. o., Sullivan co., A'. 1'; 7S m. S. W. 
Albany. Surface elevated and hilly, giving rise U^ Collikoon 
and Mongaup creeks of the Delaware, on wbieli are nu- 
merous saw-inilis; soil gravelly loam. Lumber is a large 
export. Pop. 2,612. 

Liberty, p. v., Montgomery co., Ohio: 71 ra. W. by 3. 
Columbus. 

Liberty, t. and p. o., Tioga co., Penri. : 92 m. N. by W. 
Ilarrisburg. Drained by branches of Pine and Lycoming 
creeks, which turn many saw-mills. Surface rough, and 
grazing is tlie chief business. Iron and coal are found. 

Liberty, p. v., De Kalb county, Tmn.: on a branch of 
Caney fork of Cumberland r., 44 m. E. by S. NasliviUe. 

Liberty, p. v., and cap. Bedford co. V/rff. : on a branch 
of Otter r.. 112 m. W. by S. Richmond. It contains a court- 
house and jail, several stores and small manufactories, and 
SOO inhabitants. It is on the Virginia and Tennessee R. R., 
25 m. from Lynchburg. 

Liberty, sta., Alleghany co., P^nn. : on W. division of 
Pennsylvania R. R., 5 ra. from Pittsburg. 

Liberty, p. v., and cap. Liberty co., 7kr..* on the left 
bank of Trinity r, about 30 m. from its mouth, 174 m. 
E. by S. Austin City. It has a good landing, and steam- 
boatH touch here on their way from the interior to Galveston, 
which is 70 m. S. of it. The vicinity produces fine cotton. 
The v. contains a oourt-house and 200 inhal'iuants. 

Liberty, p. o., Racine co., TTwe. ; 74 m. E. S. E. Madison. 

Liberty, p. c, Washita co., Ark. : 91 m. S. by W, Uttle 
Rock. 

Liberty Corner, p. o., Somerset co., AT J. : about 1 m. 
from Dead River, a branch of the Passaic, 30 m. N. by E, 
Trenton. 

Liberty Corners, p. o., Crawford co., Ohio: 63 m. N. 
Columbus. 

Liberty Falls, p. v., Sullivan co., K T. : 81 m. S. W. 
Albany. 

Liberty Hall, p. c, Warren co., Ohio: 72 m. W, 8. W. 
Columbus. 

Liberty Hall, p. o., Newberry dist, .SI Oar. : 46 m. N, "V^. 
Columbia. 

Liberty Hall, p. o., Washington CO., Tirg.: 246 m, 
W. S. W. Richmond. 

Liberty Hill, p. o., Dallas county, AUi.: 61 m. W, 
Montgomery. 

Liberty Hill, p. v., New London co., Conn.: In the It 
part of Lebanon, 32 m. E. by S. Hartford. 

Liberty Hill, p. o., Pike co., Ga.: 56 m. TV, by 33^ 
Milledgeville. 

Liberty Hill, p. o., Iredell co., IT.Car. : near Booth Tad- 
kin r.. HV> m. W. Raleigh. 

Liberty Hill, p. o., Kershaw dIst.,S (7ar..-33 m.N.byEi 
Columbia. 

enr 



LIB 



LIG 



Liberty Hill, p. o., La Fayette co., MUa. ; 135 m. N. N. E. 
Jaqjison. 

LiitEUTY Mi'li„^, p. v., Wabash CO., TntJ. : on Eel r, S3 m. 
N. by H. Indianapolis. 

LiBEETT Mills, p. o., Orange co., Virff. : 51 m. N. W. 
Eichmond. 

Liberty Square, p. o., Lancaster co., Pejin.: E. S. E. 
Harrisljurg. 

LiBEKTY Town, p. v., Frcdorick CO., Md. : 2 m. N. of 
Linganore er., 25 m. N. "W. Annapolis. 

LiBERTYviLLE, p. V., Lake CO., lU. : on the W. side of Des 
Plaincs r., 194 m. N. N. E. Springfleld. I'op. 75G. 

LiBEHTYviLLE, p. V., Jcffcrson CO., la. ; 63 m. S. S. W. 
Iowa City. 

LlBERTYYiLLE, p. V., Susscx CO., N". Jer. ; about ,S in E. of 
Blue Mountain, 54 m. N. Trenton. 

LiBEETVviLLE, p. V., Ulstcr CO., ..V. Y. .* ou tlic Wall Kill r., 
65 m. S. by W. Albany. It contains a hotel and several mills. 

Library, p. o., Alleghany co., Pemi. ; lOS m. W. by N. 
Harrisburg. 

Lick Bka>-ch, p. 0., Parke county, Ind.: 54 m. W. 
Indianapolis. 

Lick Creek, p. v., Sangamon co.. 77/. ; on a branch of 
Sugar cr. so called, 11 m. S. S. W. Springfield. 

Lick Creek, p. o.. Rails co., Mo. : on a branch of Salt r. 
80 called, Gl m. N. by E. Jefferson Cily. 

Lick Creek, p. v.. Van Buren co.. In. ; near the branch 
of Des Moines r. so called, 59 m. 3. S. W. Iowa City. 

Lick Creek, p. o., Hickman co., Teim. : on a branch of 
Duck r. so called, 32 m. S. W. N.ishville. 

LicKB, p. o., Fannin co., Tm. : 269 m. N. N. E. Austin Cily. 



Lick Fork, p. o., Daviess oouflty. Mo. : on« branch of 
Grand r., 1.3C m. N. W. Jefferson Cily. 

LicKi.NG county, Ohw. Situate centrally, and conlaina 
G3S sq. m. Drained by l..ieking r. and its branches, Ilocky 
fork, North fork, Itaccoon cr., and South fork, which furnish 
abundance of excellent water-power. Surface elevated and 
rolling, or nearly level ; soil highly productive, aiid under 
thorough cultivalion. It is an excellent fanning, and superior 
grazing co. Wheat and corn are raised in great quantities. 
Huckwlieat grows easily, and tobacco is a profitable crop, 
and receiving increased attention. The dairies are very fine, 
and cattle and sheep are kept in large numbers. Live stock, 
beef, and especially wool and pork, are leading exports. 
Most of its water-power is occupied by extensive and 
various manufactories, in which a large capital is invested. 
Iron-ware is made,and iron ore is abundant. Farms 8,313; 

manuf.332 ; dwell. 6,6:i9, and pop wli. 38.731, tr. col. 115— 

total 8S,S46. Capital: Newark. PuUic WorkJi : Ohio 
Canal ; Ohio Central R. E. ; Columbus and Lake Erie K. R. 

Licking, p. o., Texas co., Mo. : 122 m. S. by E. Joflcrson 
City. 

Licking river, Xy. : a tributary of the Ohio. It rises in 
Floyd CO., and has a course of about 100 m., reaching its 
confluence at Newport, opposite Cincinnati. It ia navigable 
for TO miles. 

Licking river, Ohio: a large W. branch of the Mus- 
kingum, formed by the union of three principal branches 
at Newark. II furnishes extensive water-power, particularly 
by a dam at its mouth. 

LicKviLLE, p. o., Greenville district, S. Car. : 7S miles 
N. W. by W. Columbia. 



LIGUT-HOUSES OF THE UNITED STATES. 
(Names in Italics are " Floating Lights.") 



Geographical Position- 



Astroaom. Position. 



Latitude. Long'ude 
d. m. s. d. m. s. 



Character «* s 

of I £ J 

Liglil «" 

feet. 



Portland Mail 

Seguin *' 

Whitehead " 

Franklin Island " 

Wood Island " 

West Quoddy Head " 

Petit Manan " 

Pond Island " 

Burntisland " 

Libby Island " 

Monhegan " 

Owl-sHead " 

Moose Peak .- " 

Matinieus Rock " 

Pemaquid Point " 

Baker's Island *' 

Cape Elizabeth " 

Dice's Head " 

Hendrick's Head " 

Mount Desert Rock " 

Brown's Head " 

■ Marshall's Point " 

Goat Island " 

■Negro Island " 

FortPoinl. " 

- Boon Island " 

Eagle Island Point " 

• Naehe's Island " 

Bear Island " 

Baddleback Ledge " 

Little River " 

Prospect Harbor " 

Grinders I'liint « 

878 



Porllanil Head, off P. Harbor, S. side 43 

On S. i.si.'ind, off mouth of Kennebec River 43 

On W. Island, S. W. of W. entrance to Penob. Bay 4-3 
On N. en<l of F. Isl., and W. of ent. to St, George's B.'*? 

On W. Island, near enlmnce to Saco Harbor 43 

On W. Q. II.. near Eastport,& S. side enU toW. Q. Bay '44 



On S. end of P. M. Island 44 

On P. Island, W. side of entrance to Kennebec River 43 
On B. Isl., W. side of Townsend Harb., Lincoln co. 

On L. Lsland, entrance of M.achias Bay 44 

On M. Island, Lincoln co. (red and white) 43 

Off Thomaston Harb.,W. side W. ent. of Penob. Bay 44 
On Mistake Isl.. S. W. of W. ent. to Bay of Fundy 44 

On M. Rock, off Penobscot Bay 43 

On P. Point. S. W. of entrance to Bristol Bay, etc. 43 
On B. Is., off Mt. Desert, & S. of cut. to Frenchn's Bay 44 

On C. E., 8. S. E. of Portland (two lights) 43 

On D. Head, near Castine 44 

On II. Head, mouth of Shecpscot River, E. side ... 43 
On M. D. Rock, about 20 m. S. S. E. Ml. Desert Isl. 43 
On S. Fox Isl.. E. side W. enlranee to Penobscot Bay 44 

On M. Point, Lincoln co 43 

At mouth of Cape Porpoise Harbor, N. side 4:i 

S. aide of entr. to Camden Harbor, Penobscot Bay 44 
On Old F. P., above Castine — ent Prospect Harbor 

On B. Island, off York Harbor 43 08 00 70 29 00 

0:i E. Is., head of 1. an Ilaut Bay.N. E. ent. to P. B.ay 44 24 00 6S 46 00 

Off mouth of Pleasant River, E. side 14 27 00 C" ^i HO 

On B. I., one of the Cranberry !.,.■) m.N.W.B-iker's I. 44 16 Oo'cs 12 DO 
Near S. W. end of I. an Haut, E. side of ent, to Bay 43 59 00 68 36 80 
On an island .at the mouth of L. R. Harbor, in Cutler 

On Goat Island, in P. Harbor 

At Gilkey's Harbor, in Penobscot Bay 



89 00!70 17 00 
41 30 09 44 00 
57 00 '69 04 00 
52 00J69 19 00 
27 00^70 13 30 
49 Is'cG 59 00 
23 Ooi67 49 00 
45 0o!e9 46 00 



84 00 67 
44 SO 09 
03 50 69 
28 0(^17 

46 24 
48 00 
13 20 
33 86 
23 12 

47 SO 
53 00 
05 00 



53 20 
21 00 
11 00 



22 00 
IS 00 
00 00 
81 09 
49 00 
29 30 
OS 00 
11 3G| 
49 80l 

39 00 
00 80 

40 00 
13 OO 
25 00 
59 00 



Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Revol'g 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Revol'g 
Fixed 
Revol'g 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 
F.&R. 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixe<l 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed ! 
Fixed I 



SO 
168 
53 
60 
63 
90 
53 
52 
6fi} 
60 
170 
117 
53t 
S2i 
64 
C9» 
140 
116 
89 
56} 
SO 
80 
S3 
50 
90 
70 
100 
4T 
95 
63 



LIGHT-HOUSES. 



Geographtcal Position. 



BeauclKimp Tdiiit jrniiif On Inrlinn Isl.— <>nlranre to Camden Hiirhor 

Porlsmoulli i(.rNeweasllc) NMump. &. W. side of inner entrance to Porlsmouth Ihirl.or 43 03 i30 



Astr-.iiiii^. I"(i*iti.i 



d. Tu. a i Tn 



White Island (red unilwhitf) " 

■Whale's Baek (2 lights) •' 

Boston J/'K«. 

Thatcher's Island (i liglils).. " 

Baker's Island (-2 lii;hls) " 

Plnmhlslnnil c2 li?hts) " 

Cape Cod (llishlands) " 

Plymonlh ('J lights) " 

■Wigwam Point " 

Sciluate (2 lialils) " 

Kace Point " 

Lon;i Island Head " 

Ten Potind Island " 

Billinssaaie Island...* " 

Eand.vNeck '" 

L<..ng Point " 

Gloucester Point " 

SlraiLnmouth Haven " 

Marble Head " 

Ipswich (flights) " 

Gay Head " 

Clark'sPoint " 

Culterlinnk Island " 

Nanlnckct " 

Nantneket P.eacon " 

Nantucket Harbor Light " 

Cape Potre " 

Ch.alham ('2 lights) " 

Point Gammon " 

Hohncs's Ilitle " 

Tarpaulin Cove " 

Bird Island " 

Monomoy Point " 

Nobsqne Point " 

Dumplintr liock " 

Edpartown " 

Ncd'sPoint " 

Nauset Beach (3 beacons) ... " 

Mayo's Beach (Wellfleetl.... " 

Nantucket Cliff (2 beacons) . . " 

SankatyHead " 

Hyannis " 

■WiuK'sNcck " 

P.almer's Island " 

Minofs Eoclc " 

Parniet Harbor (2 lights) " 

JSmnrhjmn,' Shoe! (129 tons) " 

TitckfnmH- Sfioul " 

Ttnfjayf Sound " 

Powiri'.i nip " 

Newport Ji. M. 

■Watch Hill " 

Point -Tudilh " 

Go.al Islan.l " 

Dutch Island " 

■Wanvick Neck " 

Nayat Point " 

Block Island (2 UkIiIs) " 

Poplar Point " 

Juniper Island V-nn. 

New London Conn, 

Faulkner's Island " 

Lynde Point " 

Slonin!Zfon " 

Mori;an'»Point " 

Five Mile Point " 

BU-alford Point " 



On 'W. [.si., the S. W. island of the Isles of Shoals 



N. and E. side of outer ent^ to Porlmoulh Harbor. 



Cljaracler ". 5 
ef \li 



41 16 5« 
41 8S 00 



42 16 0? 



T(l 43 01) Fixed 90 
42 5S 0(1 ro 37 30 Itevofg ST 
iS 03 00 7u 41 00 Fixed 53 

N. side main outer entrance to Boston Harbor 42 19 41 To 68 *! Kevol'g 90 

On T. island, about 2 m. off Cape Ann 42 S3 21 TO 34 4S Fixed 90 

On B. island, S. side of N. E. ent. to Salem Harbor 42 32 12 TO 4T 2s Fixed Sli 
On P. island. S. side of entrance to Newbnryport. . 42 45 29 TO 49 05 Fixed 54 

Outside of Capo Cod— Truro 42 02 2;J TO 03 5.-) Fixed 180 

On Gurnet Point, N. side of ent. to Plymouth Ilarb. 42 00 12 70 36 21 Fixed 90 
On. Vf. Point, E. side entrance to S.ptam Harl)or. . 42 -39 43 To 41 12 Fixed 50 
On Celiac Point, N. side of ent. to S<'itnate Harbor 43 12 IT 70 m l.i Fixed 40 

On P,. Point. N. W. point of Cape Cod 42 03 41 70 16 53 

On N. end of Lon|:rI.,andS. side inner ship entrance 42 19 4S TO 5T 41 
On Ten P. Isl., in Cape Anne or Gloucester Harbor 42 35 10 TO 40 00 

(In B. Island, "W. side entrance to Wellfleet 41 61 3s TO 04 S2 

W. side of entrance to Barnstable Harbor 41 43 21 TO IT 09 

OnL. P.Sh'l.ins. C.Cod.&'SV'. sideofenl. toP.IIar. 42 01 50 70 10 60 

On G. Point. E. side of entrance to G. Harbor 42 -34 49 70 40 10 

On 8. Isian.l, N. aide of Cape Ann 43 39 41 70 35 3(5 

E. entrance of M. Harbor, S. E. si<le 42 32 03 70 50 05 

On Palclie's Beach, S. side entrance to I. Harbor. . 42 41 OS 70 4<; 17 

On Oayhead, W. point of Martha's Vineyard 41 20 54 70 60 2(5 

On C. Pt.,"W. side entrance to New Be.lfor.i Harbor 41 35 34 70 64 21 
On S.W. point C. Isl., S. of 'W. ent. to Buzzard's Bay 41 24 53 70 67 17 
On Great or Sandy Point, the N. point of N. Ishmd 41 23 24 70 03 01 

On Br.ant Point, Nantucket Harbor 41 17 24 70 05 51 

Nantucket Harbor, S. side 41 16 00 70 06 00 

N. E. Point, Martha's Vineyard 4i 25 1* 70 27 19 

Chatham Harbor, inside 41 40 16 69 57 1 

On S. side of Cape Cod, inside of ent. Hyannis Har. 41 86 35 70 16 16 

On "W. chop of Holmes's Hole Harl>rr 41 23 57 TO 36 27 

■W. side Tarpaidin Cove, Vineyard Sound 41 28 07 70 46 45 

OnB. Isl.,inBuz. Bay.E.sideofent.toSippic'nllar. 41 45 09 70 43 21 

On Sandy Point, S. extremity of Cape Cod 41 S3 35 69 59 66 

On N. point of Vineyard Sound 41 80 57 TO 39 87 

Buz. Bay,S.S."(V.,N.Bedford,&ofClnrk'sPt. Light 41 32 17 70 ,55 36 

At entrance to E. Ilarlior, Martiia's Vineyard 41 23 27 70 80 29 

Near Mattapois.sett, E. New Bedford 41 41 01 76 02 00 

E. side Cape Cod 41 51 40 69 5T 21 

Hartar Light, inside C. Cod, head of 'We\16eet Bay 42 65 00 70 02 Oo 

In Nantucket Ilarlior— 2 harbor beacons 

On S. hea.I, S. E. end of Nant. Isl. (flashes li & 3 m.) 

At entrance 11. Harbor, Barnstable eo 

On Wing's Neck, Sandwich, in Buzzarii's Bay 

On N. E. end of P. Island, in New Bedford Harbor 

On Coha.sset P.ocks. 9 m. S. E. i E. Boston 

On N. side of P. Harbor. S. end of Tower of Truro . 

(Two lamps, 12 cylindrie wleks each) 

On Cross Eip. N.W. of Nantucket (1 lamp & S wicks) 
Near " Sow and Pigs" Pocks (2 lamps, 9 wicks ca.) . 

Off Clialbam (1 lamp and 9 wieks) 

On Beaver Tail. S. point of Canonicut Island 

On W. Point. S. E. of Stonington.about2 m 

On S E. point of Narragansett Shore 

On N. end of Goat Island, Newport Harbor 

On S. end of Dutch Island 

On S. end of Warwick Neck (bay light) 

On N. Point, Provi.lcnee River (l>ay light) 

On N. end . .f Block Island 

Wiekford, North Kingston (l>ay light) 

On .J. Isl.. L. Champlain, S. side ent. to Burlington 

W. side of entrance to Eiver Thames 

On Fatilkncr's Island, offGuillord Harbor 

Mouth of the Connecticut River, W. side 

On point E. side entrance to Stonington Harbor. 
On N. side of Fisher's Island Sound, near Mystic 

Entrance to New Haven Harbor, E. siilc 

At entrance of Stratford Harbor Ul 09 03 .73 06 461 Eevol'g 

879 



69 53 16 

70 IS 01 



;0 45 



Fixed 
Fixed 
lievol'g 
Fixed 
lievol'g 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Kevoi'g 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 
F. & P.. 
Kcvol'g 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 
P.evol's 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Revol'g 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Revol'g 
F. A P. 



41 26 80 

41 IS 09 

41 21 85 

41 SO 00 

41 29 SO 

41 34 00 

41 44 00 

41 18 24 

41 35 00 

44 27 00 [73 13 00 

41 18 65;73 05 56 

41 12 SSJ72 39 46 

41 16 1372 20 

41 19 3471 54 62 

41 IS 54 71 ,59 ,54 

!41 14 52 72 .54 47 



71 24 24 
71 62 eS 
71 59 25 
Tl 19 ,50 
Tl 26 00 
Tl 29 00 
71 22 00 
71 Si 04 
71 26 40 



80 
45 
40 
40 
85 
5T 
40 
40 
40 
172 
53 
4Si 
TO 
40 

55 
70 
TO 
60 
80 
81 
3-3 
80 
43 
50 



Fixed 
BevoPg 
Pevol'g 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 



45 

83 
50 
40 
98 
78 
74 
43 
56 

3S 
63 

95 
111 
93 
T4 



LIGHT-HOUSES. 



Geu^raphital Position. 



Fairweather Island Conn, 

Norwalk Island " 

Grt'at Captain's Island " * 

Korili Dumi»lia " 

BiivUtWti Iicef{lA5 tons) .„. " 

Eel Grcm Sltoal (41 tons) ... " 

Eaton's Neck K Y. 

Execution Rocks " 

Sand's point -. " 

Old Fiuld I'oint " 

Fire Island Inlet " 

Throgg's Neck " 

Stony Point " 

Fort Tomiikins " 

Coxsackie " 

Four Mile Point " 

Saugerties " 

Stay vesant " 

Eondout Creek " 

Montauk " 

Little Gull Island " 

Plumb Island " 

Buffalo (on pier) " 

Portland Harbor " 

Dunkirk " 

Galloo Island " 

Oswego Beacon " 

Cattaraugus Beacon " 

Dunkirk IJeacon " 

Genesee (temp, beacon) " 

Bodus Bay and Beacon " 

Tibbetfs Point " 

Horse Island " 

Niagara Fort " 

Stony Point " 

Ogdensbur)3^ " 

Prince's Bay *' 

Esopus Meadows " 

Eobbin's IN-ef " 

Cedar Island " 

Silver Creek " 

Salmon Kiver " 

Eock Island Beacon " 

Sunken Eock Beacon " 

Conovcr Island Beacon " 

Cumberland Head " 

SplitRock " 

Stratford Point (100 tons) . . " 

San/iy Hook ('2?0 tons) " 

Sandy Hook (light and 2 IVns).V: Jer. 

HighlMs of NeVsink (2 lights) " 

Bamegat Shoals " 

Cape May " 

Egg Island (gas) " 

Cohanzey Creek (gas) " 

Tucker's Beach (red shades) " 

Bergen Point " 

Maurice River " 

Passaic River " 

Presque Island Pen/n. 

" '* Beacon " 

Fort Mifflin " 

Bramtywine Shoal " 

Cape Henlopen Del. 

Cape Henlopen Beacon " 

Bombay Hook " 

Mahon'sDlVh « 

MispiUion Creek " 

Cliristiana River (gas) ** 

660 



Entrance to Black Rock Harbor, Fairfield 41 OS 27 

At entrance of Nonvalk River 41 03 50 

On G. C. Island, near Greenwich PL. Fairfield eo. 40 5S 6; 
On NorlhDurnplin Island, in Fisher's Island Sound 

Off New London (I lamp, 9 wicks) 

On Eel Gra&s Shoal (1 lamp, 12 wicks) 

OnE. sideof Hunlington Bay, Long Island 40 57 09 

OfFSami's Point, L.uig Islam! Soun^i 

On Sand's Point, E. entrance to Cow Bay ]40 51 52 

On O. F. Point, N. side L. Isl., opposite Stral. Light AO 53 33 



Antronom. Posiiion, 



Lalimde. Long'ude, 
d. m. B d. m. e. 



On E. side of F. Island Inlet, S. side of Long Island 
On S. E. point of Thrt^gg's Neck, E. of Hell Gate 
On "W". side of Hudson River, below West Point. . . 
On Staten Island, W. sido of Narrows 
On the W. side of Hudson River, near Coxsackie. . 
At F. M. Point. 4 m. from Hudson, W. side of river 

At mouth of Saugerties Creek , 

Near Stuyvesant, on E. side of Hudson River, 
Oj^os. mouth of R. Cr. and ent. Del. & Hud. Canal 

E. end of Long Island 

On L. G. I., near N. E. end of L. I. S., S. side of m. enl. 
Near N. E. end of L. I. S'd, and N. of Gardiner's Bay 

At junction of Buffalo Creek and Lake Erie 

At Portland, S. E. shore of Lake Erie 

At Dunkirk, S. E. shore of Lake Erie 

On W. point of G. Island, E. part of Lake Ontario 

On end of "W. pier, at entrance of O. Harbor 

On pier, Cattaraugus Creek, Lake Erie 

Dunkirk Harbor, Lake Erie 

Entrance to port of Genesee, Lake Ontario , 

W. side entrance to Sodus Bay, Lake Ontario 

S. E. side of S. entrance to St. Lawrence River . . , 
On W. end of II. Isl., and W. of Saekett's Harbor 
Xt junction of Niagara R. and Lake Erie, E. side 

On Stony Point, E. end of Lake Ontario , 

On St. Lawrence River, mouth of Oswegatchie K., 

On Staten Island, near S. E. end , 

Opposite Esopus, W. side of Hudson Rirer , 

Off the N. end of Slalen Isl., S. W. part of N. Y. Bay 
Near N. end of Long Island, in Sag Harbor 
Entrance to Silver Creek Harbor, on Lake Erie . . . 

N. side of entrance to Port Ontario 

On R. I., one of the Thousand Isles, St. Lawr'nce R. 
On S. E., or Rush I. (1,000 isles) SL Lawrence K.. . 

On C. I (Thousand Isles), St. Lawrence River 

Near Piattsbqrg, on Lake Champlain 

Near Essex, on Lake Champlain 

Off St. Pt., on middle ground, L. I. Sound (2 lights). 

m. outside S. Hook, in 15 fathom water (2 lights). 

S. of ent to N. Y. liar, (main liglit and 2 beacons) 

On H. of N. to S. of Sandy Hook lights 

S. side of B. Inlet and N. end of Long Beach 

S. W. point of C. M. and N. of entrance to Del. Bay 
Del. Bay, N. side, nearly N. N. "\V. of Cape May. . 
■\V. side Cohangy Creek and N. side Delaware Bay 

Near Medway, between Old and New Inlets 

On a block at the end of a reef of rocks of B. point 
On the bank of M. R. Cove and S.W. side Ilays'k I, 

Near head of Newark Bay 

At entrance of Presque Island Bay, Lake Erie. . . . 



On pier in Delaware River, opposite Fort Mifflin . . 

On Brandy wine Shoal in Delaware Bay 

On Cape Henlopen, S. side of entrance to Del. B. . 

About three-fourths of a mile from main light 

N. "W. end of Bombay Hook Isle, in Delaware Bay 

On Mahon's Ditch, S. side Delaware Bay 

At mouth of M. Creek, in Delaware Bay, S. side. . 
At mouth of Christiana Etver, N. side 



40 37 4G 
40 48 15 



40 37 i 



41 04 10 
41 13 IS 

41 10 21 

42 50 00 

42 32 41 

4:3 51 00 

43 28 00 



43 12 30 
4:i 19 00 

44 09 00 

43 IS 20 

44 45 00 
40 80 22 

40 39 21 

41 02 IS 



73 13 81 
73 25 43 

73 37 59 



73 24 IS 

73 44 21 

07 41 

73 18 38 
■3 43 01 

74 03 5p 



71 51 53 

72 06 5' 

72 13 14 

73 59 00 



Cliaracter 
Lijlil. 



75 80 00 
74 13 24 



74 04 30 
72 16 06 



44 42 00 


44 12 00 


40 27 89 


40 23 40 


39 45 54 


3SS5 45 


39 10 2S 


39 20 15 


39 30 17 



42 OS 14 



73 20 00 
73 18 00 



74 nu 42 

73 59 42 

74 06 56 

74 5S 33 
5 08 56 

75 22 12 
74 17 31 



33 46 35; 75 05 3i 
Si 47 2i;75 05 44 
39 21 43 75 81 18 
39 in 13 75 24 3S 
88 56 84'7S 19 24| 
39 4S 12;T5 81 SOI 



Fixed 

Revorg 

Fixed 
Fixed 



Filed 
itevol'g 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Revol'g 
F'ixcd 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 
F'ixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Kevol'g 
Fixed" 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 
K. & F. 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 
lievofg 
Fixed 
F'ixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 



Fixed 
R. & F. 
Fixed 
nevol'g 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixpd 
Eixed 
'Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 

Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fij^d 
Fixed 
Fixed 



71 
40 
62 



184 
54 

67i 

S9i 



160 
60 
63 
471 
SO 

59 

S2 

25 

S3 
66 
62 



45 
110 

CO 

90 

243 



180 



46 



LIGHT-HOUSES. 



Eeedy Island (gas) I>el. 

Breakwater (red) " 

Fit^e FtitlMin /Jot* (195 tons) " 
Vl^per Middk Slimt (131 Ions) " 

Bodkin Isl:md Md. 

Norlh Poiut, No. 1 " 1 

" , •' "2 " I 

Thomas' Point " 

Pool's I,sl;md " 

Smitli's Ishmd " 

Cuueord I'uint " 

CovePoinl " 

Point Lookout •* 

Lazaretttt Puinl " 

Clay Island " 

Turkey Point " 

Piney Point " 

Sharp's Island " 

Greenbury Point ** 

Hooper^ iS hauls (T2i tons). . . " 

Cape Henry Vira. 

Old Point Comfort " 

Smith's Point ** 

New Point Comfort " 

Smith's Island " 

Back P.iver Point " 

Assateaque Island " 

Little Watt's Island " 

SmiWs Point (I'iO tons) " 

Oraney TsUiml (70 tons) " 

WiUovghby's Spit (400 tons) " 

7ru//^r«;)5/io»& (180 tons).. " 

mmlmmPoint{\'i5Xons)... " 

SincWs Rock (M tons) " 

rppfr Cedar Point IJ2 tons) " 

Loirer Cedar Point (72 tons) " 

Bakl Head K Car. 

Federal Point " 

Cape Hatteras " 

Pamptico Point " 

Body's Island " 

Ocracoke " 

Capo Lookout *' 

Oak Island (2 beacons) " 

Orion's Point " 

Price's Creek (2 beacons) " 

Canii)beirs Island " 

Zo"ff 5/(('(f? (145 tons) " 

S. W. pt. of n.Siioal (140 tons) " 

iTi n.! Ftet. Shoal (70 tons) ... " 

Mouth of Xfuse R. (125 tons) " 

Bra ntMand Slioal (1 25 Ions) " 

JParhor hhind (72 tons) " 

Wade's Point Shoal (76 tons) " 

Iiotmol.vi Inland (J'2 Ions)... " 

Month Roaniihi li. (130 tons) " 

Horse Shoe (72 tons) " 

Charleston (and beacon) S. Car. 

Eaccoon Key " 

Norlh Island " 

Morris' I. (2 beacon lights) . . " 

Sullivan's I. Beacon, No. 1 . . " 

" " Beacon, No. 2.. " 

St. neletia Bur (72 tons) .... " 

Tybee Ga. 

Tj-bceBeacon " 

Fig Island Beacon " 

St. Simon's Island " 

Bapelo Island " 



Geograiiliical Position. 



On Ecedy Island, entrance of Delaware Kiver 

On Delaware Breakwater 

On Sandbank off Cape Jlay (2 lights) 

N. W. of Brandy wine Shoal, near middle of Del. B. 
On B. Island, S. side ot entrancft to Patapsco Kiver 

On N. side of ent to Fat. E. and Port of Baltimore 



S. of entrance to Annapobs 

In Chesapeake Bay, N. E. of North Point,. 

In Chesapeake Bay, opposite entrance to Potomac 

At entrance of Susquehanna River 

N. side of entrance to Patuxent Kiver.. 
N. side of entrance to Potomac Kiver . . 
N. side of entrance to Baltimore Uarbor 
N. extremity of Tangier S'nd, mo'tb of Nimticoke E. 

At entrance of Elk Kiver, V,'. side 

On Potomac Kiver, E. side, 14 m. from its mouth 

Off the entrance of Choptank Kiver 

N. side of entrance to Annapolis H.arbor 

In Chesapeake Bay, E. side and S. of Hooper's IsL 

S. side of entrance to Chesapeake Bay . . 

N. side of entrance to Hampton Eoads. . 

Near the month of Potomac Kiver, S. sidi 

13 m. N. of 0. P. C. and W. side Chesapeake Bay 

N. E. of 0. Charles and of N. ent. to Chesapeake B, 

About S m. N. E. O. P. C. and S. side of ent. to B. E. 

On an isl. between C. Hen. and C. Char, on tlie ocean 

On L. W's I., E. side of C. B., N. E. of S. cut. T. S. 

S. E. of S. P. in Ches'ko B. and of m'th of Potomac 

Near C. I., "W. side of ent. to Eliz. E. and Norfolk 

S. side of entriince to Hampton Eoads 

Between mouths of York and Eappahannock Eivers 

Off W. P., N. side of entrance to Eappahannock K. 

Near said rock in Eappahannock Eiv 

t.)fr said Pt., b. the Narrows, and 44 m. b. Mt. Vernon 

Between said P. and Yate's P. above Kettle Bottom 

Near mouth of C. Fear Kiver, E. side 

On Federal Point, N. side of inlet to C. Fear River. 
On C. Hatteras, about 1 m. N. of high-water mark. 

S. side of entrance to Pamptico Eiver 

On said Island, 1} m. S. of a new inlet made in 1S47 
W. of C. Hatteras, and E. side of Ocracoke Inlet. 

Near tlie end of the Cape 

Liglita range with cban. on entering Cape Fear E. 

On W. bank of Cape Fear River 

On "W. bank of C. Fear K., mouth of Price's Creek 
On C. I., m C. Fear R., 8. W. cor. of its lower end 

On E. point of Shoal, in Pamlico Sound 

On pt. of Shoal, Pamlico S'd. W., 9 m. from Ocracoke 
4 m. N. by "ft*, of Ocracoke, & N. E. side of Eoyal S. 
Near ent, of K. into Pamlico Sound, off Marsh Pt. 

On point of Shoal in S. part of Pamlico Sound 

On II. Isl. Ear, between Pamlico and Cove Sounds 
S. side of Pasquotank Eiver, on Albemarle Sound 
Near E. I., between Pamlico and Albemarle Sounds 

Near its entrance into Albemarle Sound 

On H. S., bet'n N. in. and Price's Cr. in C. Fear E.. 
On Lighthouse IsL, and "W. of ship chan. to harbor 
On C. Eomain, 10 m. S. W. of ent. to Santee Eiver 
On S. end of N. Isl., E. side of enL to Peedee Eiv 
On M. Isl., for the overall channel to Charleston. 
Back of S. IsL, 
S. of F. Moultrie. 

Off the entrance to St. Helena Sound, etc 

N. E. end of T. I., and S. side of ent. to Savannah E. 

i m. E. light-house 

On E. end of F. I., in Savannah Kiver (red shades) 
On S. end of SL S. Isl., and N. siile ent. to tlic Sound 
On S. end of S. Isl., and N. enu to Doboy Sound. . 



(t. m. 9. 



Ctiaracter 
of 



57 75 34 44 
50175 07 03 



[■ to guide over Charleston Bar ■ 



: 87 42 



7G 25 60 
76 27 17 
76 26 64 
76 27 84 
76 16 21 
76 14 39 
76 05 4 
76 23 17 
76 19 43 
76 34 33 

75 53 60 

76 00 64 

76 22 36 



70 04 00 

76 23 12 

76 22 00 

76 21 00 

75 5-3 00 

76 21 0() 
75 21 4.'i 
70 04 OO 



69 30 

77 55 00 
'5 80 00 

■5 31 39 
75 5S 00 
74 33 00 



■9 54 12 
79 24 no 
79 01 80 

9 53 00 

79 52 65 

80 62 00 



00 81 36 00 
80181 24 00 



Fixed 

Fixed 



Fixed 



P'i.xed 



I 

s 

Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 

Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Eevol'g 
Kevol'g 
Fixed 
Fixed 



Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Revol'g 

Revol'g 
Fixed 
Fixed 
FLxed 
Fixed 
FLxcd 

1 Ip. 9 w. 

llp.llw. 

1 Ip.9w. 

1 Ip. 9 w. 

1 Ip. 9 w. 

1 Ip. 9 w, 

1 Ip. 9 w. 

1 lp.l2w. 

1 Ip.O w. 

1 lp.l2w. 

Kevol'g 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 

I Fixed 

1 lp.l2w. 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Kevol'g 
SSI 



125} 
87} 
89 
40 



100 
66 



MGHT-HOUSES. 



Geographical PuRiUon, 



Wolf's Island Beacon, No. 1. 6a. 

« « Beacon, No. 2. " ! 

Litlle Cumberland Island .... " 

Oyster Beds Deacon " 

Coekspur Island Beacon.... '* 

Ti/hee Ghanml (125 tons). ... *' 

Tyhee J. KiwU (72 tons) " 

St. Augustine Flor. 

St. John's Kiver » 

Cape Caiiiiveral " 

Cape Florida " 

Dry Torlugas " 

Sand Key " 

Key West " 

Cape St. George " 

St, Mark's " 

Peusacola " 

Amelia Island " 

Cape St, Bias " 

Dog Island " 

Egmoiit Key " 

Carysfort Jleef (226 tons) .... « 

Sey }Vest (145 tons) " 

Sand Key (140 tons) " 

Mobile Point, Ala. 

Choctaw Point " 

Sandlsland " 

Cat Island MiiS. 

Pass Christian '• 

Eound Island " 

Biioxi « 

Bayou St. John La, 

Frank's Islund •' 

Soulh-Wcst Pass (2 lights). . . " 

South Point (Gordon's Island) " 

Pleasanton's Island ... •* 

Tcbefuncia River " 

Point do For " 

Port Ponteharirain " 

Pass Mancbac (red) " 

New Canal " 

Vermillion Bay " 

Bon Fnuca " 

Chaiuk'lf ur Island " 

Proctorsville Beacon " 

MerriWa Sh^UBank (400 tns.) " 

Ship SKPlemonton (160 tns.) « 

Atckafalaya Bay (72 tons). . " 

Grand Kiver. Ohio. 

Grand River Beacon " 

Cleveland " 

Cleveland Braeon " 

Vermillion River Beacon.. .. " 

Turtle Island " 

Sandusky " 

PortClinton " 

Conm-aut River Beacon " 

Mouth Huron River Beacon. " 

Mouth Black River " 

Ashtal'Uia Beacon " 

Cedar Puiiit Beacon " 

Western Sister Island « 

Fort Gratiot Mieh. 

"Windmill Point " 

Monroe ft 

Eols Blanc " 

fiL Joseph's River. " 

db2 



E. side, near N. end W. Isl., ( brick ) 

Rnd S. S. E. of Sapelo Light ) wood f 

S. sideofent. to St. Andrew's Sound and SantUlaR. 

On Oyster Beds in Savannah River 

On a knoll con»iect**d with C. Isl., in Savannah R. 

At Martin's Industry 15 m. E. Tybee Light 

Off the knoll N. of T. Island, in Savannah River. . 
On N. end of AnastJitla I., and S. side of enl.lo St A. 
Near mouth of St. Jtihn's River, S. side of entrance 

On Caj)e Canaveral. S. S. E. of St, Augustine 

Otr S. E. point of Florida o^J on Key Biscayne 

On Bush I., one of the Westernmost of Florida Reef 
About St m. S. W. by S. Key West (destroyed 134(;) 

Key West Island, S. W. of Cape Sable 

About 2_^ m. E. of W. pass to St. George Sound 

E. side of t-nlrance to St. Mark's Harbor 

E. side ent. to P. Bay, N. W. of fort on Si. Rosa Isl. 
S. side of ent. to St. Mary's River, N. end of island 

On C. St. Bias, about 2 m. from its S. point 

On Dog Isl., E. side of middle ent. of Tampa Bay 

On Egmont Key^ entrance of Tampa Bay 

About lo E. of Cape Sable (two lamps) 



Astttmotn. Posilioo. 



Latitude. Loitg'ude 
tl. m. s d. m. a. 



31 20 00 
30 56 00 



30 18 42 
SO 44 00 
30 13 00 
30 13 40 
80 IS 55 
30 20 00 

80 03 00 
29 OS 30 
2S 53 30 
2S 59 42 



29 19 ! 



At N. W. pns.sige, near 12 m. from Key West. . . 

At San'l Key (temporary) 

E. side of entrance to Mobile Bay 

On Choetaw Point, a little S. of Mobile 

About 8 m. S. S. W. from Mobile Point 

On W. point of C. Isl., E. of ent, to Lake Borgue 
On niainlan<l, about GJ m. N. W. of Cat Island light 

On Round Island, off Pascagoula Bay 

In Biioxi village, W. of W. entrance to Biioxi Bay 
Mouth B. St. J., on L. Pontcharlrain, 5 m. N. Orleans 
On F. I., at mouth of Mississippi R., N. E. pass, N. s. 
Entrance of Mississippi River, S. W. pass, W. side 
Entrance of Mississippi R., near S. Pass, S. W. side 
E. of L. Pontcbartrain, near mouth of Pearl River 

Lake Pontchartrain, near Mndisonville 

At entranee of Tcche R. or Atchafalaya Bay 

Near E. end of railroad 

S. side m. P. M.,b. Lakes Maurepas & Pontchartrain 

Lake Pontchartrain, entrance canal 

On March Island, near S. W. enirance to V. Bay. . 

Near mouth of Bayou Bon Fnuca 

On N. end of said island 

On Lake Borgue 

At Merrill's Shell Bank tiron-boat) 

W. end S. I. Shoal, in 5 fath. water, near Dernier I. 

In AlehafalayaBay 

Mouth of Grand R.. Fairpnrt, Lake Erie 

On pier, mouth of Grand River 

CleveUmil Harbor, Lake Erie 

On pier Cleveland linrbor. Lake Erie 

On pier Vermillion Harbor, Lake Erie 

On Turtle Island, mouth of Mautnee Bay 

Near enirance to Sandusky Bay 

On Lake Krie, N. W. of Sandusky Bay 

On Lake Erie, on pier, N. E. corner of Ohio 

On Lake 1 rie. Huron co., on pier 

On Lake Erie, Loraine ro., on pier 

On Lake Erie. Ashtabula co.. on pier 

Entrance to SaUiUisky Bay (on Keeper's House). . . 
On Western Sister Ishmd. \V. part of Lake Erie. . , 

m. above outlet of Lake Huron ^ 55 OO 

Near head of Detroit River, W. side , 

W. end of Lake Erie 

N. side of Bois Blanc Island, near Mackinaw I — 

At mouth, G. side Lake Michigan (& beacon on pier)) — 



29 46 20 



81 24 80 
SI 34 00 



59 52 18 


SI 25 00 


ao 20 80 


SI 82 00 


2S 41 00 


80 05 00 


24 87 20 


82 52 22 


24 28 80 


SI 49 80 


24 82 Sir 


81 4i 30 


30 04 00 


84 11 00 


80 20 4S 


ST IT 00 


30 42 00 


31 86 80 



84 83 09 



ST 68 00 

ss 12 no 

SS 10 5s 
89 05 00 

89 10 2fi 
S3 40 00 

90 00 00 
S9 01 24 
S9 20 00 
89 OT 24 



01 83 00 



I-ight. 



81 23 00 



81 61 00 



j FLTed 
1 Fixed 
Kfvol'g 
Fixcti 
FixL'd 
1 Ip. 4 w. 
1 Ip.liw. 
Fix-fd 
Fixe<J 
Kovurg 

Fixed 
Kevor^ 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 
lievol'g 
lievol'g 
Revol'g 
lievol g 
Fixed 

1 Ip.l2w. 

1 lp.l2w. 

9lp.l2w, 

1 Ip.l2vi-. 

Revol'g 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 

Kevol'g 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 

lievol'g 
Fixed 
Fixed 

llevoi'g 
Fixed 
Fixed 

*'ixed 

1 liiiiip 

2 Ips. \ 



Teet- 



1 Ip.l2w. 


S3 


Fixed 


91 


Fixed 


•24 


Fixed 


140 


Fixed 


— 


Fixed 


.- 


Fixed 


41 


Fixed 


GO 


Fixed 


45 


Fixed 


— 


Fixed 


40 


F'ixed 


40 


Fixed 


40 


Fixed 


8T 


Fixed 


— 


Fixed 


T4 


Fixed 


— 


Fixe.l 


46 


Fixed 


112 


Fixed 


65 



LIGHT-HOUSES. 







Geognipliical Posilioa 


Astrnrom 


Pustti.iti. 


Cliaracler 
of 

Liglit. 


■= a 


Wnmes. 


LnliKiile. 


Long'ude 
tl. m. e. 


leeL 


Thimikr Bay Island 

GibralUir 


tt 

Iftd, 
III. 

WUc. 

(( 
Calif, 




42 49 33 

37 49 2*2 


ST 40 22 

122 2S 33 


Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 

Revul'g 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fix.-d 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 

1 lp.l2w. 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 

Revorg 
Fixe-i 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 

llp.9w. 
Fixed 


4."! 








40 


S. Manit"U Islaini 

New Buffalo (and Ix-aroii).. . 


N part of Lake iMiL'hi^'an 






, 


N W 8ht)re of Lake Huron 









4'', 




On Pottawottamte Island, entrance Greea Bay 


121) 


Saginaw Bay 

Clinton Iliwr 

Point aux Barques 

Detour 


— 


Mouiti of Clinton River, in Lake St. Clair 


— 


At D.. where Ihe R. Sault St. Marie enters L. Huron 


— 


Copper Harbor 

Eairle Harbor 




_- 











. 






— 






. 


Skilla^^alee Eoek 

Mdcliuaw StraiU (121 tons; 







At junction of Lakes Huron and Miclilgan 


60 


Cliieago (and beacon) 

Little Fort. 


S. hank C. River, Lake Michigan (beacon on jiicr) 
In L. F. v., S. side of r., S. W. shore L. Mioliigari 
Mouth of Milwaukie River, W. side <'f L. Michigan 
Mouth of Root River, TV. side of Lake Michigan. . 
Mouth of Sheboygan River, "W. side Lake Midiigan 
Mouth of M. River, W. side Lake Michigan 




Milwaukie (and beacon) 

Boot River (Eacine) 

Sheboygan 


— 


South Purl (Kenosha) 

Tail Point 


_ 


Near nioulh of Fox River, Green Bay 

At Port Washington, N. E. part of Green Bay 




Port Wasliingtoa 




Galrestim Bar (145 tons) 




R5 


S. side of entrance to San Francisco Harbor 


393 



Bnmsn Li'^nx-uouSES in tue bat of fcndy, etc. 



Ciipp Eiirage. — Fixed light: 161 feet above high tide. Lat. 

AfP 36'. and l.mg. 64° 46' 40". 
Quaco. — lievolvitiE: liffhls (white and red); 70 feet abOTc 

high li.le. Lat. 45° 10' 33", and Inn?. 65= SI' 51". 
St.John //«W<w.— On Parlri.l>;e l.sl:in.l. Fixed lisrht: 119 

feet above hi^h tide. Lai. 45° 14' 03". and lonsr. 66° 35'. 
St. John Ifarhor. — Beaeon t.iwer. Fixed light : 41 feet above 

high tide. I^al 45'= 15'. and long. 66= oS' 86". 
Pnint !.eprmu.—Tv,-i, llxe.l li;;hl.«. 2S feet apart: SI and .IS 

feet aliove high tide. Lat. 45= ii.S'60". and long. 66= 27' 30". 
Citnipo BellAi Mand. — Fixe.l li'^ht : 64 feet above high tide. 

Lat. 44= 5T' 40", and long. 66= 53' 65". 
St. Andrew's Point — Fixed light: 42 feet above high tide. 

Lat 45= 04' 13". and long. 67= 0.3' 4s". 
MacMns Seal Mimds.~S.aA Isl. Two fixed lights, 200 feet 

apart : -IS fl. ab.jve tide. Lat. 44= 30' 03", long. 67= 06' 10". 
Gann.et 7?oe/*.— -Kevnlving (20 seconds): 56 feet above high 

tide. Lat. 44= So' 40", anil long. 66= 5/. 
JBnjfir IsUtnd.—Wc^i part. Fixed light ; 92 feet above high 

tiile. Lat. 44= 15' 51", and long. 66= 2.)' 02". 
Annapolis G-nt.~-Y\\(^i\ light: 76 feet above high tide. Lat. 

44= 40' 5o", nnd long. 65= 47' 20". 



Bnjer Iditiid IJgTit Jieucoii.~^At 9. entrance to Weatport. 

Two white lights: 40 feet above high tide. 
Biirrington I.iglit.—On Cape Lat.mr. Kevolv'g light : 50 feet 

aljove sea level. Lat. 43= 26' 09", and l.mg. 6.5= 2S' 07". 

And the following lighta are on the outer coast of Nova 
Scotia : 

p. M, B. D. M. a. 

Pictou Harbor Lat. 45 41 SO Long. 01 29 20 

Cirn-woGui " 45 4149 " 6129 20 

G-uysboro' Harbor " 45 22 00 " 613100 

Canseau " 45 20 OO " 60 51 46 

Sidney " 46 IG 18 " 60 10 00 

Scdtnrie Mand " 46 02 17 " 59 40 00 

Louishurg riarhor. " 45 63 00 " 59 50 00 

Beaver Milmh " 44 49 00 " 62 6100 

Halifax //arbor " 44 Sii 05 " 63 35 40 

Samhro/shnul '■ 44 26 17 " 03 ,35 1<! 

Lunenburg Bay " 44 22 00 " 64 06 00 

Lirrrpool Bay " 44 0150 " 6-1 4fl 49 

Sli-elliourne Harbor " 43:37 31 " 65 16 :iO 

S,'<d /da nd " 42 23 60 " ■ 66 00 20 

XarmontA " — ** — 



LtGHTS CoRNF.RS, p. o.. WaMo CO., Me. : about 1 m. E. of 
Museongns r., 25 m. K. by S. Augusta. 
. Light Street, p. v., Columbia eo., /V»». ; on the E. side 
of Fishing cr., 56 m. N. by E. Harrisburg. It contains 2 
anthracite blast furnacas, of 2,000 tons capacity each, and 
4S9 inhabitants. 

LiGONiEB, L and p. v., ■Westmoreland county, Penn. : 



119 in. W. llarrisburg. Brained by Loyalhanna cr. and 
l.ranehes, wliich turn several large flour and saw milla. 
It is mostly a rich valley, on the W. side of Laurel Hills, 
and farming and grazing are the leading interests. The 
villag.- c.'iitains an aea.l.'iny. several stores, and a pripting- 
offi':e. whence the "Ligonier Free Press'' (neuL) is issued 
weekly. 



LIG 



LIN 



LiooNiER, p. v., Noble co., Ind,: on Elkhart r., 113 m. 
N. by E. huii;inapoIis. 

Likens, t. imJ p. o., Crawford county, Ohio: 65 m. N. 
CoIunil)Us. Drained by branches of Sandusky r. Surface 
varied, and soil adapted to grain. Pop. 1,1S5. 

LiLtsviLLE, p. o., Anson co., 2^. Car. : 9-i m. S.'W. by W. 
Ealeigh. 

Lai.ECAsn, p. v., Will county, lU.: 153 miles N. N. E. 
Springfield. 

Lima, p. o., Adama county, III. : about 6 m. E. of the 
Mississippi, 93 m. \V. by N. Springfield. 

Lima. p. v., La Grange county, Ind. : on the N. side of 
Pigeon r., 187 in. N. by E. Indianapolis. It enjoys a hirge 
trade wilh the fertile country around it by means of several 
plank-roads centering here, and contains an academy, 
eC'Veral mills and stores, and 1,!I2 inhabitants. The "La 
Grange Whig" is published weekly. 

Lima, t. and p. v., Washtenau co,, Mick.: 48 m. 9. E. 
Lansing. Drained by Mill cr. and its N. branch, affluents 
of Huron r., which supply fine mill-sites. Surface gently 
rolling, and soil excellent for wheat and corn. The 
Michigan Central R. li. crosses the N. part The v. is on 
the N, branch, and contains several stores and mills. Pop, 
of t 91-2. 

Lima, t. pnd p. v., Livingston co., K. T. : 202 m.W. by N. 
Albany. Drained by Iloneoye cr. and its branches, which 
fUrnish good mill-sites. Surface rolling ; soil clay and cal- 
careous loam, and tmder high cultivation. A superior 
farming t., with several fiouring mills^and small manufac- 
tories. The V. is not compact, but very pleasantly built, and 
contains a number of stores, and 500 inhabitants. The 
Genesee Wesleyan Seminary, incorporated here in 1S34, 
Is a large, well endowed, and flourishing institution. The 
Canandaigua and Niagara E. K. crosses the t. Pop, of t. 
2,433. 

Lima, p. v., and cap. Allen co., Ohio: on Ottawa cr., a 
branch of Maumce r., 79 m. N, W. Columbus. It contains 
a court-house and jail, an academy, a dozen stores, and 
757 inhabitants. The "L. Argus" (dem.) is published 
■weekly. 

Lima, p, t., Delaware county, Penn.: 7S m. E. by S. 
Uarrisburg. 

Lima, p. o., St. Tammany par., La.: 69 m. E. Baton 
Eouge. 

Lima, t, ami p. o., Kock co., Wise : 33 m. S. E. by E. 
Madison. Surface undulating, and soil very productive. 
The Milwaukie and Mississippi E, E, passes through iL 
Pop. 839. 

Lima, sta., Stark county, Ohio: on the Cleveland and 
Pittsburg K. K.,&3 m. from Cleveland. 

LiMAViLLE, p. v., Stark co., Ohio: 116 m. N. E. by E. 
Columbus, 

LiMUER Lost, p. o., Adams co., Ind.: on a branch of 
Wabash r.. S2 m. N. E. Indianapolis. 

LiMEi'.iCK, t. and p. v., York county, Me. : 72 m. 9. W. 
Augusta. Drained by Little Ossipee r. and a cr. flowing 
into it, which flirnish good mill-sites. Soil very productive 
of most farming staples. The v. contains a large and 
flourishing academy, incorporated in 1S12, several stores 
and industrial establishments, and a printing ofllce, where 
the '' Free Will Baptist Repository" is published weekly. 
Pop. oft. 1,473. 

LiMF.KicK, p. V. and sta,, Jc^fferson co., N". K .■ on Perch 
cr., 152 m. N. W. Albany. It contains several stores and 
800 inhabitants. The sta. is 8 m. W. of Watertown, on the 
Waterlown and Rome R. E. 

LLMEniCK, t.. p. o., and sta., Montgomery co., Penn,: on 
the left bank of Schuylkill r., 71 m. E, Uarrisburg. Surface 
varied, and soil highly productive. The Philadelphia and 
Reading R. R. passes along the r., and the sta. is 14 m. from 
Reading. Pop. of t 2.1Go, 

Limerick Riudoe, p. o., Montgomery co., Penn, : 69 m. 
£. Harrisburg. 
Sd4 



Lime Ridge, p. o., Columbia co., Penn.: 53 m. N. N. E. 
Ilarrisburg. 

Lime Rock, p, o., Litchfield co., Conn.: near Salmon cr. 
of the Ilousatonic, 41 m. W. by N. llartford. The iron 
mines ofSalisliury are in its vicinity. 

Lime Rock, p. v.. Providence co., R. I. : 8 m. N. by W 
Providence. The chief business carried on is the manufac- 
ture of lime, which employs a large capital and many hands. 
It contains a bank, an academy, and several stores. 

Llmestdne county, Ala. Situate N., and contains 549 sq. 
m. Drained by Elk r,, Moody's Fork, Swan, Pinery, and 
Limestone creeks, affluents of the Tennessee, which forma 
its S. boundary. Surface gently broken, with some quite 
low land ; soil very productive. Cotton is the leadmg staple, 
and is raised in very large quantities, tlie land being inferior 
to little in the State for its cultivation. Corn yields fino 
crops, and wheat and oats generally do weU. Pork is an 
important article of export. Its streams affird many water 
privileges, and its manufactures are considerable and rapidly 
increasing. Farms 649; manuf. 23; dwell. 1,429, and pop. 
— wh. 8,405. fr. col. 15, si. 8,063— total 16,433. Capital: 
Athens. 

Llmestone county, Tecc. Situate E. centrally, and contj^ns 
856 &i\. m. Drained by Navasoto r. and its branches, Lake, 
Plumer, Christmas, and Steel's creeks, ami Big cr. of the 
Brazos. Surface considerably broken and hilly; in the 9. 
undulating. Much of the co. is prairie, with groves of post 
oak, and the soil a deep loam of great fertility. Corn and 
cotton grow finely, and the grazing is superior. Limestone 
and sandstone are abundant, and salt springs are found. 
Iron ore in immense quantities is found in or near the hiQy 
regions ; and coal is supposed to be in tbe vicinity. Farms 
279; manuf. 0; dwell. 3S0, and pop.— wh. 1,990, fr. col, 0; 
si. 613~total 2,608. Captkd: Springfiel 1. 

Limestone, p, o., Buncombe co,, N. Car. : 22S m. W. by S. 
Raleigh. 

LiMr:sTONE, p. 0., Clarion co., Penn. : 139 m. W, N. W, 
Uarrisburg. 

Limestone, p. o,, Hamilton co,, Tenn.: 107 m. S. R 
Nashville. 

Limestone, p.'o., Cattaraugus co., H.Y.: 257 m. W, by S. 
Albany. 

Llmestone, p. T., Iroqnois co., PI. : on the left bank of tho 
Kankakee r., 131 m. N. E. Springfield. 

LiMESTONx RivEE, p. 0., Aroostoofc CO., Me.: 133 m. 
N. N. E. Augusta. 

Limestone Springs, p. o., Spartanburg dlst., S. Car. : 7S m. 
N, N. W. Columbia. 

Limestone Spkings, p. o., Greene co., Tenyi. : 221 m. E. 
Nashville. 

Limistone Well, p. c, Forsyth co., JV". Car.: 109 la, 
W, N, W. Raleigh. 

Ltmetown, p. 0., Washington co., Penn.: 173 m. W. 
Uan-isburg. 

LunNOTON, t and p. o., York co., Me.: 65 m. 3. W. 
Augusta. Bounded N. and E. by Saco r., and B. by Little 
Ossipee r,, its branch, on which arc numerous water priv- 
ileges. Surface broken ; soil very fertile, and excellent 
grain land. Incorporated in 1762. Pop. 9,116. 

Lincoln county, Ga. Situate N. E., and contains 195 
sq. m. Bounded \\.. by Savannah River, S. by its branch, 
Little r., and drained by their branches. Broad r, Fishing, 
Soap, and Loyd's creeks. Surface diversified, in parts hilly ; 
soil fertile. Cotton is the great and almost exclusive staple, 
being uni\ersally cultivated, and producing great crops. 
Com and wheat are raised with considerable success, and 
large numbers of swine are fatted. It has good mill streams, 
on whieh are several flourishing manufactories. Farms, 
273; manuf. 1.'^; dwell. 373, and pop.— wh- 2,1S7, fr. col. 31, 
sL 3,7SO— total .'>,993. Capital: Lincolnton. 

Lincoln comity. Ay. Situate E. centrally, and contains 
36S sq. in. Drained N. E. by Dick's r. and its branch, 
Ilanging Fork, affluenta of the Kentucky, and 3. and W 



LIN 



LIN 



by small affluents of Cvimberlaml r., and beads of .Grt'en r. 
Surface elevatetl table land ; soil very productive, and well 
adapted to rcarin<; caltle. Com is the staple cereal ; wheat, 
rye. and oats yield well. Particular attention is giren to 
raising cattle, horses, and sheep. Live etuek, wool, and pork 
are important exports. The streams are small, but furnish 
many mill-seats. Farms 014; nianuf. 1.17; dwell. 1,14.T), and 
pop.— wh. 6,Gy5, fr. col. 103, si. 3,3o.j— tuUal 10,093. Capital : 
Stanford. 

Lincoln county, Me, Situate S. W., and contains S'24 sq. m. 
Androsco^igin r. bounds it S. "W. ; in the W. Kennebec r. 
and farther E. Sheepseott, Damariscotta, Muscongus, and 
SI- George rivers flow through the co. into the Atlantic, 
which forms the S. boundary. In the S. are Sheepseott ami 
Muscongus bays, and E. the mouth of Penobscot Bay, with 
numerous smaller ones, which, sheltered by innumerable 
islands that cover almost the whole coast, furnish many ex- 
cellent liarhors. Surface much varied, and cut up by ponds 
and large water-com^es ; soil mostly very fertile, and supe- 
rior grazing land. Corn, barley, oats, wheat, and rje are 
grown with profit ; but the staple is the potato crop, which is 
very large, and furnishes a valuable export. Sheep are 
special objects of care, and the shearings are very large and 
of superior quality. Water-power is abundant, and the 
numufaetures of lumber, leather, woolen gooils, ironware, 
and earthenware are extensive. Large cotton factories have 
lately been built in the W., and bid fair to become its lead- 
hig interest. Its rivers are navigable for vessels of all sizes ; 
the luml>er trade and ship-buildmg are much prosecuted ; and 
its facilities for commerce are hardly equalled. It has a largo 
trade with the West Indies, and is extensively concerned in 
the coast trade and fisheries. Farms 4,9T5; manuf. 526; 
dwell. 12.176, and pop.— wh. 74,61(j, fr. col. 2o9— total T4,S75. 
Cripitals : Warren, Wiscasset. and Topsham. Piihlic Wor/cs: 
Portland and Kennebec E. K., Penobscot and Kennebec 
i:. K., etc. 

Lincoln county, J/b. Situate E, on the N. of Missouri r., and 
contains 577 sq. m. Drained by Au Cuivre r., Ua branches 
Indian cr. and Eagle Fork, and smaller affluents of the Mis- 
sissippi, which fr>rins its E. boundary. Surface generally un- 
even ; soil very fertile, and well adapted to grain and grass. 
Corn is the staple cereal. Wheat and tobacco are successfully 
cultivated. Cattle and pork are exported. The streams are 
of good size, with considerable water-power, and timber is 
plenty. Farms S49 ; raamif. 10 ; dwell. 1.239, and pop. — wh. 
7^S9, fr. col. 5. si. 2,(127— total 9.411. Capital: Troy. 

Lincoln county, K. Car. Situate W., and contains 2G9 
8q. m. Drained by Catawba and Little Catawba rivers 
and their branche-s. Surface somewhat broken ; soil of good 
fertility, (^'otton, corn, and wheat are the staples, and largely 
raised. It has fine pasture, and exporLs live st<5ek and pork. 
The streams are numerous, and afford much water-i)ower, 
a large part of which is used in manufacturing flour, 
leather, oil, and cotton goods. Farms 711 ; manuf. Ijl ; 
dwell. 1,022. and pop.— wh. 5,061, fr. col. 30, si. 2,050— total 
7,746. Cajiital : Lineolnton. 

Lincoln county, Teiin. Situate centrally on S. line, and 
contains 3.S2 sq. m. Drained by Elk r. and its branches, afflu- 
ents of the Tennessee. Surface moderately elevated, and 
somewhat hilly ; soil highly productive. Corn is the chic/ 
staple. Cotton and wheat are good crops, and pork is a viry 
large export. A fine co. for farmingor grazing, with good mill 
streams and large manufactures of flour, leather, li<jUor, 
cottons, etc. Farms 1.926: manuf. 100; dwell. 3,010, and 
pnp._wh. 17,S09, fr. col. G2, si. 5,621— total 23,492. Capital : 
Fnyetteville, 

Lincoln, t- and p. c, Penobscot co.. Me. : 9S m. N. E. by N. 
Augusta. It lies on the left bank of the Penobscot, below 
M.itakeunk r.. and has a lar^e territory of fertile soil, with 
numerous ponds, and abundance of timber. The lumber 
trade is very hea\'y. Pop. 1,353. 

Lincoln, t. and p. v., Middlesex co., Moas.: 18 m. 
"*. N. W. Boston. Drained by branches of Sudbury r., 

25 



its W. boundary, and a branch of Charles r. Surface rough 
and hilly ; soil various. It has many excellent farms, and 
a pond, much visited for its fine pickerel. Various manu- 
factures are carried on in a small way. The Fitt-liburg K. R. 
parses through it, and has a sta. about 2 m. from the v., and 
17 m. W. of Boston. Pop. of t. 632. 

Lincoln, p. o., Yazoo CO., Miiss. : on a branch of Yazoo r., 
81 m. N. N. W. Jackson. 

Lincoln, p. v., Winnebago co., III. : 182 m. N. Springflcld. 

Lincoln, t. and p. o., Grafton co., A^. I/amji.: 59 m. 
N. by W. Concord. It is very mountainous, subject to t"re- 
quent land slides, and has a sterile soil, but abouuds in 
game of all kinds, and is a favorite summer resort. Pop. 57. 

Lincoln, t. and p. o.. Morrow co., 0/iio: 34 m. N. by E. 
Columbus. The Cleveland, Columbus, and Cuaciunati li. K. 
crosses the N. W. comer. Pop. 891. 

Lincoln, t. and p. o., Addison county, T^rm..* 23 m. 
W. S. W. Montpelier. Drained by New Haven r., a branch 
of Otter cr., which supplies it with fine mill-sites. Surface 
uneven, and soil bettt-r adapted to grazing than grain 
growing. The elii\.pf wool is large, and several forges are 
successfully operated. Pop. 1,057. 

liiNCOLN Centre, p. v., Penobscot co,, Mt'. : on the left 
bank of Penobscot r., 101 m. N. E. by N. August.i. 

Ltncolnton, p. v., and cap. Lincoln co., Ga. : 73 m. N. E. 
Milled gev ill e. It contains a court-house, jail, academy, and 
200 inhabitants. 

LixcoLNTON, p. v., and cap. Lincoln co., N'. Car. : on the 
E. side of Little (or South) Catawba r., 17S m. W. by S. 
Ealeigh. It contains a court-house, 3 academies, 15 large 
stores, and about 1,000 inhabitants. Its trade is extensive, 
and near it are several mills and furnaces, producing large 
amounts of cotton goods, ironware, etc. The " Courier" and 
" Kepublican" are published weekly. 

Llscolntille, t. and p. o., Waldo co., M^. : 37 m. E. Au- 
gusta. The t. lies on the W. side of Penobscot Bay, and has 
a largo pond in the W., which, and a stream on the N. line, 
afford good water-power. It has a fine soil for grain and 
potatoes, and mani faetures woolens, leather, and lumber. 
Duck Trap in the N. E. is a g^od harbor, and the t has a 
valuable coasting trade. Pop. 2,174. 

LiND. p. 0., Winnebago co.. Wific. : S4 m. N. N. E. Madison. 

LiNPEN. p. v., and cap. Marengo CO., Ala. : on Chicka- 
saw Eogue, 9 m. E. of the Tombigbee, S5 m. W. Montgom- 
ery. It contains a court-house, jail, 2 academies, several 
large stores, and 400 inhabitants. Two weekly papers are 
published, the '"L. Free Press," and the "Alabama Argu3." 

Linden, p. o., Oopiah co., Miss. : 37 m. S. S. W. Jackson. 

Linden, p. v., and cap. Atchison county. Mo.: 249 miles 
N. W. by W. Jefferson City. It contains a court-house, 
hotel, and a few stores. 

Linden, p. v. and sta., Genesee county, A^. Y.: 231 m. 
W. by "N. Albany. The sta. is 7. m. E. of Attica on the 
Buffalo and New York City Pv. E. 

Linden, p. v., Lycoming co., Penn.: on the N. bank (rf" 
Susquehanna r., 08 m. N. by W. Harrisbura. The Penn- 
sjivania Canal passes through it 8 m. W. of Williamsport. 

Linden, p. v., Iowa co.. Wise. : on a branch of Pecka- 
lonica r., 44 m. W. by S. Madison. Mining ia the chief 
business. 

Linden, p. v., and cap. Perry co., Tmn, : 66 m. W. S. W 
Nashville. It coutaius a court-house, and a few stores and 
dwellings. 

Linden Grove. Kenton co., JTy..* the site of a fine cem- 
etery, about a mile from Covington. 

Linden ville, p. v., Ashtabula co., Ohio: 153 m. N. E. 
Columbus. 

LiNDENwooD, p. v.. Ogle county, HI: IM miles N. l^y E. 
Springfield. 

LrNDT.EY'8, p. o., Ohio CO., Ki/.: near Green r., 1.32 m. 
W. 9. W. Frankfort. 

Lindlet's rixouE, p. 0., Orange county, 2f, Car,: 87 m 
N. W. KalciglL 

885 



LIN 



LIS 



Ltndleytow^, p. v., Steuben co., K Y. : 181 m. W. by S. 
Albany. It is near Tioga r., along which the Coming and 
Blos^-iburg R. R, passes. 

Lindly'8 Mills, p. o., "Washington oo., Penn. : 1S2 m. 
"W. Harrlsburg. 

LisDSAS '8 Mill, p. o., Trigg co., Ky, : 191 m. S. W. by W. 
Franklort. 

Lindsay's TraNOur, sta., Albemarle co., Vlrg. : on the 
Virginia Central R. R., 5 m. S. W. ctf Gordonsville. 

Line. p. o., De Kalb co., PL : 107 m. N. by E. Si)ringfleld. 

Line, p. o., Fulton co., Ky. : 'iTjti in. W. S. W. Frauklbrt. 

Line Creek, p. o., Laurens district, iS'. Car. : T-J miles 
N. W. by "W. Columbia. 

Line Ckeek, p. o., Montgomery co., Ala. : 26 m. E. S. E. 
Montgomery. 

Line Ci:eek, p. o., Oktibbeha county, Miss.: 104 m. 
N. E. by N. Jackson, 

Line Lexington, p. v., Bucks county, Penn. : S3 m. E. 
Harriaburg. It contains about 100 inhabitants, and lies on 
the county line, where three towns meet in it. 

Link Mills, p. o., Crawford county, Pemi.: 207 miles 
N. "W. by W. Ilarrisburg. 

Line Mountain, p. o., Northumberland co., Pe7i/n. : 84 m. 
N. by E. Ilarrisburg. 

Line Poet, p. o., Stewart co., Tenn. : 55 m. "W. N. W. 
Nashville. 

Line Store, p. o.. Hinds county, JTi-ss. : 17 m. S. "by W. 
Jackson. The Kew Orleans, Jackson, and Northtrn R. R. 
passes here. 

LiNGLESTOWN, p. V., Dauphiu CO., Penn. : 8 m. N. N. E. 
Harrisburg. 

LiNKLAEN, t. and p. o., Chenango co., 2^. T. : 109 m. W. 
Albany. Drained by branches of Otaclic r. Surface even, 
and soil adapted to grain growing, which is the leading 
interest. Pop. 1,196. 

Linn county, la. Situate centrally, and contains 720 
sq. ra. Drained by Prairie and Cedar creeks and branches, 
and N. E. by Euffido cr, and Waijsipinieon r. Surface 
undulating, and soil very fertile, equally adapted to grain 
and grass, raising heavy crops oX corn and wheat, and 
feeding many cattle and sbcep. The streams are large, 
with considerable falls, and skirted with good timber. 
Farms 526; manuf. 23; dwell, 991, and pop.— wh. 5,441, 
fl*. col. ;^— total 5,444. Capital: Marion. 

Linn county, Mo. Situate N. niuldle, and contains MS 
gq. m. Drained by Locust, Elk, Turkey, Yellow, and Little 
Yellow creeks, branches of Grand r. Surface rolling, and 
soil generally fertile^ It has plenty of tirulKT, fine grazing, 
and abundance of mast, and exports corn and pork in large 
quantilics. Farms 429 ; manuf. ; dwell. 025. and pop.— 
wh. 3,CS1, fr. coL 0, si. 377— total 4,053. Capittd ; Linnc-us. 

Linn county, Oreg. Ter. Situate S., and con*jiins about 
18,000 sq. m. It has the Willatmitte ft>r its AV. boundary, 
and is drained by its branches, North and South Fjrks of 
Santiaui r., \\ith their affluents, Thomas, Crab Trc«, :md 
Beaver creeks, and Calupooga and M'Keiizie's forks. The 
setlled parts are betwe('n Cascade mmmtains and t^ic 
"Willamette, where the surface is but sli^hlly broken, nuA 
the valleys alluvial bottoms of great bt-auty and fertility. 
Grains, fruits, and vegetables of most kinds yield abundantly. 
The water-power is very superior, and timber of the tidiest 
kind. Farms 136; manuf. 6; dwell. 172, and pop.- 
wh. 994, fr. col. 0— total 994. CapiUil: New Albany. 

Linn, p. v., and cap. Osage co.. Mo.: at the head of 
Loose cr. of the Missouri, IS ni. E. by S. Jefferson City. It 
consists of a court-house, an academy, and several stores. 

Linn City, p. v., "Washington co., Oreg. Ter. : on the left 
bank of the Willamette, fti m. N. E. by N. Salem. It is 
situate at the extreme bend of the r., opposite to Oregon 
City, and has a great water-power, which is improved by 
several saw and flouring mills. Pop. about 135. 

LiNNEus, t and p. o., Aroostook county, Me.: 164 m. 
N. E. by N. Augusta. It has several ponds, which give 



rise to streams flowing into the St. John and Penobscot, 
An elevated surface, and a dense growth of timber. Tbe 
soil is fertile. Pop. 561. 

LiNNEUs, p. v., and cap. Linn co.. Mo. : on a branch of 
Locust cr., 102 m. N. W. by N. Jefferson City. It contains 
a court-house and several dwellings. 

Li:nn Flat, p. o., Nacogdoches Co., Teac. : 216 m. E. N. E. 
Austin City. 

Linn Grove, p. v., Adams county, Ind. : on W. side of 
Wabash r., 82 m. N. E. Indianapolis. 

Linnville, p. v.. Licking co., Ohio: &4 ra. E. Columbus. 
Pop. 188. 

LiNviLLE Crbek, p. o., Rockiugham co., Virg. : 106 hl 
N. W. by W. Richmond. 

LiNNviLLE RivKB, p. o., Burkc CO., 2^. Car. : on a branch 
of Calawba r. so called, 1S4 m. W. Raleigh. 

Linton, p. v^ Des Moines co., Ja.: 45 m. S. by E. Iowa 
City. 

Linton, p. v., Greene co., Ind. : 72 m. S.W. Indianapolis. 

LiNwooD, p, o., Cherokee county, Tex.: 184 m. E. K. E. 
Austin City. 

Lion's Beakd, p. o., Sevier -co., Ark. : 123 m. W. S. W. 
Little Rock. 

LioNviLLE, p. v., Chester <»., Penn.: 64 m. E. by 8. 
Ilarrisburg. 

Lisbon, t. and p. v., New I>>ndon county. Conn. : 36 m. 
E. S. E. Ilarllbrd. It lies chiefly between Shetucket and 
QuinnebaHg rivtTf", which unite in the S., and with their 
branches supply fine water-power. Surface uneven ; soil 
.s.indy cr gravelly loam, and excellent farming land, with 
extensive meadows on the streams. Farming is the leading 
pursuit. Cotton and woolen goods are made, and several 
kinds of " Yankee notions." The Norwich and Worcester 
R. R. i)asse8 through the E. part along the Quinnebaug. 
Pop. 937. 

Lisbon, p. v., Kendall county, lU.: 134 m. N. E. by N. 
Springfield. 

Li&uoN, t and p. o., Lincoln county, Mf. : 27 m. S. S. W. 
Augusta. Drained by Little r. and the Androscoggin, 
which bounds it S., and has fine falls here. 6 m. below 
Lewiston falls. Soil very fertile, and well cultivated. Cotton 
and woolen goods are made, and large saw-milU run. A 
bridge crosses the r. here. Pop. of 1 1,495. 

Lisbon, p. v., Howard co..Md.: on tlic Baltimore and 
Frederick turnpike, 13 m. from ElUeotl's Mills, 37 m. N. W 
Annapolis. 

LisitoN, t. and p. v., Graflon county, K. Hump. : 68 m, 
N. by W. Concord. Drained by Amniouoosuc r. Surface 
varied. In the S. is Blueberrj- Mounlain. .Soil fertde, and 
divided into alluvial meadows and strong ujilands. It is 
well timbered, makes maple sugar largely, and abounds in 
iron ore and limestone. Pop. 1.8V2. 

LisRos, t., p. o., and sta., St, Lawrence co., N. Y. : on 
St, Lawrence r., 166 m. N. W. by N. Albany. Surface un- 
dul.Tting and heavily timbered with pine, oak, and heraloct. 
Soil a fertile loam. Lumber and dair)- prudueis lu-e valuable 
exports. The sta. is 9 m. E. of Ogdensburg, un the Northern 
(Og<ien9burg) R. R. Pop. 5.295. 

Lisbon, p. o. and sta., Bedford co., Virg. : on the Virginia 
und Tennes.see R. R., 32 m. W. of Lynchburg, 121 m. W. 
l>\- S. Richmond. 

Lisbon, t. and p. o., Waukesha co., Wi.tc. : 59 m. E 
Madhnn. Drained by heads of Rock r., affording numerous 
mill-siks. Soils adaptcil to grass or graiu. A plank-road to 
Mihvaukk- pas.ses through the S. paru Pop. 1.1)50. 

Ltshon, p, o., Union co., Ark,: 106 m. 6. by W. Little 
Ro<'k. 

LmnoN, p. v., Noble co., Ind.: 119 m, N. N. E. Indiim- 
apolia. A plank-road from Fort Wayne pas.-^es through iU 

Lisbon Centre, p. o., SU Lawrence co., A''. Y. : 162 m. 
N. W. by N. Albany. 

LisuuRS, p. o., Sampson co., IT. Car. : on Black r., a 
branch of Cape Fear r., 69 m. S. by E. Euleigh. 



us 



LIT 



Lkbtjkn, p. v., Cumberland co., Perm.: on YeUow 
Breeches cr., 7 m. S. S. W. Harrisburg. It contains a char- 
coal forge, which makes 520 tons of blooms, and 30 tons of 
bars per annum. 
Lisoa's Kill, p. 0., Albany co., K Y. 
Lisle, p. t., Osage co., Mo.: on the E. bank of Osage r., 
about 3 m. Irora iU mouth, 10 m. E. by S. Jefferson City. 
Il has a fine landing, and considerable trade. 

Lisle, t. and p. o., Bnxtme co., N. Y. : 122 ra. "W. by S. 
Albany. Drained by Tioughnioga r., on which are numer- 
ous saw-mills. Surftice undulating, and soil well adapted to 
grazing. Timber is abundant. Pop. 1,GS1. 

LircHFiELD county, C<vin. Situate N. W., and contains 
SS5 sq. m. L>rained W. by Housatonic r. and its branches, 
and E. by Naugatuck and Farmington rivers and their 
branches. Surface hilly, and in parts rugged and mountain- 
ous; soil a gravelly loam, well cultivated, very productive 
of all the grains, and generally capital grazing. Large 
dairies are kept, and a large amount of wool sheared. The 
exports are butter, cheese, beef, pork, antl wool. It has an 
abundance of excellent water-power, and very extensive man- 
ufactures. Iron ore of great fineness, and a kind much sought 
after, is found in parts, and largely wrought, and a valuable 
copper mine Ues in the S. E. Farms 3,C21 ; manuf. 4S7 ; 
dwell. 8.:-21, and pop.— wh. 44,2G6, fr. col. 987— total 45,253. 
OipiUd: Litchfield. Public Jf'orA's : Housatonic It. E. ; 
Naugatuek K. E. ; Hartford, Frovidence, and FishkiU E. E. 
Litchfield, t., p. b., and cap. Litchfield co., Co7tn. ; 28 m. 
"VT. by S. Hartford. The t. hes between the Naugatuek and 
Shepaug rivers, and is well drained by their affluents and 
other streams, many of which have large water^ower. 
Great Pond occupies 900 acres, and is the largest water- 
siirface in the State. Surface elevated, and diversified by 
hills and valleys; soil generally loam, and admirably adapt- 
ed for grazing. The v. on Litchfield liiil is environed by a 
rich and glowing scenery, and is built mainly on two streets 
crossing each other at right angles, at the intersection of 
which is an elegant square. It contains a coiul-liouse, jail, 
etc., an academy, and several schools, 3 churches, 2 printing- 
offices, and about 700 inhabitants. Two newspapers arc 
published here, the "L. Enquirer" (whig), and the " L. Ee- 
publican" (dem.), both issued weekly, and circulating about 
1,200 copies each. There are several other \illages in the 
I., South Farms, Milton, etc. The t. has numerous manu- 
factures of woolens, paper, leather, iron, etc., and mills of all 
descriptions. It has also a good wholesale and retail trade, 
and is connected with the sea-board and interior by the 
Naugatuek R. E., which follows the valley of the river in 
the east border of the town. Pop. of t. 3,957. Litchfield has 
been the birthplace of many men distinguished in national 
histor;'. science, and in literature. 

■ LiTcnnELD, p. v., and cap. Grayson co., Ky.: SS m. 
W. S. "W. Frankfort. It contains a court-house, jail, acad- 
emy, and several stores. The Nashville and Louisville E. R. 
will pass through it, 

LiTcuFiELD, t and p. v., Kennebec co., 3f^. ; 12 m. S. "W. 
by S. Augusta. In the N. and E. are two large ponds, trib- 
utary to the Kennebec, which aff^ord mill-sitos. Surface 
rough in parts, and soil verj' productive of grain and pola- 
Uies. The v. is in the N., and contains several stores. Pop. 
of t, 2.1tiG. 

LiTcnFTELD, t. and p. v., Tlillsdale co., JficTi. : 47 m. S. by 
"W. Lansing. Brained by St. Joseph's and Sandy rivers, 
which furnish excellent water privileges. Surface diversi- 
fied; sft'd very productive of wheat. Sandstone and iron 
ore are found. The v. is on SL Joseph's r., and has exten- 
sive mills and a considerable trade. Pop. oft. 1,362. 

LiTcnFiixD, t, and p. o., Herkimer co., -V. Y. : 116 m. W. 
by N. Albany. Surface t)roken, and soil calcjireous loam. 
A farming town, well supplied with timber. Pop. 1,676. 

LrrcuFiELD, t and p. o., Medina co., Ohio: 95 m. N. E. 
by N. Columbus. Drained by branches of Black r. Sur- 
face elevated, and soil fertile. Pop. 1,332. 



LrrciTFiELP, t. and p. o., Bradford co., Penn.: o» the N. 
line of the St;ite, 114 m. N. by E. Harrisburg. r>rained by 
Wcposseping cr. Surface rough, and soil adapted lo graz- 
ing. It is mostly covered with One timber, which consti- 
tutes its wealth. 

LrrcuFiEU) Corners, p. o., Kenuebeo oo., Me,: 17 m. 
S. S. W. Augusta. 

LiTUGOw, p. 0., Duchess co., K. K .■ 59 m. S. Albany. 

LiTHONiA, sla., De Kalb co., Ga. : 24 m. E. of Atlanta, on 
the Georgia E. R. 

LimoroLis, p. v., Fairfield county, Ohio: 15 m. S. E. 
Columljus. Pop. 3&G. 

LiTiz, p. v., Lancaster co., Penn. : 30 m. E. by S. Harris- 
burg. It contains an academy, and about 500 inliabitants. 

LriTLE Beavee BnnxiE, p. v., Columbiana co,, Ohio: on 
Little Beaver cr., and Sandy and Beaver Canal, about 3 m. 
from the Ohio r., 13G m. E. by N. Columbus. 

Little Blue Rivkr, p. o., Shelby co., Lut. : near a branch 
of White r. so called, 2S m. E. S. E. Indianapolis. 

Little Beitaes, p. o., Orange co., N. Y. : 117 m. B. by 
"W. Albany. 

Little Cacapon, sta., Hampshire co., Virg. : on the Bal- 
timore and Ohio E. R., 21 m. E. Cumberland. 

Little Chucky, p. o., Greene couuty, Teiin.: 313 m. E. 
Nashville. 

Little CnrrrE, p. v.. Brown co., Wise. : on the left bank 
of Neenah or Fox r., 103 m. N. N. E. Madison. The r. haa 
a fall here of 32 feet in less than 2 m., and affords superior 
facilities for manufacturing. 

Little Compton, t. and p. o., Newport co., P. L : 35 m. 
S. S. E. Providence. It lies on the Atlantic, at the E. sido 
of Narragansett Bay, and has a somewhat imeven surface, 
and a very fertile and highly cultivated soil. Farming is 
the chief pursuit, and wool, live stock, and dairy produce, 
tlie staples. At Seaconnct Point, in the S. W. corner, is a 
breakwater, erected by government The t. is a favorite 
summer resort for those in search of sea-air. Pop. 1,4G2. 

Little Comi-ton, p. a. Carroll co., Mo.: on Grand r., 
SS m. N. W. Jefferson Cily. 

Little CnrEic. hund.. Kent co., Del. : extends across the 
State, bounded S. by Dover hund., ami N. by Little cr., con- 
taining 45,300 acres. Surface even, with small elevations in 
the W., and soil productive. Lumber is exported. Popu- 
lation 2.237. 

Little Creek, hun<l., Sussex county, Del. : occupies the 
S. W. corner of the State, h.is a fertile soil, well timbered, 
and numerous mill-sites. Bog-iron ore is found. Area 
Cl,<i30 acres. Pop. 3.226. 

Little Creek Landiso, p. v., Kent co., Del. : on the cr. 
so called, about y ul N. E. Dover. 

Little Delaware river, X. Y.: an affluent of ihc 
Mohawk or W. branch of Delaware r. It rises in the t. of 
Bovina, in Delaware co., and fiows W. to its confluence. 

Little Detroit, p. v., Tazewell co.^IlL: on the left hank 
of Illinois r., 6G m. N. Springfield. 

Little Eagle, p. o., Scott co., Ky. : E. N. E. Frankfort. 

Little E lku art, p. o., Elkhart co-, Ind. : 132 m. N. by E. 
Indianapolis. 

Little Falls, p. v., Passaic co., K Jer. : on the Passaic r., 
49 m. N. E. by N. Trenton. The r. here falls 83 feet, and 
furnishes immense water-power, used in extensive cotton 
factories and large iron wnrks. An excellent freestone is 
quarried here. The M<frris Canal crosses the river on an 
aqueduct. 30 m. from Jersey City. Pop. 700. 

Little F'alls, Herkimer co.. A' Y. {nee Rockton). 
■ Little Flat, p. o., Bath county, Ky. : 5S miles E. by S. 
Frankfort, 

Little Gap, p. o., Carbon co., Pmti. : 69 m. N. E. by E. 
Harrisburg. 

Little Ge>'esee, p. o., Alleghany eo., JT T. : 235 m. 
TV. by S. Albany. 

Little Geovb, p. c, Montgomery county, TsMt, : 31 m* 
W. N. "W. Nashvilio. 

tar 



LIT 



LIT 



LriTLE Gttnpowdee, p. o., Bultiniore co., Md, : on "W. 
siJe of cr. 60 called, % m. from Gunpowder r., 84 m. N. by K. 
Annapolis. 

Little Hockhocking, p. v., ■Wasbin2:ton co., Ohio : on 
the Oliio, at the mouth of the r. so called, 91 m. S. E. by E. 
Columbus. 

Little Level, p. o., Pocahontas county, Virg. : near 
Greenbrier r., 155 m. W. by K. Kicbmond. 

Little Maksu, p. o., Tioga co., P&n7i. : 107 m. N. by W. 
Harrisburg. 

Little Meadows, p. o., Susquehanna co., Penn. : 119 m. 
N. N. E. Harrisburg. 

Little Mill Ckeek, p. o., Delaware co., Ohio: 32 m. N. 
Columbus. 

Little Milis, p. o., Eichmond co., N. Oar. : 85 m. S. W. 
Ealeigh. 

Little Mcddt, p. c, Franklin co.. III. : about 1 m. E. of 
Little Muddy cr., a branch of Big Muddy r., 132 m. S. by E. 
Springfield. 

Little Osage, p. o.. Bates co.. Mo. : on a branch of the 
Osage so called, 126 m. W. S. W. Jefferson City. 

Little Pine Ceeek, p. o,, Lycoming co., Peiin.: S2 m. 
N. N. W- Harrisburg. 

Little Piney, p. o., Pulaski co., Mo. : near the junction 
of Little Piney creek with Gasconade riyer, -13 m. S. by E. 
Jefferson City. 

Little Pltmouth, p. v.. King and Queen county, Virff. : 
83 m. E. by N. Richmond. It contains an academy and 
about 100 inhabitants. 

Little Pkaieie, p. o., Crawford Co., Mo. : 47 m. S. E. by S. 
Jefferson City. 

Little Peahue, p. o., Cass county, Oa. : 132 m. N. \f. 
MiUedgevUle. 

Little Pealete, p. o., Chatahoula pariah. La. : 94 m. 
N. N. W. Baton Kouge. 

Little Peahue, p. v., "Walworth co., Wise. : 53 m. S. E. 
Madison. 

Little Praieie Rosde, p. t., Cass county, Mi*ih. : SI m. 
S. W. Lansing. 

Little Rest, p. o.. Duchess co., iVl n 

Little RrvER, p. v., Blouut co., Term. : on a branch of 
Tennessee r. so called, 257 m. E. by S. Nashville. 

Little Riveb, p. o., Columbia co., Ftor. : 91 m. E. ]iy S. 
Tallahassee. 

Little Ritee, p. o. Caldwell co., K Car.: on a branch 
of Catawba r., 149 m. W. by N. Raleigh. 

Little Riteb, p. o., Horry disU, S. Car. : on a stream of 
that name, flowing into the Atlantic, 128 m. E. by S. 
Columbia. 

Little Rfvee, p. o., Floyd Co., Virg. ; on a branch of 
New r., 171 ra. W. S. W. Richmond. 

Little River Tillage, p. v., Lincoln co., Me. : near the 
junction of Little r. and the Androscoggin, 27 m. S. S. W. 
Augusta. It contains several mills and 400 inhabitants. 

Little river : a tributary of Peedee river, and furiiis the 
boundary between North and South Carolina. 

Little river, Ey. : a tributary of Cumberland river. 

Little river, Iiui.: a tributary of Wabaah r., which it 
enters above Vincennes. 

Little river, Ga. : a tributary of the Savannah, which it 
meets 80 m. above Augusta. It rises in Oglelli<»ri)e county, 
and in its course to the E. passes through Taliaferro, and 
between Wilkes and Lincoln on the N., and Warren and 
Columbia on the S., forming their boundaries. 

Little Rock, p. v., and cap. Pulaski county, Ark.: and . 
capital of the Stale of Arkansas; on the S. side of Arkansas 
river, 300 miles above its mouth— iat. 34^ 40* N. and long. 
920 12' W.— 1,0S6 m. W. by S. Washington. It was first 
setUed in 1S29. The v., as its name implies, is situate on a 
high rocky bluff, 150 to 200 foet above the r., and is the 
first place where rocks appear above its mouth. It is regu- 
arly laid out, the streets intersecting at right angles, and 
eontains the State House and the State Penitentiary, the 



County Court-house, jail, etc., and a United Stales arsenal, 
the offices of the Surveyor General of Public Lands for the 
district of Arkansas, and a Register and Receiver's Oflico. 
It has also numerous stores and warehouses, and several 
flour and saw mills, both steam and water. It has a 
large trade with the interior, and may be considered as tho 
depfit of all the region extending far into the Indian 
Territory. Many of the churches are well built, and even 
elegant, and number some dozen, including the Catholic 
Cathedral of St. Andrew. The Catholic Bishop of the 
diocese of Little Rock, and the Protestant Episcopal Bishop 
of the diocese of Arkansas reside in llie village. There are 
several academies and schools, and in this connection it 
may be stated that the Catholics have charge of the most 
eflicient and flourishing. At Little Rock Is the head of 
ordinary steam navigation ; during high flood, however, 
steamboats ascend the river to Fort Gibson, 1,000 m. further 
up. Pop. 2,167. 

Little KftcK, p. c, Kendall co., JU. : 140 m. N. by K 
Springfield. 

Little Rock Fish, p. o., Cumberland co., 2^. Car. : on a 
branch of Cape Fear r., 59 m. S. Ealeigh. 

Little's, sta., HUlsboro' county, A". Hmn/p. : 11m. N. of 
Lowell, on Nashua and Lowell R. E. 

Little Sanduset, p. v.,Wyandott co., Ohio: ona branch 
of Sandusky river, 53 m. N. by W. Columbus. It containa 
several stores and 300 inhabitants. 

Ijttle St. Joseph river, InO.: a constituent of Maumee 
river. It rises in Ohio, and after passing thnmgh De Kalb 
and Alien counties of Indiana, joins St. Mary's r. at Fort 
Wayne — the two forming the Maumee. It is otherwise 
called St. Joseph of Lake Erie. 

Little Sandy, p. o., Morgan co., Ky. : 83 m. E. by S, 
Frankfort. , 

Little Scioto, p. o., Marion co., 07tio: 45 m. N. by W. 
Columbus. 

Little Skin Cheek, p. o., Lewis county, Yirg. : 1S7 m. 
W. N. W. Richmond. 

Little Sodus, p. v., Cayuga co., K Y. : on Little Sodus 
Bay, 161 m. W. by N. Albany, 

Little Sodus bay, Cayuga co., 2^. Y. : a small inlet of 
I^ke Ontario, about 3 m. deep and 1 m. wide. It is situate 
about IS m. E. of Sodus Bay, in the town of Sterling, and 
receives near its outlet Sodus cr. The water is deep, but a 
bar obstructs the entrance from the lake. 

Littlestown, p. v., Adams co., reim. : 34 m. S. S. W, 
Harrisburg. 

Littleton, p. v., Schuyler co., III. : 43 m. W. N. W. 
Springfleld. 

Littleton, t. and p. t., Middlesex co., Muss. : 24 m. 
N. W. by W. Boston. Drained by Stony Brook, a branch 
of the Merrimac, and Beaver r., a brauch of Concord r., 
which supply it with water-power. Surface Uneven, and 
soil generally of good quality. Superior rye and hops aro 
raised, and fine dairies kept. Various small faotorics occupy 
tlie streams, which are fed by two large ponds. A variety 
oflimrstone is quarried. The Fitehburg R. li. crosses tho 
t, and has a sta. 31 m. from B<tston. Pop. of t. 991. 

Littleton, L and p. v., Grafton co.. A". Uamp.: 76 ra. 
N. by W. Concord. The t. extends 14 m. on the Connec- 
ticut r., which, for the whole distance, has an impetuous cur- 
rent that no boat can stem, known as the Fifteen Mile Falls. 
Surface broken by numerous high hills, and soil adapted to 
gnizing chiefly. Drained S. by Ammonwisuc r., on which 
are fertile meadows; and the v., which is at the falls, con- 
tains several mills and factories. Pop. of t, 2,003. 

Littlftfon, p. o., Morris co., K. Jer. : 44 m. N. N. E. Trenton. 

LiTTLi-rrox, p. o. and sta., Halifax co., K. C<ir. : &5 m. 
N. F. by N. Raleigh. It is on the Gaston and Raleigh R. E., 
9 m. from Gaston. 

TvItti.eton. p. o. and sta., Richland disl., S. Cur.: at tho 
junction of Little and Broad rivers by the Green^-illo and 
Columbia R. U., 15 m. from Columbia. 



LIT 



LIV 



Littleton, p. o., Sussex county, Virg. : 46 m. S. liy E. 
Eichmorui. 

Little Tratebse bny, Jfirh,: in tlie N W. part of the 
Lower Pt.'ninsula. It has the best harbor N. of Grand r. 
and Saginaw Bay. The anchorage is good, and vessels 
may come wihin 1(1 feet of the shore. 

LnTLK UncA, p. o., Onondaga co., 2^^. Y. ; 126 m. "VV. by N. 
Albany. 

Lm-LE Valley, t., p. v., n.nd sta., Cattaraugus co., i\^ Y. .■ 
5S'-* nL W. by 8. Albany. Intersected by Alleghany r.. and 
drained by its branches, which furnish many mill-sites. 
Surface broken, and soil of average fertility. Timber is 
plenty. The Krie R. R. eros.'ies the N. part of the t., and the 
sta. is SS m. E. of Dunkirk. Top. 1,3S3. 

Little Woods, p. v., Kane ca, J!l, : about 3 m. E. of Fox 
r., and near the Galena and Chicago TJuioa E. E., 172 m, 
N. N. E. Springfield. 

Little Yadkin, p. o., Stokes co., K. Car. : on a branch 
of Yadkin r., US m. W. N. W. Raleigh. 

Little Yore, p. v., Warren co., UL : on 3. side of Hender- 
son's r., till m. N. W. by N. Springfield. 

Little Yock, p. o., Washington co., Ind. : 74 m. S. by E. 
Indianapolis. 

Little York, p. o., Hunterdon co., K. Jer. 

Little -Yoek, p. o., Cortlandt co., N. Y. : 126 m. W. 
Albany. 

Little York, p. v.. Montgomery co., Ohio: on the Miami 
r., 07 m. W. by S. Columbus. 

LiTWALTON, p. o., Lancaster co., Virg. : 51 m. E. by N. 
Eichniond. 

Lively, p. v., St. Clair co.. Ill : on the left bank of Kas- 
kaskia r., 105 m. S. Springfield. 

Lively Oak, p, o., Lancaster county, Virg. : 54 ni. E. 
Eiehiu'iiid. 

Live Oak, p. o.. Ascension par., Zrt. ; 26 m.S- S. E. Baton 
Rnuge. 

Live Oak, p. c, DewiEt co., Tar. : S6 m. S. S. E. Austin 
City. 

Livei:moee, p. o., Ohio county. A'//.: US m. W. S. W. 
Frankfort. 

LivLKMOKE, t. and p. o., Oxford co.. J/>. ; on tlic rigid 
bank of Androscoggin r.,22 m. W. Augusta. Soil exceUeiit, 
and large crops of wheat and potatoes are raised. The r. 
h:i'* a large descent, and moves several factories and mills. 
I'op. 1,704. 

LivEiiMORE^ p. v., Westmoreland co., Pfini.: on the S. 
side of Coneniaugh r., 127 m. W. by N. Ilarrisburg. The 
Pennsylv.ania Canal j'asses through it. 

LivEKMORE Centre, p. o., Oxford co., Me.: 34 m. W. 
Augusta. 

LrvRCMORE Falls, p. v., Kennebec co., 3Fe. : on the led 
bank of Androscoggin r., 23 m. W. N. W. Augusta. The r. 
furnishes excellent water-power, which is improved to move 
several factories, mills, and mechanic shops. The Andrns- 
cotrgiii R. R. terminates here, 20 m. from its juuelion with 
the Androscoggin and Kennebec R. R. Pop. 4S0. 

Liverpool, p. v., Onondaga co., K, Y. : on the E. side of 
Onondaga Lake, 132 m. W. by N. Albany. The manufac- 
ture of salt from the springs here is the principal busines.'i 
of the v.. and the produce in 1850 was &4S.S32 Inishela of fine 
or (ablt -salt. It is on the Oswego Canal, 5 ra. N. of its junc- 
tion with the Krie Canal at Syracuse, and contains a dozen 
stores, and about 1.000 inhabitants. 

Liverpool, t. and p. o., Medina county, 0?do: 99 m. 
N. E. by N. C^ilurnbus. Prained by Rocky r.. which fur- 
iilslif^s watiT'power. Surface somewhat broken, and soil 
fertile. Iron ore, salt, sulphur, and rock oil are found. 
Pop. 2,164. 

LivERi'OOL. t. and v., Columbia co., Ohi/) ; 132 m. E. N. E. 
Columbus. The Ohio r. flows on its S. boundary. The v. 
is situate on the r., about 50 m. below Pittsburg, and has 
^^ inhabitants. The manufacture of earthen-ware is car- 
ried on exJc.nsivcly. Pop. of t. 1,5(>1. 



LiTEP.pooL, t. and p. b., Peuy co., Penn.: on the W. 
side of Susquehanna r., 24 m. N. by W. Ilarrisburg. Sur- 
face rou^h in parl.s, with rich loamy valleys. It is well sup- 
plied with water-power and timber, and has many flour and 
saw mills. The v. is on the r., at the montli of a cr., and 
contains several stores and establishments for making iron- 

LivHUPooL, p. o., Brazoria co., Tex. : on Chooolate 
Bayou. 157 m. E. S. E. Austin City. 

I-,ivERP00L, p. v., Fullon CO., III. : on tho riglit bank of 
Illinois r., 44 in. N. N. W. Springfield. 

Livingston county, III. Situate N. E.. and contains 
1,029 sq. m. Drained by Vermillion r. of tho lllinuis and 
its branches. Surface level ; soil fertile. It consists mostly 
of extensive prairies, some of which are low and wet, with 
few streams, and little timber. It has some water-power^ 
and in parts, deposits of coal and limestone. F.irms 1^5 ; 
nianuf. 0; dwell. 261, and pop. — wh. 1,552, fr. ool. — 
total 1,552. Capital: Pontiac. 

LiYiNGSTox cou.ity, K>/. Situate W., and contains 236 
sq. m. Bounded N. and W. by the Ohio, and S. by the 
Tennessee, and intersected by the Cumberland. Surface 
pleasantly varied, and soil very productive. Tobacco is the 
fanning staple, but corn and wheat are fine crops. It ex- 
pnrls a great deal of pork, and manufactures leather, and 
agri.-ultural machinery. Farms 4S5: manuf. 13 ;* dwell. 915, 
and pop.— wh. 5,404, fr, col. 56, si. 1,118— total 6,578. Cap- 
ital: Salem. 

Livingston parish, La. Situate S. E., and contains 7S6 
sq. m. Bounded W. and S. by Amitie r. and Lake Mau- 
repas, into which it flows, and E. by Tangipahoa r, enter- 
ing Lake Pontchartrain, between which are Tickfaw r. and 
many small streams. Surface level, with extensive marshes ; 
soil fertile. Cotton, com. and rice, are staples. There are 
on some of its streams water-privileges, which are profit- 
ably employed. Farms 219; manuf. 13; dwell, 4S0, and 
pop.— wh. 2,52.^, fr. col. 20, si. S42— total 8,3S5. Capital: 
Springfield. Piihllc Woi'Ica: New Orleans, Jackson, and 
Norlhirn R. R. 

LiviNcsToN county, Midi. Situate S. E., and contains 
576 sq. m. Drained N. by heads of Shiawassee r., W. by 
hca<l3 of Cedar r., a branch of Grand r., and S. by heads of 
llnroTi r. Surface undulating. The N. is heavily timbered ; 
the S. is open land, a black, sandy, or clayry loam, and su- 
perior for grain-growing. The grain and pork are the ex- 
ports. It has numern\i3 ponds and streams, furnishing 
abundant water-power for its growing manufactures. Good 
iron ore is extensively found, and salt springs in jtarta. 
Farms 1,(U4 ; nianuf 40 ; dwell. 2.36S, and pop.— wh. 13,4^1, 
fr. c<il. 4— total 13,4S5. Copital: Howell. 

Livingston county, Mo. Situate N. W., and contains 
537 sq. m. Praineil by Grand r. and its aflluents. Medicine, 
Indian, and Shoal creeks, and Crooked Fork. Surface im- 
dulating or level ; soil fertile, well timbered, and much of it 
exerllfiit pasture. Corn is the staple product, and i)ork a 
large and the chief export. Farms 457; manuf. 2; dwell. 
n5s"ana pop.— wh. 3,933, fr. col. 6, si. SOS— total 4,247. 
Capital: Chiliicothe. 

Livingston county, K Y. Situate W. middle, and con- 
tains 503 Sii- in. Drained by Genesee r. and its branches, 
Casbaqua and Canaseraga rivers, and Conesus outleL 
Tlie la* carries to it the water of Conesus Lake, which, 
wilh Hemlock Lake, lies in the co., and both feed its tribu- 
taries. Surface elevated in tho S., an<l slopes toward Lake 
Ontario in two t^-rraces divi<led N. and S. by the Genesee, 
which (lows in a d.ep valley of 3 or 4 miles width. Soil 
very fertile; a sandy l'>ani mixed with decomposed lime- 
stone, on whirh the CO. rests, and especially adapted to 
grain. Wheat, pork, and cattle, are the great staples. Bnt- 
Ur wool, corn, and oats, are large ex-ports, and in the Gen- 
esee valU-y great quantities of hemp and flax are grown. 
It has abundant water-power, and extensive manufactures 
of fluur. paper, iron, leather, lumber, etc.. and unsur]-assed 
facilities for reaching markets in all parts of the Union- 

S89 



LIV 



LOG 



Gypsum is abundant; bog-iron ore and salt springs are 
found, and sulphur springs, long known and visited by the 
Indians, and now widely c<^lebralcd. Farms '2,50:1; manuf. 
863: dwell. 7,172, and pop. wli. 40,69u. fr. cL 1S5— toUU 
40,3T5. Citpital: Genesoo. PuhVic M'brkx: Genesee Val- 
ley Canal; Buffalo, Corning, and New York 11. K ; Canan- 
daigua and Niagara J'"all8 K. K., ete. 

Livingston, p. v., and rap. Sumter eo., .-l/a. /near Su- 
quinochee r., a branch of the Tonibigbee, lu7 in. W. by N. 
Montgomery. It wmtuiiis a court-bouse, jail, academy, and 
850 inhabitimtfl. The "Sumter County Whig" is published 
weekly. 

Ln'iMQSTON, p. v., Clark co., IH. : about 10 m. "W. of 
Wabash r., 112 m. E. by 8. Springfldd. 

Livingston, t and p. v., Livingston co., Mich. : 45 m. 
E. S. E. Lansing. It occupies high land on Woodruff's cr., 
which has a large fall, and movea several mills. Pop. 450, 
Livingston, p. c, Madison co., 3Iiss.: IG m. N. Jackson. 
Livingston, p. v., and cap. Polk co., 7kr. : on the E. side 
of Long King cr. of Trinity r., 16S m. E. by N. Austin 
City. It is surrounded by rich cotton plantations, and con- 
tains a court-house and several stores. 

Livingston, t. and p. o., Essex co., N. Jt^r. : on the E. 
Bide of Passaic r., 42 m. N. N. E. Trenton. Short Ilills or 
Second Mountains occupy the E., but the W. is more even ; 
soil of average fertility. Pop. 1,151. 

Livingston, t. and p. o., Columbia co., 2^. K; on the E. 
side of Hudson r., S6 m. S. Albany. Bnu'ned by Gopake 
and Itocliff Jansen's creeks. Sirrface varitvl; soil chiyey 
or gravelly loam. It belongs to the Livingston manor, and 
has in it several ftirnaees. fioin-ing mills, and oilier maou- 
factori.'S. The Hudson lliver E. U. passes through it. 
Pop. 2,022. 

Livingston, p. v., and cap. Overton co., TWpw, : 79 ra. 
E. by N. Nashville. It contains a court-house, several 
stores, and 15<) inhabit^ints. 

LiviNGSTONviLLE, p. V., Scboharic county, JV' T.: 27 m. 
■W. S. W. Albany. 

Livonia, p. v., Washington co., Ind. : S2 in. W. S. W. 
Indianapolis. 

Livonia, p. o.. Point Coupee par., X/t. : 37 m. N. W. 
Baton Uouge. 

Livonia, t. and p. o., Wayno co., 3f/ch.: 62 m. E. S. E. 
Lansin<r. Drained by Power's and Bell's creeks, and W. 
branch of Rouge r., affording good mill-si-ats. Surtaee 
rolling; soil clayey loam, and Hue grazing land, generally 
timbered. Pop. 1,376. 

Livonia,!, and p. o„ Livingston county, y. V. : 204 m- 
W. by N. Albany. Drain.vl by Ibe outlns of Ilenil.K-k and 
Conesus Lakes, which He partly in it. Surface rolliiiij; soil 
loam, on a. substratum of liinestono, and very fertile of 
grain. It has an academy, :ind several fiouriuir mills and 
woolen factories. Tuc Buffalo, Coming, and New York 
R. K. passes through it. Pop. 2.627. 

LrviiNiA Centue, p. o., Wayne co., Mich. : 66 m. E. S. E. 
Lansing. 

Li.?:\vRLi.YN, p. v., Schuylkill co., Penn. : 42 m. N. E. 
Harrisburg. 

Lloyd, t. and p. o., Ulster co., iV. K .* on the W. side of 
Hudson r., 63 m. S. AlJjany. Surface somewhat hilly ; soil 
loam, overlying limestone. It has some water-ptftver on 
Black cr. and the ^Vallkill, and is a superior farming region. 
Incorporated in 1S45. Pop. 2.0;i'5. 

Llotds, p. o., Essex county, Virg. : 89 miles N. N. E. 
Kichmcnd. 

Lloyd's Neck, Queen's co., ^. Y. : a peninsula on the N. 
side of Long Island, in the L of Oyster Bay. It has Hunt- 
ington Bay on the E., and Oyster Bay on the W., with a 
deep indentation from Huntington Bay on the S., called 
Lloyd's Harbor. 

LoArnAPOKA, p. 0., Macon co., Ala. : on the line of the 
Montgomery and West Point K. R., 53 miles E. by N. 
Montgomery. 
S90 



LoAG, p. c, Chester oo., Penn, : 54 m. E. by 8. HarrisbnTg 
LoBAcusviLLE, p. o., Berks county, Penn. : 54 miles E. 
Harrisburg. 
Lobdell's Store, p. o., W. Baton Rouge par.. La. 
Local, p. c, Talladega co., Ala,: 71 m. N. by E, 
Montgomery. 

Tjooation, p. o., Coweta county, Ga.: 92 m. W. by N. 
Milledgeville. 
Look, p. o., Knox co., Ohio : 47 m. N. E. Columbus. 
Lock Berli.v, p. v., Wayne co., 2/. Y. : 169 m. W. by N. 
Albany. It is 4 m. E. of Lyons, on the Erie Canal. 

Lockbodene, p. v., Franklin co., Ohh : on Big Walnut 
cr., 11 m. S. by E. Columbus. The Ohio Canal piisses 
through it, 45 m. from Newark, and a branch diverges 
hence to C»)lumbus. 

Locke, t and p. o., Cayuga co., 2T.Y.: 138 m. W. Albany. 
Drained by Owasco inlet, which affords power for several 
flour-mills and woolen factories. Surface hilly; soil gravelly 
loam, raising fine crops of grass. Pop. 1,47S. 

LocKK, p. 0., Elkhart county, Ind.: 124 m. N. by E. 
Indianapolis. 

Locke's Mills, p. o., Miffln co., Perm.: 47 m. W. N. W. 
Harrisburg. 

Locke's Mills, p. v. and sta,. Oxford co.. Me. : near the 
head of Alder r., 45 m. W. Augusta. The sta. is 65'm. from 
Portland, on the Atlantic and St. La\\Tcnce R. R. 

LocKUAKT, p. v., and cap. Caldwell co., Tear.: on Plum 
cr. of the San Marcos, 24 m. S. by E. Austin City. It lies in 
a fine grazing and mineral district, and contains a court- 
house, academy, several stores, and 300 inhabitants. 

Lockhart's Store, p. o.. Holmes co., Mi^s. : 2 m. W. Big 
Black r., 57 m. N. N. E. Jackson. 

Lock Haven, p. b., and cap. Clinton co., Peivn. : between 
and near the confluence of Bald Eagle cr., and the Susque- 
hanna. 67 m. N. N. W. Harrisburg. The Pennsylvania 
Canal hero crosses the Susquehanna, and proceeds up the 
valley of Bald Eagle cr. to Belkfonte. It contains a court- 
house, academy, and several stores and warehouses, and has 
an extensive trade. The " C. Tribune'* (whig), and "C. 
Democrat" are published weekly. Pop. S30. 

LocKiNGTON, p. v., Shelby county, Ohio: 63 m. W. by N. 
Columbus. 

LocKLAND, p. o., Macon county, Ala.: 53 m. E. by S. 
Montgomery. 

Lockland, sta., Hamilton co., Ohio .• on the Cincinnati, 
Hamilton, and Daj-ton R. R. 11 m. from Cincinnati. 

Lock Le\'en, p. o., Lunenburg co.. Virg. ; 53 m. S. W. 
Richmond. 

Lock Lomond, p. o., Goochland co., Virg. : W. N. W. 
Richmond. 

Lockport, p. T., Will CO., lU.: on the E. side of Des 
Plainer? r., 151 m. N. E. by N. Springfield. It is on the Illi- 
nnis and Michigan Canal, 6 m. from Joliet, with 50 feet 
descent I>y locks between. This, and 15 foet fall in the Des 
Plaines. near the v., furnish abundant water-power, and 
large quarries of limestone ample building material. It has 
valuable manufactures, an extensive trade, and 1,S00 inhab- 
itants. Tht5 " L. Telegraph" is published weekly. 

Looki-ort. p. v.. Carrnl! co.. Ind. : on the N. bank of 
Wabash r., 67 m. N. N. W. Indianapolis. It is on the Wa- 
bash and ItIo Canal, 17 m. from Ltigansport. 
Lockport, p. o., Henry co., Kfj. : N. W. Frankfort. 
Lockpokt, L, p. v., and cap. Niagara co., A^. K; 249 m. 
W. by X. Albany. Lat 43° 11' N., and long. TS^ 46' W. 
Drained by streams flowing N. into Lake Ontario, and S. 
into Tniiawanda cr. Surface elevated and varied, sloping 
from a ridsc or terr.ace which forma the water-shed dividing 
the streams above noticed. Soil calcareous and armdy loam, 
very fertile, and admirably adapted to grazing. There are 
extensive quarries of fine building-stone in the town. Tho 
v., one of the most prospcrons of the W. section of the State 
is situate on the line of the Erie Canal. 31 m. from Buffalo, 
and on the Canandaigua and Niagara Falls E. K., 23 m. 



LOG 



Loa 



from Niagara Falls. The business activity depending on 
Uiese avemiea of commerce is immense; and the wator- 
power created by the surplus of the canal, which here rises 
60 feet by locks, is of the greatest importance to the manu- 
fncturinf; hitereata of the place. Among the large number 
of manufa>.tiire3 carried on, especial mention may be made 
of its c< itton and woolen mills, its furnaces, its maehine-sliops, 
agricultural machimTy and implcmL-nt factories, and of its 
flouring:, grist, saw, plaster, and other uiills, and in the neigh- 
borhood manufactures are mpidly sjiringing into existence. 
Four banks are located here. The village contains a court- 
house, jail, and other county buildings, 17 or IS churches ot 
various denominations, several good schools and academies, 
and numerous common schools, and has a public press num- 
bering four separate publications, viz. : the " L. Courier" 
(whig), daily and weekly, the "Niagara Democrat" (dem.), 
the "Niagara C.itaract" (F. S.), and the " Iris of Niagara'' 
(ht.), all weekly issues. The v. was incorporated in 1827^ 
and will probably, at no distant period, be entered on the 
list of cities. The population of the t in 1S30 was 3,S33 ; in 
1S40 it was 9,125, and in ISoO 12,323, having increased from 
1S:30 in the decennial ratio of 13S-(JS and 35-04 per cenL The 
railroad from Canandaigua has been opened since the lat- 
ter period, and its access eastward thus fully established, 
which will greatly accelerate its growth in wealth and popu- 
lation. 

LocKPORT, sta.. "Westmoreland co., Penn.: on the W. di- 
vision of the Pennsylvania It. li., G5 m. E. of Pittsburg. 
Here is a thriving v., with a brisk trade, on the Conemaugh 
r. and W. division Canal, and a charcoal furnace of 1,U00 
tons ahnual capacity. 

LooKPOET, p. v., Williams co., Ohio: on W. side of Tiffin 
cr., 128 m. N. W. by N. Columbus. 

LocKPOHT, v.. Licking CO., Ohio ; on the Ohio Canal, 81 m. 
E. by N. Columbus. Population 42. 

LocKPORT, v., TuscarawjLS co., Ohio: on the Ohio Canal, 
about a mile S. of New Philadelphia, and 83 m. E. N. E. 
Columbus. Pop. 17S. 

LocKF.roGE, p. v., Jefferson county, la. : 47 m. S. by W. 
Iowa City. 

Lock's Village, p. v., Franklin co., Ma^!^. : 71 m. "W. by 
N. Boston. 

LocKVTLLE, p. v., Fairfield co., Ohio: 17 m. 8. E. by E. 
Columbus. It is on the Ohio Canal, .30 m. from Newark. 

LooKwooD, p. o., Suj^scx CO., jV; Jer. : 40 m. N. Trenton, 

Loco Praieie, p. v., M'Henry co., III.: 1S9 m. N. by E. 
Springfield. 

Loci'ST Batou, p. o., Washita co., Ark. : on an affluent 
of Washita r. so called, OS m. S. S. W. Little P^ock. 

Locust Coeneb, p. c, Clermont co., Ohio : 7G m. S. W. 
Columbus. 

LocrsT Creek, p. o., Louisa county, Tirg. : 20 m. N. W. 
Eichm'^nd. 

LocrsT Bale, p. o., Madison co., Tirg. : on a branch of 
Eapid v\nn r., 62 m. N. W. Kichmond. 

Locust Grove, p. o., Searcy co., Arl'. : 93 m. N. by W. 
Little Rook. 

Locust Oeove, p. c, Henry co„ Gti. : 56 m. W. N. W. 
Milledgeville. 

Locust Grove, p. o., Callaway county, K[j. : 112 m. 
S. W. by W. Frankfurt. 

Locust Grove, p. v., Williamson co., III. : 146 m. S. S. E. 
Springfleia. 

Locust Grove, p. v., Adams co., Ohio: on the E. side 
of Brush cr., 67 ra. S. by W. Columbus. 

Locust Grove, p. o.. Weakly co., Tenn. : 9S m. W. by N. 
Nashville. 

Locust Grove, p. o., Orange co., Yirg.: 53 m. N. W. 
Eichmond. 

Locust Grove, p. o., Montgomery county, Ind. : 44 m. 
W. N. W. Indianapolis. 

Locust Gro\t:. p. o., IIenr>' en.. Mo.: about 3 m. S. of 
Grand r,, 70 m. W. by S. Jelfersun City. 



Locust Hill, p. o., Caswell co., 27. Cur. : 66 m. N. W. 
Ealeigh. 

Locust ITill, p. o., Washmgton county, Penn. : 141 W. 
Ilarrisburg. 

Locust Hill. p. o., Anderson district, S. Car. : 105 m. 
W. N. W. Columljia. 

Locust Lane, p. o., Fayette co., Tirg. : 194 m. W. by N. 
Kichmond. 

Locust Mills, p. o.. Bracken co., Kf/. : 53 m. N. E. by E. 
Frankfort. 

Locust Mount, p. o., Accomac co., llrg. : 96 m. E. N. E. 
Ilichmnnd. 

Locust Mount, p. o., Washington CO., Tenn.: 238 m. 
E. Nashville. 

LocufiT Shade, p. o., Overton county, Tenn. : 83 m. E. 
Nashville. 

Locust Spring, p. v., Macoupin co,, III. : 27 m. S. 8. W. 
Springfield. 

Locust Spbino, p. o., Cumberland county, Ki/. : 106 m. 
S. by W. Frankfort. 

Locust Thee, p. o., Niagara co., K T. : 263 m. W. by N. 
Albany. 

LocusTviLLE, p. o., Accomac co., Yirff. : 89 m. E. by N. 
Eichmond. 

LoDDY, p. o., Hamilton co., Teiin. : near Saluda cr. of tha 
Tennessee, 79 m. E. S. E. Nashville. 

Loni, t. and p. o., Bergen county, 17. Jer. : 53 m. N. E. 
Trenton. It is mostly level, and lies between Hackensack r. 
rm the E. and the Passaic and its branch, Saddle r., on the 
W., which furnish good mill-sites. The Union R. E. crosses 
the Passaic on its W. border, 12 m. from New York, 
Pop. 1,11-3. 

LoDT, p. o., Coweta county, Ga.: 106 ra. W. by N. 
Milledgeville. 

Lorn, p. o., Choctaw co., dli-ss.: 8S m. N. N. E. Jackson. 

LoDi, p. v.. Chirk co., PI. : 106 m. E. by S. Springfield. 

Loni, t and p. o., Washtenaw co., 3fich.: 52 m. S. E. 
Lansing. Surface level, and soil admirably adapted to 
grazing. Pop. 1,2^U. 

Loin, t. and p. v., Seneca co., 27. Y. : on the E. side of 
Seneca Lake, 1G4 ni. W. Albany. Surface rolling; soil 
clayey loam, and very fertile. Farming is the chief pursuit. 
Gypsum is found. Pop. 2,209. 

Loin, t. and p. o., Columltia CO., TT/s*?. ; on the E. side of 
Wisconsin r., IS m. N. Madison. Brained by Ockee cr. It 
has a good soil and excellent timber. Pop. 303. 

LoDi, p. v., Medina co., Ohio : on E. branch of Black r., 
87 m. N. E. by N. Columbus. It contains several mills anrj 
200 inhabitants. 

Loot, sta., Seneca co., Ohio: 23 m. from Sandusky on the 
Mad River and Lake Erie E. E. 

Lorn, p. o., Abbeville dist., S. Car. : about 2 m. W. of 
Saluda r., 56 m. W. l>y N. Columbia. 

LoDi, p. o., Jackson co.. Term. : 67 ra. E. N. F. N:ishvUIe 

Loni Bar, p. o., Sumter dist, S. Car. : E. Columbia. 

LoPi Centrk. p. o., Seneca co., 27. T. : 101 m.W. Albany 

LopiviLLE. p. v.. Parke co., Ind. : on the E. bank of Wa- 
bash r., 44 m. W. by N. Indianapolis. It is at the mouth 
of Coal cr. and on the Wabash and Erie Canal. 

Lot.ore, p. o., Amelia co., Virg. : 32 m. S. W. Eichmond. 

Logan county, PI. Situate centrally, and contains 538 
sq. m. Drained by Salt cr., a branch of Sangamon r., and 
its afHuenls, Lake Fork, Sugar, and Kickapoo creeks. Sur- 
face un<lulalim; and nearly level ; soil exceedingly fertile, 
being mostly rich prairie with occasional grovos of 'imbcr, 
and producing large crops of com and wheat with little 
effort. It is especially adapted to grazing, and live-stock, 
l»eef, and pork, are the exports. Farms 476; manuf 14; 
dwell. 835. and p<»p.— wh. 5.12-S, fr, col. 0— total 5,128, Cap- 
iUd: Postrille. Puhlio Works: Central Xi. R. ; Chicago 
and Mississippi E. R. 

LooA.-* county, A>. Situate S. W., and contains .')91 
gq m. Drained S. by Red and Big Whippoorwill rivers, 

891 



LOG 



LON 



branches of the Cumberland, and N. by Elk Lick, Wolf 
Lick, and Big Muddy creeks of Green r. Surface elevak*d 
table-land ; euil generally fertile. Tobacco, com, oal^, and 
wheat are staple products. It has fine facilities fur manu- 
factures, and they are extensively improved in producing 
woolen and cotton goods, flour, leather, earthen-ware, etc. 
Farms 1,130 ;manuf. 40; dwell. 1,917, and pop.— wh. 10,751, 
fr col. 863, 8l. 6.467— total 16,581. CdplUd : Kussellville. 

Logan county, Ohio. Situate W. centr.illy, and contains 
438 sq. m. Brained E. by Kush, Mill. an<l Big Darby creeks 
of the Scioto; W. by Little Miami and branches, Stony 
and Cheroiiee creeks, etc. Surface undulating or slightly 
broken ; soil productive and well adapted to grain. Corn 
is the stiiple. "Wheat is a successful crop and pork an ex- 
port. It has many mill-streams ami flourishing factories, 
with convenient markets. Farms 1,(126; manuf. 88; dwell. 
8,248, and pop.— wh. 18,631, fr. col. 531— total 19,162. dtxt- 
itiil: Beltefontaine. Public Works: Bcllefonlaine and In- 
diana E. E. ; Mad Elver and Lake Erie R. K., etc. 

Logan county, Virg. Situate S. W., and contains 702 
eq. m. Tug fork of Big Sandy r. bounds it W., the Guyan- 
dotte and branches drain it E., and Laurel and Caney creeks 
flow between into the Ohio, Surface hilly and broken ; soil 
fertile, and excellent pasturage. Corn, oaLs, and potatoes 
are staples. It has fine miii-strcams, which are used prin- 
cipally to work up the timber of the higher portions. Farms 
469; manuf. 0; dwell. 572, and pop.— wh. 3,533, fr. col. 0, 
8l. S7— total 3,620. Capital: Logan C. il. 

Logan, p. v., Dearborn county, Ind. : T4 m, E. S. E. 
Indiabapolis. 

Logan, p. o., Tompkins co., JV", Y. : 161 m. "W. Albany. 

Logan, p. v., and cap. Hocking co., Ohio: on the N. 
bank of Hocking r., 42 m. S. E. Columbus. It contains a 
eourtrhouse, jail, academy, and several mills. Excellent 
water-power is furnished birthe falls, which are 1 ra. above 
the V. Tiie " H. Sentinel" (dem.), and " II. Valley Eepub- 
lican" (whig), are published weekly. The Hocking Canal 
passes through the v. 2S m. from Athens. Pop. 79S. 

Logan, p. o., Laclede county, Mo. : C9 m, S. by TV. 
Jefferson City. 

Logan C. H., p. t.. and cap. Logan co., Virg. ; on the 
right bank of Guyandotte r., 244 m. W. Eichmond. It con- 
tains a court-house and several stores. 

Logan Mills, p. o., Clinton co., Pejui. : 59 m. N. N. "W. 
Harrisburg. A charcoal furnace of 800 tons annual capa- 
city is located here. 

Logan's Ceeek, p. o., Eeynolds co., Mo. : 127 m. S. S. E. 
Jeflerson City. 

Logan's Feeey, p. 0., Allegh.any co., Penn. : 12S m. 'W. 
Harrisburg. 

LoGANSi'OET, p. v., Do Soto par., La. : on the left bank of 
Sabine r., 191 m. N. W. by \V. Baton Kouge, 

IjOGANspoet, p. v., and cap. Cass co., In<f. : at the junc- 
tion of Eel r. with the Wabash, 68 m. N. by \Y. Indian- 
apolis. It is at the head of steamboat navigation, and just 
below the falls, which furnish immense water-power, and has 
a large trade, by river, caual, and plank-roatls, with the fer- 
tQe region on every side; the products of which are ship- 
ped here for the E. and B. markets. It contjiins a oonrt- 
house and jail, 2 banks, an academy, several large mills, and 
2,251 inhabitants. The " L. Journal" (whig), and tho " Dem- 
ocratic Pharos," are published weekly. 

Logan's Store, p. o., Rutherford co., K Car.: 211 m. 
"W. by S. Raleigh. 

LoGANTTLLE, p. V., Logau CO., OMo : on Miami r., 54 m. 
W. N. "W. Columbus. 

LooANviLLE, p. v., Tork CO, Penn. : 26 m. S. Harrisburg. 

Loo Cabin, p. o. Morgan co., Ohio: 64 m. E. S. E. 
Columbus. 

Loo Lick, p. o, Switzerland county, Ind. : 87 ra. S. E. 
Indianapolis. 

Logtown, p. 0., Wachlta par., La. : 151 m, N. N. W. 
Baton Rouge. 
S92 



LoMBAEDT, p. 0., Culumbiu CO., Go.: 69 m. £. N. E. 

MilleJgevillc. 

LoMBAUUY Geove, p. o., Mecklenburg co., Virg.: 63 m. 
S.S.W. Richmond. 

LoMiBA, L and p. c, Dodge ca,. TTmc; 62 m. N. E. 
Madison. Drained by heads of Rock r., furnishing good 
mill-seals. Surface varied, and soil excellenL Pop. 653. 

Lonacontng, p. v., Alleghany co., J/'/.; on W. side of 
George's cr., about 6 m, from the Potomac, 141 m. "W. N. W 
Annapolis. It is in the mining region, and connected by a 
private railway with the Baltiiuore and Ohio R. li. A 
furnace here producing 3,000 tons of iron per annum. 

London, p. v., and cap. Laurel co., Ay. ; S3 m. S. 9. E. 
FrankfurL It consists of a court-house and a few dwellings. 
The Knoxville and Lexington R. R. will pass through it. 

London, t, and p. o., Monroe co., Mich. : 67 ra. S. K 
Lansing. Drained by Stony cr. and a branch of Kiver 
Raisin. Surface level, and well-timbered ; soil very pro- 
ductive of wheat Pop. 626. 

London, p» v., Mercer co., Penri.: 133 m. W, N. W. 
Harrisburg. 

London, p. v., and cap. Madison co., Ohio : 25 m. "W. by S. 
Columbus. It contains a court-house, jail, and an academy, 
and has a large trade in domestic products. The Columlius 
and Xenia R. R. pa.sses through it, 35 ra, frora Xenia. The 
" L. Sentinel-' is published weekly. Pop. 513. 

London Bridge, p. o., Princess Anne c<i., Virff. .- 86 m. 
E. S. E. Riclimond. 

London Crrr, p. v., Fayette co., HI. : 64 dl 8. E. bj 8. 
Springfield. 

LoNDONDEEEY, t, and p. v., Rockingham co., M Hamp. : 
29 m. S. by W. Concord. Drained by Beavi-r r., a branch 
of the Merriraac, which touches the N. AV. comer. Surface 
uneven; soil fertile, making it a very superior farming and 
dairy district. Tho Manchester and Lawrence R. R. crosses 
the N. part, and the sta. is 6 m. S. of Its connection with the 
Concord R. E. at Manchester. The v. is in the S., and con- 
tains an excellent and well-endowed academy. Population 
of t. 1,731. 

LosDONDEEEY, t and p. o., Guernsey co., Ohio .• SS m. 
E. by N. Columbus. Drained by a branch of Tuscarawas r. 
Surface rolling, and soil excellent for grass and grain. 
Pop. 1,551. 

LoNDONDEEET, t and p. o., 'Windhara co., Venn. : 74 m. 
W. by S. Montpelicr. Drained by branches of West r., 
which furnish good water-power. Surface uneven; soil on 
the streams verj- fertile— in the higher parte fit only for graz- 
ing. Wool is a large exporL It has several manufactories 
of woolens and farming implements. Pop. 1,274. 

LoNDON-DEBBY, t and p. o., Chester co., Penn.: C2 m. 
E. S. E. Harrisburg. Drained by Doe Run, a branch of the 
Brandywine. Surface even, and soil sandy and well culti- 
vated. Farming is the chief business. 

Lonhon Grove, t and p. o., Chester co.^ Petm.: 59 m. 
E. S. E. Harrisburg, Drained by "White Clay cr. and its 
branches, which furnish valuable mill privileges. Surface 
somewhat uneven, and soil a rich loam. It has extensive 
mauiifactories of cotton and woolen gixnis, flour, leather, etc 

Lone Jack, p. o., Jackson co., Mo. : 106 m. W. by N. 
JctTcrson City. 

Lose Star, p. o., Titus co., Tex. : 271 m. N. E. Austin 
City. ^ 

LoNK Teee, p. o., Bureau co., Til. : 99 m. N. Springfield. 

LoNG-A-coMiNG, p. V., Camden co., JV. Jer. : 30 m. S. by "W. 
IVenton. 

Long Bottom, p. o., Meigs co., Ohio: 8S m. S. E. by E. 
Columbus. 

Long Bottom, p. o., Marshall co., Virff. : 2.'U m. N. "W. 
Eichmond. 

Long BKANcn. p. o., Monroe co., Mo. : on a branch of 
Salt r., 52 ra. N. by E. Jefferson City. 

Long Branch, p. o., Franklin co., Virff. : 145 ra.W. S. "W. 
Richmond. 



LON 



LON 



Long Bbancu, p. v., Monmouth county, ^T. Jer. : 83 m. 
E. by N. Trt-nton. The beach known by that name is a 
long saiifly peninsuhi, having tbe Atlantic on the E. and 
Shrewsbury r. on the W., and is much resorted to in surn- 
mer for ita line batliing. fishing, and gunning. Ample 
accomniodLftions are ulfordetl for visitors, and many cottages 
are occupied by permanent residents. In the vicinity there 
are many pleasant and romantic villages, and much fine 
natural scenery. t^teamb»»ats ply regularly in the summer 
season from New York City. 

Long Cane, p. o., Tnmp county, On.: about 2 m. E. 
Cliattaboochee r., 117 m. W. Milledgeville. 

Long Cane, p. o., Abbeville district, /S'. Car.: Ti m. W. 
Columbia. 

Long Ci:ef.k, p. o., New Ilanover county, N. Cur. : 07 m. 
S. S. E. Kaleigh. 

Long Cubek, p. o., Louisa county, Virg. : 34 m. N. W. 
Eichniond. 

Long Creek, p. o., Panola co., J//.«. ; 146 ra. N. Jackson. 

Long Falls Ciief.k, p. o., Daviess co., JTy. ; on a brauch 
of Green r. of that name, 136 m. W. S. W. Frankfort. 

Long Glade, p. c, Augusta co., Virg. : 102 m. W. N". W. 
Kichmond. 

Long Gkken Academy, p. o., Baltimore co., JfJ,: 34 ra. 
J^. Annapolis. 

Long Grove, p. v., Lake co., ///. .■ on Buffalo cr. of the 
Des Plaines, Isi) m. N. K. by N. Spriiigtield. 

Long Hall, p. o., Caldwell co., A*y. ; lill m. W. S. W. 
Frankfort. 

LoNt; II ill, p. o., Morris county, N. Jer. : 44 m. N. N. E. 
Trenton. 

Long Island, A^. Y. : a long narrow island, forming tlie 
S. E. portion of the State of New York, and lying between 
the Atlantic on the i^oulh and Long Island Sound on the 
North. Its length from the "Narrows" to Montauk Point is 
113 m., ami its general width varies from 12 to 20 miles. It 
is divided into the counties of Kings, Queens, and Suffolk, 
and contains about 1,44S sq. m. Its coasts are nmcli broken 
by indentJitions, forming innumerable small bays and har- 
bors, many of which embosom marshy islands, and almost 
the whole south coast is lined with a long sandy beach, 
between which and the main island is a fine inland naviga- 
tion for small craft. A ridge or chain of hills, more or less 
elevati-d, but not exceeding 3it0 feet in height, extends east 
and west ; the surface N. of the ridge is in general rough 
and broken, while on its S. side tlie surface; is a jdain, gently 
falling toward the Allanlie. On both sides of the island are 
nuniLrous streams emptying into bays and inlets, affording, 
however, but small hydraulic power— ihe bays abounding 
in fine fish, oysters, etc. The slrt-anis at Ihe W. ^nd of the 
island arc destined to furnish water for llie cities of Brooklyn, 
"Williamsburg, etc., by means of dams and culverts. Light- 
houses have been erected at several points on both sides of 
the island and on Montauk Point, its E. extrt-mily. The 
L<jng Island 11. li. traverses the island almost through its 
middle from Brooklyn to Greenport. 

Long Island sound, JV. }'.; a large and important body 
of water, between the State of Connecticut and Long Island. 
It is about 10(1 m. long, and from 10 to 20 m. wide, and 
receives from Connecticut all its great rivers. The sound 
connects Willi the ocean on the E., and on the W. with 
New York Bay. tlirongh Hell Gate and the East river. 
The coasting vessels and the steamers plying between New 
York and tbe New England Stales almost invariably lake 
lUe sound or inside npule. 

Long Joun, p. <»., Will county, III. : 157 ra. N. E. by N. 
Springfield. 

Long Lakk, p. o., Genesee co., 3ficJi.: near a pond so 
called, tributary to Shiawassee r., 43 m. E. Lansing. 

Long Lane, p. c, Dallas county. Mo. : 6S miles S. S. W. 
Jefferson City. 

Long Mai^u, p. o., Queon Anne co., 3fd. . 87 ra. E. N, E. 
Anuapolis. 



Long MeaI>6w, t. and p. v., Hampden co., Mass. : on the 
E. side of Connecticut river, and S. line of the State, 81 m. 
W. S. W. Boston. Drained by small allluents of tho 
Connecticut, Surface mo.stly level, a large jiart of the town 
being alluvial meadows. Soil very fertile and bigbiy eulti- 
vatetf. It has several tanneries, and makes excellent bricks, 
but is eminently a farming I., with markets fur its produce 
at its doors. A superior kind of red building stone is 
abundant, and extensively quarried. The New Haven, 
Hartford, and SprlngfieUI U. II. passes throiigli il..iind has a 
sla. 4 m. S, of Springfield. The v., a long broad street, 
about 1 m. from and parallel with the river, la beautifully 
shaded by rows of tall elms, and contains many elegant 
farm houses and country residences. Population of town 
1,252. 

Long Meadow, p. o.. Page county. Virg. : on E. side of 
Shenandoah r., 91 m. N. W. Richmond. 

LoNQMiRE, p. o.) "Washington county, Tcnii.: near the 
Nolichucky r., 24.5 m. E. Nashville. 

Longmike's Store, p. o., Edgefield dist., S. Car. : G3 m. 
W. Columbia. 

Long Old Fields, p. o., Prince George's co., MrL : 2G m. 
W. S. W. Annapolis. 

Long Peucimmon, p. o., Yallabusha co.. Miss.: 119 nL 
N. by E. Jackson. 

Long Plain, p. o., Bristol county, Masii.: 4G m. S. by E. 
Boston. 

Long Point, p. v., Livingston co.. III. : on a W. branch 
of Vermillion r.. 05 id, N. N. K. Springfield. 

Long Point, p. o., Washington county, Tex. : 92 m. E. 
Austin City 

Long Pond, p. c, Caldwell co., Ki/. : ISG m. W. S. W. 
Frankfort. 

Long pRAiniE, p. o., Wabnahta co., Mtn/). Trr.: near 
the river of that name, a branch of Crow Wing r., li)3 m. 
N. W. St. Paul. 

Long Ruhie, p. o., Fairfield co., Conn.: 55 ni. S. W. 
Hartford. 

Long Run, p. o., Jefferson co., Ey. : 2C m. W. by N. 
Frankfort. 

Long Savannah, p. o., Hamilton county, Tenn. : 140 ra. 
S. E. by E. Nashville. 

Long's Bridge, p. o., Hancock co., Gn. : near Buffalo cr. 
of the Oconee, 17 m. E. by N. Milledgev ille. 

Long's Mills, p. o., Randolph county, K. Car. : CI m, 
W. by N. Raleigh. 

Long Street, p. o., Moore co., N. Car. : 35 ra. S. W. 
Raleigh. 

Long Street, p. o., Pulaski co., Ga.: 42 m. S. by W. 
Milledgeville. 

Long Street, p. o., Lancaster dist., . 9. dtr. : about 3 m. 
E. of Catawba r., 42 ra. N. by E. Columbia. 

Long Swamp, p. o., Marion co., Flor.: 1C9 m. S. E. 
Tallahassee. 

Long Swamp, t. and p. o., Berks county, Poin,: 66 ra. 
E. byN. Ilarrisburg. Drained by Little Lehigli r., on which 
are several mills and small factories. Surface hilly, and soil 
gravelly loam. Leather, powder, and iron are made. At 
the v. is a furnace of 1,000 tons capacity. 

Longtown, p. o., Fairflcbl dist., S.Car. ; 23 m. N. N. E, 
Columbia. 

Longtown, p. o., Panola co.. Miss. : 133 m. N. by E. 
Jackson. 

Long Valley, p. o., Monroe co., Penn. : 93 m. N. E. by E 
Harrisbnrg. 

Long View. p. o., Bra<lley co.. ArJc. : on Ihe W. bank of 
Sabine r. of the Wasliita, 94 m. S. by E. Little Rock. 

Long View, p. o., Morgan county, Tenn. : V^ m. E. 
Nashville. 

Long View, p. o., Cliristian CO., Ky. ; 176 m. W. S. W. 
Frank for U 

LoNGwooD, p. 0., Fayetto county, Ind. : 49 m. S. by E. 
Indianapolis. 

833 



LON 



LOU 



LoNGWooiJ, p. o., Sabine co., Tfeoj. ; near Patroon bayou, 
249 m. E. N. E. Austin City. 

Long WOOD, p. o., Union county, Ky. : 171 m. W. by S, 
Frankf.irt. 

Lonsdale, p. v. and sta.j Providence co., li. I. : on Black- 
stone r., 7 ra. N. Providence. It has a good share of trade, 
an<l is largely interested in manufactures of various kinds, 
for which its situation is well fitted. The sta. ia 7 m. from 
Providence on the Providence and Worcester R. R. 

Lo.NsviLLE, p. 0., Pike county, ICy.: 143 m. E. S. E. 
Frank fori. 

Looking Glass, p. t., Clinton co., lU. : on the "W. side 
of t^ugar or. of Kaskaskia r., 89 m. S. Springfield. 

Looking Glass (or 'Walienaaseltee) river, J/ich, : a beau- 
tiful clear stream rising in a small lake on the S. border of 
Shiawassee co., flowing first N. and then W. through Shia- 
wassee, Clinton, etc., into Grand r. It is 70 m. long and 
about 40 yards wide, and navigable fur canoes to near ita 
sources. The countrj' near its sources is somewhat swampy, 
but in its lower course is well timbered and fine lands. 

Look Out, p. c, Cole co., Mo. : N. side of N. Korean cr., 
15 m. W. Jefferson City. 

Lookout mountain. Go. : a remarkable elevation in the 
N. W. part of the State. At ila highest culmination it is 
crowned with a watch-tower of rock palisades, from which 
the eye obtains a most extensive and beautiful prospect of 
the wdd scenery of the country. 

Loomisville, p. v., Kent co., Mich. : 52 m. "W. N. W. 
Lansing. 

Looney's Ckeek, p. 0., Marion Co., Tenv. : on an affluent 
of the Tennessee so called, 97 m. S. E. Nashville. 

LooNiBsviLLE. p. V., M'Douald co., Mo, : on Elk r., an E. 
branch of the Neosho, 172 m. 8. W. by S. Jefferson Cily. 

LooSAH-vTcnEE, p. 0., Sliclby co., Tetin. : near an affluent 
of Mississippi r. so called, 174 m. W. S. "W. Nashville. 

Loose Cbekk, p. o., Osage county, Mo. : 14 m. E. S. E. 
Jefferson City. 
Loos AuoMA, p. o., De Soto co.. Mm. : 156 m. N. Jackson. 
LoEADo, p. o., Greene co., Ark,: 147 m. N. E. by N. 
Little Rock. 

LoBAiN county, Ohio. Situate N. on Lake Erie, and con- 
tains 727 sq. m. Drained by Black r. and its branches, and 
W. by Vermillion r. Surface undulating and sloping to the 
N. ; soil fertile, adapted equally to grass and grain. Wheat 
and corn are the cereal staples, and they yield luxuriantly. 
It has large dairies, and many sheep are reared. Live- 
stock, beef, wool, and pork are important exports. The 
streams afford excellent water-power, and manufactures are 
extensively prosecuted. It also has a large trade on the 
lake. Farms 2,430; manuf. 64; dwell. 4,074, and pt»p.— 
wh. 26,824, fr. col. 262— total 2G,0S6. O'j^itul : Elyria. 
Public Works: Cincinnati, Cleveland, and Columbus R. R. ; 
Toledo, Norwalk, and Cleveland R. R. ; Junction E. R.,ctc. 
LoEAMiE, L antl p. o., Shelby co., 0/iio: 74 m. W. by N. 
Crihnnbus. Drained by branches of Miami r. ; soil niitstly 
fertile. Miami Canal passes the N. E. corner, and the Relle- 
fontaine and Indiana R. li, crosses it. Pop. 1,049. 

LoKENTz's Stoke, p. o., Lewis co., Virg. : 1S2 m. W. N.W. 
Richmond. 

LoRKNTzoviLLE ForxDRY, p. 0., Shcuandoah co., Virg. : 
107 m. N. W. Richmond. 

LoRBTTo, p. o., Essex county, Virg. : 41 m. N. E. by N. 
Richmond. 
LoRETTo, p. c, Marion co., Ky. : 49 m. 8. 8.W. FrankforL 
LoKETTo, p. o., Cambria co., Pejin. : 94 m. W. by N. 
Harrisburg. 

Lorraine, t. and p. o., Jefferson county, Nl Y. : 13S ra. 
N. W. by W. Albany. Drained by liriinehes of Sandy cr., 
which move several flour and numerous saw mills. Surface 
broken, and soil c-lay and sandy loam, well fitted for graz- 
ing. A fine farming t. and heavily timbered. Pop. 1,611. 
Los Angelos county, CftUf. Situate; S., and comprises 
about n.OilO sq. m. The streams emptying into the Pacific, 



along the coast of which the county extends about 150*m., 
are Santa Clara, the N., and Santa Anna, the S. boundary, 
San Pedro, San Gabriel, and Los Angelos; the principal 
stream E. is Mohave r., a branch of the Colorado. San 
Pedro Bay, on the S., is a good harbor, and opposite it is 
Santa Catalina, and separated from the N. by the channel 
of Santa Barbara, is Santa Cruz, two large and beautiful 
islands. Surface broken in the W. by the Sierra Nevada 
Mrmntains and their spurs, extending to the coast; in the 
E. are many high hiUs, with extensive sandy plains. The 
soil has been suffered to lie waste a long time, but is capa- 
ble of producing in abundance all the grains and fruits 
of the Atlantic coast, with bananas, plantains, pomegran- 
ates, indigo, and olives. Grapes and oUves are abundant 
of the best quality. Com is the staple. The climate is 
equable, mild, and very healthy. The white population is 
about 10,000. Capital: Los Angelos. 

Lob Angelos, p. v., and cap. Los Angelos co., CfU/. : on 
the W. side of the Rio de los Angelos, which falls into San 
Pedro Bay, and 300 m. S. S. E. Vallejo, It is the seal of an 
ancient mission, and was capital of California Alta previous 
to the Mexican War. The v. has several substantial 
military and ecclesiastical buildings, and in many respects 
is now a flourishing inland place. It was here that General 
Kearney and Colonel Fremont had their famous disputo 
fur command, which led ultimately to conrt^marshalhng of 
the latter. Lat. 190 qO l.V N., and long. 100° 22' 45" W. 

Loss Creek, p. c, Crawford county, Ohi4?: 65 m, N. 
Columbus. 
Lost Creek, p. o.. Saline co.. Ark, : 36 m. W. Little Rock. 
Lost Cbeek, p. o., Lincoln co., Mo, : about 3 m. "W. of 
the Mississippi, 79 m. E. N. E. Jefferson City. 

Lost Creek, p. o., Campbell co., Tenn,: between Pow- 
ell's and Clinch rivers, 163 m. E. by N. Nashville. 

Lost Creek, p. o., Harrison co., Virg. : on a branch of 
Monongahela r. so called, 1S9 m. N. W. by W. Richmond. 
Lost Cbeek, p. o., Breathitt co., Kt/, : on a branch of 
Kentucky r., 103 m. E. S. E. FrankforL 

Lost Grove, p. o., De Kalb co.. III. : 157 m. N. by E. 
Springfield. 

Lost Mouktain, p. c, Cobb co., Ga.: 109 m. N. W. 
MilledgevUle. 

Lost River, p. o.. Orange co., In(?, : near the branch of 
"White r. so called, 7S m. S. by W. Indianapolis. Lost r. 
rises in 'Washington co., and takes a W. course through the 
N. part of Orange, and forms a junction with Lick cr., and 
falls into the E. fork of White r. near the S. line of Martin 
county. This stream, as well as many of its tributaries, 
sinks and runs underground for considerable distances, and 
then rises again. 

Lost River, p. o.. Hardy co., Virg.: on a branch of 
Great Cacapon r., US m. N. W. Richmond. 

Lost Village, p. o.. New Madrid co.. Mo. : 94 m. S. E. 
Jefferson City. 
Lottridge, p. o., Athens co., Ohio: 09 m. S. E. Columbus. 
Lotts, p. 0., Edgefield di-^t., S. Cur. : 35 m. W. Columbia, 
Lottsburg, p. o., Northumberland co., Mrg.: 55 m. 
E. N. E. Richmond. 

LoTTsviLLE, p. v., Warfcu CO., Penn.: on Little Broken 
Straw cr., which affords power for several mills her^?, 177 m. 
N. W. Ilarrisbnrg. 

LounoN county, Virg. Situate N. E., and contains 473 
sq. m. Bounded N. E. by the Potomac, and dr.ained by its 
affluents. Goose, KitlO'-tan, and other small creeks. Surface 
broken by several ridges of mountains, and very uneven, 
with beautiful and fertile valleys; soil various, but mostly 
very productive. AVheat, corn, oats, and rye bring largo 
crops, and are the staples. Great numbers of cattle and 
slujep are raised; beef and wool arc exported, and pnrk 
largely. It has good water-power, and numerous flourish- 
ing manufactories, especially of flour and lumber. Farms 
1,256; manuf. 139; dwell. 2.S34, and pop.— wh. 14,0S1, 
fr. col. 1,357, 8l. 5,641— total 21,079. Capital: Leesburg. 



LOU 



LOU 



LocDox, t. and p. v., Merriinae co., ^V. ILnnp.: 6 m. 
N. E. Concord. Dmiuod by Suneook r., which supplies it 
with fine water-power. Suncook r. rises from a pond in 
the E. Surface hilly ; soil un the Suncook fcriile, and gen- 
erally adapted to grass. The v. is in the S., and contains 
several m.lls. Pop. of t. 1,553. 

Loui'ox, p. b., Franklin co., Penn.:f}l m. "W. S. W. 
Harrisbiirg. Here are 2 charcoal forges, making yil toTis of 
bars per annum, aud 2 m. distant is a charcual furnace of 
SOO tons annual capacity 

Loudon Ckntre, p. c, Merrimac co., K. ILimp. : 10 m. 
N. E. Cuncord. 

London IlrocE, p. c, Merrimac co., jV. Hump.: 11 m. 
N. N. E. Concord. 

LorDoNviLLE, p. v., Ashland co., Ohio: on Black fork of 
W^alhonding r., 5S m. N. E. by N. Columlfus. 

LoiTJSTiLLE, p. T., Habersham co., Ga. : 126 m. N. by W. 
MilKdgeville. It lies in theileart of the gold region, and 
near the head of Cheslalee river. 

liOnsA county, la. Situate S. E., and contains 413 sq. m. 
Drained by Iowa r., its branches. Cedar r., and Long cr., 
and Muscatine Slough. Surface moderately uneven ; soil 
very fertile, equally adapted to grass and grain. Corn, 
wheat, beef, and pork, are leading products. It has large 
streams, which afford abumlance of water-power. The 
Iowa crosses the co, from N. W. to 3. E., diagonally, and is 
navigable the whole length, and the E. line is formed by 



the Mississippi. Limestone, copper, and lead are fijund. 
Farms 3SS ; manuf. IS; dwell. 642, and pop,— wh. 4.913, 
fr. col. 26— total 4,939. CapiUil: Wapello. 

LoDiSA county, Virg. Situate E. centrally, .and contains 
427 sq. m. Drained by N. and S. Anna rivers, wliich t""mi 
the Paramiky, and flow into York r. Surf.ice diversified, 
with pleasant river valleys; soil of great pniductivcncss. 
Tol»acco is a very large crop, and the staple. Corn and 
wheat yield finely, and there is much good i>aslure. W'ater- 
puwer is iikntiful fur working up all the products, and gnld 
ill small <iuaniilies has been found. Farms 8;is: manuf- 
22 ; dwell. 1,254, and pop.— wh. 6.423, fr. cni. 404, si. 9,-64— 
total 16,601. Ciij'iUU: Louisa C. U. Public Works: Vir- 
ginia Central K. K. 

LoiriSA, p. o., Randolph county, Ala.: 79 miles N. N. E. 
Montgomer>'. 

Lot'i3A, p. T., Stephenson co., lU. : 1S5 m. N. Springfield. 

Louisa, p. v., and c:ip. Lawrence co., Kij.: near the 
junclioaof Big Sandy r. and its W. fork, 129 m. E. Frankfort. 

LocisA C. H., p. v., and cap. Louisa co., Mrg. : 42 m. 
N. W. Eichm<md. It contains a court-house, jaii, academy, 
and several stores and dwellings. The Yirginia Central 
K. B. passes the t. 62 m. from Richmond. 

L<iiiisorKfl, p. v., and cap. Franklin co., K. Car. : on the 
left bank of Tar r., 31 m. N. N. E. Ealcigh. It has an ex- 
tensive trade, and contains a court-house, jail, an academy, 
a dozen stores, and 5U0 inhabitants. 



THE STATE OF LOUISIANA. 

LonsiANA occupies all the territory of the pnrcliase of 1903 below the 33d parallel, and that portion of Spanish Florida 
■west of Pearl Uiver, an<I below the 31st parallel, its front stretching along the Gulf of Mexico for nearly 300 miles. 1 1 lies 
generally between the latitudes 29^ and 3oO N., and between longitudes S^o 40' and 94*^ 23' W. ; and is bounded north 
by x\rkansas and Mississippi ; east by Mississippi, from which it is divided by the river of the same name, and Pearl Biver ; 
south by the Gulf of Mexico ; and west by Texas, the Sabine Eiver being its boundary in this direction more Ihaa two- 
thirds the distance. The area of the land surface of the State is computed at 46,431 square miles. 

The surface of Louisiana is low and generally level, with some hilly ranges of little elevation in the western part, and 
numerous basins or depressions of the suit. The great delta of the Mississippi, included within the Atchafalaya and the 
Iberville, and amounting to one-fourth part the area of the Slate, is seldom elevated more than ten feet above the sea, and 
Is annually inundated by the spring floods. A great part of the delta is composed of sea marsh, which also forms the 
whole soulheni coast to the Sabine, and which, through its whole extent, is subject to inundations by the high tides. To 
the north of this marsh, spreads out the vast level of the prairies, which is but slightly elevated above the former district. 
The western margin of the Mississippi is also a low country, intersected by numerous small rivers, and liable \jr> inunda- 
tion. Tu the West and north of these is an extensive region coniprising one-half of the Slate, considerably broken, but no- 
where exceeding 200 feet in elevation. The section north of the Iberville and Lake Pontcharlrain and east of the Mi>sis- 
aippi is of a similar descriptiun with the north-western region, and, like that, is principally covered with pine. 

The State presents but a limited geological field. It is divided into the leading grades or divisions of tertiary, dilurial, 
and alluvial. The tertiary, occupying about two-fiflhs of the State, lies north of a waving line, commencing on the Sahine 
near the mouth of tlie Neches. crossing Bed River 20 miles north of jUexandria, and the "Washita 10 miles north of Ilarris- 
burg. Its beds contain coal (aluminous brown coal), salt, iron, oehre, gypsum, and marls. The coal is inferinr in that 
of Pittsburg, and could not compete with it in the market, but is worth developing fur use in those portions of the State 
where the better coal would not bear the expense of transportation. It abounds in Sabine, Natchitoches, Ca<ldn, and Do 
Soto, and all the parishes thence east to the Washita. S.ilt springs are common in Natchitoches and Kapi<Ies, and have 
been wrought in earlier times. A saline bed, it is thought, underlies the tertiary series generally. Iron is found in great 
quantities in all the tertiary parishes, and is well worth the attention of those who would develop the Stale's resources. 
()clire. gjpsum, and marls, too, are found — the first in the native form, and the others co-extensive with the tertiary beds. 
The gj'psum is very fine, equal to any known to commerce, and the marls very rich in the regions where they will be moat 
needed. 

About one-fifth of the whole surface is periodically overfiowed by the waters of the Mississippi, and a great portion of 
these inundatetl lands is rendered unfit for cultivation in its present state. This immense alluvial tract embraces soil of 
various dcscrij) lions, which may be arranged into four classes — the first, which is thought to be equal to Iwo-thirds of the 
whole, is covered with heavy timber, and an almost imi)enetraide undergrowth of cane and other shrubbery. This portion 
b quickly drained as the river retires into its natur.il channels, and has a soil of the greatest fertility. The second class 
consists uf cypress swamps: these are basins or depressions of the surface, from which there is no natural outlet, and 
which, being filled wiih water by the floods, remain covered with it until carried ofT by evaporation or absorption; these, 
by draining, might become excellent rice lands. The third class embraces ihe sea marsh, a belt of land partially covered 
by common tides, and subject to inundation from the high waters of the Gulf during the equinoctial gale«; it is generally 
without limber, and its soil is partially clayey, and, in part, as black as ink, cracking by the heat of the sun into fissures 
wide enoush to admit a man's arm. And the fourth chiss consists of small bodies of prairie land dispersed in different 
parts of Ihe alluvial territory. These spots are elevate«l and witliout timber, but of great fertility. The pine lands have 
usually a poor soil, but the interval lamls on the rivers, or bottoms. :is they are universally called in the West, are alwtiys 
rich. On the Bed River the soil contains a portion of salt, and is of a dark-red color, from its containing the oxide of iron. 
A great portion of the prairies Is second-rale land, and some of ihein are sterile. The richest tract in the Stale ia.a nar- 

395 



LOUISIANA. 



row bolt, called the coast, Ijing along the Mississippi on both sides, and extending from 150 mili*5 above to 140 miles below 
New Orleans ; it is from 1 to 2 mile^s wide, and lies below the level of the wat*.T in the river in ordinary times of flood, and 
is only dt-fcndi-d from drowning by a dyke or Iev6e 6 or S feet in height, and sufficiently broad for ft highway. The wholo 
of this tract is under cultivation, and produces valuable crops of sugar. 

The prairies, or unwooded plains, occupy the interior section between the Teche and Sabine ; the water-courses are here 
lined with trees, and occasionally lillle groves or clumps, called, from their isolated appearance in these gra.-isy expanses, 
" islands,"" are met with. Northward of the prairies is an extensive tract, before alluded to as the tertiary region, reaching 
to the northern boundary, and approaching the "Washita on the east, the surface of which is much broken into hills, though 
of moderate height. It consists mostly of pine barrens covered with a vast forest of pitch pine, interspersed willi oaks, 
elms, cypress, honey-locust, etc., in low spots and on the margins of the streams. The tract east of the Mississippi and 
north of the Iber\-ille and the connected lakes, closely resembles that last described in its surface and finest growtlis. It is, 
in fact, a part of the same upland plain whose margin on the western side is separated from the river-bed by tlie low, inun- 
dated lands, but on the east comes up to the channel of the river, in many places forming those prominent blulfs on which 
stand Baton Eouge, St. Francisville, Fort Adams, Natclu-z, and Vieksburg. 

The Mississippi, after having formed the boundary of the State for about 450 miles, enters its limits 350 miles from tho 
sea, by the course of the river channel. Throughout this distance of SOO milee, its western bank is low, and flooded in 
high stages of the water. At the point where it enters the State, it throws off its first outlet, the Atchafalaya, and here 
may be said to commence the delta of the river. Tho Atchafalaya, here called the Chafalio, receives the waters of tho 
Mississippi only in flood, and the navigation is obstructed by collections of timber, often covered with mud and weeds, 
which choke up its channel. The Teclie and Courtableau are its principal tributaries. The Bayou riaqnemine,,the next 
considerable outlet of the Mississippi, discharges the waters of that river into the Atchafalaya during the floods, and is the 
channel cif trade between the country on the Atchafalaya and New Orleans. Lower down is the La Fourche outlet which 
has high banks along its upper course, and admits vessels of 4 or 5 feet draft nearly to its head. On the left bank tlie 
Bayou Manchac, a little below Baton Kongo, or the last highland passed in descending the Mississippi, is tlic first and prin- 
cipal outlet; afler receiving the River Amite from Mississippi, it takes the name of Iberville Eiver. It may here be re- 
marked that the term "bayou," applied to arms of rivers in Louisiana, is generally conflned to those that have no proper 
current, but are sometimes stagnant, and flow sometimes in one direction, and sometimes in another, according to tho 
high or low stage Of the waters — it ajjpears to be a corruption of bayait, used in the sense of the corresponding English 
sea-term " gut." 

The Ked Hiver is the most important and, indeed, with the exception of two or three raagniflcent streams on the eastern 
side above Baton Kouge, the only tributary of the .Mississippi within this State ; for the surrounding country being lower 
tium the river banks, its waters can not gain access to the bed. The Red River rises in the Rocky Moimlaius, and flowing 
eastwardly along the nnrth border of Texas, and into Arkansas, turns to the south, and passes into Louisiana. Soon after 
entering this State, its bed is clioked up by an immense aecamnlalion of fallen timber, called the " Raft," and the water 
is dispersed into numeroxL. channels, and spread over wide expanses. The Raft extended formerly over a distance of 160 
niiles, but its length has been materially diminished, and, in fact, its complete removal is considered certain. Below 
Nachitochcs the river divides into several arms, which again unite above Alexandria, and its waters reach llie Mississippi 
just above the first outlet, after a course of 2,000 miles, of which l,5it0 miles is open to steam navigation. The Black 
Eiver, its principal tributary, is formed by the junction of the Tensas, Washita, Catahnula or Little River, all considerable 
streams, and navigable by steamboats; but most of the country along tlieir courses is overflowed. The Bayou du Bou 
Dieu is also a large ana navigable river, which enters it above the Black. There are numerous lakes in this section of 
tlie State, formed chiefly by the overflowings of the rivers, whicli fill the low Kisitis back of their banks, lu the st>ulh are 
the Vermillion, Mermenfeau, and Calcasieu, which, rising in a tract of pine hills to the south of the Red River, and flowing 
Uirough the great pastoral plains of the west, reach the low marshy strip to the Mexican Gulf, and spread into shallnw 
lagoons. The Sabine, which parlakes of the character of the last described rivers, is, however, a consiilerable stream, 
rising fartlK-r to the north in Texas, and is a navigable river beyond the Louisiana boundary, but its mouth is obstructed 
by a bar. From the north-eastern pine region, the Pearl, Tangipaod, Chefuncta, and Iberville, large navigable rivers, flow 
into ihe lakes and passes which sep;irate that region from the fluviatile district. The Iberville, formed by the junction of 
the Amite from the north, and the Manehac from the west, enters the head of Lake Maurepas, which is from lo U> 12 feel 
deep, and c^mnected witli Lake Ptmtehartrain by the Pass Manchac. Lake Pontchartrain is about 40 miles long, and ^4 
miles wide, with an average depth of 10 fathoms, but is 8lialli>w nea the shores. Vessels drawing S feet of water cnn, 
however, go up to Madisonville and to the mouth of Bayou St. John, in the rear of New Orleans; and not more than that 
draft can be carried through the passes or channels called the Rigi>let3 and Chef Menteur, through wlijch it communi- 
cates with Lake Borgne. This last is, properly speaking, no lake, but tlie termination of Paseagnnla Sound ; it approaches 
to within 15 miles of New Orleans, and boats c^-m go up the bayoux that empty into it to within a shurt disUmce of the city. 
It is of about the same average depth with Lake Pontchartrain, but somewhat deeper along the shores. 

Louisiana is remarkably destitute of good harbors. Vessels drawing 8 feet of water can go up to Madisonville on Lake 
Pontchartrain. but the other inlets on the coast are shallow. There is, however, a go<xi roadstead on the west side of 
Chandeleur Islands, called the Road of Naso, in whicii the heavy vessels of the English fleet lay during the expedition 
against New Orleans. Numerous sheets of water, improperiy called lakes, lie along the coast Of Lake Borgne mention 
has already been made. Barataria, Vermillion, COle Blanclie, Atchafalaya, and Simballier Bays, are shallow tide basins. 
In the interior, lakes L*AUemandsand Chelimachcs arc large bodies of waters. 

Although Louisiana extends more than a degree fartlier south than any other portion of the Union, except the Penin- 
eula of Florida, its winters are longer and more severe there than in the corresponding latitudes on the Atlantic bonU-rs. 
Thus, according to Darby, New Orleans has the winters of Charleston, which is nearly two degrees farther north, and the 
live oak, which on the Atlantic is found as far north as 34^, does not in I^>uisiana occur above SOO 30' ; but that writer h.is 
overlooked the fact that the live oak is a maritime tree, and does not grow more than 20 or 25 miles from the sea. The 
tall palmetto, or cabl>age palm, and the long leafed pine, so characteristic of the southern Atlantic Slates, do not appear 
here ; nor does the China orange thrive higher than 30^ 80'. The clitnate is favorable to the peach and fig tree ; but the 
apple can not be cultivated to advantage, and the cherrj' is wholly unproductive. The agncultural staples are cotton and 
sui;ar; rice, maize, or Indian corn, and tobacco, are also cultivated, but have been neglected for the first named articles; 
and indigo, which was formerly a staple, has been abandoned. The prairie lauds of the west afl!brd valuable pastures; 
and here jtre found large herds of cattle and horses. In the north-western part of the Slate, between the Mississippi and 
396 



LOUISIANA. 



Pearl Rivers, mufli lumber is cut for exporlalion, and much tar, pilch, and turpentine i3 prepared. The collon plant 13 
cuUivaled chiefly on the Red River and in the norlh-e.astem paria of the State ; but there i3 no parish in which it is not 
produced in a greater or less quantity. Suijar is planted as far north .as the head of the delta, and it has been raised with 
Kuecess in the parish of Rapides. It was formerly asserted that it would not thrive farther north than the 3Utli parallel. 
Those interested in the productions of the south and south-west will find elaborate essays on each staple cultivated in 
those regions in De Bow's work, " Tlic Iiidmtrial lie^miircffi, **(o., 0/ tlw Southern and Wf'stsrn States,^' publisjied in 
1S5'2, in S volumes, a work which every statesman .an<l commercial man ought to place within his immediate reach, and 
fVeqnently consult. It is a perfect encyclopedia of nalion.al economica. 

Louisiana is divided into two Districts ; the Eastern District h.as 21 parishes, and the Wostem District 3G parishes, 
the general statistics of wliieh, and the capitals of each in 1850, were as follows : 



KASTEaW LOtJISlANA. 



Ascension 755 . 

Assumption 926. 

E. Baton Kouge„l,(li4. 
East Fehciana.. 713. 

Iberville 63S. 

JelTerson 3,v25, 

LaFourche 1)3S. 

Livingston 4S<) . 

Otleans 15,021 

Plaquemines G15 

Point Coupee... 76U. 



Pop- Sl 

10,752.. 157.. 
. 10,6.3S..520. 
. 11,977.. 237.. 
. 13,598.. 3G1.. 
. 12,214.. 219.. 
. 26,fl91.. 81. 
. 9,533. 2.33. 
. 3,.3.?5..219. 
.119,461.. 61. 
. 7,390.. 205. 
. 11,.339..24S.. 



0. 
0. 

n. 
49. 
10. 
54.. 

4.. 

86. 

521. 

0. 

0. 



Avoyelles. . 
Bienville . . 
Bossier . . . . 

Caddo 

Calcasieu . . 
Caldwell. . . 

Carroll 

Cal^ihoula. 
Claiborne. . 
Concordia . 
DeSoto.... 
Franklin... 
Jackson . . . 



PwelL 

..792... 
..671... 
..473... 
..742... 
..MS... 
..300... 
..6S2... 
..655.. 
..842... 
..219... 
..685... 
.MS... 
. .022... 



Pop. 

.9,326. 
.5,539. 
.6,902. 
.8,8.54. 
.8,914. 
.2,815. 
.8,739. 
.6,982, 
.7,471. 
.7,753. 
.8,019. 
.8,251. 
.5,606. 



Fi»nn«. 
in ciiit. 

...393., 

...271.. 

...883.. 

...305. 

...239. 

...135. 

...233. 

...353. 

...651. 

...14S.. 

...427.. 

...283. 

...390. 



Miimif. 
EHlnb. 

. 5.... 

. 2....: 
. 0.... 
. 0.... 
. 0.... 
. 1.... 
.10.... 
. 3.... 
. 3.... 
. 0.... 



»'• C.pi»l,. 


Pari3!ie8. 


Dwell. 


Pop. 


.Donahlsonville 


St. Bernard.. 


...23:3. 


. 8,803. 


..Assumption 


St. Ch.arles... 


...191. 


. 6,120. 


.Baton RottGE 


St. Helena... 


...390. 


. 4,501 


.Jackson 


St. James 


....591 


.11,093 


.Iberville 


St. John Baptist.. 530 


. 7,317. 


..LaF.ayetto 


St. Tammany 


....736 


. 6,364 


. .Thibodcauville 


Tcrre Bonne. 


....650 


. 7,7'24. 


..Springfield 


"W.ashington.. 


. . . .406 


. 3,408 


..New Orleans 


W. Baton Rouge. 392 


. 6.270. 


. . Fort Jackson 


W. Feliciaua. 


....699 


.13,345 


.Point Coupee 








WESTEEN 


LOtOSIANA. 






Cnpitals. 


P.iriah<f9. 


Dirells. 


Pop. 


Marksville 


La Fayette. . . 


. 630.. 


6,720. 


Mount Lebanon 


M.idison .... 


443.. 


8,773. 


Eelleview 


Moreh.anae... 


872.. 


3,013. 


Shreveport 


Nachiloches . 


1,4;B.. 


14,201. 


Marion 


Kapidcs 


1,0.32.. 


10,661. 


Columbia 


Sabine 


. 632.. 


4,515. 


L. Providence 


St. Landry . . . 


2,421.. 


22,253. 


Harrisonburg 


St. Martin's.. 


. 940.. 


.11,107. 


Homer 


St. Mary's.... 


. 746.. 


. 8,603. 


Vidalia 


Tensas 


. 244.. 


. 9,040. 


M-ansfleld 


Union 


. 942.. 


. 8,203. 


Winnsborough 


Vermillion... 


. 406.. 


. 3,409. 


Vernon 


Wachita 


. 442.. 


. 6,008. 



Farma 
inculL 


Mann 
Esl.ib 


.. 84. 


0.. 


.. 70. 


. 8.. 


..373. 


. 9.. 


..145. 


. 6.. 


..162. 


. 14.. 


1.. 90. 


. 83.. 


..224. 


. 4.. 


..260. 


. 0.. 


..133. 


. 10.. 


..234. 


.147.. 



'■ Cnpitals. 

TiTrP Aux Booiifs 
.St, Ch:irIosC. U. 

Gn't'iisbiirg 

Brill giLTS 
.Bonnet Carre 

Cuviiiijtun 

Hniini:i 

Franklinlon 

B:iton KougeCn. 

St FraxicisvUle, 



Farms, 
ill cult. 


Manu 
E»t«b 


■ Capitals 


..441. 


. 0.. 


.Vemiillionvitle 


..218. 


.24.. 


.Richmond 


..260. 


. 4.. 


.Bastrop 


..842. 


. 9.. 


.Nachitochea 


..187. 


.11.. 


.Alex,andria 


..522. 


. 5.. 


.Manny 


..775. 


.18.. 


.Opelousas 


..420. 


. 0. 


.St. Martiusvillo 


..198. 


. 0.. 


.Franklin 


..165. 


. 6. 


.St. -Joseph's 


..717. 


.. 1. 


.Farmersville 


..193. 


. 0. 


.La Fayclto 


..242. 


.. 4. 


.Monroe 



The whole number of dwellings in the St.ate was, at the above d.ate, 49,101 ; of families 54,112, and of inhabitants 
511.974, viz. : whites 255,416— males 141,0.59, and females 114,.3,j7 ; free col. 17,537— males 7,59S, and females 9,939, and 
slaves 289,021 Of the whole population, there were ileufaml dumh—wh. 89, fr. col. 5, si. 84— totjd 128 ; llhid—vh. 67, fr. 
col. 2.5, si. 126— total -213 ; jjwi/jif- wli. 1.50, fr. col. 15, si. 4;J— loUil 203 ; and idiotic— wh. 104, fr. col. 13, si. 36— total 173. 
The number of fl-ee persons bora in the United Suites was 205,921 ; the number of foreign birth 66.41-3, and of birth un- 
known 620. The vativf population originated as follows ; Maine 810, N. Ilamp. 247, Verm. 283, Mass. 1,620, R. I. 239, 
Conn. 469, N. York 5,510, N. -Ter. 498. Penn. 2,493, Del. 117, Ind. 1,440, Dist. of Col. 156, Virg. 3,210, N. Car. 2,923, S. 
Car. 4583, Ga. 5,917, Flor. 372, Ala. 7,-310, Miss. 10.913, Louisiana 145,474, Tex. S64, Ark. 803, Tenn. 8,3-i2, Ky. 2,908, 
Ohio, 1,473, Mich. 63, Ind. 414, 111. 401, Mo. 909, la. 23, Wise. 7, Calif. 1, Territories 1 ; and the foreign population w.is 
composed of persons from— England 3,550, Ireland 24,266, Scotland 1,190, Wales 48, Germany 17,507, France 11,552, 
Spain 1,417, Portugal 157, Belgium 115, Holland 112, Turkey 43, It.ily 915, Austria 150, Switzerl-and 723, Russia 65, 
Denmar k23S, Nonvay 04, Sweden 249, Prussia 330, Sardinia 9, Greece 23, China 33, Asia 17, Africa 90, BriL America 499, 
Mexico 405, Cent. America 8, S. America 15, West Indies 1,337, Sau-Kvich Islands I, and other countries 1,173. 

The following table will show the decennial progress of the population since the first census of the State taken by the 
United States Dulhorities: 



Colored Persons, 



Census Wliite 

Years. IVr.^ons. Free. SiaTe. Total. 

1810 84,311 7.5S5 84,660 42,24,5.. 

1S20 7.3,333 10,960 69,004 170,024 . 

1830 89,231 16,710 109,5'?8 120,29S.. 



1S40 153.457 25,.502. 



1S50. 



....108,4.52. 



.193,9.54, 



Total 

Popnl.itioo. 

.... 70,5,50... 
....1.13,407... 
....21,5„529... 
....352.411... 



Deeennial Increase, 
Numerical, Percent, 



. 76,851 100.4 

. 02,122 40.5 

.1-30,832 63.5 



.255,416 17,637 2.39,021 256,558 611,974 159,563 45.3 



The stjitistical returns of the industry and wealth of Louisiana, .as furnished by the seventh census of the United States 
taken in 1850, and other olBcial documents refering to the same period, are as follows : 

Oecnpied Lands. et<'. — Improved lands, 1,590.025 acres, and unimproved lands. 3,939,013 acres — valued in cash at 
$75.814.398 ; number of farms under cultivation, 13,423— in western division, 9,209, and in eastern division, 4,218. Value 
offarming implements and machinery, $11,576,93.8. 

Zir(>-.^(ocX-.— Horses, 89.614 ; asses and mules, 44,849 ; milch cows, 105,,576; working oxen, 54,968; other cattle, 414,798; 
sheep, 110,3.33: swine, 597.301. The returns under this head in 1340 sum up thus— horses, mules, etc., 99,883; neat cattle 
of all descriptions, 331,243; sheep, 98,072; and swine, 323,220. 

397 



LOUISIANA. 

Grain Crops. — Wheat, 417 bushels ; rye, 475 bushels ; Indian corn, 10,226,873 bushels ; oats, S9,G37 bushels ; barley, 
bushels; and buckwheat, 3 bushels. The crops of ls;J9-40 were— wheat, 60 bushels; barley, bushels; oate, 107,8S3 
busliWs; rye, 1,S12 bushels ; buckwheat, bushels; Indian corn, 5,952,912 bushels. 

OtJi^r Staple Crops.— \l\ce, 4,425,349 (in 1840, 3,G04,5:J4) pounds; tobacco, 2C,S7S (in 1S40, 119,S24) pounds; ginned 
cnlt*jn, 178,737 bales of 400 pountls each, or 71,494,800 (in 1S40, 152,555,368) pounds; augar^maple, 255 pounds, and cane, 
226,001 tin 1S40, 119,947JJ hogsheads of 1,000 pounds ; and molasses, 10,931,177 gallons. 

Mi^'ccUaneo^iJS Cropi^.—Veas, and beans, 161,732 bushels; potatoes— Irish, 95,032, and sweet, 1,425,453 bushels; hay, 
25,752 tons ; clover-seed, 3 bushels, and other grass-seeds, 97 bushels; hops, 125 pounds; hemp — dew-rotted, (i tons, and 
water-rotted, tons; flax, pounds; flax-seed, bushels; wine, 15 gallons, etc The value of orchard products for 
Uie year was, $22,359, and of market-garden products, $145,829. 

ProihivU o/^H/mt//*.— Wool, Hi9,S97 (in 1S40, 49.2S3) pounds; butterj 683,069 pounds; cheese, 1,957 pounds; and 
value of animals slaughtered during U»e year had been $1,458,990. Silk cocoons were produced to the amount of 29 (in 
1S4<I, 317) pounds; and beeswax and honey, to that of 96,701 pounds. 

Jlmne-madi^ manufiutitres for the year ending 1st June, 1850, were produced to the value of $139,232. 

The comparison of the principal crops in 1840 and 1850 results as follows: 

Staples. ]8<0, 1 850. WoTpmtnt 

Indian Com 6,952,912 bushels .... 10,226.373 bushels incr. 4,273,461 bushels, or 71-79 per cent. 

Eiee 8,6)t4,534 pounds .... 4,425,349 pounds incr. 820,815 pounds, or 22-73 " 

Tobacco n9.s24 " .... 26,878 « .... deor. 92,946 " or 77*57 " 

Ginned Cotton 152,555.368 " .... 71,494,800 *' deer. 81,060,563 " or5314 « 

Cane Sugar li9.947,7--'0 " .... 226,001,000 ** .... incr. 106,053,230 •* or 88-42 ** 

It is thus apparent that all the great crops, except that of cotton, have materially increased ; but the falling off in the 
cotton crop is more apparent than real, the greater part of it having been destroyed by the extraordinary and destructive 
floods, which swept over whole plantations in the fall of 1S49, to which year the census returns of 1S50 refer. It is a well- 
known fact, however, that the cullurc of sugar in Louisiana is employing the labor formerly devoted to cotton, and this 
change of crops is annually progressing. *l 

Manu/aHnres. — Aggregate capital invested, $0,000,000; value of raw Jiiaterial, ftiel, etc, consumed, $0,000,000; 
average number of hands employed, 00,000— males, 00,000, and females, 0,000 ; average monthly cost of labor $000,000 — 
male $000,000, and female $00,000 ; total value of products for the year ending 1st June, 1850, $0,000,000. The whole 
number of manufacturing establishments in the State producing to the value of $500 and upward annually, at the above 
date was 1,021 — in western district 121, and in eastern district 900 ; and of these, 8 were manufacturing castings of iron, 
and there were 15 tanneries, the remainder consisting of mills, and oiher establishments usual in a Southern agricultural 
State. 

The iron manufacture employed a capital of $255,000 ; pig iron consumed, 1.660 tons; mineral coal consumed, 3,205 
tons ; value of all raw material used. $75,300 ; hands employed, 347 ; average monthly wages, $35 60 ; castings made, 1,570 
tons; value of entire products, $312,500. 

The tfin Dcri^s employed a capital of $38,800 ; value of raw material used, $26,440 ; average number of hands employed, 
54 — males 51, and females, 3 ; monUily cost of labor — male, $930, and female, $22 ; number of skins tanned, 2,S50, and of 
sides, 21.000; value of skins and hides wTien tanned, $55,025. 

The distrilmtion of the manufactures is very unequal, ami many of the parislies are entirely without them : of the 900 
establishments in the eastern district, 521 are in Orleans pariA, 147 in West Feliciana, 54 in Jefferson, 49 in East 
Feiiciana, 36 in Livingston, 83 in St. Tammany, 14 in St, John Uaptist, 10 each in West Eaton Kouge and lber\'ille, 9 in 
St. Helena. 6 in SL James, 4 each in La Fourche and Terre B'miic, and 3 in St. Charles— Ascension, Assumption, East 
Baton Eouge, Plaquemines, Point Coupee, St, Bernard, and Washington, returning no manufactures ; and of the 121 in 
the western district 24 are in Madison, IS in St. Laundry, 11 in Kapides, 10 in Carroll, 9 each in De Soto and 
Nachitoches, 6 each in Tensas and Jackson, 5 each in Avoyelles and Sabine, 4 each in Morehause and Wachita, 3 each 
in Catahoula and Claiborne, 2 in Bienville, and one each in Caldwell and Union — Bossier, Caddo, Calcasieu, Concordia, 
Franklin, Lafayette, St. Martin, St. Mary, and Vermillion returning none. 

Com »wrt'i?.— In the aggregate of exports and imports, Louisiana is second only to New York, but in the amount of its 
imports both Massachusetts and Pennsylvania exceed iL The total value of its exports lo foreign countries in the yeai 
ending 3<)th Jime, 1850, was $38,105,350, of which $37,695,277 was the value of domestic produce exported, and $407,073 
Uic value of re-exported foreign produce. The value of domestic produce carried in American bottoms was $20,927,751, 
and in foreign bottoms $16,770,526 ; and the value of foreign rc-cxiwrts carried in American bottoms, was $323,930, and 
in foreign bottoms $78,143. The total value of imports was $10,760,499, of which the value brought in American bottoms 
was $8,107,929, and in foreign bottoms $2,652,570. The shipping employed in this trade was as follows: 



NfltioQiility. 
American.. 
I'oreiiiU . . . 



Biiirrrxo entered. 

Nvinilier. Tons Men. 

524 175.969 6.620 

374 174,8^ 6.442 



Total. 



.S9S 350,853. 



.13,002 



SmPI'INO CLEARED. 
Niitiiinrility. Nnmljer. Tons. M*n. 

American 493 211.Sn0 7,575 

FtJTeigti 350 158,137 5.780 

Total 843 869,937 13.355 



The wholfi of this commerce and navigation belongs to the district of which New Orleans is the port of entry, except 
two American ships of 904 tons and 14 men. which are entered in the district of Techc 

The aggregate ot the shipping owned in Louisiana amoinite<l at the date specified to 250,090 tons, of which the whole, 
except l,3sl tons enrolled and licensed shipping owned in the district of Techc, belonged to the district of New Orleans. 
Of the aggregate, 83,668 tons were registered, 160,632 tons were enrnlled and licensed, and 5,789 tons were licensed (under 
20 tons.) Of the registered shipping, 6,889 tons, and of the two latter classes 144,724 tons were navigated by steam; and 
dunng the year 24 vessels, viz., 1 ship, 16 schooners, 3 sloops, and 4 steamers, of an aggregate burden of 1,592 Ions, 
were built in the Slate. 
898 



LOUISIANA. 



The statiaUca of the foreign trade of the Stale for a scries ofj-^ars, exhibit the following movement; 



Tenrs. Exports. 

1804 $1,600,862 , 

1806 8,.3n,545 

1S06 8,88T,.323 

1S07 4,.520,5S5 

1808 1,261,101 

1809 Wl,924 

ISIO 1,890,952 

1811 2.650,050 

1813 1,060.471 

181.3 l,04.'i,15.3 

ISU ,387,191 

1815 5,102.610 

1816 6,6ll2,94S 

1S17 9,034,812 

1818 12,924.3119 

ISIU 9,768,753 



Imports. 



Tsara. Elporti. 

1820 J7,596,l,')7 .... 

1821 7,272,172 ... 

1822 7,978,646 ... 

1823 7,779,072 ... 

1S24 7,028,820 ... 

1825 12,.5S2,924 ... 

1826 10,284,380 ... 

1827 11,728,997 ... 

1828 11,947,400 ... 



Imports. 



1829 12,380,000 ... 

1830 15,488,692 ... 

18.31 16,761,989 ... 

18:)2 16,6:30,930 ... 

ls:« 18,941,373 ... 

1834 23,7.59,61)7 

1835 36,270,823 

Coa'tiiig and River rrac?*-.— The coasting trade of Louisiana is equally valuable with its foreign trade, and its trado 
with the interior is perhaps fully equal to both the foreign and coastwise trade together. These, however, will be fully 
examined under the head of " New Orleans," and hence, in this connection, the aggregates alone need be exhibited. Tho 
arrivals and clearances in the coasting trade for the year ending 30lh June, ISol, were as follows : 



8,379,717 
8,817,2.38 
4,383.125 
4,5:59,709 
4,290,0.34 
4,167,521 
4,.5:il,l>t5 
6,217.881 
6.857.209 
7,.'.99,fl83 
9,766,093 
S,sn,663 
9,.590,505 
13,781,809 
17,619,814 



rears. 


Ei[iorts. 


Imjiort", 


1&56.... 


... 87.179.328 . 


.$15,117,649 


1837.... 


... 85,388,697 . 


. . 14,020,012 


18.38.... 


... 31,.5fl2,248 . 


. . 9.496,808 


1839.... 


... 3:!.l 84.167 . 


. 12,804,942 


ISiO.... 


... 34.2.36,936 . 


.. 10.67:5.190 


1841.... 


... .34,:'.87,4*) . 


.. 10.256.:!50 


1842.... 


... 2*.4II4,149 . 


. . 8.03;>,590 


1843.... 


... 27,390,424 . 


.. 8.170.015 


1S44.... 


... 3n.4:i«.3ll7 . 


. . 7,--26.7s9 


]84o.... 


... 27.1.57.465 . 


.. 7,:?.'4,:i97 


1846.... 


... 31.275.704 . 


. 7.223,090 


1847.... 


... 47.1151,6:13 . 


. . 9.222,909 


1848.... 


... 40.971. :W1 . 


. . 9.380.4.39 


1819.... 


... 37.011,«fi7 . 


.. 111,11.50,697 


1850.... 


... 38,10o,:»n . 


.. 10,760,499 



let Quartei 
Vesaela. 



Tor 



MoTemenu. 

Entrances 205 93,008 

Clearances 199 .... 67,443 



303 
275 



124,585 
76,789 



865 
424 



125,033 
131,363 



<tli Quarter. 
Vessels. Tei 



305 
829 



123,190 
97,579 



3,481,624 



T.ilal. 



ssels. 



1,178 
1,227 



Tons. 
.... 466,415 
.... 86:3,173 

$27,228,912 



Value of exiiorla coastwise $2,859,667 $6,177,128 $11,707,593 

The fcillomiig will show the quantity and destination of some of the principal 8t,iple3 of export in the year above 
quoted : 



Flo.ir. 


Port!. 


Baron. 


Lard. 


Beef. 


Wl.iskj. 


Corn. 


Cotton. 


Tobacco. 


S..S 


ar. 


Mo 


asses. 


Ports. Mils, 


bbls. 


lilids. 


lie-9. 


bills. 


bbls. 


fia{ k«. 


bales. 


libfis. 


hlids. 


bbls. 


blids. 




New York .72,584. 


.55,849. 


. ■9,856. 


.209,835. 


..3,055. 


..1,381. 


.100,728. 


.62,898. 


,10,087. 


. 13,695. 


. 655. 


.509. 


..22,646 


Boston 88,925. 


.77,800. 


. 6,530. 


.234.333. 


.18,4:35. 


..2,242. 


. 32,461. 


...82.540. 


..1.694. 


. 733. 


. 27. 


. — . 


. 2,172 


Philadelphia 41S. 


. 5,538. 


. 2,763. 


. 41.045. 


. 421. 


.. 268. 


, 9,477. 


.14,867. 


..1,118. 


.10,264. 


. 867. 


. — . 


. 7,7:35 


Baltimore... -»- . 


.13,421. 


. 1,843. 


. 32.585. 


. 965. 


..1,542. 


. — . 


. 2,511. 


.. 745. 


. 3.670. 


237. 


. — . 


. 2,803 


Charleston.. 6.175. 


. 1.0113. 


2.872 . 


. 2,769.. 


. 119. 


.11,514. 


. 23,978. 


. — . 


. — . 


. 3.517. 


660. 


. 9. 


. 7,031 


Other ports 150,900. 


.23,890. 


19,972. 


. 40,046.. 


. 3,785. 


.80,383. 


.150,125. 


1. 


. 291.. 


.12,363. 


0,198. 


.118. 


. .21.578 



The total quantities of the above specified articles exported to foreign and domestic ports, were as follows : 

583,418. .192.7.37. .46,241 . . .7:38.956. . .42,415. .67,392. . .6:35,.382. .997,453. ,54,5111. . .44,147. .8,644, , ,6.30 . . 67,024 

The receipts from the interior by the Mississippi Kiver in the same yeai*(1850-.51) were valued at $106.924,08.3, and 
comprised ;ill the various staples for which the several regions of prorluctlon are noted, alike mineral, vegetable, and ani- 
mal ; and there is. besides tlie river trade, an immense traflle on the new canal. The total number of flat-boats arriving 
at New Orleans during the year was 941. of which 218 were from Ohio, 63 from Kentucky, 298 from Indiana, 12 from Vir- 
ginia, 222 from Pennsylvania, 19 from Illmois, 104 from Tennessee, and 10 from JIississii)pi ; and the whole number of 
steamboat arrivals was 2,918. 

Internal /7n/)rM:«?!«!to.— Hitherto Louisiana has depended i\ith eonfldence on the great natural facilities for inland 
communication the State enjoys by means of the niagnifleent river and its tlcpendeneies which traverse its surface ; but 
when it was discovered that the North had, by means of the Illinois Canal, constructed an artificial outlet for this great 
river into the lakes, this dream of security vanished, and the people interested in the commerce of the Gulf p"rts at once 
beset themselves to remedy the impending destruction of a commerce uneqnaled in extent by but one other sectiou of the 
I.Inion. The magniflcent lines of railroads from the '■ father of waters" to the Atlantic Ocean, were also diverting a vast 
amount of the legitimate trade which naturally concentrated at New Orleans. .\nd all these changes in the .avenues of 
trade had been allowed to proceed, and with the exception of a few local railroads, Louisiana had not even extended her 
arms to arrest their influences. Awakened to a sense of duty, however, by the results of these new works — decreased 
receipts of produce, and decreased returning merchandise— no time was lost in premises, but the whole south-west met in 
convention at New Orleans, and unanimously resolved to cope with the leviathans which were sapping the foundations of 
their commercial prosperity. The principal remedies proposed were the extension of the railroad from New Orleans and 
the Gulf ports to the nrjrth and north-east, and seek a new market in the west by builiiiiig lines into Texas. .\rkans.TS. etc. 
The first would counlenail the northern improvements, which bad superseded the old river-eourse of trade, atid by offering 
a more direct and rapid channel to the sea, recover the prefenuiee the de])Osit at New Orleans had formerly enjoyed. 
The improvement of the channel of the Mississippi below New Orlerms, was also recommended, and will doubtlessly be 
undertaken by the general government at no distant period. The restilts of the convention have been an active enforce- 
ment of its recommendations, and numerous lines of railroad are being laid out and constructed in the directions indicated, 
the most important of which are the New Orleans. Jackson, and Northern l'., 15.. and the railroads from the Missis--!ippi 
toward Texas, from Lake Providence, via Shreveport, Marshall, etc., from Natchez, ri.i Slireveporl, etc., and from New 
Orleans, ria Opelous.as, Iluntsville, etc Railroads are also being built in almost every ilire.lion, to connect with the lines 
of other States, or afford facilities to the gulf ports generally ; and at no distant day, it may be foreseen, Louisiana will bo 
on a par with, or have outstripped many of her now successful competitors. 

JBankf. «*•.— In December, 1850, the bank returns of Louisiana showed that there were nf fliaf period 5 banks, and 20 
branch banks m the State, the .aggregate condition of which was ai follows : Zju{iiii7J<.,s— capital $12,570,890, circulation 

89» 



LOUISIANA. 



$5,059^229, deposits $8,464,389, and due other banks $1,884,232; and assets—loam and discounts $10,309,103, real estate 
$2,255,109, other iuvestments $2,042,149, due by other banks $2,225,S96, specie funds $1,200,000, and specie $5,71G,001, 
The whole number of banks arc located itt New Orleans, the country banks being their branches. 

Govenwi^/it~The present constitution, which superseded the flrst constitution of the State*, formed in 1812, was ratified 
by the people on the 5th November, 1845. 

Every free white male person 21 years of age, two years a citizen of the United States, or resident in the State for two 
consecutive years next preceding the election, and the last Uiereof in the parish in which he proposes to Tote, is allowed 
the j'ight of sufrnge. Absence from the State for more than 90 consecutive days, unless his house or place of business be 
occupied by his family or servants, interrupts the resi'lence of the absentee. 

The Legislature consists of a House of Representatives and a Senate ; representatives not less than 70, nor more than 
100 in number (now 97), and 16 senators, being half the whole number of senators, are chosen every second year, on the 
first Monday in November, and convene at the capital every second year, on the third Monday in January. Ilepresentar 
tivea must be free white males, 21 years of age, citizens of the United States, and residents of the State f^r the three years 
and residents of the i)arish for one year next preceding their election. A census will bo taken in 1S55, and everj- ten 
years thereafter, which will form the basis of apportionment ; but every parish is entitled to at least one representative. 
Senators are chosen for foiu- years. A senator must be 27 years of age, ten years a citizen of the United Stales, four yeaiB 
a resident of the State, and one year of the district he represents. Deducting the population of New Orleans from that of 
the State, the remainder, divided by 2S, is the senatorial ratio for the districts. No .session of the legislature shall last 
more than 60 days, and no act passed after being CO days in session is valid. Members may address either house in the 
French or English languages, and the proceedings are published in both languages. Any one who fights a duel, acts aa 
second, or sen<is or accepts a challenge, shall neither hold an office, nor enjoy the right of suffrage in the State. 

The GofteiTt or is chosen by a plurality of votes, and holds office for four years. He must be 35 years of age, and a citi- 
zen of the United States, and resident in the State for 15 years next preceding his election. The Lieutenant-governor is 
elected for the same term, in the same manner, and nmst be similarly qualified. The governor is ineligible for the four 
years succeeding his term. He may veto a bill, but two-thirds of both houses may pass it again, and it thus becomes law. 
The Ueutenant-governor is ea-'f^cio president of the Senate. 

The principal adminiMrative officers are the Secretary of State, State Treasurer, Surveyor-gen eraf, Adjutant and Ii>- 
spector-general, Auditor of Accounts, etc. The Treasurer is chosen biennially by Joint ballot of the legislature. 

The Judickiry consists of the Supreme Court and District Courts. The Supreme Court consists of a Chief Justice and 
three associate Justices, appointed by the Governor, with the advice and consent of the Senate, for the terra of eight 
years. The Court sils in Now Orleans from the first Monday in November to the end of June inclusive. The Supremo 
Court has appellate jurisdiction only when more than $300 is in dispute, when the legality of any tax is in question, on all 
fines and penalties imposed by municipal corporations, and in criminal cases on points of law where death, hard labor, or 
a fine of more than $300 is imposed. The Court may issue writs of habeas corpus in all cases where they have appellate 
Jurisdiction. If the Judges are equally divided, the judgment appealed from stands aflarmed. The C^jurt has a reporter 
and clerks in New Orleans, Opelousas, Alexandria, an<l Monroe. The State is divided into seventeen districts. One 
district judge is appointed for each district, except for the district of New Orleans and Lafayette, where as many are 
appointed as are necessary. District judges must be citizens of the United States, above thirty years old, resident of the 
State for five years, and have practiced law therein five years. District Courts have jurisdiction when more than $60 ifl at 
stake, and in all criminal cases. 

The State has an Attorney-general, and in each district there is a District Attorney, appointed for two years. All civil 
0fl5cers, except the governor and the ju<lges, are removable on an address of a majority of both houses of the legislature:. 

Amendments of the constitution nmsl first be approved by three-fifths of both houses, then published in the news- 
papers throughout the State three months before the next general election, then approved by a majority of both houses 
in the next succeeding legislature, then published again as beibre, then submitted to the people, and if ratified by a 
majority of voters, the amendments shall form a part of the constitution.* 

The militia of Louisiana consists of 43,823 men of all arms, of which number 1,892 are commissioned officers, and 
42,431 non-commissioned officers, musicians, artificers, and privates. Of the commissioned officers 10 are general officers, 
55 general staff officers, 159 field officers, and 1,163 company officers. Every free white male person between the ages of 
18 and 45 is liable to militia duty, unless exempt by law. 

The most noted of the benevolent institutions of the State is the Charity Hospital at New Orleans, the benefits of which 
have been experienced by lhousan<ls who have been txtken sick in that malarious city, and as many thousands have 
blessed the nursing hand of the kind sisters whose vocation it may have been to attend to their wants. In 1S49 the 
number of admissions to this famous hospital was 15,55S, of which 1,7S3 were natives of the United States, and 13,654 
wore foreigners, and 71 were blacks and 12,216 white males, and 3,342 white females. The number of deaths was 2,745, 
of which 2,369 were males and 370 females, and 1,122 died of Asiatic cholera, 545 of yellow fever, 224 of typhus fever, 
and 5C of other fevers. The number of patients remaining in tlie hospital on the 1st January, 1850, was 719. The in- 
come of the hospital for the year was $89,951 30, and the expenditures $92,993 43, averaging $4 26 for each patienL 
Such an institution as this is an oasis in the wilderness of humanity. 

Finances^ Debts, etc—The financial statement is made up biennially. The total receipts into the treasury for the 
year 1850 were $1,008,175 91, and for tlie year 1S51 $836,2-17 44— total $1,^^.423 iVi ; and the expenditures for 1S50 were 
$951,545. and for 1851 $852,787 M— total $1,804,333 54, leaving a balance of $40,090 SI for future appropriation. 

In 1845 the liabilities of the State on account of the property banks amounted to $14,321,596; this has since been 
reduced $3,744,596, leaving the liabilities of the State in 1850 $10,577,000. Tho State debt proper amounted at the latter 
period to $915,566. The State holds property not now productive valued at $2,416,938. 

The constitutional provisions respecting legislative finance were made very stringent in the new fundamental law. 
The constitution provides that the credit of the State shall not bo lout to any person or corporation whatever, but new 

• A conTeiilion was held at Baton Rouge in July, 1855. to rerise tlie ronstitutinn, nnd the revised constitution would be Bubmitted to the peopls 
for ratiftcatiou on Ihe 2d Norember of the same year. I( ratified, the gcnt'raf elections were to title place on the fourth Mondiiy of Derember, 
and the first Legislature would meet on the third Monday of Jnnunry, 1853. The reyiaed conatitution provides for annual sessions of the Legiv- 
Intnre, nn elective judiciary, and reoioTea some of the restrictions ngainst the State's cuDtracting liebta, and permits the eetablishmeDt cd 
corporations. 

400 



LOUISIANA. 



bomismay be issued to replace outstanding bonds. No Stato debt shall be conlr;tcIi.'il for more llian $100,000, except in 
case of war, invasion, or iosurrectinn, unless authorized by law for some distim-tly specified object or wurk, which law 
shall impose laxes to pay llie current interest during the whole term of the del)t, and also to pay the debt iLseU at iniiturity, 
and this law sliati be irrepealable lill the debt and interest are fully djscliargcd, and shall not go into f.ircn ijll again 
enacted by llie next legislature after Its first passage. The Slate shall not subscribe to the stock of any coinpany or cor- 
poration. No corporate company shall be hereafter created, renewed, or extended witli banking or discounting 
privileges. After 1690 the charters of all corporations may be revoked, and no charter shall now be granted, e\ccpt ibr 
municipal or political purposes for more than 25 years. 

The assessed value of all real and personal property in Lonisiann, on the Ist June. lSr>0, was $2'20,1G5.172 ; but Ihu true 
or eetimate valuation of the same ani-junted. according to the returns of (Ue Icderul census, lo $ 2:13.90 ">, 7 W. 

J'^'ederid Representation. — Louisiana, according to the law of 23d Way, lS5ii, apportioning federal representation, is 
entitlwl to send four representatives to Ct>ngress. 

Religioits Denominations.— Iha statistics of the several religious denominations in 1S50, as ascertained by t!ie census 
of that year, were as follows : 



Denorainii. N 


1. nr 


Cln.rcd 


y«liie r>r 


Dennmina- No. of 


Cl.iirtli 


Value of 


De.i..in.nii- ^ 


tioiis. Clii 


r.liea. 




Projierty. 


lidns. Ctiurclieg 


acciim. 


Prui»^rty. 


turn... Cli 


Baptist 


T2 . 


iri,35S . 


. $30,470 


Germ'nEc'f. 1 . 


500 . 


*4,000 


E. Catholic . 


Christian 


2 . 


. 1,500 


. 61,000 


Jewish 1 . 


COO . 


20,000 


Swedenb'g . 


Congregate . . 


— . 


— . 


. — 


Lutheran . . — . 


— 


_ 


Tunkei». 


Dutch Eof. .. 


— . 


— 


— 


Mennouite. — . 


_ . 


_ 


Union 


Episcopal . . . . 


12 . 


4,410 


. 67,900 


Melliodist.. ini; . 


30,200 . 


.230,500 


Unitarian . . 


Free 


3 . 


675 


. 10,*3il 


Moravian.. — . 





— 


Univcrsalist 


FrienJs 


— . 


— . 


. — 


I'rfsbyter'n. 17 . 


9^10 . 


149,800 


Minor Sects 



. 55 . . 37,210 



1,000 . 
1,G50 . 



Viilne o( 
?r,.i.erty 

, $l,Ui5,650 



S.220 

100,000 
5y,ooo 



Making the aggregate number of churches 265, valued as property at $1,7?2,470, and capable of accommodating 104,053 
persons. Louisiana forms a diocese of the Trotestant Episcopal Church; and the arch-diocese, or pniviiice of New Or- 
leans in thoKoraan Catholic Church, which has f"r its suffragan sees, Mol.iile, Natchez, Galveston, and Little Kock. 

Ethwation.—'Vhii constitution provides that " there shall be a superiutemient of education, to lir>ld office fur two years. 
Free public schools shall be established throughout the State; the proceeds of lands granted for the purpose, and of lands 
escheatetl to the State, shall be held as a jiermanent fhnd, on which sLx per cent, interest shall be paid by the Stare for the 
support of lliese schools." The school fund, 1st January, 1850, amounted to $40,272 63, on which $11»,105 ^ of interest 
had accrued up lo that date ; and besides the proceeds of the school fund, the yearly sum of $250,0011 is appropriated for 
the support of the free schools of the State, and is derived from a ;n/7/tax on properly, and a poll tax of one dollar on each 
white male inhabitant. The whole number of school districts in the State on the 30th September, 1'^^, waS 521 : number 
of schools in operation, 704 ; number of children between 6 and 16 years of age. 53,716 ; average attendance for the year, 
22,927; and 20,262 children did not attend school. The average period of tuition was 6 months and 13 days. Amount 
expended for teachers' salaries, $195,3S9 ; expended for building, renting, and purchasing school-houses, $134,080. There 
are also in aimost every parish numerous private, classical, and other high schools. The principal collegiate institutions 
in the State are— the University of Louisiana at New Orieans, founded in 1S49, and established with 7 professors ; it has 
also a medical department, which in 1850 had 7 professors and 188 students; the Centenary College (Methodist), at 
Jackson, founded 18:39— in 1S50 it had 7 professors, 40 alumni, 94 students, and a library of 5,000 volumes ; the St. 
Charles College (Roman Catholic), at Grand Cotcau, founded 1838- in 1850 it had 21 professors and 103 students, with a 
valuable librarj' of about 4,000 volumes; Baton Kongo College, founded 1S3S — in 1S50 it had 4 professors and 4."> students ; 
Franklin College, at Ojielousas, founded lS:i'9 — in 1850 it had 4 professors and 70 students; and sever;d others, among 
which are I he Catholic Colleges at Baton Bouge and New ()rlean5, both of which are flourishing institutions. 

Libraries.—One State lilirary. 7,000 volumes; 1 social library, 10,000 volumes; 4 colb-ge libraries, 13,000 volumes- 
being a total of 6 libraries and 30,000 volume-s. The census makes no returns of students' libraries, the libraries of acade- 
mies and professional schools, the libraries of scientific and historical societies, nor of school libraries, although there are 
numbers <>f each description in the Stale. 

PerioOi^ul Presti. — The whole number of periodicals and newspapers published in the State on the 1st June, 1850, was 
60, of which 17 were whig and 17 were democratic — the remaining 26 being neutral in politics or devoted to literature, 
science, religion, etc. Of the whole number 11 were issued daily, circulating 81.780 copies ; 2 tri-weekly. 1.900 copies; 6 
semi-weekly, 3,300 copies ; 40 weekly, 32,017 copies ; and 1 monthly, 12,200. Among the publications in New Orleans are 
many of the best conducted and most talented papers of the Union ; and no other city can boast of such a uuigazino 
of statistical information as De Bow's Review. 

Pauperifijji and Crime,— l^hG whole number of paupers that received support within the year ending June 1st, 1S50, 
\.'as 4-'3, of which 133 were native bom, and 290 foreign ; and the whole mnnber of paupers at the above dale w;is 106, of 
■which 76 native bom, and 30 foreign annual cost of support, $39,806. The State Penilentiary is at Baton Bonge. The 
number of convicts remaining in confinement, 1st October, 1848, was 152. and the number received during the year fol- 
lowing was B(.') — male, 257 ; 52 discharged, 3 pardoned, 7 died, and 2 escaped— in all 63, leaving, 1st October, 1849, 194. 
The receipts for the year were $49,283 74; and the expenditures, $42,623 69— making a net gain from convict labor 
equal to $6,655 05 

Ubitorictd .V/vfc/;.— The legends of De Soto, Marquette, and La Salle, shall not arrest onr attention. TIicso wild and 
daring passages belong rather to the romancer than lo the historian. Louis XIV, seizcil upon the j>roposal of Iberville, 
and addressed himself in earnest to a new and vasl country, which dazzled his ambition. lber\'ille, and Bienville, his 
brother, founded a colony of Frenchmen on the shores of Louisiana in 1699. This is the earliest era in the history 
of Louisiana. 

In 1712 the King of France granted a charter to M. Crozat. which covered the whole province. The aims of both 
parties were commercial, and included the whole of the Mississippi and its tributary bays, lakes, rivers, and bordering 
len-itories. M. Crozat was endowed for twenty years with exclusive privileges of trade in these countries— 1> work 
mines for gold and precious stones, with a large share of the results. The laws, edicts, and ordinances of the realm, and 
the customs of Paris were extended over Louisiana. The privileges allowed to Crozat were ample; but so vain are the 
calcnlations of men when employed upon novel enterprises, they satisfied not one of his greedy desires after Wealth iu the 

2e 401 



LOUISIANA. 



Western World. The grant was surrenflered, after five years, into the hands of the king, with the bitter complaint that 
from the imbecility of the colony, the strength of the Indians, the presence of the British, and the slerilily of the soil, it had 
proved of no kind of value whatever to him, but rather a ruinous expense. 

There settled in Paris about this time a man from Scotland by the name of John Law ; he was a restless projector, a 
daring financier, and full of enterprise. This extraordinary man soon succeeded in gaining an influenee over the Duke of 
Orleans, then regent, obtained a charter for a bank of $1,200,000, substituted paper for specie, and set the whole French 
nation mad with magnificent schemes of creating wealth, as it were, by the wand of a magician. Tlie Ciiancellor 
D'Agucsseau opposed this daring scheme with infinite peril to himself. To the Royal liank of Law was allached a great 
commercial company, in which were to be concentred all the rights, privileges, and possessions of all the trading compa- 
nies Ihen chartered in France. To this company was granted the great territorj' of Louisiana as it was surrendered up 
by Crozat. Ail France was in commotion— every man, woman, and child became a financier : the boot-black and collier 
of to-day were the qrandees of to-morrow, and their splendid equipages dazzled the bewildered populace. The Royal 
Bank stock went up to six hundred times its par value, and dividends were rendered at 2ll0 per cent. The exhausllesa 
mines near the Mississippi would reimburse any investment, it was said ; but in three years John Law was a bankrupt, the 
government itself was prostrated, the deluded votaries of stock-jobbing were undone, the magnificent Western Company 
— the Mississippi Scheme — ^became a by-word ; the banking bubble, when inflated to the skies, had burst I The charter 
of the company was granted for twcnty-flvc years; it was to have exclusi.-e privileges of trade, and of the purchase 
of beaver skins fir exportation. To it belonged by prescription the right to make all Indian wars and treaties, work 
all mines, grant lands, construct, forlifieations, nominate governors, and appoint inferior judges. Its vessels and crews to 
be of the French nation, and the descendants of the colonists to be counted natural bom subjects of France, etc. There 
are different accounts of the condition of Louisiana during the time it remained umier the Western Company, who 
enjoyed the privileges granted to Law. By some it is represented to have been in a deplorable condition ; while others 
assert that these were the best years which Louisiana knew under the dominion of France, the white population having 
increased from TOO to 5,000, and the black IVom 20 to 2,000 ; " a vast number of handsome cottages lined buUi sides of tho 
river at the German coast; the culture of rice, indigo, and tobacco, and a regular administration of justice were provided 
for." The Western Company, in despair of finding the gold they had anticipated in Louisiana, from mineral researches 
turned their attention to agriculture. To promote their aims, large grants were made to powerful and wealthy individu- 
als: to Law they granted a plot of twelve miles square. These grantees were to introduce settlers, but they succeeded to 
an extent far less than was anticipated, whiie sanguinary Indian wars desolated the colony. The company, in utter 
hopelessness, threw up their charter in April, 1732, which the king accepted, and declared the commerce of Louisi- 
ana thenceforward free. 

The French colonial government was now initiated. The commissioner, Salmon, took possession for the king. The 
new government established consisted of a Sujierinr Council, of the Governor-general of New France, the Governor and 
Commissary of Louisiana, the King's Lieutenant, and the Town Mayor of New Orleans, six councilors, an attorney, and a 
olerk. A war broke out between Great? Britain and France in 1760, the iufiuence of which was felt throughout all America. 
In this war our own Washington began his career of glory. Canada fell into the hands of the English, and rather than 
submit to the consequences, large numbers of its inhabitants sought a home in southern climes, fixing themselves on the 
Acadian coast of Louisiana, or taking tbeir course westward of the river, funned the settlements of Attakaparf, Opelousaa, 
and Avoyelles. 

France looked to Spain in her emergencies, and the Due dc Choiseul, the minister, entered into a family compact with 
the Spanish king on the 15th August, ITGO, and on the 3d Nov., 17G2, a secret treaty between the two governments ceded 
the territory of Louisiana west of the Mississippi, with New Orleans, to Spain. The bad system of government under 
which Louisiana had long suffered, was att^-nded with the consequences which were to be expected from it, and the 
sovereignty of the finest country of the world, says Marbois, a country which might have become another France, was 
of no use to the parent State, but was even a charge to h(^. After the experience of several years, the government, 
wearied with a possession which its faults and ignorance had made burdensome, felt disposed to abandon it. In 1768 
Great Britain, France, and Spain entered upon the Treaty of Paris, and terminated their difficulties. France abandoned 
to Great Britain all her northern possessions, the whole of Louisiana east of the Mississippi, except New Orleans, and 
the navigation of that river was made free to the subjects of either nation. Thus did France, by her cessions to Britain 
and ii^pain, divest herself of every foot of territory she held in North America. The private treaty of cession to Spain 
was long held secret, and it was not till 1704 tlial D'Abadie w.os ordered l>y Louis XV. to announce the fad to the colony. 
D'Abadie was broken-hearted at the intelligence, and ilied before he could communicate it. The duty devolved upon his 
successor, Aubry. A day of lamentation and sorrow had dawned upon the Louisianians, and they heard their fate with settled 
gloom. A general meeting of the leading inhabitants h.istily assembled in New Orleans, and entreaties were sent up 
to the throne that this painful treaty might not be made to go into effecL The king declared the treaty to be irrevoqable, 
Don Ant. de Ulloa arrived in Louisiana in 1706, appointed, as he professed, by Charles of Spain to lake possession of the 
province. His powers being demanded by the colonists, were not shown, and hence he was notified to depart, which he 
did in a few days, amid the universal rejoicing of the people. Scarcely, however, had the colony breathing time, before . 
it was announced that a Spanish frigate was uptm the coast, and notwithstanding the threats of the populace, Don Alex. 
O'Reilly, commander of the Spanish forcfs, landed and sent up a message to G<)vernor Auhry, informing him that he 
was prepared to take possession of the country, and that any show of resistance would be signally punished. The in 
habitants returned a declaration to the Spanianl. ileclnrin? tlieir intention to abandon the colony, and requested two years 
delav to etfect the arrangement. O'ReiUy consented with apparent cheerfulness and with the warmest professions ot 
regard. He soon after landed at the city and took formal possession in the name of the king. But this dispUiy ot 
clemency was but the precursor of the worst excesses of tyranny. Some of the first eilizcns were arrested and thrown 
into prison, declared guilty of treason, and tried under the statute of Alphonzo, making it death to incite msurrection 
against the king. Sentence and execution followed. "Posterity," says the historian Martm, "will doom Ibis act to public 
execration," and posterity, we may add, h:i3 already branded it as one of the blackest which it is the shame of history 
to record. What was the precise character of the powers conferred upon O'Keilly has never yet been saiisHict/^irily de- 
termined. The King of Ffance, in writing to D'Abadie at the period of the cession, conceded thai tlic laws, forms, and 
usages of the colony would be preserved, but this does not app<'ar to have been inserted in the treaty of cession. O'Reilly, 
as soon as he was at ease in his government, made a proclamation to the peo|>ie, declaring himself empowered to 
oetablish that form of government, dependence, and subordination which shouhl accord with the good of his master's 
403 



LOUISIANA. 



eerriee and Ihe happiness of his aubjecte in the colony. The laws of Spain were now gradually extended over Louisiana, 
and in the end but liltle trace of French legislation remained. The transition, however, was not sudden, and little 
inconvenience resulted from it. When the American Eevolution had progressed, and Spain, in an endeavor to mediate 
between the contestants had failed, the Catholic king prepared himself for war. Galvez, governor of Ijouisiana, threw 
himsell" upon the British garrison at Baton Rouge, and captured it. An American minister was sent to Madrid to nego 
tiate a favorable treaty for his countrymen, and to obtain for them, if possible, the free navigation of the Mississippi to 
the sea. The treaties between Great Britain, France, and Spain, and the United States concluded in 1TS3, opened 
the navigation of the river, ceded the Fk»ridas to Spain, and bounded the possessions of the two countries by a line 
eastward of the 31st parallel on the Mississippi U i the Appalachieola River, through the middle of that river to its junction 
with the FUnt, from the Flint to the head of St. Mary's River, and down the St. Mary's to the Atlantic. These treaties 
VfQre soon followed by embarrassing disputes, in which the Spaniards laid claim to a large tract of counlry and an exclu- 
sive right- to the navigation of that portion of the Mississippi which passed through their territories, against both which 
claims Uie United SlJitt-s protested. 

It may be remarked tliat very little, if any, intercourse was tolerated by the Spaniards through the Mississippi, with the 
people of the United i^lrtt^-*3. Any attempt to navigate the river, or to introduce merchandise into New <.)rleans by boats 
was resisted and the property sti^ed. About the year 1TS7, General Wiilciuson, a revolutionary officer, conceived the 
design of making a settlement of American families in I^ouisiana, for which he expected to receive some commercial 
favors from the Spaniards. He descended the river to New Ork-aus with a small adventure of tobacco, flour, etc., and 
by an artifice, so worked upon the fears of Miro, the governor, that he was disposed to listen to the proposals of opening 
a traffic with the people of the Western Slates. Miro flattered himself that the result would be a division of the States of 
the Union, and that those westward of the Alleghauies would attach themselves to the interests of Spain. In 1733 the 
navigation of the Mississippi was conceded to the young West^ on condition of its forming an empire distinct from that 
of the Atlantic States. Tliat the people of the West entertained the project can not be denied, but on second thoughts 
reliurncd loyally to their country, and on the admission of Kentucky into the Union, the whole scheme of separation fell 
through. 

In IT'JO it was again attempted to procure from Spain the na^^galion of the Mississippi for the United States, also the 
island on which New Orleans is situate, and the Floridas. The propositions were not assented to, but five years after the 
American plenipotentiaries signed, at San Lorenzo, a treaty stipulation for the freedom of the river to their countrymen, 
and a freedom to use for ten years the City of New Orleans as a depflt for their merchandise. 

Spain had n^ sooner signed the treaty than she began to regret her hberahty. Her aUiance with France and the 
position of the United States, determined her by all means to hold on to the territory of Upper Louisiana, which she 
had agreed to cede. In vain the United States sent its officers to take possession of the ports and settlements — in vain 
the settlers protested against the delay. A magnificent scheme had been planned and was in progress, the design of 
.which was to prevent Louisiana forever from falling into the hands of the American government. The Baron de 
Carondolet endeavored to sound General Wilkinson on the subject, and to bring him over to the plan by flatteries and 
by the most liberal offers. Wilkinson, however, dismissed the messenger with an expression of views little favorable to 
the project that had been opened to him. The blame or innocence of the general on these premises is a canvassed subject, 
and need not be further mentioned in this connection. Nor need we here mention his connection with Burr on a future 
occasion, further than to state that whatever plans of aggrandizement either might have entertained were never brought 
to fruition, and are subjects now only interesting to the historical antiquary. 

The face of European affairs in May, 1T9S, influenced the American people to put on their armor. Washington was 
again appointed to the head of the army, and difficulties with regard to Louisiana, and consequent losses to the govern- 
ment, forced upon ail minds the absolute necessity for the acquisition of New Orleans, whatever might be the hazard. 
Louisiana, indeed, occupied an unenviable position at this time. She had been abandoned by France, and the French 
people had regarded the cession with regret and indignation, so much so, indeed, that on the breaking out of hostilities 
"With the Spaniards, Mens. Genet, the young and rash minister from France, employed himself, immediately after hia 
arrival, in devising and carrying out a comprehensive scheme for the invasion of Louisiana with troops and arms procured 
in the United States. How his course was denounced at Washington — how he appealed from the President to the people — 
and though his conduct was disowned by his own government, how that same government demanded the restoration of 
Louisiana to the French RepubUc, are matters of general history. In other respects was the position of Louisiana remark- 
able. The United States had long been reg:irding with jealousy the existence of a territ«)ry in the hands of a foreign 
power, capable of influencing the destiny of the great central valley. A plot had been laid, too, by an American citizen. 
Blount, then governor of Tennessee, the object of which was to throw down upon Louisiana, during the wars between 
England and Spain, in 1797, through the medium of the western waters, large numbers of British troops from Canada. 
The pl'>t was discovered, Blount degraded by the Senate, and the English Government exonerated from the charge of any 
knowledge of the proceedings. The eyes of Spain were not closed to the difficulties of her position. Bonaparte had by 
this time assumed the reins of government, and he cherished the idea of bringing back to the parent counlry a province 
^ he conceived had been unnaturally severed from lier. His stiphisms soon prevailed over Spain; he represented "that 
Louisiana, restored to France, would be a bulwark for Mexico, and a security for the tranquillity of the Gulf." On the lat 
October, ISOi', was concluded the celebrated treaty of San lldefonso, and Louisiana again became a French colony. 
Bonaparte took immediate steps to enter upon his new possession. Gen. Vic^Jr was appointed Commissioner for accept- 
ing the transfer, and proclamations announcing the changed circumstances of the colony were issued. The Louisiauians 
prepareil an address in reply, in which they declaretl that the proclamations had filled the people with joy, and that they 
already felt the happiness of their reunion with their ancient nationality. Every thing, indeed, seemed favorable for the 
re-establishment of the French government in the i>rovince— and all was rejoicing and congratulation, when a vessel 
arrived at the levee from Bordeaux, and the news soon spread that the Corsiran had sold their counlry and themselves to 
the neighboring republic. The treaty of Paris, signed 13th April, ISt);^, had ceded Louisiana and all its appurtenances for- 
ever to the United States; and the United Stales had agreed to pay eii,on{),000 francs to discharge certain claims of their 
citizens on France. The difficulties which immediately followed the acquisition were perplexing; and even in the United 
States many there were who viewed the treaty as unconstitutional : but. like all difficulties, these came to an end, and the 
American flag waved over the city of New Orleans on the 20th December — llie same day having witnessed the descent 
<^f the Spanish ensign and the elevation of Ihe tri-color, the latter only having been raised to be re-placed by the stars and 
stripes. 

40S 



LOUISIANA. 



The first act of' Governor Claiborne, on taking tbe chair of autliority, was to organize a judiciary, whicli be did by es- 
lablisliiiiji; a Court of Pleas, conslsling of seven justices. The Act of Congress, '20lh March, 1S04, established a icrrilorial 
government. Louisiana was divided into two sections, of which that now constitutinij the State of the same namo was to 
be known us tbe Territory of Orleans. The Act provided for a governor, apjtoinled f<>r three years, a secretary for fonr 
years, a legislative council of tbirteen freeholders, a judiciary, according to the n^gulationa of Ihe Legislative council, but to 
be appointed by the President. Tbe period that elapsed between the Act trf 1304 and tbe one of 2d March, IStio, which 
set up unotlier territorial goverinnent, was one of dissatisfaction to tlie people. They complained tliat the governor was 
unacijujtiuted with the language, tlieirlaws, and tl>eir interests, and that lie favored only his own countrymen, etc. On these 
Bubjects the citizens memorialized Congress. The council as established in the meanwhile passed several acts bearing 
upon the proper organization ot Uie territory, dividing it into 12 parishes or counties, with inferior courts in each, inslitut- 
ing modes of procedure, defining crimes, etc., cliartering the city, and establishing (on paper) a university. 'J'be effect 
of the dissatisfaction before alluded to produced the territorial act of 1S05, by which Congress set up a government in 
Louisiana similar to that of the Mississippi Territory, and provided for its admission into the Union when it should hui^ 
60,000 inhabitants. This act gave to tbe people the election of a legislature, and to the legislature tbe election of a legis- 
lative councd or Upper House. Tbe first acts of the new government were tbe adoption of the "^ code Noir," or black code, 
for the government of the slaves, and the appointment of a commission to prepare a civil code b:ised upon the former 
laws of the country. The latter was completed in 180S, and embraced, besides tbe compilation of the old codes, many of 
the provisions of the "code Napoleon." 

Having settled these points, Louisiana was prepared to meet the position of things which was forced upon her in 
relation to Spain, and in the anxieties which arose in relation to boundaries, and the tipposing claims of the two nations, 
it is bkely that hostilities would have occurred, had not tbe intimation of a vast selienie on foot for the separalitm of the 
western country from tbe Union, at the bead of which was Aaron Burr, influenced Gen. "Wilkinson and tbe Americans 
to compromise matters with the Spaniards, and concentrate every thing to meet the threatened danger. The reports 
which reached Louisiana each day in relation to this plot were alarming : military preparations were being urged on all 
sides, and Burr himself, afler a reward offered for bis arrest, was taken at Fort Stoddard, and conveyed to Richmond. 

The conflicting claims of the United States and jfpain, to the strip of territory east of tbe Mississipjrt Kiver, and south of 
the 31st parallel to tbe Perdido River, were brought to sometliing like a crisis in ISIO, by the seizure of tbe Spanish 
post at Baton Rouge, the holding a convention at St. FraucisviUe, declaring their independence, and setting up a 
constitution, and, by a proclamation of the President, taking possession of the territory. Tbe event was peaceable, and 
the parishes of Feliciana, East Baton Rouge, St. Helena, St. Tammany. Biloxi, and Pascagoula were soon afler established. 

On the lltb February, isll, an act of Congress was passed to enable the inhabitants of Louisiana to form a constitution 
and State government, if the same should be the desire of the people, signified by the calling of a convention. This body 
being called, assembled at New Orleans, and ununimously signed a constitution baaed upon that of Kentucky, on the 22d 
Jannar>', 1S12. This constitution was superseded by that of 1S45, and another constitution, or a revision of the latter, is 
uow about to be voted on by the people. 

The share that Louisiana took in the war of 1S12, though signalized in history, is so familiar as to requu-e only n short 
notice. Wilkinson took possession of the country west of the Perdido, then in tbe occupation of Spain. The English 
eolonel, Nichols, arrived at Pcnsacola, and made proclamation to all Englishmen. Spaniards, and Frenchmen to join his 
standard, and resist tho encroachments of the United States. To the people of Kentucky this ofBeer proposed similar 
terms ; and to the privateer La Fitte and his followers at Barrataria, he was most prodigal in his offers. The overtures, 
says Marbois, were repelled with indignation, and the men who saw no degradation in enriching themselves by plunder, 
bad a horror of treason. The course of General Jackson, in relation to tbe Spaniards and English at Pensacola, ia 
&niiliar to all. 

An attack on New Orleans being now inevitable, the most extraordinary preparations were made to raise forces, and 
provide fortiti cations and armaments to meet tbe impeudiug danger. The city was all excitement "The people were 
preparing for battle, as if for a party of pleasure," says a historian, " the streets resounded with martial airs, sever.nl corps 
of militia were constantly e.Kercising, every bosom glowed with the feelings of national honor." The west was pouring 
down upon tbe city— martial law was proclaimed. Tbe battle of Now Orleans, of Stb January, 1S15, was fought and won 
to the high honor of Ihe American people, and the lasting laurels of the great man who commanded, and who. whatever 
his faults, is becoming every day more and more honored in the memory of his grateful and admiring countrymen. 

Tbe history of Ijouisiara, since she has become a State, has yet to be WTitttm. The uninterrupted prevalence of peace 
in our country takes away from this chapter those lively f.-atures which characterize anterior periods. Tlie records of 
revolution, of changing dynasties, of deeds of arms and high renown, are not presented here, and perhaps to the genera! 
reader the whole is a hopeless blank. But to those seeking higher views of individual good and national destiny, Ihe 
onward march of the arb* of peace, the extraordinary development of industiinl resources, the unmatched augmentation 
of population and wealth, the erection of an opulent State, with laws, government, and order, in a former French and 
Spanish province, are events wortliy of the highest efforts of the historian, replete with interest, and deserving of careftil 
study. 

Baton Koitge, on tho east hank of the Mississippi, has been the seat of government since the constitution of 1S45 went 
into effect, imtil which timo New Orleans was the State capital. 



LorisiANA, p. v., Pike co., Mo. : on the left bank of the 
Mississippi, about 2 m. below the mouth of Salt r., S2 m. N. E. 
Jefferson City. It has a good landing, and considerable 
river trade. It -contains several stores, warehouses, and 
lumber yards, and 1,340 inhabitants, of whom 130 are slaves. 
Two weekly papers are published, the " L. Weekly Record" 
(whig), and the " Democratic Banner." 

LoLTsviLT-E. p. o., Barbour co., Ala.: 8 m. E. of Pea r., 
S7 m. S. E. Montgomery. 

Louiavii.LR, p. v.. and cap. Jefferson CO., Oa. : a little E. 
of Ogeechec r., 54 m. E. by 9. Milleilgeville. It contains a 
coiut-bouse, formerly the Stale house, an academy, jail, and 
404 



200 inhabitants. Here the Legislature of the Statt* met fWim 
lS^r> to IS'JT, and here, on the 131h Febniary, 1790, the cel€»- 
hrated Yacoo Acts were burned. 

I^oinsvii.T.F, p. v., Clay co., /?/. ; on tho W. bank of 
Little Wabash r., and K. side of Twelve Mile I'rairic, i)i ra. 
8. E. Springfield. 

LonaviLi.K, p. city, port of entry, and cap. JcfTerson eo., 
Ky. : on Ihe S. or left bank of the Ohio r.. at the he,i<i of 
the rapids, .51 m. W. Frankfort. Lat SSO 03' N., and long. 
S50 aty W.— ."iflO m. W. by S. Washington ; and by tbe course 
of tbe river 625 m. below Pittsburg, and S94 m. above the 
mouth of tho Ohio. Jeffersonville, the terminus of the 



LOU 



LOU 



JeffersonvillL' E. K. from Imlianapolis, lies on the opposiU? 
side of the river. The navigation of the Ohio la lierr inter- 
rupted by rapids, and except in the time of flood Louisville 
is Ih-:" natural head of steam navigation, but the navigation 
is couMnned around tliis obstruction by means oftlic Louis- 
ville and Tortland Canal, whieh is capacious enough to 
admit liie passage of the largest river craft. It is 50 feet 
widi', 10 feet deep, and 2} m. in length. Its influence in 
directing trade to the upper porta, however, is supposed to 
be itrijudieial to Louisville, 

Tlii^'iiy is the commercial and manufacturing metropolis 
of Hi'' ^>t;i(e, and is the natural entrepfit of a large country, 
reaehed by several railroads and turnpikes. The lines of 
railroad diverging from this point (including those in 
procress) are the Lou^s^-ille and Lexinglnn Tt. K., which at 
Lexingtnn connects with railroads to the Gulf and Southern 
Atlantic ports, the Louisville and Covington II. R., which 
at th'" latter place meets the railroads of Ohio and tliose 
pointing to Boston, Kew York, Philadelphia, Baltimore, 
IMchmond, etc., and the Louisville and Nashville K. R., 
pointing to the South, and the .Teffersonville R. R. gives it 
access lo the N. and N. W., ria Indianapnlis. A company 
has also been organized for the purpose of bridging the Ohio 
at Louisville. Hitherto the railroads have hadconiparativi-ly 
little influence on its trade; their benefits are in the future. 

Louisville was laid out as early as 1773, but no settlement 
was made for the subsequent five years, nor until nf\vr the 
expulsion of the British from their posts on the Wabash, 
The first block house was built in 177S, but this was sulise- 
quently removed to make way for Fort Nelson, erected in 
1752. In 17S0 the town was established by art a^^t of the 
Legislature of Virginia. At this period the inhabitants 
nunitnted only thirty. In lS(tO the population amounted to 
6itO: inlS!Otol,oOO; in ls20 to 4.000; in 1830 to 10,341 ; in 
ISiO to 51.210; and in 1S50 to 43.196. 

The city is built on a spacious sloping plane 70 feet above 
low water mark, and is laid out with regularity, the streets 
intersecting at right angles, in a direction with and from 
ihe river, on which are extensive wharves. Ten streets run 
parallel Mith the river, and thirty streets intersect them. It 
contains the County Court-liouse and a City Hall, both ex- 
tensive and handsome edifices, the county jail, (he city 
prison, a marine hospital, and numerous benevolent institu- 
tions, the University of Louisville, a Scliool of Medicine, 
and a L;iw School, departments of the University, and two 
banks anil one branch bank, two savings banks, several 
insurance companies, etc. It is liberally supplied with 
churches and schools, some of the church buildings being 
flni' specimeus of architecture. Louisville may proudly 
claim a i)r*-eminence both as to the early foundativm, the 
progress and the present condition of its public schools, and 
within the limits of the city there are besides many private 
.•md church schools, which would compare well with the 
Iiest eastward of the mountains. It has orphan asylums 
and a Magd;Uen retreat, a school for the blind, a pulilic hos- 
pital, and many other liberally supported establishments, 
designed to relieve the unfortunate of the city. The streets 
are lighted with gas, and it is supplied with excellent water: 
both accommodations by companies. Its hotels, are spa- 
cious and fitted with every convenience, and il.s markets 
about\d in all esculent products, for which the vicinity is 
fara«-<l. Among the literary and scienlifie institutions of 
(lie cily the most prominent arc the Mercantile Library 
Ass..f*i!iti.»n. the Kentucky ITistorical Society, the Agricul- 
tural and Horticultural Society, etc. The whole number of 
church buildings is 46, capable of accommodating 19,610 
persons, aTid valued as property at $59(t.90O. Of these 5 are 
Baptist, a Episcopal, it Methodist, 5 I'reshyterian, 4 German 
Evangelical, 1 German Lutheran, 1 German Reformed, 
2 Disciples, 1 Unitarian, 4 Roman Catliolie, and 2 Jewish. 
The ptdjlic press of LouisviiU: is conducted with great 
talent, aud s«;\-eral of Ihe papi-js are rich in stalistieal 
information. The daily papers are the •■ Democrat" t_dcm.), 



"Journal*' (dem.), the "Advertiser" (neut.), the "Courier* 
(whig), the "Journal of Commerce'" (whig), and the "Beo- 
bachter am Ohio" (Germ.), and of these the Democrat and 
the Journal have tn-weekly and weK?kIy editions, the Adver- 
tiser and Beobachter semi-weekly and weekly editions, and 
the Courier and Journal ol Commerce weekly editions. 
The weekly papers, others than those above named, are the 
" rresbyterian Herald'' and the "Baptist Baimer" (relig.), 
and the " Indian Advocate," and the monthly pcriocUcals 
are the "Baptist Review" (relig.), the " Ciceronian Maga- 
zine" (liter.), the "Medical Journal" (med.), and the 
" Examiner," devoted to the cause of negro emancipation. 
The papers having th« largest circulation are the Democrat, 
Journal, and Courier. 

The manufactures of Louisville are very extensive, and 
embrace a great variety of objects. It has several founde- 
ries and machine-shops, at which a vast amount of ma- 
chinery, etc., is annually turned out; several large steam 
bagging factories and ropewalks> cotton and woolen facto- 
ries, tobacco factories, flouring mills, distilleries, breweries, 
agricultural implement factories, and numerous other estab- 
lishments, small and large, which in the aggregate con- 
stiluieavast industry. Louisville is also extensively engaged 
in ship-building, and in the year ending 30th June, 1850, 
no less than S4 steamers, of 6.460 tons, were built in the 
district. The shipping owned at the period specified amount- 
ed to 14,820 tons, all navigated by steam and employed in 
the river trade. 

As a cf>mmercial and shipping point, Louisville is the 
thini in importance on the Ohio. Ita immediate trade ex- 
tends into all the surrounding country, and embraces, 
within the State of Kentucky, a circuit of the most pro- 
ductive region in the world. Its wharves are at all times 
thronged by steamboats and other river craft, carrj-ing to 
and fro a merchandise in amount inferior only to that com- 
ing to and going from Cincinnati and Pittsburg. The value 
of its commerce has been estimated at $70,000,000 per an- 
num. Its exports consist chiefly of tobacco, bagging, rope 
and cordage, spirits, pork, flax and hemp, live-stock, ma- 
chinery for steamboats and railroads, factories, mills, and 
farms, and a great amount of groceries and assorted goods, 
which are carried to every river-town, or to the sea-board 
for exportation ; and its exports comprise everj' article and 
prt>duet needed in its interior commercial range. In the 
year l>o0 its chief imjiorts were as follows: Sugar, 13,820 
hh-is., 9,200 bis., and 755 Iwxes : molasses, 13.010 bis. ; cofiee, 
34,572 hags ; rice, 752 tierces ; bagging, 65,250 pieces ; rope, 
56,300 coils; twine, 2,056 bales; hemp, 15,354 bales; cotton, 
7,sr>7 Ixiles; cheese, 2ii,37S boxes; flour, 75,350 bis. ; whisky, 
39.897 bis. ; liquors and wines, 5,988 casks ; nails, 4,5.261 
kegs ; tobacco, 7,425 hhds. and 6,530 boxes ; sall^Kanawlia, 
112,250 bis.; Turks Island, 40,525 bags; and Liverpool, 
10,350 bags ; merchandise, 105,750 boxes, bales, and pkgs. ; 
drugs, dyes, etc., 14,378 pkgs. ; hides, 18.891 dozen ; mer- 
chandise, 5,132 crates and casks ; hogs for slaughter, 197,750 ; 
pork, 75,500 bis., etc. In addition to this quantity of pork, 
there are annually received thousands of tons of bacon by 
wagon, etc., which is packed in this city in casks, and largely 
exported. The detail rif the exports can not well be ascer- 
taiiu'd, as no record whatever has been kept of them ; but 
some (-stimate may be formed as to their amount from the 
foregoing. Steam -packets, carrying the mail and passen- 
gers, come and go several times daily. It is estimalal that 
at least 10 steamboats leave the port daily, and also from 6 
to 7 packet.s. 

The following statistical information is from Mr. Casse- 
day's History of Louisville: " Lfmisville eontains 25 exclu- 
sively wholesale dry goods houses, whose saU^ are made 
only to dciik-rs, and whoso market reaches from Northern 
Louisiana to Northern Kentucky, and embracer a large pari 
of the States of Kentucky, Indiana, Tennessee, Alabama, 
IlIinoi.s. Mississippi, and Arkansas. The aggregate amount 
of annual sales by these houses is $5,853,000, or an average 

405 



LOU 

of $2*4,000 to each house. The sales of three of (he largest 
of these houses amount in the ao:grofrate to $1.7S9.O00. Nei- 
ther this statement nor those which follow include any auc- 
tion sales. In boots and shoes, (he sales of eight houses of 
the above description reach $1,184,000, or $1*^,000 to each 
house. The sales of the three largest houses in this business 
reach $080,000. The aggregate amount of eight houses In 
drugs, etc.. is $1,123,000, or $]4n,;i75 to each house ; and the 
sales of the three largest houses amount to $753,000. The 
sales of hardware by nine houses amount annually to 
$590,000, being an average of $Go.r)55 lo each house. The 
sales of saddlery reach $9S0,O00, of which nearly one-half 
Is of domestic manufacture. The sales of hats and caps, 
necessarily including sales at rd^iil, amount to $6S3.000. 
The sales of queens-ware, less reliably taken, reach $265,000. 
There are thirty-nine wholcs:iIe grocery houses, whose ag- 
gregate sales reach $10,(i'2.%400, which gives an average of 
$272,400 each.'' The amount of imports, before given, will 
perhaps afford a better idea of this business than these 
figures, and hence are referred to. The following recapitu- 
latory table will enable the reader to see at a glance all that 
has just been stated : 

l>escri(<tioQ of Number A^re^ate Annual Arem^f Sn\es 

Hiisiiieas. of Hi.iisea. Siilrs. ofeju-li H..U8e. 

Groceries S9 $10.6-33.400 $272,400 

Dry Goods 25 5,K5:i.O00 234,000 

Boots and Shoes.. 8 1,1S4.000 14S.000 

Drugs 8 1,12.S.O('0 140.375 

Hftrdware 9 r>0it.(W)O eo.-^^o 

Queens-ware 6 205,000 44.166 

Hata,Caps,F's.etc. S 6s;i.ooo 85.375 

Total 103 $2o;321,400 $197,295 

Louisville was named by the Virginia Legislature after 
Louis XVI. of France, in commemoration of his alliance 
with the great Republic ot the West, then just rising from 
its probationary condition ofcoio?iial dependence. 

LoL'isvii.LE, p. v., and cap. Winston eo.. 3/m. .* S3 m. 
N. E. Jackson. It contains a court-house, jail. 3 academies, 
several large stores, and 400 inhabitants. The"L. Tele- 
graph" is pulilislied weekly. 

Louisville, p. o., Lincoln co., Mo. : 64 m. N. E. Jeffer- 
son City. 

Louisville, t. and p. v., St Lawrence co., N'. T. : on the 
8t Lawrence, 169 m. N. N. W. Albany. Drained by Grasse 
river. Surface undulating; soil fertile loam, lying upon 
limestone. Agriculture is the leading interest. The v. lies 
on Grasse r., and contains a bank and several stores. Pop. 
of t. 2.054. 

LouL-^viLLE, p. v.. Stark co., Ohio: 104 m. N. E. byE. 
Columbus. It is on the Ohio and Pennsylvatiia R. E., 
12 m. from Alliance. 

LoinsvaLK, sta.. Liolcing co., Ohio: on the Sandusky, 
Mansfield, and Newark R. I!.. 7 m. from Newurk. 

Louisville, p. v., Blount co., Tenn.: on the S. or left 
bank of Tennessee r., 154 m. E. by S. Nashville, 

Louisville Landing, p. v., St. Lawrence co., -Al T. : on 
the bank of St. Lawrence r., 172 m. N. N. W. Albany. 

LouTUR Island, p. o., Montgomery eo,, ^Fo, : near the 
entrance of Loutre r. into the Missouri, 41 m. E. by N. Jef- 
ferson City. 

Lovelace, p. o., Wilkes co., K Car. : 163 m. W. by N. 
Kaleigh. 

LovELACKTiLLE, p. o., Ballard co., Ky,: 242 m. W. S. W. 
Frankfort. 

LovELADT, p. o., Caldwell co., jV. Car. : 158 m. W. by N. 
Raleigh. 

LovELAND, p. o., Clinton co., Penn. : S2 m. N. W. by N* 
Harrisburg. 

LovEi-AND, p. V. and sta.. Clermont county, Ohio: 82 m. 
8. W. by \V. Columbus. The sta. is 27 m. from Cincinnati, 
by the Little Miami R. T;.,and from this point the Cincinnati, 
Hillsboro'. and Parkersburg R. R. diverges. 
406 



low 



LoTELiA, p. v., Monroe co., la. : 77 m. W, S. W. lowB 
City. 

LovELL, t and p. o.. Oxford co., 3fe. : 67 m. W. S. W. 
Augusta. It contains a large, and many small ponds, send- 
ing out branches of Saco r., on one of which is a curious 
fall, of 40 feet perpendicular descent. Soil very fertile, and 
water-power and timber abundant. Pop. 1,196. 

Lovely Mount p. o., Montgomery co., Virff. : near New 
river, 167 m. W. byS. Richmond. 

Love's Mills, p. o., Washington county, V^irg. : 235 miles 
W. by S. Richmond. 

Love's, sta., Baltimore co., 3fd. : on the Baltimore and 
Susquehanna R. R., 20 m. N. of Baltimore. 

LovE-rreviLLE p. v., Loudon county, Vlrff. : 114 miles N. 
Richmond. 

. LoTETTS, p. o,, Adams county, Ohio : 7S miles S. by W. 
Columbus. 

LovE^^LLE, p. v., New Castle co., Pel. : 39 m. N. Dover. 

LoviNGSTON, p. v.. and cap. Nelson conntj-, M^rg. : 76 m. 
W. by N. Richmond. It contains a court-house, jail, and 
several stores. 

LoviNGTON, p. v., Moultrie co., lU. : 46 m. E. Springfield. 

Lowell, p. o., Randolph co., Ga. : on Patoula cr. near 
its entrance into Chattahoochee river, 149 miles S. W. 
Milled geville. 

Lowell, p. v., Henry CO., la. : on the left bank of Skonk 
river, 57 m. S. Iowa City. 

Lowell, p. o., Johnson co., K Car. : 26 m. S. E. Raleigh. 

Lowell, t. and p. o.. Penobscot co., Me. : 91 m. N. E. 
Augusta. A large pond lies on the N., and Passadumkeag 
river flows'tlirough the S. into the Penobscot, turning sev- 
eral lumber-milK Lmnbering is the principal occupation. 
Pop. S7S. 

Lowell, t., p. city, and one of the caps. Middlesex co., 
?/a.s-«. .• 24 m. N. W. Boston. Drained by Concord r., which 
falls into the Merrimac in the N. E. part of the town. Low- 
ell was taken from Chelmsford in 1S26, and embraces also 
some territory and the v. of Belvidere, E. of Concord r., 
formerly belonging to Tewksbury. The city lies at the con- 
fluence of the Concord, in lat. 42° SS' 46" N., and long. 
71^ 19' 02" W. It is this city which, from the amount, va- 
riety, and character of its manufactures, has been appro- 
priately designated the "Manchester of America.'* Few 
other places in the Union have sustained no rapid a growth. 
In 1S20 scarely 200 inhabitants were found within its limits, 
nor was it until 18*21 that the site was chosen whereon to 
establish a manufacturing community. In the next suc- 
ceeding year the Merrimac Manufacturing Company, with 
a capital of $1.50'),000, was established, and their first mill 
went into operation in 1S23. From these small beginnings 
the city has risen to its present eminence and world-wide 
celel)rity. In thirty years what a change ! 

In 1S50 it had ten manufacturing companies making cot- 
ton or woolen goods, and two other companies— one bleach- 
ing and the other owning the machine shop, and the 
aggregate condition of the establishments of each at that 
period was as follows: 

ComnnnicM ^Vlien Compnny No. No. of No, of Hands Einp, 
Lompnnie,. ^^^^^.^ c„,,/t..l. Mills. SpindV Looms. M. F. 

Mer. M.anf. C0.1S23 $2,,500.000 6 69.440 2,103 645 1,614 

Ham. Maf. Co. 1S25 1,200,000 4 33.416 1.124 325 S40 

Appleton Co. 1823 &I0.000 3 17.920 600 120 400 

Low. Manf. Co. 1S28 1,500,000 ^ 11.362 154 226 550 

Mid.Ilesex Co. 1S32 1,000,000 4 16.340 403 675 780 

Suf. Manf. Co. 1S32 600,0ii0 3 17.523 590 100 400 

Tretnont Mills 1S32 600.000 2 14.560 557 100 4O0 

Law. Manf Co. 18.^3 1,500,000 5 44,800 1,882 200 1,200 

Low. Bleach'y 1S32 26.'.400 - — — 200 2D 

BooltCot.Mil!9]?36 1,200,000 5 49,434 1,432 262 870 

Mass.Cot.MiIlslS40 1,800,000 6 45,720 1,556 250 1,250 

Low.Mach.Sh. 1S45 600,000 - — — 700 — 



Total 



$18,862,400 40 825,520 9,90G 3,702 8,274 



LOW 



LOW 



Id the ten cotton and woolen establishments, consisting 
of forty mills, the weekly consumption of cotton was 705,4Ut» 
pounds, and of wool 69,000 pounds ; and the number of 
yards of fabric produced was 2,135,477, of which 1,190,000 
yards were cotton, 20.477 woolen, 15,000 carpeting, and 40 
rugs. In the dyeing and bleach works the goods finished 
per week amounled to 9,SS9,000 yards. In these manufac- 
tures tho consumption of coal was annually 23,520 tons, of 
charcoal 34,993 bushels, of wood 2,270 cords, of oil 107,577 
gallons, of starch 1,390,000 pounds, and nf flour 1,040 bar- 
rels. The whole of these estaldishments are warmed by 
steam and lighted with gas. The average wages of females, 
clear of board, is $2 per week, and the average wages of 
men, clear of board. SO cents a day. Medium produce of a 
loom, No. 14 yam, is 45 yards a day, and of No. SO yam, 33 
yards — average per spindle, 1^ yard a day. The Middlesex 
Company also own the Wameset Carpet Mill on Concord 
liiver, where are consumed annually 93,600 pounds coarse 
Tvool and 36,400 pounds of worsted yarn, producing annu- 
ally 91,000 yards of ingrain carpeting. Other manufactures 
are produced in the cily than those specified above, of a 
value of $1,500,000, employing a capital of $400,000, and 
about 1,500 hands, and embracing several difftrent handi- 
craHs — powder-mills, paper-mills, batting-mills, a foundery, 
a planing-mill, etc., owned by individuals. Tho Lowell 
Machine Shop, included among the establishments noted in 
the table, can furnish machinery complete for a mill of 
6,000 spindles in three months, and a mill can be built in 
the same time. 

The association called " The Proprietors of the Locks and 
Canals on the Merrimac Eiver," are the principal owners 
of the water-power at Lowell. This company was organ- 
ized 1792, for the construction of a canal from the head of 
Pawtuckt-t Falls, in Merrimac Kiver, to Concord River, and 
open a passage for boats and rafts. This canal is 1^ m. 
long, 60 feet wide, and 6 or S deep, and is still used to some 
extent for its original purpose; but the company's revenue 
chiefly consists of rents for supplying water-power to the 
several mills. In 1S47 this canal was found to be insuffi- 
cient for the increasing wants of the community, and the 
company constracted a new canal of greater capacity; this 
l3 a mile long, and 100 feet wide, and 15 feet deep, and for 
solidity of workmanship and completeness in its arrange- 
ments, is unsurpassed by any like work In the Union. The 
facilities thus created have been the means of building up 
the important manufactures which distinguish the jtlace, 
and place it so far ahead of all other manulacluring 
centres. 

Lowell, as a city, is regularly planned, and has many im- 
portant public buildings and institutions. The Court-house, 
City Hall, Market-bouse, Hospital, Mechanics' Hall, etc., 
are edifices worthy the greatness of the place. The Me- 
chanics' Hail was erected by an association of mechanics 
in lS4o, and is a splendid building, with philosophical ap- 
paratus and a mineralogical museum, and lectures on sci- 
entific and literary subjects are delivered in it at stated 
periods. The library, containing about 7,000 volumes, is 
open to all at a charge of 50 cents a year. The Hospital 
was erected in 1S39 by the several companies, for the con- 
venience and comfort of persons employed by them re- 
epectively when sick, and is under the superintendence of 
an able surgeon and physician. 

Among the institutions of Lowell, perhaps none speak 
more loudly of a moral community than its two savings in- 
Btitutiona— the Lowell and the City. The Lowt-U had on 
deposit the first i^aturday of November, 1850, from 4,609 
depositors $736,62S 12 ; and the City, from 615 depositors 
175,970 51. The operatives in the mills are the principal 
depositors in these institutions. For business purposes 
Lowell has four banks. 

The churches of the city are many of them neat and sulv 
stantial edifices, and are twenty-three in nuinlier. including 
eoctariea of every denomination. These are well attended 



by the young people employed in the mills. Schools are 
also amply provided for. The appropriation for the pur- 
poses of education in 1S50 was $43,000, which goes toward 
the support of the City High School, 10 granunar schools, 
and 46 primary schools. The total expenditure of the city 
in the same year was $178,614- The public press of Lowell 
consists of one daily, two tri-weekly, three weeklies, and 
two monthly publications. The daily is the " L. Journal'*' 
(wliig), witich has also a weekly edition ; the tri-weeUJies are 
the " L. Advertiser" (whig), and '•' L. American" (dein.), the 
latter of which issues also a weekly edition; the weeklies 
are the *' Patriot and Republican" (dem.), tho " Vox Pop- 
nli," and the "Business Directory;'' and the moutlUics, the 
"New England Off"t-Ting," and the "Insurance Intelli- 
gencer." The " Offering" was originally written and edited 
by the ladies attached to the factories, and was one of the 
best edited periodicals of the State, reflecting credit alike 
on the fair editors themselves and the institutions which 
could furnish education sufficiently extended to fit them for 
such occupations. 

A reservoir of great capacity has been built on tho high 
grouud in Belvidere, east of the city, for the purpose of 
furnishing a ready supply of water to any part of the city 
in cases of fire. The water is conveyed into the reservoir 
by force-pumps from the Lowell Machine Shrrp. Pipes are 
laid from the reservoir to various i»arls of the city, at which 
points hose can be attached to the hydrants without delay, 
when necessary. 

The railroads diverging from Lowell are the Salom and 
Lowell R. E., the Boston and Lowell R. R., tho Nashua 
and Lowell R. E., and the Lowell and Lawrence K. K. ; 
and these connect it with the sea-board and interior, and 
make it a great centre of transportation and I'lcal trade. 

The population of Lowell in 1830, was 6,474 ; in 1S40, 
20,796, and in 1850, 38,383, being an increase from 1830 to 
1S40 of 221.22 per cent., and from 1S40 to 1850, 6052 pur 
cent. The present (1853) population can not be less than 
40,000. 

Lowell, t and p. o., Dodge co., Wise. : 33 m. N. E. by E. 
Madison. Drained by Beaver dam (or CrawtiKh) r., the W. 
branch of Rock r. and its branches. Soil superior for graaa 
growing. Pop. 834. 

Lowell, p. o., Oneida co., .Al Y. 

Lowell, p. v., Washington co., Ohio: on the left bank 
of Muskingum r., 83 m. E. by S. Columbus. 

Lowell, t. and p. o., Orleans co., Venn. : 3S m. N. by E. 
Montpelicr. Mississippi r. rises in the 9., and furnishea 
water-power. Surface somewhat rugged, but soil mostly 
fertile and productive. Pop, 637. 

Lowell, p. v., La Salle county. III : on the W. side of 
Vermillion r.. lu9 m. N. by E. Springfield. Here are con- 
siderable falls in the river, and extensive mills. 

LowELLTiLLE, p. V., Mahonjug CO., Ohio : on the left bank 
of Mahoning r., 143 m. N. E. by E. Columbus. 

Lower IJartlf.tt, p. v., Coos co., 2^. Hump. : on Saco r., 
61 m. N. N. E. Concord. 

Lower Bern, p. o., Berks co., Penn. : 48 m. E. by N. 
llarrisburg. 

Lower CnANOEFORn, t. and p. o.. York co., Pen n. : 3S m. 
8. E llarrisburg. Susquehanna r. bounds it E., and Muddy 
cr., which furnishes good water-power, on the S. and W. 
Surface varied, and soil very productive. The Tidewater 
Canal passes tlirough it along the Susquehanna. 

Lower CoLL'MiJiA, p. o., Coos co., iV". Ramp.: 106 m. 
N. byW. Concord. 

Low-F.R OiLMANTON, p. 0., Bclkuap CO., K. Samp. ; 13 m. 
N. E. Concord. 

Lower Lawrence, p. v., Washington co., 0?do: 92 m. 
E. S. E. Columbus. 

Lower Mafiantango, t. and p. o., Schuylkill county, 
Penn.: 29 m. N. E. llarrisburg. Drained by Deep and 
Swalara creeks, on which are large saw-mills. Surface 
mountainous ; soil in the valleys very fertile. Anthracite 

407 



LOW 



LUC 



cf>al is lurgL'Iy fouuJ uiul couveyed east and we^st by rail- 
roads. 

Lower Marlboeough, p. v., Calvert co,, Md.: on the E. 
aide of Taliixeiit r., 24 m. S. S. W. Anmiijolls. 

Lower Mejuon, t and p. o., Montgomery co., Penn. : on 
the W, side t.f Ihe Schuylkill, 86 m. E. by S. Ilarrisburg. 
Drained Ity Mill and Cobb's creeks, and wtll supplied wilh 
water-power. Surface moderately uneven, and soil a highly 
cultivated loam. It ia extensively engaged in manufacturing 
cotton mid woolen goods, paper, etc. The Columbia and 
Philaaeli)Iiia K. E. and riiiUidelphia and Heading li. E. 
pass through it. 

LowEK Newport, p. v., Washingtou co., Ohio: on the 
Ohio r., 95 m. E. S. E. Columbus. 

Lower Peacu Teee, p. v., Wilcox co., AUt.: on right 
bank of Alabama r., "G m. W. S. W. Montgomery. Here 
ifi a good lauding, several stores, and '2-iO irdiabitauls. 

Lowek Salem, p. v., Washington county, Ohio : 86 m. 
E. by S. Culumbus. 

Lower Saucon, t and p. o., Northampton co., Pemi. : on 
the S. side of Lehigh r., S^ m. E. by N. Uarrisburg. Drain- 
ed by Saucon cr., and well furnislied with mill privileges. 
Surface hilly, and soil adapted to grass or grain. Two 
bridges cross the Lehigh, along which the Lehigh Kaviga- 
tlon Canal passes. 

Lower SyuASKusi, p. v., Monmouth co., K. Jet'.: 3-i m. 
E. S. E. Trenton. 

Lower Three Runs, p. o., Barnwell (list, S. Car. : on a 
branch of Savannah r,, 06 m. S. S. W. C 'unibia. 

Lower Waterford, p. v., Caledonia co., Verm. ; near the 
Connecticut r., 32 m. E. by N. Montpelier. 

LowEBY,p. o., Barnwell dist., S. Car.: S. W. Columbia. 

LowETiLLE, p. o., Meriwether county, Get. : 97 m. W. 
MiUedgeville. 

Low Hampton, p. v., Washington co., K, Y. : 51 m. 
N. N. E. Albany. It is near the llutland and Washington 
E ail road. 

LowiuLL, t. and p. o., Lehigh co., Penn. : 69 m. E. N. E. 
Harrisburg. Surface hilly ; soil gravelly loam and mostly 
productive. It has considerable trade in lumber, and several 
small manufactories. 

Lowndes county, Ala. Situate S. centrally, and contains 
869 gq. m. Drained by Pintida, Big Swamp, and Mask 
creeks, affluents of the Alabama, which is its N. boundary. 
Surface rolling or gently uneven ; soil of average fertility. 
Cotton and corn are the leading crops. Swine arc fed in 
great numbers, and the export of pork is very large. It 
has several mill streams, and a good growth of pine forest. 
Farms S74; mamif. 3; dwell. 1,354, and pop.— wh. 7,'25S, 
fr. col. 8, si. 14,649— total 21,915. Capital: Haynesville. 
Piiblic Works: Montgomery and Mobile Eailroad (pro- 
jected). 

Lowndes county, Ga. Situate 8., and contains about 
1,650 sq. m. Drained by AJIapah-aw r., its E. boundary, 
Withlacoochee, Little, and New rivers, all branches of the 
Suwanee, which flows into Uic Gulf Surface level or undu- 
lating ; soil various— in parts very fertile, in parts sandy bar- 
rens. It is generally well wooded, and has some excellent 
timber near the rivers. Cotton, corn, buckwheat, and 
potatoes produce largely, but the great business Is raising 
catUe and swine. Live-stock, beef, butter, and pork are the 
exports. It is on the S. line, and the State boundar}- is in 
dispute with Florida. Farms 049; manuf. 2; dwell. 932, 
and pop.— wh. 5,S45, fV. col. 22, si. 2,4S4— total S,351. Capi- 
tal: Troupsville. Puhlic Works: Brunswick and Florida 
E. K. and Albany Branch E. E. 

Lowndes county. Miss. Situate N. E., and contains 5S9 
Bq. m. Drained by Little Tombigbee r. and its numerous 
branches. Surface undulating, and somewliat uneven; soil 
very fertile. Cotton is the great staple, and it is one of the 
largest c<»tton-growing counties in the State. Corn yields a 
good crop, and some parts grow wheat. It has flue water- 
power and extensive and rapidly ini-reasing manufactures. 
4U8 



Lying at the head of navigation on the Tombigbee, it has 
easy access to market, and is the outlet for a large district 
Farms T25; manuf. 63; dwell. 1,1GS, and pop.— wh. 6.528, 
fr. col. 2S, el. 12.993- total 19,544. Capital : CuUuubus. 

Lowndes, p. o., Wayne county. Mo.: 137 m. S. E. 
I Jefferson City. 

Ix)WNDESBOROuGn, p. o., Lowodes county., -^?a. ; IS m. 
W. by S. Montgomery. 

LowNDEsviLLE, p. o., Abbevillc dist, S. Car. : about 5 m. 
E. of Savannah r., 94 m. W. by N. Columbia, 

Low I'oiNT. p. v., Woodford co., lU.: 71 ra. N. by E. 
Springfield. Pop. 140. 

Low Point, sta.. Duchess co., K.- Y. : on the lefl bank of 
the Hudson, 11 m. S.of Poughkeepsie by the Hudson Kiver 
E. R. Here is a ferry to Newbiu"g on the W. side, and a 
convenient lauding for vessels and al*jamboats, with several 
large warehouses. 

Lowrance's Mill, p. o., Lincoln co., J^. Car.: 113 m. 
W. by S. Ealcigb. 

LowRY, p. 0., Athens co., Ohio: 81 m. S. E. by E. 
Columbus. 

Lowry's Crossing, sta., Bedford co., Vit-g.: 19 m. W. of 
Lynchburg, on the Virginia and Tennessee E. E. 

Lowryville, p. Y., Madiaou co., HI. : 6S m. S. by W. 
Springfield. 

Lowryville, p. t., Uardin co., Ten7i. : 102 m. S. W. 
Nashville. 

Low's CoRNTu, p. o., Sullivan county, ^ Y.: Si m. 
S. W. by S. Albany. 

LowTTLLE, t and p. v., Lewis co., 2f. Y. : 122 m. N. W. 
Albany. Drained by branches of Black r., which turn 
many saw and grist mills. Surface rolling; soil very fertUe, 
especially in the E. on Black r. A superior farming t, well 
timbered. The v. is near Black r., and contains a bank, an 
incorporated academy, a dozen stores, several mills, and 
Shju inhabitants. Two weekly papers are published, the 
"L. County EepubUcan" (dem.), and "Northern Journal" 
(whig). Pop. of t 2,377. 

Low\TLLE, t and p. o., Columbia ca, Wise: 24 m. 
N. by E. Madison. Surface slightly broken, aud eoii tine 
grain land. Pop. 297. 

Loydsville, p. v., Belmont co., Ohio: 103 ra. E. by N. 
Columbus. 

Loy's Cross Eoads, p. o., Anderson co,, Tenn. : 154 m. 
E. NashviUe. 

LuBEc, t and p. v., Washington co., Me. : at the W. en- 
trance of Passamaquoddy Bay, 146 m. E. N. E. Augusta ; 
soil fertile. The chief interests are commerce and the flsheries, 
aud centre in the v., which occupies a point of land extend- 
ing into the harbor, 3 m. from Eastport The h;irbor is of 
easy access, admits vessels of any size, and is well protected 
by Grau'l Menan and Campobello islands. On the most E. 
point of the I. is W. Quoddy Head light-house. An extea- 
fflve coasting trade is carried on, and cod and mackerel Ash- 
ing largely followed. Pop. of t 3.S14. 

LuBEO Mills, p. o., Washington co., Me. : 141 m. E. N. E. 
Augusta. 

LroAs county, la. Situate S. middle, and contains 433 
sq. m. Drained by Fox cr. and Chariton r. of the Missouri, 
and White Breast Eiver, and other branches of the Des 
Moines. Surface rolling, and soil fertile, adapted to grass 
or grain, and generally timbered, with a sufficiency of 
mill-seats. Little settled. Farms 32; manuf. 0; dwell. 
92, and pop.— wh. 471, and flr. ooL 0— total, 471. QapUal: 
Polk. 

Lucas county, Ohio. Situate N. W., and contains 332 
sq. m. Dr.-iined by Ottawa and Mauraee rivers, and Swan 
cr.. emptying into Maumee Bay. the W. end of Lake Erie, 
which is the E. boundary of the county. Surface generally 
even, and soil mostly fertile. Wheat, com, oats, and bar- 
ley grow easily and produce well. It is a good grazing co, 
and rears many caltlo, and exports much pork. Water- 
power is abundant aud ii< manufactures, already large, are 



LUC 



LUZ 



growing; rapidly. It has considerable lake-trade, and is the 
great thorou-^hfaro for Vi. travrl and freighl, by water 
and hiud routes. Farms 6S3 ; manuf. lol ; dwcU. 2."22r), 
and pop.— wli. 12,223, fr. co!. 140— total 12;363. Capikil: 
Maiunee City. Public Works: Wabash and Erie Canal; 
Erie and Kalamazoo R. K., etc. 

Lucas, p. c, Eiehland county, Ohio: GQ m. N. by E. 
Columbus. 

Lucas%t:lle, p. v., Soioto co., Ohio: on the left bank of 
Boiolo r.. 73 m. S. Columbus. 

LucEBNE, p. c, Washtenau co., Mic?t, : 51 m. 8. E. 
Lansing. 

LtiCEiuiE, p. 0.. Knox co., Ohin: 47 m. N. E. Columbus. 

LuciNi>\ Fup.NAOn, p. o., Crdrion co., Peiiri.: US m. 
"W. N. Vf. Uarrisburg. Ilere is a charcoal furnace of 1,500 
tons annual capacity. 

Lucky Hit, p. o., Limestone co., Ala.: 17G m. N. by W. 
Montgomery. 

LuDA, p. 0., Washita co., Ark.: 81 m. S. S. W. Little 
Eocb. 

Ludlow, t and p. v., Hampden county, Mass. : 73 m. 
W. by S. Boston. Drained by Chicopce r. and its branches, 
whioh atTord g<iod wat^r-power. Surface agrueably un- 
evt-n; soil productive and well tUkd. It is mostly a farm- 
ing t, and well wooded. In the S. on the Chicopee, and 
near the Western K. R., is a thriving manufacturiug village 
where are cotton factories with abundance of water. Pop. 
of t.,l,lSG. 

Ludlow, p. c, Scott co., Sfiss. : E. Jackson. 

Ludlow, st^i., Hamilton co., Ohio : 8 ra. N. of Cincinnati, 
on the Cincinnati, Hamilton, and Dayton E. K. 

Ludlow, i. and p. v., Windsor co., Ver^m.: 61 m. S. 
Montpelier. Drained by Black and W^iUiaras' rivers, which 
afford excellent water-power. Surface billy, and soil finely 
adapted to grazing. Live-stock and wool are valuable ex- 
ports. The V. is on Black r., and has a large trade and 
growing manufactures. It contains a flourishing academy, 
and several stores and mills, and is 2S m. l>y the Rutland 
and Burlington K. R. from Bellows Falls. Pop. of t. 2,063. 

LuDLowTiLLE, p. V., Tompkitts CO.. y. y. : on Salmon cr., 
near the E. side of Cayuga Lake, 14G nL W. Alljaiiy. The 
cr. has a very large fall here, and in the v. are 6 or 8 mills, 
and 600 inhabitants. 

Lumber Bridge, p. o., Robeson co., 2^. Cur.: 85 nx. 
8. by W. RaU-igh, 

LuMOEE City, p. o., Telfair co., Ga. : near the confluence 
of Oconee and Ocmulgee rivers, 89 m. S. by E. Mil- 
ledge ville. 

LuMBERLAND, t. and p. o., Sullivan co., K. Y.: On 
Delaware r., 96 ni. S. W. by 8. Albany. Drained by 
Motigaup r. and other branches of the Delaware, on which 
are great numbers of large saw-mills. Surfice hilly, and 
soil gravelly loam, and densely covered with pine and oak 
timber. The soil is little tilled, but lumber, which is 
exported by the r. and canal in immense quantities, and 
leather, arc products of great value. The Delaware and 
Hudson Canal passes along the r. in the S., crossing it at the 
mouth of Lackawaxen cr., and the Erie R. R. enters ihc t. 
Bome miles above from the Pennsylvania side. Pop. 2,035. 

LuMBERPORT, p. o., Harrisou county, Tirg. : 203 m. 
N. W. by W. Pvichmond. 

Lumber River, sta, Horry district, S. Car. : on the 
Wilmuiglon and Manchester R. R.. 72 ni. from Wilmington. 

Lu.MBERTox, p. v., and cap. Robeson co,, A''. Car. ; on the 
E. bank of Lumber r., S3 m. 8. by W. Raleigh. It contains 
a court-house and several stores, and is engaged in the 
lurjjenline and lumber trade. 

LuMBERTox, p. o., Clintou county, Ohio: 65 m. 3. W. 
Columbus. 

LuMBERTOx, p. v., Eurllngton co., y. Jer. : 19 m. S. by W. 
Trenton. 

LuMBEKviLLE. p. V., Bucks CO., Phui. : on the right bank 
of Delaware r., 96 m. E. by N. Harrisburg. The Delaware 



division of the Pennsylvania Canal passes Ihrougii it, 27 m. 
S. of Easton. 

LuMi'KiN county, Ga. Situate N., and contains 546 sq. m. 
Drained by Chestatie r., a branch of the Challaboochce, and 
Etowah r. of the Coosa, heads of the Alabama and Appa- 
lachicola respectively. Surface rugged and mountainous, 
with beautit'id fertile valleys on the streams, Curn and 
pnrk are the staples. It has some excellent grazing and 
good dairies, aud raises fine wheat in small 'iiiatiiiiies. It La 
in the heart of the gold region, and has the richest mines 
E. of the Mississippi, and a branch mint at its ea]>ital. 
Farms 598; manuf. 0; dwell. 1,381, and p<ii».— wh. 7,993, 
fr. col. 22, si. 939— total 8,954. Capital : Duhlonega. 

Lumpkin, p. v., aud cap. Stewart county, Ga. : 123 m. 
S. W. by W. Milledgeville, It conUiuis a courtrhmise, jail, 
a dozen stores, and 300 inhabitants. 

Lumpkin's, sta., Burke CO., Ga.: on the Augusta and 
Waynesboro' R. R., 41 m. from Augusta. 

Lunenburg county, H/'f/. Situate S. E., an<l contains 
40>. sq. m. It has Nottoway r. on the N.. and Meherrin r- 
on the S., which form the Chowan, aud is drained by their 
branches. Surface diversified agreeably, with s-inie con- 
siderable hills; soil of good fertility, yielding i;ri':it i-rops of 
tobacco, whieb is the staple product, and l:iir,croi>s of com 
and wheat. It has many mill-streams and small manu- 
factories. Farms 54S; manuf. 13; dwell, s-jn, and pop.— 
wh. 4,310, fr. col. 105, sL 7,187- total 11,692. Capital: 
Lunenburg C- H. 

Lunenburg C. H., p. v., and cap. Lunenburg co., Virg.: 
61 m. S. W. Richmond. It contains a briek covirl-Jiouse, 
jail, and clerk's office, and 150 inhabitants. 

LuNENHUR0,t. and p. v., Worcester co., Mnxa.: 39 m. 
W. N. W. r.oston. Drained by branches of Nashua r., 
which are fed by three large ponds. Surface elevated and 
uneven ; soil clayey and adhesive, and gener:illy productive. 
Fanning and gnuing are the leading pursuits, but it manu- 
factures boots and shoes, leather, cabinet-ware, aiul agricul- 
tural implements, etc., in small amounts. The Fitchburg 
R. R. passes through the S. part, aud has a sta. there S m. 
E. of Filchburg, Pop of 1. 1.249. 

Lunenburg, t and p. o., Essex co., n>v». ; on Connec- 
ticut r., 45 m. E. by N. Montpelier. It lies immrdiately 
above the Fifteen Mile Falls on that r.,and is well furnislied 
with water-power by Neal's and Caibow branches. Surface 
uneven autl soil very stony, but mostly fine psisturc. Cattle 
and dair>- products are the chief exports. Vo\>. 1,1'_*4. 

LuNEv's Ceeek, p. 0., Hardy county, Virg. : 161 m. N. W. 
Richmond. 

Llrav, p. v., Henry county, Jnd.: 44 mdes E. N. E. 
Indianapolis. 

Lueav, v., Licking co., Ohio : on the S. braiirh < if Licking 
river, 23 m. E. Columbus. Pop. 83. 

LuRAY, p. v., and cap. Page co., Xlrg. : on a branch of 
Shenandoah r., 88 in. X. W. by N. Richmond. It contains 
a court-house, several stores, and 500 inhabilauts. 

LuTiiERSBURG, p. V., Clearfield county. I'-i'ii.: 113 m. 
W. N. W. Harrisburg. Limestone is quarried mar it, 

LuTiiERSviLLE, p. o., McriwcUicr co., Ga. : 97 m.AV. by N. 
MiUedgeville. 

Luzerne county, Penn. "Situate N. E., and contains 
1,265 sq. m. Bounded S. E. by Lehigh r., and W. by the 
Susquehanna, and drained by its numerous branches, the 
largest, Lackawanna r., and its affluents, draining tbe N. 
half. Surface much diversified, in parts rngi,'cd and br'ken, 
with lovely valle.vs; soil generally very iVrtile: p.arts are 
untillable. Oats, corn, wheat, buckwheat, r\e, and potatoes 
are all flno crops, and produce largely. It is a fine grazing 
region, and feeds great numbers of sheep, ami markets 
much live-stock, beef, and pork. Anthracite ctjal abounds, 
aud f'irms a valuable exporL It has great facilities for 
manufaeturt's, whi<-h are very largely prosecuted, esp -cially 
of flour, iron, iron-ware, and" lumber. Farms 1.936; 
manuf. 175 ; dwell. 9,5S7, and pop.— wh. 65,699, fr. col. 373— 

4U9 



LUZ 



LYN 



total 56,072. Capital: Wilkesbarre. PitUic Works: 
Lackawaima ami Western R. R. ; Cobb's Gap E. R. ; 
Pennsylvania Coal Co. R. R. ; North Branch Division of 
Pennsylvania Canal, etc. 

LtzERN K, t. and p. v., Warren co., N.Y.:Z(j m. N. Albany. 
Bounded W. and S. by Uud3ou river, on whieh are Iladley 
and other large falls. Surface very hilly in the E. ; on the 
Hudson level bottom of ffreal fertility. Lumber is the chief 
product. The v. is on the r., and contains several miUs and 
800 inhabitants. Pop. of 1. 1,300. 

Lycoming counly, Penn. Situate N. centrally, and con- 
tains 927 sq. m. Drained by W. branch of the Susquehanna, 
and I'ine, Lycoming:, Lycosock, and Muncy creeks, ita afflu- 
ents. Surface broken and mountainous in the middle ; more 
even, though hilly, in the N. and S. parts. Soil of great fer- 
tility, especially on the streams, in its numerous valleys. 
Wheat, corn, buckwheat, rye, oats, and potatoes are the 
staples, all growing excellent crops of superior quality. It 
is eminently a grazing co., pasturing large numbers of cattle 
and sheep, with fine dairies and valuable exports of butter, 
cheese, wool, and pork. Water-power it has in abundance, 
and superior timber. Its manufactures are varied, extensive, 
and employ a large capital. Iron, flour, lumber, leather, 
liquors, and woolen goods are made. Farms 1,561 ; manuf. 
232; dwell. 4,5S6, and pop.— wh. 25,890, fr. col. 367— total 
26,257. Cajntal: Williamsport, Publie TForArs .' Penn- 
sylvania Canal ; Williamsport and Elmira R. R. 

Lycoming Creek, p. o., Lycoming county, Penn. : 73 m. 
N. by W. Harrisburg. 

L-i-ELL's Stcke. P.O., Richmond county, Virg.: 44 m. 
E. N. E. Richmond. 

Lyman, t. and p. o., York co., Mp. : 14 m. S. W. by S. 
Augusta. Drained by a branch of Saco r. and Kennebunk, 
r., which rises in a pond near its centre. Surface somewhat 
uneven, and soil fertile and well cultivated. The York and 
Cumberland R. K, passes near the N. comer. Pop. 1,376. 

Lyman, t. and p. v., Grafton co., 2^. Ifamp. : on the Con- 
necticut river, 73 m. N. N. W. Concord. Drained E. by 
branches of Ammonoosuc river. Surface uneven, but not 
mountainous. Soil generally productive, and good pjislure 
land. The v. is on the Connecticut, which has several falls, 
and is crossed by a ferry. Pop. of 1. 1,442. 

Lyman Centre, p. v., York co., Me. : 76 m. S. W. by S. 
Augusta. 

Lymansville, p. v., Potter CO., Penn. : 119 m. N. W. by N. 
Harrisburg. 

Lyme, t and p. v.. New London co.. Conn. : at the month 
of the Connecticut, on the E. side, 39 m. S. S. E. Hartford. 
Drained by Blackball and Four Mile rivers, and other small 
streams flowing into the river and Sound. Surface in the 
8. mostly level, with extensive salt meadows ; in the N. 
broken and stony, with much excellent pasture. Farming 
and grazing are leading interests, and wool a considerable 
export. Small factories of cotton and woolen goods are 
opcratcil on the streams, and the indentations of the coast 
afford several harbors and give it facilities for commerce. 
The village is a wide street, lined with fine farm-houses, 
half a mile E. of the river, and has a landing for steam- 
boats and a ferry to Saybrook;, The New Haven and New 
London R. R. crosses the town, and connects with the W. 
side of the river by a ferry. The station at the ferry is 16 m. 
W. of New London. Pop. of t, 2,663. 

Lyme, t. and p. v., Grafton co., N. Hamp. : on the Con- 
necticut, 52 m. N. W. by N. Concord. Drained by small 
affluents of the Connecticut, on which are numerous saw- 
mills. Surface moderately uneven, and soil generally fertile 
and well timbered. The village is on the Connecticut, and 
contains a flourishing academy and several stores. Pop. 
of 1. 1,618. 

Lyme, t. and p. c, Huron county, Ohio : 33 m. N. by E. 

Columbus. Drained by Pipe cr, which flows into Lake 

Erie. Surface level, and soil superior for grain-growing. 

The Toledo, Norwalk, and Cleveland R. R., and Mad River 

410 



and Lake Erie R. R. pass through it and intersect near its 
W. hue. Pop. 1,S59. 

Lynchburg, p. v., Campbell co., Vlrg.: on the S. side 
of James r., 22 m. below Balcony Falls, and 91 m. W. by 8. 
Richmond. LaU 37° 36' N., and long. 79° 22' W. The 
James River and Kanawha Canal, now flnisbed W. to the 
mouth of North r., is at present the great channel of its 
commerce with the sea-board ; but it is soon to be connected 
E. and W. by a magnificent line of railroads— the South 
Side R. R. to Petersburg, 120 m., and Richmond, 122 m., 
and the Virginia and Tennessee R. R., and connections to 
and beyond the Ohio r. and the Mississippi, passing through 
the principal commercial(Centres of the great interior basin ; 
these lines are rapidly being completed, and before the ex- 
piration of the year 1S55 the whole will be in operation. 
The V. is well located for business and health, on ground 
rising gently from the river, and on every side environed by 
magnificent scenery, overlooked on the W. by the lofty 
peaks of the Blue Ridge mountains, rising in one plac&— 
the Peaks of Otter— to an elevation of 4,260 feet above the 
sea level. In 1793 Lynchburg contained but five dwellings, 
and it is now one of the largest, most wealthy, and busy 
places of the State, and has an amount of trade surpassed 
by no other place between the Ohio River and the Atlantic 
sea-board. Its buildings, public and private, are substan- 
tial, and in many instances handsome structures ; and its 
warehouses are large and filled with the produce of a wide 
tributary country. It has 6 or 7 extensive tobacco ware- 
houses, in which from 10,000 to 12,000 hogsheads of tobacco 
are annually inspected, and there are some 25 or 30 tobacco 
factories, each of which on an average turn out 1,500 boxes 
annually. Cotton and iron are also manufactured here to a 
considerable extent, and there are several extensive flouring 
and other mills. Lynchburg has three banks ; and there 
are published in the v. three newspapers, the " L. Virgin- 
ian" (whig), the " Virginia Patriot'' (whig), and the " L. Re- 
publican" (dem.) ; the water-power applicable to manufac- 
tures is large and valuable, and has been greatly increased 
by a dam above the v., which latter also creates the reser- 
voir or source of the water supplied to the inhabitants, which 
is raised to an elevation by means of pumps and distributed 
through pipes. Below this, and connecting the city with 
the opposite bank, a bridge crosses the river, over which is 
the road to Charlottesville. Pop. about 8,071. 

Lynchbitro, p. V. and sla., Highland co., Ohio : on the 
E. branch of Little Miami river, which affords several fine 
mill-sites, 63 m. S.W. by S. Columbus. The station is 10 m. 
from Hillsboro', on the Cincinnati, HiUsboro', and Parkers- 
burg R. R. 

Lyncububg, p. c, Lincohi co., Tenn. : 56 m. S. by E. 
Nashville. 

Lyncuburg, sta., Sumter dist, iSl Car. : on the Wilming- 
ton and Manchester Pu R., 23 m. from Manchester. 

Lynch's Creek, p. o., Marion district, &. Car.: on the 
stream so called, S7 m. E. by S. Columbia. 

Lynch's creek, S. Car, : rising in North Carolina, after a 
S. S. E. course of 125 m. flows into Great Pedee r., and is 
navigable through half its length. 

Lynch's Lake, p. o., Williamsburg dist., S. Car. : SI m, 
S. S. E. Columbia. 

Lyn'CIIwood, p. o., Kershaw dist, S. Car. : on the W, 
side of LjTich's cr.. 47 m. N. E. by E. Columbia. 

LvNUEBOROiTGn, t. and p. o., Hillsborough co., 2\r.namp.: 
26 m. S. W. by S. Concord. Drained by branches of Sou- 
began r. Surface rough and stony, but it has very superior 
pastures, and some good farms. Pop 963. 

Lyndon, p. v., Whitesides co., III.: about 1 m. W. of 
Rock r., 1.34 m. N. by W. Springfield. It was the former 
cap. of the co., and contains an academy, several stores, and 
450 inhabitants. 

LvNDoN, t. and p. v., Caledonia co., Verm.: -35 m. N. E. 
Montpelicr. Drained by Passumpsic r. and its branches, 
which supply it with an abundance of excellent water-power 



LYN 



LYT 



The Great Falls of the Tassumpsic deacenil G5 feet in SO rods, 
within the t., aud the Little Falls IS. Surface undulating, 
and soil rich loam, free from stone, and of easy tillage. 
Live-stock, wool, and dairy products, form heavy exports. 
The V. is on the Passumpsic, and contains an academy, 
and several manufactories. The Connecticut and Passump- 
8ic liivers E. K. passes thruugh the t. Pop. of L 1,752. 

LvwDON Gentle, p. o., Caledonia co., Verm. : 37 m. N. E. 
MontpeHer. 

LvNiMisviLLK, p. v., Oileans oo., 2\^. II ; on Johnson's cr. 
240 m. W. by N. Albany. It contains several mills and 
stores, and 500 inhabitants. 

Lynesville, p. v., Granville county, ^. Cur. : 55 m. N. 
Baleigfa. 

LvxN, L, p. city, and port, Essex co., Ma^f. : 9 m. 
N. E. Boston. The town extends some G ra. along the sea, 
and is almost surrounded with waicr. On the "W. is Sa\igus 
river, on the S. the harbor, on the S. E. the ocean, and on the 
N. are the Lakes of Lynn, a chain of ponds. The S. part 
of the L is an inclined plane, bounded on the N. by bold por- 
phyritic hills, beyond which the surface is thickly covered 
with timber. From its S. E. corner, extending into the 
ocean 4 m., is Nahaut peninsula, at the S. extremity of 
which is located the celebrated watt-ring-place of the same 
name. Phillip's Point, another peninsula, is also a flue 
sumnuT resort, ana in the N. part of the t is a noted min- 
eral spring, much frequented by invalids. The city of Lynn 
is pleasantly situatetl, and well laid out in broad and airy 
streets, and has an excellent harbor. Lat 4^° 27' 51" N., 
and long. "O'^ 57' 25" W. It contains 15 churches, 10 
school-houses, an academy, 2 banks, a savings institution, 
2 insurance offices, and several literary, scientific, and benev- 
olent institutions. Two newspapers, the " L. News (whig), 
and the " Bay State" (dera), are issued weekly. It is cele- 
brated for its manufacture of ladies' shoes, and its extensive 
c.id and mackerel fisheries. The shoe business is the life 
of Lynn. Only womens', misses', and childrcns' shoes are 
made here Engaged in this business, there are of raauu- 
facturers, or men who "carry on the business," S9 ; of cut- 
ters, or men who '*cut out" the shoes, 175; of men and 
boys employed in " making" shoes, 2,453; of men and boys 
60 employed, but living out of the town, about 900; of 
women and girls erapl'>yed in "binding" shoes, 4,925; of 
the same so employed, and living out of the town, about 
1,600; making of employees an aggregate of 10,05S. The 
number of men and boys employed in making shoes is 
more than 70 per cent now than it was in 1842. The iu- 
crease in the number of women and girls employed in bind- 
ing shoes has been correspondingly great. The number 
of pairs of shoes made last year (.1849), was 3,540,000 pairs. 
The cost of material of these was $1,535,545: that of making 
them $957,030— making the cost of the 3.540.000 pairs of 
shoes to have been $2,392,575. Shoe-making was a princi- 
pal business of the inhabitants before the Kevolution, and 
hence the people of the '• City of Shoes" ought to be en- 
dowed with good understanding f. The population of the 
town in 1790 was 2.291; in ISOO, 2,837; in ISIO, 4,087; in 
1820, 4.515; in 1830, 6,138; in 1S40, 9,367, and in 1850, 
14.259 — the increase for the last two decennial periods hav- 
ing been upward of 52 per cent. The Eastern R. II. passes 
thniugii Lynn, 9 m. from Boston. 

Lynn. p. o., Susquehanna co., Pfii?;.: 114 m. N. N. E, 
Ilarrisburg. 

Lynn, p. o., Randolph county, Lid. : 53 m. E. by W. 
Indianapolis. 

Lynn Camp, Knox county, Ki/.: 93 m. S, E. by S. 
Frankfort. 

Lynnfield, t and p. t., Essex co., Ma.sfi. : 12 m. N. Bos- 
ton. Drained by Ipswich and Saugus rivers, which afford 
good water-power. Surface rugged; soil unproductive, 
with some arable land of superior quality, mostly well wood- 
ed, and in parts covered with large forests, ^yoolens, boots 
and shoes, iron-ware, and several kinds of tools, etc., are 



manufactured. Its romantic scenery makes it a favorite 
resort in summer of parties from the n-'ighborinK cities. 
The South Reading Branch of the Boston an<l Maine K. R. 
passes through it, and has a sta. 6 m. "W. of Salem. Pop. 
of t, 1723. 
Ltnnfield Centre, p. v., Essex co., Jfass. : 15 m. N. 

Lynnfoi'.d, p. o., Jefferson county, A'//. .■ 41 m. "W. 
Frankfort. 

LvNN^■I[.L^, p. v., Morgan county, III.: 37 m. 'W. by S. 
Springfield. 

Lynnyille, p. 0., Jasper co., la.: 79 m. W. of Iowa 
City. 

Lynntille, p. v., "Warrick co., Ind. : 121 m. S. \V. by S. 
Indian.ipoli3. A plank-road leads hence to Newburgon the 
Ohio. 

Lynnville, p. v., Lehigh county, Penji. : G4 m. E. N. E. 
Ilarrisburg. Here is a furnace of 800 tons capacity. 

Lynnville, p. o., Giles co., Teiin.: on a branch of F-lk 
r., 54 m. S. by "W. Nashville. 

Lyons, p. v., Clinton co., la. : on the Mississippi, 71 m. E. 
by N. Iowa City. 

Lyons, t. and p. v., Ionia county, Mich.: 32 m. N. W. 
Lansing. Drained by Maple and Grand rivers and their 
branches. Surface level or rolling. Soil a rich alluviimi, 
producing fine grass and grain. The v. is 1 m. above the 
union of Maple and Grand rivers, on the latter, and at the 
head of steamboat navigation. The r. has a considerable 
fall, and the facilities for manufacturing are very good. 
Pop. of t. 850. 

Lyons, t., p. v., and cap. Wajne county, N. Y. : 172 m. 
W. by N. Albany. Surface hilly. Soil sandy and calcareous 
loam, and very productive of grain. Flour, leather, aud 
earthen-ware, are important manufactures. The Krio 
Canal passes through it, on which is the v. 44 m. E. of Ro- 
chester, and near the junction of Mud er. and Canandaigna 
r., which form the Clyde, and from which it is amply sup- 
plied with water-power by a canal half a mile in length. 
it is largely engaged in manufacturing flour, iron castr 
ings, leather, carriages, etc. It contains a court-house, jail, 
and the county oflSces, several large hotels, 25 stores, an ex- 
cellent high school, and 2,000 inhabitants. Two weeklies 
are published, the " W. County "Whig," and " L. Gazette" 
(demi. A railroad from Rochester to S}Tacuse direct will 
pass Uirough it. Pop. of t. 4,926. 

Lyons, p. o., Fulton co., Ohio : 122 m. N. N. W. Columbus. 

Lyons, p. v.. Cook co.. III. : 16S m. N. E. Springfield. 

Lyons, p. v., "Walworth co., Wise. : on a branch of Fox r., 
63 m. E. S. E. Madison. 

Lyons, p. o., Fayette co., Tesc. : 49 m. E. S. E. Austin City. 

Lyonsdau,, p. v., Lewis co., iV! Y. : about 2 m. S. of Mooso 
r., 99 m. N. W. Albany. 

Lyon's Hollow, p. o., Steuben co., JV. Y. : 204 m. "W. by 
S. Albany. 

Lvon's L.vnding, p. o., Bladen eo., N. Oir.: 74 m. 8. 
Raleigh. 

Lyons' Store, p. o., Hawkins co., Tenn. : 222 ra. E. by N. 
Nashville. 

Lyonsville, p. v., Cook co., 77/. .- about two miles W. of 
Des Plaines r., 1G5 m. N. E. Springfield. 

Lyra, p. o., Scioto co., Ohio: SO ra. S. Columbus. 

Lysanber, t. and p. o., Onandaga county, K Y.: 143 m. 
W. by N. Albany. Bounded E. by Oswego r., and 8. by 
Seneca r. Surface mostly level, and soil of excellent qual- 
ity. It is a large t, principally devoted to agricultural pur- 
suits, for which it is admirably adapted. The Oswego and 
Syracuse R. K. crosses the E. part, and has a sta. near Seneca 
r. Pop. 5.8^3. 

Lytuonia, p. o. and sta., De Kalb county, Oa.: on the 
Georgia R. K-, 24 m. from Atlanta, 71 m. N. W. Milledge- 
ville. 

LYTLE9^^LLE, p. V., M'Leao county, III. .* 68 m. N. E. 
Springfield. 

411 



M'AF 



M'GR 



M. 



M'Afee, p. o., Mercer co., Ky. : 23 m. S. Frankfort. 
M'Alevy's Foet, p. 0., HunlingdoQ co.^ Peniu : t^ m. 
W. by N. Harrisburg. 

M'Allister's Cross Eoads, p. o., Montgomery co., Teiiiu: 
89 m. N, W. Nashville. 

M'Allisteetille, p. v., Juniata co., Pejin, : 35 m. N. W. 
Iljirrisliurg. 
M-AnTiiUR, p. 0., Vinton co., Ohio: 5.3m. S.E.Columbus. 
M'AExnuRSTowN, p. v., and cap. Vinton co., Ohio: on a 
branch of Kaccoon cr., 65 m. S. E. Columbus. Thero is an 
exteiLsive bmr-millstono factory here. The "Vinton co. 
Republican" (whig) is published here. Pop. 424. 

M'Been, p. o., Richmond county, Ga. : 85 m. E. by N. 
Millcdgeville. 

M'UiiiDE's Mills, p. o., Heard co., £?a< : 97 m. W. by N. 
MilkdfTeville. 

M'lluiuEsviLLE, p. v.. Union dist., S. Car. : near M'Bride 
r, 09 m. N. W. Columbia. 

M'Call'8 Cheek, p. o., Franklin ca. Miss: 71 m. S. "W. 
Jackson. 

M'Callttw's Stoee, p. a, Montgomery co., ^ Car.: 71 
m. S. W. Raleigh. 

M'Clella2s'dto\vn, p. v., Fayette co., Penn. : 155 m. "W. 
by S. Ilarrisburg, 

M'Clennan county, Ter-.: situate centrally, and contains 
about 940 sq. m. It lies on the upper part of, and mostly to 
the W. of Brazos r., that river intersecting the E. part and its 
branches, the largest of which is N. Bosque r., draining it. 
It is a new co. erected smeelSSO, and but little settled. 

M'CoMB, p. v., Hancock county, Ohio: 73 m. N. N. W. : 
Columbus. 

M'CusNELi^BTTKO, p. V., Fulton to., Penn. : in a valley 
on Big Cove cr.,59 m. W. S. W. Ilarrisburg. The Hanover 
BI;ist Furnaces of 2,000 tons capacity are at this village. The 
Fulton County " Democrat'' is issued weekly. 

M'C'.'NNELL's Geote, p. o., Stcphcuson CO., lU. : 179 m. 
N. Springfield. 

M'CuNNELLSTowN, p. 0., Iluntingdon co.j Penn. : 63 m. 
"W. by N. Harrisburg. 

M' Conn ELLS viLLE, p. o,, Oneida county, iV. Y,: 135 m. 
V». by N. Albany. 

M'CoNNELisviLLE,p. V., and cap. Morgan co., Ohio: on 
Uie E. side of Muskingum r., C3 m. E. S. E. C^ )lumbns. The 
v. is situate on an elevation of from 15 to 20 fwt above hlcrh 
water mark. There is a C. II., jail, 2 churches, and several 
tanneries here. The "Morgan Ctironicle'' ^dcnx), and 
" Morgan Herald" (whig), are published weekly. Pop. 
1,660. 

M'CoYsviLLE, p. o., Juniata county, Pemi. : 35 m. N. W. 
Harrisburg. 

M'Crackes' county, JCi/. Simate "W., and contains 223 sq. 
m. Bounded N. by the Ohio, E. by tho Tennessee, and 
drained by Clark's and Mayfield's rivers. Surface mostly 
even, and soil fertile. Com is the staple ; wheat and to- 
bacco are considerably raised. It has good pastures, and 
exports a large quantity of pork. Its manufactures are im- 
portant, and fast increasing. Farms 34S ; manuf. 3S ; dwell. 
&ii.% and pop.— wh. 5.241, fr. col. IS, si. 808— total 6,0C7. 
Capital: Padueah. 

M'CfLLocu's Mills, p. o., Juniata county, Penn.: 37 m. 
"W'. N. W. Harrisburg. 

M'CuTcuEsviLLE, p. 0., Vanderbiu-g co., Ind, : 131 tcl 
S. W. Indianapolis. 

M'Cl'tchenville, p. 0., Wyandott county, Ohio: on a 
branch of the Sandusky r., 71 m. N. by "W. Columbus, and 
2 in. E. from Mad River and Lak e Erie R. R. 

M'tuTcnoN's, p. 0., St. Charles piu*.. La. : 69 m. S. E. 
Baton Rouge. 

M'Dan-iel's,p. o., Orange county, JV. Car,: 41 m- N. W. 
Balcigh. 

412 



M'BoN.iLD county, 3/o. Situate S. W. comer, and eon 
tains 519 sq. m. Drained by Elk r. and its branches, afHuent« 
of Neosho. Surface pleasantly diversified, and soil of 
superior fertility. Com is the staple. It grows grass or 
grain in profusion, and is an excellent grazing co. It is 
well timbered, and has verj' good water-power. Farms 
126; manuf. 42; dwell. 371, and pop.— wh. 2,132, f. col. 21, 
si. Si— total 2,236. Capital: RuUedge. 

M'DoNALD, p. o., "Wilkinson co., Oa. : 17 m. S. Milledge- 
viUe. The Central (Georgia) R. R. passes it 100 m. from 
Savannah, and 31 m. from Macon. 

M'Di -N ALD, p. v., Barry co.. Mo. : on Flat cr., 157 m. S. W. 
Jetferson City. 

M'Donald's Mill, p.o., Montgomery oo., Vtrg. :159 m, 
"W. by S. Richmond. 

M'DoNouGH county, JIL Sihiate N. W., and contains 
576 sq. m. Drained by Drowning Fork, Troublesome, Tur- 
key, and Grindst^^me creeks, branches of Crooked cr.. a branch 
of the Illinois. Surface level, cf gently undulating. Soil 
very fertile, in the W. particularly. In the E. is a strip of 
prairie ; the rest is sufBciently wooded. It has a few mill- 
streams. Corn and wheut are staples, and pork a large ex- 
port Forms S43; manuf. 19; dwell. 1,26-2. and pop.— wh. 
7,6Il,and fr. col. 5— total 7/)16. Capital: Macomb. PnhUa 
WorA-s: Central Military Tract R. R. 
M'DoNOUGH, p. o., New Castle co., Del. : 23 m. N. Dover. 
M'DoNouGn, p, v., and cap. Henry co., Ga. : near a branch 
of the Ocmulgce r., G3 m. W. N. W. Milledgeville. It con- 
tains a fine court-house. Jail, and two churches, an academy, 
60 dwellings, and about 350 inhabitanfe. 

M'DoNoirGU, t and p. v., Chenango CO., y. Y. : 109 m, 
"W. by S. Albany. Drained by Geneganslctte cr. Surface 
uneven; soil fertile, and well adapted to grazing. The v. is 
situate nn Gcneganslette cr., and has several mills, tanneries, 
and a prinling-nffice. Pop. of t 1,522. 

M'Dowell county, A*! Car. Situate W., and contains 
545 sq. m. Drained by Catawba r. and its heads, Turkey, 
Goose, and Crooked creeks. Surface elevated, and in parta 
raountjunons. flie water-shed between E. and W. rivers lying 
on its AV"., and the Catawba rising here. Soil mostly fertile, 
adapted especially to grazing and producing fine cnipsof 
wheat and com. with some cotton and tobacco. It has much 
water-power and flouris'hing manufactures. This is in the 
gold region, and the production has been conaiderable. 
Farms 5(lS; manuf 29 ; dwell. 860, and pop.— wh. 4.777, flr. 
col. 207, si. 1,202— total 6.246. CapiUil: Marion. 

M'DowELL, p. o., Highland co., Virg.: 323 m. N. W. 
Richmond. 

M'Elavet Foet, p. o., Huntington co., Penn. The Re- 
becca Blast Furnace, of SOO tons annual capacity, also a 
charcoal forge (of same name), which produces 200 tons of 
blooms annually, are located here. 

M'Ewen's Cross-Koads, p. o.. Morrow co., Ohio : 49 m. 
N. by E. Columbus. 

M'KwENsviLLE, p. 0., Northumberland co., Pen^u : 55 m. 
N. Harrisburg. 

M-Fauland's, p. o., Lunenburg co., Virg. : 57 m. S. W. 
Richmond. 

M'Gahevsville, p. 0., Rockingham co., Virg.: 93 m. 
N. W. Richmond. 
M'Gauy, p. 0., Hapcock co.. III. : S9 m. N. "W. Springfield. 
M'Gee's p. 0., Polk CO., Tea-. : 169 m. E. by N. Austin City. 
M'Gee's Bridge, p. o., Yallabusha co., J/ws. .* 119 m. N 
by E. Jackson. 

M'Guee's Stoke, p. c, Jackson oo., Ohio: 63 m. S. by E. 
Columbus. 

M'Grawvii.le, p. v., Cortlandt co., N". Y. : on a branch 
of Tioughnioga r., 131 m. W. Albany. Contains several 
churches, and a number of workshops and slorcjt. The 
"Cortlandt County Express" (neutral). "Morning Star*' 
(R. Moth-), and "Christian Contributor" (Bnptistl, are issued 
here. It is the seat of a college for the promiscuous educa- 
cation orcolored and white persons. 



M'GR 



M'MI 



M'Gregou's LA^^)ISG, p. v., Clayton co., /a. ; in N. K. 
port (if CO., on W. bank Mississippi r., 31 m. N. Iowa City. 

M-Hakgue's Mills, p. c, Knox co., Ay. .• 107 m. 3. E. 
Frankfort. 

M-Heni:y county, JU. Situate N. E., and contains 486 
Bq. m. Drained K. by Fox r. and ltd branches, and W. by 
Piskasbaii and Kush creeks, and N. brancU ol' Kishwaukce 
r., afllut-nt-s of lluck r. Surface undulating; soil mos.lly a 
8;mdy loam, and very productive. On Fox r. is much good 
limber ; the \V. min^jled grove and prairie. Wheat, com, 
oata, and potatoes yield well, and greatnumbers of cattle and 
hogs are raised. It has many ponds in the E., and a suffi- 
ciency of water-power. Farms 1,950; manuf. 17; dwell. 
2.050, and pop.— wh. 14,977, fr. col. 2— total 14,979. Capital : 
Dorr (furmeriy Woodstock). Public Works: Galena and 
Chicago Union U. K., etc. 

M'Uknuy, p. v., and cap. M'lTenry CO., III. : on the W. 
side of Fox r, 195 m. N. N. E. Sprlnglleld. The country 
round about the v. is excellent farming land. 

M'In'doe's Falls, p. c, Caledonia co., Verm.: on W. 
bank Connecticut r., 27 m. E. Montpellcr, and at the head 
of navigation. The Connecticut and Pas.sumpsic Kivcrs 
li. K, piloses through the v., 4S m. '"rom White river junction. 

M'Lntosii county, Ga. Situate S. E. on the Atlantic, and 
conuuus 548 sq. m. Allamaha r. bounds it 3., and S. New- 
port r. N., and drain it by their affluents. Sapelo r. flows 
into Sapelo Sound between them. Surface level, and much 
of it low and swampy ; soil fertile generally, in parts exceed- 
ingly rich. The W. is a pine barren ; on the coast are very 
productive rice marshes. Sapelo I., which lies off shore a 
little, is very fertile, as is the land between the barrens and 
coast, and produces Sea Island cotton largely. Kice is a 
very large and the chief crop. Cotton and com are much 
less raised, but the firmer is very superior. Farms 117; 
manuf. 10; dwell. 2S3. and pop.— wh. 1,327, fr. col. 72, si. 
4.629— total 6,023. Capital: Daricn. 

M'I\Laig'3 Mills, p. v., Columbiana co., Ohio: 121 m. 
E. N. E. Columbus. 

M'Kay, p. 0., Ashland county, Ohio : 65 m. N. N. E. 
Columbus. 

M'Kay, p. o., Dallas co., fa. : 125 m. W. Iowa City. 

M'Kean county, Penn. Situate N. W., and contains 
1,122 sq. m. Drained by Alleghany r. and its branches. 
Potato and Kenjua creeks, and affluents of W. branch of 
the Susqunbanna. Surface rough ami hilly ; soil generally 
good, and adapted to grazing. Wheat, corn, oats, and po- 
tatoes are raised in small quantities. Cattle and sheep are 
largely reared, and live-stock, butter, and wool exported. 
It has abundant water-power, and timber, and valuable 
manufaetories of salt, iron, lumber, etc. It abounds in coal, 
iron ore, and salt-springs. Farms 246; manuf. 40; dwell. 
953. and pop.— wh. 5,21S, fr. col. 36— total 5,254. Capital: 
Brailhport 

M"Ke.\n, t. and p. v., Erie co,. Penn. : 205 m. N. W. Har- 
risburir. and 9 m. S. Erie. Drained by Elk cr. Surface 
varied, in parts hilly ; soil sandy loam. It has several mills. 
Pop. of t 2,sit9. 

M'Keassbcrg, p. v., Schuylkill co., Pemi. Situate about 
1^ m. W. Little Schuylkill river and raih*oad, 53 m. N. E. 
Harrisburg. 

M'Kean's Old Stand, p. o., Westmoreland co., Petm. : 
185 m. W. llarrisljurg. 

M'Kke's Half Falls, p. o., Union co., Penn.: 41 m. N. 
Harririliurg. 

M-Kf.f.'s Port. p. v., Alleghany co., Penn.: on the E. 
side of Monongahela r., near the mouth of the Youghiogeny 
r., 155 m. W. by N. Harrisburg. It contains a church, sev- 
eral stores, and 6 schools wiUi 340 scholars. Pop. 1,392. 

M-KiNLRY county, Teec. Situate S. W., and contains 3,989 
eq. m. It lies between the Neuces and Grand rivers, the 
latter its W. boundary for 150 miles, the former its E. for 
120. Sun Felipe, Pedro, Mavericks, Zoquette, Las Moms. 
Kim, and San Ambmsio creeks flow into the Grand and 



Turkey, Elm, Live Oak, Mustang, and St. Mar}'s creeks, 
into the Neuces. Surface much varied ; in the N. mount- 
ain ridges and broken intervals, in the S. plains of great 
extent, with ravines and high hills in parts ; soil various ; 
on the large streams fertile, producing corn abun<lantly, 
with most of the grains, fruits, and vegetables. A large 
part of the co. is but moderately productive, and ustrd mnslly 
to pastiire horses and catUe, which thrive wiih lilile or no 
attention in this mild climate. The Grande is here a stream 
of good size, but loo swift for navigation; the Neuces is 
smaller; the banks of both are generally well wooded, as 
are their branches, Tlie parts back of the rivers are some- 
what deficient in timber. This large tract Is recovering the 
population it has lost in long border strifes, but is as yet 
sparsely settled. Capital: Fort Duncan. Unorganized 
in 1850. 

M'KiNLEY, p. v., Marengo county, Ala. : 71 m. W. by 3. 
Montgomery. 

M'KiNNEY, p. v., and cap. Collins co., 7kp. Situate cen- 
trally between Ten Mile and Honey creeks, 215 ra. N. by E. 
Austin City. 

M'Kinstkt's Mills, p. c, Carroll county, Md.: 87 ra. E. 
Annapoli?. 

M'Kissack's Grove, p. o., Fremont county, /<», .■ 219 m. 
W. B. W. Iowa City. 

M'Lafns Mills, p. v., Waldo co., Me. : on the St. George 
r., 31 m. E. b}". S. Augusta. 

M'Lean county, HI. Situate N. E. centre, and contains 
1,064 sq. m. Drained by Mackinau, Kickapoo, and Sugar 
creeks, affluents of the Illinois. Surface elevated and un- 
dulating ; 8f"il very fertile. A large share is prairie, dot^d 
with groves of excellent timber. Its streams afford good 
mill-seats, and limestnne and coal are found in parLs. Cora 
is the staple, on which pork is largely fatted for export. 
Wheat is a good crop, and the grazing very fine. Farms 
916; maimf. 3; dwell. 1,S51. and pop.— wh. 10,121, fr. col. 
42— total 10,163. Capital: Bloomington. Pitbfic Works: 
Illinois Centra! E. li. ; Chicago and Mississippi K. K. ; 
Peoria and Oquawka R. K., etc. 

M'Lean, p. v„ Tompkins co,, K T.: 133 m. W. Albany, 
on Fall er.. which aflnrds great water-power. Ithas several 
manufactories, mills, and workshops, 60 dwelUngs, and about 
400 inhabitants. 

M'LEANSBOBouGn, p. V., and cap. Hamilton co., PL : 
133 m. S. S. E. Springfield. It contains a court-house and 
jail. etc. 

MLean's Stoke, p. o., Tippab co., Miss. : 1C7 ra. N. E. 
Jackson. 

M'Leanbvtlle, p. o., Jackson CO., Tenn. : 59 m. E. by N. 
Na.shville. 

M'Lemare3Ville,p. v., Carroll CO., Tenn.: 97 m. W.byS. 
Nashville. 

M'Leod's, p. v., Greene county, MiM. : on W. side of 
Pascagoula r., lol m. S. E. Jackson. 

M->lANrs, p. o., Greene co.^ Miss. : 99 m. S. E. Jackson. 

M'Matu's, p. v., Tuscal<x)?a ca, Ala.: on the Tuscaloosa 
and Ellington post-road, T5 m. N. W. Montgomery. 

M-Meekln's, p. v., Fairfield dist., S. Car. : 2;> m. N. N. W. 
Columbia. 

M'Millan'8, p. o., Panola county, Tex.: 247 m. N. E. 
Austin City. 

M'Millen's Grove, p. o., Du Page co., PI : 161 m. 
N. N. E. Springfield, and 81 m. W. A N. Chicago. 

M'MiNN 'county, Tenn. Situate 8. E., and contains 503 
sq. m. Bounded N. W. by the Tennessee, S, W. by its 
branch, the Iliwassee, and drained by its affluents. Surface 
varied, with broken land and hills E. and 9., which send 
down many streams, affording excellent water-power ; ^oil 
generally fertile, and good pasture. Com is the leaning 
crop, and wheat yields largely. Pork and beef are exported, 
and it has very fine horses. Its facilities for manufacturing 
are well improved by many extensive and flourishing es- 
tablishments that produce cotton and woolen goods, flour, 

^18 



M'MI 



MAC 



leather, lumber, liquors, oil, etc. Farms 1,6SS; manuf. 115 ; 
dwell. 2,0-AO; and pop.— wh. 12,266, fr. col. 52, bL 1,56S— total 
13,906. Capital: Athens. Public TTwi-* ; East Tennessee 
and Georgia R. E.; Chattanooga and Cliarleaton Kail- 
road, etc. 

M'MrNNviLLE, p. v., and cap. Warren co., Tenn. : on N. 
side Barren Fork, which flows into the Caney, a fork of the 
Cumlterland r., (il m. S. E. Frankfort. The M'Minnviile and 
Manchester R. 11., a branch of the Niishville and Chatta- 
nooga E. K., comes up to the village from Tullahoma, and it 
is the S. ttTminus of the Danville and M'Minnviile E. E. 
Pop. about 6ai). 

M'Nairt county, Tenn. Situate S. W., and contains STl 
sq. ra. Drained W. by heads of Big Ilatehie r., and E. by 
"White Oak, Mud, Snake, and Owl creeks of the Tennessee. 
Surface moderately uneven ; soil of good fertility. Corn, 
■wheat, and tobacco are leading crops. Pork ia a heavy ex- 
port. It has good mill-streams, and some manufactures of 
much imporUince. Farms 1,379; manuf. 33; dwell. 1,S95, 
and pop.— wh. 11,447, fr. col. 24, si. 1,393— total 12,Sf>4. 
Capital : Purdy. Public Works ': Memphis and Charleston 
Kailroad. 

M'NuTT, p. 0., Sunflower co., Miss. : 93 m. N. by W. 
Jackson. 

M'Eae'8 Mills, p. o., Montgomery co., JT. Car. : 71 m. 
6. W. Ealeigh. 

M'Eae's Store, p. o., Telfair co., 6^ff. .* near a tributary of 
the Altamaha r., S5 m. S. by E. Milledgeville. 

M'Sheerystown, p. v., Adams cn.^Peiin.: in the S. E. 
part of the co., 30 m. S. by W. Harrisburg. 

I^Vettown, p. v., Mifflin co., Peniu : on the W. side of 
the Juniata^ r., and on the line of the E. division of the 
Pennsylvania E. R., 14 miles 3. W. Lewiston, and 49 miles 
W. N. W. Harrisburg. 

M'WiLHAMSTowN, p. o., Chester co., Penn.: 61 m. S. E. 
Harrisburg. 

Mabbettsville, p. o., Dutchess county, N, Y. : 63 m. S. 
Albany. 

Mabee's, p. o., Jackson co., Ohio: 70 m. S. E. Columbus. 

Macedon, t. and p. v., Wayne co., N'. Y. : 190 ra. W. by N. 
Albany. Drained by Mud cr. Surface uneven ; soil very 
fertile. The Erie Canal passes through the centre of the t. 
It has a nu... jer of mills, etc Pop. of U 2,3S4. 

Macedon', p. 0., Mercer county, Ohic : 97 m. W. y.. W. 
Columbus. 

Macedon Centre, p. o., Wayne co., y. Y. : in centre of 
Macedon t., 193 m. W. by N. Albany. 

Macedonia, p. o., Montgomery co., 2^. Car.: 71 m. S. W. 
Ealeigh. 

Macedonia, sta., Summit co., Ohio : on the Cleveland and 
Pittsburg K. E., 20 m. S. E. Cleveland. 

Macedonia, p. v., Carroll co., Teiii},: on a tributary of 
Obion r., in N. part of co., 95 m. W. Frankfort. 

Macedonia, p. o., Pottowolamie co., Ja. : 203 m. W. by S. 
Iowa City. 

Mace's, sta., Middlesex co., Mass. : on the Lowell and 
Lawrence H. E., 113 m. W. Lawrence. 

Machias, t., p. v., port of entr}'. and cap. Washington co., 
Me, : 123 m. E. N. E. Augusta. DraiiK-ti by tlie Machias r.. 
which passes through the t., and a number of small lakes in 
the N. E. part, which connect with tlie r. by a small creek. 
Surface varied ; soil good, with much limber land. The v. 
is situate on the Machias r., near its mouth, and contains the 
usual number of public buildings It has a flue harbor, ad- 
mitting vessels of 2.'>0 tons to within a very short distance 
of tlic plare. It is the scat of numerous mills, an<l carries 
on the lumber trade and fisheries. The v, was first settled 
in 1762. incorporated in 17S4, and was the first corjjorato 
town between Penobscot and St. Croix rivers. It is now an 
interesting and fiourishing place. Whitneyvillo is the name 
of a v. and p. o. in the N. W. of the town, fl'om which to 
Machias Port, a dislJince of 9 m., the Franklin E, E. extends. 
Pop. of 1. 1,590. 
414 



Machias, t and p. v., Cattaraugus county, N. Y. : 225 m 
W. by S. Albany. Drained by outlet of Lime Lake, which 
empties into Cattaraugus cr, and other small streams flowing 
into Nine Mile cr. Surface elevated, but even or table land ; 
soil fertile and adapted to grazing. There are in the t 
several stores and mills. The v. is situate in N. E. part of t., 
near Lime Lake, and contains several stores, mills, etc., and 
about 45 dwellings. Pop. of L 1.342. 

Machias river. Me. : rises in two main streams, which 
originate in small lakes in Washington co., and unite at 
Machias Port, in their courses affording extensive mill- 
power. The bay of the same name lies between Machiaa 
Port and Chester, and is 10 m. long, and from 4 to 5 wide at 
its mouth, and contains several coves, harbors, and islands. 

Machias Port, t. and p. v., Washington co.. Me. : at the 
mouth of Machias r., 3. m. S. of Machias, 123 m. E. N. K 
Augusta. It is a port of entry, having an excellent harbor 
for vessels of all classes. The fishing and lumber trade ia 
carried on to a great extent, and considerable navigation in 
coasting. It has several mills and considerable trade in 
lumber. Pop. 1,266. 

Maceesville, p. 0., Clark county, Miss.: 85 m. E. by S. 
Jacksonville. 

Mackinac, p. v., and cap. Michilimackinac co., Mich.: 
219 m. N. Lansing. Situated on S. side of an island of 
same name. 4 m. y. the W. extremity of Bois Blanc Island, 
in Lake Huron. Fort Mackinac, on an eminence com- 
manding the V. and surrounding coast, is a U. S. military 
post The harbor is very fine and secure, capable of accom- 
modating some 200 vessels. Furs and flah are the materials 
of the chief traffic, the former quite extensive. There is a 
courtrhouse and several dwellings here. 

Mackinaw, p. v., Tazewell county, III. : 53 m. N. by E. 
Springfield. The v. is situated on and surrounded by fine 
prairie land, near Mackinaw river. 

Mackinaw creek. III.: an exc^'llent mill-stream, falling 
into the Illinois 3 ra. below Pekin. It has rich bottoms, but 
the bluffs have a thin and poor soil. 

Macksbueg, p. o,, Giles county, Virg.: 171 m. W. i 3. 
Eichmond. 

Mack's Place, p. o., SL Clair co., i/tcA. ; 95 m, E. by N. 
Lansing. 

Macksville, p. v., Eandolph co., Ind.: on the W. Fork 
of White r., 59 m. N. E. Indianapolis. 

MACK■v^LLE, p. v.. Washington co., Ky. : in E. part of ca, 
31 ra. S. by W. Frankfort. 

Macomb county, Mich. Situate S. E., and contains 
4.'<9 sq. m. Drained principally by Clinton rivej aud its 
branches, S., Red r., and N. E. fork, N. branch and middle 
branch flowing into Lake St, Clair, Its 3. E. boundary. 
Surface E. mostly level. W. rolling and somewhat broken ; 
soil generally very ferlilo, adapted particularly to grass and 
wbeiit. The E. is heavily limbered, and sliip building is 
carried on extensively near the lake. The W. is mosuy 
openings and prairie. Most of the grains produce well, and 
fine dairies are kept It has excellent water-power and 
rnpidly increasing manufactures. Valuable salt springs arc 
fniind, and a fine clay for pottery. Farmsl,277; ni.anuf 65; 
dwell. 2,666. and pop.— wh. 15,516, fr. col. 14— total 15,530. 
( \i/utal : Mount Clemens. 

Macomb, p. v., and cap. M*Donough county. lU.: near 
Downing Fork, a branch of Crooked creek, 69 ra. N. W* 
Springflpld. It contains a court-house, a few stores, and 
about 200 inhabitants. The v. is situate on a fertile prairie. 

MAroMK. t. and p. o., Macomb county, Mich.: SI m. E. 
Lan^ing. Drained by Clinton r. and Middle and Partridge, 
two of its branches. Surface gently undulating; soil rich 
loam, well adapted to grain. The rivers aflbrd excellent 
water-power. There are several ■ grist and eaw mills in the 
town. Pop. 757. 

Macomb, p. o,, St Lawrence co., N. Y.: 143 m. N. W. 
Albany. 

Macon county, Ala. Situate S. E., and contains 933 sq. m. 



MAC 



MAD 



Draiaed by Tallapoosa river and its branches, Ufawpoe, 
Callebee, Crepia, and Oakfuskee creeks. Surface moderately 
uneven; soil of average fertility. Corn and cotton arc the 
leading products. It has good mill-seats and plenty of fine 
timber. Farms 1.203; manuf. 19; dwell. 1,S49, and pop. 
wh. 11,280, fr. coi. 22, si. 15,59&— total 26,893. Capihil : 
Tuskegee. PubHc Wt/rfi's: Montgomery and Weal Point 
R. E. ; Girard and Mobile K. R., etc. 

Macon county, Gn. Situate S.W. centrally, and contains 
373 sq. m. Intersected by Flint river, and drained by its 
branches, N. and S. Whitewater and Beaver creeks. Sur- 
face uneven ; soil very productive. Cotton is the staple, 
and the cri>p very large. Com is an excellent crop, and 
very large numbers of cattle and swine are fatted. Farms 
419; manuf. 0; dwell. 679, and pop.— wh. 4,090, fr. eol. 1, 
8l. 2,961— total T,052. Cupital: Lanier. Public Works: 
Muscogee li, R. ; South Western R. K. 

Macon county, 111. Situate near renire, and contains 
469 sq. m. Sangamon r. passes W. tbmugh the middle, 
and with its branches draius the co. Surface undulating or 
level; soil generally fertile. Much of the co. is prairie, but 
there is some good timber. Com is the chief, and wheat a 
good crop. Pork is a large export, and the pastures are 
excellent. It has not much water-power. Farms 4S7; 
manuf. 17; dwell. 693, and pop.— wh. 3,9SS, fr. col. 0,— total 
8,9SS. CapiUtl : Decatur. Public Works: Illinois Central 
E. R. ; Sangamon and Morgan R. R. ; and extenaious to 
Terre Haute and Covington, etc. 

Maoon county, Mo. Situate N. E., and contains S23 sq, m. 
Drained by Wolf cr., Chariton and E. Chariton rivers of the 
Missouri, and N. and S. forks of Sail river of the Mississippi. 
Surface moderately elevated and mostly even ; soil very 
fertile and fine, adapted to grazing. Corn is the leading 
crop. Tobacco is considerably raise<f. Mast is abundant; 
cattle and sheep are largely reared, and pork is a heavy ex- 
port. It is well furnislied with timber and water-power. 
Farms 711; manuf. S; dwell. 1,079, and pop.— wh. 6,262, 
fr. col, 0, si. 303— total 6,565. Capitol: Bloomington. 

Macon comity, J\^, Car. Situate W., and contains 
776 sq. m. Drained by Tennessee r. and its branch, Tuck- 
oseege r. Surface elevated and in parts mountainous, with 
many broad and fertile valleys. Corn is the staple; the 
other grains are not extensively grown, and the cu, is better 
adapted to grazing. It has fine mih-slreams and numerous 
email manufactories. Iron ore is found. Farms 631 ; 
manuf. IS ; dwell, 936, an.l pop.— wh. 5,613, fr. col. 106, 
Bl. 549. Indians 121— toliil 6.3S9. CapUtil: Franklin. 

Macion county, Tenn. Situate N. mi'Idle. and contains 
244 sq. m. Drained by branches of Big Barren r. on the 
N. ; on the S. by branches of Cumberland r. Surface 
somewhat hilly ; soil very fertile. Corn, wheat, and tobacco 
are the staples. Pork is fatted and exported largely. It 
lias good mill-sites. Farms 7S2: manuf. 8; dwell. 1.044, 
and pop.— wh. 6,137, fr. col. ■15, sL 76G— total 6,943. Capital : 
Lafayette, 

Macon, p. v., Marengo county, Ala. : near E. side Black 
Warrior r., S3 m. W. ^ N. Montgomery. 

Macon, city, and cap. Bibb co., Ga. : on the W. side of 
the Ocmuigee r., at the head of steamboat navigation. 29 m. 
S. W. MilU-dg.ville, at the junction of the Central (^Georgia) 
R. R. with till- Macon and Western and South Wt-stern R. R., 
■which connect it with Savannah. Autrusta, and Charlesl^in. 
A bridge 30o feet in h^ngth affords comraunicaiion with the 
opposite shore. A number of steamb<ial8 and other craft are 
employed on the river chiefly in carrying cotton, of which a 
large amount is shipp('<l from here. From a mere village 
(in 1822) Macon has risen to be quite an iraporL^nt commer- 
cial depfit. There is now a fine court-house and jail, market- 
house, and several churches, besides foreign commission 
houses, printing offices, stores, lumber yards, and grist mills. 
The "Journal and Messenger" (whig), "Georgia Tele- 
graph" (dem.), "Georgia Citizen" (dem.), and "Southern 
Tribune," weeldy, and " Reformer" (med.), monthly issues, 



are published here. It is the site of the Wesleyan Female 
College, fouudfd in 1S39, having (in 1S50) a president, 
S professors, 156 alumni, and 19S students. This institution 
is said to have been the first female college founded in the 
United States. Top. 4,9S2. 

Macon, p. v., and cap. Noxubee co., Mi>iS. : on Noxubee 
r., 107 m. N. E. Jackson. The "Planter's Advocalo" 
(ncut.), a weekly issue, is published here. 

Macon, t. and p. o., Lenawee co., Mich. : 57 m. S. by E. 
Lansing.' DraiuL-d by the Middle aud South brancliL's of 
Macon r. Surface somewhat hilly; soil black sandy loam, 
adapted to gra.ss, corn, oats, and wlieat. liidgeway is iffo 
uatue of a v. in the S. W. part of the town. In tho t. there 
are some saw-mills. Pop. of t. 1,030. 

Macon, p. o., Fayette co., Tenn. : on a branch of Wolf cr., 
16;3 m. S. W. NashvUle. 

Macon, p. o., Powhattan co., Virg. : 27 m. W. Richmond. 

Macon I>ki'6t, p. v., WaiTcn co., jV. Car. : 51 m. N. E. 
Raleigh. The Gaston and Raleigh R, R. passes it, 20 m. 
from Gaston and 67 m. (by railroad) from RaWigh. 

Macoupin county, 111. Situate S. W., and contains 8W 
sq. m. Drained by Apple, Otter, Macoupin, and Cahokia 
creeks, affluents of the Illinois and Mississippi. Surface 
undulating; soil highly productive— a large part is prairie, 
and equally adapted to grass and grain. Corn and wheat 
are the staples, and heavy crops. Live-stock, beef, pork, 
and wool are the exports. It has fine '"aler-power and 
rapitlly increasing manufactures. Farms 1.1S3; manuf. 24; 
dweU. 2,037, and pop.— wh. 12,272, fr. col. S3— total 12,355. 
Capital: Carlinville. Public Wurka : Chicago and Mis- 
sissippi R. R., etc. 

Macoupin riv<'r. III. : a considerable stream rising in the 
N. part of Montgomery county, and running S. W. into 
Qreene county to the lU'mois, which it enters 26 m. above 
its mouth. Its branches are Pliiirs, Dry Fork, Bear, and 
Hodge's creeks and Lake Fork. The country along its 
banks is generally fertile, suitably apporlioncd into timber 
and prairie. 

Macungte, L and p. o., Lehigh co., Pt>in.: 69 m.E.N.E. 
Ilarrisburg. Drain^-d by tributaries of Lehigh r. Surface 
in most part level; soil fertile, and well cultivated. It is 
rich in minerals jis in agricultural resources. 

Maobuet, sta., Stratford co., Ji. Uamp.: on the line of 
Boston and line R. R. 7 m. S. Dover. 

Madhknville, p. o., Iluulingdon co., Penn.: 59 m. W. 
Harrisburg. 

Madoos. p. o., Hanover co., Virff. : 23 m. N. Richmond. 

Madison county, Ala. Situate on N. line, and contains 
763 sq. m. Bounded S. by Tennessee r. and drained by its 
branches. Surface somewhat hilly; soil highly productive. 
Cottiin is the stajde, and in quantity produced this is about 
the first county in the State. Curii and wheat are also very 
large crops. It has much fine pasture, and exports a large 
amount of pork. The facilities for manufacturing are very 
fine and exten.sively improved. Farms l,0^0; manuf. 92 ; 
dwell. 2,046, and pop.— wh. 11.937, fr. col. 164, si. 14.32&— 
total 26,427. Caj>ital: Huntsville. Pi/h/ir Works: Mem- 
phis and Charhsion R. R. ; Hnnlsville Canal, etc. 

Madison county. Ark. SilualL- N. W., and contains 963 
sq. m. Drained by White r. and its branches, Kings r, and 
War Eagle and Richl:>nd creeks. Surface elevated, in the 
S. mountainous ; soil pn-ductive. and well adapted to grass. 
Corn is the leading cereal. Oilier grains and tobacco do 
well. Hogs are fatted largely. It has abundant timber 
and water-itower, and is rich in gah-na or lead ore. Farms 
G60 ; manuf. 12 ; dwell. Sl;^ anrl poii.— wh. 4,659, fr. col. 0, 
si. 1G4— total 5.b23. Capital: Iluiitsville. 

Madison county, Flvr. Situate N. middle, and contains 
2,946 sq. ra. Bounded E. by the Suw.ance and W. by Au- 
cilla (or Ocilla) r., and hafl a few creeks flowing into the 
Gulf. Surface even or rolling; soil very fertile S. E., mid- 
dle poor, and N. and W. excellent. Cotton and corn arc 
leading crops. It has some line sugar lands, and swamps 

415 



MAD 



MAD 



well fitted for rice growing. Timber is abundant, pine, 
cypress, and cwlar. The Gulf is its S. W. boumliiry, and 
markfts arc convenient. Farms 2G2 ; manuf. 4 : dwell. 49S. 
and pop.— wh. 2,802, fr. col. 0, si. 2,6SS— total 5,490. Cap- 
itul : Madison. 

Madisox county, Ga. Situate N. E., and contains 272 
6q. m. Brained by Hudson's and Poulli forks, and Beaver 
Dam cr, of Broad r., a branch of the Savannah. Surface 
elevated and snniewhat hilly; soil of average ft-rtillt^-. Cot- 
ton is grown largely for the region, and corn is the staple 
gi^in. Other crops are not large. Grazing is the chief use 
of much of the county. Mill-slreams are plenty, and valu- 
able ni!n(_Tal springs are f)und. Farms 404; manuf. 3; 
dwell. G92, and pop.— wh. 3,76T, fir. col. 8, si. 1,933— total 
5,703. Capital : Danielsville. 

Mai>i.son county, JU. Situate S. W. on the Mississippi, 
and contains 728 sq. m. Drained by Wood r. and Caliokia 
or. of the Mississippi, and Silver cr. and its E. fork of the 
Kaskaskia. Surface on the Mississippi low, and in places 
marshy, but of exceeding fertility; this is separated by 
bluffs from the back country, which is an elevated table- 
land, gently undulating ; soil very rich. The W. parts have 
excellent timber in abundance; the E. is mostly prairie, 
with wood on the streams. The principal crop is com. 
"Wheat, oats, and potatoes produce good crops, and the pas- 
tiirtts are very fine. Cattle, sheep, and particularly swine, 
are reared largely. Com, beef, pork, horses, and lumber 
are heavy exports. Coal, limestone, and freestone are 
abundant, the last a fine building and monumental material, 
and excellent water cement is made. II lies opposite the 
mouth of the Missouri, and has very superior advantages 
for commerce and manufactures, the last are very large 
and important. Farms 1,367; manuf. 182; dwell. 8,49iJ. 
and pnp.— wh. 19,990, fr. col. 446— total 20,436. Capitnlr 
Edwardsville. PuhlicWorks : Ohio and Mississippi E. E. ; 
Mississippi and Atlantic R. E. ; Terre Haute and Alton 
E. K. ; Chicago and Mississippi E. E., etc. 

Madison county, Ind. Situate eeulrally, and contains 
870 sq. m. Drained by W. fork of White r., and Pipe, Kill- 
buck. Fall, and Lick creeks. Surface level or nndulating, 
with some wet prairies and a few hills ; soils various, gen- 
erally clayey loam, mixed with sand, and very productive. 
Wheat and com are raised largely, and much stock fatled. 
It has excellent mill-sites and extensive manufactures, and 
was originally well timbered. Limestone and marble 
abound. Farms 1,494; manuf. 67; dwell. 2,159, and pop.— 
wh. 12.358, fr. coL 17— total 12,375. Capital : Anderson. 
Puhlic Works: Indianapolis and Bellefontaine E. E. ; Eich- 
mond and Newcastle E. E. ; Logansport E. E., etx-. 

Madison county, la. Situate 9. W., and contains 576 
eq. m. Drained by North and Middle rivers, and Prairie 
branch, affluents of the Des Moines. Surface rolling, and 
eoil fertile, adapted to grazing. It has abundant timlx-r and 
water-power, with a sparse population as yet. Farms 53 ; 
manuf. ; dwell. 180, and pop.— wh. 1,179, fr. col. O—total 
1,179. Capital: WinterseU 

Madison county, K>/. Situate E. centrally, and contains 
4SS sq. - m. Bounded N. and N. E. by the Kentucky 
drained by its branches, Faint Lick, Silver, Muddy, anii 
Drowing creeks, and S. by affluents of the Cumberland. 
Surface considerably broken ; soil very productive. Com is 
the staple; rye, wheat, and tobacco yield well Sheep are 
reared in large numbers, and pork is a ver}' heavy export. 
Fine horses for the Eastern markets are raised, here. Its 
mill^cats are numerous and extensively occupied. Farms 
1,1S5 ; manuf. 39 ; dwell. 1,847, and pop.— wh. 10,270, fr. col. 
64, si. 5,393— total 15,727. Capital: Eichmond. PuUie 
Worls: Knoxville and Covington R. E., etc. 

Madison parish, Za. Situate N. E., and contains 656 
eq. m. Bounded E. by the Mississippi and W. by Bayou 
Macon, and draini^l by Tensas r.. and Walnut, Eoundaway, 
and Vidal l>ayoux. Surface level, in parts low and marshy; 
soil, where tillable, exceedingly rich. Cotton la the almost 
416 



exclusive product The plantations on the Mississippi are 
very hiTco and profllable, and the cotton crop is enormous. 
It is wei* imbered and has some water-power. Farms 21S; 
manuf. 24 ; dwell. 448, and pop.— wh. 1,416, fr. col. 4, sL 
7,853— total 8,773. Capital: Eichmond. 

Madison county, 3Ii.ss. Situate W. centrally, and contains 
656 sq. m. Bounded W. by Big Black r, S. F. by Peari r., 
and drained by their affluents. Surface moderately uneven ; 
soil exceedingly rich. Cotton is the great staple, and this 
county is one of the best in the Sta,te for cotton growing. 
It has also good pasturage, and rears large numbers of cit- 
tlo and swine. Water-power is plenty, and markets very 
convenient. Farms 552 ; manuf. 10 ; dwell. 767, and pop. — 
wh. 4,328, fr. col. 3, si. 13,843— total 18,173. Capit^tl : Can- 
ton. PuUie Works: New Orleans, Jackson, and Norlhera 
E. E. ; Mississippi Centra! E, E. 

Madison county. Mo. Situate S. E., and contains 653 
sq. m. Drained by St Francois r. and Big, Castor, and 
Twelve Mile creeks. Surface considerably broken and 
hilly; soil of average fertility. Cora is the leading crop. 
Wheat, oats, and potatoes are grown in small quantities. 
Pork is the chief farming export It has much good water- 
power, and is exceedingly rich in lead, copper, and iron 
ores. In the N. is Pilot Knob, an iron mountain 300 feet 
high, where ore containing SO per cent of pure metal is 
found in huge masses of several tons weight Farms 515; 
manuf. 19; dwell. 878, and pop.— wh. 5,27S, fr. col. 29, sL 
696— total 6,003. Capital: Fredericktowu. 

Madison county, N. Y. Situate centrally, and contains 
582 sq. m. Drained S. by Chenango r. and N. by Chillen- 
ango, Cowasalon. and Canaseraga rivers flowing into Oneida 
Lake, its N. W. boundary. Surface generally hilly, with a 
great swamp on the border of Oneida Lake, and the water- 
shed of the Ontario and Susquehanna streams in the mid- 
dle ; soil fertile, very rich in the valleys— N. better for grain, 
and S. for grazing. It is well wooded with hemlock, 
maple, and beech. The dairies are large and sui)erior, and 
sheep raising the leading business of a large part. Wool, 
hops, batter, cheese, maple sugar, and potash are large ex- 
ports. Iron ore much used for castings, water lime, and 
gj-psum are abundant. Sulphur and ^It springs, and marl 
are extensively found. Water-power is abundant, and 
manufactures A'crj' largely carried on. Flour, leather, lum- 
ber, woolens, iron, and potash are the leading articles made. 
Farms 3,845 ; manuf. 404 ; dwelt 8,198, and pop.— wh. 43,783, 
fr. col. 289— total 43,073. CaplUil : MorrJsville. Ptihlic. Wo?'k8.' 
Erie Canal ; Chenango Canal ; Syracuse and Tj tica E. R. 

Madlson county, Ohio. Situate W. centrally, and con- 
tains 420 sq. m. Drained by Little and Big Darby and Deer 
creeks of Scioto r. Surface undulating or sUghUy broken; 
soil fertile, adapted to grass or grain. Corn and wheat arD 
the staple crops. Grazing is the great business. Live-stock, 
beef, wool, butter, cheese, and pork are exported largely. 
It has very good mill-seats and flourishing manufactures. 
Farms 474; manuf 4S; dwell. 1,742. and pop.— wh. 9,940, 
fr. col. 69— total 10,015. Capital: London. Public Works: 
Columbus and Xenia E. E. ; Springfield and L<:)ndon E. E. ; 
Columbus, Pequa, and Indiana E. E., etc 

JlAjjisoN county, Tenn. Situate W.. and contarna 908 
sq. m. Drained by branrht'S of Big Iljitchie and Forked 
Deer rivers, allhients of the Mississippi. Surface some- 
what broken ; soil very productive. Ootton and com are 
the staples. Wheat and tobacco are successful crops. It 
has some water-powtr, which is well improved in making 
woolen and cotton goods, flour^ leather, and iron. Farms 
1.4(18 ; manuf 49 ; dwell. 2,282, and pi.p.— wh. 12.861, fr. eoL 
57. si., 8,552— total 21,470. Capital : Jackson. Public 
Works : Mississippi Central E. E, 

Madison county, TVoi. A new county set off in Feb., 
1753, from portions of Walker, Grimes, and Leon counties. 
It extends from the Trinity to the Navasoto, and is drained 
by Bedais cr. and other affluents of these rivers. 

MAiiiauN couuly, 17/v. Situate N. E. centrally, and coD- 



MAD • 

tains "261 sq. m. nr.iine-l by Uobprlsmi, Wnlf. aii.l Cnnwny 
rivers, braiu-lies of tlit- i;jip[i;iljfiiini.<,-k. Siirtare ck-VHlcd, 
uneven. an<i in parls mount ai nuns, the Blue l;i'lge fonninjj; 
its W. boundary; soil srcnerally ^oorl, with rich and beauti- 
ful valleys. Ccrn and wlieat are tlu; staple cereals, live 
and tobacco are suci-essfnlly eiillivalrd. It has fine pasture 
and grass land. Manufactures of flour. lumlier, and woolen 
goods' are lariie anil flourishing:. Farms 513; nianuf. -SS ; 
dwell. S27, and pop.— wh. 4,45$, fr. col. 149, si. 4,724— total 
9,331. Capital: Madison. 

Madison, t. and p. v.. New Haven co., Conn. : 31 m. S. 
Harifurd. Bounded on the S. by Long Island Sound, and 
embraces Ilamnionasset roiut. Drained by East aud Neck 
rivers. Hamraonasset r. forrninj; its E. boundary. Soil stony 
and ban! to cultivate, but is made quite productive by 
plowing iu whits ,^V/., wliicli are taken in the Sound in 
large quantities. This place has a small but secure harbor, 
and some navigalion. There is a large quantity of lumber 
here, and ship-building is ^carried ou to some extent. The 
V. is situate near the coast, on the line of the New Haven 
and New London 11. II., 20 m. distjmt from New Haven 
and 30 m. from New London. It contains some fine buildings. 
There are in the I. several mill.'* and some manufactories. 
Pop. of t. 2,(IG3. 
^ Madison, p. v., and cap. Madison co., Flor. : 59 m, E. 

' Tallaliassee. Situate in the N. part of co., and contains a 

court-houscj etc. 
, Madison, p. v., and cap. Morgan co., Ga. : 33 m. N. N.W. 

Milledgeville. Situate on a branch of the Oconee r. and on 
/ the Hne of Georgia R. K., 104 m. ^Y. Augusta. It has a 

court-house, jail, 3 academies, a number of stores, and about 
80 dwellings. 

Madison, p. c, city, and cap. JeflTcrson co., Ind. : on the 
N. side of the Ohio r., at the S. terminus of the Madison and 
Indianapolis E. E,, SO m. S. by K. Indianapolis. It is (he 
seat of tlie county court-house. The v. is finely laid out and 
m.-ally built, and there is much traffic, both wholesale and 
retail. There are a number of manufactories of various de- 
scriptions in active operation. The elevated ground in the 
rear of the v. affords a deli^Iilful prospect. The '"Madison 
Courier'' (whig), and '' Eepublican Banner" (dem,), are 
issued here. Pop. S,508. 

Madison, p. c, Living.ston co., Midi.: 37 m. "W. by S. 
LSnsing._ 

Madison, p. v., Monroe co., ^fo. : on N. side of Elk fork 
of Salt r., 63 m. N. Jefferson City. 

Madison, p. v., Morris Co., K Jer. : 37 m. N. N. E. 
Trenton. The Morris and Essex U. P. passes through the 
village 2S m. W. New York and IG ni. S. E. Dover. 

Madison, t. and p. v., Madison co..^. )'. .- 93 ra-W. by*N. 
Albany. Surface high and rolling; soil rich and fertile. 
Drained by Chenango r. S., an<I Oriskany cr. N.. which 
cmptie^s into the Mohawk r. The Chenango Canal passes 
through the town. The village, incorporated in ISl'j. is 
situate on the Cherry Valley Turnpike, and contains several 
considerable factories and numerous stores, and about 600 
Inhabitants. Pop, of t. 2,405. 

Madison, p. o., Eockingham co., K. Car. : SI m. N. W. 
Ealeigh. 

Madison, t. and p. v., Lake co., OMo ■ 157 m. N. E. Co- 
lumbus. Drained by Grand r., which passes through it 
centrally. Surface rolling; soil fertile. The Cleveland and 
I Erie R. R. passes through the N. part of town 40 m. from 

' Cleveland. Unionviye and Centrevillc are villages on the 

post road ; on the E. E. i^ Madison Station. Population 
of t. 2,9S7. , 

iLvDiPoN, p. v., "Wc^tiuoriland co., Penn. : 14;5 m. "W". 
Harrisburg, 

Madison CootT-noTTSE, p. v., and cap. Madison county, 

Yirg. : in centre of county, T3 m. N.W. Richmond. There 

are several stores ant! mills here, and a population^ of 

about 350. 

Madison, p. v., and cap. Dane co^TTm^., and cap. of the 

* . 27 



MAD 



h 



Stale of WJHCOTisin : on what are called tlie Fi>nr /.-r/rr-t. al- 
most <lireclly S. of the jiortage betwern Wisctm^iu and Fox 
rivers, 71 m. W. Milwaukie. Madison ocein)ie9 tlie isthmus 
between the Third. aud Fourth lakes. It is in the centre 
<if the county, near the centre of the ba.sin of the Catfish, 
The land on which it is located rises abrnplly fr'tin the shore 
of Ihe Third Lake about 50 feet, and from tliincc asi-cnds 
gradually until the centre of the Capitol Park is reached, 
about 70 feet above the lakes. F>om thence it descends 
gradually until near the Fourth Lake, when it rises with 
consi(KTal)le abruptness about 75 feet, and tlu-n falls off 
boldly to the sliore of the Fourth Lake — distance, across 
being about three-fourths of a mile. Following thecardinid 
points, the ground descemls every way from the Capitol, 
all the streets from tlie corners of the square li-rminating in 
tlie lakes, save the western, which slopes gradually about 
half n mile, and then rises until, at a distance of exactly one 
mile from the capitol, it attains an elevation of at least 125 
feet. This is College I/ill, the magnificent site of the Wis- 
consin University, founded in 1S4S. It is rapidly increasing 
in its population, buildings, and other improvements. A 
telegraph line connects with the lakes and the Mississippi 
There is excellent water-power, which is used in running 
some of tile most extensive mills in the State. It contains 
several stores and workshops. There are three papers 
issued here, the "Wisconsin Express" (wliig), •' Wisconsin 
Argus" (dem.), "Wisconsin Democrat" (dem.) . Pop. (in 
ISSd) 1,ST1. The Milwaukie aud Mississi])pi li. It. will 
probably intersect Madison. 

Madisonborougu, p. V,, Alachua county, Flor. : 121 in. 
E. S. E. Tallahassee. 

Madison Centre, p. v., Somerset co., Mf\ : 29 m. N. 
Augusta, and near a beautiful poud, the outlet of which is 
at SUouhyau. 

MADiso>f Cross Roads, p. v., Madison co., Ala. : 169 iil 
N. by W. Montgomery. 

Madison Mills, p. o., Madison co., Tirg. : 75 in. N. W. 
Richniond. 

^^\DIsoN Springs, p. t., Madison county, Ga. : S3 m. N. 
Milledgeville. in N. part of the co., near Bmad r. There is a 
chalybeate spring liL-ro which is beneficial in many cora- 
plaiiit.s, and there is a fine hotel for tlie accommodation of 
visitors to the springs. 

Madisonvillr, p. v., and cap. Hopkins go., Ki/.: situate 
on the E. side of Green r. (on an elevation), 169 ni.W. S,AV. 
Franklbrt. It contains a court-house and about 60 inhab- 
itants. 

Madisonville. p. v. and seaport, St. Tammany par.. La. . 
on the N. bank of Lake Poutchartrain. and W. nf Hoguo 
Fallia, which empties itself at this point, 59 m. E. Baton 
Rouge, and 29 m. N. New Orleans. It is an imp')rtant 
place, aTid will be made the W. terminus of tlii> line of rail- 
road from Alabama toward New Orleans, to which city the 
connection will be by steamboat. 

Madisonville, p. o.; Madison co., J/^f'.w. .* 21 in. N. by E, 
Jackson. 

Madisonttllk, p. v., Ralls co., J/c*. ; on Sji- iiccr's cr., Tl 
m. N. E. Jefferson City. 

Madisonvillr, p. v., Hamilton co., Ohio: 91 m. S. W. 
Columbus. 4 m. N. of the Ohio river. It contains about 650 
inhabitants. * 

Madisonvillr, p. v., and cap. Monroe co., Ttiin. : 137 ra. 
S. E. Nashville. 

Mad river, 0/iio: a large branch of the Great Miami 
from the E., rising in Logan co., and after a course of 50 m. 
terminates at Dayton. It has a rapid and broken current. 
an<l supjilics an immense water-power. 

Madrid, t. and p. o., Franklin co,, 3f/'.: 49 m. N. W. 
Augusta. Drained by branches of Sandy river. Surface 
varied; in some parts niountainou3,«containing a part of 
Saddleback Mnnnt;iin. Soil is excellent, well adapted to 
wlieat, of which it yields a large quantity. Pop. of t. 404, 
Madrid, t and p. v., St. Lawrence co.. J^ K .- 161 m 

. '4ir 



MAD . 

N. "W. Albany. Drained by Grass riMer and several small 
creeks flowing into the St. Lawrence r., whicirbounds it 9n 
the N. W. ■ The "Isle au Kapid Piatt" b^ougs to the t. 
sSrfaee undulaling; soil of pood qn;i|ily, rich and pro- 
ductive. The t. contaias several nianufaclorie^ mills, etc., 
IB active opLTatioii, TSie v.^s situate on the line of^e 
Northern Ogdcnsburg R. K., in S. i^rt of town. The "True 
Democrat" (dera.) is issued here. Pop. of,t 4r,S58. 
Magnolia, p. o., La Eue county, Ky. : 59 m. S. W. 
Frankfort. ' - , 

Magnolia, p, v., Putnam coimly, lU. : 91 m. N. by E. 
Spriugfield. Situate 'T)n the S. boundary of the cquoty, sur- 
rounded by prflrie land. 

Magnolia, t. and p. v.. tftck county, Wise. : 29 m. S. 
Madison. Drained in the N. by a branch of Sugar r., and 
in the S. by Bass cr. Surface level; soil fertile. The v. is 
on the Jan?8ville post-road, Tbere are some mills -and 
workshops in the t. Pop. 673. 

Magnolia, p. o. and sta., Harford county, Mr?. : on the 
Philadelphia, Wilmington, and Baltimore R. R., IS m.^. E. 
Baltimore, and 43 m. N. N. E. Annapolis. 

MA(iNoLiA, p. v., Chautauque co., iV". Y. : on W. side of 
Chaaluuque Lake, 303 m. W. by S. Albany. 

Macnolia, p. v., Crawford coiin\y, Ifid. : 103 ni. S. ^ W. 
Indianapolis, 4 m. N. Oiiio river. 

MAGNOLIA, p. v., Stark co., Ohio: on the Tuscarawas r., 
99 m. N. E. Columbus. The Beaver Canal passes through 
the village. 

Magnolia Springs, p. o., Jasper county, 7^, : 227 m. 
E. by N. Austin City. 

Mahala, p. o,, AdamB cox&iyy Ohio: 79 m. S. by "W. 
Columbus. 

Mahanoy, p. v., Northumberland co., Penn, : on a trib- 
utary of tUe Susquehanna r., 33 m. N. Harrisburg. 

Mahaska county, 2a. Situate S.E. centrally, and contains 
576 sq. m. Drained bj^DeJt Moines r. and N. and S. forks 
of Skunk r. Sorlace undulating ; soils very fertile, rqually 
adapted to grass and grain. Com and wheat, cattle and 
pork, are the leading products. It has abundant water- 
power and timber, with some rich prairie. Farms 4S0 ; 
manuf. IS ; rlwell. 9S1, and pop.— wh. 5,9SS, fr. cdI. 1— total 
5,989. Cupital: Oskaloosa. 



MAI 

MaiiAuet, p. v., Champaign co., 111. : on the W, side of f 
tlie North Fort of Sangamon r, GJ m.W. N.W. SprinafleM. 

Mauoning county, Ohio. Siiuale N. K., and contains 
506^sq. m. Drained by Mahoning r. and its branches. Sur- 
face rolling and somewhat broken ; soils highly productive 
and admirably adapted to grazing. Cgrn, wlieat,»aQd oata 
are the staple grains. Cattle and swin^ are failed lately ; 
the dairies arc*uperior, and live-stock, beef, pork, an^ wool 
are liea^y exports. E.\oellent water-power is abundant^ and 
manufactures of woolens, leather, lumber, fiour. etc., ex- 
tensiife; marl, common and water limestone, and iron oro 
are foifnd.* Farms 2,052; mnnuf.'loS; dwell. 4^9S, and 
pop.— wh. 23,046, fr. col. 89— toud 23,735. Capital: Can- 
field. Public Works : Pennsylvania and Ohio Canal ; 
Cleveland and Mahoning R. R. ; Ohio and Pennsylvania 
E. E., etc. 

, Mahoning, p. o.. Stark county, Ohio : 95 m. N. E, 
..Colombus. 

Mahoning, t. and p. o., Indiana county, Penn.: 125 m. 
W. N. W. Harrisburg. Drained by Mahoning er. Sift-face' 
uneven ; soil loam, mixed with clay. Iron ore is found in 
the t. It has several distilleries an<i grist and saw mills. 

Mahoning, river, Ohio and Penn.: a large tributary of 
Beaver r., which it joins in Pennsylvania. The Pennsylva- 
nia and Ohio Canal follows the valiey of the stream, and 
will also the Cleveland and Mahoning R. R. 

Mahopac, p. o., Oakland co., Mich.: 55 m. E. Lansing. 

Mauopac,p. o., Putnam co., J^^, Y. : near a lake of same 
name, S7 m. S. Albany. . , 

Maiden Creek, t. and p. o., Berks co., Penn. : 101 m. E. 
Harrisburg. Drained by Schuylkill river and Maiden cr. 
Surface finely diversified ; soU fertile. It contains several 
grist and saw mills. 

Maiden Spring, p. v., Tazewell co., Yirg.: on N. side 
of a fork of Clinch r., 235 m. W. S. W. Richmond. 

Maidstone, t, and p. v., Essex co.. Verm. : 63 m. N. E. 
Monfpelier. Drained by branches of Connecticut river and 
Maidstone Lake, which has its outlet into Paul's stream. 
Surface undulating; soil fertile, and productive of grain. 
There are in the town several grist-mills, jjlores. and work- 
shops. The village is one mile W. Connecticut r. Popu- 
lation of t. 23T. 



THE STATE OF MAINE. 

Mainr, occupying a little less than one half the surface of New England, is of;a long, irregular shape, extending between 
latitudes 4;?° and 47° 30' N., an*! between longitudes 66° 52', and 71° 06' W. from Greenwich, or 5^ 56' and lOO 10' E. from 
Washin'„'ton. The boundaries of Maine* as establislicd by the treaty of Washington, 1S42, are tlie result of a controversy 
with Great Britain of a quarter of a century's standing, and one which came near'^involving the two countries in a war. 
By the treaty, tlie St. Croi.v, and a line running due north from a monument at its source to St. John's River form the 
boundiir)' on the east. On the north the line foll(»ws the St John's and St. Francis rivers to Lake Polienagamook. On 
the nwtb-west it follows the highlainJs from that lake in aaouLh-west direction to tho north-east corner of^New Hampshire, 
which State forms the greatest Icngtii of its west boundary. The Atlantic lies on the south. "Within theqp limits the esti- 
mated are^i contains 30,000 square miles. 

There are said to be as many islands on fte coasts, and in the bays of Maine, as there are days in the year. Most of 
these are small, but many arti of considerable size, fertile, and inhabited. The bays and inlets are proporti'Tnally numer- 
ous, and afford a series of exccHent harbors. The length of the coast in a straiarht line from Kilter>' Point to Quoddy 
Head is aI)oift 225 miles, but following its winding.'^, nearly 1,000 miles. The Isles of Shoals arc seven in niimber.+ and 
life about-eigljt miles south-easterly from the mouth of the Piscataqua River. Foyrof them belong to Maine, and the three 
otheralto New Hampshire. These islands are little more than masses of rock, but at one time had 500 oft600 inhabitants, 



g are Uie astronomiral [lositions of sevc'al ji 
I, at. N 



iliortRrtj points on tbe iir 
Long, ' 



of tlie new boundary survey, 



Fisli Riier. mouth of. 47 16 13 .. 

Tort Fiurtici.l, (upper blockhouse) • 46 46 07 ., 

Fci»l Fitirric'J.fldw^rbloi-k house) — 

Fort K^nt (bli.ck house) -IT \^ G^ .. 

Hancock Uiirncki* {flag stnff) -Ih 07 :W .. 

Heatl ol I,. Ula.k Rapids (St. John River) 47 Ot HO . 

Head of t;.mne,ticut Itiver*. -15 H fiS . 

Houltiin (iu.tel) .; 4t> ('7 28 . 



.. G3 35 2G 



I.at. N. 
> ». M. B. 

... 46 le 63-.. 
...47 27WJ3 .. 
... 47 31 39 ., 



Pine Island of Seven TRland^ (St. John Hjyer), 
Pohenagainook Lake ((pmuniPnt at <mtlet). . 

PoIiPnagnmonk Lake (head of )....; 

Saddleback Monu'ah) 4.'> -20 5B .. 

St. CroiA River (monument at source) 4:^ fifl 37 .. 

St. Franiif* U. (Hammond's Barn oear m'th of) 47 10 S7 
Tpscliereau'e Housa 45 4S 37 



LoTig. W. 
p. M. a. 
.. 6'i 35 K> 
.. 69 13 19 
.. 69*17 31 
71 01 13 
.. 67 47 00 
,. 63 S3 69 
.. 70 24 10 



... 67 49 42 

... OS 35 2*. 

,.. 67 49 00 

... 61 Ort 34 

... 71 13 67 

... 67 49 ^ 

fTlie" Inle-uf Shoals" are serrnin numfcer, viz., Hog. Smutty Nose, Star, Duck, Whitf. MaTftgn.and Londonner Islands. Tlie three fir.it consti- 
tote Ihp tdwii .if Go'Bpori, A', //rtm;)., and the four latter tlip town of Isles of Shun Is, Mr. TliPj^«*re jRiginnlly called Smith's Islands, having been 
discovered by th« celebrated John Smith in 1614. The present population is 132— m N. Harap. 101, and in Maine 29. 
418 • V • ■ 



MAINE. 



«t!ra(.-tfd ihiiher hy ihe supLTior ailvanlaijfs lli'-y affnnled tv.r the jtiirsiiit of the flshc-ries. and they bt'came celebrated fi>r 
ihair dried fisli, tnown by the name of Isles of Shoal rlun-flsh, whieh were jirepared by drying them alowly and earetnlly 
en the rocks. Their population in 1350 was 132. Ca,sco liay, a spacious baaia between Cape ElizabelU and Cape Small 
I'uiut, contains a great number o&^fine islands, uraon» whieh Great Gebrag and Sebaacodegqu Islands are the largest. 
The shores of the bay afford several excelleiit harbors. Setruiii Island, furtlier east, is a noted. landmark at the mouth 
of the fiver Kennebec. Pariver's Island, on whioTi is Georgetitwn, the island of Cape Newa;^en, and Jeremisquam, arc 
larjie bodies of land betwceen the Kennebec ami Damariseotta rivers, south of which are the Damariscovc i.-jhmds, a 
group rtf small but inhabited islets. Farther IVom the shore are Mouhcgan, St. George's, Matiuie, and Matiiiieiis islands. 
Monbegan was formerly famous for its fisheries. The Fux Ishmd, Long Island, and Beer Island, are the princi-jial islands 
in Penobscot Bay, which extends fi;om While Head, on the west, to 116 au Haut on the east, ami rurts uj) about .Ti miles 
inland. But the largest island on the coast is Mount Desert, containing about 60,000 acres. Several of its heij^hts are 
cou-picuoiis objects far off at sea, and some of them attain an elcvatioQ of from 1,500 to 1,S00 feet. Farther. east is Petit 
Mfnaii. often eorrupled to Titmenan, and at tUc entrance of Pasrianiaquoildy Day is Grand Menan. belonging to New 
Brunswick-, to which province, also, Campobello and i»eer Island, in that bay, are politically attached. Moose Islands 
belong Ut Maine. 
* The surface of the interior country beyond the coast region, which is somewhat flat and sandy, l^^ in general, pleasantly 
varied with hills and valleys. There is no connected ridge of mmintains in the State, but the north-western part contains 
numerous <k'taeh._-<I elevations, whieh may be mnsidered as "outliers" of the White M<juntains, and from this section all 
the principal rivcre descend in different directions. The Babi Mountain, to the west of Moosehead Lake, Katalidin 
Mount;ijii, between the east and west branches of Penobscot Paver, Saddleback, Mt. Abraham, and MU Bigelow, bo- 
tAveen the Androscoggin and the Kennebec, and the Sugar Loaf Mountains at the head of the west brani:4i of the 
"Wallooslook are thought to be the loftiest points. Tlie highest point of land in the Slate is Mt. Katahdiu, which rises 
5,o85 feet above the sea level. 

It is estimated that one tenth part of the State is covered with water; and every portion is abundantly supplied with 
streams and rivulets which, for the mostpart, flow from or through lakes, and are copiously supplied from these reser- 
voirs throughout the year. The rivers of Maine arc characterized by numerous falls, which, while they impede the 
navigation of large craft, do not interrupt the desci-nt of logs and rafts, and furnish excellent mill-seats. Along the coaeta 
the tide-waters often penetrate far inland, filling natunil channels, which take the name of rivers, but which are, in 
truth, arms of the sea. The whole of the northern part is drained by the constituents of St. John Iliver— the St. 
Francis, and Madawaska from the noriii. and the Walloastook, Allagash, and Aroostook from the south. The great 
f iv.er of the southern section is the Penobscot, wliich collects its tribute of waters from the whole breadth-^of the SUite. Its 
western branch rises near the heads of the Chaudiere, and flows east, receiving in its course several streams from the 
vicinity of the sources of the Allagash and Walloostook, and passing through Chesuncoob and Pemadumcook lakes 
below which it has a fall of 50 feet Il'receivcs the eastern or Seboois branch formed by confluents coming from the 
same tract which sends off the Aroost-^ok to Uie north. Tlie Mattawamkeag and the Piscataquis, its principal tril.mta- 
rics. then come In from opposite sides, and at Orouo the river falls about DO or 60 feet to the tide level. The tides at 
Bangor. 60 miles from the sea, and 30 fVom Belfast Bay, rise 15 f<:et, and the river is navigable, for the largest vessels 
to that place, but navigation is closed four or five months in the year by ice. The toUil length of its course is about 
'S50 miles. The Kennebec preserves a romarkaldc parallelism with the Penobscot, but drains a less extent of country. 
Its head stream, the Moose, rising in 'the highlands, from which issue the south-eastern branches of the Chaudiere, 
flows cast into Jloosehead Lake, the outlet of whii-h takes the name of Kennebec,, and runs south to the sihi. It is 
broken at Embden by the Carratuck Falls; at the mouth of Sandy Kivcr by the Norridgewock Falls; below Norridgo- 
wock by Skowhegan Falls, and at Waterville by Teconnet Falls. The tide flows up to Augusta, 50 miles from the 
sea, and small vessels and steamboats go up to that place, and its whole length is about '2lXf miles. Below Merry 
Meeting Bay, where it unites with the Androscoggin, it often has the name of Sagatlahock. The Androscoggin runs in 
a winding course, much broken by falls from the north-west corner of tlie State, south through Mooselograagunke and 
Umltaso lakes, into New Hampshire, then turning east repasses into M;iiue, and pursues a south -easterly direction to 
Merry Meeting Bay. At Brunswick, a few miles from its mouth, are Pejepscot Falls, with a total descent of 50 feet, and 
higlu-r up are Lewiston Falls, and Pennacook Falls in Eumford. The Magalloway, which flows into Lake Umbngog, is 
its principal tributarj'. The Dead Eiver and Sebasticook are useful mill streams flowing info the Kennebec. The Saco, 
Union, and Machi;is, are small streams. The St. Croix, or Schoodic, whieh forms a part of the boumlary toward New 
Brunswick, is formed by the confluence of two Inrge branches, each issuing from a cluster of lakelets : the northern 
liraneh, called also the Cheputnatecook. is a rapid and broken stream, and there are several (alls below the jimction of the 
wc^t branch. At Calais, 12 miles from its mouth, the fide rises 15 feet. 

The lakes of Maine are bo numerous, and some of them so extensive, as to form one of the characteristic features of 
the country. Some of them are remarkable for the picturesque beauties of their scenery, and many of them will be use- 
ful channels of communication when their ncighborhoodii become more thickly peopled. In the norlh the Tcmiscouata 
discharges its waters into the Madawaska, and the Baamehenungamook and Pongokwahem are the reservoirs from 
which the Allagash is fed. In the centre arc Mooseheail Lake, Ilie largest in the Stale, being about fifty mill's in length, 
but very irregular — from five to fifteen miles in width, Chcsuncook, twenty miles long, and Pemadiuneook. The Moose- 
t^>gmaguntic and Uml>agog are on the western border, and the Schoodic, and the Upper Slioodic lakes on the eastern 
bolder. Ttiose are the largest and most conspicuous on the map, but tliere are hundreds of others, in every dhreclion, 
givi[ig rise to, and roceiving streams of various maL'niludis. 

Maini' is a country chiefly of primary rocks, with a large division of those that refer U) the transiti-m period, anil toward New 
Brunswick it has an imjiortant region of the lower second:iry formation. Ev.-rywhere*t has alluvial and diluvial deposits* 
and vast igneous formations, not opiy iu the interior, but forming a barrier against the ocean surge along a considerable part 
of an immense sea-coast. Its mineral deposits are various, and exteiisivtly distributed throughout its limits. Iron ore of 
exox'llrnt quality is found in gre.at abundance, and in the soulh-east'-rn district, bi-tween the Kennebec and the St Croix, 
ther** are indicntions of the existence of bituminous coal. Marble, granite, and linu-stone. however, constimle the principal 
mineral products, and all are extensively quarried. Lime is abun<lant. particuhirly at Thomaston and Camden, where 
it is l)urnt in great quantities for exportation. Maine, ind>-ed. supplies ino^t of the Slates with this article. Granite is 
ohi'fiy found near Ilallowrll, and is peculiarly well ndaptid for mat'-rial Ih public buildings. It is abundant also in 
many ottier parts. Mica, lalcoee, and other slates occur in extensive beds between the Kennebec and the St, John. 

419 



9 



MAINE. 



Soapstone, sandstone, and brecciatcd rocks of many varieties are found ; also jasper, including the beautiful greenston^ 
trap and its varieties and porphyry. The trap-dykes are numerous and exceedingly <Ustinct; they cut through most of • 
the other roflts, agd produce upon them most distinctly those peculiar effects which to a demonstration prove their ignoous 
origin ; while the diluvial deposits, Ihe boulders and ruins, Uie diluvial furrows in the eocks, the sea-shells now adhering 
lo and inherent in rocka, which once formed the aea-eoast, although now elevated '20 feet above the water, a salt spring at 
Lnbec. and many other interesting phenomena illustrate other parts of scienlitlc-geology.' Maine is also said to have it» 
gold region, and of late some excitement has been produced anioug the inhabitauts, by reports of successful mining, but 
it does not seem that any great amount of the mineral has been collected, nor is the estimate important enough toljeguile 
the more wary from their usual occupations. 1'here is no doubt, however, of its existence in the State. U is found on 
the streams that ris^on the east side of the height of land, and flow east into the west branch of the Penobscot, and also 
in the tributaries of Moose Kiver. The whole neighboring country is mountniuoua, and similar, in many respects, to the 
mining regions of other countries. The C'haudicre Iiiver,on the British side.is also said to yield the metal in considerable* 
quantities. 

The soils of tFiis State are of various compost and fertility : near Ibe sea the lands are sandy, and generally unsuited to 
the purposes of agriculture. In the more mountjiinous regions, though the soil is thiu and not of the best quality, extensive 
tracts are found which might be mod as grazing lands. The district between the Penobscot Sind Kennebec rivers,* 
however, is eminently rich, fertile, and productive. That part of the State lying t>et\veen tlie Penobscot and the Passama- 
quoddy, is what is called " White. Pine Land" — the soil is moist and of considerable strength, and ihe principal natural 
growth is the while pine mixed with oak, white ash, and beech. At "Wells and Scarboro are several tracts of salt marsh. 

Maine hjis a climate of extremes, but it is seldom so severe as to interrupt farm operations. Vegetation commences 
late, but it is rapid and vigorous. The season of growth extends from the middle of April to the middle of October, but it 
does not continue in its full force for more than three and a half months. The temperature ranges between iou° above and 
2(|0 lelmc zero, but the changes are seasonal, and seldom interfere with personal health. Near the coast Ihe summers are 
tempered and rendered pleasant by the recurrence of sea breezes, and in the eastern districts the atmospheric temperature 
is modified by the fogs and vapors rising from the Gulf Stream which in these Ialitu<les sweeps the sliores. The frosta 
of winter are uninterrupted, and the lakes and river3>may be passed upon the ice from December to the beginning of 
April. The less hardy cereals frequently suffer from the early frosts. 

The greater part of the siu-face of Maine is covered with dense forests of pine, oat, beech, birch, etc. 'White pine and 
spruce, when dressed into masts, bo-ards, and shingles, are largely exported. There is also abundance of timber suitable 
for ship-building, jyid from the facilities with which it is procured, Maine has become the greatest ship-building State o'f 
the Union, and in this department of industry qp an average of years produces more tonnage than Uie three great StaJ^ 
of Massachusetts, New York, and Pennsylvania together, or more than one-third that of the whole Union. 

Of thtf aboriginal tribes that formerly hunted in the deep forests of Maine, but few now inhabit the country. There are 
about 500 still in the State; they live principally on the islands of the Penobscot Piver, which they own, and enjoy a consid- 
erable annuity secured to them by Ihe government. There is also an Indian settlement on the western side of Passama- 
quoddy Bay. The present inhabitants are chiefly of British descent, and the greater portion of them the immediate 
descendants of the origin.il colonists of New England. There are, however, large numbers of enligrants from other 
European countries, but the proportion of these classes is by no means so great as in most of the other States. The 
colored races form but a small moiety of the people. 

Maine is divided into 13 counties, the general statistics of which and the capitals of each, in 1S50, were as follows : 



Couiilies. Dwell. Pop, 

Penobscot 10,ST4.'.63,0S9. 

Piscataquis 2,riS9 . . 14,TS5 . 

Somerset 5.917.. 35,5S1. 

Waldo 7,631.. 47,2.30. 

Washington 5,S35..SS,S10. 

York 10,564.. 60,101. 



Farms 
incfflt 


Manuf 
K.<iUb, 


Capitals. 


.3,983 


.407. 


.Bangor 


.1,779. 


. 01. 


.Dover 


.8,813. 


.16.5. 


.Norridgewock 


.4,41S. 


.847. 


. IJelfast 


.1,875 


.810. 


.Macliiaa 


.5,004. 


.352. 


.Alfred 



C.mnlks. Dwell. Pop. ^^"™; ^™i;;- Capil.i.s. 

Aroostook 2,03S.. 13.535. .1,223.. 59..Houlton 

Cumberland 12,702. .79,649. .5,852. .644. .Portland 

Franklin 3,4S7. .20,027. .2..^!. .135. Farmington 

Hancock 5,.550. .34,372. .2,271 . .205. .Ellsworth 

Kennebec. 10,162. .62.521 . .5.25i;. .331. . Aitgksta 

Lincoln * .12,176. .74,S75. .4,975. .526. . Wiscasset 

Oidbrd 6,712. .39,663. .4,2SS.. 150. .Paris 

The whole niimher of dwellings in the State was, at the above date, 95,797 ; of families, 103,737 ; and of inhabitants, 
588,138: viz., whites 5S1.803— males 296,635, and females 235,223; free colored 'l,325—m:ftes 7o5, and females 620. Of 
the whole population there were, (/ea/ and dumb — \vh. 229, (r. col. 1 — N)tal 230 ; Mhul — wh. 201, fr. col. — total 201 ; 
iMant—vilt. 533, fr. col. 3 — tot,al 536, and idwtie—\v\\. 555, fr. col. S— total 55S. The nutuber of free persons born in the 
United States was 551,129, the number of foreign birth 31,456, and of birth unknown 5S4 ; 7uitU-e population^riginated as 
follows: Maine 617,117, N. Hamp. 13,609, Verm. 1,177, Mass. 16,535, K. I. 410, Conn. 400, N. Y. 973, N. J. 1-34, Penn. 201, 
Del. 86, Mil. 113, Dist. of Col. 23, Virg. 94, N. Car. 27, S. Car. 81, Ga. 24, Flor. 24, Ala. 6, Miss. 16, La. 21, Tex. 9, ArR 6, 
Tenn. G, Ky. 14, Oh. 6S, Mich. 19, Ind. 5, 111. 33, Mo. 11, la. 1, Wise. 10, Calif. 2, Territories 4.. And the foreign 
population w.is composed of persons; from— England 1,949, Ireland 13,871, Scotland 632, W.ales 60, Germany 290, 
France 143. Spain IS, Portugal 68, Belgium 2, Holland 12, Turkey 4, Italy 20, Austria 3, Switzerland 11, P.ussia 2, Den- 
m.ark 47, Norway 12, Sweden 55, Prussia 27, China 3, Asia 5, Africa 5, British America 14,181, Mexico 2, Centra) 
America 0, South Ameri^ 31, West Indies 61, Sandwich Islands 1, and other countries. 51. ' • 

The following table will show the decennial progresscf the population since the lirst census of the^tatetakcn by Ite 
ITnited States authorities : * 



IVar. 
1790 . 
ISOO . 
ISIO . 
1S20 . 
1830 . 
1810 . 
1S50 . 
420 



While , 

PeraonM. Free. 

. 96.002 583 .. 

. 150,901 SIS . . 

.227,736 969.. 

. 297,-340 995 . . 

. 898,268 1,190 .. 

. .500,4.38 ....'.. 1.355«. 
. 6S1,S03 1,325 .. 



Colored Persons. 



T.ilal 
Population. 

. 96,540 .: 



Decennial Increase. 



Tuiiil. Populiilion. Numeriual. Fercent. 

583 . 

818 151.719 55,179 B7.1 

969 223,705 76,936 60.7 

995 298,3.35 69.630 80.4 

1,192 399,4.55 101.120 8:3.9 

l,a55 51I1.798 102.383 2.5.6 

1,325 588,183 81,395 16.3 



MAINE. 



The slalistioal returns of the wealth and industry of Maine, as fumisbed by the census of 1st Jane, 1S5I1, and other 
official dncunu-nts rcfiTrinc; to tli:it period, are as follows: 

Occupied Lamhs^et.c, — Improved lamls 'J,t 89,o96 acres, and unimproved lands 2,515,797 acres — valued in cash at 
$54.StJl,74-S. Number of farms under eiUtivation, 4(j,7l)il ; value of farming; implrmenls and machinery, $2,'2S4,554, 

l.ivt-St'ick. — Horses, 41,721 ; asses and mules, 55; mileh cows, 133,55G; working oxen, S:i,Sl>y; other (-attic, 125,S90; 
sheep, ■151,577 ; and ^wine, 54.59S— total value of live-stoek, $9,7ii5.726. In 1840, tliere were in the State— hnrsus, mules, 
etc., 59.20^; neat cattle of all dcMTiptions, 327,255; sheep, 64y,2W; swine, 1I7.3S(5, etc. 

aiahi r/'7^v.— Wheal, '29().259 hushels; rye, l()2,9Ui bushels; Indian cnrn, l,75ii,ii5G bushels; oats. 2, 1^1, 0:^7 bushels; 
barley, 151.731 bushels : and buckwheat, 104,523 bushels, 'ilie same crops in 1S40 amounted Id— "lit-at, s.is.!00 tiushels; 
rye, 137.ii41 bushels; InHian corn, 950,528 Ijusiiets ; oats, l,i<70,4U9 Ijushels ; barley, oi>iJ.HU bushels; and buckwheat, 
51,543 husUels. 'i'hus, while the wheat and barley crops have diminished atjout five-eighths, all the uth.-r crops have 
iucrea-sed, and nmst of them have doubled in quantity. 

Other Food Cz-oyw.— Peas and beans. 21 5,541 l>u^heIs ; Iri.'^h potatoes, 3.43G,040 bushels. In 1&40, the production of the 
potato crop amounted to 10,392,2Sii bushels, or nearly three times that of ISoO. 

Jl(.'iCi'l/o}Mfm Crops.— lhiy.'ib'i.S^9 (in 1S40, 691,35^) tons; clover-seud, 9,(i97 busliels; other grass-seed, 9,214 bushels; 
hop.-*, 40,120 (in 1S40, 3G.94ii) pounds; flax, 17,0S1 pounds; flax-seed, 531) bushels ; maple sugar, 93,542 j)ounds ^ molasses, 
3,107 gall'-ns; beeswax and honey, 1&9,61S pounds; silk cocoons, 252 (in 1S40, 211) pounds ; wiue, 724 gallons. The 
value of orchard prodm-ts was$;M2,S65, and of markt-t-garden products, $122,3S7. 

Produvt.iofAnimaU—\YoolA,Z(ii,OUim 1840,1,4*55,551) pounds; butter, 9,'i43,SU pounds; cheese, 2,4.'^1,454 pounds; 
inid the value of animals slaughtered during the year was :tl.(>46,773. 

Il,'»ir-mitde M<nn//(ictur<r\s tor the year ending 1st .lune, 1S5 i, were produced to the value of $513,599. 

iI/.f»(//v(cf/(/v.s.— Aggregate capital invested, $iiu,000,<H)0; value <>f raw material, fuel, etc., consumed, lOi^OOO.OOO; 
average number of hands employed, ti0,000— males, no.Otm, and females, U,ti00 ; monthly cost of labor, $i.iilO,noo— males 
$0110.01111, and females $()0,(K)0— total value of products for the ye:ir, $00,000,000. The whole number of manufacturing 
establishments in the State, in ISOO, producing to the value of .^5li(l and ui)ward, was 3,GS2 : and of these, 12 were cotton 
faetorit.'S, 3G woolen factories, 213 tanneries, and 2G establishments lor the mamifaeture of iron — 26 for caslings, and 1 for 
pig iron. , 

The ciitinn manufactures employ a capital of $3,329,700; value of all raw material consumed, $1,573,110; monthly 
cost of labor — male $22,895. and female $35,073; value of entire products. $2,596,356. In this department of manufactures 
31.531 bales of cotton were used, and 2,921 tons of coal consumed ; and the number of hands employed— males 7S0, and 
females 2.959. The products fur the year were 32,^52.55G yards of sheeting, etc. 

The icooh-n manufactures emiiloy a capital of $407,000 ; aufl use 1.435,434 pounds of wool, valued at $495,940 : number 
of hands— males 310. an<l females 314-, moulhly cost of labor— male $6,998, and female $3,697 ; value of entire products, 
$753.3e0, and quantity of products, 1,023.020 yards of eloUi. and 1.200 pounds yarn. 

In A/""t'/'zV.s the invested capital is $732.747 ; value of hides and skins, $^92.343; hands employed— males, 7S7, and 
females 3: monthly cost of labrjr— male $17,229, and female $2S; skins Umued 31,350, and sides of leather tanned 
632.06S; value of products, $1,620,6:^6. 

In the manufacture of ]>/'(/ iron, the capital invested is $214,000; value of all raw m.aterial, fuel, etc., $14,939; hands 
employed— mail's, 71 ; monihly cost of labt>r. $1,562; pig iron made. 1.4<4 tons; value of products, $30,610. The material 
consumed consisted of 2,9ii7 tons ore. and 213,970 bushels coke and charcoal. 

In the manufacture of iron castirtrfs, the invested capital is $150,100; value of raw material, fuel, etc., $112,570; 
numl)er of hands employi'd — males 24^3, and females 1; average wages per mouth — to males $29. and to females $5; 
entire value of product.'^— 3,091 tons castings— $265,000. The material and fuel consumed consisted of pig iron, 3,591 tons; 
old metal, 215 tons; mineral coal, 1,319 tons; and coke and charcoal. 14,000 bushels. 

Besides the above, Maine has other considerable interest — numerous mills, and various mechanical establishments, 
etc., whieli, in the aggregate, make up a long list of industrial pursuits, for the jjrofilable prosecution of which the fine 
streams of the country affonl special facilities. 

Cimnn^irce, Kaviijatiini, tir. — The total value of merchandise exported to foreign countries, from Maine, during the 
year ending 30th January. IS50, was $1,556,912, of whicii $1,536,818 was the value t-f domestic produce and numufac- 
tures. and $20,094 that <tf foreign goods re-exi>orted. The value of domestic merchandise, exported in American vessels, 
was $1,130.99-^, and in foreign vessels $400,820; and the value of foreign merchandise, re-exported in American vessels, 
was $14,564, and in foreign vessels $5,530. The total value of imports for the same year was $85G,411, of wliieh $6ii9,155 
was the value of goods carried in American vessels, and $247,256 in foreign vessels. The following table exhibite the 
ehilistics of shipping employed in the foreign trade : 





SmPPING ESTEr.ED. 






SHIPPING CLEAURn. 




N,ltinii;,lily, 


Vevseh. Tonnage. 


Crews 


Nationality. 


Vessels. T i.iue. 


Crews. 


American 


253 53.309 .. 


... 2,ns4 


Amerioan 


5<5 111.1J3 .. 


... 4,548 






. . . .i.oss 


Foreii^ 


1.04r. 91.1111 .. 


5131 








Total... 


1,293 143,180 


7,1 (i; 


T»l.-il . 


1,G:n IKAZt 


9,674 



The lonn.nf;i> c-lc.ircil fnim Passamaquodfly district wa.s C3.8i;7tOTi9; fn.ni IMarliia.'J, S.!!.! tons; from PfTloIiscol, .3.441 
tons: from \Val<!"I«iro'. •IMf, Ions; from Wiscassct. 4 5119 tons; from Hi'lr:i.'<l, ll.O.'iil tons; from Bath, 10,.3S'i tons; from 
Bansor. 12.31 n Ions; from Bortlan.l, 77.645 lorn; from Kennebuck. 1,343 tons; and from Saco, 4'ii'j tons ; and tin- tonnage 
enured at I'a.ss:nnii(iuoildy iv-as 5S 4.')3 tons ; at Machias, 3S9 Ions ; at Pi-noliseot. 4,140 tons ; at Waldolioro'. 493 tons ; at 
Wisc.assel, 1.02.5 Ions; at Bolfa.st. 820 tons; at B.tth. 10.094 tons ; at Bangor. 3..365 Ions ; at Portlanil, 64.105 tons, and at 
Saeo. 213 Ions. The shipping owned in the Stale, on tlie .30lh of .Tune. is,50, .amounted to 501,421 tons; registored— 
perinan. ml. 193.955 ti>ns. and temporary. 41,.524 tons; eiir<illed and licensed— permanent, 2.59,845 loiw, ami temporary 
499 tons ; licensed (nnder 20 tons)— employed in coasting 904 tons, and in llie coil fisheries 4.694 tons. Of the regislered 
shipping 321 tiMis. .and of the enrolled and licensed sliippiiig 5.25!l tons, were navigati'd by steam. The proportion of tho 
enroll, .,1 and licensed sliijiping employed— in coasting was 209,079 tons, in the cod fisheries 37,218 tons, and in the mackerel 
fisheries 12,040 tons. * 



MAIKE. 



The slatiislics of the commerce of Maine for a series of years exhibit the following movements : 



r**r. Exports. 

1-20 il.lOS,031 . 

1S21 l,r>4C>,SlS 

1S22 -.um.Mi 

1S23 895j'll 

1S24 910,195 

1625. l,«1.12r 

1S26 1,W2.575 

1S-2T 1,070.1:M 

3528. 1,019.517 

1829 737,582 

1830 670,5-22 



$ - 

930,294 

9W.775 

891.6H 

T63,4« 

1,169,94» 

1,245.3:» 

1ASS.390 

1,246,509 

741,751 

672,666 



Tear. Exports. 

1S31 tS05j7g 



1S.S3 1,019,531 

ISat 815.277 

1S35. 1,069,367 

1S36 f50,936 

ISS7 9K.953 

15.3S. 9.35*32 

1589 595.455 

1510. 1,018.269 

1S41 1,091,5« 



Ira[>ort3. 

$941,407 

1.12.'),326 

1,380.303 

1,060,121 

SS3,?S9 

930,086 

S01.404 

899,142 

9S2.734 

628.762 

100,961 



T«ar. Exports. 

1842 $1,050,523 

1S4.S. 632391 

1844. 1,176.135 

1545 1.1,255.105 

1846 1,328,363 

1547 1,634.203 

1845. 1,957,395 

1549 1336,631 

1850 1,556.912 

1851 1,561,438 

1852. — 



Imports, 

I606.SM 
250,260 
570,S24 
&^.&I5 
767,092 
5T4,056 
795,565 
721,409 
S56.411 

1,176,590 



£ttemal C(»nmunication,:^The bays and cstaarics of Maine, many of wWch, however, penetrate to a considerable 
distance inland, are the only natural ways for internal intercourse enjoyed by the State. The great interior back from the 
sea-board district is beyond their rt-ath. and the chief rivers, except as far as they can be made to float down the limber 
and rafts of the vast forcsis which alx>und at their upptr courses, are ahnost uselesa to navigation. The Stale, then, has 
had to depend on artificial channels for travel and transportation ; and from necessity, these are extensive and systcmalic 
Bui the position of Maine to the British provinces has demanded of it something more than roads to the ini<-rior, and 
hence we find its sjat.-m, completed and projected, extending into Canada on the one hand, and into New Brunswick 
and Nova Scotia on the other; while lines of railroad are in operation from the sonih-easl part of the State to Boston, 
connecting with the general system of the Union, and furnishing a link in the great chain extending from Halifax, the 
northern terminus of European steam navigation, to the ports of the Gulf of Mexico. The Atlantic and Sl LawTenoe 
EailroaiJ. one of the greatest enterprises of the age, gives to Montreal and Quebec an outlet on the Atlantic, and avoids 
the tf dious navigation down the Sl LawTcnce Eiver. The European and North American Railroad will greatly facilitate 
and shorten the period of travel between Europe And the Union. The first of these is now about complete, and the Latter 
has so far progressed as to insure its completion within the next four or Ave years. "With the exception of one or two 
short lines, the railroads as yet complete are found in the south-east part of the State, between the Kennebec Eiver 
and the line of New Hampshu-e. The total length of completed railroad in the State, on the 1st January, 1553, was 417 
miles. The Slate has also constructed the Cumberland and Oxford Canal, connecting Portland with Sebago Pond, twenty 
and a half miles long. It has 25 locks, and by another lock, in Saco Eirer, it is extended through Brandy and Long Ponds, 
making its whole length 50 miles. 

JSf/n^-x._The bank returns for October, 1S50, reported 33 banks. The following statement exhibits their condition at 
that perifid : liabUiti^s—ca\nUsX f S.24>,mK), circulation $2,65l^S, deports $1,223,671, due other banks ^,036, and other 
Babilitit-s $3S,2>5: and a««t^— loans and discounts $5.530,3.30. real estate $:il,S05, due by other banks $778,955, notes 
of other banks |1S7,435, and specie $475^9. The banks are subject to the control of Bank Commissioners appointed 
by the Governor. 

GoT^mm&iit, etc. — The constitution of 31aine went into operation In 1S20, on the separation of the State from Massa- 
chusetts. It confers the right of suffrage on every white male citizen (except paupers, persons under guardianship, and 
Indians not taxed) 21 years of age. and for three months ne.vt preceding any election a rasidenU and such citizen may 
Tote in the town where a residence is so establbhed. The general election is held annually on the second Monday in Sep- 
tember. 

The L^gvdaUtre is composed of a House of BepreeentatiTes and a Senate ; representatiTes not less than 100, nor more 
than 2f>0 in number (now 151), and elected annually, must be 21 years of age, five years citizens of the United State*, one 
year residents of the State, and three months next preceding the election inhabitants of the town they may represcnL A 
town having 1,500 inhabitants, is entitle»l to one representative; ha\-iDg 3,750, tico; having 6,775, tfiree; having'10,500, 
four; having 15,000, _;?r«?; having 20,250, six; and having 26.250, seven ; and no town can ever be entitled to more than 
seven representatives. Senators not less than 20 nor mwe than 31 in number (now 31), must be 25 years of age, and 
otherwise 4beir term of office and qualifications same as for representatives. Vacancies in the Senate shall be filled by 
joint vole of the senators and the representatives, from those who had the highest numln-r of votes in each district at the 
popular election. The Senate tries all impeachments, and a two-thirds vote is necessary to conviction ; but judgment in such 
cases ttnly extends to removal from and "lisqualification for office, the party being siill liable to indictment ^o senator or 
representative shall during his term, be appointed to any civil office of profll that may have been created, or its emolu- 
ments increased during such term; and no meml)er of Congress, or poKon holding office under the United States, post- 
offioers excepted, can hold a seat in either house. The legishiture convenes on Ihe second Wednesday in January 
annually. 

The Governor is chosen by a plurahtr of votes, and holds oflSce for one year. He must be SO years of age, a natural 
bom citizen of the United States, and for five years, and at the time of his election, anil during his term, a resident of the 
State. If no person has a majority of votes, the Honse of Eepresentatjves, from those having the four highest numbers, 
if there be so many, shall e*ect two, and return their names to the Senate, one of whom the Senate shall elect and declare 
governor. No person holding effice under the United States, this Slate, or any other power, shall be gfivemor. If the 
office l>*'come vacant, the president of the Senate, and afb r him the speaker of the EcprtsenUilives, shall act as governor, 
A iwf^hird vole of bolh hous^ in favor of a bill vetoed by the governor, nullifies his objection, and it becomes law never- 
theless. The gubernatorial term commences on the second Wednc^lay of May. 

The E-rficutirf: Co^incil, consisting of seven counciloR, not more than one from any senatorial district, is chosen annually 
by joint ballot of tlie sena^)rs and representatives. They must be citizens of the United States, and residents of the Slate ; 
and their proper office is to advise the governor in the execotive part of the government. 

The principal ii'IminiKtrative offlcere arc IhC Secretary of State and the State Treasurer. Tliey are chosen annually in 
the same manner as the executive council. The Treasurer is not eligible more than five years successively. 

The const it ulional organization of the judiciary was essentially altered by an act of the Legislature of 1S52. The dis- 
trict courts, which took the plq^ of flie old courts of Common H^as were, abolished, and all their jurisdiction transferrod 
423 



MAINE. 



to the supreme judicial court, to which Dirt-c ad<litionaI justices were iiuthorize'l by the above act The Stale is now 
divided into ttiree judicial districts— westt-rn, middle, and fa>!crii, and fur the purpose ol" hearing and dettrini^iiiif; quc-&- 
lions vi law and equity, instead of being as heretofore held in the several counties, the ttrnis are annually held for these 
districts; at Portland for the western district, at Augusta for the middle district, and at Eangtir for the e:u>tcrn district 
The oihcr cia&^es of cases are tried as formerly in the sevt.*ral counties where they aro commeuct'd. Tli.-re is a probate 
court in each c^uuty, wiih a judge and register; and each county has a clerk of the judicial court. Muni.ipal and jxtlice 
courts are established at rorlland. Bath, liangor, Augusta, Gardiner. Beliiisl, Calais, Unckland, and Brunswick. All ^Ui\e 
judges are appointed by the governor, with the ailviee and consent of the council, and hold office for seven years, unless 
sooner reniKved for cause. 

Among the (/eiierul provis-i^ns of the constitution, are the following: Quakers, Shakers, justices of the Sui>rfme Court 
and ministers of the gospel, shall be exempt fn^iu military duty. Suitable provision shall be made by towns to support 
and maintain public schools. No grant shall i>e made by the legislaiiu-c to any literary institution, unless it has control 
over its charier. No religious test shall be re<iuired as a qualilieation for any office or trust in all libel cases, the truth 
may be given in evidence, and the jury shall dcterniinc Itnth the law and the facts. 

Amr_n<hiu-!it\ to the constitution must receive a two-thirds vote of both houses, and be submitted to the people at the 
next general election ; and if a majority is in favor of the amendment, it shall become a part of the constitution. 

The tnilitkt of Maine, according to the returns of 1S51, consists of 62,5:3i men of all arms and grades, of which 1S3 are 
commisstuned officers, and 6'2.35u non-com missioned officers, musicians, artificers, and privates. Of the commissioned 
officers, 12 are general officers, 13 general staflf ofBcers. 24 field officers, and 129 company officers. All persons between IS 
and 45 years of age, not exempt by law, arc liable to do military duty. 

Maine has several be/ievoleiit iti^tittitions, among whieh the Insane Hospital at Augusta stands pre-eminent. On the 
4th of December, 1350, the two wings and most ol the main building were destroyed by fire; the books, library, .-md 
papt.-rs of the institution were saved, but 27 of tlie inmates and one of the assistants perished in the flames. The 
north wing was made habitable by the 1st of January, 1851, and has since been occupied. The returns for the year i 
ending yist March, ISoO, exhibited the condition of the hospital at that time as follows : number of patients in hospital at 
the commencement of the past year, 127 ; and received during the year, 12G — total 253, of which numhcf 142 were males, 
and 111 females. Discharged during the year: recovered — males 83, and females 23; improved— males 10, and females 
10; unimproved — males S, and females S; and died — males S, and females 7: making a total of 117. Of thel2(J admitted, 
&4 were married — males 35, and females 29; 50 wore single — ^23 males, and 22 females; and 12 were widows; and of 
the number, 97 had been diseased, less than one year, and 29 more than a year. In ordinary cases, the expense.^ in- •* 
eluding board, washing, medical atttmd.ince, etc.. do not exceed, for males, $250, and for females. §225 per week. In 1350 
a commission was appointed to establish a Keforra School, and construct appropriate buildings therefor. 

Mnrnwes^ Debt, etc. — According to the annual report of the State Treasurer, the amount of receipts for the year ending 
80th April, 1350, was $525.63-3 26, which, with a balance remaining from the last past year of $79,033 20, made the total 
resources of the Treasury $604,726 52. The expendilures for the same period amounted to $473,302 45, leaving a surplus 
of $125,9'^4 07 for future appropriation. The principal objects of expenditure were — pay of Legislature, $41,690 ; execu- 
tive expenses, $5,007 93 ; salaries, $25,163 02 ; clerks, $2,S00 ; roll of accounts, $13,044 20 ; printing, etc., $2.500 ; cost of 
criminal prosecutions, $23,573 &Q; officers of the State prison. $4,756 25; Insane Hospital, $1,519 50: deaf, dumb, and 
blind, $9,750 09 ; school fund, No. 16, $24,435 56 ; Teachers' Institute, $2,600 ; Board of Education. $735 ; Penobscot In- 
dians' fund. $4,137 33: agricultural products of Indians, $219 SO; Indian annuities, $1,500; Stale roads an<i bridges, 
$1,300: militia pensions, $2.123 ; Maine Reports, $1.5611; Eastman's Digest of the same. $1,375; agricultural societies, 
$2,202 90; county taxes, $24,479 92; furniture and repairs. $1,100; contingent fund of Treasurer, $l.noo; State prison, 
$3.300 ; public debt pai<l, $124,250 ; interest on debt. $61,574 29 ; temporary loan, $32,350, etc. ; and the chief sources of 
income were — direct taxes, $190,976 GO; land office, $132,340 95; permanent school fund, $2,009 30; 8cho«)l fund, No. 
17, $27,230 21 ; county taxes, $14,503 14 ; interest on I'nited Stales loan, $3.100 ; premium on United States stock sold, 
$7,725 ; interest $3.67$ 03 ; bank dividends, $700 ; duties on commissions, $2,170, etc. The resources of the Stale are esti- 
mated at $sl9.2G7 39, among which are enumerated, besides cash on hand and the proceeds of the annual taxes, 100 
shares in the Augusta Bank, $10,000. and United States six per cent stock due 1356, $20,o00. The whole amount of the 
public debt at the date above referred to w.^s $^54. 750. which pays an annual interest of about $55,000. 

Federal RepresenUitUm. — Maine, according to Uie provisions of the Act of 23d May, 1350, apportioning representation, 
is entitled to send 6 representatives to the United Stat<'s Congres.s. 

RtUgious Denomination^.— AcciiTdini^ to the census returns of the United States, taken in 1350, the statistics of the 
several religious denominations in this State were as follows : 



Baptist 

Christian . . . 
Congregat'I. 
Dutch i:ef.. 
Episc<ipal . . 

Free 

Friends 



23;} . 

9 . 
165 . 

3 . 
19 . 
24 . 



ClLiirh 


Tahie of 


neniimina- No. ol 


ChurcU 


T.lue ol 


Denomma- Nn. of 


niiir.rl) 


V.Uiie ol 


accoin. 


Property. 


lion-. Clmrcliea. 


accoiQ. 


Propeny. 


tions. Cliurrties. 


afioin. 


I'ropprly. 


99,0T9 . 


. $426,TS7 


German Kef. — . . 


— . 


. $ - 


P.. Catholie.. H .. 


6,i50 . 


$2II,7W 


3.5S0 . 


. 13.S00 


Jewish — .. 


— . 


— 


Swedenbo'n 2 . . 


640 . 


S,000 


67.153 . 


. 5aG,-270 


Luthernn ... — . . 


_ . 


_ 


Tunker — . . 


— . 


— 


— . 


— 


Mennonite.. — .. 


— 





Union S3 .. 


26.0ST . 


10.S.670 


8.93T . 


. 52.000 


Metliclist . . 171 . . 


55.111 . 


. 259,695 


Unitarian... 15 .. 


10.144 . 


103,000 


6,743 . 


. 26,700 


Moravi.an ... — . . 


_ . 


_ 


Univers.a1Ist 53 ., 


19,S!)3 . 


120,160 


T,225 . 


. 14,5S0 


Presbyter'n.. 7 .. 


4.<m . 


. 82,1)00 


Minor Soots ,. 1 . . 


150 . 


200 



—making a total of 351 churches, with accommodation for 304,475 persons, an<I valued as property at $1,712,152. Maine 
constitutes a diocese of the Prutostant Episcopal Church, and a part of the Uoman Catholic diocese of Boston. 

JS'/iu-'rtiou.—Thi- Board of Education has l)oen abolished, and an Act has been passe-1, authorizing, instead thereof, the 
appointment by the governor of a school oomniissioner for each county, to hold office for one year from 1st May, and it is 
made the duty of each commissioner to spend 50 days at least in his county during the winter term of the schools, in 
visiting and examining the scholars, etc. 

In ls2S twenty t(*wnships of public land were reserved aa a basis for a school fund— the proceeds of the land already 
eohl are $104,363 63, which constitute the permanent school fmu\ of the State; and in 1S50. twenty-four half townships 
were added to this fuixl. The banks pay one-half of one per cent, of their capital stock semi-annually for school use. 
This tax in 1S5U amounted to $27^0 27. Of the school fund thus constituted, 4?3.492 10 waa apportioned among Iho 

* '423 



MAINE. 



towns, and the towns receiving their share are oWiged la raise an amount of school money equal to 40 cents for each in- 
habilanL In 3,94S districts and 279 part distriels, which made reiurns for ISoO, ihcre were 2,70(5 male and 3,i»21 female 
teachers; average monlhly wages— male $16 60, and female $5 92; average length of schools in weeks, 18.8; schools sus- 
pended by incompetency of teachers, 1,V2; nnmlx-r of good school-houses. lyf>06x number of poor school-houses, 2,012 ; 
number of school-houses built the past year, 120 ; whole number of scholars, 230,274 ; whole attendance in winter. 151,360 ; 
average alien. lance, 91,519. The whole amount of school money raised by tax was $264,351 17, which wa-s $41,010 31 
more limn required by law. The sum of $29,921 40 was expended for private schools. There were school libraries in 9 
towns. The %VhoIc number of chartered academies in the State in 1S50 was 92, of which 64 sustain schools during a 
greater or less part of the year. Teachers' institutes have been in successful operation for several years; 1,732 teachers 
attended them in 1S50 — 801 males, and 931 females; and the sessinn of each institute lasted ten days. 

The two great colleges of Maine are Bowdoin and Waterville colleges. Bowdoin College, at Brunswick, was founded 
in 1802, and in ISoO had 14 professors, 1,062 alumni, of whom is" had entered the ministry, 129 students, and a library of 
27,500 vohniK'S ; and Waterville College, of Walerville, mider Baptist jurisdiction, was founded in 1S20, and in 1S50 had 
5 professors, 267 alumni, of whom S2 had entered tlie ministry, SS studentB, and a library of 15,500 volumes. There is a 
Theological Seminary at Bangor, under Congregational auspices. It was founded in 1816, and in 1850 had 3 professors, 
37 students 202 graduates, and 7,000 volumes in iLs library. The Maine Medical School, at Brunswick, was founded in 
1820, aiwl in 1850 had 5 professors, 51 students, and 034 jrraduaU^s. These institutions are liberally endowed, and have 
all tlie appliances, apparatus, etc., necessary to illustrate the various subjects taughL 

Puhllc Libraries. — One State librarj' — 9,000 volumes ; two social libraries — 6.370 volumes ; two college libraries — 16,800 
vt)lume8 ; six students' libraries — 13,134 volumes ; two academical and professional libniries — 10,800 volumes ; one scientific 
and historical library — 300 volumes; seventeen public scliool libraries — 152 volumes — total 31 libraries and 56.856 volumes. 
There is a great discrepancy between the account of the college libraries given by the census as above and that published 
in the annual catalogues of the respective institutions. 

Pen'of/iciil Pre.'ift.— The whole number of periodicals in Maine, according to the ascertainments of the census of 1S50 
wxs 55. of which 15 were whig in polities, 15 democratic, and 25 neutral or devoted to literature* science, religion, etc. ; 
and of the whole number 4 were published daily, 3 tri-wtekly, 4 semi-weeklyj 43 weekly, and one semi-monthly. The 
aggregate circulation of each issue of the dailies was 6,100 ; of the tri-Weeklies, 370 ; of the semi-weeklies, 1,350 ; of the 
weeklies, 53,507 ; and of the semi-monthly, 2.500. Of the dailies 2 were published in Portland, and 2 at Bangor ; of the 
tri-weeklies, 2 at Portland, and 1 at Balh ; of the semi-weeklies,! at Gardiner,! at Bath,! at Thomaslon, and 1 at 
Biddeford ; of the weeklies, 9 at Portland, ! at Farmington, 4 at Augusta, 1 at Ilallowell, 2 at Waterville, 4 at Bath, 1 at 
Newcastle, 1 at Lewiston, ! at Rockland, 2 at Paris. 2 at Norway, 1 at Dover, 4 at Bangor, 2 at Skowhegan. 3 at Calais. 2 at 
Belfast, 2 at Saco, and 1 at Limerick ; and the semi-monthly, the " Scholar's Leaf," at Portland. The " Maine Farmer," 
an agricultural paper, published at Augusta, circulates 5,300 copies at each issue, and has the highest circulation of any 
periodical in the State. The "Transcript," a Uterary issue, published at Portland, circ i ates 4,608 copies, and has the 
s'jcond highest circulation. 

Panperumi <ind Crime. — The whole number of paupers who received support within the year ending Ist June, 1S50, 
was 5,5ii3, of which 4,553 were natives, and 950 foreign bom ; and the whole number of paupers on the list at the above 
date was 3,53^. of which 3,209 were natives, and 326 foreign born ; annual cost of support, $154,664. The State prison is 
located at Thonuiston. The whole number of convicts in this institution 30th April, 1849, was 97, and thennmber received 
in the year next following was 31— total 98. Discharged by expiration of sentence 17, by pardim 5, and by death 1 ; and 
on the 30th .\pril, 1850, 75 remained incarcerated. Of those convicted in 1849-50, 4 were for arson, 5 for burglary, 2 for 
forgery, 49 fur larceny, 5 for murder, and 1 for passing counterfeit coin. The whole number of convicts received into the 
prison since 2d duly, 18:i4, up to the end of the official year 1S50, was9Sl. 

Ilistonral Mrtc/t. — ^The first settlements of Maine were for a long period interrupted by savage incursion. Though 
visited at an early period, no permanent colonies were established until the commencement of the seventeenth cenlury. 
In 1004 the French settled on the Kennebec, and in 1607 Su- John Gilbert arrived at the mouth of the s.-ime river with 100 
colonists, l>nt having passed the winter in great suffering, the party returned to England, representing the country as a 
•' cold, barren, and mountainous desert." The unfortunate result of this enterprise discouraged any further attempts on 
the part of the Knglish for some years. The French, however, had established themselves on different parls of the coast, 
and the Dutch also had a settlement at a place called Newcastle. After the formation of the Plymouth Company a more 
regular system of colonization was attempted, but no effectual settlement by the English was made before 1635. In that 
yenr the counlry was parceled into shares, but none of the holders, except Sir Ferdinand Gorges, who received a grant of 
Uie 1-ands between the Piscataqua and Kennebec, obtained tlteir patents. His charter, granted in 1639. gave him despotic 
power over the district, and the laws he promulgated on taking possession were aristocratic and feudal in their character, 
and litUe suited to the English emigrant of the time. The pnpulation of the province seems aco4»rdingly to have increased 
but slowly. Tlu; first general council was held at Saco in 1G40. The government was administered in the name of Gorges 
until 1617, when, on his death being announced, the people took the administration of affairs into their own hands, and 
elected a t;overnor from among themselves until 1052, in which year the province was incorporated with Massachusetts, and 
so remained until Charles II. restored it to the heirs of Gorges. The government of M.-issachusetta, however, shortly afler- 
ward purchased the whole country for £1,200 steriing, and thenceafter it was governed as part of her territory, and was 
incliuied in the new charter of Massachusetts tn 1691. At that time the present State of Maine was divided into two 
pnrts — ihe country between the Piscataqua and Kennebec, which contained the principal settlements, and was exclusively 
callt-d Maine, and that between the Kennebec and the St. Croix, whieh was known by the ancient French nameof Acadie. 
The pmvinee wxs not supposed to extend back from the sea farther than 120 miles, and the territory beyond that distance' 
was considered as crown lands. The whole country, from the Piscataqua to tho St Croix, was now granted to 
Ma.«sachusetts. 

Fniin it.s first settlement to the middle of the eighteenth century the inhabitants suffered grievously (torn Indian warfare. 
The savages opposed step by st(^ the progress of the colony. In 1075 almost all the settlements were destroyed, and from 
1692 u> 17(13 the province was a uniform scene of rapine. In 1720 the harassing conflict was renewed, and the settlers 
suffered severely until 1726, when a treaty was -concluded whieh secured i)eace for several years. So late as 1744 and 
174^S mruiy ol tho inhabitants were killed or carried off fmm tho towns. Since 1749, however, when another treaty was 
made, tranquillity has prevailed, and at the present time few Indians remain within the State. 
From the period of the union with Massachusetts to the final separation in 1S20, tlic history of Maine has been merged 
424 



MAI 



MAM 

in thit of Massaclmseta. Wc hear lillle <^ ihc former <luri,.g tl.n R»vc,h,lio,„.ry War. In ll.e war of l-1i-lo a m'tH... of 
Iho dil.rioU-as compelled to submit to th. ItrilL.h arms, a,.J romai.K.d under their eon.rol ™td ,l,o return ol peace- 

«''""^'''^'""',T;he°,t!Se^?^™r!::?;;dictionof Massachuset.,,and it. erection into an independent SUtte were 

In October, 17Sr>. a convenlion met at Tortland for the pinpose of considenng 

s s'ul)milled to llip people of Maine, to be decided in town meetings, 

gainst tlu- measure. Tlie sulijcct was renewed in 1st>, wlien 

In 1S19, numerous petitions liaviuf: been presented to the Lepslature, 

conformity to which a vote was (alien in all the towns. A 



The separation t 
trequenlly attempted, but without success, 
the suljject. In the succeeding year the question w.as s 
when it was found that a majority of tlie freemen were 
a»ain a majority appeared adverse to a separation. 

an act was riass.d lor ascertaining the will of the people, in . 

large tna'rtv now voted in favor of the separation, and in consequence of the desires of the mhantants 'l^"' -;---■» 
ronvenl .,> was called under the aulhori/.ution oT the Legislature of Massachusetts. A const.tnfon was adoptci which 
com cntion w caueu ^^^ ^^ ^^^ ^_^^^^ ^^^^^^^^ ^^^^^^ ^^^^ ^_^^^.^^ ^^ ^^.^^ ^^^^,^^^ ^^^ mdependeut btalo 



received the approbation of the people, 
and a member of the United Stales. 

, the Kennebec Eivcr, is the political capital and seat of the Slate Government. 



Scotlan<l 



AtJGrsTA, on t 

Maine, t. and p. v., Broome Co., JV. Y.: Mo m. W. S. W. 
All'any. Drained by two creeks flowing -into the Susque- 
hanna r. Surface much broken ; soil best adapted to graz- 
ing. The v. is situate in S. W. part of t., on Nanlieoke cr. 
The t. contains several saw-mills, grist-mills, and tanneries. 
Pop. 1,84.3. 
Maine, p. o.. Cook Co., 111.: 175 m. N. K. Spnngtield. 
Malnisuitkg, p. o., Ti.iga county, Pe»n..- 1113 m. N. 
Harrisburg. 

Mainevtlle. p. v., Colnmbia co., /•«"'..• fd m. N. N. E. 
Harrisbur.'. There is a cold blast furnace (the Catla- 
wissa) constructed in 1S15, of 1,300 tons annual capacity, al.s.. 
a forge of same name, constructed in l^Jl, which pr.iduces 
annually 100 tons of bars. 

Malaga, p. v., Gloucester CO., A' 
Branch fork of Maurice r., 47 m. S. S. W. Trenton. It con- 
tains a glass mamifactory, several stores, and workshops. ^ 
Maij^ga, t. and p. v., Monroe Co., Ohio : 95 m. E. by S. 
Columbus. Drained by tributaries of Seneca er. Surface 
hilly and rough ; soil varied. The v. is situated in N. pirt. 
Pop. 1,561. „ , , 

Malcolm, p. v., Jefferson co., Mhs. : fil m. 8. W. Jack- 
son. There is a railroad running from Natebcz to this v., a 
distance of 29 milo. 

Maloen, t. and p. v., Middlesex co., .Wt.«. .■ 5 m. N. 
Boston. Bounded on the S. by Mystic r., which separates it 
from Charleslown, to which it is connected by a bridge. 
Drained bv CiL.rles r. Surface un.-ven. abounding in salt 
meadows and timber lands. Maiden, like Medford, Som- 
merville, and Cambridge, is considered as a suburb of 
Boston. First settled in 1C4S, iniv>rporatcd in 1640. It is a 
busv town, with several manufactures, worl;sliops, and nu- 
merous stores. The Boston aiel Maine 11. V.. passes through 
it, from which point the Meslford ilraiich U. 11. diverges. 
Pop. of t. 3,520. 

Maldes, p. v., Ulster co., jS'. T. : on the W. side of the 
Hudson r., 41 m. S. by W, Albany. There is a regular 
steamboat landing, and large quantities of leather and flag- 
ging stones are shipped. 

Malpks Bridge, p. v., Columbia county. A'. Y. : on 
Kinderhook cr., 17 m. S. by E. Alteiiy. 

Malueckeux islands, Ln.: a small cluster of Islands 
lying off the mouth of Lake Borgue. 

Mallet Cheek, p, v., Medina Co., Ohio: on a fork of 
Eocky r.. 97 m. N. N. E. Columbus. 

Mallorvsville, p. v., Wilkes co., Gn.: 66 m. N. N. E. 
Milled geville. 

Malone, t.. p. v., and cap. Franklin co., y. Y. : 'iVt m. 
N. by W. Albany. Drained by Salmon and Trout rivers, 
which flow into Canada. The Northern (Hgileiisburg) 
E. R. crosses the X. part of the t., running through the 
v., whieb is pleasantly siluate on both sides of Salmon r., 
over which tlnre is a bridge built of .stmie. Surface level ; 
soil in general fertile. There arc very fine specimens of the 
Potsdam sandstone quarried here. Magnetic iron ore, bog 
iron ore.and other miner;ils. are to he found along the river. 
There is tine water-piiw.r, which is employi-d exiensivi ly in 
manufactories, of which there are a great number. The v. 



101 



by E. 

N. E. 
; 81 m. 



is the seat of justice for the county, and has several manu- 
factories of cotton goods, leather, scythes, pails, etc. The 
"Franklin Gazette" (.lem.), and "Frontier Pallailiuia" 
(whig), are issued weekly. Pop. of t 4,.547. 

Mai.t.\, t. and p. o., Saratoga co., A''. }'. .' 23 m. N. Albany. 
Drained by a small stream which bounds it on the N. and 
Saratoga Lake on the E., and Anthony's Kill (outlet of 
r.ound Lake), in the 8. Surface undulating : soil fertile. 
In Ihe I- there are several stores, mills, and manufactories. 
P,i|.. 1,:!49. 

Malta, t. and p. v., Morgan Co., Oliio: 61 m. E. S. E. 
Columbus. Drained by Muskingum r., which forms its E. 
boundary. Surface uneven : soil fertile. The v. is situate 
in the N. E. part of the t. on the Muskingum river. Pop. 
of I. 1 ,302. 

Mai.taville, p. v., Saratoga Co., K T.: 21 m. N. by W. 
Alliany, near Round Lake. It contains a factory and mill, 
and about 25 dwellings. 

Mahtgin Grove, p. o., Lee co., III. : 133 m. N. 
Spriuglield. 

Malvern, p. o., Carroll county, Oliio : 
Columbus. 

M.iMAKATiNQ, t uud p. o., SuUivau CO., A' Y. 
S. S. W. Albany. Surface hilly and mountainous, having 
<ui Ihe E. the Shawangunk Mountain, and in the W. a high 
ridge : through the centre flows Bashe's Kill, and the 
DcFaware an.l Hudson Canal. The New York and Erie 
l;. I:. crosses the S. jiart of town. It contains numerous 
stores, G tanneries, 3 distilleries, a number of grist-mills and 
saw-milks. Pop. of t. 4.107. 

Mamaroneck, t. and p. v., Westchester co.. A: Y. : 119 
m. S. Albany. Draine.1 by Mamaroneck cr., flowing into 
L'lng Island Sound, which bounds it on the S. The New 
York aii.l New Haven U. P.. passes through the t Surface 
uneven— in parts hilly ; soil good ami well cultivated. The 
v. is situate on the Sound. Several sloops owned here ply 
between the v. and New York. There are 2 churches, 
several stori's, and a .salamander safe manutactory in the v., 
and about 300 inhabitants. Pop. of t. 92S. 

Mammoth Cave, p. o., Edmonson county, iTv- •' 95 m. 
S. W. Frankfort, and near Green river. It is situated mid- 
way between Louisville and Nashville, and is a fichionable 
place of resort. The cave is appro.ached tlimugh a roman- 
tic shade. At Ihe entrance is a rush of cohl air ; a descent 
of SO feet by stone steps, and an advance of 150 feet 
inward brings the visitor to the door, in a solid stone wall, 
which blocks up the entrance of the cave. A narrow pas- 
sage leads to the great ve.'<tlhnJf. or ante-chamber, an oval 
liall, 200 l.v 150 feet, and 50 feet high. Two passages, of 
100 feet width, open into it, and the whole is support- 
ed without a single column. This chamber was used 
by the races of yore ,as a cemetery, judging from tlic bonea 
of gigantic size' wliich are discovered. A hundred feet 
above your head you catch a fitful glimpse of a dark-gray 
ceiling! rolling dimly away like a cloud, and heavy bnltresses, 
aiiparenlly bending under the superincumbent weight, pro- 
ject their enormous masses from the shadowy wall. The 
scene is vast, solemn, and awful. In the silence th,at per- 

425 



M AN 

vades, you o»„ dislinctly hear Ihe tbrobbings of your heart 
lnAu<Man Ave,,ue, leading from the haU, is a deep wdl 

tZLT.7, T'' TT""'"' "'^ ''■•""^■"''^ ^"'"""« 

eri^!/r /;"■''•■'" " '"" '™"" °f '"■"''"'« "f bats. The 
ftr .f , T^ " " '■'"^"""''^■'. >"™y ■»"« long and fifty 
feel h gh. and as wi.lc. At the end of the first quarter of a 
mtle « the K.ntu.l:,, cm and U.e a,urc!,WZelia 

are not « anting. "In this te.nple religious services have 
frequent y been performed." The aothio Av,nue, reaehed 
by a fl.ght of stairs, is 40 feet wide, 15 feet high, and 2 m 
long. Mummies have been discovered here which have 
been the subject of curious study to science; there are also 
stalagmites and stalactites, 7.o,„«,v a«f«-, and Vulcan's 
rumace On the walls of the J!,„Me,- Itomns are inscribed 
ttotuandsof names. "The Gothic CTir,^,.;, when illumi- 
Dated with lamps, inspires the beholder with feeliiK-s of 
solemnity and awe." At the foot of the DeviH Arm Chair 
IS a small ba.sin of sulphur water. Then there is the Brea>i. 

Z^;,Tr,n'""':"': T'^ ^'""""^ ^"'^' ^"^^"t 

fnd7f ? 1 ' •''"'' ""' ""■'"'"' ^"^•'' l'"^'" 6 feet wide 
aild 8 feet deep, of the purest v.:mr-Knpole»n-s Dome 
etc., etc. The mi Eoo,n contains an orchestra 15 feet hH '•' 
near by is a row of cabins for consumptive palienls-rte 
mmospbere being alw.ays temperate and pure. The Star 
Chumt^er presents an optical illusion. "In lookin. up 

stars and atiir off a comet with a bright tail." The Tempi, 
13 an immense vault, covering an area of two acres and 
covered by a single dome of solid rock, 120 feet bi<.h It 
rivals the celebrated vaultin the Orotto rf Antip..ros, which 

dome th : " 'r-™' '" "" ""'•"'■ '° "- "'■'>"« °f ' - 
^rrlv lotlr '^' """""^ °'""^' ™'"S ™ one side 
nearij to the top, very steep, and forming what is called the 
Jfo,„, .,„. The ;?«.«•//,,« descends like the slope o a 
mounla.n ; the ceiling stretches aw.ay before you, vast and 
grand^ as the armament at midnight! A short di's^e ™ 

by the aid of t,,rehes upon a broad, black sheet of water, SO 
ftet below, called the Dead Sea. This .an awfully impres- 
sive place, the sights and sounds of which do not easily pss 
from memory. The Mammoth Cave is said to be explored 
othe distance of ten miles without reaching its termTna- 

ZT^y "r :r'"-''t "''"' "' "" "'^ "inches iver 
/o, !/ w.fr., .' ^exl to Niagara, it is the wonder of nature 
in the western worid, or perhaps throughout M her domain' 
JUASACK, p. o., Lowndes countv, Ala.: or m s w' 
Montgomery. ^- "■ 

MANAUAWKrN, p. v., Occan co., AK Jer. : on Manahawkin 
cr., 4 m. W. Little Egg Harbor Bay, 45 m. 9. E. Taunton 
It contains 3 churches, several small stores, and about 260 
inhabitants. 
Manalapa-j, p. o., Monmouth co, iK ,7 .- 21 m. E Trenton 
Maxasqua-v, p. v., Monmouth Co., N. Jer.: on Manas-' 
quam cr., .35 m. E. S. E. Trenton. 

Manascjuam river, Monmouth county, JK Jer ■ rises in 
Freehold t., and aller a S. E. course of 18 m., enters the 
Atlantic by Manasquam inlet. The tide-water, 8 m. above 
Its mouth, is crossed by Squam Bridge. 

Harasses Gap, p. o..Warren co.. rirff. : the g.ap is a pass 
on the Blue lli.lge, which here divides the counties of Fau- 
qmer and Warren. The Manasses Gap E. E., from Alexan- 
dria to Front r.oyal, passes through it. 

Maxatawnt, t. and p. o., Berks county, Penn. : 61 m. 
i.. iN. E. Harrisburg. Drained by Sacony cr., a tributary of 
Maiden cr. Surface level; soil loam and gravel, and very 
productive. The v. of Kutau.wn is situated in the W. part 
Oft, and has a church. .S stores, and about 90 dwellings. 

MANATi:r.. p. v., Ilillsboro'co., F/or. : on an arm of Spiritu 
Santo Bay, 37 m. S. Tampa, 241 m. S. S. K. Tallahassee. 

Manavunk. t. and p. v., Philadelphia co., Penn.: one of 
the suburban districts of I'liiladelphia, T m. N. N. Vf. Phila- 
426 



MAN 



ba fk s , a ?' ^- "' '■ H'^'^-'-g- II is situate on E. 
bank t,ch lylkill river, at the junction of Philadelphia and 

Norr 7 P ."■'"' '"' ''""-'^'Pl'-. Germantown, and 
Norristown E E. It ha, tine water-power, created by the 
waste water of the canal. Two bridges cross the Schuylkill 
river at this place. There is a forge situate here as also a 
rolling mill ; the latter produced (in 1^8) 600 tons boUer and 
flue iron, and other^vise considerable manufactimng and 
other business arc carried on. Pop 6 139 » >» 

Mancoacp v., E. Baton Eouge par., 'la.: on E, bank 
Mississippi r., 9 m. S. Baton Eou<^e 

Au"trc"^° ^'"''^' "•"■■ ^'"'^ ""^'^' ^-^••- 11 »• s. 

Manchauo, p. v., Worcester co., Mam.: on a fork of 
Blackstonc r., 39 m. S. W. Boston 

Mancuestee, t. and p. v., Hartford eo., Omn. .• 9 m E. 
Hartford. Drained by Hockanum r., which affords ex et 
lent water-power. Surface uneven; soil fertile and pro- 

here. It is a very important manufacturing town There 
are several paper-mills, 2 powder-mills, and a number of 

Tte 1 in°n t^r'"'"'"'"''""''- '^'^ '■ « P'-^^^-'v ^'l 
ualeil „ the N. of t., on line of the Hartford Providence 

fo™™ ""•■ ^'•' '' ■" ^- "^ ^' ™'-''"»- ^"P-' 
SprinS™^ ■"■ ''■' ^°°" °'"^^^' ^"- ■■ ^ "■ "^- S- '^■ 

InX^r "• "■ '''^"'"'™ '"""'^' ^«<^- •• '' -• S- E. 

MANcmsTEH, p. v., and cap. Clay co.. JTy. .• situate on S 
side Of Little Goose cr., a tributary of Kenluckv r., 93 m S E.' 
Frankfort. There are salt works iu the vicinity. Uct 
toms a court-house, etc. i' lou- 

Man-chestee, p. v., CarroU county, Md.: 49 m N bv W 
Atinapolis. i', oy n. 

MANcnESTEE, t. and p. t., Essex countv, Mais. ■ on 
Massachusetts Bay, T m. N. E. Marblehcaii. 21 m N E 
Boston. Manchester has a line harbor, suitable and safe for 

ment of the mhabitants. The surface of the t. is rough, and 
he sod var„d. Ship-buUding is carried on to some exti^L 
besides which there are manufactories of leather, boo^ 
shoes cabinet-ware, palm-leaf hats, and ships' wheels are 
manufactured here. The vUlage is pleasantly situated and 
con=,mands a delightful prospect. The Gloucester Bnui h 
E.E passes through it, connecting at Beverly (9 m. W ) 
with the Eastern E. E. Pop. of the I 1,6SS. ' 

La^InT'^^'"^ ^' °" ■*^''""™'"' 00-. ^'c'u: 45 m. S. E. 

tc^t: X' Me^i^rr:: r" s'r "™t /"^^ "-' 

i.cry proiluctnc. The canal by Amoskeag Falls 1 m in 

M.rrimic. having a descent, in the course of a mile of 
fn,m 60 o 6„ feeL There are now in operation at thirph,:« 
Amo.^ "T <^""^"-">""- owned and operated by ,ho 
An oskeag M.-miifae,uri„g Company, and three bv the Stark 

ton fi.-oL"'' •,""""""'"« """"■•"'>■ S".""" l"'lcs of cot. 
ion. 03.1.O110 pounds of potato starch. 31.000 gallon, snerm 
oil, 6,T.lO cords wood, 1,200 tons anthracite foal,!;™ 

duci,ig.39 50,1,000 yards of sheeting, shiriing, Ucking. deufmt 
m mo stripes, and cotton flannel. Ther? is a blue-dy i"^ 
estabhshmi.nt, cotton warehouses, repair shops, cuitinl? 
house.,, ami numero,« blocks of dweUing-houses .used f^, 



MAN 



MAN 



in appearance. Ih e « company, «Uh hoU3L« 

?ri„t X^Corporation, proJuco 10,000.000 yards of 

Z of o!her public buildings, a large number "f "■-■»' '";', 

: iv^ i is nStly laid outvvi.h «ide s.rcCs, the pr.nc,pa »e 
bein- m feet wide, extending more than a rode N- ™d S 
the chief part of the other streets intersect .t at ne-arl nght 
^^i:de.urrnnp=^.i.;.Ut.^e.a.«t^ 

^^ing paths and avenues, is situate near '■;;." e 
Tide of a beautiful stream. The t. is connected 1'^ ' " >?^» 

by these -^f; ' ^^^''^^^e gm.th of the city to rapid 

The Ulancheslcr and LanTenee E. K., Loncoru i.. , 
luc wjiiLiic^v diverge from this 

"::;j^r:;;^r;::"oiSfVheeityi^i.htedvvuh 

^^.f'T o ba ,K U e tenche^ter Bank, capital $125,000, 
Unitarian; - i>anKS, III*, iw." ti,,^ "fli-inite 

and the Amoskeag Bank, eapitaUloO,000. The C ramte 

^rner'- (weekly a^ric), -Manchester Messenger" (weck- 
M Ma t h s.^^' ImerLn" (weekly, whi.). " Manchester 
Mrror^^d^O^y^, and "The democrat" (weekly, dem.), are 
published here. Top. of t. 1S,9'>.!. ^ ,,..„. ^ c, £ 
Manchester, p. o., Ocean county, KJei-iom. !,. L. 

'^MTx-cHESTEK.t. and p. v., Ontario county, ^. T. : 18.3 m. 
W by N Albany. Brained by outlet of Cananda.gua 
- Lake. Surface un.lulating ; soil sandy loam and clay, un- 
d^Hid by lime, and very fertile, being well adapted to 
the t There is a sulphur spring in the E. part of town, 
" m: Vhaon Springs, of some celebrily. The v. .., s.tnate 
^n Can-mdai-ua outlet, and contains several churches, 
:Li a woolen faCory. a furnace, B5 dwellings, and about 
2M inhabitants. There are in the t. a number of manufac- 
tories. Pop. oft 2,940. c, u Tf 
MAxent'TEn, p. v., Adams co.. W,;«; 91 m. S. by %V. 
C*™!^^™ ^T^'b- situate on theN. side of the Ohior. 
M."™r.Tr,n. Land p. o.. York co.. Penn.: s.tuate on Ihe 
S side Susquehanna r., between Conewago cr. an.l Codon« 
c;eek, 15 m. S. E. Harrisbnrg. Surface uneven : sod ler- 
lile There are several distilleries, a flour and grist mdl, 
and saw-mills. There is a ho, blast furnace >*">. ate here 
the annual capacity of which is 1,400 tons. Top. of t. 6M9. 
Man, ursr™. p. v- Sumter dist., >«. n„: : 31 m. E. S. E. 
Columbia The Wilmington and Manchester U. R. passes 
itlV, m from Wilmington, and 6 m. from the ranction. 

MANO..STEB, p. v., and c..p. Coffee oo., r,.»». ; on a fork 
of Duck r W. part of county, 49 m. 8. E. ^ ashvdle. 

Mancheste.-.. t., p. v., and cap. Bennington co., Verm: SI 
„ ^ W Montpeli.r. Simate between the Green and I'-qui- 
nox mountains. The scenery is very beautiful. Dramed by 
Ealtenkill r. an.l its branches, which afford P'0<\ ^■'^^r- 
„ower The soil along the water-course is good, but tl e 
principal part of Ihe t. U bet(er a<laptcd t,. grazing than till- 
age There are extensive quarries of beautiful marble, and 
a^so several manufactories, saw-mills and grist-mil s. The 
V i, pleasantlv siluale in Ihe centre of t. on an elevation. 
The Western Vermont K. K. passes through it 30 m. from 
P.utland. I'op. l,7S-2. 



.- 9m.E. 



icatles 



Manc.estee, p. v., Chesl, rfield co., n--(7. •• on the W. 
bank of .James r.. 2 m. bel..w Itiehmond. Mayos Bridgo 
connects the v. with Richmond. It contains severa fa.t*- 
ries and mills, 400 dwellings, and about 2.000 mhabitants. 
immense water-power is furnished by the fulls al_ll"splace. 

Mancuestek Bridge, p. o., Duchess co., A . 5 . : 0-3 m. s. 

Albanv. , x' i- i^i m 

Manchester Centke, p. o., Ontario co., A. 3.. 1^1 m- 

W. liy N. Albany. 
Manchester Station, p.o., Hartford co., (<«'». 

"mIn^ana, p. v., Onondaga co., K Y. : near Ska, 
Lake, 141 m. W. by N. Albany. 

MAKOARiN, p. v., Duval CO., Flo,:: on E. bank of St. 
John's r., 165 m. E. Tallaha.ssee. 

M.vnEViLi.E p. v., St. Tammany par., /,". : on N. banl^ 
of lX Pon^hartrain, 63 m. E. J S. Baton Rouge, and 

13 m. E. Pass Manchac. ■ 07 ,„ N E 

M.vNGomcK, p. 0., King Wdl.am co., T ,,;;..-. m. N. i,. 

~::iET,p.v.,Quecnsco.,:. K. attheheadofCow 

Neck, 127 m. 8. Albany. r ; . 91 n, W S W 

M-vNUATTAN, p. v., Putnam co., M.: 39 m. ^\.S. W. 
Indianapolis, 2 m. W. Eel river. .,..,„ ^ s( bvW 

Manhattan, t. and p. v., Lucas Co., Oh,o .• 1 IT m. N. by W . 
c'umbus. Simate at the mouth of the Maumee r whjeh 
divides it in two parts, and bounded on the N. E b) Man- 
race Bay. Drainid by the Maumee and Ottawa rivers, and 
Te Wabash and Erie Canal terminates here. Surface 
level ; soil fertile. P"p. 541. 
Manhattan island. (,sVfl New Jokk Crr.). 
MANiiATTANViLLE, p. V., New Tork CO., A. 3. . OH the 
Ihfe^l^e Hudson River R, R., S m. fr.im City IM . New 
York 130 S. Albany. Situate on the E. side of the Hudson 
Ivr contains several stores and a white-le,ad factory, etc 
and toere is a flue wharf here. About half a mile distant, 
on an elevation, is the New York Lunatic Asylum^ 

M ^vuEiM, t. and p. v., Herkimer co., .V.- 3. : 6.J m. N. V, . 
All mv Bounded on the S. by the Mohawk r. Drained 
by Eak Canada er., which flows into the Mohawk r Sur- 
faee level; soil rich and very producl.ve on the alluvial 
aTs along the river. It contains several ;•■- -^j;'^^; 
The village is situate in S. part of town, near the line of the 
Utica and Schenectady R. R. Pop. of •; l-»"'^- , 

Manheim, t and p. v., Lancaster CO., P«,». .■ 2om. E S. B. 
Hart h"r.. Drained byGreat Cones.oga and LilOe Cones- 
"■rereeks, which bound it on its E. an,l S. W. sides. Sur- 
f^ee uneven; soil calcareous loam and .-lay It ..s flouring 
gr-is,, and saw mills, and an oil mill. The "Sentinel, a 
w-eekly issue, is published here. Pop. of ,. 2.0s.>. ^ 
Manheim Centre, p. o., Herkimer CO., A. T. . 6d m. 

""■^^^ v.. Biish CO., in,.: on the W. boundary of 
e«'n1v 29 m. S. E. Indianapolis, and on the Rushville and 

Shelbyville R. R., H - <^""4;;;^ 1^ ^ „„ i.„,ver Penin- 

M.vnistee county. il/(C/(. Situati ."«.". o" i^ 
siiia and contaii^ 551 .sq. m. Drained by MamsteeSind 
Mioosic rivers, flowing into Lake Michigan. ,,., N. bound- 
„y. A.,«(.r«; Manistee. Not organized ml --0- 
Manistee, p.o., Manistee county, jr.c/i. . 1-) m. JN. vv. 

Lansing. c;i,,,ale E. on Lake Michigan, 

^J-7^'""r4^Tm Drain dbv Manitowoc, Centre, 

:: E t'l w' T^o; ".-rs^and smaUcr streams. Surface 

■„,! V brnkeii- soils deep ami rich. generaUy day, 

:;S"l:^ 'o :;:ndv'.oam. M^t grains do well, and the 

V u flne II is heavily timbered with pine, oak, 

!;n1m':^e."anVthehi:i».r,rad;isthechiefbusiness. The 

rivtr mrnSsh flne mill-sea.s, and on the lake.t h.as a good 

Lrhor with a irrowing lake trade. Farms ;»; manuf. 22; 

l;w77r',.andpop-wh.3,-0.2,fr.col.0-to.al3,-02. 0,J,i. 

MASiTowoc, I., p. T., and cap. Manitowoc county, TI<sc . 



427 



MAN 



MAP 



lis ra. N. E. Madison. Surface undulating; soil fertile, with 
good timber lands. Drained by Manitowuc- r., which falls hito 
Lake Michigan. The v. at the nimilh of the r. h:is consider- 
able trade, and is indioated as u future place of iniporlanee. 
Exports in I'^ol, $1:^,71 9, and imports. $19,lJlt. Pop. of t. 7tiG. 

Manitowoc Kapids, U and p. o., Manitowoc co., Witc: 
107 m. N. E. Madison. Drained by Manitowoc r. and 
Silver or. Surface undulating; soil fertile, with mucli tim- 
ber land. It ha-s excellent water-power, capal)lc of supply- 
ing a large number of mills. Poj). of t. 900. 

!Mankaiitaii countj', Mini}. Situate N., and contains 
about lS,i:DO .s<i, ni. The territory thus named strefch'Sfroru 
the Mississipi)i to the Missouri, and is drained by Tchan 
Sansan or a'Jaques r., a branch of the Missouri, an'i Red r., 
of the N., flowing into Lake Winnipeg, with their branches, 
and innunn-r.'ible smaller streams. The E. is almost covered 
with small lakes, which abound in fish, and furnish aluuid- 
ance of wild rice. This region is chiefly inhabited by 
Indians, and visited only by hunters and fur traders, who 
collect great numbers of skins and furs for the eastern and 
Europejm markels. Farms 9; manuf. 0; dwell. IC, and 
pop. — wli, 15S, fr. col. — totiU IhB. Not yet organized. 

Manliits, t. and p. o,, Allegan county, Mich.: 73 m. "W. 
Lansing. Druined by Kalamazoo and Rabbit rivers. Sur- 
face undulating ; soil varied — on the banks of the river, rich 
alluvion. There is lumber here in abundance. The v. of 
Richmond is situate in the N. W. part of the t, on the N. 
side of the Kalamazoo r. Pop. of t 82. 

Manlius, t. and p. o.. Onondaga co.. jV; K ; 127 ra. N. W. 
Albany. Drained by Limestone and Chitteuango cr. Sur- 
face level ; soil calcareous loam and vegetal)Ie mold, viry 
productive. The v. is situate in centre, on the Syracuse 
and Utica R. R. There are sulphur springs in the vicinity. 
Pop. of t. 6.293. 

Manlius Crntre, p. v., Onondaga co., K. Y.: on the 
Erie Canal, 129 ra. N. W. Albany. 

Manxy, p. o., Ashe co., N. Car. ; 1S5 m. W. by N. Raleigh. 

Manlyville, p. o.,' Henry co., Term.: 83 m. W. by N. 
Nasliville. 

MAN-NnoKOCGn, p. v., An»elia county, Vtrg.: 2 m. S. 
Appomattox r., and 23 m. S. by W. Rirhmond. 

Mannixgiiam, p. v., Butler ay.^Aia.: near a branch of 
Cedar r., 41 m. S. \V. Montgomery. 

Mannington, p. v., Leon county, Fior. : 5 m. N. E. 
Tallahassee. 

Makn's Choice, p. o., Bedford co., Peim. : 87 m. 8. S. W. 
Harrisburg. 

Masnsvillk. p. v., JeflTerson co., 2^. Y. : 141 ra. N. W. 
Albany. The Watcrtowu atid Rome E. R. passes through 
the village. 

. Ma>tjy, p. v., and cap. Sabino par.. La.: on Bayou 
Haspoon, 5 m. S. Fort Jessup, 1.53 m. N. W. Baton llouge. 

Manona county, la. Situate N. W., and contains 7Sf> 
sq. ra. Drained by Little Lion and Soldier rivers, atnuents 
of the Missouri, its W. boundary. Unorganized in IS.50. 

Manor, t, and p. v., Lancaster co., P/^m. : on the N. side 
of Susquehanna r., 31 m. S, E. Harrisburg. The Conesrogrt 
r. forms ila S. E. boundary, by which an<i its branches it is 
walere.i. Surface hilly ; soil fertile. It has several flouring, 
grist, and saw mills. Pop. of t. 3.S2G. 

.\i ANoit. sta., Suffolk CO., N. Y. : ou the Long Island E. E., 
66 m. E. New York 

Manor IIii-i,, p. 0., Huntingdon cx).,Penn,: 65 m. W. 
Harrislmrg. 

Manorvillr, p. 0., Suffolk CO., K Y. : 131 m. 9. by E. 
Albany. 

Mansfiku>, t. and p. v.. Tolland eo., Conn.: 23 m. E. 
Hartford. Drained by Natrhaug r. and its br;iri«hcs, tribii- 
tariea of Willimantic r., whii-h latter bounds it on the W. 
Surface uneven— in parts hilly ; soil fertile. It has excellent 
waler-power. This t. is important for its silk manufactories, 
which are the most extensive in the United Slates. Besides 
the silk, there urc cotton and other factories in the town. 
428 



The v. is situate on N. side of the t, near the New London, 
Willimanlic, and Palmer R. R., 38 m. N. New Tendon, 
Eagleville is the name of a v. in W. part of t, situate on the 
railroad. Pop. of I. 2,530. 

MANSFtEi.D. p. v., I>e Soto par., La. : on a small cr. flow- 
ing into Big Pierre Lake, 115 m. N. "W. Baton Rouge. It 
contains the court-house of the parish. The "Mansfield 
Advertiser" (lit.) is issued weekly. 

Manskield, t, and p. v., Bristol c©., Ma^. : S4 m. S. by W. 
Boston. Drained by branches of Taunton r. Surface level ; 
soil good. This place bids fair to be of some imi)ortance m 
a coal region. A mine of anthracite coal is situate here 
(discovered 20 years ago), the vein 5 feet in thickness, dip- 
ping to N. "W. ; besides which there are numerous other 
veins. The coal is of fine quality. There are several cotton 
and wool m an u Victories, as also a nail factory. Mansfield 
sta. is in N. part of t., on the Boslon and Providence E. R., 
at which place the New Bedford and Taunton, and Taunton 
Branch E. E. diverges. Pop. of L 1,7S9. 

Mansfield, p. v., Warren co., N. Jer. : 87 ra. N. N. "W. 
Trenton. The Morris Canal passes through the village. 

Manskield, sta.. Cattaraugus co.. K. Y. : on the Coming 
and Blo.'wburg R. R., 25 ra. frora Coming. 

Mansfield, p. o., Henry county, Tenn. : 83 m. "W. by N, 
Nashville. 

Mansfield, p. v., and cap. Eichland co., Ohio: on the 
Sandusky, Mansfield, and Newark E. R., 67 m. N. by E. 
Columbus. It is pleasantly situated, and has a court-house, 
jail, 2 churches, several stores and workshops, and a large 
number of dwellings. There are 5 papers published here, 
the " Eichland Democrat" (dcm.), " Richland Jeffersonian" 
(whig), "Shield and Banner" O'em.), "Mansfield Herald" 
(whig), the "Rainbow" (lit.). Pop. of t. 3 557. 

JL\NSFiELn, p. v., Kendall county, III.: 135 m. N. E. 
Sprintrflcld. 

Mansfield, p, 
Harrisburg. 

Mansfield, p. 
Richmond. 

Mansfield Centre, p. v., Tolland co., Conn.: on the 
cross roads, in S. E. part of Mansfield t., near Natchaug r., 
25 m. E. Harlfonl. 

Mansfield Dep6t, p. v.. Tolland county, Conn, : on the 
New London, Willimanlic, and Palmer R. R., 8S m. N. by W. 
New Lfmdon and 21 m. E. Hartford. 

Mansfield mountains. Verm. : a branch of the Green 
Mountains, which presents some of the loftiest culminations 
in the Stiite. 

Mansker'8 Creek, p. o., Da\idson co., Tenn. : 13 m. N, 
Nashville. 

Mansura. p. v., Avoyelles par., La.: on "W. side of Red 
river, and about 2 m. N. Mississippi r., 53 m. N. W, Baton 
Rouge. 

Manti City, v., Sanpete co., Vtah Tfv.: in a hilly region, 
nearly 5,000 feet above the sea, and 45 m. N. K. Fillmore 
City. 

Manton, p. o., Providence county. It. I.: 11 vn. "W. 
Providence. 

Manton, p. 
Frankfort. 

Mantua, p. 
Montgomery. 

Mantua, p. 
Nashville. 

Manti'a Centre, p. o., Portage co., Ohio: 125 m. N. E. 
Columhus. 

Manville. p. T., Providence co., B. L : on the Blackstone 
river, and line of Providence and "Worcester R. R., 12 m, 
N. Providence. 

Manwaiung's, p. o., Shelby county, IM.: 23 m. S. E. 
Indianapolis. 

MAr>N. p. o.. Panola co., J/it.M. .■133 m. N. .Tackson. 

Mai'li:, p. o., Ionia co., Mic?t. : at the junction of Maple 



. o., Tioga CO., Penn, 

Louisa county, Tlrg. : 3' 



113 m. N. by W. 
N. "W. 



Marion county, A'y. .■ 47 m. S. by W. 
Pickens county, Ala.: liy m. N. W. 
M'Minn county, Tenn.: IQS m. 8. E, 



MAP 



MAR 



river with First cr., brandies of Gratid river, '25 m. N. W. 
Lansing. 

Maple, p. o., Brown co., Ohio : 81 m. S. S. W. Columbus. 

Maple river, Mich, : a considerable stream, rising near 
the centre of Shiawassee co., and pursuing a N. W. course 
through Shiawassee, etc., into Gratiot, and tlien a S. W. 
course through Gratiot, etc., into Ionia co., wiK;re it enters 
the Grand river, about S in. below tho mouth of Looking- 
glass river. It is 60 yards wide at its mouth, and is not less 
than 100 miles long. The bottoms ou this stream are 
exceedingly rich and fertile. 

Maple Bottom, p. o., Iredell county, K. C^ir.: 119 m.W. 
Ealeigh. 

Maple Creek, p. o., "Washington co., Penn.: 169 ra. W. 
TIarrifibarg. 

Mai'le FiruNACE, v., Butler co., Penn. : 169 m. W. N. W. 
Ilarrislturg. There is aeoal blast furnace here (constructed 
in l.S4;3) which has an annual capacity of 1,400 tons. 

Maple Gkove, t, and p. o., Barry county, Mich. : 81 m. 
S. S. W. Lansing. Drained by a small cr., tributary of Big 
ForU of Thorn-apple r. Surface undulating; soil fertile; 
abounds in fine timber lands. Pop. 153. 

Maple Grove, p. o., Aroostook co., J/c. : 133 m. N. K. 
Augusta. 

Maple Gp.ove, ata., Berkshire co., Mams. : on Pittsfleld 
and North Adams It. E., 13 m. Pittsfleld, 107 m. W. by N. 
Boston. 

Maple Gko\t:, p. o., Knox county, Ohio: 35 m. N. E. 
Columbus. 

Maple Gp.ove, p. o., OUego county, ^V. Y.: So m. "W, 
Albany. 

Maple IIill, p. o., Daridsoa co., N'. Car.: 85 m.W. 
Kaleigh. 

Maple Spiungs, p. o., Ked Elver co., Tex. : 235 m. N. E. 
Austin City. 

Maplesville. p. v., Bibb county, Ala. ; on N. side of 
Mulberry cr., 41 m. N. W. Montgomery. 

Mapleton, p. c, AbbeviUe dist., S. Car. : 79 m. W 
Colural)ia. 

Mapleton, p. o., Niagara co., iV. 3' : 271 ra. W. by N 
Albany. 

MapijEton, p. o., "Waukesha county, TI7ic. ; 59 m. E. 
Madison. 

Mapleton, p. o., stark co., Ohio : 25 m. N. E. Ci>lumbu3. 

Mapletown, p. v., Greene co., Pcim, : on Whilelay cr., 
159 m. S. by W. Ilarrisburg. 

Mapleville, p. o.. Providence county, P. I. : 9 m. W. 
Providence. 

Maquoketa, p. v., Jackson county, /(/.: in S. part of co., 
OD a branch of the Maquoketa r., 53 nL N. E. Iowa City. 

MAyroN, p. v., Knox co., IlL : situate in a fertile prairie 
1 m. \V. Spoon r., 73 m. N. N. W. Springfield. 

Map.amec-, p. v., Crawford co., Mo. : situate in an exten- 
sive iron region on the W. bank of the Maramec r,, 52 m. 
S. E. JetTerson City. There is a blast furnace and several 
forges (called ''Massey's Iron Works") in operation, yield- 
ing from l.OOf) to 1,500 tons bar iron aiuuiallyof excellent 
quality. '* Big Spring" (so called, at the junction of the 
inver), affords excellent water-power to the v., on the site of 
■which are several saw and grist mills. 

Map.,ameo river, Mo.: rises in Dent county, whence its 
course is generally N. E. through Crawford and into Frank- 
lin, and thence u passes in an E. and E. N. E. direction 
into Jefferson and St. Louis counties, and fulls into the Mis- 
sissippi about 20 ni. below St. Louis City. Its principal af- 
fluenL'i are Osatre Fork and Big r. from the S. and Bourbeuse 
cr. from the W.. liesides many smaller streams fi'om botti 
directions. The river is about ISO m. long, and navigable 
for steamboaia 0i> miles. 

Mabathon county, WLtr. Situate N. middle, and con- 
tains about 5.100 sq. m. Drained by Wisconsin r and its 
branches, heads of Black and Chippewa rivers, and of 
Montreal r. of Lake Superior. Many of the rivers have 



lakes, or chains of lakes, at their sources, and most furnish 
water-|iower. The surface is much varii-d, and parl.s are 
very hilly. The soil ia various, with much excellent grain 
land, and is generally well limbered. Only the S. is yet 
settled, and that but sparsely. Farms 7; numuf 15; dwell. 
76, and pop. — wh. 503, fr. col. — total 503. C<ipi(al: 
Wassau. 

Makathon, t. and p. v., Cortlandt co,, K. Y.: 123 ra. 
W. } S. Albany. Drained by Tiouglmioga r. and its 
branches, which pass through the town. Surface undulal- 
mg; soil gravelly loam, intermingled witli lime ami slate, 
and very fertile. The v. is situate on the K. side of llie 
Tiouglmioga. Pop. of t. 1,149. 

Mauatuo-n, p. o., Clermont county, Ohio : 85 m. S. W. 
Columbus. 

Mahble Ckeek, p. 0., Jessamine co., ICij. : Sii m. S. E. 
Franklorl. 

Marble Dale, p. o., Litchfield co., Conn.: 87 m.W. 
Hartford. 

Mardle Furnace, p. o., Adamaco., Ohio: 91 m. S. by W- 
Colurabus. 

Marble IIaix, p. c, Hawkins co,, Tenn. : 203 m. E. by N, 
Nashville. 

Mahbleuead, p. 0., Ottowa county, 0?iio : 107 m. N. 
Columbus, 

Marblehead, t, p, v., and port of entry, Essex co,, Mass. : 
14 m, N. E. Boston, Situate on a peninsula formed by the 
harbor of Salem on the N. and Nahant Bay on the S. Sur- 
face elevated and rocky. The v. is pleasantly located on a 
deep inlet of the coast called the harbor, and is accessible 
to the largest vessels ; and a branch of the Eastern K. K. 
comes up here. The people are noted for their devotion to 
the fisheries and coast navigation. The clearances in the 
foreign trade in ISoO numberexl 17G vessels (11,414 trms), 
and the entrances 177 vessels (12,036 tons)— nearly all for- 
eign shipping from the British provmces. Shii>ping owned 
in the district 6.S42 tons, of which 2,23Jg^3 were employed 
in coasting, 2,639 tons in the cod fisheries, and 243 tons in 
the mackerel fisheries, etc. Coasting steamers touch at this 
pninl several times daily. Pop. of the t. 6,1117. 

Map.bleuead, p. o., Gilmer county, Go.: 135 m, N. W, 
Milledgeville. 

Mauble Hill, p. t., Prince Edward Co.. Virg.: on a 
fork of Appomattox r., 99 m. S. W. liichmond. 

Mauble IIill, p. o., Franklin county, I't/tn.: 61 ni. S. 
Nasliviile. 

MAUBLETo^vK, t. and p. v., Ulster county, JV; Y.: 57 m. 
S. by W. Albany. Drained by Esopus cr. on the N. E. and 
Kondout Kill on the S. E., both wliicli afi'ord excellent 
watcr-jtower. The Shawangunk Mountains arc in the S. E. 
part of town. Surface hilly ; soil on the movnitains barren, 
and in the lower parts fertile, being a rleli vegetable mold. 
The v. is situate near Esi>pu9 cr. The t. h:Ls numerous 
mills, tanneries, etc., and 3,339 inhabitants. The Delaware 
anil Hudson Canal passc-s through it. 

Maubuiivville, p. v., St. Tammany par., la.: -m E. 
bank of Tangipalioa r., 43 m. E.% N. Baton Kouge, 

Makcelline, p. o., Adams county, PJ. : 79 m. N. by W. 
Springfielil. 

Mahcellon. t. an<l p. v., Columbia co., Wi.'^c.: 37 ra. N. 
Madison. Drained by branctn-s of Wisconsin r. Surface 
varit->l: soil lerlile. with good timber land. The v. ii^jntlie 
S. E. pari of t., on a branch of Wisconsin r, Tlie t. has ex- 
cellent water-power and some mills. Pop. 5nr>. 

Marcelli'S, p. o., Washington county, la.: 27 m. S. 
Iowa City. 

Marcei.lus, t. and p. v.. Onondaga co., iV. Y.: VM m. 
W. by N. Albany. Drained by Nine Mile cr. Surface un- 
even, in parts hilly; soil calcareous loam, and highly fi-rtile. 
Tip- V. is >ituate on Nine Mile cr. in N, part of t., and on the 
liu.' of the Uoi-lu-ster and Syracuse R, li. There are .several 
mills and lartories in operation. Pop. of I. 2.759. 

MAp.cELLiiti Falls, p. v., Onondaga co., y. Y.: situate 

429 



MAR 



MAR 



aWl 1 m. S. Marcellus on Nine Mile cr., 129 m. W. by N. 
Albany. 

Marchand, p. o., Indiana co., Peim. : 117 m. 'W. by N. 
Harrisburg. 

Marcl'S, p. v., Jackson co., (?«. ; on a fork of the Oconee 
r., S3 m. N. N. W. MUledgeville. 

Marcus Hook, p. v., Delaware co., Penn. : on the Del- 
aware r., 81 m. E. S. E.|Ilarrisburg. It is on the line of the 
Philadelphia, 'WUmington, and Baltimore R. R., 18 m. 
Pliiladplphia. 

Marcv, p. o.. La Grange county, Tnd. : 127 m. N, by E. 
IndianapoHs. 

Marcv, p. v., Waukesha CO., Wise. : on the Milwaukie 
posl-road, (W m. E. Madison. 

Marcv, t. and p. o., Oneida co., 27'. K ; 83 m. W. N. W. 
Albany. Pmined by Nine Mile cr. ; and Mohawk r. bounds 
it on tlie S. Surfarc hilly, the Ilassencloaver Mountain cov- 
ering it in part ; soil clay and sandy loam. Pop. of t, 1.857. 

Makpisville, p. v., Talladega co., Ala.: near Talladega 
river, 113 m. N. Montgomery. A United Slates land office is 
situate hero. There are a number of stores and dwellings 
in the village. 

!Makesoo county. Al-a. Situate 8. "W., and contains 1,08S 
sq. m. Bounded W. by Tombigbee r., and drained by its 
affluents, and E. by affluents of the Alabama. Surface mod- 
erately uneven; soil in parts pine-barrens, but most of it Is 
very fertile. Cotton is the great and almost exclusive 
product. Corn is largely grown in parts; some rice and 
lobac-co is raised; coal and iron ore arc found. Farms SIS; 
manuf. 4; dwell. 1,353, and pop.— wh. T.lHl, fr. col. 37, si. 
20,603— total 27,831. CapiUil : Linden. Pubiic Works : 
Alabama Southern R. E. 

Marengo, p. v., and cap. Iowa co., la, : on S. side of Iowa 
river, 20 ni. W. by N. Iowa City. A post-road passes through 
the v.. connecting with the contemplated line of Ibe Dubuque 
and Keokuk R. R. and Iowa City. Pop. 3S6. 

Marengo, p. o.,'^urena district, S. Car.: 67 m. N. W. 
Columbia. 

Mahenqo, p. v., M'Henry county, JU.: 175 m. N.N. E. 
Springfli-ld, on the Kishwaukee r.. and on the Galena and 
Chicago Union R. R., 66 m. from Chicago. 

Marengo, t. and p. v.. Calhoun co., Mu'k. : 31 m. S. by W. 
Lansing. Drained by Kalamazoo r. and Rice cr., one of its 
branches. Surface undulating; soil of a rich sandy loam. 
There are extensive sand-stone quarries along the banks of 
the river, whic-h here affords exe^'llenl wati-r-powcr. The v. 
lies on the S. gideof the Kalamazoo. The Michigan Central 
R. R. passes through the t on N. side of the r., and a short 
distance from the village, 101 m. "W. Detroit, and 1T7 N. E. 
Chicago. Pop. of t. 1,018. 

Marengo, p. v., Wayne co., 27. Y.: 167 m. W. by N. 
Albany. 

Marengo, p. o.. Morrow co., Ohio: 39 m. N. Columbus. 

Margallaway river. A1 /lamp.: rises in the highlands 
which separate Canada from Maine, and after a short course 
enters the latter; and from thence, after flowing a distance 
of 40 m.. turns into New Ilanipshire, and enters the Andros- 
coggin r. a few miles below Umbagog Lake. 

MARGARKrrA. p. v., Clark co., Ilf. : 3 m. E. North Fork 
Embarras r.. 03 m. E. S. E. Springfield. 

MAnnAREiTA, 8ta., Erie co., Ohio : on the Mad Kivor and 
Lake Erie U. U.. 211 m. Cincinnati. 9T m. N. Columlnis. 

Margakbtta Furnace, p. o.. York eo., Perm. : ^5 m. 
S. E. Ilarrisburg. Tliere is a furnace here with annual 
capacity of 1.200 tons, constructed in 1S23. 

Margareitsville, sta., Northampton co., 27. Car.: on 
the Se:i-ho;ird and KrKinoke R. R., 17 m. N. E. Weldon. 

Mariv Crfek. p. v., Knox co.. Ind. : on a cr. of West 
Fork White river so called. So m. S. W. Indianapolis. 

Maria Korge, p. o., Talladega co., Ala. : 51 m. N. by E. 
Montgomery. 

Martana. p. v., and cap. Jackson co., Flor. : on the 
Chipota r., 63 m. N; W. Tallahassee ; contains the county 
430 



court-home and other public buildings, a number of stores 
and workshops. 

Maria Stein, p.o., Mercer county, Ohio: 139 m.W. N.W. 
Columbus. 

Mariaville, t. and p. o., Hancock co.. Me, : 75 m. N. E. 
Augusta, Drained by Unitm r. and its branches. Surface 
uneven ; soil good. The river affords extensive water- 
power, which keeps several mills in active operation. There 
is a great quantity of lumber sent from here. Potatoes and 
wool are the chief agricultural products. Pop. 37.5, 

Mariatille, p. o., Schenectady co., 27. Y. : 25 ni. W. by N. 
Albany. 

Marietta, p. v., and cap. Cobb co., Ga. : 7 m. W. by N. 
Chattahoochie r., 100 m. N.W. Milledgevilie. The Western 
and Atlantic R. R. passes through it 20 m. from Atalanta. 
It contains the county buildings, 2 academies, and about 150 
dwellings. The"M. Advocate" (dcm.), and "Constitutional 
Union" (union), are issued weekly, and "Masonic Journal," 
monthly. The business of a fine agricultural region centres 
at this point Georgia Military Institute is located here. 

Marietta, p. v., Fulton co., PL : on S. side Sheen's cr., 61 
m. N. W. Springfield. Situate on a fertile prairie. 

Marietta, p. o., Onondaga county, 27. Y. : 137 W, by N* 
Albany. 

Marietta, p. v., Shelby county, Tnd. : on the E. branch 
White r., 27 m. S. E. Indianapolis, and on the Shelbyville 
Lateral Branch R. R., 7 m. from Edinburg. 

Marjetta, t., p. v., and cap. Washington co., 07iio: 87 m, 
S. E. Columbus. Its W. part is crossed by the Muskingum 
river at its entrance into the Ohio river. The Ohio bounds 
it in the S. W., and it is drained by Duck cr. and Little 
Muskingum r. The streets are well laid out and thickly 
built. There is a court-house, jail, U. S. land office, a bank- 
ing establishment, all handsomely built, and forming orna- 
ments to the place. Several mounds are found in the 
vicinity. The Marietta College is situate here, founded in 
lSo.5. having (in 1850) a president, 6 professors. 113 alumni, 
of whom 44 are in the ministry, and 55 students, with a 
library containing 0,400 volumes. The t. was founded in 
17SS, and is the oldest in the State. There are a number 
of steam saw-mills, flouring-mills, tanneries, foundries, and 
<»lher factories here. The v. is pleasantly situate on the N. 
bank of the Ohio r., at the mouth of the Muskingum river. 
There are two newspapers ]>ublisbeil in the village, the 
" M. Intelligencer" (whig), and the " M. Republican" (dem.), 
both weekly issues. Marietta is destined to be a place of 
considerable business, and its future railroad connections 
will give it direct access to the principal centres. Several 
steamboats are owned here, and ply regularly to Pillshurg, 
Cincinnati, etc. Pop. of the t. 4,292, of which 3,133 are in 
the village. 

Marietta, p. o., Itawamba county, Jfi^s. : 159 m. N. E. 
Jackson. 

Mariktta, p. b., Lancaster county, Penn.: 25 m. S. E. 
Harrisburg. on the E. bank of Susquehanna r., and near 
the mouth of Little Chiques cr. It contains about 1,000 in- 
habitants. 

Marin county, Cal//. Situate W. middle, and contains 
516 pq. m. Boun<ied W. by the Paeiflc, and E. by Pablo 
Bay, and lies on the N. side of the entrance to San Fran- 
cisco Bay. The streams are small, American river flowing 
W.. and IVtalunia cr. S. E., are the principal. The surface 
is broken witli extensive valleys. Soils very productive of 
wheal and most other grains, and generally well wooded. 
Pop. about 1,036. Capital: San Raphael. 

Marine Mili.9, p. v., St. Croix co., Wise: on E. side of 
St. Croix r., 225 m. N. W. Madison. 

Marine Sbttlrment, p. o., Madison co., ///..* 71 m. S. 
Springfield, near Silver cr., on a rich and fertile prairie. 

Marion county, Ala. Situate N. W., and contains 1.033 
sq. m. Drained by Buttahalchio r. of the Tomliigbee, Big 
Bear cr. of the Tennessee, and E. by Nine Island cr. Sur- 
face rolling or slightly broken ; soil of moderate fertility, 



MAR 



MAR 



best filled for grazing. Corn, wheat, and coNon arc raised, 
but cattle aud pork are leadinf; products. It is well wooded 
with oak, pine, hickory, and chestnut. Farms 573; nianuf. 
5: dwell. l,lliS, and pop.— wh. 6,922, fr. col. 3, si. yOS— total 
7jS33. Capital: Pikeville. 

Marion county, Arl: Situate N. middle, and contains 
537 sq. in. Drained by Crooked cr. and other branches of 
■While r., whitdi flow S. K. through it. t>nrfaeo varied; 
soil very lertile and excellent grazing. Corn is the chief 
crop, and iive-stoek and pork the exports. White river is 
navigable to this co.. and is skirted with noble furosta of 
pine timber, and its branches furnish good mill-seats. 
Farms 255; nianuf. 2; dwell. 3iU, and pop.— wh. 2,04T, 
fr. col. 129, si. 120— total 2,302. Oipit'il : Yellville. 

Mauion county, Fh>r. i^iiuate on N. part of the penin- 
sula, and eunlains 3,1*27 sq. ni. iii;.iiipd V., hy Ocklawaha 
r., a brancli of St. John's r., and S. W. by Wlthlaeoochee r. 
Surface low and level, with nuniemus lakes and swamps; 
soil exceedingly fertile, produeiiig large crops of cotton, 
sugar, and corn, and raising many semi-lropioal fniits and 
vegetables in profusion. It has extensive forests of valuable 
live oak, cedar, and cypress timber, and in parts fine water- 
power. Sulphur and magnesia springs of great medicinal 
virtues attract many invalids who seek a mild climate, and 
salt springs are found. Farms 829 ; manuf. ; dwell. 394, 
and pop.— wh. 2,063, fr. col. 1,81. 1,269— total 3,33S. CajntiU: 
Ocola. 

Mauion county, Gii. Situate S. "W., and contains 519 
sq. in. It litis midway between Chattahoochee and Flint 
rivi-rs, and is drained by small branches of both, N. and S. 
"Whitewater creeks being the largest. Surface moderately 
hilly ; «oil fertile. Cotton is the chief product, and the crop 
a very largo one. Corn is an average crop, and wheat not 
much grown. Grazing is generally good, and cattle and 
swine reet-ive much attention. Farms 5*5:5; manuf. 4; 
dwell, l.lin, and pop.- wh. 6.563. fr. col. 3, si. 3,Cii4— total 
lO.lSO. Capital : Tazewell. Ptcldic M'orks : Muscogee R. R. 

Makios county. III. Situate S. centrally, and contains 
576 sq. m. Drained by Crooked cr. and E. fork of tlie 
K;isUasliia. and E. by Adam's and Skillelt forks of the 
Lillle Wal)ash. Surface gently undulating, and soil of good 
fertility. It lies on the E. side of the Grand Prairie, and is 
largely made up of prairie, with wood on the streams, 
which aflord some good mill-seats. Com is the staple. Cattle 
are raised in hu-ge numbers, and pork is an important 
export, r.ituminous coal and water-lime are found. Farms 
827; manuf.9; dwell. 1,132, and pi>p.—wh. 6.716, fr. eol. 4— 
total 6,720. Capital: Salem. Public WorKs : Ohio and 
Missis-ipjii E. E. ; Chicago Branch of Illinois Central 
Railroad, etc. 

Marion county, Ttid. Situate centrally, and contains 316 
sq. m. Drained by W. fork of White r., Fall, Eagle, and 
other creeks. Surface beaulifidly rolling ami diversified l)y 
slight elevations toward the streams. Prairie bottoms and 
woodianil are pleasantly mingled. Soil generally a black 
loam. niiX'd with sand or clay, and resting on limestone, 
and is V'-ry frtile. Com, wheat, and oats are all l;irge 
crops, and the chief farming products. The grazing is very 
fine; cjiMIe and sheep are raised in great numbers, and 
pork is a largo export. It has much water-power, ar.d very 
e^xlensive manufiietures of woolen and cotton gou<ls, flour, 
lumber, leather, liquors, oil, earthen- ware. etc. Farms ]/»Sl ; 
manuf. 179; dwell. 3.tfi4. and pop.— wh. 2U,453, fr. cfil. 650— 
total 24.103. Cipital : Indianapolis. PuhUc Workfi: 
Madison and Indianapolis R. P.; Indiana Central E. R.; 
Torre M:uile and Riehmond E. R. ; Lafayette R. R. ; 
Indianapolis ami Peru R. K. ; and Indianapolis Belle- 
funiaine P. P.; .TelTi-r^onville E. P., etc., all of which centre 
here at the union dep6t. 

Marion county. la. Situate S. centrally, and contains 
57t> sq. m. Drained by the Des Moines and its branches, 
Coal, EngliMh. and Cedar creeks, and WhiUbreast r. ; 
tkunk r. touches the N. E. corner. Surface somewhat 



broken; soil fertile, adaph-d equally to grass and grain. 
Corn, wheat, live-stock, and pork are the leailing products 
of the farm. It has excellent water privileges, growing 
manufactures, and much fine timber. Coal and iron ore 
are found near the Des Moines. Farms 342; manuf. 24; 
dwell. 930, and pop.— wli. 5,453, fr. col. 29— total 5,4.52. 
Capital: Knoxville. 

Mauion county, IC>/. Situate centrally, and contains 
332 sq. m. Drained by Rolling Fork of Salt r., a l)raneh of 
the Ohio, Surface uneven, but not rough; soils generally 
fertile. Corn and wheat are the staple cereals. Rye, oats, 
and tobacco are successfully cultivated. Large numbers of 
sheep are kept, and a good deal of pork exporter!. This 
region is stocked with fine horses, which are much attended 
to and furnish Eastern markets largely. Water-jiower is 
plentiful, and manufactures an important interest. Farms 
963 ; manuf 47 ; dwell. 1,42S. an<l pop.— wh. 8,599, fr. eol. SO, 
si. 3,0S6— total 11,7(35. Capital : Lebanon. PnUic WorLs : 
Danville and Nashville R. R., etc. 

Makion county, J/ifjJi. vSituate S.. and contains 1,,544 sq. m, * 
Drained by Pearl r. and its branches. Surface level or 
undulating; soil sandy and of no great fertility, except 
on the streams, where is much excellent land. Cotton 
and com are the stai)les. Rice is grown in the marshes. 
Great numbers of cattle and swine are reared, and fi'rm the 
leading interest of the eo. It is well timbere«l wiih pine. 
Farms 322; manuf. 7: dwell. 377. and pop.— ^vh. 2,215, fr. 
Col, 0, si. 2,195— total 4.410. Capital: Columbia. 

Marion county, M<>. Situate N. E., and contains 423 
sq. m. Drained by N. and S. Fabius and N. and S. two 
rivers and their branches, allluents of the Mississippi, its E. 
Ixiundary. Surface moderately uneven; soil very rich. 
Corn, wheat, oats, and potatoes yield great crops, and the 
pasture is very fine. Live-stock, beef. wool, and pork are 
exported. It has excellent mill streams and very important 
mamifaetures, and abonruls in timber, bilumuions co;d, and 
lead. Salt springs are found. Farma SIO; manuf. 75; 
dwell. 1,.595, and pop.— wh. 9,322, fr. col. TG, si. 2.^3*^— total 
12.23i». Cai'ital: Palmyra. 

Mahion county, Ohio. Situate N. centrally, anrl contains 
303 sq. m. Drained by Scioto r. and its branches. Rush cr. 
and Whetstone r. Surface mostly a level tal>le land; soil 
very productive, adapted to grass or grain. Corn, wheat, 
rye, oats, and potatoes produce largely. It is a superior 
grazing co., supports fine dairies and large numhers of cattle 
and sheep, anil exports live-stock and |""'k to a large 
amount. It has also good water-power, and eonsiiierable 
manufactures of flour, leather, ami woolens. Farms 919; 
nianuf. 14; dwell. 2.15S, and pop.— wh. 12.;.97. Ir. eol. 21— 
total 12.G1S. Capital: Marion. Public Work^i : Bellefon- 
taine and Indiana R. R. 

Mauion county, Ort^g. T<^i\ Situate centrally, and con- 
tains 21,00(1 sq. m. It has Clackamas co. on the N., Polk 
on the W., and Linn on ilic S., and is drained by branches 
of the Willamette, its W. boundary. Rutte, Aherque, Silver, 
and Mill creeks, and N. fork ofSatitiam r. Surface diversi- 
fied; extensive an<l very rich valleys in Ihe W.. and in the 
E. elevated and inount.-iinou'*: soil in the IviiIotiH a black 
vegetable loam ; in higher lands a stifl' day or loose gravel, 
moslly very produ<-tive. All kirid.s of gr.'iin except com 
grow flni-ly. and fruits and vegeuihle.s are abundant. It has 
the best of timber, pine, fir, s]iruce. and rmk. :mrl very 
superior water-power. l''arms 2Ii3; manuf 11; dwell. 502, 
and pop.— wh. 2,740, fr. col. 9— total 2.749. Capital : Salem. 

Marion district, N. f'ar. Simale E.. ami conlains 1,033 
sq. m. Draim-d l)y (Jreat and Little Pedee rivers, and 
Lyncli's cr. and their linmehe^. Lumber r. and .Telfries and 
Catfish creeks. Surfai-e level, inurh of it low atifl marshy; 
soil generally of good f. rtijii>. and many parts best adapted 
to grazing. Corn .md ecih-n ^jre the principal emp-j. The 
niar-slies produce i-on-idrrahle rice. Many cattle are raised 
and great (juaniiiies of jjorU I'llted. It has a large growth 
of pileh'pitie timber. Farms 1,374: manuf. 0; dwell, 1,>>5G, 

4;^>1 



MAR 



and Pop.--«h. 9,784, ft-, col. 103, si. 7.620-total 17,4ur. 
Sesu;i-. k"™- ^"*'" '^'"'"■' ^"■"'"8'°n='»<l Mon- 
Mak.on oounly, Ttnn. Situate S. E., and contains 538 
sq. m Drained by Iho Tennes.see and its branches, Se- 
quatcliy r., Ljltle Sequalchy, and B»tlle creoks. .^urraVe 
elev.ate, and broken ; soil fertile and flnc p,usture land. 
Corn wheat and oats are Iho staple grains. Great nnn.b.rs 
Of cattle and swine arc reared, an,l live-stuck and p..rk are 
heavy cvporl.,. Farms 724; n)anuf. 9; dwell. 957, and 
pop.-wh. 5,720, fr. cnl *J, si. SSl-lolal ti,314 CujMd- 
Jasper. Public Work.: Nashville and Chaltanooga K. It 

Marion county, Virg. Situate N. W., and contains 163 
sq. m Drained by Monongahela r., E. and W. lorks, and 
Buffalo cr. Surface elevated and uneven ; soil vcrv fertile 
and excellent grazing land. Corn, wheat, oats, and potatoes' 
are raised largely, and great numbers of oatlle, sheep and 
ewine are reared. K has fine water-power and extensive 
manufactories of iron, flour, woolen goods, leather, liquor, 
etc- Iron ore and coal are found in abundance in parts of 
he CO. Erected in 1S42 from Harrison and Monoix-alia 
larnis 9»4; nianuf. 41; dwell. 1,786, and pop.-wh. lIU'Ss" 
fnco.20,sl.94-totall0,552. a,/.«a^; Fairmount PuUic 
lions: Baltimore and Ohio K. E. 

M.VRIO.V, p. v., and cap. Perry county, Ala. : on E. side 
^\ as ungion cr., CI m. W. N. W. Montgoraerv. It contain, 
a college, a theological seminary, several .schools, a court- 
house, and about IfiU inhabitarils. The '■ South-Westem 
Baptist" (Baptist) and " Al.ahama Commonwealth," weeklv 
issues, are published here. Howard College, situate here 
was founded in 1841 ; in 1850 it had a president. C professors 
29 alumni^ ss students, and a library of 2,200 volumes ; and 
Howard 1 lieological Instihition was founded in 184:3- in 
ISoO ith.id a professor and 13 students, and a library of 
about 1,000 volumes. Both are Baptist schools. 

JI.VMON, p. v., and cap. Crittenden co., ky.: 1S7 m 
W. S. W. Frankfort. It contains a court-house, several 
stores, and workshops. 

Marion, sta., Shelby county, Ind.: on the Knightstown 
and Shelbyvillc E. E., 4 m. N. Shelbyvillc, 25 m S E 
Indianapolis. 

Mar,o.v. p. v., and cap. Twiggs co., Ga. : near a branch 
of the Ocnmlgee r., ,32 m. S. W. Milledgeville 

.MAP.I0.V p. v., Williamson co.. III.: on a branch of Bi- 
Muddy r., 145 m. S. S. E. Springfield. 

Marion, p. v., and cap. Grant Co., Ind. .- on the Missis- 
sinewa r., S9 m. N. E. In.lianapolis. The " Whig Thermom- 
eter (wing) is issued weekly. Pop. 703. 

Marion, p. v., an<l cap. Linn co., I„. : on a fork of Cedar 
r. in eeutre of co., 23 m. N. Iowa City. The v. is silnaled 
on tile edge of a beautiful grove, and contains several stores 
eaw-mills, etc., and the county offlecs. ' 

Marion, p. o., Union par., La.: 1C9 m. N. W. Eaton 
Eouge. 

Marion, Land p. v., Washington CO., J/;...- 120 m E N E 
Augusta. It has on its W. a large pond which separates it 
from Mechisses p., and by which it is drained. Surface 
hilly ; soil variable, chiefly good. It has several saw-mills. 
The v. IS situate on N. E. part of L, on the post-road leading 
to Dcutiyville. Pop. of t, 3117. 

Marion, p. v., and cap. Angelina co., Te:t. : on S. bank 
of Angelina r., 2ll9 m. E. N. E. Austin Cit.v. 

Marion, t. and p. o., Livingston Co., J/ic;i. .- 81 m. S E 
Lansing. Drained by a number of small streams, tributa- 
ries of Shi.-iwassee and Cedar rivers. Surface generally un- 
dulating; soil fertile. There .are several small iionds in 
S. part. Pop. S73. 

Marion, p. v., and cap. Lauderdale co., Mim.: at the 
Head of Oflibbcha cr., 89 m. E. bv N. Jackson. 

Marion, p. v., and cap. Cole co.. Mo. : on Uie S. bank of 
the Miss.,nri r., 5 m. N. by W. Jefferson City. 

Marion t. and p. v., Waj-nc Co., .\'. ): .- 183 „,. w. N. W. 
Albany. Brained by a branch of Mud cr. Surface much 



MAR 



broken by hills and ridges; soil fertile, and well adapted to 
gr...n. 1 he v.i, situate eenlrally. There ia a steam-fiir. 
naec, grist-mill, and tannery here. Pop. of L 1 S89 

r, rt^r',,'"',?'' '■■•,""" ""P- *'■"'">•'■» "^0-. ■A'. Car'.: near a 
fork of the Catawba r., 190 m. W. Kaleigh. 

Marion, p. v.. and cap. .Marion co., 0)Uo:i\ m X bv W 

C olumbus. Drained by a fork of the Scioto r, which p..«scs 

through its W. part. Surface level ; soil fertile. tJ.c I 

I situate in .S. part of t and contains many line buildi,,.^ the 

most conspicuous of which are the court-house, iaii'-.nd 

churches. Thereare also tanneries, grist-mill,,saw-mi,|J .;"d 

pS:"^iri:^^:'2r^f'^""^-°"''"=^-'(^-) 

H^'^rburg.'^- "■''""'"" '"•■^^""■••^^-^•S-W. 

Mario.n, p. o., Hartford co., Cor,,,.: 7 m. N. Hartford 
Marion, p. v., and cap. Smyth co., iv,-,, - on s siH„ 
middle fork Holston r., 237 m. W. S. W. Eiehm„"d Th 
\ irginia and Tennessee It. E. passes through the village 

Makion, p. o., Kenosha county, ir«e..- 77 m. S E 
-Madison. 

Marion Crrv, p. v., Marion co., Mo. .• 93 m N E 
Jefferson City, on the W. bank of the MissLssippi'r, 7 m. 
below Quincy, and 7 m. E. Palmyra, the captol of tte 
county, for which latter place it is the shipping port. The 
country round about is very rich, and abounds in excellent 
timber and coal It contains several steam, saw, and o^^te 
mills, and has about 600 inhabitants. 

„ '^^'"'"f *;;?" P- ■'•' "■"' •="''• '^"'™ *"-. S. Ca,:: on 
m'^' w iS °^'"'^'' "■' "" """'™' "' G^eat Pedee Eiver, 
, : Z'^- ^- '^""™'''"- '^'"' Wilmington and Man! 
Chester E. E. runs through the v. It contains a court-ho,^ 
jail several stores, and dwelhngs. The "Marion Star" 
(ind.) IS issued weekly. 

IUrion Mili.,, p. o., Washington co.. Me. - lis m r 
Augusta. ■ 

Mabjosa county, Ca!!/. Situate S. middle, and contains 
about 16,000 sq. m. It lies E. of the Coast Ean<'e, and ex! 
tends to the E. line of the State. The U. W. part is drained 
. by the San Jo.-iquin and its branches, and forms the head 
of the San Joaquin valley. This part is rich in gold mines 
which are much wrought, and vcrv productive. The soil 
! here is very fertile. The Sierra Nevada, or SnowT Mount- 
ains .and their spurs, occupy a large part of the N E and E 
of the county, p.-Lssing through it in a S. S. E. direction' 
Between them and the Coast Kange in the S. is a I-irge 
basin, drained by numerous sm.ill rivers, emplyini' into 
Tulare Lake, a sheet of water 50 miles long, and uror 1" 
broad In this basin is excellent grain and grassland, but 
little of which IS under cultivation. 

Mariposa, p. v., and cap. Mariposa Co., Cali/. .- on the S 
bank of a r. so called, an aniuent of the San Joaquin It is 
a growing place, and in common with an exu-osive tract 
around ,t, is owned by Colonel Fremont The quartz in 
Uiis region is highly auriferous, and is attraeUng the atten- 
tion of capitalists and miners. 

Marissa, p. v., St. Clair, co.. m. : situate on the horde, 
of a ferile prau-ie, S. E. part of county, 109 miles S. 
J^prinsni'lu. 
MAR1T-.S, p. 0., Morrow co., Ohio: 39 m. N. Columbus. 
Markesam, p. 0., .Marquette county. Wise: 45 m N 
.Madison. 

-Markesdorocqii, p. 0., Warren co., JT. Jer.: mm ^ 
Trenton. 

-M.vntsvii.Ln, p. v., and cap. Avoyelles par., Za. ■ ne.-tr 
Lake Pearl, 67 m. N. W. Baton Eouge. It is the seal of tlie 
parish cfiurl-house. 

MARKSV11.I.E, p. v.. Page co., Tirg.: in a valley of the 
Blue Lidgc -Mountains, which fonn the E. boundary of the 
CO., 85 m. N. W. Eielimond. 

Marhioro', p. o., Carroll CO., Term. .- 83 m W bv B 
Nashville. - . o. 



MAR 



MAR 



Maklboboucii disirict, S. Car. Situate N. E.. and con- 
tains 44S sq. m. Bounded "VV. hj the Great Pedee, and 
drained by its branches, and E. by heads of Little Pedee. 
Surface elevated and somewhat uneven. Soil generally 
fertile. Cotton is the chief product. Corn is a good crop, 
and larace nmnbers of hogs are reared. It has fine water 
privilcgee, and valuable manufactures of cotton goods and 
flour. Farms. (VJl ; manuf. 2^; dwell. O'ii), and pop.— wh. 
5,033, fr. col. 156, si. 6,cdo— total lOJSO. Cnjntal: Bennets- 
ville. 

Maklborouch. p. o., Uartford co., Coim. : 5 m. Tlartford. 

"Marleorougii, t. and p. v., Middlesex eo., ^(/*.?.; 25 m. \V. 
Bosl'ui. Drained by branches of Concord r., and a number 
of small ponds. Surface undulating, and soil very fertile. 
Agricultural pursuits are the chief employment of the in- 
habitants. Products of tlie t, are large, consisting of cattle, 
pork, the dairj*. etc., which are sent to Bi>ston market chiefly 
by the Lancaster and Sterling Branch R. K., wliich passes 
through the N. W. part of t., at Fcltonville, and coimecia 
with road to the city. "Manufactures of i. consist of booLs, 
shoes, and cabinet-ware. The v. is pleasantly situated, sur- 
rounded by beautiful scenery. Pop. of t 2.9-lL 

Marlbokough, t. and p. v., Cheshire county, JV. Ramp. : 
41 ni. S. W. Concord. Drained by branches of Ashnelot r. 
Surface uneven; soil rocky, but good for grazing. There 
are a number of small ponds in the t. There are several 
mills, manufactories, and workshops. The v. is in "W. part, 
and Uirough it the Cheshire E. E. passes, distant 3G ra. 
from Fitchburg. Pop. of t. 386. 

MARLBOEoucn, p. 0., Monmouth co., K. Je7\ : 81 m. E. 
Trenton. 

Marlborouoh, t. and p. v., Ulster co., N. Y. : 69 m. S. 
Albany. Drained by Old Man's Kill, flowing into the Hud- 
son r., which latter bounds it on theE. Surface very uneven ; 
soil clay loam, and veiy fertile. The v. is situate near the 
Hudson r. and Old Man's Kill. It contains several lumber 
yards, manufactories, etc Pop. of t. 2,405. 

MARLBonouGH, t. and p. v., Stark co., OJtlo : 107 m. IT. E. 
Columbus. Drained by several small streams. Surface 
uneven; soil very good, abounding with beech and sugar 
maple. The v. in N. E. part of L is a thriving settlement 
Pop. of t. 2,133. 

MART,iioEOUGn, t. and p. c, Chester co., Penn. : 63 m. S. E. 
IIarrisl>urg. Drained by several small streams flowing into 
the Delaware. Surface rolling ; soil, red shale. Iron ore 
is found in the vicinity. 

Marlborougu, t. and p. v., Windham co.,Fc;vn. ; 99 m. 
S. Moutpelier. Drained by a branch of "West r. and Whet- 
stone brook. Surface rolling; soil fertile, and very pro- 
ductive of all kinds of grain, fruit, and potatoes. There are 
some mineral and medicinal springs m the t ; and it hua 
several stores, mills, and workshops. The v. is in N. part 
of t,, through which the Brattleboro' and Bennington post- 
road passes. Pop. of L S96. 

Marlbeook, p. 0., Hraipstead co.,Ari;: 115 m. S. W. 
Little Eock. 

Marley's Mills, p. o., Eandolpb co., A'i Cor. : 71 m. W. 
Ealeigb. 

Marlin Bottom, p. o., Pocahontas co., H/v. -' 147 in. 
W. N. W. Eichmond. 

Marlow, t. and p. v., Cheshire CO., 2f. Ramp. : W. by S. 
Concord. Drained by Ashuelot r. Surface level ; soil good. 
The v. is situate N. of the r. The t has several mills and 
workshops. Pop. 70S. 

Maklton, p. o., Burlington eo., J<r. J. : 25 m. S.Trent«n. 

Marple, t. and p. o., Delaware co., Perm.: S3 m. E. 8.E. 
Ilarrisburg. Pop. 902. 

Marquette county, J//o/r. Situate N. W. on Upper Pe- 
ninsula, and contains o.S'^O sq. ra. It touches Lake Superior 
on the N. E., and is drained by Esconaba, Ford, and 
heads of Menomonee r., flowing into Green Bay and Stur- 
geon and Ontonagon rivers of Lake Superior. Surface 
diversified, but not rugged or very hilly. Soil of moderate 

2S 



fertility, covered largely -wiLh immense f. iresls of pine, which, 
ci^iistitute ihe eliict wealili of tbi^ region. The streanis'are 
small, but are suj^jiose^ to furnish abundant water-power to 
work up the timber which must, ere long, be verj' valuable. 
It is little visited except by hunters and ibr traders. Unor- 
ganized in 1S50. 

MABQtrETTE county, Wise. Situate S. centrally, and con- 
tains SOO sq. m. Drained by the Neenah or Fox r. and ita 
branches. In the S. are 3 large ponds, Buffalo, Puekaway, 
and Green lakes ; and the streams furnish mucli water- 
power. Surface beautifully diversified ; soil of great fer- 
tility, producing grass or grain in profusion, and famishing 
excellent pasturivge. Corn, wheat, live-stock, and pork, are 
the leading products. .The facilities for manufacturing arc 
very superior, and good timber is abundant Farms 327; 
mamif. 7 ; dwell. 17 TS, and pop.— wh. 8,622, fr. col. 20— total 
8,(U2. OipiUil: Marquette. 

MAR<iiTF,TTE, t., p. V., and cap. Marquette co.,Wisc.: 45 
ra. N. Madison. Drained by Neenah r., a tributary of Wis- 
consin r. Surface even ; soil excellent. Puckaway Lake, an 
expansion of Neenah r., bounds the t. on the N. The v, is 
pleasantly situated on the S. bank of the lake. Population 
of L 240. 

Mabquette, L and p. o., Marquetto CO., Mkh, : 239 m. 
N. W. Lansing. Pop. 130. 

Mariottsville, p. o., Anno Arundel co., 3fd.: 25 m. 
N. W. Annapolis. 

Marrow' RONE, p. v., Cumberland co., A'y. ; 97 m. S. by W 
Frankfort. 

Mars, p. v., Bibb co., Ala. : in N. W. part of co., 73 m. 
N. W. Montgomery. 

Maes Bluff, p. v., Marion dist, S. Cur. : on the E. side 
of Great Pedee r., SI m. N. N. E. Columbia. The WU- 
mington and Manchester R. R. passes through the v. 101 m. 
Wilmington, and Gl miles from the junction. 

Marseilles, p. v., La Salle, co., Ill,: on the N. side Illi- 
nois r., at the Grand Eapids, 113 m. N. E. Springfield. An 
immense water-power for manufacturing purposes is af- 
forded by the rapids, on which there are a number of lum- 
ber and tlour mills, etc. The Illinois and Michigan Canal 
runs through the village. 

Marseilles, p. v., Noble co., Ind. : on llie Fort Wayne 
and Ontario postrroad, 123 m. N. N. E. Indianapolis. 

Maeseilles, t. and p. o., Wyandott eo., Ohio: 53 ra. N. 
by W. Columbus. Drained by branches of Tyenochee r. 
Surface level, or table land ; soil fertile. Pop. 539. 

Marsh, p. o., Chester county, Petm.: 59 ra. E. by S. 
Harrisburg. 

Maeshall county, Ala. Situate N. E., and contains 643 
sq. m. Drained N. by the Tennessee and its branches; S. 
by Mulberry and Locust forks of the Black Warrior. Sur- 
face uneven, in paris broken ; soil very productive. C'»>tton 
is the great staple, and the crop very large. Cnm yields 
well generally, and pork is a considerable export. It has 
fine water privileges, au>l valuable and increasing manu- 
factures. Farms 536; manuf. 12; dwell. 1,301, and pop. 
— wh. 7,053. fr. col. 25, si. SOS— total 8,^6. CapiUil: War- 
renlon. Public Works: Alabama and Tennessee Eiver 
Railroad. 

Mar.sii.ixl coimty, 777, Situate N. centrally, and contains 
472 sq. m. Intersected by the Illinois, and drained by its 
branches, Crow, Sand, and Senachwinc creeks. Surface 
level or gently undulating. Soil very rich, consisting of 
large prairies, and heavily wooded alluvial bottoms. Com 
and wheat are the leading ccops. The pasturage is superior, 
and raising cattle and slieep nmeh attended to. Farms 464 ; 
manuf. 11; dwell. 910, and pop.— wh. 5,178, fr. col. 2 — 
total5,lS0. Capital: Lacon- Pulldc Wor&s: IllinoisCen- 
tral R. R. 

>LvEsnALL county, ImJ. Situate N. middle, and contains 
442 sq. m. Drained by Yellow r. centrally, and Pine cr. 
N. W., branches of Kankakee r., and S. E. by Tippecanoe 
r. Surface mostly level, soinctimea roUing, and about one 

433 



•it 



MAR 

half good timber land. Soil fertile, and adapted fur fitrming 
in aU its branchee. Coru and wheat, live-sloek and wool, 
are produced, Water-power is plentiful, and iron ore abun- 
dant. Farms 570 ; manuf. 10 ; dwell. 92S, and pop,— wh. 
5,:U6, fr. col. 2— total 5,34S. O/pitul : Plymouth. 

Mai:shall count}", la. Situate centrally, and contains 
57G sq. m. Drained by the Iowa and its branches. Surface 
Elighily uneven ; soil fertile, and finely adapted to grazinj?. 
It has exceilout mill streams and abundance of timber. 
Farms ai; raanuf. 0; dwell. 62. and pop.— wh. 33S, fr. col. 
0— total 33S. CapiUil: Timber Creek. 

Marshall county, Ky. Situate \V., and contains 27S sq. 
m. Bounded N. and E. by the Tennessee, and drained by 
Ite affluents, Clark'S r. and Jonathan's cr. Surface diversi- 
fied, and ill parts hilly; soil very productive. Corn, wheat, 
oats, and tobacco, are the agricultural products. Pork is 
exported in large quantities. Water-power is plentiful, and 
manufactures increasing. Farms 415; manuf. 7; dwell. 8G5, 
and pop.— wh. 5,020, fr. coL 0, si. 249— total 5,269. .Capital: 
Benton. 

Marshall county, Miss. Situate N., and contains S06 
SQ. m. Brained IJ. by "Wolf cr. and branches of Cold "Water 
r., affluwils of the Mississippi, and S. by Taliahateliie r., a 
branch of the Yazoo. Surface rolling, or moderately uneven ; 
soil fertile. The staple products are cotton and com, which 
are excellent crops. Wheat, oats, and potatoes are success- 
fully cultivated, and large numlicrs of neat cattle and swine 
are raised, the latter furnishing a considerable export It 
tas extensive manufactories of cotton and woolen goods, 
flour, lumber, and leather. Fanns 1,611; manuf 54^ dwell. 
2,806, and pop.— wh. 14.271, fr. col. 1, si. 15,417— total 29,639. 
Capital: Holly Springs. 

Makshall county, Tcnn. Situate S. centrally, and con- 
tains 267 sq. m. Drained by Duck r., a branch of the 
Tennessee, and its aiHuents. Surface diversified, in parts 
somewhat broken ; soil highly productive. Com is the 
staple cereal, and a very heavy crop. Wheat, cotton, oats, 
and tobacco are aU profitalile crops. It is also a supe- 
rior grazing county, and feeds large numbers of cattle and 
cheep, besides exporting a great deal of pork. Good mil! 
streams arc numerous, and occupied by many small manu- 
factories. Farms 1,032 ; manuf. 88; dwell. 2,001, and pop. 
— wh. 11.916, fr. col. 66, si. 3,634— total 15,616. Capital: 
Lewisburg. 

Marshall county, Yirg. Situate N. W., and contains 
871 sq. ra. Drained by Wheeling, Big and Little Grave, 
and Fish creeks of the Ohio, which forms its W. boundar>'. 
Surface various, in parts quite hilly ; soil furtile, Cora, 
"Wheat, oats, and potatoes are thrifty cmps, and it is well 
fitted for grazing. It has good water-power, and rapidly 
increasing manufactures of flour, iron, lumber, etc. Coal 
and iron ore are extensively found. Farms S47 ; manuf. 
19 ; dwell. 1,66S, and pop.— wh. 10,050, fr. col. 39, si. 49— 
total 10,138. Capit^Jl: EUzabethtown. Puhlic WorAt : 
Baltimore and Ohio R. R. 

Marshall, p. v., and cap. Clark co., lU. : on the National 
Eoad, 105 m. E. S. E. Sprmgfleld. It contains a court-house 
and oilier county offices. The railroad between Terre Haute 
and Alton will pass through it 

Marshall, t, p. v., and cap. Calhoun co., 3fich. : 31 m. 
8. S. W. Lansing. Drained principally by Kalamazoo river 
and Bice cr. There are a number of other small streams 
nmning through it. Surface undulating ; soil, sand and rich 
clay loam, producing large quantities of grain. It has ex- 
tensive water-power, andu number of mills, manufactories, 
and a furnace. The v. is pleasantly situate at the confluence 
of Rice cr. with the Kalamazoo. It contains the court- 
house and several fine buiblings. The Michigan Central 
E. R. passes through it. lOS m. from Detroit. There are 
4 weekly papers here, the " Statesman," and "Democratic 
Expounder." Pop. of t 2,923. 

Marshall, p. v., and cap. Saline co.. Jifo.: near Salt 
Fork, a branch of Black r., GS m. N. W. Jeffcreon City. 
434 



MAR 

Marshall, t. and p. c, Oneida county, J^. Y. : 89 m. 
W. N. W. Albany. Surface rolling ; soil fertile. Drained 
by titrij-kany cr. The Chenango Canal passes through ita 
N. W. part. Deans v. is situate on the canaL The L has 
several fiouring and grist mills, and some other industrial 
establishments. Pop. 2,115 

Marshall, p. o., Bath co., A'y. ; 59 m. E. Frankfort. 

Makhhall, p. v., Highland co., Ohio: at the head of a 
fork of Brush cr., 59 m. S. S. W. Colonibus, and on the Cin- 
cinnati, Ilillsboro', and Parkersburg R. R., 7 ni. E. Ilillsboro'. 

Marshall, p. o., Marshall county, Iitd.: 107 m. N, 
Indianapolis. 

Maicsjlvll, p. v., and cap. Harrison co., Tkp..- on the 
water-shed between the Sabme r. and Caddo Lake, 2o6 m. 
N. E. Austin City, and distant about 24 ra. frum Shreveport, 
La. It is a flourishing v., containing the co. offices, etc., 
and has two newspapers, the *' Texas Republican" and the 
''Star State Patriot," both issued weekly. The Texas and 
Louisiana R. R. wiU probably pass through Marshall, as doea 
now the post^road from ShrevcporU Pop. about 2,000. 

Marsuall's Creek, p. o., Monroe co., Penn. 

Marshall's Ferry, p. o., Graiuger co., Ten7i. : on Holstoa 
r., 193 m. E. Nashville. 

Marshaixsville, p. v., Wayne co., Ohio: 91 m. N. E. 
Columbus. 

Marshallsvtlle, p. v., Macon county, Ga. : 65 m. 9. W. 
MiiledgeviUe. The South-western R. R. passes through It, 
35 m. from Macon. 

Marsualltos, p. v., Chester co., Pen7i.: 65 m. E. S. E, 
Harrisburg. 

Marsofizld, t. and p. v., Plymouth co., Ma^s. : 2T m. 
S. E. Boston. Drained by North and South rivers. Surface 
level ; soil fertile. It is finely situate on Massachusetts Bay, 
Ship-building is carried on to some extent, and there are 
several manufacturing establlahments in the town. North, 
East, and South Marsbfield, are names of villages. 'I*he 
homestead and farm of the late Hon. Daniel Webster is sit- 
uate in the S. partof the t., about 12 m. N. Plymouth. Pop. 
of t 1.S37. 

Marshfield, p. 0., Erie county, K Y. : 263 m. W. by N. 
Albany. 

Maksiifield, t. and p. v., Washington co.. Verm. : 13 ra. 
E. by N. Montpelier, Drained by Onion r. and its branches, 
which pass through it. Soil varied; a part is good and 
well timbered, the rest wet and stony. The v. is situate on 
the left side of the r. Pop. of L 1,102. 

Mars Hill, Jfe. : a celebrated mountain near the lino of 
Maine, toward New Brunswick, in laL 40° 33' N. The ap- 
proach to this mounLtin is difficult; its sides are rugged and 
its summit bold. It has two culminations, one 1,363 feet* 
and the other 1,506 feet above the waters of Goose Quili r., 
New Bnmswick. 

Marshpee district, Barnstable co., Jf»r->s. : 59 m. S. S. E. 
Boston. This is an ancient Indian settlement, and is still 
chiefly inhabited by the descendants of the Marshpee tribe, 
but of mixed blQod. It contains 15,000 acres, or about 16 
sq. m., and is secured to the Indians in perpetuity. The 
Marshpee and Quasbmet are considerable streams, which, 
with numerous ponds and the ocean, affor-l an abundant 
supply of fish. The inhabitants arc occupied chiefly in 
agriculture and in the manufacture of various kinds of In- 
dian ware. Many occupy themselves in the fisheries. They 
are docile and hospitable, and have long suppnrted a Chris- 
tian minister. The population numbers only 102, and yet it 
is the largest remnant of any of the tribes that once were 
lords of the whole countrj'. 

Mahsii's, station, Edgefield dist, S. Car.: on the South 
Carolina R. R., 123 ra. from Charleston, and 55 m. S. W 
Columbia. 

Mar,ston's Mills, p. o., Bamstable co., J/a^s. .• 01 m. S. E 
Boston. 

Martha Furnace, p. o., Hardin co.. III. : 175 m. S. E, 
Springfield, 



MAR 



MAR 



Martha Furnace, p. o., Centre co., Penn. : 45 m. N. "W. 
narrisburg. There is a furnitcc here lm\ing an annual 
ca.p.'ieity ior l,UiO tous; it was constructed in 1S32. 

M.vKTiiA Mjlls, p. o., Fleming county, Kf/. : 73 m. E. 
FranklWrL 

MAr.TU.iSvn.LE, p. v., \riirren co., Jfa. : on the N. side of 
the Missuuri r., 03 ni. E. JcllVrion City. 

;Jaf,tiia5ville, f^la., M;icoa on., Gu.: on the Suuth West- 
ern K. li., 42 ra. S. by W. M:icon. 

Mautiia's Vt-NEYAKD, p. 0., Cbuthflin CO., y. Car. : 36 m. 
W. UiUeigh. 

MARTa.i.'s Vineyard, Mass.: an Island lying off the S. 
shore of Massachusells, S. of Falmouth, anj "W; N. \V. of 
Nantucket Island. It is 21 ni. long, and is a compoucnt of 
Dukes CO. The soil is poor, and some sheep and cattle are 
reared, but ih'; in!i.ibit;inls are eliielly ciigaiied in iho fish- 
eries. An Indian church was founded here in 1GC6. Orig- 
inally the colouy was govt-ined iudcpendeuDy ; in 1C64 it 
was united to New York, but in lCa2 it was granted to 
Massachusetts. 

Map.tickville, p. v., Lancaster co., Penn. : 37 m. S. E. 
Ilarrisburg, 

Mautis county, Z/c/. Situate S. "W., and contains 3^34 
sq. ni. Drained by E. n>rk of White r. and its branches, 
Lick, Beaver, and Indian creeks. Surface somewhat h.Uy. 
A large part of the co. is heavily timbere<l, and lUe soils are 
various ; but mostly of clay, and generally lertile. Com is 
the st:iple cereal ; the pastures are fine, and beef, pork, anxl 
flax-seed are exported. It has good mill streams, and ex- 
ports much lumber in various f<^ms. Farms 633; manuf. 
IS; dwell. 1,025, and pop.— wh. &,S44, fr. col. 97— total 5,041. 
dipltal: Mount rieaaaut. PuUic WorJcs: Cincinnati and 
SU Louis R. E. 

MAETtN county, 2i^. Cu\ Situate N. E., and contains 
S41 sq. m. Bounded N. l)y the Iloanoke, and drained by 
its small atfluents. Surface level, with marshes in parts; 
soil of moderate fertility. Corn is the chief CL-real. (.'utlon 
and rice are good crops in some portions. The wealth of 
the CO. lies in extensive f-irests of pine timber, which furnish 
large quaniities of lumber, tar, iiiteh, and turpentine for ex- 
portation. Farms 610; manuf. 17; dwell. 923, and pop. — 
Tv-h. 4,615, fr. col. 325, si. 3,3C7— total S,307. Oipital: 
Wiilianiston. 

Maktin-, t. and p. a, Allegan comity, Mich. : 51 miles 
TV'. S. W. Lansing. Drained by a branch of the Kalama- 
zoo and Kabbit rivers. Surface undulating; soil varied, 
in most parts fertile. It has extensive wooded plains. 
Top. 329. 

Mactlntjalb, p. a, Mecklenburg co., *V. Car.: 109 m. 
S. W. Raleigh. 

MAETl^■DALE, sta., Rensselaer co., 2^. T. : on llai'iem 
E. E., 35 m. E. Albany. 

Mauttnez, p. v.. Contra Costa co., Calif.: on the S. shore 
of the Strait of Carquines, between San Pablo an(l Suisun 
bays. It is favorably situate for commerce, and has been 
commenced under such auspicc-a as to insure its future pros- 
perity. The strait is here about a mile wide, and on the 
opposite shore are the cities of Vallcjo, the Slate capital, and 
Benicia. 

MAETiNsBrp.G, p. v., Washington co., Ind. : S9 m. S. by 
E. Indianapolis. It is a small v., in S« E. part of co., con- 
taining about 200 inhabitants. 

Maktinsiiurg, t., p. v., and cap. Lewis co., JV! r; .■ 119 m. 
N- W. Albany. Drained by Martin's cr., which flows into 
Black r., which latter boumls it on the E. Surface undulat- 
ing; soil ft-rtile loam, wt-U adaptetl to grain. The v. is situ- 
ate on 'the post-road between Utica and Ogdensburg, and 
contaiDLS a court-house, jail, female academy, banking-house, 
and several fine et^ires. There is a valuable lead mine in 
the vicinity. Pop. of L 2,077. 

Martinsbueg, p. v., Knox CO., Ohio: on a tributary of 
the Muskingum r.,S9 m. N. E. Columbus. It contains 90 
dwellings, and about 500 iuhabitauls. 



Martes-sbckq, p. v.. Pike co., lU.: 63 m. S. S. W. 
Springfield. " 

Mai;ti.\sbl-rg, p. v., Ripley co.. Mo.: on a branch of 
Current r, 153 ra. S. E. Jefferson City. 

MARTissctTRG, p. v., Blair co., Penn.: near a fork of 
Clover or., 75 tn. W. Ilarrisburg. There is ablast furnace 
hrre with an annual capacity of 1.500 tons. 

MAnTiN"?Ri"r.o, p. v.. and cap. Berkeley co., Virfj,: on 
tlie Baltimore and Ohio R. E.. 19m. from Harper's Ferry, and 
131 m. N. by W. Eichmnnd. The " Virginia Pu- publican'* 
(whig), and "Virginia Patriot" (dcm.), are issued weekly, 
MarLinsburg enjoys a large country business, and has 
several Considerable manufacfiiJ'iug establishments. It con- 
tains the court-house and county office?, an<l is well pro- 
viiled with schools and clmrches. Pop. about 2/100. 

Martin's Creek, p. o., Northampton co.y Penn. : S9 m. 
N. E. TTarrl«burg. 

Martin's Creei;, p. o., Carroll co., Tenn. : 95 m. E. by S. 
Nashville. 

Maktis's Creek, p. o., Pickens district, S. Car.: on 
an afilueut of Savannah River so called, 119 m. N. W. 
Colunibia. 

Martin's DepSt, p. o. and sla., Laurens dist., S. Car.: 
52 m. N. W. Columbia. The p. o. was formerly called 
Hunlsville, and the sta. is 10 m. from Newberry com-t-house 
on the Laufens E. K. 

MartiS's Ferry, p. o., Belmont county, Ohio: 117 m. 
E. by N. Columbus. 

ISIarttn's Ferrv, sta., Merriniae co., N'. Harnp. : on the 
Merrimac r., and on line of the Concord E. R., 13 m. from 
Concord. 

Martin's TTill, p. a, Chemung co., K T. : 165 m. 
W. by S. Albany. 

Martin's Landing, p. o., Perry co., Ind. : on N. side of 
Ohio r.. Ill m, S. by W. Indianapolis. 

iLvRTiN's Lime Kilns, p. o., Stokes co., A'i Car. : 101 m 
N. W. Raleigh. 

Martin's Mills, p. c, Buchanan co., Mo. : 157 m. N. W. 
Jefferson City. 

Martinsville, p. r., Clark co., 77/. ; on the E. side of 
N. Xork of Embarras r., 95 m. E. by S. Springfield. 

^Martinsville, p. o., Lancaster co,, Penn.: 39 m. S. E. 
Uarri-sburg. 

Martinsville, p. v., and cap. Morgan co., Tnd.; about half 
a mile K. of the E. fork of White r., and W. terminus of the 
iMartinsville E. E., 25 m. S. W. Indianapolis. The county 
court-house and other public buildings are situate here. 
The " Morgan County Gazette" (neut) is a weekly issue. 
Pop. about GOO. 

Martinsville, p. v., Somerset co., y. Jer. : on N. bank 
of Earitan r., 29 m. N. Trenton. 

MARTiNS\nLLE, p. V., CliutoQ CO., OUo : at the he.id of 
E. fork Little Miami r., 59 m. S. W. Columbus. It con- 
tains several sU)res, a steam-mill, 50 dwellings, and about 
3(10 inhabitants. 

Martinsville, p. o., Niagara co., X. 3' .' 273 m. W. by N. 
Albany. 

Martinsville, p. v., Henry co., Tir^}. : near Smith's r., a 
branch of Dan r., 143 m. S. W. Eichmond. The county 
court-house and other public buildings are situate here, and 
it contains about ISO inhabitants. 

Martville, p. v., Cayuga co.. A' 3' .* 154 m. N. W. 
Albany. It is situate on Little Sodus cr., and coutama sev- 
eral mills, etc., and about 2(50 inhabiUmts, 

Marvel, p. v., Vernon Co.. Mo. : on the N. side of Marais 
des Cygnes r., 129 ni. W. S. W. Jefleison City. 

Marvin, p. o., Chautauquc co., X. Y.: 277 m. W. by 8. 
Albany. 

Mary, p. o., Pulaski co., Ark. 

Mary C""" Humik.ldt) river, Vtah Ttv:: rises by two 
branches in the Humboldt River Mount-iiiii. in WcIht and 
Toi^K'le counties, running W. 95 m., and S. 63 m., einplioa 
into Humboldt Lake. 

<135 



MAEYLAND. 



THE STATE OF MARYLAND. 

MAfiTLAND, the most southern part of that division of the United States of America nsiioHy called the "Middle 
Slates," is silnato between the latitudes 33° and 390 4.3' north, and between the longitudes 76° OS' and 79° 82' west from 
Greenwich, or 20 31' and 1^ 5S' east from Washington. II3 outline is extremely irregular, except on the north and east, 
where Mason and Dixon's line constitutes the frontier, and separates Maryland from the adjoining slates of Pennsylvania 
and Delaware. On the south the Potomac River, willi a winding cTiannel and circuitous general course, is its limitary 
stream, and divides it from Virginia. The main boily of the eastern section is bounded by Delaware State line; but a 
narrow strip, projecting eastward to the sea, intru<ie8 itself between that State and the Virginia portion of Chesapeafcb 
peninsula. The peripliery of the State is estimated 10 be about 76C railed, namely : from the mouth of Potomac River U* 
the source of its north branch, 320 miles; thence north to the Pennsylvania line, 85 miles; thence along that line east- 
ward, 199 miles; thence along the west and south line of Delaware, 122 raile«; thence along the Atlantic Ocean, 92 miles; 
tlience across the peninsula to the mouth of Pocomoke KiTer, 20 miles; and directly west to the confluence of Potomac 
River with Chesapeake Bay, the place of beginning, about 8S miles. "Within this outline is container! a superficies of 
13.959 square miles ; but of this extent only 9,674 square miles are land, the residue being covered by the waters of 
Chesapeake Bay and its numerous inlets and bays. 

Maryland is naturally divided into three distinct geographical sections. The Jirst section comprises that portion l>ing 
to the east of Su-squehanna River and Chesapeake Bay. known locally as the "Eastern Shore," and which contains the 
counties of Worcester, Somerset, Dorchester, Talbot, Caroline, Queen Anne, Kent, and Cecil. It forms a part of that 
long peninsula which, projecting southward toward and into the Atlantic Ocean, divides the waters of Chesapeake and 
Delaware bays, and which, though of very limited extent, comprises the whole of one state, and portions of two others. 
The surface of the whole tract is level, and but slightly elevated above the sea ; and in everj- part its soils are more or loss 
sandy, but. in. their general character, may be considered as above the average in respect of their adaptation to the pur- 
poses of agriculture. Few rocks are found in any part, and the mineral deposits are chiefly bog-iron ore, chromes, etc., with 
aluminous and magnesia salts. Marl, shell-lime, marsh mud, peat or turf, and other agents used as fertilizers, abound. 
In the northern districts of this region, however, the countrj' is hilly, and in some parts has a rocky substratum — the 
rocks chiefly sandstone and slate. The forest growths consist principally of oaks of various specieji, hickorj-, chestnut, 
pine, locust, walnut, cedar, gum, beech, and a great variety of shrub and herbaceous annuals. Wheat, Indian corn, and 
tobacco are the staple productions ; and in the more southern conntiee, the cotton plant is said to succeed well. The 
climate is temperate, and highly favorable to the enjoyment and extended duration of life. The land area of this section 
js computed at 3,SSC sqare miles, or 2,167.040 acres. The peninsula, of which this portion of Mar>'land forms a part, is 
about ISO miles in length from the norlh line of the State to Cape Charles, and has an area of about 5,980 square miles; 
the neck between the inclosing bays is only about 17 miles wide ; but as it stretches southward, it expands gradually to the 
width of 70 miles, and then as gradually contracts until it terminates in a long, narrow tongue, called Aecomac Penin- 
sula, about 50 miles in length and 10 miles wide. The coast on the Chesapeake is deeply indented by numerous spacious 
gulfs and estuaries ; such as those at the confluence with the bay of the Pocomoke, Nanticoke, Choptank, Chester, and 
Elk rivers, each receiving considerable streams from tlie interior and affording great facilities to navigation. The eastern 
coast presents a striking contrast when compared with the western coast. "Between the ocean and the cultivated 
portion of the country, there is a prolonged sandy beach, varying from a few hundred yards to a quarter of a mile or 
upward in breadth, and extending the whole length of the coast, without a single outlet to the ocean, from Indian River, 
in Delaware, to the southern extremity of Chincoleague Island, in Virginia. Between this beach and the mainland lies 
Sincpuxt-nt Bay, from one to four or five miles wide, and nearly SO miles in length. It is a shallow sheet of water, 
navigable only to a short distance above South Point, at the lower end of Slnepuxent Neck." Some inlets thai formerly 
existed in this beach, and admitted the sea, are now closed, and the waters of the bay have become comparatively fresh. 
The second section, comprising what is usually called the Western Shore, consists of another peninsula lying inland 
between the Potomac River and Chesapeake Bay, and np to the line of the river falls, which extend from above Port 
Deposit to above Georgetown. In its general features, soil, and productions, it closely resembles the section of country 
already described. It is alluvial in its formation, and lying principally on the western shores ot the bay, or upon the 
eastern bank of the lower Potomac, has the same climate as the " Eastern Shore." The counties comprised in this section 
arc St. Mar)''s, Calvert, Charles, Prince George,' Anne Arundel, Howard, parls of Montgomery, Baltimore, and Harford. 
The territorial extent of these counties is about 3.G9S square miles, or 2,366.530 acres. The leading geographical feature 
of the north-western part of this section, is the ledge of primitive rocks which runs from the left bank of the Potomac, in 
Montgomery County, north-eastwardly to the Susquehanna River, where it crosses the north line of the State. The 
primitive ledge forms a natural boundary between the alluvial region and the mountainous district of Marjiand, which 
latter constitutes the tldrrl, or western section, passing through which wc meet with, in succession, South-East Mountain, 
or Parr's Ridge, terminating with Sugar-Loaf Mountain, on the Potomac; Catoctin Mountain, reaching the same rivt-r at 
the Point of Rocks ; South Mountain, or Blue Eidgr-, crossing it at Ilarperis Ferry ; the Kittatinny, crossing it at Hancock ; 
liuKgcd Mountain, Wills Mountain, and other detached ridges ; and the great Alleghany ridge, traversing the far western 
part of the State. Many fine valleys interlie the mountains, whlcli in climate and soil are not surpassed by the most favored 
regions of the earth. Tliis section extends along the left bank of the Potomac to the western boundary of the State, and 
following the sinuosities of the river, is nearly 175 miles in length, but so irregular in shape, that though it is more tlian 100 
miles wide at the eastern end, it is compressed in the middle by the near approach of the border lines of Virginia and 
Pennsylvania to a width of less than 3 miles. From the base of the primitive ledge, which is. in fact, a lower branch of 
tlie Appalachian rhain, the surface gradually rises to the head waters of the Potomac River 2,000 or more feet. This 
represents the rise from tide-water at Baltimore to the dividing grounds in Alleghany County, between the waters of the 
Potomac and those falling into Ohio River. Embraced in this scclinn are Carroll, Frederick, Washington, and Alleghany 
counties, which together cover an area of 2,590 square miles, or 1.657.600 acres. 

Chesapeake Bay, which divides the State into two unequal parts, in its greateirt extent, lies within Marj'Jand. It is a 
noble sheet of water, equaled in its commercial cnp.acities by few of the great estuaries that in various parts of the world 
have attracted the notice anO admiration of the mariner. Its entrance between Cape Charles and Cape Henry, in 
Virginia, is about 15 miles in width, and opens from east to west; but on penetrating the land it .suddenly changes its 
direction, and stretches from sontli to north over a distance of ISO miles, with a width in the southern part f»f 2') to SO 
miles, and in the northern part of about 10 miles. It is, throu-jliout, deep and navigable for large vessels, and it receives 
436 



MARYLAND. 



a preat many deep and navi>;al)le rivers, of wliieh the lariresl ami principal are frum Virgiuia, Its area is ah-iul 8,500 
aquare mile.*?. Tlio biisqueliaiina liiver lias lis luwer course in Murylarnt ; Ilie tide reaehea I'ort Dep^'siL 5 iniles from its 
muulh, al>nvc which there are falls; Ihe Patapseu Kiver is a fine mill stream falling into the bay of tlie same name below 
Baltimore; the Patiixeal, Uie principal river of the Western !^h<Te, is a wide stream, flowing nt.-arly parallel with the 
Potomac, and navigable to Ni-'tliiighum, about 50 miles, lor large vessL-ls; the Elk, Chestt-r, Ohoptaoli. Nanticoke, and 
Pocomoko, on the Eastern Shore, are navigalde for ;iO or 40 miles; and tlio M<tnocaey Kiver, Aiitielain and Coneco- 
chcague creeks aro the prineipai tributaries of lite Potomac in Maryland. Ail these contribute to Ihe Tohmie of the 
waters of Cliesapeake Bay, and, in tlieir several courses, furuish fine avenue.s of internal trade, or provide water-power 
sufficient for all the purposes of extensive manufacturing (»peralioiis. The Potomac, common to Virginia and Maryland, 
firming Ihe boundary between the two, is the most important of all the streams of the latter, and the largi-sl uf llio 
tributaries of the Chesapeake. It rises in the recesses of the Alleghany Mountains, and reaehes the bay between Point 
Lookout and Smith's Point. This river is Tt miles wide at its mouth, an<l navigable for ships of the greatest burden for 
800 miles from the sea, 3 miles below the head of tide-water. Above this point, the navigation Is obstructed by a succes- 
sion of falis, around which, however, canals have been dug, and the navigable channel so far improved as to render 
the river passable for boats to Cumberland, lUl miles above Washington. The descent of the Potomac, from the mouth 
of Savage Itiver to Cumberland, a distance of 31 miles, is 445 feet; from Cumberland to the Shenandoah Fails, lyo miles, 
it is 490 feet ; hence to Great Falls, 40 miles, 39 feet; and between these and tide-water, 12 nuks. 1*3 feel; making tho 
whole descent from the mouth of Savage Klver to tide-H ater, u distfince of 213 miles, 1,117 feel, or on the average 5i feet 
in each mile, llising westward of tlie Alleghany Mounliiins is the Youghiogeny, the only river of Maryland that does 
not empty its waters into Chesapeake Bay ; it flows noriliward through Alleghany County, and passing into Pennsylvania, 
falls into Monongahela P.ivcr, IS miles south-east of Pittsburg; and thence its waters are carried through the Ohio and 
Mississippi rivers to the Gulf of Mexico. 

To cijmprehend the geology of Maryland,* we must understand Ihe general facts as to the structure of the broad plain 
which skirls the ocean in the Middle and Southern St^de^; of tho less elevated region lying west of this plain, t^alkTl 
sometimes the Atlantic slope ; and of the great Apalachian chain, which includes the greatest variety of rocks and the 
most important Jbrmations. 

Commencing at the ocean and proceeding westward, wo find a low and almost level region. This plain extehds ft-om 
New Jersey througli the Southern States. As the soil composing this plain consists of incoherent materials, which are 
easily washed away, the tide flows across it and forms large estuaries, where it meets the rivers which flow from the 
interior. This plain does not now present an unbroken surface, but is marked by minor irregularities and undulations, 
which have been due to the action of brooks, creeks, and rain torrents ; still, the general character of a broad level ia 
preserved, as it is in the ocean, notwitlist;inding its surface is broken by waves. The portion of the plain lying in Mary- 
land, which is sometimes called the tide-water district, embraces nearly one-half of the territory of the Stale. This great 
region, which once formed the bed of an ancient ocean, and has risen by menus of those elevatory forces which have 
acted upon all the continents, contains beneath its surface unquestioned records of the epochs when its materials wera 
deposited. In the strata which compose this plain toward the north, in Xew Jersey, fossils are found indicating that the 
strata belong to the cretaceous or chalk formation, which occupies in the geological scale the upper part of the secon<lary 
formation. The ci-etaceous strata, if they exist in Maryland, are concealed by the overlying deposits ; but they probably 
form the floor of these deposits from New Jersey to North Carolina, where they again appear at the surface. The fossils 
found in Ihe clilTs and banks of the Atlantic plain, prove that the strata which compose it belong principally to the ter- 
tiary formation, which lies next the chalk. t All the tertiary deposits, with the exception of the pliocene, occur in tho 
State. The inclination of the tertiary beds in Maryland is vcrj- slight, and toward the south-cast, so that the Potomac 
below Washington presents sections of each of the divisions, the lower beds rising to the surface as we proceed wesL 

The later tertiary, or post pliocene, which represents the epochs next antecdent to the introduction of Ihe human race, 
oceurs in M.aryland only in limited patches. The principal one is in St. Mary's County. To this period are referred the 
numerous beds of oysters which skirt the low margins of the islets and rivers of Maryland, and which are usually 
attributed to the agency of the aborigines. The deposit in St. Mary's County is interesting, as containing several southern 
species, and particularly the gnathadon caneatus, which is now found only in the warmer waters of the Gulf of Mexico ; 
a fact indicating tho prevalence in this region of a climate like that of Florida, at the period of the formation of this 
deposit. The miocene formation, which underlies the last named deposits, is the most widely extended of tho tertiary 
beds. The principal marl beds are in this formation. It occurs near Chestertown, Wye Mills, on Choptank Kiver, near 
Easton, and at other places near the Eastern Shore ; also through the counties of St. Mary's, Calvert, etc. Within tho 
miocene, at Piscataway, has been traced a remarkable bed of silicious clay, entirely composed of Bilicious cases (of infusoria) 
BO minute as only to be detected by a powerful microscope, yet containing distinct specific characters, enabling us to refer 
them to the miocene. Of the shells in the minccne deposits in this State, about seventeen per cent, have been identified 
with living species. Thus, at this remote period, the peculiar distribution of living mollnsca, which now exists, had 
begun to prevail in the region of Maryland, while at this geological era the fauna were so distinct from the present, that 
four-flllhs of the species now living had not come into existence. 

An abrupt line of demarkation exists between the fossil groups of the miocene and eocene, which lies next helow the 
former. Before the deposition of the miocene beds, some event has occurred, like a sudden fall in the temperature of 
the ocean, which has destroyed every kind of animal life; for in the miocene deposits not a single form of the lower 
tertiary bed exists, even where the two beds are In juxtaposition. The eocene, which toward the ocean luis been 
sunk beneath the miocene, rises shortly after passing a line from Fort Washington to Annapolis. Of two hundred 
epecie-s of shells found in this formation, not c)ne now exists on the coast, or is found in the more recent deposits of the 
United States, although many are identical with tho eocene fossils of the Paris basin. A circumstance of much econom- 
ical interest in relation to this formatirm is the occurrence, in many localities of the eocene, of that most valuable fertilizer, 
the green sand, which occurs in the secondary beds of New Jersey, and has added so much to the agricultural wealth of 

* Tbe wliole of tliis article on genlogj- U taken from tlie census i>f liaryfami, Uie le«* important points being omitted or abbreviated. 

t By colleiling all llif rin-srl-i cimtntned in any tertiary deposit, and coinparint- tliem with exlsling species, tlie geologist la enabled to claflsiry tbe 
depnsits into one of tliree great groups. In tlie lowest deposit, or gnmp, btiS f"** recent apecirs are found. It is lh«nce called tlio eocene, cr 
dawn of recent upecies. Tlie next above contrnins n minority of recent upetiM, and is llionce called miocene. Over tbia uccurs a depoait ccmlaia 
ue ft mBJonty of receoC species, wliich ia called pliocene, and abore the la^t a deposit called tlie ^ost Dliocene 

437 



MARYLAND. 



that State. The decomposed sbells, or mart, of the tertiary have contributed, in scarcely a less degree, to the fertility of 
the lower counties of Murjiand. 

The head of tide-water forms the limit of the tertiary. On the western borders of this formation, all along the Atlantic 
ooaa'., all the great rivers descend by falls and rajiids. At these points tlie navigation is stopj)ed, and large cities have 
sprung lip. Thus the western boundary of the tertiary is a line of great geograpliical and political interest. Proceediag 
westward from the limit of the tertiary, we find a Ix-It of stratified metamori>hir, or hypogene rocks, which ranges nearly 
parallel with the Atlantic coast. These rocks include gneiss, micaceous, chloritic, and talcose slates, and beds of serpen- 
tine, granite, and limesloue. The width of tbis belt, in Maryland, from its eastern border to the points where its rocks 
begin lo be covered unconformubly with new red sandstone, is from 20 to 30 miles. This region is characterized by hills 
gem-rally of moderate height, but sometimes rising as high as 900 feet above raid tide. Their summits are roumled, and 
presciit a striking contrast to the long, steep, parallel ridges of the Allcghanies. The beds of the rivers which pass 
through this region are in deeply-clefl valleys, with rounded or abrupt sides, that afford small tracts of alluvial soil. The 
general inclination of these h>-pogene rocks is to the south-east, at an angle of about 45° ; the direction of the range is 
norlh-east and south-west. The principal minerals and rocks of economical value in this belt are the gneiss, which forms 
an excellent and indestructible material for ordinary building purposes; primary limestone, or saccharoidal raarble, 
extensively used for building purposes in Baltimore and "Washington; hydrosilicates of magnesia, which fumLsh a 
material kit the production of a large amount of magnesia. The serpentine of Harford County, and the northern border 
of Cecil Coxmty, has jielded a large amount of ferroxide of chrome, for making pigments and dyes; titaniated iron, 
which oeciu^ in gneiss, has been worked with success in Harford County. Ores of brown hematite, extensively used in 
Maryland for the manufacture of iron of excellent quality, occur in beds of clay and loam, particularly on the borders of 
the primary limestone within this belt 

Near Frederick, in passing westward, we perceive that the hypogene rocks begin to be covered with nnconfiirmable 
beds of red sandstone. This group of rocks is one of the nn^t remarkably uniform in the countrj', possessing the saue 
characteristics from the Hudson to North Carolina. It consists of dark reddish brown argillaceous sandstones, of 
crumbly-brown shales and course conglomerates. The strata dip gently toward the north-west, or toward the mountains. 
The beds, which show themselves along the south-eastern edge of the tract, consist mostly of coarse sandstones, alternat- 
ing with red shales. The central parts consist more exclusively of brown shales and bro^^'n argillaceous sandstone. The 
uppermost be.is, or those occurring along the north-western margin of the fonnalion, have frequently the character of 
coarse conglomurates, made up of pebbles derived from a great variety of rocks, chiefly those which occur at the base or 
on the siUe of the adjoining South Mountain. The beds of rock on the Potomac, which have furnished the material 
from which the columns in the House of Kepresentativee in the Capilol at "Washington have been constructed, belong to 
this formation, the pebbles and the cementing materials in these beds being of limestone. The few fossil fishes and shells 
found in this formation establish its age to be that of the upper new red sandstones of Europe, or the period of the middle 
a£;es of geological history. To this formation belong the most important localities of copper ures in Marjiand. Indeed, 
this formation is the depository of the principal copper mines in the "Cnitcd States, the beds containing the copper of 
Lake Superior being referred to this formation. 

After psissing the formation of new red sandstone, which occupies, as we have seen, a narrow trough in the hypogene 
or metamorphic rocks, proceeding westwardly, we approach the first ridge of the AUeghanies, or the greflt Apalachian 
chain. A rapid glance at the general features hi the structure of the whole chain will enable us to comprehend more 
fully the portion of the chain which exists in this State. This chain, geologically considered, extends from Vermont to 
Alabama, being more than 1.000 miles long, from 50 to lOO miles broad, and varying in height from SOO to 4,000 feet 
Unlike the great chains of many countries which cont:iin a principal central mountain, to which all the minor ranges 
tend, this system consists of a broad zone of almost innumerable parallel ridges of neariy equal parallel height The 
characteristic features of the ridges are great length, narrowness, and steepness, the evenness of their summits, and their 
remarkable parallel'ism ; many of them are almost straight for more than 50 miles. This feature, combined with their 
steep slopes and sharp and level summits, gives them tlie appearance, seen in perspective, of so many colossal intrench- 
menls. The first belt of the chain, luuing in a less degree the characteristics above mentioned, is the narrow undulating 
mouut'iin range, called in New York and New Jersey, the Highlands ; in Pennsylvania, the South Mountain ; in Mary- 
land, the South Mountain or Blue Kidge— the latter name being applied to the range in Virginia— the Catoctin M«>untain, 
which is the first chain of importance which presents itself in Maryland as we proceeil west, being a spur of the Blue 
Padg*. The rocks of this belt are, for the most part, of the older metamorphic strata, including gneiss, micaceous, 
chloritic, argillaceous, ami talcoso slates, and the Pottsdam sandstone. Such is the character of the rocks exposed by the 
canal and railroad excavations at Harper's Ferry. Immediately north-west of this mountain range is the great Apala- 
chian Valley, which ranges from Vermont to Alabama under various local names. The portion lying in Maryland is 
called the Hagerstown Valley. The latter, hke the continuation of the same valley norlh and south, is principally based 
upon the Trenton limestone, remarkable as containing all the great caverns in the country. Beyond tbis valley to the 
Dorth-west is a wide belt of long, narrow, parallel ridges and included valleys, spreading north-westward lo tlie foot of 
tlie great plateau of the Alleghany or Cumberiand Mountain. This belt lias a brcadtli varjing from .30 to 60 miles. These 
narrow and parallel ridges consist of stra'a folded into a succession of convex and concave strata, which have been sub- 
sequently laid ojien by denudation. They consist ofsilurinn, devonian, and carboniferous formations, adopting the terms 
applied to similar formations in England—the older groups, or silurian, lymg chiefly along the south-eastern flank of the 
Apalaehlans, and the carboniferous making their appearances as wo procet?d west It is evident that these beds, now so 
much folded and fractured, were originally horizontal, and fornud continutius deposits with the rocks of the great western 
coal field. It appears that the bending and fracture of the beds is greatest on the Atlantic side of the chain, and the 
strata becomes less and less disturbed as we proceed toward the west The most important feature in the geologj- of the 
Ap.ilac1iian chain, aj it exists in Maryland, is the occurrence among its strata of the cari)oniferous furmation.'and its 
included beds of coal and ores of iron. There are three important coal areas within the Slate ; two north-west of the 
8o-cRlled Backbone of the Alleghany Mountain; the north-west, or Tioughiogeny field, estimated to contain '2ri0 square 
miles; the middle area, between Negro and Meadow mountains, estimated to contain 120 square miles. These fields 
lying in the midst of a forest region, have not been thoroughly explored. The estimates of their value can not be much 
relied on. This is of compnratively little importance, as from their location they must remain for a long time undisturbed. 
The Frostburg. or Cumberiand coal basin, lies between Davis Mountain to the east, and Savage Mountain to the west, 
extending within the State 20 miles in length, with an average breadth of 4J miles. The carboniferous strata, compoeing 



483 



MARYLAND. 



Iho coal serii-.s, consisting, as olsewhere, of shale, grit, sandstone, limestone, arcjillaceous iron ore, and coal, dip on every 
side toward the centre of the trough. The successive beds have been compared, in shape, lo a great nunilier of Indian 
canoes, placed one within the other. The entire thickness of the coal measures about t,500 fccf.. The present surface 
of the basin is irregiUar, as it has been intersected by numerous deep ravines, formed by streams and rivers. By these 
means large portions of the beds have been swept away. "Wherever the beds have been cut off by the intervention of a 
valley, they are seen on the opposite sides at the same level, showing that the beds were once cuntinuous. The whole 
amount of denudation has been estimated at '2('),25(» acres, S0,s47 acres or 135 srpiare miles, being the atii)posed present 
area of the coal. This denudation has given great fiieilily for exploration of the strata and working the c-il, and saves 
the large expenditures necessary in other regions for draining the mines. The whole quantity of coal may be extructed 
mthout the use of a shaft. The principal seam has been 10 feet in thickness of workable coal, and there are several 
other workable beds of less thickness : the whole tbtekness of available coal having been estimated at 45 feet. The data 
above given, supposing the whole coal to be aect'ssilile, would make the gross amount in this basin 6,805,137.827 tons, and 
the available quantity, making the ordinarj' deduction?, over four thousand million tons. The analysis of the Cumljcrland 
coal shows it to be of the kind denominated dry oi" close burning, or intermediate between the fat ooal of Pitt-^iiurg and 
the anthracite of rennsylvania. Experiments prove that this coal. In evaporative power, occupies the very highest place 
among American coals. This is furlber demonstrated by its extensive use in the ocean steamers. 

It will be seen from (his rapid sketch, in whieh, from want of space, many interesting details are omitted, that the State 
of Marylan<i, in the extended range of its gcolugieal formations, is favored with one of the most important physical 
dements of prosperity. The same cause has been, in a high degree, conducive to the wealth of Kngland. The tertiary 
of Maryland has contributed a soil of easy tillage and inexhaustible supplies of the best and cheapest material for enrich- 
ing it. Its incoherent beds have suffered (he tide lo penetrate far inland, tims giving the advantjxges of the sea-board to 
the inhabitant of the interior. The metamorphic rocks furnish tlie best materials for construction near the points where 
they are most needed, and producing waterfalls on the rivers at the borders of the Atlantic plain, have placed the sitea 
of manufactures near the great water highways. The shales and sandstones of the secmiffiiri/ have formed new varieties 
of soil, and contributed new material for architecture and metallurgy. To the siliirian formation is due fiie broad and 
fertile valley resting (m the Trenton limestone, and to the peculiar structure of the Apalacbian chain, the rich glades of 
the upper mountain valleys. Finally, the carhoniferous beds supply without limit the minerals most essential to com- 
merce and the arte— coal, the indispensable aliment of industry, anrl iron, the histrument with which all wealth is created. 

Maryland, in 1S50, was divided into twenty counties, the general statistics of which, and the capitals of each, was as 
foUows : 



Counties. 


Dwell. 


P^p. 


Fnrms 
in ri.lt. 


Mantir 
EslaU 


Capitals. 


Cnuntiea. 


Bwell. 


Pop. 


Farms 
inclu 


Mann 
Estab 


^ Capitals. 


Alleghany 


3,850. 


. 22,709. 


. 802. 


24. 


.Cumberland 


Harford 


.2,977. 


.19,350. 


.1,278. 


. 70. 


.Ecl-Air 


AniK' Aruink'l 


3,710. 


. 32,893. 


.1,295. 


159. 


.ANX.VI'OLIS 


Kent 


.1,5S4. 


.11.3S0. 


. 667. 


. 34. 


.Chesterlowu 


Ballimore 


SO.OM. 


.210,046. 


.1,655. 


2,377. 


.nall'c Cily 


Montgomery . 


.1.923. 


.1.5,860. 


.1,051. 


. 80. 


.liockvilie 


Calvert 


1,006. 


. 9,646. 


. 4.34. 


0. 


. Pr. Fredlo'n 


Prince George" 


s 1,875. 


.21 ,.549. 


. SS5. 


. 28. 


.Up'r Marlboro' 


Caroline 


1,,V36. 


. 9,692. 


. 730. 


0. 


.Denton 


Queen Anne's 


.1,SC4. 


.14,454. 


. 936. 


. 29. 


.CeutreviUe 


Carroll 


. 3,47G. 


. 20,010. 


.1.3ST. 


. 121. 


."VTestminstcr 


St. Mary's 


.1.512. 


.13,698. 


. S13. 


. 11. 


.Lconar'b-towQ 


Cecil 


. 3,050. 


. 18,939. 


.1,20S. 


170. 


.Elkton 


Somerset 


.3.153. 


.22,456. 


.1,485. 


. 90. 


. Prineess AmiQ 


Charles 


1,835. 


16,103. 


. 709. 


0. 


Ft. Tobacco 


Talbot 


.1,751 


.13,811. 


. 793. 


. 86. 


. Eristou 


Borcbester 


2.705. 


. 13,S77. 


.1,049. 


12. 


• Carabritlge 


"Washington.. 


.5,052. 


.30,348. 


.1,292. 


.169. 


.llagcrsto^Tl 


Frederick 


6,307. 


40,957. 


.1,9S3. 


253. 


Frederick 


"Worcester 


.2,SS4 


.18,859 


.1,318. 


. 45. 


.Snow nm 



The whole number of dwellings in the State, at the period referred to, wa« SI ,708. of families 87.384, and of inhabitants 
583,034, viz. : whites 417,94-3— males 211,187, and fi-malos 206,756 ; free colored 74.7-23— males 85,192, and females 39,.531 ; 
and slaves 90.368— males 45,944, and females 44,424. Of the whole popnl.ation, there were fJcufaml (hiwl>—vjh. 195, fr. 
col. 36, and si. 23— total 254 ; 7,liml—\\\\. 193, fr. col. 71, and si. 43— total 307 ; iiiMV:e—\\\\. 477, fr. col. 63, and si. 24— 
total ."loS; .and i'lwti^ — wh. 208, fr. col. 53, and si. 7"2 — total 393. The number of fVee persons bom in the United States 
was 488,910; the number of P'reign birth 53,258; and the number of birlh unknown 462. The lurtire population 
originated as follows : Maine 456, N. Hamp. 200, Verm. 202. Mass. 1.421, K. I. 209. Conn. 4S4, N. York 2.016, N. .ler. 1,321, 
Ptnn. 10,070, Del. 4.373, Man/land 400,.594, DIst. of Col. 1,940, Virg. 7,030, N. Car. 235, S. Car. 168, Ga. 74, Flor. 37. Ala. 
51, Miss. 143, La. 181, Tex. 24, Ark. 14, Tenn. 39, Ky. 131, Ohio 635, Mich. 16, Ind. 65, 111. 64, Mo. SO, la. 5, Wise. 4. Calif. 
1. and territories 1 ; and the/>rfi{7)i population tvas composed of persons from — Fnglau-I 8,407, Irokind 19..557. Scotland 
1.093, "W.ales 260, Germany 26,936, Frimce 507, Spain IS, Portugal 29, nelgium 5, Holland 100, Turkey 11. Italy 83. Austria 
16, Switzerland 68, Pvussia 23, Denmark .35, Norway 10, Sweden 57, Prussia ISS, Greece 0, China 1, Asia 2, AlWca 
10. British America 215, Mexico 8, Central America 0, South America ,52, "West Indies 279, Sandwich Islands 2, ami other 
countries 251. 

The following t.al>le will exhibit Iho decennial progress of the popidation since the first census of the State taken by the 
United States authorities : 

C'llnred I'er«r>ns. 



Census Wliile 

Years. Persons. 

1790 208,649 

ISOO 216,.326 

1810 235,117 

1820 200,222 

1880 291,108 

1S40 818.204 

1850 



Free. 
... S.043 . 
. . . 19.587 . 
... 83,927 . 
. . . 39,730 . 
. . . 52.988 . 
. . . 62,078 . 
... 417,943 74,723 , 



Slave. Tflal. 

, 103,ctt6 111.075 . 

. 10.5.635 12.5.222 . 

, 111, .502 145.429 . 

, 107.39S 147.128 . 

1112.994 1.5.5.033 . 

. 89.737 151.815 . 

. 9n,.363 105.091 . 



T,.t;,l 
Pnpnlnll'.n. 

.. 819.738 . 
.. .341.548 
, . 8S0,.546 . 
. . 407.-350 . 

. 447.040 . 
. . 470,019 . 

. 683.0.34 . 



Derenn 


al Increases 


Numerical. 


Per ceot. 


21.820 . 


.... 6.83 


35,998 . 


....11.41 


20.804 . 


.... 7.04 


89,690 . . 


.... 9.74 


22.979 .. 


.... 5.14 


118,015 .. 


.... 24.04 



The statistics of the wealth .and industry of the State, as ascertained by the census of 1850, and in accordance with othor 
ofBcial documents referring to the same period, are as follows : 

Oanipifd Z«>«^'!.— Improved lands 2,797,905 acres, and unimproved lands 1,836,445 acres— valued in cash at 
$87,178,54.5. The whole number of faims under cultivation on the 1st June, 1850, 21,800. Value of farming imple- 
ments and machluery, $2,463,443. ^^j 



MARYLAND. 



Live'Stork. — Horses, 75,GS4; asses and mules, 5,644; mileh cows, S(-),^ri9; workine: oxen, S4,13o; other cattle, 9S..^95; 
sheep, 177,902; and swine, 352.911— .'le value of tjiesc in the airsregate, $7.9t>7,t>>4. ^ In 1^40 the number of horses, 
mules, etc., was 92,2'.i0 ; of neat cattle, including mileh cows, working oxen, and other cattle, 225,714 ; of sheep, 257,923 ; 
and of swine, 41G,943._ These statistics exhibit iu the decade iuicrveuing, a decrease of 10,892 horses, mules, etc., of 6,125 
cattle, of 80,tl20 sheepi and 64,li32 swine. 

0-radn (.'/ops.— Wheat, 4,494,05(1 bushels; rye, 22G,01J bushels ; Indian com, 10,749,669 bnshels; oats, 2,242,151 bushels; 
barley, 745 lujshels; buckwheat, 103,671 bushels. The production of the same crops, according to the census of lS40,wa3: 
wheat, 3,545,7So bushels: rye, 7-23,577 bushels; Indian corn, 8,233,086 bushels; oats, 8,534,211 bushels; barley, 8,591 
bushels; and buckwheat 78,606 bushels. 

Otiier Food Ornps.—Veaa and beans, 12,SI0 bushels; and potatoes— Irish, 764,939 bushels, and sweet, 208,998 buBhoIs. 
The potato crops together iu 13.39-40, were 1,030,433 bushels. « 

Mi-^ceUiiiimm O/ryw.— Tobacco, 21,407,497 (in 1840, 24,816,012) poutids; hay, 157,956 (in 1340, 100,687) tons; dover- 
seed, 15,217 bushels; other grass-seed, 2,561 bushels; hops, 1,S70 pounds; hemp — dow-rotted, 63 tons, and water-rotted, 
tone; flax, 85,686 pounds; flax-seed, 2,446 busbels; maple sug,ar, 47,740 pounds, and maple molasses, 1,430 gallons (all 
from Alleghany County) ; wine, 1,431 gallons, etc Value of orchard products, $164,051 ; and of market-g.-irdco products, 
$200,869. 

Products 0/ .((reimn?*.— Wool, 450.226 (in 1840, 488,201) pounds; butter, 3,806,160 pounds; and cheese, 8,975 pounds. 
Value of animals slaughtered during the year, $1,954,800* SUk cocoons were produced to the amount of 30 pounds ; and 
beeswax and honey to that of 74,802 poimds. 

Aggregate value of home-made man itfactares for the year, $111,821. 

Mamt/uctures — Capital invested, $14,753,143; value of raw material, fuel, etc., $17,320,734; average hands employed, 
80,124— males 22,641, and females 7,483 ; average monthly cost of labor $014,566— male $544,931, and female $69,625; 
aimual value of products $32,477,702. The amount of capital invested in 1840 was $6,450,284, and hence the manttfucturing 
interests of Maryland have duplicated in the decade. 

The whole number of industrial establishments, manufacturing to the value of $500 and upward, on the 1st June, 1850, 
was 3,708, comprising 143 several pursuits, and of these 76 were .tgricultural implement faet<.>ries, 232 blacksmith shops, 464 
boot and shoe shops, 61 brick fields, 141 cabinet-ware factories, 234 carpenters' and builders' shops, 125 cigar factories, 265 
clothing shops, 52 coach, etc., factories, 99 coopers' shops, 21 curriers' shops, 16 distilleries, 83 cotton factories, 43 woolen 
fectories, 5 forges, 10 brass founderies, and IS iron founderies, 19 furnaces, 15 machine shops, 245 flour-mills, 147 grist- 
mills, 25 paper-mills, 118 saw-mills; mines — 3 coal, 3 copper, 1 gold, and 21 iron; 10 piano-forte factories. 12 plumbing 
shops, 71 saddleries, 24 ship-building yards, 116 tanneries, 33 wheelwright shops, etc, the remaining handicrafts being 
those common to every civilized coimbry. .The following table will show the details of some of the largest manufactures: 

iiT-»..r» •.,-.» Capitnl Id- Vnlue of Raw Average H.lnda Monllily Cost Value of Annual 

JllannlactorM. vdcil. Miiterail, etc. En.pl„yeJ, ot Lnbor. Projuota. 

Boot and Shoe $297,965 $504,210 2,766 $60,261 •$1,S72,.35S 

Brick-kilns 280,530 124,279 1,381 83,.33t 471,450 

Cabinet-ware 301,215 208,895 908 23,031 705,175 

Clothing 62S,940 1,327,481 5,293 70,616 2,662,127 

DUtUlerics 164,300 457,0.38 63 1,485 566,064 

Factories— Cotton.. 2,248,000 1,853,361 3,247 88,112 2^21,396 

" Woolen. 258,100 176,518 870 6,144 319,240 

Forges— Iron 94,500 78,9.35 90 2,853 186,000 

Foundries" 253,100 230,502 5!55 15,444 515,862 

Furnaces " I,033,6ii0 , 576,225 1,351 20,671 1,048.250 

Machinery 257,500 120,843 458 12,591 497,550 

Mills— Flour ....... 1,888,400 4,126,824 602 9,065 4,918,576 

" Grist 264,150 432,683 1S5 2,806 539,689 

« Paper 184,800 118,668 186 2,401 234,365 

" Boiling 196,000 210,664 175 5,016 282,531 

" Saw 195,350 185,030 804 5,191 899,778 

Mining— Coal 605,000 — 210 5,450 196,000 

" Iron 84,760 — 274 5,344 171,675 

Ship-buUding 164,000 273,985 678 26,722 632,100 

Tanneries 628.900 725,612 479 8,084 1,103,189 

In the cotton manufacture there were consumed 23,825 bales of cotton; In the woolen manufacture, 480,300 pounds- 
of wool ; and in the tanneries, 169,535 hides and 03,810 skins. 

Tntenuil Communication. — Maryland h:is projected and completed a magnificent system of railroads and canals. At 
an early period of its State history the necessity of opening communication with the west and the interior was agitated, 
and in some measure the projecis of that day were matured by opening the navigation of the Upper Potomac, and more 
recently by building the great national road west from Cumberland. These works, however, have been superseded by 
the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal, extending from Alexandria in Virginia to Cumberland, 191 miles, and the Baltimore 
and Ohio Uailroad, from Baltimore to Wheeling, on the Ohio Itivcr, 319 miles. These two groat thoroughfares secure 
Jo the principal sea-port of the State a vast amount of Western commerce, and open to the markets of the East the rich 
mineral deposits of Alleghany County, etc. The other great avenues within the State are the Philadelphia, Wilmington, 
and Baltimore Kailroad, the Baltimore and Susquehanna Kailro.ad, and the Washington Branch Railroad, etc., which, 
with their external connections, communicate with every portion of the irnion. Besides these there is a short cana! and 
railroad across the neck of the Delaware Peninsula, the canal being navigable for sloops and barges, and also the Susque- 
hanna and Tide-water Canal. The total length of completed railroad within Maryland in Januar)-, 1853, was 544 miles, or 
in the proportion of 1 mile to every 18 square miles of its territory, or to every 1,072 inhabitants. 

Foreign Comm-erco. — In regard of foreign commerce, Maryl.and ranks Hflh or sixth among the United Slates. Accord- 
ing to the report of tlie Puegister of the Treasury for tlio jx-ar ending 80th June, 1850, the total exports were valued at 
440 



MARYLAND. 



$G,967,353 ; the value of domestic produce was $6.5S(».4S1, of which the value of that portion carried in American ships 
was $4,Go7.1S5, and of that carried in foreign, $1,932,296; au<i the value of foreign produce was $3T7,S72, of which the 
value exporlcd in American ships was ifSoll.SGl, and in foreign ships, $127,011. The value of imports amounted to 
$G,124,aoi, of which $5,r»29,()S2 was the value of merchandise carried in American ships, and $594,ol5 of that wirried in 
foreign ships. The character, tonnage, and crews of the shipping employed in the foreign trade were as follows — 
Entrances : Vessels 438, Imrden 99,5S,S tons, and crews 4,111 men and boys, viz., American, 295 vessels, 70.427 Ions, and 
2.770 men and boys; and foreign, 143 vessels, 29,161 ions, and 1,341 men and boys; and~(7?^«mHce*; Vessels 521, burden 
126,819, and crews 5.275 men and boys, viz., American, 359 vessels, 89,296 tons, and 3,605 men and boys ; and foreign, 162 
vessels, 87,523 tons, and 1,670 men and boys. The shipping owned within the State, at the date above appearing, was 
as follows : 





RegbtTe,!. 


Enrolled and Licensed. 


Licensed 
(under 20 loDS.) 
... 737.... 
... 277.... 

... 537.... 
... 2S5 ... 


Asf regale 
Tonnage. 

. . 149,019 . . . 

.. 12.343 ... 

. 15,47S . . . 

. 9,.511... 
.. 2.1 >5... 

. 2,227 . . . 
. . 2,824 . . . 

.193,0S7... 


Navigated 
by Steam. 
... 1-3,115 


Districts. 

Baltimore 

Oxford 


Pertn't. Tetnp'rj-. 
. . 67,061 23.6II9 . . 


Per.n't. 
. . . 57,612 . 
...12,066. 
. . . 14,941 . 
... 9,226. 
... 2.14S. 
... 2,221. 
. . . 2,299 . 

...100,514 


Ten 


r'ry. 










Snow Hill 

Si. M.iry's 

Town Creek 

Annapolis 

Total ... 


.. 67,061 23,609 .. 






-•• 


... 42 ... . 

... 25.... 
. . . . 1,903 .... 


336 
.. 13,451 



; as above, waa 15 vessels, of an aggregate burden 
4 steamers ; and of the whole araount, 66 vessels 
in Oxford, 27 sehoonere (1,.533 tons) in Vienna, and 



The total amount of shipping built in the State, in the year endinf 
of 15,965 tons, of which 16 were ships, 5 brigs, 125 schooners, and 
(11,653 tons) were built in Baltimore district, 31 schooners (1,753 tons) 
26 schooners (990 tons) in Snow Ilill. 

The following table exhibits the movements in the values of imports and exports for a series of years embraced between 
1791 and 1850 inclusive : 

Imports. 



Years. Exports. 

1791 $2,239,691 . 

1792 2,623,803 . 

1793 3,G65,(lfl6 . 

1794 6,636.191 . 

1795 5,311,330 . 

1796 9,201,315 . 

1797 9,811,930 . 

1798 12,746,190 . 

1799 16,299,609 . 

1300 12,264,331 . 

ISOl 12,767,530 . 

1S02 7,914,225 . 

1803 5,073,063 . 

1304 9,151,939 . 

1305 10,359,430 . 

1806 14,530,905 . 

1S07 14,293,034 . 

ISOS 2,721,106 . 

1309 6,627,320 . 

1310 6,439,013 . 



$- 



Yeara. Enports. 

1311 $6,3*3,937 ... 

1312 5,335,979 ... 

1313 3,737,865 ... 

1314 24S,4-S4 . . . 

1815 6,036,601 . . . 

1316 7,333,767 ... 

1317 8,933,930 ... 

ISIS 8,570,634 ... 

1819 5,926.216 ... 

1320 6,609,364 ... 

1821 3,850,394 . . . 

1822 4,536,796 ... 

1823 5,030,223 . . . 

1324 4,863,233 . . . 

1325 4,501,304 ... 

1326 4,010,743 ... 

1327 4,516.406 ... 

1323 4,.334,4-22 ... 

1329 4,804.455 ... 

1330 8,791,432 ... 



Imports. 



4,070,341 
4,7<.>--',4S6 
4,946,179 
4,551,442 
4,751,815 
4,923,669 
4,4116,703 
6,629,094 
4,304,136 
4,523,866 



Yearn, 


Esporls. 


Importfl. 


1331 ... 


....$4,303,647 .. 


. $4,S26.57T 


13:?3 ... 


.... 4,499,918 .. 


. 4.629,303 


1333 . . . 


.... 4,062,467 .. 


. 5,437,057 


18:M . . . 


.... 4,168,246 .. 


. 4,647,48.3 


1S35 ... 


.... 8,92.6,2:M .. 


. 6,647,163 


1336... 


.... 3,675,475 . 


. 7,131,867 


1887 . . . 


.... 3,739.917 . 


. 7,367,033 


1398 . . . 


.... 4,.5-24,675 . 


. 5,701,869 


1839 . . . 


.... 4,.'>76,.')61 . 


. 6,995.235 


1340 ... 


.... 5,763,763 .. 


. 4,910,746 


1341 ... 


.... 4,947,166 .. 


. 6,101,313 


1343 ... 


.... 4,9114,766 . 


. 4.417.078 


1343 ... 


.... 6.016.556 .. 


. 2,479,1.33 


1344 ... 


...'. 6,133,166 .. 


. 3,917,750 


l*!.") ... 


.... 6,369,053 . 


. 4,042,915 


1346 . . . 


.... 6,869,065 . 


. 4.042.915 


1347 ... 


.... 9,76-2,'ii4 . 


. 4,4.32.314 


134S ... 


.... 7,129,732 . 


. 6,.34.3,64S 


1349 ... 


.... 8,000,660 . 


. 4.976,731 


1360 ... 


.... 0,967,353 . 


. 6,124,201 



Sanl-s.—The aggregate condition of 23 banks and 2 branch banks in Marjiand, according to the returns of January, 
1351, were as foHows : I.ia?iiUti&s—(ai>iUt\ $18,123,331, circulation $3,532,869, deposits $5,833,706, due other banks 
$1,928,206, and other liabilities $9,395; and assrf.s— loans and discounts $14,900,816, stocks $700,417, real estate 
$406,245, other investments $763, due by other banks $1,173,200, notes of other banks $966,796, specie fund $73,562, and 
specie $2,709,055. 

Gmenimmt.—T\ie present constitution of Maryland was done in convention ISth May, 1851, ratified by the people 4tli 
June, 1861, and went into operation 4th .July, 1851. It supplanted the old constitution of 1776, which had, however, been 
amended more than twenty times. This constitution provides fhat every free white male citizen of the United States, 21 
years of age, resident in the Stale one year, and in the county, town, or city where his vote is offered, for the six mouths 
next preceding the election, may vote. Citizens removing from one part of the Slate to another do not lose one residence 
before acquiring another. Persons convicted of giving or receiving bribes, and persons kuowingly casting illegal votes, 
are forever disqualified to hold any office of trust or profit, or to vote at any election thereafter, and are in addition pun- 
ishable by fine and imprisonment. No citbten convicted of larceny or other infamous crime, unless pardoned, and no 
Innatic or non compos can vote. The general election is held on the first Wednesday in November. 

The I^fjislature is composed of a Senate of 22 members, one from each county and the city of Baltimore, and chosen 
for four years, and a IIouso of Delegates, composed of not less than 65 nor more than SO members (now 74) chosen for 
two years from single districts. Members of both houses must have resided in the State for three years, and in the district 
for wliicli elected for the last year thereof, and Senators must be at least 25, and delegates 21 years of age. After the 
returns of each federal census are published, commencing with that of 1350, the Assembly shall reapportion the delegates 
acconling to population, but Baltimore city shall always have fbur delegates more than the most populous county, and 
no county shall have less than two members. After 1854 the sessions will be biennial. No bill shall become a law unless 
passed by a majority of all the members elected, and on its flnal passage the ayes and noes shall be recorded ; and no law 
shall take effect until the 1st .Tune next after the session when it is passed. The Legislature meets at AnnapoUs on the 
first Wednesday in January annually. 



MARYLAND. 



The Governor is chosen by a plurality of votes, and hia term, commencing on the 2d "Wednesday of January, shall 
continue four years. He must be 30 years of age, a citiztn of the United Status, and a resident of the Stale f'.r five years 
preceding his election, and three years a resident of the district IVom uhicli he is ek-cted. For the purpose of electing the 
Governor the State is divided into three districts, and he is elected from each successively. The first district comprises 
SL Mary, Charles, Calvert, Prince George, Anne Arundel, Montgomery, and Howard counties, and Baltimore City; the 
6econd district, the eight counties of the Kasteni shore, and the third district, Baltimore, Frederick, "Washington, Alleghany, 
and Carroll counties, lie is obligated to reside at the scat of government during his official term. He may grant pardons, 
but not until after a publication in the newspapers of the applications made therefor and the day when a tuaritig will be 
had, and he shall report every case to the Legislature. In e:ise of vacancy the President of the Senate, and after him the 
Speaker of the House of Delegates shall act as Governor until an f-leetiou by the people. 

The adminutrative officers of the State are — a Secretary of State, appninled by the Governor to hold office during his 
term ; a State Treasurer and Comptroller, whose accounts the Governor is bound to examine semi-annually, or oftener if 
necessary; Commissioners of the Land Office, of Stamps, and of Public '\Vorks, and an Adjutant-general, the latter of 
which is appointed by the Governor, with the consent of the Senate, to hold office for six years. 

The Judiciary consists of a Court of Appeals, Circuit Court, Orphans* Court, etc. The Court of Appeals has appellate 
jurisdiction only ; the judges, four in number, are elected from districts by the voters therein for 10 years, unless they 
before reach the age of 70 years. They must be above 30 years of age, citizens of the State at least five years, resident of 
the judicial district from which elected, and have been admitted to practice in the State. The court appoints its own 
clerk, to hold office six years, and he may be re-appointed at the end thereof. The Governor, with the consent of the 
Senate, may designate any one of the four judges elected to be Chief Justice. The judicial districts are, 1st — Alleghany, 
"Washington, Frederick, Carroll, Baltimore, and Harford counties ; 2d — Montgomery, Howard, Anne Arundel, Calvert, St, 
Mary, Charles, and Prince George's counties ; 8d— Baltimore City ; and 4th— the eight counties of the Kastern shore. 
For the holding of circuit courts the Slate is divided into eiglit circuits, cacn of which elects a judge of the circuit court to 
bold office for 10 years. The circuits are, 1st— St. Mary, Charles, and Prince George counties; 2d— Anne Arundel, 
Howard, Montgomery, and Calvt-rt counties ; 3d — Frederick and Carroll counties ; 4th — "Washington and Alleghany 
counties; 5th— Baltimore city; 6th — Baltimore, Harford, and Cecil counties; 7th — Kent, Queen Anne, Talbot, and 
Caroline counties ; and 8th — Dorchester, Somerset, and Worcester counties. The qualifications of judges of ihe circuit 
courts are the same as those required for judges of appeals, except that they must be citizens of the TTnited States, and 
residents for two years in their judicial districts. There is in the oth district a court of common pleas, with jurisdiction in 
civil cases between $100 and $500, and exclusive jurisdiction in appeals from justices of the peace in the city of which it 
is composed ; and a superior court, with jurisdiction in ciuses over $500. Each of these eourts consist of one judge, elected 
by the people for ten years. There is also a criminal court, consisting of one judge, elected for six years. Clerks of the 
circuit courts in each county, and of the Baltimore courts, are chosen for six years, and are re-eligible. Each county, and 
Baltimore city, elects three persons as judges of the orphans' court, to hold office for four years; a register of wills for six 
years: justices of the peace, two sheriffs, and constables for two years. Attorneys for the commonwealth are chosen in 
each county by the people for four years. The office of Attorney-general was abolished by the new constitution. The 
court of chancery will cease to exist on the 4lh July, 1653, ha\'ing been granted that time to finish up its business. 

Among the provisions of the constitution are the following: "Teachers of religion, and those holding offices of profit 
under the State or United States, except justices of peace, are ineligible to the House of Delegates; two commissioners to 
revise and codify the laws of the State, and one or more to revise and simplify the practice, form of pleading, and con- 
veyancing, were to be appointed by the legislature at its first session ; persons any way engaged in any duel shall be for- 
ever incapable of holding any office of honor or tnist in the Slate, and holders of public money are ineligible until they 
pay the same into the treasury ; the Assembly shall pass laws to protect and secure the property of married women ; im- 
prisonment for debt is abolished; a reasonable amount of debtor's property, not exceeding in amount .^.'iOO, is exempt 
fVom seizure ; the relation of master and slave, as now existing, shall not be altered by the legislatiire ; no bank sliall be 
established, except with the individual liability of the stockholders to the amount of their shares ; corporations shall not 
be created by special laws, except for municipal and other specified purposes ; private property shall not bo taken for 
public use unless compensation be first paid or tendered ; the rate of interest shall not exceed sLx per cent. ; in all criminal 
cases the jun,- shall be judges of the law as well as the facta; all officers, except the Governor, whose pay exceeds $3,000 
per annum, shall account f'jr the excess under oath; after 1st April, 1S59, no lottery scheme shall be drawn nor ticket 
sold, and until that time the system shall be under a commissioner of lotteries; no debt shall be contracted exceeding 
$100,(100, nor unless the act creating it shall provide for a tax sufficient to pay the interest as it falls due, and ihc principal 
in 15 years, nor shall such taxes be repealed or applied to other purposes; the credit of the State shall never be given nor 
lent, nor shall the State be any way concerned in internal improvements; the monies levied to pay the public debt shall 
never be diverted until the debt is paid, or until the sinking fund equals the outstanding debt. 

At its first session after every federal census, the legislature sh.all pass a law to ascertain the sense of the people in 
regard to calling a convention to revise the constitution^ and if a majority vote therefor, a convention shall be called at 
the earliest convenient day— the delegates to be ejected by the several counties, and Baltimore city, in proportion to their 
representatives at the time when the convention may be called. 

The miiitia of Maryland, according to the Adjut ant-general's return of 1S50, consisted of 46,8&4 men of all arras, of 
which 2,397 were commissioned officers, and 44,407 non-commissioned officers, musicians, privates, and artificers; and of 
the commissioned officers, 22 were general offlci-rs, GS general staff officers, 544 field officers etc., and 1,7G3 company offi- 
cers. All free white male persons between IS and 45 years of age, and not exempt by law, are liable to do military duty. 
Finances, Public Behty ^?c.— The nominal debt of the StJite on the 1st December, 1S50, amounted to $15,424,351 46 ; 
but, deducting Baltimore and Ohio Pailroad loan, $3,260,000, total county loan, $163.GS9 G7, and Susquehanna and Tide- 
water i'anals loan, $1,000,000, otherwise provided for, the real debt amounted only to $10,900,691 79. The sinking fund at 
the above date amounted to $2,000,726, and must be deducted from the debt to get the present liabilities of the State. To 
meet these liabilities, in addition to the proceeds of a special annual tax. the State has $5,S41,S01 S4 in productive prop- 
erty, conaialingof stocks, bonds, etc., and $15,910,018 17 in property not n')W pr-idnctive. 

The balance in the treasury 1st December, 1S49, was $4S4,Si)-2 90, and the recei|ils during the year were $1,227.9S6 24, 
being a total of resources for the year ending 1st December, 1S50, amounting to $1,712,879 20 ; and the expenditures in 
the same year were $1467,470 86, leaving a balance of $24.5,408 84 for future appropriation. The principal objeets of ex- 
penditure were— for Annapolis and EIridge Kailroad $3,950 S3, ei^"il officers $14,614 97, colleges, academics, and schools 

m 



MARYLAND. 



$■21,699, in.ligoiil dfaf and dimib j:'2,:M0 DO, juJi.;iary.'f:35,sl.3 f>0,lcgislaluri' $.50.6:50 01, mililui $1,100, |i.-uUenliary $30,000, 
pensions $5,CT9 OS, surplus revoiuu' .$34,009 30, Stnte cciliinizution $10,000, iuterest on imblic dubt $090,540 30, redemption 
of funded arrears o! interest $o00..5o9 09. State tobacco inspection and warehouses $21,0l]l 77, contingent expenses $9.3.33 49, 
and miscellaneous e.xpenscs $-21,1 7'2 94; and the chief sources of himme were— auction duties and licenses $'2.5,6.35 44, 
raih-oads $1'29,S40 30, bank dividends and bonus $31,8,50 00, fines and forfeitures $5,03-2 86, licenses by county clerks 
$127,835 02, road stock dividends $46,490, stamps $63,079 75, lotteries and stamps on lottery ticliets $31,0.33 82, eanal com- 
panies $07,090, direct lax $43S,i'36 8S, taxes on Slate and city of Baltimore slocks $46,350 24, on collateral inhirilances 
$23,OCO 73, on commissions of executors and administrators $29,106 26, on commissions of tnistees $3,2S9 20, on foreign 
assurances $7,4S4 S7, ou policies of insurance $0,056, on protests $4,923, on certain ofHcers $10,551 56, on civil commis- 
sions $7,221 SO, and on incorporated institutions $25,870 53, tax on colonization $S,068 04, and State tobacco inspection in 
Baltimore $51,319 93. , 

The assessed value of all real and personal estate subject to taxation in 1S50, aijcording to the returns of tlic census of 
that year, was $190,003,025, but truly assessed, it woulil amount to $207,2.57,523. The aggregate of all taxes assessed 
amounted to $1,334,429; of this amount $444,506 was for State purposi'S, $330,727 for county purposes, $S9,S10 for school 
purposes, $22,651 for support of paupers, $14,800 for road repairs, etc., and $331,509 for other purposes. 

Federal Jlepivsentutim.—UaryVdad, in accordance with the provisions of the act of Congress, 23d May, 1350, sends 
six representatives to the national legislature. 

Rliieuticm.— The provisions for education in Maryland, though by no means sufHcient for the amount of population in 
the State, are still very respectable. The law with regard to schools has been recently amended, and in consonance with 
its provisions, the counties have been divided into school districts, in which it is imperative on the inhabitants to establish 
and mainUain schools for a certain period in each year. Many of the counties, however, have not yet complied with the 
law, but nevertheless there have been great improvements effected, and the prospect of future efflciency in all that per- 
tains to public schools is very promising. The means of cbtainmg education in this State, as they existed 1st June, 1S50, 
are returned in the census as follows : 

1. Primary schools— number 923, teachers 1,104, scholars 34,407, total annual income $225,260— namely, income from 
endowment $2,959, from taxation $75,290, from public funds $07,412, and from other sources $79,503. ' 

2. Academies, etc.— number 174, teachers 427, scholars 7,769, total annual income $200,430— namely, income from 
endowments $12,303, tjrom public funds $16,227, ai))! from other sources $173,803. 

8. Colleges and universities— number 12, professors 95, students 1,112, total annual income $124,71 4— namely, income 
from public funds $3,200, and from other sources $121,514. The principal collegiate institutions of the Suite are— St. John's 
College at Annapolis (formerly a branch of the University), founded in 1734 ; St. Mary's College (Catholic"), at B.altimore, 
founded 1S1)6 ; St, James' College (Episcopal), in Washington County, founded 1842 ; Mount SL Mary's College (Catholic), 
at Emmetlsburg, f.iunded 1830; 'Washington College, at Chestertown, founded 1733; Medical School of the University, at 
Baltimore, founded ISO"; Washington Medical College, also at Baltimore, founded 1S27, etc., etc. 

The whole number of white children who attended school within or during any part of the year, was 60,417, of which 
82,214 were males, and 23.233 females ; and the total number of free colored children was 1,610, of which 880 were males, 
and 930 females. Of al! classes, amounting to 02,003 ; those of native birth numbered 60,336, and those of foreign birth 1,679. 
Of those classed, "adults who can not read or write," the whites numbered 20,315—3,557 males, and 12,253 females ; and 
the free colored numbered 21,002—0,422 mates, and 11 640 females ; and of the total number of white persons of this 
class, 17,804 were native bom, and 3,451 foreigners. 

/»/■(;;■;«.- rublic libraries 17, containing ,'>4,750 volumes; private libraries 325—222,455 volumes ; school libraries S— 
6,335 volumes ; Sunday-school libraries 84—23,315 volumes ; college libraries 10—3:3,792 volumes ; and church libraries 5— 
1,850 volumes ; total 449 libraries, and 347,497 volumes. 

Pei-iodiad Press.— The whole number of periodicals published in Maryland in 1930 was 63, circulating at each issue an 
aggregate of 124,287 copies, .and annually 19,012,724 copies. Of this number, 39 were political— 22 whig in principle, 
circulating at eacli issue 19,172 copies ; and 17 democratic, circulating 12,405 copies ; 20 were miscell.aneous— 71,000 copies; 
6 religious— 13,950 copies ; 1 agricultural — 6,000 copies ; 1 musical— 1,000 ; and 1 colonization— 700 copies ; and of the whole 
number 6 were published daily, and issued annu-ally 15,800,500 copies ; 4 tri-weekly— 499,700 copies ; 54 weekly— 8,106,124 
copies ; 1 semi-monthly — 43,000 copies ; and 8 monthly— 92,400 copies. The dailies are all pubUshed in B.altimore city— the 
"Sun," the "Clipper," the "American," the "Patriot," the "Eepublican and Argus," and the "German Correspondent;" 
the tri-weetlies are also published solely in Baltimore, .and, with the exception of the " B. Uer-ild," are editions of the 
dailies, viz. : the " American," the " Patriot," and the " Eepublican and Argus ;" the weeklies are published— 3 at Cumber- 
land ; 2 at Annapolis ; 1 at EUicott's Mills ; 10 at Baltimore, four of which are editions of d.-ulies, namely, of the " Sun," 
of the " Clipper," of the " Patriot," and of the " Eepublican and Argus ;" 2 at Washington ; 2 at pikton ; 1 at Port To- 
bacco; 1 at Denton; 2 at Cambridge; 5 at Frederick; 1 at Caloctin; 1 at Emmetlsburg; 1 at Havre de Grace; 1 at 
Bel- Air; 1 at Charleslown; 1 at Eockville; 1 at Upper Marlboro'; 2 at Centreville ; 1 at Princess Anne; 1 at Leonards- 
torn] ; 2 at Easton ; 1 at Boonsboro' ; 1 at Clear Spring ; 7 at Dagirslown ; and 1 at Snow Hill ; the semi-monthly— the 
Lutheran Christian Messenger, was pul)lishe<l at Baltimore ; and the three monthlies also at Baltimore. 

Religious Dmominatimis.—1'he statistics of the several religious denominations in the State, in 1850, which are taken 
from the census returns of that year, were as follows: 



Denfttnin;,- No. "f 


Cliiircli 


Value of 


Denoiilina- No. of 


Cleirch 


Valoe of 


Denomiaa. 


No. of 


Cl.anh 


Value of 


tioD9. Chiiniies. 


acciim. 


Property. 


tions. Churi'liea 


accom. 


Projierty. 


tions. CI 


urdies 


arcom. 


Properly. 


Baptist 43 .. 


16,300 . 


. $132,310 


German Eef. 22 . . 


14,300 , 


. $197,800 


E. Catholic. 


65.. 


81,100 . 


.$1,161,532 


Christian — .. 


— 


— 


Jewish 3 .. 


1,400 . 


. 41,000 


Swedenbo'n. 


— .. 


— 


— 


Congreg.al'I. . — .. 





— 


Lutheran. ... 42 . . 


26,800 . 


. 237,960 


Tunker 


6 .. 


14.100 . 


8,400 


Dutch i:ef... — .. 


— 


— 


Mennonite... 4 .. 


850 . 


2,000 


Union 


10 .. 


4,250 . 


13,000 


Episcopal.... m3 .. 


60,105 


. 610,377 


Methodist... 479 .. 


181,715 . 


. 887,665 


Unitarian.. . . 


1 .. 


1,000 . 


. 104,000 


Free — .. 


— 


— 


Moravian ... 12 . . 


5,:M0 . 


. 82,500 


Universal ist. 


1 .. 


1,000 . 


. 26,000 


Friends 26 .. 


7,760 . 


. 114,050 


Presbyterian 67 .. 


23,2:35 . 


. 873,300 


Minor Sects. 


— •• 


— 


— 



—making a to'uil of 909 eh\irches, having accommodation for 890,063 persons, and owning property to the aggregate value 
of $3,947,564. MarvLand forms a diocese of the Protestant Episcopal Church; and«-ith the District of Columbia, and the 
county of Alexandria, in Virginia, the Eoman Catholic archrliru'ese of BaltUnore, which has for its sufflagan sees, Phila- 
delphia, Pittsburg, Charleston, Savannah, Eichmond, and Wheeling. 



MARYLAND. 



Pauperism and Cr^hn^.—Thc whole number of paupers who received support within the year ending 1st June, 1850, waa 
4,494—2,591 nativc-bom, and 1,903 f<jreigners ; and the whole numbt-r of jiaupc-rs in the State, at that period, was 2,001— 
1,681 native-born, and 320 foreigners. Annual cost of support $71,008. The whole number of criminals convicted within 
the same year was 207— 1S8 native-born, and 24 foreigners ; and the number in prison on the 1st June, 1S50, was SOT— 
325 native-born, and 72 foreigners. 

Historical Sketch.— Kmi Island was the site of the first white settlements within the limits of Maryland. In 1631, 
William Claiborne commenced a colony on this island. But the charter under which Maryland was permanently established 
was granted to Cecilius, Lord Calvert, second Lord Baltimore, by Cliarles I., and bears date 20th June, 1032. The name 
Terra Mariie, or Marj'Iand, was given it in honor of ITcnrJctta Maria, queen of the reigning monarch. The first settlers, 
chiefly Roman Catholics, sailed from the Isle of Wiglit, 23il November, 1(>33, and landed on the island of St. Clement, 
25lJi March, 1G34, and immediately took possession of the country with religious ceremonies. On (he 2.Tlh, they commenced 
a settlement on the mainland, at St. Mary's; and this is counted the date of the foundation of the colnny. These settlers 
of Maryland were refugees from ecclesiastical tyranny; and have been denominated by historians the " Pilgrims of SL 
Mary's." The first governor was Leonard Calvert. The first legislature convened in 1639, and adopted many wise and 
useful laws. Tobacco had already become so important a staple, that it was deemed expedient to tax its exportation, as a 
source of revenue. The great revoluticfn in England now began; the proprietary was a Catholic and adherent of tho 
king, and a congregation of Puritans, from Virginia, who had been expelled as non- conformists, in 1042, having settled in 
Maryland, now attempted to gain ascendancy in the government, and to some extent succeeded ; but they were overthrown 
again in H>46. In l&i9,the Assembly passed that noble act of religious toleration, which threw the mantle of charity over 
all, and in the benefits of which Catholic, Quaker, and Puritan, partk-ipated, for all had experienced the rigors of persecution- 
Monarchy having beeu overthroT\'n in England, the Puritan jx)wer rapidly increased, and again the proprietary was for a 
time suspended. In 1654, Lord Baltimore made efforts to regain tlit colony, and succeeded ; but scarcely had he resumed 
the reins of government when the Puritans again deposed him, and for the space of three years thereafter the peace of 
the colony was compromised by exoessos on both sides. During this period the Puritans were concentrated at Providence, 
now Annapolis, which they considered the actual sent of government, although St. Mary's continued to be the nominal 
capital. The power of the proprietary was now restored, and Philip Calvert, his brother, was appointed governor. In 
1060, twenty-six years from the foundation of the colony, the population of Maryland was about 12,000 ; in 1G65, it was 
16/100 ; and in 1671, it had increased to 20,000. The extension of poWtical organization had kept pace with population. 
"Up to this period, seven counties had been founded, but there were no considerable towns. Importations supplied the 
place of domestic manufactures, except such as were made in the families of the settlers. Mention of negro slaves is first 
made in the laws of Maryland in 1663, but it is probable that slavery existed m the colony anteriorly to that time. In 
1671, an act was passed to encourage their import;ition. Philip Calvert was superseded in 1662, as governor, by Charles, 
son of the Lord Proprietary, who acted in that capacity xmtil 1675, when, on the death of his ftither, he succeeded to his 
rights, and appointed Thomas Xotely as his representative. On the occurrence of the Kevolution, in 16SS, the king assumed 
the governnaent, and in 1791, appointed Sir Lionel Copley governor. Among the first acts of the new government was 
the removal of the capital from St. Mary*s to Providence, thenceafler known as Annapolis. The govemmejil was again 
restored to the family of the proprietary, in 1715. At this period, the iwpulation was estimated at 80,000, and the almost 
exclusive staple of jjroduetion was tobacco. Before 1607, the colonists had been without manufactures of their own ; but 
in that year an effort had been initiated to make woolen and linen cloths. Every attempt of this kind, however, was 
closely watched by Uie English government, and hence these efforts to supply a domestic manufacture either failed at once, 
or languished out a sickly existence. In 1714, Charles, Lord Baltimore, died, and his eon, Benedict Leonard Calvert, 
succeeded to the province, but lived only long enough to have his rights acknowledged. The principal obstacle to the 
recognition of the claim of this family was now removed, for the young heir had been educated a Protestant. In 1715, 
therefore, tlio authority of the proprietary was restored, and a commission in his name was issued to Hart, the last of the 
governors appointed by the king. From this period i:ntil the breaking out of the French war, in 1753, the history of 
Maryland is not marked by any great event. Its local annals are filled with relations of contentions between the proprieUiry 
and the people — the one struggling to maintain his hereditary privileges, and the otlier to establish their liberties. lu all 
these struggles are discernible the germs of the Kevolution of 1776. In 1740, Maryland contributed 500 men and £7,500 
to the disastrous expedition against the Spanish Main. A noble fleet of nearly 100 vessels, including 30 ships of the line, 
commanded by Admiral Vernon, and an army of 12,000 men, under General Wentworth, assembled at Jamaica, in 1741. 
"With this imposing force, a descent was made on Cartagena, which was rendered abortive rather by the malignity of the 
climate than the prowess of the enemy. It was calculated that nine out of ten of these levies perished in this most fatal 
enterprise. The province, in 1748, contained about 130,000 inhabitants, of whom 04,000 were white, and 30,000 colored 
persons. In 1745, the first, and for a long time the only newspaper in the colcmy, the " Maryland Gazette,*' was published 
at Annapolis, but a printing press had been set up some forty years before this, for printing the laws and public documents. 
In 1756, the number of inhabitants was computed at 154^183, exhibiting the very satisfactory increase of 24,188, or about 
18.6 per centum in eight years. 

The development of the resources of the province had perhaps hardly kept pace with this advancement of population. 
The policy of England continued to be rigorous in the discouragement of domestic manufuctures, and its repressive meas- 
ures were not without effect. Meanwhile the legislature of the province offered bounties in land for the erection of flour- 
mills, iron furnaces, and forges, and other works of industry, and its efforts succeeded to a considerable extent. In 1749, 
there were in the colony eight furnaces and nine forges. In 1742, copper works were in operation. The great staple 
export, however, was tobacco — in 1747, 5,000 hogsheads were exported. For many purposes tobacco was the wirrency 
of the province, and in certain years the great depression in the price of this article drew out the specie of the colony to 
meet the balance accruing in its foreign trade. The government sought to remedy this evil by an issue of bills of credit, 
"Which experiment, of coin^c, proved unavailing. In 1732, tobacco was made a legal tender at one penny per pound, and 
Indian corn at 20 pence a bushel ; but the issue of paper money continued, even after this expedient, to supply the place 
of a safe and convenient currency. 

The boundary disputes of Maryland with the adjoining provinces have become somewhat famous among controversies 
of that kind ; the most celebrated was that which concerned her northern and part of her eastern frontier, and which 
resulted in the establishment of -'Mason and Dixon's Line." This dispute had an even date almost with the original 
grant to Lord Baltimore. His grant, it was contended, covered all the territory bordering the Atlantic and Delaware 
Bay, between 35° and 40° N. lat, including the whole of the present State of Delaware and a considerable strip of Pews- 
i44 



MARYLAND. 



sylvania; but this portion of his grant was at the time occupied by setUements of the Swedes, who were subsequently 
conquLTctl by the Dutch. After the latter were dispossessed, the territory wrested- from them was conferred by a special 
grunt from the Duke of York, in 16V2, upon William Penn. A decree was obt:iined in IGSG by Penn, confirming to him 
the boundaries named in his grant; but the Proprietary of Marjiand refused to submit, and from this time to 1732 the 
dispute was the cause of almost ceaseless litigation between the Proprietaries of the two colonies, and of violence and 
outrage on the border. At length, in consequL^nce of a decree in chancery in favor of the heirs of William Pouu, granted 
in 1750, commissioners were appointed to determine and mark the line mentioned in the decree of 1GS5. The " scientific 
gentlemen' employed in this important service, probably the chief surveyors, were Messrs. Mason and Dixon, from whom 
this celebrated boundary received its name. They began at the angle formed by the intersection of the boundary line 
between Delaware and Maryland with that between Pennsylvania and Maryland, and proceeded westward 130 miles, 
whon iheir operations were suspended by fear of hostilities from the Indians. At the end of every mile they set up a 
stone, with ihe letter **P" and the arms of the Penns engraved on the north side, and "M," wiUi the cscatchi.'on of Lord 
Baltimore, on the south. In 17S2-3 a continuation was made of " Mason and Dixon's line*' to its western terminus ; this, 
however, was looked upon as a mere temporary arrangement, and the controversies and recriminations continued ; and 
complaints were made to the Governor of Virginia, who appealed to the Supreme Executive Council of Pennsylvania to 
come into some arrangement to efTect a permanent and acknowledged boundarj-. "For this desirable purpose each 
State selected the best and raost suitable men within its reach, bo that their work, when completed, would merit and 
receive entire confidence in ils accuracy." The commissioners on the part of Pennsylvania were David Itittenhouse, John, 
Ewing, and Captain Hutciiius; those on the part of Virginia were Andrew Ellieolt, Kev. James Madison, Uev. liobert 
Andre.ws, and T. Page. They performed the duty assigned them in the fall of 17S4. The line having been thus carried 
to its western terminus, it only remained to ran a meridian line from that point to the Ohio River to close this long-pro- 
tracted controversy. This task was committed to Messrs. Rittenhouse and Porter, on the part of Pennsylvania, and 
Andrew Kllicott and Joseph Neville on that of Vb'ginia. They entered on their work in May, 17S5, and on the 23d August 
they had made a final report, loc-ating the western boundary of Pennsylvania, as now acknowledged, from the south-western 
corner of the State to the Ohio Elver ; for Virginia had no special interest in extending the line further north, having 
finally relinquished in favor of the general government her claims to territory north and west of the Ohio the year before. 

In the contest which annihilated French dominion in America Maryland bore a gallant part. Eraddoek's unfortunate 
expedition against Fort Duquesne was organized in this proviace, and marched from Frederick in the si)ring of 1751. 
After the defeat and death of this general a fearful panic pervaded tho frontier region of all the Middle States, and ex- 
tended in Maryland even to the Bay Shore. Numbers of the inhabitants fled to Baltimore, and even prepared t:> leave 
the country altogether. From this lime until the capture of Fort Duquesne in 175S, the western part of Maryland waa 
kept in constant terror, and of course the incidents of the war fully occupied the attention of the people and the pubhc 
aulhorilies. The progress of popul;4Joa during these years of Indian warfare was necessarily slow. The inhabitants in 
17G1 numbered lG4.i)U7, of whom 114,332 were whites, and 49,675 slaves, showing an increase for five years following 1756 
of somewhat less than 10,000. The relative increase was but little over half as great as that of the preceding five years. 
The extension of settlements toward the west was also suspended during the war. 

From the conclusion of the French war until the commencement of the Eevolution, the history of Marjiand, like that 
of most of the other colonies, is a narrative of usurpations upon public hbcrty attempted by the royal government and 
resisted by the people. In 1765, Uie stamp act, and afterward the tea tax, excited general indignation and hostility. 
The most violent opponents of these measures took the name of •' Sons of Liberty.'* As the contest drew toward the 
issue which had been inevitable from the beginning, the Proprietary government fell, as a matter of course, giving place 
to local and general committees of safety, and to conventions assembled in the name of the people, to supply the want of 
a more regular authority. The war, which had long been expected, and for which great preparations were made, com- 
menced with the desultory fight at Lexmgton. 19lh April, 1775. 

The Eevolution having now fairly commenced, elections were held throughout the province in August, 1776, for dele- 
gates to a convention to frame a ConsL^ution and State Government. This body assembled August 14th, and by the 10th 
September a bill of rights and a consiuution were reported. On the 3d November the Constitution was adopted in con- 
Tculion, and elections ordered to carry it into effect The system of government established by this first erjuslitution of 
Maryland was repuhlican, and as nearly democratic as the state of public opinion of that day, and the circumstances under 
■which it was adopted, gave reason to expect 

The elections took place in November, as provided for in the constitution, and the legislature convened at Annapolis on 
the 5lh February, 1777. On the 13lh February Thomas Johnson was chosen first constitutional governor of Marjiand. 

Throughout the Eevolutionary War the services of the Maryland troops were marked by gallantry and efhcic-ncy. In 
the first considerable action after that of Bunker's Hill, Ihe '* Maryland line'' signalized its valor and took a high position 
among the several corps of the continental army. They were under the command of Col. Wm. Smallwood, who after- 
ward became a major-general, and one of the most distinguished oflBcers whose achievements in the struggle illustrate the 
bravery of his native state. In the battle of Long Island, and in those of Ilarlem Heights, White Plains, and Fort Wash- 
ington, the Maryland regiments were conspicuous for their courage and discipline ; nor were they less so in the memora- 
ble actions at Trenton and Princeton. With the exception of actions in the campaign against Burgoyne, indeed, there 
was no prominent battle of tho war, from Brooklyn Heights to Yorktown, in which the Marylanders did not take an 
active part; and under every commander— Washington, La Fayette, De Kalb, and Greene— they earned special notice 
and applause for gallantry and good conduct Tho number of troops ftirnished by Maryland during the war was 15,229 
regulars, and 5,407 militia ; and the expenditures of the State amounted to $7,568,145 in^pecie, a large portion of which 
was raised by tlie sale of confiscated British property within the State. 

On the 23d December, 17n3, the brilliant drama of the Eevolution waa closed by Washington's resignation of his com- 
mission. This event took place at Annapolis, in the presence of Congress, the State legislature, many oQlccrs who had 
served through the war, and a crowd of deeply interested spectators. The ceremony constitutes a scene in our history 
Bccond in solemnity and importance only to the reading of the Declaration of Independence. 

The Federal Constitution was readily and heartily adopted by Maryland. The convention that accepted It on the part 
of the State met on the 21st April, 17S3, and adjourned on the 28th, havmg agreed to the instrument, without reservation 
or amendment, by a vote of 63 to 11. 

From this period to the war of 1S12, the history of Marjiand presents nothing calling for special notice. During that 
war Admu-al Cockbum, commanding the British naval forces, committed on the shores of Chesapeake Bay a series of 

445 



MAIiriiAND. 



wanton outrages ngainst the propei-ty and persons of the citizens. In the spring of 1918 the villages of Frenchtown, ITavro 
de Grace, Frederick town, and Georgelown, were plundered and burned l)y his orders, and in August, 1S14, occurred tho 
expedition of General Ross against tho city of Washington. Cockburu, since the opening of the preceding year, had been 
cruising about the bay and the moutli of the Potomac with four ships of tho line and six frigates; in the course of the 
summer he was largely re-enforced, and in August a landing was effected at Benedict, on the Patiixent, some thirty-flve 
miles south-east of Washington. The land force was undtT tlie command of General Ross, and wa;* 5,000 strong. It 
proceeded toward Washington ; the militia of Maryland and of the District assembled under General Winder to oppose 
their march ; but the Americans were in no condition to resist their numerous and well disciplined enemies. The army 
retured to Bladensburg, and was re-enforccd by General Stansbury with 2,100 Maryland troops, including the sailors and 
marines of Commodore Barney. At this point it was resolved to risk an action in defense of the national capital. The 
result of the confiiet that ensued was not fortunate to the American arms. 

The British gained a complete victory, though at a cost of life much greater than the loss sustained by the Americans. The 
victors mart-hed on to Washington, occupied the city as long as Ihey thought advisable, and then felumed to their ship- 
ping at Benedict. They, however, sullied the laurLds which thou* daring and successful expedition might have gained for 
them by an act of Vandalic barbarism to which the annals of modern warf:ire among civilized nations hardly furnishes a 
par-illel. While in secure possession of the seat of government, they burned and destroyed the Capitol, the president's 
house, the offices of the treasury, war, and navy, all the national records accessible to them, the public library, and other 
property belonging to the public and individuals. Their loss in this expedition is said to hare been four hundred in killed 
and wounded, and five hundred prisoners. At nearly the same time Alexandria was occupied and plundered, or laid, 
under tribute. The remaining principal incidents of the war particularly belonging to the history of Maryland, arc tho 
battle of North Point and the defense of Baltimore. The British forces engaged at North Point numbered 5,000, and were 
under General Rosa. He was killed in a skirmish between parties of the advance immediately before the battle. The 
Americans were commanded by General Striker, who had under his command 3.200 men. The result of the engagement 
was unfavorable to the invaders, though tho American general judged it prudent to retire toward Baltimore. The British 
lost about 400 men, and the Americans about half that number. The battle of North Point was fought 13th Sept., 1S14. Oa 
the evening of next day the enemy commenced a bombardment of Fort M'llenry, the work chiefly relied upon for the de- 
fense of the city. The attack was gallantly repelled, and the failure of the operations during the night, which were con- 
ducted by land and water, was so complete that a day or two after the land forces were taken on Vi'iard the shipping, and 
all attempts against Baltimore were abandoned. On the 16ih of the month the hostile fleet was seen standing down the bay. 

From the earliest p(^riod the condition of the African race in Marj'land had attracted much attention. By gradationsj 
which there are now no means of tracing, this class of the population had attained in 1790 the number of 111,079, of which 
8,043 were free, and 103,036 were slaves. The tendency of public opinion in this State, for many years subsequent to tho 
commencement of the RevohUion, seemed favorable to emancipation, and its effect was perceived in the gradual increase 
of free blacks. It was shown by the census of ISOO that the free colored had gained 11,544 during the preceding ten 
years, equal to 143 per centum, while the slaves had increased only 2,599, or about 2-J per centum. The decennial census 
from this period exhibited an equally remarkable increase of free negroes and decrease of slaves, so that from 1790 tolSSO 
the free negroes had increased S21 per centum, and the slaves had decreased more than 12 per centum. The decennial 
movement is shown elsewhere. But during the first twenty years of tliis period there had been a small increase of slavesj 
60 that for the next thirty years to 1S40 the falling off" had been 21.765, or about 19 per centum; which decrease, if sus- 
tained, would have extirpated slaver>' in Maryland in a very short time ; but owing to various circumstances in the 
history of the times, the policy of emancipation, without a provision for the removal of the persons whose condition was 
affected by it, began to be looked upon with disfavor, and a provision was inserted in the constitution of 2S36, declaring 
"That the relation of master and slave in this State shall not be abolished, unless a bill for that purpose shall be passed 
by a unanimous vote of both branches of the General Assembly, be published three months before anew election, and be 
unanimously confirmed by a succeeding Legislature." Thus was checked effectually the disposition to public emancipa- 
tion; but individuals continued to exercise it, and the prevalence of this desire t§ confL-r freedom upon slaves gave 
occasion to the institution of the American Colonization Society about the year l^\d; a branch of the association was 
established in Maryland, but in order to obviate certain features in the organization and proceedings of the General 
Society not acceptable to the friends (jf colonization in this State, it was determined to establish an independent colony in 
Africa f-'r the blacks of Maryland. Tlie Legislature extended its fostering care to tho enterprise, and an annual appro- 
priation of $20,000 was allowed to the Socitty, which is yet continued. The Marj'land colony has flourished, having now 
a considerable trade, and being visited at stated periods by regular packets from Baltimore. 

Annapolis is the political capital of the State. 



Maryland, t. and p. v., Otsego county, y. Y.: 63 m. 
W. J S. Albany. Drained by Schenevns er. and its branches. 
Surface varied, in some parts mountainous ; soil rich and 
ft-rtile, with excelk-nt pasturage. The v. is situate cenlraHy 
on the Albany and Itliaca post-road, and contains several 
mechanic shops, saw-mills, etc. Pop. of t 2,152. 

Maryland Line, p. o., Baltimore co.. 3fd. : on the N. 
line of the State, and the Baltimore and Susquehanna R. R., 
52 m. N. Annapolis. ' 

Mauystville, p. city, and cap. Tuba co., Calf. : on the N. 
bank of Yuba r., 9S m. N. N. E. Vallejo. It contains the 
court-house and clerk's office, 6 hotels, a number of mills, 
and some stores and shops, A steamer plies daily between 
this city and Benecia, touching at Sacramento. There are 
two newspapers printed here, the " California Express," and 
"Marysvitle IlLTald." both Iri-wcekly and weekly issues. 
The population of Marj-sville is between 7.000 and 3,000. 

Maeysvu.le, p. v., and cap. Fnion co., OIn'o: 25 m. 
N. W. Columbus, on the 9. side Mill cr., a branch of the 
446 



Scioto r. It contains a court-house, jail, and several dwelV 
ings. The "Tribune'' (whig) is published here. Popula- 
tion 605. 

Marysvtlle, p. 0., Paulding co., 0<i.: 127 m. N. W. 
Milledgevilie. 

Marysville, p. v., and cap. Blount co., Tenn. : on a 
branch of Pistol cr., 15 m. S. Knoxville, and 157 m. E. S. E. 
Nashville. ,The v. contains the county court-house and 
other public buildings, also the South-western Theological 
Seminary (Ibunded in 1S21), and which had (in 1850) 3 
professors, 24 students, and 90 graduates, with a library 
containing G.OOO volumes. Pop. of the v. about 600. 

JfARvsvn.LE. p. v., and cap. Benton co. Oreff. : on the W. 
side of Willamette r., at the mouth of Mary's r., 32 m. S. S. W, 
Salem. The village site is prairie, which extends 6 or 7 m. 
northward ; hut Umber is plentiful on the rivers. The mouth 
of Mary's r. may be considered as the head of navigation 
above the falls at Oregon City, owing to rapids which 
steamers stem with great difl3culty. 



MAR 



E. 



19 m. E. 



Maevstole, p. v., Campbell co., Virg- : on N. side of 
Staunton r., 103 m. W. S. W. Kichmoad. 

Martsctlle, p. v., Benton co., In. : in the N. E. part of 
CO.. 5 m. S. Ce.lar r., 36 m. N. W. Iowa City. 

Makytiluk, p. v., Nodaway en.. Mo. : on W. side of One 
Hundred and Two r., 194 m. N. W. Jefferson City. 

Masakdis, l and p. o., Aroostooli county, Jfe .• 171 m. 
N. N. E. Augusta. Drained by St. Croix, or M.nsardis r. 
md its bmnches. Surface varied; eoU good, willi Bne 
Umber lands. Pop. of t. 12-2. 

Mascoutau, p. v., St. Clair co.. III. : 91 m. S. by W. 
Springlield, on the edge of a fertile prairie. 
Silver cr. 

MASHArAuo, p. o., Tolland county, Omn. 
Hartford. 

M-«os county. III. Situate W. centrally, and contains 
468 sq. m. It has Illinois r. on the W., and the Sangamon 
and Salt er. on the S., occupying the tongue of land between 
them. Surface undulating; soil verj" fertile; the largest 
part is prairie, and the lowest parts subject to inundation. 
Corn, wheat, and most grains yield largely, and parts are 
excellent pasture. Farms 727; manuf. 3; dwell. 1.041, and 
pop.— wh. 5,S9S, fr. col. 23— total 5,921. Ciipltal : Bath. 

Mason county, .ffy. Situate N. E., and contains 194 sq. m. 
Drained S. by Johnson's cr. and North Lick, branches of 
Licking r, and N. by small affluents of the Ohio, which 
forms its N. boundary. Surface various ; soil of great fer- 
tmty. Tobacco, fla.\, hemp, corn, and wheat are aU large 
products. Kye, oats, and potatoes are good crops. Great 
numbers of sheep and swine are reared, and pork is a large 
export. It has superior facilities for commerce and manu- 
factures, and the latter are very extensive, consisting of cot- 
ton and woolen goods, flonr, leather, liquors, earthen-ware, 
cordage, bagging, iron castings, etc. Most of the im- 
ports and exports of the N. E. part of the State reach the 
Ohio through this co. Farms &SS ; manuf. 221 ; dwell. 2,42-3, 
and pop.— wh. 13,675, fr. col. 3So, si. 4,2S4— total 15,344. Cap- 
ital : Washington. PuUic Works : Maysvillc and Lex- 
ington E. E.. Maysville and Big Sandy E. E. 

Masos county, JficA. Situ.ate W. on Lake Michig,ln, 
and contains 504 sq. m. Drained by Memoosic, Sable, and 
Notipecago rivers. This co. is little settled and unorgan- 
Ired, visited only or mostly by lumbermen in quest of the 
fine timber with which it is densely covered. Farms 0; 
manuf. 5; dwell. 12, and pop.— wh. 93, fr. col. 0— total 9.3. 
Masos county, Virg. Situate W., and contains 372 



MAS 

sq. m. Bounded N. and Vf. by the Ohio, and intersected 
by the Great Kanawha, which receive a few small streams 
ill the CO. Surface hilly ; soil very productive, and excellent 
pasture land. Corn is the staple crop. Superior wheal is 
raised in moderate quantities. It has good water-power, con- 
venient markets, several valuable salt-springs, and some coal. 
Farms 863 ; manuf. 9 ; dwell, l.l-il. and pop.— wh. C.S48, fr. 
col. 49, si. 647.— total 7,,'>.39. Ciipital : Point Pleasant. Put- 
lie Works : Co\ington and Ohio E, E. 

Mason, p. v., Ingham co., Mich. : on a branch of Willow 
cr., 13 m. S. by E.Lansing. It has several bnildings, and 
about 300 inhabitants. 

Masox, t. and p. v., Hillsboro CO., K Ilnmp.: 33 m. S. 
Concord. Drained by Souhegan r. and several small 
streams. Surface rugged and hiUy ; soil strong and deep, 
but stony, well adapted to grass or grata. The streams 
afford inotive power to several mills. Mason Village, at the 
terminus of the Petersboro' and Shirley E. E., in N. part of 
t.; is the seat of a number of cotton and woolen manufacto- 
ries, and other handicrafts. Pop. of 1. 1,226. 
Mason-, p. o., Warren co., Ohio: 71 m. S. W. Columbus. 
Mafos Hale, p. o.. Orange CO., K Car. : 45 m. N. W. 
Ealeigh. The North Carolina Central R. E. pasiics it. 

M.«0Nic Coleege, Marion CO., Mo. : 12 m. W. Palmyra. 
Tlie college was founded in 1S31— in 1S.50 it had a president, 
5 professors, and 45 smdents. It has also a good libr.ary. 
This was originally a manual labor est,al)lishment, and owns 
a large h-act of highly improved farming land. 

Mason's Grove, p. o., Madison en., Tfnn. : on the S. fork 
of Deer r.. 127 m. W. S. W. Nashville. 

Masonsvilee, sta., Windham Co., Conn. : on the Norwich 
and Worcester E. K., 44 m. N. AUjti's Point. 

Masontown, p. v., Fayette county, Penn. : 3 m. E. 
Monongahelar., 169 ra. W. by S. Harrisburg. 

Masoxvilee, p. v.. Lauderdale CO., Ala. : 2 m. N. Muscla 
Shoals of Tennessee r., 1S7 m. N. N. W. Montgomery. 

^UsoNVlEEE, L and p. v., Delaware co., N. K ; 87 m. 
S. W. Albany. Drained by tributaries of the Susquehanna r. 
Surface for the most part mountainous- a ridge of mount- 
ains extending through it ; soil varied— in the valleys rich 
and fertile. There arc excellent timber lands, producing 
and other timber. Principal manufactures .are Hour, 
and fulled cloths. The v. is situated in the N. W 
part of the t. on a small cr., and contains several fine 
dweUings, and about COO inhabitants. Population of the t. 
1,550. 



pine 
leather, t 



- THE STATE OF MASSACHUSETTS.* 

Massac^setts, the parent State of New England, and the chief manufacturing district of the ^";'«' SJ-^te'^'^t^^^^^^^^ 
north bv New llamshife and Vermont, east by the Atlantic Ocean, south by the Atlantic TAode Ishtm , ™' ^onne ticu^^ 
and wek bv New York. It b situated between 410 ]5' and 42° 52' latitudes north, and between 690 54 ^^^/'f-'*J°^f 
tudes west "from Greenwich, or 3° 2S' and 70 03' ea.st from W.ashinglon. This State h,is a general ^f™''* "f""' ™^ 
than 6.» miles, with a length of about 160 miles ; but in the eastern part it exten.ls abruptly to the breadth of 90 md ^ 
and shoots a long narrow tongue of sand into the ocean, which extends neariy 50 miles beyond the "'»"";™^; ^"^ "=» 
of the Slate is estimated at 7.S00 square miles. Although the surface is generally hilly, and m some places '''■??« ■""P"" 
of it rises to an elevation of 4.000 feet, the isolated peak called Saddle Mountain, in the "°f ''-^<=''"" 7™;"^^„^^^^^^^^ 

feet above the level of the sea. The Green luouniains 
p Taeonic ridges, which 



the loftiest summit within its limits, being not more than 3.6 



enter the western part of Massachusetts from the north, forming Ihe Hoosic and Taghkannuo h„„nHirv of 

run nearly parallel to each other southward into Connecticut. The Taghkannuc ridge is ™;>;»; J"'^™ ^^^ ^ "^ 
the Slate-its most elev.al,;d peaks are Saddle Mountain, above referred to, on *'' "«"'■; °";'^"S''^f™;'*'?""f^^^^^^^^ 
the south, the latter being S.noo feet in height. The Hoosic ridge has no summits above half these ^'^^^ »' "s • ■' ^ividee 
the waters of the Connecticut from those of the Ilousatonic. The White Mountain range enters Ih.s »'"'» ■'om New 
Hampshire, a little to the east of the Connecticut, and running southcriy, divides below Northampton into the Mount Tom 
and ivme ranges. Mount Tom and Mount Holyoke are peaks in this rangs^the first 1,214 fee and the '^'^^ S.," je^ 
above'the level of the Counecticut Elver, which flows between them ; Wacluisett, a solitary mountain ,„ the """^-eastera 



part of Worcester Ojunty, is 2,01S feet above the level of the sea. 



Eastward of these mnges, the surface is for the most 



part broken by gentle swells, and in the south-east, spreads out into a level sandy plain, which extends from the margins 
of the oct-an, and is confmiu'd in Ihe peninsula of Cape Cod. 



* The name orthis Elate pro'^nl.ly arose from the name of a tribe of Indians forrn-rly at B«rn9t:»lilp, < 
the former sisnlfjing an 7nJ.'an an-„u- A^ad, and the htter a A.V/. It is stateiHI.at the Sachem who ^ „„,„„, 

, lived on fl hill in the l^rm of an Indian arrow-h.^d. a lew miles south of Bo.too, and iraa.called by the naU.e, M«W.TOfl»T. 



from two Indian wonis, ttuis and welutet, 
■erned m lliis repi>n, on Ihe landing of lUs 



pUgnm 



447 



MASSACHUSETTS. 



The county of Barnstable is a peninsula commonly called the Peninsula of Cape Cod. Its shape^s that of a man's 
arm bent inward both at the elbow Jind at the wrist. A great part of this peninsula ia barren, and in many places wholly 
destitute of vegetation. The inhabitants derive their support principally from the ocean. Nantucket Island lies south 
of Cape Cod. It is of a triangular form, 15 miles long, and in its widest part about 11 milea ; and is little more than a 
heap of sand without a tree of native growth upon it— yet it maintains a numerous population distinguished for activity 
and enleri)rise. The island affords some pasturage, and cattle and sheep in considerable numbers are raised on it. Tho 
climate is much milder than that of the neighboring continent South-east of this island, out of sight of land, lie the Nan- 
tucket Shoals, a dangerous sand-reef about 50 miles long and about 45 miles broad, and which has been the scene of many 
dreadful shipwrecks. Martha's Vineyard, to the west of Nantucket, is about 21 miles long, and from 2 to 10 miles broad. 
The soil is for the most part poor, but many sheep and cattle are raised, and the people are much employed as pilots or in 
the fisheries. There is a spacious harbor on the north side of the island called Holmes's Hole, and vessels bound to the 
eastward aro frequently seen here in great numbers, waiting for a wind to enable them to double Cape Cod. It is calcu- 
lated that more than 1,000 vessels anchor here in the course of a year. The Elizabeth Islands are sixteen in number, ex- 
tending in a line from the elbow of Cape Cod Peninsula westward, and forming the south-eastern side of Buzzard's Bay. 
No Man's Land is a small island south-west of Martha's Vineyard. Plum Island, off the east coast, extends from New- 
buryport southward to Ipswich. It is 9 miles long and 1 broad, j,nd is separated from the mainland by a narrow sound, 
over which a bridge has been built. In the season when plums are ripe, this island is the resort of the neighboring in- 
habitants, and a scene of lively amusemenU 

The valley of the Connecticut, which, varying in width, extends through the State in a direction north and south, cod- 
fiists, for the most part, of a sandy alluvion. The lower flats are fertile, and produce rich crops of grain. In the vicmity 
of Hadley in this valley are extensive fields of broom-corn, and the manufacture of this article into brooms absorbs a oon- 
Biderable portion of the labor of the towns in the neighborhood. A portion of this valley is occupied by sandy tracts, 
which yield light crops of rj'e and maize. Some of these plains are covered with low pine forests. The valley of the 
Housatonic extends nearly in the same direction with that of the Connecticut, and consists of alluvial tracts of the same 
description. The valley of thcHoosic in the north-west consists of an almost uninterrupted succession of intervale, about 
a mile in width, extremely rich, and ornamented with the liveliest verdure. The waters of this stream are remarkably 
limpid, and wind their way along this valley through luxuriant meadows and pastures, green to the water's edge, and 
fringed with willows and other moisture-loving growths. 

Every part of the State is well watered ; but in genera! the streams are more useful for agricultural and manufacturing 
purposes than as channels of communication. The Connecticut crosses the western part of the State from north to south, 
intersecting the counties of Franklin. Hampshire, and Hampden, and passes into Connecticut. By means of short canals 
round several falls of the river, it has bevn made navigable for small vessels through its whole course in this State. Its 
principal trlbularies are the Deerfleld and Westlleld Kivers from the west, and Miller's and Chicopee Pavers from tho 
east — all of which afford the best of wat*T-power, and at their several falls are scenes of busy industry. The upper watera 
of the Housatonic lie on the west of the mountains, and flow southward into Connecticut. The Quinnebaug and Black- 
etono Kivers have also their sources in this State. Charles' Kiver, reaching the sea at Boston, and Taunton River, which 
falls into Narragansett Bay, are useful mill-streams. The Nashua and Concord Rivers are tributaries of the Merrimac, 
which last finds the sea at Newburj-port, near the northern boundary line. The Merrimac. after entering this Slate-from 
New Hampshire, has a course east and north-e.ist, ami is na\'igable for sloops to Haverhill, 20 miles from its mouth. 

The northern shore of Massachusetts is bold and rocky, and the coast everj'where is deeply indented, and presents 
eeveral fjur projecting peninsulas and headlands, forming bays. of immense extent Massachusetts Bay, which gives its 
name to the Stnte, extends between Cape Ann, which projects sea-ward about 13 miles on the north, and Cape Cod on tho 
south. It is about TO miles in length, and comprises Boston Bay and Cape Cod Bay. On the south-^m coast is Buzzard's 
Bay. about 30 miles in length, and comprising a large number of fine and secure harbors. Boston Harbor is one of the 
finest in the world — cap.acious, safe, easy of access, and easily defended ; but in the winter season it is often ice-bound. 
New Bedford on Eiuzard's Bay has a fine hariior, and is tho greatest whale-ship depot of the Union. The Peninsula of 
Nahant a few miles north of Bost<5n HarI>or, is connected with the mainland by Lynn Beach, two miles in length, and 
from its fine open situation, has been a favorite place of resort during the hot season of summer. * 

Massachusetts is not, as far as yet ascertained, rich in minerals. Iron is found in various parts of the State, and is ex- 
tensively worked. It appears chiefly in the form of bog ore. Sulphuret of iron, or pyrites, occurs in the central districts, 
where it is used for the manufacture of copperas : and the plumbago found at 'Worcester and Stockbridge is used in tho 
manufacture of lead pencils and crucibles. Lead mines exist in tho Connecticut valley. The white clay of Martha's 
Vineyard furnishes alum ; and anthracite coal is now obiaincd in the graywacke district to the west of Taunton River. 

It is on its building material, however, that Massaeliu?ietts relies for distinction. Granite of excellent quality abounds in 
Quincy and vicinity, and is extensively quarried and shipped to nearly every Atlantic port, in greater or leaser degree. 
The Astor House at New York, the front of the Trcmout House at Boston, and the Bunker Hill Monument are built 
of this stone. Blocks and shafts of almost any dimensions may bo obtiiued. Granite suitable for building is also found 
at Gloucester, Fall River, Filchburg, and many other places. Gneiss, nearly answering the same purposes, is found in 
many parts, and serpentine, suitable for ornamental architecture, exists in Middlefleld, West Field, NewbuT}', etc Lime- 
stone is extensively dislributed. Berkshire is renowned for the fine marble it produces, denominated primitive marble. 
Its prevailing color is white, and some of the varieties admit of a flue polish ; more or less is quarried in almost every 
town of Berkshire. The City Hall in New York, and the Girard College in Philadelphia, are built of marble from 
this district Soap-stone, and argillaceous or roofing slate, are found in various parts, and potter's clay, used in the manu- 
facture of common delft, and kaolin, or porcelain clay, are abundant Pe.it is found and used as a common fuel in many 
towns in the eastern part of the State ; and what adds to the importance of this article is, tliat it is frequently situated where 
■wood is scarce. 

The climate of Massachusetls, though identical in many respects to that of the three States lying north of it is not so 
extreme as that of either. It is very favorable to health, and a large ratio of the inhabitants attain to a good old age. Tho 
extremes of temperature are from 20O below zero to 100° above, but such are rare and of short continuance. The season 
of growth commences earlier than in the more northern States, and the summer is more prolonged. On the eastern and 
Bouthem shores the summer season is delightfully tempered by the breezes from the ocean. 

Tlie Indian population, a small remnant of the once powerful tribes that inhabited Massachusetts prior to the arrival 
of Europeans in tho country, now numbers less than 1,000 souls. With Iho exception of the Nalicks, who are scattered 
44S 



MASSACHUSETTS. 



over the CoiumonwenHh, they nil Vwv in s.-parate communities ; but few of these are of pure blood, the majority coming 
un<ier those classes which in South America would be termed Meztizos or Zam'xis, mixtures of while nuii Iniiian, and 
of black and Indian. The following tribes are enumerated in a report of a cummis^ion appointed in 1S43 to inqulro into 
the condition of these people : 

Nnmes ofTril.e*. Number, Residence. Occupation. 

Chappequiddic Tribe .... 85 Chappcquiddic Island Agriculture. 



40 N. W. sliore of Martha*9 Vineyard Agriculture and fishing. 

. . 1T4 Gay Head,W. part of " '* Agriculture — :ilso iiluiii manuf. 

. . 305 S. W. 8horo of Cape Cod Agi'ieulture and na^'igaiion, 

. , 55 Near Plymouth mid Sandwich Agriculture and tisliing. 

, . 37 Fall lliver Township Very improvident. 

. . 4S Town of "WebsI^.T Men beg — Women do worse. 

. . 20 Grafton \^ , ,. , ,, 

„ , r. , I Industnou3, but have no par- 

. . 10 Canton and btouirhton J- ^. , 

-^ m *• -f ^^ \ ticular occvpaiion. 

. . 53 Town of Yarmouth i ^ 



Christian town 

Cay Head 

Marshpee 

Herri II g-Pond 

Fall Iliver 

Dudley 

Ilasaanamisco ' 

Punkapop 

Yarmouth 

Naticks Scattered over the State, and extmet 03 a tribe. 

Tbe more industrious of these tribes not only enjoy the necessaries of lite, but also many of the comforts and even 
luxuries of civilization. Nearly all live in good houses, moat of them decently furnished ; and their schools and churches 
are represented to be in a flourishing condition. Only two of the tribes are represented as degraded. The Indians are 
not members of the body politic; they pay no taxes, nor do they have a voicft in legislation. The State, indeed, allows 
to each tribe a small annuity for the promotion of their civilization. 

Massachusetts is divided into 14 counties, the general statistics of which, and the capitals of each in 1S50, were as follows : 



Counties. 


Pwell 


Pop. 


Farms, 
in cult. 


Manuf. 
Est.ib. 


Barnstable. 


. 6,582. 


35,276. 


. 7S9. 


. 423. 


Berkshire.. 


. 8,683. 


49,591. 


.2,397. 


8S7. 


Bristol 


.12,134. 


76,192. 


.2.550. 


. 503. 


DuUes.... 


. 171. 


4,540 


. 265. 


. 18. 



Capitals. 

, .Eamstable 
, .Lenox 
) New Bedford 
f Taunton 
, .Edgartown. 
■] Ipswich 
131,300. .2,816. .1,533.. J-Newburj-port 
J Salem 
..2,535.. 2R5.... Greenfield 
51,281.. 2,616.. SS9....Springticld 



Counties. Dwell. 

Hampshire . 5,905 . 



_ FRrma. 

^°P- incuiL 
85,732.. 2,965. 



Manuf. 

E.itnb. 

319., 



MiJdlcscs.. 23,450. .161,353.. 4,345.. 1,0S9. 



Nantucket.. 1,2S5.. 8,452.. 53.. 
Norfolk ....12,,548.. 7S,S93.. 2,637.. 
Plymouth... 9,506.. 55,697. .2,417. . 
Suffolk 16,567.. 144,51)7.. 76 



Worcester . .21,709. .130,789. .7,239. 



60. 

906. 

611. 
1,9S9. 
1,161. 



Capitcila. 

.. Northampton 
■j Concord 
I- (Jani!>ri(lgo 
J Lowell 
..Nantucket 
..Detlham 
. .Plymouth 
. .Boston 
..Worcester 



Essex 1 

Franklin... 5,S82.. 80, 
Hampden... 9,088. 

The whole number of dwellings in the State was, at the above date, 152,8.35 ; of families 192,679, and of inli.abitants 
994,499, viz. : whites 9S5.704— males 434,234, and females 501,420, free col. 8,795— males 4,314, and females 4,481. 

Of the whole population, there were deaf and dumh — wh. 360, fr. col. 4 — total 364 ; liUiid — wh. 490, fr. col. 7 — 
— total 497 ; iman^-vh. 1,629, fr. col. IS — total 1,647 : and idiotic— -vh. 755, fr. col. 6— total 791. The number of free 
persons bom in the United States was 830,066; the numljcr of foreign birth 160,909, .and of birth unknown 8,589. The 
native population originated as follows: Maine 29,507, N. Ilanip. 39,592, Verm. 17,646, Massacluu^t'tt,^ 6CI,5,23G, K. I. 
11,414, Conn. 15.602, N. York 14,483, N. Jer. 778, Penn. 1,831, Del. 90, Md. 744, Dist. of Col. 196, Virg. 796, N. C'lr. 190, 
S. Car. 224, Ga. 237, Flor. 82, Ala. 71, Miss. 84, La. 179, Tex. 10, Ark. 10, Tenn. 25, Ky. 75, Ohio 598,'Mich. 123, Ind. 60, 
111. 165, Mo. 5"^, la. 12, Wise. 32, Calif. 7, Territories 9 : and the forciijn. population was composed of persons fi-om — 
England 16,635, Ireland 115,917, Scotland 4,469, Wales 214, Germany 4,319, France 805, Spain 178, Portugal 291, Belgium 
86, Holland 188, Turkey 14, Italy 196, Austria 10, Switzerland 72, Itu.ssia 38, Denmark ISI, Norway 69, Sweden 263, 
Prussia 98, S.irdinia 1, Greece 23, China 2, A.sia 31, Africa 27, British America 15,862, Mexico 32, Central America 7, South 
America 84, West ImU* 803, Sandwich Islands SI, and other countries i^^. 

The foUowinglable will show the deceimial progress of the population since the first census of the State taken by the 
United States authorities : 

ore.t Persons. Decennial lrirrea.-e. 

_■ , Total , ■ , 

Slave, Total. Popu 



Wliite 



Censua 
Year. Tersons. 

1790 378.2.>4 

ISOO 416,798 

ISIO 46.5,.308 

1320 . . 



1S80 6C8,859 , 

1340 729,030 . 

1850 985,704 . 



. 6,403 . 

. 6.462 . 

. 0,7.37 . 

510,419 6,,508 . 



. 7,043 . 
. 3,009 . 
. 3,795 . 



Numeric.ll. 

. . . . 5.4i;3 878,717 — . . 

. . . . 6,162 423,545 44,623 . 

....0,737 472,040 43,795 . 

. . . . 6,368 5-23,237 51,247 . 

. . . . 7,049 610.403 87,121 . , 

. . . . 8,669 737,099 127,291 . , 

. . . . 8,795 994,499 256,300 . . 



. lt.7 
. 11.5 
. 1-0,3 
. 16.6 
. 20.8 
.34.8 



The statistical returns of the wealth, industry, products, and institutions of tho State, aecording to the census of 1350 and ■ 
other official documents referring to the same period of time, are as follows ; 

Occupied jAindu, cte.— Improved farm lands, 2,133,436 acres, and unimproved lands, 1,222,576 acres— valued in cash 
at $109,076,347. The whole number of farms under cultivation, 34,235. Value of farming implements and machinery, 
$8,209,584. 

Live-Stoclc. — Horses. 42,216: asses and 'mules, 34 ; milrh cows, 130.009 ; working oxen, 46,611: other cattle, 83,2^; 
Bheep, 133,651; and swine. 81,119 — valued in the aggregate .at $0,l>47.710. The number of animals of these descriptions 
In 1840 was— horses, mules, etc., 61,434; neat cattle of all kinds, 282,674; sheep, 378,226; and siirine, 143,221. These 
comptirntive figures show an enormous ftiUing off in every description of live-stock. 

Product/) o/J[»i;;nafa.— Wool, 5s5,136 (in 1840,941.906) pounds; butter, S.071,870 pounds; cheese, 7,088,142 pounds 
nnd the value of animals slaughtered during the year, $2,500,924. Silk cocoons were produced to the amount of 7 (in 
1S40, 1,741) pounds; and beeswax and honey, to that of 59,508 pounds. * 

Orain Crops.— Wheat, 31,211 bushels; rye, 431,021 bushels: Indian com, 2,345,490 bushels; oats, 1,165,106 bushels; 

2i 449 



MASSACHUSETTS. 



barley, 112,385 bushels; and buckwheat, 100,095 bushels. In 1S39-40 these crops yielded as follows: wheal, 157,928 
bushels; barley, 105,319 bushels; oats, 1,319,030 bushels; rye, 586,014 bushels; buckwheat, 87,000 bushels; and Indian 
com, 1,809,192 bushels. 

Other Food Crops.— Teas and beans, 43,709 bushels; potatoes, Irish, 8,535,834 bushels. In 1S89-40 the potato crop 
amounted to 5,335,652 bushels. 

Miicelkmemt^ Crops.— Tobacco, 138,246 (in 1S40, 64,955) pounds; htiy, 651,807 tons; clover-seed, 1.002 bushels; other 
gross-seed, 5.085 bushels; hops, l'il,695 pounda(iu 1540.264,795) pounds; flax, 1,1 03 pounds: fla.\-seed, 72 bushels; maple 
sugar, 795,525 pounds ; moUisses, 4,093 gallons ; wine, 4,6S& (in 1S4U, 193) gallons, etc. Value of orchard products, $40:3,995, 
and of market-garden products, $000,020. 

HoiiK-made mamifactures for the year ending Ist June, 1850, were produced to the value of $205,333. The same 
class of productions, according to the census of 1S40, were valued at $231,942. 

iW<rai//(;c<iww.— Aggregate capitiil invested, $00,000,000 ; value of raw material, fuel, etc., $00,000,000 ; average number 
of hands empkiyed, 000,000— males 00,000, and females 00,000 ; average monthly cost of labor, $000,000— male $000,000. 
and female $000,000 ; total value of products for the year ending 1st .June, 1850, $000,000,000. The whole number of indu»- 
tri.al establishments producing to the value of $500 and upward, annually, was, at the date referred to, 9,C;i7 ; and of these 
213 were cotton factories; 119 woolen factories, 24S tanneries, and 80 iron manufactories — 6S for castings, 6 for pig iron, 
and 6 for wrought iron. 

The cotton manufactures employ a c.ipital of $23,455,630; Value of raw material, fuel, etc., $11,2S9,.S09; and v.ilue of 
entire products $19,712,461; cotton consumed 223.G07 bales; coal 46,545 tons; and products — sheeting, etc., 29S,751,.392 
yards, and yam 353,060 pounds. The number of hands employed is — males 9,29.3, and females 19,437 ; and the monthly 
cost ol labor — male $212,592, and female $264,514 ; average montldy w.agcs— to males $23 01, and to females $18 55. 

The capital invested in the xcoolen viamt/acture^ was $9,089,342 ; v.alue of all raw material, etc. $8,671,671, and value 
of entire products for the year $12,770,565. "Wool consumed 22,929,952 pounds ; coal 15,440 tons ; and products 25,865,653 
yards of cloth, etc, and 749,555 pounds of yam. Average hands employed — males 6,107, and females 4,963 ; monthly cost 
of labor — male $141,533, and female $70,581 ; average wages — to males $22 95, and to females $14 22 per month. 

The tonn«-iVs employ a capiuil of $1,377,725; value of hides, sViiis, etc. $2,311,178; value of products $3,519,12.3. Skins 
tanned 293,000, and sides tanned 1,500,440 ; hands employed — males 1,510, and females 32 ; monthly cost of labor — male 
$41,245, and female $360. 

The iron manufactures, in extent and value, according to the returns of 1850, were as follows : 

Viz [">n. C.n'^t Iron. VVrmiglit Iron. Total. 

400,000 1,499,050 610,300 2,578,350 

27,900 — — 27,900 

— 81,134 7,030 88.164 

— 3,361 — 8,861 

— 12,401 11,022 -. 23,423 

3,500 7S.500 1,937,000 

1,057,904 221,194 1,404,839 



Specifications. 

Capital invested dolKirs. . . 

Ore used tons 

Pig iron used " 

Old metal used " 

Mineral coal consumed " 

Coke and charcoal bushels... 

Yalue of all raw material, fuel, etc dollars. 



.1,855,000. 
. 186,741. 



Hands employed number... 203 1,696 260 2,119 

Monthly cost of labor dollars.... 7,238 49,210 8,850 62,304 

Ironprodueed tons 12.287 82,074 6,720 51,081 

Value of entire products dollars.... 295,123 2,235,6-35 423,320 2,959,078 

The above exhibited manufactures, comprising what may with propriety be termed national manufactures, compose but 
a moiety of the aggregate industrial establishments within the :ftate. Besides these there are in the State immense inter- 
ests in tlie manufacture of shoes and boots, carpeting, sperm caudles and oil, soap, carriages and cars, cabinet-ware, cop- 
per-ware, cordage, cutlery, engines and boilers, fire-arms, glass, glue, hats and caps, hollow-ware, etc, hosiery, lead 
paints, linen thread, lumber and shingles, machinery, musical iustruments, paper, powder, ploughs, etc., saddlery, etc., 
snuff, tobacco, etc, budding stone, straw hats, etc., sugar, tin-ware, tools, upholstery, wooden-ware, etc., and a large num- 
ber of minor, but still profitable manufactures. Massachusetts, indeed, is the great manufacturing State of the Union, and 
in reference to its extent and population, has no superior. It manufactures at least one sixth of the aggregate articles pro- 
duced in the workshops of the United States. The products of its cotton-mills constitute one-thu*d of thewliole of that 
staple, and its woolen manufactures are equally preponderant. 

Commerce, Namgation, etc. — Massachusetts, in the year ending SOIh June, 1350, exported to foreign countries to the 
value of $10,681,76-3, and imported to that of $30,374,684. Of the nyporta, $8,253,473 was the value of domestic produce— in 
American vessels $7,000,103, and in foreign vessels $1.2.'i3,370, and .$2,428,290 the value of foreign protluce- in American 
vcssel.s $1,898,497, and in foreign vessels $529,793; and of the imports $22,106,011 in American vessels, and $8,868,673 in 
foreign vessels. The entrances and clearances in the same year were as follows: 

ENTRAKCE8. CLEARANCES. 



Ifati<'nality. 
American. .. 
Foreign 

Total. 



Teoels. 

...1,345.. 
...2,732.. 

..4,077.. 



Tonnage. Crcwa 

..8:39,.50S 14.677 

..271,941 15,933 

..611,449 80,010 



Newburyport 123 8,605 010 

Gloucester 173 11,067 803 

Salem and Beverley 886 -36,796 2,147 

Boston 2,873 473,859 22,067 

Marblehcad 177 12,030 790 

Plymouth 10 644 35 

BarnsUible 42 8,713 830 

Fnlir.iver 78 12,7,39 5-35 

New Bedford 181 83.154 2,564 

Edgarlown '... 72 13,-2S6 074 

Nantucket. — — — 

450 



I^uionalily Vessels. Tonnage. Crew*. 

.\mcrican 1.149 272,273 12..5:i3 

Foreign 2.7.57 274,074 15.755 

Total 8,906 546,952. . .... ,...28,283 

Ncwburyport 140 9,703...,,,... 633 

Gloucester 177 11,1-38 760 

Salem and 'Beverley.. 872 85,n03 2.091 

Boston 2,8:39 437-760- 20,813 

Marl)lehe;id 176 11,414 763 

Plymouth 10 6U 85 

Barnstable 81 2.i310 149 

Fall River 87 5,479 290 

New Bedford 118 82.027 2,-199 

Kdgartown 6 1,223 99 

NautuckcL 1 851 26 



MASSACHUSETTS. 



The total shipping owned in the State at the date reforrL-J to amounted to G>4,-i4'2 tons; registered — permanent 411,973 
tons, and temporary Gl,:?50 tons; enrolled and licensed — permanent 203,767 tons; and licensed (under 20 tons) — in Iho 
coasting trade 1,S21 tons, and in the cod flslieries 1,74S tons. Of the registered shipping 122,676 tons were engaged in tho 
whale fishery, and the enrolled and licensed tonnage was employed— in the coasting trade 115,S46 tons, ia the cod flsliery 
40.003 tons, and the mackerel fishery 42.S95 tons; and 7,903 tons were navigated by steam-power. The tonnage of the 
several districts was— Newburyport 23.202 tons, Ipswich 573 tons, Gloucester 22,474 tons, Salem 23,916 tons, Beverley 
:J.173 tons, Marblehcad 6,&42 tons, Boston 820,687 tons, Plymouth 10,722 tons, Fall Kiver 13,102 tons, New Bedford 127,9(J0 
tons, Barnstable 91,102 tons, Edgartown 7,009 tons, and Nantucket 29,013 tons. 

The shipping built in the State during the year amounted to 121 vessels of all kinds — 51 ships, 19 brigs, 46 schooners, 
3 sloops, and 2 steamers — of an aggregate burden of 35.So6 tons; and of tlie whole number 10 (4,657 tons) were built at 
Newbiiryport, 26 (1,996 tons) at Gloucester, 1 (293 tons) at Salem, S(S17 tons) at Marblehead, 43 <23,430 tons) at Boston, 
5 (579 tons) at Plymouth, 5 (1,254 tons) at Fall River, 4 (7S1 tinis) at Now Bedford, 23 (1,364 tons) at Barnstable, and 1 
(109 tons) at Edgartown. The statistics of the foreign commerce of tlio State for a series of years— 1791 to 1350 — exhit)it 
the following movements in the value of exports and imports : 



Yfar. 


Kxrorta. 


Imp.'rU. 


Tenr. 


ETporlfl. 


17'.ll ... 


. . $3,619,051 . . 


$ 


ISll ... 


...$ll,23.'i.-lC5 


i:oi . . . 


.. 2,8SS,ln4... 




1812 ... 


... 6,583,.S.3S 


119:5 . . . 


.. 8,7,W,34r... 




1813 ... 


. . . l,Sl)7.9-23 




UM ... 


.. 6.2'.i3.441 ... 




1814 ... 


... l,l:S,799 


17SI5 ... 


.. 7,in.9H7... 




1815...- 


. . . 5,230,083 


1796 ... 


.. 9.949,345... 




1816 ... 


... 10,130,439 


17!i7... 


.. 7,.5n2.m7... 




181T... 


... 11,927,997 


1795 ... 


. . 8,&39,253 . . . 




181S ... 


.... 11,998,150 


ITOD ... 


.. Il,421,.i91 ... 




1319 ... 


... 11,399,913 


ISOO . . . 


.. 11,826,870... 




1620 . . . 


. .. 11,008,923 


l^Ht ... 


.. 14,S70,.'>56 ... 




1821 ... 


... 12,484,691 


1-iJ ... 


.. 13,492,0»2 ... 




1823 ... 


. .. 12,098,525 


iS(i;3 ... 


.. 8,7138,566.,. 




1S33 . . . 


... 1.%C8:?,23D 


1S04 ... 


.. 16,894.378 ... 




1824... 


... 10,434.388 


1S05 . . . 


.. 19,43,'),657... 




1825 . . . 


... 11,432,9-3T 


1800... 


.. 21,199,248 ... 




1820 ... 


. .. 10.098,802 


1307... 


.. 21,113,125 ... 




1827 . . . 


... 10,424,383 


ISOS . . . 


.. 5,128,322... 




1828 ... 


. . . 9,025,785 


1S09 . . . 


.. 12.142.293 ... 




1S29 ... 


. . . 8,254.937 


ISIO ... 


.. 13,01.3,043... 




1S30 ... 


.. 7,213,194 



* 




1831 $7,783,703 . 

1332 11,993,708 . 

1833 9,683,122 . 

18.34 4,672,746. 

1335 10,043,790 . 

1886 10.380,846. 

1837 9,728,190 . 

1888 9,104,802 . 

1839 9.270,085 . 

1840 10,186,261 . 

1841 11,487,843 . 

1342 9,807,110 . 

1843 6,405,207 . 

1844 9,096,236. 

1845 10,351,030 . 

1840 10,.313,11S . 

1847 11.348,402 . 

13+8 18,419,099 . 

1349 10,264,S02 . 

13D0 10,081,763 . 



Importa. 
$14,209,056 
13,118,900 
19,940,911 
17,072,129 
19,800,373 
23,681,402 
19,9S4,Gi;3 
13,300,925 
19.385,225 
16,513,858 
20,31 S,(«)8 
17,936,433 
10,789,452 
20,290,007 
23,781,024 
24,190,963 
81.477,008 
28,017,707 
24,745,917 
80,374,634 



Internal Improvements. — In proportion to surface no other State of the Union is so thoroughly supplietl with railrnads 
.md other means of communication as M.issachusetls. It was the first State to adopt tlie railroad, and it has ever since 
iiaiiitained a pre-eminence in respect of raihoads, and at the present time the several lines extend in every direction, 
forming a net-work of iron bauds. The principal lines are those extendin,a: from Boston and Worcester toward Maine 
and New Ilampsliirc, passing through the great manufacturing towns of the north-east section, and tli'iee exteniiiiig 
southward from tliose centres to the Atlantic and Long Island Sound. Two great lines also extend through Iho lenglli 
of the St.ate from Boston iv'n Worecster to Albany, and from Boston rhi Greenfield to Troy on the Hudson Iliver, Ijoth 
forming links in the chains toward the great lakes and the far West Tlio total length of railroad in the State in 1853 was 
1,201 miles, or about 1 mile of road to every 6} miles of surface. Ma-ssacliusetts has .also several canals, as the Blackstone 
Canal, from Worcester to Providence, 45 miles long ; the Middlesex Canal, from Boston to the Merrimac Eiver, 27 miles 
long; the Hampshire and Hampden Canal, 23 miles long, and several short canals and river improvements for the 
pnrpose of overcoming falls and rapids in the rivers. The canals in this State, however, are at the present time little 
used as means of commercial intercourse, but in some instances their waters arc v.aliiable for manufactm-ing purposes. 

Hanl-s and Samngs Institutimis.—la 1351 there was a total of 130 banking institutions in Massachusetts, of which 30 
wcro in Boston and 100 in other parts of the State. The following exhibits their condition in the aggregate in that year : 

Boston Bnnlis, Otiier Banie. Total. 



Liabilities. Boston naiiks. Otljer Baijo. Total, 

Capital $21,760,000 $16,505,000 $38,265,000 

Circul.1.— .$5 .and upward 6,678,816 9,080,879 16,866,195 

" —less than $5... 1,001,363 2,328,140 8.329.503 

Net profits on hand 2,465,373 1,359,235 8,824,608 

Due other b.-mks 6,787,143 214,773 7,001.921 

Deposils without interest 8,790,.=.T5 4,173.200 12,909.775 

at interest 601.317 268,811 870,128 



Total. 



.$48,090,092 $a4,637,559 $82,027,051 



Resourres. 

Specie $1,817,383 

Eeal estate 690,394 

Bills of other banks in State 5,302,591 

" " " elsewh'e 344,840 

Due from other banks . . 3,223,354 
Notes, bills of exchange, 

and all other stock ... 36,811,525 



$061,471 $2,478^69 



407,819 

535,245 

63,111 

8,320,879 



998,213 
6,837,a30 

397,951 
6,650,2.33 



29,529,583 66,341,110 



Total $48,090,092 $34,514,109 $82,604,202 

Average dividends of 30 Boston banks in Oclol)cr, 1850, w.as a fraction over 3.4 per cent.— in April, 1851, it was a fraction 
over 3.9 per cent.: average dividends of 100 other bauks in October, 18.50, a fraction over 3.39 per cent., and in April, 
1851, a fraction over 3.7 per cent. 

In 45 savings institutions that made returns there were S6,.537 depositors, and $15,564,083 deposits securely invested. 
The average dividends for the year was 4.73 per cent. The whole expense of managing these inetrtations h«s been 
$43,707 dtiring the year. 

Gorenmu^nt.— The eonstimlion of this Slate was framed in 1780, amended in 1821, and since that period has undergone 
several modifications. According to its provisions everj- male citizen, of the ago and upward of 21 years, paui)ers and 
persons under guarriianship excepted, resident the, last past year in the State, and the last past six mtmlhs at the plaet> of 
voting, and who, unless exempt from taxation, shall have paid any state or county lax within the last two years, eiiji.ys 
the right of voting at all popular elections. The general election is held on the second Monday in November annually. 

451 



MASSACHUSETTS. 



The leghiative uulhority is vested in a Genenti Court, consisting of a Senate and House of Eepresentativea, The 
representatives, at present 299 in number, are chosen by towns in ratio of their population. "Every town containing 
1,200 inhabitants may elect one, and an atiditional representative fyr every 2,400 above that number; and every town of 
less than 1,200 inhabitants may elect a representative a3 many times within 10 years as 160 is contained in l,2i'0 ; and 
every two br more towns may unite and form a representative district; and all these numbers sliali be raised one-tenth 
when the population of the State shall be 770,"0(), and at the f*ame rate for every increase of 70,000 tliereafler." Kepre" 
sentativca must be residcuta for the last past year of the towns which return them. The Senate consists of 40 members, 
elected from districts of equal population, but no county is divided 'in the apportionment, and Nantucket and Duke's 
counties have only one senator conjointly. The Le^slature meets annually on the first Wednesday in January, For the 
purpose of settling the ratio of representation and the senatorial districts a census is taken every ten years. 

The chief &D€Cutiv6 power is vested in a Governor, and a Lieutenant-governor is elected with the same qualification; 
iiiid in Iho same manner as the governor, viz., annually by a majority of voU'S. He must have resided in the Slate for the 
last past seven years, and be seized of a freehold of $1,000 value. If there be no choice by the people, the representatives 
choose two of the four candidates, if so many there be, having the highest number of votes, and of which two the Senate 
chooses one for governor. The governor can veto any bill of the general court, but two-thirds of the members thereof 
afterward voting in favor of such negatived bill it becomes law nevertheless. The governor is advised and assisted in his 
duties by an Executive Council, of which the lieutenant-governor is eoyoffido a member, and which is chosen annually 
by joint ballot of the legislature. The lieutenant-governor, in case of a vacancy occurring in the office of governor, 
exercises the chief executive powers, and both falling, the same is exercised by the council. The Secretary of State and 
Treasurer are chosen in like manner. 

The Judiciary consists of a Supremo Court, Courts of Common Pleas, Probate Courts, etc. The supreme court has a 
chief justice and four other justices, who are appointed by the governor and council, and hold office during good 
behavior. It has exclusive cognizance of all capital crimes, and exclusive chancery jurisdiction, and concurrent original 
jurisdiction in all civil cases where the amount in dispute exceeds $G00 in Suffolk and $300 in the other counties. It 
holds law terms in eight of the fourteen counties, and ni-nprius terras iu all the counties. The court of common, pleas is 
held for the trial of civil cases above $20, and, except in Suffolk County, has criminal jurisdiction in all cases not capital. 
There are six judges, one of whom is chief judge, and frequent terms are held in each county. In Suffolk criminal juris- 
diction is exercised by the municipal court. Trial justices and justices of the peace exercise local civil and criminal juris- 
diction in cases of minor importance. A court of insolvency is held in each county on the first Tuesday of each month 
before special commissioners, and a proViate court, consisting of a judge and register, is established at each county scat- 
Permanent and honorable siihiries are provided for all judicial officers. 

The Stut£ militia of Massachusetts in 1S50, according to the returns of the Adjutant-general, consisted of 119.690 men 
of all arms, of which number 549 were commissioned officers, and 119,U1 non-commissioned officers, musicians, artificers, 
and privates. Of the commissioned officers 10 are general officers, 35 general staff officers, 112 field officors, etc., and 392 
company officers. The enrolled mihtia consists of all able-bodied white male citizens of the age of IS years, and under 
that of 4o years, and the a-ctive militia consists of volunteers wlio have a per diem allowance when on duty. The latter 
are comprised in three divisions and six brigades, embracing two division corjjs of cadets, one tro*>p of cavalry, four 
regiments, one battalion, and one company "aimcxed" of artillery, and nine regiments of light infantry. 

Among a large number of h&iievoUnt institutions for tlie relief of the unfortunate which exist in Massachusetts, the 
following are conspicuous for their extent and efficiency: The Slate Lunatic Asylum at 'Worcester, founded in 1nS-3 ; the 
Massachusetts General Ilospital, at Boston, incorporated inlSU; Perkins Institution, or Massachusetts Asylum for the 
Blind, at Boston, instituted in 1881 ; the Boston Lying-in Ilospital, iuslituted in 1S32 ; the XT. 9. Marine Hospital, at Chelsea ; 
the Lowell ITuspital; and the M'Lean Asylum for the Insane, at Somerville, a department of the General Hospital. The 
Asylum at Worcester is one of the best institutions of the kind anywhere established. On the 1st December, 1349, the 
number of inmates was 429—220 males and 209 females; admitted during the year 241—129 males and 112 females; 
remaining in the Hospital, 80th N-ovember, 1S50, 441— 22-S males and 213 females, and of this number 1G9 were foreigners. 
Of those admitted during the year 194 were committed by the com'ts, IG by the overseers, and SI were private boarders ; 
and of the number discharged, 125 were recovered, 15 improved, 23 incurable and hamUess. 4 incurable and dangerous, 
and 57 died. Total means. of the institution for the year, $tj2,4~0 ; expenditures, $46,770. The average annua! expense 
of each patient, for the IS years the hospital has been in operation, is $113 75. Besides the institutions above named, 
there is a School for Idiots, at Newton, and an Kye and Ear Infirmary, at Boston. The deaf and dumb of the State are 
provided for in the American Asylum, at Hartford. In iNin, the sums appropriated by the legislature for the su])port of 
unfortunates were as follows: Asylum for the Blind, $14,oi)0; Asylum fur the Deaf and Dumb, $3,206; Eye and Kar 
Infirroar}', $7,000 ; Slate Lunatic Asylum, $3,200 ; School for Lliols, $2,500, etc. 

FimmccSfDehty (tc— The ordinarj' revenue received into the public treasury, during the year ending Ist January, 1851, 
amounted to $492,810 64, and all other receipts On^lu*l"'g $495,000 temporary loans), to $938,950 33— total receipts, 
$1,481,761 02 ; to which add cash on hand, 1st Janaury, 1S50, $53,553 33, aud the totiil means of the treasury is exliihiled 
»l $1,540,319 40. Ordinarj' expenditure, $566,005 54 ; expenditure on other accounts (including $495,C00 loans repaid), 
$350,225 25 — total expenditures^ $1,416,230 79. Excess of expenditures on account of ordinary revenue, $73,244 00; 
excess of receipts on other accounts, $133,725 13 : and cxce.«s of aggregate receipts, $65,4S0 23, or, including the cnsh on 
hand at ti)e commencement of the year, $124,033 61, of which sum $5,309 22 is on accomit of ordinary revenue, and 
$118,329 39 on all other interests. 

The public debt of Massachusetts on its own account, on tlie 1st January, 1851, was .$1,210,375 ; liability for scrip loaned 
to the various railroads, $5,"49.555 56— tot.al absolute and contingent debt, $6,259,930 56. The value of all property 
belonging to the commonwealth, at that date, was $10,35(5,857 45. Excess of resources over liabilities, $4,126,426 89. The 
total value of personal and real estate assessed for taxation, iu ISOO, was $540,003,057; but the estimate, or true valuation, 
according to the census of that year, was $573,342,286. 

FefUral i?f/*/'^«^7i*7(i07?.— Mas-sichusells, in pursuance of the provisions of the Act of Congress, 28d May, 1850, is 
entitled to send eleven, representatives to the National Legislature. 

£kJ'Uc.<iU<m.—KQ.cox6.\t\^ to the school report of 1S50, the towns raised by taxation for school purposes $804,067, and 

besides this. $S,714, income of the " surplus revenue," was so appropriated- total, $873,382, lo which must also be added 

$:i4.704, coHfributed as board and fuel. Amount of school fimd. Isl December, ISO". $953,921, of which only $740,361 was 

productive, and yielded $!o,uOO for vlijtribuiiou among the tov.u.s Tlio whole number of children in the State, from 5 to 

4^2 



MASSACHUSETTS. 



15 yeM-s old, was 193,232— the number under 5 years at(onding: sclioil was 17.T82, and over 15 years, lS,2i)S. Number of 
public sdiools, S,S7S, taught by S,-127 teachers— unties 2,442, and ll-uiales 5.9S5. Average scholars iu winter schools, 
194,403,- and in summer soiiools, 170,844. Average monthly wasic^, inclusive of bnard lo males, $34 89, and Id female* $14 42. 

There were, at the date above referred to, G7 incorporated academies in tliis State, with 3,717 pujjils. and an aggregate 
expenditure of $57,444 for tuition ; also, S45 unincorporated academies, private- schools, etc., with 19.534 scholars, and an 
aggregate income for teaciiing of $201,241. Thei^e are also local tunds (endowmenLs) f^r the sujiportof aca<lemies, etc., 
to the amount of $:354,020, yielding an income of $21,584. Value of ecliool libraries ^2,707, and uf apparatus $23,826. 
The value of public school- houses, in 1S4S, was $2.75().O()0. of -which $2,200,000 had b<^en expended since 1S3S ; prol)ably 
in 1S50 the value would not full short of three mt'/Uons. Thera are three normal schools sujiporled by the State at an 
annual coat of $6,500— one at WesLfield, one at West Newton, and one at Bridge water— averaging annually. In all, 225 
pupils. 

Massachusetts has four celebrated colleges: Ilan'flrd University, at Cambridge, founded 163S; "William's College, at 
Williamstown, founded 1793; Amherst College, founded 1S21 ; and College of the Holy Cross (catholic), founded 1843. 
Tliere is also a Theological Seminary, at Audover. founded lSfl7, and the Newton Tlidlogical Institution, at Newton, 
ftiunded 1S25. Phillip's Academy, incori^orated 1780, and located at Andovcr, slands first among the academic institutions 
of the State. Harvard University is generally considered as the best collegiate institution, in the United Slates, and 
certainly is the best endowed. It has Divinity, Law, and Medical departments, and the Lawrence Scientific School, lately 
endowed by Hon. Abbot Lawrence, is also a department. Its libraries contain S4,200 volumes. In the college department 
proper, in 1350, there were 20 professors, 293 students, and 6,342 alumni ; in the Law School, 3 professors and 9S students; 
in the Diviuily School, 3 professors and 23 students; and in the Medical School, prnfL-ssors, 117 students, and 575 
graduates. There is also the Berkshire Medical Scliool, at Pittsfield, founded in lS-23, which, in 1S50, had 5 professors, 103 
students, and 473 graduates. William's College had S professors, 1,317 alumni, 179 students, and a library of 13.751 volumes. 
Amherst College hadl2professors, 963 alumni, 1S2 students, and a library of 14.000 volumes; and this college has recently 
added a scientific department to its foundation. Holy Cross College had 14 professors, 120 students, and a library of 4,220 
volumes— this last institution, however, has been destroyed by fire, and at present its collegiate exercises are suspended. 

Public Libraries.— One State librarj^, 7,400 volumes ; 23 social libraries, 136,269 volumes; 4 ojllcgo libraries, 71,693 
volumes; 15 students' libraries. 28,735 volumes; 9 libraries of academies and professional schools, 45.450 volumes; 10 
libraries of scientific an<i historical societies, 44j572 volumes ; 700 public school libraries, 91,539 volumes— lol;d, 762 Ubrarics, 
and 415,658 volumes. 

Peno<Hc<tl P/'eii;.- The whole number of periodicals and newspapers published in Massachusetts, in 1S50, was 209, of 
which 70 were devoted lo polities — 46 whig, and 24 democratic in opinion ; and 139 were devoted to literature, religion, 
science, etc., including all the character of which is not specially denoted in the returns ; and of the whole number, 23 
were published daily, 4 tri-weekly, 11 semi-weekly, 125 weekly, 3 semi-monthly, 29 monthly, and 7 quarterly. The total 
circulation of the dailies at each issue was 133,083 copies, of the tri-weeklies 3.000 copies, of the semi-weeklies 19,904 
copies, of the weeklies 3S9.102 copies, of the semi-montlili'-s 2,570 copies, of the monthlies 113,100 copies, and of llie 
qnartcrlies 6,0<J0 copies. Boston is one of the principal literary cities of the Uninn. and many of its jiubMcalion^ ai'e 
favorably known tl'.roughout the world ; and in many fith-r'towns tlie periixlical issues are conductctl with great talent. 

lieliyious Denontinativm*. — In the talde underneath will be found the st;itisties of the several religious denominations, 
as returned in the census of 1S50 : 



neiiomina- N'u. of 


Chiir,-li 


Value or 


lions. Chunljes. 


avc'-m. 


Property, 


Caplisl 282 . 


.114.140 


.$l,4f,n,350 


Christian... 29 . 


. ll,i)-2() 


84,250 


Ci>ngrc'gat'1.4.39 . 


.237,237 


. 3,27'J,0S9 


Dutch Ec-r.. — . 


— 


— 


Episcopal.. 68 . 


. 23,.5!1.5 . 


. 657,250 


Free 8 . 


i.iino . 


11,750 


Friends ... ST . 


. IS.SiJ . 


io.s,i;«o 



Denomiiia, No. of 
tions, Churi;in'9, 

Gcrm'uEef. — .. 

.Jewish 1 . . 

Lutheran . . 1 . . 

Mennonite. — . . 

Methodist.. 255 .. 

I^roravian. . ■ — . . 

Presbyter'u. 15 . . 



-c-U V;,l„e or 
III. I'roi.eity, 



2"l) ., 
450 ., 



94.(111 



7,7S5 



1.200 
11,193 

934,3S0 

S2,500 



D.Tiomiim. No. of Cl.urcU Vnhie of 

lions. clmnlK's. ac.oni. 

V,. Calhdlie . 315 . . 80,315 . 
Swedeub'g . 8 . . 1,840 . 

Tunker — . . — 

rnion 6 . . 1.810 . 

L'nilarian .,103 .. 92.93S . 
Ulliver»aliit.ll7 ., 49,364 . 
Minor Setts 11 . . 3,6S0 . 



l-ro|„.,ly, 

$477,000 
00,000 

9,550 

2,320,147 

043,^75 

17,45!) 



—making a total of 1,4-30 churches, h.lving acoommofKaticm for 082,908 persons, and valued as property at !fl0,205,2S4. 
Massachusetts constitutes a diocese of the Protestant Episcopal Church, and is a portion of the Eonum Catholic dioce.se of 
Boston, province of New York. 

Paiipet-i-'ijn and Crime, — The number of persons relieved or supported as paupers, iu 1S50, was 25,981, of whom 7,900 
were t<jwn paupers, and 16.058 State paupers; and of these State paupers 12,334 were foreigners. There were in the State 
204 alms-houses, with 20,654 acres attached, the whole valued at $1,255,125. Number relieved in the alms-houses 12,.547, 
(the average being 4,S25), of whom 6,429 were unable to labor. Number relieved out of alms-house, 13,757. Average 
weekly cost of each pauper — in the alms-house $1 OSi, and out-doors $0 98. Net expenses of alms-houses, including 
interest, $407,959. Estimated value of pauper labor in alms-houses, $17,966. And the reprtrt shows that 1.891 foreign 
paupers had come into the Slate during the year; that 076 insane persons and .390 idiots had Iwen relieved or supported, 
and that 909 arc paupers by reason of insanity or idiotey, and it is probable that 14,074 were made paupers by intemperance 
in themselves or others. 

There were in the State prison at Charlestown, on the 1st October, 1819, 349 convicts, and 221 were received during the 
year iujtnediately following, and 130 were discharged. The tnimber in prison, on the 30th September, 1,850^ was 4-10, of 
which .373 were committed for offenses against property, and 07 for olfenses against the pcrs,in. Sentences — for life 21, 
for 85 years 1, for 30 years 1, for 2*years 1, for 18 years 8. for terms below 18 ami above 2 years 270, and for two years or 
less 1*5 : and 101 were n.atives of Ma.ssaehusetts, 143 of other States, and 130 foreigners. Average number of convicls for 
the year, 411. The expenses of maintenance, etc., was $4.5,201, and the proceeds of convict labor $45,817. 

At Westboro' tliere is a State reform school for juvenile delinqueuls. On ihe 1st December, 1>49, there were 310 iBniales ; 
received during the year 106, and discharged 94; leaving 824 inmates on the 80th November, 1850. All Ihe boys are 
employed, during a portion of the day, at gome mechanical, agricultural, or domestic labor ; they do their own washing, 
ironing, and cooking, aiid make and mend their own clothes. Each d.ay, 4 hours are devott^d to school, 6 to labor, 8} to 
sleep, and 5i to recreation and miscellaneous duties. The buildings can accommodate 850 boys. The boys are healthy, 
and but four deaths had occurred during the year. 

453 



MASSACHUSETTS. 



The jails and houses of correction, in 1849-50, received 10,6G1 prisoners, and 1,112 remained in confinement on the lltb 
November, 1S50. Of the whole number, 9,1S0 were males, and 1,4S1 females— 1,619 minors, 535 colored, 8,583 able to 
read and write, 23 insane, 1,54G ualives of filaasaehusetls, 882 natives of oilier States, 5,S54 foreigners, 2,-129 nativity 
not known. Average cost of board for each prisoner, per week, $1 66. Tolal expense for the year, $102,271. Estimated 
valoe of labor in houses of correction, $22,312. 

Uistvi'ical Sketch.— The first accurate account of the country now called New England, was furnished by Bartholomew 
Gosuold, who, sailing from England in 16o2 in a course nearly west, discovered a promontory which he called Cape Cod. 
Kavigaling the coast southwest, he touched at various points and examined the country. On his return, he gave so favor- 
able an account of its elimatc and soil, as at once to revive the slumbering spirit of adventiu-e and colonization. By the 
exertions of Hackluyl, a man of science and learning, two companies were formed in IGOG — the first consisting of adven- 
turers chiefly of London, and the other of merchants of Plymuulh and Uristol, The former settled Virginia, and the ' 
latter the provinces of New England. The Plj-mouth company was unf<>rlunate in its first attempts. In IGOT. a party of 
aboat one hundred persons were4aniicd, but these, discoiu"agcd, returned the ensuing year, and no furilHir attempts were 
made for some lime afterward, licligious fervor, however, effected what commercial enterprises had iUiled to aecomplisli. 
In 1620, a congregation of English puritans, whom oppression had driven to Holland, obtained from the London company 
grants of land within their ]»atent, and (in number 102) sailed from Plymouth for the river Hudson, on the banks of which 
they had intended to have lormed settlements. They were carried further north, however, and landed near Cape Cod. 
Their first care was now to form a civil government They chose a governor, and to aid him an assistant, but the 
number of assistants was afterward increased to seven. The supreme power resided with the whole people, and it was 
not until 1639 that they established a representative body. In imilalion of the primitive Christians they threw all 
their property into common stock, but experience soon taught them the .impracticability of such a system. In 1630, they 
obtained from the Plymouth company a grant of the land on which they had settled. These original colonists are 
now known by the title of the *' Pilgrim Fathers,'- and the anniversary of their arrival is still religiously observed by their 
descendants. 

Although many detached parties were constantly arriving, the settlement progressed slowly. The first permanent town 
erected was Salem, and afterward Charlesti>wn was built. A Inish sjiring, however, was given to the exertions of the 
Plymouth company in 162S, in which year it received a new patent, and its jmwers, which had previously been exercised 
in England, were now removed to America. Emigration hence became considerable; in July, 1G30, seventeen ships 
arrived at Salem with 1.500 persons, by some of whom Boston was founded. The early ye;irs of the colonics were passed 
under a complication of troubles — the French and Indians hovered around them, and the policy of the peojjle was dis- 
tasteful to the Stuart dj-na&ty. In 1035 Charles I. appointed commissioners, with absolute powers "to make laws and 
constitutions concerning either the State, public, or the utihty of individuals." Two years afterward he forbade thd 
emigration of all non-conformists, and in 1633 a quo warranto was issued, upon which judgment was given against the 
colonists without aflbrding them a hearing. The state of afiairs at home, however, prevented any further prosecution of 
these designs on the part of the king. 

The political axiom of the times was, that the peace of the State depended upon the unity of religioiis opinion, and it 
was mainly the enforcement of this axiom that led to the persecution of dissenting sects by the established goveniineuL 
The experience of Uieir own sufferings in England, from religious persecution, unfortunately taught the colonists no 
lesson of toleration. Scarcely had they organizeil themselves, than they began to put in practice a similar mode of com- 
pelling uniformity to that pursued by their own persecutors, and all not professing the peculiar views of the puritan 
government, then in vogue, were excluded from its protection. In 1635 the famous dispute arose respecting the coi-tnant 
of grace and the covenant of woi'k^, and those who espoused the side of the latter being the most numerous, resorted to 
the accepted and ancient mode of glorifying God by persecuting their oppom-nts. The leaders of the Antinomian party 
■were banished, and thus contributed to the settlement oX Khode Island, which had been begun the year previous by 
Eoger Williams and a party exiled for a similar cause. 

The downfall of monarchy in England checked the progress of emigration, by securing protection to the puritans at 
home, but was, in many other respects, advantageous to the colonies. Their civil liberties were safer, and some extraor- 
dinary privileges were granted to their commerce. The prospects of hostilities with the Indians, however, compelled 
Massachusetts, Plymouth, Connecticut, and New Haven to form a defensive confederation. On the liesioraiion Massa- 
chusetts was found to have increased in import;ince to such a tlegree, that the anxiety of the king was naturally awakened, 
It«t an impression should be made in favor o^lhe superior advantages of democratic institutions, and accordingly coercive 
measures were adopted by the crown, and commissioners were appointed to superintend alfairs. The navigation laws 
were enforced, and the destruction of tlie colonial charters resolved upon, but death marred the execution of the project 
by Cliarles II. His successor James was equally hosiile to freedom. He determined to unite all the provinee^ of New 
England into one government under a president aiul couucil, and found a fit agent for his purpose in Sir Edmond 
Andi-oss. After dissolvmg the charter governments of Connecticut and Ehode Island, the president proceeded to Massa- 
chusetts, where he compelled a temporary submission. Eeinonstranccs were in vain. The infatuated monarch was 
*lctermined to crush the spirit of freedom in both hemispheres, and in furtlierance of his designs, annexed New York 
and New Jersey to the Union already formed. Tlio government of Andross expired with that of his royal master, and 
the fijrmer order of things was immediately restored. 

The people of Massachusetts, however, derived no great advantages from the Revolution. They petitioned for the legal 
restoration of their charter, which the judges of Charles 11. had declared to be forfeited, but they found to their dissatisfac- 
tion that they were not to expect the same liberal provisio?is as before. The king was to appoint the governor, and by 
him the assetftbly was to I>e called, prorogued, and dissolved, and by him all ollicers were to be appointed. By the new 
charter Plymouth was now finally united to M:issachusclls. Notwithstanding its objecliouablo provisions, the now 
government went into o]>eration without any interference on the piu-t of the people, and this may not seem extraordinary 
when it is considered that the right of voting, which hitherto had been confined to church members, was now extended to 
all freeholders. ^ 

Almost the first act of the governor and counsel, on their coming into offlc£, was the institnlion of a court to try the 
nnfortunate victims of popular delusion accused of witchcraft at Salem. This delusion took po^ession of the minds of all, 
and so firmly convinced were the magistrates that the Prince of Darkness was in their midst, using human instruments to 
accomplish his p\u-poscs, that the slightest testimony was deemctl suflicient to justify a commituil for trial. Many were 
trie<.l, and received sentence of death. The jails were full of the accused, and, alas I before the spell of infatuation was 
454 



MAS 



MAS 



broken, which wa3 not before the rich and influentiiil became involved by accusations, no less than twenty unfortunates 
had undergone the penalty of the law ! 

The war with the French and Indians, which began in 1000, was not yet terminated. For seven years the frontiers 
were ravaged. Peace between England and France, which was concluded in 1097, wa3 soon fnllowed by pt'ace with the 
savages. When war again broke out in Europe, in 1707, Massachuselts again joined in arms with tlie mother country, and-^ 
contributed largely in money and men. While thus supporting the wars undertaken by England, however, the assembly 
did not forget its own rights, and was warmly engaged in contests with the royal governnr. Every session presented a 
Boene of altercation, and public business was with difficulty transacted, through the determination of tbe representatives 
not to give a fixed salary to their governor, which the latter was resolved to obtain. 

War again broke out between France and England in 1745, and an expedition against Lonisburg was projected in 
Massachusetts. A poweifu! armament was prepared principally by this province, and the command given tn Colonel 
l'epper<--H. a rich merchant of Boston. The fort was taken, but at tlie subsequent jieace Louisburg was restored to the 
French, a proceeding which caused great discontent in Massachusetts. In t!ie war which ended in the subjiigatiDii of 
Canada, Massachusetts surpassed her former exertions in supporting the arms of England. Jn the year 17o7 she ha-l 
9,H"0 men in the field, and maintained this number untU the return of peace in 1763. 

The extraordinary expenses of this war led to the imposition of internal taxes on the very colonies which had expended 
so much blood and treasure in their support. Massachusetts was the first to remonstrate against, and the most slrenuous 
to oppose, this injustice. At the recommendation of her court it was that the first conlmental congress was convened. 
When, after the repeal of the stamp act, the duty on tea was attempted to be imposed, the earliest pojtular movements 
appeared at Boston. The attempts of the British ministry to enforce obedience only strengthened the cause of the 
colonists, and the flame of war which broke out in Massachusetts gradually extended itself over the whole Anglo-American 
possessions. Massachusetts was, in tbe early part of the contest, the theatre of hostilities, by which she sulfcrcd much, 
while she contributed greatly by her exertions to the successIW issue of the conflict. 

The extreme pressure of the taxes consequent on these exertions led to serious discontent among the people after the 
■. peace of 17^. The government was feebly administered, and at length, in 17S6. an open insurrection took place in the 
western counties. The insurgents, under a popular leader, named Shays, committed great excesses, and all order for a 
time was suspended. They were at length overcome by General Sheppard, and tht-h- leaders driven out of the State. 

JIassachusetts ratified the federal constitution on the 6th February, 17SS. 

The policy of the State, during the war of 1S12, was in opposition to that of the general government. Her political 
weight had always been cast in the scale of the federal party. The whole people were vehemently opposed to the war, 
and her governors refused to place the State militia under the control of their political opponents. From this period to 
the Convention at Hartford, in which Massachusetts took an active part, the ads of her party leaders uniformly tended to 
embarrass the government. Massachusetts suffered somewhat in her commerce during the latter part of the war, but 
except in the occupation of a part of the then district of Maine by Brilisti forces, experienced little injury from tiie contest. 
It was during the wars which succeeded the French lievolulion, and tbis war, that the manufacturing interests of Massa- 
chusetts took root, and obtained a permanent stability. 

Maine hitherto had been attached to Massachusetts, but in 1S20 this connection was dissolved by nmtual consent, and 
the former was admitted as an independent State of the United Stales. 

Boston, on Massachusetts Bay, is the pohtical capital of the State. 



Massa.0 county, EL Situate in the exfreme S., and con- 
tains '234 sq. m. Ohio r. is its S. boundary, and in the N. is 
tJie pond Slough, a line of ponds and marshes, with islands 
of rich land between, but it has no considerable streams. 
On the Ohio is a tract of dry barrens, and furtlier N. much 
excellent land. Com is tlie staple product Tobacco is 
raised, and beef and pork are exjiorted. Farms 3S5; 
manuf 11 ; dwell. 704, and pop.— wh. 4,070, fr. coL 22— 
totid 4,092. Capltiil : Metropolis. 

Massan'utton, p. o., Page co., Yirg. : 97 ra. N. N. W. 
Eichmond. Near it is a beautiful sheet of water on Massa- 
nutton Mountain, which has an unbroken f:dl of near 50 
feet, below which the water flows in a deep chasm of lime- 
stone rock with banks nearly perpendicular. The fall pre- 
sents a beautiful spectacle. 

Massena, t. and p. v., St. Lawrence co., K. Y.: 16.5 m. 
N. by W. Albany. Drained by Fvackett and Grass r., flow- 
ing into the St. Lawrence, the latter hounding it on the N. 
Surface ideasantly diversified: soil rich and fertile, produc- 
ing frrass and grains. There is an extensive sulphur spring 
near Kacket r., which evolves large quantities of sulphu- 
reted hydrogen gas, and contains carbonates of soda, lime, 
magnesia, and suli)hur. There is extensive water-power 
here which is improved, and moves several large mills. 
The V. contains several mills, workshops, and stores, and 
alMiut 400 inhabitants. Pop. of t. 2,915. 

Masbky's Ceos3 Koads, p. o., Kent co., Md. : 45 m. N. E. 
Annapolis. 

Massilon, p. v., Stark co., OJiia ; on the left bank of Tus- 
carawas r., 93 m. N. E. Columbus. At this point also the 
Ohio Canal and the Ohio and Pennsylvania \l. E. intersect, 
furnishing avemies of travel and transport;ition in every di- 
rection. Massilon was founded in 1S20— in 1S40 it contain- 



ed 1,422 inhabitants, and inlSSO upward of .3,500 inhabitants. 
It is one of the most flourishing interior towns of the State, 
and is tbe depfU of a rich and extensive agricultural vicinity. 
It has been called, and not inaptly, the " wheat city," its trade 
in that staple being enormous. Tbe v. is neatly and substan- 
tially built, and many of the dwellings and warehouses are 
of stone, which is abunilant in the neighborhood, and the 
bridge over the Tuscarawas is also an elegant stme struc- 
ture. The manufactures of MassUon are in a flourishing 
condition, and comprise a considerable variety' of handi- 
crafts — iron-ware and flour being the principal products, 
Biluminnus coal of an excellent quality is abundant, and has 
been mined for several years. The aggregate exports and 
imports of this place are estimated at nearly $5,000,000 an- 
nually. A bank is located here. The newspapers publish- 
ed here are, the *'M. News" (indep.), the "Wheat City 
Mercury*' (dem.), and the " Missionary Messenger'' (Luth,), 
all published weekly. The v. has several good schools, 
among which the Union School sLinds pre-eminent, and 
also churches of the principal Christian denominations. The 
locatifin of Massilon is well chosen, and is one abounding 
in rich and warm scenery; its vicinity is thickly settled, 
and villagi'S have sprung up on aU sides. On the west side 
of the river is a suburb of the v., called 'West Massilon, 
which will probaltly become a large place, having equal 
facilities with the original village. 

Massilon. p. v., AU«'n co., IiuT. : in S. E. part of county, 
99 m. N. E. Indianajiolis. 

Massflok, p. v.. CUnton co., la. : near W. boundary of 
county, 2 ra. N. Wapsii)inicon r., 37 m. N. E. Iowa City. 

Masten's Coknec, p. o., Kent co., Del. : 5 m. W. Dover. 

Mastiirsonville, p. v., Lancaster co., Penn. : 39 m. S. E. 
Ilarrihburg 

4£5 



MAS 



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Mastekton, p. v., Monroe Co., Ohw: 9D ni. E. bj- S. 
Cohimbus. 

Mast Hope, sla., Sullivan co., N. T.: on the New York 
and Erie E. E., 126 m. New York. 

Mast Yard, p. v., Merrimac co., if. Hamp. : on N. side 
of Contoocook r., a branch of the Merrimac r., 7 m. Vi. 
Concord. The Concord and Chircmonl E. E. passes through 
the v., distant 19 m. from Bradford, at which place stages 
connect with cars for Newberry, Sunapee, Newport, Clare- 
mont, etc. 

Matagoeda county, Teap. Situate S. E. on the Gulf, and 
contams 992 sq. m. Colorado r. flows S. through the mid- 
dle, and many small streams empty into Matagorda Bay, 
the largest being the Trespalaeios and C.aney bayoux. Sur- 
face almost uniformly level. Most of the county is ojjcn 
prairie, but the Colorado and Caney have broad forests on 
either side, and the smaUer streams have all narrow belts 
of timber. Soil exceedingly rich, being generally a deep 
black mold, free from stones, with a substratum of red 
loam ; near the Caney it is of a mulatto color, light and 
friable, but clammy and adhesive near the prairies. Corn 
and cotton produce large crops. Tobacco of the verj- best 
kind is raisfd in the S., and the coast region is eminently 
fitted for rice-growing. The sugar raised is superior, and 
the county is admirably adapted to its cultivation. When 
the rata are removed the rivers will open abundant com- 
manication with the interior. Farms 89 ; manuf ; dwell. 
1V6, and pop.— wh. 913, fr. col. 3, si. 1,20S— total 2,124. 
Capital: Matagorda. 

Matagorda, p. v., and cap. Matagorda co., T«r.: on an 
elevated plain at the S. W.comer of Bay Prairie, 2 m. F.. 
of the outlet of Colorado r., on the N. bank of Matagorda 
Bay, 1.38 m. S. E. Austin City. It is the only important v. 
in the county, it has an excellent harbor, and is at aU sea- 
sons approachable by vessels drawing S and 9 feet of water. 
When the raft of the Colorado shall have been removed, 
this town will become the dcp6t of one of the mo.st fertile, 
productive, and extensive sections of T«xas. " The Colo- 
rado Tribune" is the name of a weekly issue. 

Matamoea, p. o., Hardeman co., Tenit. : 155 m. S. 'VT. 
Nashville. 

Matamoeas, p. o., Montgomery co., iK Car. : SI m. S.'W. 
Raleigh. 

Matheeton, p. o., Ionia county, -Mich. : 23 m. N. W. 
Lansing. 

Matildattlle, p. v., St. Lawrence co., JK r: .- on Eacket 
r., 147 m. N. N. W. Albany. 

Matilda vn,i.E, p. v.. Clarion CO., Pemi. : on the S. side 
of Clarion r., 67 m. N. by E. Pittsburg, and 155 \V. N. W. 
Harrisburg. 

MATTAfoNY river, Vtrg. : rises in Spoltsylvania county, 
and is formed by the junction of Mat, Ta, Po, and Ny rivers. 
At the S. E. point of King William County it unites with 
Pamunky r. to form York river. 

Mattapoisett, p. o., Plymouth CO., 3rass.: on Buzzard's 
Bay, 68 m. S. by E. Boston. The fishery is the chief em- 
ployment of the inhabitants, and is carried to a great extenL 
There is a fine harbor by the same name which makes up 
to the v. and affords good anchorage. 

Mattawamkeag, p. v., Penobscot CO., Me. : on the E. 
side of the Penobscot r., 113 m. N. E. Augusta. 

Mattawan, p. v.. Van Buren co., Mich. : 69 m. S. W. 
Lansing. The Michigan Central E. E. passes the v. 126 m. 
distant Detroit and 127 Chicago. 

MattejVwan, p. v., Duchess co,, K Y. : on Fishkill cr., 
14 m. from the landing on the Hmlson, 77 m. 8. Albany. 
The creek has here a fall of 40 foot, and affords extensive 
water-power, which is improved for manufacturing pur- 
poses. The v. contains about 2,000 inhabitants, and is the 
seat of extensive iron-works and machine shops, and has 
besides these several cotton and other factories, chiefly en- 
gaged in the manufacture of heavy goods. 
Mattuews county, rirg. Situate S. E. on the Chesa- 
4S6 



peake, and contains 89 sq. m. Piankatank r. is iU N. 
bound:u-y, and Mobjack Bay lies on the S., into which East 
r. flows, the largest stream of the county. Surface' low and 
level ; soi! of average fertility. Com is the slapic, and 
there is some good wheat land. The bays and creeks 
abound in flnc oysters, and the shad and herring fl,«hcries 
are very valuable. It has no miU-strcams, but wind-mills 
.and tide-mills are used. Oji the Piankatank is cvcellcnl 
ship timber. Farms 293 : manuf. 8; dwell. 711, and pop.— 
«h. 3,644, fr. col. 147, si. 2,928.— total 6,714. Capital- 
Matthews C. H. 

Mattuew's C. n., p. v., and cap. Matthews co., Virg. : in 
the centre of county, 9 m. N. W. New Point Comfort, and 
69 m. E. Eichmond. 

Mattukw-s Mills, p. o., Eichland co., III.: on W. side 
Fox r,, 109 m. S, E. Springfield, 

MATinEW's Store, p. o., Aune Arundel Co., Mel. : 15 m. 
N. by W. AnnapoUs. 

Mattuewsville, p. v,, Pocahontas eo,, Virg.: 123 m. 
W, N, W. Eichmond. The v. is situate at the fixit of the 
Alleghany Mouutains which bound the county on the E. 

Mattl',on, t. and p, o,. Branch co., J/icA..- 61 m. S. W. 
Lansing. Drained by SL Joseph's r. and Swan cr., one of 
its branches. There is a pond in the S, E. part of the L 
Surface rolling; soil dark, rich, sandy loam, with oak ojien- 
ings. The timber hind afl'ords excellent grazing, the re- 
mainder is weU adapted to grain. Pop, of t, 475, 

Mattitfck, p. v,, Sufl-olk CO,, A^ Y. : on the Long Island 
E, E,, S3 m. New York, 183 m, S, E, Albany, It is a small 
V, situate midway between Great Peconio Bay and Long 
Island Sound, It contains a church and about 85 dwehings. 
Mattoas, sta., Amcha co,, rirg. : on the Eichmoud and 
DanvUle E. E,, 27 m. S. W, Eichmond. 

Mal-ch CuiTiK, t., p, v,, and cap. Carbon co,, Peim.: 
71 m. N. E.H.arrisburg. Surface mountainous; soil gravelly. 
Drained by Beaver, Mauch Chunk, and other creeks which 
empty into the Lehigli r. The v. is situate at the head of 
the Lehigh Canal, on which the great bulk of the coal is 
carried to market, and on the W. bank of Lehigh r., in a 
beautiful ravine, walled in on either side by rocky mount- 
ains of a great height, forming a very picturesque appear- 
ance. This being an important coal region, the iuhabilanls 
are chiefiy employed in mining and shipping coal. There 
is bnt little of the t. under culture, provisions being brought 
from a distance. There are two anthracite blast furnaces 
here, each having an annual capacity of 2,000 tous. The great 
coal mine is reached by an inclined plane some 700 feet in 
length with a 200 feet rise, A railway extends to the mine. 
The M.auch Chunk and Summit Hill E. E. verges from 
here and connects wilJi the Philadelphia and Ecading E. E. 
by stage from Summit Hill to Tamaqua, distance by stage 
6 m. Besides the court-house and usual public buildings, 
there are some fine stores, dwellings, and a number of mills 
and workshops in the t. There are two weekly newspapers 
published here, the " Carbon Democrat" (dem,), and " Car- 
bon County Gazette" (whig), I'oj), of t. 2,568. 

Mauckpoet, p. v,, Harrison co,, In^. : on the N. bank 
of the Ohio r., near the mouth of Buck cr., 115 m. S. 
lndi.an.apolis. 

Mal-ldikg's Mili.9, p. o., Wayne eo., IH. : 115 m, 8, E. 
Springfield, on the W, side Skillet Fork of Little Waliasb, 

Maii.mee City, p, v,, and cap. Lucas co,, 0/iio: on the W, 
side of Maumee r,, at the foot of the rapids and at the hea.l 
of navigation, 118 m, N. N, W, Columbus, The Wab,Tsh 
and Erie Canal passes the v,, and is connected with the 
river by a side cut, aCTording it excellent commercial facil- 
ities. It contains a court-house and other eoulily buildings, 
churches of several denominations, numerous stores, and 
several factories and fiouring mills driven by the excellent 
water-power afforded by the r.apids above the place. Pop. 
1,757, The " Maumee Eivor Times" (whig) is pubUshed 
here weekly, 
Maumee river, Ohio. This river rises in the N. E. par» ' 



MAU 



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of Indiana, and flowing N. E., enters Lake Erie through 
Maiimee Bay. It is funned by the junction of Little 8t. 
Joseph's, St. Mary's, and Great and Little Auglaiso rivers, 
lis length is about 100 m., and 50 in. from its mouth it is 70 
rods wide. The navigation is open to schooners and steam- 
boats IS ni. to Perrysburg, and in spring and fall isboalable 
to Fort "Wayne, and at all times furnishes extensive water- 
power. The Wabash and Erie Canal is constructed along 
its banks. The country on its borders is very productive. 

Maumeli^, p. o., Pulaski co., Ark.: 15 m. N. W. Little 
Eock. 

Mauiiick river, K Jer. : a tributary of Delaware r. from 
Gloucester co. It is navigable 20 m. for vessels of SO or 100 
tons. It has fine embanked meadows, and on its upper 
course afforils valuable water-power. Excellent oysters are 
taken at its mouth. 

Mauricetown, p. v., Cumberland county, ^^. Jer. : on "W. 
bank of Maurice r., 10 m. from its mouth and 01 m. S, J \V. 
Trcntmi. 

Maukius, p. T.. Vigo CO., Ind. : near a fork of Furman's 
cr.,Tl m. W. S. W. Indianapolis. 

Maltey county, Ttiui. Situate W. centrally, and contains 
49S sq. m. Drained by Duck r. and it5 branches. Surface 
diversified ; soil very fertile, adapted equatly to grass or 
grain. Corn is the great staple, and the crop very large- 
Cotton is a heavy product ; and wheat and the other grains 
and tobacco all succeed welL The pastures are fine, and feed 
great numbers of cattle and sheep. Pork is a very heavy 
export. It has extensive and flourishing manufactures of 
cotton and woolen goods, liquors, leather, flour, iron-ware, 
etc. Farms 1.501; inanuf. 112; dwell. 2MI, and pop.— 
wh. 16,7G0, fr. eol. 90, si. 12,6T0— total 20,520. Capital: 
Columbia. Puhlic Works: Nashville and Alabama II. K. 

Mavais, p. v., Osage co.. Mo,: on W. bank of Mavais cr., 
a tributary of Osage r., 23 m. 8. by E. Jefferson City. 

Maxey. p. v., Oglethorpe co., Ga. : 47 ni. N. Milledgeville, 
on the Athens Branch of Georgia E. K., 13 m, from Union 
Point station. 

Maxfleld, t. and p. v., Penobscot co., 3fe. : S7 m. N. E. 
Augusta. Drained by Piscataquis river and Sebois stream. 
Surface rolling; soil fertile; well adapted to grain. The v. 
is pleasantly situate on N. side of Piscataquis r. Water- 
power is good and is used by several saw-mills. Population 
of the t. 1S6. 

Maxwell, p. c, Delaware co., Ok io : 21 m. N. Columbus. 

Mat, p. 0., Lancaster county, Penii. : 39 m. E. by S. 
Earrisburg. 

Matbekry, p. 0., Lewis county. Mo. : 105 m. N. by E. 
Jefferson City. 

Maybixtos, p. v., Newberry dist, S, Car. : on a small 
cr. which flows into the Congaree r., 39 ra. N. W. Colutnbia. 

Mayfceld, p. o., "Warren county. Ga. : on the E. side of 
Ogeechee r., 89 m. N. E. Milledgeville. 

Mavfield, p. v., and cap. Graves co., A'y. ; on a branch 
of Mayflekl r., 229 m. 9. W. Frankfort. It contains a cnurt- 
house, jail, several stores and dwellings, and about 200 
inhabitants. 

Mayfleld, p. o., Jackson county, Tenn,: 61 m. N. N. E. 
Nashville. 

Mavfiixd, t. and p. v., Fulton co., K. Y. : 83 ra. N. W. 
Albany. Drained by tributaries of Sacondaga r. Surface 
mounlainnus; soil sandy and clay loam, well adapted to 
grain. The Mayfield ridge crosses the N. part. The v. of 
Mayfleld is situate centrally, and contains about 30 dwell- 
ings. The t*^wn lias several considerable and important 
manufactures. Pop. 2,429. 

Mayfif.ld. t. and p. o., Cuyahoga co., Ohio : 139 m. N. E. 
Columbus. Drained by Chagrine r. and some small creeks 
which empty into Lake Erie. Surface level; soil fertile. 
Pop. of t. 1,117. 

Mayfikld, p. 0., Isle of Wight co., Virg. : 5T m. S. E. 
EichmouJ. 

May Flowed, p. o., Otsego co., N". Y. .* 68 m. W. Albany. 



May Hill, p. o,, Lee co., ///. ; 133 m. N. SpriiigticM. 

Mayo, x*. v., Halifax county, Virg.: on the Halifax and 
Boyilton post-road, 93 m. S. W. Richmond. 

Mayoning, p. o., Patrick county, IV/'j/. ■ 15' m. S.W. by W. 
FLichmon<i. 

Mayfort Mtlls, p. v., Duval co., Flor. : on Die N. bank 
of St. John's r., 157 m. E. Tallahassee. 

May's Landlno, p. v., and cap. Atlantic co., K. Jtv.: on 
Great Egg Harbor r., at the head of sloop navigation, 16 m. 
from the ocean, and 51 m. S. Trenton. It has a considerable 
trade in wood and lumber, and ship-building is carried on 
to some extent. It i3 built on both sides of the r.. and con- 
tains a court-house, several stores, and workshops. Pop. 
about 250. 

May's Lick, p. c, Mason co., Ky.: near Johnson's cr., 
Gl m. N. E. Frankfort. 

Maysville, p. v., and cap. Clay co., /?'. .* on the outskirts 
of Twl^lve MUe Prairie, 99 m. S. E. Springfldd, 2 m. W. 
Litllc Wabash r. The court-house is situahxl here. 

Maysvllle, p. v.. Mason co., Ky. : on the 3. si<le of Ohio 
river, 73 m. N. E. Fl-ankfort. It is situate on a high bank, 
and is backed by hills which rise to a considerable height. 
For many years it was known as "Limc?tone." from tlie 
creek of that name, which here enters the Ohio. It is 
regularly laid out, the streets crossing each olbcr at right 
angles, and most of its stores and dwellings are subst;mtially 
built- The principal buildings are the city hall, 7 or 8 
churches, 13 schools and seminaries, a hospital, a bank, 3 
steam cotton factories, a bagging factory, 2 foundries. 5 or 6 
rope-walk3, several saw and flour mills, and other factories, 
aljout 50 groceries, wholesale and retail, 27 dry gOi)ds stores, 
several pork-packing establishments, 4 lumber yards, and 
numerous other manufacturing and trading eslabHshmcnts. 
The newspapers published here are the "Post Boy" (irulep.), 
an<i the " M. Eagle" (whig), both issued tri-weekly and 
weekly, and the " M. Flag" (dem.) and the " M. Herald" 
(whig), both weekly issues. Maysville is one of the most 
imjiortant place^ in Kentucky ; it has a good harbor, and is 
tile port of a large and productive section ni' the State, and 
when the ruilroads now in progress— the Maysville and 
Lexington E. R., and the Maysville and Big Sandy E. E.— 
are completed, its commercial fleld will be immeasurably 
enlarged, and the prospects of its becoming a first-rate 
mart greatly favored. The great road leading from Chilli- 
cothe, in Ohio, to Lexington, passes through this place. 
The V. was first settled in 1734, under the auspices of Simon 
Kenton; in 17SG it was the residence of Daniel lJOi)ne, the 
famous pioneer; until 1S15 it made little progress ; in 1S33 
it was incorporated ; in 1S40 it contained 2.741 inhabilanis, 
and in 1S50, 4,255 inhabitants. Its population within tho 
past two years since 1S50 is supposed to have gainc-1 50 per 
cent, in numbers, an increase dependant on the great facili- 
ties its railroad connections will give to its trade. 

Maysville, p. o., Jackson county, Ga. : 73 m. N. N. W. 
Milledgeville. 

Maysville, p. o., Madison county, Ala. : 107 ra. N. 4 W. 
Montgomery. 

Maysville C. H., p. v., and cap. De Kalb co., Mo.: on a 
branch of Blue creek, centre of co., 149 m. N. E. Jefferson 
City. 

Maystille, p. v., and cap. Buckingham co., Virg. : on 
Slate r., 57 m. W. Eiehmond. It contains the county build- 
ings, several stores, and about 300 inhabitants. 

Maysville, p. v., Benton co., A7-k. : on a branch of Flag 
cr., near Bates Prairie, 175 m. N. W. Little Kook. 

Maysville, p. v., Huntingdon county, Ind. : 79 m. N. E. 
Indianapolis. 

Maysville, p. 0., Greenbrier CO., Virg. : 173 m. W. by N, 
Eiehmond. 

Maytow'N, p. V,, Lancaster co., Perm.: 21 m. S. E. 
Harrisburg. It is located about 8 m. N, E. from Susque- 
hanna r., and contains several stores, and about 200 inhab- 
itants. 

457 



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Matville, p. v., and cap. Chaulauque co., y. T. : at the 
N. W. end of Chautauque lake, 2D9 m. "W. by S. Albany. 
It contains Ihc county buildings. The v. is ploasanlly silii- 
ated, and is aocessilile by steamboat. The *'M. Sentinel" 
(dem.), "M. Beacon" (whig)j and "M. Express" (dem), are 
published hrre. It has several shops and stores*, and about 
Ct»0 inhabitant?. 

Mavvillf., p. T., Dodge co., Wise. : on N. side of Rock r., 
47 ra. N. E. Madison. 

Mazon, p. v., Gnmdy co., III. : on the "W". side of Mazon 
r., and on the border of Grand Prairie, lyhich covers the 
S. E. part of the connty. 

Mkade county, Xi/. Situate N. W., and contains 279 
sq. tn. Drained by Otter, Wolf, and Spring creeks, smtfll 
alTluents of the Ohio, which forms its N. boundary. Sur- 
face uneven, and in parts hilly ; soil mostly fertile. Corn, 
wheat, and tobacco are the principal crops. It has consider- 
able water-power and manufactories of woolen and cotton 
goods, flour, and liquors. Farms 4S9; manuf. 7; dwell. 
947, and pop.— wh. 5,799, fr. coL 21, sL 1,5T3— total 7,393. 
Ca2>ital: Brandenburg. 

Meadeeville, p. 0., Macon co., Tenn.: 47 m. N. E. 
Nashville. 

Meadow Bluff, p. o., Greenbrier co., Yirg, : on "W. bank 
of Meadow r., 179 m. W, by N. Kichmond. 

Meadow Branch, p. o., Jackson county, Ohio: 61 m. 
S. by E. Columbus. 

Meadow Creek, p. c. Orange co., K. Ojt. : 85 m. N. W. 
Ealeigh. 

Meadow Creek, p. c. Wbitley co., Xt/. : 97 m. S. by E. 
Frank Ibrt. 

Meadow Dale, p. o., Highland co., Virg, : 119 m. N. "W. 
Eiehmond, 

Meadow Farm, p. c, Muskingum co., Ohio: 53 m. E. 
Columbus. 

Mead's Bason, p. v., Passaic co., IT". Jer. : on the Morris 
and Essex Canal, 57 ra. S. by "W. Trenton. 

Mi!AD'sCoRNER8, p. 0., Crawford CO., Penn.; 191 m.N.W. 
Harrisburg. 

Mead's Mill, p. 0.,'^rajTae co., ^Hch. : 65 m. S. E. Lansing. 

"Meadsville, p. 0., Jackson county, ^^a. .* 155 miles N. 
Montgomery. 

Meadvilli:, p. v., and cap. Franklin co., Mi^s. : on Mor- 
gan's Fork, a branch of Ilomochiilo r., 69 m, S. "W. Jackson. 
The court-house is situate in this village. 

Meadtille. p. v.. and cap. Crawford co., Perm. : on the 
E. side of French cr., 93 m. N. W. by "W. Harrisburg. It is 
very pleasantly located on an elevation rising gradually from 
Uie r. In the centre is a fine square, on one side of which 
is the court-house, buiJt of brick and cut stone, and orna- 
mented with a fine cupola. It contains a number of churches, 
an academy, and a Slate arsenal, and is tlie scat of the Alle- 
ghany College, founded in 1S17, having (in ISoO) apresident, 
4 professors, 114 alumni, and 106 students, with a library 
containing 8,200 volumes. The "Western Theological School, 
also situated here (commenced in 1S44), has 4 professors 
and 40 students. The lil)rary contains 8,000 volumes. 
Moadville is also a manufacturing place. It has several 
furnaces, tanneries, distilleries, mills, etc., and here are pub- 
lished four newspapers, the "Crawford Democrat" (dem.), 
the '-M. Gazette" (whig), the "Pennsylvania Scnlinel" 
(dem.), and the •' Whig Journal" (whig), all issued weekly. 
Pop, 2,.'i"S, 

Mradville, p. o., Halifax county, Virg.: 105 ra. 8. "W. 
Richmond. 

Meadwat. p. o., Biu-ke county, Ga.: 75 m. W. by 8. 
Milledgcville. 

Meansville, p. 0., ITnion dist, S. Car. : 67 ra. W. N. W. 
■ Columbia, 

MKrrA, t. and p. o., Trumbull county, Ohio: 149 ra. N. E. 
Columlnis. Draim-d by the Musqnito r. nnd ita branches, a 
tributary of the Ohio r. Surface undulating; soil ftrtile, 
and adapted to grazing. Pop. of t. 873. 
463 



Mechanicsbiteg, p. T., Lehigh co., Penn. : 69 m. E. N. E- 
Harrisburg. 

Mechamcsbtjro, p. v., Sangamon CO., 7M. ; 13 m. E, byN. 
Springfield, on a fertile prairie, 4 m. "W. Sangamon r. 

MEcnANicsBUKG, p. V., Champaign co., Ohio: on Little 
Darby cr., 33 m. W. Columbus. It contains several mills, 
mechanic shops, efc., and 6S2 inhabitants. 

Mecuanicsuueq, p. o., Henry county, Iiul. : 89 m. N. E. 
Indianapolis. 

MEcnANicsBiniG, p. b., Cumberland co., Penn. : 12 ra. W. 
by S. Harrisburg. The Cumberland Valley K. R. passes 
through it, 10 m. from Carlisle. It contains a nmnber of 
disiilleries, flouring-mills, saw-mills, etc., and about SUO 
inhabitants. 

MBcnANicsBcrsG, p. 0., Macon co., Mo.: 91 m. N. N. "W. 
JeffL-raon City. 

MECHANicBEtmo, p. T., Van Buren co., la. : in a beautiful 
and well-cultivated district, lOS m. S. S. E. Iowa City. 

Mechanics BURG, p. v., Giles co., Virg. : on a branch of 
New r., near Walker's mln., 199 m. W. by 8. Eiehmond. 

Mecuanig's Falls, p. v., Cumberland co., J/e. .• on the 
Androscoggin r., 34 m. S. W. Augusta. The Buckfleld 
Branch E. K. here diverges from the Atlantic and St. Law- 
rence li. K.,36 m. from Portland. The water-power is her« 
immense. 

Mechanic's Grove, p. o., Lancaster co., Peniu ; 35 m. 
8. E. Harrisburg. 

Mechanicstown, p. v., Frederick co., Md. : 65 m. N. W. 
Annapolis. 

Mbcjianicstown, p. v., Carroll co., Ohio: 113 m. E. N. E, 
Colurabus. 

Mechanics ville. p. v., Jasper co., Go. .* about 1} m. E, 
Ocmulgee r., and 43 m. N. W. by W. Milled gevillc. 

Mechanics ville, v. and sta., Westchester co., y. Y. : on 
the line of tho Hariem R. K., 45 m. from City Hall of New 
York City. 

Mechanicsttlle, p. v., Saratoga co., JVT T. : on the W. 
bank of the Hudson r., 17 m. N. Albany, and at the mouth 
of Anthony's Kill, tiie outlet to Round Lake. There ara 
several mills of different kinds, a number of factories and 
workshops, and a match factory here. The Charaplain 
Canal and Rensselaer and Saratoga R. R, pass through tho 
v., 11 m. N. Troy. 

Mechanicsville, p. 0., Cannon co., Tenn. : 45 m. E. S. K 
Nashville. 

MEcnANicsTTLLE, p. V., Sumtcr dist, S. Car.: on tho 
Sumterville post-road, 41 m. E. by N. Columbia. 

Mechanics VILLE, p. o., Rutland co.. Verm. : 49 m. 8. W. 
Montpelier. 

Mechanicsville, p. T., Bucks CO., 7V?in. ; 95 ro. E. Har- 
risburg. This place was formerly called Newark. 

Mechanics VILLE, p. v., Louisa co., Virg. : 4G ra. N. W. 
Richmond. 

Mecuum's RrvER, p, o., Albemarle co., Virg. : 107 m. 
W. N. W. Richmond. The river is here crossed by thO 
Virginia Central R. R., 10 m. W. Chariotterille. 

MECKLENBrRG couuty, X. Car. Situate S. W., and con- 
tains r)7S sq. m. Bounded W. by the Cat^iwba. and draiin^d 
by its branches, M'Alpin's. Great and Little Sugar, David- 
son's, and other creeks. Surface moderately uneven, and 
soil vej^' fertile. Cotton is the staple. Corn and wheat are 
very fine crops, and the grazing is excellent; live-stock, 
wool, and pork are exported. Fine mill-seats are atumd- 
ant, and it has large flouring-mills and distilleries. Several 
rich gold-mines are in this county. Davidson College, 
foundi'd 1S3S, is in the N. E. part of Mecklenburg, and has 
a pre**ident and 4 profe,tsors, and in 1S50 had 140 alumni, 
60 students and a library of 5,000 volumes. Farms 1.0.%; 
manuf. 16; dwell. 1,632, and pop.— wh. S,2S4. fr. col. 153. el. 
5,47il_lotal 13,914. Capital: Chariotto. PnhUc. Works: 
North Carolina Central E. R. ; Charlotte and South Carolina 
K. R., etc. 

Mecklenbitrg county, Virg. Situate E. on S. line, and 



MEC 



MEI 



conLiiDS 6S5 sq. m. Bounded N. by Meherrin river, and 
drained by branohcsof the Roanoke, which flows E. through 
the S. part. Surface nneven — in parts hilly ; soil generally 
fertile, with many tracts of pasture^'iand. Tobacco is the 
staple, and the production very large ; cotlon and wheat are 
ali^o excellent crops, and the number of sheep reared is 
larEce. It has good water-power, fine timber, and manu- 
factures flour, leather, iron castings, etc. Kandolph Macon 
College is in Mecklehburg. Farms 6GG: manuf. 25; dwell. 
1.5110," and pop.— wh. T,556, fr. col. 91*2. si. 12,4(52— total 
20,030. Capital : Boydton. Public Works : Koarioke 
Valley R. R. 

Mecklenrubg, p. v., Knox co., Tenn.: on the K.side of 
Itolston r., above the junction of French Broad r., 1G6 m. E. 
Nashville, and 12 ni- E. by S. from Knoxville. 

Mecklenbubg, p. v., Tompkins co., X Y. : on the Ithaca 
post-road, 159 m.W. Albany. There are a number of mills, 
factories, and workshops here, and about 400 inhabitants. 

Mecosta county, Mich. Situate centrally on Lower 
Peninsula, and contains 7'20 sq. m. Maskcgon river flows 
S. "W. through the W. part, and has numerous branches 
■which drain the co. In the N. are many ponds, among 
them Chippewa Lake, the source of Chippewa river, whose 
watrra flow into Lake Huron. The surface is elevated and 
rolling, with a fine growth of limber. It is unorganized. 

MEOAnv, p. 0., Putnam county, Ohio: lOG m. 2J. W. 
Columbus, 

Medfiei-d, t and p. v., Norfolk co., 3fas8. : 15 m. S. W. 
Boston. Drained by Charles and Stop rivers. Siuface di- 
versified; soil fertile and well cultivated. There are in the 
town several mills and manufactories, among the latter of 
which there are some of straw goods, which are in a flour- 
. ishing condition. The v, contains several stores and work- 
shops, and about 50 dwellings. Pop. of t. 9G6. 

Mrdfokp, t. and p. v., Mitldlesex co., Jfasi. : at the head 
of navigation, on the Mystic river, 5 m. N. by W. Boston. 
Brained by Mystic r. and its branches. Surface undulating ; 
soil good and well cultivated. Mcdford is a flourishing t., 
having a large number of manufactories of various kinds, 
producing Unseed oil. spirits, bricks, leather, plows, etc., 
together with a number of mills and workshops. Ship- 
building is carried on successfully to a large extent The 
Boston and Lowell R. K., as also the Middlesex Canal, pass 
through it, the latter 7 m. from Boston. The village, situate 
centrally, contains a number of stores and workshops. iWest 
Medford is the name of a station on the line of the SSi K., 21 
miles from Lowell. Pop. of t. 3,749. 

Medford, p. v.. Burlington co., y. Jet\ : 23 m. S. Trenton. 
It contains a Friends' meeting-house, half a dozen stores, 
and about 300 inhabitants. 

Medina county, O/n'n. Sihiate N. E., and contains 416 
sq. m. Brained by Rocky r., E. branch of Black r., and 
branches of Chippewa and Cuyahoga rivers. Surface roll- 
ing; soil of great fertility, equally ad.ipted to grass and 
grain. "Wheat and com are the leading cereals. The grazing 
lands are verj* fine — the dairies large, and wool and pork 
considerable exports. It has some water-power and nu- 
merous small manufactories. Farms 2.4G1; manuf. 77; 
dwell. 4.4:30. and pop.— wh. 24,411, fr. coU 30— total 24,441. 
Oipital : Medina. 

Medina count}'. T^. Situate S. "W., and contatns 1,214 
sq. m. IViunded N. E. by Medina and San Antonio rivers, 
and drained by Hondo, Seco, and Beer creeks of the Rio 
Frio and <hacan and Perez creeks of the San Miguel. Sur- 
face undidating. with elevations of considerable height in 
the N.. and mostly a rolling prairie, with narrow strips of 
woo<l on the streams. Soil very fertile, producing large 
crops of corn, and furnishing the best of pasture for droves 
of horses and cattle that roam at large over the plains. The 
streams are small, but afford sufficient mill-seals, and the 
climate is very salubrious. Limestone, marl, .ind iron are 
found. Farms 40; manuf. 0; dwell. 177, and pop. — wh. S31, 
fr. col. 0, si. 2S— total 909. CapUal : CastroviUe. 



Medina, p. v., "U'inuebago county, lU. : 214 m. N. 
Springfield. 

Medina, t. and p. v., Lenawee co., 3fich. : G7m. S. Lansing. 
Drained by TifBu's cr. Surface undulating; soil, sand and 
argillaceous loam; verjferlile. There are a number uf mills 
in the t. ; the j. is in N. E. on Tiffin's cr., and cont;iiiis sev- 
eral stores and workshops. Pop. of L 1,0S5. 

Medina, p. v., Orleans co., 2^. Y. : on the Erie Canal, at 
the junction of Oak Orchard cr., which is used as a feeder, 
and the liochoster. Lockport, and Niagara Falls R. R.,^i) ni. 
E.by N.Niagara Falls, and 247 m. W. by N. All>any. Thtre 
are several mills and factories, together wilh a nuniljcr nf 
warehouses, stores, and workshops, and a furnace in Ibt 
village. The " Medina Citizen" (dem.) is issued iiere. Pop. 
.about SOO. 

Medina, t. p. v., and cap. Medina co., Ohio .• 97 m. N. E. 
Columbus. Drained by Rocky river and its branches. Sur- 
face undulating; soil fertile. The river affords good wal^-r- 
power. The v. is very pleasantly situate on an eminence iu 
S. "W. part of t, on the Cleveland post-road, and contains 
the court-house and usual number of public buildings.as 
als^ a number of stores, mills, and workshops, and l.OOS in- 
habitants. The " Democratic Whig"' (whig), and '' Medina 
Democrat" (F. S. D.) are issued here. Pop. of t. 2.010. 

Medon, p. v., Madison county, Tenn. : 120 m. W. S. W, 
Nashville. 

Medusa, p. o., Albany co., K Y. : 15 m. W. Albany. 

Med WAY, t. and p. v., Norfolk co., M<isx.: 25 m. S. W. 
Boston. Brained by Charles river and its branches, whit-h 
afford it excellent water-power. Surface undulating; sol! 
fertile, producing fine grain. Incorporated in 1713. an<l has 
several stores, a number of mills and manufactories- among 
the latter, several cotton manufactoriea. The v. is at the 
terminus of a branch of the Norfolk County R. R., and con- 
tains a numl)er of stores and workshops, and about (30 
dwellings. Pop. of t 2,778. 

Medwat, p. o., Clark county, Ohio : 49 m. "W. by S. 
Columbus. 

Medwat, p. o., Greene co., JV! Y. : 31 m. S. W. Albany. 

Medybemfs, t. and p. v., Washington co., M''.: 132 m. 
E. N. E. Augusta. There is a pond on the N. of the t., by 
the outlet of which it is drained. Surface rugged; soil va- 
rie<l, with good wood lands. Pop. of t. 1S7. , 

Meek's Hill, p. o., York district, S. Car. : 7C m. X. 
Golnmbia, 

Meeme, t. and p. v., Manitouwoc co., TIT.sc. ; 101 m. N. E. 
Madison. Brained by a number of small streams fiowing 
into Lake Michigan. Surface various; soil fertile and heav- 
ily timbered. The v. is situate centrally. Pop. of t. 210. 

MEETiNdfiSTp.EET, p. V., EdgcQeld dlst., >S". Car.: 52 m. 
W. by S. Columbia. 

Meiieurw river, T7/v. ; rises in Charlotte co., and running 
E. through several counties, enters North Carolina, and 
unites with Nottoway r. to form the Chowan. 

Mehoopaxy, p. v., "Wyoming co., Peini. : on Mehoopany 
cr., near its confluence with the Susquehanna river, 96 m. 
N. N. E. IIarrisl)urg. 

Meigs county, Ohio. Situate S. E., and contains 403 
sq. m. Bounded E. by the Ohio, and drained by Le.iding 
cr., Shade r., and sm.aller affluents. Surface diversified— iu 
parts hilly. Soil fertile ; com and wheat are hirge crops, 
and thd staple cereals. Large numbers of sheep are raised, 
and much wwil exported. Large deposits of coal are found 
near the Ohio, which are wrought with much profit, and are 
demanding increased attention. It manufactures iron cast- 
inirs, machinery of various kinds, cordage, flour, and leather. 
Farm3l.l49; manuf. 57; dwell. 3,136, and pop.— wh. 17,!'24, 
fr. col. 47— total 1 7.971. Capital : Pomeroy. PuUic Work.'* : 
Cincinnali, Ilillsboro', and Parkersburg K. E.; Pomeroy 
Branch R. R. 

Meigs county. T''nn. Situate S. E., and contains 1S2 
sq. m. Bounded W. by the Tennessee, and S. by the III- 
wassee. Surface broken, and soil mostly fertile^ Com is 

459 



MEI 



MEN 



the staple. "Wheat and oats thrive, and small patches of 
cotton Jiud tobacco may be seen. Pork is an export. Farms 
r)9S ; nuinuf. 1 ; dwell. S19, and pop.— wh. 4,-tS3, fr. col. 1, 
si. 895 — t-jtal 4,879. Copitiil: Decatur. 

Meigs Creek, p. o., Morgan co., Ohio: 66 m. E. by S. 
Gjlumbus. 

Meiorville, t, and p. v., Morg-an county, 0?do : OS in. 
E. by S. Columbus. Drained by Meigs cr. and its bvauch- 
e?, wbich flow into the Muskingum r. Surface uueveu ; soil 
fiTtilc. It has pood hydraulic po\rer. There are a number 
of mills and njanufactories in the t. The village contains 
several dwellings, stores, and workshops, ropulation of 
L 1,513. 

Meigsville, p. v., Jackson co,, Ten7i. : on the "W. side of 
Cumberland r.; 6G m. E. N. E. NashviUe. 
• Melexdez, p. v., and cap. Benton co., Flor. : 150 m.B. E. 
Tallahassee. 

Mjellenville, p. v., Columbia co., JV; K; on the line of 
the Hudson and Berkshire P.. E., 9 m. E. Hudson, 29 m. S. 
Albany. It contains several factories and mills. 

MzLi^>"vii.LE, p. v., and cap. Orange co., Flor.: on the 
S. shore of Lake Monroe, 196 m. S. E. Tallahassee. 

Mellvii.le, p. 0., Chattooga co., Ga.: 169 m. N. "W. 
MilledgeviUe. 

Melmore, p. v., Seneca co., OMo : on the N. side of Honey 
cr., a branch of Sandusky r., 72 m. N. by W. Columbus. 

Melon, p. o., Harrison county, Virg. : 203 m. N. "W. 
Iliflimond. 

Melpine, p. 0., Muscatine county, 7a. : 30 m. S. E. 
I<.>wa City. 

RiELROSE, p. o., Eocklngham co., Virg.: 114 m. V^, 
Hichmoiid. 

Melrose, p. v., Clark co., lU. : IDS m. E. S. E. Springfield. 

Melrose, t and p. v., Middlesex co., Mtiss. : 3 m. N. 
Boston; f*)rmi'rly the N. part of Maiden. Drained by the 
head of Mystic r. Surface uneven ; soil good. The v. is 
on the line of the Boston and Maine R. E., 5 m. from Bos- 
ton, from which point the Medford Branch R. R. diverges. 
It is a very desirable place of residence for merchants doing 
business in Boston. Pop. of t. 1,2G0. 

Melrose, p. o., Rush county, Ind, : 39 m. E. S. E. 
Indianapolis. 

Melrose, p. v., and cap. Nacogdoches co., Tex. : ou the 
^Id military road, 219 m. N. E. Austin City. 

Melton's, p. o., Navarro county, Tfer. ; 143 m. N. by E. 
Austin Ciiy. 

Mkltonsville, p. v., Marshall county, Ala.: 182 m. N. 
Montgomery. 

Meltonsville, p. v., Anson co., K. Car. : on Big Brown 
cr.. 102 ra. S. W. Raleigh. 

Melvin, p. o., Ballard county, Ky. : 243 m. "W. S. W. 
Frankfort. 

Melvin's Milis, sta., Merrimac co., 2^. Uajnp. : on Ihe 
line of the Concord and Clarcmont E. E., 23 m. W. from 
Concord. 

Melvin Tillage, p. o., Carroll eo., 2^. Ilavtp. : 39 m. 
N. E. Concord. 

Mfmi'ihs, p. v., Pickens co., Ala.: on the "W. side of 
Tombigbee r., 126 m. W. N. "W. Moutgomerj-. 

Memimhs, sta., Clark co., Ltd.: on the line of the Jeffer- 
sonville K. E., 15 m. N. Jefferson viUe, and 87 m. 8. by E. 
Indianapolis. I 

JIf.mpiiis, p. v.. and cap. Scotland co., Mb.: on North 
Fnbius r., 136 m. N. Jefferson City. pop. 13S. 

Memphis, p. v., and cap. Shelby co., Tenn. : on the E. 
bank of the Mississippi r., beautifully situated on the fourth 
Chickasaw bluff, just below the mouth of "Wolf r., 191 m. 
"W. S. W. Nashville. This spot was formerly the site of Fort 
Assumption, used for the purpose of protecting the country 
against the Chiekasaws. The bluff on which it stands is 
thirty feet above the highest floods, and its base is washed 
by the river for a dislance of 3 m., while a bed of sandstone, 
the only known stratum of rocks below the Ohio, juts into 
460 



the stream, and forms a convenient landing. From the 
mouth of the Ohio to Vicksburg, 050 m., it is the only site 
fbr a commercial mart on either side of the MisaissippL 
Some distance from t^ brow of the bluff, a handsome range 
of fine buildings extends for eevural squares. Every day 
gives atlditional e\idence of the increasing prosperity of 
this already prosperous city ; and although the commerce is 
great, yet the citizens do not -intend to rely on that alone. 
Manufactories will soon claim a pact in adding to her 
wealth. Preparations are making for building a boat yard 
on as extensive a scale as any in the west. The gentleman 
who opens the yard is said to be one of the most experienced 
boat builders in the Union. In addition to this, there is an 
extensive flour-mill just completed, capable of making 62,000 
barrels of flour annually; also a large cotton manufactory, 
employing a large number of operatives. There is a flue, 
well laid out navy yard situate here, with facilities to build 
the largest size vessels, at which a commander and usual 
complement of officers are stationed. It bids fair t^e one 
of the finest navy yards in the United States. The public 
spirit is such in Memphis, that it mil soon be one of the 
finest cities in the West. The Memphis and Charleston 
E. E. is now partially in operation, and other public works 
ace in contemplation. There are a large number of fine 
dwellings, stores, workshops, etc. The " Inquirer," daily 
and weekly (dem.), " Eagle,'' daily and weekly (whig), "Ap- 
peal," weekly and semi-weekly (dem.), "Express," daily 
and weekly (dem.), "Christian Advocate," weekly (Meth.), 
" Tlie Southerner," weekly (Indepen.), and " Daily Dime," 
daily (neut.), are the names of the newspapers published 
here. Pop. 8,839. \ 

Memphis, p. o., St. C^air co., Mich : 95 m. E. Lansing. 

Me-Hphresiagog lake, Vet'-m. This lake lies on the N. 
boundary, and the greater part witiiin Canada. It is be- 
tween 30 and 40 miles long, and from 2 to 3 wide — but 7 or 
S miles only is within the United States. It covers about 15 
sq. m. in Vermont, and receives Clyde, Barton, and Black 
rivers ; and its own waters are discharged through St. Francis 
r. into Lake St. Peter's, an expansion of St. Lawrence r. On 
an island 2 miles within the Canada lino is found a quarry 
of iiovaculate, known by the name of "Magog oil-stone," 
which is in high repute. 

Me^allen, t. and p. o., Adams eo., Penn. : 30 m. S. W. 
Ilarrisburg. Drained by Conewago cr. ami its brunches. 
Surface hilly, in some parts mounUiinons; soil fertile. Tho 
water-^ower is excellent. There are a large number of mills, 
some manufactories, and several stores in the t Benders- 
ville and Middlelown are names of villages. Pop. of t. 2,623. 

Menan islands, Jfe. Petit or Little Menon lies off the 
harbor of Steuben in the Atlantic, 8 m. S. S. E. Goulds- 
borough Harbor; and Grand Menan, a large island, lies off 
Passamaquoddy bay, and is within the British lines. There 
is a light-house on Petit Menan. {See Ligutuol'ses of tue 
United States). 

Menard county, lU. Situate "W. centrally, and contains 
307 sq. m. Drained by Sangamon r. and Salt cr. Surface 
undulating; soil hirgely prairie, a deep rich loam mixed 
with sami, and exceedingly fertile. Timber is found pleuli- 
fully in groves, and near the rivers. A superior funning co., 
raising heavy crops of com, wheat, oals, and potatoes, and 
exportii|g live-stock, wool, and pork. It has good mill 
streams, and considerable manufacluPes. Farms 70G ; 
manuf. 3S; dwell. 1,035, and pop.— wh. 6,323, fr. col. 21— 
toUil G.349. Capital: Petersburg. 

Menasua, p. v., Winnebago co., WiJtc. : on the N. shore 
of Winnebago Lake, 9G m. N. N. E. Madison. The U. S. 
land oflice for the Menasha district is at this village. 

Mendiiam. t. and p. v., Morris county, N. Jer. : 37 m. N. 
Trenton. Drained by Indian r. and the bead waters of 
Whippany r. Surface hilly, in the N. mountainous; soil 
fertile. There arc in the t several mills and manufactories, 
und a number of stores and workshops. The v. is situate 
on the Morristown postrroad, and contains a number of 



MEN 



MER 



dT\"eIIiDgrs and stores and several workshops. Population 
of IheL 1J20. 

Mendocino county, C<jUf. Situate N. "VT., and contains 
about 3.500 sq. m. Tlie Pacific forms its W., and Pai&3i:in r. 
DKJst of its K. boumlary. It bas few streams of any con- 
8i<lcral)le size, but all flow into Ihn Pacifle fruin the range of 
mountains which lies near its E. border. The surface is 
much broken by spurs of the coast range, which ertend 
nearly lo the ocean. The county is unorganized and little 
settled, the population being only 41G. 

MiiNDoN, p. o., Madisuu county, //(('.: 85 m. N. E. 
Indianapolis. 

Mendun, p. v., Adams county, III. : 85 m. "W. by N. 
Springfield. 

Mendon, t. and p. v., Worcester co., Mass. : 35 m. S. W. 
Boston. Drained by branches of Blackstone and Mill rivers. 
Surface variegated ; soil of good quality and well cultivated. 
The products of the dairy are large and valual>lc. It has 
excellent water-power. There are several mills and manu- 
factories of diEFeront kinds in the t,, and a large quantity of 
cotton and woolen is manufactured. First settled about 
1G47; incorporated, 1G67. The v. is situate on an elevation 
on E. side of Mill r., in S. E. part of t., and contains some 
fine houses, a number of stores, and several worltshops. 
Pop. of t. 1,3U1. 

Mendon, p. o., Lenawee county, Mich. : 65 m. S. by E. 
Lansing. 

Mendon, t. and p. v., Monroe co., If. Y.: 197 ra. W. by N. 
Albany. Drained by tributaries of Genesee r. Surface 
gently undulating ; soil fertile. There nre several mills and 
manufactories, besides stores, and a number of workshops 
in the t The v. is situate on Irondequoit cr. Was incorpo- 
rated in 1S33, and contains several dwellings, some stores, 
and workshops. North Mendon and West Mendon are also 
nanus of villages. Pop. of t. 3,353. 

BIbndon, p. o., Mercer co., Ohio: 103 m. W. N. W. 
Columbus. 

Mendon, t and p. o., Pntland co., Verm. : 44 m. S. by W. 
Monlpelier. Drained by branches of Ottf r cr. ; surface 
varied ; in the W. hilly, in the E. mnuntainons. Soil in the 
mountains good, but too far up for cultivation. Pop. of the 
L504. 

Mendota (or St. Peter's), v., Dacotab co., Minut Ter. : 
on the W. bank of the Mississippi, S. of the confluence of 
Minnesota r., 5 m. W. by N. St Paul. It has been occu- 
pied by the American Eur Company for several years as a 
depQt for their trading establishments among the Indians of 
the north-west. Two stores and a few houses constitute the 
Ullage. It is, however, a fine town site, and being situate 
at the junction of two great rivers, and near the head of 
steam navigation, its importance in a commercial point of 
view has not been ovcrlooketl. It is within the military 
reservation, and whites are not allowed to reside here with- 
out pprraission of the IT. 8. government. Pop. 122. 

Menelos. p. o., Madison co., St/.: S. E. Frankfort. 

Menomonee river, Mich. : rises in the country S. of Lake 
Superior, ami runs E. by S. about 100 m., and falls into Green 
Day. It forms the S. boundary of the upper peninsula, 
separating it from Minnesota. 

Menomonee Falls, p. o., Waukesha co., Wi^c. : 63 m. E. 
Madison. 

Mentbr, p. v., Sheboygan oo., Wise. : on a branch of 
Onion r., 87 m. N. E. by E. Madison. 

MiiNTon, t. and p. v.. Lake co., Ohio: 141 m. N. N. E. 
Columbus. Lake Erie makes its N. boundarj'. Drained 
by a stream flowing into the lake. Surface undulating; 
soil good, adapted to grain. There are some mills and 
manufactories in the t The v. is on the line of the Cleve- 
land and Eric R. U.. 23 m. N. E. Cleveland, and contains a 
number of stores and workshops. Pop. of t 1,571. 
, Mequon Eiver, p. o., Washington co., Wise. : on the W. 
side of Milwaukie r., S. of the confluence of Mequon r., 
74 m. E. bv N. Madison, 



Mekata, p. 0., Jeflferson co., Penn.: 12Sm. N. W. by W. 
Ilarrisburg. 

MKurER county, HI. Situate N.W., and contains 549 sq. m. 
Drained by Edward's, Pope's, and IIen<lerson'a rivers, flow- 
ing into the Mississippi, its W. boundary. Surlaco undulat- 
ing; soil fertile. A largo part of the co. is prairie, with 
excellent timber on rfhe streams, and near the Mississippi. 
Com and wheat are the staples, and pork a large export. 
Farms 517; manuf. ; dwell. 892, and pop.— wh. 5,244, free 
col. 2— total 5,246. Capita/: Millershurg. 

MEncEB county, JTi/. Situate E. centrally, ami contains 
24S sq. ra. Bounded N. E. by the Kentucky, E. by Dick's r.. 
and drained W. by heads of Salt r. Surface uneven; soil 
very productive. Com is the groat slaple. Wheat, rye, and 
oats yield largely, and the pastures are very superior. 
Live-stock, beef, wool, and pork, are large exports. It man- 
ufactures cotton and woolen goods, flour, iron castings, and 
leather. Farms 8S1; manuf 87; dwell. 1,762, and pop.— 
wh. 10,472, free col. 835, si. 3,260— total 14,067. Capital: 
Harrodsburg. 

Meroee county, Mo. Situate on N. line, and contains 
521 sq. m. Drained by E. and W. forks of Medicine cr.. 
Muddy cr., Weldon r., and Crooked Fork of Graud r* Sur- 
face somewhat uneven, with few hills; soil generally fertile, 
and adapted to grazing. Com, live-stock, and pork, are 
the principal products. The county is well timbered, and 
has abvmdant water-power. Farms 272; manuf 3; dwell. 
412, and pop.— wh. 2,671, free col. 6, slaves 14— t(jtal ii,C91. 
Capital.: Princeton. 

Mekcec county, K. Jer. Situate W. middle, and contains 
272 sq. m. Bounded E. by a branch of Rarilan r., and W. 
by the Delaware, and drained by small affluents of both. 
Surface mostly even ; soil very productive, and under high 
cultivation. Corn, wlieat, rye, buckwheat, oats, and pota- 
toes, are all fine crops. It has very superior gardens and 
orchards, and furnishes for the adjacent markets excellent 
vegetables and fruits, particularly apples and peaches. It 
has a large capital employed in manufactures of cotton and 
woolen goods, liquors, leather, earthen-ware, iron castings, 
and machinery, floiu-, cordage, paper, oil, and lund)er. 
Farms 1,051; manuf. 191; dwell. 4,024, and pop.— wh. 
25,987, free col. 1,999, si. 6— total 27,992. Capitnl : Trenton. 
Piihlic Works : Delaware and IlariLan Canal : New Jers(^ 
R. R.; Belvidere Delaw.aro K. R.; Trenton Branch R. R. ; 
Camden and Amboy R. K. 

Mercee county, Ohio. Situate on W. line, and contains 
451 sq. m. Drained by St. Mary's and Wabash rivers and 
their branches. Surface gently undulating, and soil Tumitly 
fertile. Com is the staple product. Wheat, oats, and pota- 
toes are snecessfully cultivated, and some live-stock and pork 
exjiorted. Farms 675; manuf. 0; dwell. 1,.'M2. ami pop.— 
wh. 7,401, free col. -Sll— total 7,712. Capital : Celina. 

Mercer county, Penn. Situate N. W., and contains 618 
sq. m. Drained by Shenango, Neshanoek, Pyraatuning, 
Deer, and Sandy creeks. Surface hilly an<l bfoken ; soil 
gotierally fertile, and better adapted to grass than grain. 
Wheat, corn, buckwheat, rye, oats, ami potatoes, are for the 
most part successful crops. Grazing dem.ands the chief at- 
tention, and the dairies are large and very fine. The amount 
of wool sheared is very large, and live-stock, beef, and pork, 
arc Tery heavy exports. It has abundance of water-power, 
bituminous coal, and iron ore, and is largely engaged in the 
manufacture of iron. Woolen goods, leather, and earthen- 
ware^ are also extensively made. Farms 2,989; manuf. 
150 ; dwell. 5,402, and pop.— wh. 33.881, free col. 291— total 
33,192. Capital : McTccr. P«i^w Ifc'/'i-.s; Beaver and Erie 
Canal. 

Mercer county, Vira. Situate S. W., and contains 5S3 
sq. m. New r. forms the E. boundary, and unites in the N. 
with the Greenbrier, to form the Great Kanawha, Blue 
Stone, and East rivers. Brush and Lick creeks drain tho 
CO. Surface elevated, with a mountain range on the W., 
and extensive valleys in the E. ; soil fertile in the lower 

461 



___^ AIER 

groumis, and generally best adapted to grazing. Com, oal3, 
and wlieat, jielii moderate crops. Farms 472; nianuf. 2; 
dweU. Goo, and pop.— wh. 4,01S, free col. 2T, si. 1"7— toUil 
4.222. Capitul: Tnnce 00. PuUic Works : Coyinjsioa 
and Ohio K. E. 

Mekcek, t. and p. v., Somerset co., Me. : 24 m. N. by W. 
Augusta. Drained by Sandy r. in the .N. W. comer, and a 
mill-p'jnd makes part of the S. boundary. Soil fertile, and 
adapted to grain. It contains some mills and manufactories. 
The V. is situate centrally on a small pond, and contains a 
number of dwellings, stores, and workshops. Pop. of t. 1,1S0. 
Mkp.cee. p. o., Mercer Co., Oh. : 10.3 m. W.N. W. Columbus. 
Mercf.ii, p. b., and c.-ip. Mercer co,, Penn. : on the N. side 
of Neshanock er., ISG m. W. N. W. Harrisburg, and near 
the proposed line (if the iUleghany Valley R. E. It enritaiiis 
th*e court-house and usual number of county buildings. It 
has a manufactory of copperas. There are 4 furnaces here ; 
a charcoal hot-blast furnace of 1,000 tons annual capacity, a 
raw bituminous coal hot-blast furnace of 1,500 tons capacity, 
and 2 steam-power chareo,!! cold-blast furnaces of acapacily 
each of 1,350 tons. There are a number of stores and seve- 
ral manufactories in the b. ; and here are published the 
"Western Press" (dem.), "Mercer County Whig". (whig), 
" Mercer County Luminary" (free soil), and "Free Presby- 
terian," all issued weekly. Pop. 1,014. 

MEECEESBtjEG, p. b., Franklin co., Penn.: on a branch 
of Conecocheague cr., SI m. S. W. by W. Ilarrisburg. In- 
corporated in 18.31. It is the seat of "Marshall College," 
founded in 1836, and had (in 1850) a president, 11 profes- 
sors, 94 alumni, and St students, with a library contain- 
ing 1,300 volumes. The German Eeformed Theo. School, 
commenced in 1825, and had (in 1S50) 2 professors, 18 stu- 
dents, and 121 alumni, with a library containing 6,000 
volumes, is also sitnate here. Pop. 1,222. 

MEiicn.\.xT"s BLurr, p. o., Darlington dist., S. Car. ; 53 m. 
E. S. E. Columbia. 

SlEKBonn, t. and p. v., Belaware Co., N.Y. : ih ra. S. W. 
Albany. Drained by branches of Susquehanna and Delaware 
rivers. Surface uneven, and somewhat broken; soil fer- 
tile. It has good water-power and several mills and manu- 
factories, also a number of workshops. The v. is situate on 
an elevation in S. W., and contains several dwellings and 
stores. Pop. of L ],6:U. 

*MEBEi>mi Bridge, sta., Belknap co., y. ITamp. : on the 
line of the Boston, Concord, and Montreal E. E., 44 m, from 
Concord, 

MEEEDrrii Centre, p, o., Belknap CO., y. /Tamp. : 25 ni. 
Warren, and 27 m. N. Concord. 

Meredith JUiiis, p. c, Fulton county, /«</. ; 85 m. N, 
Indianapolis. 

Meredith's Taveek, p. o,, Monongalia CO., Vlrff. : 203 m. 
N. W. Eiehmond. 

Meredith Village, p. v., Belknap co., K ITamp. : at 
the outlet of Winuipiseogee Lake, and on the line of the 
Boston, Concord, and Montreal E, E., 87 m. N. Concord. 

JIeredosla, p. v., Morgan co., lU.; on the E. bank Illi- 
nois r., 6 m. above Naples, and 49 m. W. Springfleld. The 
name is a corruption from Marais d'Ogee. The v. is situate 
on an elevat, d sand ridge, and has a good landing at onli- 
uary sUiges of the water. Here are several mills, stores, ami 
a considerable population, Meredosia may be considered- 
as the port of Jacksonville, and is the outlet of a Hue country. 
Meriden, t. and p. v., New Haven county, Crnin. : 17 m. 
R. W. Hartford. Drained by Quinnipiak r. and its branches. 
Surface uneven, in parts hilly; soil fertile. There arc .sev- 
eral manufactories here, principally in hard-ware. The v. 
is on a branch of Quinnipiak r., and on the line of the New 
Haven, Hartford, and Springfleld E, E., 18 m. from New 
Haven, and 44 m, from Springfleld, It contains several 
dwellings and stores, and a number of workshops. Pop. 
of t. 8,526. 

Meedien, p. o., Sullivan co., y. Jlamp. : 35 m. W. N. W. 
Concord. 

402 



MER 



Mkeidi.vx, p. o., Mercer county, JU.: 113 m. N. N. W. 
Springfield. 

Meeidus, p. o., Ca)-nga co., y. Y. : 151 m, W, by N. 
Albany. 

Meridian Speisos, p, v,; Hinds CO., Miss. : at the source 
of Bayou Chitto cr., 12 m. N. Jackson. 

Meeidiantille, jj. v., Madison county, Ala. : 166 m. N. 
Montgomery. The Meridian line of the U. S. sur\-eys of 
Northern Alabama passes through this place. 

MERn-iLLE, p. o., Montgomery co., Tenn. : 87 m. N. W. 
Nashville. ^ , 

Meemaid, p, o., New Castle co,, Del. : 25 m. N. Doven 
Meementau river, Za. This river drains the extensive 
prairies of S. W. L'misiana, and after a course of some 200 
m. falls into the Gulf of Mexico, 200 m. W. of the Missis- 
sippi r. The country through which it flows is covered with 
grass, excepting narrow lines of timber along the water- 
courses. Live oak is found on its borders. The r. passes 
through a lake of the same name; at its mouth it is very 
sho,al, not having more than three feet of water on the bar, 

Merom, p. v., Sullivan Co., Ind. : on the E. bank of the' 
Wabash r., 91 m. S. W. by W. Indianapolis. 

Meboxa, p. v., M-Henry co,. III. .- on the borders of a 
prairie. 150 m. N, E, Springfielil. 

Mheeell, p. o., Greene county, Ga.; 23 m, N by E 
Milledgeville. 
-Meeeick, p. o.. Queens co.. If. T. : 1.36 m. S. Albany. 
Mereili^ville, p. o., Franklin co., y. Y. : J2r m. N. iW. 
Albany. 
Meeeflltown, p, v,, Travis co., T&g. 
Meeeilivtlle, p. o.. Lake county, Iiui. : 139 m. N. W. 
Indianapolis. 

Meebimac county, K Hamp. Sttuato S. eentrallv, and 
contains S4T sq. m. Drained by the Merrimac r. and its 
branches— W. Blackwaler and Contoocook, and E. Soucook 
and Suncook rivers. Surface very uneven, in the N. rugged 
and mountainous: soil mostly fertile, and excellent pasture 
land. Corn, wheat, potatoes, and rye are the staples. It 
has very flne dairies, and shears an immense amount of 
w<x.l. Sunapee Lake lies in the W., and on the ifcrrimao 
it has almost unlimited water-power, most of which is occu- 
pied by large cotton and woolen factories, and numerous 
lumber, flour, and grist mills. It also manufactures leather, 
earthen-w.are, glass, paper, books, ete. In the E. is a quarry 
of granite, bigldy valued for building purposes. Farms 
3.220: manuf. 215: dwell. 7.400, and pop.— wh. 38,364, fr. 
col. 81— t.ital 88,445. rai>*rf; Concord, PiMic Woks: 
Portsmouth and Concord E. E. ; Contoocook Valley E. E. : 
Concord E, E. ; Concord and Claremont R. E. ; Coneofc 
and Montreal E. E,; Northern E, E. ; New Hampshire 
Central E. E. 

Merrimac river, .V, IIamp.m<\ Mafs.: one of the largest 
rivers of New England, It is formed by the union of Pcm- 
egewasset r., which rises near the Notch of the White Mount- 
ains, with Winnipiseogee r., which proceeds from the lake 
so called. The junction lakes place at Sanhornton. 70 miles 
below tlie source of the former, which is the m.aiii sireara. 
lis general course is S. by E. until it enters the Slate of Mas- 
sachusetts, when it curves to a general course of nearly 
N, E. and E., until it falls into the Atlantic, a litlle bel.iw 
Newburyport. \t is navigable for vessels of 200 Ions to 
Haverhill, and by nieiins of the Mid.llesex Canal from 
Chelmsford to Boston harbor, and canals and locks nroiuid 
the Falls, a boat navigation is opened to Concord, New 
Hampshire. Bow Canal, a few nules below Concord, com- 
pleted in Kn. cost $20,1100; six miles farther down, Hooksev 
Canal cost .Jlo.OOO, overcoming a fall of 17 feel : Amoskeag 
Canal cut $.50,000, overcoming a fall of 45 feet; below 
Amoskeag Canal the r„ for 9 m., is converted into the I'nlon 
Canal, overcoming six distinct -falls ; and 6 m. below arc 
Cromwell's Falls, made pa.ssable by a canal. Union Can^l, 
including that of Cromwell's, cost $50,000; 15 m. below, in 
Mas,S!ichuselLs, is Wecassee Canal, cost $14,000; and s'm. 



MER 



MIA 



below is the entrance of the Middlesex Canal. The r., by 
mqgns of these canals, furnishes an incredible amount of 
water-power, which has resulted in the establishment of the 
principal manufacturing towns of the Union along its course. 
It is bridged in almost every town along its banks. 

Mecrlman's Shop, p. o., Prince Edward co., Virg. : 59 m. 
S. W. Kichmoncl. 

MEnr.iTT's Bkidge, p. o., Lexington dist., S. Ctir. 

Mkkrittstow.v, p. v., Fayette co., Peiui. : on "VV. side of 
Dunlap's cr., 156 m. W. by S. Harrisburg. It contains a 
number of dwellings, stores, and a few workshops. 

Mekkittsville, p. v., Greenville dist., X Car.: on the 
K. f trie of Saluda r., loG m. N. W. Columbia. 

MEiiRurETiiEU county, Gn. Situate W. middle, and con- 
tains 476 sq. m. Bounded E. by Flint r., and drained by its 
branches, and W. by branches of the Chattahoochee. Sur- 
face pleasantly diversified; soil very fertile. Cotton is the 
great staple, and comraands almost exclusive attention. 
Com ami wheat jield more than average crops, ami neat 
cattle and swine are reared in large numbers. In the S. are 
white sulphur and warm springs. Farms 824; nianuf. 0; 
dweU. 1,423, and pop.— wh. S,4S1, fr. coL 2, si. 7,J)93— total 
16,476. Capital: Greenvilla 

Meehyall, p. 0., Bradford county, PeJin.: 113 m. N. 
Harrisburg. 

Merey Hill, p. v., Bertie co., iV'. Car. : 1U3 m. E. by N. 
Ealeigh. 

Mei:et MEirn>'a bay, ii'I Ilamp. ; a S. E. branch of Win- 
nipiseogee Lake, 1,000 rods long. 

Merry Meeting bay. Me. : an expansion of Kennebec 
r., at the confluence of Androscoggin r., above Bath. 

Mebey MouiJT, p. 0., 'Warren co., N. Car. ; 53 m. N. N. E. 
Ealeigh. 

Mebuy Oaks, p. v., Barren county, Ky. : 102 m. S. W. 
Frankfurt. 

Mi;i:ry Oaks, p. o., Hamilton co., Tenn.: 114 m. S. W. 
Nashville. 

Meesuon's Cross Eoaps, p. o., Laurel county, Ey. : 73 m. 
S. S. E. Franklbrt. 

Meeton, t and p. v., "Waukesha co., Wim. : 52 m. E. by N. 
Madison. Drained by several streams, aud contains several 
small lakes. Surface undulating; soil fertile. Thf^ v. is 
connected with Milwaukie by a plank-road. Pop. oft 1,763. 

Meewinsburg, p. o., Monroe co., Penn. : 97 m. K. E. 
Harrisburg. 

MisopoTAiitA, L and p. v., Trumbull co., OJdo: 143 m. 
N.E.Columbus. Drained by Grand r. and several afflu- 
ents Surface undulating; soil fertile. There are in the t 
a number of mills and workshops. Pop. 959. 

Messina. Springs, p. c, Onondaga co., N. Y.: 129 m. 
W. by N. Albany. 

Messongo, p. 0., Accomac co., Yirg. : 104 m. E. by N. 
Richmond. * 

Metamoea. p. v., "Woodford co., III.: 69 m. N. by E. 
SpringfiL-M. The v. is on the bonier of fine prairie land. 

Metamoea, p. o.. Franklin co., hid. : on the N, side of 
"White Water r., 53 m. E. 8. E. Indianapolis. 

Metamoea, t. and p. o,, Lapeer co.. Midi. : 67 m. E. by N. 
Lansing. Drained by furks of Flint r.. which have their 
sources in this L Surface undulating; soil fertile. It con- 
tains a few stores and mills. Pop, of t. *^21. 

Mztamora, p. v., Fulton co., 01m> : on S. side Ottowa r., 
1i9m. N. N. W. Columbus. 

Metamoea, p. o., Pike county, Penn.: 113 m. N. E. 
Harrisburg. 

Metea, p. v., Cass co., huh : 79 m. N. Indianapolis. 

Metelie'occk, p. v.. Ocean co., N. Jer. : on the S. side, 
and near the mouth of Metedecouck r., 33 m. S. by E. 
Trenton. 

Metucen, t and p. v., Essoi co., Mas/^. : on the N. bank 
of the Mcrriuiac r., which forms its S. boundary, 25 m. 
N. i W. Boston. Drained by Spigot r., which has a water- 
lall of from 30 to 85 feet, affording excellent hydraulic 



jtower. Surface uneven; soil fertile, yielding abundantly. 
There are a number of mills and manulactories in the L 
Wood is to be found here in abuntiance. There is also an 
extensive bed of excellent peat. The v. is romantically sit- 
uated on an eminence ou both sides of Spigot r., at the falls, 
aud on the line of the Manchester and Lawrence E. E.,24 
m. Manchester, and contains a number of st*>ivs, several mills 
and manufactories, aud sonie workshops. Pop. of t. 2,54;). 

Metomen, t. and p. o., Fond du Lac co., HV.sr. ; 52 lu, 
N. by 1'^. Madiaon. Drained by tributaries of Wisct-'Usiii r 
Pop. 756. 

Metompein, p. o. and isle, Accomac co., Vii-g. : on the 
Atlantic coast, 107 m. E. by N. Eiehniond, 

Metropolis City, p. v., aud cap. Massac co., IH.: on a 
high bank on the N. side ol the Ohio r., 194 m. S. S. E. 
Springfield. It contains the coiurt-house and usual number 
of public buildiuas, and 427 inhabitants. The '* Metropol- 
itan"' (dem.), and " Metropolis Register" (wliig), are weekly 
issues. 

Mets, p. o., Steuben county, Ind. : 143 m. N. N. E. 
Indianapolis. 

Metucuen, p. v., Middlesex co.. y. J- r. : on the line of 
the New York and Philadelphia E. E., 26 m. Jersey City, 
and 30 ra. N. E. Trenton. 

Mexico, p. v., Miami CO., In<l. : on tlie E. side of Eel r., 
73 ra. N. Indianapolis. 

Mesici*, p. o., Jefferson county, Ala. : 96 m. N. by "W. 
Montgomery. 

Mexico, t. and p. v., OxfcH-d co.. Me. : 35 m. "W. N. W. 
Augusta. Drained by Webb's branch <jn the E., Andros- 
coggin r. on the S. boundary, and by Swift brook on the 
W., near the mouth of which is the vilhige. Soil fertile, 
and adapted to wheat. Pop. 4S1. 

Mexico, p. v., aud cap. Audrain co.. Mo. : on the E. side 
of the S. fork of Salt r., 44 m. N. N. E. Jefferson City. It 
coniains the court-house. 

Mesico, t. and p. v., Oswego co., J^. Y. : 137 m. N. "W. 
Albany. Drained by Salmon cr., which fiows into Lake 
Ontario, and forms the N, boundary. Surface varied; soil 
clay loam, and very fertile. "Water-power is very good. 
There are in the t several mills and factories and a num- 
ber of workshops The v. is situate ou- Salmon cr., and 
is the site of a number of mills, etc. Colosse, Texas, and 
Union Square are names of other post-offices in the town. 
Pop. of t. 4.221. 

Mexico, p. v., "Wyandott co., 0?no : on the E. side of 
Sandusky r., 71 m. N. N. "W. Columbus. 

Mexico, p. v., Juniata co., Penn. : on the S. side of Juni- 
ata r., 83 m. N. "W. Harrisburg, and 44 m. from Harrisburg 
by the Pennsylvania E. R.. which passes through the village. 

Mexico, Gulf of: a great inland sea between the coasts of 
Mexico and the United States— that part within the United 
Slates washing the shores of Texas, Louisiana. Mississippi, 
Alabama, and Florida. It receives the Missi^^^ippi, the Kio 
Grande, and a number of other but smaller rivers from the 
central valley and the southern slope. 

Meyer's Mills, p. o., Somerset co., Penn. : 127 m. "W. 
Harrisburg. 

Mei-ep.stown, p. v., Lebanon co., Pmn.: on the head 
waters of Tulpehocken cr., 31 m. E. N. F. Harrisburg. The 
Union Canal passes the village. 

Mi,vMi county, Ind. Situate N. centrally, and contains 
376 sq. m. Drained by the Wabash and its branches. Eel 
.ind the Mississinewa rivers and Doer cr. Surface generally 
level, somewhat hilly on the Wabash. About one-half is 
prairie or bottoms, the rest well timbered, and the soil uni- 
versally fertile. Com is tlio leading staple, and pork a 
large export. Most of the grains succeed well, and the rais- 
in*^ of horses and stock reeeivps much attention. The 
county has good water-power, and largo and rapidly in- 
creasing manufactures of flour, lumber, iron callings, ma^ 
chinery. leath<*r, etc. Farms 1.1S4; nianuf. iS; dwell. 1.944, 
and pop.— wh. 11,293, fr. co!. ll#^total 11,304. Capital: 

463 



MIA 



MICH 



Pern. PuUic ^yo^■ks : Wuba^h and Erie Canal ; Peru and 
'Indianapolis R. R., with Ihe (Sbshen Extension. 

MiAxn county, Oldo. Situate W, middle, and contains 
414 sq, m. Drained by Miami r. and its branches, Papthcr, 
Greenville, and Stillwater creeks. Surface slightly uneven ; 
soil very productive, and well adapted to gnizing. Com, 
wlieat, rye, and oats are large staples. The dairies are ver>- 
fine, wool is sheared largely, and beef and pork are heavy 
exports. Water-power is plenty, and flour, leather, wool- 
ens, earthen-ware, and liquors are manufactured. Farms 
1,S,S2; manuf. 177; dwell. 4,391, and pop.— wh. ^4.393, fr. 
col. 598— tolal 24.996. CopiU/l: Troy. PuhlUi Works: 
Miami Canal; Columbus, Trbana, and Fiqua E. E. 

Miami, p. v., and cap. Dade co., J'lor. : on Key Biscayne 
Bay, 429 m. S. E. Tallahassee. Here is a flourishing v., 
with ample accommodation for invalids, and a climate un- 
surpassed for equable temperature and elasticity of the 
atmosphere. 

MiA-Mi, p. v.. Saline co.. Mo. : on the S. bank of the Mis- 
souri r., G3 m. N, V^. -Tefferson City. 

MiAiir, t. and p, o., Hamilton co., 07tio: on the N. bank 
of the Ohio r.. 103 m. S. W, Columbus. The t is bounded 
on the N. and "W. by the Miami r.. several small branches 
of which serve to drain it. Surface, a series of beautiful 
hills; soil very productive, and nnder high cultivation, with 
some excellent wood lands. There are some fine mill-sites 
on the banks of the rivers, and several manufactories 
have been established. North Bend and Cleves are names 
of places : the former is Ihe place originally laid out by 
Judge Symmes for the great ci^ of the West. All traces 
of a village have disappeared, and it ia now only noted as 
the former residence and grave of the lamented President 
Harrison, a short distance from which is also the grave of the 



lion. John Cleves Symmes. Tho latter is a beautiful and 
thriving village^ with about 800 inhabitants. The prop3led 
line of the St. Louia and Cincinnati E. R. crosses the S. part 
of the t Pop. l,.55r. 

Miami, p. v., Miami county, Ind. : on Deer cr., 5S m. N. 
Indianapolis. The contemplated line of the Peru and Ii> 
dianopolis R. K. passes through the village. 

Miami river, Ohio: a large tribuLiry of the Ohio r., which 
rises in IJardin county, and after a S. W. course of 100 m., 
enters the Ohio in the S. W. comer of the State. It is 200 
yards wide at its mouth ; the current is very rapid, but jt ia 
navigable only to a limited extent for 75 m., and its waters 
are connected with those of the Auglaize, a S. branch of Mau- 
mee r, by a portage of only 6 miles. It receives many im- 
portant branches, and affords extensive and valuable water- 
power, which has been improved at several points. 

MiAMiSBirEG, p. v., Montgomery co., Ohio: on the Miami. 
Canal, 53 m. N. Cincinnati, and on E. side of the Miami 
river, Tl m. W. by S. C-olumbus. The v. communicates 
with the Cincinnati, Hamilton, and Dayton E. E. by a 
bridge across the river, 24 m. N. by E. from Hamilton. It 
contains a number of fine stores and warehouses, some mills 
and factories, and about 160 dwellings. 

MiAMisviLLE, p. 0. and sta., Clermont co., Ohio: on the 
Une of the Little Miami E. E., 17 m. from Cincinnati, and 
SI m. S. "W. Cohimbus. 

MiAjiUS, p. o., Fairfield co., Ctmn. .* 45 m. S.W. Hartford. 

MiCANOPT, p. 0., Alachua co., Flor.* 119 m. E. S. E. 
Tallahassee, 

MiccostTKEE, p. T., Leon co., Flor. : on the W. border of 
Miccosukee Lake, 19 m. N. E. Tallahasse. 

Michaels viLi£. p. o., Harford co., Md. : 46 m. N. by E. 
Annapolis. 



THE STATE OF MICHIGAN. 

MicraGAN^, consisting of two peninsulas, lies between latitudes 41° 45' and 4S^ N., and between longitudes 82° 25' and 
90O S4' W. from Greeiiwieh, or 5^ 23' and 13^ 32' from "Washington. It is bounded* north, nortli-east, and east by 
Canada, from which it is separated by Lake Superior, the Sault St Marie, Lake Huron, the Strait and Lake St. Clair, De- 
troit Strait, and Lake Erie ; on the south by the States of Ohio and Indiana ; and on the west by Lake Michigan, which 
divides it from Illinois and Wisconsin, and the Monomonie and Montreal rivers, separating it from Minnesota Territory. 
The total land surface comprises an area of 56,243 square miles, and the area of the waters within the constitutional 
limits of the State is computed at 86,324 square miles. The lake coast of Michigan is more than 1,400 miles long. 

The location of the separate peninsulas determines their nomenclatiure. The Soiith^m, or Michigan Proper, is bounded 
on the south by Indiana and Ohio ; on the east by Lake Erie, Detroit Strait, the Lake and Strait St. Clair, and Lake 
Huron ; on the north by the Strait of Miohillmackinac, and on the west by Lake Michigan. In these limits are comprised 
nearly two-thirds the land surface of the State. The Korthem Peninsula extends frura the Montreal and Monomonia 
rivers to the St. Marie River, and has Lake Superior on the north and Lake Huron on the south of it. 

The surface of the 2^ortkey^ Peninsula is much diversified by mountains, hills, valleys, and plains. The eastern 
portion, from the head of the peninsula to the " Pictured Eocks," is represented as undulating, rising gradually from lakes 
Michigan and Superior to the interior, where it terminates in a more elevated table-land, with a shore on the north sandy, 
and on the south calcareous rock. "Westward the countr\* becomes broken into hills, with intervening plains, until it is 
interrupted by tlie Porcupine Mountains, which form the dividing ridge separating the waters of Lake Superior from those 
of Lake Michigan. The highest peaks toward the western boundar}' have been estimated at from 1,S00 to 2.000 feet high. 
The ridge is often broken through by the larger streams, bordered by extensive valleys. The spurs of these mountains 
project in different directions, often exhibiting their denuded cliffs upon the northern shores. This ridge has a greater 
proximity to the northern coast, which it lines with rock, from the Pictured Eocks to the western extremitj- of this penin- 
sula, except where inl»irrupted by occasional plains of sand. The structure of a part of the northern and eastern portion 
is of the primitive, and the southern of the secondary formation. Many parts exhibit little else than "developments of 
sublime scenery, and some portions appear like a dreary, descrt'^d sohtude, surrounded by all the frightful terrors incident 



* The bouniljiries of Michi^n, fw defined by an Act of Congress, pnsaeJ l.=>t]i Jane, 183fi, are as follows ; " Beginning at tlie point wliere a line 
ilmwn direct from tlie soutliern extremity of Lake Michigan to the raoit northerly cape (called Nortli Cape) of Maumee (Miami) Ray, intersecta 
the eaeleru Ijoundary line of tlie State of Indiana, and running tbenre with the sai J line to the said most northerly cape of the Maumee Bay,— and thence 
from the eaid north cape of tlie said Bay, north-east to the boundary line hetween the United States and the province of Upper Canada in Lake 
Erie.— ihf nee, with the siud boundary line between the United Slates and Canada, thmugh the Detroit Hirer, Lake Huron, and Lake Superior, to a 
point where the naid lino last touches Lake Superior" (being the mouth of Tigeon River),—" thence, in a direct line through Lake Superior, to the 
momli of (lie MontrealRiver,— thence, through the middle of th'finain channel of the said River .Montreal, to the middle of the Lake of the Desert, — 
tbenre, in adirert Kne to Ihenearest head water of Uie Mooomonie River,— thence, through the middle of that fork of the eaid river firjt touched 
by the said tine, to the main cliannel of the said Monomonie River. — thence, down the centre of the jnain channel of the same, to the centre of tho 
moat usual ship channel of llie Green Bay of Lake Michigan,— thence, through llie centre of the most usual ahip channel of the said bay, to tha 
middle of Lake Mifhig;in,— thence, through tlie middle of Lake Michigan, to the northern boundary of the State of Indiana, as that hne was 
vnt^ihliehed by the Act nf Congress of the nineteenth of April, eighteen hundred and sixteen.— thence, due east, with the north boundary line oftks 
said Stale cf Indiana, to the n(#th-east corner thereof,— and thence south, with tlie east boundary line ofludiana, to the place of beginning." 
4&4 



MICHIGAN. 



to such northern latitudes. The in'fater portion of the peninsula, (he sand phiins exc^^pted, is covered with immense 
forests, principally of whito and yellow pine, a portion of spruce, hemlock, birch, oalc, and aspen, with a mixture of maple, 
ash, aiid elm, especially upon the rivers. C tii'^ pine lands, there are millions nf acres stretching between the Sault St. 
Marie, the Ontonagon, and Montreal riv--rs. To convert this material ioto lumber, there are discharging into the lakes 
forty large and sixty smaller streams, ^'t'lc'i "^'"H furnish a hydraulic j>ower sufficient for all purposes. These streams, the 
largest of which does not exceed 1^' mil«?9i irrigate the country abundantly, and by their facilities for navigation, furnish 
easy access to the interior. The -^ead branches of the opposite lake-streams oaen interlock, and when they do not com- 
munioale, furnish an easy po^*''?^ ^^^^ ^^^ ^ ^^'^ other, by which navigation between the lakes is easily etTtcled 
with the lighter craft. The^*^'^ coast of this section of the State has been estimated at between seven hundr^Hl and 
ei"ht hund'red miles in ler^th,and that flve-seveaths of the entire peninsula may be reached by the common lake vessels. 
This peninsula (the northern part of which has sometimes been called the Sibena of Michigan), it is probable will never 
be noted for its agric^'^"'"'^' productions, or immediately for the density of its population. With the exception of the 
fertile intervals on ^^ rivers, the soil of the northern portion has all the evidences of sterility, as is exhibited in its 
mountains and b^ren sand plains. The southern part is more congenial in chmate and soil. This is the limestone 
region, which pttends to an undetermined Une, separating the primary and secondary formations. Throughout this 
re<'ion the sn^"* maple tree is abundant, interspersed with the white and red oak, the beech, and occasionally tracts of 
spruce and "'her forest trees. It is here that the more even and fertile tracts of land are found, and where, at some future 
day, will luster the agricultural population of the peninsula. The soil is admirably titled for grasses and all esculent 
roots ; *^^ potato also finds here a congenial locality, and the ordinary garden vegetables grow luxiu-ianlly. Wheat and 
oiher-'^ni^l grains may be cultivated, but for corn the country and climate appears to be uncongenial. The lake fisheries, 
on '■oth sides of the peninsula, are destined to be of no mean importance to the welfare of the settlers. In variety numer- 
o»s, and in the greatest abundance, the fisheries in these waters have long attracted the attention of those counting the 
resources of the section. The Indians formerly derived a considerable portion of their subsistence from this source, and 
/'from the first settlements of the French to the present day their value has always been asserted. But this peninsula is 
a,lso the great mineral region— not only of the State, but of the Union, and on that interest will its future prosperity 
mainly depend. Iron* and copper are fonud in all the wc'stern and northern parts, from the Pictured Koeks and 
the Kewcnaw Point to the Montreal liiver. the iron being chiefly a magnetic ore, equal in purity and quality to that 
of Missouri, and the copper, often in native boulders, more plentiful than elsewhere occurring. The pro<.luclion of 
these minerals, however, has hitherto been small, on account of the distance and inaccessible nature of the country ; but 
the lime has now arrived for the mines to be opened on an extensive scale, and such, indeed, has in a partial liegree been 
accomplished ; yet, until the difficulties opposing navigation to Lake Superior be overcome, the expense of transportation 
will be too great to admit of a full development of the wealth of this region. It has been proposed to form this peninsida 
Into the State of North Michigan, and thus separate it from Michigan Proper politically, as it now is physically separate. 
There are many reasons that would indicate the necessity of such a change. 

The Southern Peninsula has generally a level or rolling surface, and in some parts is broken and hilly. The eastern 
portion, for a distance varying from 5 to 25 miles from the shore, is almost a dead level ; but westward the land rises into 
an irrcj;ular ridge, in some parts of which it attains a height of from COO to 700 feet above the sea level. This ridge has a 
much preater proximity to the eastern than to the western margin, and serves to separate the tributaries discharging into 
Lake Michigan from those flowing into Huron, the Strait, and Erie. The portion of the southern part of the State denom- 
inated hilly, branches off from the principal ridge in different directions through the adjoining counties. The hills con- 
sist of an irregular assemblage of somewhat conical elevations, occasionally attaining a height of from 150 to 200 feet, but 
ordinarily of not more than from 30 to 40 feet. From the main portion of the table land passing westward to Lake 
Michigan, the country, with the exceptions noted, assumes a very gradual descent, exhibiting a gently undulating but very 
rarely broken surface. The ridge of land before spoken of, again takes its rise near the mouth of Au Sable river, and is 
seen from the lake to stretch on for many miles along and beyond the coast This constitutes the Highlands of Au Sable. 
Its height has not been ascertained, but it has hitherto been estimated to be much the highest part of the peninsula, A 
consir'.eral)le portion of it has generally been unfavorably represented, as being interspersed with sand ridges and marshes, 
having an abrupt descent from the highlands eastward, and a gradual slope toward the west. Taking the great extent 
of the lower peninsula into consideration, it may, in a comparative point of view, be said to possess a great evenness of 
surface, with a sufficient declivity, however, to allow its wafers to drain off in lively and healthy streams. Such are the 
general features of the interior. The coasts form an exception. The coast of both Michigan and Huron is sometimes 
exhibited in high, steep banks. The coast of the former is frequently seen in bluffs and banks (»f sand, varjing in height from 
100 to 300 feet. To the traveler, the country presents an appearance eminently picturesque and delightful. Through a 
considerable portion the surface is so even and free fmm brush, as to admit of carriages being driven through it, with the 
same facility as over the prairie or common road. The lowering forest and grove, the luxuriant prairie, the crystal lake 
and limpid rivulet, are so frequently and happily blended t^igether, especially in the southern section of the peninsula, as 



* Tlie ITnitetJ -"■"tates Genlogrsts thus spenk of the iron nf tlie Lake Snperior Lund District in the N'orthern Peninsula "f Uitlngftn, in their report 
for 1R51. In desi^nnling tlie l.-inil0 cnntnining iron "■ * * * i\,q beih nre found on a scale of such magnitude, .ind the ore is of tudi purity, 
thut it requires little eeart-h to discover lliem, and little caution in pronouncing on their value. This iron region i", perhaps, the most v.iluable and 
oxtenoivf in tlie world, tor the manufacturing of the finer varieties of wrought iron and steel. When we consider the immense extent of the district, 
Hie mountain masses of ore, its purity and adaptation to the raamifacture of the most valuable kinds ol iron, and Uie immerwe forests which cover 
tlie surface, suiUible for charcoal, this district m-iy be pronounced unrivaled. * * • * The iron occurs in n m»?tamorphtc formation, bounded 
hy two grinile belts, one on the north, and the other on the south, and it is prolonged westerly beyond the Machiganifr River. This formation consists 
of hornblende, talrose, and chlorite slates, with a-^sociiited beds of hornblende and feMspar rocks, evidently trappean in their origin, 'the ore 
consi-tts mainly of the specular or peroxide of iron, with an admixture of the fine grained magnetic. In some instances, the whole ridge or knob appears 
toeotuuto/ one jnasi of pure art— so pure tliat no selection is required, but an unlimited quantity mi;;ht be quarried, or picked up in loose blxclcs 
Rfound the slopes. In others the ore is mixed with seams of quartz or jasper which renders it less valuable, and requires more care in the eele<iion. 
'flie iron, in such cases, presents a banded structure, or .aUernatins seams of steel grpy and brilliant red. Tlie appearance of a mountain cliff thus 
made up is exlraordinarj'. This region possesses an inexhaustible supply of iron ore, of the best quality, removed from twelve to thirty railes from 
the laie shore, with a auil by no means sterile, and covered with a heavy growth of maple, yellow birch, pine, and oaX— and that it u to thu source that 
the great West wilt ultimately look for the finer varietkrof bar iron and fleet. The " Iron Mountsin" of Missouri becomes insignificant compared 
with these immense deposits. TJii* region a1?o contnins extensive beds of marble. Flesh red is the prevailing tint, wiih Tcina of a deeper hue. The 
Kovaculile slates are valuable, affording hones equal to the Turkey or Scotch stones 

SO 466 



MICHIGAN. 



10 confer additional charms to the high finishtag of a landscape, the beaoly of which is probably second to that of no 
other part of the Union. , 

The geological stl^ture of Micliigan is oxtrcmcly various. The Soutu<!m Peninsula is exclusively secondary in its 
formation. The Northern Peninsula, borderijg on Lake Superior, is printtive, but tlie portions bordering on Lake 
Michigan and Green Bay secondary. Primitive boulders, or "lost rocks," are discoverable in every part of the Slate, i 
esiKcially npon Ihe coasts, and upon the margin or in the beds of the rivers. Thet,, are found of enormous dimensions i 
on the coast of Huron, especially nurlh of Saginaw Bay. Here granite masses exist, w.ighing from 1 to 100 tons, or even 
more. Michigan bears evident ra.irks of once having been partially or entirely inundu^ it is skirted by a belt of 
heavily timbered land, about 25 miles deep, surrounding the entire lake coast, which lies se-eral feet below the adjoining 
plains .and openings, and sesjis to have been the bed of the lakes long afler the waters i.ceded from the plains and 
burst their barriers through the Gulf of St. Lawrence. The Soulhern Peninsula is of the sam. geological formation as 
Western New York, its rocks consisting of mostly horizontal strata of limestones, sandstones, ^int shales; the liraeslones 
being generally found in the beds of the rivers, near the lakes, and the sandslones in the interior. 'He soil covering these 
shales is either alluvial or diluvial, and has a deplh var>'ing from 1 to 150 feeL The upper sandstone ^ecupies the central 
and more elevated portions of the peninsula, and discxivers itself orten imjiediately under the surfae. of the soil. Its 
thickness and general inclination are uncertain. Quarries of this stone have been i3t)ened in numerous i»calilies on and 
south of Grand Kiver. It generally admits of being easily quarried, furnishing a good buiUing material, ani-is frequently 
used for grindstones. The stratum underlying the sandstone is a gray-colored limestone. It has been tracei from the 
rapids of the Maumee, in Ohio, to Charily Islands of Saginaw Bay, and b.T3 been noticed at the river Itaisin, t^ be^ of 
which it forms at several places, at Stony Point,*and other points along the coast of Lake Erie, and in numeroio other 
places. Associated with this rock is found calcareous spar, stronlian, barytes, g>'psum, etc., varying with locality. The 
limestone of Michigan is for the most part of a subgranular structure, quite compact, and well adapted to agricultur.il pij. 
poses, and though at many points it is capable of producing a valuable lime upon burning, it is not unfrequenlly lo» 
silicious to answer that purpose. Below the gray limestone formation the graywacke, or lower sandstone, stratum is sup. 
posed to exist This is noticed on the Lake Huron shore, on the SI. Mary's Strait, at the Pictured Rocks, and at various 
other points in the upper peninsula. Gypsum is found in several places ; and in all those localities where the superior 
stratum, or carboniferous limestone formation exists, there arc indications of the existence of bituminous coal. Marl is 
abundant; it is composed of deposits of recent shells, and when submitted to Ihe process of calcination, it has been found 
to produce lime of a superior quality. It is hkewise an excellent manure for lands when judiciously applied. Deposito 
of marly clay are quite common. A fine bed occurs in the county of Macomb, near the middle branch of Clinton P,iver, 
and it exists also near Ann Arbor, where potter}' is manufactured from it with success. The sand comprising the downs 
that border Lake Michigan shore is said to be of a quality in some instances fitted for the manufacture of glass. The best 
bed of sand for this purpose, however, occurs near Monroe ; it is composed of small, snowy white, angular grains of pure 
quart2, which has proceeded ft-ora the disintegration of a silicious lime rock. 

In the upper peninsula the great mineral region lies in the primitive formation ; here are the most stupendous copper 
and iron deposits in the world, containing a sufficiency of minenal to supply the markets for many centuries. Of the iron 
mention has been made heretofore. The great copper region is principally confined to the Kewenaw peninsula. 
The extreme length of the deposit is about 135 milCs, and it has a width varying from 1 to 6 miles. The mineral, how- 
ever, does not exist in every portion of this region, for miles may inter\'ene and no trace be ascertained. In some of the 
river beds immense boulders of native copper are met with. These mines are now being actively wrought, and ara in 
general proving remunerating to the companies working them, but until the navigation of Lake Superior is opened to 
shipping, the expenses of transportation to market will prove a formidable obstacle to Ihe full development of the capaci- 
ties of the mines. Salt springs are also known to exist in different parts of the State. The saline district lies mostly 
north of a linedrawn froih Monroe to Grandville. Medicinal waters, mostly chalybeate, and sulphur springs, also occur in 
numerous localities, and are useful in cutaneous and chn)nic disorders generally. One near Havre is 35 feet deep and 150 
feet in circum/erence, and produces a volume of water sufficient to propel a run of stones. 

The rivers of Michigan are in general comparatively smaller but more numerous, having in the lower peninsula'a 
greater length from their mouths to where they head, than is commonly observed in most other sections of the Union. 
This latter circumstance may, perhaps, be attributed not only to the uniformity of descent, but to the more favorable struc- 
ture of Uie interior to furnish them constant supplies. The Detroit, St. Clair, and St, Mary's are more properly called 
straits and not rivers. They are Iranquil, deep, copious, and expansive streams, uniting tJie great lakes, the waters of 
which they conduct toward the ocean. The largest rivers of the lower peninsula are the Grand, Maskegon, St. Joseph, 
and Kalamazoo, which flow into Lake Michigan ; the Cheboygan and Thunder Bay rivers, that discharge into Lake 
Huron, and the Saginaw into Saginaw Bay. The streams flowing eastward are small, owing to the position of Ihe dividing 
ridge, which is considerably east of the middle of the peninsula; the largest are the liaisin, Huron, Clinton, and Kougc. 
The largest rivers of the upper peninsida are the Jlontreal, the Great Iron, the Ontonagon, the Huron, the St. John's, and 
the Chocolate, which put into Lake Superior; and the Menoinonie and Manistee, which flow, the former into Green Bay, 
and the latter into Lake Michigan. There arc several other considerable streams, though of a smaller grade, and these, 
with few exceptions, arc Uvely, pure, and healthy, supplying mill-power, and draining the fine agricultural lands through 
wbioii tlicy course. 

Michigan is encompassed by five Likcft, four of which are the largest collections of fresh water on the globe. Tlicsc aro 
Lake Superior, isake Michigan, Lake Huron, Lake St. Clair, and Lake Eric, which are connected by the Straits of Detroit, 
SU Clair, Michiliniackinae, and Su Mary. Of these immense Mediterranean waters. Lake Superior is by fur the largest. 
It lies directly north of the upper peninsula, and tiie greater part of its soulhern coast is bordered by it. Lakf MicMgnn 
is Ihe second in size. It is a long n.arrow lake, stretching a little norlli-eastw ardly between the lower peninsula ami the 
Slides of Wisconsin and Illinois. The northern part, together with Ihe alrails, separate the two peninsulas from each 
other. Lake I/uron is next in dimensions, and is situate on Ibe north-eastern border of Lower Michigan, separating it 
from Canada West. The shape of this lake is exiremely irregular; its principal indentations arc Saginaw Bay, which 
extends do-wn into the interior, and two others, one immediately north of Mauito islands, and the other south-east of them. 
The latter, sometimes called the Mauito Bay or Georgian Lake, is very large, estimated at one-fourth of Lake Huron. It 
empties through the Strait St. Clair, into St. Clair Lake, the smallest of the five bordering on Michigan, and Ibis again 
discharges itself through Detroit Strait into Lake Ki-ie. More than 30 ihiles of this latter borders Michigan, and opens 
to the State a free navigation to the principal ports along its coasls, Buffalo, Dunkirk, Eiie, Sandnsky, etc. Nor is this 
466 



-M 



../ 



MICHIGAN. 



SUit*; mercly.surrounde(l by lakes, but the interior is interspersed witli tliem from one border to the other. The country 

indeed is literally maeuJated witli small laJlcs of every form and size, from an area of 1 to 1,000 acres, though, as a 

general rule, they do not perhaps average 500 acres in extent They are sometimes so frequent that several of tliem may 

toe seen from the same position. They are usually very deep, with gravelly bottoms, waters transparent, and of a oool 

temperature at all seasons. This latter fact is supposed to he in consequence of springs which furnish them constant 

] Applies. Water fowl of various sorts inhabit their shores, and their depths are the domain of abundance of fish, trout, 

y bass, pike, pickerel, dace, perch, cat-flsh, sucker, bull-head, etc., which often grow to an extraordinary size. It is usual to 

find some creek or rivulet originating in these, but what is a singular fact, and not easily accounted for, many of these 

bodies of living water have no perceptible outlet, and yet are stored with fish. A lake of this description, with its rich 

stores of fish and game, forms no unenviable appendage to a farm, and is properly appreciated. But with all its length of 

lake coast, Michigan can boast of but few good harbors, yet there are several that afford excellent shelter from the stoma 

Iliat frequently sweep over these great inland seas, and hash them into turmoil. •' 

Michigan is divided into *3 counties, the general statistics of which and the capitals of each, in 1850, were as follows : 



Ciiunties. Dwelt. 

Allegan 997'^ 

Barry 1,087. 

Berrien 2,126. 

Branch 2,300. 

Calhoun '. .SAS9- .19,163. .1,724. . 

Cn-ss ?. . .1,914. .10,907. . 950. . 

Chippewa 1S7. . 89S.. 17.. 

Clinton 946.. 5,102.. C14.. 

Katon 1,328.. 7,053.. 746.. 

Genesee 2,257. .12,031. .1,255. . 

Hillsdale 2,965. .16,159. .1,411. . 

Houghton 116.. 703.. IS.. 



. 5,125.. 270.. 86.. Allegan 
. 5,072.. 783.. 36.. Hastings 
.11,417.. 690.. 64.. Berrien Spring 
.13,472.. 1,442.. 53 .. Cold Water 
61.. Marshall 



Huron 

Ingham 

Ionia 

Jackson 

Kalamazoo. 

Kent 

Lapeer. 



... 52. 

...1,533. 

...1,367. 
..3,540. 

...2,337. 
....2,251. 
....1,236. 
....4,S93. 



. 210.. 13. 
, 8,631.. 991., 
7,597.. 601.. 
lO,*}!.. 2,850.. 
,13,179.. 1,098., 
.12,016.. 849. 
. 7,029.. 62S. 
.26,372. .2,470. 



. CassopoIiS 
Ste. Marie 
.De Wilt 
.Charlotte 
.Flint 
.Hillsdale 
.Eagle Kiver 



Lenawee . 

Livingston 2.363. .13,4S5. .1,644 

Macomb 2,666. .15,530. .1,277 



Mason 

Ionia 
95.. Jackson 
51..Kalam.tzoo 
67.. Grand Eapids 
45. .Lapeer 
.56. .Adrian 
40.. Howell ' 

65. .Mount Clemens 



Dwell. 



^534. 



Pop. 

136.. 
3,59.3.. 



FurniB Manut. 
in colt. Estab. 





93. 
65., 
S91. 



0.. 
13.. 

0.. 
4.. 
26.. 



Capitals. 

Marquette 
Mackinac 



5. 

0. 

6. 
45 
12.. 



Greenville 
Monroe 



Cimnlies. 

Ma'rquette 13.. 

Michilimackinac & 
21 other counties 

Mason 12.. 

Midland 10.. 

Monleahn 164.. 

Monroe 2,544. .14,698. .1,277 

Newago 92.. 610.. 

Oakland 5,699. .31,270. .8,446. .146. .Pontiac 

Oceana 68.. 300.. 0.. 2.. — 

Ontonagon 46.. 839.. 

Ottawa 1,129.. 5,587.. 

2,609.. 

2,112.. 

10,420.. 

.12,725.. 

16.. 

5,230.. 

291.. 



Saginaw 473. 

Sanilac 872. 

SL Clair 1,316. 

St. Joseph's 2,801 

Schoolcraft 5 

Shiawassee 972. 

Tuscola 65. 

Van Buren 1,053. 

W.ashtenaw 6,142 

Wavne 7,063 



0.. 0. 

273.. 36. 

73.. 14, 

61.. 27. 

493.. 68. 

1,879.. 62 

0.. 0.. — 
640.. 48..Corunna 
18.. 0.. — 



Ontonagon 
Grand Haven 
.Saginaw City 
Lexington 
St. Clair 
.Centrevilla 



. 6,800.. 459.. 18. .Paw Paw 
.38.667. .3,543. .154. .Ann Arbor 
.42,756. .1,635. .244. .Detroit 



The whole number of dwellings in the Slate was. at the above date, 71,616 ; of families, 72,611 ; and of inhabitants, 
397,054 : viz., whites 395,097— males 205,471, and fem.ales 186,626 : free colored, 2.5.'i7— males 1,412, and females 1,14.1. Of 
the whole population there were, dm/ and ihimb—v,-h. 121, fr. col. 1— total 122; lUnd—vih. 122, fr. col. 0— total 122; 
in.sinf—v\i. 135, fr. col. 1— total 136. and jWW^f— wh. 137, fr. col. 3— total 190. The number of free persons born in the 
United States was 341,691, the number of foreign birth 54,352, and of birth unknown 1,211 ; natiue population originated 
as follows; Me. 1,117, N. Hamp. 2,744, Verm. 11,113, Mass. 3,167, U. 1. 1,081, Conn. 6,731, N. T. 183,756, N. .1,^6,672, Penn. 
9,431, Del. 868, Md. 537, Disl. of Col. 45, Virg. 1,504, N. Car. 812. S. Car. 81, Ga. 63, Flor. 12, Ala. 19, Miss. 34, La. 30, 
Tex. 4, Ark. 25, Tenn. 101, Ky. 402, Oh. 14,677, Michigan. 140,648, Ind. 2,003, 111. 496, Mo. 92, la. 59, Wise. 8.33, Calif. 3, 
Territories 36; and the foreign population was composed of persons, from— England 10,630, Ireland 13,430, Scotland 
3,301, Wales 127, Germany 10,070, France 945, Spain 10, Portugal 2, Belgium 112, ItoUaud 2,.342, Turkey 2, Italy 13, 
Austria 21, Switzerland 118, Faissia 75, Denmark 13, Norway 110, Sweden 10, Prussia 190, Sanlinia 2, Greece 1, China 1, 
Asia 0, Africa 3, British .\merica 14,008, Mexico 4, Central America 0, South America 5, West Indies 84, Sandwich 
Islands 2, and other countries 66. 

The following table will show the decennial progress of the population since the first census of the State taken by the 
United States authorities : 





White 

I'er..ms. 




Cnlored Persons. 




T.itfil 


riecennifll Increase. 


Tears. 


Free. 


Sl,ixe. 


T..Iiil. 


Po|,«l»t„m. 


Numerical, Per ceat. 


1810 .... 


.... 4,618.... 


.... 120 


24 


1+4 ... 


.... 4,762 . . . 


— — 


1820 .... 


.... 8.591.... 


. . . . 805 


— 


Sn5 .... 


.... 3,s;i6... 


.... 4,134 S6.3 


1S30 .... 


. . . . 31.346 .... 


.... 261 


82 


293 


.... 31.039 ... 


.... 22.74:3 235.6 


1S40 .... 


.... 211..360 .... 


.... 707 


— 


707 ... 


.... 212,267 ... 


.... 1S0,623 670.9 


1850 .... 


. . . . 895,097 .... 


....2,557 


— 


2,,5.37 ... 


.... 397,654 . . . 


....135,387 ^73 



The statistics of the wealth, production, manufactures, and institutions of Michigan, as exhibited by the census of 1350, 
and other official returns referring to the same period, are as follows ; 

OetMpitd Lands, <*;.— Improved lands 1,929,110 acres, and unimproved lands 2,4.54,780 acres^v.alued m cash at 
$51,872,446. The whole number of farms 34.089. Value of farming implements and machinery. $2,890,371. 

i(W-5to<*.— Horses, 58,506; asses and mules, 70; milch cows. 99.676; working oxen, 55.350: other cattle, 119,471; 
sheep, 746,4.35; and swine. 203,847— valued in the aggregate at $8,008,734. The returns of 1340 exuibited the live-stock 
in the State as follows: horses, mules, etc., 80,144; neat cattle of all descriptions, 185,190; sheep, 99,619; and swine, 
296.S90. 

Proditda o/^nimafe.— W.xil. 2,043 283 (in 1S40, 133.3751 pounds : butter, 7.065.373 pounds; choree, 1.011,492 pounds; 
and value of animals slaughtered during the year, $1,323,327. Silk cocoons were produced to the amount of 8 (.in 
1840, 266) pounds ; and beeswax and honey to that of 3,19,232 pounds. 

Grain Trnps.- Wheat, 4.925,339 bushels; rye. 10.3.S71 bn,»hels; Indian com, 6,641,420 bushels; Oats, 2,866,056 bushels; 
oarlev. 75,249 bushels ; and buckwheat, 472,917 bushels. The crops of the same cereals, in 1840, Were : wheat, 2,157,108 

467 



MICHIGAN. 



bushels: Indian corn, 2,277,039 bushels; oals, 2,114,061 bushels; rj-e, 84,236 bushels; barley,^127,802 bushels; and bnck- 
wheal, 113,692 bushels. » 

(Wwr Food Crops.— Teas and beans, 74,254 bushels ; and potatoes— Irish, 2,859,897 bushels, and sweet, 1,177 bushels. 
The potato crop of 1840 amounted to 2,109,205 bushels. 

MiKcellanemit 0-o;)s.— Tobacco, 1,245 pounds ; hay, 404,934 tons ; clover-seed, 16.9S9 bushels ; other grass-seed, 9,73B 
bushels ; hops, 10,663 (in lP4n. 11.881) pounds ; hemp— dew-rotted 166 tons, and water-rotled 87 tons ; flax, 6,994 pimnda 
(crop of hemp and flax in 1540, 756i tons) : flax-seed, 1,421 bushels ; maple sugar, S,43',9S7 pounds ; molasses, 19,823 gal- 
lons ; wine, 1,654 gallons, etc. The value of orchard products was 1132.650, and of market-garden producU 114,733. 

nmne-iuacle Maim/aetum for the year 1849-50 were produced to the value of $1,328,33?. In-lS39-40 the same de- 
scription of products were valued at $113,955. 

J/i/n«/«c(ur<w.— Aggregate capital invested, $5,965,551 ; value of raw material, fuel, etc., consumed, $0,000,000: aver- 
age number of hands employed 8,686— males S,3S4, and females 802 ; average mAnlhly cost of labor $000,000— male 
$000,000, and female $0,000 ; total value of products for the year ending 1st June, 1850, $10,111,4SS. The whole number 
of manufacturing establishments in tlie State producing to the value of $500 and upward annually, at the atjove date, Waa 
1,979, distributed among the several counties, as shown in the general table, and of these 15 were woolen factories, 64 iron 
factories — 63 for castings, and 1 for pig iron, and 60 tanneries. 

The 7COOU71 manufactures employed a capital of $94,000, consumed annually 162,250 pounds of wool, valued at $4.3,402, 
employed 78 males and 51 males, at a monthly cost— for male labor, $1,689, and for female labor, $6S5, and produced 
141,570 yards of cloth, valued at $90,242. 

'^he foundries manufacturing castings employed a capital of $195,450 : used 2,494 tons pig metal, 901 tong mineral coal, 
and 16,200 bushels coke and charcoal, valued at $91,865 : employed 837 hands at average wages amounting to $28 63 to 
each hand, and produced 2,070 tons of castings and other products, valued in the aggregate at $279,697. The capital em- 
ployed in making /)(V ironvus $15,000, and the quantity maimfaetured was 660 tons, valued at $21,000. 

In the tamwries, the invested capital amounted to $236,000; value of raw material used, $203,450; hands employedi 
265 ; monthly cost of labor, $6,782 ; skins 28,600, and sides 144.730 tanned ; value of both $363,930. 

There are 198 ^fio2trinff-miHs in this Slate — ISO water and IS steam, using a capital of $1,746,050, and making annually 
7S4.6S4 barrels of flour,valued at $3.0.31 ,976 ; and the number of sau-mUU is 485 — 351 water and 134 steam, using a capital of 
$1,688,186, and producing annually 301,157.186 feetsawed lumber, valued at $2,221,798. There are 24 copper-mining com- 
panies in the upper peninsula, employing 7u6 hands and a capital of $614,360; copper raised, 1,507 tons, valued at $336,960. 

Foreign Cojnmerce. — The total vaJue of the exports from Michigan to foreign countries during the year ending .30th 
Jane, 1350, was $132,045, of which $57,232 was the value of products carried in American bottoms, and $74,313 iu foreign 
bottoms ; and the total value of imports was $144,102, all of which were brought in American bottoms. 

The shipping employed in the carrying trade was 56,963 tons inward, and 54,701 tons outward — in detail as follows : 



INWARD. 

Nationality. ;Sliips. Tonnage. Crews. 

American 97 7,254 699 

Foreign 394 49.709 3,944 



Tot£il 491 



56,963 



4,648 



OtITWAED. 
Nationality. SLips. 

American 112 ... 

Foreign 890 ... 



Tonnajie. Crews. 

7,932 720 

46,719 3,903 



Total . 



.502 



54,701 



4,628 



Tear. 


Ejtporta. 


Imports, 


1S2S 


.. $- .. 


$8,440 


1829 


— 


2,957 


1830 


... 1,538 ... 


21,815 


1831 


— ... 


— 


ia32 


9,234 ... 


22,64.3 


1833 


9.054 . . 


6-3,876 


1S34 


.. 86,021 ... 


. 106.202 


1885 


.. M,8.30 ... 


. 130,629 



Imports. 


Tear. 


Ejpnrta- 


Imports. 


$602,259 


1344.... 


... $ _ .. 


. $19,379 


— 


1846 


.... 251,220 .. 


41.952 


256,662 


1846 


251,390 


154,923 
87,603 




1*47 


.... 93,795 .. 


188,610 


1348 


.... 111.6.35 .. 


. 115,760 


137,300 


1349 


.... 1.32,351 .. 


98,141 


80,784 


1350 


.... 132,045 .. 


. 144,102 


76,370 









Of the aggregate shipping inward, 54.130 tons entered in Detroit district, and 2,S:33 Ions in that of Michilimackinnc ; and . 
of the aggregate outward, 5'i,554 tons cleared frt>m Detroit, and 2,14T Tnmi Miehilimackiuac districts. The shipping owned 
in the two districts amounts to 3^,144 tons, all of the class enrolled and licensed, and of which 1S,015 tons are navigated 
by steam-power. In the Detroit district 14 vessels — 5 schooners. 6 sloops, and 3 steamers — of an aggregate burden of 2,062 
tons, were built during the year above referred to. The greater portion of the external commerce of Michigan is with 
the adjoining British provinces. The following table exhibits the movements of the foreign commerce of the State for a 
series of years : 

y*?ar. Exports. 

1S36 $61.2S1 

1S3T 69,790 , 

1839 125.660 

1S39 — 

1S40 162,229 , 

1S41 &S,529 , 

lSi2 262.229 , 

1S43 262,994 . 

Zake Commerce.— Th\s department of commerce in Michigan is large, and yearly increasing. Twenty years ago it 
ha4 no existence, and even ten years ago it was of very trifling importance compared with its present extent Of the 
commercial movements on Lake Superior, no statistics have been published, but it is well understood that all the firo- 
duets of the country bordering on it, from their very nature being mineral, must seek a distant market, and that the great 
bulk of necessaries of life must be carried to the miners — thus creating a large commerce, and that an increasing one. A 
navigable canal, 5,267 feet long, around the Sault Ste. Marie, is about to be constructed, and hence the commerce on Lako 
Superior will be at once established on a sure and lasting basis. On Lake Hm-on the exports from the two districts of 
Sault Ste. Marie and Michiliraackinac in 1S50-51 amounted to $553,61S. and the imports to $294,584 ; on the lake and river 
St. Clair, from the districts of Algonac, St. Clair, Trenton, and Mount Clemens, the exports in the same year amounted to 
$4*^3,660, and the imports to $155,S63 ; and on Lake Michigan, from district of St. Joseph's, the exports were valued at 
?543.S94, and the imports at $672,S92— making a total of exports by lake valued at $1,5S1.1T2, and of imports valued at 
$1,823,299. The above figures embrace the total imports and exports on Lake Huron, and also on the river and Lake St. 
Clair, so far as domestic commerce is concemetl ; the total cnmnn-rce on Lake Michigan, inclusive of that of St Joseph's 
above, was in the same year — exports $3,836,108, and import* ^15,4^4.72S, or a total value of exports and imports amount- 
ing to $24,320,836, of which $39S,n,S-'J belonged to Indiana, $ll,9i)3.777 to Illinois, and the remainder to Wisconsin. 

Internal Cominunicotion. — Michigan has two transverse railroads — one extending from Detroit, via New Buffalo, to 
463 



MICHIGAN. 



;: Z, .. ^. ,t„„roe ria While Pigeon and the Imliana Northern Eailroad, to the same 

Chicago, and tite other ^J.f^f "^-^i^^^r;,;':!!.. runntng eastand west connecting the northern Atlantic State, 
destination. These two road» form hnl^sn the gr » ^^^^^^ ^^ ^^^^^ ^.^^^ y_^^ ^^^^.^ ^^ ^^j^ 

and sea-board with the M.sstssti^ r'^ra, roj ■ hmierto constructed on the longitudinal extent of the country. Their 
and passengers is immense, being the shorttsl routis m"^' " j . I jj^.^igan aecesi by 

conn^ions'with the railroads and steam -""^"r' 'X^^^,^"^^!,^.'"^ ,o s'vell the aire 'iy large com- 

railroad and water to vast regions hitherto '^'^''^^ll^'^^^^^^T^ „io State, as the one from Detroit to Pontiac, and • 
mercial oonnecti^ of the State. Thereare also se oral short ralroad in t ,^^^^ ^^ ^^^^,^^ ^^^ ^^^^ ^^^^.^^ ^ ^^^ 

from White PigeTn to Cons.an.ine : and "'^^^ ''J^. P^o ^n;^'^ d iVom Jackson, on the Centra. P.oad, to Lansing, the 
mineral region, in the npper P™;"f"f ' ..^ ' °° ''.fs Je „„ the 1st of January, 1S53, was 4S1 mUes, which had cost 
,,,,i,.,l. The total length of completed railroad '^'^l^^'X^Zyc7 r^x\^^ of te ritory. A canal is also abont being 

^'•"'':^*frr:k^4,r"eM:rir:ut^^^^^^^^ 

;;;;r: r—^ule r;:;"niineral region of -;--° *— ^r^ :::;;ch bank, the nnancia. condition o, 
^>„,.x-On the 1st January, 1851, there were m^^^^^^^^^ 

„ |,i,.h, at Uie date a^xed was F f"l "^^ ./s tH^^^ „ai« - 1 discounts *1,31«,:3(13, stocks *420,5-21, real estate 
, „h,r banks $42,559, and other liabilities »S42,S16 , "tid «.«.^. i ■ ^^^ j^g5_ ^^^ 

J221,C26, other investments *65,083, due by other banks $41)4,601, notes 
;pecie 1125,722. . constitution approved by the people, in November, 1S50. It provides 

,.,>.«,,»™(.-The gov-emment ■« ''"^^f °° "^"™^ f;, ° ^ f ^very white male inhabitant who, six months previously, 
,h;a the right o/mffrage be enjoyed by every '^^''■^■'^^J^l^^^^l^ J ,,,,„ ^^ resided in the State two and a half years, 
has declared his intention to "ecome a ciU.en^of *;^J^-'^;>^^"^'^^^,:„, „„^ , „,„ber of any tribe. Every elector shall bo 
a„.l declared his intention as ''f°'-^-'^-»"f;,^7>,\';7," months, and in the township or ward in which he offer, hi8 
above 21 years of ^7';"f^^^^„ ;^''''B'n m tafe scnalifted from vo.ng, or being elected to any oilice. The general 
vole ten days preceding an election. ^'"'-^^ November, biennially (even years), 

dections are held on Tuesday succeeding the "7' f ™'^''> '" "" „„,^,i'„,. Senators, S2 in number, are elected from 

/..,«.,.«•. p«eer i, vested in a Senate »"". """^^^f ,f; "^ : ",t n" more tha'n 100 in number (now 6C), ftom 
.„,,e districts for two years, -"If P^^^f,^'';'^;,"i: rtln^ "nL" more than one representative, the number to 
.li.lricts, and for the same term. When any town °''''f "■=' '^,™",''\_ ,^_ ^^ „e div Senator, 

and of the state two years next preeedmg.Ttepowe,^ot^''^g of Michigan shall execute the oflice of 

in.endent of Public Instruction, an Auditor-general, ''"'>»"/'""^' ,;;";,/ The three Hrst-named eonstitiit* a B>.ard 

a iLrd of State banvassers, to aetermine the results of ^^^ if LtrCourts, and in justices of .he peace. 
The j.<licia,-!, is vested in one ^"^"^^^•^"^■^^/"tdk, 'on All judges and justices are elected by the ,«.ople. The 
There are also municipal courts of civil and "™7' J"™ f;™;.,„^"^„ „„d holds four term, annually. It has power 
supreme Court has general «'P^™.cnd,ng control o^^^^^^^^ ^^_^ ^^^^^^^^ .^ ^„.„;„^,, ,, „,,„„., as far 

ov general rules to modify, amend, and simpWy *\P™';^'^ °\''"'/ ^he Circuit Court consist, of eight judges, one for 
, , ^ practical, the dlstiuc.ions between law and ''i-%^^l^^;f^J'^^;^Z jurisdiction in all matters not excepted in 
each judicial circuit, who hold offlce for six year . ^'^-'.-e '^""'^ ^a"- "^S^} j„j „,e inehgible for any 

the constitution or prohibited by law, and "PPf f ^"J " tl- oan« A c r^^H court is held twice a year in every 
other offlce during their respective '-™- -;^/° J^^^^ Lh " r in counties of more th.n 10,000 inhabitants. The 
county organised for judical purposes, and four t mes in «>e > law-the judges hold offlce for four years, 

probate courts of the several counties have JUr.sdicUon t^ .^o^" ^l' s '^^^ J s i es of the'peL are chosen for four years, 
The whole of the above are court, of record, »"^^'^"''J,r^,7^^Vnumber. In civil eies, justices of the peace have 
and each town may have four-eities may have more th. n that ™"«''^ ^ , ,^^ ,„ j5f,„. They have 

exclusive jurisdiction to the amount of *1"0; -d concu.en. o 3 , w h ch -S^^^,^^,^^,^ ^>^ ^„,.„^ .„ ,„ , o, 

also criminal jurisdiction in minor offen es Court, of »"^'"^"™ J „ ^ „„ „l,„,„ey or agent of h,s own 

n l^'lng war against it or adhering to its enemies, g'-"f '''-;";- ,,"1 Id »a»;ed to by two-thirds of each house. 
Any amendment, to the constimtion may be P-P-«d n e tier '»-• »"^J^^ »=;; ,„^ ^y^,„, ,„,i„, .hereon ratify 
.n,.h <hall be submitted to the electors at the next general election, and " » mapn commencement 

and apF"ve them, the same shall become a part of the constitution ;^' »"™ J^'^V, W ion of a general revision 
:r«ie' political year a«er their adoption In 1SC6 and ':;;^^^:'^ ^J^^^T^^X favor of a convention, the 
of the constitution shall be subm, tod .o the *^''^^»; ""<* ™. ^"f „f^ J^^,,,/, ,„ such conven.ion. 

^-J^^^t-^:^:^ S;r;rs:::;='7:e:f^.. o«lcers,154genera,sta.o„cers,40, 
aeld officers, etc., and 2.20S company oHicer,. ^^ y,j^, ^^d the Asylum for the Deaf 

The principal heneml«,-t inmutiom of the Slate are, the ^ >_'»" JJ^^';.,,^ ,,„j „„d ^re under the control of a board 
and Dumb and the Blind at Kalam.,zoo. These mstijutions are endo« ed with 
of live trustees elected by the legislature. 469 



MICHIGAN. 



Finance^ Debts, etc.— The total available means In the treasury for the year ending 30th November, 1850, was 
$484,715 6r, of which sum $55,447 39 was a balance from the fiscal year 1S49, and $429,268 28 receipts during the year 
ending as above. The total expenditures amounted to $449,355 40, leaving a balance of $35,3G0 27 for future appropri- 
atiou. The chief sources of income were— general taxes and sales of land about $300,000, and specific State taxes 
$24,404; and the principal objects of es'pendiiure were — legislation $54,607 53, constitutional convention $31,463 05, 
executive $11,953 16, jadioiarj' $9,154 83, state prison $6,000, counties for taxes $6,637 27, expenses of sales of tax lands 
$14,045 37, State library $142 SO, school moneys apportioned $42,794 44, university $9,644 70, etc. Th» aggregate debt 
o*' Michigan as stated by the auditor-geuL-ral in his report of 1st December, 1850, was $2,809,905 S3, bearing interest 
mostly at six per cent The resources and prLiperty of the State, other than State buildings and fimiitnre, are stated 
at $628,224 35, leaving the actual State debt, over and above the resources of the Slate, $2,181 ,GS1 4S. The Uitnl valoe 
of real and personal estate assessed for taxes in 1S50, was $30,877,223 ; but the true or estimated value of the same was 
$59,787,255. 

Federal Jiepremntation.^bS\c\iS^n, in accordance with the provisions of the act of 23d May, 1^50, apportioning the 
federal representation, is entitled to four representatives in Congress. 

Educatian. — Michigan, in 1850, contained 3,097 schools, of which 2,525 only made returns in" that year. According to 
the report of the Superintendent of Public Education, 132,234 children, between the ages of 4 and 18, attended school 
during the year ; the number drawing puWic money, 125,866. Number of scholars under 4 years of ageT 2,056, and over 
IS years of age, S,;U6. Amount of school money appropriated, $42,794 44, and raised by tax, $31,392 44 for support of 
teachers. Eaised for purchasing, building, etc., school-houses, $46,797 01. Received fntm local funds, $5,389 59. "Vol- 
umes in township libraries, 84,823. Mill tax for township libraries and support of schools, $7,957 30. Total amount 
expended for school purposes, $194,330 78. The number of scholars attending unincorporated, select, or private schools, 
was 4,065. A State normal school has been established at YpsiJanti, with an endowment of school lands, and is under 
the control of the Board of Education. The principal collegiate institution of Michigan is the University at Ann Arbor. 
It is under a Board of Kegenls, who have control' of the University fund. In 1350 it had 7 professors, 91 alumni, 64 stu- 
dents, and a hbrary of 6.0U0 volumes. The medical department of the University in the same year had 5 professors and 
95 students. An agricultural department is provided for by the new constitution. St. Philip's College, near Detroit, is a 
Eoman Catholic institution, founded in 18:39, and in 1S50 had 4 professors, 30 students, and a librarj- of 3,000 volumes.- 
There are numerous academies and other literary institutions in the State, the former connected with the University, and 
receiving an apportionment of the University Fund. 

Lihrarie.9. — One State library, 4,400 volumes; 2 social libraries, 3,315 volumes; 4 college libraries, 10,300 volumes; 374 
school libraries, 47,220 volumes — total 381 libraries, and 65,235 volumes. The number of volumes in the school libraries, 
as given in the report of the Superintendent of Public Instruction, differs essentially from the above census account, being 
stated at S4,823 volumes. 

Periodical Press.— The whole number of periodicals published in the State in 1S50 was 6T, of which 37 were devoted 
to politics — 16 whig and 21 democratic — and 30 were devoted to literature, science, religion, etc. Of the whole number 8 
were issued daily and semi-weekly, 53 weekly, 2 semi-monthly, and 4 monthly; and the circulation of the dailies at each 
issue was 5,000, of the semi-weekly. 200, of the weeklies, 31,508, of the semi-montWies, 2,600. and of the monthlies, 13,300. 
The dailies are published at Detroit; of the weelchj issues, 1 is published at Allegan, 3 at Niles, 1 at Coldwater, 2 at Mar- 
shall, 1 at Sault Ste. Marie, 1 at Cassopolis, 1 at De "Witt, 1 at Eaton Kaplds, 2 at Flint, 2 at Hillsdale, 1 at Jonesville, 1 at 
Lansing, 1 at Ionia, 2 at Jackson, 2 at Kalamazoo, 2 at Grand Kapids, 1 at Lapeer, 1 at Adrian, 1 at Howell, 1 at Pomeo, 
2 at Mount Clemens, 2 at Monroe, 2 at Pontiac, 1 at Holland, 1 at Saginaw, 1 at Corunna, 1 at St. Clair, 1 at Port Huron, 
2 at Centreville, 1 at Paw Paw, 2 at Ann Arbor, 2 at Ypsilauti, and 6 at Detroit; the eemi-^noiiiJdie^ are published at 
Lansing and Jonesville, and the monildies at Adrian, Monroe, and Detroit. 

Religious £>enominations.— The statistics of the several religious denominations in this State were, in accordance with 
the census of 1850, as follows : 



Denomina- No. of 
tione. CLurtlies, 


Cbiinh 

Brcolll. 


Baptist 58 . . 

Chrislian ... 1 . . 


17,6:5 .. 

350 .. 


Congregal'l.. 29 .. 
Dutcli Rcf. . 6 . . 


]0,5«0 .. 
1,575 .. 


Episcopal . . 25 . . 
Free 1 .. 


8,-125 . . 
700 .. 


Friends 7 .. 


1,400 . . 



rr..|,er,y. 

$S4,050 

1,000 

69,650 
6,250 

82,SO0 
8,000 
4,850 



Dennmina- No. of Ctiurcli Vnlue of 

tions. Chunli&s. Mrcoin. Properlj'. 

German Kef. — . . — . . $ — 

.Jewish — .. — .. — 

Luther.an... 12.. 8,205.. 12,625 

Mennonite.. — .. — .. — 

Methodist .. 10.3 .. 83,010.. 142,650 

Moravian... 1 .. 200 .. 500 

Prcsbjtcr'n.. 67.. 22,530.. 142,650 



Denomina- No. of 


Cl.urch 


Value ol 


tions. Cliurrliea. 


accom. 


rrop^rty. 


E. Catholic. 42 .. 


15,0-2 . 


. $159,775 


Swedenbo'n — . . 


— .. 


— 


Tunker — . . 


— . 


— 


Union 3 . . 


800. 


1,400 


tIniLarian. . . — . . 


_ . 


_ 


Universalist. 6 .. 


1,210 . 


. 7,100 


Minor Sects .. 1 . . 


800 . 


. 15,000 



—making a total of 862 churches, with accommodation for 118,892 persons, and valued as property at $423,200. Michigan 
constitutes a ditx-ese of the Protestant Episcopal Church ; and also the Roman Catholic diocese of Detroit. 

Pauperism and Crime. — ^Vllole number of paupers wlio were relieved or receivetl sui^port within the year ending 1st 
June, 18.")0, 1,190 — 649 native-bom, and 541 foreigners ; whole number of paupers receiving support at the dale specified, 
429— 24S native-btirn, and ISl foreigners ; total annual cost of support $27,556. The State prison is located at Jackson. 
The number of convicts on the 80th November, 1S49, was 109; received during the year 50, and discharged during the 
year 28, leaving in prison SOth November, 1S50, 131, of whom 115 were white, and 16 colored. Of the 50 received, 25 
were committed for larceny. 3 for burglary, and 5 for burglary and larceny ; and of the 28 discharged, 21 by expiration of 
8ent€'nce,2 by pardon, 2 by death. 2 by escape, and 1 by order of Supreme Court, The incomeof the prison was $10.700 63, 
and the expenditures $16,736 14, the deficiency being supplied by the State. Of the 181 prisoners remaining under sen- 
tence, 5 were educated at college, 1 at a medical school, S in academies, and 91 in common schools ; 94 can read and write, 
34 can read only, and 3 can not read ; 19 learned to read in prison ; 80 were native-born, and 45 foreign-bom. 

Historical Sketch.— The discovery and early settlement of Michigan is due to the French, whose motives seem to have 
been the prosecution of the fur trade, and incidentally the conversion of the Indians. In prosecution of the latter object. 
Father Sa[;ard reached Lake Huron in 1632, seven years subsequent to the founding of (Quebec, but the present site of 
the city nf Detroit had been visited as eariy as 1610. Soon after the middle of the 17tb century, tradinsc-posts were estab- 
lislied at Sault Ste. Marie, Michilimackinac, and Green Bay — the two^rst. in a military point of view, important pusltinns, 
and the latter post is noted as the stiu-ting-point of the expedition of Juliet and Marquette in search of the Mississippi, in 
470 



MIC 



MID 



1673. In 1702, an expedition sent out by the Governor of New France laid the foundation of Detroit. From this period 
until the erection of the country into a territory of the United States, the history of Miclii^an is simply a history of thai 
post, and though Aill of romantic interest, and pt-rhaps of useful information relating to the progress of settlement, ia not 
of suflScient importance to require notice in this p>ace. The Indian wars may also be passed over in silence. The defini- 
tive treaty of peace which acknowledged the independence of the United States, gave to the young republic a vast west- 
ern domain, of which Michigan formed a part. It had been ceded to the English in 17G3, when France renounced hef 
vast American possessions. The disturbed state of affairs at the period referred to, however, delayed the United SlaU'S 
in taking possession of the territory ; n'»r was it imtil 179fj tliat the Americans entered Detroit. Michigan from this time 
was included under the government of the territory north-west of the Ohio, and hence has ever been amenable to the 
ordinance of 17S7. In ISOo, the territory of Michigan was constituted, and on the 1st July of that year the government 
was organized at Detroit by Gen. William Hull, its (Irst governor. In 1S12, war against Great Britiiin was declared by 
Congress, and the first shock fell upon Michigau. Detroit was given up to the British, and the country became the scene 
of rapine and bloo<lshed. The history of this war is one of the most disgusting episodes of which cruelty and treachery 
can boast, and in which the Briton and the Indian were competitors for distinction. On the re-occupation of the territory, 
the governorship was vested in Gen. Lewis Cass. In 1S35, it having been found that Michigan had a population greater 
than required by law to enable her to become a State, a convention was ordered, and having convened at Detroit, a con- 
stitution was framed ; and by an act of Congress, approved 2Glh January, 1S37, Michigan was declared *' to be one of the 
United Stales, and admitted into the Union on an equal footing with the original States in all respects whatever." 

Lansing is the political capital of the State ; untU December, 1S47, Detroit was the seat of government, and is still the 
largest and most Important place. 



Michigan lake. One of the five great lakes of North 
America, and the largest botly of water lying wholly within 
tlie limits of the United Slates. It is situate between latitudes 
4lo 3S' 5S" and 46° N., and the longitudes 84O|40' and 87° 8' 
W. It is a long and narrow lake, stretching' a little north- 
c.^stwardly between the lower peninsula of Michigan on the 
cast, and the States of Illin<:!i3-;and "Wisconsin on the west, 
and on the south it also washes the shore of Indiana, The 
norlhcrn part, together with the strait of Michilimackinac, 
which connects it with Lake Huron, separates the two pe- 
ninsidas of Michigan. The area of its waters is stated at 
16,9S1 sq. m., or ll,n(')7,S40 acres, being inferior in surfiice 
only to lakes Superior and Huron. It is 330 miles in 
extreme length, and on an average 60 miles broad, and its 
elevation above tide-water 574 feet, its depth aj, the same 
time being about 900 feet Green Bay, its largest arm, lies 
en the N. W., and itself is a large sheet of water, 120 miles 
long, and from 25 to 28 miles wide. It is the recipient of 
tiie waters of Wiimebago lake through Fox river, and has 
other minor affluents both from "Wisconsin and the northern 
peninsula. The lake receives also a number of large and 
small rivers; from the lower peninsula it receives Grand, 
Miiskegon, St. Joseph, and Kalamazoo rivers ; from Indiana, 
Calumet river, etc. ; from Illinois, Chicago river, etc. ; from 
"Wisconsin, the Milwaukie, Sheboygan, and other streams, 
and from the upper peninsula, Manistee river and a number 
of other small rivers. Many of these have fine harbors at 
their confluence, and commercial towns rapidly progressing 
to importance have been built in every direction. The 
commerce of the lake, indeed, has already become consid- 
erable, and its increase from year to year has been such as 
to astonish the most sxmgnine. In ISoll-ol the imports and 
exports from the several ports on the lake were as follows: 

Ports. Imports. Exports, 

Green Bay $151,537 $SO,S:JO 

Manitouwoc 49.120 13,719 

Slieboygan 571,S00 12,191 

port Washington 27S.311 4S.2G7 

Milwaukie 3.S2S,650 2,09?.4r,9 

Racine 1,452.7.^)0 650,950 

SoulhpoTt 629.791 BS-?-,6i>S 

Waukegan CD.OSl 283,107 

St.Joseph 672,893 543.894 

Michigan City 28,915 369,168 

Chicago 7,751,872 4,151,905 

—making for all the ports an aggregate of imports rained at 
$15.43-1.728, and of exports an aggregate valued at $8,836,108. 
This amount would undoubtedly be much larger if the 
canal from Chicago to the navigable waters of the Illinois, 
and the numerous railroads diverging from the same point, 
did not carry off the great bulk of the commercial material 



needed and produced in the country on the west side of the 
lake, but these also act as its feeders. The geographical 
position of the lake, indeed, is most advantageous for its 
becoming the channel of an immense commerce. Its length 
lies in the direction between the Mississippi and the great 
lakes, and it is navigable for vessels of the greatest tonnage. 
Steamboats ply regularly between all the ports, and to and 
froiii these and the ports of Lake Erie, having Buffalo, Erie, 
Cleveland, Sandusky, etc., as their eastern destination, and 
at these connecting with the great lines to the interior and 
Atlantic sea-board. 

MicniaAN City, p. v., La Porte co., Iiid.. : at the mouth 
of Trail cr., on Lake Michigan, 12 m. N. "W. of Laporte, and 
137 m. N. by W. from Indianapolis. This is the only lake 
harbor in the State. It was first .settled in 1S36. The Michi- 
gan Central K. K. passes through the v., 54 m. from Chicago, 
and 228 ni. from Detroit It is the proposed terminus of a 
number of other railroads. There are a number of large 
warehouses situated on Trail creek, for the storage and ship- 
ment of wheat and had the improvement of the harbor 
been continued as was contemplated, the great emporium 
of the northern trade of the State would have been here ; as 
it is, vessels can only be loaded by means o(Ug?iters, and in 
pleasant weather. Dry goods, grocery, and provision stores 
are numerous, and there are also in the place several facto- 
ries and workshops. A branch of the State bank is situate 
here. The "-Michigan City News" (whig) is published 
weekly. There is a light-house (fixed light) on the beach, 
the lantern being 60 feet above the level of the sea. Pop. 
about 1,000. 

MicmoANTOWN, p. v., Clinton co., TncJ. : 39 m. N. by W. 
Indianapolis, and 42 m. by the Michigan plank-road. 

MicniLiMACKiNAC county, Mich. Situate E. on S. side of 
Upper Peninsula, and contains about 1,260 sq. in. Drained 
by Pine and Carp rivers, and other small streams flowing 
iiito the straits of Mackinaw, its S. boundary. It embraces 
many islands, of which Mackinaw, Bois Blanc, .and Great 
Beaver (settled by the Mormons) are chief. The main 
land is visited mostly by fur traders ; the waters adjacent 
abound in fish, principally whUe fish and b.ass, and tho 
fisheries are very valuable. Pop. about 3,000. Capital : 
Mackinaw. 

MiDimioGE, p. 0., Giles county, Tenn.: 72 m. S. by W. 
Nashville. 

MiDDLEEOROucn, t and p. v.. Plymouth co., A/ass. : 87 m. 
S S. E. Bo-iton. Drained by Assawamset and Long Pond, 
totfether with several smaller ones, which discharge their 
waters into Taunton r., affording excellent hydraulic power. 
Surface in parts rocky : soil varied. Iron ore is fonn<l in 
abundance. There are 2 forces, an air and cupola fumn.ce, 
several mills, and a number of manufactories in the t. The 
villa*'e is on the line of the Fall Eiver R. E., at the junction 

471 



MID 



MID 



With Cape Cod Branch R. K., 19 m. frum Tall liiver, and haa 
numerous manufactories. Pop. of t. 6,336. 

MiDDLEBocRNE, p. V., GuciTiscy CO., Ohio : on "Will's cr., 
84 m. E. Columbus. 

MiDDLEBorENE, p. T., and cap. Tyler co., Virg.: on the 
E. side of Middle Island cr., 23ii in. N. W. Ilichmond. It 
contains the court-house and a few dwellings. 

Middle BKiNcn, p. c, Stark county, Ohio: 104 m. N. E. 
Columbus. 

Middle Brook, p. y,, Augusta co., Virg.: on a fork of 
Shenandoah r., }02 m. W. N. W. lUehmond. 

Middlebeook Mills, p. v., Montgomery co., Md.: on 
Seneca cr., 3S ra. "W. N. W. Annapolis. 

MiDDLEBUKo, p. V., Cascy CO., Ky. : on Pine cr., 5S m. S. 
Frankfort. 

MiDDLEBUEG, p. V., CaTfoU CO., JM ; betwet-n Sam's and 
Big Pipe creeks, 2 m. from their junction, 13 m. W. of "West- 
minster, 54 m. N. W. Annapolis. 

MroDLEBUEG, t. and p. v., Schoharie co., JV. I'.," 31 ra. 
"W. by S. Albany. Drained by Cabkill cr. and Schoharie 
Kill, which afford excellent water-power. Surface uneven ; 
in parts hilly. Soil varied, in many places rieli and pro- 
ductive. There are a number of mills and manufactories, 
besides several workshops, here. The v. is on Ihc E. side 
of Schoharie cr., and has u number of mills and a furnace. 
Pop. of t. 2,967. 

MtDDLEBURG, p. V., TJnion county, Peyni. : on Middle cr., 
41 ra. N. by "W. Harrisburg. Beaver Furnace at this place 
has an annual capacity of 1,600 Ions. 

MiDDLEBURG, p. V., Hardcman county, Tenn.: on the 
Memphis post-road, 144 m. "W. S. "W. Nashville. 

MrDDLEBiTEQ, t. and p. o., Shiawassee co., Mich. : 23 m. 
N. i E. Lansing. Drained by branches of Maple r. Surface 
rolUng ; soil fertile, adapted to grain. Pop. of t 132. 

MiDDLEBORG, p. v., Loudon CO., Virg, : on a tributary of 
the Potomac r., 99 m. N. Richmond. 

MiDDLEBURG, t and p. o., Cuyahoga co., OIuo: 113 m. 
N. N. E. Columbus. Drained by E. branch of Ilocky r. an<i 
Cuyahoga r. Surface level; soil very fertile, producing ex- 
cellent grain and grass. There are furnaces and several 
mills here. Berea is the name of a pleasant v. and station 
in the N. "W. part of the t, op the line of the Cleveland. 
Columbus, and Cincirtnati E. E., which passes through it 
12 m. S. "W. Cleveland. Pop. of 1 1,490. 

MiDDLEBURG, p. o., Boonc CO., Mo. : 29 m. N. by "W. Jef- 
ferson City. 

MiDDLEBURG, p. v., Duval CO., Flor. : on Black cr., 152 m. 
E. by S. Tallahassee. 

MiDDLEBUEY, t. and p. v., New Haven co., Conn. : 27 m. 
S. W. Hartford. Drained by Ilope Branch of Naugatuck 
r. and Quassepaug pond, outlet of which empties into the 
Housatonic r., furnishing excellent water-power. Surface 
very uneven ; in parts rocky; soil excellent for grazing and 
the growth of rye. Copper haa been found near Quasse- 
paug pond. Incorporated in ISO", and contains several 
mills and manufactories. The v. is situate centrally, and 
has several stores and workshops. Pop. of L 763. 

MiDDLEBUET, p. V., Elkhart co., I/id. : on the 8. W. side 
of Little Elkhart r., 132 m. N. by E. Indianapolis. 

MiDDLEBURY, t. and p. v., Wyoming co., N. Y. : on the 
line of the Buffalo and New York City E. E., 43 m. from 
Buffalo, and 229 m. "W. Albany. Drained by branches of 
Genesee r. and Tonawanda cr. Surface uneven ; soil of 
fine quality, productive of grain or grass. It has excellent 
water-power, which propels several factories and mills. The 
T. contains a number of stores, mills, and workshops. Pop. 
of 1. 1,799. 

MiDDLEBURY, p. V., Mcrccr CO., 3fo. : on the E. side of 
Muddy cr., 145 m. N. N. W. Jefferson City. 

Mn>i>LEBUEY, p. v.. Summit co., Ohio : on the Cleveland 
and Taunton post-road, lOS m. N. E. Columbus. 

MiDDLEBURY, t., p. v., and cap. Addison county, V<?nn.: 
JT m. S. W. Montpelier. Draim.d by Otter cr. (which passes 
472 



lhr>iugh the W. pari of t,) and Middlebury r., affurding ex- 
cellent hydraulic power. Surface generally level, Chip- 
man's Hill, 440 feet above Otter cr., being the greatest 
elevation; soil fertile and very productive. There are a 
large number of manufactories and mills here in successful 
operation ; also a fucnace and forge. The v. is pleasantly 
situate on the bank of Otter cr., at the falls, the Eulland and 
Burlington R. E. passing through it 33 m. from Burlington, 
There arc some extensive manufactories and a large num- 
ber of fine dwellings, stores, and workshops in the village. 
A large quarry of superior white and variegated marble is 
situated near the v., which is extensively wrought It is tho 
seat of the Middlebury College, founded in ISOO, having (in 
1S50) a president, 6 professors, S77 alumni, of whom 397 were 
in the ministry, and 63 students, with a library of 6,000 
volumes. The college is built of stone, and is a fine struc- 
ture. The '^Middlebury Register" (whig) is issued weekly. 
East Middlebury is the name of a post-office in the E. part 
of the town. Pop. of the L 3,517. 

MiDDLEBURY Hvcr, Ver^m.: rises in Hancock t., in a hilly re- 
gion, and flowing W. and N., through Goshen and Middle- 
bury, empties into Otter cr. It is 14 m. in length, and 
affords several mill-seats. 

Mjddlebush, p. 0., Somerset county, JV. Jer. : 23 m. N. 
Trenton. 

Middle Ceeek, p. c, Monroe county, Oliio: 101 m. E. 
Columbus. 

Middle Creek, t and p. o.. Union co., Penn.: 28 m. N. 
Harrisburg. Drained by Middle cr., which flows into the 
Susquehanna r. Surface hilly ; soil fertile. It has some 
manufactories, and several stores and workshops. Pop. of 
the t. about 575. 

Middle Creek, p. v., "Wake co., N. Car.: on N. side of 
a cr. so called, 11 m. S. Ealeigh. 

Middle Creek Mills, p. o., Boone co., Ky. : 56 m. N. 
Frankfort 

Middle Fabius, p. v., Scotland co., ^fo.: on Middle 
Fabius cr., and on W. boundary of co., 127 m. N. Jcfferrtou 
City. 

MiDDLEFrELD, t and p. v., Hampshire co., Mqm. : 9S m. 
"W. Boston. Drained by several affluents of the W. branch 
of Westfleld r. Surface elevated and uneven; soil well 
adapted to grazing. The Western R. R. passes through tho 
v., 132 m. from Boston. The t contains several manufac- 
tories. Pop. 1,737. 

Middlefield, t and p. v., Otsego co., JV. 3'. ; 63 ra. W. 
Albany. Drained by Cherry Valley cr., and bounded on 
the W. by Otsego Lake and a branch of Susquehanna r., ita 
outlet Surface uneven, in parts hilly : soil fertile. Water- 
power is extensive. There are in the t a large number of 
mills, and several manufactories and workshops. The v. is 
in N. part, and contains several stores, mills, and workshops. 
Pop. of t 8,131. 

Middlefield, p. v., Geauga county, Ohio: 141 m. N. E. 
Columbus. 

Middlefield Centre, p. v., Otsego co., N. Y. : on E. side 
of Otsego Lake, 63 m.W. Albany ; contains several mills. 

MiDDLEFOED, p. o., Susscx CO., Del. : 36 m. S. by E. Dover. 

Middle Fork, p. o., Clinton co., Ind. : 46 m. N. by W. 
Indianapolis. 

Middle Fork, p. o., Randolph co., Virg.: 159 ra. N. "W. 
Richmond. 

Middle Fork, p. o., Henderson co.^Tenn. : 102 m.W, S.W. 
Nashville. 

Middle Fork, p. v., Macon co., Jtfb. ; between Middle 
Fork and East Chariton r., tributaries of the Missouri, 95 m. 
N. by W. Jefferson City. 

Middle GnANvrtLE, p. v., "Washington co., K. Y. : on 
lino of the Rutland and Washington R. R., 61 m. N. N. E, 
Troy, and 67 m. N. N. E. Albany ; contains a cotton factory 
an<l some mills. 

Middle Groxt:, p. o., Fulton co.. III.: on the Monmouth 
post-road, 71 m. N. W. Springfield. 



anD 



MID 



Middle Gbovb, p. o., Saratoga county, m Y. : 35 m. N. 
Albany. 

Middle Gbove, p. o., Monroe county, Mo. : 57 miles N. 
Jefferson City. 

Middle Uaddam, p. v., Middlesex co., Conn% : on the 
Portland and East Haddam post-road, near tbe E. bank of 
Connecticut r., 19 ra. S. by W. ilartford. 

Middle Hope, p. o., Orange co., 2i. Y. : 87 m. 8. by W. 
Albany. 

Middle Island, p. v., Suffolk co., If. Y. : 3 m. N. Long 
Island K. K., 129 m. S. E. Albany. 

Middle island, Mieh. : a small island in Lake Huron, 
about 1 m. E. of the N. E. pari of Alpena county. 

Middle Isla-nd creek, Virg.: rises by two branches in 
the E. part of Dodridge co., flows N.W. to Middlebourne v., 
and from thence S. W. to its confluence with the Ohio r., a 
short dislauee below Grape Island. 

Middle Lancastee, p. o., Butler county, Penn. : 174 m. 
W. N. "W. Harrisburg. 

Middle Mills, p. o., Chippewa co., WiJic. : 175 m. N. "W. 
Madison. 

Middle Mountain, p. o., Botetonrt co., V/rg. : on the W. 
border of the county, 145 m. W. Kiehniond. 

Middle Poet, p. v., and'ap. Iroquois co,, /;/..* on S. 
side of the Iroquois r., 124 m. N. E. Springfield ; contains 
the court-house, jail, and a icvi dwellings. The country 
round about is composed of fine meadow land. 

Middlepoet, p. v., Niagara co., If. Y. : on line of the 
liochester, Lockport, and Niagara Falls E. R., 45 m. W. 
llochester, 253 m. W. N. W. Albany. The Erie Canal also 
passes through it. The v. contains several stores, ware- 
houses, and mills. 

Middlepoet, p. v., Schuylkill CO., Penn. : 51 m. N. E. 
Harrisburg, and is chiefly inhabited by miners from the 
neighboring coal regions. 

Middle Kidge, p. o., Newton county, Ga.: &4 m. N. 'W. 
Miliedgeville. 

Middle Rivzb, p. v., FrankUn county. Get. : 103 m. N. 
MiUedgeville. 

Middle Uitee, p. o., Allen county, Ohio: S3 m. N. "W. 
Columbus. 

Middli£ex county, Omn. Situate S. middle, and con- 
tains 342 sq. m. Drained by small affluents of the Connec- 
ticut, which flows 9. through it, and small streams emptying 
imo L<<ng Island Sound, its S. boundary. Surface generally 
uneven, but not rough ; soil mostly good — on the Ctjnnee- 
Ucut very fertile. It raises good crops of com and potat4ie3, 
has some fine dairies, and shears considerable wool, but is 
beller adaptL-d for commerce and manufactures. Tbe Con- 
necticut is here broad and deep, and the county has an 
extensive coasting trade, while the streams aff<trd fine 
water-power, which is all employed. Cotton and woolen 
goi^ds, flour, paper, cordage, powder, earthen-ware, and 
liquors are leading manufactures. Ship-builUing is also 
exten^ivoly carried on. The celebrated quarries of Portland 
stone are on the banks of the Connecticut, and a variety of 
feldspar, used to glaze porcelain, is abundant in their vicin- 
ity. Farms 2.018; manuf. 303; dwell. 5,352, and pop.— wh. 
30,397, fr. col. 2S3— total 30,6S0. Capttuh: Middletown and 
liaddam. Public Work«: New Haven and New London 
E. E. : Middletown Branch E. E. 

Middlesex county, Mi'is. Situate N. E., and contains 
923 sq. m. Drained by Merrimac, Charles, Mystic, Con- 
cord, and Nashua rivers, which supply an abundance of 
water-power unsurpassed by any in the Union. Surface 
uneven — in parts hilly. Soils various, with some excellent 
land. Corn ami potatoes are the farming sUipIes. The 
dairies are fine, but attention is directed mainly to furnish- 
ing the cities with fruits and vegetables. The absorbing 
interests are commerce and manufactures, the former con- 
fined to a few t'twns near Boston, the latter extending to 
every Unvn in it. and embracing almost every imaginable 
urlide of utility or luxury. Cotton and woolen goods of all 



kinds, carpets, de laines, iron-ware, iron eastings, and ma- 
chinery of every description, are prominent manufactures. 
Farms 4,345; manuf. 1,0S9; dwell. 23,450, and pop.— wh. 
160,694, fr. col. 6S9— total 161,383. Capituls : Cambridge, 
Concord, and Lowell. Public Worka: Middlesex Canal; 
Boston and Lowell E. R. ; Boston and Maine K. E. ; Boston 
and Worcester R. E. ; Eastern R. E. ; Fitehtjurg E. E. ; 
Lowell and Lawrence E. R. ; Nashua and Lnwell E. R. ; 
Salem and Lowell R. E. ; Stony Brook R. E., etc. 

Middlesex county, N. Jer. Situate N. E., and contains 
284 sq. m. Drained by Raritan, Millstone, and Ralnvay 
rivers. Surface generally even ; soils various— in parts 
sandy, and mostly under high cultivation. Corn, wheat, 
rye, buckwheat, oata and potatoes, for the most part, pro- 
duce average crops, and much attention is paid to gardens 
and orchards, the products of which are superior and very 
valuable. Raritan Bay on the E. is a good harbor ; Earitan 
river is navigable through the co., and it is extensively en- 
gaged in ship-building and commerce. Its manufactures 
are very large and important, consisting of flour, leather, 
cotton goods, iron castings, cordage, glass, carriages, earthen- 
ware, canvas, paper, etc., etc- Farms 1,523; manuf. 196; 
dwell. 4,657, and pop.— wh. 27,255, fr. coL 1,369, si. II— 
t'jial 23,635. Capital: New Brunswick. Public Works: 
Delaware and Earitan Canal ; Camden and Amboy E. K. ; 
New Jersey E. E., etc. 

Middlesex county, Virg. Situate E., and contains 106 
sq. m. It lies between the Rappahannock on the N. E., the 
Piankitank on the S. W., and Chesapeake Bay on the E., 
and has few streams of any size. Surface level, or slightly 
broken; soil of moderate fertility, but largely covered with 
valuable timber. Com is the chief crop. Wheat is raised 
in parts. Wood and ship timber are exported. Farms 280 ; 
manuf. 14 ; dwell. 401, and pop.— wh. 1,903, fr. coL 149, si. 
2,342— total 4,394. Capital: Urbana. 

Middlesex, t. and p. v., Yates co., IT. Y. : 185 m. W. 
Albany. Bounded on the W. by Canandaigua Lake, and 
drained by West creek, which forma its ou'let. Surface un- 
even—in parts hilly; soil fertile, well adapted to grains. 
There are some mills and manufactories in the t. Tha v. is 
situate on West creek. Pop. of t. 1,3S5. 

Middlesex, v. and fur., Mercer co., Penn. : on llie Beaver 
and Erie Canal, 195 m. W. N. W. Harrisburg. There is a 
raw bituminous coal hot blast furnace here, with an annual 
capacity of 2,000 tons. 

Middlesex, t. and p. v., Washington co., Venn. : imme- 
diately W. of Montpelier. Drained by a branch of Onion 
river, which latter bounds it on the S. Surface uneven ; in 
parts mountainous ; soil in general fertile. Along the banks 
01 the river it is rocky. A mouulain, called "■ Hogback,*' is 
situate near the N. W. boundary. There is some good tim- 
ber here. The v. is situate on Onion r., and on the line of 
the Vermont Central R. E., S3 m. N. by W. Windsor, and 
74 m. S. E. Rouse's Point. It contains a number of mills, 
and several stfjres and workshops. Pop. of t. 1,365. 

Middlesex Village, p. v., Middlesex co., jJ/i/.w. .• at the 
junction <if the Middlesex Canal, on the Merrimac r., 27 m. 
N. W. from Bost^m. 

Middle Three river, /a.: rises in Madison and Guthrie 
counties, and flows N. E. across Warren into Polk co., and 
empties into the Des Moines, near Dudley village. 

Middleton, t. and p. v., Essex county, Mass. : 16 m. N. 
Boston. Drained by Ipswich r., which divides it, and sev- 
eral small affluents. Surface varied, with a well cultivated 
soil. The t contains several stores and an extensive paper 
manuractory. The v. is on the line of the Essex County 
R. R., 9 m. from Salem, and contains several workshops. 
Pop. of t, S32. 

MiDPLEToN, t. and p. v., Strafford co,. If. JIamp. : 27 m. 
N. E. Concord. Incorporated in 1773. Surface, with the 
exception where Moose Mountain separates it from Brook- 
fli-ld. very level. There are no ponds or streams in the 
town. Pop. 476. 

473 



MID 



MID 



MiDDLETON, p. Y., Carroll co., Miss. : Ji3 m. N. Jackson. 
MiDDLETON, t. and p. 0., Dane co., Wise. : immediately 
W. of Madison. Drained by Black Earlh r^ ■which flows 
into Wisconsin r. Surface rolling; soil fertile, and well 
,'ulnptc'i lo fruit Pop. of t. 304. 

MioiJLiiTowN, t, p. city, port of entry, and one of the caps. 
MiditlesL^x co., Ct/n?). : 14 m. S. E. Hartford. Drained by sev- 
eral streams flowing into Connecticut r., which hero bounds 
it oti the E. Surfiice generally undulating; soil of average 
fertility. There are fine meadows in this t., and water- 
power is furnished by several streams, on which are seated 
extensive manufactures. A range of hills crosses iho Con- 
necticut about 2 m. below the city, compressing the channel 
into a strait l>n!y 85 rods wide, and rising from 400 to 600 
feet-aJUJce the river. Here occurs an inexhaustible deposit 
of feldspar, used in the manufacture of porcelain. That 
portion of the t„ formerly known aS Upper Middletown, 
has been recently erected into a separate t under the name 
of Cragiwell. There are silver and lead mines in the t., 
the silver ore yielding about 53 per cent of metal, and the 
lead S4 per cent The works are extensive and very valu- 
able. 

The city is situate on ground gently rising from the river, 
here from SO to 100 rods wide. Lat 41° 83' OS" N., and long. 
72°31)'W. The streets are laid out at right angles with 
each other, the main street running parallel with the water, 
and on this are the principal stores, hotels, the Court House, 
Custom House, and other buildings. The more elevated 
portions of the city, west of the main street, are adorned 
with many elegant mansions. Several of the public edifices 
are of beautiful construction. The buildings of "Wesleyan 
University, situate here, are also handsome structures. 

Middletown is a busy commercial town and a port of 
entry. The wharves are commodious, and the river sulfi- 
ciently deep to admit of any vessels that can pass the bar at 
its mouth. Foreign shipping seldom arrives here, but it has 
a comparatively extensive coasting trade ; and the shipping 
owned in the district in 1650, amounted to 12,129 Ions, 
chiefly employed in coasting, and of which 1,940 tons were 
navigated by steam. The shipping built in the district in 
the year above named amounted to 1.S31 tons. The New 
York and Hartford steamboats call here daily, and there is 
a branch railroad connecting it with Hartford. Middletown 
will also be intersected by the New York and Boston direct 
line of railroad now being constructed. The AVesIeyan Uni- 
versity was founded in 1S31, and has a president and 7 pro- 
fessors, and in 1850 itsalumni numbered 4112 and its students 
lie. The library contains about 12,000 volumes. The in- 
stitution has also a valuable philosophical apparatus. There 
are also several academies in the city and numerous public 
schools. The newspapers published here are, the '■ Senti- 
nel" (dem.), the "Constitution" (whig), and the " Weekly 
News," 'Jhcre are 3 commercial banks in the city and 
a savings institution. Fop. of t. in 1S20, 6.479; in 15:30, 
6,S92 ; in 1S40, 7,010 ; and in 1850, 8,791, about one-half re- 
siding In the city. 

MiPiiLETowN, p. v., Livingston co., Mich,: 81 m. S. E. 
Laming. 

Middletown, p. v., New Castle co., Del. : near Appo- 
quinimink cr., 23 m. N. i W. Dover. 

Middletown, p. v., Logan co.. III. : on the border of a. 
prairie, 20 m. N. E. Springfield. 

Middletown, p. v., Henry co., Ind.: 89 m. N. E. by E. 
Indianapolis. 

MiDi-LETOWN, p. v., Jefferson county, Kt/,: 36 m. W. 
Frankfurt, and 12 m. E. Louisville. 

Middletown, p: v., Frederick co., 3fd. : on tho E. si<lo 
of Catociin cr., on the Hagerstown turni)ike, 9 m. W. of 
Frederii'k City, and 63 m. N. W. of Annapolis. Middle cr. 
joins Calnctin r. N. of the village. 

MiDi'LETowx, p. o., Montgomery CO., 3lo.: 56 m. N. E. 
Jefferson (^ily. 

Min"LETowN, t and p. v., Monmouth co., Al Jer, : 31 m. 
474 



N. E. Trentonf Bouniled on the N. by liaritan and Sandy 
Hook bays, on the E. by the Atlantic Ocean, on the S. by 
Na^ esink and Swimming rivers, and on the W. by branches 
of the latter. Drained by branches of Navesink and Swim- 
ming rivtrs, and a number of small f-treams flowing into the 
bays, aflbrding in all excellent water-power. Surface varied 
— in the centre and E. part hilly or mountainous, the re- 
mainder even ; soil very fertile and productive. In the N. 
part of the t, adjoining the ocean, are the Highlands of Na- 
vesink, in height some 350 to 400 feet, on which are 2 lights, 

1 revolving and 1 fixed. Lat 40° 23' 40" and long. 73° 59' 43" 
Sandy Hook, a sandy beach, extends N. from Shrewsbury 
inlet, and S. point of the Highlands, and is from one-half io 
a mile in width ; and on the N. part there is a fixed light and 

2 beacons, the light 90 feet above the sea. Lat 40° 27' 37", 
long. 74° 00' 42". There are a number of villages in the t 
The v. of Middletown is in the centre, in the hilly part, and 
contains several stores .ind dwellings, and a number of 
workshops. The town has several mills and manul^actories, 
and a number of distilleries. The "Democratic Banner" 
(dem.) is tho name of a weekly issue. Pop. of t 3,245. 

Middletown, p. v., Des Moines co., Ja. : 63 m. 8. by E. 
Iowa City. 

Middletown, p. v.. Orange co., JV". T. : on line of the 
Erie E. K., 77 m. N. W. New York, S9 m. S. S. W. Albany. 
This ^8 a beautiful and flourishing v., and contains eeveral 
worlvstiops, etc. 

MiDDLETo^fW, p. v., Hyde comity, K Car.: on Pamlico 
Sound, 151 m. E. by S. Ilaleigh. 

Middletown, p. v., Butler co., O?iio: on the E. side of 
Miami r., on the Miami Canal, 41 m. N. Cincinnati, and 71 
m. W. 3. W. Columbus. A bridge across the river connects 
the V. with the Cincinnati, Hamilton, and Daj-ton R. 11.. 23 
in. S. by W. Dayton. It contains several stores and manu- 
factories, and 1,092 inhabitants. 

Middletown, p. b., Dauphin co., Peniu: <m the E. bank 
of the Susquehanna r., above the confiuence of Swiitani cr., 
10 m. S. E. by E. Harrisburg. The Middletown lurnae<s at 
this place have an annual capacity of 2,150 tons. The Har- 
risburg and Lancaster 11. R. passes through the v., and the 
Union Canal here enters the Susquehanna river. 

Middletown, t and p. v., Rutland co., Venti.: between 
two mountains, 10 m. S. by W. Rutland. Drained by Poult- 
ney r., a branch of Carleton r. Surface uneven, in parts 
mountainous; soil best adapted to grazing. It has several 
saw-mills, etc. ' The v. Is pleasantly situate In the valley of 
the mountains, and has a marble manufactory. Population 
of t 875. 

Middletown, p. v!, Frederick co., Virff. : on Meadow 
Run, a fork of the Shenandoah r., 131 m. N. N. W. Rich- 
mond. The V. has excellent water-power, and contains 
several mills and workshops, together with a wagon manu- 
factory. Pop. about 450. 

Middletown Centre, p. c, Delaware co., AT. Y. : 6T ra. 
9. W. AR>any. 

Middletown Point, p. v. and port of delivery,- Mon- 
mouth CO., X. Jer. : on E. bank of Middletown cr., 29 m. 
N. v.. Trenton. The v. is pleasantly situate on an elevation 
of some GO feet from the water. It is a flourishing v., with 
some fine stores and dwellings, and considerable trade. 
The Farmers' and Mechanics' Bank is situate here. Cap- 
ital $50,000 

Middle Village, p. o., Queens co., 2^. T.: 129 m. S. 
Albany. 

MiDDLEViLLE, p. T., Barry co., Mich.: on W. fork of 
Grand Haven r., 49 m. W. Lansing. 

MiDDLEviLLE, p. 0., Susscx couuty, 2f. Jer. : 61 m. N. 
Trenton. 

MiDDLEviLLE, p. T., Hcrkimcr co., N.Y.:ovi West Can- 
ada cr., Tl m. N. W. Albany. It contains several stores, 
mills, and manufactories, among the latter Is an extensiva 
chair r>nd cabinet factor}'. 

MiDDLEWAY, p. v., Juflcrson CO., Virg. : 127 m. N. by W- 



MID 



MIL 



rjeliraond. The ■Winchester and Potomac E. K. passes 
near the village. 

Midland county, Mich. Situate E. at head of Saginaw 
Bay, and contains "22 sq. m. Prained by Tittibawassee r. 
and its branches, Salt, Pine, and Chippewa rivers. Surface 
undulating; soil well adapted to grass and grain. In the 
N. aud S. E. are dense forests of Norway and while pine 
timber, which are very valuable, and the county contains 
abundance of gypsum and excelk-rit salt springs. It is 
thinly settled yet. Farms 4; manuf. 0; dwell, 10, and pop. 
— wh. 64. fr. col. 1 — total 65. Capikd: Midland. 

Midland, p. v., Charlotte co., Virg, : on the E. side of 
Slauuloa r.. "S m. 8. W. by "W. Richmond. 

MiDTiLLE. p. T., Burke co.. Ga.: on the N. side Ogeochee 
r., "5 m. E. S. E. Milledgeville, on the line of the Central 
R. K., 94 m. from Savannah, and 91 m. from Macon. 

Midway, p. o., Giles county, Yirg.: 174 m. W. by S. 
Richmond. 

Midway, p. v., Barbour co., Ala. : on a fork of Pea r., 
40 m. E. S. E. Montgomery. 

Midway, p. 0., Fulton county, lU. : 63 miles N. TV. 
Springfield. 

Midway, p. y., Spencer co., Ind. : on the E. side of Little 
Pigeon cr., 133 m. S. S. W. Indianapolis. 

MrnwAT. p. v., "Woodford co., Ky. : on the line of the 
Lexington and Frankfort R. R., 15 m. E. Frauk{i_^rt. 

Midway, p. o., Madison co., Mhs. : 23 m. N". Jackson. 

Midway, p. v., Cooper co., Mo.: on the Boonville and 
JefTiTson City post-road, 26 ni. N. W. Jefferson City. 

Midway, p. t., Davidson co., N.' Cur. : S5 m. W. by N. 
Raleigh. 

Midway, p. v., Barnwell dist., S. Car. : on the line of the 
South Carolina R. E., 72 m. from Charleston., 54 m. S. 
Columltia. 

Midway, p. c, Newton county, Tea". : 139 m. E. by N. 
Austin City. 

Midway, p. o., Hot Springs county, Arl: : 47 m. S. "W. 
Little Rock. 

Midway, p. v., Monroe co., Tfrm.: 131 m. E. S. E. 
Nashville. 

Midway Junction, p. v., Prince Edward co., Virg. : on 
the Prince Edward and Marj'sville post-road, 65 m. S. "W. 
Richmond. 

MrEi!, p. 0., Grant co., Ind. : 58 m. N. by E. Indianapolis. 

MiER, p. T., "Wabash co.. III. : 132 m. S. E. Springfield. 

MiF.R, p. 0., Madison county, Mi^cmri: 125 m. S. E. 
Jefferson City. 

Mifflin county, Pen^. Situate centrally, and contains 
223 sq. m. Drained by the Juniata and its branches. Sur- 
face uneven, and much bmken. Soil, except in the most 
rugged parts, very rich. "Wheat, rye, com, and oats pro- 
duce fine crops, and the shearings of wool are heav>% and 
dairies large. It has excellent mill streams, and manufac- 
tures wot^len goods extensively. Iron ore is abundant, and 
the manufaoture of iron is the leading interest of the county. 
Farms 787; manuf. li>2 ; dwell. S.Wl, and pop._wh. 
14.570. fr. col. 410— tf.tal 14.0S0. Capital: Lewistown. 
Pnhlic Works: Pennsylvania Canal; Pennsylvania R. R. 

Mifflin, t. and p. o., Ashland co., Ohio: 62 m. N. N. E. 
Columbus. Drained in llie W. by Black Fork of Wal- 
honding r. ; soil fi-rlile and well cuUivirted. Pop. 891. 

Mifflin, t. and p. v., Iowa co., WIac. : 52 m. "W. by S. 
Madison. Drained by branches of Picannica r. Surface 
various : soil fertile, with good woodlands. The v. is situate 
in the S. part of the tf>wn. and will be intersected by the 
Milwaukie and Mississippi Railroad as projected. Popula- 
tion of t. 640. 

Mifflin, p. v., Crawford co., IjuJ.: 102 m. S. by "W. 
Indianapolis. 

Mifflin, p. v., Henderson co., Tenn.: lOT m. W. S. W. 
Nashville. 

MiFFLiNBFRO, p. h.. Union co., Penn.: on the S. side of 
Buffalo cr., 4S m. N. by "W. Uarriaburg. Incorporated in 



1S27; has several manufactories, a number of stores and 
workshops, 145 dwellings, and 7SS inhabitants. 

MiFFLiNTowN. p. b,, and cap. Juniata co., Penn.: on the 
N. bank of the Juniata r., 34 m. N. W. Harrisburg. ".The 
Pennsylvania Canal pfliSses through the borough, Itiias a 
number of dwellings, several stores, and workshops. The 
"Juniata Register," and "Juniata Sentiner' (whig), are 
weekly issues. Pop. 4S5. 

Mii'FLiNviLLE, p. v., Columbia co., Penn. : on the S side 
of the Susquehanna r., 57 m. N. N. E. Harrisburg, 

Milam county, Tex. Situate E. centrally, and contains 
l,24:3'sq. m. Drained by Liule r., a branch of the Brazos, 
its E. boundary, and its branches Indian, Elm, and Brushy 
creeks, and San Gabriel r. Surface undulating or. level, a 
large part open prairie, but with a plenty of tinilxiiiiu every 
parU Soil mostly very fertile, producing great crops of cot- 
ton, com, Irish and sweet potatoes, and admirably adapted 
to grain-growing and grazing. Indigo grows spontiuieously 
in great abundance. It is rich in minerals, and has val- 
uable stone quarries, millstone grit, and numerous salt 
springs. Farms 152 ; manuC 1 ; dwell. 414, and pop. — wh. 
2,469, fr. col. 2, si. 436— total 2,90S. Capitul : Cameron. 

Milam, p. v., and cap. Sabine co., Tex. : on the Old 
Military Road, ^47 m. N. E. Austin City. 

Milan, p. v., Ripley county, Ind, : 65 miles S. E. 
Indianapolis. 

Milan, t. and p. o.,' Monroe co., Mich. : 47 m. S. E. 
Lansing. Drained by N. branch of Macon r. Surface un- 
dulating ; soil fertile, adapted to grain. It contains a num- 
ber of mills and manutactories, and several workshops. Pop. 
of t 642. 

Milan, p. v.. and cap. Sullivan co., Mo. : <m the E. fork 
of Locust cr., 124 ul N. N. W. Jefl'erson City. The U. S. 
Land Ofllce for the Milan district Is here. 

Milan, t. and p. v., Co<^s co., y. IRnnp.: 91 m. N. J E. 
Concord. Drained by the Androscoggin r. and S. branch 
of Upper Ammonoofuc r. Surface uneven ; in N. E. and 
S. W. mountainous; soil adapted to grazing. Here are 
sonit^ mills anil manufactories. Chartered in 1771. The v. is 
situate centrally on the line of the Atlantic and St. Lawrence 
R. R., 104 m. N. W. Portland (Me.), 19 m. E. Northumber- 
land. It contains several stores and workshops. Popula- 
tion of t 493. 

Milan, t. and p. v., Duchess CO., 2T. K ; 49 m. S. 
Albany. Drained by several creeks flowing into the Hud- 
son r. Surface uneven, and parts hilly ; soil clay loam. It 
contains the v., situate centrally, and has some stores, seve- 
ral mills and manufactories, and a number of workshojjs. 
Pop. of t.l,7r>4. 

Milan, t. and p. v., Erie county, Ohio: 93 m. N. by E. 
Columbus. Drained by Huron r. and its branches. Surface 
hilly ; soil fertile and productive. The v. on the S. bank of 
the river is pleasanUy located on a bluff some 70 feet abovo 
the water, on the site of an old Indian town. It is connected 
with Huron harbor S m. by a ship canal, by which vessels 
pass up to the village. It is a flourishing village, and con- 
tains ehurches, an academy, a number of stores, several 
mills, and various mechanic shops. The t. has in it a num- 
ber of schools. The '• Milan Tribune" (whig) is issued week- 
ly. Pop. of t. 2,697. 

Milan, p. c, Bradford county, Penn. : US m. N. 
Harrisburg. 

MiLBrRG, p. 0., Greenville dist., S. Car. : 98 m. N. W. 
Columbia. 

MiLFj^BUBG. p. v.. Centre co., Penn. : in an extensive coal 
region, on S. side of Bald Eagle cr., 67 ra.N.W. Harrisburg. 
The country round about is mountainous. There are in the 
village a cold blast furnace of 1,100 tons annual capacity, 2 
charcoal forges, producing 450 tons blooms each, and 2 
rolling mills, producing 600 tons each annually. Pop. 474. 

MiLESTuwN, p, v., St. Mary's eo., Md. : E. of Wicomico r., 
and 41 m. S. by W. Annapolis, 

MiLESTow.v, p. v., Philadelphia county, Pnu.: on an 

475 



MIL 



MIL 



elevation, 89 miles E. by S. Harrisburg, and 9 miles N. i 

Philadelphia. 

MiuoED, t. and p. v., New Haven co., CotiTi. ; 48 m, 
S. 8. W. Hartford. Bounded on the S. by Long Island 
Sound, and in the W. by the Housatonic r. Drained by 
Wi-'pawaug river and several small creeks flowing Into the 
Sound. Surface undulating ; soil fertile ; and there is a 
quarry of beautiful serpentine marble in the town. It has 
a fine harbor for vessels of from 150 to 200 tons burden. 
Many of the inhabitants are engaged in the oyster and 
clam trade and in coasting. The Washington bri*lge 
crosses tl»e Housatonic r. near Milford Point to Stratford, at 
which place there is a draw to adnnl ressela The v. is very 
pleasantly situate at the mouth of Wepawaug r. at the head 
of the harbor, on line of the New York and New Haveu 
R. E., 10 m. from New Haven. There are in the L several 
stores and mills, together with a number of manufactories. 
Pop. of t 2,465. 

MiLFOED, t and p. v., Jefferson co., Wise: 27 m. E. 
Madison. Drained by Beaver dam branch of Eock river. 
Surface varied ; soil fertile, with good timber lands. The v. 
is situate on Kock r., and contains several stores and dwell- 
ings. Pop. of t, 723 

Mn-FOED, p. v. and bund., Kent co., Pel, : on N. bank of 
MispiUion cr., 16 m. S. Dover. There are in Ihe hund. nu- 
merous stores, several mills, manufactories, and workshops. 
Area, 47,500 sq. m. The " Milford Beacon" is issued weekly. 
Pop. 2,529. 

MiLFOBD, p. v., Hunterdon co., iV. Jer. : on the E. bank 
of the Delaware r., 29 m. N.W. Trenton. 

Milford, p. v., Iroquois co., III. : on the N. side of Sugar 
creek, 113 m. N. E. Springfield. The v. is surrounded by 
excellent prairie land. 

Milford, p. v., Kosciusko county, Ind. : 115 m. N. 
Indianapolis. There is a railroad in course of construc- 
tion from Peru to Goshen, which will pass through the 
village. 

Milfoed, t and p. v., Penobscot co., Me. : 76 m. N. E. 
Augusta, on the E. side of the Penobscot r., by which and 
the Sunkhaze r. the t. is drained. Orono lies on the opjmsite 
side of the river. Pop. 6S7. 

Milfoed, t and p. v., Worcester co., 3fiis8. : 29 m. S. W. 
Boston. Drained by branches of Pawtucket and Charles 
rivers, which afford excellent hydraulic power. Surface 
pleasantly diversified ; soil fertile and well cultivated. There 
arc a number of mills and several in an u factories of various 
kinds in successful operation here. The v. is very pleas- 
antly situate on the borders of a pond in centre of t. The 
Milford Branch R. K. connects the v. with FurtningU.n, 1-3 
nL distant, where it forms a junction with the Boston and 
"Worcester R. R. There area number of fine «iwellings, 
some stores, and several workshops in the village. The 
" Practical Christian" ia the name of a semi-monthly issue. 
Pop.of thet4,Sl9. 

Milford, p. v., Caroline co., Virg. : on the Richmond, 
Fredericksburg, and Potomac K, R., 8S m. from Rich- 
moml. 

Milfoed, t and p. v., Oakland co., JificJi. : 49 m. E. by S. 
Lansing. Drained by branches of Huron r. Surface undu- 
lating ; soil very fertile, and produces grain. The village is 
on a branch of Huron r., and has several neat dwellings. 
Pop. of L 1.4T0. 

Milford, p. v., Bracken county. Kt/. : on a branch of 
Licking r., 5S m, N. E. by E. FrankforU 

Milford, t. and p. v., Hillsborough co., 2f. /lamp.: 29m. 
S. J E. Concord. Souhegan river divides the t., running 
through the N. part, by which and its branches it is 
draiTied, ami produces- excellent wate-r-power. Surfane un- 
dulating; soil rich. The v. is on the Wilton R. R., 4 m. 
from Will->n. The L has considerable manufactures. Pop. 
of t. 2.159. 

Milford, t. and p. t., Otsego co., J^. Y. : 67 m.W. Albany. 
Drained by Susquehanna r. and its branches Surface very 
476 



uneven — in parts much broken ; soil strong rich loam, and 
vfty fertile. The v. is pleasantly situate on a level plain 
near the Susquehanna r., and conta,ins several stores, mills, 
and latmeries. Pop. of t 2,227. 

Milfoed, p. v., Clermont co., Ohio: on the E. side of the 
Little Miami r-, 81 m. S. W. Columbus, and connected by a 
bridge with the station on the Little Miami E. E., on the 
W. side of the river, 14 m. from Cincinnati. Population 
about 600. 

Milford, t, p. v., and cap. Pike county, Penn. : 129 m 
N. E. Harrisburg. Drained by several small lakes, empty 
ing into the Delaware r., which bounds the town on the 
S. E. Surface mountainous and much broken ; soil infe- 
rior, except along the banks of tne river, where it is good. 
The village, on the W. bank of the Delaware, is very 
pleasantly situated on an elevation, at which point a sub- 
stantial bridge affords communication with the opposite 
shore. Pop. 853. 

Milfoed, p. v., Greenville district, S. Car. : on a fork of 
Congaree r., 94 m. N. W. Columbia. 

Milfoed Centre, p. v.. Union co., Ohio: on S. side of 
Big Darby cr., 81 m. N. W. by W. Columbus. Pop. 211. 

Milfordton, p. 0., Knox co., Ohio: 23 m. N. E. by N. 
Columbus. 

MiLiTAET BomsTY Teact, HI. : the region generally de- 
nominated the Military Bounty Tract, was surveyed during 
the years 1815 and ISlti, and the greater part eubsequently 
appropriated in bounties to the soldiers of the regular army, 
who served in the late war between the United States and 
Great Britain. It is situated between the rivers Mississippi 
and Illinois, and extends from their jvmclion due nortli by a 
meridian line, denominated the fi)urlh principal meridian, 
169 miles, presenting an irregular, curvilinear triangle, the 
acute angle of which is at the junction of these two rivers. 
From this point the two rivers diverge, so as to make a 
distance of 90 miles between the extreme points of the 
northern boundarj-. Half way between the extremes the 
width is 64 miles. The base line ntnning due cast and 
west, and commencing just above Quincy, on the Missis- 
sippi, and terminating at the Ilhnois, a little below Beards- 
town, intersects the fourth principal meridian at right angles 
above the junction of the Mississippi and Illinois rivers. 
The whole tract, according to the public surveys, contains 
207 entire townships, of six miles square, and 61 fractional 
townships— altogether 6,360,0(*0 acres, of which 8,500,000 
have been appropriated in military bounties. This tract of 
country lies between 8SO 54' and 41° 40' of north latitude, 
and 13° west longitude from Washingt<m City, and bounded 
on the south-west for 255 miles by the Mississippi river, and 
for about the same distance on thesoglh-eastby the Illinois. 
Thus do these two great rivers in their diverging course, 
with Eock river approximating from the north, form a spa- 
cious peninsula, furnishing a border to the bounty lands by 
a sheet of navigable waters for steamboats more than 500 
miles in extent, leaving no part of the tract more than 45 
miles, and the greater part not exceeding 20 miles from 
steamboat navigation. The water communication now com- 
pleted between the Mississippi and the lakes, by means ol 
the Illinois and Chicago Canal, greatly increases the value 
of the bounty lands, by affording a choice of markets for 
their products, either at Chicago, Detroit, Buffalo, New 
York, Montreal, or Quebec, by way ol the Illinois Canal 
and the lakes, or by the natural channels of the rivers south, 
at St. Louis and New Orleans. In the interior of the tract, 
traversing it in various directions, are several rivers and 
creeks of less consequence, in a commercial point of view, 
but nevertheless of great utility to the settlements in their 
vicinity. Of these. Spoon, Henderson, Edwards, and Pope's 
rivers, and Crooked, Kickapoo or Ecd Bud, Copperas. Ot- 
ter, M'Kee's, M'Craney's, Iladley's Mill, and Bear creeks, 
are the most considerable. About two-thirds of this tract is 
timbered, and the other third is mostly prairie of good 
quality. It has become considerably settled, and yearly 



i 



MIL 



MIL 



furnishes considerable amounts of products for export. 
Corn, wheat, barley, hemp, and potatoes, are the principal 
produetiona. — Citrtiss' Westet-ii Portraiture^ 1S53. 

MiLiTAKY Grove,»p. 0., M'Dowcll CO., JV". Car.: 18S m.W, 
lialeigh. 

Military Institute, p. o., Franklin co., A*y. ,• at Drennon 
Springs, 1} ni. W. Kentucky r., 20 m. N. Frankfort. The 
annual session of this college commences the second Mon- 
day in September, and the second term of the session on 
the first Mond-ty in February of each year. Its course of 
studies embr.ict_'H the scientific course of the United States 
Military Academy at "West Point, and thorough inslruclton 
in history, international and constitutional law, the Greek 
and Latin languages, and civil engineering. Great facili- 
ties are also otTcred for the study of the modem European 
languages. A tlourishing law school is connected with the 
institute, and affords great advantages to the students. The 
military feature introduced is not merely for the purpose of 
diffusing military knowledge, but as the means of exercising 
complete control, and of securing to the student the personal 
aflvanlages of a uniform and economical distribution of 
time, habits of punctuaUty, health, physical development, 
and a consequent increase of mental vigor. The location 
of the Institute is very healthy, and is removed from the 
allurements, the vices, and the dissipations usually incident 
to college life. Situated on the Kentucky river, it may be 
reached by steamboat from Louisville or Cincinnati, or by 
railroarl from Ix)uf8ville to Eminence, on the Louisville and 
Frankfort road, and thence by stage to Drennon, a distance 
of 12 miles. Institute charges furluition,boarding,lo<lging, 
fuel, lights, washing, sen'ants' attendance, and use of furni- 
ture and arms, $S0 per term. Surgeon's fee, $5 per session. 
Charges in the law school for the above and use of text- 
books, $160 per terra ; each term commencing and ending 
with the semi-annual session of the Institute. 

Mii-TTAEY EoAD, p. 0., Jcfferson co., N. Y.: 151 m. N. W. 
Albany. 

Military Springs, p. o., Fayette county, Ala. : 13S m, 
N. "W. Montgomery. 

MiLLAX, p. o.. Pike CO., 3fi48. : 73 m. S. Jackson. 

Mii.LAKD county, Utah Ter. Situate 9. W., and contains 
about 20,000 sq. m. The S. line is the parallel of SS^ 30'; 
tlie E. the meridian of 34^ 40' W. from Washington, and 
the W. the California State line. It is about 60 m. wide, and 
embraces a great variety of surface, soil, and climate, of 
which little is known definitely. In the W. are several 
large lakes and rivers, of which Walker r. and lake, and 
Carson r. and lake are the largest, and in the E. is Nicollet 
r., flowing N. into Nicollet lake. Several mountain chains 
intersect it, and the surface is mostly elevated. On the E. 
border is a high ridge, oh which, at an elevation of 4,790 
feet above sea level, and in laL 33° 5S' 40", is Fillmore City, 
the cap. of the co. and territory. The co. was a part of San 
Pete in 1850. 

MiLLAKD, p. 0., Walworth county, Wise, : 53 m, S. E. 
Madison. 

MiLLAnDSViLLK, p. V., Susquchanna co., Penn. : 127 m. 
N. N. E. Ilarrisburg. 

Mill Abk, p. c, Fulton county, Ind. : 53 miles N. 
Indianapolis. 

MiLi-CAcn, p. o., Lebanon county, Pen7i. : 23 m. E. N. E. 
Ilarrisburg. 

Mill Bayoc, p. t., Mississippi co., ^rX". ; 133 m. N. E. 
Little Eock. 

Mill Bend, p. o., Hawkins co., Tenn. : 216 m. W. by N. 
Nashville. 

McLLBOP.oucn Springs, p. t., Bath county, T7r^. ; 123 m. 
W. N. W. Pvichmond, on the line of the Tirginia Central 
Railroad. 

MiLLBRiDOK, t, and p. o., Washington co., 3fe.: 9S m. 
E. by N. Augusta. Drained by Naragnagus river, which 
divides it. It c/>ntains Naragnagus bay. which sets up from 
tlie sea, and the p. o. so called is on the E. side of the r., 



In N. part. Coasting trade and fishery is the chief occupa- 
tion of tlie inhabitants. Pop. of 1. 1,170. 

Mill Brook, p. o., Litchfield co., Conn. : 26 m. W. N. W. 
IIartf.>rd. 

Mill Brook, p, o., Warren co., N. Jer. : 47 m. N. by W. 
Trenton. 

Mill Brook, p. v., Wayne county, Ohio: 71 m. N. E. 
Columbus. It contains screral stores and dwellings, and 
some mechanic shops. 

Mill Brook, p. o., Warren co., iV. Y. : 63 m. N. Albany. 

Millcifrn, p. v., Ballard county, K'j. : 246 m. W. S. W. 
Frank^irt. The contemplated line of the Mobile and Ohio 
R. R. parses through this village. 

MiLLDifRN, p. v.. Lake co., lU.: on Mill creek, 195 m. 
N. N. W. Springfield. 

MiLLBiTBY, t. and p. V., Worcester county, Mass. : 37 m. 
W. S. W. Boston. The t is divided by the Blackstone r., 
by which and its branches it is drained, affording valuable 
water-power. Surface uneven, in parts hilly ; soil of good 
quality and very productive. There are extensive manu- 
factories and a large number of mills and workshops in 
the town. Incorporated in 1S13. The Blackstone Canal 
passes through the town. The village is on the lino of 
the Providence and Worcester R. R., 6 m. S. Worcester, 
and contains several churches, an academy, some fine 
dwellings and stores, a number of mills, and several work- 
shops. The Millbury Bank is situate in the village. Popu- 
lation of tho town 3,031. 

Mill Creek, p. o., Pulaski county. III. : 173 m. S. by E, 
Springfield. 

Mill Creek, p. v., Ripley co., Mo.: on the W. side of 
Current river, at the confluence of Mill cr., 153 m. 8. S. E. 
Jefferson City. 

Mill Creek, p. o., Person co., N. Car. : 59 m. N. N. W. 
Raleigh, 

Mill Creek, p. c, Carroll county, Ky.: 35 m, N. by W. 
Frank furL 

Mill Creek, p. c, Kent county, Mich, .* 53 m, W. by N. 
Lansing. 

Mill Creek, p. v., Huntingdon co., Penn. : N. side of 
the Juniata r., and on the line of the Eastern Division of the 
Pennsylv.inia R. R., 92 m. W. Ilarrisburg. The country 
round about is mountainous and abounds in iron. There 
is in the v. a hot-blast furnace of 1,000 tons, and a cold-blast 
furnace of 1,400 tons annual capacity. 

Mill Creek, fur., Venango co., Penn. The fumacclocated 
here has an annual capacity of 1,000 Ions. 

Mill Creek, p. o., Fulton co., Ohio : 132 m. N. W. by N, 
Columbus. 

Mill Creek, hund., New Castle co., Veh : between Red 
and White Clay creek?, 37 m. N. by W. Dover. Area 
27,760 square miles. Pop. 3,522. 

Mill Creek, p. o., Berkeley co., Tirg. : 136 m. N. by W. 
Richmond. 

Mill Creek, p. o., Sabine par., La. : 147 m. N. W. Baton 
Rouge. 

Mill Creek, Ind, : rises in S. W. part of Henry co., flows 
S. through N. W. part of Morgan and S. K. part of Putnam 
into Owen, where it takes a sudden bend, and returning 
into Putnam in a N. W. du-ection, flows into Eel r., a fork 
of White river. 

Milltjale, p. v., Warren co., Miss. : 4 m. E, of Yazoo r., 
and 36 ra. W. by N. Jackson. 

Milldale, p. o., Defiance county, Ohi^: 123 m. N. W. 
Columbus. 

Milldale, p. o., Warren county, Virff. : 107 m. N. N. W. 
Richmond. 

Mill Dam, p. o., Madison county, Mj.; 129 m. S. E. 
Jefferson City. 

MiLLEDOvn-LE, p. city, and cap. Baldwin co., Ga. : and 
capilal of the State: at the head of navigation of Oconee r., 
and at the confluence of Fishing cr., in lat 33^ 7' 20" N., 
and long. 83^ 19' 45" W.— 642 m. S. W.Vashingt.m. The 

477 



MIL 



MIL 



city is built on an elevated and somewhat uneven aite in the 
midst of a rich*and populous cotton-growing region, and is 
the centre of a considerable commerce. It is laid out regu- 
larly, having ten streets running parallel with the river, and 
ten others intersecting them at right angles, all of which are 
100 feet wide, except Washington Street, which is 120 feet. 
There are three public squares, named respectively, State- 
House Square, Governor's Square, and Penitentiary Square, 
the sides of each of which are 450 feet long. Slate-Uouse 
' Square is near the centre of the city, and on elevated ground, 

and on this is built the State House, a tine Gothic edifice, 
surmounted by a cupola, and containing in its halls portraits 
of Gen. Oglethorpe and other eminent men of olden limes. 
The building cost about $120,000. On this square are also 
the State arsenal and a powder magazine. Other prominent 
buildings are the penitentiary and the governor's house, 
which give names to two of the squares, a market-house, 4 
or 5 churches, etc. Five periodicals are published here; 
the "Federal Union" (whig), the "Southern Presbyterian'* 
(relig.), and the "Southern Recorder," all weekly issues; 
and the " Star of Truth'* Oiterary), and the " Gem" (literary), 
monthly issues. The Milledgeville and Gordon R. E. ex- 
tends hence 17 m. to a connection with the Georgia Central 
R. R. at Gordon, 170 m. li-om Savannah, and 11 from Macon. 
A railroad is also completed to Eatonton. The Oconee r. 
is here spanned by a toll-bridge. Milledgeville was founded 
in 1S03— in 1810 it had 1,256 inhabitants; in 1S20, 1,411; in 
1S30, 1.599; in 1S40, 2,095; and in 1850, about 2,316. In the 
v. of Medway, near Milledgevilie, is located Oglethorpe 
College, founded 1836 — in 1850 it had a president, 6 profes- 
sors, S3 alumni, and S5 students, and its library contained 
4,500 volumes. 

Milledgeville, p. v., Carroll co., lU. : on the "W. side of 
Elkhorn cr., 152 m. N. Springfield. 

Milledgeville, p. o., Lincoln CO., Sy. : 47 m. S. by E. 
Frankfort. 

Milledgeville, p. v., Montgomery co., 2^^. Car. : 73 m. 
\V. S. W. Raleigh. 

MiLLEN, sta., Burke eo., Ga. : on the line of the Central 
(Georgia) R, R., at which point the Augusta and Waynes- 
boro' R. R. diverges, 15 m. S. Augusta, and 111 m. E. 
Macon. It is named after the famous engineer so called. 

MiLLEE county, 3Io. Situate S. centrally, and contains 
549 sq. m. Drained by^Biisliy fork, Tavern cr., and other 
branches of the Osage, which flows through the N. part. 
Surface somewhat broken; soil mostly very fertile, and 
adapted especially to grazing. Corn is the staple, nnd pork 
thcTtrincipal export It has fine mill-seats, and abundance 
of*a8jber. Farms 869; manuf 0; dwell. 692, and pop.— 
wh.3,(>45, fr. col. 0, si. 1S9— total 3,S34. Capital: Tuscumbia. 

Millek'6, p. o., Fayette co., T&r.: 57 m. S. E. Austin City. 

MtLLEK's, sta., Cook co.. III. : on line of the Northern In- 
diana R. R., 29 m. IVom Chicago. 

Miller's, p. o., Lawrence county, 0?uo: 79 m. S. S. W. 
Columbus. 

MiLLEu's river, 3fa-ss. : rises in ponds in Ashbumham and 
Winchenden. passing W. through Royalston, Athol, Orange, 
and Wendell, flows into the Connecticut r. at Irving village. 
It has many tributaries, and aflbrds excellent mill privileges. 

MtLLEK's river, Venn, : rises in Sheffield, wal^-rs a part 
of Wheeloek, and empties into the Passiimpsic, in Lyndon. 
It affords good mill privileges, particularly in Wheelock, 
where there is a considerable fall. 

Miller'6 Bat, p. o., Jefferson co., y. Y.: 143 m. N. W. 
Albany. 
MiLLERsntTEG, p. V.. aud cap. Mercer co., lU,: on the N. 
' side of Edward's r.. 112 m. N. N. W. Springfield. It con- 

tains the county covirt-honse and several dwellings. 

MiLLERsni'RG, p. v., Bourbon co., Kij. : on a branch of 
Licking r., 36 rn. E. by N. Frankfort. Pop. 214. 

MiLLEE9BrRG. p. V., Callaway co., Mo. : on a branch of 
Cedar rr., 23 m. N. Jefferson CHy. 
MiLlKKsnuRG. ^ v.. and cap. Holmes co., Ohio: on the 

4z^ 



K. side of Eillbuck or., 67 m. N. "E,. Colun^buB. It contaiua the 
court-house, jail, and usual number of public buildings, a 
number of stores and dwellings, and about 800 inhabitants. 
The Cleveland, Zanesville, and Cincianali R. K., formerly 
the Akron Branch, will pass through the v., affording direct 
communication with Cleveland and Zanesville. The road 
now (1S53) extends several miles below Clinton. Tho 
" Holmes County Farmer" (dem.), ** Holmes County Demo- 
crat" (dem.), and " Holmes County Whig" (whig), arc issued 
weekly. 

MiLLEESBCRG, p. T., Dauphhi CO., Penn. : on the E side 
of the Susquehanna r., and at the mouth of Wisconisco 
creek, 20 m. N. by W. Harrisburg. 

Mii.LEESBUEO, p. v., Ruthciford CO., Tenn. : on tho Nasb- 
viile post-road, 41 m. S. E. Nashville. 

Miller's Ceeek, p. o., Estill county, Ky,: 53 m. S. £. 
Frankfort, 

Miller's Creek, p. o., Davis county, Ut<ih Ter. : 155 m, 
N. Fillmore City. 

Miller's Mill, p. o., Christian co., Ky. : 174 m. S. W. by 
W. Frankfort. 

Miller's Mill, p. o., Bath co., Virg. : 137 m. W. by N. 
Richmond. 

Miller's Place, p. v., Suffolk co., N. Y. : on Long Island 
Bound, 127 m. S. S. E. Albany. It contains an academy" 
and several dwellings. 

Millehsport, p. v., Fairfield county, Ohio: on the Ohio 
Canal, 191 m. Cleveland, and 24 m. Columbus. Pop. 126. 

Miller's Tavern, p. o., Essex co., Vii-g. ; 43 m. N E. 
Richmond. 

MiLLEESTOwN, p. V., Grayson co., Ky. : on W. bank of 
Nolin cr., 7S m. S. W. Frankfort. 

MiLLERSTowN, p. o., Champaign co., Ohio: 48 m, W. by 
N. ColumbQS. 

MiLLEKsroTVN, p. T., Perry co., Penn. : on the left bank 
of the Jnniata r., and on line of the E. division of Iho 
Pennsylvania R. R., S3 m. N. W. Harrisburg. 

MILLERS^^LLE, p. o., Adair county, Ky. : 73 m. S. by W. 
FrankforL 

MiLLERsyiLLE, p. V., Auuc Anindcl co., Md. : on the W. 
side of Severn r., 10 m. N. W. Annapolis, and on the line 
of the Annapolis and Elkridge R. R., equidistant between 
the two places. 

MILLERS\^LLE, p. V., Lancaster co., Penn.: on a branch 
of the Conesloga cr., 83 m. S. E. by E. Harrisburg, 4 m. S. 
Lancaster. 

MiLLEusviLLE, p. V., Marlon co., Tnd., 

MiLLEP.TON, sla., Columbia co., K. Y,: on the line of the 
Harlem R. R., 66 m. S. Albany. 

MiLLnELD, p. v., Athens co., Ohio: on Sunday cr., 53 in. 
S. E. Columbus. There are saltrworks in this vicinity, pro- 
ducing large quantities of salt annually. The v. contains 
several stores, workshops, and dwellings. 

MiLLFOKD Mills, p. o., Prince William co., Virg. : 89 m. 
N. Richmond. 

MillGreen-,p.o., Hartford co., J/f?. ; 48 m. N.Annapolis. 

Mill Grove, p. v., Cobb county, Ga.: 101 m. N. W. 
Milledgeville. 

Mill Grove, P.O., Erieco.. iV 3' ; 257 m. W.JN. Albany. 

Mill Grove, p. v.. Owen co., /;«/..• on the E. side of 
Mill cr., 38 m. S. W. by W. Indianapolis. 

Mill Grove, p. v.. Sumter dist,, S. Car. : on the Darling- 
ton and Sumterville post-road, 41 ro. E. N. E. Culumbia. 

Mill Hall. p. o.. Clinton co., /Vn«, .* on the S. side of 
Bald E:igle cr.. 67 m. N. N. W. Harrisburg. The Mill Hal! 
iron furnace, situate here, has an annual capacity of 1,600 
tons. Pop. 492. 

Mill Haven, p. v., Scriven co., Ga.: 101 m. E. by S. 
iMill.dgeville. 

MiLLiTEiM, p. v.. Centre county, Penn.: 64 m. N. W. 
Harrisburg. 

Mill Hill, p. o., Cabarras co., K Car. : 98 m. W. S. W. 
Raleigh. 



Mill Housen, pfv., Decatur county, Iiid. : 53 m. S. E, 
Indianapolis. 

MiLLi^^AX. p. o., Brazos eo.. Texp,: SSm.E. N. E. Austin City. 

Mn-LiKES's Bknh, p. 0.. Madison par-, La.: on W. side 
of the Mississippi r., 137 m.Jg^ Baton Rouge. .^\. 

MiLLEN, p. 0., Burke co., G(t. : on the E. side of Ogeccliee 
r, 93 m. E. S. E. Millidgcvnie. The Central R. R. passt-s 
through this v., 79 m. from Savannah, and the Augiisla and 
Waynesboro' K. R. diverges from it, 51 m. S. from Augusta. 
Is is named from M. B. Millen, Esq., the eminent engineer 
of the Central R. R. 

MiLLiNGTON, p. v., Middlescx CO., CSui.: on the East 
Haddam and Bozrah post-road, 27 ra. S, E. Ilarlford. 

MiLLiNGioN, p. v., Kent co., Jld.: on the N. side of 
Chester r., IS ra. E. of Chestertowu, and 53 m. N. E. Anna* 
polis. It is ft flourishing village. 

MiLLiNGToN, p. o., Somerset co., 2^. Jer. : on the I'asgatc 
r., 30 m. N. N. E. Trenton. 

MiLLiN'GTON, p. v., Albemarle co., Virg.: near lue'foilw 
of Pevanna r., 78 m. N. W. Richmond. 

MiLLiNOKET lake, Penobscot co., Me, : borders on the 
E. boundary of Piscataquis co., and receives several rivers. 
Its outlet is the river so called, which with it forms an im- 
portant source of the W. branch of the Penobscot river, 
and connects it with Pemadumcook lake, near the great 
fulls so called. 

Mill Plain, p. v., Fairfield co., Co7m. : on the Danbury 
post-road, 51 m. S. "W. Uartford. 

Mill Point, p. 0., Sullivan co., Tetvn. : 248 m. E. by N. 
JJashville. 

Mill I\hnt, p. o., Pocahontas co., Virg. : 151 m. W. N. W. 
Richmond. 

Mill Point, p. o., Ottawa co., Midi.: 65 m. N. N. "\V. 
Lansing. 

Mill Poet, p. v., Fayette co., Ala. : on the Fayette post- 
roa'i, 131 m. N. W. Montgoinerj'. 

MiLLPoitT. p. v., Cht-mung co., K. Y. : on Catherine's cr., 
and on ihe line of the Canandaigua R. R., 12 m. N. Elmira. 
IGT m, 'W. S. W. Albany. The Chemung Canal passes 
through the village. It has extensive water-i)ower, which 
supplies a large number of mills of different kimls. There 
ar? several manufactories, and a boat-yard for building and 
repairing canal boats. Large quantities of lumber are 
annually exported. 

Mill Port, p. o., Potter county, Penn. : 123 m. N. N. "W. 
Harrisburg. 

Mill Pout. p. v., "Washington co., Ind. : on the Musca- 
tatuck r.. 69 m. S. Indianapolis. 

Mill Ray, p. o., BiilIo(.-k CO., G^a.;10S m. S.E. Milledgeville. 

Mill Ridge, p. o., St. Francis co., Avk. : 71 m. E. N. E. 
Little Rock. 

Mill River, p. v., Berkshire co., Muss. : on a branch of 
the llousatonic r., 117 m. W. S. W. Boston. 

Mill River, p. o., Henderson county, y. Car.: 232 m. 
W. by S. Raleigh. 

Mills county, la. Situate S. "W., and contains 32fi sq. m. 
Bounded W. by the Missouri, and drained by Nishnaba- 
tona r. and Mosquito and Key creeks. It lies just 8. of 
Council BlutTs, and is yet but little settled. Unorganized 
in ISoO. 

^f iLusBonouGn, p. v., Sussex county, Del. : on S. side of 
Indian r., 41 m. 3. | E. Dover. 

MiLi-snoRouGn. p. v.. Washington co„ Penn. : on the W. 
side of the Monongnhela r. and N. of the confluence of 
Ten Mile cr., 1C4 ni. W. Harrisburg. 

Mills' Bridge, p. o., Pike county, Ga.: 74 miles W. 
Milled geville. 

Mills' Cornees, p. o., Fulton co., A''. T.: 37 m. N. W. 
Albany. 

Mills' Gap, p. o., Rutherford co., JV; Car. : 206 m.W. by S. 
Raleigh. 

Mills' Mills, p. o., Alleghany co., AT. T. : 225 m.W. by S. 
Albanv. 



MIL 

Mill-s' Peairie, p. v., Edwards CO., HI. : 122 m. S. E. 
Springfield. 

Mlls river, lU.': ri^es in N. part of Jackson co., makes 
a semicircular bend into Perrj', and empties into the Mis- 
feiissippi r. '1 Randolph County. 

Mill Si-eing, p. o., Jefferson county, Tenn. : 194 m. E. 
Nashville. 

Mill Spring, p. v., WajTie co., Ky.: on the S. side of 
Cumberland r., S6 m. S. Frankfurt. 

MiLLSTADT, p. v., St Clair co., lU. : on tlie Waterloo and 
BelleviUe post-road, 96 m. S. by W. Springfielil. 

Millstone, p. v., Oglethorpe Co., Ga. : on the S. side ol 
Broad r., 67 m. N. by E. MUledgeville. 

Millstone, p. v., Somerset co., K Jer. : on W. side Mill- 
stone r., 22 m. N. by E. Trenton ; contains a number of very 
neat dwellings, some stores, and several workshops. 

Millstone river, A''. Jer.: rises in Millstone. Monmouth 
County, flows in a N. and W. by N. couree to Kinj^ston, 
forming the division between Middlesex and Mercer, and 
thence N. through Somerset, joins the Raritan r. about 21-m. 
E. Somer\'ille. This is a rapid stream and has many trib- 
utaries aflTording excellent mill-sites. The Delaware and 
Raritan Canal follows this river a considerable disUmce. 

MiLLTowN, p. 0., Chester county, Penn.: 6S m. E. by S. 
Harrisburg. 

Milltown, p. v., Crawford co., Ind. : on the W. bank of 
the Great Blue r., 157 m. S. Indianapolis. 

Milltow'n, p. o., Washington co.. Me. : 12S m. E. by N. 
Augusta. 

Milltown, p. o., Chambers co., Ala. : "3 m. N. E. by E. 
Montgomery. 

Milltown, p. v., Putnam co., K. Y. : SI m. S. Albany ; 
contains several stores, a foundry, and a few mills. 

MlLLVIEW, p. ( 

Riehniond. 

MlLLVIEW, p. < 

Harrisburg. 

MiLLVILLK, p. 

Montgomery. 

MiLLviLLE, p. v., Jo Daviess co., PI. : on a f^rk of Apple 
r.. 193 m. N. Springfield. 

MiLLviM.E, p. v., Clayton co., la. : on S. bank of Turkey 
r., "4 m. N. by E. Iowa City. There are in this v. a num- 
ber of fine farms and some mills. The country round about 
is well cultivated, and lead is to be found along the banks 
of the river. 

MiLLviLLE, |r. T., Worcester co., Mass.: on the Provi- 
dence and Worcester R. R., 20 m. from Providence, 35 m. 
S. W. Boston. 

MILLVILLE, sta., Essex county, K. Jer.: on line of the 
Morris and Essex R. R., 10 m. W. Newark, and 24 m. S. E. 
Dover. 

MiLLviLLE, t. and p. v.. Cumberland co., K. Jer.: 49 m. 
S. Trenton. Drained by Maurice r. ;in<l its branches. Sur- 
face even ; soil inferior and unproductive. There are a 
number of mills and workshops in tho t. Glass is manu- 
fai'tured here to a considerable extent. The v. is situate on 
Iho E. bank of Manriee r.. and contains a number of stores 
and some fine dwellings. Pop. of the t. 2,332. 

MILLVILLE. p. v.. Orleans co.. A'. Y. : 245 m. W. by N. 
Albany. It contains several dwellings, an incorporated 
academy, a number of mills, and a carriage manufactory. 

MiLLviLLE, p. v., Butler CO., Ohio: on a branch of Miami 
r., 96 m. W. S. W. Columbus. It contains several dwellings, 
a number of stores and workshops, and about 300 inhab- 
itants. 

>riLLvn,LE. p. v., Columbia county, Penn.: on the line' 
of the Catawissa and Towanda R. R., 67 miles N. by E. 
Harrisburg. 

MILLVILLE, p. v., Spartanburg disL, S. Car.; "on a fork 
of Congaree r, 74 m. N. V\'. C'oiumbia. 

MiLLviLLE, p. o., Lincoln rounty, Tenn.: 69 m. S. by E, 
Nashville. • 

479 



, Fauquier co., Virg.: 94 m. N. by W. 

Sullivan county, Penn. : S4 miles N. 

., Butler county, Ala.: 43 miles S. 



MIL 



MIL 



MiLLviLLE, p. v., Ray co., Mo. : on abranch of Wyaconda 
cr., 112 m. N. W. by W. JeffeMon City. 

MiLLviLLE, p. o., King George cc, }lrg. ; 53 m. N. by E. 
RicliinoinJ. 

MiLLW'EES, p. 0., Andljcrson disL, S. Car. : 103 m. "W. N. "W. 
Columbia. 

MiLi,wooi>, p. v., Dooly county, Ga. : 77 m. S. 8. 'W. 
Millt^iigeville. 

Millwood, p. v., Lincoln county, Mo,: 68 m. N. E. 
Ji-'ffiTson Cily. 

Millwood, p. v., Jackson cc, Mor. ; 54 m. N. W. by "W. 
TiUlahiissee. 

Millwood, p. v., Knoxco., Ohio: ontheN. side of Vernon 
r., 47 ra. N. E. Columbus. 

Millwood, p, v., Clark co., Virg.: on the W. side of 
Shenandoah r., 113 ra. N. by W. Richmond. 

Mill-wood, p. o., Collin county, Tex.: 209 m. N. by E. 
Austin City. 

MiLXER, p. v., Fikc CO., Ga. : 61 m. W. Milledgeville. 
The Macon and 'Westem R. R. passes the v. 47 m. from 
Macon. 

MiLXERSViLLE, p. 0., Gucmscy CO., Ohio: 47 m. E. by N. 
Columbus. 

MiLO, t. and p. v., Piscataquis co., 3£€. : 75 m. N. N. E. 
Augusta. Drained by the Tiscataquis r. and its branches, 
Sebec and Pleasant rivers. Surface pleasantly diversified ; 
soil fertile, especially on the banks of the rivers ; well adapted 
to grain. There are a few mills and some manufactories 
here. The v. is situate on the N. side of Sebec r, and con- 
tains a number of dwellings, stores, and workshops. Pup. 
of the t 932. 

Mn,o, t. and p. v., Yates co., i^ Y.: 169 m. W. Albany. 
Drained by a small stream, which bounds it on the N., and 
connects Crooked lake with Seneca lake, the former bound- 
ing it on the W. and the latter on the E. Surface undulat- 
ing; soil fertile. It is quite a flourishing t, and contains 
st'vcral stores, a number of mills and manufactories, and a 
furnace, all in active operation. The v. is in S, E. part, near 
St*neca lake, and contains a number of mills, stores, and 
workshops, Penn Yan, a considerable village, and capital 
(if the county, is situate in the N., on the outlet of Crooked 
lalte. Pop. of t 4,791. 

MiLo, p. v., Bureau co., M : 93 m. N. Springfield. Sur- 
rounded by good prairio lands. 

MiLo Centre, p. v., Yates co., Ni Y. : at the head of 
Crooked lake, on the line of the Canandaigua and Elmira 
R. R., 39 m. N. by W. Elmira, and 171 m. W. AIb.any. The 
country round about is very rich, producing large crops of 
wheat annually. 

MiLROY, p. v.. Rush CO., Ind. : onLittle Flat Rock cr., 89 
m. S. K. by E. Indianapolis. 

ManoY, p. 0., Mitllin county, Penn.: 4S in. N. W. 
Ilarrisburg. 

Milton, p. v., Autauga co., Ala. : on a branch of Coosa r., 
ai m. "W. N. W. Montgomery. 

Milton, p. v., Litchfield co., Conn.: on the Litchfield 
postrroad, on E. side of Shepang r., 31 m. W. Hartford. 

Milton, p. t., Sussex co., Del. : on N, side of a small cr. 
flowing into Delaware Bay, 27 m. 8. Dover. 

Milton, p. v., and cap. Santa Rosa co., Flor. : on the TV. 
side of Blackwater r, 15 m. N. Pensacola, 165 m. W. Talla- 
hassee. The country round about the v. is celebrated for 
excellent live oak. 

Milton, p. v., Pike co., m. : 54 m. "W. by S. Springfield. 

Milton, p. v., Wayne co., /«(/. .• on (he W. branch of the 
White Water r., 68 m. E. Indianapolis. The White Water 
Canal passes through the village. 

Milton, p. v.. Trimble co., Xy. -• on the S. bank of the 
Ohio r.. 44 m. N. W. Frankfurt. A small v., containing a 
number of stores and workshops, a few dwellings, and about 
250 inhabitants. 

Milton, t. and p. v., Norfolk county, Mass.: 7 m. S. 
Bostoff. Bounded on the N. and W. by Neponsct r., by 
<4S0 



which and its branches it is drained. *teurface undulating, 
except in the S., where it is mountainous ; soil very fertile. 
The river afl'ords extensive hydraulic power, and has some 
fine mill-sites, of which there are quite a number, as also 
manufactories. Extensive and valuable granite quarries 
are found here. The v. (cjilled the Mills) is situate on the 
Neponset r., at the head of navigation, and is in a very 
thriving condition, being the seat of considerable trade and 
manufacture. A fine granite bridge here crosses the Ne- 
ponset river, and the Dorchester and Milton Branch C. R. 
diverges hence, and connects with the Old Colony R. R. 
at Neponset, 5 ra. from Boston. Milton contains some fine 
country seats and beautiful scenery. Blue Hill, a celebrated 
land-mark for sailors, 710 feet above the sea, is in S. part of 
the t., 12 m. from Boston. Pop. 2,241, 

Milton, p. o., Lafayette co., Miss. : 135 m. N. N. E. 
Jackson. 

Milton, p. v., Randolph co., Mo. : on Elk Fork, a branch 
of Salt River, 63 m. N. J W. Jefferson City. 

MiLTuN, p. v., Morris co., AT. Jer. : E. side Kockaway r., 
near Hamburg Mountain. 55 m. N. J E. Trenton. 

Milton, t. and p. v., StraB'ord co., K Hdmp. : 27 m. 
N. E. Concord. Bounded on the E. by Salmon r., by the 
branches of which it is drained. Surface various ; in the 
E. is Tencrifl'e, a rocky mountain, near which is Milton 
Pond, connecting with Salmon r. Soil good. It has extensive 
hydraulic power. The v., in N. part of t, is a pleasant 
setilemeni, and has a number of stores and workshops. 
Pop. of 1. 1,619. 

Milton, p. v., ITlster co., K. Y. : on W. side of the Hud- 
son r., at the head of a landing, 73 m. S. by W. Albany. 
The country round about is very i>roduclivo, yielding a large 
amount of produce, which is sent away annually by means 
of barges which ply between the village and New York. 
There are 75 dwellings, with several stores and workshops, 
and about 475 inhabitants in the village. 

Milton, L and p. v., Mahoning co., Ohio : 127 m. N. E. 
Columbus. Drained by aflluenls of Mahoning r. Surface 
undulating ; soil fertile and well cultivated. It has excellent 
water-power. The v. is situate on a branch of Mahoning r, 
in N. W. part of t, and contains several stores and work- 
shops. Pop. 1,120. 

Mu-Tox, p. v., Caswell co., N. Car. : on the S. side of 
Dan r., 66 m. N. N. W. Raleigh. A newspaper, the " Mil- 
ton Chronicle" (whig), is here issued weekly. 

Milton, p. b., Northumberland co., Penn.: on the E. 
side of the W. branch of the Susquehanna r.. at the confiii- 
ence of Limestone r., 53 m. N. by W. Harrisburg. A bridge 
crosses the Susquehanna r. at that point The b. contains 
about 30ri dwellings, numerous stores, and several manufac- 
tories. The "MiUonian" (whig), a weekly paper, is issued 
here. Pop. 1,646. 

Milton, p. v., Rutherford CO., Term. : 31 dl E. S. E. 
Nashville. 

Milton, p. o., Wilkinson county, Ga. : 19 miles 8. 
Milledgeville. 

Milton, p. v., Laurens dist., S. Car. : on Little r., 53 m. 
N. W. by W. Columbia. 

Milton, L and p. v., Chittenden co., Verm. : 34 m. N. W. 
Montpelier. Drained by Lamoille river and its branches. 
Surface pleasantly diversified ; soil good, with fine pastur- 
age. It has immense hydraulic power, owing to an exten- 
sive waterfall in the river. There area number of mills and 
manufactories. The t is bounded on the W. by Lake 
Champlain. Sand Bar bridge connects it with South 
Hero, on Grand Isle. The v. is pleasantly situate on La- 
moille r., near the falls, and on the line of the Vermont 
Central R. R., 121 m. from Windsor. It contains several 
mills and some manufactories, together with a number of 
workshops and about 60 dwellings. Pop. of t. 2,451. 

Miltos, t. and p. o.. Rock county. Wise: 29 m. S. K 
Matlison. Boimded on the N. by Koshkonong lake, by the 
outlets of which it is drained; and diversified by a nuin- 



MIL 



MIN 



ber of small ponds. ^urHice undulating ; soil fertile. There 
are several mills antl m;uiufacIories in the town. The^v. is 
en the line of the Milwuiikie anj Mississippi K. R., 62 m. 
"W'. S. W, Milwaiikie. and contains several dwellings, a 
number of stores, and worlishops. Poj). of t. I,(i32. 

MtLTOX Mills, p. o., Strafford countj^ K Ilarnp.: 25 m. 
N. E. Concord. 

MiLTONSiuiEG, p. v., Monroe co., Ohio: on tbo "WoodHcM 
poal-road, 96 m. E. Columbus. 

MiLTONvjLLK. p. V., Wood CO., OMo : on the E. bank of 
th«' Mnumee r., H^O ra. N. N. W. Columbus. 

MaviLLR, p. o., Kusk CO., Tea:. : 219 ra. N. E. Austin City. 

MiLWAUKiK county, WUc. Situate S. E., on Lake Michi- 
gan, and contains 25S sq. m. Drained by Oak cr. and Uoot 
and Milwaukie rivers. Surface gently rolling, with ;i slope 
toward the lake; soil highly produt;tivc. Com and wheat, 
with the Other grains, live-stock, beef, pork, and wool, are 
the farming staples and large exports. The co. was orig- 
inally heavily timbered, and is extensively engaged in the 
lumber trade. It has fine harbors, and a \Try large trade 
on the lake. The basis of the co. is limestone, which ftir- 
nishes an excellent building material and good lime. It has 
various and extensive manufactures, an<l exports great 
numbers of bricks of a superior kind. Farms 935 ; manuf. 
236; dwell. 5,G30, and pop.— wh. 30,OC)T, fr. col. 110— total 
51.077. C'ljntal: Milwaukie. ruUic Worlcs: Milwaukie 
and Mississippi E. E. ; Lake Shore R. E. ; Milwaukic and 
Fond du Lac R. R. ; plank-roads, etc. 

MiLWAUKiE, p. v., Clackamas co., Oreg.: on the E. bank 
of the Wlllaniette r., some 6 m. below the falls, and 37 m. 
N. E. Salem. It may be said to be at the head of slitp nav- 
igation on the Willamette. Above the v. the r. is unsuit^d 
to ship navigation. In a commercial point of view, this is 
an important site, and is a very prosperous \illage. 

MiLWAtiKiE, t, p. city, and cap. Mitwaukie co., Whc: 
on tlie "W. shore of Lake Michigan, 75 m. E. Madison. 
Lat- 45° 04', long. 87=^ 57'. Drained by Miiwaukie r. and 
branch, which former, running parallel with tlio lake, 
divides the t. Surface uneven, along the banks of Ihe river 
and lake hilly; soil rich and very productive. The shore 
on Lake Michigan consists of a bank of clay from 20 to 100 
feet high, and as nearly perpendicular as the nature of the 
material will admit of. The country risea gradually to the 
"W. Tlie city is the most important Xovra on Lake Michigan 
(except Chicago, which is some 90 miles farther S.), and is 
of some twenty years' growth. The inhabitants, of whom a 
large number are Dutch, Swiss, Norwegians, and Irish, are 
of a quiet, industrious turn. It is notet! tijr its splendid 
blfieks of buildings, and its superior hi-irJc^ which jintbably 
suri>as3 those of any part of our nation. They have become 
a valuable article of export, being hard, smooth, and of a 
beautifnl straw color. The Miiwaukie and Missi?sip|ji 
E. R. extends from here as far as -Jancsville, a distance of 
70 miles, and, when completed, will extend to Dubuque, 
thus connecting the lake with the Mississippi river. The 
city is situate on the river of same name, near its mouth, on 
an elevation, 90 ra. from Chicago, and 7S m. due E. from 
Madison. It was laid out as a village in 1S.35, and such 
was the rapidity of Its increase, that in June of the succeed- 
ing ) ear it numbt-red l.'2't6 inhabitants. The bny is a semi- 
-Circular indentation of Lake Michigan, about G m. across, 
and 3 m. dtiep. The X. and S. points, or capes; protect the 
shipi)ing (Vom the effects of all storms and gales of wind, 
except from the E., which seldom occur. The bottom is 
comf/i^se*! of clay, affording excellent anchorage ground. 
There are 39 sail vessels owned in and sailing out of this 
port, of which the total tonnage is 5,542; also stock in 
Bteamboats an<l propellers of 3,000 tons, making the total 
tonnage owned in ttic port 8,542. Sixteen sail of veSielsare 
engaged exclusively in the lumber trade, and the remainder 
hi freighluig produce and merchandise. The arrivals dur- 
ing the season of IS^^ were, steamboats, 4 9S; propellers, 
243; barke and brigs, lift; schooners, 511; making a total 

81 



of 1,176. The exports of wheat from 1S45 to 1S49 inclusive, 
was 4.372.400 busliels, as follows: 1S45, 133,310; 1S46, 
292,223; 1^47, 662.211; 1S4S, 1,070.134; 1849. 2,208,517 
bushels, being an increase at the rate- of moru than 100 per 
cent, per annum. There are invited in mauufactoriea 
ovi-r two million of dollars, the prodUL-ts of whic-h consist 
of woolen goods, machinery, castings, carriagfs, wagons, 
leather, lumber, cabinet-ware, tin, sheet iron, and copper 
manufactories, saddles and harness, soap and randies, Imrr 
mill-stones, steam-boilers, sails, rigging, jdows, fanning, 
mills, jmpcr, clothings, smithings, tobacco, and segars, bof)k- 
binding, coopers' wares. brif,k, etc. In addition to this, 
there are 5 flouring mQIs, propelled by water-power, and 1 
by steam containing 17 runs of stones, each run capable of 
turning out SO to 100 barrels of flour per day, and eousum- 
ing in all 7,000 bushels of wheat daily. The imports 
amount to near four million dollars annually, consisting 
chiefly of merchandise, salt, furniture, coal, lime, plaistcr, 
fruits, lumber, etc. The exports, amounting to two and a half 
million dollars annually, consist of wheat, barrels of flour, 
pork, beef. lead, shot, hides, and sundry manufactured arti- 
cles. There is a United States land office situate here. 
The " Wisconsin Ranner,^ daily, tri-weekly, and weekly 
(dem.), " Taglieher Yollcsfreund," daily and M'eekly (dera.), 
'' Conunercia! Advertiser," daily, tri-weekly, and weekly 
(dem.), "Miiwaukie Sentinel," daily, tri-weekly, and weekly 
(whig), '' Free Democrat," daily, tri-weekly, and weekly 
(free soil), tri-weekly, and weekly " Wisconsin," daily 
(dem.), arc the names of newspapers published here. The 
progress of the city has been most remarkable. In 1S34 it 
was surrounded by a wilderness, and contained only two 
log-houses, since which time it has increased rapidly. In 
1810. tliere were 1.700 inhabitants ; 1842, 2,700 ; 1S4G, June 
1, 9,65.1; 1840, December 15, 15,071; 1850, the city, 20,061, 
but including the town, 21,461. 

MiLWAUKiE bay, THV. .- an inlet of Lake Miiiiigan. in 
the county so called. At the head of the bay is the city 
above described. 

MTLw^vl^K^^ river. Wise: a large stream rising by a num- 
ber of branches in Fond du Lac and Sheboygan counties, 
flows S. to Salisbury, E. to Fredonia, thence S. through 
VTashiugton and a p.irt of Miiwaukie co., empties into Mii- 
waukie Bay of Lake Michigan at Slilwaukie City, from 
which point tlie Miiwaukie and Mississippi R. R. diverges. 

MiNA. t, and p. v., Cbautauquc co., ^A'; Y. : "W. pari of co., 
313 ra. W. by S. Albany. Drained by French cr. Finley'a 
Lake is in W. part of t. Surface uneven; soil of good 
quality. It contains a few mills and muimfactories, and 
several dwellings. The Tillage is situate in N. E. part, on 
French cr., and has some neat dwellings, and a number of 
stores and workshops. Pop. of t. 996. 

MiNAviLLE, p. 0., Montgomery co., 271 T.: S3 m. JT. W. 
Albany. 

MiNDKV, p. o.. Rusk CO., Tex. : 223 m. N. E. Austin Citj» 

M[nui:n, p. v., Claiborne par.. La. : on an outlet of Lake 
Ristenean, 103 m. N. W. Baton Rouge. It cnntains a court- 
house, jail, a number of dwellings, and some workshops. 
The " Min.len Herald," a weekly issue, is published here. 

MiNDEX, t. and p. o., Montgomery county, y. Y.: 53 to; 
W. N. W. Albany. Bounded on the N. and E. by the 
Mnhawk r. and Erie Canal, by which and Ot.^quake cr. it 
is drained. Surface variable, in parts hilly; soil various, 
rich in the valleys, and very productive. There are a num- 
ber of manufactories, mills, and some workshops here. 
Pop. of t. 4,623. 

MtNPKN-viLi.E, p. 0., Montgomery county, X. Y. : 53 m. 
W. N.W.Albany. 

Mixn Creek, p. o., Hempstead co., Arl\ : 109 pi. S. W. 
Little Rock. 

Mini; Kill Falls, p. o., Schoharie co., K Y.: 89 m. W. 
Albany. 

Mink La JfoTTE, p. v., Itadison co,, 3f\: on a branch 
of St Francis r., 123 m. S. E. by E. Jefferson City. There 

4S1 



MIN 



MIN 



is an exlciisivc lend mine here yielding T2 per cent, pure 
metal. The ores arc easily reduced, and G ounces uf sil\ tT 
is procured per ton. The carltonate is reduced by means 
of a blast furnace. Copper and zinc ores are found hi the 
vicinity: ■}n(inganes€^r\:?> are also very abundant, and in 
time will be suuglil after with nnich avidity. Cobalt hag be- 
come an olijeet of exploration. It is found associated with 
nickel, in (be furm of the sulphurct, or the black oxide. An 
api>aralus fortius prepanition of cobalt oxide has been fitted 
up at the mine, and it is eslinialed that the tract will pro- 
* duc<? from :',,l)0;) to 5,0ll0 pounds of the article per aimum. 
Cobalt is an invaluable arlicie in the maiuifacture of porce- 
lain and pottei'v, all the blue colors of which are derived 
from it. 

MiNEKAL Point, t, p. v., and cap. Iowa co.. Wise. : 4^ m. 
S. W. Madison. Urained by head branches of Pecatonica r. 
Surface merged ; soil fertile, and very productive, with a 
basis of limestone. There are a number of farms and sev- 
eral dwellings iu the t. The v. is on a branch of Pecatonica 
r., and contains, besides the usual public buildings, a U. S. 
land oflke, a number of slores and dwellings, and a few 
worksh'ipa. Lead and copper of an excellent quahty are to 
be found here in abundance; there are several furnaces 
used for smelting. Pop. of t 2,554. 

Mineral Spring, p. o., Anderson disU, ^. Car. ; 114 m. 
W. N. W. Columbia. 

MiNEKAL SpRLNGS, p. o., Bexar CO., Tex. : 77 m. S. Austin 
■City. There is a spring here, whose waters have for ages 
been held in high estimation by tlie aborigines for their 
medicinal qualities." 

MiNEiiAL Springs, p. v.^ Columbia co., J'Zor. .* on the S. 
aide of Suwanee r., 71 m. E. Tallahassee. 

Mineral Springs, p. o., Lowndes co., Ga.: 156 m. S. 
Milled geville. 

MiNEKSviLLE, p. b., Scbuylklll CO., Perm.: 41 m. N. E, 



IlarFisburg. It contains about 125 dwellings, several stores 
and. one newspaper, the "Minersville Bulletin,'' is issued 
weekly. There are a number of anthracite coal mines in 
the vicinity. Pop. about 1,000. 

Minersville, p. v., M'UowcU CO., K Car.: at head of 
Cane cr.. 175 m. W. Ilaleigh. 

MiNFRVA, p. T.. Iloustoii CO., Go. .' at the source of Eeaver 
cr., C'2 m. S. W. Milledgeville. 

Minerva, p. v., Mason counly, Sp.:'72 m. E. N. E. 
Frankfort. 

Minerva, t. and p. v., Essex co., X. Y. : 79 m. N. J W. 
Albany. Drained by Hudson r., and Boreas, Cedar, and 
Indian rivers, its forks. Surface hilly, in parts miMint;uii- 
ous, the Adirondack Mountains being silnati- here. In the 
valley is to be found some fertile land. A\'aler-power is 
good ; there are several mills and some manufaelures here. 
The V. in which the posl-oIBce is situate is in the S. E. part 
of the t Pop. of the t. 5S6. 

MtNERVA. p. v., Stark co., Ohin: on the line of the Sandy 
and Beaver Canal, l(l7 ul E. N. E. Columbus. It contains 
several stores, and about 450 inhabitants. 

Mi>'etto, p. 0., Oswego co., A'. Y. : 137 m. N. W. Albany. 

Mingo Flat, p. <>., Randolph co., Virg.: 137 m. N. W. 
Eichmond. 

Mimsink, t, and p. v.. Orange co., y. Y. : 97 m. S. S. "W. 
Albany; Bounded on the E. and S. E. by Wallkill, by 
which and its branches it is drained. Surface in the W. 
hilly and in the E. varied, being partly covered by what is 
termed the droimied lands; soil in parts fertile and pro- 
ductive. There are in the t. a Inrge number cf mills, sev- 
eral manufactories, and a variety of stores. The New York 
and Erie Pi. Pl. crosses the N. W. part of the t. The v. is 
near the "Wallkill, and has several stores and workshops. 
'\\'esttown is the name of a post-office in the S. part. Popu- 
lation of t. 4,U72. 



THE TERRITORY OF MINNESOTA. 

Minnesota occupies *' all that part of the territory of the Tnited States which lies within the following limits, to wit: 
beginning in the Mississippi Kiver, at the point where the line of 43° 30' of north latitude crosses the same ; thence 
rujining due wt'st an said line, which is the northern boundary of the State of Iowa, to the north-west cnnier of the said 
Stale of Iowa; thence southerly along the western boundary of the said State to the point where the said boundary strikes 
the Missouri Piver; thcnee up the middle of the main channel of the Missouri Kiver to the mouth of the White-earth 
Eivcr; thence up the middle of the main channel of the Whiie-earth River to the boundary line between the possessions 
of (he United Stales and Great Britain ; thence east and south of east along the boundary line between the possessions of 
the United States and Great Britain to Lake Superior; thence in a straight line to the northernmost point of ihe State of 
"Wisconsin iu Lake Superior; thence along the western boundary line of said State of Wisconsin to the Mississippi Kiver; 
thence down the main channel of said river to the place of beginning.*' — Act of Coiigre^a, 8d March, 1849. Within this 
territory Ihc area may be computed at 140,000 or 150,000 square miles; according to the census report it is only S3,000 
square miles, which is evidently an error. 

This immense region is bountifully watered by the Mississippi, of which it contains the true sources, the Minnesota, the 
Missouri Kiv<'r, and the Red Kiver of Ihe north, and their numerous tributary' streams, ^hicli traverse it in every part. 
There ^rc also innumerable bodies of fresh water, which abound in fish of various kinds, the white fish especially being 
found in great numbers in the more uorllum or large lakes. The general character of Minnesota is that of a high rolling 
prairie, but the streams and lakes are bordered with heavy bodies of timber, which contain every species of wood known 
along Ihe Mississippi below, except beech and sycamore. At a point about S miles above the Falls of St. Anthony, west 
of the Mississippi, commences a large and remarkable forest, which exten<l3 to the south nearly at a right an^le acrc»ss Ihe 
Minnesota, or SL Peter's Kiver, to the branches of the Makato, or Blue-earth River. This vast boily of woodland is more 
than 120 miles in length anrl from 15 to 40 in breaiith. JIany beautiful lakes of limpid water are found within its limits. 
In this fine country are lo be found all Ihe requisites to sustain a dense population. The soil is of great fertility aiid un- 
usual depth, covered as it is with the mold of a thousand years. The soil of Minnesota, indeed, is admirably adapted to 
the cultivation of all the cereal grains. Wheat, oats, and barley are safe crops, even as far north as the Red Kiver settle- 
ment on the British line. The country is destined to become a great ngricuUural region, and its prairies are well calcu- 
lated for the raisintr of stock. There is also such an extent of water-power Ihroiigbout its broad surface that no reason 
can be ptreeived why manufactures would not flourish also. The reports of those scientific men who have explored the 
country justify the belief that the territory is rich in cojiper ores, and also in galena or lead ores. Whether coal exists is a 
problem yet to be sidved. If it should be found in any cousiderublo quantities, the discovery will be of more real ad- 
Tantage than the richest mines of silver and gold. 

On tlK^upper portion of the Mississippi and St. Croix valleys lies the great region of pine which has been nnd will con- 
tinue to be a great source of wealth to the Territory and State for centuries to come. The manufacture of pine lumber 
already occupies a large part of the industrial labor of the people. Much of this is needed for home consnmpiion, caused 
by the rapid increase of population, but the larger portion is sent to St. Louis, where it meets with a ready s;de. The 
Gllm^c of Minnesota is not subject to sudden variations, especiallv in winter. Although in some years the snow falls to a 
^2 , "» 



MINNESOTA, 



great depth, yet, as n fr^ncral rule, it is far less than is experience*} in Now Knfflmv] or tlie nortlicrn part of the State of 
New York. Tbe comparative absence of nioisture in the country is .'itiribiil;il>le, douljtlcs?, to ihe fact tliat no very large 
bodies of waler are to be found, nUhough. as beforL* stated, small lakes abfuind. PurliiE; the coldest weather in winter the 
air is perfect Iv* still ; consoQuently the weather is much more tolerable, and evi*n pleasant, than t-cmld he supposed by those 
who reside in the same la'ilude on the Atlantic coast. The navisntioii of the Mississippi, how.-ver, is imH to be relied on 
after Uie first week in Dccetnber, and slcamboals arrive in the spring about tho middle of April, so that the river may be 
considered as closi^'d about five months in the year. 

Minnesota, in iS50, according to the census of that year, was divided into nine counties, the general statistics of which 
and the capitals of each were as follows: 

Counlies. Dwelt. Pop. j^|7i'k Fsulf" Caiii!;ils. I Cnunlies. nwell. Fop. f,^]'^^ y'^v'u'. Capitals. 

Benton , 71 ... 4!8 ... 20 ... 1 ... Sauk liaplds ! Ramsey 3S4 ... 2,227 ... W ..,-... St. Paul 

Wabashaw ....... 55... 24-3... 8....... — 



Dakotah TS . . . 6S4 ... — ...- ... Fort Snelling 

Itasca 23... 97 ... 36 ...-,. . — 

Mankatah 10... 15S ... 4 ...... . — 

Pembina ISS .. . 1,134 ... 17 ...-.,. . Pembina 



Wahnahta 2r> ... liiO . . 5 . 

Washington .ICl ... 1.0J6 ... 4S . 



The whole number of dwellings in the Terrritory wa&, at the above dnte, 1,003, of families 1,016, and of inhabitants 
6.077, viz. : whites 6,03S — males 3,695, and females 2.34:3 ; and of free colored persons 39— males 21, and females IS. Of the 
whole populatirm. there were (fee/ ami dmnh — wh. 0. fr. col. — total ; Uind — wh. 0, fr. en]. — total ; ins<tne — wh. 0, 
fr. col. — total 0; and idiotic — wh. 1, fr. col. — totall. The number of free persons bom in the United States was 
4,007 ; the number of foreign birili. 2,n-4S ; and the number of birth miknown, 22. The native population oriijinated as 
roliows : Maine 8(35, X. llamp. 47, Verm. UiU. Mass. 92, II, I. 3, Conu. 4S, N- York ■4'i-S, X. Jer. 115, Penn. L'27, Del. 3, Md. 
SI. Dist. orCol. 3, Virg. R9. N. Car. 6, S. Car. 4, Ga. 4, FInr, 0, Ala. C, Mnss. 0, La. 4, Tex. U, Ark. 11, Teun. 21, Ky. 71, 
Ohio 291. Mich. 41, Ind. 35. II!. JGS, Mo. 9M, la. SI, Wise. 3ol, Calif. 1, and territories 7 ; and Ihe forfif/n popul,*ition was 
coniposed of persons from — Kngland &4, lrela«d 271, Scotland 89, Wales 2, Germany 141. France 29, Holland 16. Spain 
1, Portugal 0, Uelgium 1, Turkey 0. Italy 1, Austria 1, Swil3:erland 32, Kussia 2, Norway 7, Denmark 1, Sweden 4, Prussia 
5, Sardinia 0, Greece 0, China 0, Asia 0, Africa 0, IJrilish America 1,417, Mexico 0, South America 0, Central America 0, 
"West Indies 0, Sandwich Islands 0, other countries 4. 

The statistics of l^e wealth, industry, inslituli'ms, etc., of the Territory, according to the'seventh'census of the United 
States taken in 1:^0, and other official returns referring to the same period of lime, are as follows: 

Occupied Lands^ etc. — Improved farm lands 5,035 acres, and unimproved lands 23.S46 acres, valued in cash at $16I,94S ; 
number of farms under culiivation, 157 ; value of farming implements and machinery, $lo,9-^l. 

Livf-Stfn:^-. — Horses S60, asses and mules 14, milch cows 607, working oxen 656; otiier eatile 740, sheep SO, and swine 
5'34 — valued in the aggregate at $92,^59. 

Animal Piutditctn. — Wool 85 pounds, butter 1,100 pounds, cheese pounds; and the value of animals slaughtered 
during the year had been $2,S40. 

Grain and Food Crcps. — Wheat 1,401 bushels, rye 125 bushels, Indijui corn 16,725 bushels, oats 38,5S2 bushels, barley 
1,216 bushel'*, and buckwheat 515 bushels. Peas and beans were produced to the amount of 10,(t02 bushels, and potatoes 
•—Irish 21,145 bushels, anil sweet 200 bushels. 

Miscdkineous Crops. — Hay 2.019 tons, maple sugar S.P.'O pounds; value of the produce of market gardens $150. 

J/'(i7H//;c?«;v.Si, of course, can not be looked for in so young a comniunily as that of Mirmesoia. Accordiiiir tr) the census 
there were in the Territory on]y Jive industrial establishments producing to Ihe vaUie of .■fSOO and upward annuaUy. 
The contmerce of the country is wholly carrietl on by means of steamboats navigating its rivers, au'l there is some over- 
land intercourse maintained between the Pembina settlement on the r.e*l lliver and (he soulh-ejisteru towns, but to no 
great amoimt Kegular steamers ply between St. Louis ami St, Paul ria Fevrc Itiver. etc. 

Goteni7n^nt.^T\w government is based on the act of Congress eoiistilutiiis the Territory, passed SOth March, 1849. 
This act gives the right of suffrage to every free while male inhabitant 21 years old, and wiui has taken an oath to , 
support the Constitution of the United States and the act forming the Constitution of the Territory. AH electors are 
eligible to be elected. 

The Le'jidatnre consists of a Council and House of Representatives. The Council has 9 members elected in districts 
by a fdurality ot votes, for two years, and the House IS members elected for one year. The legislature may increase the 
number of councilors to 15, and the number of rejiresetUatives to 39. Members of either body mus! reside in tlteir district, 
and every district shall be represented according to its popidalion after ded ueting Indians. No session of the Legislative 
Assembly shall exceed sixty days. No law shall be passed interfering with the primary disposal of the soil ; no Uix shall 
be imposed on the property of Ihe United States; nor shall the property of non-residents be taxed higher than that of 
residents. All laws shall be submitted to Congress, and if disapproved shall be null. 

The Govtvnrtr is appointed by Ihe President and Senate for four years, and until his successor be appointed and 
qualified, unless sooner removed l>y Ihe President. He is ex-officlo superintendent of In. ban alTirirs. and eommander-in- 
chief of the mihti.i. He may grant pardons for offenses against territorial laws, and reprieve, nniil liio (iecision of the 
President be known, for offenses against the laws of the United Stales. His veto may be defeated by a snbsequcnt two- 
Ihird vote of the Legislative Assembly. The Secretary of the Territory, whose moile of appoinlment and tenure of 
office, is the same as the Governor's, would assume his functions in case of his absence, or the vacation of his office. 

The jndiciarij consisis of a Supreme Court, District Courts, etc. The Supretne Court consists of a Chief Justice and 
two associatos, appointed by tlie President and the Senate for four years, any two of whom constitute a quorum, and hold 
an annual term at the seal of govemmenl. The TerriU)ry is divided into three dislricls. in eaeh of whieh one of the three 
justices reside, and huld a District Court, having the jurisdiction of Ihe Cnited Slates District and Cireuit Courts in all 
cases arising utider the laws or constitution of the United States, for jury trials, subject to appeal to the Supreme Court, in 
which issues at law only are heard. From the Supreme Court writs of error ami appeals lie to the Supreme Court of the 
United States (as from a Circuit Court), where the nwtter in dispute exceed.-* in value $1,000. Both Ihe District and 
Supreme Courts possess chancery powers. Justices of the peace have no jnrit^dielion where tlie lille or boundaries of 
land are in dispute, or where the sura claimed cxcwds $liH(. An attorney an<i nuirj^hal of the Territory are appoiuie<I by 
the President and Senate for four years. Inhabitants of the Territory are secured all Ihe rights heretofore granted lo the 

483 



MIN 



ms 



inhabttjints of Wisconsin, and Die Inws of 'Wisconsin, at the date of its admission as a State, so far as compaKbteWiih the 
prc-aent organization, until repealed or motUfled. A delegate to the House of Kepresentaiives In Congress is choson by a 
plurality of votes for two years. 

Tlie.A'"'^'«CT<^; condition of the Territory jg exhibited in the official reports to the IstJamiary, 1S52: Territorial taxes 
for 1851), collected $501 41. and delinquent ^271 Os, or a total of ^S32 49 ; territorial taxes for 1S51, due. etc.. $1.'2§2 SI— 
making a total revenue for IS50 and "51 amounting to :f2,U4 SO. Warranla drawn on the Treasury, in 1S50, $1,1S1 50, 
and in 1851 :J350— total for the two years $2,0-51 50. Excess of revenue, including unpaid tax, $83 30. 

The tiiiiitia force of Minnesota, in 1S50, consisted of 2,003 men of all arms, of whieh 7 were commissioned officers, and 
1,906 non-commissioned officers, musicians, arliflcers, and priyates. Of the commisaioued officers 2 were general officers, 
and 5 general staff officers. 

Education. — Schools are established in the more thickly populated sections, and are supported chiefly by local tax. 
The ITniled States Govommeni appropriates also $12,000 to the purposes of education. Two sections of the laud from 
every township are reserved for the support of schools — in the older settled Slates only one section in each town was thus 
set apart Congress also appropriated $20,000 for a public library. 

Heligious Deiiominatiojw.'—l'hQ census of 1S50 does not record any thing respecting the denominations in this 
Territory. The following arc from the annual reports of the several churches: The liomau Catholics, in 1S53, had 7 
churches, and 10 clergymen, cliiefly employed on missions. The Territory was erected into the Koman Catholic diocese 
of St. -Paul, on the 2Sth June, 1850. The Episcopalians have a church at St. Paul, and several others in different parts, 
and are under a missionary bishop. The Methodists and Baptists have also congregations, and perhaps number larger 
than any of the other seels, bat it seems thai the newness of the settlements, or distance from the central establishments, 
has prevented the usual reports being sent in. So little, indeed, is known of the religious condition of the people of 
Minnesota, that it were perhaps better to advance no opinion on the subject until reliable information can be obtained. 

Kor is there any definite information respecting the public press. The census is silent on this point, but there are at St. 
Paul at least two newspnpers, and others may or may not be published elsewhere. Kor have any records of crime and 
pauperism as yet been published. 

Jlistcn'rat Sketch. — Previous to Minnesota being erected into a Territory by the Act of Congress of 3d March, 1849. that 
portion of it east of the Mississippi River formed a pari of AViseonsin Territory, and that west of that river a part of Iowa 
Territory. The Territory derives its name from winni'mUi?i, the Indian name for St. Peter's Kiver — mi?mi in their lan- 
guage meaning "water," and .so^//i '-nmddy or slightly turbid."' The countr>' originally belonged to the Frt^nch by 
priority of discovery. At an early period their traders, missionaries, and soldiers had penetrated into the western wilder- 
ness. The Ignited Slates had little authority in this region imtil 1S12. In 1816 a law of Congress excluded foreigners 
from the Indian trade, and for the encouragement of our own citizens the militaiy post at Fort Snelling was established m 
1819. Among the explorers of this counlrj" the names of Car\"er, Pike, Cass, Long, Beltrami, Schoolorafl, Nicollet, Owen, 
etc., will ever be intimately connected with its history. The honor of verifying the sources of the Mississippi belongs to 
Schoolcraft The Territorial Govcmraenl was organized by Governor Eanisey. The first legislature, which adjourned 
after a session of 60 days on the 1st November, 1S49, was chiefly employed in consolidating the goverjiment and dividing 
the Territory into suitable civil districts, and appointing civil officers to enforce the laws. Among its most important acta 
were tliose establishing the judiciar}', a school system, and relative to the improvements of the roads. All these will hare 
a paramount influence over the future destiny of the country. Perhaps one of the most humane and politic acts of tho 
legislaiuri! was the admission to citizenship of " all persons of a mixture of white and Indian blood who shall have 
adopted the habits and customs of civilized men;*' and not less politic is that law which requires the establishment ot 
schools throughout the Territory. The act of the General Government, erecting the Tcrritnn'. appropriates two sections 
in every township for the support of common schools. No other State had previously received more than one section in 
each township for such purpose. In June. 1849, the citizen population numbered 4,730 ; iu June, 1S50, it had increased, 
to 6,ii77 — a fact which speaks well for the future progress of this rising Territory. 

•'Congress may hereafter divide said Territory, or annex aily portion of it to another State or Territory. — Ac£ qf 
Conff?'esSy Sd March, 1&49. 

St. Paul, on the left bank of the Mississippi P.iver, is the political capital of the Territory. 



MiNOT, t. and p. o., Cumberland county, 3A'. : 31 m. 
S. W. by W. Augusta. Drained by Little Androscoggin r. 
and its branches, which afford excellent hydraulic power. 
Surface diversifled; soil fertile, and well cultivated. The 
inhabitants are chiefly employed in agricultural pursuits. 
There are a number of mills here, and it is important for its 
manufactories. The v. of West Minot is in the N. ^V. part 
of the t., on a branch of the Little Androscoggin r. and on 
the line of the Bu--kfleld Branch K. E. (wliich crosses the 
Vr. part of the t.) 9 m. from Buckfleld. Po]). of the 1 1,784. 

MiNSTT.R, p. v., Auglaize co., Ohio: on the Miami Canal, 
122 m. N. Cincinnati, and f.S m. "W. N. W. Colnmbus. 

MiNSi Saoaigoning, or Millk Lacs, Minn.: a circular 
lake lying in Ramsay and Ivtrdering on Washington County 
79 m. N. St. Paul. Its principal outlet is Rum r. on the S., 
which empties into the Mississijipi. 

MiNTONsvjLLE, p. V., Gates CO., y. Car. : 12S m. E. N. E. 
Raleigh. 

Mint Spring, p. o., Augusta co,, Yirg. : 98 m. "W. N. "W. 
Richmond. 

MiBAiiH.E, p. o., Caldwell county, J/". .- 129 m. N. "W. 
Jefl'ersnn City. 

MiRANUA, p. V.J Rowan co., iV. Car.: 108 m. W. by S. 
Raleigh. 

4S1 



MiRicKTiLLE, p. 0., Erlstol CO., Mass. : 35 m. S. Boston. 

Misery river, Mich. : rises in a pond in the "W. part of 
Houghton County, flows N. "VT., and empties into Lake 
Superior. 

MisuAWAKA, p. v., St Joseph CO., Ind, : on the line of 
the Northern Indiana R. R., and on the S. side of the St 
Joseph's r., 131 m. N. Indianapolis. 

MismcoTT, p. v., Manitouwoc co., TF?5C. : W. side of 
E:ist Twin r.. 121 m. X. K. Madison. 

MispiLioN, hundred, Kent eo., Z>^2. .- hetween Mispilion 
and Mother Kill creeks, which flow into Delaware B.iy, 
13 m. S. Dover. Area, 72.530. It contains several stores, 
mills, and manufactories, and a number of mechanic shops. 

Misni.ioN creek, Del.: rises in the N. part of Sussex 
CO., flo'ning N. E. divides it f^om Kent, and empties into 
Delaware Bay. 

Missionary Station, p. v., Floyd co., Gn.: on the N. 
side of Coosa r., 157 m. N. TV. by W.^Milledgeville. 

MissACKER county, Mich. Situate N. centrally on Lower 
Peninsula, and contains 576 sq. m. Drained by branches 
of Manistee and Maskegon rivers, which flow into Lake 
Michii^an. I'norganized. 

Mission Point, p. o., La Salle co.ylU.: 130 m. N. N.E. 
Springfield. 



ms 



MIS 



Missions San Jose, p. o,, Contra Costa co., Calif. : 2b m. 
S. Viillejo. 

MissisynE bay, Venn.: a large sheet of water, an arm of 
Lake Clianiplain. extemiing into Canada, betwei-n Swanion 
and Hiirligate E., and Albany Vif. On the Canada lint- ils 
widtb is about 5 ni., and extends N. the same distance. It 
covers an 'nrea of 35 square miles. Several streams flow 
into it, tlu* jirinetpal of whicli is the one so called. 

MiBfiistiiTi river, Venn, : this erouked river rises in the 
hilly part of Lowell, flows N. through Westfleld and Truy 
into Canada, wln.ire it receives a large slreani from the 
N. E. ; running W. several miles, it retnrns into Vermont 
through Uiehford, and after a westerly course through F.erk- 
shire, Enosburg, Sheldon, Iligligate, and Swantoii, returns 
N. into Iligligate, and empties into Missisque Bay, Lake 
Champlain, at Iligligate, near the Canada line. At Enos- 
burg it reoeivw Trout n, besides which Black cr. and Tay- 



lor's Branch are ils must important tributaries, affording a 
number of valuable mill-sites. ILs length, incbiding wind- 
ings, is about 75 miles. It has a number of falls in ils course. 
Navig;d»le for vessels of 50 Inns burden to S^anfou Falla, 
distant G m., where there is extensive hydraulic power. 

MissisyiNAW.\, t. and p. o., Darke en,, Ohio: 94 m. 
^\. by X. Columbus. Drained by Mississinawa r. Surface 
h'vel; soil fertile, adapted to grain. Dancmnra v. is in the 
E. part of the t. on Mi?sissinawa r. r<^'p. of t. H78. 

Missi&siNAWA river, Ind. : rises in W. part of l)nrko co., 
Ohio, flowing in aN. W. course into Indiana, passed through 
the eounlies of liandolph, Delaware. Grant, and W.ab:ish, 
andemi)ties into the Wabash river, in Miami co.. a short 
distance below Peru. It fori s one of tlic principal irilju- 
tarics of the Waba.sh river. Its upper parts furnish good 
mill-seats, and its lower is navigable at high water fur boats 
of 10 tons burden. 



THE STATE OF MISSISSIPPI. 

Mississippi is bounded on the north by Tennessee, on the east by Alabama, on the souih by the Gulf of Mexico and 
Louisiana, and on the west by Pearl and Mississippi rivers, which sejjarale it from Louisiana and /Vrkansas. Like 
Alabama, it has a narrow strip of land about 90 miles long and oO miles wide, south of the main body of the State to the 
Gulf ()f Mexico, Independently of this tract, it lies between .Sl^ and 35'^ latitudes north, and extends from SS*^ 12' to 
9P 30' longitudes west from Grt-enwieU, or 11° 10' and 14° 31' from Washington. In the north, the width is about 116 
miles, but it expands pretty regularly to 1&9 miles iu the south, and it3 length, exclusive of the strip above mentioned, is 
about 2T6 miles, comprising an area of 47,150 s<)uare miles. 

The surface of Mi.ssissippi has a general slope to the south-west and to the south, as appears from the course of the 
rlvt-rs : but a small section sends otf its waters to the south-east. There are no mount^iins within the lindts of the State, 
yet numerous ranges of hills of moderate elevation give to the greater part of the surface an undi. nling and diversified 
characU-r; some of these eminences terminate abruptly upon a level plain, or upon the banks of a river, and bear the 
nam<s of blufls or river hills. The western border on the Mississippi is an extensive region of swamps ; and between the 
Mississippi and Taztjo there is a tract of 170 miles in length by 50 in width, with an area of nearly 7,000 square miles 
annually overflowed. ''The broaxl and extensive low grounds or flats between Memphis and Vicksbnrg, are subject to 
fi-equent inundations to the depth of many feet, and a width of from 10 to 20, and even occasionally 30 miles. Much of 
the surface is occupied by swamps, morasses, lagoons, slashes, etc., through which the Yazoo River has its course; the 
whole of which, from the junction of the Cold Water and Tallahatehee rivers, lies between this valley region. From the 
circumslances already detailed, this extensive tract has been denominated by some the Mississippi, and by others the 
Tazoo Swamp. During the prevalence of high floods, it assumes the character of a marine forest rather than that of a 
woodland bottom." The south-eastern counties are generally low, but have an undulating surface ; and the southern part 
of the State, generally for about li'O miles from the Gulf of Mexici, is mostly a sandy level country, covered with a pino 
forest, interspersed with cypress swamps, prairies,, water-marshes, and a few hills of slight elevation. 

Every portion of the State is well watered ; clear and running streams penetrate it in every direction, and its rivers are 
numerous and wide-spreading. The Tennessee Piver laves the north-eastern comer, and the Tonibigbee, which rises in this 
section, has been navigated by steamboats to Aberdeen, in Monroe County. The Mississippi washes the whole western border 
for a distance, by the circuitous course of ils channel, of 530 miles, but in a straight line of not half that distance. Krom 
Memphis, just above the northern fronlicr of Mi.ssissippi, to Vicksburg, a distance of 450 miles, the uplands or ri vi_r hills are 
separated from tlje river by inundated bottoms of greater or less width, and afford no site suitable for a port : bt/low 
Vicksburg, the only eligible port is Xatehez, 100 miles south, and below this point there is no bsink of much magnitude 
above the reach of high water till we come to talon Pouge, in Louisiana. The Mississippi, however, receives several 
considerable streams from the most valuable part of the State. The Yazoo is formed by the junetion of the Yallabusha 
and Tallahatehee, whiih rise in the northern p:irt of the State, near the head waters of the Tombigbee, and flows into 
the Mississippi 12 miles .above Vicksburg, after a course of '200 miles, 50 miles of which are navigaide for lar^e boats. 
Big Black iiiver is next in point of size, and enters the Mississippi immediately above Grand Gulf by a mouth 40 yards 
wide. Ils length is 200 miles, and it is navigated by steamboats for 50 miles. The Bayou Pierre and the llomnrhitto are 
the other principal tributaries of the Mississippi from this State ; the latter enters tiie Mississippi 43 miles below Natchez. 
The other rivers have a southerly course to the Gulf of Mexico and the lagoons connected with it The Amitie has but 
a small part of its course in Mississippi. The Pearl lUver rises near the centre of the State, and flows through a fertile 
and populous region into the Rigolets, or outlet of Lake Pontchartraiii. Below 31° north Iaiitu<le it divides the Slate from 
Louisiana, and h.aa been navigated by steamboats to -laekson. The Pascagoula waters the south-eastern section. It is 
formed by the confluence of the Chickasawba and Leaf rivers, and empties into the sound of the same name. It is 
navig:dilr for 50 miles for vessels of 6 feel dnift of water, and for boats 100 miles farther, but the bay at its mouth has only 
4 feet of water. 

The coast, which extends along the Gulf of Mexico for about GO miles, has no harbors except those of Mississippi City 
and Shieldsboro\ which, however, do notadmil large vessels. A chain of low sand islan<Is. six or seven miles from the 
shore, inclose several liays (.r sounds, the largestof which are Pascagoula Sound and Lake Borgne. Shiji and Cat islands 
are eligible stiitions for ocean steamers. The porls on the Mississippi are Vicksburg, Grand Gulf, and Natchez. 

The upper portion of the State is generally known as North Mississippi* though llie region thus designated includes a 
portion only of the nnrlh. This section of the State (the Chickasaw cession) came into market and cultivation some 
fincen years ago. The surface of the ground is rather rolling, but generally is very clean: has an open champaign 
appeiirance, and is beaulifully wooded with oak, hickory, etf., dt-void of umKrgrowlh. The uplamls produce very 
abundantly, but the substratum of the country being sandy, they are soon ruined by Ihe heavy rains. The valley lands, 
as they are termed, are much more durable, the soil being heavier and darker, and are highly productive ; but they are 



MISSISSIPPI. 



liable to be and frequently are submerged, acres at a lime, under billows of sand washed from the uplands during beavy 
frcshela. Cotton bas iiillierlo been thi- stajjle i)roduet. The chief outlet of this region is by wagons to Memphis. Another 
section of North Midsi-ssippi is ealU-il the " Prairie." or '■ Tombigbec" country, covering the north-east part of the State, 
and sweeping far down on the Alabama line. This countrj' is uniformly level, with scarcely a tree, covered by rant 
grass, doited someliuies with pools and marshes, and intersected by dull, sluggish branches. The soil is a dark, hi-avy 
loam, cn.il-black, and of surprising strength and furtiiity. The mold is different fnmi that of Lower Louisiana in this, 
thai it is more of un original and less of a depository character ; and also in being thick and highly adhesive,' instead of 
hglit and ashy, as the furmer. It is also corrosive and deeply impregnated with Hme— strong and apparently inex- 
haustible. The crc^ is aud ever will be cotton, of whith the yield is abundant. Com also yields profusely. This region, 
though lying by the Chickasaw counties, finds its market at Mobile by means of the Tombigbee liiver priii<i])any. Tho 
border couniits, down the Alabama line, change from the prairie and partake more of the character of the Chickasaw 
lands. It is a beautiful and bealtliy range of counties, finely watered, and produces cotton and the lighter grains. A 
large portion i>f the Stale is known as East Mississippi, which really includes the south-east and part of tlie southerD 
sections. Though one of the oldest, it is one of the thinnest settled p.irts of the Stale. The character of the land is mixed 
— some po()r and some very rich: br.iken hills and fertile valleys. Cotton is produced, but to no great extent; com and 
small grain abundantly, and sometimes rice ; it is also famnus Tor its cattle. Indeed, the region possesses many of the 
pleasant characteristics of a pastoral counlrj-. The natural market of this section is Mobile, although a small portion of 
its trade is done at Jackson, and some of it seeks New Orleans by way of Pearl River. The portion of the State border- 
ing on the sea-shore, witJi its bathing, fish, oysters, and pleasant summer retreats, is well known to the dust-covered 
denizens of New Orleans, and is becoming to the South what Newp'^rt and Cape May are to the North. Back from tho 
sea-coast is generally a sandy, broken tract, covered by quantities of fine pine, which is now being worked off tho land 
for timber and naval stores. The south-west and country above it is the oldest settled portion of the State; the soil is 
rich, and the population wealthy. Commencing some oO miles below the mouth of the Yazoo Kiver, inclining to the 
interior fur about loo miles in a line gently circling northward up through the centre, then diverging to the north-west to 
a point l)elow Memphis, is to be found as nobje a sweep of country as any in the world. It is washed by the Mississippi 
from Memphis to Yicksburg. and is intersected by the Yazoo, its he^id waters and tributaries, throughout its greatesi 
extent. The facilities for market are unequaled. The Yazoo Kiver running through nearly its whole extent, is an 
excellent stream, affording steam navigation as high as the south-west comer of Marshall County. The soil is of a most 
productive character, being, as it is called, swamp land. It possesses all the strength of the prairie lands without their 
adiieeive and corrosive nature. This region has but recently ci^nie into cultivation, it having hitherto been cwisidcred 
damp atul unhealthy; but this idea experience has much modified. One drawback on these lands, however, is their 
liabitity to overflow ("mm freshets in the Mississippi FLiver. The section last spoken of embraces the counties (^ Yazoo, 
Sunflower, Washington, Bolivar, Coahoma, Tunica, Tallahatchie, and a portion of De Soto, Panola, Yallabusha, Carroll, 
and Unlmes, and is generally known as the region of the " Kiver Counties." [Several valuable articles on the topography 
etc., of Mississippi will be found in " De ISaw's Industrml Jiemnrces,'" etc., volume II.] 
Mississippi is divided into 59 counties, the general statistics of which in 1S50 were as follows: 



NOETHEBN JUSSlSSIPi'I— TWENTY- TUCEE COCNTEES, 



CounliM. 


Dwell 


Pop. 


Attala 


.1,481. 


.10,999. 


Bolivar 


. 95.. 


. 2,.'>77. 


Carroll 


.1,441.. 


.18.491. 


Chickasaw.. 


.1.647.. 


.16,.S6S. 


Choctaw . . . . 


.1,4"5.. 


,19,1142. 


Coahoma . . . 


. 2(!0.. 


, 2.7S0. 


De Soto 


.1.641.. 


,19,042, 


Itawamt)a... 


.1,855.. 


.13,628, 


Lafavelte . . . 


.1.382.. 


,14,069, 


Lowndes 


.1.163.. 


,19,544. 


Marshall . . . 


.2.3116.. 


,29,G?9 


Monroe 


.1,676.. 


.21,172. 


Counties. 


Dwell 


Pop. 


Adams, 


.. 900. 


. .18,622 


AraitS 


.. 6ilO. 


.. 9,694 


Claiborne . . . 


.. 659. 


, ,14,941 


Clark 


.. 631. 


,. 5,477 


Copiah 


. .1,148. 


, .11,794 


Covington.. 


.. 34S. 


,, 3,-3.3S 


Fratiklin ... 


.. 44T. 


.. 5,904 


Greene 


.. 217. 


,. 2,018 


Hancock . . . 


.. 493. 


.. 8,672 


Harrison .. . . 


.. 727. 


.. 4,875 


Hinds 


..1,656. 


. .25,840 


Holmes 


.. 995. 


.18,923 


Issarpiona.. 


. 110. 


. 4,478 


Jackson ... 


. 440. 


. 8.196. 


Jasper 


. C74. 


. 6,184, 


Jefferson... 


. 514. 


,I3-,I93, 


Jones 


. 319. 


, 2,104, 


Kemper.... 


.1,249. 


.12,517, 


4St 







Farias, 
in culL 

..1,3.36. 
.. 57. 

. 980. 

.1,167. 

.1,1.32. 

. 101. 

.1,257. 

.1,499. 
. .1,044. 

. 725. 

.1,611. 

. 848, 



Farms 
in cult, 

.,136,. 
...510. 
...310. 
..500., 
..951.. 
...272. 
,..830, 
... 93, 
... 77. 
.. 84., 
.,853, 
..640., 
.. 76.. 
..213.. 
.,540,. 
..239.. 
..274.. 
..780.. 



.16. 
.49. 



.44 Kosciusko 

. Bolivar 

.45 Carrollton 

.29 Houston 

.17 Greensboro* 

. Delta 

.38 Hernando 

.Fulton 

,, Oxford 

,63 Columbus 

.54 Holly Springs 

,13 Athens 

BotrrnxBN inssissipri- 

"i'Tl: Capitiil.. 

Eittub, ' 

..15 Natchez 

.. 1.... Liberty 
..10.... Port Gibson 

.. 7 Quitman 

..21.... Gallatin 

. . 8 Williamsbg. 

.. 5 Meadvillo 

.. LeakvUle 

...11 Sliieldsboro* 

..19 Mississip. C. 

.. 8 Jackson 

.Lexinarlon 

.Tallulah 

. Jackson C.H. 

.Paulding 

.Fayette 

.EUisville 

.DcKalb 



ConiitieE 



Dwell. 



Noxubee 957, 

Oktibbeha.,.. 7«. 

Panola 891. 

Poutotoc 2,001. 

Sunflower 75. 

Tallahatchie.. S6S. 

Tippah 3,6.55. 

Tishnmingo.. 3,201. 

Tunica 78. 

Winston 806. 

Yallabusha... 1,491, 

: — TniHTT.6IX C0t7>TTE9, 



Pop, 


In ...It. 


K.l»l,. 


rMpilnln. 


,,16,299, 


,. 676, 


..81. 


. . Macon 


,. 9,171. 


. 560, 


..13.. 


.. Stark vilje 


..11,444. 


. eis. 


.. 0.. 


..Panola 


..17,112. 


.1,248. 


..32.. 


..Pontotoc 


,. 1,102. 


. 43. 


.. 0.. 


..M-Nutt 


.. 4.6(3. 


, 282, 


.. 0.. 


..Charleston 


..20,741. 


,1,890,. 


..26.. 


. .llipley 


. .15,490. 


.1,347. 


..16., 


. .Jacinto 


.. 1.314. 


. 41.. 


.. 0.. 


. . Austin 


.. 7,956. 


. S51.. 


..18.. 


..Louisville 


..17,253. 


. 872.. 


..32.. 


..Coffeeville 



..21. 
.. 0. 



.. 7 
.. 
.. 1 



Counties, 



Dwell. 



Lauderdale... 1,0118. 

Lawrence 613, 

Lcalie eST). 

Madi-sou 767, 

Marion 877, 

Neshoba 545. 



536. 
265. 
698. 
698. 
432. 



Newton. 
Perrv... 
Pike.,,, 
Rankin 
Scott, . . 

Simpson 526, 

Smith 515, 

Warren 1,2;?0, 

Washington., 126, 

Wayne 281, 

Wilkinson... 730. 
Yazoo 935. 



Pop. 

,. 8,717. 
. 6,478. 
. 5,5,33. 
..18,173. 
. 4,410. 
. 4,728. 
. 4,465. 
. 2.4SS, 
. 7,,360. 
. 7,227, 
. 8,961. 
. 4,784. 
. 4,071. 
.18,121. 
. 8,389. 
. 2,893. 
.16,914, 
,14,418. 



Fnrma Mannf. 
in cult. Kstab. 

..922. ...81.. 
..453. ...12.. 
..437..:. 4.. 
..552.... 10.. 
..822,... 7.. 
..436,... 0.. 
..350.... 0.. 
..1.31.... 0... 
..558. ...19.., 
..420.... 5.., 
..267. ...14.., 
..451.... 8... 
..423.... 8.. 
..435. ...25.. 
..109.... 0.. 
..162.... 0.. 
..404. ...18.. 
..464... .17.. 



Capitalf, 
..Marion 
,M>inticelIo 
, .Carthage 
, .Canton 
.Columbia 
.Philadelphia 
.Decatur 
.Augusta 
.Holmesville 
. Brandon 
.Hillsboro* 
.Wcstvillo 
.r.alcigh 
.Ticksl)urg 
. Greenville 
.Winchester 
.Woothillo 
.BenloQ 



MISSISSIPPI. 



The whole number of dwellings in the State was, at the above date, 51,G?I, of families 52,107, and of inhabitants 606,565, 
viz. : whites 295,7oS— males 15S.260, and females 139,-lOS. free colored SS9— males 473, and females 426 ; slaves 309,893. 
Of the whole piipulatiutt, there were (/''(ifund dumh — wh.Sl, fr. col. 1, si. 26— total lOS; blind — wh. ISn, fr. col. l,8l. 86 — 
total 217 : tJimnc—vih. 127. fr. col. 0, si. 22— total 149 ; and idlotic—wh. 141, fr. col. 5, si. 64— total 210. Tin- number of 
free persons born in the United Slates was 291,114 ; the number of foreign birth 4,9r)S, and of birth unknown 576 ; the 
native population originated as follows: Maine 139, X. Hamp. 100, Verm. 141. Mass. 339, U. I. 02, Cmm. 242, N. Yorfc 
952, N. Jer. 221, Tenn. 9SI, Del. 67, Md. 791, Dist. of Col. 93, Virg:. 40,777, N. Car. 17,009, S. Car. 2,910, 0:1. 1,-J54, Flor. 
€7, Ala. 2,(167, Mi-ssimippi 140,SS.i, La. 2,.557. Tex. 139. Ark. 456, Tenn. 27,439, Ky. 3,948, Ohio 5ll4. Mieli. 101, Ind. 413, 
III. 311, Mo. 303, la. 7, Wise. 4. Calif. 1, Territories 5; and ih^. foreign population was compfised of pi-rsons from — 
England 503, Ireland 1,92S, Scotland 317, "Wales 1", Germany 1.0G4, France 440, Spain 49, Porlugal 2. Brl-ium 3, Holland 
8, Italy 121, Austria 16, Swilzcrlaud 41. Russia 9, Denmark 24, Norway S, Sweden 14, Prussia 71. A-ia 2, Africa 6, 
British .\merica 79, Mexico 13, Central America 1, South America 4. West Indies 25, and iithcr countries 110. 

The following table will show the deceuuial progress of the population since the first census of the Slate, taken by the 
United Slates authorities in 130O: 

, ■ . , Total , ■ . 



:eii*ii9 


wr.lie 


YH.ir. 


Pfr„.,i.. 


1300 .... 


.... 5,179 


1810 .... 


.... 23,03+ 


18-20 .... 


.... 42,170 


1S30 .... 


. ... 70,443 


1^40 .... 


.... 171VI74 


1S50 


. . . . 293,75S 



Free. Slave. I'ltai, PoiiiOrtlion. Kutii'-Lnal. I'erceiiL 

1S2 8,439 3,S71 8,3.50 — — 

240 17.033 17,3-23 40,353 31.502 335.9 

4.55 3-2.314 33,-27-3 75,413 S5,ogii SG.9 



... 519 On.C-jO Ce,173 130.021 01,173 81.9 

... 1..30(i 193.211 190,.')77 376,651 23',l,n30 173.1 

... S99 309,-593 . .' 310,797 606,535 230,904 61.4 

The statistics of the wealth, iiulnstry, and institutions of the Stale, as exhibited by the seventh cens.ia uf the United 
StaU-s, talvun in 15.50, are as r..M.^ws: 

Occiipuyl Lanrh, etc. — Improved farm lands, 3,444,3.59 acres, and unimproved lands, 7,046,061 acres — valued together 
at ]f54, 733,634. Total number of farms untler cultivation Ist June, 1350, 33,960 ; in the Northern iJi.^tri(-t, 19,351 ; and in 
the Soulliern District, 14.109. Value of farming implements aiul machinery, $5,762,927. 

JJve-Stnrk. — Horses, 115.400: asses and mules, 54,547: mileh cows, 214.231: working o.xen, 83,435: other cattle, 
4S6,2.54; sheep, 304.929; and swine, 1,532.734 — valued in the aggregate at $19,403,662. According to the census of 1340, 
there were in the Stale at that date, 1.09,227 hoi-ses, mulcB, etc. ; 623,197 neat cattle of all kinds ; 123,367 *heep ; and 
1,001,209 sheep. 

/'/■(j,f;iobo/'^ltn'»in&.— -Wool. 559,619 (in 1840,17.5,196) pounds; butter, 4,-346,2S4 pounds : cheese, 21,191 pounds; and 
the \alue of animals slaughtered in the year was $3,636,582. The quantity of beeswax and honey produced was 397,460 
pounds. 

Grain C;-op«.— Wheat, 137-990 bushels; rye, 9,606 bushels; Indian corn, 22.446,552 bushels; oats, 1,503,288 bushels; 
barley, 229 bushels, and buckwheat, 1.121 bushels. Tiie crops of the several grains, according to the census of 1840, were 
—wheat. 196,626 Inishels; rye, 11,444 bushels; Indian corn, 13,161,237 bushels; o.ats, 663,624 bushels ; barley, 1,6.54 bushels; 
and buckwhe.1t, 61 bushels. 

Otiier Fond Crops.— UXcfy, 2,719,856 bushels ; peas and beans, 1,072.757 : potatoes— Irish, 261.4S2, and sweet, 4,741,795 
bushels. Tlie rice crop, according to the returns of 1340, amoimted to 777,195 pounds ; and the crop of poLatoes to 
1,630,100 bushels. '' 

Jfiicettuiuoi/s Crops.— Tobacco, 49,960 (in 1840, 8-3.470) pounds; ginned cotton, 4S4,293 bales of 409 pounds (in l&IO, 
193.4Jll.577 pounds); bay, 12.505 (in 1840,171) tons; clover-seed, 84 bushels; other gras-S-seed, 5.33 bushels; hops, 473 
lyiimds; hemp — dew-rotted, 7 Ions, and water-rotted, tons; flax, 665 tons; tlax-seed, 26 bushels; silk eocooiis,2 pounds; 
sugar — maple, pounds, and cane, .333 hogsheads of 1,000 poun.Is ; molasses, 1S,-31S gallons ; wine, 4o7 gallons, etc. ; value 
of orchard products, $50.40.5, and of market-garden products, $46,230. 

The table annexed exhibits the absolute and relative ditferenee in the chief crops, as ascertained under the censuses 
of 1840 and 1850 ; 

Slnpl^a. I'ilO IS-'rf)- Movement 

"Wool 175,196 pounds 559.619 pounds iner. 834.423 p-iunds, or 

Indi.an Clom 13,1 01 .2-37 liushels 22.44«..5.52 bushels i)ic>: 9,235,315 bushels, or 

Eice 777,195 pounds 2,719.356 pounds incr. 1,942,661 pounds, or 

Tobacco 83.471 " 49,960 " (leer. 3:1,611 " or 

•Cotton 193,401,577 " 193,717.200 " inn: 31.5,623 " or 

Sng.-ir 77 •' 388,000 " iner. 837,923 " or 60:1, 

Thus it would .appear that of all the staples, except tobacco and cotton, the ratio of increase has been imme;tsur.ab1y .ihead 
of the ratio of the iucre&se of the population. Cotton has almost exactly kept iLs absolute stidus, which, in fact, is a rel.ative 
decline in Ihe production of the staple ; and if it bad increased in like prop<-)rlion with the population, the crop should have 
been about 322.350,000 pounils. This result in the crop of 1850 is accoimted for by the terrible inundati. .us of the Mississip- 
pi in 1849, and may in part be set down to drafting of labor to other fields ; tlte .lecline, however, is ni»t permanent. 

ITonu-mttiU Manu/iiclurim f..r llie year ending 1st June, 1850, w-ere valued at $1,164,020. The same denomination of 
mnimfactures in 18:39-40, .according to the census of the latter year, were valued at $632,94.5. 

J/iin«./-;i<-<i/7-<'/!.— Total capital invested $0,000,000 ; value of all raw material, fuel, etc., consumed, $0,000,000 ; average 
number of hands employed, 00.000— males 00,000, and fennilcs O.Ono ; averacie mcmlhly cost of hdi.ir, $000,000— male 
$000,000, and female $00,000; v:ihie of manufactures produced in Ihe olHeial year, $n,OoO,000. Amount of capital invested 
in nuinufactures in 1840, $1,797,722. The whole number of industrial est;iblishments in the State, producing to the value 
of $500 and upward <m the 1st June, 1350, was 866- in the norlhern district ,536, ami in the southern district .330, and dis- 
tributed to the counties, ;is shown in the general t;dile. 01 the whole number, 2 were cotton factories, 93 tanneries, and 8 
forges, besides which there arc several machine-shops, carriage factories, etc- : but the greater part of the c:ipit,-d invested 
is in grist and saw mills, and other establishments usual in an agrieullur.al country. 

Capital employed in the cntlon »»«n!(/!trt«j-e, $33,000 ; anuu;d consumplion of cotton, 4-30 bales, valued at $21,500; 
hands employed, 36 ; monthly cost of labor, $371 ; annual products, 171,000 pounds yarn ; value of entire products, $:30,509. 

431 



219-4 pt 


r ec 


nt. 


249-9 


u 




■10.1 


" 




0.16 


u 




796.1 


u 





MISSISSIPPI. 



Capital invested in the iron manu/aeture, ^0,000; material coiisuraeJ in the year— pig iron 1.107 too3, mineral coal 
248 tons, and cuke and charcoal 92,Ui,'0 busln-Is — valued Ingether at $o0.oT0 ; hands employed, 112; average wages per 
month, $37 Dl ; castinijs made, 924 tons; touil value of products, $117,400. 

Ca])ilal invested in t-unrieries, $145,615; value of all raw material, $111,47-1; hands employed, 269 ; monthly cost of 
labor, $4,94'J; skins tanned 9,780, aud sides tJinned 104,0:30; value of i)rodnet3, $229,407. 

Intenial Cuinmuiiicatian. — Jdississippi has hitherto been most miserably provided with the means of intercomraunica- 
tion; anil lui'l it not been that nature had p\eu it liifjliways in the form of navigable rivers, its great and fertile interior 
must have r^^-niained a wilderness in the midst of thriving populaliuna. Its present condition, even, is little removed from 
Buch abniinnal uselessness. Excepting its ordinary roads, which, however, are none of the best, the genins of modem 
times ba<i done little or nothing to facilitate its access to the markets. True, it has not been backward in projects, yet 
none but in tlie single instance of the Vicksbiirg, Brandon, and Jackson Kailroad has been brought to fruititm. Here, 
Ihen, is the present condition of the commercial avenues of the St^tte. Its prospects for the future are more encouraging. 
There are now in progress the Mobile and Ohio Kailroad, and the New Orleans, Jacksnn, and Northern Railroad 
traversing the State norlti and soulli, and forming in Mississippi links in the great chain that is to unite the Upper Mis- 
sissippi and the great lakes with two of tlie great [mrts of tlie Gulf of Mexico ; and traversing the State cast and west are 
the Memphis and Charleston Kailroad on the north line ; a line of railroad from Selma, Ala., westward to Brandon, there 
uniting with the already complete railroad to Vicksburg, and a line from Madisonville, on Lake Pontchartrain, eastward 
to a junction with the Mobile and Ohio Railroad near Mobile. These are the trunk lines now in progress, from which it 
ifl proposed to build lateral lines to the principal centres of production, and so build up a system convenient both for 
through travel and transportation and for local communication. The exterior connections of these lines will connect the 
State with every part of the Union ; with the Atlantic through the E:ist iVnnessee, Alabama, and Georgia lines and their 
continuatinns ; with the north-eastern portion of the central valley through the lines going to and diverging from Nash- 
ville, and with the upper country througii the lines terminating at and diverging from the mouth of the Ohio River. 
Westward it will connect with Texas through the lines fVora New Orleans and Vicksburg in that direction. The bene- 
ficial effer't uf these great lines on the development of the resources of the State, its commerce and general welfare, can not 
be doubted. Its rich agricultural regions will be rapidly settled, and the lands which are now h ing waste will become 
the scenes of a busy industry in the cultivation of the great staples for which the State is famous, while its consumption 
of manufactures to be exchanged for its productions, will create a commerce as extensive as it will be profitable to all 
sections of the Union concerned in the interchange, 

Owim^rcc— The commercial material of Mississippi is carried to New Orleans and Mobile by river for exportation to 
foreign countries and the home port-?, and its imports are received through the same channels. The direct commerce 
of the Slate is therefore inconsiderable, and in fact it is very seldom that an arrival or departure in the foreign trade is 
recorded ; years may pass by and the Treasury reports make no mention of either. In ld49-50 no direct foreign com- 
merce or navigation is noted. Its navigation is consequently almost entirely confined to its rivers and the Gulf. The 
shipping employed in the coasting and river trade is chiefly owned in the adjoining States of Louisiana and Alabama. 
The tonnage owned in this State amounts only to 1,827 tons, of whieh 075 tons is navigated by steam ; and of the whole, 
1,867 t<)ns is owned in the district of Pearl River, and 460 in that of Vicksburg. Of all the States having a front on tho 
sea, Mississippi is most destitute of harbors, and has the least direct seaward navigation ; but its access to its natural porta 
by river fully compensates for the specified disability. 

SanX:i?ig.^yo returns of the banks of this Stale are made public, and as a general thing their issues are of a doubtftil 
character. The Northern Bank of Mississippi, at Ilolly Springs (capital $100,000), is said to be the only sound baakiD^ 
institution in the State. 

Govenwient. — The government is based on the constitution that went into effect in 1S17. The right of suffrage is 
granted to every adult free white male jjcrson, a citizen of the United Stales, resident in the State one year ;md in the 
town or comity four mouths next before the election. The general elections are held on the first Monday and Tuesday 
In November. 

The Legislattire is composed of a House of Representatives and a Senate. Representatives, not fewer than thirty-six, 
nor more than one hundred in number (and not less than one to each county), are chosen every second year for two 
years; they must be qualified voters, and have resided two years in the State, and one year in ihe place they represent. 
A census is taken at intervals of not more than eight nor less than six years, and the appointment of members made 
accordingly. Senators, in number not less than one-fuurth nor more than one-third the number of representatives, must 
be thirty years of age, for four years citizens of the United States, and for one year residents of their district, and be 
chosen for fnur years, one half biennially. The legislature meets at Jackson on the first Mou'Iay in Januarj' biennially. 

The Governor must have attained the age of 30 years, have been a citizen of the United Slates for 20 years, and for five 
years a resident of Uie State. He is chosen by a plurality of votes for two years, and can not hold the office for more than 
four out of any six years. He may zieto a bill, but it may be passed and become law, notwilhstauding his veto, by a subse- 
quent v(»te of both houses of the legislature. 

All officers are elected either in flistricts or counties, or by the people at large. No person denying the being of God or 
a future state of rewards and punishments, can hold office. No money can be expended for internal improvements, ex- 
cept by a vote of two-thirds of both houses ; and no StJite loan can be raised urdess the bill be passed by a majority of each 
house, be published three months before the next election, and be confirmed by a majority of each house, at (he next 
I^ialature. The legislature can not emancipate slav es without the owner's consent, except on account of great public 
services, and then must pay for them; nor can it prevent immigrants from importing slaves of the same description 
vith tliose in the State, if they be l/onaji<h property, and not criminals. It may pass laws enabling owners to cm.inci- 
pate slaves, saving the rights of creditors and the public from being at their cliarge; and laws directing a sale, on tho 
owner's account, if he treat his slaves cruelly. The introduction of slaves as merchandise after Ist May, 1S33. is pro- 
hibilcl, but si^tllers may import them for their own use until 1S45. (These two periods beingpassed, it is probable that tho 
lmpji>rtatinn of slaves is now prolnbitcd). No grand jury is necessary in tho prosecution o( slaves for crimes not capital. 

The JmUcidnj consists of a High Court of Errors and Appeals, a Superior Court of Chancery, District Chancery Courts, 
and District or Circuit Courts. The jurisdiction of the " High Court" is exclusively appellate. There are two terms each 
year atJacksim, conimeneing on the first Monday of January and November. The court may continue in session as long 
as business requires, ami may order a special term, or adjourn to meet at any time. The judges are also authorized to 
meet annually on the third Monday in June, in the town of Oxford, to receive the written, and hear the oral, arguments 
4SS 



MISSISSIPPI. 



of causes from Ihe lliird <Iislrict, provi.k-d the St:ite is not a party. The Legishilure ;ii>poinIs the reporttT, and ha3 
nboiishe<i Ihe coiniuon law fnriii of ph-udiiig, and adopted a system somewhat similar tu that of chancery or civil law. 
The " Superior Court of Chancery," held by the chancellor at the capital, is in law considered always open. The chan- 
cellor is authorized to hold the same at sucti times and for such periods as businL-ss may require, upon givuig three weeks' 
notice in the public newspapers. There are in the State three chancery districts*; the '■District Chancery Courts," each 
with a vice-chancellor, have concurrent power and juristHction wilh tlie Superior Court within their respective (lislricta 
where the amount in controversy does nut exceed $500,000. Special terms of these courts may be held by giving thirty 
days' public notice. For the purpose of holding district or circuit courts, the State is divided into seven districts. The 
'' Circuit Court" has original jurisdiction in civil cases in which the sum in controversy exceeils $50, and it lias also 
exclusive criminal jurisdiction. For each of the districts a judge and attorney arc elected every four years. 

Ameitilj/ientif to the constitution, if they be passed by two-thirds of each houee, shall be submitted to the people six 
monllis before the next general election, and if approved by tiieni shall be adopted. 

The Militia ftiree of Mississippi consists of 3G,0S4 men of qll arms, of which S25 are commissioned officers, and 35.259 
non-ej:»m missioned oflicers, musicians, and privates. Of the commissioned officers 15 are general officers, 70 general staff 
officers, 392 field officers, etc., and 34S company officers. 

The henevolejit institution's of ihc Slate are the Institution for the Blind, and the Mississippi Lunatic Asyhim alJackson. 

Mnaucm, etc.— The receipt^ into the treasury for the year ending 30th April, 1S50, amounted to $397,4(12 63, and the 
expenditures by warrant during the same year to $254,999 53. Excess of means, $94,403 05. The chief sources of incorao 
and the amounts collected from each, were — State lax $3-S4,G39, internal improvement fund $13,196, the sinking fund 
$19,S57, pcnitt-nliary $3,1S9, the seminary fund $1,251, redemption of lands $4,001, land sales $2,720, etc. ; and the princi- 
pal r»bjecls and amounts of expenditure, were — Legislature $4S.731, judiciary $82,307, executive $S.S69, contingent fund 
(executive) $4,195, ajipropriations $20,179, penitetitiary $25,206, printing $5,323, executed slaves $3,762, University 
$10,957, Common Schools $17, Lunatic Asylum $5,000, Institution for the Blind $2,455, seminary fund $3,920, comtnissions 
for assessing $9,540, elections $2,024, ten per cent, fund $3S.312, etc. The Stale lax is based on personal and real estate, 
and the objects of taxation are occupied lands and town lots, money at interest, merchandise sold, bank stock, auction 
sales, pleasure carriages, watches, clocks, ten-pin alleys, race-tracks, bowie-knives, pistols, cattle over 20 head, horses, 
elallions, jacks, pianos, male free negroes, slaves under 60 years old, free white polls, etc. The absolute rJeht of the State 
amounts $2,271,707, and the contingent debt to $5,000,000— total, $7,271,707. The annual interest on the absolute debt is 
about $136,000. The State has jiroperty to the value of $2,000,000, but this is at present unproductive. The total assessed 
value of taxalilc property in the State in 1S50 was $20S,422,167 ; the true value of property, as ascertamed by the census 
of 1S50, amounts to $228,304,332. 

Federal Representation. — Mississippi, in accordance with the act of 23d May, 1S50, apportioning representation, sends 
Jive representjitives to the Congress of the United States. 

Education. — Mississippi has never had an efficient common school system, the sparscness of the population having 
proved a formidable obstacle to the suceess (tf any general system. A law was passed in 1S46 giving the appointment of 
school commissioners to the Board of Policy in each county, with power to levy taxes, etc. All the large towns organized 
schools under this system ; but by a later act essential alterations have been made in the law, and special laws for partic- 
ular counties now govern these institutions. The means of the State for school purposes are ample, consisting of funds 
arising iVom leases of the sixteenth sections of land, from fines and forfeitures, and from licenses of hawkers and pedlars, 
keepers of bitliard-tables, retailers of liquors, and brokers. Besides the common schools, there are in the State numerous 
seminaries, to the support of which the State contributes annually. The coUegiate institutions of Mississippi are — the 
University at Oxford, founded 1*^44 ; Oakland College, founded 1S;30. and Mississippi College at Chnton. The University 
Is partly supported by the State, and in 1S50 had 6 professors and 134 students. 

Puhlic Libraries. — One State library, 5,000 volumes; 3 college libraries, 5,1S9 volumes; 2 students' libraries, 2,411 
Tolumes ; 102 public school libraries, 3,050 volumes— total libraries, lOS, an'' lo.GoO volnmes. 

Periodical Pre^s. — Whole number of perloflicals and newspapers, 56— 16 whig, 21 democratic, and 19 neutral in poli- 
tics, the latter number, including also those devoted to literature, science, religion, and all the character of wliich is not 
ascertained. Of the whole number, 2 are issued tri-weekly, and circulate 3,500 copies at each issue, or 546,000 copies 
annually ; 2 semi-weekly, S3S copies, or annually 92,352 copies ; and 52 weekly, 26,4S2 copies, or annually 1,377,064 copies. 
The trir^ceiklies are tiie '• Vicksburg Sentinel" and the '■ Vicksburg Whig ;" the semi-iceeklies are the *' Natchez Courier'* 
and the "Natchez Frec-Trader;" and the weeklies are published— 2 at Vicksburg, editions of the tri-weeklics ; 2 at 
Natchez, editions of the semi-weeklies; 3 at Kosciusko, 1 at Liberty, 2 at CarrolUon, 1 ;it Port Gibson, 3 at Houston, 1 
at Gallatin, 1 at Hernando, 1 at Gainesville, 1 at Biloxi, 4 at Jackson, 3 at Lexington, 1 at Paulding, 2 at Fayette, 1 at 
Monliccllo, 1 at Marion, 2 at Oxford, 1 at Columbus. 2 at Canlon, 2 at Holly Springs, 2 at Aberdeen, 1 at Macon, 1 at 
Holmesville, 1 at Panola, 2 at Pontotoc, 1 at Brandon, 1 at Jacinto, 1 at Ftipley, 2 at Woodville, 1 at Louisville, 1 at Grenada, 
and 1 at Coffeeville. 

Keligious Peyioininations.— The statistics of the several religious denominations in the State, according to the census 
of 1850, were for that year as follows : 



Deimmin;.- N.i. of 


Cli.ircU 


Value of 


Detnimina- No. of 


Cliurcli 


Value of 


Denomina- No. of 


Cloirch 


Value of 


tions. Clionlies. 


arc.m. 


Property. 


lio(i,i. Clujrrlies 


acconl. 


Pr..pert)-. 


tip.r.s. Cloirclies 


accom. 


rn.perty. 


Baptist 8130 .. 


106.050 . 


. 1180,19-2 


German Kef. — . . 


— . 


»- 


R. Catliolic. . 8.. 


3,000 . 


466,000 


Christian 8 .. 


2,350 . 


. 9,950 


Jewish — .. 


— . 


— 


Swedenbo'n . — . . 


— • 


— 


CongrL-gat'I. . — . . 


— . 


— 


Lutheran ... — . . 


— . 


— 


Tanker — .. 


— . 


— 


Dutch Kef... — .. 


— . 


_ 


Mennonite . . — . 


— . 


— 


Union 5 . . 


ISO . 


400 


Episcopal ... 13 .. 


4,550 . 


. 66,800 


Meth(..list...400 .. 


112,983 . 


240,265 


Unitarian.. . . — . . 


— ■■ 


— 


Free 3.. 


7U0 . 


1,850 


Moravian ... — . . 


— 


— 


Universalist.. — .. 


— .. 


— 


Friends — .. 


— . 


— 


Presbyterian 135.. 


4T,166 . 


18.3,085 


Minor Sects. — .. 


— •• 


— 



—making a total of 914 churches, wilh accommodation for 2T5.9T9 persons, and valued as properly at $r54,,«2, Mi.ssissippi 
consliluu-s a diocese of the same name of the Protestant Episcopal Church, and also the Uoman Catholic diocese of Natchez, 
a enffrapan of the ecclesiastical province of Kew Orleans. 

J'atipcHmi iind Crime.— The whole number of paupers relieved or supported in the year ending 1st June, l^,'..!. was 
260, of which 245 were native-born and 12 foreigners; and the whole number of p.iupers at the date specified, 2S7, of 

489 



MIS 



MIS 



which 245 were native-born, and 19 foreigners ; annual cost of support, $13,132. The State prison is located at Jackson. 
Tiie whole number of L'on\ icts on Ihe SOth November, lS-18, M-as SS, and the whole number received since the establish- 
ment of the prison in 1340 was 247, averaging 31 per annum. Of the number in prison in 1S4S, 7 were foreisrnera, and SI 
natives, and 5 were confined for atlcmiits to kill, 13 for manslaughter, 14 for negrr) stealing, 5 for forgery, 29 fur petty lar- 
ceny, and 11 for grand larceny. Tin- dist-harges fur the year ending as above were— by expiration of sentence 10, by 
pardon of governor 13, and by writ of error 1. 

^ Iliistorical ^^•('((.'j^.— Mississippi was discovered by De Soto in 1.542, but no permanent settlement was attempted by 
him. The Indians inhabiting Ihe country were the Choctaws, Chickasaws, Natchez, etc., with wliit-h, from the lime of 
the first white trespasser on their lands to tho cession of 17G3, Uure was a constant warring. La Salle, deseending the 
rivers from the Illinois country, visited the section bordering on tlui Mississippi in 16S1 ; and in 169S the first attempts to 
found permanent settlements were made by Iberville, the Governor of Louisiana. Ills colony arrived at Sbi|> Islund in 
ITOO, and after exjiloring the country along and beyond the Mississippi, the parlies returned and built a fort at liiloxi, at 
the mouth of the river of the same name, about 20 miles north of the island. OlhiT settlements were made on the 
Mississippi River, as New Orleans, Natchez, etc. Fort Eosalie, on the present site of Natchez, was surprised and cap- 
tured by the Natchez Indians in 1729, and great distress was also, at this time and for many years after, caused by the 
hostility of this tribe and the Chickasaws. The Choctaws were generally allies of the white settlers, and fought bravely 
by their side. These hostile tribes were subsequently brought to sue for peace under Bienville, and are now only known 
by the history their warlike opposition has made for them — not one remains to tell the story of their wmngs. The war 
bctwfen England and France, which forms so conspicuous a page in the history of the middle of the 18th century, ended in 
1763, France relinquishing to Britain all her possessions east of the Mississippi, and to Spain all west of that river. Spain 
at Ihe same time gave up Florida to the British. In 1TS3 the country north of [he parallel of 3P north w;is included in the 
hmits of the United States by the treaty acknowledging the independence of the L'nion ; and the Flori-las reverted lo th.e 
Spanish crown. By its charter granted in 1732, Georgia extended westward to the Mississippi, and hence, though at thai 
period Mississippi was de facto a Freneh colony, yet, on its comiTig into the prissession of the English, it of course fell 
into the limits of the Georgia charter. These extensive territories were subsequently ceded to the tTnited States, both in 
sovereignty and ownership. In 1708, they were formed into a Territorial Government, which included also the present 
State of Alabama. In ISU, that portion of the country south of 31° was attached to the territory, having been wrested 
from Spain — because that nation could not take care of iL In 1S17, the territory was divided, the eastern portion forming 
a territory under the name of Alabama, and the western portion was erected into the Slate of Mississippi. The date of 
its admission into the Union as a State was the 1st March, 1S17. 
Jackson, on the west bank of Pearl Eiver, is the political capital of the State. 



Mississippi county, ArTc. Situate N. E., and contains 
1,129 sq. m. Bounded E. by Ihe Mississippi, "W. by the St. 
Francis, and drained by "Whitewater river and its affluents. 
Surface low and swampy in many parts, with several large 
lakes. Soil very fertile, where capable of cultivation, and 
covered mostly with fine timber. Corn is the principal 
product. The most liazardous navigation of the Mississippi, 
and the first cotton plantations descending the river, are 
on the S. border. Farms 170; manuf 2; dwell. 2*^4. and 
pop.— wh. 1,496, fr, col. 7, el. 865— total 2,36S. Capital: 
Oceola. 

Mississippi county, JT/o. Situate 8. E., and contains 363 
sq. m. Bounded E. by the Mississippi, and drained by 
CjTiress and James bayous. Surface low and marshy, and 
In parts sul>jcet to inimdation : soil very fertile. Corn is the 
staple, and the crops are very large. Timber is abundant. 
Farms 27; manuf. 0; dwell. 443, and pop.— wh. 2,373, fr. 
col. 3, si. 746— total 3,122. Capital: Ohio City. 

Mississippi City, p. v.. and cap. Harrison eo., J/?.m. ; on 
Pascagoula Sound of the Gulf of Mexico, 67 m. K. N. E. New 
Orleans, .and 14-") m. S. E. Jackson. It contains the usual 
county buildings, and has some coasting trade. 

Mississippi river: an immense river of the United Stales, 
•which, whether we consider its great length, its vast tril)u- 
taries, the extent of country which it drains, and the distance j 
to which it is navittable. well deserves the title wliich the 
Indians give it of the " father of waters." The import in 
the Algonquin language of Mis^l Sept\ the name by which 
it is designated, is great river. II drains a country of over 
1,000,000 square miles in extent, eminently fertile, and send- 
ing through it to its destined market a vast amount of pro- 
duce, and receivine: in return tlie productions of other parts 
of the world. Its extreme source was discovered by School- 
craft in July 13th, 1882, to be lUisra lake, in 47° 10' N. lat. 
and 94^ 54' W. long., at an elevalion of 1.500 feet above the 
ocean, and 3.160 miles from its entrance into the Gulf of 
Mexico. Itasca lake, or Lac la Biche of the French, is a 
beautiful sheet of water, of an irregular shape, about S m. 
long, situated among hills covered with pine forests, and fed 
chiefly by sprinss. U lias its outlet to the N., which is al)out j 
JO or 12 feel wide, and from 12 to 18 inches deep, and flow- 
490 



ing northwardly, it passes through lakes IrWng and TraT- 
erse, and tiien turns eastwardly, and proceeding through 
several small lakes, it enters Lake Ca.ss. This lake is about 
16 m. long, contains several islands, is about 3,000 m. from 
the Gulf of Mexico, at an elevation of 1.380 feet above the 
ocean, and 182 m. l)elow Lake Itasca, the source of the Mis- 
sissippi. It then flows E. to Lake Winnipec, and S. E. to 
Little Lake "Winnepec, below which it receives Leech lake 
fork, the outlet of a considerable body of water of a very 
irreirolar form, called Leech lake. This was formerly re- 
gardeil as the source of the Mississippi. The most northerly 
point obtained by the Mississippi is a little short of 48° N. 
lat. From the junction of Leech lake fork the river expands 
t^) 100 feet in width, and increase of depth, and flows with a 
mean current of H miles per hour, and a descent of 3 in. 
in a mile, through a low pniirie country eovend with wild 
rice, rushes, sword-grass, and other aquatic plants, and is 
the favorite resort of water-fowls and various amphibious 
quadrupeds. At the falls of Peekagama the first rocky 
stratum and the first wooded island is seen, at the distance 
of OS'S m. alHjve the falls of St. Anthony. At the fall of 
Peekagama the river <lescend8 20 feet in 300 yards, by a 
rapid which entirely obstructs navigation. At the head of 
these falls Ihe prairies entin-ly cease, and below a forest of 
elm, maple, birch, oak, and ash overshadow (he stn-am. 
The river now takes a southerly course, curving to the west, 
and atrain Xo the east to the f;dls of St Aiith'-ny. The fall 
of the river above may be computed at 6 inches in a mile, 
with a current of 3 m. an hour, exclusive of some rapiila, 
and has some dry prairies on its shores, the ri-sort of iho 
bufliilo, elk, and doer, and are the only part of the IMIssis- 
sippi in which the buffalo is now found. At the falls of St. 
Anthony, P43 m. above the mouth of tlie Missouri, the rivir 
has a perpendicular descent of about 25 feel, with a formid- 
able rapid above and below. The rapid above the falls has 
a descent of 10 feet in the distance of 300 yards, and below 
the falls a descent of 15 feet in the distance of half a mile. 
An island at the brink of the falls divides the current into 
two parts, the largest of which is on the wc^t of the i?^land, 
and immediately below Ihe falls are large iVagmenis of rock, 
in the interstices of which some alluvial soil has accumii* 



MIS 



MIS 



lated. supporting a stinted ^nwth of cedars. The whole 
fall has a descent of aboftt 41 ft-et in less than three-fuiirths 
of a mile. This fall lias nothing of the grandeur of Niagara, 
but the cataract and the surrounding scenery arc widely 
picturesque and beautiful. In times of high floods it may 
approach to the sublime. The width of the rivt-r above the 
falls is 500 or 600 yards, and at the falls is 227 yards, but 
narrows to 200 yards a short distance below. The portage 
around the falls is about 260 rods. In 1S05 the United 
States purehased of the Sioux tribe of Indians a tract of 9 m. 
square, including the falls of St. Anthony, for a military post, 
for the sum of ^2.000. On this territory Fort Stu-lling is 
situated. A eoiisidi-rable tract of fertile land has been put 
under cultivation by the garrison. As an indication of the 
climate, the first green peas were oaten here on the loth of 
June, and the first green com on the 20th of July ; and on 
the last of July Schoolcraft found much of the corn too hard 
to be boik-d for the table, and some cars might hare been 
seleclt'd siiflficicntly ripe for seed corn. A little below the 
falls of St. Anthony the Minnesota river enters from the W., 
and is uiuih the largest tributary of the upper Mi?si«5ippi. 
For200 ni. aliove lis entrance Carver found it about 100 yards 
wide, with a great depth, and it receives several iniport;mt 
tributaries. It is 150 yards wide at its mouth, and 10 or 15 
foot deep. About 44° 45' N. lat. the St. Croix enters on the 
N. E. side, whitfli is 100 yards wide at its mouth. About 
600 yards aljove its nunith it expands into a lalce called St. 
Croix lake, which is 36 m. long, and from li to 3 m. broad, 
and the river is said to be navigable for boats for 200 miles. 
About 15 m. below the mouth of the St. Croix the Mississippi 
expands into a beautiful sheet of water called Lake Pepin, 
which is 24 m. long, and from 2 to 4 m. broad, and is 100 m. 
below the falls of St. Anthony. On the E. shore is a range 
of limestone bluffs, and on the W. an elevated- level prairie, 
covered with a luxuriant growth of grass, and nearly desti- 
tute of forest trees, with occasional conical hills, which 
appear like artificial mounds. At the lower termination of 
Lake Pepin Cliippeway river enters from the N. W., after a 
course of about 800 m. In 43° N. lat. Wisconsin river enters 
on the E. side; it is navigable 200 miles, and a canal is in 
construction near Fort Winnebago. Columl)ia co., which. H 
m. long, will connect with Neenah river, and thereby with 
the great lak'es. A little below this comes in Turkey river 
from the "W. A little below 42° N. lat. enters the Wapsi- 
pinicon, a considerable river from the W., and a little down, 
Eock river, a clear and beautiful stream, enters on the E. 
side. A little abpve Rock river are long rapids, which at 
low water render it difficult for boats to ascend. At 41° 10' 
enters tlie Inwa. a lartre river frnm the W.. and below that 
enter on the same siile Skunk and Des Moines rivers. The 
latter is perhaps the largest western tributary above the 
Missouri. It is 1.^0 yards wide at its mouth, ami said to be 
beatable for nearly 300 miles. A few miles above its mouth 
are rapids, m. long, forming a serious impediment to navi- 
gation at low water; but these obstacles will be overcome 
by a canal now in construction. In about 390 X. lat. cotnes 
the Illinois river, a noble, broad, and deep stream, and the 
most considerable tributary of the Mississippi above the 
Missouri. It is nearly 400 yards wide at its mouth, is about 
400 m. long, and navigable to Peru, 269 m. from its mouth, 
at which point commences the Illinois and Michigan Canal, 
extending lo Chicago, 100 m. long. A little hehm 39° N. 
lat. comes in from the W. the mighty Missouri, which is 
longer and probably discharges more water than the Missis- 
sippi; and ha'l it been earlier explored it would probably 
been considered as the parent stream, but it will hencelbrlh 
becon.sidered only as a tributary. The Mississippi above the 
Juncliunisa remarkably clear stream, but thisia entirely de- 
stroyed by the entrance of the turbid Missouri, which commu- 
nicates its own muddy appearance to the Mississippi ihroush 
the remainder of its course, thus asserting its superiority. 
{see Missotint river). Xear 8S^ N. lat. the Kaskaskia river 
comes in on the E. side. It is SO yards wide at its mouth, 



flows through a beautiful country, is over .*?00 m. long, and is 
boatablein high water over 100 m. NearST'^N. lat. comes in 
from the E. the beantif\U Ohio, " Lii S'/lf Ririere''' of the 
French, and is much the largest eastern trilnitary, and from 
the densely populated and highly fertile eouurry on its bor- 
ders, it is at present mnch the most iniporiant branch of 
the Mississippi. The large trilmturies, the Cumberland^ 
Tennessee, and TPabash, contribute to its magniflcence 
and importance. At 34° 40' the St. Francis enters from 
the W.. 20(1 y.^rd3 wide at its ni'iulh, and supposed to bo 
navigable by one of its forks Ibr 300 miles. At 34^ N. lat. 
White river, enters on the W. side, by a mouth from oOO to 
400 yards wide, and is probably about 1,200 m. long. Thirty 
m. below, at 33° 4S'. the Arkansas enters from the W.. by a 
ninuth 500 yards wide, and is supposed to be 2,500 m. long. 
It is. next to the Missonri, the largest western tributary, and 
its waters are of a dark flame color when the river is full. 
At 32° 24', a Uttle above the Walnut hills, in the Stale of 
Mississippi, near Vicksburg, the Tazoo river enters on the 
E. side, by a mouth from 200 to 300 yards wide. At 31° 04' 
lied river enters on the W. side. It is neariy as large as 
the Arkansas, and discharges about as much water. Here 
the Mississippi carries its greatest volume of water, as im- 
mediately below this, and at intervals after, it sends off 
several large outlets. Three m. below the mouth of Ked 
river passes off on the W. side, the Afchafalaya or Chatfalio 
Bayou, as it is called, which is supposed to carry off as 
nuich as the Red river brings in. Here the Mississippi has 
a famous ''cut-off," by crossing the isthmus of a large bend* 
so that the main channel does not pass the mouth of Red 
river. The Atehafalaya has been supposed to be the ancient 
bed of Red river, by which its waters were discharged with- 
out mingling with the Mississippi, and much of its water is 
now discharged by this outlet. A little below Baton Rouge 
the Iberville passes off on the E. side, going through lakes 
Maurepas, Pontcharlrain, and Borgne into the Gulf of 
Mexico. In times of floud it carries off considerable water. 
P>etween this outlet on the E. and Atehafalaya on the W. is 
what is called the Deltaof the Mississippi. Between Ateha- 
falaya and New Orleans pass off, on the W. side, Plaque- 
mine, which joins the Atehafalaya, and La Fourehe, which 
pursues an independent course to the Gulf of Me.\ico. At 
the distance of 105 ra. below New Orleans by the course of 
the river, and 90 m. in a direct line, this maiestic river 
enters the Gulf of Mexico by several mouths, the principal 
of which are called the Balize or north-east pass, in 29° 7' 25" 
N. lat., and S9° 10' W. long., and the south-west pass ia 
29° S' N. lat., and 89° 25' W. long. The dejdh of water on 
the bar at each of these passes is 12 feet, but much greater 
a little witliout and within the bar. M"st of the vessels 
enter and leave the river by the north-east pass. It might 
naturally be expected from the extent of country drained 
by the Mississippi that the spring floods would be great. 
From the mouth of the Missouri the flood commencea in 
March, and docs not subside before the last of May, at an 
average height of 15 feet. From the Missouri to the Ohio 
it rises 25 feet, and for a great distance below the Ohio it 
rises 50 feet. At every flood it overspreads the country, 
chiefly on its W. side, for 500 m. from its mouth, to the dis- 
tance of from 10 to 30 miles. From the falls of St. Anthony 
to the mouth of the Missouri it has a medial current of 2 m. 
an hour; and at every place, except at the rapids of the 
Bes Moines, it has a depth of water of not less than 4 feet 
at the lowest stages. Below the Missouri its depth is 
f;really increased, but its wiillh. except in the forests and 
swamps, when overflowed, is very little increased. To the 
mouth of the Ohio it has in the channel 6 feet of water at 
its lowest stages, and at the highest of 25 feet From the 
mouth of the Ohio to the SL Francis there are various shoal 
places, where at h w water pilots are often perplexed to And 
ft sufllcient depth of water. Below that point there is no 
difficulty for vessels of any draught, except to fln<i the right 
channel. Above Natchez the flood begins to decline ; at 

491 



MIS 



ms 



Baton Koiige it seldom exceeds 80, and at New Orleans 12 
feet. This rivi-r is exceedingly winding in its cmirse, and 
fiometinies u bend will occur of 80 niik*s, where the distance 
across the neck will not excce*! a mile. The mijihty volume 
of water often earriea away a lar;ie mass of enrth, with its 
trees, from a iirojccting point, and frequently endaniji.TS 
vessels. Trees are also often bedded in nmd, with their 
tops projecting, producing stiags and sawyer*, as they are 
called, dangerous to navigators. The wlurls or eddii's 
which are produced by the torluous course of llic river and 
its projecting points, render the navigation to a degree diffi- 
cult an'l dangerous. Cclow tlie Misj^ouri the me<!ial current 
is about 4 m. an hour. It is difficult, on viewing it for the 
first time, to have an adequate idea of its grandeur, and the 
amount of water wliich it carries. In the spring, when 
below the mouth of the Ohio its banks are overflowed, 
although the sheet of wa'er that is making its way to the 
gulf may be SO m. wide, yet finding its way through forests 
and swamjis which conceal it from the eye, no expanse of 
water is seen but that which is included between its wooded 
banks, which seldom exceeds but often fails short of a mile 
in width ; but when it is seen, from time to time, to swallow 
up many large rivers, it will be easily conceived that it must 
have a gn-at depth. At the lowest water, at the efflux of 
the Atchafalnya, at the head of the Delta, it is from 75 to SO 
feet deep; at the outlet of La Fourche, at Donaldsonville, 
130 feet; upward of 100 feet at New Orleans, and from 75 to 
SO feet 3 ni. above the main bars. Vesssis are often from 5 
to 30 days in ascending from the mouth of the river to New 
Orleans, though they will, with a favorable wind, often 



descend in 12 hours. Before the introduction of steamboats 
it required S or 10 weeks to go to Ihe Illinois. Boats of 40 
tons ascend the river to the falls of St. Antliony, more tlian 
2,1)00 m. from its luoutlu The use of steamboats has nearly 
superseded all other vessels for ascending the river. Large 
flat-bottomed boats, denonunated arks, which are not de- 
signcil to return, are extensively used for transporl;Uion 
down the river. The first steamboat on the western waters 
was built at PitLsburg, in ISU ; there are now over 300 on 
the Mississippi and its tril)utaries, many of them of great 
burthen. The passage from Cincinnati to New Orleans and 
back has been made in 19 days. Large ships, moved by 
sails, rarely ascend above Natchez. There are no tides in 
the Mississippi. 

Distances navigable by steam on Mississippi river and its 
principal branches : 

Miles. 

Mississippi 2,000 

Bayou La Fourche 60 

BigBlack 60 

Yazoo 300 

Arkansas 603 

White 500 

St. Francis 300 

Ohio l.OiiO 

Kaskaskia 150 

Maramcc 60 

lUinois 269 

Mississippi Speings, p. v., nines co., Mt^a. 
Jackson. 



MileB. 

Missouri 1.500 

Dca Moines 250 

Cedar 60 

Iowa 110 

Hock 250 

Wisconsin ISO 

Black 60 

Chippewa 70 

Miimesota 1^0 

St CroU 80 

10 m. W. 



THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 

Mrseoimi is situated generally between the latitudes of 36° 30' and 40° 80' north, and the longitudes of SS© 55' and 95° 3S' 
west from Greenwich, or 11° 53' and 18° 36' from Washington. It is bounded on the north by Iowa, on the east by 
Illinois and Kentucky, on the south by Arkansas, an<i on the west by the Indian and Nebraska territories. More a|)eci- 
fically its eastern boundary is the Mississippi River, beginning at latitude SG'^ and running north to the nmulh of the Dea 
Moines liiver, whence the line follows the latter up to its rapids (40° SO*); thence along that line westward to where it 
cuts the Missouri Kiver ; thence down th.it river to the mouth of the Kansas, whence it runs due south to 36° 30'. and 
along that line eastward to the St. Francis; thence follows that river to 36*^, and traverses that line to the place of begii> 
ning. Its general extent from north to south is 27S miles, but inclurling the narrow strip between the St. Francis and 
Mississippi rivers 312 miles ; and greatest extent from east to west is 313 miles, and its least extent less than 200 miles ; 
and the area of its superficies is estimated at 67,3S0 square miles. 

The river Missouri separates this State into two parts, distinguished from each other by dissimilar geographical and 
geological features. South of that river, as far west as the Osage, the surface of the country is rolling, and gradually rises 
into a hilly and mountainous district, forming the outskirts of the Ozark Mountains. Beyond the Osage, at some distance, 
commences a vast expanse of prairie land, wliich stretches away to the Rocky Mountains. The chief geological dep<isits 
of the region are solid strata of carboniferous and silnrian limestone and sandstone, reposing on or around the nnstralified 
primary rocks. In tlie hilly and broken mineral region, which includes the greater part of tiie State south of the Missouri, 
the soil is formed of decomposed sandstone, sienite and magnesian limestone. Soils constituted of the two last elements 
are fertile, but in many of the districts of the mineral region their productiveness is impaired by the admixture of oxyde 
of iron. Other districts, as the Bellevne Valley, and the valleys of the Maramcc, Gaifconade, and Osage are well fitted 
for cultivation or for pasture. Around the head waters of the White, Kleven Points, Current, and Big Black, whi-re the 
land is most mountainous, the soil is formed of decomposed semivitreous sandstone, and is in general unproductive, 
though it supports a magnificent growth of yellow pine, valuable for its lumber. The intervening valleys, however, are 
decidedly fertile, but of small extent. The lands situated more immediately south of the Missouri are partly sandy and 
partly calcareous, and in general where alumina or clay sufficiently abounds the soil is excellent and well adapted to the 
production of the staples of the State. 

That part of the Slate lying north of the Missouri Kiver is in no place mountainous, but either rolling or quite flat. It 
contains a much richer soil than the southern division, and is in a more advanced state of cultivation. Its geological 
substratum is cliiefly carboniferous limestone. The coa! measure of Illinois extends west of the Mississipi)i at St. Louis, 
and is probably commensurate with the northern division of the State^ l>eing limited on the south by the narrow strip of 
land above spoken of, lying south of the Missouri. The soils of this region arc chiefiy calcareous and arenaceous, the 
aluminous being limited in extent The calcareous, or those abounding in lime, which are prednminant. are fertile, 
particularly near tlio margins of rivera. Of this character are the lands in the western parts along the Missouri. The 
counties of Clay, Platte, and Buchanan can not readily be surpassed in productiveness, and the other western and interior 
counties are nearly equal in fertility. In the eastern part of this region arenaceous or sandy soil predominates. These 
lands, which are comparatively barren, are found on the southern flank of the prairies which have their origin in north 
Missouri, and extend to the head waters of the Mississippi River. 

The south-eastern part of the State, the surface of which was once capable of cultivation, became after the earthquakes 

of 1811-12 marshy. This district contains on estimate 1,517,257 acres, and extends south from the neighborhood of Cape 

Girardeau into the northern part of Arkansas, a distance, in Missouri alone, of lOS miles, and wcstwardly as far as the 

river SL Francis. The land is well located, as regards faciUties of transport, and is said to be as fertile its anv in ihn 

492 t 



MISSOURI. 



valley; and as the greater portion can be reclaimed, it may be brought under cultivation at some future time. This 
Inundated tract is for the most part heavily timbered. 

Missouri is l)ounliriilIy supplied with navigable water courses, affording an easy access to every portion of the State, 
Omitting the Mississippi, wliich waslies the eastern l>oundary for 470 miles, the great river, and the one from wliieh ft 
derives its name, is Ih*-- Missouri. This river rises in the Kocky Mountains, not far from the head waters of tlie Columbia, 
8,095 miles from its mouth. The last 400 or oOO miles of its course above lie within the limits of this Stale, The trough 
through wliich the river flows is from 4 to 5 mdes wide, and is bounded by rocky limestone hills, which rise to the height 
of from 100 io300 feet Nearly all the bottoms of the Missouri are on its north side, and ordinarily they are not subject to 
inundation. In this respect they differ widely from tliose of the Slississippi, which latter are of greater width and 
formed of a. less sandy soil, and are less easily percolated by water. The Missouri flows down an inclined plane, the upper 
strata of which are easily disintegrated, and the particles mingling with the rapid current, give a turbid appearance to its 
waters. The alluvial lands lying along its course are subject to be covered, during inundations, with drifting'sand; they 
are, however, occupied by a luxuriant vegetation both of trees and herbs. These bottoms are favorites with settlers, aud 
are capable of supporting a dense population. The river is navigable to its falls, 2,000 miles, but is rapid and can only be 
readily ascended by steam-power. Of the tributaries of the Missouri, the largest is the Osage River, which disembogues 
120 miles from its mouth. At this point it is 400 yards wide, and is navigable for boats of light drall for about 200 mites 
at higli water. About the head waters of this stream are found the best cotton lands in the State. The Gasconade comes 
Into the Missouri east of the Osage, near the village of Hermann, and is important for the supplies of fine plank and 
tm]I)er it furnishes to the country below. The Maramec, a beautiful river, runs through the mineral region, and flows 
Into the Mississippi IS miles below St. Louis. Further south are the rivers St. Francis and "White, which pass into 
Arkansas after spreading numerous branches over the southern part of this State. Several tributaries of the Arkansas 
water the south-west section, but are not navigable. 

North of the Missouri are Salt and Copper rivers, which empty into the Mississippi; and the northern tributaries of 
the Missouri are the Grand and Chariton rivers, both navigable, and composed of numerous brauehes, which drain a 
large covmtry. Further west, and falhng also into the Missouri, are the Platte and Nodaway. Many of the rivers of 
Missouri are obstructed by.rafls and fallen trees, and more especially is this the case with the Grand, Osage, Salt, Maramec, 
and St. Francis; the navigation of these, however, will be improved at no distant period, or as soon as the wants and 
Interests of the people demand such improvements. Other rivers th.in tliose mentioned are of minor importance. 

The mineral region of Missouri occupies an area of about 18,000,000 acres. As early as 1713 it was described in a 
French chart as "au pays pleiu de mines." It extends from the head waters of the St. Francis to the Maramec Kiver, a 
dist;mre of about 70 mjle^ in length, and from the Mississippi in a south-westerly direction, about 60 miles. The elevation 
of the district above the sea level varies from 600 to 1,200 feet. The chmate is equable and salubrious, and the superin- 
cumbent soil moderately fertile. No one of the mining dislriets of Europe enjoys such facilities of supporting a largo 
population; and yet the llarz Mountains, with an area of 300,000 acres, sustains 60,000 inhabitants; the Erzgebirge, 
of Saxony, with about 1.300,000 acres, sustains 500,000 inhabitants; and Cornwall, with 760,000 acres, S.00,000 inhabitants. 
Populated as the Erzgebirge, in the ratio of one inhabitant to every three ai-res, the mineral region of Missouri would 
sustain 6,000,000 of souls, and probably the working members of such a population might find here employment for ages. 
Excepting gold and platina, most of the important and useful metals and ores are known to exist in Missouri. The 
following minerals, metallic and non-metallic, arranged here according to their intrinsic value, have been found within its 
limits — lead, iron, copper, cobalt, silver, nickel, zinc and calamine, manganese and wadd, coal, rock salt, barytus. sand 
auil quartz, carbonate and sulphate of lime, alumine an<l potter's clay, fuller's earth, variegated marble and oolite, salt- 
petre, antimony, tin, tungstate of iron aud lead, diamonds, chalcedony aud feldspar, and some others of perhaps a 
minor importance. 

The lead mines have been wrought since the first settlement of the country. The ore is in the form of sulphuret and 
carbonate, and in the upper mines at Potosi it is found mixed with calamine and blende. The lead region extends over 
the counties of Madison. St. Fran9ois, St Louis, Washington, etc. Formerly the carbonate was considered as worthless, 
but it is now reduced in blast furnaces, and yields 72 per cent. The sulphuret yields from 60 to SO per cent., and contains 
about 6 per cent, of silver. Iron in the form of hematite, and the ochrey, the micaceous and red oxjdes, are fmnd in 
the greatest abundance. The ores exist throughout the mineral region, and extend even into the coal formation, which 
O'^cupies so large & surface. Abundant, easily manufactured, and the transportation easy, this is essentially the staple of 
Missouri. Her celebrated mountains of micaceous oxydes — the Iron Mountain and Pilot Knob— are almost inexhaustible^ 
They form the eastern extreme of the Ozarks, and are situated in St, Francois County, a few miles east of Potosi, and only 
40 miles from St. Genevieve, on the Mississippi. The two peaica are about 6 miles apart, the more northerly of the 
elevations, the Iron Mountain, is U niil*'^ l*^>ng ^^^ "144 feet high. Its whole top is a solid mass of iron, and one sees 
nothing Init iron lumps as far as the eye can reach. The ore yields 60 per cent, of pig, and is deemed a most superior 
m.-tal. Pilot Knob is 1,500 feet high. Dr. Feuchtwanger estimates the quantity of pig u"on embedded in tliese mountains 
alone at 600,000,000 of tons, enough to sujiply the world for more than a century-. The mines of Elba, of Sweden, or of 
Norway, together, do not contain an amount equal to this. The mines of copper are chiefly found in the south and west 
portions of the mineral region, but exist in other parts. The ore is of every variety and usually very rich. It is found 
in combination with lead and iron, frequently witli manganese, cobalt, and nickel, and occasionally with silver. It is 
generally pyritous, but oxydes and carbonates are frequently found. The ores a])pear as a cement uniting angular frag- 
ments of lime rock forming a breccia, and much of it is easily removed by a pickaxe alone. As a general thing the 
yield is about S4 per cent, of metal. Hitherto mining for copper has been little attended to, but it is now probable that 
operations will be commenced on a large scale, and as the indications of extensive lodes have been traced for miles, this 
product is destined to be one of the most valuable of the State ; indeed, the coi)per mines of Missouri are said to be more 
valuable' than even those of Lake Superior, The several metals found in eond)ination with the above, namely, silver, 
zinc, manganese, cobalt, nickel, etc., give an additional value to the mines, and ;is tin has been found near Caledonia, it 
may be said of Missouri, that no other State or country is richer in metallic wealth, or has better prospects of future pros- 
perity. The substantial wealth of England and Belgium is drawn from their mine^, but neither of these countries can 
compare in any one respect with this State. 

Minenils of the non-met'tllic kinds are everywhere as abundant as could be desired. The carboniferous limcstono 
formaiion, on which St. Louis is built, and which extends thmiighout the northern division of the State, forms a beautiful 
and compact building material. Sandstones are abundant, but coarse and looso in texture. The whito sandstone of SL 

493 



MISSOURI. 



Genevieve makes superior glass. PorpliyrifS. suset'jtlible of a liij;h polish, are numerous in Southern Missouri, and afe 
V'ell fitted for arcliileelural and ornamental uses. Sieuite is aiso Ibund, and marbles of various textures e.vist in several 
couulics. Gypsum has been discovered in .Jaclison County ; and in caverns near the Maramec, Current, and Gasconade, 
saltpetre exists in vast quantities. Sulphate of baryta, or heavy spar, is found in the lead dijsginjjs. 

Tlie northern coal measures of Missouri are continuous with those of Illinois; it is in geUL-ral called bituminous coaL 
At Cote sans Dessein, however, it assumes the form of cannel. It has been discovered at several distinct points in Cole 
and Callaway counties, and as high as forty miles upon the Osage. Some of its layers are of great thickness, and on di»- 
lillation it yields excellent coke and a gas that burns with a bright and copious flame; and being destitute of sulphur, it is 
well adapted to furnaces and manufacturing purposes. 

A great variety of clays, useful for economical purposes, .are found in different parts. The subsoil of the region around 
St. Louis, abountling as it does in oxyde of iron and alumina, makes brick of a handsome red tint and smooth te-xture ; it 
is fitted, too, for the manufacture of pottery. Variegated clays are found in the same vicinity. Kaolin, Or porcelain clay, 
and pipe clays have been discovered near Caleilonia and Cape Girardeau, and delft-ware is manufactured in St. Louis 
from clays obtained near Commerce, in Scott County. 

Except on the prairies, Missouri is well timbered. The river bottoms, in particular, are covered with a luxuriant 
growth of oak, elm, ash, hickory, cotton-wood, and black ;ind white walnut. In the more barren districts are found 
wliite and pin oak, and sometimes forests of yellow pine. Many of the trees and shrubs met with dilTcr from (hose found 
in the same latitude in Ohio. The crab-apjilc. pawpaw, and persimmon are abundant, as also the hazel and pecan. 
Tiirec wild species of grape-vine are common throughout the country. The prairies are clothed in the proper season with 
numerous varieties of flowers, and with a coarse, tall grass, which, either green or cured, is excellent fodder for cattle. - 
The general capacity of the country for agricutlure is unsurpasscl, and every kind of grain and esculent vegetable, with 
■flax and hemp, find in one part or another a congenial soil ami climate. Tobacco is also a staple production; and table 
fruits, as the apple, pear, peach, nectarine, etc., grow in prolusion. As a grazing country, Missouri is one of the best ; the 
prairies are excellent natural pastures, and the business of rearing cattle is almi'st reduced to the simple operation of turn- 
ing them upon these prairies and letting them fatten until the owner thinks proper to claim the tribute of their hides and 
other products. Hogs are also raised with great ease in the forests. 

Missouri is divided into 100 counties, the general statistics of which and the capitals of each, in 1S50, were as follows: 



Counties. 



Dwell. 



Adair 383. 

Andrew 1,377. 

Atchison 291. 

Audrian 493. 

Barry 6«. 

Bales 620. 

Benton 7S9. 

Boone 1,924. 

Buchanan 2,030. 

Builer 205. 

Caldwell 858. 

Callow.ay 1.612 

Camden 360. 

Cape Girarileau 2,103. 

Carroll 770. 

Cass 9.33. 

Cedar 661. 

Chariton 1,096. 

Clarke 806. 

Clay 1.352. 

Clinlon .560. 

Cole 9S4. 

Cooper 1,717. 

Crawford 994. 

Dade 659. 

Dallas 597. 

Daviess 734. 

DeKalb 338. 

Dodge 57. 

Dunklin 215. 

Franklin. 1,925. 

Gasconade 950. 

Gentry 70S. 

Greene 2,046. 

Grundy 477. 

Harrison 8S7. 

Henry 561. 

Hickory 364. 

Holt 614. 

Howard 1.64T. 

Jackson 1,719. 

Jasper. 664. 

Jefferson 1,119. 

Johnson 1,030. 

491 



Pop. 

. 2.342. 
, 9,483. 

1,648. 

3,506. 

3,467. 

8,669. 

5.015. 
14,979. 
12,975. 

1,616. 

2.316. 
.13,827. 
. 2..38S. 
.13,912. 
. 6,441. 
. 6,1 190. 
. 8.301. 
. 7,514. 
. 6,527. 
.10,332. 
. 8,7S6. 
. 6.696. 
.12,9.50. 
. 6,-397. 
. 4.246. 
. 8,648. 
. 5,293. 
. 2,075. 
. 853. 
. 1,229. 
.11,021. 
. 4.996. 
. 4248. 
.12,785. 
. 8.006. 
. 2,447. 
. 4.052. 
. 2,329. 
. 8.9.57. 
.13,969. 
.14,000. 

4.223. 

6,928. 

7,404. 



Farms Maniif. 



lilt. 
. 326.. 
. 873.. 

. 188.. 
. 41?.. 

8S9.. 
. 472.. 
. .510.. 
.1,376.. 
,1,253.. 
. 143.. 

2.32.. 
1.169.. 

214.. 
1,019.. 

333.. 

129.. 

347.. 

6.59.. 
, 425.. 
.944.. 
. 334.. 
. 633.'. 
,1,064.. 
, 715.. 
. 567.. 

861.. 

342.. 
. 229.. 
49.. 
76.. 
1,096.. 
, 5.33.. 
. 444.. 
1,28;3. . 
, 265.. 
. 141.. 

385.. 

190.. 

.31 6. . 
,1,105.. 

9.S6.. 
, 403.. 
, 704.. 

i50.. 



K,i,a,. "^'Pi'"''- 

5..Kirksville 
33..Savanniih 

5.. Linden 
10.. Mexico 

2..M'Donald 

CBatesville 
10.. "Warsaw 
21. .Columbia 
S9.. Sparta 

O..Cano Creek . 

7.. Kingston 
38.. Fulton 

O..Erie 

81 . ..Tackson 
15. .Carrollton 
19. . IlarrisoTU iUc 

7. .Fremont 
24. .KeytesviUe 
12.. Waterloo 
42.. Liberty 

O..Plattsburg 
28. ..JeffkksonCity 
79. .Boonevillo 

9..Steelsvillo 
13..r,reeullcld 

3.. Buffalo 

8.. Gallatin 

L.Maysville 

0.. Butler 

2..Chillitecaux 

82. .Newport 
IG.. Hermann 

0.. Athens 
50. .Springfield 

5.. Trenton 

0.. Bethany 
11.. CI in ton 

6. .Hermitage 

5.. Oregon 
85.. Fayette 
78. .Independence 

8. .Carthage 
12..Hillsboro' 
2S..Warrcn8burg 



Ctiiinties. Dwell, 

Kno.x 427 

La Clcdo 885 

Lafayette 1,459. 

Lawrence 743. 

Lewis 905. 

Lincoln 1,239. 

Linn 625. 

Livingston 658. 

Macon 1,079. 

M'Donald 371. 

Madison 873 

Marion 1,595. 

Mercer 412. 

Miller 592. 

Mississippi 443. 

Moniteau 901 . 

Monroe 1,296. 

Montgomery 754. 

Morgan 754. 

New M.adrid.... 762. 

Newton 653. 

Nodaway 325. 

Oregon 252 

Osage 1,032 

Ozark 861 

Perry 1,111. 

Pettis 714. 

Pike 1.671. 

Platte 2,490. 

Polk 907. 

Pulaski 630. 

Putnam 265. 

E.alls 777. 

Uandoiph 1,157. 

Pay 1,467. 

P.eynolds 293. 

Pipley 445 

SU Charles 1,6-33 

SI. Clair 531 

St. Frangois 704 

St. Genevieve .. S14, 
Sl.l.-iuisCounlyI3,4.30, 

Saline 950, 

Schuyler 539 



Pop. 
.. 2,894. 
. 2,493. 
.13,690. 
. 4,359. 
. 6,678. 
. 9,421. 
. 4,058. 
. 4,«7. 
. 6,565. 
. 2,286. 
.. 6,003. 
.12,230. 
. 2,691. 
. 3.834. 
. 3,123. 
. 6,004. 
.10,541. 
. 5.4S9. 
. 4,650. 
. 6,541. 
. 4,268. 
. 2,118. 
. 1,4.32. 
. 6,704. 
. 2,294. 
. 7,216, 
5,160. 
.13.609. 
.16.545., 
. 6,136. 
. 3,993. 
. 1.657. 
. 6.151. 
. 9.489. 
.10,373. 
. 1,849. 
. 2.830. 
.11,4.54. 
.. 8,666. 
. 4,964. 
. 5,313. 
104.978. 
. 8,313. 
. 3,287. 



FKTmrt Maniil. ^„„.,.,,. 
in cult. E.tab C«p,ul.. 


. 303. 


. 7 


.Edina 


. 233. 


2 


.Wiota 


. 895. 


67 


.Lexington 


. 410. 


5. 


.Mount Vernon 


. 448. 


15 


.Monticello 


. 849. 


. 10 


.Troy 


. 429. 


0. 


.Linneus 


. 457. 


2. 


. Chillicolhe 


. 711. 


8 


.Bloomington 


. 826. 


42. 


. Uulledge 


. 515. 


19 


. Fredericktown 


. 810. 


76. 


.Palmvra 


. 273. 


3 


. Princeton 


. 369. 


0. 


.Tuscumbia 


. 271. 


0. 


.Ohio City 


. 761. 


15 


■ California 


. 926. 


21. 


. Paris 


. 6ii7. 


16 


. Danville 


. 455. 


12. 


.Versailles 


. 407. 


30. 


.New Madrid 


. 293. 


11. 


.Neosho 


. 241. 


3. 


.Nodaway 


. 180. 


8. 


Tliomasville 


. 711. 


9. 


.Linn 


. 253. 


5. 


.llockbridge 


. 743. 


-35. 


. Perry viUe 


, 800. 


16. 


. Georgetown 


. 989. 


47. 


.Bowling Grcon 


1,651.. 


64. 


Plalte City 


. 543. 


6. 


.U.ilivar 


. 471. 


8. 


. Wavriesville 


. 202. 


0. 


.Pulnamville 


. 541. 


18. 


.New London 


. 993. 


47. 


. Ilunlsville 


. 8.33. 


30. 


. Uichmond 


145.. 


0. 


Leslerville 


. 2.58. 


7. 


.Doniphan 


.1.035. 


83. 


.81. Charles 


. 827. 


6. 


. Oseola 


. 4.37. 


11. 


.Farinington 


. 425. 


16. 


.St. Genevieve 


1,294.1,409 


.SLLouUClty 


. 687. 


8. 


Marshall 


. 440. 


6. 


.Lancaster 



MISSOURI. 



Coiintieg. Dwell. Pop. 

Sc.tlaiid S8S.. 8.7S2.. 

Scott 800..«3.1S2.. 

Shannon 204.. 1,199.. 

SlR-ll.y 032.. 4,253.. 

StoilAirJ 719.. 4,271.. 

Sullivan 467.. 2,983.. 



Farms Manuf 
in cull. E8Iab. 



3.S4.. 
20S.. 

162.. 
397.. 
418.. 
*317.. 



rspitals. 

6.. .Memphis 
9. ..Benron 
0. . .Em nence 
14...0:ikilale 
2...BloomflL'ld 
5. . .Milan 



Counties. 

Taney 

Texas 

Warren 

Wasliington . 
Wayne 



Dwell. 
. 680.. 
. 394. 
. 899. 
.1.291. 
. 099. 
Wrisrbt Ml. 



Pop. 

4,373. 
2,312. 
5.800. 
8.811. 
4..'il8. 
3,387. 



Farms Manuf. 

in cult. Estab. Capitals, 

509.. 



232.. 
744.. 
713.. 
478.. 
371.. 



Forsyth 

Houston 

Warrenton 

. Polosi 

.Greenville 

.Vlarlsvillo 



The whole number of dwellings in the State w-ts. at the above date, 96.849: of families. 1110,890; and or inhabilants, 
682.114:5*; viz., whiles 592,077— males 312,936, and femali-s 279,091 : fr. eol. 2.544— males 1,338. and females 1,206, and si. 87.422. 
Of the whole population there were, chi'lf urn! rfmofc- wh. 244, fr. col. II. si. 15— t'lUil 2.59 ; hlintl—wh. ISO, fr. col. 3, .•si. 
25— toUal 211 ; ;iM«?j*^\vh. 271, fr. col. 2, si. 9— total 282; and «/i<i«!c— wh. 304, fr. col. 0, si. 29— total .3:33. The number 
of free persons born in the United States was 520,826, the number of foreign birth 72.474, and of birlh unknown 1,322. 
The niitire p(.pulation originated as follows: Me. 311, N. Ilamp. 304, Verm. 630, Mass. 1,103, K. I. 124, Conn. 742, N. Y. 
5,010, N. J. 885, reiin. 8.291, Del. 518, Mil. 4.2.53, Dist, of Col. 238, Virg, S,357, N. Car. 21.487, S. Car. 27,908, Ga. 17,606, 
Flor. 629. Ala. 34.047, Mi»s. 60S, La. 746, Tev. 2+8, Ark. 2.120, Tenn. 44.970, Ky. 69,694, Oh, 12,737, Mieh. 295, Ind. 12,7.52, 
111. 10.917, .)//.«<>«;•; 277.604, la. 1,366, Wise. 123. Territories 80; and the foreign populatiim w.as composed of persons 
from- ICnsland 5,379, Ireland 14.734, Seolland 1,IU9, Wales 176, Germany 44.352, France 2,1:;S, Spain 46, Portugal 11, 
Belc'ium ."is, Holland 189, Turkey 7, Italy 124, Austria 71, Swilzerland 084, Russia 29, Denmark 5.5, Norway 15.5, Sweden 
B7, Prussia 697, Sardinia 1, Asia's, Africa 7, British America 1,053, Me.vico 94, Central America 0, South America 20, 
West Indies 60, Sandwich Islands 1, and other countries 954. 

The following table will show the decennial progress of the population since the first census of the State taken by tho 
United States authorities : 

Colnrej I'eraona. Decennial Increase. 

Cen.^us White , . ■ s Tc.tal ,— • — , 

years. I'prsons. Frre. .= lave, T.it.tl, Popi.l.itjon. Numerical. Percent. 

ISIO 17,227 607 S.Oll 3.918 20,845 — — 

1S20 56,081 283 10,222 10,505 66,586 45.741 219.6 

18.30 114,.808 661 25,091 25,6152 140,465 78,809 110.9 

1S40 823,838 1,574 58,240 59,814 SS:!,702 243,247 173.2 

1S60 592,078 2,544 87,423 89,960 6>2,044 29S,;M2 77.8 

The statistics of the wealth, industry, and institutions of the State, as exhibited by the census of 1850, and other official 
documents rel'orriug to the same period of time, are as follows : 

Occupied Lends, fte.— Improved farm lands, 2,924,091 acre.'), and attached lands unimproved, 6,767,937 acres— valued 
together in cash at $63,057,482. Whole number of farms under cultivation, 64,458. Value of farming implements and 
machinery, $3,965,946. 

Zire-siock-.—llnrses. 223,593; asses and mule.?, 41,508; milch cows, 22S,.553; working oxen, 111.2CS; other cattle, 
445,016 ; sheep, 750,309; and swine, 1,092,043- valued in the aggregate at $19,766,851. In 1840, according to tho census 
of that year, there were in the State: 196,032 horses, mules, etc; 433,875 neat catUe of all kinds; 348,018 sheep; and 
1,271,101 swine. 

Products of Animah.—ViatA, 1,615,860 pounds; buller, 7,792,499 pounds; theese, 202,123 pounds; and the cash 
value of animals slaughtered during the year amounted to $3,319,517. The production of sUk cocoons was 186 pounds ; 
and the quantity of beeswax and honey obtained was 1,327,812 pounds. 

Grain C/0/J.S.— Wheat, 2,906.928 bushels: rye. 44,112 bushels; Indian com, 36,069,543 bushels; oats, 6,24:),476 bushels; 
barley, 9,631 bushels ; and buckwheat, 23,590 bushels. The crops of Ihese cereals, according to the census of 1840, were : 
wheal, 1,037,386 bushels: rye, 68,068 bushels; Indian corn, 17,332,524 bushels; oats, 2,234,947 bushels; barley, 9,801 
buslielB; and buckwheat. 15,318 bushels, 

OtlM- Food Crops.— Vmh, 700 pounds; peas and beans, 45,974 bushels: and poUatoes— Irish, 934,627 bushels, and 
sweet, 3.32.120 bushels. The potato crop reported in the census of 1840 was 783.768 bushels. 

MiscdluiKous Ccops.— Tobacco, 17.100,884 pounds: bay. 116,743 tons: clover-seed, 615 bushels; other grass-seed, 4,33T 
bushels: hops, 3,130 pounds: hemp— dew-rotled 17.207 tons, and waler-rolted 5.:351 tons; flax, 530,008 pounds: fla.v-3ced, 
18,041 bushels ; maple sugar, 178,750 pounds ; molasses, 5.036 gallons ; wine, 10.563 gallons, etc. The value of orchard 
products was $512,527. and of market-garden products $99,464. In the census of 1840 the production of cotton is noted 
at 121.122 pounds— this crop is not noticed in the census of 1860. 
Tho following table will exhibit the increase of live-stock, and of the principal crops in the decade ending 1 st .June, 1850 : 



staples. latO. 

Wheat 1,087..3S6 bushels 

Indian corn 17,3.32,.524 " 

Oata 2.2.34.947 " 

Tobacco 9,067,913 pounds 

Hemp, dew-rotled "1 

'■ water-rolled I 18,010} tons 

Flax J 

Neat Cattle 43.3.875 heads 

Swine 1,271.161 " 

Sheep ■ 848,013 " 

Wool 562,265 pounds 



In. 



1,929,542 bushels, or 18S.0 per cent 
18,737.019 " or 103.1 " 
3,0I18,.529 " or 131.6 " 
8,032.971 pounds, or 88.6 " 



10,705,743 



or 26.5 



ISSO, 
. 2,966,928 bushels . 
. 36.0fi9..543 
. 6.2l:;,476 " 
. 17.100,884 pounds . 
17,20" tons 
5..351 
520.1)08 pounds 
786.4:?6 heads 
. 1,692,043 " 
7.W.3(l9 " 
. 1.616.S0O pounds 

—furnishing resuRs indicative of the more rapid development of the agricultural interests of the State, than the ratio of 
increa.se in the populaiion would warrant; and these results are the more .astonishing, when the increase of mining and 
mamifacturing interests, which have been relatively extensive, are taken into consideration. 



8.51 ,.561 heads, or 81.0 

420.832 " or 83.1 

4ll'!,29I " or 117.3 

1,063,595 pounds, or 187.4 



' A census of Miasou 



, taken under Slate authority, fur 1862, gave tl.e populaUon at 721, 667-634,904 whiles, 2,526 fr, col., and 87.207 slavca. 

495 



* 



MISSOURI. 



Home-made mamifattures for the year ending 1st June, 1850, were valued at $1,603,016. The same class of gooda 
made in 1339-40, were valued at $1,119,5+4 

i(/(i)»//uc(«re«.— Aggregate capital invested, $0,000,000; value of raw material, fuel, etiv, consumed in the year, 
$0,000,000; average number of hands employed 00,000— nuiles 00,000, and females 0,000; average monthly aist of labor 
$O00.iX)O— male $000,000, and female $00,000; total value of products for the year ending 1st June, 1S50, $0,000,000. The 
whole number of manufacturing establishmenis in the Slate producing to the value of $500 and upward annually, at the 
above date, %vas 3,030, and of these two were cotton factories, one a woolen factory, l9 iron manufactories — G of castings, 
5 of pig iron, and 1 of wrought Iron, and US were tanneries. Nearly one-half the total number of establishments are in 
and about Ht. Louis, where almost every trade and handierafl has gained a footing, while in the interior counties the 
manufactories consist of the kinds usually found in agricultural and mming countries. The total capital invested in manu- 
factories in lo40 was $2,704,405. 

The coUun manufactures employ a capit.il of $103,000, and consume annually 2,160 bales of cottojl, and 1,653 tons of 
coal, valued at $S6.446 ; employ 150 hands— males 75, and females SO ; monthly cost of labor, $1,620 ; products, 13,260 bales 
of batting, and value of entire products, $142,900. 

In the wool-en manufacture $20,000 are invested ; 30,000 pounds of wool is used annually ; total value of raw material, 
ftiel, etc., $16,1)00 ; hands employed 25—15 males and 10 fcinalos, at a monthly cost amounting to $515 ; products of the 
year, 12,000 yards of clotli, and 6,000 pairs of blankets, valucil in the whole at $56,000. 

The iron manufactures are stated, in the census of 1S50, as follows : 

Cipltdl In- Value of Raw Average H.inde Moiitlily Cost Product. Vjllue of Annual 

MnnuhKtiirea. vested. aialeruil, etc Eniiilnyed, oi Labor, Tons. ProducU). 

Pig iron $619,000 $97,307 8:14 $3,112 19,250 $344,000 

Cast iron 187,000 133,114 297 5,880 6,200 836,495 

■Wroughtiron 43,100 a4,609 101 8,030 968 63,700 

In ISIO there were 80 men employed in the manufacture of iron, and the capital invested in all iron manufactories 
nmounted only to $79,000, and hence the increase has been nearly 1,000 per cent, in the 10 subsequent years. 

Tlie l*:ad m ines have been comparatively deserted for the past few years, on aecotmt of the miners having gone to Cali- 
fornia, and other circumst;mees. The receipts of lead at St. Louis alone, in 1S50, was 568,800 pigs of 70 pounds, being a 
decrease of 210,169 pigs from the receipts of 1S47. Of the receipts at other ports on the Missouri there are no accessible 
reports. 

In tannei'ifs the capital invested amounts to $228,095 ; value of hides and skins used, $247,956 ; hands employed, 417; 
monthly cost of labor, $8,847; sides of leather produced, 241,334, and skins tanned, 44,403 ; value of products, $406,214. 

Foreign Commerce. — Missouri, from its inland position, can never enjoy any large share of direct commerce with foreign 
nations. The U. 9. Treasury reports, except for the year 1844, have not mentioned e.\ports being made directly, and for 
that year they were v.alued at $293,901 ; but for many years imports, increasing in value year by year, are entered at the 
ports. In 1850 the imports were valued at $359,643. The value of imports in a series of years, commencing with 1833, 
were as follows : in 1833, $5,881 ; in 1336, $8,227 ; in 18:33, $15,921 ; in 1340, $10,600 ; in 1341, $33,375 ; in 1842, $31.137 ; 
In 1844, $120,678; in 1845, .$544,291; in 1846, $73,569; in 1847, $167,195; in 1848, $148,500; in 1349, $130,882; in 1850, 
$359,04;'. The shipping owned in the district, of which 9t. Louis is the port of entry, am<junted in 1850 to 28,907 tons, all 
employed in the river trade, and of which 24,955 tons were navigated by steam. During the year ending 30tli June, 1850, 
five steamers, with an aggregate t*>nnage of 1,353 tons, were built in the district. 

IHwr avd Internal Trwl^^, — Missouri, if shut out from foreign commerce, has a river and internal trade, which 
fully compensates its disadvantages. The Mississippi River forms its great external highway, and tlie Missouri Elver, 
with its wide-spreading affluents, gives it access to the interior. On these rivers an immense trade is constantly being 
carried on. St. Louis being the great recei\ing and distributing depOt of tlie Slate. It would be ahnost impossible 
to estimate the extent or value of this commerce. In 1351 of steamboats alone 2.641 arrived at St. Louis, and of these 800 
were from New Orleans, 401 from ports on the Ohio River, 034 from the Illinois River, 0.39 from the Upper Mississippi, 
801 from the Missouri Kiver, 43 from the Cumberland T.ivcr, 119 from Cairo, and 175 from otlter ports. Tliese bring,aud 
take away the material of a v,ast trade, and give to St. Louis all the advantages that port could have if near the sea- board. 
But bcsi,le these, barges and lieei boats navigate all the waters, and perhaps transport an equal amount of merchandise 
with the steamboats. Tlie whole tonnage entered in the year above named was 683,140 tons. 

Int<rnal Jmprovmuntn. — Common roatls and bridges excepted, Missouri is almost blameless of works of .ntenial itn- 
provemenL Every other interest of the State is far ahead of this, the most needful to its pennaneut prosperity. At the 
commencement of 1850 there were only five macadamized roads in the whole country, and these, all centering at St. 
Louis, only passed a few miles into the interior. The spirit of motlern improvement, however, h.TS not slept, nor have 
the people been unmindful of the benefit that the railroad will realize to the country. A splendid system of raihoads has 
been provided for, which will carry two lines directly across the Slate — one from Hannibal, on the Mississippi, to St. Jo- 
eeidis, on the Missouri, and the other from St- Louis to the mouth of Kans.as River — both intended to be carried ultimately 
to the Pacific Ocean, and from the latter a south-western branch will be built to the borders of Arkansas. From St. Louis 
will also be built a railroad northward and through Iowa to the settlements of Minnesota. Besides these a railroad will 
bo built from St. Louis to the Iron Mounttiin ; and other roads contemplated are the Platte County Railroad, the Lexing- 
ton and Daviess County Railroad, anil the Canton and Bloomfield Railroad. The whole length of these railroads pro- 
jected is about 1.2110 miles, but less than 40 miles was in use on the 1st .January, 1853. The following sums have been 
appropriated by the General Assembly to aid in their construction : for the Hannibal and St. Josephs Railroad, $1,500,000; 
the Pacific Railro.ad and its south-western branch, $4,000.000 ; the Xorth Missouri P.ailroad, $2,000,000 ; the Iron MounUain 
P.ailroad. $7,')0,000: the Platte County Railroad, $.WO,000 ; the Le.vinglon and Daviess County Railroad, .$300,000, and the 
Canton and Bloomfield Railroad, $300,000. The right of way through the public lands is also granted by the General 
Government. "With these metins anil facilities the works ought to progress rapidly to completion. 

Bankx.—'Tha Bank of the State of Missouri, at St. Lonis, and its branches at Lafayette, Jackson, Lexington, Palmyra, 
and Springfield, were the only banking institutions in operation on the 1st January, 1851, and their aggregate condition 
at that date was as follows: /.iii5«i?i.-s— capital, $1,209,181 (of which $9.54,205 were owned by the State, and $2.5.1,926 by 
Individuals) ; circulation, $2,.'J22,5liO ; deposits, $1,093,981, and due other banks, $76,230 ; and— as-se(s ; loans anri discounts, 
13,533,46:1; real estate, $123,928; other investments, $273,317 ; due by other banks, $68,028 ; notes of other banks, .$-37,518 ; 
49S 



MISSOURI. 



and specie, $I,18S,'2G8, There is a constitutional prohibition agaiast establishing more than one banli, with not more than 
five branches, and the capital is limited t<j $5,000,000, of whkh at least one half must be held by the State. 

Gorernment.—The governmrtit is based on the constitution ■■' done hi convention" on the 12lh June, 1S20. The right 
of suffrage is enjoyed by every free white male citizen of the United States, twenty-one years old, resident in the Stale 
^e year before the election, and three months in the place wiiere he offers his vote. The general election is held on the 
first Monday in August biennially. 

Lfj/iMative pmaer is vested in a General Assembly, composed of a House of Representatives and a Sensfte. Represent- 
atives, in number not above TOO, and chosen in comities every second year, shall be free wliite male citizens of the United 
States, 24 years of age, inhabiUinta of the State for two years, and of the county for one year next before the election, and 
shall have paid a tax. Senators, in number not more than 33, nor less than 14, shall have att dned the age of 30, and be 
citizens of the CTnited States, residents of the State four years, and shall be chosen for four years, one half of the senators 
retiring every second year. The General Assemljly convenes at Jefferson City on the last Monday in December, biennially. 
No laws ehail be passed to emancipate slaves without the consent and payment of their owners, or to prevent immigrants 
from bringing with them slaves of the same description with those in the State ; but laws may be passed prohibiting the 
Importation of the slave* who have committed a high crime, or as merchaydiso, slaves, or the offspring of slaves, im- 
ported into the United States, and permitting emancipation, saving the rights of creditors. Owners are obliged to treat 
their slaves with humanity, and slaves, in criminal cases, shall have a trial by jury, and have the same protection in their 
livea and persons as white persons. Free negroes and mulaltoes are prohibited from coming into the State. The laws 
of the General Assembly shall be revised and digested every ten years. 

The Governor must be 35 years of age, a native citizen of the United States, or a citizen thereof at the adoption of the 
constitution, or an inhabitant of the territory now called Missouri at the time of its cession, must have resided in the State 
four years next before election, and is chosen for a term of four years, but can not serve two successive terms. The Hen- 
ten ant-go vemor. who is c^-q^cio president of the Senate, must have the same qualifications, etc., as the governor, and is 
elected at the same time and for the same term. The governor may veto a bill of the General Assembly, but a subsequent 
majority of both houses makes it law notwithstanding. A vacancy occurring in the office of governor, is filled first by 
Iho lieutenant-governor, and after him by the president of the Senate pro tempo7-e, and he failing, by the S]>eaker of the 
House ; but a new election shall be had after three months' notice, unless the vacancy occur within 18 mouliis of the end 
of the term . 

The principal administrative officers of the State are the Secretary of State, who is also Superintendent of Public Schools, 
the Auditor of Accounts, the State Treasurer, the Attorney-general, the Register of Lands, the Adjutant-general, Quarter- 
' master-general, and Surveyor-general, and the President and Cashier of the Bank of the State. 

The judiviary consists of a Supreme Court and Circuit Courts, County Courts, Justices' Courts, etc. The supreTue 
courf has appellate jurisdiction only. The three judges of this court are elected for six years by the qualified voters of 
the State, and are re-eligible at the expiration of the term. Two sessions are held annually, one at Jefferson City, and one 
at St. Louis. The attorney-general is ex-o^cio reporter of the decisions of the Court. A circuit ooriH is held twice a 
year in each county ; its jurisdiction extends to all matters of cost and contract over $00, where the demand is liquidated, 
and over $50, where the agreement is parole ; and it has exclusive criminal jurisdiction, and a supervision over the county- 
courts and justices of the peace, subject to the correction of the supreme court. The judges of the circuit court are 
elected by the qualified voters of their respective circuits, and for the term of sLx years. The jurisdiction of the county 
courts is limited to matters of probate and local county affairs, as roads, etc. A county court sits in each county, and is 
composed of three justices, who are elected by the people, and hold their offices for four years. Appeal lies to the circuit 
cnurL The county court of SL Louis County Is composed of seven justices. In addition to the circuit and county courts, 
St. Louis has a Court of Common Pleas, with jurisdiction very similar to the circuit c/)urt ; a Criminal Court ; a distinct 
Courtof Probate, which relieves the county court from probate duties ; and a Recorder's Court. The judges of the circuit 
and criminal court are elected in the same manner and for the same term as the circuit juilges. There is also a distinct 
Court of Common Pleas for the city of Hannibal. These are local tribunals, exercising jurisdiction only in their counties, 
except the Recorder's Court of SI. Louis, the jurisdiction of which is confined to small offenses, and within the city limits. 
From the Court of Common Pleas and the Criminal Court appeal lies to the Supreme Court, and the judges of the Com- 
mon Pleas are appointed like the circuit judges, with like tenures. Tho probate ju-lgc is elected .by the people of the 
county for four years, and the recorder by the people of the city of St, Louis for two years. 

Amendments to the constitution may be proposed by a vote of two-thirds of the members of the General ^Vsscmbly, 
and shall be published twelve months before the general election ; and if at the first session thereatter they are confirmed 
by a vote of two-thirds of the members, they become a part of the constitntion. 

The militia forc£ of the State, according to the Army Register for 1S50, consists of 61,000 men of all arms, of which 
3.919 are commissioned offieers, and 57,0S1 non-commissioned officers, musicians, artificers, and privates. Of the com- 
missioned officers 45 are general officers. 94 general staff officers, 790 fleM officers, etc., and 2,900 company officers. 

The Statf. institutions for the relief of the unfortunate, are the Lunatic Asylum at Fulton, completer! in 1S5-2, and which 
In that year received twenty-three patients ; and the Deaf and Dumb Asylum at the same place, and yet completed but 
partially, which had seventeen inmates. At St. Louis there are several benevolent institutions, hospitals, etc., which in 
part are supported by the State. 

Stat^ Finance.% Th'U, eft?.— The receipts into the Treasury for the two years ending SOth September, 1S50, amounted 
to $7S7,08S 71, to which must be added balance from the biennial period 1S47-4S of $405,404 00— making a total means 
of $1,192,493 61. Expenditures in 1549-50, $532,555 82, leaving a balance of $659,907 79, of which sum $509,036 19 be- 
longs to the revenue fund. The State debt, exclusive of the surplus revenue deposited with the State, was $922,261, which 
was the exact amount of Slate bonds sold and outstanding. Of these bonds, $34,000 have been redeemed and cancelled 
during the year. The sinking fund, at the date of report, amounted to $9,394 7S, and had claims to $3,497 54, dividends 
not re-invested ; and the State owns bank stock in the Bank of Missouri, amounting to $954,205 22, as follows : Of the 
seminary fund, $100,000; of the State school fund, $575,667 96; of the sinking fund, $6,273 66; and in its own right, 
$272,263 60 ; but the bank claims a due from the State for money advanced and interest, $124,026 47. The value of all 
property, real and personal, assessed for taxation in 1S50, amounted, according to the State reports, to $98,595,463 — but as 
truly estimated by the census of the same year, to $187,247,707. 

Federal Representation.— Xn accv^rdance with the act apportioning representation, passed on the 23d May, 1350, Mifl- 
eouri sends serew representatives to the Congress of the United Stales. 

82 49T 



MISSOURI. 



Educatkm. — The public education is under the charge of the Secretary of State, who is ex-tyffit'io supL-rintendent 
of common schools. The principal of the common school fund amounts to $575,007 96, and has been loaned on bonJ to 
the State lank, which pays interest on the amount semi-annually. The proceeds of this are distributed among the 
counties • cording to the number of children reported, and this proportion is distributed among teachers therein. There 
IS also a seminary fund, amounting to $100,000. Private schools and academies are established throughout the State ; anft 
besides these there are sL\ collegiate establishments: the Missouri University, the University of St. Louis, SL Vtncent's 
College, the Masonic CoUegej SL Charles College, and Fayette College. The statistics of these several establishmenta in 
1S50, were as follows: 



Names. Location. Foiimled. 

University of Missouri Columbia 1S40 . . 

University of St. Louis (1^. Cath.) .... St. Louis 1S3'2 . . 

St. Vincent's College (11. Cath.) Cape Girardeau 1&43 . , 

Masonic College New Palmyra Is31 , . 



Profess ori 

.... 12 .. 
.... IT .. 
.... 10 .. 
.... 5.. 



Sludenta. 



45 . 
20 . 
75 , 



Alumni, Lilirnries. 

,.. 26 1,800 

, . . 25 12,000 

... S5 :.. 5,500 

... 13 2.S50 

, . . 1" *900 



St. Charles Colk-ge (Meth.) St. Charles 1S37 4 ... 

Fayette College Fayelte. — 2 . . , 

There are medical departments attached to both universitiea ; and besides the above, there are several theolngicaj sem- 
inaries in the Stale. 

Libraries. — One State library, 4,G37 volumes ; two social, 5,799 volumes; five college, 18,465 volumes; fiv Students', 
1,605 volumes ; one academic or professional, 500 volumes ; one scientific and historical, 300 volumes ; four public school, 
6,200 volumes— total, 19 libraries, 37,506 volumes. 

Periodical Press. — The whole number of periodicals published in Missouri in 1850 was 74, circulating at each issue 
60,000 copies, or annually 4,C75,6S0 copies. Of this number 16 were whig in politics, 17 democratic, and 41 neutral, or 
papers devoted to religious, literary, scientific subjects, etc., including all the characters of which is not named in the 
returns ; and of the whole number 7 were published daily, issuing 10,S00 copies, or 1,220,400 annually ; 3 tri-wcekly, 1,200 
copies, or annually 187,200 copies; 3 semi-weekly, 2,200 copies, or annually 228,800 copies; 51 weekly. 56,140 copies, or 
annually 2,919,280 copies; and 7 monthly, 10,000 copies, or annually 120,000 copies. The dailies are all pul)Iished at St 
Louis— the " Times," the " Intelligencer," the " Organ and Reveille," the " Republican," the " Union," and two G-erraan 
papers ; the trv-iceeklies at St. Louis, and are editions of llie dailies, the " Times," the " Republican," and the " Union" ; 
the semi-iceeJcUe$ at St Louis, Independence, and Boonville ; the ■iceeklie-'i — 12 at St. Louis, 5 of which are editions of the 
dailies, 1 at Warsaw, 1 at Columbia, 2 at Sparta, 1 at Fulton, I at Jackson, 2 at Cape Girardeau, 1 at Brunswick, 1 at 
Liberty, 2 at Jefferson City, 2 at Boonville, 1 at Union, 1 at Hermann, 2 at Springfield, 2 at Fayette, 2 at Glasgow, 1 at 
Independence, 2 at Lexington, 1 at Bloomingt<^n, 1 at Palmyra, 2 at Hannibal, 1 at New Madrid. 2 at Louisiana, 2 at 
HVeston, 2 at SL Genevieve, 1 at St. Charles, 1 at Oseola, 1 at Paris, 1 at Mouticello, and 1 at ChiUicothe ; and the Jiwjithlies, 
1 at Hermann, the " Licht Freund." a German rationalist advocate, and 6 at St. Louis, the " Valley Farmer," the " St. 
Louis Probe," the " Insurance Reporter,'' the " Western Journal," the ■' Bank Note Detector," and the " Signet'* 

lieli^ioiLS Denomination^,— IhQ statistics of the several religious denominations in the State for the year 1850, according 
to the census, were as follows : 



Denomiaa- No. of 


Cbiircli 


Value of 


Benomina- No. of 


Church 


Value of 




Cliurch 


Value ol 


tions. Cburclies. 


accom. 


Property. 


tions. Cburcbea. 


accom. 


Property. 


tiona. Clmrclie* 


aecom. 


Property. 


BapUsl 273 . 


J1,S57 . 


. J154.4S0 


Germ'nEef. — . 


— . 


$ - 


R. Catholic . 64 .. 


26,102 .. 


$404,575 


Christian... 51 . 


19,870 . 


43,210 


Jewish .... 1 .. 


400 .. 


7,000 


Swedenb'g . — . 


— .. 


— 


Cnngregafl. — .. 


— . 


— 


Luther-au . . 21 . . 


7,260 . 


84,560 


Tunker — . 


— .. 


— 


Dutch Ecf.. — .. 


— . 


— 


Mennonite. 1 . 


200 . 


420 


Union 11 . 


2.850 . . 


6,200 


Episcopal.. 10 .. 


4,200 . 


185,600 


Methodist.. 200 .. 


5-,.350 . 


230,243 


Unitarian . . 2 . . 


2,100 .. 


70.1100 


Free 13 . . 


2,8.50 . 


4,400 


Moravian.. — .. 


.-_ 





UniversaUst 1 .. 


250.. 


600 


Friends — .. 


— . 


— 


Prcsbytcr'n. 103 . . 


41,750 .. 


285,970 


Minor Sects. 17 .. 


5,600 .. 


41,480 



— making a total of 773 churches, ha\ing accommodation for 241,139 persons, and valued at $1,558,590. Missouri oonsti- 
tutes a diocese of the Protestant Episcopal Church ; and also the Roman Catholic diocese of St Louis, in the ecclesiastical 
province of the same name. 

Historical Sketch. — Hernando de Soto may be said to have been the first European that beheld the river Mississippi, 
called by him (April, 1541) on its discovery the Rio Grande. Crossing this stream, probably some 30 miles below Helena, 
in the Slate of Arkansas, he traversed at the head of his adventurous band a goodly portion of the territory beyond. He 
is thought by some, but without sufBcient reason, to have come during his march into the present limits of Missouri. The 
Mississippi was first explored in 1673 by JoHet and M.irquette, a^d more fully in 1082 by La Salle, and by the latter all the 
region between the so-called Illinois country and the Gulf uf Mexico was culled Louisiana, and declared to lie an appen- 
dage of France. From this time settlements began to be made in the valley, advancing from its northern and southern 
extremities into the interior. Canada had long (from lG08)been inhabited by colonists from France; but not till the begin- 
ning of the eighteenth century was the region bordering on the Gulf alike distinguished. Natchez was selUed in 1700, 
Npw Orleans in 1718, and within a few years the whole territory was prolecti-d from Spanish invasion by a chain of forts 
extending from the lakes to the Gulf. Among these was l>uilt in 1719 Fort Orleans, near the mouth of the Osage, not far 
from the present capital of the State. In legal proceedings the region, now known as Missouri, was included by Hie 
French and Spanish in the Illinois country, but popularly and historically it was denominated Upper Louisiana. The 
State of Arkansas was included in the same division. Situated in the central part of the valley, the progress of Missouri 
was not rapid. Its Iea<l mines were worked as early as 1720. In 1755 its oldest town, St. Genevieve, was founded ; St. 
Louis in 17&i; and aftenvard a number of towns in quick succession. Meanwhile (1763) the jurisdicti')n of the valley 
passed from France to Spain and England, the Mississippi being the dividing line between their respective apportion- 
ments ; and by the same treaty Canada also reverted to England. France, after a violent contest had been despoiled of 
all her territorial possessions in North America. During the contest, numbers of Canadian French emigrated liy way of 
the lakes, and going southward located in bothUpper and Lower Louisiana. Hence the first important impulse to the colon- 
ization of Missouri. The population of Spanish Louisiana, at the lime of the public transfer (176y), was e,stiraated at 
18,340 persona, of whom 5,556 were whites, and the remainder negroes. New Orleans alone contained 3,190 souls domi- 
493 



MISSOURI. 



dlmtod in 46S dwellin2;s. A river trado had sprung: up bt-tween the northern and southern portions of the province, and 
the exports at this period amounted to $250,000 annually. 

The character of the new government was conciliating. The laws of Spain were promulgated as the law of the land. 
The highest tribunal in Louisiana was that of the governs, and in Upper Louisiana that of the Lieutenant-governor. 
The commandants of the various posts in the provinces were the inferior tribunals. Lands were granted Liberally to 
colonists, and every facility was given to settlers. Numerous emigrants from Spain flocked into the country. In 1775, 
St. Louis-, originaljy a def>6t for the fur-trade, had increased in population to SOO, and St. Genevieve contained 460 inliab- 
itanls. At this time the American Revolution was commencing, and Spain, siding with the English colonists, entered 
into hostilities against England. In Lower Louisiana and Florida the arms of Spain were sueci-ssful. Meanwhile, 3*. 
Louis was attacked (17S0) by a body of English and Indians, 1,540 strong, from Michilimackinac and the southern extremity 
of Lake Michigan. During the siege, which lasted a week, about 60 persons were killed in the town and vicinity, and it 
is impossible to tell to what extent the enemy might have gone, had not the timely arrival of General Clarke from Kas- 
ka.-kia turned the tide of fortune in favor of the settlers. The general peace of 17S3 put an eml to hostilities. Spain re- 
tained her previous possessions, ami received, in addition, the whole of Florida, of which she had been deprived 20 years 
before. Great Britain resigned East Louisiana, called aJso the Illinois country, to the United States, retaining only her 
northern possesions. 

Emisration into Spanish Louisiana began once more on the re-storation of peace, and trade and agriculture to flourish. 
The hardy settlers of the western part of the United States now built their cabins in numerous places on the west side of the 
Mississippi. As might have been expected, difliculties soon arose between Spain and the Union. Tlie foreign power be- 
came jealous of the increasing greatness of the latter. A dispute relative to the navigation of the Mississippi was settled by 
treaty (20th Oct., 1795), by which Spain granted to the United States free navigation of that river. But Spain never aotcd 
faithfully in this matter, and tlirew obstacles in the way of Americans navigating thalstream. War, indeed, seemed inevit- 
able, and was only pre\'ent€d by the cession of Louisiana to France, on the '21st March, ISOl, aad its disposal by that 
power to the United Stales on the SOtfa April, 1803. At the time of this last cession, the province contained 49,500 inhal)- 
itants, of whom 6,02S were living in Upper Louisiana, The products of its .agriculture in 1302 had been chiefly cotton 
and sugar — of the former 20,000 bales, and of the latter 5,000 hogsheads.. The commerce of New Orleans had become 
extensive ; its exports coming from the province and the westt-rn States and territory, and consisting chiefly of flour, pork, 
salt beef, tobacco, cotton, sugar, molasses, peltries, naval stores, etc., amounted to 40,000 tons. The commerce of Upper 
Louif^ana was flourishing, and a prosperous trade was already carried on between St, Louis and New Orleans, and with 
the settlements on the Ohio. Cumberland, and Tennessee rivers. The annual crop was about SS,00O minots (264,000 bushels) 
of wheat, 84,000 minots of Indian c<irn, and 2S,G27 pounds of tobacco. The mines produced 1,700 quintals of lead, and 
the salines about 1,000 barrels of salt. The fur trade brought in about $70,000. Louisiana henceforth formed pari of Ihe 
United States, itself" an empire," bought, to use the words of Napoleon, "for a mere trifle." 

The new purch.ase was immediately divided into tiie "Territory of Orleans'' (since 1812. the State of Louisiana) and tJie 
" District of Louisiana," erected in 1505 into a territorial government, a<iiniuistered by a governor and judges, under the 
t^tle of "Territory of Louisiana." The seat of the government was Sl> Louis; its districLs, St. Charles, St. Louis, Cape 
Girardeau, New Madrid, and Arkansas. In 1S12, on the admission of the present State of Louisiana into the Union, the 
name of this territory was changeii to "Missouri Territorj'.*' The territory extended from latitude 33° to 41° north, and 
the government became representative. The flrst governor under the new government was William Clarke. The legis- 
lature consisted of a council of 9 members appointed by the President, and a Iloitse of Representatives, one member fur 
every 500 free white males, elected by the pcple. The limits of the Territor>- on the west were gradually extended by 
treaties with the Indians. People from Ihe western States began to move in from the time of the purchase, soth^t in ISIO 
the population numbered 20,S45, of whom all but about 1.500 belonging to Arkansas were settled within the present limits 
of the State of Missouri. The French settlements were now overrun by Americans from Kentucky, Tennessee, Ohio, 
etc., and Americnn habits, usages, laws, and institutions soon became prevalent. The original settlers were quickly 
merged aud almost lost among the later and more active population, until at length the whole became a homogeneous 
people. Immigration was so rapiil, that in 1?17 the territory contained 60,000 souls. St. Louis counted at this time 5,000 
inhabitants against 1,000 in 1S04. It had already become the emporium of the Upper Mississippi. In 1517, application 
was made by the Assembly to Congress for authority to frame a Slate constiluiion preliminary to admission into the 
Union. A fierce and stormy debate arose at once on the subject in Congress. A powerful party demanded that the new 
States should exclude slavery by their constitutions. The discitssion raged for two years, threatening to tear the Union 
asunder; at length, however, the debate was stopped by the passage of the compromise resolutions of Mr. Clay, by which 
it was agreed that the institution of slaver\' should be recognized in Missouri, but in no other new State north of latitude 
36° SO'. The Slate constitution, somewhat modified since its adoption., was framed by a convention of forty itelegatea, 
which met at SL Louis on the 12ih June, 1^20, and adopted on the 19th Juiy fi>llo\ving The new State was found, by a 
census taken the same year, to contain a population (»f 66.5SG, of whom 10.222 were slaves. From this time until the 
present there has flowed a constant tide of immigration from the soutiiem, western, and northern States, and from Europe ; 
Rgriculture and commerce have more than kept pace with the increase, and mining and manufactures, though not made 
prominent industrial pursuits, have been gradually developed. Few other Stales, indeed, can boast of so rapid a devel- 
opnx'tit of the material resou^es it may possess, which, though in a great measure due to the facilities afforded by the 
country itself, yet much must be accorded to the enterprise of iis hardy, intelligent, and industrious inhabitants. 

jHFFHitsoN CiTT, OD Uic south bank of the Missouri River, 143 miles from its mouth, is the political capital of Ihe State. 



Mtssotrm, p. v., Pike co., Ala. : 44 m. S. E. Monlgomery. 

MissoLT.T river: a large river of the United States, rises in 
the Rocky mountains, and takes this name after the union 
of three branches, denominated Jefferson, Gallatin, and 
Madison, in 45° 10' N. lat. and 110° W. long. The springs 
which give rise to the Missouri are not more than a mile 
distant from some of the head waters of the Columbia, which 
flows W. into the Pacific ocean. At the distance of 411 m, 
from the extreme point of the naviiration of its head 



Rocky Mountains." which present a view exceedingly 
grand. For the distance of 51 m. the rocks rise perpendicu- 
larly from the margin of the river to the height of 1,200 feeL 
The river is compressed to the width of 150 yards, and for 
the first 3 m. there is only one spot, and that only of a few 
yards, on which a man could stand, between the water and 
the perpendicular ascent of the mountain. At the distance 
of 110 m. below this, and 521 m. from its source, are the 
Great Falls, 2,575 m. above its entrance into the Mississippi. 



branches, are what are denominated the •■ Gates of the | The river descends, by a succession of rapids and falls, 357 

499 



ma 



MOB. 



feet io about 16i m. The lower and greatest fall has a per- 
pendicular pitch of 87 feet; the second of 19 fet-t; the third 
of 47 feet; the fourth of 26 feet. Between and beluw these 
falls are continual rapids of from 8 to 18 feet descenU These 
falls, next to those of Niagara, are the grandest on the con- 
tinent. The course of the river above those falls is northerly. 
The Yellowstone river, 800 yards wide at its mouth, proba- 
bly the largest tributary of the Missouri, enters it on the 
S. W. side, 1,216 m. from its navigable source, and about 
f,8S0 m. from its mouth. This river, at the place of junction, 
is as large as the Missouri. Steamboats ascend to this place, 
and could go farther by each branch. Chiennc river, 400 
yards wide at its nioulh, enters the Missouri on the 8. W. 
Hide, 1,310 m. from its mouth, in 44= 20' N. laU White river, 
800 yards wide, enters it on the S. W. side, 1,130 m. (Tom its 
mouth. Big Sioux river, 110 yards wide, enters it 853 m. 
from its mouth, in 42° 48' N. lat., on the N. E. side. Platte 
river, COO yards wide at its mouth, enters it on the S. W. 
side, 6lK) m. from its mouth, in 40° 60' N. lat. Kauzas river, 
2.38 yards wide at its mouth, enters it on the S. W. side, in 
390 5' N. lat., at tho distance of 340 m. from its mouth. 
Grand river enters it on the N. E. side, 240 miles from its 
mouth, and is 190 yards wide. La Mine river, 70 yards 
wide, enters it 200 miles from its mouth. Osage river, 397 
yards wide at its mouth, enters it on the S. W. side, in 38° 
81' N. lat., 133 m. from its mouth. Gasconade river enters 
it on the S. W. side, in 38° 45' N. lat., 100 m. from its mouth. 
Tho Missouri enters Mississippi river 3,096 m. from its source, 
which, added to 1,233 m., the distance to the Gulf of Mexico, 
makes its whole length 4,849 m., and it is probably the long- 
est river in the world; Through its whole course there is 
no substantial obstruction of the navigation before arrivmg 
at the Great Falls. 

Distances navigable by steam on Missouri river and its 
principal branches : 

Miles. 

MiMOuri 1,600 

Gasconade 66 

Osage 275 

Ch.iriton 60 

The alluvial fertile soil on this stream and its tributaries is 
not very broad, and back of this are prairies of vast extent. 
Through the greater part of its course the Missouri is a 
rapid and turbid stream, and in the upper part of its course 
Bows through an arid and sterile country. It is over half a 
mile wide at its mouth, and through a greater part of its 
course it is wider. Notwithstanding it drains such an ex- 
tensive ci.untry, and receives so many large tributaries, at 
certain seasons it is shallow, hardly affording sufficient 
water for steamboat navigation, owing to its passing through 
a dry and open country, and being subject to extensive 
evaporation. 

MissotinrroN, p. T., St. Charles CO., Mn. : on the N. "SV. 
bank of Missouri r., 77 m. E. Jefferson City. 

Mitchell county, la. Situate E. on N. line, and con- 
tains 4:32 sq. m. Drained by heads of Cedar river, a branch 
of the Iowa. Unorganized. 

Mitchell, p. o., Sheboygan CO., Wise. ; 77 m. N.E.Madison. 

MiTCUKLls, p. o., Walker county, T-x. : 133 m. E. N. E. 
Austin City. 

Mitchell's MniB, p. o., Indiana Co., Penn. : 12S m. W. 
by N. Harrtsburg. 

Mitchell's Peak, Alleghany CO., K Car. This peak 
enjoj-s the reputation of being the highest summit on the 
E. side of tho Rocky mountains. It derives its name from 
Professor Mitchell, of Cincinnati, who determined its alti- 
tude to be more than 250 feet higher than Mount W-ashing- 
ton, in New Hampshire. Its height is 0,720 feet. 

Mitchell's Salt Woeks, p. o., Jefferson Co., Ohu>. : 124 m. 
E. N. E. Columbus. 

MiTomtLLSYiLLE, p. T., Eobertson co., Tenn. : SS m. N. by 
E. Nashville; on the lino of the proposed 14. E. between 
Louisville and Nashville. 

600 • 



Milea. 

Grand 90 

Kanzas 150 

Platte 40 

TeUowstone 300 



MiTOHELLsviLLE, p. 0., Boonc CO., Sy. .■ 53 m. N. by E 
Frankfort. 

Mu^EBViLLE, p. o., Franlilin county, Ind. : 60 m. E. S. E. 
Indianapolis. 

MixTows, p. 0., Tioga county, rmn. : 101 m. N. by W. 
Harrisburg. 

Mobile county, Ala. Situate S. W. comer, and contiiius 
1,316 sq. m. It has the Gulf of Mexico on the S., Mobile 
bay and river on the E., and a few small streams flowing 
into them. Surface mostly level, with some hills in the N., 
and covered largely with pine forests ; soil of very moderate 
fertihty, producing small crops of com and potatoes, and 
furnishing pasture for cattle in considerable numbers. Tho 
important interest of tho county is commerce, which is of 
immense extent, as it has the transportation of most of the 
products of a back country, comprising the largest and best 
part of the State. Farms 2-19 ; manuf. 61 ; dwell. 3,027, 
and pop.— wh. 17,306, fr. col. 938, si. 9,356— total 27,600. 
Capital : Mobile. Public Works : MobUe and Ohio E.R., etc 

Mobile, p. city, port of entry, and cap. Mobile Co., Ala. ; 
on the W. bank Mobile river, just above its entrance into 
Mobile bay, 163 m. S. W. Montgomery. Lat, 80O41'4S"N., 
and long. 87° 59' 04" W. The site is but very little elevated 
above the water, but sufficiently so for all purposes of con- 
venient drainage. The sod is dry and sandy. Immediately 
opposite the city, on tlie E., is a large low island, covered 
with high grass and rushes, and known as ''the marsh;" 
above on the N. is a large swamp, extending along the 
banks «f the r. ; and back of the city on the N. W., W. and 
3., the dry sandy pine hills commence, affording delightful 
and healthy retreats from the heat, sickness, and annoyances 
of the city during the summer; and here have sprung up 
the pleasant villages of Toulminville, Spring IliU, Cottage 
Hill, SummerviUe, and Fulton. South from the city, the 
shores of the bay are dotted for man^' miles with elegant 
residences, and these spots have been usually exempt from 
epidemic diseases. 

Tho city is not compactly built, except in the portions 
occupied by the commercial and business houses. Tho 
streets generally are wide, and run mostly north and south, 
and Ciist and west. Much attention has been paid of late 
years to planting shade trees along the pavements, and the 
comfort and probably the health of the place has been much 
improved thereby. Tho prevailing winds during the winter 
months are the N. and N. E. ; from the middle of April Cat 
which time the warm spring weather begins), the 3. 
winds, cool, refreshing, and laden with moisture, make the 
heat quite bearable, and these, being alst) the prevailing 
summer winds, even in that hot season, negative in a great 
measure tho climatic extreme. The climate, however, is 
warm and relaxing to the energies, and even in tlie winter 
months is trying to the constitution, from the many and 
sudden changes that occur. During the coldest weather 
the ground is but seldom frozen. Most rain falls in Decem- 
ber, January, June, and July. 

No system of underground drainage has ever been at- 
tempted at Mobile; the light, porous character of the soil 
answering the same purpose, and making the streets dry 
immediately .after the heaviest fall of rain. The city is suj)- 
plied with good wholesome w^er through the water-works 
Ihim a stream some few miles distant 

The sanitary condition of Mobile has greatly improved of 
late years; for a long period it enjoyed the unenviable 
reputation of being a very unhealthy place, and the devas- 
tating ejiidemics of 1819-25-29-37-S9, and '43, in truth g.ave 
a coloring to the accusation. Since the last-named year 
there has been no severe visitation of sickness, which may 
be accounted for in some measure by the fact, that the wet, 
muddy morasses that until then had occupied the northern 
part of the city have been filled in, and their places are now 
tho sites of large cotton presses and warehouses. The deaths 
in 1349-.50 numbered only 611, or one to every 33i living. 
A better sistem of drainage has also been adopted, aud 



MOB 



MOH 



more exertion has been used in cleansing and purifying the 
streets Uian heretofore. 

Mobile contains the county court-house, several tjnitod 
States courts, the municipal courts, the city hall, a jail, and 
other public buildings ; a splendid Koman Catholic cathedral, 
numerous churches of various denominations, ho.spiIals, 
scljools, markets, a theatre and circus, several first-class 
hotels, etc. The hospitals — the United Slatiis Marine Hos- 
pital and the City Hospital — are large and commodious 
buildings, each capable of accommodating from 250 to 300 
patients ; and there are other charitable institutions worthy 
of notice, among which stand pre-eminent the Catholic and 
Protestant Orphan Asylums, the Benevolent Society, which, 
among otiier functions, has charge of destitute widows, and 
the Samaritan Society. A blind asylum has also been 
founded, and an asylum for the deaf and dumb provided 
for. There are three cemeteries belonging to the city. 

Mobile was originally a Spanish settlement, and at a later 
period a portion of Louisiana. It was surrendered to the 
AraericaTis in 1S13. In 1814 it was chartered as a town, and 
in 1S19 became a city. In 1814 the total valuation of prop- 
erty in ihe town was only $350,950; in 1819, $764,510; in 
1824, $1,107,500; in 1S29, $2,719,148 ; in 1S34, .$6.756,025 ; in 
1S39, $24,480,315; in 1844, $18,098,877 ; in 1849, $12,629,700 ; 
and in 1850, $11,935,790. The population of the city in 1S30 
was3,194; in 1S40, 12,672 ; and in 1S50, 20,513. 

The comm-ercial staUstics of the city will be found under 
the head of Alabama. Mobile is the only sea-port of the 
Sta.te open to foreign commerce, and from this point is 
shipped the great bulk of the cotton of Eastern Mississippi 
and Western Alabama, The total quantity shipped for the 
year ending 81st August, 1852, was 575,104 bale«, or one- 
sixth of all the cotton produced in the Union. Of this amount 
307,513 bales were sent to England, 95.917 to France, and 
27,048 to other foreign States; and 144,626 coastwise to 
domestic ports. Staves, lumber, and naval stores, are also 
shipped in large quantities. There are two commercial 
banks in the city— the Bank of Mobile and the Southern 
Bank of Alabama. The Planters' and Merchants' Bank has 
lately closL'd its business. Mobile has four newspapers — the 
"Alah.ima Tribune" (indep.), daily ; the '• M. Advertisor" 
(whig), daily and semi-weekly ; the " Register and Journal" 
(dcm.), daily and weekly; and the "Alabama Planter" 
(agric). weekly. The local trade of Mobile is very extens- 
ive and valuable. The Mobile and Ohio R. P. will connect 
the city with the whole north-west; the Girard and Mobile 
E. U. will connect it with the Atlantic ports, and a railroad 
to Madisonville will connect it with New Orleans. None 
of these are built except a portion of the first named. 

As a commercial mart of the Gulf, Mobile is second only 
to New Orleans in its facilities and available position. 
Immense rivers cxjnncct it with an extensive and highly 
productive interior, and a fine bay gives it access to the 
sea. Mobile Bay sets up from the Gulf, and is 80 m. long, 
and on an average 12 m. broad : it communicates with the 
Gulf by two straits, one on each side of Dauphin Island. 
The strait on the "W. side will not admit of vessels of more 
than 5 feet draft ; but that on the E. side, between the islan.l 
and Mobile Point, has 13 feet water, the channel passing 
within a few yards of the poi?it. There is a bar across the 
bay near its upper end, which has only eleven feet water. 
Mobile river, which falls into the bay immediately below the 
city, is formed by the junction of the Alabama and Tom- 
bigbee rivers 50 m. above the city. A few miles below the 
junction it divides int(> several channels. The main \V. 
channel is called Mobile, and the main E. channel, which is 
the deepest and widest, is called Ihe Tensaw. It is navigable 
for vessels drawing less than six feet water by the Tombig- 
bec branch to SU Stephen's, and by the Alabama branch to 
Claiborne. In times of flood it sometimes rises 50 or 60 feet. 
The entrance to the harbor is defended by Fort Morgan, 
situated on a long, low, sandy point, at the mouth of the bay, 
ao m. below the city, opposite to Dauphin Island. 



Mobile bay, Alu.: sets up from the Gulf of Mexico, with 
which it conununicates by two straits, one on each side of 
Dauphin Island. Tlie strait on the E. side, between the 
island and Mobile Point, has IS feet water, while the one 
on the W. has only 5 feet. The channel pas-ses within a 
short distance of the point. The bar at the upper i:^nt\ haa 
only 11 feet water un it. Mobile City issituatc at the head of 
the bay. 

MoBiLEriTer, vI/(/.. ; the great river of the State, is formed 
by the junction of the Alabama and Tombigbee, 50 miles 
above Mobile bay; a few miles below the junction, it gives 
out a large branch, called the Tensaw, which also receives 
an arm from the Alabama, and reaches Mobile Bay below 
BlaUely, and at the city of Mobile. It is navigable as far 
up as St. Stephen's, 93 miles, on the Tombigbee, for vessels 
drawingO feet of water, and steamboats of moderate nurden ; 
to Tuscaloosa, on the eastern branch, 3<)() miles, and to Co- 
lumbus, in Mississippi, an the Western branch ; its length 
is about 450 miles. Its tributaries are inconsiderable com- 
pared with its great length: the Buttahatchee, Sipsey, and 
Okanoxubee, are the principal. The Alabama, or eastern 
branch of the Mobile, is navigable lo Claiborne, 100 miles 
from the bay, by the same class of vessels that go up to St. 
Stephen's, and for smaller steamboats about 800 niilea by 
the windings of the stream. The two branches unite in 
hit. 310 06' N., and long. IP 05' W. In times of flood it 
sometimes rises from 50 to 60 feet. 

Mob Jack bay, \1rg. : an arm of Chesapeake Bay, makes 
up between Mathews and Gloucester. The Gloucester court- 
house is at the head of the bay. 

MouLEY Pond, p. v., Scriven co., Ga. : on a small cr., 
flowing into the Savannah river, 104 m. E. Milledgeville. 

MocKViLLE, p. v., and cap. Davie co., N. Oir.: In3 m. 
W. Kaleigh, and contains the county court-house and other 
public buildings. 
MoOENA, p. o., Ulster co.. K. Y. : 73 m. 3. S. W. Aliiany. 
M<»nicsT Town, p. v., Accomack county, Yirg,: 102 m. 
E. by N. Richmond, and 2 m. from the Atlantic coast. It 
contains about 60 inhabitants. 

Moi'RELL's Point, p. o., Coles co., Rl.: S5 m. E. by S. 
Springfield. 

Moi'fett's Store, p. o., Columbia co., N. Y. : 23 m. S. E. 
Alliany. 

Moffettsville, p. v., Amlcrson dist., S. Car.: near Ihe 
Savannah r., 101 m. W, by N. Columbia. 

Moiitit's Mills, p. o., Pandnljth co., Al Ca/'. : 73 m. W. 
Raleigh. 

MociAOORK, p. 0., Summit county, Ohio : US m. N. E. 
Columbus. 

Mohawk, p. v., Herkimer co., A^ K ; on the S. side of 
Ihe Mohawk r., and on the line of the Erie Canal. 95 m. 
from Albany. The Mohawk Valley Bank is situate here. 
The v. contains several stores and workshops, and about 
600 inhabitants.. The "Mohawk Times" (free soil), is is^ . 
sued weekly. 

MouAWK river, JV! Y. : the principal tributary of the 
Hudson r., rises in the S. part of Lewis co., flows S. to Rome, 
where, turning to the S. E., it continues that course, and en- 
ters the Hudson r. by .several mouths at Waterford, 8 or 10 
m. above Alb.any. It receives West Canada cr. from the N. 
and Selioharie cr. from the S. There are several rapi.fe and 
two large falls in its course. At Ijttle Falls it desoenda over 
a stony bed, and through a remarkable gorge in the moun- 
tain, 42 feet in the course of a mile. At Cohoes Falls. 2 m. 
from its mouth, it has a perpendicular descent of 70 feet, a 
slinrt distance below which there is a bridge across the river. 
The Erie Canal passes along its S. bank, nearly through its 
whole course, in consequenoe of which the channel is little 
used for navigation. The banks of the river are very fertile 
—its whole length is 135 m. Along the banks of the river 
there are a number of populous and thriving villnires and 
wealthy cities. The great wheat district of the State com- 
mences in the valley of the Mohawk above Little F.ills. 

501 



MOH 



MoiiAWK Vallkt, p. o., CosUoclon co., Ohio : 07 m. N. E. 
Columbus. 

MouEGAN, sta., New London Co., Conn. : on the lino of 
Uic Now London, 'WiUimanUi', nnd Palmer li. U., 9 m. N. 
New London, and on the W. bunk of Thames r., 8S m. 
S. E. ILirlford. 

MomoAN, t. and p. o., Ashland co,, Ohio : M to. N. N. E. 
Columliii8. Drahied by a branch of Walhondiiig r. Sur- 
face rolling; soilforlilo and productive. Jcvomcsvillo and 
Mcchanii'SviUu are names of villages in the L Population 
of 1 1,T76. 

MouKSviixE, p. o. nnd stn., Berks co., Penn.: on the lino 
of U>e Philadelphia and Heading K. K., (B m. N. W. Phila- 
delphia. Tlie Windsir iron furnace located licro has an 
annual capacity of 1,200 tons. 

MoniA, t. and p. v., Franklin Co., JV. 1'. ; 15T m. N. N.W. 
Albany. Drained by branches of Salmon and SI. P.c^is 
rivers. Surlacc even ; soil fertile. The Northern (Ogdens- 
burj!) K. i:. crosses ihc t., on which ia the sta., 4T m. E. of 
Ogdeusburg. Pop. of 1. 1,!540. 

MoLAiL.i, p. 0., Clackamas co., Oreg. Ter. : about 29 tn. 
N. E. Salem. 

MouNE. p. v., P.ock Island Co., III.: on Uie E. side of the 
Mississippi, 5 m. above Kock Islmid City, 127 m. N. N. W. 
Springtleld. It lies opposite the head of Kiick Island, where 
there is excellent water-power, is cxtcusiTcly engaged in 
mnimfacturing and niilFing, and has about 1,000 inhabiumts. 
MouNO, p. o., Lincoln county, Tenn.: 68 m. S. by E. 
Nashville. 
MoLiNo, p. 0., Tippah CO., MisK. : 188 m. N. E. Jackson. 
Moi.mo, p. o., Kandolph co., Ala.-: S-2 m. N. E. .Tacksou. 
MoLixo Dr.i. Key, p. o., Arkiin.«as co., Ark. : 10 m. \V. 
of While r., CO m. S. E. by E. Little Hock. 
MoLLiuoKN, p. o., Newberry disU, S. Viir. 
Moi-LTOWN, p. 0., Berks county, I'enn.: DO m. E. N. E. 
Harrisburg. 

MoLiTNKUs river. Me. : rises near the E. line of Penob- 
scot CO. and empties into the MaUiwaiukeag, about 10 m. E. 
of its S. entrance into the PenobscoU Its course is S. S. E., 
and p.osscs through a densely timbered region about 50 m., 
affording great water-power. 

Mo-MESKE, p. v.. Will CO., lU. : on the right bank of Kan- 
kakee r., lU m. N. E. Springfield. 

MoNADsooK mountain, Cheshire eo., A^. Jlamp. : lies be- 
tween the towns of JaftYey and Dublin, 10 ni. N. of the S. 
Une of the Suite, and extends N. and S. about 5 m. ami 
E. and W. about 8 m. The highest peak, called Grand 
Monadnock, is 3,71S feet above the ocean level, and com- 
mands a view of the country around it for f)0 m. on every 
side. The summit is bare rook, but the prospect is one of 
remarkable beauty. At its base is a mineral spring, and 
lar"e quaulities of plumbago are found on the E. side. 

MoNAOAN, p. o., St. Clair co., J/o. : on a branch of Osage 
r so called, 102 m. W. S. W. Jcllerson City. 

MoNeiiES, p. o., Waukesha co., Wise: 55 ra. E. by N. 
Madison. 

MoNCLOVA, p. o., Lucas county, Ohio : 114 m. N. by W. 
Columbus. 
MoNEFK, >- o., Winneshiek co., Ia. : 103 m. N. by W. 

Iowa City. , . _ 

MoKBY Cresk, p. 0., M'Lean co.. 111.: on a branch of 
Mackinaw cr., 60 m. N. N..E. Springnehl. 

MoNUAUP, p. o., Sullivan CO., X T.: 92 m- S. W. by S. 
Albany. 

MoNOicp Vallet, p. o., Sullivan county, JV. i.: SO m. 
8. W. bv 8. Albany. 

MosooQUiNONO, p. T., La Grange Co., Iml.: on the N. 
side of Pigeon r., 137 m. N. by E. Indianapolis. A plank- 
road eonnecla it with the Michigan Southern K. R. 

MoNisTiiiuE river, Schoolcraft w.,J)lich.: rises near the 

S. shore of Lake Superior, and empties into the N. end of 

Lake Michigan, after draining with its numerous braiichos 

Iho E. h^lf of Schoolcraft co., and receiving from the W. the 

501 



MOK 

waters of Monistique lake, a largo sheet of water ou its S. 
border. 

Moniteau county. Mo. Situate centrally, and contains 
889 sq. m. Drained by Moniteau cr. ami Slniight and 
South forks of Morcau cr., allliu-nls of the Missouri, which 
forms its N. E. boumlary. Surface uneven ; soil mostly for. 
tile, and adapted for grazing. ' Corn is the stjiple cereal. 
Wheat ami tobacco are successful crops, cattle are reared in 
largo numbers, and pork is a considerable expt>rl. It hits 
good mill streams, plenty of timber, and some iron ore. 
Eanns 761 ; manuf 15 ; dwell. 901, and pop.— wh. 5,434, ft. 
col. 4, si. 500— total 6,004. CapiUil : California. 

Moxk's Cokneks, p. o., Charleston district, S. Car.: on 
Cooper cr., near its head, SI m. S. E. Columbia. 

Monk's Stoke, p. o., Sampson co., N. Cor. : 44 m. S. S. E. 
Kaleigh. 

Mc;nkton, L and p. o., Addison CO., Verm. : 20 m. W. 
Montpelier. Drained by Lewis cr. and Hs branches, on 
which are several mills. Surface uneven, and soil fertile. 
It is a fine grazing t., exporting live-stock, wool, and dairy 
produce. In the S. superior iron ore nnd porcelain clay aro 
extensively dug. Pop. 1,246. 

MoNKToN Mills, p. v., Baltimore co.. Mil. : on Groat 
Ounpowder Falls, 84 m. N. by W. Annapolis. It is on the 
Baltimore and Susquehanna I!. K., 22 m. N. Baltimore, and 
contains large flouring mills. 

Monmoutu county. A'. Jer. Situate E. middle, and eon- 
t:uns 61S sq. m. Itaritan nnd New York hays bound it N., 
the Atlantic E., an.l it is drained by small streams flowing 
into them and the Delaware. Surface generally level, with 
tlie Highlands of Navesink in the N. ; soil of marine for- 
mation, witli parts too sandy for tillage ; but abundance 
of marl, by the application of which and good cullivutlon, 
it is mostly very productive. Corn, rye, jiotatocs, whent, 
buckwheat, and oats are all good crops. It h.TS some excel- 
lent dairies, ami cx-ports beef, wool, ami pork. Iron ore and 
nnirl are extensively found, and pine timber abounds in 
parts. Its water-power is considerable and inannfaelure's 
various, principally lumber, liquors, iron, iron-ware, leather, 
woolens, and cordage. Earms 2.014: manuf. 214; dwell. 
6,155, and pop.— wh. 27,927, ft. col. 2,811, si. 75— total 80,813 
Caj/iUil : Kreehold. 

Monmouth, p. v., and cap. Warren co.. III. : about S m. 
S. of Cedar fork of Henderson's r., 91 m. N. W. by N. 
Springfield. It has a flue situation foi: trade in farming 
products, with limestone and coal abundant in the vicinity, 
and conljuns a court-house and jail, a high school, and U> or 
20 stores. The " M. Atlas'' (indcp.) is published here weekly 
Monmouth, p. v., Adams co., In<l. : on SI. JIary's r., IIC 
m. N. E. Indianapolis. A plank-road p.Tisra along the 
river from Decatur to Eort Waj-ne. Near the v. are good 
mill-sites ami several mills. 

Monmouth, t. nnd p. v.. Kennebec co., Ms.: 16 m. S. W. 
Augusta. 1 1 contains several large ponds which feed excel- 
lent mill streams. Surface uneven ; soil fertile, producing 
go,)d grain crops anil supporting fine dairies. The v. con- 
tains an academy and several stores. The Androscoggin 
an.l Kennebec E. E. crosses the t. and has n sta. in iL, 47 m. 
from Pordand. Pop. of t. 1,9^5.- 

MoNOCACT, sla., Frederick county, Md. : 89 m. W. of . 
Baltimore, on the Baltimore and Ohio K. R. 

MoxoCACT river, renn. and Mil.: rises in Adams eo., 
Penn., and flows S. S. W. about 70 m., emptying into the 
Potomac 23 m. below Harper's Ferry. 

MoNOMov island, .Vii.m. ; a buig. narrow island tn the 
Atlantic Ocean, on the S. side of liarnsuble CO., belonging 
to Chatham. 

MoNoN, p. o., White county, /iid.; S2 m. N. N. w. 

Indianapolis. 

Monona, p. o., Clayton CO., Ia. : 94 m. N. ' ' E. Iowa City. 

MoNONGAiiELA river, Virg. and Penn.: rises in Han- 

dolph CO., Virg., on the W. base of tlie Laurel Mountains, 

and after a generally N. course of about 800 in., unites with 



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tlie Alk'gliany al Pilteburg, the Ohio being formed by their 
junction. Its principal aflluenla are Cheat and Yioughiof;- 
eny riverB, whit-h fluw into it from the K. It is ascended 
by boats in favorable seasons 200 m., and larfie boats can 
always come up to Brownsville, 60 m. from iLs mouth. 

MoNoNGAiTEr-A CiTY, p. V., Washington co., J'fnn.: on 
the left bank of Monongahela r., 156 m. W. Ilarriaburg. It w 
on the National Koad, and contains 97('> inhabitants. 

MoNoxcjAi.iA county, Vtrff. Situate N. W.. and contains 
SOS sq. m. Drained by Monongahela and Chtat rivers. 
Surface elevated and broken; soil very fertile, with excel- 
lent pastures. Com, wheat, and oals are the staples, and 
usually large crops. Fine dairies, large numbers of callle, 
and very large flocks of sheep arc supported on the grazing 
land, and wool is a valuable export. The county abounds 
in iron ore and bituminous coal, and manufactures iron, 
flour, leather, woolens, and distilled liquors. Farms 727 ; 
manuf. 57; dwell. 2,124, and pop.— wh. 12,092, fr. coL 119, 
el. 176 — total 12,8ST. Capital: Morgantown. Public 
Works-: Baltimore and Ohio E. E. 

MosoQUET, p, v., Kosciusko CO., Ind. : about 2 m. W. of 
Tippecanoe r., 123 m. N. by E. Indianapolis. 

MoNEOB county, -4/a. Situate 9. W., and contains 1,063 
sq. m. Bounded "W. by the Alabama, and drained by its 
aniuenta, Little r. and Flat and Limestone creeks. Surface 
mostly level or slightly uneven; soil of average fertility, with 
some very productive land on the streams, near which are 
also marshes adapted to rice-growing. Cotton is the staple 
and corn the leading cereal. Farms 692 ; manuf. 23 ; 
dwell. 1,005. and pop.— wh. 5,648, fr. col. 40, si. 6,325— total 
12,013. Cdpital : Claiborne. 

MoNBOE county, Ark. Situate E. middle, and contains 
1,059 sq. ra. Drained by White r.. Cache r., and Lick cr. 
Surface level, and in parts low and swampy; soil fertile. 
Corn and cotton are tlie chief crops, and the produce not 
large. Pork is exported and cattle are reared in small num- 
bers. It has excellent a-^jh and cypress timber. Farms 133 ; 
manuf. ; dwell. 310, and pop.— wh. 1,052, fr. col. 2, al. 395— 
totid 2.049. Citpital : Lawrencevilie. 

MoNROK county, Flor. Situate S., and contains about 
2,050 sq. m, Caloosahatchee r. bounds it N., and it has but 
few streams, all which flow into the Gulf. Surface low and 
mostly swamps, densely covered wilh pine, cyj)ress, cedar, 
and magnolia trues of great size. The main land is scarcely 
settled by whites. The islands known as the Florida Keys 
are comprised in its limit.s. The principal business of the 
inha!)itants is assisting wrecked vessels, which are often lost 
on the dangerous reefs around them. Farms fi ; manuf. 1 1 ; 
dwell. 420, and pop.— wh. 2,0S6, fr, coL 126, sL 431— total 
2,&43. CapUal: Key West 

MoNiiOE county, Ga. Sit\iatc W. centrally, and contains 
422 sq. m. Bounded E. by the Ocmulgce and drained by 
lis branches. Surface pleasantly diversified; soil very fer- 
tile. Cotton is the staple, and a very large amount is raised. 
Com is the chief grain, and wheat a very successful crop, 
but cotton commands the inoat atUmtion. Farms 740; 
manuf. 2; dwell. 1,194, and pop.— wh. 6,Sin, fr. col. 15. si. 
10,170-totiil 16.93.5. Capital: Forsyth. PuhUc Works: 
Macon and Western E. E. 

MoNitoB county, ///. Situate S. W., and contains 414 
aq. m. Drained by Fountain cr. of the Mississippi, which is 
its W. boundary, and Richland and Horse creeks of the 
Kaskaskia. Surface level, broken only by the bluffs along 
the Mississippi, and muchof it prairie; soil of fjreat fertility ; 
the celel^ratcd '-American Bottom" lies between the idufis 
and the Mississippi, which is wooded near the river, and back 
is prairie of inexhaustible fertility. Corn is the chief crop. 
Wheal grows well, and the rearing of cattle and the fatten- 
ing of pork is much attended to. It lies opposite the great 
lead region of Missouri, and lead, copper, and iron arc found 
in the W. part Farms 8T4; manuf. 33; dwell. 1,421, and 
population— wh. 7,633, fr. coL 4«— total 7,679. Cdjntitl: 
UarrisonviJIeL 



MoNKOE county, Ind. Situate 8. W. centrally, and con 
tains 420 sq. m. Drained by Salt, Clear, and Bean Blossom 
creeks. Surface mosHy uneven, rolling near the centr*^, and 
originally heavily limbered ; soils excellent ; in the bottoms 
very rich. Com and wheat are the staples, and pork acon- 
8ideral)Ie exporL It has good water-power, and extensive 
manufactories of iron, flour, woolens, and leather. Iron uro 
is abundant, and salt springs are found. Farms 1,2-30; 
manuf. 40; dwell. I.S92. ami pop.— wh. 11,259, fr. col. 27— 
total 11,286. Cdjrit'U: Bloorainglon. Public Hi'/'Xr.f ; New 
Albany and Salem K. E. 

Monroe county, /</. Situate S. E. centrally.and contains 
432 sq. m. Drained by Cedar, Gray's, Miller's, Upper and 
Lower Avery's, and Soap creeks, branches of the Dos 
Moines, which Umches the N. E. corner. Surface rolling 
and slightly broken ; soil fertile, well timbered, abundantly 
supplied with mill streams, an<l adapted U) grain or grass. 
Corn, live-stock, beef, and pork are the chief products. 
Farms 337; manuf. 0; dwell 515, and pop.— wh. 4,S82, 
fr. col. 0— total 4,883. QijtiUtl : Albia. 

MoNHOE county, JCt/. Situate on S. line centrally, and 
contains 312 sq. m. Drained W. by Big Barren r. and its 
branches, and E. by the Cumberland. Surface variou.s, 
generally uneven ; soil fertile. Corn is the staple gram. 
Wheat and tobacco are profitable crops, and some cotton is 
raised. Pork is the great export. Farms 740; manuf. 9; 
dwell. 1,190, and pop.— wh. G.902, tV. col. 23, si. 830— total 
7,7i35. Cujrital : Tompkinsville. 

MoSKOE county, Mich. Situate S. E. comer, and contains 
547 aq. m. Drained by Huron r., Swan, Sandy, Stony, and 
Half-way creeks, and lliver Eaisin, all flowing into Lake 
Erie, its P'. boundary. Surface N. ami E. level Rnd heavily 
limbered; S. an<l W. rolling, and alternate prairie and 
grove: soil mostly fertile; in parts sandy, and S. a sandy 
loam; admirably fitte<l for grazing. Com, wheat, oats, and 
potatoes are good crops; callie and pork are exported. It 
has goiid water-power, and manufactures flour, woolens, 
leather, gla-ss, and machinery of various kinds. It is favor- 
ably situated fir trade on the lake, and w tlio great thor- 
cughfare for western emigration. Limestone for building is 
plenty, marl abundant, sulphur springs are found, and a 
superior fine sand for manufacturing glass. Farms 1,277; 
manuf. 45; dwell. 2,-544, and pop.— wh. 14.642, fr. col. 50— 
total 14.09S. CapiUil: Monroe. Public Worku : Erie and 
Kalamazoo E. E. ; Michigan Southern E. E. ; Toledo aud 
Detroit E. E., etc. 

MoNi'.OE county, Mian. Situate N. E., and contain'* 723' 
sq. m. Drained by the Tombigbee and its branches, Bulta- 
hatchee r., W. fork, etc. Surface agreeably diversifled and 
somewhat uneven, with good water-privileges, and gener- 
ally a sufllciency of good timber; soil fertile; on the 
streams very productive of com and cotton, the staples of 
the CO. Wheat, oats, and potatoes are thriving crops, and 
the pasturage fine. Neat cattle are raised in large numbers, 
and pork is exported. It manufactm-es flour, cotton goods, 
earthen-ware, iron castings, lumber, and leatlier. Farms 
^S; m.'muf. 13; dwell. 1,576, and pop.— wh. 9,417, fr. coI.3S, 
si. 11,717— toud 21,173. a^/Jifa^; Hamilton. PiiUlcWorfcs : 
Mobile and Oliio E. E. 

MoNROK county. Mo. Situate N. E., and conLiins 657 sq. m. 
Drained by Salt r. and its branches, N., S., Otter, and Elk 
forks. Crooked cr., and Long branch. Surface moderately 
uneven ; soil fertile, a part prairie, and most well fltted foi 
grazing. Corn is the staple ; wheat, tobacco, and potatoes 
are fine crojis, and pork a very largo export. It has fine 
mill streams, plenty of timber, and some manufactures 
Farms 926; manuf. 21 ; dwell. 1,298, and pop.-wh. S,464, 
fr. col. 29, si. 2,04'>— total 10,541. Capii<tl: Paris. 

MoNROK county, JV; Y. Situate W. on Lake Ontario, and 
contjdns 607 sq. m. Drained by Genesee r., lis branches, 
Black. Allen, and Honeoye creeks, and Sandy, S.almon, and 
Lilile Salmon creeks, emptying into the lake. Surface 
sloping toward the lake, and broken into two Icrracea 

fi03 



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parallel to it; soil a very deep, gravelly loam, of great fcr- 
lility, and producea more grain tlian any other co. in the 
Stata. It yields the best of Gent-sec ivheut, whioh is Ihe 
great staple, and large crops of corn, oats, and potatoes, be- 
sides paaturing great numbers of sht-ep. The falls of Ihe 
Genesee afford unsurpassed water-power, and move the 
largest flouring miJIs in the Union. Lumber, irun, cloths, 
paper, and leather are largely manufactured. The Genest-e 
is navigable through the co. On the hike are good harbors, 
and the county has a large trade with the interior. Marl is 
abundant, gypsiun is largely found, iron and lead ores in 
smaller quantities, and in parts a valuable Are stone for 
lining furnaces and stoves. Fanns 4,113; manuf. 526; 
dwell. 15,027, and pop.— wh. 8G,073, fr. col. 07"— total S7,GoO. 
Cd'jntal: Eocbester. PuhUc Works : Erie Canal; Genesee 
Valley Canal; Buffalo and Eocbester E. E. ; Eochester, 
Lockport, and Niagara Falls E. E. ; Syracuse and Eochester 
Eailroad, etc. 

MoNKOE county, Oliio. Situate S. E., and contains 522 
sq. m. Bounded E. by the Ohio, and drained by Mus- 
kingum r., Clear, Sunfish, and Si-neca creeks. Surface un- 
even and broken ; soil generally fertile. Wheat, com, 6ats, 
and potatoes are produced largdy. Toljacco is extensively 
cultivated, and pork and wool are exported. It manufac- 
tures flour, iron, woolens, leather, etc. The W. abounds in 
iron and coal. Farms 2,C37 ; maniif. 4-3 ; dwell. 4,892, and 
population— wh. 2S,2S1, fr. col. 70— total 28,351. Capital : 
WoodsQeld. 

MoMKOE county. Penn. Situate N, E., and contains 404 
aq. m. Bounded W.by the Lehigh, E. by the Delaware, and 
drained by their aflluents. Surface rough and broken ; soil 
very fertile in the lower parts. Com, rye, buckwheat, oats, 
and potatoes are all fine crops. Sheep are reared largely, 
^nd fine dairies are kept. It has much water-power, aud 
manufactures flour, iron, leather, lumber, and woolens. 
Farms 904; manuf. 76; dwell. 2,155, and' pop.— wh. 18,170, 
fr. col. 100— total 13,270. Capital: Stroudsburg. Public 
JTorA-s.- Cobb's Gap E. E. 

Monroe county, Teim. Situate S. E., and contains 76S 
sq. m. Drained by Tellicor., Cilico and Lyon's creeks, and 
Tennessee r., which touches the N. part. Surface various; 
on tlie S. E. line a mountain ridge, and W. and middle 
large valleys; soil generally rich, and much of it suix-rior 
pasture. Com is the principal crop. Wheat and oats are 
successfully cultivated, and pork exported. Water-i)ower is 
plenty, and manufactures of flour, lumber, earthen-ware, 
iron castings, etc., are rapidly increasing. Farms 91S ; 
manuf. 59 ; dwell. 1,816, and pop,— wh. 10,623, fr. col. 63, 
Bl. 1,1SS— total 11,874. CapiUd: Madisomille. PuUic 
Works: East Tennessee and Georgia E. E. 

Monroe county, Vit-g. Situate S. W., and contains 573 
sq. m. Drained by Greenbrier and Great Kanawha rivers, 
the last fomiing its W. boundary. Surface elevated, with 
tlie Alleghany mountains on the E., and delightfld valleys 
in ©very part ; soil a rich loam, especially adapted to graz- 
ing. Com, wheat, rye, and oats are very fine crops. It lias 
superior dairies, and exports largely of live-stock, beef, and 
wool. Water-power is abundant, and small manufartories 
of flour, leather, liquors, woolens, and oil numerous. It has 
celebrated red and salt sulphur springs, and much visited 
sweet springs. Farms 910; manuf. 30; dwell. 1,576, and 
pop.— wh. 9,062, fr.col. SI, si. 1,061— total 10,204. Cajjital: 
Union. Public Works: Covington and Ohio E. E. 

Monroe, p. v., Morgan county, Ala.: 14S m. N. by W. 
Montgomery. 

Monroe, t. and p. T., Fairfield co.. Conn. : 48 m. S. W. 
Hartford. Drained by Mill and Pequannoek rivers and 
branches of the Ilousatonic. Surface uneven ; soil stony, 
but fine pasture land. Farming and grazing are the chief 
pursuit!. The Honsatouic E. E. passes Ihrough X The v. 
id on high ground, and contains an academy and several 
stores. Pop. of 1. 1,440. 

Monroe, p. v., and cap. Walton co., Oa. : 5S m. N. N.W. 
604 



Millcdgeville. It contains a court-house, jail, academy, & 
dozen stores, and 500 inhabitants. 

Monroe, p. o.. Perry co., jiliss. : on Leaf r., 73 m. S. E. 
Jackson. 

MoNi:oE, p. v., Tippecanoe co., Ind. : 45 m. N. W. by N, 
Indianapolis. 

Monroe, p. c, J:ispcr co., la. : 82 m. W. by S. Iowa City. 

MoNUOE, t. and p. o., Bedford co., Pejui. : 7S m. W. S.W. 
Ilarrisburg. Drained by Sliding Hill or., and afHuents of 
Eaystown branch. Surface broken ; soil very fertile in 
parts, and generally good pastiu-e land. Farmiug and 
grazing the chief pursuits. 

Monroe, p. o., Hart county, Xy. .' 78 m. 8. W. by S. 
Frank forL 

MoNKOE, p. v., and cap. Wachita par., La. : on the E. side 
of Wacliita r., 146 m. N. N. W. Eaton Eouge. It is at the 
head of steamboat navigation, and is the shipping-place for 
the cotton of a large and fertile district. It h.as also a valua- 
ble trade, and contains a court-house, jail, academy, several 
stores and warehouses, and 500 inhabitants. 

MosROE, t. and p. o., Waldo co., Me.: 43 m. E. N. E. 
Augusta. Drained l>y Marsh r., a liraneli of the Penobscot. • 
Surface varied ; soli fertile of grain and grass, and well tim- 
bered. Wool aad lumber are exported. Pop. 1,606. 

Monroe, t. and p. o., Franklin co., Ma.ss. : on the N. line 
of the State, 101 m.W. N. W. Boston. Drained by branches 
of Dcerfield river. Surface elevated and mountainous; soil 
adapted to gra2ing, which is the chief business. Pop, 254. 

Monroe, t., p. city, and cap. Monroe co., Jfich. : on Lake 
Erie, 87 m. S. E. Lansing. Drained by Eaisin r. and small 
creeks flowing into the lake. Surface mostly level; soil 
sandy, and fertile of grass and grain. Building stone and 
sulphur springs are found. The city is on the river, 2| m. 
above its mouth, and has superior facilities for manufactures 
and commerce, the river affording great water-power and 
communication with the lake ports and eastern markets. 
It contains a court-house, jail, several elegant churches, an 
academy, numerous flnu ring-mills, and manufactories of 
various kinds, and 2,S09 inhabitants. Three papers are pub- 
lished — two weeklies, the " M. Commercial," and "Free 
Citizen,'' and a literary monthly, the "Seminary Waifs." 
This city is an important point in the great thoroughfare of 
travel and transportation between the E. and W., being the 
E. terminus of the Michigan Southern E. E., which here 
connects with steamers for all the lake ports. The Toledo, 
NorwaJk, and Cleveland E. E. will soon be extended to 
Detroit through this place, giving it a continuous railroad 
communication with the Atlantic cities. Pop. of t 3,647. 

Monroe, p. v., Sussex county, I^.Jer.: 60 m. N. by E. 
Trenton. 

Monroe, t. and p. v.. Orange co., K. 3T ; 92 m. S. by W. 
Albany. Drained by Eamapo r., a branch of the Passaic, 
which furiiishas good water-power. Surface hilly and 
broken ; soil adapted to grazing, with some fine farms. It 
is well timbered, antl abounds in iron ore. The Erie E. E. 
passes through the t. Monroe station is 59 m. from New 
York. The v. is on the Eamapo r., and contains an acad- 
emy, several large stores and mills, and about 1,000 inhab- 
itiuits. It is surrounded by a great dairy region, and about 
8,000 gallons of milk are sent daily by railroad to New York 
fi-om this place. Pop. of t 4,2S0. 

MoNKOK, p. v., and cap. Union co., K. Car.: on Eichard- 
son's cr., a W. aflluent of Yadkin river. 111 m. W. S. W. 
Ealeigh. It contains a court-house, jail, and several stores. 
Monroe, p. v., Butler co., Ohio : about 5 m. E. of Miami 
river, SI m. S. W. by W. Columbus. It cont:nns an acad- 
emy, several stores, and 213 inhabitants. 

Monroe, p. v., Overton co., Tenn.: about 5 m. 8. ofE. 
fork of Obeys r., S5 m. E. by N. Nashville. It contains » 
jail ami several stores, and was the former capital of the co. 
Monroe, p. v., and cap. Greene co., Wise. ; 37 m. S. by W. 
Madison. Drained by branelios of Peckatoniea r. Surface 
moderately uneven ; soil generally -fertile. It lies in the 



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mineral reeioii, ami lead aboun'ls. The v. conlains the co. 
liuildings and several stores, and has a yaluable trade in 
the staples of the dislriL-t A Hlerary weekly, the " Greene 
County Union,'' is published here. Pop. of t. 1,U6. 

Monroe lake, Orange co., Flor. : an expansion of St. 
John's r., near the centre of the county. 

Monroe Center, p. o., 'Waldo co.. Me. : 41 m. E. N. E. 
Auffuata. 

Monroe Centre, p. v., Ashtabula co., Ohio : 174 m. N. E. 
Columbus. 

MoMiuB MiLL^, p. v., Knox county, OJiio: on Vernon r., 
43 m. N. N. E. Columbus. 

M' 'NRUETON, p. v., Bradford co., Penn. : on Towanda cr, 
OS m. N. by E. Ilarrisbiirg. 

MoNEOETON, p. o., Kockiugham county, JV. Car. ; 70 ni. 
W. N. "\V. Kaleigh. 

MoNKOEviLLE, p. V., Mofiroe county, Ala.: S2 m. S. W. 
Montgomery. It was the former capital of the county, and 
contains several stores and 250 inhabitants. 

MoNROEviLEE. p. V., and new cap. Colusi county, Oal{f. : 
142 ni. N. by E. Vallejo. It is a new v. on the Upper Sacra- 
ftiento, near Stone creek, and lies at the head of low water 
navigation. Boats of 3 feet draft come up to this point at tho 
lowest water, and at high water flrst:class steamers land here. 
The land around it is of the best in the Sacramento Valley. 

MoNKOEviLLE, p. V., Iluron CO., Ohio: on Huron r., KG m. 
N. by E. Columbus. It has fine water privileges, and con- 
tains several mills and 12 stores. It is 16 m. S. of Sandusky 
City, on the Sandusky, Mansfield, and Newark li. li., which 
here intersects the Toledo, Norwalk, and Cleveland K. R. 

MoNROEviLLE, p. T., Alleghany co., Penn. : 72 m.W. by N. 
Ilarriaburg. 

MoNKOE Works, p. v. and sta., Orange co., N. Y.: on 
Eaniapo river, 93 m. S. by W. Albany. Iron of a superior 
quality for the manufacture of cannon is abuntlaut in the 
vicinity, an<i wrought in the works here, which are on the 
Erie R. R., 52 m. from New York. 

Monrovia, p. v., Moi^an county, Ind. : 21 m. S. "W. 
Indianapolis. 

Monrovia, p. v., Frederick co., 3fd. : on Bush cr., 46 m. 
N. "W. Annapolis. The Baltimore and Ohio E. K. passes 
Uirough it 5(1 m. W. of Baltimore. 

MuNsEv, p. o. and sL-i., Rockland county, y. Y.: 106 m. 
8. by W. An>any. The sta. is 5 m. E. of Suffern's, and 37 m. 
from New York. 

MoNSON, t. and p. o.. Piscataquis co., 3fe. : 69 m. N. by E. 
Augusta. It has several ponds, the sources of affluents of 
the Piscataquis, which furnish mill-sites. Surface varied, 
and soil mostly fertile. It has many good farms, and abund- 
ance of timber. Pop. 654. 

MoNSoN, t. and p. v., Hampden co,, 3fass. : on the S. line 
of the State, 6S m. W. S. "W. Boston. Drained by branches 
of Chicopee r, which supply excellent water-power. Sur- 
face agreeably -varied ; soil very fertile. It has superior 
farms and ortharda, and is e.\tensively engaged in manu- 
facturing cotton rftid woolen goods, and various kinds of 
machinery. The New London, Willimantic, and Palmer 
E. P.. crosses the L, and has a sta. at the factories, 4 m. S. 
of Palmer d-pfit, wht-re it intersects the Western R. R. The 
V. at the centre cont^iins a hotel, several stores, and an oM, 
well endowed, aiulhighly popular ac-xdemy. Pop. oft. 2,S;il. 

MoNTAcuTE. p. o., Polk CO., /(7. : 99 m.W. Iowa City. 

Montague, t and p. o., Franklin co., J/a-s/i. ; on the E. 
aide of the Connecticut, 77 m. W, by N. Boston. Drained 
by Saw-niill r. Surface uneven, and soil various. It has 
many fine fnrms, and is well-wooded. A bridge crosses the 
river, ahovo which, in the N. part of the t., are Turner's 
Falls, much visited for the wildness of their scenery. Cop- 
per and iron ores are found here. A dam thrown across the 
river, and a canal .S m. long, with 70 feet lockage, facilitate 
navigation, and furnish excellent water-power. The Ver- 
mont and Massachusetts R. R. crosses the t., and Montagu© 
station is 4 m. E. of Greenfield. Pop. 1,518. 



Montague, t. and p. v., Sussex eo., K Jer, : on Delaware 
river, iu the extreme N. of the State, 72 m. N. Trenton. 
Drained by Mill brook, and Big an.l Little Flat kills, wBich 
afford power for several mills. Surfaee m<iuntainou9 on tho 
E., Ihe Blue Mountains occupying the E. Ijorder ; in the W. 
alluviiU meadow. Soil excellent and well cultivated. The 
V. is on the Delaware, which is here crossed by a bridge, 
and contains several miUs on Chambers cr. Pop. oft. 1,009. 
Montague, p. o., Essex co., Virg. : aliout 3 m. W. of 
Rappahannock r., 44 m. E. N. E. Richmon<l. 

Montague Canal, p. v., Franklin co., Jfitss. : on the E. 
side of Connecticut r., 79 ra. W. by N. Boston. 

Mont Alto, p. v., Franklin co., Pfiin. : 46 m. S. W. Ilar- 
risburg. Here are located a furnace of l.SOO tons capacity, 
a forge i>roducing 300 tons of blooms, and 200 ti^ins of bars 
per annum, and a rolling-mill making 350 tons of bars and 
rods per annum, moved by the waters of Aulietam cr., and 
together employing about 500 liands. 

Montauk, p. 0., Crawford co., Mo. : 63 m. S. E. Jetrersoa 
City. 

Montauk Point, K. T! .- is a bold promontory, constitut- 
ing the extreme E. end of Long Island, on which is a stono 
lighl-liousc, erecU'd in 1795. Lat 41° 4' lo", long. 71° 51 
5&". It is 19 m. S. of Slonington, and 116 m. E. by N. of 
New York. The ocean presents peculiaridiasesof grandeur 
here, whether in calm or storm, and attracts many visitors 
to this place in the summer season. 

Montcalm county, Midi. Situate S. centrally, on Lower 
Peninsula, and contains 376 eq. m. Drained by Flat r. and 
Fish and Prairie creeks of Grand r., and Pine r., a branch of 
the Tittibawaasie. Surface undulating, and generally well 
wooded with oak, ash, maple, and black walnut; soil black 
sandy loam, and mostly very fertile, with but little waste 
land, equally adapted to grass and grain, and free from 
stone. Farms '26 ; manuf. 5 ; dwell. 164, and pop. — wh. S91, 
fr. co!. 0— total S91. Capital: Greenville. 

Montcalm, t. and p. o., Montcalm co., Mic?t. : 42 m. N.W. 
Lansing. Drained by triljutaries of Grand r. Po]). 135. 

MontkbeIlo. p. v.. Hancock co., PI. : on the lell bank of 
Mississippi r, 96 m. W. N. W. Springfield. 

Montello, p. o., Marquette co.. Wise. : 49 m. N. by E. 
Madison. 

Montell's, sta., Baltimore co., Md. : 11 m. N. Baltimore, 
on the Westminster Branch R. E. 

Monterey county, (kilif. Situate W. middle, and con- 
tains 2,771) sq. m. Drained by Pajaro and Monterey or Sali- 
nas rivers. The Coast Range forms the E. boundary, sep- 
arating Ihe CO. from the San Joaquin valley, and the Santa 
Cruz mis. in the middle parallel to them, dividing the co. 
into two extended valleys. San Juan valley, occupying the 
E. part, is a beautiful and very fertile plain, with tew large 
streams, but rich mines of quicksilver and gold in the N. ; 
the W. valley is drained by the Monterey, a large and well- 
timbered stream, is fertile, and easy accessible, lying on tho 
Pacific, and having a fine harbor. Pop. in 1S52, 2,753. 
Capital: Monterey. 

Monterey, p. o., Eed River co., 71^r. .■ 291 m. N. E. by N. 
Austin City. 

Monterey, p. o., Pulaski county, Ind. : 03 m. N. N. W, 
Indianapolis. 

Monterey, p. o., Davis CO., Ta.: 76 m. S. W. Iowa City. 

Monterey, t. and p. o., Berkshire co.. Mass.: 112 m. W. 
by S. Boston. Drained by Mill r., a branch of the Ilonsa- 
tonic. Surfiice elevated and rough: soil good pasture land, 
and covered with fine limber. Grazing is the leading inter- 
est. Ineorporitted in 1S49. Pop. 7'jl. 

Monterey, t. and p. o., Allegan county, SHch.: 66 m. W. 
Lansing. Drainc<I by Rabbit r. and branches. Surface 
uneven : soil fertile and well timbered with pine. Pop. 23S. 

Montkrev, p. o., Berks county, Penn.: 4S m. E. N. E. 
Harris burg. 

MoNTKRKV, p. o., Dutchess CO., AT. Y. : 8il m. S. Albany. 

Monterey, p. c, Clermont co. Ohio .-86 m. S.W. Columbus. 

505 



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Monterey, p. v., and cap. Highland CO., Virg. : 124 m. 
W. N. W. liiehmond. It conlaina a court-houae, academy, 
and several stores. 

Monterey, p. o., Abbeville district, & Oar. : 78 m. W. 
Columbia. 

Monterey, p. c, M'Nairy county, Teiin.: 118 m, 8. W. 
Nashville. 

Monterey, p. o., Butler co., Akt.: about 8 m. S. of Cedar 
cr.. 4G m. S. W. Montgomery. 

MoNTEitEY, p. 0., Owen co., Ki/. : 21 m. N. Frankfort 

Monterey, p. v., Calhoun co., lU. : on the ri£:hl bank of 
Illinois r.. ojtposite the mouth of Otter cr., G3 m. S. W. 
Springfield. 

Monterey, p. o., Waukesha co., Wise. : 54 m. E, by S. 
Madison. 

Monterey, p. v., and cap. Monterey co., Calif. : on the S. 
Bide of Monterey Bay, in lat. 3G0 86' 24" N., and long. 121° 
62' 25'' W., lot m. S. by E. Vallejo. This was one of the 
Iiu-gest and most frequented tOTvais of California Alta before 
the cession of 1S4S, and was originally the site of a Catholic 
Mission founded more than a century ago. The hjtfbor is 
unequaled for safety and access, and is capacious enough 
to contain the navies of the whole world together. Behind 
It the coast range of mountains rises to a majestic height. 
The V. is built on a wide, gently-sloping terrace, not far dis- 
tant from the shore, and only about 8J m. inland from the 
W. point of Punto Pinos. The vicinity is full of -splendid 
scenery, and has a climate beautiful as the ofl-sung clime 
of Italy. Not being directly interested in the mining regions, 
this place has been neglected, but there is no doubt of its 
eventually becoming an important point in the navigation 
of the Pacific Ocean. It was constituted a port of entry by 
the act of Congress, 2vSth September, ISoO, and the collection 
district of the same name includes the counties Monterey, 
San Luis Obispo, and Santa Cruz. Pop. of v. about 1,600. 

Montevallo, p. o., Shelby co., Ala. : 53 m. N. \V, by N. 
Montgomery. 

MoNTBTiDEO, p. 0., Elbcrt CO., Ga. : about 4 m. W. of 
Savannah r, 92 m. N. N. E. Milled geville. 

Mo>-TEZL'MA, sta., Macon co., Ga. ; 2 m. N. of Oglethorpe, 
on the South-western H. E. 

MosTEzrMA, p. v., Pike co , lU. : on the right bank of 
Illinois r., 53 m. AV. S. "W. Springfield. 

Montezuma, p. o., Greene county, Wise: 2Sin. 3. by "W. 
Madison. 

Montezuma, p. v., Parke eo., Ind.: on the left bank of 
Wabash r., 61 m. W. Indianapolis. It contains several 
stores and warehouses, anil has a large trade in the staples 
of a rich distriet, brought to it on plank-roads from the E. 
and ■W.,and shipped by the Wabash and Eric Cana.1. 

Montezuma, p. v., Cayuga co., 31 V.: at the junction of 
the Cayuga and Seneca Canal with the Erie Canal, 153 ra. 
W. by N. Albany. Here are several salt springs, from 
which is manvifai-lured salt of the best and purest quality. 
It is 84 m. by canal E. of Syracuse, and contains several 
stores and largo warehouses, and a population of SOO. 

Montezuma, p. o.. Union ca, Ki/.: 172 m. W. by S. 
Frankfort. 

Montkzcma, p. v., Mercer co., Ohio: 89 m. W. by N. 
Columbus. 

Montezuma, p. v., and cap. Poweshiek co., /a. : &i m. W. 
Iowa City. It is near Fisher's cr. of English r., and contains 
the CO. buildings and several stores. 

Montgomery county, Ahi. Situate S. E. centrally, and 
contains 941 sq. m. Bounded N. W. by the Coosa, and 
drained by the Tallapoosa and Oakfuskee, Coloma, and 
Pintala creeks. Surface moderately uneven : soil exceed- 
ingly fertile. Cotton and corn are the almost exclusive 
agricultural products. The amount of cotton raised is sur- 
passed by few counties in the State or Union, and the qual- 
ity excelled by none. Corn is also a very large crop, and in 
parts some wheat is grown, and on Uie rivers a little rice. 
li lies iavorably for transportation of its products by water, 
500 



and commands the trade of several adjacent countiea. 
Farms 9G2 ; manuf 6; dwell. l.SSl, and pop.— wh. 10,172, 
fr. col. 112, si. 19,511— total 29,795. CapiUil: Montgomery. 
Public Works: Montgomery and West Point E. 11.; 
Montgomery and MobUe R. E. 

Montgomery county, Ark. Situate W. centrally, and 
contains 1,073 sq. m. Drained by Washita r. and Koureho 
Caddo and their branches. Surface varied, with hilly por- 
tions in the N. and level tracks in the 9. ; soil mosUy pro- 
ductive, and well adapted to grazing. Corn and live-stock 
are the staples. It has some coal and fine sulphur springs. 
Farms 215; manuf. 6; dwell. 319, and pop.— wh. l,:?!)!, fr. 
col. 1, si. 66— total 1,953. CapiUil: Mount Ida. 

Montoomery county, Ga. Situate S. E. centrally, and 
contains 1,106 sq. m. Drained by Ocmulgee, Little Ocraul- 
gee, Oconee, Pendleton's, and Great Ohoopee rivers. Sur- 
face generally even, and covered with a growth of pine; 
soil sandy and of moderate fertility, except on some of the 
streams, where rich swamps abound. Corn and cotton are 
raised in small quantities, and a little sugar and rice. Lum- 
ber and tar, pitch and turpentine are small exports. Farms 
163; manuf. 0; dwell 236, and pop.— wh. 1.541, t>. col. 0*, 
si. 613— total 2,154. Capital : Mount Yemon. Pullic 
Works: Savannah and Albany R. K. 

Montgomery county, HI Situate S. W. centrally, and 
contains 720 sq. m. Drained by Macoupin, Shoal, and 
Beaver creeks. Surface high and undulating; soil very 
fertile. Corn and wheat are the staple cereals. Live-stock, 
beef, and pork are the principal exports. It has some fine 
mill-seats and growing manufactures. Farms SI 1; manuf, 
17; dwell. 1.051, and pop.— wh. 6.25S, fr. col. IS — tot:d 
6,276. Capitul: Ilillsboro'. Public Works: Terre llauto 
and Alton E. E. 

Montgomery county, Ind. Situate W. middle, and con- 
tains 504 sq. m. Drained by Sugar, Big, and Little Raceoon 
creeks, and other tributaries of Wabash r. Surface various, 
in the centre rolling, S. level, and near the creeks somewhat 
hilly ; soil everywhere rich. Most of the connly was origin- 
ally heavily timbered. Com is the great staple, and wheat 
a very fine crop. Live-stock, beef, wool, and pork are ex- 
ported, the last very largely. It has excellent water-power, 
and extensive manufactures of flour, woolens, leather, oil, 
lumber, ami earthen and iron ware. Farm 1,S30; maimt 
S7; dwell. 2,971, and pop.— wh. 17,955, fr. eol. 129— toUal 
1S,0S4. Capital: Crawfordsville. Pu/dic Works: New 
Albany and Salem E. R. ; Lafayette and Crawfordsville R. K. 

Montgomery county, la. Situate S. W., and contains 
432 sq. m. Drained W. by Ntsbnabatona r., and E. by 
Nodaway r., branches of the Missouri. Erected since 1S50. 

Montgomery county, Ay. Situate N. E. centrally, and 
contains 544 sq. ra. Drained by Red r., of the Kentucky 
and Slate cr. of the Licking. Surface diversified, and soil 
excellent for grain and grass. Corn is the siaple, and tho 
produce very large; wheat and rye are also fine crops. 
Uorsea, cattle, wool, and pork are important exports, tho 
last especially. It has abundant water-pAwer and growing 
manufactures. Iron ore is found. Farms 856; manuf. 82; 
dwell. 1,103, and pop.— wh. 6,671, fr. col. 159, si. 3,07.3— total 
9,903. Capital : Mount Steriing. 

Montgomery county, JId. Situate W. middle, and con- 
tains 440 sq. m. Bounded N. E. by Patuxent r., S. W. by 
the Potomac, and drained mostly by afHuenis of the Potomac, 
which afford excellent mill-sites. Surface diversified, with 
many hills in the N. parts; soils various, some thin and 
sterile, and some very rieh, ajid producti\ e of wheat, corn, 
and tobacco, the leading products. It has manufaetories of 
woolen and cotton goods, flour, leather, luml)er, and machin- 
ery, flour being the heaviest article, A variety of iron ore, 
used in making pigments, and gold, found in small quanti- 
ties, are the chief minerals. Farms 1,051; manuf. 71; 
dwell. 1.923, and pop.— wh. 9,435, (V. col. 1.811, si. 5,114— 
total 15,S60. Capital : EockvUle. PuUh Works: Chesa- 
peake and Ohio CanaL . 



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MoNTGO^raRY county, Mo, Situate E. middle, and con- 
tains 59-t sq. m. Drained by Oak er. and Au Cuivre r., of 
the Mississippi and Loutre r., a hramh of the Missouri, 
which forms its S. boundary. Surface moderately uneven ; 
soil generally fertile, on the large streams Tery rich. Com 
and tobacco are the chief crops. Much of the county is 
adapted to grazing, and the rearing of cattle. Mill streams 
are numerous, limber abun'iant, and markets convenit.-nt. 
Farms 607 ; maimf. 16 ; dwell. 7&1, and pop. — wh. 4,449, 
fr. col. -3, si. 1,037— total 5,4S9. Capital: Dtwiville. 

MoNTGOsiERT county, N. Y. Situate E. centrally, and con- 
taina 356 sq. m. Drained by Mohawk r. and its branches, 
the principal of which is the Scoharie. Surface hilly and 
somewhat mountainous, with alluvial plains on the Mohawk 
and some ol its branches; soil a gravf lly or clayey loam, 
and generally very productive of grass and all the grains. 
The dairy is a great object of attention, and potatoes and 
all the grains yield fine crops. Butler, cheese, and wool are 
exported, the last largely. Mill-siles are abundant, and oc- 
cupied by numerous manufactories of flour, woolen gfiods, 
distilled liquors, and leather. There are in the county seve- 
ral valuable limestone quarries. Farms 1,S83; manuf. 267; 
dwell. 5,353, and pop^-wh. Z\Jn% fr. col. 413— total 31,992. 
CapiUil: Fonda. Public Woi'i:^ : Erie Canal; Utica and 
Schenectady R. R. 

MoNTGOMBRY couuty, N". Cur, Situate S. in W. part, and 
contains 4S3 sq. m. Bounded "W. by the Yadkin, and 
drained by its branches, Little r., Ultarie r., etc. Surface 
rough and mountainous, with beautiful valleys ; soil mostly 
fertile. Cotton is the stai)le ; corn and wheat are heavy 
crops, and in parts tobacco flourishes. It has much good 
pasture laud, and superior horses :ind dairies. Water-power 
is plenty, and cotton goods, flour, leather, and distilled 
liquors are extensively made. Farms 541; manuf. 14; 
dwelL 902, and pop.— wh. 5,055, fr. col. 44, si. 1,773 — total 
6,572. Capital : Troy. 

MoNTGOMBRY couuty, 07iio. Situate S. "W., and contains 
46s sq. m. Drained by Miami and Mad rivers and their 
branches. Surface gently undulating. Soil of great fer- 
tility, equally adapted to grass and grain. Com and wheat 
are the leading crops ; rye, oats, and potatoes but little in- 
ferior. Very large amounts of pork are exported, the clip- 
pings of wool'are heavy, and the produce of the dairies very 
valuable. It has great facilities for manufacturing in an 
abundance of superior water-power, and easy communica- 
tion with markets in every direction. The principal articles 
made are flour, cotton and woolt-n goods, iron castings, and 
machinery, p.tper, and earthen-ware. Farms 2,06S ; manuf. 
224; dwell. 6,527, and pop.— wh. 37,973, fr. cr.l. 246— total 
SV219. Capital: Dayton. Public WorAs: Miami Canal; 
Mad liiver and Lake Erie R. K. ; Cincinnati, Hamilton, and 
Dayton K. 11.; Little Miami R. R.; Dayton and "Western 
E. K. ; Greenville and Miami E. R. ; Dayton and Miehigau 
E. li. ; Da.Uoa and Xeuia R. E., etc. 

Montgomery county, Penn. Situate S. E., and contains 
50S sq. m. Drained by the Schuylkill, which runs on its 
S. W. border, and ils branches, which furnish excellent 
water-power in abundance. Surfuce moderately uneven; 
soil very fertile, especially on the Schuylkill. Com, wheat, 
rj'e, oats, and potatoes are all very large crop?. The diiiries 
are large, and the land under very high cultivation, but the 
leading interest is manufactures. The S. E. consist largely 
of iron works, the native ore being abundant, fiouring- 
mills, tanneries, lumber, paper, and powder miUs, and 
"Woolen factories, besides machine shops, and almost every 
branch of mechanism. Farms 4,456 ; manuf. 697 ; dwell. 
10,022, and pop.— wh. 57.442, fr. col. S49— total 5S,291. Cap- 
ital : Nolristown. PuhUc Works : Philadelphia and Read- 
ing E. E. ; Xorribtown Branch R. R. 

Montgomery county. Term. Situate W. on N. line, and 
contains 4S3 sq. m. Intersected by Cumberland r., and 
drained by its branches, lied r.. Barren and Montgomery 
forks, and Yellow cr. Surface varied ; soil very fertile. 



Corn and tobacco are the chief crops, the produce of fhe 
latter being very large; wheat and oats yield well. Large 
numbers of cattle arc raised, and pork is a heavy export. 
Though a superior farming county, mannfa'-tures are flmir- 
ishing and rapidly advancing, partieuinrly of iron, for 
which it furnishes excellent ore. Farms 1.227 : m.inuf. 59 ; 
dwell. 2,0S6, and pop. wb.— 11,900, fr. col. 74, si. 9,071— total 
21.045. Capital: Clarksville. Public Works: Nashville 
and Henderson E. R. 

Montgomery county, Tex. Situate S. E., and contains 
1,1S2 sq. m. Drained by t^an Jacinto r. ancl its numerous 
branches, the largest being Peach, Caney, Spring, and Mill 
creeks. Surface undulating and nearly level. The streams 
are skirted with timber, the rest is mostly prairie; soil in 
the bottoms a deep black mold of very great fertility, and 
the pr.-iiries are excellent pasttires. Corn, cotton, and pota- 
toes produce great crops ; most of the grains do well. Sugar 
can easily be grown when the land is cleared, and cattle and 
sheep raised in immense numbers. Pine predominates in the 
San Jacinto bottom, and in the W. excellent building timber 
is abundant. Ledges of " rotten-stone" and clay beds are 
fou no plentifully in the S.,and sulphur and salt springs and 
iron ore are also found. Farms 180; manuf. S; dwell. 260, 
and pop.— wh. 1,439, fr. col. 0, sL 945— total 2.3S4. Capital : 
Montgomery. 

MoNTGojiERT county, Virff. Situate S. "W.. and contains 
4S5 sq. m. Bounded S. W. by New r. and Brush or., and 
drained by heads of Roanoke r., which rises in this county. 
Surface rough and mountainous, with beautiful and ft-rtile 
valleys ; soil mostly good, and in parts very productive. 
Wheat and corn are large crops, and tobacco grows finely 
in the bottoms. It has excellent pasture.*, and, l>ing be- 
tween the Blue Eidge and spurs of the Alleghany ^Mount- 
ains, many small mill streams. Farms 546; manuf. 0; 
dwell. 1,121, and pop.— wh. 6,S22, fr. col. 66. si. 1.471— total 
S,359. Capital: CliJ-istiansburg. Piihlic Works: Virginia 
and Tennessee R. R. ; and Ijranch toward the Ohio r., etc. 
Montgomery, p. city, and cap. Montgomery co., Ala., 
and capita! ofthe State: on the left bankof the Alabaman, 
an<l at the head of steamboat navigation thereof, in hit. 
320 22' N., and long. S6=> 26' W., IIS m. S. E. by E. Tusca- 
loosa, the old capital, which it succeeded in 1847. The city 
is built on a high bluff, and contains the capitol and other 
Stale buildings, and the usual county oflfices, also churches 
of the principal denominations, and is tlie location of the 
U. S. land office of the Montgomery land district. The sur- 
rounding country is one of the most productive cotton re- 
gions ofthe State, and from this point that staple is shipped 
Uo^vn the river to Mobile, or carried east to the Chait-ihoo- 
chee by the Montgomery and "West Point R. R., 88 m. to "West 
Point, and shipped to Appalachicola, in Florida. When 
the La Grange E. E. is finished there will be a continuous 
railroad route from Montgomery to Savannah, 467 miles, 
and to Charleston, 483 miles. A railniad is also projected 
from Montgomery xia Green\Tlle to Mobile. The news- 
papers published here are. the " State Gazette" (dem.), daily 
and weekly ; the " Atlas" (dem), and the " Alabama .Jour- 
nal'' (whig), both daily, tri-weekly, and weekly; and the 
"Alabama Stale Register" (whig), tri-weekly and weekly. 
It is one of the most progressive cities of ih'* South-west ; it 
was laid out in 1617— in 1840 had 2,170 inhabitants, and in 
1850, 4.957. 

Montgomery, t, and p. o., Hampden co., Uasfs. : 94 m. 
W. by S. Boston. Drained by branches of Westfield r., its 
S. W. boundary, along which the Western R. R. passes. Sur- 
face hilly and broken ; soil adapted to grazing. It has ranch 
timber, and produces live-stock, butter, cheese, and wooL 
Pop. 383. 

MoNTGOMEBT, t aurl p. V., Orange co., K F. : 81 m. 
S. by W. Albany. Drained by the Wallkill and its branches, 
which supply it with numerous mill-sites. Surface hilly; 
soil clayey and gravelly loam, \ery productive of grass and 
grain, and under high cultivation. The meadows abound 

M7 



MON 



MON 



in bones of the inastodon, and the most cbniplete specimen 
ever discovered was found in tho E. part in 1S45. Manu- 
factures of various kinds are largely i)roseoutcd. particularlj" 
in the v., which is on the E. bank of the Wallkill, and con- 
tains an academy, a dozen stores, and a foundry, several 
mills, and 1,000 inhabitants. Pop. of t. 3.9.S3. 

Montgomery, p. v., Hamilton co., Ohio : 86 m. S.W. by W. 
Columbus. 

JfoxTGOMEKT, p. o., Sumncr co., Tenn. : 18 m. N. N. E. 
Nashville, 

Montgomery, p. t., and cap. Montgomery county, Tkr. ; 
aboutequidislant from Lake cr. and San Jacinto r.,1'21 m. E. 
Austin City. It lies in a district heavily timbered with the 
best of building material, and contains the county buildings 
and several stores. 

MoN'TGOMEnr, t> and p. o., Franklin co., Verm^ : 45 m. N'. 
Montpelier. Drained by Trout r., a branch of Missisqui r., 
which furnishes superior water-power. Surface rough, ex- 
cept on the river, where is a fertile interval. It is well 
wooded and has good pastures. Pop. 1,006. 

Montgomery, p. o., Jennings co., Iiid. : 65 m. S. S. E. 
Indianapolis. 

Montgomery Centre, p. v., Franklin county, Venn. : on 
Trout r., 46 m. N. Montpelier. 

Montgomery Cross RoAns, p. v., "Woods co., Ohio : on an 
E. branch of Corlage r., 94 m. N. N. W. Columbus. 

Montgomery's Ferry, p. o., Perry co.. Penn. : on the 
right bank of Susquehanna r., 14 m. N. "W. Harrisburg. 

Montgomerytille, p. v., Montgomery co,, Pemi.: 73 m. 
E. Harrisburg. 

MoNTnALiA, p. o., Panola county, Miss. : 147 m, N. 
Jackson. 

MoNijcELLO, p. v., and cap. Jefferson co., Flor. : 25 m. 
E. by N. Tallahassee. It lies on elevated ground, about 4 
m. E. of Mickosukie lake, surrounded by rich cotton plant- 
ations, and contains a court-bouse and jail, an academy, and 
S29 inhabitants. 

:MoNTirELi,o. p. v., and cap. Jasper county, Ga. : 81 m. 
"W. N. W. Millfdgeville. It contains a court-house, jail, 
academy, about 20 stores, and a population of 600. 

MoNTiCELLO, p. v., aud cap. Drew co., Art. : 7S m. S. S. E, 
Little Eock. It contains a court-house and a few stores. 

MovncELLO. p. v., and cap. Piatt co., III. : about 2 m. E. 
of the N. fork of Sangamon r., 59 m. E. by N. Springfield. 
It contains a eourt-liouso, jail, .^nd several stores. 

MoNTiCELLO, p. v., and cap. White co., Ind. : on the right 
bank of Tipppcanoe r., 72 m. N. N. W. Indianapolis. "^It 
lies on a high bank on the edge of the Grand Prairie, and 
hits a valuable trade and superior facilities for manufactur- 
ing. The river may be made to yield a great power, and 
already moves large flouring-mills. TIic v. contains a court- 
house and jail, an academy, and several stores. The 
"Prairie Chieflain" is published weekly. 

MoNTicELLO. p. v., and cap. Wayne co.. TT?/. .■ about S m. 
8. of Cumberland r.,92 m, S. Frankfort. It contains a court- 
house, jail, and a popidation of 300. 

MoNTioELLO, t and p. o., Aroostook county. Me, : 169 m. 
N. E. by N. Augusta. Drained by Meduxnekeag r., a branch 
of St. John's r. It is densely covered with timber, the pre- 
p^iring of which for market forms the chief business. Pop- 
ulation 22T. 

MoNTicELLo, p. o., Pike county, Ala. : 47 miles S. E. 
Montgomery. 

MoNTicELLO, p. 0., Joncs county, la. : 49 m. N. N. E. 
Iowa City. 

MoNTicET.i.0. p. v.. and cap. Lawrence co., 3Iiss. : on the 
right bank of I^earl river, 51 rn. S. by E. Jackson. It has a 
favorable location for trade, hiid is the shipping point for a 
large cotton region, and contains a court-house, jail, acade- 
my, sevt-ral warehouses and stores, and 500 inhabitants. 
The '*Southrm Journal" (dem.) is published weekly. 

MoxTiCELt-o. p. v.. and cap. Lewis co., Mo.: on North 
Fabius river, 107 m. N. by E. Jefferson City. It contains 
508 



a court-house, academy, Several stores, and a population 
of 450. 

MoNTioELLO, p. v., and cap. Sullivan co., N. Y. : 86 m. 
S. W. by S. Albany. It has an elevated position near a 
branch of Mongaup creek, and contains a court-house and 
jail, the clerk's office, 2 banks, a dozen stores, and 8u0 in- 
habitants. Two weekly papers are published, the '• Repub- 
lican Watchman'' (dem.), and the "Sullivan County Whig." 

MoNTicELLo, p. 0., Guilford co., 2^. Car. : 65 m. W. N. W. 
Ealeigh. 

MoNTicELLO, p. v., Fairfield dist, *S. Car. : about 8 m. E. 
of Broad river, 28 m. N. W. Columbia. It cont,iins an 
academy, several stores, and 350 inhabitants, aud was for a 
time the capital of the county. 

MoNTicELLo, p. 0., Greene co., Wise. .* 29 m. S. S. W. 
Madison. 

MoNTiCELLO, p. v., and cap. Lewis co., Oreff. Ter. : 142 m. 
N. Salem. On the 25th Nov., 1852, a convention of the citi- 
zens of Northern Oregon was held at this place, and a memo- 
rial to Congress agreed upon, asking for the division of the 
present territory, and the erection of a new territory from 
all that portion N. of the Columbia and E. to the liocky 
Mountains. This section was erected into the " Territory of 
Washington" in March, 1853. 

MONTICELLO, p. o., CarToU parish, Za. : 149 miles N. 
Baton Rouge. » 

MoNTMORENoi couuty, Mich. Situate N. E. on Lower 
Peninsula, and contains 576 sq. m. Drained by Thunder 
Bay r. and its branches flowing into Lake Hiirou. Erected 
since 1850. 

MoNTONGA, p. o., Drew county, Ark. : 73 m. S. S. K 
Little Rock. 

Montour county, Pent}. Sitnale E. centrally, and con- 
tains 206 gq. m. Drained by Roaring and Potts creeks, af- 
fluents of E. branch of the Susquehanna, which intersects the 
county and furnishes abundance of water-power. Surface 
broken ; soil of superior fertility, adapted to grass or grain. 
Wheat, rj'e, com, oats, and potatoes afford large crops, and 
the pastures feed fine dairies and gre.it numbers of sheep. 
Live-stock, butter, cheese, and wool are the exports. Iron 
ore abounds, and the manufacture of iron employs a large 
capital. Flour, leather, woolens, and distilled liquors are 
largely made. Farms 738; manuf. 69; dwell. 2.2S9, and 
pop.— wb. 13,155, fr. col. 84— total 13,239. Capital: Dan- 
ville. Public Jiarhs : North Branch Canal : Extension of 
Pennsylvania Coal Company's R. 11. to Northumberland, etc 

Montour's, p. o., Alleghany co., Penn.: 154 ra. W. byN. 
Harrisburg. 

Montpelier, p. o., Marengo county, AUi. : 76 m, W. 
Montgomery. 

Montpelier, p. o., Monroe county, Ga. : 47 ni. W. by N. 
Milledgeville. 

Montpelier, p. v.. Blackford co., Ind. : on the S. Side of 
Salamonier, 6S m. N. K. by N. Indianapolis. 

Montpelier, p. o.,Williams co., Ohio: 137 m.N.W.byN, 
Columbus. 

MoNTPiaiER, p. c, Adair county, Ky. : 83 m. S. by W. 
Fr.inkfort, 

Montpelier, p. o., Richmond co., IT. Car. : about 4 nL 
W. of Lumber r., 65 m. 8. S. W. Raleigh. 

Montpelier, t., p. v., and cap. Washington co., Verm.^ 
and capita! of the Slate: on Winooski r., in lat. 44^ 17' N., 
and long. 72° 36' W., 524 m. N. N. E.Washington. Drained 
by tributaries of the Winooski, which afford fine water- 
power and numerous mill-seata. Surface uneven and hilly;' 
soil various — on the hills furnishing fine pastures. The v. is 
the centre of a large commerce and of roads diverging in 
every direction. The Vermont Central R. R. touches Mont- 
pelier, 77 m. from Windsor, and 40 m. from Burlington. 
The public buildings are the State House, court-house, jail, 
etc. The State House is an elegant granite structure, 150 
feet long— the centre, including portico. 100 fee* deep, and 
the wings 72 feet deep; the centre front has a flue Dorio 



MON 



MOO 



portico of 6 columns, each 6 foul diameter and 36 feet high, 
and the whole edifice is surmounted by a dome 100 ft-et 
from the ground. In the iuterior are convenient Stale offi- 
ces and spacious and ekgant rooms for the Senate and 
Kepresentatives. Montpelior became capital in 1S05. It 
has several workshops and factories, a bank, and numerous 
wholesale and retail stores; and five newspapers, the "Ter- 
mout Patriot'' (dem.), the " Verm. Watchman" (whig), the 
"Green Mountain Freeman" (free soil), the '' Chriaiian lie- 
pository," and the " Christian Messenger" — all weekly pub- 
lications. Pop. in 1S30, 1,792 ; in 1S40, 3,725; and in 1S50, 
2,310. The t- of Ea-st Montpelicr was taken from the orig- 
inal I. in 1S49, and in 1S50 contained 1,447 inhabitants. 

MoxTPELiEE, p. o., Hanover cc, Vir{}. : 21 m. N. N. W. 
Eichmond. 

MoNTRA, p. 0., Shelby county, Ohio: 63 m. "W. N. "W. 
Columbus. 

Montreal river, 3nc7i: and Wise. : rises in several lakes 
in Wisc.y and flows N. W. into Lake Superior, forming the 
boundary between the two States. • 

Montrose, p. v., Lee co., I<i.: on the Mississippi, 12 m. 
above the mouth of the Des Moines, 92 m. S. Iowa City. It 
U opposite Nauvoo, and was first settled by Spaniards 
in 1799. 

MoNTEOBE, p. o., Jasper county, JUss. : 63 m. E. S. E. 
Jackson. 

Montrose, p. b., and cap. Susquehanna co., Penn. : 115 m. 
N. by E. Uarrisburg. It occupies an elevated position, and 
Is compactly built, containing a court-house and jail, an 
academy, 20 stores, several manufactories, and 916 mhab- 
itants. Two weekly papers, the "S. Register" (whig), and 
the "M. Democrat," are published. The Lackawanna and 
Western E. E. passes a few miles E., and Montrose sta. is 
13 m. S. of Great Eend, on the Erie R. R. 

MoNTBOSE, p. o., Smith county, Tenn. : 44 m. E. N. E. 
Nashville. 

Montrose, p. o., Summit co., Ohto: 113 m. N. E. by N. 
Columbus. 

Montrose, p. c, "Westmoreland co., Virg. : 49 m. N. E. 
Richmond. 

Montrose Dep&t, p. o. and sta., Susquehanna co., Penn. : 
on the Lackawanna and Western R. E., 13 m. S. of Great 
Bend. US ra. N. N. E. Tlarrisburg. 

Monttjkestille, p. v., L> coming co., Penn. : on the leil 
bank of the W. branch of Susquehanna r., 66 m. N. by W. 
Uarrisburg. It is on the W. branch of Pennsylvania Canal, 
G m. E. Williamsport. 

Montvale Sprtnqs, p. 0., Blount co., Tenn. : 163 m. E. 
by S. Nashville. 

MoNTTiLLE, t. and p. o., Waldo co., Me. : 24 m. E. by N. 
Augusta. Drained by heads of Sheepsci:tt and St. George's 
rivers. Surface varied, and soil fertile, and adapted to grain. 
A superior farming t. Pop. 1,878. 

MoNTTiLLE, sta., New London co., Coreii.; on the right 
l)ank of the Thames, 6 m. N. of New London, on the New 
London, Wililmantic. and Palmer R. R. 

MoNTTiLLE. t. and p. 0., Geauga co., Ohio : 14S m. N. E. 
Columbus. Drained by a branch of Grand r., and the hoad 
of Cuyahoga r., which rises in it. Surface somewhat uneven, 
and soil very fertile. Pop. 702. 

MoNTvn-LE, p. v., Morris co., X Jer.: on a N. branch of 
Eockaway r.. M m. N. N. E. Trenton. It lies in a deep 
valley on the Morris Canal, 40 m. from Jersey City, and con- 
tiins several stores and mills. 

_ MoNTJMENT, p. o., Pikc county, lU.: 89 m. W. by S. 
Springfield. 

MoNTMEKT, p. o. and sta., Barnstable co., 3ra»s. : on the 
Cape Cod Branch E. E., 21 m. S. E. Middleboro*, 49 m. 
8. 3. E. Boston. 

MoNTTMENT IsLAWD, p. o., Delaware co., IK n ; on Dela- 
ware r., 94 m. W. S. W. Albany. 

Mnonrs, p. o., Middlesex co.. Conn.: on an E. branch of 
tlie Connecticut, 23 m. S. E. by S. Hartford. 



Moody's Mills, p. c, Morgan Co., Ohio: 63 m. E. S. E. 
Columbus. 

Mooer's, t and p. v., Clmton co., K K .' on the Canada 
line, lis m. N. Albany. Drained by Chazy r. of Lake 
Champlain, and English r., an affluent of the St. Lawrence. 
Surface hilly, and heavily timbered ; soil various, princi- 
pally adapted to grazing, which is the leading interest. The 
v., 2 m. S. of the Canada line, on the N. side of Ciiazy r., is 
extensively engaged in manufactures. It is 20 m. N. of 
Plaltsburg, on the Plattsbnrg and Montreal E. E., which 
1. m. N. of the v. intersects the Northern (i^gdouaburg) 
R. R., 12 m. W. of Rouse's Point. Pop. of t. 3,365. 

Moon, t. and p. o., Alleghany co., /*e««. .- on.the h'd bank 
of the Ohio, 173 m. W. by N. Uarrisburg. Drained by 
affluents of the Ohio, which furnish water-power. Surface 
hilly ; soil loam, aad for the most part very fertile. It con- 
tains several fiouring-mills and small maaiUactoriea, but 
farming is the chief pursuit. 

MooN-ET, p. 0., Philips co.j Ark.: 87 m. E. by S. Little 
Rock. 

MooNET, p. 0., Jackson co., Ind. : about 2 m. S. of Sail 
cr., 5S m. S. Indianapolis. 

Moon's, p. o., Fayette co., Ohio : on Rattlesnake cr., 4t ui. 
8. W. by S. Columbus. 

Moon's, sta., Cobb co., Go. : on the Western and Allan 
tic E. E., 30 m. N. of Atlanta. 

Moore county, K Car. Situate centrally, and contains 
864 sq. m. Drained S. by Lumber r., N. by Deep r., and 
many otlier branches of Cape Fear r. Surface diversified, 
and generally somewhat uneven; soil of average fertility^ 
with superior land on the larger rivers. Cotton and corn 
are the leading crops; wheat, oats, and potatoes, and somo 
tobacco are cultivated ; but none of its products are very 
large. Farms 713; manuf. 4; dwell. 1,236. and pop. — wh. 
7,197, fr. col. 169, si. 1,976— total 9,342. Capital: Carthage. 

Moorefield, p. v., Switzerland co., I7id. : SI m. 8. E. by 
S. Indianapolis. 

Moorefield, p. o., Nicholas county, Kt/. : 45 m. E. by N. 
Frankf'.rt. 

Mooreftelo, t. and p. t., Harrison co., Ohio : 94 m. E. by 
N. Columbus. Drained by branches of Tuscarawas r. Sur- 
face slightly uneven, and soil mostly very fertile. The v. 
contains 44 inhabitants. Pop. of 1. 1,066. 

Moorefield, p. v., and cap. Hardy co., Tirg. : on the B. 
side of the 8. fork of Potomac r., 131 m. N. W. by N. Rich- 
mond. It has growing manufactures, favored by the exten- 
sive water-power of two branches of the r. uniting here, 
and contains a court-house, jail, academy, several mills, and 
500 inhabitants. 

MooHE's, p. 0., Bowie co„ Tea: : 306 m. N. E. Austin City. 

MooRESBOROCon, p. o., Cleveland co., N. Car. : on Sandy 
Eun of Broad r., 169 m. W. by S. Raleigh. 

MooRESnuRG, p. v., Pulaski co., Ind. : on an E. branch 
of Tippecanoe r., 85 m. W. by N. Indianapolis. 

MoORESBDRG, p. v., MontouF CO., Ptmn. : about 8 m. N. of 
Susquehannn r. and the Pennsylvania Canal, 49 m. N. by 
E. Harrisburg. A charcoal furnace of 1,400 tons cajtacity 
is located here. 

MooREsBUBo, p. o., Hawklns co., Tenn. : 205 m. E. by N. 
Nashville. 

Moore's Creek, p. o., New H.anover co.. A''. Car.: on a 
branch of Capo Fear r., 91 m. S. by E. IJaleigh. 

Moore's Cross Roaps, p. o., Hardeman county. Term. : 
169 m. S. W\ by W. Nasb\itle. It is near the S. line of the 
State, and on the line of the Memphis and Charleston R. E. 

Moobe'8 Fork, p. o., Clinton county, Nl T.: 114 m. N. 
Albany. 

Mo4jre's Hill, p. v.. Dearborn county, Ind.: 71 m. 
S. E. by E. Indianapolis. 

Moore's Mills, p. o., Jackson county, Yirg.: 237 m. 
W. N. W. Richmond. 

Moore's OnniNARY, p. o., Princo Edward county, Virg. . 
61 m. W. 8. W. Richmond. 

609 



MOO 



MOR 



Mooke's Pkaieik, p. o^ JeffefsoQ co., Hi. : 12$ m. 8. 5. £. 
Sprin^tld. 

ilooKE^ Rest, p. a, AndeiscHi co., Trtr.: 14S m. X. E. 
Ausdn Ciiv- 

MooRE*s Salt-WokkSs Pl t^ Jefferson countr, O^w: on 
Yellow t>r^ IW m. E. X. E. O^lumbus. 

Mo'-tsE'B Stoke, p. a, Sbenando&h ccl, Virg.: 10* m. 
N. TV. by N. Kichmood. 

Moose's Store, p. o., Caswell co., 3' Car, .- 6S m. Jf. "W. 
Baleigh. 

MooBG^TOWN. p. T., BoiiinsctcHi ca, X Jer. ; 5 m. E. o/ 
Dtlawure r., 30 m. S. S. TV. Treiiton. 

MooES^Tiu.E. p. v.. Limestone cc. Ahi. : between Shoal 
and Iiaiest*>ne creeks, aboai 5 m. N. of the Tennessee, 153 
m. N. by TV. Moai^morv. It has an academy, and in the 
ricioity are fine water privileges and several conon-tnills. 

MooE^TiLiE, p- v., Morgan co.^ Jnd. : on the E. side of 
TVhite Lick cr., 16 m. S. TV. Indianapolis. 

MootiESTnxE, p. o., Orange cow, S, Oir. .• 54 m. X. TV. 
Bale^h. 

MoosffivniB, pw ot, Unkm par^ La. : 167 m. X. X. TV. 
Baton RoQge. 

MooEESTiLLE, p. T., Marshall ca, Tenn, : 47 m. 6. by TV. 
Nash%TUe. 

Moose's TryETAEi>, p. o~, Baitholomew co., Ind, ; 46 m. 
S. S. E. ludianapolia. 

MoocfiEAi>Tiu.E, p. T., Erie ooonty, I^n.: 206 miks 
it. TV. by TV. Harrisborg. 

MooELA>i>, p. T^ TVayne coonty, Ohio: S5 m. N. E. 
^Iambus. 

MoosviLLE, p. o., Itawamba co., 2£is*. : 165 m. N. E. 
Jackson. 

MooSEOELOC, Grafton col, y. Samp. : lies in the E. 
port of Benton, and consists of two peaks, the X. 4,556, and 
the S. 4.636 feet above the ocean loveL The summits are 
bare masses (<" granite, on which the snow lies the year round. 

MoosB river, X T. : has its source in Hamilton co. in 
seTeral large lakes, and flows TV. across Herkimer into 
Lewis CO,, where it empties into Black r., above the High 
FaUs. 

Moose river, Jtfe. ; rises in the highlands, on the TV. line 
of the State, and Sows E. ihroagh se%'enil lakes into Mo'T^se- 
hcad lake, being its lar^st afflaenL 

Moosehead lake. Me. : Ues between Somerset and Penob- 
scot counties, and is the principal source of Kennebec r. It 
contains several large islands, and is about 35 m. long, rarr* 
ing in width from 4 to 13 miles. 

Moose Meadow, pw o., Tolland co., Otha. 

Moo^E ErvEE, p. o^ Somerset co., Jft*. -• 95 m. X. by TV. 
Angosta. 

Mooeop, p. Ou, TVindham col. Conn. : on an E. iHunch of 
the Quinuebciug. 41 ra. E. by S. Hartford. 

Mt-KirELrsocE. v., Calaveras co„ Calif. : about 2 m. TV. 
of the X. fork of the r. so called, 104 m. E. by X. Tallejo. 

Mo^rELUMXE river, C<ili/. : a tributary of Joaquin r. &om 
the Sierra Xevada. It flows through a rich gold region. 

Mo*iiTEi,rji>E HiLi, v_ Calaveras co., Colt/. : on the S. side 
of the S. f>rk of Moquelumne r., 106 m. E. by N. Vallejo. 

Morales De Lavaca, p. a, Jackson co., 7*esr. : 106 m. 
S. S. E. Austin Cty. | 

itoRAViA, t and p. T^ Cayuga co.. X. Z .- 1S9 m. TV. 
Albany. Drained bt Onasco inlet, which affords fine mill- , 
sites, and flows into Owasco lake in the N. TV. corner. A 
broad and fertile valley borders the inlet, back of which the ; 
f>udace is hilly and the soil indifferent The v. is on the 
inlet, and contains several factories and the Moravian In- ' 
stituie. Pop. of t. l,S76w | 

MoEEAu, t and p^ o., Saratoga county, .VI H .* 3S m. N. . 
Albany. Bounded N. and E. by 'the Hudson, on which, in I 
the X. E. comer, are Glen's and Baker's falls, which supply 
immense water-power. Surface mostly even, with bills in 
the E. ; soil sandy and clayey loam, generally fertile. Blick 
Dxirble of superior beauty is plentiful oo the Hudson, which ■ 
519 



is spanned by a bridgo above the falls. The Saratoga and 
TVashington K. K. p.is5es through it Pop. 1.S34. 

MoEEAC Station-, p. o. and sta.. S:iratoga co.. X T. : *> 
m. X. Albany, on the Saratoga and TVashington K, E., 16 n^ 
X. of Saratoga. 

MoRKFtELD, p. 0., Greene county, F*«c. .* 97 m. S. S. TV, 
Madison. 

MoKEHA^E parish, Ia Situate K. E., and contains &15 
sq. m. Drained by TVashita and Au Boeuf rivers and 
bayoa Bartholomew — the fli^t ftvrming its TV. and the last 
its E. boundary. Surface undulating, and in parts swampy, 
with a fine growth of timber; soil ft^tile, on the margins of 
the streams especi;illy so. and proviuctive of lai^ crops of 
cotton and com, the staples of the county. It has good 
pasture land, and raises many caiUe and fattens pork lankly. 
Fanus 360; manot 4; dwell. S73, and pop. — wh. 1.S77, fr. 
c<rf. 30, sL 2.006— total 3.915. Capital: Bastrop. iVWic 
Woris : Louisiana and Texas B. K. 

MoEEHArsEvniE, p. v„ and cap. Hamilton co., yi T. : 
7S m. X. W. Albany. A small v.. surrounded by fine pas- 
ture lands and forests of excellent timber, containing a 
court-house and 150 inhabitants. 

MoEELAXD, p. o., Bourbon county. Ay. .* SO m. E. by & 
Frankfort. 

MoEELA>-D, p. a, Fauquier co., Jlrff.: 71 m. X. by TV, 
Eichmond. 

MoEKLASD, pL a, Chemung col, JK i: .- 103 m. TV. by S. 
Albany. 

MoEELAxn, L and p. o., Lycoming co., Penn. .• 63 m. K. 
Harrisburg. Drained by Little Mutcy or. It has a hiBy 
surface, a gravelly soil, and abundance of white p'me tim- 
ber, which affords materi:d for numerous saw-miUs. 

MoKEMAs's EivEK, p. o., Albeuiaile eoc, Virg.: 63 nk 
TV. X. TV. Eichmond. 

MoEEsa, p. o., Lenawee cotmty, JtfioA. .* 42 m. S. S. E. 
I.ansing. 

MoKESTiLLE, p. T., Delaware ca, X. r. ; 45 m. TV. S. TV. 
Albany. 

MoEETOwx. t and p. v., TVashington co.. Verni, : S m. TV. 
Montpelier. Drained by Mad r., a branch of Onion r., 
which furnishes g»x>d water-power. The Vermont Central 
R. R. passes along Oiuon r.. the X. boundary of the t. Sup- 
tice mountainous and in many parts untiUable. The v. ia 
on Mad r.. and contiuns several mills and sbires. Popula- 
tion of t l,335u 

MoEETz Mill, p. a, Ashe co., X. Car. : 161 m.TV. by S. 
Raleigh. 

MoBOAX county, Ala. Situate X. middle, and contains 
714 s<j. m. Bounded X. by the Tennessee, and drained by 
its affluents. Surface varied, in the S. broken and uneven; 
soil in the X. very fertile, producing very heavy cotton crops, 
which constitute the staple, and large com crops: in the S. 
belter adapted to grain and grass, yii-Miog gv>od returns 
of wheat and oats, and rearing large numbers of neat ca^ 
tie and swine, and exjtorting beef and pork iu large quao* 
tilies. It has some mill streams and growing manulacmres 
of cotton goods. Farms 5*4; mauuf. 13: dwell. l.U*3. and 
pop.— wh. 6.63f, fr. col. 50. sL 8,437— total 10.135. Capital: 
Somcr^ille. PuWc Works : Memphis and Charleston R. R. 

MoESAS county. Ca. Situate X. cinirally. and contains 
274 sq. m. Drained by Little r. and other branches of the 
Oconee, which forms iu E. boundary. Surface geaily un- 
even, with many mill streams: s»il verj- fertile. Cotion is 
raistd in great quantities^ forming the staple pn^duct and 
almost excluding other crops. Its manufaetiu^:* are rapi<)lj 
increasing, partictilarly of cotton goods. Farms 336; nianu£ 
31 ; dwelt 621, and pop.— wh. 3,6**, fr. col. 1^. s). 7.i -94— total 
10,744. Capital: Madison. Puhiic Worl-^ : Ge^^rgia R. R. 
MoEGAX counts*. III. Situate TV. mid'ile, and contains 
539 sq. m. Drained by Indian and Mauvaiselerre creeks, 
branches of the Illinois, which forms the TV. boundary. 
Surface undulating or nearly level; soil of great feniJity, 
lai^^ly made up of prairies, which afford the very best of 



MOR 



MOK 



grazing lands. Cora and wheat are very heavy crops. 
Livt-stocfc, beef, wool, and pork are large exports. Timber 
UYound near all the streams, which afford considerable fine 
■water-power, flour, leather, woolen goods, iron castings, 
and roachinery are leading mannlactorea. Farms 1.574 ; 
fiiza\it S9; dwell. 2,651, and pop.— wh. 15,939, fr. coL 125— 
total 16,0W. C'Jpital: JacksonrUle. Pullic Works: San- 
gamon and Morgan R. £. 

MoBGA^' couDty, Ind. Situate 6. centrally, and contains 
453 ^i- m. Drained by W. fork of "WTiile r. and its branches, 
White Lick, Big Indian, Mill, and Siotfs creeks. Surface 
oii'Jiilating or leveL with hills near the streams and wide 
bottoms on iheir margins; soils everywhere excellent and 
well tioibered. Corn and wheat are heavy staples, and 
pork a large export. "Wool is extensively grown, and fine 
dairies kept. Farms 1,392; manaC 14: dwelL 2.401, and 
pop. — wh. 14,5<:t2, fr. coL 74 — total 14.576. Capital: Mar- 
UnsviUe. Public Works: Martinsville E. E. 

MoEGAZf coonty. Ay. Sitoaie X. E.. and contains 602 gq. 
DL Drained by Licking and Eeel rivers and their tributa- 
ries. Surface much diversifled, and in parts rugged or 
mountainous; soil of average fertility, better adapted to 
grazing than grain-growing. Com is the chief cereal pro- 
duced : other grains are raised in small quaniilies. and pork 
Is the principal export. It has abundant timber and water- 
power. Farms 615; manuf. 0; dwell. 1,201, and pop. — wb. 
7,395, fr. coL 83, sL 137— total 7,630. CapUul: West 
Liberty. 

MoEGiN county, Mo. Situate centrally, and contains 649 
sq. m. Drained by the Osage r., which runs on and near 
Its S. border, and its branches, and N. by Flat cr., a branch 
of La Mine r. Surface moderately uneven, in parts prairie, 
but generally well wooded. Com is lUe staple, but other 
grains thrire, and tobacco flourishes in parts. Fine pastur- 
age is abundant. <md Uie rearing of cattle and sheep de- 
mands much attention. Pork is the principal export. 
"Water-power is abundant Farms 455; mannill2 ; dwell. 
7M. an<l pop.— wh. 4,292. fr. coL 5, sL 45^— total 4,750- Cap- 
ital: Verseilles. 

Morgan ounty, Ohio. Situate S. K, and contains 354 
6q. m. Intersected by Muskingum r., and drained by its 
branches, and branches of Hocking r., which fumi»h fine 
iraler-power. Surface somewhat broken; soil rer>* fertile. 
Wheal and com are the staple cereals, and the produce 
Tery lai^. Tobacco i« cultivated with marked success and 
protiL It has ver>* fine dairies, shears a large amount of 
wool, and exports pork extensively. Bituminous coal is 
found, and numerous salt-springs, which formerly furnished 
a great quantity of salL II manufactures salt, leather. 
woolens, jr^n castings, machmery. liquors, and stone-ware. 
Farms 2,126: manuf. 95; dwell. 4,SS6, and p^.p.—wh. 23,515, 
fr. coL 70— total 23.5S5. Capital: M-Conneilsvillt% 

MoEGAS crtuniy, Tenn. Simate N. E., and contains SS3 
sq. m. Drained N. by branches of Cumberland r., and S. 
by Emerys r. and its branches, a£Quents of CUnch r. . Sur- 
fece rough and uneven, being crossed by Cumberland mts. ; 
soil better adupled to grazing than grain. Corn, oals^nd 
potatoes are the chief crops, and pork the principal export. 
Its mill streams are numerous and flue. Farms 4?J0 ; manul 
8 ; dwelL 5-1. and pop.— wh. 3,3i>l, fr. oc^ 25, sL 101— total 
8,430. Capital: Morgan. 

MoEGAS o-mnry. Vxrg. Situate N. E., and contains 295 
sq. m. Drain».-d by Cacapon r. and Sleepy cr., affluents of 
the Potomac, which forms the N. and X. W. bfjtundary. 
Surface much broken, in parts mountainous; soil in the 
valleys very fertile ; parts are too ragged for cultivation, 
Cora, wheaL rje, oats, and potatoes are raised, generally in 
good crops, though the amomits are not large. Sheep find 
good pasturage. It has saperior mill-seats, and manufao- 
lures flour, wrK)lens. leather, and earthen-ware. Farms 300; 
manuf. 9 ; dwell. &"•€. and pop.— wh. 3.4-31. fr. eoL 3. si. 123— 
ioiaI3.557. Capital :B&iii. Public HVrjfc«.- Baltimore and 
Ohio li. E. 



MoEGAK,^ and. p. o., Ashtabula co.. Ohio: 159 m. X. E. 
Columbus. Drained by Grand r. and its branches, which 
aff'»rd good miil-sites. Surface even, and soil prodnctire. 
Various small manufactories are operated. Pop. S91. 

MoEGAS, p. v., and cap. Morgan co., Tenn: on Emery's 
r., a branch of Clinch r., 113 m. E. XashvjUe. It contains a 
coQrt-house and jnil, and several stores and workshops, with 
about 24>0 inhabitants. 

M0BGA^', L and p. o., Orleans oo„ Verm, : 45 m. N. E. 
Monipelier. SejTnour's lake, a Iribatan' of Clyde r., occn- 
i pies the central part. Surface nneven. but not rough ; soil 
mostly good. Grazing is the chief pursuit. The St. Law- 
rence and Atlantic E. K, eroses the E. part Pop. 4^. 

MoEGAS CiTV. sta-. M"re:an co., lU. ; 9 m. E. of Naples, 
on the Sangamon and Morgan E. E. 

Mobganfieli*, p. V,. Union co.. i'y. .• about S m. S. of tho 
Ohio. 167 m. W. by S. Frankfort. It contains a conrt-hoose, 
academy, several stores, and .3f>0 inhabJlanis. 

MoEGANSsrES, p. o., Fauqulcr co., Vlrg. : 34 m. N. by W 
Eichmond. 

MoEGAs's CoENEES, sta., Delaware co., Penn, : 14 m. 
from Philadelphia, on the Columbia and Philadelphia E. B. 
and Philadelphia and Westchester E. E. 

Morgan's Ceeee, p. o.. Benton co.. Term, : near the lefl 
bank of the Tennessee, 63 m, W. by 5. Nashville. 

MoEGiS's Ceezk, p. o., Orange county, X. Car. : 41 m. 
W. N. W, P^eigh. 

MoEGAX'3 FoEE, p. o., Pike county, Ohio: 66 m. 8. 
Columbus. 

MoEGA-N's Mills, p. o., Union county, N. Car.: 103 m. 
W. S. W. Ealeigh. 

Moega^'s Eedge, p. 0., Mailon county, Tirg.: 205 m. 
X. W. by W. Eichmond. 

MoncAxsvnxE, p. v., Morgan co., Ohio: on a W. branch 
of the Muskingum. 5S m. E. S. E. C-olumbus, 

MoEGANsviLLE, p. V,, Gcuesee co., y. Y. : on Black cr., 
2=32 m. W. Albany. It contains several stores and mills, and 
300 inhabitants. 

MoEGA.NTowN-, p. v., Morgan co., Ind. : on the N. side 
of Big Indian cr., 23 m. S. by .W. In<iianapo!is. The Mar- 
linsviile E. K. passes through it 13 m. W. of Franklin. 

MoEG,v>Tow>*, p. v., and cap. Butler co., Ky. : on the S. 
side of Green r., 118 m. S. W. by W. Frankfort Large 
quantities of grain and tobacco are sent from this placd 
down the r.. which is navigable for boats of light dratight al 
all times. It contains a court-honse, jail, academy, several 
stores and small manufacl'^ries, and 400 inhabitants. 

MoEGAXTOw.v, p. v., Berks co., Penn.: b2. m. E. by S. 
Harrisburg. It contains several st«:)res, and 500 inhabil* 
ants. 

MoEGASTOWN, p. T., and cap. Bnrke co.. JIT. Car. : on the 
S. side of Catawba r.. 16'j m. W. Ealeigh. It lies on ele- 
vated ground, surrounded by a rich gram country, with 
flourishing manufactories in the %icimty, and has an exten- 
sive trade. It contains a conrt-house. jail, academy, bank, 
a dozen stores, and a population of 3s6 souls. 

MoEGA>-TOT^'>'. p. v.. Blount co-.-TV^/i. .- on the E. side 
of Tennessee r., 145 m. E. by S. Xa;-ln il.'e. 

MoEGASTowrs, p. v„ and cap. M'>noiigulia co., Tlrg.: on 
the E. side of Monongahela r.. 197 ni. N. W. Richmond. 
It lies at the head of steambo:iI navig-iion. and has a lai^ 
trade and rapidly increasing nianura-.-lures. for which there 
is ample water-power and abundance uf coal in the vicinity. 
It contains a court-house, jail, two academies, a dozen stores, 
several mills, and a population of Lr-ttf*. The ''Monongalia 
Mirror'' and ihe"Watchm:m"(]itcrar>^. and the " Mountain 
Messenger*' (Baptist), are pubii^he^l wt-ekly. 

MoEGA-KVTixE. p. o., Noiiiiway county, Vlrg.: 8S m. 
S. W. by W. Eichmond. 

MoEGAxvnxE, p. v., Ilillsdale county, JficA, ; 62 m. B. 
Lansing. "^ 

Mori AH, t and p. v., Essex po., X. Y. : on Lake Cham- 
plain, 93 m. N. Albany. Sur^.tC'-- very uneven; soil fertile 

511 



MOR 



MOR 



In the vail- y?. Marble uf good quality is found. Iron ore 
and lunbtT are abundiint, and attention is principally di- 
rected to them. The v. 13 on high ground, about S m. W, 
of the lake, and contains au academy, several stores, and 
1,000 inhabitants. Pop. of L 3,005. 

MoRicHF-s, p. T., Suffolk CO., 2/. F. : on the S. side of Long 
Island, 130 ra. S. S. E. Albany. 

MoKiNGViLLK, p. 0., ChalUain co., 2^. Car.: IS m. W. of 
Kaleigh. 

MoKiNGViLLK, p. V. and at,!., ^Vostclieatcr co,, y. Y. : on 
Bronx r., 112 m. S. Albany. It is 25 m. N.of New York, on 
the Harlem U. 11. 

Moitr-AN's GKOTE,p. o.,"Wayueco.,/^^. .• 119 m. S.E.byS. 
Springfield. 

MoKLKY, p. o., St. Lawrence co., IT. F. ; 163 ra. N.W. by N. 
Albany. 

Mormon Hill, p. o., Marshall CO., Iiu : 61 m. "W. N. "W. 
Iowa City. 

Mormon Island, p. o., Sacramento co., Call/,: on the S. 
fork of Aiuerioan r., 7-1 m. IZ. N. K. Vallejo. It was here 
that the first discoveries of gold were made in 1S48. 

Morning Sun, p. o., Louisa co., la. : 81 m. S. S. E. Iowa 
City. 

Morning Sttn, p. v., Preble co., Ofiio: on Four Mile cr., 
95 m. W. S. W. Columbus. The Four Mile Valley K. K. 
passes throuiih it. 

Morning Sun, p. o., Shelby co., Tenn.: ITO m. "W. S. W. 
Nashville. 

MoRo, p. 0., Calhoun co., Ark.: 63 m. S. by W. Little 
Eock. 

Morrtll'-s, sta., Cnmberland en., 3fe. : 8 ra. fi-ora Portland, 
on the York and Cumberland R. R. 

Morris county, A'. Jer. Situate N. raiddle, and contains 
406 sq. in. DraJued by Pequannock r., its N. boundary, 
Passaic r., its E. boundary, and W. by branches of the 
Earilan and Delaware. Surface broken N. and "W. by 
ranges of high hills ; in the S. is the beautiful valley <>f the 
Passaic. Soil gener.iUy verj' productive, and in parts tine 
grazing land. Wheat, com, rye, buckwheat, oats, and po- 
tatoes, are all good crops, and^the rye and buckwheat of a 
superior qnalily. Large products of the dairy, beef and 
wool, are the farming exports. It has valuable mines of 
magnetic iron ore, whieli are wrought extensively and with 
ranch profit, the metal obiainfcd being much sought after, 
and highly prized. Manufactures of almost every kin<i are 
prosecuted, the more important being iron cast and wrought, 
cotton and woolen fabrics, leather, di.stillcd liquors, papt-r, 
carriages, and cabinet furniture. Farm8l,S-t!3 ; manuf. 242 ; 
dwell. 5.07G. and pop.— wh. 29,146, fr. col., 99:1, si. 19— lota] 
80,15S. Capital : Morristown. Public Works : Morris Canal ; 
Morris and Essex R. R. 

MoRnis, p. v., and cap. Grnndy co.. M. : on the right bank 
of Illinois r., 121 m. N. N. E. SpringQeld. It ia on the Illi- 
nois and Michigan Canal, 2-^ m. S. W. of JubeU and has an 
extensive trade in the staples of the surruumiing country, 
which are shipped here in great amoimts, and growing 
manufactures. It lies on a gentle slope toward the r., and 
contains a eoiu-t-house and jail, numerous stores and ware- 
houses, and about 627 inhabitants. A weekly newspaper 
U pul>lished here. 
MoBRis, p. 0., Otaogo CO., 2T, Y. : 63 m. W. Albany. 
Morris, t. and p. o., Tioga co., Penn. : 96 m. N. N. W. 
ITarrisburg. Drained by Pine cr. and its branches, which 
afford much water-power. Surface hiily; soil clayey and 
covered witli heavy liudter. Coal and iron ore are found. 

MoKKiSANiA, p. V. and sta., ■Westchester county, X. T. : 
10 m. N. of the City Hull, in New York, by tlie Harlem 
R. R., 136 ra. S. Albany. It is in the S. part of West Farras 
t, on tuc E. side of me Harlem r., is laid out wiU» the reg- 
ularity of a city, and being r.ipidly built up Into a Buburb 
of the great metropr»ll8. Pop. about 3,000. 

Morris' Cuurcu, p. o., Cauipbell county, Virg. : 92 m. 
■W. by 8. Kichmoud. 
C12 



Morris' Cross Roajjs, p. o., Fayette co., Penn. : 148 ni 
W. by S. Harrisburg. 

MoRRiSDALK, p. o., Clearfield co., /Vim. ; about 8 m. TT. 
of Mushanon cr., 84 m, N. W. by AV. HarriabuFg. 

Morris' Hill, p. o., Alleghany co., Virff. : 146 m. W. by N. 
Richmond. 

Moriuson's Bldtt, p. o., Johnson co.. Ark.: on the 
right bank of the Arkansas, 83 ra. W. N. W. Little Rock. 

Morrison's Stone lIorsE, p. o., Monroe co., III. : about 
1 ra. W. of Kaskaskia r, 107 ra. S. by W. Spriugfleld. 

Morrison's Tan- Yard, p. o., Mecklenburg co., 2i. Car.: 
US m. W. S. W. Kaleigh. - 

MoitRis' Plains, sta.. Mcrris co., H Jer.: 84 m. W. of 
Trenton, on the Morris and Essex R. R, 

Morristown, p. v., Henry co., /U.: about 3 m. 8. of 
Green r., on a small creek, 116 m. N. N. W. Spriugfleld. 

Morristown, p. v., Shelby co., Ind. : about 1 m. E. of 
Blue r., 24 m. E. by S. Indianapolis. The Knightatown and 
Shelbyville R. R. passes through it, 13 m. N. of Shelbyvillo. 

Morristown, p. v., and cap. Morris co., A^ Jer. : 41 m. 
N. by E. Trenton. It lies on an elevated plain, on the S. 
side of Whippany r., and is regularly laid out, with a largo 
square in the centre. It contains a court-house and jail, 3 
academies, a bank, about 40 stores, and 3,000 inhabitants. 
Mamifaetures of varioua kinds are extensively carried on, 
p.irrieularly of paper, iron eastings, carriages, machinery, 
etc. The Morris and Essex R. R. p.asses through it 32 m. 
W. of New York. Three papers are published— the " Jer- 
seyman" (whig), and "Free Democratic Banner"' (dcm.), 
weekly, and the "New Jersey Freeman'' (abolitionist), 
monthly. The t. is called Morris, is well supplied with water- 
power by Passaic and Whippany rivers, and has an uuoven 
surface and fertile soil. Pop. of t. 4,992. 

Morristown, t and p. v., St. Lawrence co., A*". Y. : on 
the St. Lawrence, 164 ra. N. W. by N. •Albany. Surface 
slightly rolling, and soil fertile. Black lake lies on the S. E. 
The V. is on the St Lawrence, and a regular landing-placo 
for steamboats. Pop. of t. 2.274. 

MoitRiSTOWN, t. and p. v., Lainoillo co.. Term. : 23 m. N. 
Montpelier. Drained by Lamoille r. .ind its branches, which 
supply good mill privileges. Surface somewhat hilly; soil 
fertile, especially on the r. It is a fine farming t., exporting 
cattle, wool, and dairy products, to a large amount. The v. 
is on tlie r., and contains several stores and mills. Pop 
of 1 1.142. 

Morristown, p. v., Belmont co., Ohio: on M'Mahon'a cr 
of tlie OIiio.*99 nL E. by N. Columbus. It contains several 
stores and mills, and 455 inhabitants. 

MoiuusTowN. p. v., Grainger co., Te7in, : on a branch of 
Holston r.. 189 m. E. Nashville, 

MfmitisTOWN. p. o., Cass co., J\fo. : 131 m. W. Jefferson City. 

MoitnisviLLK, p. v., Hendrick's co., Ind.: on the Torre 
Hiiut4' and Richmond R. R., 25 m. W. by S. Indianapolis. 

Moi'.niRViLLE, p. v., an<l cap. Madison co., A1 Y.: on a 
branch of ihe Chenango r., 102 ra. W. by N. Albany. It 
contains a court-house, jail, clerk's office, academy, several 
storoB and mills, and about 800 inhabitants. Two weekly 
papers are published here — thfi " 'SI. County Journal" (whig), 
and the '' Madison Observer" (dem.) 

MoRBiaviLi.E, p. o.. Wake co., X. Car. 

MoRRisviLLK, p. b., Buoks CO., Penn.: on the right bant 
of Delaware r., 1*>9 m. E. Harrisburg. It is opposite Tren- 
ton, with which it is connected by a bridge 1,100 feet long, 
and has fine water privileges, whioh are improved by various 
extensive mannfaetoriea. It is 29 m. N. E. Philadelphia on 
tlio Philadelphia an<l Trenton R. R. 

MouaifiviLLE. p. v., Lamoille co., Verm. : on Lamoille r., 
21 miles N. Montpelier. Here is good water-power and 
several mills. 

Mop.RiaviLLK, p. f ., Faaquier co., Vtrg. : 66 m. N. by W. 
Richmond. 

Morrow county, Ohio. Situate N. centrally, and con- 
tains 897 sq. m. Drained by branches of Whetstone r^ 



MOR 



MOU 



Vernon r.. and Clenr for\z of Walhonclinc: r., tlio first a branch 
of the Scioto. liielast two of the Muskingum river. Surf:ice 
rolhng; soil fertile, and adapted equally to erass and grain. 
Corn and wheat aro the staples. Tobacco is cultivated. 
Sheep are raised in great numbers, and wool and pork are 
large exports: live-stock and beef are also exported. Man- 
ufactures are of considerable though minor interest, con- 
sisting prineipally of woolen goods, Icath'.T, liquors, and 
farming implements. Farms 1,552; maunf. 51; dwell. 
3.652. and pop.— wh. 20,270, fr. col. Hi— total 20.2S0. Cdpital: 
Mount Gilead. Public Works: Cleveland, Columbus, and 
Clneitmati Kailroad ; Springfield and Mount Yemon and 
Pittsburg It. R. 

Morrow, p. v., TVarren co., Ohio: on Litllo Miami river, 
n m. S. W. by "W. Columbus. The Little Miami K, U. 
passes it 41 ra. N. of Cincinnati. 

Morse Creek, p. o., M'Nairy co., Tenn. : on a branch of 
Big IlatohK- r., 116 m. W. S. W. XashviUe. 

M'lRRisviLLE. p. v., Schoharie eo., X. Y. : 42 m. "W. Albany. 

MoKSTON, p. o., Sullivaa co.,2i'.Y. : SG m, S. S. W. Alban;-. 

MoBTox, p. p., Tazewell county, /i?^..' 46 m. N. by E. 
Springfield. 

J^okton"s Stop.e, p. 0., Alamance co., 27^. Car. : 53 m. 
W. X. W. Kaleigh. 

MoRT0^■8\^LLE, p. 0., Woodford co., E"'/. : about 2 m. E. 
of Kentucky, 15 m. S. by E. Frankfiirt. 

MoRTONTiLLE,,p. V., Orange co., K Y.:S5 m. S. S. Vf. 
Albany. 

MoRToxTXLLE, p. V., Chester co., Ferni. : 59 m. E. S. E. 
Harrisburg. 

MoRVKN', p. 0., Anson co., 2T. Car.: about G m. TV. of 
Yadkin r.. S6 m. S. W. Ealeigb. 

MoRVEN, p. c, Clark county, Ala.: 103 m, W. S. "W. 
Montgomery. 

MoSALEM, p. o., Dubuque co., la.: about 2 m. TV. of 
the Mississippi, 63 m. N. E. Iowa City. 

Moscow, p. o., Marion, county, Ala. : 141 m. N. TV. 
Montgomery. 

Moscow, p. v., Kush co., Tml. .- on the TV. side of Flat 
Eock cr. 38 m. S. E. by E. Indianapolis. 

Moscow, p. v., Muscatine co., Ta. : on Cedar r., near the 
entrance of Sugar cr, 24 m. E. by S. Iowa City. It has a 
superior location for trade and manufactures, and contains 
flCToral stores and mills. 

Moscow, p. 0., Hickman county, Kif. : 249 m. TV. S. TV. 
Frankfort 

Moscow, t. and p. o., Hillsdale county, 3fich.: 8S m. S. 
Lansing. Drained by S. I^raneh of the Kalamazoo. Sur- 
face rolling; soil sandy loam, producing large crops of all 
the grains. A good building stone is quarried. Pop. 942. 

Moscow, p. v., Livingston co., X. Y. : on a small affluent 
of Genesee r., 214 m. TV. by N. Albany. It lies on high 
ground, 1 m, TV. of Genesee Flats, and contains several 
stores and 500 inhabitants. 

Moscow, p. v., Clermont co., Oliio: on the Ohio, 95 m. 
S. TV. by S. Columbus. It has a steamboat landing, a valu- 
able trade with the interior, and about 500 inhabitantfi. 

Moscow, P.O., Luzerne county, Penn.: S5 m. N. E. 
Harrisburg. 

Moscow, p. v., Fayette co., Tenn, : on TVolf cr. and the 
line of the Memphis and Charleston E. E., IGl in. TV. S. TV. 
Nashville. 

Moscow Mills, p. o., Morgan co., OJdo : 6C m. E. by S. 
Columbus. 

MosELEM, p. 0., Berks county, Penn. : 53 m. E. by N. 
Harrisburg. A charcoal furnace of 1,350 tons capacity is 
located here. 

MosKLEY Hall, p. o., Lenoir co., iK Car. : about 8 m. N. 
of Neuse r.. 5^ m. E. S. E. Raleigh. 

M(^ELEY Hall, p. o., Madison co., Flor. : 45 m. E. by S. 
Tallahassee. 

Moseley's Geove, p. 0., Dallas county, Ala. : 5G m. TV. 
Montgomi-ry. 

8S 



Moselle, p. o., Jo Daviess co., TU. : about 1 nL E. of the 
Mi.ssis9ippi, 176 m. N. by W. Springfield. 

Moselle Fxthnace, p. o., Frankliu co., Jfo. : 71 m. E. by 3. 
Jefi"erson City. 

MosELY Hall, p. o., Madison co., I'lor. : 43 m. E. by S. 
Tallahassee. 

Moselt's Store, p. o., Franklin co., Ga. ; 102 m. N. 
Milledgeville. 

Moss, p. 0., La Fayette co., Mo. : on Dan's Fork of Black 
river, 92 m. TV. by N. JeffL-rsou City. 

Moss Side, p. o., Alleghany co., Pcmi. : 109 m. TV. by ii. 
Harrisburg. 

Mossy Cberk, p. o., Augusta co., Ylrfj. : on a TV. affluent 
of the .Shenandoah so called, 104 m. N.TV. by W. llichmond. 
Mor^sY Creek, p. o,, Jetferson county, 'Run. : 179 m. E. 
Nashville, 

Mother Kill, hund., Kent co., Del. : extends aeross the 
State, with an area of S9--J20 acres. Drained W. by heads 
of Clioptauk r., and E. by Jones and'Molher Kill creeks. 
Surface even, with small elevations iu the TV. It has good 
timber and water-power. Pop. 4,973. 

MoTiER, p. o., Pendleton county, Ky. : 52 miles N. E. 
Frankfort. 
Motley, p. c, Allen co., A^- .' 124 m. S. TV. Franlifort. 
MoTT Haven, p. v^ and sta., TVestchester co., N. Y. : 126 
m. S. Albany. It is S m. N. of the City Hall in New York, 
on the Harlem R. R., and New York and New Haven E. E. 
Mott's Cor.xEE-s, p. v., Tompkins co., N. Y. : on Sbc Mile 
creek, 137 m. TV. by S. Albany. It contains several stores, 
mills, and manufactories, and 400 inhabitants. 

Mottville, t. and p. v., St. Joseph's Co., Jl/ch. : on the 
S. line of the State, S6 m. S, TV. Lansing. Drained by 
Pigron and St. Joseph's rivers, which flirnish water-power. 
Surface undulating; soil very fertile. The Michi^can South- 
em R. R. passes through the t. into Indiana. Tho v. is on 
the St. Joseph's, and contains several stores. Populatioa 
of L 610. 

Mr>TTVTLLE, p. T., Ouondaga CO., 2\\ Y, : on the outlet 
of Skaneatles lake. 141 m. TV. by N. Albany. It contains 
several stores, a foundry, machine shop, and 500 inhabit- 
anls. and lies 3 ra. S. of the Rochester and Syracuse E. E., 
with which a branch roa^l connects it 

MorLTON, p. v., and cap. Lawrence co.. Ahi.: near tho 
head of Big Nance cr. of the Tennessee, 1.51 m. N. N. TV. 
Montgomery. It contains a court-house, jail, academy, and 
about 4O0 inhabitants. The "M. Advertiser'' (neutral) is 
published weekly. 

MotTLToxBORO', t., p. v.. and cap. Carroll co., Nl ITmnp. : 
3S m. N. by E. Concord. Drained by Red HiU and Melvia 
rivers. Surface hilly. Red Hill and Ossipee mouutains, 
large elevations, are within it, and much of it is occupied by 
ponds. Squam lake lies ou the TV., and Winuipiseogee 
lake on the S., into which a long neck extends. Soil fer- 
tile. Iron ore, and mineral springs containing sulphur, are 
fiiund. Numerous Indian relics have been dug up on the 
shores and on the islands of the lake. The village contains a 
court-house, jail, and an aoademj'. Pop. of t. 1.74S. 

Mon,TnNVTLLE, p. V., Madison co., III. : 72 m. S. by TV, 
Springfield. 

Moultrie county. III. Situate E. centrally, and contains 
535 sq. m. Drained by Ka^kaskia r.. which flows through 
the S., and its branches. Surface undulating or level, largely 
open prairie, with good timber in the S., and scattered groves 
everywhere. Soil fertile, and excellent gniziug land. Com 
is the staple, and live-stock the principal export. On the 
Kaskaskia are good mill-sites. Farms 804; manuf. 11 j 
dwell. 554, and poj).— wli. 3.225, fr. col.9— total 3,2.34. Cap- 
Hal: Sullivan. Pithlic Works: Chicago Branch of Central 
Illinois R. E.; Terre Haute and Alton R. E., etc. 

Mon.TKiK. p. 0., Sparlauburg dist., S. Car. : 85 m. N.TV 
Columbia. 

Mon.TRiE, p. o. and !»ta., Colnmbinna co., Ohio: 3 m. 8. 
of Alliance, on the Cleveland and Pittsburg E. R. 

^ ai3 



MOU 



MOXt 



MoiTND Batou, p. 0., Tensas parish, La. : 98 in. N. Baton 
Kouge. 

Mound Citt, p. v., Crittenden co., Arl: : on Mississippi r., 
8 m. above Memphis, \2'^ m. E. N. K. Little lioclc. 

MoirausviLLK. p. v.. Marslmll eo., Mrg.: on the Ohio r., 
at the mouth of IJig (inive cr.. '2:J6 ni. N. \V. Eicliraond ; on 
the creek, just above tlie v., are many mounds, one 75 feet 
hiijh and 4fii rods in circuit, on wliich is an observatory. 
The V. contains an academy, a stram flourinsr-niill, and 
several stores. Elizal)ethtown, the co. seat, lies opposite, on 
the upper side of the cr., and the two contain about l,5(t0 
inhabitants. The "Marshall Brncon" (whig) is published 
•weekly. The IJaltimnrc and Ohio K. K. piisses through it, 
11 m. 9. of Wheeling. Pop. of M. 446. 

MooNDviLLE, p. y., Marquette co., Wise. : 47 in. N. by E. 
Madison. 

MoirNT Adams, Coos Co., K. Jfamp. : a peak of the "White 
Mountains, 5,96(1 feet high. 

Mount Adams, Ot-eg. Ter.: an eastern spur of the Coast 
Eange, !at. 46° 12', and long. 1'210 20'. 

Mountain Cove, p. v., F.iyette co., Virff. : on the E. side 
of Great Kanawha river, 196 m. W. by N. Ulcbmond. A 
colony of 8]iiritualists and spirit mediums have commenced 
a settlement here, and publish a periodical, called the 
"Mountain Cove Journal," to propagate their views. 

Mountain Creek, p. o., Catawba co., 2i. Car. : about 
8 m. W. of Catawba r., 124 m. W. Riileigh. 

MouNTATN Creek, p. o., Anderson dist, S. Car. : 103 m. 
N. W. by W. Columbia. 

Mountain Falls, p. o., Frederick CO., Yirg.: 117 m. 
N. N. W. Kiehmond. 

Mountain Grove, p. o., Bath co., Vlrg. : 87 m. W. by N. 
Eichmond. 

Mountain IIome, p. o., Lawrence county, Ala. : 153 ra. 
N. N. W. Montgomery. 

Mountain Uome, p. o., M'Dowell Co., JV! Car. : 194 m.W. 
Ealeigh. 

Mountain Shoatj, p. o., Spartanburg dist., S. Car.: on 
the N. side of Ennoree r., 66 m. N. W. Columbia. 

Mountain Spring, p. o., Martin co,, Iiid. : 76 m. S. S. W. 
Indian a pnl is. 

Mountain Stand, p. c, Marshall co., Ala.: 119 m. N. 
Montgomery. 

Mountain Top, p. o., Augusta co., Tlrg. : 85 m. W. N, W. 
Eichmond. 

Mountain View, p. o., Abbeville dist.,^?. Car. : 88 m.W. 
Columbia. 

Mount Airy, p. v. and sta., Carroll county, Md. : on the 
Baltimore and Ohio E. K., 44 m. W. of Baltimore, 43 m. 
N. W. Annapolis. 

Mount Airy, p. o., Eandolph co,, Mo.: G4 m. N. N. W. 
Jefferson City. 

Mount Airt, p. c, Hamilton county, Ohio: 88 m. S. W, 
Columbus. 

Mount Airt, p. o., Berks co., Penn. : 53 m. E. by N. 
Harrisburg. 

Mount Airy, p. o., Surry co., 2^. Car. : 116 m. W. N. W. 
Ealeigh. The "Siamese Twins," of exhibitionary nolo 
liety, are settled here, and cultivate a large plantation. 

Mount Airy, p. o.,'Bledsoe co., Tenn.: about 2 m. W. 
of Sequatehy r., SS m. E. S. E. Nashville. 

Mount Airy, p. o., Pittsylvania co., Virg, : on a branch 
of Dan r., 98 m. W. S. W. Richmond. 

Mount Alban. sta., Warren county. Miss. : 6 m. E. of 
Ticksburg, on the Vicksburg, Jackson, and Brandon Rail- 
road. 

Mount Andrew, p. o., Barbour co., Ala. : 57 m. E. S. E. 
Montgomery. 

Mount Auburn, p. o., Christian co.. III. : 19 m. E. by S. 
Springfield. 

Mount Auburn, p. ▼., Shelby co., 7;i^. ; about 2 m. E. 
of the Knightstown and Shelbyville E. E., 29 m. S. 3. E. 
Indianapolis. 
614 



Mount Baker, Oreg. Ter. : a peak of the Cascade Range, 
10,340 feet high, in lat. 4S° 45', and long. 1310 30'. 

Mount Bebnandino, San Diego co., Calif.: an elevated 
peak of the Coast Range, in lat. 34°. and long. 1170. 

Mount Bethel, p. o. Northampton co.., Penn.: 118 m. 
E. N. E. Harrisburg. 

Mount Bethel, p. 0., Newberry dist., S. Car. : about 3 m. 
S. of Ennoree r, 36 in. N. W. Colunibi.a. 

Mount Blascuakd, p. v., Ilancock county, Ohio: on 
Blanchard's Fork of Maumee r., 81 m. N. W. Coluntbus. 

Mount Calvary, p. o., Davis co., la. : 78 m. S. W. by S. 
Iowa City. 

Mount Cambria, p. o., Niagara co., A^ i'. : 257 m. W. 
Albany. 

MnuNT Carbon, p. o., ITampshirc county, Virg. : 147 m. 
N. W. by N. Richmond. 

Mount Carbon, sta., Schuylkill co., Penn.: 34 ro. N. of 
Reading, on the Philadelphia and Reading R. R. The vi- 
cinity is noted for its anthracite mines. 

Mount Carmel, p. o., Ilenry co., Ga. : 64 ra. W. N. W. 
Milled geville. 

Mount Carmel, p. v., and cap. Wabash co., HI.: on the 
right bank of Wabash r., below the rapids, and opposite the 
mouth ot White r., 142 m. S. E. Springfield. It has a favor- 
able site for trade and manufactures, and contains a courtp 
liouse and jail, about 30 stores and warehouses, several 
fliHiring-mills and machine shops, and 935 inhnbi'an'8. 

Mount Carmel, p. o., Franklin co., /"('. ; about 2 m. E. 
of Red Cedar Grove cr., 68 ra. E. S. E. Indianapolis. 

Mount Carmel, p. o., Fleming co., Ky, : 11 m. E. N. E. 
Frankfort. 

Mount Carmel, p. o., Covington co., Miis. : 48 m. S. S. E. 
Jackson. 

Mount Carmel, p. 0., Cooper co., Mo. : 43 m. W. by N. 
JelTe-rson City. 

MtH'NT Carmel, p. 0., Clermont co., Oldo : 86 m. S. W. 
Columbus. 

Mount Carmel, p. 0., Halifax CO., Tirg : 83 m. S.W. by W. 
Richmond. 

Mount Carmel, p. o., Northumberland co., Penn. : SS m. 
N. by E. Harrisburg. 

Mount Carmel, p. o. and sta., New Haven co., Conn.: 
8 m. N. of New -Haven, on the N. H. and Northampton 
Railroad. 

Mount Carroll, p. v., and cip. Carroll co.. III.: on a 
branch of Plum r., 10 m. E. of the Mississippi, and 162 m. 
N. by W. Springfiehl. It contains a courtrhouse, jail, sev- 
eral stores, and 4G2 inhabitants. 

Mount Chestnut, p. 0., Butler county, Penn.: 173 m. 
W. N.W. Harrisburg. 

Mount Clare, sta.. Baltimore co., Md. : on the Baltimore 
and Ohio R. R.. 2 m. from Baltimore. 

Mount Clemens, p. v.. and cap. Macomb co., Mich.: on 
the N. bank of Clinton r., 4 ra. from its enlmnee into Lake 
St, Clair. S5 m. E. by S. Lansing. It is favorably located for 
ship-building, having abundance of timber in its vicinity- 
is at the hiad of navigation, and communicatee by steam- 
boat w ilh i)(>rts N. anrl S. of it Gl.'U'ss is manufactured from 
a superior sand abundant here. It cont^iins a court-house 
and jail, a bank, an academy, several mills, and a dozen 
stores. Two papers, the "Macomb Gazette" (dem.). and 
the " Macomb County Herald" (whig"), are published weekly. 

Mount Clifton, p. o., Shenandoah co., Virg. : 112 m. 
N. W. Richmond. 

JIouNT Clinton, p. o., Rockingham co., Yirg. .• 85 ol 
N. W. Richmond. 

Mount Clio, p. o.. Sumter disL, S. Car. : about 3 m. E. 
of Black r., 44 m. E. Columbia. 

Mount Comfort, p. 0., Hancock county, hid. : 24 m. 
E. by N. Indianapolis. 

Mount Comfort, p. o., Fayette county, Tenn. : 153 m. 
W. S. W. Nashville. 

Mount Crawford, p. o., Eockingham co., Ttrg, : on a 



MOTJ 



MOU 



W- branch of Shenandoali river, 9S m- N. W. by W. 
Richmond. 

MoLTsT Ckogean, p. o., ChestcTflcid diet., S. Car. : 69 m. 
N. E. Columbia, 

Mount Dkfianck, Esiex co., JK K ; on the W. shore of 
Lake Cham{»Iuin, has an elevatioa of 750 fed above tide- 
water. 

MoLNf Besert, t and p. o., Hancoct CO., 3fs.: in the 
N. W. part of the island of that name, 72 ni. E. Auirnsl:u 
The soil is productive, but the chief business is the coasting 
trade — for this, ite sintjular p^jsition and excellent Jiarbors 
are peculiarly adapted. The fi^^herics are also very lucra- 
tive, and ship-building is carried on. Pop. 777. 

Mou>'T Db-shrt island. J/e. ; lies off the S. shore of the 
State, on the W. side of Frenchman's Bay, and forms a part 
of Hancock County. Its greatest length and breadth are 12 
ami 15 m.. but the coast has many indentations, forming ex- 
cellent harbors, which i^ive it areat facilities fi>r the coasting 
trade and fisheries. It contjiius three towns, Eden, Mount 
Desert, and Trcraont and 3,8J9 inhabitants. 

MofXT Eatox, p. v., Wayne county, Ohio: 81 m. N. E. 
Columbus. 

Mount Eden, p. a, Spencer co.. Ay. ; 2-3 ra. W. by S. 
Frankfort. 

Mount Elba, p. o., Bradley co., Ark^ : on Saline r., 60 m. 
S. by E. Little Kock. 

MorxT Elos, p. a, Darlington dist, & Car. : about 6 m. 
E. of Lynch^ cr., 53 m. E. N. E. Columbia. 

Mount Eminence, p. o., Orange co., Vtr-g. : 56 m» N. N.W. 
Eichmond. 

Mount Emmons, Hamilton co., y. Y.: is an isolated peat, 
elevated about 3.500 feet above tide-watj-r. 

Mount Enteeprlse, p. o.. Rusk ex, Ter.: about 3 m. E. 
of Big Shawnee cT. of the Angelina, 216 m. N. E. by E. 
Austin City. 

MouNr EoLiA, p. a, Union po,. Go. : 143 m. N. N. W. 
Milled^c-vHIe. 

Mount Epheaim. p. v., Guernsey co., Ohio: 6S m. E. 
Columbos. It contains several stores and 121 inhabitants. 

Mount Etxa, p. v., iluntingion co.. Ind.: on the S. side 
of Wabash r.. 7S m. N. N. E. Indianapoiis. 

Mount Evebett, Berkshire oo., Mass. : one of the highest 
peaks of the Tai^hkannic range, lies in Mount Washin^on 
t in the S.W. comer of the State, and rises to the height of 
2,634 feet. The summit is scantily covered with scrub-pine 
and bushes, but commands the grandest scenery in the 
State, overlooking mountains on all sides, and afTording 
glimpses of rare beauties between and beyon«l niem. Xear 
it is the Basbapish Fall, which descends 150 feel in twopir- 
pendicular leaps, and has worn out a dome-like cavity, 
called the '' Gorge," 194 feet deep. The wildness of the 
surrounding region and the grandeur of their localities, at- 
tract many tourists hither in the summer. 

MoT'ST Feeedou, p. o., Jessamine co., Ky. : 29 m. S. E. 
Frankfort 

>rouNT Freedom, p. o., Pendleton county, Tirg. : 123 m. 
K. W. by W. Richmond. 

Mount GALtAcnEE, p. o.. Laurens dist, S. Car,: about 
3 m. E. of Saluda r., 71 m. "W. N. W. Columbia. 

Mount Gilead, p. o., Franklin cr».. Art. : on the S. side 
of Arkans.-!? r, 93 ra. TV. K. W. Little Rock. 

Mount Gilead, p. o., Mason co., iTy. ; 68 m. E. N. E. 
Frankfort 

MouNTGn.EAD, p. T., and cap. Morrow co., Ohio: on the 
E. branch of Whetstone r., 40 m. N. by E. Columbus, It is 
about Z m. E. of the Cincinnati, Cleveland, and C<»!umbus 
E. R., and in the vicinity are numerous mills and factories. 
It contains a court-house, jail, academy, a dozen stores, and 
500 inhabitants. Pop. of Gilead t. 1.6S0. 

MorNT Gn.EAD, p. n., Montgomery co., X. Car.: about 
3 m. N. of Tadkin r., 77 m. W.^S. W. Raleigh. 

MousT Gilead, p. v., Loudon co., Virg. : on KiUoctan 
MonntaiD, 106 m. N. Eichmond. It is regularly l^d out on 



a commanding elevation, and contains several stores and 
150 inhabitanta, ' 

Mount Hawkins, p. o., Peny co., HI, : 122 m. S. by E. 
Springfield. 

Mot NT IIawlet, p. o.. Peoria co., lU. : about 8 m. W. <rf 
PL'<*ia lake, 72 m. N. Springfieid. 

Mount llEALTcrY. p. v., Hamilton county, Ofuio: 93 m. 
S. W. by W. Columbus. 

Mount llEALTiiy, p. v.. Bartholomew county, Jjid.: oa 
White cr.. 4S m. S. by E. Indianapolis. 

Mount Hebson, p. o., Greene co., Ai<i.: 107 m.W.N.W. 
Montgomery. 

Mount Hheon. p. o., Darke county, Ohio: 86 m. W. 
Columbus. 

Mount HiCKoaY, p. o., Cliattooga co.. Go. : 162 m. X. W. 
Milledgevi!le. 

Mount nicKORY, p. o., Chambers county, Ala. .• on an K. 
branch of Tallapoosa r., 66 m. N. E. by E. Montg«>mery. 

Mount Hill, p. o., Morgan co., Ala.: 134 m. N. by W. 
Montgomery. 

Mount Hill, p. o., Abbeville district, S. Car.: 73 m* 
W. N. W. Columbia. 

Mount Hilliako, p. c, Pike county. Aid.: 42 m. S. E. 
Montgomery. 

Mount Hollt, p. o., Union co., Ark, : lOS m. S. S. W. 
Little Rock. 

Mount Hollt, p. v., Randolph co., /n<7, .• about S m. S. 
of Mississinewa river, and 2 m. W. of &e Ohio line, 73 m. 
E. N. E. In'lianapolis. 

Mount Holly, p. v., and cap. Burlington co., A'l Jer. : 
on the N. branch of Ranoociis cr., 16 m. S. Trenton. It lies 
al the head of navigation, and contains a couri-honse and 
jail, an academy, a bank, several mills for making paper, 
woolens, etc., and about 1,500 inhabitants. Two weekly 
papers, the " New Jersey Mirror" (whig) and " Mount Holly 
Ht-rald" (dem.). are published. A branch railroad, 6 m. 
long, connects it with the Camden and Amboy E. R. at 
Burlington. 

Mount Hollt, p. o., Warren county, Ohio: 7l m. S. W. 
Columbus. 

Mount Holly, t and p. o.. Rutland co.. Ffrm. : 51 m. 
S. by W. Montpelier, Drained by Black r. of the Connecti- 
out, and Mill r., a branch of Otter cr. Surface elevated, in 
parts mountainous; soil adapted to grazing, which is the 
leading interest, and furnishes for export large amounts of 
wool, beef, butter, and cheese. The Rutland and Burlington 
R. R. cross..-s the N. E. part Mount Holly sta., in the N. E., 
is 15 m. S. E. of Rutland. Pop. 1,534. 

Mount Holtoke, p. o., Henry co., Tenn. : 95 m. W. by N. 
Xash^ille. 

Mount Hood, Or^. Ter. ; a peak of the Coast Range, on 
the S. side of Columbia r., elevated about 12,000 feet abo7e 
the ocean. 

Mount Hope, p. o., Tyler county, Tear. : 209 ra. E. by N. 
Austin City. 

Mount Hope. p. o., LawTence co., Ala. : near the head 
of Town cr. of the Tennessee, 152 m. N. N. W. Montgomery. 
Mount Hope. p. o., De Kaib co., Irid.: 12" m. N. N. E. 
Indianapolis. 

Mount Hope, p. o., Delaware co., la. : 5i m. N. Iowa 
City. 

MorNT Hope, p. o., La F.iyette co., 3fo. : about 4 m. 8 
of the Missouri. S7 m. W. N. W. Jefferson aty. 

Mount Hope, t and p. v., Orange county, M Y. ; 92 m. 
S. S. W. Albany. Drained by Shawangunfc cr. Surface 
hilly and broken ; soil gravelly loam, and adapted to graz- 
in*'; it is well timbered and supplied with water-power. 
Tannin'' and various manufactures are extensively prose- 
cuted. The village contains an academy and about 400 
inhabitants. The Erie R. R. passes through the t Pop. of 
the t 1.512. 

Mount Hope, p. o., M'Lean co., lU.: 44 m. N. E. by N. 
Springfield. 



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Mount Hope, p. o., Holmes co., Ohio : 74 m. N. E. by E. 
* Columbus. 

Mount Hope, p. o., Lancaster co., Penn. : 37 m. E. by S. 
Harriabiirg. Here is a charcoal furnace of 1,450 Ions 
capacity. 

Mount Hope bay, R. J. : sets up from the N. E. comer 
of Narraganselt bay, between Bristol and Tiverton, and 
reecivfs the waters of Taunton river. 

Mount Hoiibb, p. o., Kelson co., Virg. : at the E. base of 
the Blue Kidge, S4 m. W. by N. i;iehinimd. 

Mount Ida, p. v., and cap. Moniironicry co., ArJc. : on 
Brushy fjrk of Washita r., 74 m. W. by S. Little liock. It 
contains a court-house and a few stores and dwellings. 

Mount .Ida, p. o., Montgomery co., £^1/. : 57 m. K. S. E. 
Frankfort. 

MuuNT Isabel, p. o., De Soto county, Jlt^s. : 171 m. N. 
Jackson. 

Mount Israel, p. o., Albemarle co,, Virg. : near the line 
of the Virginia Central K. it., at the base of the Blue KiJge, 
78 m. W. N. W. Eichraond. 

Mount Jackson, p. v., I^awrence co., Penn, : on Hickory 
cr., 194 m. W. by N. Harrisburg. It is about 3 m. W. of 
Mahoning river, and tbe Beavtr and Erie Canal, and has 
goud water-power on the cr. above and below it, where are 
several mills and factories. It has a valuable trade, and 
contains a numb«- of large stores. 

Mount Jackson, p. o., Shenandoah co., Yirg. : on the N. 
fork of Shcnamloah r, 104 m. N. W. Kiciimond. 

Mount Jkfferson, p. o.. Chambers county, Ala. : 59 m. 
E. N. E. Montgomery. 

Mount Jeffeeson, Oreg. Ter. : a peak of the Cascade 
Eange, in lat 4AP 40', and iJng. 1210 32'. 

Mount Jefferson, Coos co., iV. J/iunp. : a N. peak of the 
"White Mountains, in the S. part of Randolph, 5,&60 feet 
above the ocean level. 

Mount Jefferson, p. o., Carroll co^ Iwi. : 57 m. N. by W. 
Indianapolis. 

Mount Jot, t. and" p. 0., Lancaster co., Penn. : 17 m. 
E. S. E. Harrisburg. Drained by Little Chiques aud Cone- 
wago creeks, which supply good mill-seals. Surface rolling ; 
soil gravelly loam of excelk-nt quality, and well tilled. It 
has several flouriag-mills and other manufactures, and is 
fine grazing land. The Harrisburg and Lancaster il. li. 
crosses it, and Mount Joy station is 13 m. "W. of Lancaster. 
Population of t 2,C2G. 

Mount Kingston, p. 0., Montgomery ,co., Ut. ; about 4 m. 
W. of Shoal cr., 49 m. S. Springfield. 

Mount Kibko, p. o., ■Westchester CO., J^, Y^: 91 m. 8. 
Albany. 

Mount Lafayette, Grafton co., A^ JTamp. : lies on E. 
line of Bethlehem aud Franconia, and rises 4,723 feet above 
the ocean level. 

Mount Langiim, p. o., Iroquois co., III. : about 8 m. S. E. 
of the junction of Kankakee and Iroquois rivers, 133 m. N. E. 
Springfield. 

Mount Laueel, p. o., Halifax co., Vlrg. : about 2 m. "VN'. 
of Eoanoke r., 82 ni. W. S. "W. Eiehmond. 

MoiTN'T Laurel, p. v., Burlington county, A^ Jer. : 20 m. 
S. b. W. Trenton. 

Mount Lebanon, p. 0., Claiborne par.. La. : about 5 m. 
E. of Bayou Dorcheat, 1S7 m. N. W. by N. Baton Rouge. 

Mount Lebanon, p. 0., Spartanburg dist., S. Car. ; 87 m. 
N. W. byN. Columbia. 

Mount Level, p. o., Dinwiddie county, Virg. : near the 
South Side E. E., 23 m. S. S. W. Eiehmond. 

Mount LtpEETY, p. 0,, Marion co., III. : 95 m. S. S. E. 
Springfield. 

ilouNT LiBBBTY, p. T., Kjjox CO., Oh io ." 31 m. N. E. by N. 
Columbus. 

Mount Lincoln, Hampshire co., Muss. : lies in the N. 
part of Pelham, and ia 1,24S ftet above the ocean level. 

Mount Madison, Coos co.. A". I/u/np. : a peak of the 
"White Mountains, 5,620 feet high above the ocean level. 
516 



MOU 

Mount Marot, Essex co., A^. Y. : lies in the S. part of 
Keene, and is the highest of the Adirondack group, being 
5,467 feet above the ocean level. In the same t. are other 
peaks almost as high. 

Mount M'Intibe, Essex county, A'; Y. : a peak of the 
Adirondack group in Keene, has an elevation of 5,1S3 feet 
above the ocean. 

Mount M'Laughlin, Oreg. Ter. : a peak of the Cascade 
Eange, in lat 43° 36', long. 121° 50'. 

Mount M'Maetin, Essex county, A; Y.: a peak of the 
AduromJack group In Keene, is about 5,000 feet above tide- 
water. 

Mount Meigs, p. o., Montgomery co., Akt. : about 4 m. 3. 
of Tallapoosa r., 13 m. E. Montgomery. 

Mount Meridian, p. v., i*ulnam co., Ind. : on Deep cr., 
34 m.W. by S. Indianapolis. A plank-road connects it with 
the New Albany and Salem E. It. 

Mount Meridian, p. o., Augusta co,, Virg. : on the base 
of the Blue Eidge, S4 m. W. N. W. Eiehmond. 

Mount Metawampe, Hampshire co., JIass. : lies on the 
E. side of Connecticut r., opposite Sugar-loaf Mountain, 
and between Sunderland and Leverett, It is about 1,100 
feet high, and wooded to the summit, which commands a 
more extensive but less beautiful view than Holyoko. At ita 
base are ''Sunderland Cave," and the "Eoarmg Brook." 

Mount Monroe, Coos co.. A^ Hump. : a peak of the 
White Mountains, 5,510 feet above tide-water. 

Mount Moriah,p. o., Hempstead co., Arl'. : on a S. afflu- 
ent of Little Missouri r., 95 m. S. W. Little Eock. 

Mount MoKiAn, p. o., Mecklenburg co., A'. Car. : 117 m. 
W. by S. Ealeigh. 

Mount MoiiLin, p. o., Brown county, Ind. ; 43 m. 9. 
Indianapolis. 

Mount Mobne, p. o., Pike county, Ga. : 74 mUea "W. 
Milledgeville. 

Mount Morris, Essex county, K. Y,: ^ peak of the 
Adirondack group, 4,576 feet above the ocean level. 

Mount Morris, p.- v., Ogle co., JU. : on Pino cr. of Eoct 
river, 159 m. N. Springfield. It contains a flourishing sem- 
inary, several manufactories of farming and mechanical im- 
plements, and 600 inhabitants. The " M. M. Gazette" (whig) 
is published weekly. 

Mount Morris, t. and p. v., Livingston co., N.Y.; 21S m. 
"W. Albany. Drained by Genesee r. and its branch, Casha- 
qua cr., which supply abundant water-power. Surface va- 
ried : portions are high table land ; soil clayey loam, and 
very productive of wheat. It is a superior farming t,, with 
extensive and valuable manufactories of flour, woulen goods, 
leather, iron castings, etc. The village, half a mile E. of the 
Genesee, has excellent water-power obtained from the r. by 
a dam and raceway, and a favorable location for trade, lying 
on the Genesee Valley Canal, 37 m. S. of Eochester. It con- 
tains an academy, several flouring and other mills, a fur- 
nace, 30 stores, and 1,500 inhabitants. Population of 
t. 4,531. 

Mount Morris, p. v., Greene co., Penn. : on Dunkard'9 
cr. of the Monongahela, 16S m. "W. by S. Harrisburg. It 
lies on the Virginia line, and cont^uus several mills. 

Mount Mout.ne, p. o., Iredell county, JT. Car. : 115 m, 
"W. by S. Ealeigh. 

Mount Nero, p. o,, Lancaster co., Penn. : 46 m. E. by S. 
Harrisburg. 

Mount Nebo, p. o., Yadkin co., A'l Car. ; 129 m.W. N.W. 
Ealeigh. 

Mount Niles, p. o., St. Clair co., Ala^ ; on Canoe cr. of 
Coosa r., 95 m. N. Montgomery. 

Mount Norwottuck, Hampshire co., Jfass. : on E. 
peak of the Holyoke range, 4 m. from the Connecticut, 
separating Amherst and Granby ; is, next to Mount Holy- 
oke. th^' highest of the chain, having an elevation of SOO 
fcfl. anil commands a line view N. and S. 

Mount Ouve, p. 0., Coosa county, Ala. : 39 m. N. by E. 
Moutgomerj-. 



MOU 



MOU 



Mor>T Olite, p. o., Macoupin co., lU. : 46 m. S. S. "W. 
Springfield. 

MuTNT Olivt;, p. o., Elkhart co., Ind.: 1*23 ni. N. by E. 
Indianapolis. 

Mount Olitb, p. 0., Clermont co., Ohm: 79 m. S. "W. 
Columbus. 

MoLTNT Olive, p. o., St Mary's county, Md.: 46 m. S. 
Annapniia. 

MorNT Olite. p. o., Izard co., ArJc, : on the loft bonk of 
White r., S3 m. N. by E. Little Rnclc. 

Mount Olivet, p. o., Bracken co., A'y. : 03 m. N. E. 
FranUfurf. 

Mdi'NT Palatine, p. o., Putnam co., III. : 93 m. N. by E. 
Bprin^tirld. 

Mount pARTnESON. p. c, Newton county, Arl::,: 9T m. 
N. W. by N. Little Kock. 

Mount Pelia, p. o., Weakley county, Tenn.: 117 m. 
W. by N. Nashville. 

Mount Pekkv, p. o., Perry county, Ohio : 40 m. E. S. E. 
Columbus. 

Mount Petrea, p. c, De Witt co., Ttx. : S2 m. S. by E. 
Austin City. 

Mount Pinson, p. o., Jefferson co., Aki. : SS m. N. by W. 
Montgomery. 

M(.uNT PiNSON, p. 0., Jnokson co., Ark. : S5 m. N. E. by N. 
Liltle Eock. 

Mount Pinson, p. o., Madison co., Temi. : 124 m. W. by S. 
Na-^hville. 

Mount PrsoAn, p. o., Alexander county, N. Car. : 129 m. 
W. by N. lialeigU. 

Mount Pisuah, p. o.. La Grange co., Itvl. : 132 nuN. N. E. 
Indianapolis. 

Mount Plsgah, p. o., Clermont co., Ohio: S6 ra. S. W. 
Columbus. 

Mount Pitt, Oregon Ter.: a peak of the Cascade or 
Coast Range, on the W. side of Klamath lake, in laL 42° 23', 
long. 122° 17'. 

Mount Pleasant, t. and p. o., Greene co., n7.S('. ; 24 m. 
8. by W. Madison. Drained by a W. branch of Sugar r., 
on which are good mill-seats. Surface mostly even, and 
soil productive of com and grass. Lead is found. Pop. D7l), 

Mount Pleasant, p. o., Monroe co.. Ala.: about 4 m. 
E. of Alabama r., 104 m. S. W. Montgomery. 

Mount Pleasant, p. o., Carroll co., Ark. : 103 m. N. N. W. 
Litllo Kock. 

Mount Pleasaut, p. o., Union co.. III.: 167 m. S- by E. 
SpringJ1..1d. 

M"unt Pleasant, p. v., Martin co., Ind. : on the W. side 
of the E. nwk of White r., S4 m. S. S. W. Indianapolis. It 
was the former cap. of the co., and conliiins several stores, 
and 350 inhabitants. 

Mount Pleasant, p. v., and cap. Henry co., la.: about 
2 m. K. of liig er., CI m. S. Iowa City. It lies on elevated 
ground, and contains a court-house and jail, an academy, 
ami numerous stores. A heavy business is done here in 
the products of a large and fertile district. Two papers, the 
'■ Iowa Observer" (whig), and the " True Democrat," are 
published weekly. Pop. 75S. 

Mount Pleaj?ant, p. v., and cap. Titus co., Tex. : about 
midway between White Oak and Big Cypress bayous, 272 m. 
N. E. Austin City. It is a thriving settlement, containing 
county buildings and several stores. 

Mount Pleasant, p. o,, Frederick co., Md. : 53 m. N. W. 
Annapolis. 

Mount Pleabant, p. v., Oakland county, Mlc?i. : 44 m. 
E. by X. Lansing. 

Mount Pleasant, p. o., Talbot co., Ga.: 86 ni. W. by S. 
Mill edge V ill e. 

Mount Pleasant, p. o., Lawrence co., Jfo. : on the W. 
ba.se of the Ozark Mountains, 149 m. S. W. Jefferson City. 

Mount Pleasant, p. v., Hunlerdon co., N". Jer.: S m. E. 
of Delaware r., 2S ra. N. W. by N. Trenton. 

Mount Pleasaj^t, p. o., Saratoga co., j.V. Y. 



I Mount Pleasant, t. and p. v., Jefferson co., Ohio : 115 m. 
E. by N. Columbus. Drained by Short cr., which supjiliest 
fine water-power. Surface uneven; soil fertile. A gnod 
grazing t., which manufaoiures fluur, leather, woolens, ni^ri- 
cultural itiiplements, etc., to a large amount. The v. con- 
tains a bank, an academy, a dozen stores, and SOU inhabiuints. 
Pop. of t. 1,S4S. 

Moi'NT Pleasant, p. o., Cabarras co.. X. Car, : on Dutch 
BuflTalcj cr. of lioeky r., 93 m. W. hy S. Raleigh. 

Mount Pleasant, t. and p. v., Westmoreland co., Perin. 
189 m. W. by S. Ilarrishurg. Drained by Jacob's cr. Sur- 
face moderately uneven; soil a feriiie gravelly loam. A 
superior farmmg and grazing t. The v. contains a tlouriug 
mill, tannery, several stores, and 7uU inhabitanls. 
, Mount Pleasant, p. o., Maury co., Ttinu: about 2 m. 
E. Duck r., 45 m. S. S. W. Nashville. 

Mount Pleasant, p. o., Spotlsj Ivania co., ^^rg.: 41 m. 
N. N. W. Richmond. 

Mount Pleas.vnt, t. and p. o., Racine co.. Wise: about 
6 m. W. of Lake Michigan. S3 m. E. S. E. Madison. Sur- 
face rolling; soil prairie, of great fertility. Grain and dairy 
products are the staples. Pop. 1,0*5. 

Mount Ple^vsant p. o., Caldwell par.. La. : 134 m. 
N. N. W. Baton Rouge. 

Mount Pleasant Mills, p. o., Union co, Peiin.: on a 
branch of W. Mahantango cr., 83 m. N. by W. llarrisburg. 

Mount Polk, p. o., Benton co., Ala. : on an E. branch of 
Coosa r., 99 m. N. by E. Montgomery, 

Mount Prospect, p. v., Crawford county, Ind.: 90 m. 
S. by W. Indianapolis. 

Mount Peospect, p. o., Whitesides co,, III.: 142 m. 
N. by W. Sijringlield. 

Mount Puospect, p. o., Obion county, Toin.: 127 m. 
W. by N. Nashville. 

Mount Pulaski, p. o., Sangamon co., HI. : 23 m. E. by N. 
Springfield. 

Mount Raixtee, Oreg. Ter. : a peak of the Cascade 
Range. IU.231 feet high, in lat. 40^ 47', long. 121o 33'. 

Mount Rook, p. o., Cumberland county, Penn. : 17 m. 
W. S. W. llarrisburg. 

Mount Rose. p. v., Mercer co., K. Jer.: 10 m. N. by E. 
Trenton. 

Mount St. Helens, Ort'g. Ter. : a jjcak of the Cascade 
Range, 12,000 feet high, on the N. side of Columbia r., in 
lat. 460 13'. 

Mount St. Joseph's, Sliasie co.. Calif. : a peak of the 
Sierra Nevada, near Ibe E. line of the State, in lat. 41° oC. 

Mount Salem, p. o., Kanawha couuty, Virg. : 21S m. 
W. N. W. Richmond. 

Mount Salem, p. o., Sussex county, y. Jer. : 57 m. N. 
Trenton. 

Mount Savage, p. v., Alleghany co., MI. : on Jennings 
Run, 133 m. W. N. W. Annapolis. The Mount Savage 
Iron Works are located here, and a branch of the Baltimore 
and Ohio R. K., 10 m. long, diverges from Cumberland to 
this place. It is one of the best mintug regions of the 
Union. 

Mount Savage, p. o., Carter county, Ay..- 107 m. E. 
Frankfort. 

Mount Seeene, p. o., Barbour co., Ala.: GO m. E. S. G. 
Mnntgomcry. 

Mount Seward, Franklin co., X. Y.: a branch of the 
Adirondack group, with an clevaiiou of 4,000 feet above 
the ocean. 

Mount Shaste, Shast6 co., Calif. : a peak of the Coast 
Range, 14,390 feet high, in lat. 41^ 34', long. 12P 43'. 

Mount Sidney, p. v.. Auguslaco., Virg. : 9S m. W. ^. W. 
Kichmond. It is about 4 m, N. of Mi<ldle r., and contains 
an academy, several stores, and 300 inhabitants, 

MuUNT Sinai, p. o.. Suffolk co.. X. Y. : on the N. shore 
of Long Island, 124 m. S. S. E. Albany. 

Mount Solon, p. o., Augusta co., Mrg. : 112 m. W. N. W. 
Richmond. 



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MOU 



Mount Stkelisg, p. o., Choctaw co., Ala. : on a 'V?'. branch 
• of Tombigbee r., 12T ra. W. S. W. Montgomery. 

Mo^I^T Sterling, p. o., Crawford co., Wise. : on Copper 
creek, about S ,m. E. of the Mississippi, S3 m. W. by N. 
MadisoD. 

Mount Stkrung, p. v., and cap. Brown cOw, III. : 59 m. 
W. by N. Springfield. It contains a court-house and jail, an 
academy, several stores, and 500 iiihabitunts. 

M(^NT Stekling, p. v., Switzerland co., Ind. : about 1 m. 
E. of Indian cr., and 4 m. N. of the Ohio, S7 m. S. E. 
IndiiinapitHs. 

Mount Steeung, p. t., and cap. Montgomery co., Ey^: 
52 m. E. by S. Frankfort. It lias a large trade in live-stock 
and hemp, and the products of a rich grain region, and 
contains a court-house, and jail, an academy, a dozen 
stores, and 700 inhabitants. The " Kentucky Whig" is pub- 
lished weekly. 

Mount Sterling, p. o., Gasconade co., Mo.: on the E. 
side of Gasconade r., 82 m. E. by S. Jefferson City. 

Mount Sterling, p. v., Madison co., Ohio: on Dfeer cr., 
21 m. S. S. "W. Columbus. Pop. 117. 

Mount Sumner, p. o., Jo Daviess co., 211. : 1S9 m. N. 
Springfield. 

Mount Surprise, p. o., Lu2eme co., Pe7\n, : 67 m. N. E. 
Harrisburg. 

Mount Sylvan, p. o., Lafayette county, Mm. : 13S m. 
N. by E. Jackson. 

Mount Stlvania, p. o., "Washington co., Oreg. Ter, : 
about 53 m. N. by E. Salem. 

Mount Tauor, p. v., Monroe co., Ind. : on Bean Blos- 
som cr., about 2 ni. E. of the New Albany and Salem E. K., 
89 ra. S. W. by S. Indianapolis. 

Mount Tabok, p. o.. Union dist., S. Car. : about 3 m. W. 
of Broad r., 57 m. N. N. W. Columbia. 

Mount Tirzah, p. o., Person co., JV. Car.: about 3 m. 
E. of Flat r, a head stream of the Neuse, 41 m. N. N. W. 
Ealeigh. 

Mount Tom, Hampshire co., Ma%%. : lies on the W. bank 
of Connecticut r., opposite Mount Ilolyoke. and is 1,214 feet 
high. It belongs to a range, which E. of the river takes the 
name of Ilolyoke, and extends S. to near New Haven. 

Mount Ullau, p. o., Eowan county, N. Car, : 104 m. W. 
Ealeigh. 

Mount Union, p. v.. Stark co., 0?tio : 113 ni. N. E. by E. 
Columbus. It is about 3 m. W. of the Cleveland and Pitts- 
burg R. R., and 1 m. S. of the Ohio and Pennsylvania 
Railroad. 

Mount Union, p. o. and sta., Huntingdon co., Penn. : on 
the Juniata, 57 m. W, by N. Harrisburg. The station is 
11 m. E. of Huntingdon, on the E. division of the Pennsyl- 
vania. II. K. 

Mount Upton, p. v., Chenango co., IT. T.: on the W. 
side of UnaUilla r., S9 m. W. by S. Albany. It contains 
several stores and mills, and 400 inhabitants. 

Mount Veknon, p. v., Mobile co., Ala. : about 4 m. W. 
of Mobile r., 134 m. S. W. Montg-^raery. It contains a U. S. 
arsenal, several stores, and about 400 inhabitants. 

Mount Vkrnon, p. v., and cap. SU Francis eo.. Ark.: 
about 5 m. W. of SU Francis r., 83 m. E. by N. Little Eock. 
It contjiins a court-house and jail, several stores, and a pop- 
ulation of SCO. 

Mount Vernon, p. v^ and cap. Jefferson co., III. : on a 
branch of Big Muddy r. and the E. side of Casey's Prairie, 
109 m. S. S. E. Springfield. It contains a court-house and 
jail, several stores, and 800 inhabiUints. 

Mount Vernon, p. v., and cap. Posey co., Ind.: on the 
Ohio r., 16 m. above the mouth of the Wabash, 153 m. 
8. W. by S. Indianapolis. It is built on a high bank, and 
contains a court-house, jail, academy, numerous stores and 
warehouses, several flouring-mills, and 1,120 inhabitants. 
It commau'ls a large trade with the interior and on the 
river. The " Souih-westcm Advocate," neutral La politics, 
is published weekly. 



Mount Vernon, t. and p. o., Kennebec co., Me.: 15 m. 
N. W. Augiista. It contains several large ponds, from which 
it is well supplied with water-power, and has a very fertile 
soil. A superior farming t., and well timbered. Pop. 1,479. 
Mount Vernon, p. v., and cap. Eock Castle co., Xy. : 
64 m. 8. S. E. Frankfort. It contains a court-house, jail, 
several stores, and a population of 250. The KnoxvdIe and 
Lexington E. E. will pass through it 

Mount Vernon, p. v., and cap. Montgomery co., Ga. : on 
the E. side of Oconee r., 76 m. S. S. E. Milledgeville. 

MbuNT Vernon, p. o., Macomb county, Mich. : 82 m. E. 
Lansing. 
Mount Veknon, p. o., Wabashaw co,, Minn. Ter. 
Mount Vernon, p. v^ Lawrence co., Mo. : 132 ro. S. W. 
Jefferson City. Pop. 1,579. 

Mount Vernon, L and p. o., Hillsboro* co., K. ITamp. : 
24 m. S. S. W. Concord. Drained by branches of Souhegan 
r., which afford good mill-sites. Surface elevated and un- 
even ; soil adapted to grazing, which is the principal busi- 
ness. The v. lies on high ground, and contains an academy 
and several stores. Pop. of t, 722. 

Mount Veknon, p. o., Westchester co., A^ Y. : 109 m. S. 
Albany. 

Mount Vernon, p. o., Rowan co., A' Car, : 97 m. W. 
Ealeigh. 

Mount Vernon, p. v., and cap. Enox co., OJtio : on Ver- 
non r., 37 m. N. E. Columbus. The river supplies water- 
power, and the trade of a rich agricultural district centres 
here, giving it importance as a manufacturing and com- 
mercial place, which is much increased by its niilrnad com- 
munication. The Sandusky, Mansfield, and Newark E. E. 
passes through it, 24 m. N. of Newark and 36 m. S. of 
Mansfield, and will be intersected here by the Spriugfield, 
Mount Vernon, and Pittsburg E. E., -which will bring it 
near markets f'>r its produce and manufactures in all direc- 
tions. It contains an elegant court-house, a jail, an aca»X- 
emy, a bank, several flouring-niills, foundries, manufactories 
of railroad equipments, etc. Three newspapers are pub- 
lished weekly, tho "Democratic Banner," "M. V. Free 
Whig," and " Ohio Times" (free soil). Pop. 3,710. 
Mount Vernon, p. o., Linn co., la. : N. Iowa City. 
MoirNT Vernon, p. o., Chester co., Penn. : 53 m. E, S. E. 
Harrisburg. 

Mount Vernon, p. v.. Providence co., R. I. : on a small 
branch of Moosup r., 17 m. W. by S. Providence. 

Mount Vernon, p. o., Monroe co., T&nn. ; 143 m. E. S. E. 
Nashville. 

Mount Vernon, Fairfax co., Virff. : on the W. side of 
the Potomac, 6 ra. below Alexandria, was the residence of 
George Washington. Here ho died, and here, on an emi- 
nence commanding a wide view of tJio noble river, his re- 
mains repose. 
Mount Vrsw, p. o., Davidson co., Tertn. 
Mount View, p. o., Benton co., Mo. : 63 m. W. S. W. 
Jefferson City. 

MorxTviLLE, p. V. and sta., Lancaster co., Penn.: 8 m. 
W. of Lancaster, on the Columbia and Philadelphia R. E., 
2S m. S. E. by E. Harrisburg, 

Mountville, p. v., Troup county, Ga. : 109 miles W. 
Milledgeville. 

Mountville, p. o., Laurens district, S. Car. .' 53 m. 
N. W. by W. Columbia. - 

Mountville, p. o., Loudon county, Virg.: 89 m, N. 
Eichmond. 

Mount Vinco, p. o., Buckingham co., Virg. : 64 ra. W. 
Richmond. 

Mount Vkion, p. v., Otse^ co., N. Y. : on Otsego cr. o^ 
Susquehanna r., 70 m. W. Albany. It contains a woolen 
factory and several mills. 

Mount Warrkn, p. o., Weakley county, Tenn. : 112 m. 
W. by N. Nashville. 

Mount Washington, p. o., Morgan, county, Ind. : 27 m. 
S. W. Indianapolis. 



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Mount Washington, p. o., Bullitt co., Ky.: about 4 m. 
N. of Salt r.. 3S ni. W. S. W. Fninkfort. 

Mount Washington, Coos co., N. ITamp. : is the highest 
peak of the White Mountains, being 6,423 feet above the 
ocean level. Its top, always covered with snow, is visible 
to mariners when more than 50 ra. from shore, or about 
125 m. distant. 

Mount Washington, p. o., Steuben co., K. T. : 1S2 m. 
"W. by S. Albany. 

Mount Washington, t. and p. o., Berkshire co., 3f<iss.: 
in the S. W. corner of the State, 126 ni. W. by S. Boston. 
Drained by atfluents of Salmon cr., which furnish many 
mill-seats. Surface mountainous. The Taghkonnic range 
crosses the t., an<l one of its peaks is 3,150 feet high. Wool- 
growing is the leading interest. Timber is abundant, and 
iron ore is found. Pop. 851. 

Mount Washington, p. o., Hamilton co., Ohio: 93 m. 
S. W. by W. Columbus. 

Mount Welcome, p. o., Clay county, Xt/, : 95 m. S. E. 
Frankfort. 

Mount Willing, p. o., Lowndes co., Ala. : 32 m. S. W. 
Montgomery. 

Mount Willing, p. o., East Feliciana par., La. : 19 m. 
N. Baton Eouge. It is about 10 miles N. E. of Port 
Hudson, and on the line of the Clinton and Port Hudson 
Eailroad. 

Mount Willing, p. o.. Orange co., 2T. Car.: about 6 m. 
E. of Haw r., 4;^ ni. W, N. W. Ilaleigh. 

Mount Willing, p. o., Edgefield dist., S. Car. : 86 m. W. 
Coluinhla. 

Mount Wolf, p. o., York county, Pen7i. : IS m. S. 
Harrisburg. 

Mount Yonah, p. o., HabtTsham co., Ga. : on Chcstatee 
river, IIS m. N. by W. Milledgeville. 

Mount Zion, p. o., Tallapoosa county, Ala. : 3T m. N. E. 
Montgomery. 

Mount Zion, p. v., Hancock county, Ga. : 25 m. N. E. 
Mi I ledger ill e. Here are an academy and several stores. 

Mount Zion, p. o., Lebanon co., Petm. : 23 m. E. by N. 
Harrisburg. 

Mount Zion. p. o., Spartanburg district, S. Car. : 84 m. 
N.W. byX. C'»lumljia. 

Mount Zion, p. o., Campbell co., Yirg. : 96 m. W. by S. 
Kichmond. 

Mount Zion, p. o., Simpson co., Miss. : 33 m. S. S. E. 
Jackson. 

Mousb Creek, sta., M'Minn county, Teyin. : 21 m. S. of 
Loudon, on the East Tennessee and Georgia R. K. 

Mouth of Hiwassef., p. c, Meigs co., Tenn.: near the 
confluence of Uiwassee and Tennessee rivers, 109 m. E. S. E. 
Nashville. 

Moctu op Indiak, p. 0., Monroe co., Yirg.: on the E. 
side of New r., 1S3 m. W. Kichmond. 

Mouth of Little Eivee, p. o.. Blount co., Tenn.: on 
Tennessee r., 156 m. E. by S. Nashville. 

Moutu of Poca, p. 0., Putnam co., Yirg. : on the Great 
Kanawha, 240 m. W. by N. Richmond. 

Mouth of Sandy, p. o., Henry co., Tenn. : at the entrance 
of Big Sandy river into the Tennessee, 73 m. W. by N. 
Nashville. 

Mouth of Senega, p. o., Pendleton co.^Yirg.: 106 m. 
N. W. by W. Richmond. 

Mouth of Wh-son, p. o., Grayson co,, Yirg.: on the W. 
Bide of New r., 221 m. W. S. W. Kichmond. 

Mouth of Yf.llow Ckeek, p. v., Jefferson co., Ohio: on 
the Ohio r. and the Cleveland and Pittsburg K. R., 3 m. S. 
of Wellsville, 124 ra. E. N. E. Columbus. 

Maubtstown, p. v.. Highland co., Ohio: on White Oak 
cr.. 69 m. S. S. W. Columbus. 

Muchinippe, p. o., Loga» county, Ohio: 46 m. N. W. 
Columbus. 

MucKALusHT, p. 0., Ncshoba county, Miss. : 71 m, N. E- 
Jackson. 



Mud Beidgf., p. o., Cabell co., Yirg.: on an E. branch 
of Guyandolte r., 249 nj. W. by N. Kichmond. 

Mud Ceeek, p. o., St. Clair co., PK : on a branch of the 
Kaskaskia so called, 106 m. S. Springfield. 

Mud Creek, p. o., Eaton county, Mic/i.: 26 miles W. 
Lansing. 

Mud Creek, p. o., M'Nairy co., Tenn.: on an affluent of 
the Tennessee so called, 106 ra. S. W. by W. Nashville. 

Mud Creek, p. c, Henderson co., iV". Car. : on an E. 
branch of French Broad r., so named, 219 m. W. by S. 
Raleigh. 

Muddy Ceeek, p. o., Preston co., Yirg. : 192 m. N. W. 
Eielimond. 

Muddy Creek, p. c, Forsyth co., If. Car. : on an E. 
branch of Ihe Yadkin, 93 m. W. by N. Raleigh. 

Muddy Ckeeb. Foiuis, p. o., York co., Penii. : 37 m. S. E. 
Harrisburg. 

Muddy Fork, p. o., Cleveland co., Ji. Cur : on a fork of 
Buffalo cr., 143 ra. W. by S. Raleigh. 

Muddy Lane, p. o., M'Donough co., Pi. : S2 m. N. W. 
Springfield. 

Mud Lick, p. o., Chatham co., iV. Car. ,- 46 ra. W. by N. 
Raleigh. 

Mud Spring, p. c, EI Dorado co., Calif. : 103 m. E. N. E. 
Vallejo. 

Mud Spring, p. o., Deuton co., Tea*. : 206 m. N. by E. 
Austin Cily. 

MuHLENBtTRQ couuty, Xi/. Situato W. ceiilr;il]y, and con- 
tains 563 sq. m. Green r. forms ils N. E. and Pond r. its 
W. b()undary, and it is drained by Cyprct^s, Clifty, Big 
Muddy, and other creeks of Green r. Surface varied, and 
soil of good quality in most parts. Corn and wheat are the 
staples, and tobacco thriving in the best land. Raising cat- 
tle and sheep, and fattening pork are objects of much atten- 
tion, and furnish valuable exports, especially of the lasL 
The county possesses good water-power, and manufactures 
iron castings, fiour, and leather. Farms 921; manuf. 16; 
dwell. 1,451, and pop.— wh. S,250, fr. col. 37, si. 1,522— total 
9,809. Capitol: Greenville. 

MunLENBURG, p. o., Luzemc co., Penii. : S4 m. N. N. E. 
Harrisburg. 

McTKER, p. o., Washington co., Wise. : 69 m. E. by N. 
Madison. 

Mukwa, p. v., and cap. Waupaca co., Wise: on Wolf 
r., near Ihe confiuence of Waupaca r., 92 m. N. by E. 
Madison. It is a well located 'and growing v. in a newly- 
organized county. 

MuKWANAGO, t. and p. 0., Waukesha co.. Wine: 56 m. 
E. by S. Madison. Drained by affluents of Fox r. Surface 
level, and soil adapted to grain. The Milwaukie and 
Mississippi R. R. passes through the N. W. corner. Popu- 
lation 1,094. 

Mulberry, p. c, Autauga co., Ala. : 2S ra. W. by N, 
Montgomery. 

Mulberry, p. o,, Jackson co., Ga.: 79 m. N. N. W. 
Milledgeville. 

Mulberry, p. o., Wilkes co., i^. Car. : 139 m. W. N. W. 
Raleigh. 

Mulberry, p. v., Clermont co., Ohio : S4 m. S. W. by W. 
Columbus. 

Mulberry, p. o., Lincoln co., T^inn. : on a branch of EUc 
r.. 03 m. S. by E. Nashville. 

Mulberry, river, Ala.: a large W. branch of the Black 
Warrior, rises in the N. part of IJlimnt county, flows nearly 
parallel to the main stream in a S. W. course for S5 miles, 
and empties into it on the W. line of Jefferson county. It 
crosses a region rich in deposits of coal. 

Mulberry CoRNEia, p. v., Geauga co., Ohio : 18S m. N. E. 
Columbus. 

Mulberry Gap, p. o., Hancock co., Tenn. : about 8 m< 
S. of Powell's r., 109 m. E. by N. Nashville. 

Mulberry Grove, p. o., Harris co., Ga. : about 6 m. E. 
of Chattahoochee r., Ill m. W. by S. Milledgeville, 

619 



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MTJR 



Mtjlbkiiry Geove, p. 0., Bond co., III. : about 3 m. W. 
of Utirrk-ane tr., 62 m. 6. S. E. Springfield. 

MuLHEi'.RT Grovk, p. o., Hopklns county, Ky.: 163 m. 
W. S. W. Kraiikfort. 

Mull Gr<:.ve, p. c, Lincoln county, K. Car.: 152 m. 
TV. by Jf. liideiKii. 

MuLUO.\s (nr Little Lgo Harbor) river, JV. Ji')\ : rises 
amon;^ tlie lieails of Eaucocus cr., and flows S. K. beluucn 
Burliiijjtou ami AtlaDtic counUt-a, into Gruat Hay and the 
Atlantic Ocean. Vessels of GO tons can ascend it 20 miles. 

MiTLuco IIiLL, p. v., Gloucester county, X. Jev.: on 
Kaccoon cr., 41 m. S. W. Trenton- It contains several 
stores, and about 500 inhabitanls. 

MuLLiNOAit, p. c, Warren co., PeTvn. : 15S m. N. W. by W. 
Hnrrisburg. 

MuLLoy's, p. o., Eobertson co., Term. : 26 m. N. by W. 
Nashville. 

MuLTONOMAH Island, Oreg. Ter. : lies in Columbia r., and 
extends 15 in. down the r., from the mouth of the Willamette, 
varying in widUi from 1 to 3 miles. 

MuMFORP. p. v.. Monroe co., X. Y. : 212 m, W. by N. 
Albany. It contains several stores and mUls, and 300 
inhabitants. 

MrNCiETOWN, p. v., and cap. Delaware co., lud. : on the 
S. side of White r., 4S m. N. E. by ]•>. Inflianapolis. It is 
regularly built on elevated ground, and has a heavy trade in 
the products of a rich grain region. It contains a court- 
house ami jail, an academy, 20 stores, and 1,000 inhabit;mt8. 
Two newspapers, the '* Whig Banner*' and " Munciet^mian,"' 
are published weekly. It is on the Indianapolis and Belle- 
fontaine U. R., IS m. E. of Andersontown, and will be 
intersected by the Fort Wajnie and Southern K. li. 

MuNCY, p. b., Lycoming co., I'enJi. : about 1 m. E. of the 
Susquehanna, and S. of Muney cr., 64 ra. N. Uarrisburg. 
It is largely engaged in the lumber trade, and contains a 
dozen stores, and 910 inlialiitants. The W. branch division 
of the Pennsylvania Canal passes it 24 m. N. of Northum- 
berland. The '• M. Luminary" (whig) is issued here weekly. 
The t. is Muney Creek, and has a hilly surface and clayey 
soil; drained by Big and Little Muncy creeks. It is well 
timbered, and contains several woolen factories. 

MusDT, U and p. o., Genusee co., Mich. : 45 m. E. by N. 
Lansing. Brained by Swart/.'s cr. and other S. affluents of 
Flint r., which supply good water-power. Surface rolling; 
soil sandy loam, in parts covered with pine. Pop. 786. 

MuNFOKDSviLLE, p. V., and cap. Hart co., Ky. : on the N. 
Bide of Green r., 79 m. S. W. Frankfort It has a valuable 
trade in corn and tobacco, and contains a court-house and 
jail, several stores, and 350 inhabitants. 

Mungkr's Mills, p. o., Shannon co.. Mo.: 9S m. S. E. by 
B. Jefferson City. 

MuNGO Park, p. o., Washington co., Penn.: 1S4 m. W. 
Harrisburg. 

MtTNNsviLLE, p. V., Madison co., N'.T.: on Oneida cr., 
9S m. W. by N. Albany. It contains a flouring mill, several 
stores, and 400 inhabitants. 

MuNNTowN, p. v., Washington co., Penn. : 163 m. W. 
Harrisburg. 

MuNNviLLE, p. v., Coshocton CO., Ohio: 63 m. E. N. K. 
Columbus. 

MuNsoNTiLLE, Putnam county, Flor.: 163 m. E. S. E. 
Tallahassee. 

MuNsoNviLLE, p. v., Cheshire county, N. Uamp. : 83 m. 
W. S. W. Concord. 

MuRAT, p. o., Paulding co., Ohio: 118 m. N. W. by W. 
Columbus. 

MuRDocKsvTLLE, p. V., Washington co., Pewn. : 176 m. W. 
Harrisburg. 

Murfre'r PepOt, p. c, Southampton co., Virg. ; 52 m. 
a S. E. Ilichmond. 

MuRFRFFsitORO'. p. V., Piko CO., Ark. : on the E. side of 
Hickory cr. of Little Missom-i r., 97 m. S. W. by W. Little 
Bock. 

520 



McRFREESBOEo', p. V., Hertford co., N. Car. : on the S. 
side of M'.-herrin r., 93 m. E. N. E. lialeigh. II conhiins an 
academy and several stores, and has a large traiie in lumber. 

Mcrfreksboro', p. b., and cap. liutherford co., 'J\mn.: on 
aJbranch of Stone r., 2S m. S. E. Nashville. It is well laid 
out on an eminence overlooking a very fertile region of corn 
and tobacco bind, and is neatly built, mostly with brick. It 
was formerly the capital of the State ; and h:is a heavy trade 
in the products of a large and higlily cultivated district. It 
contains a court-house, jail, bank, an academy, college, 
many large stores and warehouses, and about l,t'SO inhal>- 
itants. Union College was founded here, in 1S4^, and in 
1850 had 5 inslruetors, 6 alumni, 100 studi.'nts, and 2,000 
volumes in ils library. The " K. Telegraph" (whig), and 
" Circle of Honor'' (temp.), are published weekly. It is on 
the Nashville and Chattanooga K.Il., 33 m. from Nashville. 

MuEi'UET, p. v., and cap. Cherokee co.. A*". Cur. : at the 
confluence of Valley and Iliwassee rivers, 313 m. W. byS. 
lialeigh. It lies in a valley, with a superior farming district 
around il, and several thriving manufactories in the vicinity. 
It contains a court-house and jail, an academy, and 400 
inbal)itants. The " Cherokee Sentinel*' is published weekly. 

MtTRniKEE's Valley, p. o., Blount co., Ala.: 107 m. N. 
Montgomery. 

Murphy's, p. o., Calaveras co., Calif.: on Stanislaus r., 
94 m. E. by S. Vallejo. 

MuRruvsEOBOUGU, p. v., and cap. Jackson co., III. : on 
the right bank of Big Muddy r., 143 m. S. by E. Spring- 
field. Il has a valuable trade, and ships large quantities of 
grain down the r. It contains a court-house and jail, several 
stores and warehouses, and 500 inhabitiiuts. 

MuRi'insviLLE, p. v., Miison co., Ky. : on an E. branch 
of Licking r., 67 m. E. N. E. FrankforL 

MuREAY county, Ga. ^tuate N, W., and contains 5S6 
sq. m. Drained by Coosawaite and Conna-sauga rivers, 
head waters of the Coosa. Surface much broken by ranges 
of hills and mountain spurs, but finely diversified with 
valleys of good size and great fertility. Corn is the largest 
product ; wheat of excellent quality and some cotton are 
grown. Superior grazing abounds, fine dairies are kept, 
and wool is sheared largely. The streams furnish many 
mill-seats, which are fast being occupied with fiourishmg 
raanufacttiries. Iron ore is found, and valuable mineral 
springs. Farms 1,0;.{4; manuf. 25; dwell. 2.047, and pop.— 
wh. 12,492, fr. col. 11, si. 1,930— total, 14,433. Capital: 
Spring Place. PuhUc. Woi'ks: East Tennessee and Georgia 
B. R., and Western and Atlantic R. R. 

Murray, p. o., Wells co., IiuL : 73 m. N. E. Indianapolis. 

Murray, p. v.. Callaway co., Ky.: on the E. si<Io of 
Clark's r., 213 m. S. W. by W. FrankforL Itwiis for a time 
the capital of the county, and conl^uiis several stores, and 
200 inhabitants. 

Murray, t. and p. o., Orleans co., X K.' 10 m. S. of 
Lake Onlarin, 22S m. W. by N. Albiniy. Drained by Sandy 
and Little Salmon creeks flowing into the lake, which furnish 
good mill-seats." Surface nearly level; snil fertile. It is a 
fine grazing t.. with several thriving manufacturing villages 
in it. The Rochester, Lockport, and Niagara Falls R. R. 
and Erie Canal pass through it Murray sta. is 25 m. W. 
of Rochester. Pop. 2,520. 

Murray's Ferry,p.o., Williamsburg dist,,^^. Car.: 66m. 
E. S. E. Columbia. 

Mdrhaybtille, p. v., Jackson co., Virg.: on the Ohio 
r., 253 m. W. N. W. Richmond. It occupies a narrow 
tongue, with the r. on the N. and S., and is engaged in 
boat-building. 

MuRRiLL's Shop, p. c, Nelson co., Ylrg. : 74 m. W. by N. 
Richmond. 

Mur.RiNsviLLE, p. v., Butler co., Penn. : 16S m. W.N. W. 
Harrisburg. 

MuRRvsviLLE, p. V., Westmoreland CO., Pfinn.: on an E. 
branch of the Monongahcla, 144 m. W. by N. Harrisburg. It 
contains several stores and a woolen factory. 



MUS 



NAG 



McsciTiN'E county, la. Situate S. E., and contains 441 
sq. ni. BnuntJi^I S. E. by the Mississippi, and drained l>y 
Cedar r. and its brandies. Surface rolling; soil very fertile. 
Corn, wheat, oata, and potatoes, are excellent crops. It is a 
very fine farming county, and almost as good for grazing. 
The streams atford abundant water-power, and the location 
is very favoralile for commerce, making it the thoroughfare 
of the immigration and transportation of a large back 
country. Farms 4(10; manuf. ly; dwell. 999, and pop. — 
wh. 5,663, fr. col. 6S— total 5,731. Cai)lkd : Muscatine. 

MuscATiNK (formerly IJloomington), p- v., and cap. Mus- 
catine CO., Id. : on the Mississippi, 32 miles below Daven- 
port, 31 m. S. K. by E. Iowa City. It has an excellent 
steamboat landing, and is a large commercial place, being 
the shipping ])ort of the rich district between Iowa City and 
the Mississippi, llie trade of which it mostly coninftinds. It 
has advantages for trade and couiracrce which must make 
it a place of great wealth an<l importance. It contains a 
court-house, jail, 2 aciuJemies, several handsome churches, 
numerous large st<tres and warehouses, and 2,534 inhabi- 
tants. IVo week ly papers are published — the " Democratic 
Inquirer" and " M. Journal." 

Mlscoda, [t. o.. Grant co.. Wide.: on the S. side of Wis- 
cousin r., 54 m. W. by N. Madison, 

MrscoGEE county, G(t. Situate middle on "W. line, and 
contains 376 sq. m. Drained by Upatoi cr. and smaller 
tributaries of the Chattahoochee, which forms the AV. bound- 
ary. Surface diversified; soil exceedingly fertile on the 
large streams, and generally of good quality. Cotton is the 
staple. Corn is a fine crop, and good wheat is grown. 
T\'ater-power in al)undancc ia furnished by the falls of the 
Cluittahoochee, and large manufactories of cotton and wool- 
en goods are in successful operation on and near that river. 
The same stream, being navigable at all seasons, affords 
great facilities for tlie transportation of the products of a 
large and fertile region, which pass through this county. 
Fanns 5S1 ; manuf. 30 ; dwell. 1,884, and pop.— wh. 10,360, 
fr. col. 62, si. 8.156— total 18,576. Capital : Columbus. 
Public Works: Muscogee li. K. 

Musn Cr.EEK, p. o., Greenville dist., S. Car, : 9S m. N.W. 
Columbia. 

MrsiiuLATiLLE, p. o., Noxubcc CO., Miss.: 10-3 m. N. E. 
Jackson. 

McsKEEGo, p. o., Milwaukic co., TTisc: 72 m. E. by S. 
Madison. 

MusKEEGO Centre, p. o., Waukesha co., Wise: 67 m. 
E. by S. Madison. 

MrsKEGON, t. and p. c, Ottawa county, Midi. : 85 m. 
W. N. 'W. Lansing. Drained by Muskegon r. and its 
branches. Surface even, and soil very productive and heav- 
ily timbered with oak and pine. Marl is found in large 
quantities. Pop. 4^. 

Musket, p. o., Navarro county, T&t. : 146 m. N. N. E. 
Austin Ciiy. 

Muskingum county, Ohio. Situate 9. E. centrally, and 
contains S09 sq. m. Drained by Muskingnitn r. and its 
branches, Licking r. and Wills' and Salt creeks, which af- 
ford almost unlimited water-power. Surface somewhat 
hilly; soil of great fertilitj-, equally adapted to grass and 
grain. Wheat and corn arc the great staples, and the crops 
very large. Most of the grains thrive. Large dairies are 
kept, and great numbers of sheep and swine raised. Live- 
stock, beef, wool, and pork are extensively exported. The 
county contains valuable salt springs, which formerly yield- 
ed immense quantities of salU The product, though mueh 
less now. is still large. It has large beds of bituminous coal 
and quarries of burr stone, much used for mill-stones, and a 
superior clay for pottery. iL-n manufactures are various and 
very large — flnur. stone and earthen-ware, salt, cotton and 
woolen goods. leather, distilled and malt liquors, iron cast- 
ings, and machinery being the principal. Farms 2,6S0 ; 
manuf. 35ft; dwell. 7.T.'')7, and pop.— wh. 44.421, fr. col. 62S 
—total 45,049. Capital: Zaucsvillc. Public Works: Ohio 



Canal; Cleveland, Zanesville, and Cineinnati Fv. K. ; Cen- 
tral Ohio E, 11.; Cincinnati, Wilmington, and Zanesvillo 
Kail road, 

Muskingum, t. and p. o., Muskingum co., Ohio: 49 m. 
E. by N. Columbus. Bounded E. by Muskingum r., and 
drained by a branch of the Licking. Surface slightly un- 
e\en; soil very fertile. It has numerous salt springs. 
Pop. 1,509. 

MusKixGuM river, 07do : formed by the imion at Coshocton 
of Walhonding and Tuscarawas rivers, which rise in the S. 
part of the Connecticut Keserve, flows about 120 m. in a 
S. E. course, and empties into the Ohio at Marietta. It is 
225 yards wide at the mouth, and by means of loeks, dams, 
and short canals is navigable 96 m. to Dresden. The Ohio 
Canal here connects with it by a side cut, and proeeeds up 
the valley of the Tuscarawas, and the Walhnnding Canal 
follows the other eoustilutent, diverging from the former at 
lioscoe. The numerous falls of the river afl'ord almost un- 
limited water-power. 

Mustang, p. o., Lavaca county, 21^. .■ 76 m. S. 3. E. 
Austin City. 

Mutual, p. 0., Champaign co., Ohio: 46 m. W. by N, 
Columbus. 

Myatte, p. o., Fulton co., ArJc. : on a creek so called, a 
N. affluent of Sjiring r, US in. N. by E. Little Koek. 

MvERF^nup.G, p. v., Bradford co.^Peitn.: 93 m. N. by B. 
Harrisburg. * 

MvEitsTowN, p. v., Lel>anon co.. Penm. ; on Tulpehocken 
cr. and the Uniun Canal, 31 ra. E. by N. llurrisburg. The 
"M. Gazette" (dem.) is published weekly. I'op. 4i)0. 

MvERSviiLE, p. v., Frederick county, MrL : 67 m. N. W. 
Annapolis. 

Myers' Mili^, p. o., Vermillion co.. PL: on the N. furk 
of Big Yermillion r., 109 m. E. by N. Springfield. 

Myrick's. sta., Bristol co.. Mam. : on llie Fall River K. K. 
and New Bedford and Taunton K. E. at their intersection, 
12 m. from Fall liiver and 14 ra. from New IJedfnrd. 

MvirrLE SriiiNGS, p. o., Bowie co., Tex.: 291 m. N. E. 
Austin City. 

MvsTic, p. v., New London county, Conn.: on Mystic r., 
45 m. S. E. Hartford. 

Mystic Bridge, p. v.. New London county. Conn.: on 
Mystic r., 2 m. above its mouth, 48 m. S. E. Hartford. The 
V. lies on i)oth aides of the river, which is spanned by a toll 
bridge, and is navigable for vessels of 400 tons burden. 
Ship-building and the coasting and West India trade aro 
the leading interests of the v., which contains 2 banks, an 
academy, and aijout 1,000 inhabitants. 

Mystic IIiver, p. o., New London co.. Conn. : 47 m. S. E. 
Hartford. 



N: 



Naaman'k Creek, p. o. and sta.. New Castle co., Del. : on 
Naaman's cr. of Delaware r., and on the Philadelphia and 
Baltimore E. R., 20 m. S. W. Philadelphia. 

Naausay, p. 0., Kendall county, III.: 135 m. N. N. E. 
Springfield. 

NAGOfiPocnES county, Tex. Situate toward tlie N. E.^ 
and contains 94S sq. m. Drained by branches of Attoyac r., 
which forms its western boundary, and by branchea of An- 
gelina r., whicli runs on the S. W. and W. Surface level, 
or gently undulating ; soil very fertile, particularly on the At- 
toyac and Angelina rivers, where the land is rich and well 
adapted to the culture of cotton, com, and fruits of difitrent 
kinds. Grapes arc abundant, and might, with cultivation, 
be rendered valuable. It is well wo{)ded. and has some flno 
springs and streams of clear mnntng water of excellent 
quality. It contning some minerals. Farms 297; manuf. 
? ; dwell. 631, and po[).— wh. 3,75S, fr. col. 31, .si. 1,404— total 
5,193. Capital: Nacogdoches. PuIHq Works: Spanish 
Military lioad. 

521 



NAC 



NAN 



Nacogdoches, p. v., and cap. Nacogdoches co., Tkp. ; is 
on an elevated angular plain, between and above the junc- 
tion of the beautil'ul streams Bonito, on Uie W., and La- 
nana, on Ihe E., the main branches of Uayou Lanana, 
210 m. N. E. by E. Austin City. This v. was one am^ng 
the first settled by Ihe Spanish in Texas, and grew to con- 
siderable importance ; but under the wars with Mexico it 
Buffered greatly. In 1S3'2, the Mexican Centralist troops 
were expelled by the citizens and inhabitants of the neigh- 
boring country. It is now rapidly progressing in prosperity. 

Nacooche, p. o., Habersham co., Oa. : IIS m. N. by W. 
Milled gov i lie. 

Naglksville, p. v., Monroe county, Penv. : 96 m. N. E. 
Harrisbiu-g. Cobb's Gap R. R. passes through this village. 

Nauant, peninsula and p. o., Essex eo., J/aw. ; 9 m. 
N. E. Boston. This peninsula is part of the town of Lynn, 
from which it projecls S. 4 m. into Massachusetts Bay, form- 
ing on the E. side Nahant Bay, and on the W. side Lynn 
Harbor. It consists of four parts: Long Beach, Little Na- 
hant, Bass Neck or Nahant Beach, and Great Nahant, 
Long Beach, which connects it witli Lynn, is H ra. in 
length, smooth and very hard, aflFording a most delightful 
ride. Little Nahant conUiins 43 acres, of which a part is 
cultivated. Bass Neck connects this with the outer and 
main portion of the peninsula, called Great Nahant, or 
more generally, Naliant, which i%2 ni. long, in parts \\ m. 
wide, and contains 463 acres. The surface is uneven, being 
from 40 to 100 feet above the level of the sea. The shores 
mostly consist of precipitous rocks, with a great depth of 
water below. At times the roar of the ocean surge is sul> 
lime. In fair weather Ihe scenery is delightful. During the 
summer months it is greatly resortetl to from Boston and 
yicinity, by steamboats hourly plying. A large hotel and 
other boarding-houses provide excellent accommodations. 

Naumvoo bay, Door co., WUc : an inlet of Green Bay, 
W. from Sturgeon Bay. 

Nahitnta, p. 0. and sta., Wayne co., N'. Car. : on AVil- 
mington and ^Veldon R. R., 10 m. N. Goldsbnro', 42 m. 
E. S. E. Raleigh. 

Nail Factory, p. o., Gaston county, N. Cay. : 133 m. 
W. S. W. Rakigh. 

Naihs, p. o., Scioto CO., Ohio: 75 m.S. by E. Columbus. 

Namautun, p. 0., Marquette co., Wise, : 55 m. N. by E. 
Madison. 

NAiiASKET river, Bristol co., Mass. : unites with Bridge- 
water r. in Taunton. 

Namebin lake, La Pointe co., Wise. : one of the sources 
of Bad r., 24 m. S. S. W. from its entrance into Lake 
Superior. 

Nauekegon river, La Pointe CO., TTisc; rises in Nidjikwe 
lake, drains S. part of La Pointe county, and is a head 
branch of St Croix river. 

Namozine, p. o., Amelia CO., Virg.: on Namozinc cr., 
2T m. W. S. AV. Richmond. 

Nanafalia, p. v., Marengo co., Ala. : on the E. side of 
Tombigbee r., 1 m. from the bluff and landing, 99 m.W. by S. 
Montgomery. 

Nancemont, p. o., Cass co., lU. : 24 m. N. "W. by W. 
Bpringfield. 

Nanjemoy, p. v., Charles co., Md. : "W. of Nanjemoy Bay, 
47 m. S. W. Annapolis, is a port, and has considerable 
trade. 

Nanjemot bay, Charles co., 3fd. : a small inlet on E. side 
of Potomac r., S m. S. "W. Port Tobacco. 

Nankin, t. and p. o., "Wayne co., ^fich. : 64 m. E. S. E. 
Lansing. Drained by the "VV. and S. branches of Rouge r. 
Surface undulating ; soil sandy loam ; is flr^t-rate grass land. 
There is considerable water-power on both branches of the 
Rouge. The greater portion of this and adjoining towns is 
heavily timbered. Pop. 1,617. 

Nankin, p. v., Ashland co., O^do : on a bratich of "Wal- 
bonding r., 74 m. N. N. E. Columbus. 

Nansemond county, Virff. Situate S. E., and contains 

52a 



444 sq. m. Drained by branches of Nansemond r., which 
falls into James r., on the N- border. Surface even ; soil in 
general fertile, and produces good crops of coitr>n, Indian 
corn, etc. It contains a portion of the Dismal Swatnp and 
Aake Drummond. which supplies the Dismal Swamp Canal 
by a feetter five miles long. Earms 731 ; manuf 82 ; dwell. 
1,52a. and pop.— wh. 5.425, fr. col. 2,14=3, si. 4,715— total 12,2S.3. 
Copital: Suffolk. Public Worku: Sea-hoard and Roanoke 
R. R,; Petersburg and Norfolk R. R.; Dismal Swamp 
Canal, etc. 

Nansemond river, Nansemond CO., Virff.: rises in Dismal 
Swamp, and from Suffolk to its entrance into Hampton 
Rt)ads, is navigable for vessels of 100 tons. 

Nantasket, sta., Plymouth co.. Mans.: on South Shore 
R. R., 19 m. from Boston. 

NAN^feuET Beacu, peninsula, Plymouth co., J/(/a9. ; 9 m. 
E. S. E. Boston. This peninsula, in Boston harbor, which 
is part of the ancient town of llidl, is now a place of much 
resort during the summer months from Boston and vicinity. 
A fine steambo-it makes several trips daily. Here are nu- 
merous houses of entertainment, opportunities for bathing, 
fishing, etc. 

Nantasket Road, Mass. : one of the main entrances into 
Eoslon harbor, S. of the light-house ; affords good anchor- 
age, with five or sLx fathoms water. 

Nanticoke river, Del. and Md. : rises in Sussex co., Del.y 
flows S. AY. in Md., receives Marshy lU'pe r., and enters a 
braiicli of Chesapeake bay, by a wide estuary, 45 m. from 
its source. 

Nanticoke, hund., Sussex co., DH. : 30 m. S. Dover. 
Drained by creeks of Nanticoke r., which form ila "W. bound- 
ary. Area, 63,910 acres. 

Nanticoke, p. v., Luzerne co., Perm. : on S. side of E. 
branch of Susquehanna r., 75 ra. N. E. by N. Harrisburg. 

Nanticoke Falls, /*e/i?t.; in Susquehanna r.,8 m. below 
"Wilkesbarre. A dam which is here erected for feeding the 
North Branch Canal, supplies a vast quantity of surplus 
water and great water-power. 

Nanticoke Springs, p. v., Broome co., iVl T.: 126 m.W. 
by S. Albany. Contains a sulphur-spring, hotel, etc. The v. 
is in t of Nanticoke, which is drained by head branches of 
Nanticoke cr. ; has undulating surface. Pop. of U 576. 

Nantucket county, Mass. : situate in the Atlantic ocean, 
and comprising the island of Nantucket and other smaller 
islands adjacent: tlie main island is distant from Martha's 
Vineyard 10 m. E., and from Cape Cod 30 m. S., and contains 
an area of 50 sq. m. Surface in the S. level, in the N. 
somewhat elevated ; soil in general barren, and no tree or 
shrub of any size is to be found on the island. Most of the 
land is common, on wliich large numbers of cattle are fed. 
The inhabitants arc chiefly employed in navigation and the 
fisheries. Off the S. E. of the islan<l are Nantucket Shoals. 
Farms 5S ; manuf. 60 ; dwell. 1,2S5, and pop.— wh. 8,110, fr. 
col. 842— total S,452. Capital : Nantucket. 

Nantucket, port of entry, t., p. v., and cap. Nantucket 
CO., J/I/.S.S. ; eh N. side of Nantucket island, 90 m. S. S. E. 
Boston. Lat. N. 410 jg' 56"; long. W. "I'O G' 12". The v. 
is situated at the bottom of the bay, which is 6 ra. long, and 
almost entirely land-lockcd, being dlvidetl from the ocean 
by a narrijw beach. The projecting points of beach, which 
tlius lock in the harbor, arc } m. apart, and furnished with 
light-houses, as is also the harbor. The harbor is good. Two 
milesN. of the harbor is a bar, with "J ft. of water at low tide. 
The shore on which the v. is built is more im'lined to tho 
water than the rest of the island. It is built very compactly, 
with narrow streets. In 1S46, July 13th. it suffered most 
severely by a conflagration, which destroyed in a few hours 
361) buildings; amount of loss, $1,000,000; amount insured, 
$;j20,00ii; number of families who suffered. 450: contribu- 
tions received from Boston and other places, $05,000. This 
place was the first to engage in the wliale fisheries, and is 
still more largely engaged than any other town in the United 
States, except New Bedford, where this business was estab- 



NAN 



NAS 



lished by pcrsoiw from Nantuckt'L On SOtli June, lSr»o, 
Nanluckcl Iiad an aggregate gernianenl toiiujige of 29.(il*2 
tons ; of which 25,S37 were registered, and 3,1T5 enrolk-d 
au(\ licensed. Registered In the wbiile fishery, 19.055 tons- 
enrolled and licensed in cod fishery, 41)3 tons; in nuickeraT 
fishery, 593 tons; in coasting: trade, '2,1S0 tons; in steam 
navigation, 479 tons. The receipts from tht; whale fisln-ry 
in 1849 were 17,SS7 barrels sperm oil, and 6,401 barrels whale 
oil, and 08,200 pounds whale-bone. The Athenaeum has a 
good building, 2,500 volumes in library, and a valuable col- 
lection of eurii'Silies. A steamboat plies daily to New liod- 
ford. Tlie Pacific Bank has a capital of $200,000. The 
"N. Inquirer" is published tri-weekiy and weekly; the 
"N. Mirror" (neul.), weekly. Pop. of t. S,452. 

Nanuet, p, o., Eockland county, Ji. T. : 104 m, S. by "W. 
Albany. 

Napa county, Culif. Situate W. and to the N. of San 
Pablo Bay, which lies on its S. border, and receives its 
drainage by the Napa r. Surface mountainous witli exten- 
sive valleys; the Coast Range traversing it. Pop. in 1S53, 
2,116. Oipitul: Napa. 

Napa, p. v., and cap. Napa co., Cal/f. : on E. bank of 
Napa cr., 20 m. N. N. W. Vallejo, in the centre of one of 
the most beautiful, fertile, and extensive valleys which border 
on San Pablo bay, and promising to become the flourishing 
centre of this rich agricultural district. 

Napasock. p. v., Ulster county, iV". Y. : 70 m. S. S. W. 
Albany, on Kondout cr., i ra. from Delaware and Hudson 
Canal. 

Napebvillt., p. v., and cap. Du Page co., HI. : on E. side 
of W. fork of Du Page r., IGl m. N. E. by N. Springfield. 
Contains the court-house and county buildings. Two news- 
papers are issued weekly— "Du Page County Recorder" 
(dem.). and "Democratic Plaindealer".(dem.) Pop. 2.000. 

Naples, t.. p. v.. and sta., Scott co.. III. : On E. side of 
Illinois r.i 2 m. abovi the mouth ut Mauvaiseterre cr., .30 m. 
W. Sprinafield. This is the W. terminus of the Sangamon 
and Morgan E. K., 55 m. from Springfield. The "N. Ob- 
server" (dem.) is issued weekly. 

Naples, t. and p. o., Cumberland county, Me. : N. side of 
Scbago pond, 50 m. S. W. Augusta. Watered by Sebago 
and Long ponds, and Crooked and Sango rivers, which 
afford mill privileges. The v. is on E. side of Long pond, 
or Bay of Naples. Pop. of 1. 1,025. 

Nai'Les, t. and p. v., Ontario co., K Y. : 192 ra. W. Al- 
bany. Surface billy; soil clay loam; drained by inlets of 
Canan<laigua and Honeoye lakes. The v. contains numer- 
ous mills and factories. Pop. of t. 2,376. 

Napoleon, p. v., Desha co.. Ark'. : on W. bank of Missis- 
sippi r., at junction of Arkansas r., 99 ra. S. E. Little Rock. 

Napoleon, p. v., Ripley county, Iiid. : 5S miles S. E. 
Indianapolis. 

Napoleon, p. v., Gallatin co., Ky. : 42 m. N. Frankfort. 

Napoleon, t. and p. r., Jackson co., Mich. : 41 ni. E. S. E. 
Lansing. The t is well timbered, lias several large lakes, 
and fine streams. 'White sandstone of superior quality 
abounds. Surface undulating; soil rich sandy loam. The 
V. is in N. E. corner of the t. Pop. of L 1,203. 

NapolE'jn. t., p. v., and cap. Henry county, Ohio: on N. 
bank of Maumee r., 73 m. N. "W. Columbus, on the Wabash 
and Erie <.'anal. Pop. of t. 506. 

Napoleunville, p. v., and cap. Assumption par., La.: 
on W. bank of Bayou la Fourche, 36 m. S. by E. Baton 
Eouge. A newspaper, "Le Pionnier de TAesumptionj" is 
published weekly. 

Napoli. t. and p. o., Cattaraugus county, If. Y. : 204 m. 
"W. by S. Albany. Surface of town undulating; soil good. 
Drained by Cold Spring cr. Pop. 1.233. 

NAKKAGANStrrT, p. o., Washington co., 22. 1. 

NAKiiAOANSKTT bav, R. I. This beautiful bay seta up N. 
from the Atlantic, between Seaconnett rocks on the E. and 
point Judith on the W., which are 17 m. apart. It contains 
Ihe large iulandd Rhode, Canonicut, Prudence, and numer- 



ous small ones, extends N. 29 m., and terminates in 
Providence r. Its more inland porLiuns are called Provi- 
dence Bay, Mount Hope Bay, and Greenwich Bay. It is 
one of the finest hays in the United States, being always 
accessible, capacious, safe, and deep enough fur the largest 
vessels. 

Narragtjagus, p. o., Washington co.. Me.: on E. bank 
of Narraguagus r., 96 m. E. by N. Augusta. 

NARRAGirAGtJS rlvcrimd bay, Washington co,, Mi\: rises 
in p'mds N. of town of Beddington, nms S. S. E. 35 m^ 
draining the towns of Beddington, Deblois, Clierryfield, and 
Millbridge, au'l empties into Narraguagus bay, which con- 
tains a numl»er of islands, has a good entrauce, and on the E. 
connects with Pleasant Bay. 

Naekows, p. o.. Pike couuty, Penn.: on Laxawason or., 
lis m. N. E. Uarrisburg. 

Naruows, p. o., Noddaway county, Mo. : 186 m. N. W. 
Jefferson City. 

NAr.itows, New York Harbor— the channel from New 
York Bay to the lower bay, 1 m. wide ; defended on Stateu 
Island side by Forts Richmond and Tompkins, and on Long 
Island side by Forts Hamilton and La Fayette. 

Nareows, p. o., Jefferson county, iV". 3'. .• 164 m. N. W. 
Albany. 

Narrowsbttrg, p. v., and sta., Sullivan county, K. Y. : on 
Delaware r., 93 m. 3. W, Albany ; sla. of Erie R. R., 132 m. 
from New York. Near N. are many tanneries, owing to 
the abundance of hemlnck. The scenery of the vicinity is 
very beautiful. The *' Narrows" of the Delaware r. are 
crossed by a wooden bridge having a span of 1S4 feet. 

Narrow Valley, p. o., Benton co., AUi. : 102 ra. N. N. E. 
Montgomery. 

NAsn county, 2^. Car: Situate toward the N. E., and 
contains 5S8 sq. m. Drained by Tar r. and it3 branches. 
Surface level; in some parts it is broken; soil in general 
fertile, and well adapted to grain. On the streams there ia 
much good land, and cotton is grown extcnsi\Tdy. Farms 
718; manuf. 24; dwell. 1.24S, and pop.— wh. 5.9T2, fr. col. 
629, si. 4,056- total 10.G57. Oipital : Nashville, PhUIc 
Works: Wilnungton and Weldon R. R., on its E. border. 

Nashotah lakes, Waukesha co., Wim: : these two small 
lakes present a most beautifHl appearance. On the E. 
bank of the N. lake is the Nashotah mission school, college, 
etc., of the Episcopal Chiirch. 

NAsm'ORT, p. v., Muskingum county, Ohio : on N. bank 
Licking r., and on tlie Ohio and Erie Canal, 37 m. E. by N. 
Columbus. 

NXsn's Ford, p. o., Russell co,, Yirg.: 247 m. W. S. W. 
Richmond. 

Nash's Strkam, JV. ITamft. : a short branch of XTpper 
Ainmonoosuck r., draining W. part of towns of Stratford 
and Northumberland. 

Nashua, t and p. v.," Hillsboro' co., iV: TTamp.: on W. 
side of Merriiiiac r., at confluence of Nashua r., 31 m. S. by E. 
Concord. The t. is bounded on the N. and W. by Nashua 
river, separating it IVom the town of Nashville, which, until 
1S42, with it formed the to^\-n of Nashua. Surfaeo of town is 
level on the E., uneven on the W. ; soil on the streams fer- 
tile. This town, formerly called Dunstable, was the first 
one settled in the S. part of New Hampshire, and suffered 
much by attacks from Indians. The v. is in the N. E. comer 
of the town, and is now a very important manufacturing 
village, deriving a great water-power from Nashua river, 
whirh in two miles falls 65 feet. In 1S22-3 the greater por- 
tion of the lands in the village and on the river up to the 
faUswas pureha.sed by the "Nashua Manufacturing Com- 
pany," which, with a capital of $300,000, commenced build- 
ing a dam, canal, and other works for factories. This com- 
pany now has a capital of $1 .000,000, anil 4 large mills man- 
ufacturing shirting and drills, printing cloths, and jeans, and 
sheetings. Whole number of spindles is 87,450; looms, 
1,089; male operatives, 150; females, 850. Those mills 
manufacture 13,000,000 yards of cloth yearly, usinij 10,000 

528 



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bnlrs of cntton, or 4.000.000 lb?., l.%0,000 lbs. stnroli. S.OOO 
gallons of sp< rm oil. $4,000 wrtrlli of loatlier, SoO conls w.xxl. 
The "Jackson Cn^nipany*' have 2 niillsi mnnufuolnrins shcct- 
tucTs ninl shirling:s, using yearly 4.6(>0 bnles of cotton, or 
1,800,000 lbs., 50.1IOO lbs, siiin-h, t'lc. The ini\ohlnc-.*hop, 
built by (he Nashua Company in 1S45. is occupicil by inan- 
ufacturors of sti-aui-engines. machinists' tools, lockn. guns, 
axes, etc., jiiul here several humlrcd nun arc tMuployctl. 
The ''Nashua Iron Company,'' cHtaMishcd in 1S4S. have a 
capital of :f 100,000. and employ GO men; tlu-y use 3.500 tons 
coal yearly; their .<nft?s are $175.ii00. Baldwin's factory of 
shuttles and spiwit l>obbins employs 120 men ; yearly sales. 
$lOO.<)Oti. Therv: are other Inrjro factories, fvumdries of 
stoves, larjie iron ca.«tinirs, etc. Summary of N. cotton nmn- 
uractures: no. of spiniUcs, 49.094; looms, 1.4S3; mule ope- 
ratives, 240 ; females. 1.'200 ; yards mnnuracturcd. 18,000.000 ; 
capital invested. $1.4S0,000. The total capital invested in 
factories in N. is about $2,000,000; male op^-ratSvcs, 1,000; 
females, l..^O0. The Nashua and -lacksou Ci>mpanics each 
Imve n savings institution for tlicir employees. Four rail- 
roads connect N. with the largo towns mijaeenl, viz., I.owoll 
and Nashua, Worcester and Nashua, Nashua and Wilton, 
and Concord K. K. There are 2 banks, capital $'22rM'0ii. 
and T churches. Three newspapers are published weekly: 
* "N. 11. Telegraph" (wliig), " N. Gazette" (dem.), "The 
Oasis" tlit.) Pop. 5,S20. 

NASnrA river, X Hump, and ^f^us.: rises in Worcester 
CO., JAma, being formed by 2 branches uniting in Lancas- 
* ter, flows chiefly in a N. N. E. course, and empties into 

Merrimac r.. at Nashua, JV' Ihimp. 

NASimi.i.FT p. v., Lee co., Ta, : on the W. bank of Mis- 
sissippi r., SO m. S. by K. Iowa City. 

Nasuvili.k, p. v.. and cap. Washington cp.y lU.: at the 
beads of Little Crooked creek of Illinois r., 102 m. S. by K. 
Springfield. It contains a courl-housc, several stores, and 
about 40 dwellings. 

N.vsnviLLE, p. v., and cap. Brown co., Ind, ; SO m. S. by W. 
Indianapolis. 

N.vsirvrLLE, p. v., Lo\\'ndes co., J/»a: on the N. bank 
of Tombigbee r., at junction of Kincadcs cr., 1'2C m. N. E. 
Jackson. 

Nashville, p. v., Boone Co., Mo. : on N. side of Missouri 
river, 24 m. N. N. W. Jefferson City. 

NAR^^^LLE, t., p. v., and sta.. Ilillsbomugh co., A1 Hump. : 
on W. side Merrimac r., and N. side of Nashua r. The v., 
In S. E. part of t., is connected with Nashua village, nud 
contains numerous factories. Pop. 8,122. 

Nashville, p. o., Chautauque co\mty. A' T. : 270 m. W. 
Albany. 

Nashtillk, p. v., and cap. Nash co., 2r. Car. : on S. side 
Stony cr. of Tar r.. 80 m. N. E. Raleigh. 

Nashville, p. v., Holmes county, Ohio: 41 m. N. E. 
Columbus. 

Nasuxtllt:, p. cily, port of entry, and cap. Davidson co., 
^ T. »n., and cap. of the State of Teimesseo : on the left bank 

of tlie Cumberland river, 120 m. above its entrance into the 
Ohio, and at the head of steamboat navigation thereof. 
Lat. 360 09' S8", and long. 860 49- 03"— 714^ m. W. by S. 
Washington. The city is built on an elevated blufl' of lime- 
stone, and on every side presents to the approaching ir.iv- 
elcr an imposing appearance. From CajMlol Hill, within 
be city, a more interesting socne is sehloni witnessed. 
Covering the base of the hill, and crowding to the extremcst 
margin of the business-laden Cumberland, Is the city itself, 
its streets alive with the bustle of an active commerce, and 
^ Its suburbs literally growing under the eye of the spectator. 

^ Summnding it with a bordt-r of be.iutiftU cultivation, lie 

extensive and valuable farms, intersected by numerous turn- 
pikes, which, centering in the city, radiate to opposite neigh- 
borhoods; and in every direction is seen the railroad, com- 
plete and incornplote. which will open outlets to one of the 
richest agrieultiiral and mining regions of the great West ; 
and fiprdinir in all to a quiet security, rise a range of low 
CM 



and pleasant hills, partly covered with natl\o cedars, and 
uiionied with gracefld d\*ellings. But il is not altogether 
the natural beauties of the locality that allnict the traveler^ 
attention : the country for miles aromui is rich in soil and 
' rnhouuding in minerals, yielding to industry a cotniK'iisatory 
reward, and l*> commerce materia! of no mean valuation. 

Nashville was laiil out at the latter part of the last century, 
but nUhough always a place of some consideration, the tido 
of its prosperity rose slowly until within the last half tho 
term of its existence. In 1S80 it contained only5,5CG inhab- 
itants, and oven in IS-IO only 6,929. In 1^50 iis popuhitiou 
had increased to 10,47?, or in the ratio of rd.2 per cent, in 
the deea<Ie between 1S40 an<l 1^51*. Its eommerce has 
increased in even a larger proportion, owing to the exteul 
of roatlS having been multiplied, aiut to the iinproveraenta 
in the navigation of the river. The tonn:\ge owned in tho 
district of which Nashville is the port amounted in \^5(* to 
8,797 tons, all comprised in steamers, some of lliem mngnifl- 
cent passenger boats, navigating the Cnndierland and its 
tribut!iries, or sailing between Nashville and the ports of tho 
Ohio river. The railroads centering here are the Nashville 
and Chattanooga K. K., extending in a S. K. direction to 
Chatianonga, on the Tennessee river, where il eotmeels with 
the railroads to Charleston and Savannah, the (lislancefVom 
Nasliville to the first being .'>99 m.. and to tlie latter .')S:i m.; I 1 
tho New Orleans and Nashville 11. It., extending S. W. ia 
the direction of the flrst nameil place; the Memphis and 
Nashville R. II. ; the Nashville ami Paris U. R. ; the Nash- 
ville and Ilendersnn It. Tt. ; the Louisville :md Nashville 
Railroad, and the Lexington and Nashville XI. U. Of theso 
several lines only the first is comi>leted, but m*>st of tho 
others are progressing, or under contract to bo built forth- 
with, and the whole system will probably he in operation in 
three or four years fVom the 1st Jan.. IS-'i^. These, when 
completed, will connect tliis commercial centre with every 
part of the Union— with the Cult", the Ohio and Mi'*sissippl, 
the great lakes, and the Atlantic, from Maine t.» Florida — 
and uuike il one of the most important roeeiving and dis- 
tributing dep6ls of the internal commerce of tho central 
valley. 

The city was originally laid out on a plot of 200 acres, but 
U has long since Overstepped the limits its pnijectors a.*ssigned 
to it, and hence suburbs aimost equal in extent and popula- 
tion to the city proper have grown up around it. The city 
has a handsome public squiuv. on which stands the county 
court-house, market-house, etc. The court-house is a 
splendid buihiing, 100 feet in (Vont by 63 feet deep, with 
basement and two stories, surmounted by a dome, the top 
of which is 90 feet flpom the ground, and supporletl by eight 
Ionic columns; the m;irkel-house is also a spacious and 
sul»stantial edifice, a portion of which is occupied as a city 
hall and clerk's office. Tho other public buildings are the 
State-house, tho ITniverelty, the Lunatic Asylum, the Stato 
Prison. 12 or 14 churches of various denominations, numer- 
ous schools :\gd academies, 8 banks (capital $8,t^»,500), etc 
The State-house is located on one of the highest eminences of 
the city. Il was built about 10 years agi>, on a four acre plot, 
presented by the city to the State, and Is a noble edifice, 
towering above the place, and serving as a landnnu-k for 
miles around, being the flrst object descried by tho ai>. 
proachiug traveler. Il has sp,icious halts for the legislature, 
and other convenient offices. Tho Lunatic Asylum is a 
large and conmiodious building, three stories high, and will 
accommodate 100 patients. Tho Penitentiary or Stato 
Prison is located in tho western suburbs, and h.is a front of 
810 feet, and is S50 feet deep. It has apartments for tho 
keeper, an lu>spital. ginmi-room. and cells for 200 convicts 
The Halls of the Tniverslty were founded in ISOft. Tho 
main building Is 200 feet long and 50 feel deep, three stories 
high, with wings, and an extensive building used as a 
chemical laboratory. All the collegt.'- buildings, except tho 
president's house, are within the college campus, an area 
of S acres. In 1S50 il had 7 professors ;uid 7o sludeui^ and 



NAS 



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its lib nry contained li',*207 volumes. Tlie numl>cT uf its 
alumiii :it lliat <l:il(* was 3£)S. The uiediciil JL-parUut-'nt had 
7 professors. Near Nasliville is alHO rraiikUn College, 
fonnded in 1S45, and which, in iSoO, had 5 professors, 26 
alumni, SO students, and a library of 3,000 vuiunics. Many 
of the churches are large and elegant slnu-tures ; the Epis- 
copal church is a magnificent Golhie building, and tlie 
school-houses, of which there are many, are in general neat 
and commodious. Nashville is the see of a Koman Catholic 
diocese of the same name, and there arc witlilu the city 
efficient Catholic srlmols for both boys ;i»d girls. 

The uow.'^paper and periodical press of tlie city consists 
of 5 daily and 7 weekly papers, and '2 monthly periodicals. 
The dailies are the '• American'' (dem.), the ''Gazette" 
(nentr.'d), the " P,epul)lican Banner'" (whig), the "Evening 
Ecp))rU;r" (neutral), and the " N. Union" (deni.) ; the week- 
lies, tlic ""Weslern Christian Advocate" (Metli.), the ''Ten- 
nessee Organ" (temp.), the "Presbyterian lU-curd"' (relig.), 
the "Gazette," an edition of the daily, the "Tennessee 
Baptist" (relig.), the "True Whig," and the " "West Tennes- 
see Whig;" antl the monthlies are the "Christian Maga- 
zine" (Campbelli(e) and the "Sunday Seluiol Companion." 

No town in liu- great valley of the Wosteiijoys in a greater 
degree the blessings of health. Situate in about dCP N. lat., 
it possesses a temperate climate, and from its local position 
!t !s free from fevers wliich characterize many of the western 
cities, particularly such as arc situated upon water courses. 
It is true that a small portion of Nashville, at the upper and 
lower en<l8, are in times of high flood inundated ; but these 
inundations couliuuc but a few d-iyB, and sometimes at 
Intervals of several years, and produce no injurious effect 
Upoa the salubrity of the town. Although the summer heats 
are occasionally op[iressive, the winters are mild and mod- 
erate, with none of the severe cold of the northern and 
eastern .-^t.ates, nor the relaxing heats of the south. It is a 
climate, indeed, preferable iu many respects to all others, 
and here and in the vicinity it is seldom necessary to house 
cattle, even iu the coldest winters. Iu summer thousands 
flock to the city to escape from the malarial influences of 
Uie lower regions of the country. 

About liJ or 14 m. to the N. E. of the city is the Ilerniit- 
Bgc, the homestead of the late Andrew Jackson, President 
of the United States. In this secluded nir.al abode the last 
days of that great patriot were passeii, and here, on the 8th 
June, 1S40, at the patriarchal age of 70, died Ike illustrious 
statesman and warrior. 

N.\^iiviLy.E, p. v., Milam co., TVj. ; on W. side of Brazos 
river, 2 m. below the confluence of Little r., 70 m. N. E. by E. 
Austin City ; formerly called Viesca. It has one of the most 
delightful situations in Texas, an abundance of excellent 
water, and is vei7 healthy. 
Nasonville, p. 0., Providence co., li. L 
NASSAr,~p. v., Lee co., la. : on a bank of Des Moines r., 
near its mouth, S6 m. S. by E. Iowa City. 

Nassau, t. and p. v., Eensselaer co., X. Y. : 12 m. S. E. 
Albany. Surfaceoft. hilly ; soil gravelly loam-^well drained 
by Kinderhook cr. and its branches, and eonlauis several 
mills, factories, and tanneries. Pop. of t. 3,261. 

Nassau river, N:issau co., Floi;: rises in W. part of co., 
flows E., widens into Nassau inlet, and empties into At- 
lantic Ocean. 

NATcnAUG river, Windham county, Co?m. : is the main 
Brancli of Shctucket r., rises in Woodstock and Union, and 
flows S. S. W. to its confluence in Mansfield with the 
Shot lick eL 

Natchez, p. city, port, and cap. Adams co., Miss. : on E. 
bank of Mississippi r., S7 m. S. W. by W. Jackson. Lat.N. 
313 a4', long. W. 9P 2-1' 42". This is the principal city in 
Missis-tippi, its importance arising from its being the dci)6t 
of cotton from the fine lands .around it and in the hiterior, 
and being also the main entrepSt of the internal commerce 
of the State. By the river it is 309 m. from New-Orleans, 
but in a direct line 127 m. N. W. by N. A part of the city 



Is built at the landing on the margin of the river, but thia 
chiefly cont^isla of warehouses, stores, etc.. while the larger 
and more agreeable portion is on a bluff, 200 feet above the 
level of the river. This part, though uneven in surface, is 
regularly laid out with broad streets, erossirig at right angles. 
Many of tlie huusts, thou;;h built plainly of woud, present 
an elegant api)earanee, having piazzits and baltonies, sur- 
rounded with trees, beautiful shrubbery, etc. Its elevated 
site affurd.s a flue view of the river and vicinity. It contains 
the court-house and jail, a hospital, orphan asylum, acade- 
mies, several churches, etc. Here are oil-mills, manufac- 
turing oil from collou-scetl. Two newspapers, tlic " N. 
Courier" (whig), and '^N. Free Trader" (dem.), are each 
published semi-weekly and weekly. P(»p. 4,VM. 

Natcukz, p. v., Martin co., Jrui.: So ni. S, S. W. by S. 
Indianapolis. 

NATcmiocnEs parish, La. Situate N. W., and eontaioa 
2.257 sq. m. Drained by Ked r., which jjasscs througli its 
centre. Old r., a branch of lit-d r., and Black lake, Cedar 
and Sable creeks, with other streams. Surface level, and 
much diversified with lakes; soil varied— on the streams 
being fertile, and well adapted to grain, cotton, and Indiati 
corn, but a large portion of the land is sterile and covered 
with forest timber. Farms S42 ; manuf. 9 ; dwell. 1,432, and 
pop.— wh. 5,4Gti, fr. col. bSl, si. 7,854— total 14,-201. Cn-p- 
■ital: Natchitoches. Pii,hUc Works: NewOrleans, Opelou- 
sas, and Great Western E. li. 

NATcmTociua, p. v., and cap. Natchitoches, i)ar.. La.: 
on W. side of Ked r., 143 m. N. W. Baton Koug.-, hand- 
somely situated at the foot of a bluff. It is a very old town, 
having been settled by llie French in 1717. The present 
population is a mixture of American, French, and Spanish. 
It has considerable trade, and is a growing place. Contains 
a court-house and jail, an U. S. land ofllce, several churches 
and academies. The " N. Chrouiclu" (dem.), is published 
weekly. 

Natuan's Creek, p. o., Ashe county, K Car. : 1G3 m. 
W. N. W. Kak-igh. 

Natiiansvilli:, p. v., Conecuh co., Ala. : on the S. side 
of Conecuh r., at the confluence of Murder and Burnt Cora 
creeks, 99 m. S. S. W. by "W. Montgomery. 

Natiok, t., p. v., and sta.', Middlesex co., Mass.: IG m. 
W. S. W. Boston. Brained by Charles river, and having 
within its limits several small lake.-^. The Boston and 
Worcester Pv. E. passes through the v. 17J m. from Boston. 
In 1660, the Eev. Mr. Elliott here founded an Indian mis- 
sionary settlement, which flourished under a succession of 
native and English ministers for many years. Considerable 
manufacturing is now done in this t. Pop. 2,944. 

Natick, p. v., Kent co., li. L, : on N. bank of Pawtuxct r., 
10 ro. S. W. Providence : has several factories. 

Nation Ford, p. o. and sta., York dist., ^S'. Car.: S. side 
Catawba r., 63 m. N. Columbia, on Charlotte and South 
Carolina R. li. 

NATtTKAL Beidge, p. V., Jcffcrson CO., K, Y.: 136 m. 
N. W. Albany, on Indian river, which is here crossed by a 
natural hridgs 6 feet above the water, and 15 feet wide. 

Natueal Beidgb, p. o., Rockbridge co., Virfj. : near the 
Natural Bridge of limestone rock over Cedar creek, near ita 
junction with James river, 120 m. W. llichmnnd. This 
bridge is justly regarded as one of the greatest natural 
curiosities in the world. It is of stupendous size, as is evi- 
dent from the A)llowing statement: The height of its top 
from the creek is 215 feet; the chasm spanned 90 feet wide 
at the lop, and 50 feet at the bottom ; the average width of 
the arch is SO feet, its thickness is D5 feet. It is covered 
with a stratum of clayey earth, from 4 to 6 feet deep, and has 
on each sirle a natural parajjct of rocks, trees, etc. The 
view from the top or from the creek is awfully grand. The 
bridge is most u-^eful, there being no other crossing place 
po^ible for several miles above or below. 

Natueal Canal, in Canton t., St, Lawrence co., N. Y.: 
is a creek which connects Oswegatchie and Grape rivers,' 

525 



NAT 



NEB 



6 m. long, very straight, 10 to 20 rods wide, and navigable 
at high water for bouts of 10 tons burden. 

Natural Dam, p. o., Crawford co., Ark. : on Lees creek, 
UT m. W. N. W. LitUe Eock. 

Natdeal Grove, p. o., WilHamsburg diat, S. Car. : 73 m. 
E. S. E. Columbia. 

N AUGATtcK river, Comi. : the creeks f irming this import- 
ant mill stream rise in N. part of Lit-hfleld co,, and unite 
to Torrin^ton, whence it flows S. 35 ra. affordinj; watur- 
power to numerous factories on its baaka, and empties at 
Dcrljy into Housatonic river. 

Naugatitck, t., p. v., and sla., New Haven oo.. Conn. : 
on Kaugatuck r., 25 m. S. W. Hartford, 15 m. N. N. W. 
New Haven. Surface of town uneven; soil good on the 
river. The v. is principally located on its W. bank, and 
contains numerous factories. The Naugatuck R. K. passes 
through the v. 2T m. from Bridgeport. Pop. 1.7'20. 

Kau.neksiia river, Win:: a small affluent of "W. branch 
of Eock r., flowing from Dane co. into Dodge co. 

Nacvoo, t. and p. v., Hancock co., III. : on E. bank of 
Mississippi r., 103 m. N. W. by W. Springfield. Surface of L 
is elevated, and commands a fine view of the r. and vicinity. 
Tliis t, is famous as having been for several years (from IS-iO 
to June, 1S44) the settlement of the " Latter Day Saints," or 
'* Mormons," who here erected some fine buildings. This 
property is now occupied by a colony of French Com- 
munists or Icarians, under the direction of Moris. Cabet. 
The large temple was burned in Oct., 1S4S, set on fire by an 
Incendiary. 

NArvoo, p. 0., Tioga co., Penn.: 110 m. N. by W. 
Horrisburg. 

Navarino, p. 0., Onondaga co., K. T. : 134 ra. W. by N. 
Albany. 

Navaerk, p. v., Dea Moines co., la.: 53 m. E. S. E. 
Iowa City, N. of Flint creek, and drained by a branch of it. 

Navarre, p. v., Stark county, Ohio: 92 miles E. N. E. 
Columbus, on the Ohio and Erie CauaJ, and E. side of 
Chippewa river. 



Navarro county, Tex. Situate toward the N., and contains 
about 3.800 sq. m. Drained by branches of Trinity, which 
forma its S. E. boundary, and by affluents of the Rio Brazos, 
which flojvs on its W. border. Surface undulating; soil a 
fine, deep, vegetable mold, with sand and clay intermixed, 
and very fertile, especially on tlie streams, where it produces 
in abundance cotton and corn. It is also favorable to Iho 
growth of n*uit, oranges, lemons, citrons, peaches, etc., yield* 
ing well. It has some excellent timber land, and much fine 
pasture for cattle. Fine beds of iron ore are found, and 
limestone and ft-eestone are extensive formations. Farms 
304 ; manuf. 13 ; dwell. 5TG, and pop.— wb. 3,444, ft. col. 11, 
si. 3SS— total 3,&43. Capital: Corslcana, 

Navabro, p. 0., Leon co., Tex. : I2y m. N. E. by E. Auatiu 
City. 

Navasota river, Tex. : its source is in Limc-Stone county, 
draining also Leon, Robertson, Grimes, and Brazos counties, 
emptying iato the Br;izos r. opposite tlio v. of Washington. 
Its current is not rapid, and is navigable for keel boats for 
30 to 40 m. from its mouth. This is a clear and beautiful 
stream of wholesome water. 

Natioad river, Tex. : rises in Fayette co., draining its S. 
part, fiows S. and S. W. through Lavaca and Jackson 
counties, and empties into Lavaca r. 10 ra, from Lavaca 
bay. It is navigable as far as Texana for eteamboata. Its 
waters arc clear, pure, and wholesome. 

Natlor's Store, p. o., St, Charles co.^ Mo.: 79 m. E. bylf. 
Jefferson City. 

Nazareth, p. o., Northampton co., Penn. : S7 m. E. N. E, 
Harrisburg. 

Neasiiob, p. v., and cap. Newton co., Mo. : S. side of 
Neh-hah r., 165 m. 3. W. Jefferson City. 

Neatsvillb, p. v., Adair county, Ky. : 06 m. S. by W. 
Frankfort. 

Nebo, p. 0., Hopkins county, K]/.: 156 m. "W. S. "W. 
Frankfort. 

Nebo, p. o., Jefferson county, Ohio: 120 m. E. by N. 
Columbus. 



THE TERRITORY OF NEBRASKA. 

Nebraska is an unorganized Territory of the TTnited States, occupying all the country below the parallel of 43^ north 
latitude to the north boundaries of the Indian Territory, the State of Texas, and the Territory of New Mexico, and extend- 
ing east and west between the Rocky Mountains, bordering Oregon and Utah Territories, and the western line of the 
States of Iowa and Missouri. The area of this immense region is estimated at 136,700 square mile.s. 

Across this Territory fiow several of the great rivers of the Continent — the Nebraska, or Platte, from which the Territory 
takes its name, the Kansas and its wide-spreading tributaries, the Arkansas, etc. The Missouri River forms a great part 
of its eastern boundary, and is the common recipient of the rivers above named, except the Arkansas, The Nebraska 
rises by two forks in the Rocky Mountains, and these uniting in latitude 41° 05' 05" N., and longitude lOP 21' 24" W., flow 
in a united stream to a confluence with the Missouri, in latitude 41° 03' 13" N., or about 620 miles above the entrance 
of the latter into the Mississippi, and 52 miles below Council Bluffs. It has few tributaries, and none of any great size; 
the principal are Elkhorn River, Loup Fork, and Wood River on the north, and Saline River on the south. It is from 
one to three miles broad, and so shallow, that, excepting in high flood, it is fordable in almost any part. It is full of 
islands covered with cotton wood, willows, and shrubs, and the shifting «ands in its bed, together with the rapidity of its 
current, effectually prevent navigation. Colonel Long estimates that only 40 miles of its lower course are open to steam- 
boat navigation. The north fork of the river rises in the same region as the Colorado of the West, about 40° 30' N., and 
having received Sweet-water River and other aflluenfs in its course northward, breaks through the main range of the 
Rocky Mi»iml;iin8, anrl flows thence in a direction E. S. K., and the South Fork rises near the sources of the Arkans.is, 
and flows v.. N. E. to the junction. The great emigrant* route to Oregon, Utah, and California, follows this river and its 
North Fork— the Fremont route of 1843 takes the South Fork. The Kansas River meets the Missouri in 39° 06' 03" north 
latitude, and 94° 32' 54" west longitude, nearly equidlst^tnt between Fort Leavenworth and Independence. It is naviga- 
ble for steamboats for 150 miles from its mouth, and its width at its entrance into the Missouri i** 340 yards. The sources 
of this river are near the eastern base of the Rocky Mountains, between the Nebraska and Arkansas, and the distanca 
between its twoYorks— the Republican and Smoky Hill forks— is at least 120 miles through the greater part of their 
course, liepublican Fork rises in a considerable lake in latitude 39° 52', and longitude 103° 80', and Smoky Hill Fork 
rises in the mountain region eastward of the South Park ; the junction is ma<lc near the meridian of 96° 80'. These, as well 
as the main stream, receive numerous targe tributiiries, whicli drain at least one half the Terril^iry. The Arkansas rises to 
the snuih of South Park and Pike's Peak, near the sources of the Rio Grande del Norte, and has a general east course, 
forming in part the north boundary of the Indian Territory, and then taking a course to the south-east, it passes through 



* For n minute description of thin roiiU*, tlie reader is referred to " Horn's Orerland Guide to California," publislied by J. H. ColUm, No. 86 
Cedar. Btre.*!. New York, 1853. Eefer, also, to Fremont'o Reports 

626 



NEB 



NEL 



that country to the Mississippi, which it strikes on Ihr i>;iralli;l of 33^ 40'. and is navigable lor aleamboals 603 miles from 
its confluence. This river was formerly the bouiniary betwx-en the Mexican Kepublie an-l tlie Uiiitei! States, westward 
of the luOth meridian ; hut by the recent changes in the political divisions of the couolry, the whole length from that point 
has been thrown into the present Territory of Nebraska. 

The whole of this country is yet in its primitive wihlemess state. Little or nothing is known of ite toposjraphy, and the 
delineations on maps are but the isolated reminiscences of travelers and traders. The red man still mams over its prairies 
and mountains in quest of game and plunder; and as the ocean to the sea-farer, so its wilderness to the emigrant, it ia 
only traversed sls the highway to countries beyond its limits. The great features of the Terrilory, however, are known ; 
in the east it is chiefly prairie, and in the west are the outliers of the Kocky Mountains, which rise up in arandeur and 
majesty, forming the water-shed between the mighty rivers that drain the western portion of the Central Valley and the 
Pacific slope of the Continent, The central portions are unprofitable, irreclaimable wilderness, willi scarcely an oasis to 
relieve the monotony of its dreariness ; it is the great American Desert, in crossing which the way-fari^r has more to dread 
than the mariner that dares the deep, not only on account of the inhnspitable character of the connlry. but alsn from .the 
hostilities of the native savages besetting his path and seeking his destruction. Thousands have perished under the rifle 
and tomahawk, and at every step the grave of some unfortunate gives warning of dangers to be av<»i<led. or tells of the 
6U(Terings endured by the hardy men whose tracks are the tide-marks of empire flowing to its western destination. 

Nebraska, witli the exception of a small strip on its S'luthern border, south of the Arkansas, was a portion of the 
Louisiana purchase, and came into the possession of the United Stales in 1S03. It has never received as yet any white 
settlers, except those engaged in the service of the United States as Indian agents and military occupants, or missionaries 
of the several Christian denominations. Fort Leavenworth and Council Bluffs are within this Terrilory — the first a 
military station, established for the surveillance of the Indians, and the latter an Indian agency. But it is now proposed 
to organize the Territory, and prepare it for the emigrant. Fur this purpose, a bill was introduced into Congress as early 
as 1845, but was not acted upon ; and another bill was brought fnrward in 1853, with the like result. The day, however, 
is not far distant when the white settlements will break through their present limits, the Indian be driven back, and the 
portions of the country in the immediate Valley of the Missouri be opened to the enterprising pioneer. Whither will 
the Indian retreat, and what his destiny before the tide of civilization ? The past and present will answer for the future. 



Nebraska, p. o., Crawford county, hid. : on the Ohio r., 
115 m. S. by W. IndianapuHs. 

Nehraska river: a large tributary of the Missouri. {See 
the ** Tkp^itory of Nebraska.") 

Nkche's SAT.tsE, p. o., Smith eo., Tex. : on the W. side of 
Neche's r.. 190 m. N. E. Austin City. Salt is here manufac- 
tured in large quantities. 

Nechk'8 river, Teco. : its source is in Vansandt co., and 
drains Smitli, Henderson, Anderson, Cherokee, Houston, 
Angelina, Trinity, Tyler, Jasper, and Jefferson counties, 
emptying into Sabine lake 208 m. from its source in a direct 
line, and 255 m. in its meandcrings. It is navigable by flat 
boats 1 00 m.. and by steamboats nearly as far from its mouth. 

Necot, p. v., Linn eo., Ta. : 2S m. N. Iowa City. 

Neeuuau, 1. and p. v.. Norftilk co., J/i/w. .- 8 m. S. "W. 
Boston. Drained by Charles r., on the N. E. and S. aff'tird- 
ing 2 waterfalls, which are improved for manufacturing. 
At each fall there is a thriving v. The t is diversified by 
hills and plains, well watered, with good soil, and the en- 
circling river gives beanly to the scenery. There is a dep6t 
of tlie Boston and Worcester R. R. at W. Needham, 15 m. 
from Boston. Pop. of 1. 1.944. 

Keel's Creek, p. o., Jefferson co., Itid. .-^SO m. S. E. by 8. 
Indianapolis. 

Neelysville, p. 0., Morgan eo., Ohio: 63 m. E. S. E. 
Columbus. 

Neekah, t. and p. v., Winnebago co., Wise. : at outlet of 
Winnebago lake, 9G m. N. N. E. Madison ; is a fine growing 
town. Pop. of 1. 1.520. 

Neenah river. Wim. : this important navigable river is 
formed near Fort Winnebago, Columbia C-.unty. by the 
Junction of its head branches, which rise in flie N. E. part 
of the county. At this point it is disUmt only 1} m- fr-'in 
Wisconsin r. The natural advantages thus presented to 
form a <-onlinuous route of steamboat navigation from tlie 
lakes through the Wi^eon'^in river with the Mississippi, have 
been improved by the Portage Canal Company, who are 
here constnicting a can.al between the rivers. From Fort 
Winnebago the Neenah flows N. ; in Mnrquette county it 
widens into Buffalo lake, whence, flowing with smaller 
streams in a S. E. direetion for five miles, it again expands 
into Puckawa lake ; thence its course is N. E. into the centre 
of Winnebago county, where it again expands into a lake 
called Oreat Butte des Morts (meaning Great WU ofth^. 
Detid. from the Indian mounds supposed to contain dead 
bodies), and thence flows S. E. into Lake Winnebago at 



Oshkosh, of which it is the outlet, into Green Bay by a N. E. 
course. In its descent it falls about IGU feet, chiefly by a 
succession of rapids, of whieli the most important are at the 
Grand Chute, a descent of 29 feet in 8,525; at the Little 
Chute, 31 feet in 9.200; at the Grand Kakalin, 44 feet in 
S,600. The estimated cost of rendering these rapids navi* 
gable is .foOO.OOO. The splendid water-powers which these 
rapids afford are being improved by Eastern capitalists. 

NEEi'EESKrsK lake. Wise. : lies 12 m. W. Winnebago lake, 
in Winnebago and Fond du Lac counties, and has a N. 
outlet into Neenah river. 

NEEBS\nLLE, p. v., LoudoH CO., Vifi/. : 105 m. N. N. W. 
Richmond. 

Neffsvillk, p. v., Lancaster co., Penn. : 32 m. E. S. E. 
Harrisburg, 4 m. N. Lancaster. 

Negko Foot, p. o., Hanover co., Virg. : 18 ra. W, N. W. 
Richmond. 

Nefiamico. p. 0., Russell co., Ahi. : 60 m. E. Montgomery. 

Neill's Ckeek, p. o., Cumberland co., A^. Car. : on a cr. 
so calletl of Cape Fear r., 24 m. S. Raleigh. 

Nekama, p. v., Winnebago co., Wise: on W. side of 
Winnebago lake, 75 m. N. n1 E. Madison. Pop. of t. 910. 

Nelson county, A>. Situate centrally, and contains 357 
srj. m. Drained by Rolling and Beech forks of Salt r., and 
llieir affluents. Surface level; soil fertile, and ad.ipted to 
the eullure of grain. On the streams the land is rich, and 
Iiroduces in abundance wheat, Indian corn, and olher grain, 
whicli lorm the stiiples. The sugar-cane is cultivated. Farms 
S44; maniif. 52; dwell. 1,613, and pop.— wh. 9.550, fr. col. 
109, si. 5,130— total 14,789. Capital: Bardstown. 

Nelson county, Virff. Situ.ate centrally, and contains 433 
sq. m. Drained by Rock. Kock-fish. and Tye rivers. Sur- 
face uneven and liilly ; in parts mountainous ; soil in gen- 
eral fertile, and produces abundantly wheat, Indian com, 
and tobacco. In the N. W. portion lies the Blue Ridge. 
Farms 638; manuf. 70; dwell. 1.217, and pop.— wh. 6,478, 
fr. col. 139, 8l. 6,142— total 12.75S. Capital: Covington. 
Piihlic Woi-ls: James River an-1 Kanawha Canal ; and it 
is propos<'d to extend the Orange and Alexandria E. K. • 
through the county to Lynehburg. 

NEI.B0N, t and p.o., t'he^hire co.. A^. ITamp.: 33 m.S.W. 
Concord. Surface elevated and hilly; contains four ponds, 
outlets from whieh are branches of Ashuelot and Contooco^k 
rivers, and afford water-power to several mills. Popula- 
tion 751. 
I Nelson, t and p. o., Madison co., K Y. : 102 m.W. by N 

52T 



NEL 



NEW 



Albany. Surface uiuiXilating ; ■ 8f>il, clay and calcareous 
loam, and wt-II draincl. P<»p. 1,965. 

Nklson, t. and p. o., Portage county, Ohio : 110 m. N. E. 
Columbus, in N- K. corner of county. Drained by branches 
of Mahoning river. Soil fertile, adapted t» grain and grass. 
Pop. 1,333. 

Nelsoxport, p. o., Potter c6., Peniui 115 m. N. IS. W. 
Harrisburg. 

Nel&on's, p. o., Tioga county, Penn.; on N. side of 
Cowanesquc or., 118 m. N. by W. Uarrisburg. 

Neuson's Landing, p. o., Chippewa co.. Wise. : on E. bank 
of Mississippi r., at junciiun of Chippewa r., 167 m. W. "W". 
Madison. 

Nelson viLLK, p. v., Athens county, OJdo: on N. bank 
Hocking rivt-r, 53 m. S. E. Columbus. The Hocking Canal 
passes Ihrouifh it. 

Nenelau river, MicJu : rises in Alcona county, and flows 
N. E. through Alpena county into Thunder Bay river. 

Keosuo, p. v., Dodge county, Wise: 47 m. E. N. E. 
Madison. 

Nei'Erau, p. 0., "Westchester county^ 2^. Y. : 103 m. S. 
Albany. 

KEpEtrsKCN, p. o., "Winnebago co.. Wise : 84 m. E. N. E. 
Ma'iison. 

NEnu City, p. v., Juab co., Uta7L Ter. : 45 m. N. N. E. 
Fillmore Cily. 

Neiv'Nskt river, Mass.: draining Norfolk co., it empties 
Into Dorchester bay. It is navigable for 4 m. to Milton for 
vessels of 150 tons. 

Neponset Village, p. v. and sta., Norfolk co., Mass. : on 
the S. side of Neponset r., 5 m. S. Boston. There are sev- 
eral manufactories at the falls of the river. The Old Colony 
E. K. passes througii, oj i^ from Boston. 

Neptitte, p. v., Mercer co., Ohio : 90 m. N. "W. by W. 
Columbus, on a or. of St Mary's river. 

Nkko, p. o., Henderson county, Temi. : 96 m. E. S. E. 
Nashville. 

Nesaqcake river, Suffolk co., i^ T. : rises inSmithtown, 
runs N., dividing the t. into Long Island Sound, is ui^vigablc 
5 miles. 

Nescopeck, t. and p. v., Luzerne co., Peri n. : on the S."W. 
Bide of the Su!?quehanna r., 61 ra. N. N. E. Harrisbnrg. The 
surface is uneven, with good bottom-lands on the streams. 
The t. is drained by Big and Little Wapwollopen and Ncs- 
copeck creeks. Tlie v. is at the entrance of Nescopeck cr. 
into the Susquehanna, -which is here crossed by an expenmve 
roofed bridge. 1,256 feet long. 

Nescopeck mountain, Luzerne co., Pen7K : this mountain 
is parallel to ^y voming Mountain, 20 m. long, S50 feet high, 
and on N. side of Nescopeck cr. 

Neshaming river, Peim. : rises in Ililltown, Bucks co., and 
after a winding course of 35 m., chieOy S. E., empties into 
Delaware r., 8 m. below Bristol. 

NE^a^iOP.o, p. o., Marquette co., Wise. : 53 m. N. by E. 
Madison. 

Neshoba county, Miss. Situate E. centrally, and cnn- 
taiiis 57S sq. ra. Drained by Pearl r. and its branches, and 
other small streams. Surface level; soil, black calcareous 
mold, fertile, and adapted to cotton, which is the staple. 
Good crops of grain are raised, and tobacco is produced in 
some quantity. Farms 426; maiiuf. 0; dwell. 546, and 
pop.— -nh. 3,393, fr. col. 0, si. 1,335— total 4,723. Capiial: 
Philad'-Iphia. 

Nfxsquai,ly, p. 0., Lewis Co., Oreg. Ter.: on E. side of 
Puget Sound, 146 m. N. by E. Salem. This settlement ia 
mainly occupied by the " Puget's Sound Agricultural Com- 
pany,'' which supplies provisions to the Hudson Bay Compa- 
ny's employees W. of the mountains, and has here very ex- 
tensive and highly cultivated farms ; as also on the Cowlitz r. 

NESqeALLY river, Oreg. Tei\ : a considerable stream, 
emptying into a 9. estuary of Puget's Sound, flowing in due 
"W. course from its source in the mountains. 

Nbsql'kiioning, p. o., Carbon co., Pe/m. : on the S. side , 
D2d 



of Broad Mountain, 66 m. N. E. Harrisburg. Near by are 
extensive coal-mines. 

Nestokville, p. 0., Barbour co., Virg.: 174 ra. N W. 
Eichniond. 

Netuebland, p. 0., Overton co., Tenn. : 84 m. E. by N. 
Nashviile. 

Netuer Pko\t[dknce, I. and p. v., Delaware co., Pc?iii. : 
S3 m. E. by S. Harrisburg. Drained by llKlley cr. on the 
"W., and Cram cr. on its E. boundary, both emptying into 
the Delaware river. The surface is level ; soil rich and 
productive clay, and well tilled. It contains several mills 
and stores. 

N ETTLK Cakier, p. 0., Ovcrton co., Teim. : ■SO m. E. by N. 
Nasliville. 

Nettle Lake, p. o., "Williams co., Ohio: 140 m. N. W, 
Columbus. 

Neu^e river, y. Car,: rises in Person and Orange 
counties, flows in a course mainly E. by S., about 200 m., 
and empties by a broad estuary into Paudico Sound. 

Nevada county, Calif. Situate on E. line of State, in lat 
39^ 20', and chiefly occupied by the Sierra Nevada. Drained 
by numerous affluents of Yuba river, which ^uns on its N, 
border, and by Bear creek and N. fork of American river. 
Surface mountainous, with extensive valleys. Gold ia the 
chief product; bin there are many localities suitable for 
farms. Pop. 21,865, of which 8,266 are Indians, and 4,669 
foreigners. Caj/ital: Nevada City. 

Nevada, p. o., Greene county, Wise. : 83 m. S. by "W* 
Madison. 

Nevada Citt, p. v., and cap. Nevada co., Calif. : 117 m. 
N. E. Vallejo. Situate between Deer cr. and Barlow's creek 
of Yuba r. 

Neitirsink, t. and p. o., Sullivan co., X. Y. : 6S m. S. S. "W. 
Albany. Surface hilly and mountainous ; soil adapted to 
grazing. Drained by Nevcrsink r., Houndout and Beaver 
creeks. Pop. 2,2S1. 

Nevep.sus'k river, 2^. Y.: rises in N. "W. part of Ulster 
CO., runs S. through E, portion of Sullivan co.,and empties 
into Delaware r., at Port Jervis. Upon its banks are 
numerous tanneries and saw-mills. 

Neville, p. v., Clermont <:o.,0'^^' on Ohio r., 98 m, 
S. W. byS. Columbus. * - - ■ : 

Nevlv, p. o., Highland county, Ohio: 60 m. S. 8. "W" 
Cidumbus. 

Nevisink Highlands, Monmouth co., iP*. Jcr.: on the 
Atlantic coast, in t. of Middlotown, 3U0 to 400 feet high, 
covered with trees, are a well-known land-mark for sailors, 

Nevisink river, Monmouth co.^Jffl Jer. : flowing between 
towns of Middlotown aiul Shrewsbury, in N. E. direction, 
with wide esiuarf into Sandy Hook bay. 

Newaqoex cape, Me. : an island, extending below t of 
Booth!)oy into the sea, forming E. boundary of Sheepscot 
bay, 40 m. S. by E. A".:gusta. 

Newago eounty, Mich. Situate W. on the S. peninsula, 
and contains S64sq. m. Drained by Maskegon, White, and 
Notipicago rivers. Surface level; soil generally deep and 
fertile. Farms 0; manuf. 12; dwell. 92, and pop. — wh. 509, 
fr. col. 1— total 510. Capital: Newago. 

Newaqo, t. and p. o., Newago co., Mich. : 76 m. N. "Wi 
Lansing. Drained by Maskegon r. and its bmnchcs. 

NiTW Albany, p. v., Mahoning county, Ohio: on LittlB 
Beaver cr., 12S m. N. E. by E. Columbus. 

New Albany, p. city, and cap. Floyd CO., Ind.: on Ohio 
r., 100 m. S. by E. Indianapolis, 4 m. N. "W. Louisville* 
This city, which is now the largest in Ibo State, was laid 
out in 1S13. It is beautifully situated, has wide streets, 
paralh-l to the r., which are crosseil at right angles by others. 
The largest business is that of building and repairing steam* 
lioats and other vessels, ■which employ several Innnircd 
men. There are large iron foundries, machine s'hops, and 
fact/>ries. The New Albany and Salem li. 11. is now com- 
pleted to Juliet, C5 miles, and will be continued ti> Chicago. 
A brisk trade is ciirried on with the interior and the valleya 



NEAV 



of the Ohio and Mississippi. Tlic Stale Bank of Indiana 
has here a l.raueh. There are churehes and a ivceum. 
J he academies and schools are weU conduced, and much 
attention is generally given to-educalion. Two newspapers 
are puhhshc.l, each daily and neekly-the "Ledger- (dcm ) 
and " Eidletin" (whig). Pop. 9,785. 

New ALii,i.xT, p. v., Pontotoc co., JfTtis. : on TaUahatchee 

r., loi m. N. ti. E. .Jackson. 

New Alba,nt, Linn co., Oreg. Te,: See Aluasy, 0,rn 

New Albany, p. v., Bradford Co., Pen,,.. : 92 ra. N bv E 

Harrishurg. ^ ' 

New Albion, t. and p. o., Cattaraugas co., N. T. : 240 m 

Pop 1 L'^'""''"^'" ^"^ ^"' ^'- ^" ''■■^''■' ""'""«'' ""^ '°*-' 

New Albxanter, p. o., Columbiana co., Ohio: 125 m 
JS. E. by E, Columbus. 

New ALExANDniA, p. v., JelTerson county, Ohio ■ PI m 
E. by N. Columbus. 

New Ale.yasdkia, p. v., Westmoreland co., Penn.: on 
lUe E. side of Loyalhanna r., 1.30 m. W. Ilarrisbur" 

New Alsace, p. o., Dearborn county, I„a. : SO m. S. E 
Indianapolis. 

„,^lf 7,'^'-'^"-^»' P- "•. Cheshire co., .V. u„r„p. , on g. side 
of Cold r., 33 m. W. S. W. Concord. 

New A.M8TEnDAM, p. v., Harrison co., Incl. .- on Ohio r 
near mouth of Indian cr., 113 m. S. Indianapolis. 

New Antioce, p. v., Clinton county, Ohio; 64 m a W 
Columbus. ■ * 

Newark, p. v., New Castle co., Dd. : on the N. side of 
Chnsliana cr.. 8" m. N. N. W. Dover. The Philadelphia 
aijd lialtimore E. R. passes through the v., 40 m. from Phil- 
adelphia, and 5S m. from Baltimore. Is a pleasant village 
and he seat of Delaware College, founded 1S3S. In 1650 
It had 5 professors, 7S alumni. 3o students. 

Newark, p. v.. Linn county, la. : N. side Cedar r., 20 m 
N. by W. Iowa City. 

Newark, p. y. Kendall Co., I/l.- on the S. E. side of 
Fox r., 1 .36 m. N. N. E. 8pring(ieW. 

Newark, p. o., Warrick eo., /,„!. .- near Big Pigeon cr 
on line of Wabash and Erie Canal, 130 mUes S S W 
Indianapolis. 

Newark, p. t., Worcester county, Md.: on a creek of 
Smepuxent bay, S8 m. S. E. Annapolis. 

Newark, t. and p. v., liock county, Wi.^c. .■ 41 m. S by E 
Madison. Pop. 79S. 

Newark, p. v., Knox county, 3fo. : o.i N. side of South 
Fabius r., lijo m. N. Jeffet>*on City. 

NEWARK,t.,p.city.portofentry,andcap.Essexco.,iV:^ • 
on W. bank of Passaic r., 3 m. above its entrance inti New! 
arkBay,4Jm. N.E.Trenton,9m W. New York. Lat.4no«. 

^^T"'7:. ^''^ '' "■^' "™' populous and floit 
s nng place ,„ the State. It is pleasantly located on a fer- 
t,e plain, somewhat elevated above the river. In its W 
part the ground rises, affording line sites for residence. I 
|s regularly laid out with very broad and straighrs,r;els 
many o, whu-h are bordered with very large and lofty etas' 
peentiug a most beautiful appearance. Two spac tan 
publi parks are also well shaded by fine trees. It fs I gT 
ed wuh gas, and supplied by a company with pure water 
from a spring 2 m. distant, conveyed through Un it s 
The courl-house which occupies a commanding posi, o in 
bur',"'" ""■•'' =" ""Se and elegant bu,ldi„"o? 
brown freestone, ,n the Egyptian style of architecture. The 
ralroad dep6, is also a splendid structure of free,tone 
There are 30 churches, of which several are very fine peet 
mens o architecture ; and 3 literary associations- ha^Ti- 
braryof 3.000 volumes. The N. Wesleyan Institute" the 
principal seminary. Newark is very extensively engaged 
in manufacture,. The principal articles made are°he Ta- 
nous fabrics oflenthcr and India rubber, carriages, wtons 
radroad ears, machinery, jewelry, paptS hanging;, cutlery 
soap, candles, etc. The extensive paint faeto^ of Jhe N J 
Zinc Company daily manufactures ten tons of paint. The 



NEW 



commerce of N. is considerable and steadily increasing. The 
mer is navigable to this place for vessels of li-ht draft A 

na> igation , C,40b tons were in the coasting trade. Durin- 
he year en.ling June SOth, ISSO, there wc^e 11 lear.re's 

entrances from foreign countries (all foreign vessels) was 

$1,^00,0 capital. Three newspapers are published daily 
"Advertiser" (whig), "Mercury- (whig), "Ea^le- (dcm)' 
hvoweekly,"SentiueIofFreedom"(whig),.-lJg,ei(d:i^j 

NwYk^ "',■''■ ""'""^' ''""""'" '^"■""'"ni-tion with 
New lork, the trains running each way e>erv half hour 
V cry many persons doing business in New York have here 
heir permanent residences. The Morris Canal passes 
through the city. The Morris and Essex E. P.. here S 
nates, connecting with New Jersey E. P.. Pon in isan 
10,953 ; in 1S40, 17,290 ; in 1S50, SS,4 ''' ' 

nfnT w^',''- ''^t' ^='''"' <="■' ^ ^••- ™ ""^ Erie Canal, 
1 e m. W. by N. Albany. Contains several churches 
stores, and factories. '-uurcues, 

Newark, t,, p. v., and cap. licking co., 0/,!<,: situate at 
the confluence Of three principal branches of Licking r! 

C,.Z^\l/- ^.-/^'""f "*• «'"'> «-l>i^-h it is connected by the 
C tra Ohio U. E. It is also connected with Sandusky by 
ra Iroad, ami is a station of the Ohio and Erie Canal Be- 
sides a court-house and .jail, it contains several churches 
atid academies Three newspapers are published weeklv 
Advocate- (dem.), "Gazette" (whig), "Licking Herald" 
8 77S o7 ''""'"'' *™'-'''''='='^'J' eJilious. Pop of V. 

Newark, p. o., White county, Tcin.: 75 m. E. S E 
Nashville. 

Newark, t. and p. o., Caledonia CO., rm„. .• 45 m N E 
Pop- *«"■ ^""'"' ^^ '"''"' '™'"'' °^ P^-'^xraPsic' river.' 

Newark Valley, p. v., Tioga county, K Y. ■ I30 „, 
of 'ti'L^SS.^""""'' ™ ^' "''''^'' "■•' " '• "f ^''^^•"'^- !"»?• 

New AsnFORD, t and p. o., Berkshire Co., iK,«. , ] 10 „> 
W. by N. Boston. Drained by head branches of Green and 
Housatonie rivers. Surt-ace mountainous; soil adapted to 
grazing. Considerable attention is given to raising of sheep 
A variegated marble is quarried in this t. Pop o> t 1S6 

New Athens, p. v., Harrison co., Ohio: 104 m. E by'N 
Columbus Pop. SSI. Seat of Franklin College, founded 

;';„■ ," '.*""" '"'"' * professors, 90 alumni, SO students, 
2,200 vols, m library. 

New Atuess, p. v.. Clarion CO., Penn. ; 145 m W N W 
Harrishurg. * * 

New Babylon, p. o.. Paulding county, Ga. ■ 124 miles 
N. W. by W. MUledgevUle. 

New Baltijioee, t. and p. v., Oreeno 00., JK r • w 
side Hudson r., 15 m. S. Albany. Surface of t. hilly • soil 
clay and sandy loam, well drained. The v. has a convex 
nient steamboat landing, and contains some brick-vards. 
A ship canal from this place to Albany has been chartered 
by the legislature of 185.3. Pop. of t. 2,3S1. 

New B,vltimoee, p. v.. Stark co., 0/iio: 111 m. N E. 
Cohunbus. Drained by a creek of Cuyahoga river. 

New Balti.moke, p. v. Fauquier county, rii-o '• S7 m 
N. by W. liichmond. J ■ o, m. 

New Bavaria, p. o., Henry county, Ohio: los miles 
N. W. by N. Columbus. "* 

New Bedford, p. city, port of entry, and semi-cap 
Bristol CO., d/ass. : on W. bank of Acushnet r.. 4 m from ili 
entrance into Buzzar.l's bay, 61 m. 8. bv E. Boston T -ii 
N 410 33' 7": l„i;g. W. 70O ,,y49". The harbor is spkciout 
safe, and deep. The site of the city rises rapidly from (he 

£29 



NEW 



NEW 



river, and being thus built upon a bold elevation, regularly 
laid out, iind having many fine buildings, it presents a very 
counuamiing and beautiful appearance. The principal 
public buildings are the town hall, custom-house, court- 
house, and some handsome churches. The town hall, built 
of granite, 100 feet long, 61 feet wide, 3 stories high, at a 
cost of $00,000, is justly regarded as one of the handsomest 
town halls in New England. The custom-house, also of 
granite, presents a very fine appearance. Much attention 
is given to general education in the public schools. The 
Friends' academy for young ladies is a handsome structure, 
with beautiful grounds. The Social Library contains over 
4,000 volumes. Two newspapers are published daily: 
" Mercury" (whig) and " Evening Standaril ;" 3 weekly : 
" Mercury," " Standard," and " Whaleman's Shipping List ;" 
1 monthly: "Golden Age" (lit.). The New Bedford and 
Taunton IX. E. runs hence, 31 m. to Mansfield «6ta., on Bos- 
Um and Providence K. K. A steamboat plies daily to 
Nantuel;et. There are 4 banks (capital $1,900,000.) This 
is one of the wealthiest cities in America in proportion to its 
poinilation, and has derived its wealth mainly IVom the 
wh.ale fishery. At present two-thirds of the total tonnage 
of U. 9. vessels in the whale fishery belong to this ]iort. 
The principal business in the city is connected with the 
•whale fislieries, in receiving the oil and bone, and preparing 
tlicm for market. The quantity of sperm oil brought to the 
port in 1S49, was 46,838 barrels, whale oil 72,961 barrels, and 
whalebone 797,300 lbs. About 80 manufactories of oil and 
candles are in constant operation. The cooperage business 
employs a great number of hands. A very large steam 
cordage factory (capit.al .$60,000), manufactures 400 tons of 
cordage annually. Other large manufactories are devoted 
to making iron hoops, copper and Iron rivets, butt hinges, 
etc. Here also is a manufactory of Prussian-blue, and some 
print-works. Ship-building and repairing is carried on ex- 
tensively. The N. B. Hallway and Wharf Co. (cap. $50,000) 
use a marine railway at Iheir ship-yard, which is of much 
service in speedily raising small Tcssels to be repaired. On 
80th .June. ISSO, the total tonnage of New Bedford district 
was 127,960 tons, of which 119,026 were registered, and 
8,9.34 enrolled and licensed. Of the registered tonnage, 
116.SS2 tons were permanent, 2,144 temporary ; 96,420 tons 
were in the whale fishery. Of the enrolled and licensed 
tonnage, S,444 tons were permanent, 7,949 tons were in the 
coasting trade, 151 in tlie cod fishery, 344 in the mackerel 
fishery, 5S tons propelled by steam. The tonn.age licensed 
(under 20 tons) in the coasting trade was 263 tons ; in tlic cod 
fishery, 232 tons. LIuring the year ending .June 30th, 1S50, 
the number of clear.incc3 for foreign countries was 113— 
32,027 tons ; entrances from do. 134—38,154 tons. Vessels 
built, 2 ships and 2 schooners— 781 tons. Pop. in 1S30, 
7,592; in 1S40, 12,037; in 1860, 16,464. 

New Beofoed, p. v., Coshoctim county, Ohio : 70 m. 
N. E. by E. Columbus. 

New Bedforp, p. v., Lawrence county, Penn.: ne.ar the 
Ohio St:ite line, 196 m. W. N. W. Ilarrisburg. 

New Buklin, t. and p. v., Chenango co., M T. : on W. 
side of Unadilla r., S4 m. W. by S. Albany. Surface of t. 
undulating; soil moist day loam. The v. contains several 
churches, "mills, and factories. Pop. of t. 2,562. 

New Beelis, p. v.. Stark Co., Vkio : 100 m. N. E. by E. 
Columbus. 

New Bei:i.in, t., p. v., and cap. Union CO., Pm7l. : on the 
N. side of Penn's cr., 43 m. N. by W. HarrLsburg. It con- 
tains the court-house, jail, several stores and manufactories. 
Five newspapers are published weekly: the " Evangelical 
Messenger" (relig.), "Union Democrat" (whig), "Union 
Times'' (dcm.), " Good Samaritan" (temp.), and the " Union 
Star" (whig). 

New Beelin, p. v., Milwaukie co., Wise. : 70 m. E. by S. 
Madison. 

New Eeeeis Centre, p. o., Chenango co., N. 7.: 85 m. 
■W. by S. Albany. 
580 



Newbeun, p. v., port of entry, and cap. Craven county 
JV. Car. : on S. W. bank of Neuse r., at confluence of Trent 
river, 47 m. above Pamlico Sound, 100 m. E. S. E. Ealeigh. 
I>at. N. 85° 20'; long. W. 77° 5'. The Neuse is here 1^ m, 
wide, and Trent r. J m., with sufficient depth of water for 
steamboats, etc. It is a well-built and healthy city, and was 
formerly capital of the State ; contains a court-house, jail, 2 
banks (capit;d $375,000), and 4 churches. It has eonsiilcF" 
able trade; its chief exports are lumber, naval stores, and 
agricultural products. On 30th June, 1S50, the total tonnage 
of Newbern district was 6,208 tons, of which 1,519 tons were 
registered, and 8.689 enrolled and licensed. Of registered 
tonnage 1,077 tons were permanent, and 442 tons temporary. 
Of enrolled and licensed tonnage 3,60S tons were in the 
coasting trade, 119 tons propelled by steam. Entrances 
from foreign countries during ye.ar previous, 2:3 — 2,664 tons ; 
clearances, 30—3,613 tons ; vessels built, 8—867 tons. New- 
bern has considerable inland trade, wholesale and retail. 
Two newsp.apers are published weekly: "Newbernian" 
(whig) and " F.epublican" (dem.) It is about to be con- 
nected with the interior by railroad to Goldsboro', etc ^op, 
in 1S30, 8,776 ; in 1840, 3,690 ; in 1850. 8,987. 

Newbekn, p. v., Greene county, Ala. : 73 m. TV. by N. 
Montgomery. 

Newbern, p. v., Jersey county, Bl. : 86 m. S. W. by 8. 
Springfield. 

Newbern, p. v., Bartholomew Co., fnd.: on S. bank of 
Clifly cr., 42 m. E. S. E. Indianapolis. 

Newbeen, p. v., and cap. Pulaski county, Virg. : 178 m. 
W. S. W. Eichmr.nd. 

Newberry district, S. Car. Situate N. 'SV., and contains 
757 sq. m. Drained by affluents of Broad r., which flows 
on its E. border, and by branches of Saluda r., which forms 
its S. boundary. Surface generally level ; soil varied — a 
large portion is very fertile, and there is excellent pasturage 
for cattle. Staples, cotton, wheat, Indian corn, and potatoes. 
Farms 1,045 ; manuf. 39; dwell. 1,494, and pop.— wh. 7,243, 
fr. col. 212, s!. 12,6SS— total 20,143. Capitol: Newberry 
Court-House. Fullio Worha: Greenville and Columbia 
n. E. ; Laurens P.. P.. 

Newberry, p. v., Wayne co., Kt/. : on W. side Otter CF. 
of Cumberland r., 96 m. 8. Frankfort. 

Newberry, p. v., Greene co., Jnd. : on E. bank of W. 
fork of White r., and on line of Wabash and Erie Caual, 
72 m. S. E. by S. Indianapolis. 

Newberry, p. v., Lycoming Co., Penn. : on the N. side 
of the Susqiiehimna r., and the W. side of Lycoming cr., 
63 m. N. by W. Ilarrisburg. There is a blast furnace, one 
forge, and one rolling-mill at this place. With the opening 
of railroads this v. has good business prospects. 

Newberry, p. v., sta., and cap. Newberry dist., S. Cat: : 
on Greenville and Columbia E. E., 47 m. W. N. W. fi-om 
Columbia. Contains the court-house, jail, 6 churches, 2 ho- 
tels, 15 stores, 2 academies. The v. is noted for the wealth, 
refinement, and education of lis citizens. The "N. Sen- 
tinel" (dem.) is published weekly. Pop. 1,250. A mile W. 
of the v., the Laurens It. E. diverges from the main track. 

Newberrytows, p. v., York co., Penn. : 9 m. S. 8. E. 
Harrisburg. 

New BETnEL, p. o., Benton CO., Aia. : 102 m. N. by E. 
Montgomery. 

New Betuel, p. v., Marion county, Ind. : 9 miles 8. E, 
Indianapolis. 

Nt:w Betuleuem, p. v.. Clarion co., Peiin. : on the N. 
side of Eed Bank cr., 141 m. W. N. W. Uarrisburg. 

New Bloomfield, p. v., Callaway county. Mo. : 12 m. 
N. N. E. Jefferson City. 

New Bloomfield, p. b., and cap. Perry co., Penn. : 20 m. 
N. W. by W. ilarrisburg. It contains the court-house, jail, 
several stores, and is surrounded by a thriving agricultural 
district 

Newborn, p. v., Newton county, Ga. : 45 miles N. W. 
Millcdgcville. 



NEW 



NEW 



New Boston, p. v., Lee coudty, la. : 75 m. S. Iowa City ; 
and 7 ni. W. Nauvoo, III. 

Nkw RosTftN, p. 0., Windham co., Ctmn. : on the Quinnc- 
baug r., 41 m. E. N. E. Hartford, 72 m. N. E. New Haven ; 
has several factories. 

New liosTON, p. v., Mercer co., TU. : on the N. E. side of 
Missis-Mijipi r., 14 m. above tlie moulli of Edwards r., 114 ni. 
N. W. Springlicld. Tiio v. has a good landing on the r., 
and is surrounded by a fertile country. 

New liosToN, p. v., I^erlcsliiro co., Afas.<i.: on tlie W. side 
of Farniin£;ton r., 106 m. W. by S. Boston. 

Nkw Boston, sta., "Worcester co., JA^.v*. ; on Worcester 
and Na.sliua R. li., IS m. from Worcester. 

New Boston, t and p. o., Hillsborough co., iVI Hump.: 
on ?. branch of Piscalaquog r., 20 m. S. 8. W. Concord. 
Surface hilly ; soil fertile. Contains numerous mills, and 2 
churches. P<i]). 1,470. 

Nkw BitAiNTiux, t. and p. v., Worcester co., Jifiss. : 54 m. 
"W. Boston. Drained by numerous brooks, .and on IhcN.W, 
by Ware r. Surface uneven ; soil fertile in parts, and par- 
ticularly adapted to grazing. Pop. of t. 8.52, 

New liiiAUNFELS, t., p. v., and cap. Comal co., Ter. : on 
Gaudaloupe and Comal rivers, at their junction, 45 m. 
S. S. W. Austin City. This place oeeujties a very beautiful 
site, in (he most fertilt; portion of Texas, The inhabilants 
are mnsdy Germans, They are mainly Lutherans, but there 
is aUo a Catholic chapel. Pop. I,2;i7. 

New Biieme:*, p. v., Auglaize co., 0/no: SO m. W. N. W. 
Columbu.'*, on Miami Canal. Pop. 3+1. 

Xkw Brkmbn, p. o,. Cook county, III. : 154 miles N. E. 
Springfield, 

New Bitr.MKN, t. and p. o., Lewis co., N'. V. : on E. side 
of "Black r., S7 m. N. W. Albany. Drained by Black r. and 
branches. Pop. 1,510. 

New Br.incE, p. o., Lumpkin co., O'rr.: on the E. side of 
Chestatec r.. Ill m. N. by W. Milledgeville, 

New I5111DGEV1LLE, p. o., York counly, Penn.: 32 m. S. 
Ilarrisburg. 

New BiiiGiiTON, p. b.. Beaver co., P'^vn. : on the E. side 
of Beaver r., !i m. above its month, and ISO m, W. by N. 
Harrisburfj. The Oiiio and Penns^ylvania U. R. passes 
throu<:h this i)lace, 2S ni. from Piltsburg. The r. here af- 
fords water-power, and a very considerable manufacturing 
and local commercial buj^iness is done. Tlie b. is regularly 
laid out, and contains many beautiful residences and t^ub- 
ptnnli.^l business houses. Two tiridji^es span the r., one al 
either end of the village. Poi». 1,443. 

New liitionroN, p. v., liichmond co., A'l 5'..* 6 ni. S. W. 
New York, \'i2 m. S. by W. Albany. This v. is most beau- 
tifully situated on Sfaten Island, and is a favorite resort of 
the citizens of New York City in the summer months. No 
place in the vicinity of New York atfonls more delightful 
views of ibe bay and eily. 

New Biut.mn. t.. p. b.. and sta., Hartford county, Co!>7>. ; 
27 m. N, by E. New Haven, m. S. S. W. Hartford ; station 
on the Hartford. Providence, niid EishkiH K. K. Drained 
by Mill r. Contains numerous factories, cliiefly of bra.s3 and 
hardware, The Connecticut Stale Normal School, estab- 
lished here in IB.'Jl, has an annual apj>ropriation of .l!2.5no. 
and r>tn[iloys four instructors. The " New Britain Jgumal" 
is published w<**'kly. Pop. of t. 3,02S. 

New BaiTAiN, p. o., Columbia co,, iV. >'. ; 22 in. S. E. 
Albany. 

New Bp.rNSwirK, p. city, port, and cap. Middlesex oo.. 
J^. Jer. : on Karitan r.. 20 m. N. E. Trenton, 31 m. by New 
Jersey R. R. from New York, f}fS m. from Phi!adel[)hia. 
This flourishing <-ity \^ at ttn* head of navigation on the 
Earitan, 14 m. from its month, and is accessible for vessels 
drawing i-ight feet of wal'-r. I [ere terminates the Delaware 
and Raritan Canal, which connects with these rivers here 
and at Bordcntown. It is 4:i ni. long, 75 feet wide, and 7 
feet deep; admitting the passage of vessels of 100 tons. It 
has a rise and fall of 110 feet by 14 locks. New Brunswick 



was ineori»orated as a city in 1784. It is the dep t of a fer- 
tile dL«triet, .and has considerable trade and nianiifaetures. 
The oldest portion of the city is built upon the river, on low 
ground, having narrow and eronked .streets, but the rest is 
built upon a tleclivily, wilii regular and broad streets, pre- 
senting a haTidsome appearance, and connnaii'lirig fine 
prospects. Many iiouses are cieganlly surrounded by gar- 
dens. Upon the highest part of the city is Uiitger'n College, 
founded in 1771). In 1350 it liad 7 instructors, GO students, 
513 ahunni, and 10,000 vols, in library, in tlie vicinity is 
the Theol. Seminary of the Dutch Uefuniied fhur< h, estab- 
li^lied in ItKj, having 3 professors, ;U studenls, K'.t alumni, 
and 7,001) vols, in lil>rary. The eity contains tlie court-house 
an<l jail, 9 churches, etc. ; 2 banks, cap. $2uo,0tl0, and several 
large faelories. Three newspapers are issued weekly — " N. 
Jersey Union" (dem.), "N. B. Times" (dem.), " Fredonian" 
(wliig.) The constant eomnuuiieation of New BrunswicJ; 
with New York for the last few years has greatly increased 
its business and population. Pop. in 1830,7,831; in 1840, 
8,003; in ISoO, 13,387. 

New Buoa, p. v., Decatur co., la. : on Crooked fork of 
Grand r., 133 m. S. W. by W. Iowa City. This is a new 
Hungarian settlement, planle<l by the exiles who came over 
lo the United States with (Jov. Ujliazy. 

New Birn--Ai.o, t. and p. v., Berrien co., Mioh.: on Lake 
Michigan, 125 m. W. S. W. Lansing, at mouth of Galain r., 
which is here an estuary 3 m. wide, affording a good har- 
bor. The v. was formerly the termination of the Michigan 
Central B. It., now extended to Cliicago. 

New Brn-ALo, p. v.. Perry co,, Penn.: on W. side of 
Susquehanna r., 5 m. above the ninulh of Juniata r., 10 m. 
N. by W. Harrisbnrg. 

Newdurc;, p. v., Macon county, Mo.: 100 m. N. by W. 
Jefferson City. 

NEwiunu;, p. v., Franklin co., Ala.: 159 m. N. N. W. 
Montgomery. 

Newbuhi;, [i. v., Warrick co., Jnd. : on Ohio r., ISS m. 
S. S. W. Indianapolis. It has a convenient steamboat land- 
ing, and contains several stores anil warehouses, and a pop- 
ulation of about 600. The ''Warrick Democrat" is pub- 
lished weekly. 

Newbeho, t. and p. o., Cass county, Mich. : SS m. S. W, 
Lansing. Pop. 388. 

Newul'kg, p. o., Washinglon co., W/'sc: C8 m. E. N. E. 
Madison. 

Newhuiu;, p. v., an<i cap. LewLs co., Temi. : 54 m. S. S.W. 
Nashville. 

NEWErr.n, t and p. o., Penobscot co., J/c. ; 49 m. N. E. 
Augusta. Drained l>y a braneli of Sowadabscook r. Soil 
fertile, pop. 1,309. 

Ni:wnri:<;. t- p. v., and semi-cap. Orange co,, iV. K ; on 
AV. bank Hadson r., 84 m. S. by W. Albany, 54 m. N. New 
York. Lat. 41° 31' N„ Ir>rig. 740 1' W. Surface of t. ele- 
vated, somewhat broken, and hilly. Drained by the Hud- 
son and small creeks. Soil clay ami gravelly loam, fertile, 
but I)est adapted to gr.azing. This vicinity, with tin- rist of 
Orange co., is celebrated fur its superior dairy pniducls and 
excellent live-stock. The v. is han<isomely situated on an 
acclivity rising from the shore to an elevation of 300 feet, 
where is afforded a most deliglitfid and extensive prospect 
of the rivi-i*, whic-li li<-re widms into Ncwburg Bay, fertJlo 
and beautiful valleys, the Highlands, and the villages of 
West Point atxl Fishkill. This v. was settled in 1701 by 
Germans, and incori)orated in isoo. General Washington 
had here his head-quarters during the winter of I7S2-3, at 
which i)eriod the celebrated Newburg letters were written. 
The old stone-Jiouse in whieh ho resided is still standing in 
good preservation. On 23d June, 1783, the troops here sta- 
tioned were disbau'led. The v. contains a courl-hou.se and 
jail, numerous churches, seminaries, etc. The Theological 
Seminary of Assoc. Ref. Church, established in 1836, has I 
pn)fessor, II students, 143 alumni, 8,200 vols, in library. 
There are large factories of carriages, machinery, chairs, 

531 



NEW 



NEW 



cordiige, plnster, flour, candles, etc., iron foundries, brew- 
eries, tiiuneriL's, stone Hud lumber yards, etc. ; 4 l);iiik8 buvc 
a capilal of $Ti.iO,(»00. A wti-Hni IV-rry oouiuh'Is tlio v. willi 
Fislikill and Hudson lliver li. K. Tlio Ncwburj; bnuidi 
li. K. eonncols with Krie 11. It. nt Cluator junction, 1!) ni. 
The inunensu quunlitiL'S of uprioullural j)roduft^, etc., of tbo 
vii'inily nnd interior, wliich are hero received for the New 
Vorii niarki'ts, willi Ihi- othrr conimcree of the v.,constJintIy 
employ nuxiiy froiglit barscs, sloops, and 8tennil)oata. Four 
newapajnTa aro issued weeicty, "N. Gay.t'Ito"(wbic:), "Tele- 
graph'' (dein.), "Kxcelsior'' (di'ui.). "Ilifjliland Courier" 
(deni.) I'l.p. in 1880, G,4'J4 ; in 1840, 6,^ii3 ; in 1S50, 11,415. 

NicwnuitG, t, p. v., and sUi., Cuyaliofia co., Ohio: 123 m. 
N. K. by N. Cohiinbus, S ni. S. li. Cleveland, on Cleveland 
an<l Pittsburg 11. 11. Soil (»f I. fertile. Drained l)y Mill cr.. 
upou which the v. is silualed, at :i fall in the sireum, alford- 
iug oxtonsivo water-power. Top. of t. 1,542. 

NKwnuim, p. o., Cuniberlaiid co., Penn.: on N. side of 
Conodogwinil cr., 87 ni. W. by S. ilarriaburff. 

New Hi'RLiNGTON, p. o., Delaware co., Ind,: on Prairie 
cr., 47 m. K. N. K. Indianapolis. 

Nkw Bukungton, p. 0., Clinton co., Ohio: h\ ni. S. \V. 
Columbus. 

Newhfbv, t, nnd p. o., Merrimac co., X. Ilamp. : 24 ni. 
W. N. W. Concord. It is bordered on the N. "W. by Suna- 
peo lake. Drained by a brunch of Warner r. ; hue two 
churches. Top. 733. 

Nkw»uuy, t. and p. o., Geauga co., Ohio: 121 m. N. K. 
Columbus. Surface oft. diversitlcd; soil fertile; timber 
abundant. Drained by the heuds of Chagrin and Cuy- 
ahnpjL rivers. Poj). 1,258. 

Nicwnritv, t., p. v., and sla.. Orange co., Venn.: on 
Connecticut r., 27 m. ]■-. S. E. Montpelier. Wells' r., in the 
N. part of t,, affords good water-power. The Councellcut 
nnd I'assunisic It. U. passes through the t. The Newbury 
Beminary is a flourishing Methodist academy, and has six 
teachers. The ''Aurora of the YuUey" (liL) is published 
weekly. Pop. 2,9S4. 

•Ninviiuitvi'OBT, p. cily, port of entry, and one of the caps. 
KssL'X CO., Mass.: on the S. bank of Merrimac r., 4 m. from 
tlic ocean, 84 m. N. N. IC. Boston. Lat. 4'io 4s' 32" N.. long. 
70° 52' 4T" W. The harbor is safe and s])aeiou», and pro- 
tected by a break-water, but its eiitranee is obstructed by a 
sand-bar. The city is beautifully situated on a gentle n<;- 
clivity, and very regularly laid out, with wide streets, tlmse 
panillel with the river rising like terraces. This place has 
suffered severely by fires, commercial losses, nnd otherwise, 
but for the last few years it has been steadily increasing in 
wealth and importance. A U. S. naval olllcer is stationed 
here. It is stilt largely engaged in the mackerel and coii 
fisheries, coasting trade, and foreign commerce. Kive large 
eott(m manufacturing coniiianles have a capital of $l,lsO,OoO. 
Ship-lmitding is extensively carried on. There are 8 banks; 
capital $570,000. The principal buildings are, custom- 
house, of rough granite, with line wrought Doric portico; 
eourl-house.uf hriek ; storiejail. 10 churches, a flue academy, 
lyeeuui, etc. Much attention is given to education. The 
Putnam High School is endowed with .^i70,0l)0. Another in- 
stitution, chiefly for classical studies, has a largo fimd. given 
by Mr, Moses Brown. Kev. George Whitetleld, the celebra- 
te<l divine, died in this town, Sipt. 21, 1770; his tomb an.l 
moiunuentare in the I'^irst Presbyterian Church, The Kiustern 
K K. passes through the eily, 8-t m. from Boston. The New- 
buryporl It. It. branches off to Bradfiird, connecting with 
th<' Boston and Maine 11. It. Two daily papers are issued, 
"Herald" (whig), "Union" (dem.); 1 semi-weekly, "N. 
Herald" (whig). On 80th June, 1S50. the total tonnage of 
N. district was 23,202 tons, of which 16.214 tons were re- 
gistered, and 7,04S tons enrolled and licetised. Of register- 
ed loniuige, 14,01S were permanent, and 2,U)G temporary. 
Of the i-nmlled and licensed tonnage. 7,049 wore permanent. 
4!)4 t<uis were employed in the coasting trade, 3,7.39 tons 
were in iho cod flshery, and 2,S1D tons in the mackerel 
&82 



flshery. During the year previous the number of clearances 
for foreign perls was 140—9,703 \>cn\9,\ number of cnLranccs 
12S — S,tlu5 t()ns. Vessels built, 10 (.S ships, 2 schooners), 
4,t)5T toits. Pop. in 1S30, 6,375; in 1&40, 7,101; in 1550, 
9,572. 

Newhy's Bkidge, p. o., Perquimans co., K Car. : 130 m. 
N. E. Italeigh. 

New Califoknia, p. v., Grant co.. Wise : 60 m. W. S.W. 
Madison. 

Ni!W CALiroKNiA, p. o., Union co., Ohio: 30 m. N. W. 
Columbus. 

New Canaan, t. and p. v., Fairfield co., Conn-. : 32 m. 
W. 8. W. New Haven, 01 m. S. W. Hartford. Surface oft. 
uneven ; soil gravelly loam, well watered by several streams 
from Long Island Sound. Contains a nundx-r of mills and 
has some nuum lac lures. The v. is on high ground, and 
contains 3 churches and an academy. Pop. of t. 2,001. 

New Cananhaigua, p. o., Oakland co., Midi.: 65 m. 
E. by 8. Lansing. 

New Canto.v, p. v., Hawkins co., Tenn. : 225 ra. E. by N. 
Nashville. 

Nkw Canton, p. v., Buckingham county. Vlvg. : on 9. 
side Slate cr., n quarter of a mile from James r,, 45 ra. 
W. N. W, Uielmiond. Four mUes W. are the extensive 
Virginia flour-mills. . 

New Caki.ibijc, p. v., St. Joseph county, Ltd.: 183 m. 
N. by W. Indianapolis. 

New Caklisj-e, p. v., Clark co., Ohio: 54 ni. W. by S. 
Columbus. Pop. 634. 

New Cabthaok, p. v., Madison par., La. : N. side of a 
bend of Mississippi r., 120 m. N. Baton Ilougc. 

New Cabtlb county, Del. Situate N., and contains 
92;i sq. m. Drained by Christiana, St. George's, Brandy- 
wine, lied Clay, Naaman's, Blackburd, nnd Duck creeks. 
Surface varied— in the N. and W. being hilly, in the E. low 
and nuirshy nnd unflt for tillage; soil, where capable of 
cultivation, is fertile. Staples, wheal, Indian corn, and pe- 
ttitoes ; and in this county are the principal manufacturing 
establishments of tho Stale. Farms 1,002; nianuf. 2S1 ; 
dwell. 7,09S, and pop.— wh. .Tl,822, iV. wl. 7.603, si. 30-1— 
tot;d42,7H4. Capital : New Castle. Public Workii: Phil- 
adelphia, Wilmington, and Baltimore K. U.; New Castle 
and Frenehtown It. 11.; New Castle and Wllmingtoult.lt. 
Chesapeake and Delaware Canal, etc. 

New Castle, bund., p. v., port of entry, and cap. New 
Castle CO., Del. : on W. bmik of Delaware r., 31 m. N. Dover, 
5 m. S. Wilmington. Lat. 89° 40' N., long. 75° 33' W. The 
bund, is bouniled on the N. an<l W. by Christiana cr. Sur- 
face moderately hilly; sod fertile. Tho v. is an old town, 
and onec tho capitid of tho State. Its harbor is well pn> 
teclid by long piers. Uailroads to Wilmington and French- 
town afford direct connection with Philadelphia and Balti- 
more. It contains the court-house, jail, town-house, arsenal, 
nuirket-house, 1 bank — capitjd ^183,000; 5 churches, ami 
public library of 4,000 vols. Here is a large manufactory of 
steaut-engines, locomotives, etc. The tot;d tonnage of New 
Casllo district on tho 30th June, 1S50, was 7,259 tons en- 
rolled and licensed, of which 7,124 tons were permanently 
employed in the coaaling trade, 135 tons were licensed under 
20 tons ; 1..315 Ions were propelled by steam. Pop. 3,500. 

New Castle, p. o., Gentry county, JIo.: 102 m. N. W. 
Jefferson City. 

New Castle, p. v., sta., and cap. Henry county, Ind. : on 
E. side Blue r., 40 m. E. by N, Indianapolis. Tho New 
Castle and liichmond B. E. passes Uirough the village. It 
contains a eourt-houso and jail, several good schools, and 
numerous stores. Po[). 660. 

New Castle, t and p. v., Lincoln co.,Me.: 24 m. S. S. E. 
.\ugusla, between Danuiriscotta an<i Siieepseot rivers. The 
Dauiariscolta r. is navigid>le for large vessels to the v., 15 ra. 
tVom the ocean. There are niunerous mills of different 
kinds in the v. and t. The " Lincoln Dcmocral" is published 
weekly. Pop. 2,012. 



i 



NEW 



NEW 



Nkw Castlb, I>. o., Logan t;o., ///. ; on the N. side ()f 
Kit'kiipoo cr., 87 ni. N. K. by N. Spriiigllold. 

Nkw Castli-:, t., p. v., hikI stji., ■VVL'SlchestiT co., y. Y. : 
10'2 m. S. AUmny. Surfju-o of t. liilly ; soil gravelly ami 
Bjuuly loam. The Ilarkin 1!. K. pn.sso9 through the t.,10in. 
from New York. Pop. 1,800. 

Nkw Cahti.k, t, aud p. v., Coshonton co.. O/ii'o: -IS in. 
¥.. N. K. Cohnulms. Drauu;d l>y Walhoiidinj; river and 
bnuiehes. Pop. l.*227. 

Nkw CAftTLi:, p. v., Wilkoa co., iV. Car. : 13S m. W. N. W. 
Ealeitrli. 

Ni:w Casti.k, p. b., and cap. Lawrence co., Pcun. : nt Iho 
jniieli<»n of ihe Shcnaiigo and Neslianiioek creeks, ls7 ni, 
W. hy N. Ilarrisbiirfj. The IJeaver and Eric (.'anal piisaes 
flinuiiili Ihf V. Iron ore deposits are fmind in Iho vieinily ; 
'i rolling-mills, 1 blasl-furuaee, several inannfaetories, and a 
nmiilKT of "Stores, make Ihi.-* a place ofconsidernl'Ie Imsine.ts 
iniportanee. There arL> two newspapers issued weekly — Ilu' 
''N. ('. (f:izelte''(whij;), and " Lawrenee dourual" P. I,lil4. 

Ni;\v Casti.k, p. v., Hardeman county, Tcnn. : 147 ni. 
W. S. "W. Nashville. 

Nkw I'Asri.K, I, and p. o., Knekiiiiihain co., y. Ilnmp. : 
43 ni. K. S. K. Concord. Consists of an iflaiid in Purl-snuatlli 
Jiarhor. connected with Porl-smouth by a bridp'. Here are 
I-'orl CiiiiHlilulion and the lisld-house ; also 1 church. Tim 
iwlaiiil is imu-h resorted to IVoin Portsmouth, for Iho purpose 
of Hshincr. Pop. Sl)l. 

Nkw Castle, ]». v., Rott^tourl co., Virg. : on Craig's cr., 
14.') rn. W. Kiehmoud. 

Nkw Casti.k C. II., p. v., and cap. Henry co., A'//. .• 21 in. 
N. W. Frankfort. 

Nkw CKNTiuEvit.r.K, p. v., Jennings oo., !nd. : on S. side 
Vernon I-'ork r., G3 m. S. S. K. Indianapolis, 

Nkw CiiAMiiKitsmiKo, p. v., Columbiana CO., Okh: 111 rn. 
N. K. by K. Columbus. 

Nkw C'liKSTKi:, p. o., Adams co., /*(■?;»..* on Conowiitjo 
cr.,'20 m. S. S. W. llarrisburfi;. 

Nnw t'liuitcii, p. o., Accfunac county, Vlrn. : 101 m. 
K. by N. Kiehinond. 

Nkw CoLifMOiA, p. v.. Union co., Pi^nn.: on \V. side of 
W. branch of Susquehanna r., 53 in. N. Ilarrisburg. 

Nkw Con'MiJiA, p.v., Newton co., TIm'.; on W. side of 
Saline r.. *25s m. K. by N. Austin City ; has a gnod landing 
for steamboats. 

Nkw CiM.irMitus, p. o., Luzerne co., I\nn. : OS ni. N. N. I'- 
ll arrislnirg. 

Nkw CoMKitsTowN, p. v., Tuscarawtus co., Ohio: on W. 
bank Tuscarawas r., and on the Oliio and Krie Canal, 75 in. 
K. N. E. Columbus. Pop. -17(>. 

Nkw CoNcoan, p. v., Callaway co., 7\'i/. : 2I-'J ni. 8. W. 
I'ranliforU 

Nkw Cosooud, p.v., Muskin.ffum county, Oftio: G5 in. 
K. by N. Columbus, lias an academy, several clnirclics, 
and mills. Pop. 834. 

Nr.w CouwiN, p. 0., llighlnnd co., Oliio : 60 m. S. W. by S. 
Columbus. 

Nkw Cokydon, p. v., .Jay co., Ind. : on S. side of Wabash 
r,, So m. N. K. Indianapolis. 

Nkw CrMBKiti.ANO, p. b., Cumberlnnd co., Pc-rm. : on \V. 
eido of Susquehanna r., at the confluence of the Yellow 
IJreeches er.. 3 ni. S. llarrlsburg. The York an<I Cundn-r- 
land i:. K. pn>ses through the b., to connect with the Cum- 
berland Valli'v and other lines. Hero are several stores, and 
some manufacluring is done. 

New Ci:Mi(Fi:i,ANn, p. o., Brooke county, Vhy. : 2M m. 
■W.N. W. i:i<-hmond. 

Nkw Dki'.uv. p. v.. Westmoreland co., Penn.: 124 m. W. 
Harrinburg. Tli<' Penie^ylvania It. K. passes through town 
of Derry, 4i) m. from Pittsburg. 

, Nr.w f)i(;r.iNP. t. and p. v., Lafayette co., WUc, : on Fever 
r'., 0:J m. S. W. Madison. Pop. 1,742. 

Nkw OuiniAM, p. v.. La Porto county, fnd. : 125 m. 
N. N. E. by N. Indianapolis. 



Nkw Dukiiam, I., p. o., and sta., Slralford ro., X. Ifump. : 
2'2 m. N. IC. Concord, on Cnehe<'o li. R., 22 m. fr<nn Dover. 
Surface very uneven; soil moist, and adai)led to grazing. 
Pop. |,i)4S. 

Nkw DuKUAji, p. v., Hudson co,, ^V. Jer.: B5 m. N. E, 
Trenton. 

Nkw Eoyi'T, p. v., (>cean co.. .Y. J<'r. : IT) m. S. K. by E. 
Trenlon, on Cros.--wiekV cr.. upon wliii-h are numerous aud 
valuable mills. 

Nkwki.i., p. 0., ;\iiderson dist., X <\u\: ICt in. N. W. 
Columbia, 

Nkw I'^NCi.ANn Vii.i.agk, p. v., "Worcester co., JAws. .' 
SS m. W. BoMton, 7 m. S. K. WorcestiT. I ni. from HosJon 
and Worcester U. II., on t^>uinsigainond er., the onllet of 
Long Pond. This .stream in its disc, nl fi.lK .'lO UTt.nlTor.l- 
iling great waler-iiower. This i.s a viry llol^■]^llinL: autl 
growing villagi-. 

Nkw FAiaiiKi.n, I. and p. o., Fairlleld co.. Conn. : -IS in. 
W. S. "W. Ilarlford, :V2 in. W. N. W. New Haven. Surfaco 
oft. rough aud hilly; soil gravelly. Drained by Uoek r. 
Pop. 927. 

Nkwkank, t. and p. o., Niagara counly, .Y. 1'..' 2G2 m. 
W. by N. Albany. Drained by Kighteen-Mile er. Surface 
inclincl toward the lake; soil sandy loam. Pop. 8,21^5. 

NKwriKi.n. t. and i». o., York county, Mr: : 7t> in. S. W. 
August:i. Drained by Little O^Hipee r., on which lliero aro 
some mills. Pop. 1,11$. 

Nk\vfiku>. I. and p. v., Tompkin'H co., N. Y. : 148 ni. 
W. by S. Albany. Mu-faco of t. broki'ii and liilly; soil 
gravelly loam and v<'ry fertile; is well drained. 

Nkw Flokkn* k, sta., Westmoreland co,, /V/. ; on S. sldo 
Conenuuigh r., Ill W. by N. Ilarrishurg, on IVimsylvania 
U. i:.,7il m. IVom Pitlsburg. 

NKWKtuiNn, lake aial river, Crnfton co., A"! //. The lako 
is six m. long, 2 to :j m. wide; its outlet, or the river, is ii 
eon^iderabl(^ stream, ftowing into Peiuigewasselt r. 

NKwroiNULANn, p. o., Morris co., y. Jiu:: on S. bank 
of I'equannock r., .VI ni. N. N. E. Trenton. 

Nkw I'aANKioKT, p. o.. Scott co., hid.: on N. side of 
Sucker's I'ork. 7.') m. S. S. IC. Indiiuiapolis. 

Nkw FitANKUiN, p. v., Stark co., Ohio : 111 ni. N. E. by E. 
Columbus. 

Nkw Fi: vnki.in, p. o., Wayne co., ///..■ ll:J m. 8. E.liy S. 
Spriiiglhld. 

Nkw FitKKHOM, p. <>., York county, P<nn.:'lTi m. S. 
Ibirrisburg. 

Nkw CiAKDKN.p. o., Wayno co., ImL: Cr) m. E. Indi.an- 
apolis. 

Nkw Gaudks, p. o., Ku-ssell co., Viri}.: 2(U m. W by 8. 
Richmond. 

Nkw (UuDKNip. v.jfluilford co.. A'. (V;-. .•7sm. W.N.W. 
Kalcigb. 

NkwCahiu-n-. p. v., Columbiana county, Ohio: US m. 
E. N. K. Columbus. 

Nkw Oakpkn, t. and p. o., Chester co., P'-nn.: (58 m. 
E. S. E. llarrisburg. Surface level; soil calcareous loam. 
Drained by \Wi\ Clay and Wiiite Clay creeks. 

Ni:w (J AScoNV, p. v., .Tetrcrson ctt„ Ark. : uw N. bank of 
Arkansas r, 42 m. E. S. E. Little Pock. 

Nkw r.KNKVA, p. v., Fayette co., /^aw..- on E. side of 
Monorigaliela r. above tlie eonlhieiice of George er., 160 m. 
W. bv S. llarrisburg. 

Nkw C.ki:mantown. p. v., Ilnnterdon county, ,V. .Ar. ; 
W. of Lan\ington r., ;i2 ni. N. Tr.nton. Contains several 
churches and stores and :in aca.leniy. 

Nkw CiaMANTow.v, p. v., Perry co., Ptmn,: 3G m. W 
Harrisburg. 

Nkw <iiu:Ai>, p. v., Mooro co., N. Car.: GO m. S. W. 
Kaleigh. 

Nkw Gi.Anrs, p. o., Green co., ir/w. .'on fork of Sugar r, 
25 m. S. S. W. Madison. 

Nr.w Glasgow, p. v., Amherst co., Virg.: 87 m. W. 
Richmond. , 

5SS 



NEW 



NEW 



New Gloccfstee, t., p. o., and sta., Cumberland co., Me. : 
36 m. S. W. Augusta. Drained by Koyul's r., \Yhich affords 
water-power to mills of various kinds. The Atlantic and 
&L Lawrenoe R. R. passes through this L, 22 m. from Port- 
land. Pop. 1,845. 

New Goshen, p. o., Yigo county, Itid. : 70 m. W. S. "W. 
Indianapolis. 

New Gottingbn, p. v., Guernsey co., OMo: 65 m. E. 
Columbus. Pop. 54. 

New Geaefesbekg, p. o., Herkimer co., N. Y. : 70 m. 
W. N. W. Albany. 

New Gkenada, p. c, Fulton co., Fenn. : 70 m. W. S. 'W. 
Harrisburg. 



New Gketna, p. o., Burlington co., K. Jer. : 30 m. S 
Trenton. 

New GtriLFOED, p. o., Coshocton co., Ohio: 50 m. E. N.E. 
Columbus. 

New Hackensack, p. o., Dutchess co., F. Y.: 80 m. 
S. by W. Albany. 

New Hageestown, p. v., Carroll co., Oldo : 97 m. E. N. E. 
Columbus. 

New Hamburg, p. v. and sta., Duchess co., N. Y. : on 
E. bank of Hudson r., at month of Wappinger'a cr., 74 m. 
S. by W. Albany. Is a station of the Hudson Eivcr li. R,, 
66 m. from New York, 73 m. from Albany. 



THE STATE OF NEW HAMPSHIRE. 



New HAjiPsmnE is situated between 42° 41' and 45^^ 11' latitudes north, and between 70^ 40' and 72° 2S' longifudes, 
west from Greenwich, or between 4^^ 34' and G^ 22' east from Washing;ton, It is bounded on the north by Lower Canada, 
on the east by the State of Maine and the Atlantic Ocean, on the south by the State of Massachusetts, and on the west by 
that of Vermont, from which it is separated by the Connecticut River. From north to south its length is IGS miles, and 
its width, from east to west, frum 90 to 20 mile^, its form tapering toward the north. It confains an area of 9,280 square 
miles. 

New Hampshire has a sea-coast of but 18 miles in length. The shore is little otherwise than a sandy beach, bordered in 
front by salt marshes, and indented by creeks and coves, which form, however, eligible harbors for small crafl. Behind 
there is a narrow, level, or gently undulating tract of 25 or 30 miles in width, and beyond this zone the general surface 
becomes mounliunous, principally in the north, the hills increasing in height as they recede from the sea, until they swell 
to the lofty grandeur of the "^"hite Mountiuns. This range, which may be considered as a continuation of the Alleghanies, 
enters New Hampshire between the Connecticut and Merrimac rivers, and of which the Grand Monadnock, 3,254 feet in 
height, Sunapee, 4,63G feet, and Moosheloc, 4,636 feet, appear to be hnks, reaches its greatest elevation in Mount Washing- 
ton, ttie summit of which is 6,42S feet aljove the level of the sea, and the highest culmination east of the Rtx-ky Mountains. 
The other principal peaks in this range, for as such it may be described, although it is not always continuous, are : Miiunt 
Adams, 5,960 feet; Mount Jefferson, 5,860 feet; Mount Madison, 5,620 feet. Mount Monroe, 5,510 feet; Mount Franklin, 
5,050 feet, and others little inferior in elevation, and the Kearsarge Mountains rise to the height of 2,480 feet. These 
mountains are composed of huge rocks of granite and gneiss, and round their bases are forests of heavy timber, which is 
succeeded by a belt of stunted fir trees, from 10 to 15 feet high, above this a growth of thick bushes, and farther up the 
surface is covered with a dark pall of mosses and lichens. The snow lies on their summits for nine or ten months of the 
year, giving them the appearance from which they take their name. The " Notch-' is a remarkable chasm two miles in 
length, and where narrowest it is only 22 feet wide. It is the only pass through the great mountain barrier. Through 
the higli, steep precipice9,which form its walls, flows one of the head branches of the Saco River, and in its course receiving 
the waters of several cascades which leap down the declivities. This stream, after a heavy fall of rain, becomes fearfully 
swollen, and frequently at such times sweeps away all opposing obstacles, and fills the valley with ruin. In 1836, a 
violent rain storm caused a slide of earth, rocks, and trees, which choked up the streams, and flooding the country, 
spread desolation far and wide, and in the general confusion a family of eleven persons, residing at the Notch House, were 
gverwhHmed. 

The general slope of the State is from north to south, and in that direction the principal rivers flow, following the courses 
oC the local valleys. The slope toward the Connecticut valley is short and precipitous, and in this direction the only 
streams of consequence n.re the Ammonoosuc and Ashuelot. Tho Androscoggin passes through the north-eastern part of 
the Stite, but this is properly a river of Maine. The Plscataqua, the only considerable river that has its whole course 
within the Slate, is formed by the junction of Salmon Falls and C<>checo rivers from the north, and several smaller streams 
from the west, and it is only from this junction to the sea. a distance of ten miles, that it bears the name of Piscitaqua. 
At its mouth is the harbor of Portsmonth, one of the finest in the United States. The Merrimac rises in the Whito 
Mountains, not far distant from the sources of the Saco, and running south through the centre of the State, passes into 
Massachusetts, where it turns and runs in a north-easterly direction, and falls into the Atlantic. The principal tnt)utaries 
of the Merrimac are from the west, the Nashua, which, after bending beyond the State line, again enters New IIaini)3hire, 
and empties itself in the to^-n of Nashua; the Contoocook, which empties itself at Concord, and Baker's River, which 
rises in Moosheloc Mountain, and empties itself at Plymouth ; and from the east the principal tributaries are Winnipiseogee 
River, the outlet of the lake of the same name, and Squam River, which is the outlet of Squam Lake. None of the 
rivers of New Hampshire, however, are much used for navigation, but afford the best of mill-sites. 

It is estimated that 110,000 acres of the surface of this Stjite are covered with water. Lake Winnipiseogee (Win-nc-pe- 
sok-eo. In dim}) is the most extensive sheet of water witliia its limits. It is 23 miles in length, and frora2tol0 in breadth. 
Upward of 360 islands are sprinkled over its bosom, and its shores are indented by numerous bays formed by gentle 
swells of land projecting into the lake and rising graccl\iily from its waters. It abounds in fish, and its waters are remark- 
ably pure. Being on the route to the While MounUuns, it is much visited by travelers, and a steamboat is employed on the 
lake during the summer season. Lake XJmbagog, on the eastern State line, and others in the south and west, are smaller, 
but all have attractive scenery, and are the recipients and outlets of several streams. 

Off the coast are the Isles of Shoals, seven in number, which belong partly to Maine and partly to New Hampshire {seo 
Matse). They lie about eight miles out to sea, between Portsmouth and Newburyport, and are hardly more than a 
cluster of rocks rising above the water. For more than a century before the Revolution they yveYe quite populous, con- 
taining at one time 600 inliabitants, who found there an advantageous situation for carrying on the fisheries. To this day 
the best cod are those known under the name of Isles of Shoals sun-flsh. From 3.000 to 4,000 quintals were once annually 
taken and cured here, but the business has of late years declined. 

New Hampshire has been called the " Switzerland of America." Its scenery is full of grandeur and wild magnificence. 
634 • 



NEW HAMPSHIRE. 



From the lofly sumiiuts of its niggcl mountains the eye surveys one of the wihiest, an. I at the same time enchanting, 
countries of ihe world, and is never drowsed by monotony. Kocks piled uii rocks, clothed in <:ii;antic forest i:rowths and 
shrubs, placid lakes embosominE: countless verdant islets ; pleasant valleys and farm lands in tlie highest state of eultiva- 
lion, successively greet the eye, while the foaming cataract and k-aitint; cascade, now rushing; down Ihe slo[ics and daaiiing 
to the vales, and now reposin-; into the s^ently ^didins streams, aii'l anon swiUins into rivers, coursint: like molten silver 
lhrou2;h the plains, and winding their way to the sea, enehanl Ihe senses and cheat the mind nf its eari-s. From M )unt 
Washington the prospect is noble antl extensive, only bounded on tUe one hand by the dim distance of the ocL'an, and on 
tlie olh' T by the blue horizon resting on the green base of the laud. From Monadnoek and Moosheloc, and many of the 
other higher elevations, the scenery is not less alluring. Nor is that of the lakes inferior. Surrounded by forest-clad bills, 
tliese beautiful basins interspersed with islets, and reflecting from their glassy bosoms the bright blue sky. and llie neigh- 
boring slopes, ure truly a feature of loveliness, and well might the Indian, charmed by the beauties of the scenery around 
Winnipiseogee, call it "The smile of the Great Spirit." Unibagog, Sunapee, and others, have Lheir charms; they are 
amallcr, indeed, but all are highly picturesque, and abound with the most lovely scenery. 

The mineral resources of New Hampshire are by no means insignificant. The recent geological survey by Dr. Charles 
F. Jackson, one of the most scientific geologists of New England, has resulted in many highly valuable discoveries. Ills 
examinations have brought to light ihe existence of several bed* of iron, and a valual)le one of limestone, not Idtherto 
known, which will prove sources of great wealth to the State. Iron exists in almost every c<iUQty. The ore beds that 
have been chiefly worked are at Franeonia and Lisbon, in the northerly part of the State, and these are considered as 
among the richest in the United States, the ores yielding from CO to 70 per cent, of metaL Ores of copper are found also 
at Franeonia, Warren, Eaton, and other places, which want only a judicious investment of capital and labor to develop 
their treasures. The zinc ore miftcs of Warren are described as abounding and rich, and a very rich mine of tin ore has 
been discovered in the town of Jackson, near the foot of the White Mount^iins, which promises to yield from 40 to 60 per 
cent in pure worked metal. This is the first valuable tin mine that has been discovered in the United Slates. In the 
town of Faton there are also extensive deposits of ores of zinc and lead, mixed in some of the shale with vciu^of silver, 
tlie amount of which is sufficiently great to allow of its being profitably separated. 

There is no State which possesses greater quantities of granite, suited to the purposes of architecture, than New Hamp- 
shire. At various points on the very margins, or near the baidis of the Merrimac and Cnnnocticut. are found immense 
and apparently exhaustless ranges of this stone. It is of the best texture and colitr, cind capable of yielding blocks of any 
required size. Marble is also abundant, as also most of the rocks attriliuted to the primary era. 

The soils of New Hampshire are generally of a stubborn nature, and not of the most fertde description. They require 
considerable labor to make them moderately productive ; those of the inter%-als are the most pri>fital'lc. and are moder- 
ately rich. All, however, yield well to the industry applieu to them, and under proper management, the natural ruggedness 
of the country has been converted into a garden-like scene. The climate is somewhat colder than that of Maine, and 
more steady; the difference of elevation, liowever, decides the prevailing temperature, and in some cases the difference 
between that of the base and summit of the mountains is from 13° to 25°. The temperature of the summer is great, and 
sometimes rises to 100° Fahr. In the winter season it has been known to sink so low as to freeze the: mercury in the 
tube. These extremes, however, seldom occur, and are of short duration. In the neighborhood of the While Mountains^ 
the peaks of which are almost always capped in snow, the winters are excessively cold. No part of the State, however, is 
unhealthy, but on the contrary, many instances of longevity are recorded, and it is no unusual thing to find persons enjoying 
good health at the patriarchal age oflOO years and upward. William IVrkins, of New Market, died inlT32, at 110; William 
Scory, of Londonderry, in 1754, at Hi); Robert Mctlin, in 17S5, at 115; Samucd Welch, of Bow, in 1S2:?, at liy; ami more 
recent instances are not wanting. In 1S40 there were living in the State 10 persons of 100 years of age and upward, and 
in 1S50. 13 persons. The cold weather sets in about the middle of Sei)tember, and continues till May ; the severity of win- 
ter, however, does not commence before November, from which time to the opening of tho spring season, the country is 
clothed in a thick mantle of snow, and the rivers are frozen to their sources. 

The natural growths of the country arc various kinds of useful timber, as oak, pine, hemlock, ash, beech, and birch ; 
and these in former times constituted Iho chief merchantable products of the region, ami when formed into masts, sl;l^'es, 
plaitks, boards, etc., were largely exported. The sugar-maple is also abundant, and the pitc^^-yielding pine. Wolves, 
bears, and other fur-bearing animals are still found in the State, and although a bounty has long been iiaid by the govern- 
ment fnr their destruction, the farmers continue to complain of their visits. The rivers and lakes are well stored with fish, 
and wild fowl and game are plentiful in all parts. 

New Hampshire is divided into 10 counties and 243 townships, the general statistics of the counties and the capitals 
of each, in 1S50, were as follows : 



Coum.e.. Dwell.. Pop. ^^j^J,^^' ^^^^^^^ Cap.tale. 

Belknap 3,436. . .17,721 . . .2.43S. . .163. .. .Gilford 

Carroll 3,724. . .20,156. . .2,S05. . .135. . . .Ossipee 

Cheshire 5,302. . .30,144. . .2,S05. . .377. . . .Keene 

Coos 2,114. . .11,853. . .1,439 ... 69. . . .Lancaster 

Grafton 7,S9S. . .42,343.. .5,063. . .421. 



I Ilaverhil! 
' 1 PljTnouth 



ill ■■ult. F.slab. 



Comities. Dwell. P.'p. 

Hillsboro' 9,939 . . .57,477 . . .3,675. . .399 .... Amherst 

Merrimac 7,400. . .3^,445. ..3,220.. .215.... Co.ncohd 

Kockingham. .9,113. . .50,SS6. . .3,S11. . .9&4. . i J^j^r^^^uth 

Strafford 4.7G4. . .20,364. . .1,844. . .39*. . . .Dover 

Sullivan 8,649. . .19,375. . .2,129. . .141. . . .Newport 

The whole number of dwellings in the State was, at tho above date, 57,339, of families 62.2^7, and of inhabitants 317,864, 
viz., whites 317,3S9— males 155,902, and females 161,4S7; free colored 475— males 14^3, and females 232. Of the whole 
population, there were deaf and duml>—-w\i. 163, fr. col. 0— total 1G3; lUn<l~vi\\. 134, fr. col. 2— total 136; ihwk^— wh. 
8S5, fr. cnl. 0— total 3S5 ; and idiotic— v{h. 845, fr. col. 4— total 352. The number of free persons born in the United Slates, 
was 304.227; the number of foreign birth, 12,571 ; and of birth unknown, 17S. The native population originated as 
follows: Maine 9,635, Kew Hampshire 261,591, Verm. 11.256, Mass. 1S.495, It. I. SG4, Conn. I,l05, N. York 1,171, N. Jer. 
49, Penn. 14S, Del. 10, Md. 34, Dist. of Col. 14, Yirg. iS, N. Car. 10, S. Car. 21, Ga. 10, Flor. 1, Ala. 13, Miss. 9, La. 9, Tex. 
2, Ark. S, Tenn. 3, Ky. 11, Ohio 66, Mich. 4S, Ind. 20, III. 31, Mo. 12, la. 4, Wis. 10, Calif. 1, Territories 2; and i\\^ foreign 
population was composed of persons from— England 1,409, Ireland B.SU, Scotland 467, Wales 11, Germany 147, France 
69, Spain S, Belgium 0, Holland 1, Italy 0, Austria 1, Switzerlaml 9, Denmark 3, Norway 2, Sweden 12, Prussia 2, Asia 4, 
Africa 3, British America 2,501, Mexico 5, Central America 0, South America 31, West Indies 17, Sandwich Islands 3, and 
other countries -7. 

535 



NEW HAMPSHIRE. 



The following table will show the decennial progress of the population since the first census of the State, talicn by tbe 
United States authorities : 

Colored Persons. Decennial Increase. 

Census White , ' ^ Total , ^^ ^ 

Tears. Persons. Fret-. Slave. Tout. Popnialion. Numerical. Per cent. 

1790 141,111 630 15S TSS ...<.... 141,899 — — 

1800 182,873 85G 8 864 18.3,762 41,863 29.5 

1810 21-3,890 970 — 970 214,860 80,593 16.6 

1820 243,236 923 — 925 244,101 29,801 18.9 

1880 268,721 604 3 6U7 269,328 25,167 10.3 

18W 284,036 537 1 633 284,674 1.5.240 5.6 

1850 817,389 475 — 475 317,864 83,290 11.16 



The statistics of the wealth, productions, manufactures, and institutions of New Hampshire, as ascertained by the 
census of the Slate, taken in 1S50, and other oflioial reports referring to the same year, arc as follows: 

Occiipied Lands, etc. — Improved lands, 2,251 ,488 acres; and unimproved lands, 1,140,926 acres — valued in cash at 
$55,245,997. Whole number of farms under cidtivation, 29,229. Value of farming implements and machinery, $2,-314,125. 

Live-St^ck. — Horses, 34,233; asses and mules, 19; milch cows, 94,277; working oxen, 59,027; other cattle, 114^606; 
sheep, 884,756 ; swine, 63,487— valued in the aggregate at $8,871,901. The returns of 1340 exhibited the live-stock as 
follows : Horses, mule*, etc., 43,892 ; neat cattle of all descriptions, 275,562 ; sheep, 617,390 ; and swine, 121,671. 

Products 0/ Animals.— Voo\, 1,364,034 (in 1840, 1,260,517) pounds ; butter, 6,977.066 founds ; cheese, 8,196,563 pounds ; 
and the value of animals slaughtered in the year, $1,522,873. Silk cocoons were produceil to the amount of 4,191 (in 
1840, 419J) pounds, being two-sevenths the whole product of the United Stales ; and beeswax and honey to the amount 
of 117,140 pounds. 

Grain •Cr-o/w.— "Wheat, 185,658 bushels; rye, 18-3,117 bushels; Indian com, 1,573,670 bushels; oats, 978,381 bushels; 
barley, 70,256 bushels ; and buckwheat, 6.5,265 bushels- The crops of 1S39, according to the census of 1840, were as 
follows: Wheat, 422,124 bushels; rye, 808,143 bushels; Indian com, 1,162,572 bushels; oats, 1,296,114 busliels; barley, 
121,899 bushels ; and buckwheat, 105,103 bushels. 

OtJter Food Crops. — Peas and beans, 70,856 bushels ; and potatoes, Irish, 4,304,919 bushels. Tlie potato crop of 1839-40 
amounted to 6,206,606 bushels. 

Miseellaiif.ous Crops. — Tobacco, 50 pounds; hay, 598,354 (in 1840, 496,107) tons; clover-seed, 829 bushels; other 
grass-seed, 8,071 bushels; hops, 267,174 (in 1840, 243,425) pounds; flax, 7,652 pounds; flax-seed, 1S9 bushels; maple 
sugar, 1,294.86" pounds; molasses, 5,811 gallons; wine, 344 gallons, etc. Value of orchard products, $248,563 ; and of 
market-garden products, $56,810. 

Jlonie-made Manufactures were produced in the year ending 1st June, 1850, to the value of $393,455. 

Ifaii.'u/actures. — Aggregate capital invested, $00,000,000; value of all raw material, fuel, etc., $0,000,000: hands em- 
ployed—males 00,000, and females 00,000 ; monthly cost of labor, $000,000 ; entire value of products, $00.000,00.0. The 
capital employed in manufactures in 1840, was $9,252,448. The whole number of manufacturing establishments pro- 
ducing to the value of $500 and upward annually, on the 1st June, 1850, was 3,301 ; and of this number 44 were cottou 
Xactories, 61 woolen factories, 163 tanneries, and 29 iron manufactories- 26 making castings, 1 pig iron, and 2 wrought 
iron. The t^illowing are the general statistics of these sever-al manufactures : 

In the cotton manufacture a capital of $10,950,500 is invested, and hence in this interest New Hampshire is second 
only to Massachusetts, and equal to one-seventh the aggregate of the United States. It consumes annually 83,026 bales 
of cotton, and 7,079 tons coal, valued together at $4,839,429, and employs 12,122 hands— 2,911 males and 9,211 females, at 
a monthly cost of $199.844— to males $75,713, and to females $124,181. The annual products are !13,100.247 yards of 
sheeting, etc., and 149,700 pounds of yam— valued at $8,830,619. In 1S4U— capital invested, $5,523,200 ; hands, 6,991 ; 
value of products, $4,142,304. 

The woolen manufacmre employs a cjipiLal of $2,4.37,700 ; wool consumed, 8,604,103 pounds ; and coal, 3,600 tons — 
valued at $1,267,329; haAds, 2,127— males 926, and females 1,201; monthly cost of labor, $33,028— male $21,177, and 
female $17,451 : annual products, 9,712,840 yards of cloth, and 165.200 pounds yam— together valued at $2,127,745. In 
1340— capital, $740,345; bands, 893; value of products, $795,784. 

Tanneries use a capital of $441,976 ; value of all raw material, $.543,779 ; hands, 502 ; monthly cost of labor, $11,787 ; skins 
tanned, 109,595, and sides of leather tanned, 3:!3.153 ; value of products, $900,421. In 1840, capit;d $380,402 ; hands, 776. 

The statistics of the iron manufacture are as follows : 

Sperifications. Pls Iron. Cast Iron. Wrnuglit Iron. Total. 

Capital invested dollars... 2,000 232,700 4,000 236,700 

Ironoreused tons 500 — _ 500 

Other iron used " — 6,673 145 6,813 

Mineral coal consumed " — 1,6S0 — 1G3 

Coke, charcoal, etc " 60,000 20,500 50,000 120,500 

Value of all raw material dollars... 4,900 177,000 5,600 187,500 

Hands employed number.. 10 874 6 390 

Monthly cost of labor dollars... ISO 12,361 192 12,7:33 

Iron annually made tons 200 5,764 110 6,074 

Value of all products dollars. .. 6,000 371,710 10,400 888,110 

Besides the above principal manufactures, there are in New n.ampshire a great variety of others, less cotLspicuous, 
indeed, but which in the aggregate are little less valuable. Among these may be mentioned her numerous grist and saw 
mills, her carriage factories, paper-mills, powder-mills, machine-sliops, hardware, cutlery, etc., factories, etc. 

Commerce, Kamgatimi, rtc.— New Hampshire, in the year ending 30th June, 1850, exported to foreign countries, pro- 
duce and merchandise to the value of $8,927, and importeii to tliat of $49,079. Of the exports, $8,722 w;b the value of 
domestic produce — in American vessels $2,8.35, and in foreign vessels $.5,887, and $205 was the value of foreign produce 
re-exported ; and of the imports, $19,902 was the value of gooils carried in American vessels, and $29,117 that of goods 
carried in foreign vessels. The entrances and clearances for the same year were as follows : 
S36 



NEW HAJIPSHIRE. 



ENTCANCKS. 
N^tii.nnlity, Vess-jls. 

American 9 

Foreign lOt 



Total. 



110 



Tonnage. 

. 8,572 
. T,472 

11,044 



Crfw« 

. 181 

. fil2 

643 



Nalion.-ility. 

American. . . . 
Foreign 



CLEAKASCES. 
Veesele. 

5 .... 

103 .... 



Total . 



lur 



7.531 



8,213 



Crews 
. 34 
. 617 

551 



Tliis commerce ln-InniH to tlie port of Portsmoutli, the only port of entrj- in the State. Tlie great bullc of the commercial 
material of New Ilamjtyliire is curried to Boston for exportation, and its forei;j:n .supplies are ehiefl.v brouj;lit tlirough the 
Bamc channel. The foUowinj^ table will e.xhibit the variations of the imports Jiud exports for a scries of years : 



Tear, Kxporta, 

1791 $142.S59 . 

1792 181.413 . 

1T93 198,204 . 

1794 153.860. 

1795 229,427 . 

179i; 379,161. 

1797 275,840 . 

179S ,301,463. 

1799 ....... S01,7S9 . 

1800 44S1,S3G . 

1801 5.W,0S5 . 

1SII2 506,394 , 



Imports. 



, 494,020 . 
. 716,091 . 
1805 608,403 . 



1803 . 
18114 . 



1806 . 

1807 . 
ISOS . 
1609 . 



. 795,203 . 

. 680,022 . 

. 125,059 . 

. 236,505 . 

1810 281,650 . 



Year. 


Exp 


1311 .... 


... $36S, 


1812 .... 


... 203 


1813 .... 


... 29, 


1814.... 


... 37, 


1815 .... 


... 109, 


ISlS.... 


... 140. 


1817 .... 


... 197, 


1818 .... 


... 130 


1819 .... 


.... 157 


1S20 .... 


... 240 


1891 .... 


. . . . 200 


1823 .... 


... 199 


1823 .... 


... 237 


1S24 .... 


... 1S5 


1825 .... 


. . . 198 


1826.... 


. . . 167, 


1327 .... 


, . . 177, 


1S23 .... 


... 124, 


1829 .... 


... 105, 


18:30 .... 


... 96, 



orLt. 


Import.*. 


S63 . . . 


...$ 


,401 . . . 




,996 . . . 




•337... 




,7.82 ... 




293 . . . 




,424 . . . 




,643 ... 




,919 ... 




,S00 ... 




,765 . . . 


... 850,021 


.099 . . . 


. . . 330,0,52 


,705 ... 


... 571.7T0 


..383 ... 


... 245.513 


.080 . . . 


... a31.244 


075 ... 


... 843,009 


S9S . . . 


... .302,211 


4.3S... 


... 299,349 


740 .. . 


... 179,889 


184 ... 


... 130,828 



ye.ir. 
1331 , 

1832 . 

1833 . 

1834 . 
1S36 . 
1336 . 
Is:i7 . 
1338 . 
18;!9 . 

1340 . 

1341 . 
1*43 . 

1343 . 

1344 , 
1845 . 
1346 . 
1847 . 
J84S . 
1<49 . 
1850 . 



Kxport8. 


Imports, 


*1 11,223 ... 


. . . $146,205 


116,583 , . . 


... 116,171 


1.53,253 . . . 


... 167,751 


79,656 . . . 


,.. 113.695 


81,081 ... 


.. 71.514 


15.520 ... 


. . . 64,354 


84,641 . . . 


... S1,4;J4 


74.670 . . . 


. .. 169,933 


81,944 .,. 


... 61,407 


20,979 . . . 


... 114,647 


10,348 . . . 


... T.3.701 


28.547 ... 


... 60,481 


44.774 . . . 


... 8,239 


6,084 . . . 


. ,. 81,421) 


2.384 . . . 


. . . 22,639 


5,fi72 ... 


. . . 16,435 


1,690 ... 


... 16,9.35 


8,343 . . . 


. . . 61 .SOS 


6,378 . . . 


. . . 64,851 


8,927 .,. 


. . . 49,079 



The t'Mal shipping owned in the State at the date referred to amounted to 25.09G: registered shipping, 14.0T9 Ions; 
enrolled and licensed, 7,'=^3 tons; and licensed (under20 ton boats), 224 tons. The proportion of the eiiri>lK'd and licA^nised 
tonnage employed in the coasting trade was 4,025 tons, in the cod fishery 2,G(}4 tons, and in tlie mackerel fishery 1,204 
tons. The shipping built in the State during the year consisted of S ships and 2 schooners, with an aggregate burden of 
6,914 tons. 

Internal Irnprovemeni. — New Hampshire has completed a fine system of railroads, the principal lines being in a 
N. W. and a S. E. direction, or between the Atlantic sea-board at IJoston and rorlsnioutli, and the Connecticut Kiver, 
where conncetiun is made with the Vermont lines to Lake Chainplain and Canada, The great AlUinlic and J*l. Lawrence 
Eaiiroad also traverses the State in the North section. Most of the lines in the southern part of the Stale centre at 
Concord, the capital, and thence diverge in every direction. The total length of completed railroad in tlie State, on the 
1st of Jannary, iSoS, was 4S0 miles, or 1 mile to every 17 square miles of territory, or to every CG2 inhabitants. 

^r7n/-.9, ,^\_Tlierc were 22 banks in the State, in Deeeml»er. ISoO, the condition of wliich was as follows: IJalnUties— 
capital, ^■j.;i7r.,'.MlO ; circulation, $1,897.111 ; and deposits. $560,634 ; imdassds — loans and discounts, $3,S21,120 ; real estate, 
3;4:i.';70; du«' hyolhcr banks, $477,453; notes of other banks, $91,444; and specie, $129,399. Thirteen savings' iuslitutions 
at the above date had deposits to the amount of $1,641,512. 

Government. — The constitution of 1784. as amended in 1792, is the fundamental law of the State. A new constitution 
■was framed by a convention in 1S50, but was subsequently rejected by the pttiple. 

The rifjht nf suffrage is secured to every male inhabiUint 21 years old, excepting paupers and persons excused from 
paying taxes at their own request. The general election is held on the 2d Tuesday in March annually. i , 

The General Court consists of a House of Representatives and a Senate. Kepresentatives shall have resided for the 
last two years in the State, shall have an estate valued at $100 (at the rate of six shillings and eight jience the ounce of 
silver), one-half thereof to be freehold within their district, and shall be inhabitants of their district. Every town of 150 
rateabli? ])olls, 21 years old, may choose 1 representative, and every 800 such polls additional shall entitle the town to an- 
other ri-pr('>;eiuative. There are also classed towns, and towns allowed by special act to send representatives. The Senate 
consists of 12 members, who must be 30 years old, inhabitants of the State for seven years, and seized of a freehold of 
$200 value within the State. Senatorial districts, 12 in immber. shall be set off " according to the proportion of public 
taxes paid by the said districts.'' In case of a vacancy in a senatorial district, one of the two candidides having most 
votes in the district shall be chosen by the legislature on joint ballot The legislature thus constituted meets on the 1st 
Monday of June annually. 

The Exfc iith-t' Council consists of 5 coimcilors, and is elected annually by the people. Councilors must be 30 years of 
age. 7 years resident in the State, and possu'ssed of an estate of $500, of which $300 shall be freehold. Vacancies are filled 
as in the Senate. The governor convenes the comicil, and their resolutions and advice arc recorded in a public record, 
and signed by those agreeing thereto. 

The Governor sh^]\ have the qualifications of a councilor, except as to his estate, which shall be $300, one-half freehold. 
If there bo no choice of governor by the people, one of the two highest candidates shall be chosen by the General Court 
on joint ballot. The governor may veto a bill, but two-thirds of both houses voting subsequently in favor of its passage, 
it becomes law nevertheless. "With the assistance of the council he shall nominate and appoint all judicial officers, the 
Attorney-gencrHl. solicitors, sheriffs, and registers of probate. The governor and council shall have a negative on each 
other, bolli in nominations and aiipointments. 

The JntHcUiry consists of the Superior Court, Courts of Common Pleas, Courts of Probate, etc. The superior court 
consists of a cliief-justice and four associate justices. At the session of the legislature in June, ISol, provision was made 

537 



NEW HAMPSHIRE. 



for appointing four circuit justices of common picas : two only are now appointed. If a vacancy other than in the ofiBce 
of the chicl'-justtce occurs in the superior court, it is nut to be tilled, but an additional circuit justice of the common pleas 
is to bo appointed until the whole number of four is tlUed up, and after that the superior court will consist of the chief- 
justice and two associate justices, any two of whom will be a quorum. Two terras of the superior court are held annually 
at Concord, on the 2d Tuesdays of July and December, for the hearing and determining of questions of law and petitions 
for divorce from all the counties in the Stole. This court is also Tested with chancery powers. At the trial of capital cases 
two justices of the superior court, or one justice of the superior court and one circuit judge are required to be present 
The judges of the superior court of judicature are er-officlo judges of the court of common pleas. This court, before which 
all actions for recovery of debts, enforcement of conlMcts, etc., and all jury trials are brought, consists of one of the justices 
of the superior court, or one of the circuit judges of the court of common pleas, and of any two county justices, who are 
generally appointed from among the yeomanry, whose prmcipal duty it is to attend to the ordinary business of the county, 
its roads, expenses, etc. Terms of the common pleas are held semi-annually in each county. Grafton County is divided 
into two judicial districts, and terms are held semi-annually in each district. County treasurers and registers shall be 
elected by the counties. Justices of the peace are appointed for live years, with jurisdiction in cases below £4. Clerks 
of courts shall be appointed by the courts. AH judicial ofiflcers shall hold office during good behavior, or until 70 years of 
age, but are removable on address of both houses of the legislature. 

2^0 person can hold any office of profit or ko7tor ityuier this government unless h^ be of tfM Protestant reliffion. 

Every seven years the people shall vote for or against amending the constitution, and if a m.ajority of the votes be in 
fovor thereof, the general court shall call a convention ; and if theu- amendments be approved by two-thirds of the votes 
when submitted to the people, they shall be adopted. » 

The militia force of New Hampshire comprises 32,151 men of all arms, of which 1,34S are commissioned officers, and 
80,803 non-commissioned officers, musicians, privates, etc. Of the commissioned officers 12 are gener.al officers, 51 
general staff-officers, 336 field officers, etc., and 949 company officers. There is a school of instruction for officers. Every 
white male between IS and 45 years of age, except such as the law e-tcepts, is enroDed annually. Parades were abolished 
by the leeislature in 1S50 ; but volunteer companies may remain organized, and new companies be formed, and each 
volunteer who has performed his duty acceptably shall receive $3 annually from the select-men of the town to which he 
belongs. The militia is organized in 4 divisions, 8 brigades, and 42 regiments. The governor is commander-in-chief. 

The New Hampshire Asylum for the Insane, located at Concord, is a State institution. It is one of the most efficient 
establishments of the kind in the Union. Adjoining the asylum are more than 120 acres of valuable lands, well adapted 
to the wants of the institution, which is cultivated by the labor of the patients. The number of patients in the asylum 
31st May, IbiO, was 144 ; admitted during the year following, 103 ; discharged during the year, 90 ; recovered, 45 ; par- 
tially recovered, IS ; not relieved, 20, and" died, 7. tlemaining under treatment 1st January, 1S50, 127, of which .53 were 
females. The sum of $1,600 was granted by the legislature June, 1S50, for the relief of the indigent insane. The price 
of board, etc., for patients from this State is $2 25 for the first 13 weeks, and $2 for all subsequent time. The blind are 
provided for in the Perkins Institution of Massachusetts, and the deaf and dumb in the American Asylum of Coimecticut. 

Mnances, Debts, etc.— The total receipts into the State treasury for the year ending 5th June, 1S50, was $172,056 55, 
and the expeaditures for the same period, .$107,011 03— excess of receipts, $5,044 92. The chief sources of income were: 
balance in treasury 6th .June, 1S49, $6,126 SO; railroad tax, $49,414 29; money borrowed, $51,400; civil commissions 
(fees), $175 ; State tax for 1S49 and previous years, $59,547 21 ; allowance by United States of Indian Stream claim, 
$5,302 66: and the principal objects of expenditure were: salaries, executive and judicial, $19,01S .36; pay of council, 
$885 40 ; pay of senate, $1,07S 60 ; pay of representatives, $20,127 40 ; money tjorrowed and repaid, $58,145 S3 ; State 
printing, .$2,'951 50; publishing laws, $380 50; New Hampshire Asylum for Insane (new building), $16,000; Perkins 
Institution, education of the blind, $750 : American Asylum, education of deaf and dumb, $2,076 ; officers' school of 
Instruction, $7,731 20. The state of the treasury on the 5th June, 1S50, w.ts : total amount of available funds', $6,603 84 ; 
and total amount of indebtedness, $26,601 67 ; balance against the treasury, $2,997 81. The assessed value of real and 
personal property in the State in 1S50, was .$92,177,9.'J3, and the true or estimated value was $103,682,8.35. 

Federal Representation.— 'S.evi Hampshire, in accordance with the federal act of 23d May, 1850, sends three repro- 
sentaiives to the Congress of the United States. 

Education. — The common schools of the State are under county commissioners, who form a board of education, and 
meet at Concord on the third Wednesday in August annually. Their duly is to recommend such books :is may appear 
•to tlicm most suitable to be used in the schools, and such methods of instruction, modes of government aiul discipline, as 
may best promote the advancement of the schools. In each toivn is a superintending committee, which reports to the 
Secretary of the State by the first day of April, the condition aud progress of each school, and the secretary is requested 
to hand over the several returns so received to the Secretary of the Board of Education. Each county commissioner 
spends at least one day in each town of his county to promote the cause of education by addresses, etc., and he has also 
charge of any teachers' institute that may be held in his county. The office of State School Commissioner was abolished 
by the general court of 1850. The whole number of school ilistricts reported June, 1S50, was 2,167; average attendance 
in the winter schools, 60,271, and in the summer schools, 46,225 ; average length of winter schools, 9 4-5 weeks, and of 
summer schools, 9 2-5 weeks. Average monthly wages of male teachers, $14 73, and of female teachers, $6 21; number 
of male teachers in winter schools, 1,246, and of female teachers, 961; money raised by taxes for schools. $145,592; 
amount contributed in board and fuel, $9,73S; income of locid funds, $S,097; interest of literary fund, $10,790: amount 
for teachers and institutes, $1,020, being an aggregate of $174,517 raised for the district schools. The number of incor- 
porated academies in the State at the date referred to was 88. and the whole number of pupils attending them, 3.261. 
Number of unincorporated academies, private schools, and schools kept to prolong common schools, 74, attended by an 
average of 3,698 scholars. 

Dartmouth College is the only collegiate institution of the State ; it was founded in 1769, and is located at Hanover. 
The academical faculty consists of a president and 10 professors, and in 1S60 it had 3,710 alumni, of which about 800 were 
in the ministry, and 237 students. Its library contained nearly 25,000 volumes. The New Hampshire Medical College at 
the same place, founded 1798, is a department of Dartmouth. II has a president, six professors, and a demonstr.ator of 
anatomy, and in 1S50 had 45 students. Its graduates of that date numbered 850. The Chandler School of Science and 
the Arts opened August, 1S52, and, founded on a donation of $50,01)0, bequeathed by the wUl of the late Mr. Chandler, of 
Boston, is attached to the Dartmouth College. There are in the State four theological schools: the New Hampton Acad- 
emical :md Theological Institution, founded 1825; the Methodist General Biblical Institute, founded 1S47, and located at 
533 



NEW HAMPSHIRE. 



Concord; the New Hampshire Conference Seminary at Northfleld, and the Gilmanton Theological Seminary, founded 
in 1S35. 

i'i(W/cZi&ra;'i»?*.— One State library^JOO volumes; 9 social— 13,S7S volumes ; 1 College — 6,4l>0 volumes ; 5BtuiIents'— 
16,200 volumes; 7 professional and academic— 10,700 volumes; 2 seienliflc and historical— 2,800 volumes; 25 public 
school — 2,500 volumes; total, 50 libraries, and 57,17S volumes. 

Periodical Press. — The whole number of periodicals and newspapers published in New Hampshire in 1$50. was 41 — 
of which 10 were whig, and 10 democratic in politics, ami 21 neutral, or devoted to rdigion, science, literature, etc., in- 
cluding all the character of which had not been asecrlaincd ; and of the whole number 2 were published daily, 86 wceiily, 
1 semi-monthly, and 2 monthly. The total circulation of the dailies was about 1,500 copies at each issue; of the weeklies, 
5S,426; of the semi-monthly, 600 ; and of the monthly, 1,150 copies. The dailiis were published at Mnuchcstrr aud 
Porlsmouth ; the weeklies, 1 each at "Winchester. Lancaster. Manchester (Coos co.). Lelianon, Havcrliill, reterbum', Nashua 
Village, Auiherst, Kxeter, Claremont, and Newport; 2 each atMeredith Bridge, Nashua, and Great Falls; :^cneli at Ki'(-no 
and Porlsmouth ; 4 each atManchester and Concord, and 5 at Dover ; the semi-mont/di/ at Concord ; and the invHthHt.s at 
Hanover and Dover. 

lielitjioius Den<nninatioM, — The general atatiatica of the several reUgious denominations in the State, for the year ISoO, 



were as follows : 



Denornina- No- oT 


Churcli 


Value of 


Dennmina- No. of 


Church 


tioiis. Cliiir.Sies. 


n.Lum. 


Property. 


tions. Cburches. 


accoin. 


Baptist ISO .. 


62,621 . 


. $318,756 


German Eef. — . . 


— 


Christian ... . 23 .. 
Con);figat'1..172 .. 


7,260 . 


. 80,350 


Jewish — .. 


— 


79,656 . 


. 627,340 


Lutheran ... — . . 


— 


Dutch Kcl'... — .. 


_ , 


— 


Mennonile , . — . . 


— 


Epi.seopal ... 11 .. 


4,425 . 


. 41,400 


Methodist... 99 ., 


32,840 


Free 2.. 


750 . 


4,000 


Moravian ... — . . 


— . 


Frimda 15 .. 


4,700 . 


. 15,200 


Fresbj terian 13 . . 


6,500 



Value of 
Pruperty. 



175,290 



Pennmina- No. of 


Clmrch 


V.ilwe o( 


til. .13. Churclies 


ai-iri.m. 


I'' ".V. 


P.. Catholic. . 2.. 


1,4.50 .. 


$20,000 


Sweilenbo'n. — .. 


_ .. 


_ 


Tunker — .. 


_ 


_ 


Union 82 .. 


10,450 . . 


39,350 


Unitarian.... 13 .. 


8,8S0.. 


72,800 


Universalist,. 36 .. 


14,2S0 . . 


63,100 


Minor Sects. 4 .. 


1,100 .. 


3,000 



—making a total of 602 churches, having accommodations for 233,892 persons, and valued as property at $1,401,586. New 
Hampshire constitutes a diocese of the Protestant Episcopal Church, and a portion of tie Eomau Calholio diocese of 
Eoattm. 

Pauperism and CritM.— The whole number of paupers who wore relieved or supported in the State durina tlfb year 
ending 1st June, 1850, was 3,600, of whom 2,8,53 were native-ljorn, and 747 foreign-born ; and the whole number of pau- 
pers on the list .it the date specified, was 2.183, of whom 1,993 were native-born, and 186 foreigners. Annual cost of sup- 
port, $167,351. The State Prison is located at Concord, and was first opened for the reception of convicts in 1812, from 
which period to June, 1S50, there had been 796 commitments. Whole number of inmates on 81st May, 1849, eiijhtij-two; 
received in 1849-50, tMrty-do ; and discharged, 27; leaving in prison 91—88 males, and 3 females; and of these 72 wero 
committed for offenses against property, 1 for arson, 8 for rape, 2 fur manslaughter, and 4 for murder. Expenditure for 
Uic year. $7,.5n9. 

Tile first settlements in New Hampshire were made by Gorges and Mason, two of the most active members of the 
riyiriinilh Company. In 1621, Mason obtained a grant of all the lands between the Naumkeag and Merrimac.and in the 
next year another grant was made to Mason and Gorges of the country between the Merrimac tmd Sagadahock rivers, 
rhe first tract was named Mariana, and the latter Laconia. Designing to establish fisheries, they sent over in 1023 a 
, .ilnny— one division of which landed at Little Harbor, on the southern shore of the Piscat,tqua, and the other settled at 
Dover. Other settlements were effected on the coast both by the granters under Mason, and by emigrants from Plymouth 
;ind Massachusetts. Fishing and trading being the sole objects of these parties, the seWements were slow in their progress 
for many years. 

In 1629, Mason procured a further grant of the land between the Piscalaqua and Merrimac, and extending GO miles into 
Uie country, and this he called New Hampshire. In 1631, a house, called the Great House, was built at Strawberry Hill, 
now Portsmouth. In 1633, John Wheelwright, the brother of the celebrated Mrs. Hutchinson, banished from Massaehu- 
fitls for his Antinoniian principles, came with a number of his adherents to Squamscot Falls, where they founded 
l:xeler. Here they combined, as a body politic, chose rulers and swore to obey them. Similar governments wero 
f stablished by the colonists at Dover and Strawberry Hill. All these petty establishments, however, placed themselves 
under the protection of Massachusetts in 1641, and wero governed as a part of that colony until 1680, the year previous to 
which a decree was piissed constituting New Hampshire a separate province. A president and council wero now 
:ippointed by the crown, and a house of representatives elected by the people. The first assembly, consisting of eleven 
lursons, met at Porlsmouth the same year. At this session a code of laws were enacted, of which the firstdeclared, "That 
111. act, imposition, law, or ordntmce should be imposed upon the inhabitants of the province, but such as shouhl be made 
by the assembly, and approved by the president and council." From 1075, to the accession of James II., the colony was 
iiuieh flislurbcii by contentions between the heirs of Mason and the holders of lan.i ; nor was it, indeed, until 1747, that 
peace was secured- in that year all claims having been purehasoil by the government. These contcnlions retarded 
greatly the progress of the colony, and were a main source of the grievances which alienated the public affections from 
tlie mother country. 

On the accession of .James to the English throne, new schemes of oppression were meditated for the colonies, and every 
vestige of liberty was to be erased. In 1686, Sir E.lmond Andros arrived at Boston, commissioned as Governor in Chief 
over all New England, and authorized with his council to make such Laws and impose such taxes as he thought proper. 
New Hampshire had already declared her will, which was ofl'ensive to the governing powers, .and, like her sister colonies, 
became a prey to his tyranny— the press was shackle.I, liberty of conscience inva.le.l, and oppressive taxes imposed, and, 
ti. prevent coinplaiiits being heard, no person was allowed to leave the country without express license. This state of 
things continued until the Revolution in England, when Andros was seize.l by the people and sent home a prisoner. 

New Hanijjshire being now without a government, the people determined to return to their ancient connection with 
Maasachuaells. This union only lasted three years, a separation having been determined on and effected by the English 
nutliorities. 

New Hampshire was, perhaps, of all the colonies, the one that suffere.l most from In.lian hostilities. From her earliest 
sctUement her progress was retarded by savage inroad, nor did the Indian cease from his forays until the reduction of 

639 



NEW 



NEW 



Quebec. In the twelve years of peace that followed, New Hampshire increased wonderfully in population and wealth. 
Her settlements extended farther west than the original limits prescribed by the palenta, and until iTtil it was supposed 
that the territory which now forms the State of Vermont was part of the province, and grants were accordingly made by 
the aulhorilies in that direction. The district, however, was allotted to New York, and a vexatious controversy ensued, 
whieii continued until the independence of Vermont was acknowledged in 1790. During the conteat many towns lying 
near the Connecticut attached themselves to the Vermontese, but in the end retmned to their former allegiance. 

The Slate bore an active and honorable part in the war of the Kevolution. On the arrival of news of the battle of 
Lexington, 1.200 men marched to the assistance of their brethren at Boston. The royal governors were obliged to seek 
safety in flight, and a temporary government was established. In 1792, a permanent consLitution was formed. 

The present prosperous condition of the Slate may be attributed to the unswer\'ing patriotism and virtues which have 
ever distinguished its people. Still there are many points in the institutions of New Hampshire which savor of intoler- 
ance and bigotry, and of the^e none stand so prominently pre-eminent as the Protestant clauses of the Constitution, and 
the virtual exclusion of the moneyless man from the higher oflflces of Slate. A closer contact with the neighboring States, 
which Ihe railroad system of the country will now insure, must, however, at no distant day, liberalize the views of the 
people, and etTect all desirable reforms. The provisions of the rejected constitution of 1S50 would have done much toward 
this end had it been approved, and all cause of reproach would have hence been removed. The document referred to, 
indeed, is a sufficient indication that no little progress has been effected, and that Ne^v Hampshire has sons who know 
how and are willing to redeem her from the antiquated errors that envelop her government policy. 

CoxcoBD, on the Merrimac river, is the political capital of the State. 



Ni:w Hampton, t and p. v., Belknap co., JV. Hamp. : on 
E. sidi' of Peniigewassctt r., 30 m. N. by "W. Concord. Sur- 
face uneven ; soil remarkably fertile. The Bostttn, Concord, 
and Montreal R. R. passes through the N. E. part of the t 
" The New Hampton Academy and Theological Institu- 
tion" is one of the best seminaries in the State. The theo- 
logical department was established in 1S25, and in ISoO had 
2 professors, 36 students, and 2,000 volumes in library. Pop. 
of 1. 1,612. 

Nf.w Hampton, p. v. and sta., Hunterdon co., N. Jer. : 
on E. side of Museonetong cr., 85 m. N. N. W. Trenton, and 
by the New Jersey Central R. R., 65 m. from New York. 

New Hampton, p. v.. Orange co., JVl 5'. ; on W. bank of 
Uie Wallkill. 90 m. S. S. W. Albany; is a station on the Erie 
E. U., 74 m. from New York. 

New Uaso^-ek county, A"". Car. Situate S. E., and con- 
tains 993 sq. m. Drained by N. E. branch of Cape Fear r. 
and its tributaries. Surface level and low, a large part being 
swamps in tlie E. section of the co. ; soil, where nut t*io wet 
for cultivation, is fertile. Staples, rice, cotton, and Indian 
corn. Excellent grazing land is gained by the tlraining of 
the swamps. On the Atlantic shore, which bounds it ou the 
S. E., are long narrow islands, the land lying low, and hav- 
ing inlets to the inner basin. Farms 559 ; manuf. 1S6 ; 
dwell. 1,SS4, and pop.— wh. 8,190, fr. col. S97, si. S.5S7— total 
17,G63. (.^«/>i7(/i.' "Wilmington. Public Works: VfUm'mgton 
and Weldon R. R. ; "Wilniinglon and Manchester R. R. 

New Hanover, t. and p. v., Montgomery co,, Penn.: 
70 m. E. Harrisburg. Drained by Swamp cr. Surface un- 
even ; soil red shale and loam, tolerably productive. The 
V. is on Swamp cr., where are several mills. 

New Harmony, t. and p. v., Posey co., Ind. : on E. bank 
of Waliash r., 143 m. S. W. by S. Indianapolis. This t is 
remarkable for its history as the theatre of two " social com- 
munities." In 1814 a society of Germans, under the direc- 
tion of George Rjii)p, removed here from Butler co., Penn., 
where they had first siHded upon tlieir arrival from Europe. 
Here llicy purchased about 17,000 acres of land ()f excellent 
quality, which tliey cleared, planted, and finely cultivated, 
erecting good houses, churches, etc. They ]i\ ed and labored 
in common until 1S24, when they sold iheir settlement to 
Robert Owen, and moved to their present setllemeut at 
Economy, Beaver co., Pemi. The communily of Robert 
Owen was for a lime very large, but ultimately became dis- 
cordant, and broke up as a complete failure. 

NewHaurisbui:g, p. v.,Carroll co., C/i/o; 102m. E.N. E. 
Columbus. 

New Hartford, t, and p. o.. Litchfield co.. Conn.: IS m. 
W. by N. Harllurd, 39 m. N. by W. New Haven. Surface 
hilly ; soil gravelly loam. Drained by head branches of 
Farmington r. ; contains several factories. Pop. 2,663. 

New IIaktkoki>, p. v., Pike co., UL: C7 m. W. by S. 
Bpriugfleld. 
MO 



New Haetfokd, t. and p. v., Oneida co., K. Y. : S6 m. 
W. N. W. Albany. Surface of t. diversified ; soil rich, cal- 
careous loam, very fertile, and well cultivated. Drained by 
Sadaquada cr., which affords extensive water-power to nu- 
merous factories. Two cotton factories of the v. are very 
extensive. Pop. of t 4,S47. 

New Hartford Centre, p. v., Litchfield comity. Conn. : 
19 m. W. by N. Hartford, 39 m. N. by W. New Haven. 
Drained by Farmington r. ; contains several factories. 

New Ha^-es county, Conn. Situate S., and contains 545 
sq. m. Drained by Naugatuck, Pomperaug, Quinnepac, 
Mill, West, and Menunkatuck rivers. Surface uneven ; soil 
varied,in some parts being strong and very productive, and 
in others consisting of a light sandy loam, and less fertile. 
Farms 2.794; manuf. 521; dwell. 10,204, and pop.— wh. 
60.730, fr. col. 1,390— total 62.126. Capitul: New Haven. 
Pahlic Works : New Haven, Hartford, and Springfield 
R. K. ; New Haven and Northampton R. R. ; Naugatuck 
R. R. ; New York and Boston (air line) R. R. ; New Haven 
and New York R. R. ; New Haven and New London 
R. R., etc. 

New Haven, t, p. city, port of entry, and cap. New Haven 
CO., Conn.: one of the capitals of Connecticut, is situated at 
the head of New Haven Bay, which sets up N. 4 m. from 
Long Island Sound. Lat N. 41° IS' 23", long. W. from 
Greenwich 72° 56' 45", and E. from Washington 4° 5' 15". 
It is 36 m. S. S. W. Harlfurd, the oilier capital of the State ; 
from Boston by R. R. 160 m. ; from New York 76 m. ; from 
Washington 223 m. New Haven colony was settled in 
April. 163S; the city incorporated in 17S4. The city is on 
a large and beautiful plain, slightly inclined to the water, 
surrounded on three sides by hills, the termination of the 
western trap range, of which tlie extreme points, called 
East and West Rocks, are very bolil, rocky eminences — the 
former 370, the latter 400 feet Jiigh; these are rude, bare 
trap rocks, of liglil^red color, with nearly perpendicular 
fronts, the most notable natural objects in the vicinity-, and 
much visited in summer by citizens and strangers to enjoy 
the delightful prospect which they afford of the city, bay, 
and Souufi. New Haven (city) occupies about 6 sq. m., and 
is very regularly laid out. The streets are so generally lined 
with noble elms that the city is called *' the City of Elms.'' 
Tlie central square, a public park, is bordered and crossed 
with numerous rows of elms, and is considered the finest 
public ground in the United Slates. The "Temple-street 
row of elms"' is not surpassed for beauty in the world. In 
this square are 3 flue churches, the State House, an elegant 
edifice of Grecian architerture, built of brick, painted white, 
and the monument to Colonel Dixwell, one of the ngicidcs, 
erected in 1*49. The profusion of fuli.age. the fine and 
cleanly streets, with the rural appearance of mimy houses, 
surrounded by trees, shrulibery, and gardens, wliich char- 
acterize this city, combine in it the attractions of both city 



NEW- 



NEW 



and country. The churches. 22 in number, are handsf>me 
structures. Or these, 8 are Congregational, 4 Episcopal, 4 
Methodist, 2 Baptist, 2 Catholic. 1 Universalisl, 1 Jewish 
Synagogue. The cemetery, in the N. E. part of cy.. is beau- 
tifully laid out, has an impoging entrance of freestone, in 
Eg)-ptian architecture, and surrounded by high .nntl mas.sive 
iron fence and stone wall. Here are interred the remains 
of Eli Whitney, Noah Webster, Rev. J. Asbmun, Colonel 
Humphrey, and many other eminent men. The new cem- 
etery, and Wooster Square, are fine grounds, well laid out. 
The Slate Hospital, founded in 1S32, is a substantial stone 
edifice, on elevated ground. The now R. E. Station-house 
is one of the "finest structures of the kind in the United 
States. A few of the manufactories are very extensive, pnr- 
tieularly those of carriages and clocks. There are 4 banks, 
with a capital of $1.9^7.625. The taxable properly in ISTil 
was assessecl at $12,720,911. Three newspapers arc pub- 
lished daily, publishing, also, tri-weekly and weekly edi- 
tions : *' Journal and C-ourier" (whig), " Palladium" (whig), 
" Columbian Register'' (dem.), two quarterlies, " New En- 
glander" (Cong.), and "Church Review'' (Episc.) The 
"American Journal of Science," commenced in 1S19 by 
Professor Silliman, now published bi-monthly, ranks with 
Uie ablest scientific journals in Europe. " The Vale Literary 
Magazine" is published by the students monthly. 

Yale College. — This noble institution (the third college 
established in United States), founded in 1700, and removed 
here in 1717, is, next to Harvard College, the principal uni- 
versity in America. At presenti and for a nmnber of years 
past, it has had a larger number of students in the collegiate 
course than any other. Total number of alumni in 1S50, 
5.932, of whom 1.5S7 had entered the ministrj-; instructors, 
22; students, 4:52; volumes in library, 51.000; commence- 
ment, last Thursday in July. The edifices present a flue 
appearance, fronting the public green. In the front range 
are five large brick edifices, four stories high, occupied by 
student.^ ; three buildings, having cupolas, between the col- 
Ii-ge halls, are used as chapel, recitation rooms, etc. In 
the rear are the library buildings, mineralogical cabinet, 
Trumbull Gallery, etc. ; the former are fine edifices of brown 
freestone, of Gothic architecture, divided into five separate 
flre-pro(tf compartments. The central edifice, lol feet long, 
contains the college library : the others contain libraries of 
societies of students. The cabinet of minerals and geolog- 
ical specimens is the most valuable in the United States, 
and surpa.ssed by only two in Europe. The Trumbull Galle- 
r}', erected 1S31, contains the splendid collection of paitilings 
ofCol. John Trumbull, consisting ofeight historical paintings 
from subjects founded on the American Revolution, and 
about 2511 porti-aits of distinguished persons. With the college 
proper are associated four professional schools, viz.. of med- 
icine, law, theology, and scientific department. The Med- 
ical College, founded in 1S13. has a fine edifice, valuable 
anatumieal museum, 6 professors, 8S sludent.% 595 graduates. 
The ThL'ologieal Department, established 1S22, has 3 pro- 
fessors, 3S students, 621 graduates, 900 volumes in library. 
Law School, 2 professors, 26 students. Scientific School, 2 
professors. 30 students. Besides Yale College, New Haven 
has many seminaries, male and female, of high reputation, 
various learned societies, and two popular lyceums, having 
libraries, reading-rooms, etc, 

Conimerc^, — The harbor is spacious but shallow, and 
gradually filling up. It receives three rivers, Quinuipiac 
and Mill r. on the E., and West r. on the W. To accom- 
modate lar^e vessels, a wharf, called "Long Wharf,*' was 
constructed many years since. The filling up of the harbor 
has Several times required its extension ; it is now nearly a 
mile in length, the longest in the United States. New 
Haven h.is a larger commerce with foreign countries than 
any otlier port in the State, and an extensive coasting trade. 
lU fisheries in oysters, clams, etc., are extensive and valua- 
ble. The total tonnage of New Haven district, on SOih 
June, 1S50, was 15,731 tons, of which 4,995 Ions were regis- 



tered "permanent,*' and 10,736 tons were enrolled and 
licensed. Of the latter 10,440 tons were employed in the 
cojialing trade, and 2,56S tons were propelled by sit-.-im. 
During the year ending 30th June, ISoO. the total of clear- 
ances was 72 — 13,400 tons, men in crews, 591; number of 
entrances, S9 — 16.177 tons, men in crews, 695. Vessels built 
during the year, 12 — 1.110 tons, A passenger steamboat 
plies daily to New York. Four important railroads now 
terminate at New Haven, and connect at the main station: 
to New Vork, 76 m. ; toSpriiigfleM,f52 m. ; to New Loiul-m, 
50 m. ; to Tariffviile, 45 m., which will be continued to North- 
ampton. To these will be added the direct line to Boston, tv'a 
Middletown. Pop. of city in 1S30, 10,130; in l-4o,12.li0n; in 
1S50, 20,345. Pop. of cily and t. in 1S40, 14,S00 : in ls50, 22.539. 

New Haven, p. v., Gallatin eo.. 111. : on the S. W. side 
of Little Wabash r., 2 m. above its entrance into the Wa- 
bash river, and 153 m. S. S. E. Springfield. It has several 
stores, and is surrounded by a very fertile country. 

New Haven, p. o., Allen county, Inil. : 100 m. N. N, E 
Indianapolis. 

New IIaven, p. v.. Nelson co., Ky. : on the Rolling Fork 
of Salt r., 54 m. S. W. Frankfort. Near the v. is the large 
"Abbey of La Trappe," established in 1S4S from Naules, 
France. The community now number C2 religious. The 
farm embraces 1,400 acres. 

New Haven, p. o., Macomb county, AflcJi^ : SO m. E. 
Lansing. 

Nev/ Haten, t. and p. v., Oswego co., y. T. : 145 m. 
W. N. W. Albany. Surface of t undulating: soil saudy 
loam. Drained by Catfish cr., flowing into Lake Ontario. 
Pop. 2,015. 

New Haven, t., p. o., and sta., Huron co., Ohio: 74 m. 
N. by E. Columbus. Drained by head brandies of Hurt-n 
river. Station on the Sandusky and Mansfield K. R., '^ m. 
S. Sandusky. Fop. 1,39S. 

New Haven, t, p. o., and sta., Ad<lison co.. Venn. : 30 ra. 
W. S. W. Montpelier. on Rutland and Burlington R. R. 
26 m. from Burlington. Drained by Otter cr. aud branches, 
which furnish water-power. Here are quarries of excellent 
marble. Pop. l.GfrS. 

New Haven Mili^. p. o., Addison county, Venn. : on N. 
bank of branch of Otter cr., 2S m. S. W. by W. Montpdier. 

New IIebeon, p. o., Crawford co., III.: 115 m. E. S. E. 
Springfldd. 

New Holland, p. v., Pickaway co., Ohio : 32 m. S. S. W 
Columbus. 

New Hollant), p. v., Lancaster CO., Pf"".: 42 m. E.byS. 
Harrisburg. 

New Holland, p. v., Wabash co., Ind. : on S. bank of 
Salamonie r., 73 m. N. N. E. Indianapolis. 

New Holstetn, t. and p. o., Calumet co., WIm: : 90 m. 
N. E. Madison. Drained by branches of South au<l She- 
boygan rivers. 

New Hope, p. v., Madison co., Ahi. : on the W. side of 
Paint Rock r., 144 m. N. Montgomery. 

New Hope. p. o.. Nelson co., A> ; 43 m. S. W. Frankfort. 

New Hope, p. o., Spencer co\mly, Ind. : 120 m. S. by W. 
Indianapolis. 

New Hope, Lincohi co., 2fo. : 129 m. E. N. E. Jefferson 
City. 

New Hope, p. v., Iredell co., X. Car. : on the S. side of 
Rock cr. of V,idkin r.. 125 m. W. Raleigh. 

New Hope, p. o., Tishemingo co., J/i'-ss. : 193 m. N. N. E 
Jackson. 

New Hope. p. v.. Brown co., Ohio: on E. bank of White 
Oak cr.. ''O m. S. W. by S. Columbus. Pop. 106. 

New Hope, p. v.. Bucks co., renn. : on W. side of Dela- 
ware r.. T<I m. E. Harrisburg. At this place Delaware r. is 
crossed by a fine covered bridge, supported by nine piers. 
This is a flourishing village, ^rith numerous stores and 
manufnclories. 

New Hope, p. o.. Spartanburg district, S. Cur.: 85 m- 
N. W. bv N. Culuinbix 

541 



NEW NEW 



New Hope, p. v., Caroline co., Md. : 30 m. E. Annapolis. 

New Hope, p. v., Augusta county, Virg.: on creek of 
Shenandoah r., 87 m. W. N. W. Richmond. 

New Hocsb, p. o., York dist, *S'. Car. : 73 m. N. by W. 
Columbia. 

New Hudson, t and p. c, Alleghany co., IT. T.: 239 m. 
"W. by S. Albany. Surface undulating; soil good for grass. 
Drained by Black cr., etc. Pop. 1,435. 

New IIurlet, p. o,, Ulster co., N. K ; on E. side of the 
Wallkill, on a branch, 76 m. S. by W. Albany. 

New Iberia, p. v., St. Martin's par., La. : on "W. side of 
Bayou Tcehe, 4S m. S. W. Baton Kouge. 

New Inlet, -V. Car. : the passage between Federal Point 
and Smith's Island, 25 m. S. Wilmingtnn. 

Newington, p. o. and sta., Hartford co., Conn.: 5 m. 



S. "W". by S. Hartford, on Hartford and New Haven R. E, 
and Hartford and Fishkill R. E. The inliabitants are 
chiefly engaged in agriculture. 

Newington, L and p. o., Rockingham co.. K ffamp,: 
on Piscataqua r., bounded W. by Great liay, 85 m. E. S. E. 
Concord. The soil is saudy and unproductive, except on 
the streams. Pop. 472. 

New Ipswion, t. and p. v., Hillsboro' county, N. /lamp, : 
87 m. S. W. by S. Concord. Drained by Souhegan r. and 
branches ; soil fertile. There are several cotton factories in 
this t ; the first was erected in 1803. The academy in Itie v- 
was incorporated in 17S9, and baa educated many distin- 
guished men ; 1 banlt, cap. $100,(l0a Pop. of t. l.STu 

New Jasper, p. o., Greene county, Ohio : 50 m. W. S. W. 
Columbus. 



THE STATE OF NEW JERSEY. 

New Jersey lies between SS"^ 5S' and 41*^ 21' latitudes north, and between 73® 5S' and 75*3 29' longitudes west from 
Greenwich, or 1° 33' and 3° 04' east from Washington. It is bounded on the north by New York ; on the east by New 
York, from which it is here separated by the Hudson River and the Atlantic Ocean ; on the south by the Atlantic Ocean 
and Delaware Bay, the latter dividing it from the State of Delaware, and on the west by the Delaware River, which 
separates it from Pennsylvania. The State is almost encircled by water, the Hudson River, the Atlantic Ocean, and 
Delaware Bay and River, surrounding it, except on the north, where its boundary is a conventional line running north- 
west from a ]>oint on the Hudson River, in lat. 41° N. to the Delaware Eiver, which it strikes in lat. 41° 21'. It greatest 
length from Cape May to Carpenter's Point is 167 miles, and its breadth varies from 40 to ^Q miles, being narrowest in 
the centre. The superficies of the State is 8,320 square miles. 

The north-western part of the State is hilly, rather than mountainous, being traversed by the prolongation of several 
mountain ridges from Pennsylvania. These hills nowhere rise to a great height, but they abound in bold and varied 
scenery, and are interspersed with fertile and pleasant valleys, comprising some of the finest lands in the Union. Scbnolev's 
Mountain, the most prominent of these elevations, is much resorted to in summer, on account of the salubrious eflcct Of 
its atmosphere, and for the purpose of using its mineral waters, which possess medicinal properties. 

The eastern line of the State is formed by a bold ridge of trap rock, called the Palisades, or Cloister Hill, which, presenting 
a precipitous wall to the river at several places, as at Wcehawken, 200 feet in height, gives an air of picturesque wildnesa 
to the scenery. This wall of rock extends about 20 miles along the shore, and forms one of the principal objects which 
distinguish the noble panorama of the Hudson River, and many historical recollections and national traditions are 
connected with its localities. 

The southern part of the State, from Raritan Bay and Trenton to Cape May, consists of a great sandy plain, nowhere 
rising more than 60 feet above the sea, except at the Navesink Hills, which, although only SOD feet high, form a prominent 
object on the general level. 

From the low projecting sand-bank, called Sandy Hook, opposite the Narrows, to the similarly formed point of Cape 
May, the whole eastern coast consists of a long line of sandy beaches, here and there interrupted by inlets, and inclosing 
narrow, shallow higoons, behind which extends for several miles inland a low marshy tract This coast is constantly 
changing — several old inlets having been closed, and new ones opened since the settlement of the country; and being 
exposed to the heavy surf of the Atlantic, and affording no efficient harbors, it has been the scene of many dreadful 
shipwrecks. Barnegat, Great Egg Harbor, and Little Egg Harbor inlets, are the principal points of access to the inland 
waters. The south-western coast on Delaware Bay consists chiefly of a strip of salt marsh, which gradually terminates in 
the predominating sandy plain. On the shores of the Delaware Eiver the land is more elevated, the Une being intersected 
by the mountain ridges tending eastward from the State of Pennsylvania, and over a ledge of which, crossing the Delaware 
River, the Falls of Trenton leap. 

The rivers of New Jersey are better adapted for economical purposes than for navigation. None of them admit of the 
passage of ships of a large size. The Hackensack and the Passaic fall into Newark Bay. The former, which rises in 
New York, near the line of this State, is navigable for sloops to Hackensack village, 15 miles from its mouth, and the 
latter, which rises in Morris County, after receiving several considerable streams from the north-west and south, has a fall 
of 72 feet at I'aterson. The great falls of the Passaic are surrounded by a scene of wild beauty, but much of their natural 
magnificence has been destroyed by turning their waters for mill purposes, and it is now only in time of flood that their 
normal grandeur is recognized. From these falls the course of the river is south, and it is navigable for small vessels from 
Aquackannock to its confluence with the Bay. a distance of 12 miles. About 5 or six miles above Paterson, the river has 
another descent of 51 feet, by two leaps, and a rocky rapid in the distance of half a mile— these descents are called the 
Little Falls of tlie Passaic. The RariUm, which is navigable for small craft to New Brunswick, 17 miles up, rises to the 
south of tlie hills ; and having collected the waters of its sevond tributaries, it takes a course eastward, almost across the 
State, and falls into Raritan Bay, opposite the southern point of Stalen Island. The principal streams in the southern 
part of the State are Great and Little Egg Harbor rivers, which admit of sloop navigation for about 20 miles inlancl, and 
Maurice River, which falls into Delaware Bay. The streams emptying into the Delaware River are numerous, but not 
navigable. 

Although the State is bounded on three sides by na\igable waters, it possesses few harbors. The sea-coast and shores 
of Delaware Hay present many inlets and coves, but none frequented by large shipping. Raritan Bay, between Sandy 
Hook and Staten Island, affords a ready communication from Amboy, the principal sea-port of the State, to the ocean. 
Newark Bay, to the mouth of Staten Island, has navigable communications through tho "Kills," narrow straits, with New 
York I5ay and Rnritan Bay. Delaware Bay washes the south-western shore. The southern extremity of the State is 
Cape M:iy. the northern point of tlie entrance from ihe ocean into Delaware Bay. Sandy Hook, the southern cape of 
Raritan Bay, is a low, sandy island, about three miles in length, and is constantly extending by the accumulation of sand 
and other rlebris, and thus is always influencing and changing the currents to and from the Bay of New York. 
M2 



NEW JERSEY. 



The geological structure of New Jersey has been explored by scientitic men, and many of the most useful minerals have 
been found embedded in its hills. All the rocks referable to the primitive, secondary, and transition eras exist ; c^neiss 
sienite, graywacke, and graywacke slate, calcareous roeks, etc., arc the jirincipal formations in the northern region, and 
contain vast masses of metals and metallic oxides. Iron in all lis forms occurs abundantly, and copper, which appears 
in the seconiiary formations, is also found in considerable quantities. Nearly a century ago, several hmips of vir;;in copper 
were ploughed up near New Brunswick, and a mine, near Belleville, ou the Passaic, was discovered as early as 1719. 
There are many veins in the latter which might be worked wilh profit, and it is said that these mines contain a good 
quantity of silver ore. There is still another mine north of Somcrvilie, which contains, according to Dr. Tcrrey. a native 
copper, carbonate and phosphate of copper, green and red oxide of copper, native silver, green quartz, chrysophaae, 
phrenite, etc. In the mounl^iin section, which extends in breadth varying from 15 to 35 miles in riglit angles, wilh the 
general course of the mountains, the geological formations are strongly blended. Kocks of a pretty uniform character, 
however, are found in the primitive ridges, but they are of a coarse and uneven texture, and surface agtircgiitcd with 
crystals of quartz and felspar. Sometimes they contain shorl, garnets, hornblende, epodite. and mica. Granite, gneiss and 
sienite are formed in this section by the blending and combination of these materials; and at some points the priiniiivo 
greenstone is seen. The richest and most jiroductive iron mines are also found here; some of the beds are from S to 12 
feet in thickness. There i* al^M luunti licri- Iari;e quantities of grapliite. Clack mica is found on the Kamapo Kivcr, near 
the ^^on^oc works, and highly magnetic iron ore in Sehooley's and Musconetong mountains. Wallkill Valley, west of 
the Ilandjurg Moimtains, is noted for the number and variety of its minerals. The bottom of the valley rests on white 
chrystaiine limestone and marble. The first bed of minerals, which is at Franklin Furnace, appears like a black 
mountain mass, but it contains iron ore, very lit lie magnetic, and, as a new metallic combination.it has received the name 
of " Kranklinitc." It is composed of CO per cent, of iron, IG of zinc, and IT of red oxide of manganese. This ore is not 
only irreducible to iron, but it obstrucLs the fusion of other ores. Large masses of this mineral are also found at^U-riing. 
In Schofs Mountain, capacious mines of magnetic iron ore are worked, and tlie same exists plentifully through Ihe whole 
primitive region. At Mendham a beautiful marble Is found, which is capable of being highly polished, and is suitable for 
ornamental architecture, resembling much in its appearance the marble of Florence. 

Tlfe recently discovered zinc mines of Sussex County are among the most valuable of the world, and are now being 
successfully worked by the New Jersey Exploring and Mining Company. The principal mines are at Sterling Hill, on - 
the westerly side of Wallkill. Foliated, or lamellar zinc, which has hitherto been considered a rare production and 
highly prized for cabinet collections, is abundant in these mines, and in one instance a mass weighing over l.'jno jiounds, 
seven-tenths of which was foliated, was excavated. Tlie ore, however, is chiefly in the form oi red oxide associated 
with iron and manganese, neither of which being volatile leave a very fine metal on reduction. Thf zinc ons of Kurope 
are either carbonates or sulphurets, and in many instances are mechanically combined with galena, arsenic, ;ind anti- 
mony, volatile metals which deteriorate the chemical purity of the fused metal. The company working these mines is 
at the present time confining its operations to the manufacture of zinc paint, and for this purpose have erected extensive 
■works at Newark. This paint is said to be more durable and less liable to injure the health than the paints havmg the 
oxides of lead for their bases. 

The soils of New Jersey vary materially with the topography of the country. The mountain section is principally in 
its natural stale, only now and then a cultivated farm being seen on the hill-sides. The soil best adapted for agricultural 
purposes is found in the alluvial valleys, in which every description (»f farm vegetable is successfully cullivat-'d. The 
sanily plain in the south is not unfruitful, but the soil requires some considerable preparation to render it pri>n[able to 
industry. Clay and nuirl abound in some districts, and are eminently useful to the farmers as manures for the more 
sterile soils. Tlie vegetation of New Jersey is similar to that of the central region of the United States generally : on the 
mimnlains are found the oak, pine, and other forest trees, which in many instances occupy large tracts, in which the deer, 
bear, wolf, and most of the wild animals indigenous to that region still roam. Abundance of stunted oaks and other 
trees cover the sonthem plain, and these, though useless for building purposes, have been f.iund a valuable resoun-e for 
steamboats and for consumption at the glass-houses which have been established in this region. The middle section is 
tlie most highly improved and wealthy ]iart of the State. The apples and cider of this section are as noted for their 
superior quality as the peaches of the southern section, and these find a rcaily market in New York and I'hiladcliihia. 
The cUmate of New Jersey is in many respects similar to that of Southern New York, but is much infiu<.-nc'-d by Ineality 
and elevation: in Ihe north, where the hills are highest^ it is nuicli cooler than in the south, where the inlluenee of the 
ocean is most felt, and where a low situation and reflecting sands accumulate heat in the superincumitent atnii>sphere. 
In those parts where the mephitic vapors of the swamps taint the air with their poison, agues and fevers of a malignant 
type prevail, but generally the State, especially in Ihe higher lands, is very salubrious, and at Shrewsbury, on the I'astcrn 
coast, and at Cape May in the summer season invalids and pleasure-seekers find a balmy retreat, in which Ihey may enjoy 
all the luxuries and benefits of country retirement and refined society. 

The earliest estimate of the inhabitants of New Jersey was that of 1701, when the number was staled at 15.000 ; in 
ITiiu, it had increased to 60.000, and on Ihe taking of the first United States census in ITOn. it amounted to ls4,139. 
From the latter period to 1S40, its decenrnal rate of increase was very eqiud, having geiier.illy tmt varied mneh from 15 
per cent. ; but from 1S40 to 1850, this rate has been doubled, most proh.-ibly a result attrilnilalile to the inllux of people 
from New York and Philadelphia, who, while doing business in those cities have their raniilies residing on their opposite 
shores, and perhaps in some measure to the immigration of persons engage<l in the manufaclnriea and niirn's, which of 
late years have attracted the attention of capital in a greater degree than formerly. The general movement of the 
population will exhibit the results more definitely, and are as exhibited in Uie sul-joined table : 

CriIr.re.I Persnn^. 

CfiioMS White , . ^ T'.tnl 

Ye.Tffl. I'prstin^. Trfi .'^lavc. Tntal. Popiil:il">n. 

1790 169,954 2.762 11,423 14,1S5 1S4.1:J9 ... 

ISOO 195,125 4.402 12.422... .16,824 211.949 .. 

1810 22G,SG1 7,S43 10,851 13.694 .... 245.555 .. 

1S20 257,409 12,609 7.55T 20,166 277.:.:5 . . 

1S30 300,466 18,103 2,254 20,357 32i).>i23 . . 

1840 351,5SS 21,044 674 21.7H 373.3(i6 .. 

1S50 466,240 23,093 222 2:3,315 4s9,555 .. 





Dpienr 


h] Ir,r 


ex.e. 


N 


iiltumI 




^■(■ cent. 



27.S10 ... 


. . . l."i.l 


M.doe ... 


. . . l.'J.O 


.'52.020 . . . 


. . . 13.0 


4.S.24S . . . 


... in.s 


62..1S3 ... 


... lf...3 


11G.«9 ... 


... 31.1 




MJ 



NEW JEESET. 



New Jersey is divided into 20 counties, the general statistics of which and the capitals of each, in 1350, were as follows ; 



Atlantic 1,584. 

Bergen 2,606. 

Burlington 7,356. 

Cape May 1.21S. 

Camd™ 4,090. 

Cumberland... 3,331. 

Essex 10,964. 

Gloucester 2,600. 

Hudson 2,S61. 

Hunterdon.... 5,16T. 



■^"P-, inclt. E.tHb. C»P't>l«. 

, 8,961.. 821.. 63. .May's Landing 
.14,735. .1,128. . 71. .Hackcnsack 
43,203. .1,63S. .452. .Mount Holly 
6.43:3.. 2S5.. 4. .Cape M.iy C. H. 
25,422 . . 731 . .14S . . Camden 
17,1S9.. 884.. 19..I!rid!;eton 
73,950 .. 1,745 . .836 . . Newark 
14,665.. 954. .141.. Woodbury 
21,821.. 254.. 52.. Bergen 
28,989. .2,486. .309. .Flemington 



Countie.. n«,n. Pop. '„"™/e™6: Capiul.. 

Mercer 4,624. .27,992. .1,051. .191. .Teestos 

Middlesex .... 4,657. .28,635. .1,523. .196. .New JJrunswicfe 
Monmouth. . . . 5.155. .30,313. .2,014. .377. .Freehold 

Morris 5,076.. 30,169.. 1,343.. 242.. Morriatown 

Ocean 1,753. .10,032.. 879.. 52 .. Tom's River T. 

Passaic 3,369. .22,575.. 610. .247. .Paterson 



Salem — 
Somerset. 

Sussex 3,851. .32,989. .1,653. .184. .Newton 

"Warren 8,854. .22,353. .1,.537. .341 . .Bclvidere 



8.545. .19,467. .1,313. .143. .Salem 
.3,448. .19,633. .1,650. .187. .Somerville 



The whole number of dwellings in the Slalo was, at the above date, Sl.OM ; of families, 89,030 ; and of inhabitants, 
489,655; viz., whites 466,240— males 333,740, anil females 232.494; fr. col. 23,093— males 11,542, anil fL-males 11,551, and 
si. 222. Of the whole population there were, dmf and dumb — wh. 192, fr. col. 11, si. 0— total 203; Mind — wh. 1S6, !r. 
col. 27, si. 0— total 213; inmnt—wh. 375, IV. col. 11, si. 0— total 380; and idiotic— wh. 310, fr. col. 16, si. 0— total 826. The 
number of free persons born in the United Slates was 434,431. the number of foreign birth 489,336, and of birth unknown 
521. The iiatlve population originated as follows: Me. 287, N. Hamp. 301, Verm. 280, Mass. 1,494, R. I. 264, Conn. 2,105, 
N. Y. 20,661, jVew Jersei/ 385,439, Penn. 15,014, Del. 1.334, Md. 1,400, DisL of Col. 82, Virg. 628, N. Car. 93. S. Car. 141, 
Ga. 87, Flor. 17, Ala. 86, Miss. 43, La. S3, Tex. 6, Ark. 2, Tenn. 21, Ky. 64, Oh. 372, Mich. 66, Ind. 61, III. 61, Mo. 23, la. 7, 
Wise. 15, Calif. 8, Territories 1; and the foreign population was composed of persons from— England 11.377, Ireland 
81,092, Scotland 2,263. W.iles 116, Germany 10,686, France 942, Spain 23, Portugal 16, Belgium 43, Holland 857, Italy 30, 
Austria 20, Switzerland 204, Russia 22, Denm.irk 28, Norway 4, Sweden 84, Prussia 57, Sardinia 1, Greece 4, China 4, 
Asia 10, Africa IS, British America 531, Central America 2, Mexico 28, South America 27, West Indies 205, and other 
countries 66. 

» The statistics of tlft wealth, industry, and institutions of the State, as exhibited in the census returns of 1850, and 
other official documents referring to the same period, are as follows : 

Occtipied Lands, eft'.— Improved farm land, 1,767,991 acres, and unimproved land, 934.935 acres- together valned in 
cash at $120,287,511. The total number of farms under cultivation Ist June, 1S60, was 23,905. Value of farming hnple- 
ments and machinery, $4.425,50.3. 

Zive-Stofl:— Horses, 63.955 ; asses and mules, 4,089 ; milch cows, 118,736 ; working oxen, 12,070 ; other cattle, 80,455 ; 
sheep, 160,483 ; and swine, 250,370— valued in the aggregate at $10,679,291. The live-stock in 1840 numbered aa follows : 
horses, mules, etc., 70,.502 ; neat cattle of all kinds, 230.202 ; sheep, 219,285 ; and swine, 261,448. 

Products of Animali.—Vfool, 375,396 (in 1340, 897,207) pounds ; butter, 9,437,210 pounds ; cheese, 865,756 pounds; and 
the value of animals slaughtered during the year, $2,633,552. Silk cocoons were produced to the amount of 23 pounds, 
and beeswax and honey to that of 156.694 pounds. 

Grain O'ops.-Wheat, 1,601,190 bushels ; rye, 1,255,578 bushels ; Indian com, 8,759,704 bushels ; oats, 3,873,003 bushels: 
barley, 6.492 bushels; and buckwheat, 873,934 bushels. The crops, according to the census of 1340, were as follows: 
wheat, 774,208 bushels; rye, 1,665.620 bushels; Indian corn, 4,361,975 bushqjs; oats, 8,083,524 bushels; barlej-, 12,601 
bushels ; and buckwheat, 856,117 bushels. 

OUttr Food Crops.— Pe^ and beans, 14,174 bushels ; and potatoes— Irish, 3,207,236 bushels, and sweet, 503,013 bushels. 
The potato crop of 1839 amounted U^ 2,073,069 bushels. 

irmcetlaneau.i ffOT).?.- Tobacco, 810 pounds; hay, 435,950 tons; clover-seed, 2S.2S0 bushels; other grass-seed, 63,061 
bushels; hops, 2,1.33 pounds; 0ax, 182,965 pounds; flax-seed, 16,525 bushels; maple sugar, 2,197 pounds; molasses, 954 
gallons ; winii, 1.311 gallons, etc. Value of orchard products, $607,263, and of market-garden products $475,242. 

The following table exhibits the crops of certain stajdes in 1840 and 1350 comparatively : 

1840 1 S.iO. Movement. 

897.207 pounds 875.396 pounds deer. 21.311 pounds, or 5.5 per cent, 

774.208 bushels 1.601,190 bushels incr. 820,937 bushels, or 106.8 " 

4,.361,975 " 8,7.59,704 " JMcr. 4,397,739 " or 100.8 " 

3,072,009 " 8,71.5,251 " IM)'. 1,64.3,182 " or 79.3 " 

..incr. 101,089 tons, or .30.2 " 



SUpIes, 

Wool 

Wheat 

Indiim Corn . . 
Potatoes 



jjay 334.861 tons 435,950 tons incr. 101,089 tons, 

Home-made mnmifactures for the year ending 1st June, 1S50, were valued at $112,781. The same description of 
goods, according to the census of 1840, were valued at $201,625. 

J/a»!t/(jc(»;'<;.s.— Aggregate capital invested, $22,184,730 ; value of all raw material, fuel, etc., used, $21,992,136 , average 
number of hands employed, 87,311— males 23,549, and females 8,762 ; monthly cost of labor, $760,899— male $636,242, and 
female $30,657 ; value of products for the year, $.39,713,536. Capital employed in manufactures in 1S40, $11,617,532. The 
whole number of industrial establishments producing to the v.alue of $600 and upward annually, on the 1st June, 1350, 
was 4,374 ; and of these 21 were cotlou factories, 41 woolen factories, 133 tanneries, and 103 iron manufactories, viz., 10 
for pig iron. 46 for castings, and 53 for wrought iron. 

The cotton factories have capital, $1,483,600; use annually, 1.437 bales of cotton, 4,467 tons of coal and other material, 
valued in gross at $666.646 ; hands employed— 1,712 males— 016 males, and 1,096 females ; monthly cost of labor, $21,505 ; 
value of products for the year, $1,109,524; products, 8,122,580 yards sheeting, etc., and 2,000,000 pounds yarn. Capital in 
1840, $1,733,810. 

The woolen factories have capital $494,274 ; wool consumed annually, 1.510,389 pounds ; value of all raw material, fuel, 
etc., $548.367 ; hands employed, 893— 411 males, and 487 fem:iles ; monthly cost of labor, $14,559— male $10,367, and fe- 
male $4,192 ; annual products, 771,100 yards cloth, and 850,000 pounds yarn ; value of entu'e products, $1,164,446. Capital 
in 1340, $341,650. 

The tanneries have capital $572,857 ; value of hides and skins used annuaUy, $428,687 ; hands employed, 405 ; monthly 
cost of labor, $8.946 ; skins tanned, 130,781, and sides leather tanned, 303,970 ; value of entire products, $724,466. Capital 
tn 1840, $415,728 
514 



NEW JERSEY. 



The iron manufacture for the year 1S49-50, is exhibited in the following statistics : 



Specificationi. 

Capital invi'Sted dollars. . 

Iron ore used tons 

Pig iron " 

Old iron ^ " 

iliiifl-.il coal " .... . 

Coke and charcoal bushels. . 

Value of raw material, fuel, etc. dollars. . . 

Hands emijloycil number . 

Murilhly cost of labor dollars. . 



14..')4',). 
10,4311. 



Pig rron. Castings. 

967,000 893,250 

. 51,260 — 

— 10,606 

— -850 

20,865 5,444 4..'jitr. 

. 1,021,0110 1T6.S0U 1.9U4.1-.(l 

832,707 801,048 '. B20,()5U 

600 803 593 

12,720. 19,344 10.473 



Vro.i^lit Ivon. TotBl. 

1,016,843 2,577,093 



M.lal jiroduced tons 24,031 10,259 . 



..dolKars. . 



65.815 

21,096 

360 

30.S16 

3.79O.9S0 

, 954,705 

1,998 

48.631 

S,1U2 42,452 



600,544 080,430 629,273 1,870,247 



Value of entire producLs. 
-rCapital in 1840, $1,721,820. 

. Besides the above, New Jersey is distinguished for it? machine shops, saddleries, carriage and locomotive factories, jew- 
elry works, glass-houses, potteries, fire-brick yards, paper manullictorie-s, small arms factories, disrlllcries, paint-works, etc. 
and ii.13 also a large number of grist, saw, and other mills. The principal seats of manufaeluring industry in the State 
are Newark and Patterson. Trenton and .Tersey City have also ci>nsiderable manufacturing interests, and many of the 
interior towns are employed in the manufacture of shoes and boots, hats, etc. 

Cvinirn^rct'. — The foreign business of New Jersey is mostly transacted at the ports of New York and Philadelphia, and 
hence the direct commerce as reported in tlie United St^ites treasury returns, is comparatively insiguilieant. The value of 
direct exports to foreign couhtries in the year ending 30th June, 1S50, was $1,(5.55. and the value of imports .$1,494. En- 
trances 17 (1,001 tons), and clearances 11 (1,131 tons). Total amount of shipping owned in the Stale at the period above 
referred to, SO,3CiO tons, viz.: registered shipping 201 tons, enrfilled and licensed shipping 77,735 tons, and licensed ship- 
ping (vessels under 20 tons), 2,304 tons. Of the enrolleti and licensed shipping, 5,469 tons are navigated by steam. The 
importance of the several districts in relation to tlieir tonnage is as follows: Perth Amboy 22,084, Bridgetown 14,473 
Great Egg Harbor 14,084, Burlington 7,578, Camden 6,509, Newark 6.628, Little Egg Harhor 6,183. Eitly-seven vessela 
of all kinds, with an aggregate capacity of 6,242 tons, were built during 1845-50, viz., 1 ship, 1 brig, 35 schooners, IT 
sloiip3,and3 steamers; and of the whole number and capacity, Perth Amboy built 21 (2,037 tons), liridgetown 9^925 
tons). Camden 9 (425 tons), Newark 2 (271 tons). Little Egg Harbor 5 (599 tons), and Great Egg Harbor 11 (1,342 tons). 
The value of the commerce of New Jersey for a series of years from 1791, exhibits the following variations; 



Tor. 


Kxporta. 


1791..,.. 


....$20,988 


1T92 -. 


.... 23,400 


1793 


54,179 


1T94 


.... es.i.M 


179.5 


.... 1S0,S14 


1796 


. . . . 69.227 


1797 


.... 18,161 


1798 


61.'^77 


1799 


.... 9.722 


1800 


2 2^9 


1801 


.... 2o,4ll0 


1S02 


.... 20.227 


1803 


.... 21,311 


1804 


.... 24,829 


1S05 


.... 20,743 


1S06 


.... 83,367 


1307 


.... 41.186 


1803..... 


.... 20,739 


1309 


.... 319,175 


ISIO 


.... 480,267 



Im porta. 



Year. Expirts. 

ISll $1,371 

151^ 4,136 

1813 10,200 

1814.... — 

1815 5.279 

1S16 9,740 

1817 5.M9 

IMIS 25,9,57 

1819 1,474 

1820 20,511 

1321 83,711 

1322. 8.3,561 

1823 20,004 



Importe, 



1824. 
1325. 
1S20. 
1827. 
1828. 
1829. 
13:30. 



28,989 
47,213 
87,905 
25,027 
1,322 
8.022 
8,321 



17,606 

103,190 

6,933 

637,518 

27,038 

40,004 
838,497 
700,872 
780,247 

13,444 



Year. 


ETjir-rts 


18.31 


.... $11,430 


1S32 


.... 61,794 


13-33 


3'> 753 


1834 


.... 8.131 


1335 


.... 74,041 


1836 


... 62,309 


13.37 


... 44.217 


1833 


... 28,010 


1889 


... 98 076 


1340 


:.. 16.076 


1341 


... 19,160 


1842 ... 


. . 70 909 


4843 


... 10,021 


1844 


... 18,189 


1545 




1846 


4,087 


1S47 


... 19,123 


1^3 


02 


1319 


803 


1850 


... , 1,055 



Imports. 

$ — - 

70,400 
170 

4,493 
13,932 
24,203 
69.153 

1,700 

4,133 
19,209 

2,815 
145 



17,670 
829 
635 
4,83T 
1.S35 
4,253 
1,494 



Iiiiemal Imprmemnit — The railroads of New Jersey, as well as the canals, are mostly constructed with a view to 
intercourse between New York and Pennsylvania. The Union Ilailroad is the only line running in any other direction, 
and this connects the travel west and east on the New York and Erie Pailroad with New York, passing through Paterson, 
one of the chief manufacturing cities of the State. The canals are, the Morris Canal and the Delaware and Karitan 
Can.-d— the first extending from E.iston to .Jersey City, and forming an outlet of the anthracite region of Pennsylvania ; 
and the latter extending from Bordcntown and Trenton, on the Delaware, to New Bmnswick, on the Karitan, and is the 
channel through which the coal of Maryland is brouglit to the New York market. All these lines are of inHuite ad- 
Tantage to internal commerce and through travel. The total length of completed railroad in the State on the 1st January, 
1S68, wa4 34S miles, being in the proportion of 1 mile to every 27 sqntire miles of territory and to every 1,400 inhabitants. 

Bunks.— On the Ist January, 1851, there were 26 banks in operation, and their condition in the aggregate at that period 
WHS as follows: ZmWWm.!— capital, $3,754.900 ; circulation, $;1,046,6.58 ; deposits. $2,41 1 ,301 ; due ollur banks, $:?7:?,453 ; 
and fM.«rt.s— loans and discounts, $7,063,977; real estate, $270,540; other investments, $1.3:!,403; due by other banks, 
$1,578,003 ; specie, $022,334. Since the above retura was made a Free Banking Law has been adopted, and numerous 
banks have organized under its provisions. 

The constitution un<ler which the State is organized was adopted on the 18th August, 1M4, and went Into operation on 
the 2d September of the same year. 

The right of miting is conceded to every white m,ale citizen of the United States of 21 years of age and upward who 
Las resided in the Slate for one year and in the county where he claims to vote for five months next before the clectioD. 
. All votes are taken bv ballot. The general election is held on the second Tuesday In October anniially. 

86 646 



NEW JERSEY. 



The leg idat lire consists of a Senate and General Assembly (house of representatives). Each county is cutiile'l to retura 
one senator, and the inenibL-rs of the assembly, not to exceed 60 in number, are apportioned among llie countit-s in ratio 
of their papulation; but eacli county is entitled to at least one menit«;r. The ratio is determined aocordlng to the 
decennial censuses of the United Slates. Scnalors must have attained the age of 80 years, and members of the assembly 
that of 21 j'ears. One-tliird of the senators antl all the menibiTs of ihe asst;mbly are elected annually ; and the legisla- 
ture meels at Trenion on the second Tuesday in every Januiiry. 

The chuf ej.-ecutire tifficer is style<l Governor. He must be at least 30 years of age, havffbeen a citizen of the United 
States for '20 years, and a resident of the State for seven years next before his election. He is elected by a plurrAity of 
the pMpuhir voUs, or in ease of ati even vote, by a majority of ihe members of butli houses of the legislature ia joint meet- 
ing. The term of office is three years, and the same person is not eligible for (he three years next fol!i>wing. The powers 
of the governor are liinited ; he may vtio a bill, but a mnjorily (»f Ijolli houses may pass it notwitlistanding his objection; 
he may aUo grant reprieves for 9i.i days aflc-r convictinn, and ho, the cliancfllur, and the judges I'f the court of error and 
appeals may juiuily grant par.Jnns. During the la&t week of his official term he is forbid to nominate or appoint to any 
office. There is no lieuleuanl-governor, but in case of vacancy in the office of governor, the President of the Senate, 
and after him the :?peaUer of the Central Assembly becomes t^i'-q^cio governor; but if Uie vacancy occur more than 
80 days belbre the general eleciiou, a successor is to be chosen at such election ; if within 30 days, then at the succeeding 
election. The greater portion of administrative officers are apjiointed by the governor. 

The J ufficiar;/ consists of a Court of Errors and Appeals, a Court of Chancery, a Supreme Court, Circuit Courts, Courta 
of Common Tleas, etc. The " court of errors and appeals" consists of the chancellor, the justices of Ihe supreme court, 
and six judges appointed by the governor, with the consent of the senate, for six years, one every year. The chancellor 
and suprecne court judges, on ;tppe*ds from iheh- respective decisions, may state the reasons of their judgment, but ciin not 
vote. The Secretary uf Slate is clerk of the court. The court hulOs terms at Trenton on Ihe tliird Tuesday in January, 
April, July, and Oelobcr. The chancellor is appointed by Ihe governor, with the consent of the senate, fur seven years, 
and wiih a clerk constitutes tlie "court of chancery." He is also ordinury an<l judge of the Prerogative Court. The 
court of chancery holils lour terms annually at Trenton on the third Tuesday in March, June, September, and December. 
The "supreme court" couoisis of a chief judge and at least two (now four) associate judges, who are appointed by the 
governor for seven years. This court holds lour terms each year, at the same time and place as the terms of the court of 
errors; and the judges of this court hold "circuit courts'' and "courts of oyer and terminer" four times a year in each 
county, except in the counties of Atlantic and Cape May, in which only two tenns arc held. The circuit court has within, 
the county a common law jurisdiction, except in criminal cases, eoneurrent.with the supreme court ; and ita final juilgments 
may be declared in ihal court. Tlic " court cjf common pleas" consists of not more than five judges in each county ; the 
judges of this court are chosen by joint ballot of the legislature for the term of five years, and are paid by fees. Justices 
of the peace are chosen lor five years by the people in towns. The attorney-general, clerks of the supreme court and 
the court i>f chancery are ajipoinled by the governor for five years. Clerks and surrogates of counties are elected by the 
people thereof for five years, and sherilfs and coroners annually ; but sheriffs and coroners can not serve for more Ihau 
three consecutive years. Ko person can be imprisoned for debt, except iii cases of fraud ; and in libel cases the truth 
may be given in evidence, and if published with good motives and for justifiable ends, is a sufficient defense — the jury to 
determine the law and the facts. 

The powers of the legislature are limited by the Constitution. In no case can it lend the credit of the State, nor create 
any debt Mhidi shall raise the whole State debt above $100,000, except in case of war, invasion, or insurrection, and unless 
such be auilioriztid by a law for some single object or work, to be distinctly specified therein, which law shall provide the 
ways and nutans, exclusive of loans, to pay Ihe int<.rest of each debt or liability as it falls due, and also t<» pay and discharge 
the principal within thirty-five years from Ihe time of the contracting thereof; and no such law shall Like efl'ect umil,at the 
general ekction, a majt)riiy of the people voling shall have saticlioai.-d it. No divorce shall be granted, or lottery author- 
ized, and no lottery tickets shall be sold in the State. Every law sliall have but one object, and that object shall be 
expressed in its title. No special law can be passed for the sale of properly belonging to minors or persons under legal 
disability. Bank charters shall be granted, continued, or amended, only by a vole of three-fifths of the members elected 
to CJu-h house, and for a term not exceeding 20 years. 

Fimince.'), Debt-n, e^.— The financial condition of the State is exhibited in the treasury report up to the close of 1950. 
Tlie available means of Uic treasury had "been fur the year comtneneing 1st January. 1S50, $133,544, of which $9,961 was 
a balantv from the preceding year, and the disbursements, onlinary and extraordinary, for the same period had been 
$125.o4:?, leaving a balance of means over expenditures of $i:i.001. The chii-f sources of income are transit duties, and 
dividends on the stock of railroads and canals, taxes on railroad stock, etc. The principal exi>cndilures were for the sup- 
port of Ihe executive, judiciary, and legislature, of State prison, and of the indigent d<af and dumb, blind, and ins.-ine, etc 
The n-sourres of the treasury are ample, amounting to $l,455.r)5S, of which $2;70,9S7 is productive, consisting of railroad 
and canal shares, of company bonds, of dividends, etc., and $7C4,C~1 unproductive, being surplus revenues loaned to 
several counties, and paying no interest. The absolute debt of the Slate amounts to $71,S10. 

The principal henevolent institution under State patronage is the State Lunatic Asylum at Trenton. It was first opened 
for the admission of patients 15lh May, 1S4S. On the Ist Jan., 1^50, there were in tlie Asylum 110 patients— fj2 males and 
48 females ; received during the year 110 — 52 males and 5S fetiuiles : an<l discharged 5S — 2S males and SO females. Since 
the opi-ning of the building 292 patients have been received, and 105 discharged, cured, or improved. The building is a 
substantial edifice, warmed by steam, lighted by gas, and vt-utilated thorfMighly. A House of Refuce has been estab- 
lishevl at Kingston, Middlesex County, and the buildings are partially complete, but work in them has been suspended for 
the present. 

Federal /!fpre.<ientation.~^ow Jersey, in accordance with the act of 23d May, 1S50, sends ^rfl representatives to the 
Congress of the United States. 

JCdiiattio}}. — In 1S50 there were in the State 1,575 school «tistricts, and of these 1.476 made returns. ChiMren between 
5 and 16 years of age, 114.722; whole number of children tauKhi during the year. 75,245. of which number 13.670 attended 
achor.l loss than 4 niontlis, 14.S16 less than S moullis, and I0,.599 less than 12 months. Colored children included in ihc 
above l,*jft7. Average length of sihools SJ months; average co^t of tuition per quartL-r to each scholar. $2 10. The 
school fund amounts lo $;JSS.099 70, less $11,169 ST) unavailable. Appropriate^! or received for aeJiool purposes 
$152,.'i7-; 02. and expendi-d $09,5G0 13. In every part of the Slate ther..- are grammar schools, academics, etc. Tho 
rineipal colU-gcs are— the College of New Jersey at Princeton, founded 174G; Ilutgcr's College at New Brunswick, 
546 



NEW JERSEY. 



, roundt'd 1T70; and nurlin-^nn College (Epheopnl"). r.mniled \S4G. The cnllesre at Princeton has a law ?chonl. and at the 
' eamt- place is Ihr Theological Seminary of the I'resbyterinn Church. The Theological Seminary of the Reformed Dutch 

Clu]rch,al New Rrunswlckjs a department of Kntger's ColU-ge. 
7,ii»/-rt/f>.v.— One Stale libriiry—5,iK'H') volumes; 3 social— 4 300 volumes; 3 college— 15,000 vo'umes ; 2 students— 7,000 

vohimes; I academic or professional— 9.000 volumes; 1 scientific and historical— S26 volumes; 6 public school— 213 

volumes. Tt>tal, 17 librurien, and 46,305 vohimes. 
Pfrindical /Vc^v.— \\'li(ile number of periodicals and newspapers published in tlie State Ut June, 1S50, 61 — of which 

22 were whig, 20 domoorallc, and 19 neutral Tn politics, the lasi iiii-luding all devoted lo lil.radire. religion, science, etc. ; 

and nf ihe wliohr number 8 wi-re issued daily, circulating 6,950 copies at each issue ; 50 w eekly, circulating 35,944 copies ; 

and 3 monthly, ciriulating 960 copies. Of the dailies 3 were puMistifd :it Newark, 1 at Klizabeih^>wn, 3 at Trenton, and 

1 at Dcrkertown ; of the ite^'klifi.^ 1 each at Burlington, Elrzabrtlitmvn, Woodbury. LamberiviHe, Tlightstnwn. Princeton, 

MiddK'Iown, Dover, and Deckertown, 2 ea'-h at Mount Holly. Brideieton, Newark', Plaitifield, Jersey City, Flemington, 

Eahway, Morristown, Patersoti, Saleni, Soinervitl^, Newton, and IJelvidere ; 3 eacli at Camden and New IJrunswlck ; 4 

at Trenton, and 5 at Freehold ; and of iho mo)it/ih'&% 2 at Princet*in, and 1 at Morristown. 
lifligioHi Denomhuttionn. — ^The «ttUistics of the several religious denomiuati-jns in the State for the year 1S50, as 

ascertained by the census of that year, were as foUowa : 



Denomiiis- No. (if 


Cliurcli 


Value of 


Dennmina- No. of 


Cliiirrli 


V.liieol 


nenomoii. No, of 


Cl.urcli 


Value o( 


dons. CliufL-hcs. 


a.cuin. 


Prnperly. 


tjons. Cliurclies 


aOLOm. 


Property. 


tioDS. Cloin lies. 


ai'i.iii. 


*'r.,r.frty. 


Baptist lor . . 


43,225 . 


. $3.34.600 


German Ref. — . . 


— . 


. $ - 


n, Catli"lir-..' 21 .. 


9,835 . 


$99,.3<i5 


Christian ... S . . 


5,833 . 


. 10,400 


-Tcwiali — .. 


— . 


— 


Swedenbaii , — . . 


— . 


— 


Coiiercgal'l.. 8 .. 


3,500 . 


. 87,700 


Lutheran ... 7 .. 


2,900 . 


. 28,600 


Tiinlcer 2 ., 


800 . 


1,800 


Dutcli Kef.. 6G .. 


89,1 10 , 


. 460.4;;o 


Mennonile .. — .. 


— . 


— 


Uiiiim 6 .. 


1,450 . 


6,600 


Episc(»i»al , . 51 . . 


ia,44T . 


. 473,401) 


MctlioUist .. 312 .. 


100,350 . 


. 683,950 


Unitarian .. 2 .. 


450 . 


1,600 


Free 7.. 


2,400 . 


7,600 


Moravian... — .. 


— . 


— 


TJniversali?l, 3 .. 


l.niio . 


6,8110 


Friends 62 .. 


25,545 . 


.' 207,100 


Prcsbjtcr'n.. 146 . . 


81,400 


.1,175,250 


Minor Sects . 10 . . 


2,150 . 


6,700 



—making a total of S07 churches, with aecomroodnlion for 844.933 persons, and valued as property at $3,540,436. The 
State constitutes the diocese of New Jersey, a sec of the Protestant Episcopal Church ; ami in the Koman Catholic Church 
is divide*! between the arch-diocese of New York atid the diocese of Philadelphia. 

Pauperism am? Crime. — The whole numher of paupers relieved or supported within the year ending tst June, 1S50, was 
2,892. of whom l.Slff were native-bom. and 57G foreigners; and Ihe whole number of paupers on the list at the date 
noted was 1,573, of whom 1.339 were native-born, and 239 foreigners. Annual cost of suppurl. *93.110. The State Prison 
is loealM at Trenton. The number of convicts in that institulinn on the 31st December, 1S4!), was 1S5 ; received during 
the year 122, and discharged 97, leaving 210 in prison at the end of the year 1S50. Of the last number 140 were wbito 
males, and 9 white females ; and 59 colored males, and 4 colored females. Committed for manslaughter 6, for murder in 
the second degree ID, for rape 6. for forgery S, for burglary 21, for larceny 41, for violent assaulta 41, aad for burniug 4. 
Native-born 167, and foreigners 43. 

Ilistorical Sketch.^'^o pre(;ise date is assigned t/j the first white settlement in Ihis State. The Dutch from New York 
planti'd themselves in the eastern part ; while in the west, bordering on Ihe Delawtre, small bodies of Swedes were s«t- 
fled. The Dulch elaimerl the whole ctiunlry from the Connecticut to the Delaware, and protested against the Swciish 
occupation. Without regard, however, to the validity of the title of either party, Charles IT., in 1664, granted to his 
brother, ihe Duke of York, a patent for the whole Dutch claim. In the same year the dnke sold the district between Iho 
Hudson and Delaware rivers to Lord IJerkely and Sir George Carteret, To encourage immigration, liberal grants wire 
made to settlers, and the imporlant i>rivilege of self-government secured to them, Ihe propriefors reserving to themselves 
(he appointment of the executive. Philip Carteret was the first irovcrnor. The colony continued to thrive under the 
prudent management of the proprietors until 1673. when the Dutch, having re-taken New York, extended their power 
again over this province. Th'-ir government, however, was of brief duration ; for on the conclusion of peace, the country 
Was restored to England. The duke's patent was re-confirmed ; but he, considering his grant to Berkely and Carteret 
annulled, claimed immediate jurisdiction not only over New York, Imt also over the Ttrrit^ry of New Jersey, and ap- 
pointfd Sir Kdmund .Andros governor of his Territories from Ihe Connecticut to the Delaware. This tyrant arrived in 
America vn 1674, and proceeded to the exorcise of his functions. In Ihe same year Lord Berkely assigned his undivided 
half of New Jersey to William Penn and three others, and Carteret 3u!)seQuentIy agreed to receive East Jersey as bis 
share of the province. The rights of the original proprietors were not acknowledged by the duke until 16S0, and then not 
tintil forced by the highest legal opinion in favor of their claims. About this time the province received a considerable 
accession of inhabitants by tiie arrival of a number of Quakers, who principally settled in the neighborhood of the present 
towns of Burlington and Salem, which they built. In 16S2 Carteret transferred his interest in the province to William 
Perm an<l eleven other persons of the sect of Quakers : these immediately conveyed one-half f>f the province to a company 
of Scotchman, at tlie head of whom was the Earl of Perth. After this event many immigrants arrived from Scotland. 
The first governor of East Jersey under the proprietors was Ilob<-rt Barkley, the celebrated author of the *' Apology for 
the Quakers,'" After the accession of the Duke of York to Ihe throne, a writ ot quo wavrnnto was directed to issue 
against the proprietors, who, finding there was no other resource, endeavored to save what they could by voluntary S'Ub- 
niission, and made a formal surren<Ier of iboir patent, praying only for a srrant of the soil. It was intended by the new 
king that the whole province, together with that c)f New York, should be united with New Encrtand in an arbitrary gov- 
ernment: and arrangements were making to carry the design into execution, when the Revolution of 16S8 fortunately 
put an end to his power. In 1702 the proprietarj' of both partrt was surrendered to Queen Anne, and the provinces which 
had exi)erieiieed no repose in separation, were again united under a single government. Lord Combury was the first 
royal govirnnr; he was jdso Governor of New York, and abur^ed bis functions in both provinces. From this period to 
the epoch of the American Ilcvnlution, New Jersey was not the scene of any memorable event Its population and pros- 
perity augmented imder an orderly and prudent administrati<m of affairs. From its connection with England, however, 
the province became involved in the wars of that country; and th')Ugh remvt« from the scene of action, we find it 
contrilmiing on S'-viral occasi<ins to the expeditions undertaken for the conquest of the French possessions. The last 
royal governor of the province was William Temple Franklin, a son of the celebrated Benjamin Franklin, During the 
Eevoluliott New Jersey suffered much, and Trenton, Princeton, Millstone, Eed Bank, and Monmouth, are famous a3 

547 



NEW 



NEW 



the scenes of American triumphs. "When the blessings of peuce were again restored to the United States, New Jersey 
soon recovered its former prosperity ; and the usual accompauiment of prosperity, a barrenness of striking events, 
attends her history from that period. 
TioiNTON, on the Delaware, is the political capital of the State. 



New Jerusalem, p. o., Berks co., Fen7i. : B8 m. E. by N. 
Harrisburg. There, aro in this vicinity beds of iron ore, a 
furnace, and a forge. 

New Kent county, Virg. ' Situate toward the E., and 
contains 2il sq. m. Drained by Pamunky and Cliickhnminy 
rivGTS, branches of James and York rivers. Surfape level ; 
soil of average fertility. Staples, wheat, oats, and Indian corn. 
Farms 313; manuf. 12; dwell. 035, and pop.— wh. 2,221, 
Si. col. 433, si. 3,410— total (5,064. Capital : New Kent C. II. 

New Kent, p. v., and cap. New Kent co., Virg. : 25 m. E. 
Eichmond. Besides the court-house and jail, it contains 
only ^ few dwellings. 

New Kingston, p. o., Cumberland county, Penn.: 15 m. 
■W. by S. Harrisburg. 

New Kirk's Mills, p. o., Fulton county, ^V. Y. : 49 ni. 
N. W. Albany. 

New La2*caster, p. o., Tipton co., Ind. : on branch of 
Duck cr. of White r., 35 m. N. by E. Indianapolis. 

New Lancaster, p. v., Warren county, lU. : S6 m. N. W. 
Springfield. 

Nkw Lebanon, p. c, De Kalb co., IlL : 1C5 m. N. N. E. 
Springfield. 

New Lebanon, p. o., Mercer co., Pemi, : 177 m. "W. N. "W. 
HaiTisburg. 

. New Lebanon, p. o., Sullivan county, Ind. : S5 m. S. W. 
Indianapolis. 

New Lebanon, t, and p. v., Columbia co., 2f. Y.: 23 ra. 
S. E. Albany. Drained by Lebanon and Kinderhook creeks, 
wliieh here unite. Surface on E. and W. sides hilly and 
mountainous; the rest being t-lut-fly a rich valley. Cun- 
L;iins 3 principal settlements. New Lebanon, New Lebanon 
Springs, and New Lebanon Shaker Village. Pop. of 1. 2,300. 

New Lebanon, p. o., Montgomery county, Ohio: 66 m. 
TV. by S. Columbus. 

New. Lebanon Centre, p. o., Onhimbia co., 2^. Y. : 24 m. 
S. E. Albany. 

New Lebanon Springs, p. v., Columbia county, ^V; Y.: 
25 m. S. E. Albany, near the Mass. Slate line. This Aishlon- 
able watering-place of great resort ia justly celebrated for 
the medicinal qualities of its springs, salubrity of climate, 
and beautiful scenery. Here are several fine hotels.- A 
railroad is in construction from Benuington to Chatham 
Four Comers, to pass through t^e v. The usual number of 
visitors to these springs per annum is from 7,000 to 8,000. 
In this v. is the Thermometer Manufactory of the Kendall 
brothers, who make 25,000 yearly. 

New Lexington, p. v., Somerset co., Penn. : on E. side 
of Laurel Hill cr., 124 m. W. by S. Harrisburg. 

New Lexington, p. v., Tuscaloosa co., Ala.: on flie W. 
side of North r., Ill m. N. W. Molitgomery. 

New Lexington, p. v., Van Buren co., Ia, : on N. bank 
of Des Moines r., SO m. "W. by S. Iowa City. 

New Lexington, p. v., Perry co., Ohio : 45 m. E. S. E. 
Columbus. 

New Liberty, p. v., Owen co., Ky. : 27 m. N. Frankfort. 

New Libebtt, p. v., Pope co., lU. : on E. side of Ohio r., 
196 m. S. by E. Springfield. 

New Light, p. o.. Wake co., JVl Car.< on New Light cr., 
24 m. N. lialeigh. 

New Lisbon, p. v., Henry co., Ind.: 85 m. E. by N. 
Indianapolis. 

New Lisbon, t and p. o., Otsego county, 2^. Y. : 76 m* 
W. Albany. Surface oft. hilly; soil, sandy loam. Drained 
by Butternut and Otego creeks. Pop. 1,773. 

New LisiioN, p. v., Burlington co., J\'. Jcr. : on Eancocus 
cr., 16 m. S. by E. Trenton. 

New Lisbon, p. v.. and cap. Columbiana county, Ohio: 
126 m. E. N. E. by N. Columbus, on N. side of Middle Forlif 
54S 



of Little Beaver r., and on the Sandy and Bearer Canal. 
The r. furnishes a large water-power, which is used by 
several saw-mills, flonr-mills, and factories. Besides the 
court-house and jail, it contains 7 churcliL-s. Four news- 
papers are published weekly, "American Palladium" (whig), 
"American Patriot," '.' Ohio Patriot'' (dem.), "Aurora" (F. S). 
New London county. Conn. Situate S. E., and contains 
550 sq- ra. Drained by Thames r. farmed by the juQclioa 
of Tantic and Shetucket rivers, which supjily good water- 
power. Connecticut r. bounds it ou the S. W. and Pawcatucfe 
on the S. E, Surface hilly; soil furlile and adapted U> the 
production of different kinds of grain. On Long Island 
Sound, which b'lunds it on the S., are a number of flna 
harbors. Chief productions, wheat, Indian corn, oats, and 
potatoes. Farms 2,010; manuf. 765; dwell. S,336,and pop. 
— wh. 50,32S, fr. col. 1,493— total 51,821. CopiUd: New 
Lon<l(in. Piihlic WorI:s : New Haven and New London 
E. R. ; New Liondon and Stonington E. E. ; New London, 
Willimantic, and Palmer E. E. ; Norwich and Worcester 
E. E., etc. 

New London, t, p. city, port of entry, and semi-cap. 
New London co., Conn. : on W. bank of Thames r., 3 m, 
from its entrance hito Long Island Sound, 43 m. S. E. 
Hartford, 43 m. E. New Haven. Lat. N. 41° 22', long. 
W. 72^' 9', Tbe harbor is the best in the Slate, and one of 
the best in the United Slates. It has a depth of 30 feet, is 
spacious and safe. Its entrance is narrow and defended by 
forts Trumbull and Griswold; the former is garrisoned by 
a company of U. S. ArliUt-ry. It Is one of the whaling ports 
of New England. In 1S49 it received 1,949 barrels of sperm 
oil, 33,030 barrels of wliale oil, and 301,100 pouu'ds of 
whalebone. The city is l)uilt upon an acclivity, rising from 
the r. toward the W. and N. Back of the city is a summit 
of high ground, where the observer has a fine view of the 
harbor and surrounding country. The surface is uneven, 
lying on granite rocks, on which account the city was laid 
out irregularly ; but lately various improvements have been 
made. This t was settled in 1646, and a la^e portion of it 
burnt by the British under Arnold, Sept. 6, 1731. It contains 
tlie county buildings, T churches, academies, etc There 
are 3 banks with capital of $414,625. New London is con- 
nected by railroad with New Haven, 50 m. ; with Willimantic, 
30 m. ; and with Worcester from Allyn's Point, 66 m. There 
is also a daily line of steamboats from New York. Two 
newspapers are published daily, " Chronicle" (whig), and 
"Morning Star" (dem.); two weekly, "Chronicle," and 
'• Deinocrat,'? This is the principal port in the State ; and 
the inhabitants are extensively engaged in liie coasting 
trade and the fisheries. On the 30th June, 1S50, the total 
tonnage of this district was 40,4S5 tons. The registered 
tomiage was 23,364 tons, of which 22,504 were permanent 
and S60 temporary; 2,622 tons were in the whale fishery. 
The enrolled and licensed tonnage was 17,121 tons, of which. 
16,17S tons were permanent, 3,S79 propelled by steam, 11,577 
were in the coasting trade, 3,594 in cod fishery, 1,007 In 
mackerel fishery ; of tonnage licensed under 20 ions, ISl tons 
were in the coasting trade, and 762 in cod fishery. Daring 
the year preceding, the clearances for foreign countries were 
IS— 4,943 tons; numl)er of entrances, do., 26— 7,S76 tons; 
number of vessels built, 8 (schooners)— 606 tons. Pqp. in 
1S30, 4,356 ; in 1S40, 5,519 ; in 1S50, 9,006. 

New London, p. t., Henry county, la. : 51 ra. S. by E. 
Iowa City. 

New London, p. t., Frederick co., 2Id. : 50 m^ N. W. 
Annapolis. . ' 

New London, p. v.. and cap. Ealls co., Mo. : on S. sido 
Salt r., SO m/N. N. E. JcfilTson City. 
New London, L and p. o., Merrimac co., X. Ilamp. 



NEW- 



NEW 



27 m. N. TV. by W. Concord. Surface uneven ; soil good. 
Sunipoe lake lies on its S. W. border; and Uicce are 3 other 
ponds in Uie t. At the mitlot of Pleasant pond, on Blaci;- 
water r., U a scythe factory, making 30,000 scytlies yearly 
Fnp.94:,. 1 !■ 

New Loxdox, p. v., Oneida eo., jK r. .- 103 m. W. N. W, 
Albany, on Erie Canal, 

New Lokdon, p. v., Howard co., Ind. .- on S. side of Wild 
Cat or. of Wabash r., 4S ni. N. by W. Indianapolis. 

New LoNnoN, t., p. v., and sta., Huron co., 0/m: S3 m 
N. N. E. Colambus. Drained by Vermillion r. an,t branches 



The V. is situated on E. side of the r. 



The Cincinnati. CI 



land, and Columbus 1!. 11. passes through it. 47 m. f*om 
C4e\'eland, SS m. (roin Columbus. Pop. of t. 1,329 

New Lox-no.v, p. v., Campbell co., Virff.: on branch of 
fataunton r., SIS m. W. by S. Richmond : is one of the oldest 
towns m the Slate, though of small population. The V 9 
Armory, now at Harper's Ferrjr, was oriainallv located here! 

New London-.- t. and p. v., Chester county, >«,».; 61 m 
8. E. by E. Ilarrisburg. Drained bv Clay cr, and by Elk 
or., which is its W. boundary. Surlace nearly even, with 
8l]ght declivities : soil sandy loam. The v. contains several 
stores; and considerable manulacturing is done in the town 
At New London Cross-roads there is a forge and a rollinf- 
mill. " 

New Lyme, t. and p. o., Ashtabula Co., O/i/o .• ISO m. N. E. 
ColumlNis. Drained by branches of Grand r. Pop. 028. 

New .M.vntsoN, p. o., Darke countv, Ohio; on a creek of 
Whitewater river, 9-2 m. W. Columbus. 

New Maiikid counly, Jfn. Situate 8. E., and contains 
573 sq. m. Drained by Whitewater river, which traverses 
its western portion, and by the lakes, which occupv a lar.'e 
portion of the county. Surface low and level, and'liable to 
submersion, in consequence of which the soil is in many 
parts unlit for cultivation, but in other sections is fertile and 
productive. Farms 407 ; manuf. 30 ; dwell. 752, and pop — 
wh. 4,or,7, fr. col. 3, 81. l,4Sl-total 6,541. Ctpital: New 
Madrid. 

New If ADitiD, p. v., and cap. New Madrid co., Jfn. ■ on 
the Mississippi r., on the N. W. bank of a large bend, and 
at mouth of St. John river. It contains the court-house and 
county offices. The "Commercial Herald" <Miscel.) and 
"Journal of the Times" (Miscel.) are published weekly. 
This place suffered severely by earthquakes in ISll and '12. 
The blulT bank, upon which the v. was built, was thereby 
lowered 15 or 20 feet. Since then the river Iras washed 
»way a portion of'the bank. 

New MAnoxisG, p. o., Carbon county, Pmn.: 70 m. 
N. E. Harrisburg. 

New.man'9 Mii.i.8, p. t., Indiana counly, Pmn.: 106 m. 
W. N. W. Ilarrisburg. A plank-road 43' m. l.mg, passing 
through Indiana v., connects this v. with the Pennsylvania 
Bailroad. 



NEWM.VXST11LE, p. 0., Greene county, Tmn:.- 220 m E 
Nashville. 

New Makiox, p. v., Ripley county, r„<f. : on S. side of 
f,rah.an, s Fork, (i5 m. S. E. by S. Indianapolis. A plank- 
road runs hence to Madison. 

New .Market, p. v., M.ldison cnunly, Ala. ■ 171 m N 
Montgomery, 8 m. S. Tennessee State Imc. 

New Market, p. o., Vigo co., In<f. .- 1 m. E. IlIinoLs Stale 
hne. 70 m. W. S. W. Indianapolis. 

New Market, p. v., Marion co., .S>. .• on N side of 
Rolling Fork of .Salt r., 45 ni. S. S. W. Frankfort. ' 

New Market, p. v., Frederick co., j/,/. .• on N. bank 
of Bush cr., 47 m. N. W. by W. Annapolis, 1 m. from 
Monrovia, on Bait, and Ohio P.. R. ; has some trade. 

New Maricet, p. v., Platte co.,Mo.: 153 m. W. N. W. 
Jefferson City. 

New Majiket, t., p. o., and sta., Rockingham county, 
31 ff,nnp. : 30 m. E. S. E. Concor.l. Bounded on the E. 
by Great Bay. Drained by a branch of Lamprey r The 
Boston and Maine R. R. passes through the t., 57 m. from 
Bo«lon. Pop. 1,639. 

New Market, p. v. and sta., Middlesex co., M Jei: : SO ra. 
N. E. Trenton, and 17 m. from Elizabethport, on the New 
Jersey Central K. R. 

New Market, p. v., Randolph co., .V. Car. : 69 m W. 
Raleigh. 

, New Market, p. v. Van Buren co., la. .- on S si.Io of 
Des Moines r., 63 m. S. S. E. Iowa City. 

New Market, t. and p. o., HighlMd CO., Oldo: 63 m. 
S. W. by S. Columbus. Pop. 1.528. 

New Market, p. 0., Abbeville district, S. Car ■ 63 m 
W. by. N. Columbia. 

New Market, p. v., Jefferson county, Tenn. : ISO m E 
Nashville. 

New Market, p. v., Shenandoah co., Virff. : oa the N. 
fork of the Shenandoah r., 98 m. N. W. Richmond. 

Nbw Market, p. o., Monroe county, (?a.: 48 m. W. 
Milledgevillo. 

New Market, p. o., Lewis Co., Oreg. Ter.: on asoulhe/n 
mlet of Puget Sound, 14-3 hi. N. by E. Salem. 

New Marlborough, t. and p. v., Berkshire eo., Mast. : 
112 m. W. by S. Boston. Drained by Konka|>nt r.. and a 
small lake with its outlet in the 8. part of the town, which 
empties into Blackberry r., in Conn. Surface generally 
uneven, wilh a ridge of high hills traversing from N. to 8. ; 
soil adapted to grazing. The t contains several stores and 
manufactories. Pop. 1,847. 

New Martixsville, p. o., Wetzel county, Virg.: 225 m. 
N. W. Richmond. Pop. 228. 

New Mavstille, p. v., Putnam county, fuel. ; 30 m. W. 
Indianapolis. 

New Matsi-ille, p. o., Pike county, II!.: W. by S. 
SpringfleM. 



THE TERRITORY OF NEW MEXICO. 

Neiv Mexico, as now organized, lies between the latitudes .320 and 380, and stretches e:ust and west between Texas oil 
the one hand and Ltah and California on the other. Its deflnile boundary begins "at a point in the Colorado River 
where the boundary hue of the Republic of Me.vico crosses the san.e; thence e,a.stwardly with said boundary line to the 
ElO Crande ; thence following the main channel of said river to the parallel of the 32d degree of north latitude ■ thence 
ea^ ward wuh same dt^ree to its intersection wilh the 103d degree of longitude west from (-reenwlcb ; thence no th-w"th 
^; ";S'-™ of long.tt,de to the parallel of the ,3S,h degree of north latitu.le: thence west with said parallel to the sutnm 
of the f-ierra Madre; thence south with the crest of said mountains to the3:th parallel of north latitude; thence west with 
he s.a,d paralhd to Us mtersection with the boundary line of the Slate of California : thence with the laid boundaryTino 
10 the place of begmning." W.lhin these boundaries the area is estimated at 210.7.14 square miles. 

■niat portion of New Mexico westward of the Sierra .Madre can only be considered as a temporary appendage to tho 
Territory. It ,s bounded .south by the Rio Gila, and extends nonh to the 37tli parallel, beng watered by the Colorado 
and numerous affluents of the river bounding it on the south. In thenorth-e.ast part it is occupred by cons.rraMe mramt 
ams and mountain vallexs, and the whole eastern line is also mountainous and rugge.l. The interior forms a varied 

rntof connT^:!' ."r.;"-"'"'""^"' '•■"""■ ""'l 'I"" "■"'"^.v I"-'-'"? ™ 'h^' «"«• which is hilly and broken, abounds in 
mines of copper, gold, sdv< r. etc., accounts of which are recorded by the Commissioners of the Boundary s„rvev It is 
aivided mto the counties of Kio Arriba and Socorro, and c*.niprises about two-flfths of the area of the Territory. It is 

W9 



NEW MEXICO. 



Bolely iohabited by Indians — Ibe Navajocs in the norlh-euel, the Apaches in the east and south-east, the Pimos in the 
■west and south-west, and the Fah-Ulahs in the north-west. 

New Mexico proper, in its general aspect, is muunlaiuous, with a large valley in the middle, running from north to 
south, and formed by the Rio Grande. The valley is generally about twenty miles wide, and bordered on.the east and 
■west by mountain chains, continuations of the Kocky Mountains, which havf here received various names, as Sit-rra 
Blanca, Sierra dc loa Organos, Sierra Oscura, etc., on tho east^ide, and Sierra Madre, Sierra de liw Grullas, de Aeha, do 
loa Mimbres, etc., on the west side. The ht;ight of tht^se niountiuna south of Santa Fe may, upon an average, be from 
6,000 to 8,000 feet, while near Santa F6, and in the more northern regions, some snow-capped peaks are seen tliat may 
rise from 1U,000 to l'2,0iX) feet abo\e the sua. The mountains are prin.-.ipally composed of igneous rocks, as sieuiLe, gran- 
ite, diorit, basalt, etc. On the higher mountains excellent pine limber grows; on the lower, cedajs, and aomeliuies oaks, 
aji# in the central valleys, niezquite, etc 

The main artery of New Mexico is the Rio Grande, a large ana long river. Its head waters were explored in ISOT by 
Captain Pike, between 87° and SS*^ north latitu'le, but its highest sources are some two degrees farther north, in the 
recesses of the Kocky Mountains, near the head waters of the xVrkansas and the Colorado of the West. Following a 
generally southern direction, it passes through the territory, where its principal affluent is the KioChamas from the west, 
and winds its way in a south-eastern direction, dividing in its course, below 32° north latitude, the United Stales from the 
Mexican Republic, to the Gulf, into which U falls in 250 50' north latitude. Ita tributaries below New Mexico are, from 
the north, the Rio Pecos, and from the south the Conchos, Salado, Alamo, an<l San Juan. The length of the river in a 
straight line is about 1,200 miles, but from the mcanjerings of its lower course, it nms at least 2,W0 miles from the regioa 
of eternal snows to the almost tropical climate of the Gulf. The elevation of the river above the sea at Albuquenjue is 
about 4,S00 feet ; at El Paso about 3,SiJ0 feet; and at Reynosa, about 300 or 400 miles above its mouth, not more than 170 
feet. The fall of the water between Albuquerque and El Paso is from two to three feet in a mde, ami below El Paso 
about one foot in two miles. The fall of tho river is seldom used as a motive power, except for some flour mills, which 
are oftentfr worked by mules than by water. The principal advantage at present derived fr-m tlio stream is for agricul- 
ture, by a weU-nmnaged system of irrigation. As to its navigation in New Mexico, it is doubtful if even canoes could be 
used, except, perhaps, durinj; May or June, when the river is in its highest stage, from the melting of the snows in the 
mountains. It is entirely too shallow, and interrupted by too many sand bars to promise any thing for navigation. On 
the southern portions of the river steamboats may ascend from the Gulf as far as Laredo, a distance of about 700 miles. 
"Whenever a closer connection between this head point of navigation and New Mexico shall be considered," says Dr. 
■Wislizenus, " nothing would answer but a railroad crossing from the valley of the Rio Grande to the high table-land In-the 
State of Chihuahua." 

The soil in the valley of New Mexico is generally sandy, and looks poor, but by irrigation it protluces abundant crops, 
and though agriculture is carried on in a very primitive way, with the hoe alone, or with a rough plow, made entirely of 
wood, without any particle of u*on, the inhabitants raise large quantities of Indian corn and wheat, beans, onions, red 
peppers, and some fruits. Tho most fertile part of the valley begins below Santa F6, along the river, and is called " Rio 
Abajo," or the country down the river. . It is not uncommon there to raise two crops wiiliin the year. The general dry- 
ness of the climate, and the aridity of the soil, however, will always confine agriculture to the valleys of the water-courses. 
"But this important defect,"' says Dr. "Wislizenus, "may be remedied by artesian wells. On several occasions I remarked 
on the high table-lands of Santa F6 south, that in a certain depth layers of clay are found that may form reservoirs of 
sunken water-courses from the eastern to the western chain, which, by the improved method of boring, might be easily 
made to yield their waters to Uve surface. If experiments to that effect should prove successful, the progress of agriculture 
in New Mexico would he more rapid, and even many dreaded 'Jornada' might be changed from waterless deserts into 
cultivated plains." But at present irrigation from a water-course is the only available means of carrying on agriculture. 
Theirrigationiseffectedbyleadingthc waters overthe cultivated lands through canals. The consequence of this is that the 
inhabitants locate themselves together, and allot water to each at certain periods. The corn fields are generally without 
fenoes, which are less needed here, as the grazing stock are tended by herdsmen. The best cultivated lauds are fouml in 
the "estancias," or large estates belonging to the ricli. These haciendas are apparently a remnant of the old feudal sys- 
tem, and were granted with the Indians and all other appurtenances by the Spanish crown to favorite vassals. The great 
number of human beings attached to these estates are nothing more than mere serfe, receiving from their task-masters 
food, lodging, and clothing. How far the American element in the constitution of society in the Territory may modify 
this industrial monstrosity has yet to he seen. 

The inhabitants pay considerable attention to raising stock, and the great owners are possessed of largo numbers 
of horses, mules, cattle, and sheep. These, however, are of small size, because little attention has been given to 
improving the breeds; but they increase very rapidly, and little trouble is experienced in rearing them, as no housing 
is required in winter. The pasturage in the uncultivated parts is extensive, and thousands of stock graze thereon 
the year through. The Indians prove the greatest enemies to the farmers, and frequently carry off whole herds of 
cattle, etc. 

The mines of New Mexico are very rich, but mining operations have been much neglected, and a great many of the 
most valuable which were formeriy worked have been entirely deserted, owing chiefly to the unsettled state of ttie country, 
the invasions of the Indians, and other impediments. Gobi, silver, iron, copper, etc., are abundant in all the mountain 
country. Gold has been found in the Santa F6 district and south of it for a hundred miles, as far as Gran Quivira, and 
nor:h one hundred and twenty miles up to the Rio Sangre dc Cristo. The poorer classes occupy much of their time in 
washing out gold dust, which is largely deposited in the mountain streams about Santa F6; these washings are very rich, 
and some gold mines arc also worked there. These mines, according to Dr. Wislizenus, are the only mines of any 
consequence worked at the present time in all New Mexico. Several rich silver mines were worked by the Spaniards at 
Avo, at CcrriUos, and in the Nambe Mountains, but operations have long since ceased. Copper is abundant throughout 
the country, but especially at Las Tijeras, -lemez, Abiqui. Oua<l:ilupela de Mora, etc. Only one mine south of the 
placeros is at tne present time worked. Iron, though equally abund.int. is entirely overiooked, being considered of littlo 
value, in comparison with the precious metals. Coal has been discovered in a number of places, as in the Raton 
Mountains, near the village of Jemoz, soulh-west of Santa F6, and other places to the south. Gypsum, common and 
selenite, is also found in large quantities; the common is used as lime for white-washing, and the selcnite or crystalline 
instead of window-fflass. About 100 miles sonlh-east of Santa F6. on the high table-lands between the Del Norte and 
Pecos, are some extensive salt lakes or salinas, from which all tho domestic salt used in New Mexico is procurod. Large 
&50 



NEW MEXICO. 



caravans go there from the capital in the ilry &eas.^n. and return with as much as they can eimvcnicntly transport, and 
the merchants exchange their salt for «h<-at, bushel for bushel, or sell il for one or t-vcti two dollars a bushel. 

"Not far from these salinas," says Dr. W-islizenua, " the ruins of an old city are found— of the fabuUnwIa Gnm Quiviri.' 
The common report in relation to this place is. thai a very large aiul wealthy city was onc<j here situated, willi very rich 
minei», the produce of which was once or twice a year sent t<i Spain. Al one season, when they were making exiraordinary 
prepiirations for (ranyportinj the precious metal?, the Imlians attacked them ; whereupon lUe niuier-; buried tlieir ireasurca, 
worth loriy millions, and left the clLy together; but they were all killed except two, wlio went to Mexico, giving the 
particulars of the affair, and s-diciling aid to return. But the distance being so great and the Iiulianssn numerous, nobody 
would advairte, and the tiling was dropped. One of the two went to New tJricans, then under the riominion of Spain, 
raised five hundred men. and started by way of the Sabine l)iit was never heard of afterward. So far llie report. Within 
the la.st few years several Americans and Frenchjnen have visited the place; and allbrmgh they have nut found the 
treasure, they certify at least to tiie existence of an aqueduct, about li) miles in length, to the still sLinding walls of several 
churches, the sculptures of the Spanish coat-of-arms. and to plan y spacious pits, 8ui)po3ed to be sil\er mines. U was, no<^ 
doubt, a Spanisli mining town, and it is not unlikely it was destroyed in I681I, in the general suecessfal insurn-'Clion of the 
Indians in New Mexico against the Spaniards. Ur. Samuel (». Morton, in a late pamphlet, suggests the probability that 
it was originally an old Indian city.^^into which the Spaniards, as in several other itisiances, had introduced Ihemseivca, 
and subsequently abandoned it. Further iiivestigaiion, it is lo be hoped, will clear uj) this point." 

The climate of New Mexico is generally temperate, constant, and heaUhy. Considerable atmospheric differences, 
however, are experienced in the mountain districts and in the low valley of the lUo Grande. In the latter, the summer 
heat sometimes rises to 1U0° Fahrenheit, but the nights are always cool and pleasant. The winters are comparatively 
long, and the higher mountains are always covered with snow, and ice and snow are common at Santa F6, but the main 
river is never frozen over strong enough to admit the passage of horses and carriaijes. The sky is generally clear and 
drj', owing t*) the condensation of moisture on the surrounding hi|is. The months of July and October inclusive, constitute 
the rainy season, but the rains are neither so heavy nor so regular in their returns as on the more southern part of the 
conliuent. Disease is little known, except some inflammations and typhcad fevers in the winter season. 

The constitution of society in New Mexico, irrespective of the changes effected by the intermixture among the people 
of the American residents, is much simitar to that of other nations of Spanish origin. While tlie higher classes conform 
to the dictates of modern fashion, the mass of the people adhere to the maimers and cusUjuis of former times. The men 
are faithful to their «fr«/;<\*, or colored blankets, and to their wide trowsers, with glittering buttons, and sjilit from hip to 
ancle, to give the white cotton drawers a chance to be seen; and the women of all classes retain the rebozo, or small 
shawl, drawn over their heads, which gives them so coquettish an rippearance, and adds so greatly to their irresistible 
charms. Both sexes enjoy their cigaritos, their siesta, and their evening amusement at monle or fandango. Their dances 
are very graceful, and combine the waltz and quadrille. The prominent ingredient in the Mexican race is their Indian 
blood — il is visible in their features, complexion, in their acts and disposals. The men are ill- featured, but the women are 
graceful in their deportiucnt and maimers. The difference in the sexes are noT\ here more observable. The men aro 
lazy, mendacious, treacherous, and cruel, while the women are open-hearted, and when tlieir affections are requited, 
faithful wives; hut they are too often considered as mere househ"ld drudges. As a general remark, the females are 
devoid of education, but possess a strong common sense and natural aptness and sympathy, which are often of more 
practical use than the most refined book education. Tlie sufferings of the Texans captured while proaeculi.ig the Santa 
Ffi exi>edition were much mitigated by the benevolent attentions and disintcrest^^^d kindm^ses u\ the women — acts which, 
when contrasted with the barbarities and instULs heaped ujion them by the male portion of the iiihubilanta, will ever reflect 
honor on their many virtues. 

New Mexico is divided in seven counties, the general statistics of which, and tlie capitals of each, in ISoO, were a^ 
follows : 



Counties. 


Dwell. 


Pop. 


Fnrms 
in c<ilt. 


M.mu 
Estab 


Bernalillo... 


.. 1.6M. 


. 7,7.')1 . 


. VA 


. . 


Eto Ariba... 


.. 2,413 . 


. 10,66S . 


. 47-2 


.. . 


SantA Ana.. 


.. 973 . 


. 4,(>45 . 


. 194 


.. . 


Santa F6 . . . 


. 1.56t . 


7,713 . 


. 713 


.. 6 . 



Capitals. 


Counlies. 


Dwell. 


Pop. 


iiii'iilt. 


K^tdb. 


CaintaU. 


Albnquerque 


San Miguel . . 


1.731 . 


. 7.074 . 


. 177 


. . 


. Sub Miguel 


Cii.liiUo 


T.ios 


2,214 . 


. 9.S07 . 


. 651 


. 13. 


. Taos 


Jcniez 


Socorro (new) 


— . 


— . 


. — 


. — . 


. Socorro 


Santa F^ 


Valencia 


2,S77 . 


. 14,147 . 


. 1,379 


. 1 . 


Valencia 



The whole number of dwellings in the Slale was, at the above date, 13,4o3, of families 13,502, and of iuhaliilanls 01,505, 
vi2. : whites 61,4S8— males 31,700, and females 29,7S2, fr. eol. 17— males 14, and females 3. Of the whole population 
there were deiif and <lumh—\t\\. 14, fr. eol. 0— total 14 : ?/;/«</— wh. 9S, fr. col. 0— total 95 ; insane— \s\i.. 11, fr. col. 0— 
tola! 11 ; and tt/fojtc— wh. 3S, fr. col. 0— total 3S. The number of free persons born in the United State,s was 59,201, 
the number of foreign birth 2,003, and of birth unknown 223. The natii-e populalion (iri?,'inatej as fullowa: Me. 13, 
N. Hamp. 6, Verm. S, Mass. 24, P.. 1. 1, Conn. 10, N. T. 101, N. Jer. 9, Penn. 97, Del. 0, Md. 37, Disl. of Col. 12, Virg. 77, 
N. Car. 13, S. Car. IS, Ga. 9, Flnr. 5, Ala. 5. MLss. 0, La. 4, Tex. 46, Ark. 17, Tenn. 25. Ky. 02, Ohio .34, Mieh. s. Ind. 11, 
111. 24, Mo. 63, la. 8, Wise. 1, Calif. 6, Nmo Mt-xiro 5S,4.')1, Territories 50 ; and the foreign population was composed of 
persona from— Englaud 43, Ireland 292, Scotland, 29, Wtiles 1, Germany 215, France 20, Spain 3, Portugal 1, lielijiuin 0, 
Holland 2, Italy 1, Austria 0, Switzerland II, Patssia 4, Denmark 2, Norway 2, Sweden 1, Prussia 14, Sardinia 0, Greece 0,' 
China 0. Crilish America SS, Mexico 1,365, West Indies 2, and other counlries 5. 

The statistical returns of the wealth, industry, products, etc., of the Territory, according lo the census of 1S50, and other 
ofGcial documents referring to the same period of time, are as follows; 

OcnipUd iMmIs, rfe.— Improved farm lands 100,201 acres, and unimproved lands 124,370 acres— v.alued in r9£b.at 
$1,65.3,953 ; number of farms under cultivation 3,750; value of farming imiilernents and machinery $77,900. 

iice-Sto-*.— Horses, 5,079; asses and mules, S.654 ; milch cows, 10,035; working oxen, 12.257; other calUeylO.OSS; 
Bheep, 377,271 ; swiue, 7,314 — in the aggregate valued in cash at .tl,4tU,029. 

Productn qf Animata.—V,'i>ul2%9Dl pounds; butter. 111 pounds; cheese, 5,149 pounds; and the vaino of animals 
slaughtered during the year f S2,125. Neither eilk, nor beeswax and honey are ri-turncJ by the census takers, aJthoughit 
Is well known that both arc produced to a considerable amount. 

Grain and other Food t>w;)«.— Wheat, 190,510 bushels; rye, bushels ; Indian com. 305,411 bushels; onis, 5 bushels; 
barley, 5 bushels; and buckwheat, 100 bushels. The other food crops consisted of 15,6SS bushels of peas, uud three 
bushels of Irish potatoes. 

■ 851 



NEW MEXICO. 



MisceUaiieom C'-o;m.— Tobacoo, 8.467 pounds; mnl;ii«e3, 4,236 gallons; and wine, 2,863 gallons. Value of urcliard 
pro'iucls, $S,'2-31, and of market-garden products, $6,679. 

Ilomt-viade JLi7iu/urture^ for tho year ending Isl June, 1S50, were valu&.l ai $6,039. There is but one tannery in 
the Territory with a capital of $500. 

" The ^cw Mexicans are celebrated for Ihc mannfacture of coarse blankets, wbich is an article of cmsidorable traffic 
between them and the southeni provinces, as also with the neighboring Indians, and on some occasions with the Slates 
eastward of the country. The finer ariicles are curiously woven in handsome figures of various colors. These are of 
different qiialilles, the most ordinary being valued at about 'two dollars, while those of the finest texture, especially iboir 
imitations of the nerape Navajo^ will sell for twenty dollars or more. There have been also made in New Afexico a few 
imitalions of the serape SalWf^ro^ the blanket of Saltillo, a city of the South, celebrated for the manufacture of tlie 
most splendid fancy blankets, singularly figured with all the colors of the rainbow. These arc often sold for more than 
fifty liollars each. \Vhat n-nders the weaving of the fancy blankets extremely tedions is, that the variegation of eolors is 
all eflecled with the shuttle; the texture in other respects beitTg perfectly plain, without even a tivill. An additional 
value is set upon the fine serape on account of its being a fashionable substitute for a cloak. Indeed, the inferior s<;rape 
is the only over-dress used by the peasantry in the winter. 

" Besides blankets, the New Mexicans manufacture a kind of coarse twilled woolen ^ufT called gerga^ which is check- 
ered with black and while, ami is used for carpets, and also by the peasantry for clothing ; which, in fact; with some t>ther 
similar domestic siufTs, together with buckskin, constituted almost the only article of wear they were possessed of. till the 
trade from Missouri fiirttished them with foreign fabrics at more reasonable prices than they ha(i been in the habit of 
paying to the traders of the southern provinces. Their domestic textures are nearly all of wool, there being no flax or 
hemp, and but little cotton spun. The manufacture eVen of these articles is greatly embarrassed for want of good spin- 
ning and weaving machinery. Much (if the spinning is done with the hit/so^or makicate (the whirligig spindle), which 
is kept whirling in a bowl with the fingers, while the thread is drawn. The dexterity with which the females spin with 
thb simple apparatus is truly astonisiiing." — Gregg. 

New Mexico receives most of its foreign goods by the overland route. This trade is carried on by caravans that trav- 
erse the desert at stated periods annually. Before 1S22 it had scarcely an existence, but since that lime it has gradually 
increased and become profitable; and it is probable Ibnt the total value of goods thus annually brought into the territory 
is not less than a million ol dollars ; but a great portion of I be goods representing this amount is smuggled into Chihua- 
hua and other Mexican States. The est:iblished post or e/itrepdt for depositing the goods brought on tlie voyage upward 
by the Missouri for the Santa F6 trade, is the town of Independence, situate about twelve miles from the Indian border 
and two or three soutli of the Missouri River. 

Government — The government Is based on the act of Congress approved 9th September, 1S50, establishing the Terri- 
tory. It provides — That every ir^a white male inhabitant 21 years of age, who shall have been a resident of the territory 
at the time of the pa_ssage of the act above named, shall be entitled to vote. The right of suffrage and of holding office 
shall be exercised only by citizens of the United States, including those recognized as citizens by the treaty with the Ke- 
public of Mexico, concluded 2d February, 184S. 

The Z^gifilatlveAsaemhl}/ consists of a Council and House of Kepresentatives, The council consista of la-raembers, to 
Bcrve for two years, and tiie house of 26 members, to serve for one year. Members are to be residents in and inhabitants 
of the district from which elected. A plurality of votes elects, and in case of a tie, the governor orders a new c-leclion. 
All acts passed by the legislature and approved by the governor, shall be submitted to Congress, and if disapproved, shall 
be of no etfect. 

The Governor is appointed by the President of the United States for four years, and until his successor be qualified. 
He must reside within the territory, and is ea'-ojfffcio Superintendent of Indian Affairs. He may pardon for ofi"ensc3 
against the laws of the Territory, and reprieve convicted ofl"en<iers against those of the United Stales, until the will of 
the President be known. A Secretary of State is appointed in like manner, for four years, unless sooner removed, who 
ehall act fis governor when said office is vacant, or the g'tvernor is necessarily absent. 

The 'Judiciary is vested in a Supreme Court, District Courts, Probate Courts, and in justices of the peace. The supreme 
court consists of a chief justice and two :issociate justices, any two of whom form a quorum. A term is held at the seat 
of government annually. The Territory is divided into three juflicial districts, and a district court is held in each by one 
of the justices of the Superior Court, at sucJi time and place as m.iy be prescribed by law, and the said justices are obliged 
to reside in the districts assigned tliem. The supreme and district courts possess chancery as well as common law juris- 
diction. "Writs of error, exceptions, and appeals from the district courts, lie to the supreme court, but in nn case removed 
to the supreme court shall there bo a trial by jury. Where the value of property in question exceeds :i!l,000. final appeal 
lies to the supreme court of the United Statcfj. Probate courts are established in the several counties. Justices of the 
peace are not competent Ui try any cause in which the hr.un<laries of land may be In controversy, nor where the amount 
claimed exceeds $100. There is also an attorney and marshal appointed for four years. The other township, district, or 
county officers shall be appointed or elected as the law may provide. 

Congremional Ddegatioiu—X delegate to Congress shall be elected by a plurality of the qualified voters. 

When the lands of the Territory shall be surveyed, uuiler the directions of the general goTernment, preparatory to 
bringing the same into market, sections numbered 16 and .36 in each township shall be reserved f«}r schools in the Territory, 
and in the slates and territories hereafier to be erected out of the same. The Constitution, and all the laws of the United 
States whidi are nrtt locally inapplicable, shall have the same force and effect within the Territory as elsewhere within tho 
United Slatas; an<l nocilizen of the United States shall be deprived of his life, liberty, or property, except by the judg- 
ment of his peers and the laws of the land. 

The assessed value of all real and personal estate in •he Territory, in 1S50, was $5,174,471. 

HeUgious /^enom.inafioJi.^.—'^i'W Mexico is an Apostolic Vicariate of the Roman Catholic Church, and at present is 
governed by the Right Rev. John Lamy, D.D., who was consecrated November 24th, lS50. Accordinsr t« the census of 
1850, the number of churches of this denomination, which, before the session of 1S48. was the estal)lishcd religion, and 
that professed by the whole populati<m,wji3U6. having accommodation for 76.100 persons, and tho buildinjjs being valued 
as property at ^;1>S.200. The fact of the country being now a part of the United States h;is done away with the exclusive 
nature of this church ; and although no other churches are noticed in the official returns as existing within tlie Territory, 
yet it is assumable that others do exist for the accommodation of those ciiizen immigrants from the old Slates whose 
religious viewi do not coincide with the general and popular creed. Assuredly there is no impediment to Ihoir foundation. 
553 



NEW 



NEW 



esmblished at tUis >,„,e. The mi„es tore su es ftX^^,"; ,^0';,°, T'^V"'' '"" "'"" "">' ^---- *-« 

-he„, q,„„ „nexpcc.ed,y, in 168.1, a general insurrec ,n ; , V " L ™ .S « U™^^ T '"""''' '^■™'"' '^ '"■ »'■-"=''. 

Span,ar<ls were either nia^,acre<l or driven southward, ^vh"re thev fo.md^^^^^^^^^^ f» "" ""= -f'''"''*' >'*^' Th" 

recovered f ,r ten or twelve years. Several ir„nrr,.„H„J 1 '^ rumWed El I'aso del Norte. The eountry was not 

cue. The deep rancor of „fe ladianThTw^ "^ ^t ^tlro^rslrtT^; '"' """ • ^" ""'^•^""' "' '»-'--- '"'^ 

race an.l is often displayed in the most bloody and critoLhr" I l^.h, ""■""':'"" "-"'■«'!■>"'*• »t"l -"'«les the 

he Ln.ted Slates became master of the countr^ Th eo„n, v nlw V ?"7',^' ''^™ "'" ""•" ''"^ f^-l"-'" ''"^ 

threw the Spanish power, an.l since that perio, to v hin H eL f?w v ' ' f '"'''''""' """ ""• '"""""'" "- — '- 

or New Mexico, previous ,0 the invasion Lv the Am e "s ha;l, t.o ' ^ '"'™ "'™"^ 'logeneratins. The hi^ory 

barism and tyranny. On the Sth SeplemheritMSaWa Few 1 '" "'•'■''fV""""™- " '" " ''""•i™™"-- "-e.-rd of bar- 

and soon afk-r several of the river towns wore "'sited "n hi, „,'?;'; ."*' "'" ■"""'"''"^ """" «™<-'-' K^'-^fT, 

lished. On the 19th .of Januarj-, mz, an Lurre Ion "rot out a ■ ? 1 """ ^ '"'' *'''>--'""™' -- ""w «ta£ 

An,erica„s were murdered, among whom was MB™, t- govemof "t "'^^™^"''™»' ""^ !" --■-> P"oWos n,a„y 

chief seen^of strife. The battles of La Can.ada and E^Ernhnfo n7 ?'■ •^'■'■"•™-H''»'l<'. "»'l I'-io Color.ado were tho 

Taos, in all of which the Mexicans were co" p elc"y Snqt -d Some 'few s[" "l"""'"' •™" '" '""'"'■•"' ">^^ "^""^ "' 

importance, and from this period the United States author ties ever",^., f '™'"'^'' °«!"-'-<^'l ''"■-■' U.ese, but none of 

treaty of peace and cession was signed at Gua,h lupe I dal 1 v wb ;^w ^7' """"■■ °" ""^ ^'^ ^"""'"'''y' l*''^. « 

the 9,h September, ls.,0, the country within iU p e„ i niS wa^ ere^l": fr", '"^ ""'^""' '" ""^ ^'"'™' ^'"^ ™ 

however, the people had formed for themselves a State constitu^.n 1 ^^h "" S"^'"'-"™™'- I" the interim, 

rem^ded bac. to a territorial condition, under whrHT^^^rur „'^: J:.;;* ^^ "^ ^-»"-'' -'" "''= --^^ 

S.^T.. F., on the eas.s.de of the Eio Grande, is the political capital of The TerZy; • 



New MicmaA.v, p. 0., Livingston co., m.: 96 m N E 
Springfield. ' " 

New MtDDLETowN, p. v., Mahoninj co., OMo: IM m 
N. E. by E. Columbus. Drained by a cr. of Mahonin<^ r 

New MiLFoRt., t. an,l p. v., Litchfleld cc^, tV/™.;'(l m 
W. S. W. Hartford, .32 ,n. N. W. by W. New Haven, on 
Housaton.c r. and It. E., 87 m. from Bridgeport. Surface 
uneven and hilly : soil gravelly and clay loam, well watered 
by Housatonic river and its branches. The I. contains 10 
churches, several taimerie.s, an.l mills. The v. is very hand- 

of "1 tl """"'"^ """"^ """" "'"^ '^'■" "■'"'°''- •P^P'"="i'"> 

New Muford, p. 0., Winuibago m.,m. .- IS.3 m. N bv E 
BprmgUeld. * 

Alba™ ^'"'°'"'' P- "•' °"°Se CO., K K; 102 m. S. by W. 

New MiiFOEn, t. and p. v., Susquehanna co., P«,„. .• 
1.4 m. N. N L. HarrisDurg. Drained by MitehelPs and 
Salt L,ck creeks : the surface is h illy, with a soil of clay and 
pravel. There is some manufacturing done in the t The 
Lackawanna and Western E. E. passes through Ihe t., and 
connects w,th the New York and Erie R. E., 6 m. disl^nt 

JSEwM„.LT0WN,p.o., Lancaster CO., Pen,,... 38 „. g e 
llarnsburg. 

New .M.lton, p. 0., Doddridge co., Urg. : 214 m. N. W. 
iiicnmontl. 

New M„„.^t Pleasant, p. v., Jay co., Tml. : 67 m. N E 

Ji:::'r;httr''-™="^ '-- '^'"'^'' •» ^'''"-"'•' 

Newnan p. v., and cap. Coweta co., Ga. .■ 97 m.W bv N 
om Atllito The"^" '• ""■ T'"' '""'"-'■ '"= ^-^ '" -• 

w^kiy. '"■^"' '^'""'"" ^''™-) '^ r.''Wisi";-J 

1- rE^^E TnJ"; '■' ""'r"- ^'"''""^ """"'>•• ^''»•••• 

Allm" ' ^- "■' ^'"'"'"' '"■' ^' ''■■ "'^ ™- W. S. W. 

New Oeleaxs, p. city, port of entry, and cap. Orleans 
par, /,„.; on the E. or lea bank of ,he Missisi^^pi ve" 
10= m. above its month, and in a direct line 7S m S E 
Baton Eouge. La,. 290 57' 30" N., and long. 900 w 

A traveler ,s siniek on enlering tho city "with ihe old 
and narrow streets, the high houses ornamented with taste 
ful connces, >r„n balconies, and many other circumstances 



pccuhar to towns m France and Spain, and poinling out 
the past history of this city, fated ,0 change iu n.asters so 
often. The newer pans of the city are, however, buUt 
more ,n the American style, the streets being wide and 
regularly la.d out. Many of the dwellings are built in a 
style of magn.flcence and beauty that will rival those of any 
oher cty, while Ihe beautiful grounds attached to them, 
filled will, the luxuriant foliage of the south, give to Ih,™ m 
a.r of comiort and ease which are seldom enjoyed bv tho 
city resident. There are in the city six public squares; laid 
out with taste, inclosed wilh hands.>rae fe.icin.- and 
adorned with a variety of trees an.l shrubbery. These 
aff.ird a pleasant retreat from the heat and glare of the 
streets and tend als.. to improve the health of Ihe city. 
Tho old city is built iu the form of a parallelogram Tho 
present city consists of this part, the suburbs of St. Man's 
An,iue,ation,and La Course, called Faubourgs, and Ihe City 
of Lafayette above, and the suburbs of Maugney, Douruois, 
and Declouel below, and Treme and St. .John in the rear 
Including these, it extends about 5 miles along the river and 
.s rapidly being extended back toward Lake Pontehartrain, 
with which It communicates by means of the Basin, Canal, 
a,,d Bayou St. John, with Mobile, Pensacola, and the 
whole Gutf sh.)re. It also communicates bv means of tho 
bayoux Plaquemine and Lafourche wilh 'ibe Atlakapas 
country, and has many other communications by means of 
the numerous bayoux and lakes with the lower part of 
Louisiana. 

The charier of this now opulent city was granted in 1S05. 
In 1S36 It was thought advisable ,0 divide the cily into 
three separate municipalities, each wilh distinct municipal 
powers. These municipalities extended backward six miles 
to Lak.' Pontehartrain. The first municip.alitv w.as divided 
into live wards, and the second an.l third in'to four wards 
Bach. Ea.-h had a recorder and twelve aldermen, except 
the thir.l, which had only seven al.lernien. A mayor and 
twelve al.lermen, four aldermen from each municipality 
elecle.1 by general ticket, and called the general eouncu' 
presidc.1 over the whole city. This system was altere<l irl 
1^52, when the city was organizcil into one community 
embracing also the cily of Lofttyette, under a single admin^ 
istration. 

The Mississippi opposite tho cily is half a mile wide and 

from 100 to 100 feel deep, and continues of this depth to ' 

near the Gulf, wh.^e there are ban,, having only froi„ ,3 to 

16 fcc. of water. The cty is built on an incline.l plane, Ihe 

1 declivity falling gently from the river lo the swamps in the 

S53 



NEW 



NEW 



rear. At high water it is from three to nine feet below the 
water surface, nnd, to protect it from inunditlion, an em- 
bankment called l\u; I.evee is raised on iis burdcr. " Levee" 
is a French wt)rd of primary importance within the Stale of 
Louisiana ; it pervades ils slalule books, and is hoard daily 
within its halla of justice. There is little or no lantl on the 
banks of the river in this State, if we except an mconsider- 
able quantity in the neijrhborhood of IJaion Kousje, which 
Would not be covered with the waters of the Mississippi in 
the sprins^ months, were it not for the artifleial embank- 
ment which the industry of man hns raised to exclnde 
them. The Levee of New Orleans is one continuous land- 
inpr-place or quay, four miles in extent, nnd of an averasje 
width of 100 feet. It is 15 feet above low water mark, and 
6 feet above the level of the city, to wiiich it is graduated by 
an easy descent. Like the river it mari;ins, it holds a ser- 
pentine course, advancing or receding as the Mississippi 
encroaches upon the city, or falls off toward the opposite 
bank. It is construciod of deposit, a rich alluvion swept 
from the N., and held in suspension by the waters until 
their rapidiry is cheeked by a su<iden change of direction, or 
swollen to overflowing, they spread over the adjacent swamps 
again to retire and again to bless the land they have visited 
by an increase of soil. The deposit is so great, nnd the con- 
sequent formation nf new land Bo rapid imraedialely in 
front of that i)ortiou of the quay, which is most used for the 
purposes of commerce, that it has within a few years be- 
come necessary to build piled wharves, jutting out from 50 
to 100 feet into the river. The new formation which is 
governed as to its locality by what may well be termed the 
freaks of the Mississippi, is called ''balture," and when it 
hns progressed to such an extent as to be left bare by the 
returniug water at ils lowest stage, is held capable of own- 
ership. Here may be seen what New Orleans was before 
the application of steam to navigation. Hundreds of long, 
narrow, black, dirty-looking, crocodile-like rafts lie slug- 
gishly without moorings upon the soft batturc, and pour ont 
their contents upon the quay — a heterogenous compound of 
the products of the I'pper Mississippi and its tributaries. 
These are rafts, or flat-boats, as they are technically CiUled. 
each frequently carrying cargoes valued at from $y,00ii to 
$15,000. Twenty years ago. and these were the only craft 
on the river! nor liiis (heir number been decreased since 
the introdui'lion of the steamboat. Not less characteristic 
of New Orleans is the landing of the latter class of craft. 
The quay is here all action, and the very water is covered 
with life. Huge vessels float upon its bosom which ac- 
knowledge none of the powers of air and wait no tide. One 
is weighed down to the guards with cotton, a fn-ight of 
8,000 bales— $150.0110! Twenty more lie side by side laden 
with the same commodity. Huge piles, bale upon bale, 
Btory above story, cover the levee. Pork without end. as if 
the Ohio had emptied its lap at Ihe door of New Orleans; 
and flour by the thousand barrels rolled out upon the quay 
and heaped up — a large area is covered with these two 
products oflhe up-country, and still appears seemingly un- 
diminished, although the seller, the buyer, and drayman 
are busy in the midst of it. Here is a boat freighted with 
lead from Galena ; and .inother brings furs and peltry 
from the head waters of the Missouri, S.OOO miles to the 
north-west! The Illinois, the Ohio, the Missouri, the Ark- 
ansas, and Red Kiver, all are tributaries to this commercial 
dep6t, and send down to its wharves merchantable material 
of the annual value of f>n^ hundred iniUion of dollars more 
or less. Nearly 20.000 miles of inland navigation is tribu- 
tary to this city. The quay appropriated to the foreign and 
coastwise shipping presents another nnd a different scene. 
Here the cotton bale, tobacco hogshead, pork an<l flour bar- 
rel, and the whisky cask yield to bales of foreign and do- 
mestic manufactures, pipes of wine, and crates of wares. 
The shipping stretches away as far as the eye can reach, 
two miles or more in extent three tiers deep, with their 
heads to the current curving with the rirer— a beautiful 
65i 



crescent. The English, the French, the Spanish, the Dane, 
the Kussinn, the Swede, the Hollander, etc., are he?e com- 
mingled, and compete for the commerce of the teeming 
West. 

The following statistics will exhibit the extent and value 
of the trade of New Orieans, in 1850-51 : 

1. — Receipts down the Mississippi, from the interior: 



Apples — 


.brls.. 


54,S0S 


Hay 


..bis. . 


48,281 


IJucun 


.cks. . 


4S,6I)2 


Iron, pig . . 


..tons . 


152 


Bacon 


.brls.. 


9,2T4 


Lard 


.tcs... 


115.570 


Bacon, hams. " .. 


4t,473 


Lard 


..kgs . 


157,931 


Bacon in blk 


. lbs. . 


235,000 


Lime 


.brls.. 


37,733 


Bagijing... 


.pes. . 


72.304 


Lead 


.pigs. 


325,505 


Bale rope... 


.coils. 


107,224 


Lead 


.bars. 


629 


Beans 


.brls.. 


4.2.30 


Lead, while 


..kegs. 


1,930 


BiiUer 


.keifs. 


54,907 


MolassBS. . . 


.brls.. 


184,483 


Butter 


.brls.. 


2.720 


0al3 


. " .. 


479,741 


Beeswa.x ... 


.brLs.. 


2*1 


Onions 


. " .. 


14,297 


Beef 


.bl.&to. 49,066 


Oil, linseed 


. " .. 


473 


Beef, dried.. 


.lbs. . 


15,300 


Oil, castor.. 


. " .. 


4,145 


Buff, robes. . 


.nks.. 


155 


Oil, lard . . . 


. " .. 


17.15T 


Col..La.&Mi 


bales 


61S.156 


Pickles.... 


11 


893 


" Lake... 


. " .. 


14,899 


Potatoes... 


. " .. 


192,922 


" N. Ala. & 




Pork 


. " .. 


786,084 


Ten. ... 


a 


2-30.321 


Pork 


.bxs. . 


1,930 


" Ark. ... 


. " .. 


62,793 


Pork 


.hhds. 


1,231 


" Monlc. . 


. " .. 


IS.OSl 


Pork in bulk. lbs. .10,513,895 


" Mobile.. 


. " .. 


24,473 


Porter & ale 


.brls.. 


as4 


" Florida 


. " .. 


11,091 


Pack in:; yarn. ris... 


4,190 


" Texas.. 


. " .. 


9,2,52 


Skins, deer 


.pks.. 


1,119 


Corn meal . . 


.brls.. 


3,663 


Shot 


.kgs. 


2,044 


Corn in ears 


. " .. 


42,520 


Sugar 


.bhJs. 


12.5,755 


Corn shelled. sks. . 


1,298,932 


Sugar 


.brls.. 


18,675 


Cheese 


. bxs. . 


78,894 


Soap 


.b.xs. . 


9,484 




i( 


80,74.8 
245 






50 ,000 


Cider 


.brls.. 


Staves 




9,00(1,1100 


Coal, weslem.bsh. . 


700,000 


T.-illow . : . . 


.brls.. 


6,164 


Drd. peaches 


. " . 


2,085 


Tobacco, leaf.hhtls. 


64,080 


Dried apples 
Flax-seed . . 


1* 
Irs. . . 


4,168 
204 


Tobacco, 
chewing. 


.kgs^. 


4,115 


Flour 


brls.. 


941,106 


Tobacco ... 


.bis... 


220 


Furs 


.pktts. 


1,289 


Twine 


.bdls.. 


• 3,156 


Feathers 


.bRS.. 


8,645 


"Whisky . . . 


.brls.. 


157,741 


Hemp 


.Ms. . 


25.116 


Window glassbxs. . 


16,423 


Hides 


.No.. 


140,833 


Wheat, brls. & sks.. 


83,797 



V.ilue in 1850-51 ,$106,924,038 I Value in 184S-49, $31,989,693 
" 1349-50, 96,817,373 I " 1847^3, 79,779,151 

2. — Keceipta by Lake Ponlehartrain and the New Canal : 



Cotton 


.bis. 


40.329 


Timber ... 


.feet 


38,107,000 


Wood 


.cr- Is. 


27.820 


Bricks 


.No. 


24,000,000 


Sand 


.brls. 


. 197,600 


Shells 


. " . 


62,200 


Charcoal .. 


(i 


110,6110 


Tar 


. " . 


2,239 


Shingles .. 


.No. 


2,392.000 


L«lhs . 


(( 


S,1W,000 

ftJ2,noo 


St;LVes 


" 


Sa.sh and door prs. 


7,800 


Sp. Turp. . . 


.brls. 


3,094 


INwin 


. " . 


10,250 


Salt 


..sks. 


15,799 


Cotton gins. 


.No. 


549 


Hides 


. " . 


8,9,'i5 


Corn mills. 


. " . 


70 


Domestics. . 


.bis. 


959 


Sheepskins 


. " 


8 


Hay 


. " 


85 


Buckets . . . 


.doz. 


682 



Tobacco, leaf. bxs.. 
Merchandise, bxs. . 

Moss bis. . 

Cotton seed..bg8.. 

Wool " . 

Sugar hhds. 

Molasses brls.. 

Fish " .. 

Knees No. . 

Pickets " .. 

Clapbi)ards... " ,. 
Gunny bags., bK . 
Hoop poles . .No. . 
Horned cattle. " .. 

Pork brls.. 

Paper bdls. 

Castor oil cans. 

Lime brls.. 

Lime cks. . 

Hemp '. . .bis.. . 

Cement brls. . 

Plaster hhds. 



T59 

22 

205 

95 

30 

970 

773 

50 

1,480 

24,900 

43,900 

183 

40,000 

200 

95 

61 

81 

1,003 

129 

20 

150 

13 



NEW 



NEW 



3. — Principal exports, coastwise, incluJiug exports via rontcliartrain Eallroad and New Caual, 

Lar-t. 



Cotton. 



52,393 . . 
S2,540 . . 
14,S6T . . 
2,511 .. 



Pi>rl», 

New York. .. 

Boston 

Pliiladelpliia. 
Balliniore ... 

Chtirlryion — 

Savannati — 

KorC)]k, etc — 

Alexandria — 

Mobile — 

Ai)palac., etc. . . — 
Other ports 601 



lo.osr 

1,594 

1,118 

754 



291 



. 13,595 . . 
~m . . 

. 10,204 .. 

. 3,070 .. 

. 3,517 . . 

. 4,072 .. 

. 552 .. 

. 3,S40 . . 

. 1,071.. 

. 2,833 .. 



Barrels. 
655 .. 
27 .. 
SOT .. 
237 . , 
660 .. 
S9 ., 
120 .. 

2,206 . 

254 .. 

3,409 



Flnur. 
Barrels. 
72,554 , 
SS,925 , 
41S , 

6,175 



Pork. 
Barrel 3. 

65,849 . 

T7,S06 . 

6,533 . 

13,421 . 

1.003 . 



Bacon. 
HIiJs. 

9,S56 
6,503 , 
2,703 
ljS4.3 
2,572 



.209,823 . 
.224.333 . 
. 41,045 . 
. 32,585 . 
. '2,769 . 



Beef. 

Barrels 

3,055 

13,4.35 

421 

955' 

119 



e, etc. ; 

Whisky. 



Bai 



els 



1,381. 
2,242 . 
26S. 
l.,M2 . 
11,514 . 



160,723 
. 32,461 
. 9.471 

. 23,978 



.150,960 .. 22,590 .. 19,97: 



40,040 . . 8,755 . . 50,333 . .160,125 



4. — Principal exports to foreign countries, in 1S49-50 : 

Cotton. Ti»baecn. 

Country. Bales. Hlids. 

Great Britain, 552,372 13,223 

France 130,362 4,182 

North of Europe 47,786 9,393 

South of Kurope, etc 54,120 13,859 

Flour, 264.356 barrels; pork, 16,230 brls. ; lard, 188,353 
kegs ; beef, 20,645 barrels ; corn, 158,613 sacks. 

Tlie arrivals at New Orleans from the intcrii »r, etc., in 1S40- 
50 wi^rti : Jiat boat^ 941 — from Ohio 218, from Kentucky 55, 
from Indiana 298, from Virginia 12, from Pennsylvania 222, 
from Illinois 19, from Tennessee 104, and from Mississippi 
10 ; and the rlcer st^amhoat^ 2,913. 

The total value of domestic merchandise exported from 
New Orleans to foreign countries from the Ist July, 1850, to 
SOlh .June, 1551. amounted to $53,955,013, of which to the 
value of 138.022.609 was carried in American, and -115,965.404 
in foreign bottoms; and the tittal value of foreign merchan- 
dise re-exported w.^s $445,950, of which to the value of 
$388,265 was carried in American, and $57,685 in foreign 
bottoms. The following are the entrances and clearances 
in the foreign trade in the year above named: 

Clearances : 



Quarter emiing 

80th September, 1850, 
Slst December, " , 
8l8t March, 1S61 

80th June, " , 

Total. . , 

ESTRAXCBS ; 

Quarter ending . 

SOlll September, 1850. 

Slst December, " . 

Slst March, 1S51. 

aoth June, " . 



An>erican^ 



Foreign. 



Vessels. Tonnage. 
...109.... 44.549. 
...114.... 53,946. 
...183.... 85,747. 
...2:34.... 108,716. 



Ves.«els. Tonnage. 
.. 62..., 19,867 

.. 66.... 20,937 

..119 53,762 

.. SS.... 34,383 



.645.. 



292,953. 



325. 



.123,949 



Foreign. 



Vessels. 

... 61.. 
...15S.. 
...178.. 
...UG.. 



Tonnage, Vessels. Tonnage. 

. 16,17T.... 42.... 14,^7 
. 61,437.... 106.... 40,S27 
. 64.104.... 97.... 45,203 
. 53.368.... SS.... 86,613 



Total. 



.543. 



.195,136.... 333.... 137,000 

Caali Li.ibilitiM. 



The total number of entrances in the coastwise traHein 
1S5(I-51 wasl.t;2T vessels, of the aggiregate bunion of 353.175 
tons, and the total number of clearan(*ea was 1,17S, of tho 
agiSregate bunlen of 435,892 tons. 

The manufactures of New Orleans are not extensive. 
There are several furnaces, machine shops. distiUfries, 
sugar refineries, lumber yards, steam saw-mills, li)bacco 
factories, etc. — in all using a capital of some three millions 
of dollars; and besides these there are the handicrafts com- 
mon to all large cities, which in the aggregate make up a 
respectable list of occupations. The most extensive fnuudry 
and machine shop of the south-west is that of John Lee^is 
tfc Co. in this city ; it employs 175 men, nTjd from 4 to 5 tons 
of metal are daily melted down and ran off into the thoa- 
sand-and-one things f )r which iron and brflss may be used 
— a steam-engine and sugar-mill dow-n to a nut and screw. 
This establishment has grown up from a little shop owned 
by the father of one of the principals 20 years ago, and is a 
fair illustration of what, from .sm.ill beginnings,' Americaa 
energy, perseverance. an<l enterprise, can accomplish. Its 
cotton presses are among the largest in the Union, and cover 
an immense area. The New Orleans Cotton Press occupies 
an area of 194,656 square feet, most of whieli is covered by 
the buildings. On an average, 160,000 bales of cotton are 
annually pressed at this establishment. Tlie market bouses 
of New Orleans are in general substantial and expensive 
buildings; the meat market on the Levee is a conspicuous 
building, and is one of the principal objects seen from tho 
river; St. Mary's Market is 4SG feet long, and 42 feet in 
widlli ; and Washington Market is also an extensive build- 
ing. These are well supplied with all kinds of south-west- 
ern produce, and abound in tropica! fruits and esculents. 
The retail trade of New Orleans is extravagantly provided 
for ; its stores and sales-rooms are magnificent, and their pa- 
tronage beyond precedent hirge. The dress, habits, and 
customs of the inhabitants require this lavish exhibition of 
merchandise, and they \villingly support it at an immense 
cost to individual revenue. The New Orleans banks are 
seven in number, and their condition on tho SOlh Nov., 
1850, was as follows : 



C;isli AsseU. 



Banks— Specie pnying. 



- Louisiana Bank $S31.*239 

' Canal an<i Banking Co. 1,301,595 

'liOiiisiana State Bank 1,712,975 

Mechanics' amlTraders'Banfc 932.855 

Union Bank 25,810 .... 

Non Specie paying. 

Citizens' Bank 11.061 ... 

Consolidated Association 20,295 ... 



Total. 

, $3,939,406 , 
, 2,761,022 . 
, 4.448.714 . 
. 3.153.04.3 . 
69,892 

13.608 
21,047 



Specie. 
.. $1,854,0.88 
.. 1,126.140 
.. 1,640.045 
.. 1,526.;'57 
81,717 



Tolal. 

. $5,701,551 
. 3,595.059 
. 4,971.969 
. 4,177.313 
. 408,668 



Total LiflbililfM, 
exclusive of Capital. 

.... $3,939,4f)6 ... 

.... 2,761.023 ... 

.... 4,44S,714 ... 

.... 8,153.S43 ... 

69,892 ... 



Total 
Assets. 

$8,662,741 

7,010,96S 

, 6,745.741 

5,228,457 

. 4,459,931 



14,448 .... 24.1.008 
7,094 14,767 



6,943.496 .... 6,457.779 
1,638,491 .... 1,281,139 



Total . 



... $4,335,531 ...$14,407,533 . . . . $5,760,OS9 ...$19,409,335 ...$22,954,871 ...$39,845,904 



A branch of the TTnited States mint is located here ; also 
tiieU. S. land office fnr the land district of New Orleans; 
the V. S. custom-house, and other federal esttiblishments. 
The mint has extensive buildings on the Ksplanade; the 
main ediflce is 252 feet long and 103 feet deep, and its two 



wings are 81 feet by 29 feet, the whole of three stories. The 
coinage at this branch is only gold and silver. For the year 
ending 1st July, 1S51, the value of gold deposits was 
$8,285,637. and of gold mnney coined, $8,904,000; of the d&i 
posits, $8,152,379 was California gold, and of the coinage^ 

055 



NEW 



NEW 



$6,6T0,000 wi^re double eagles, $1,495,000 engles, $165,000 
half eagles. $510,000 quarler eagles, and $lf4.000 dollar 
pit'ces : and the, value of silver deposits was $vi2.0S5, of 
which $o7.572 was silver extracted from California g'lld, and 
of the i-oinage $8,000 were dollar pieces, $S56.0no half dol- 
lors, $G9.nOn quarter dollars. $53,ii00 dimes, $51,500 half 
dimes, and $151,000 three cent pieces. Total deposits, 
$9, 107,72-2— coinage. $10,044,500. The custom-house at this 
place, when xjompleted, wlU be one of the moat expensive 
buildings in the Tnion, and a great ornament to the city. It 
is hiluate on (he Levee at the corner of Canal Street.' The 
bLulding M'ill also contain apartments for the U. S. Courts, 
and other accommodations for the general governraent. It 
■will be almost as large as the Capitol at WiLshington with 
the adflitions now being made. The material is to come 
from the celebralei! Qtiincy quarries. On the right and 
left of the cathedr.ll on the Place d'Armes are the district 
and city offices — one in the Tuscan and the otlier in the 
Doric style, and both two stories high. These accommodate 
the city council, the courts of the district and parish, the 
police, city guard, etc New Orleans was capital of the 
State until 1S49, in which year the State records were re- 
moved to Baton Rouge. The old State-house, formerly the 
Charity Hospital, is a good building, occupies a square be- 
tween Common and Canal streets, and consists of a main 
building and two jletached wings. 

New Orleans is niau'niflcent in its church buildings, 
though there are coniplainis tliat there is not sufficient ac- 
commodation for the large popul.ition it contains. Includ- 
ing chapels^ there are 19 Catholic planes of worship. The 
Cathedral of St. Louis, on the Place d'Armes, is a venerable 
and imposing structure. It was founded in 1792 by Don 
Audre on the condition that masses be offered every Satur- 
day evening for the repose of his soul, and the tolling of the 
belt at sunset on tliat day slill proclaims the observance of 
the custom. The Episcopalians, Presbyterians, Methodists, 
etc., have also churches. The Methodist church on the cor- 
ner of Poydras and Carondolet streets ie a splendid cojiy 
of the temple of Theseus, with a steeple 17u feet in height. 
The Second Presbyterian church in Lafayette Square, is also 
a handsome structure, and has a fine portico of Grceco-Doric 
architecture. The Episcopal churches, of which there are 
3, are substantial, without any distinguishing features. 

The newspaper press of New Orleans is world-renowned, 
and its issues are among the most talented in the Union. 
There are 9 daily newspapers, the " Crescent" (neut.), the 
"Delta" (dem.), the *' Picayune'' (whig), the "True Delta" 
(neut.), all of which also issue weekly editions, the " Bulletin" 
(whig), which has also a semi-weekly edition, the " Orlean- 
ean" (neut.), the "State Gazette" (dera.), the "Bee" (whig), 
and the " Courier" (dem.) The " Franco-American" is issued 
tri-weekly, and the "Prices Current" semi-weekly. The 
weeklies are "La Propagateur Catholique" (relig.), and 
"La Patria" (whig). De Bow's " Review of the Southern 
and 'Western Slates" (statistical), is published monthly. The 
last-named is one of the most useful and complete works of 
the kind in the Union, and ought to be in the library of 
every person wishing to keep up with the progress of the 
country. The " lie sources of the Southern and "West/rn 
States*' lately published by Professor De Bow, is also a work 
of great and lasting value, more exact and detailed in its 
subjects than any work hitherto issued from the American 
press, and has been of essential service in the compilation 
of this Gazetteer. 

The means provided for education are ample. Besides 
ttie public schools and academies, the city contains several 
collegiate establishments and literary institutions. The Uni- 
versity was founded in 1S49. The buildings consist of a 
central etliflce InO feet front and 104 feet deep', with two de- 
tached wings. The main building is occupied by the medi- 
cal department, and contains three large lecture-rooms, 
each of which will contain more than GOO persons, a large 
museum of anatomy, dissecting-rooms, etc., and the other 
&56 



buildings are appropriated to the academic, law, and other 
departments. There are 7 professors in ihe academic de- 
parlmvnt, 3 in the law department, anrl 7 in the medical 
department. There is also a chair of political economy, at 
piV'sent ably filled by Professor J. D. B. De Bow, head of the 
Census Bureau at Washington. The students in the medi- 
cal department ergoy clinics in the Charily Hospital, an insti- 
tution which surpasses all others in the United Stntea as a 
school of practical instruction. This hospital is situate oa 
Common Street, between St. Mary and Oirond streets, atid ia 
290 feet long, and three stories high. There are generally 
1,000 patients in the wards. In 1S51 Ihe whole number of 
patients admitted was ls,476, discharged 15,989, and died 
1,SS4, leaving 1,003. The surgical cases numbered about 
2,C0l); and about one-half the medical cases Were intermit- 
tent and remittent fevers— of the first 6,871 cases^ and of the 
latter 2.366 cases are reported. From the cupola of the 
building Ihe view is magnificent. This itiatilulion is the 
refuge alike of the citizen and stranger in limes of sickness, 
and is .attended chiefly by those exemplary women whose 
deeds of charily reflect so great an honor on the Catholic 
Church. 

New Orleans has nine cemeteries: the Protestant, the 
Catholic, Cypress Grove, the Odd Fellows', St. Vincent de 
Paul, St. Patrick's, Potter's Field, the Charity Hospital, and . 
Lafayette. These are all conspicuous apiiendagos of the 
city. The Catholic and Protestant cemeteries are unique in 
place and method of interment. Each is inclosed in a brick 
wall of arched cavities, or ovens, as they are here called, 
made just large enough to admit a single cofliii, and raised 
tier upon tier to the height of about 12 feet, with a thicltnesa 
of 10, The whole iuclosure is divided into plais. with gravel 
paths intersecting each other at right angles, and is densely 
covered with tombs huilt wholly above ground, and from 
one to three stories in height. This raeliiod of sepulchre is 
adopted from necessity, and burial underground is never 
attempted excepting in the Potter's Field, where the stranger 
without friends, and the poor without money find an uncer- 
tain rest, the water willi which the soil is always saturated 
often forcing the coffin and its contents out of its narrow 
and shallow cell, to rot with no other covering than the arch 
of heaven. The cemeteries here indeed look as if modeled 
after a growing city. The tombs have an air of freshness 
about them; the peculiarity of their structure, their close 
juxtaposition, filling plats like blocks of buildings, the wcU- 
graveled walks between, the walls about the whole, with 
their numerous receptacles of the deatl, rising story above 
story, almost persuade the visitor that he stands in the midst 
of a panorama of the great mart of commerce, the former 
inhabitants of which now inhabit these cities of the dead. 
The total number of burials in the several cemeteries in 
1849 was 9,862, of which 3,569 were of foreigners, 1,308 of 
the United Stales, of which number only 774 were natives 
of New Orleans, and 4,985 of birth nnknoAvn. These facta 
speak volumes — one half the deaths of persons without 
name or country ! and yet thousands press on to fill tlie void 
thus created, and in their turn to be numbered with the 
unknown dead. 

The hotels and theatres of New Orleans are also distin- 
guishing features of the city, and among its most splendid 
buildings the SL Charles Theatre, on iho east side of St. 
Charies Street, cost about $1^50,000, and is 132 feet long, by 
170 feet deep. The Orleans, or French Theatre, is also a 
large and expensive building, running from Orleans Street 
to St. Anne Street, and the performances are done in the 
French language. The American theatre, comer of Camp 
and Poydras streets, is 160 feet by 60, and cost about $I.SO,000. 
These three theatres will in the aggregate accommodate 
4,500 persons, and are nightly filled, often to sulfoealion. 
Among the hotels, Ihe principal are St. Chnrles', Exchange, 
City Exchange.Vcrandah, Orleans, and otlu-ra, almost equal 
in extent ana good accomniodalions. Somt- of these are not 
surpassed in beauty of structure, substantiality, and popular- 



NEW 



NEW 



Ity by any in the Union. The St. Charles' was destroyed by 
fire in 1S50, and is now being rebuilt on a more magnificent 
acalc than bef-re, at a eost eatinlaled at $000,000. As the 
majority of persons having business in the city reside there 
only temporarily, these are constantly erowdt^d with hoarders. 
The city is supplied with water from the Mississippi. Tlic 
water-^vorkSj wlilch l;)ehmg to the Commercial lianlc, cost 
about $725,000. The reservoir, into which (lie water is 
raised by a steam-engine, ia constructed on an artitieial 
mound, and ia '21 fed high at its base, with sides 250 feet 
in length, anil capable of containing nearly 10,000,000 gal- 
lons. The reservrjir has four compartments, and when the 
watt-r is cleared, it is distributed tlirough iron pipes to the 
city. Tlure is also an aqueduct built at the expense of the 
city, costing $120,000, which, by conducting water to cleanse 
Uie gutters, tends greatly to neutralize or wash away the 
fllili of flie streets, and'^o the promotion of general health 
in Ihe hot season. 

Kew Orleans, from its low situation, more than from its 
warm and moist climate, suffers periodically from the yel- 
low fever. No summer, indeed, passes over without the 
Tisitalion of this terrible malady, and it not unfrequently 
rages as an epidemic. In 1S41, '43, '47, this distemper was 
very fatal, while in 1S42, *44, '46, '4S, and '49, the number of 
cases were comparatively small, and in lS4o only one case 

I is reported, "in 1S47 the admissions into the Charity Hospi- 

tal, on account of yellow fever, numbered no less ihan 2,S11, 
and the admissions for intermittent and remittent fevers 
were commensurately great, having been nearly 4,000. 
These visitations have no doubt been the means of retard- 
ing Ihe growth of the city, but that the salubrity of the cli- 
mate is gradually being improved is certain, and when in a 

I few years the swamps in the neighborhood are tilled in. the 

location will be as healthy as that of any other southern 
port. During the winter and spring the climate is reputed 
healthy, aud thousands flock to the city from all quarters of 
the world— some for health, others for pleasure, and still 
mrire in connection with the immense business of all kinds 

j which is here transacted. 

Perhaps no city of the Union is so diversified in its popu- 
lation. The gunny isles of the Antilles, Mexico, Central 
America, and South America, France and Spain, and the 
other States of Europe, and the sister Slates northward, have 

I each representatives among the inhabitants. The colored 
races, however, preponderate, and slave or free make up one- 
half at least. Of the while races, the American, French, and 
Spanish conslitute tJie Jarger portion, and in these classes are 
found what may be denominated the aristocracy. The Irish 
here, as in other quarters, though forming a large class, are 
but the "hewers of wood and drawers of water" — the laborers 
and levee-men, respectable only on election day and among 
themselves. The English and Scotch are few in proportion, 
and are chiefly connected with the foreign commerce asmcr- 
chanls or factors, seldom remaining longer in the city than is 
necessary for the transaction of their particular business ; nor 
do the Germans form a large class. This admixture of races 
ia in some degree embarrassing ; so many languages, various 
customs and manners, and in habits so different, no thor- 
ough amalgamatiuu can take place ; and it is even necessary 
to support ncMspapers and periodicals of different lan- 
guages, each of which in its opinions and ideas is at vari- 
ance with the other. But this circumstance has also its 
advantages — it elicits much that is useful and cosmopolitan, 
tending to soften the asperity of nationalities, and to the fra- 
ternization of races. The vices and virtues of such a com- 
munity stand in bold relief, and Sunday bvdl-baiting, gaming, 
and balls, contrast harshly with the divine exercises appro- 
priate to that day of rest. 

The railroads diverging from New Orleans are as yet few 
In number, designed chiefly to facilitate the transit of goods 
by short routes to and from the adjacent shipping places. 
These arc the roads to Lake Pontchartrain, to Lake Rorgne, 
and to CarroUtoa on the Mississippi. The commercial men 



of the city, however, have determined upon Ihe prosecution 
of several impnrtant lines, which will secure to it a C'xn- 
merce which was fast lapsing to tlie Atlantic ports. The 
principal of these are the New Orleans, .Jai-kson, and North- 
ern K. K. ; the New i!>rleaiis,OpeloHsas, and Great Western 
E. K. ; the New Orleans and Nashville li. U. ; and a rail- 
road from Mobile, connecting wUh the navigation i»r Lake 
Pontchartraiu. which will supersede Ihe tedious navigation 
of the passes along the soulhern 8hi>re of Mississippi. Tho 
canals of New Tirleans have been opened with llie aamo 
design as that lutftUed by the exisling railroads 

Opposite to New Orleans, and connecting with it by a 
ferry, is the town of Algiers, the principal workshop of the 
city. Here are several extensive ship-yarda, and numerous 
artisans engaged in building and repairing vessels. At 
Macdonough, above and adjoining it, is the United States 
Marine Hospital, a splendid building, used for the purpose 
its name designates. Belleville lies helow and also adjoins 
Algiers, and has many fine residences. Many of the seats 
in the suburbs of the city are surnmnded with spacious 
gardens, splendidly ornamented with orange, lemon, mag- 
nolia, and other trees. 

The history of New Orleans in its early epochs is that of 
Ihe whole French settlements in Lower Louisiana. Tills 
will be found under its aji^)rnpriale caption. The city 
was founded in 1717, and named after the T)uc d'Or- 
leaus, then regent of France, but Ihe site was abandoned 
soon aller, and not settled again until IT'22. Soon after this 
it began lo prosper, and constant accessions were m,ide to 
tlie populatinn by the arrival of immigrants. By the trealy 
of 1703, New Orleans, with all Louisiana west of the Missis- 
sip])], was transferred to Spain by treaty. The population 
now numbered 3,190. The transfer greatly provoked the 
French inhabitants, and some oiiposition was made, but in 
Ihe end the Spanish laws were gradually introduced, and, 
by a beneficent administration, the city so flourished under 
the new government, that the population in 17S5 had in- 
creased to4,9S0 — a great movement in those days. In 1T92, 
Ihe city was divided into four wards, and its police greatly 
improved, and two years later the first newspaper was pub- 
lished. The country was prosperous at the commencement 
of the French Kevolution ; but in ISOl, Spain having fallen 
into the power of France, it was retroceded to that nation, 
and in 1803 was sold to the United States by the French. 
The population was now over 8,000. In 1^4, New Oricaus 
was made a port of entry, and in 1^05 was incorporated. 
Karly in 1S12 the first steamboat arrived from the Ohio! 
The war of 1312-15 now brokeout, and the British made a 
descent on the city, autl on the Sth of Jan., 1S15. the great- 
est battle of the war was fought — the result is kno«Ti to 
every schoolboy. The modern progress of the city now 
commenced; the settlement of the valley of tho Mississippi, 
and the consequent trade with the only port of its outlet, in- 
creased rapidly and proportionally. The increase is still 
giiing on, and will raise New Orieans to the first rank 
among commercial cities. It is now the great depOt of the 
export trade of the valley ; and when its railroads to the 
north are completed, much of the import trade now liaving 
its course from the northern Atlantic eoa.'^t will cerlainly 
make New Orieans its cntrcpat. The difficuli up-navigation , 
of the river, even by steamboal-s, has hitherto been the 
great drawback, but with this line of road. New Orleans will 
com[)cte successfully with New York, Boston, and Phila- 
deljihia for the golden fleece of the great west. 

Population in 1763, 3.190; in 17^5, 4,9S0; in 1S04, 8,000; 
in ISl", 17,242; in 1S20, 27,17S; in 1S30, 49,S2G: in 1S40, 
102,193 ; and in IS'iO, 119.461. The population of Lafayette 
in 1^0 was 3.207, and in 1S50, 14,190. 

New Oxfoi:i>, p<^st village, Adams county, Penii.: on 
the east side of Conewago creek, 27 miles south by west 
Ilarrisburg. 

New Palestftte, p. t., Clermont co., Ohio: on the Ohio 
r., 92 m. S. W. Columbus ; ia a email village of considerable 

657 



NEW 



business, particularly in Ihe manufacture of brick, which is 
mainly taken to Cincinnati „ , -nr 

Nh ' P.Li^, t. and p. v., Ulster CO., .V. Y. : TO m. S. by W. 
Albany, on the Wallkill. Surface hilly ; soil mosUy loanj 
ana fertile. The v. conUiiBS a flourishing acaJemy and 
8 Churches. Pop. of t. 2,729. 

New Palm LiNuiSG, p. o., Ulst" Co., A. 5..-^on W. 
bank of.llua3un r., opposite Poughkeepsie, 9 m. K Mew 
Paltz villaijce. w %. a 

New Paws, p. v., Preble county, Ohio: 80 m. W. by S. 
Columbus, on W. bank of Whitewater r., which affords good 

^NlTpE^'BEsnuRG, p. v.. Highland oo., Ohiu: on S. side 
Piii.t or 64 ra. S. S. \V JL'olunibus. 

NE.; Pmt..nEu.n,.,t o., P.ke CO., ^ : on Bay er., 
62 ni. W. I'y S. Springfield. , , m 

New PniEADEEPUiA, p. o.. Washington Co., ln<l. : on N. 
Bid'c of Great Blue r., SO m. S. by E. Indianapohs. _ 

New PmLiUEU'nii,p.v.,an.lcap Tuscarawas CO., Ohio: 
86 m E. N. E. Clumbus, on E. bank Tuscarawas r., oppo- 
site the mouth of Sugar cr. The v. is on a handsome pUun, 
and has eonsi.leral.le business. It contains the court-house 
and jail. Two newspapers are published weekly, "Tusca- 
raw;« Advocate" (whig), and "Ohio Democrat" (de.n.) 

^New Pitisecrg, p. v., Wayne co., Ohio: on E. side of 

Mu.ldy fork of Walho.ding r., U m. N. E. by N. Columbus. 

New Plimooiu, p. o., Vinton co., Ohio : 67 m. S. E. by S. 

Columbus. „.,,,■■„ „r 

New Point Comfoet, Tirg.: tbe S. E. extremity of 
Matthews co., betvveen Chesapeake and Mob Jack bays. 

NEwroET county, 7?. I. Consisting of several islands in 
NMragansett Bay, with a portion of the mainland, contain- 
ing in the whole an area of 130 sq. m. P.hode Island, con- 
tahiiiig 37i sq. m., forma the most important portion of the 
county. Surface uneven; soil fertile, and produces. good 
crops of grain, etc., and affords fine pasturage for oaltle. 
The other chief insular portions of the county are I rovi- 
dence Canonicut, and Block islands. Chief productions 
■ftheat, Indian corn, and polatoes. The advantages con- 
nected with navigation are considerable, and fishing is 
much followed by the inhabitants. Fossil coal is foun.l m 
this cnuntv. Farms 1.027 ; manuf. 65 ; dwell. 2,936. and pop. 
-wh 19 8U, fr. col. 606-total 2l1,0l>7. OljMll : Newport. 
Newport, p. v., New Castle county, Z>,'.: on N. side of 
Christiana cr., 3S m. N. Dover. The Phdadelphia, Wil- 
min-ton. and Baltimore E. Pv. passes through the T., 83 m. 
froin Philadelphia, 66 m. from Baltimore. 

Newport, p. v., and cap. Wakulla county, FloK : on St 
M^rk" r. 16 m. E. 8. E. Tallah^ee. The "Wakulla 
Times" is published weekly. 

Newport p. v., and cap. Vermillion eo., Ind.: on S. 
bank of Little Vermillion r., 2 m. above its junction will, 
UiO Wabash r., 65 ra. W. by N. Indianapohs. H contains a 
court-house, jail, several stores, and is surrounded by a very 

'"ne^."o"« p. v., and cap. Campbell co.. Ky.: on 3hio r., 
a,»ve the";;,Lio;i of Licking r., 63 m. N. N. E. Franklor. 
II is situated on an elevated plain c<.nmiand,ng a flm- uew 
if Cincinnati directly opposite, wilh which e, y .here ^ 
• steam ferry connection. Here is a garrison of L. b arm/, 
sevTral factories and churches. The "Newport and Cov- 
ington News" is published daily. Pop. 5,595. 

Newport, t and p. v., Penobscot county, ife.. 4S m. 
N E. byN AngustJt- Pop. 1,212. 

Newport, p. v., Charles co., .1M. ; on stfeam of Aliens 
Fr«C 14 ml S. E. Port Tobacco. 43 m. S. by W. Annapolis. 
Newpoht. p. v.. Franklin eo., ih.: S. side Missouri r., 
64 m. E. Jefferson City. 

Newport p. v., Monroe Co., Mich.: on an estuary of 
Lake Erie, the mouth of Swan cr., SI m. S. E. Lansuig. 

Newport, p. v., St. Clair co.. .Wch. : on St. Clair r at 
mouth of Belle r., 103 m. E. by S. Lansing; is well situated, 
6£S 



NEW 

and has a very large business in sawing and exporting pU>8 
timber, which abounds in this section. 

Newport, t, p. v., and cap. Sullivan co.. -V. namp.: 
34 mW N.W. Concord. Drained by Sugar r. and brancbra. 
Surface uneven ; soil fertile on the streams. The E. and S. 
branches of Sugar r. unite near Ihe v. and afford wate.^ 
power to several mills. The " N. 11. Argus and Siicctator' 
(dem.) is published weekly. Pop. 2,020. 

NEWPORT, t. and p. v., Uerkimcr county, A. ).: .6 in. 
N W by W. Albanv, on West Canada cr. Surface of t 
hilly -soil sandy an.! calcareous loam. The v. has some 
manufactures, and is a thriving place. Pop. of t. 2,126. 

Newport, p. v., Cumberland Co.. -V. Jer. : Oo m. S. S. W. 
Trenton, on Nautuxct cr., 5 m. above its mouth. 

Newport, t. and p. v., Washington co., Ohio: on Ohior., 
12 m. E. MarietLt. 100 ra. E. S. E, Columbus. Surface of L 
level: soil alluvial. Pop. 1,427. The v. I's finely situated, 
and is a thriving place. Pop. of 1 1.427. 

Newport, p. v. and sla.. Perry co., Pmn.: on W. sido 
of Juniata r., above Ihe confluence of Little Buffalo cr..M m. 
N. W. Ilarrisburg. The Pennsylvania K. E. and Pennsyl- 
vania Canal pass through this village. There is a blast 
furnace at Newport, 3 m. distant _ 

Newport, p. v., and cap. Cocke CO., Tmn. : on S. side 
French Broad r., 204 m. E. by S. NashviUe. 

Newport, t, p. v., port of f^ntry, and ca«.. Newport eo., 
7? /.. and one of the capitals of the State : on S. W. side of 
Ithode Island, 6 m. from the ocean, 24 m. S. by E. Provi- 
dence, 70 m. S. by W. Boston. Lat. 410 29 N., long. 
710 19' 12" W. from Greenwich, and 50 42' 4S E. from 
Washington. Tlie t. is in form an irregular !»_-mi-circle, as 
aho is the harbor upon which the v. is situated. Surface 
undulating, presenting variety of scenery: soil very fcrtde. 
The harbor is one of the best in the U. S,, and celebrated 
for its beauty. It is very accessible, spacious, safe, and deep 
enough for the largest vessels-defended by forts Adams and 
Wolcolt.which are garrisone.l by companies of FT. S. arldlciT. 
The former is very large, of great streiigtli, and was built 
at great expense. A U. 8. naval officer is stationed here. 
The V occupies a beautiful aeelivily, which rises gradually 
from tlie harbor, presenting a beautiful appearance. It was 
settled ill 163s, grew rapidly, and was very flounshing until 
the Ilevolutionarv War, at which lime its populabou was 
about 10,0011. During the war it was chiefly held by the 
British and at its close the population was about 5,500. It 
then somewhat revived for a time, tmtil the embargo pre- 
ceding 1812 ; but subsequently its trade was much diverled 
to Providence and other places. Many of the inhabitauts 
are engaged in the coasting trade and flslierics. Some largo 
cotloii'°and woolen factories have been established. The 
principal public buildinzs consist of the State-house, market- 
house, cuslom-house, and Redwood Library and Athcneum, 
containing 4,000 vols. Besi.lcs 12 churches there is a Jews 
synagogue, now unused but kept in fine repair by avails of 
a legacv. There is also 1 savings' bank, 7 banks, with a 
capital of $0SO,flOO. The total valuation of property in New- 
port in ISoO, was $4,720,460, tax assessed. »16,577. By the 
Fall P.iver line of steamboats it has daily cominumcation 
with New York ; a steamboat also plies daily to Pmvi.lenee. 
Projects of connecting Newport by raUroad wilh Fall River, 
Bri«lol, and I>rovidence, are in agitation. Two newspapcra 
are p.lblished daily, "News" (whig), and "Adveruser 
(whig) : 3 weeklv, " Newport Mercury" iwliig). eslabhshed 
in 1768, "Herald and Rhode Islander" (whig), and • Ad- 
vertistr" (whig). Om.m«w.-on the SOih .Tune, 1S50, the 
loUil tonnage of Newport district was 10,679 Ions : registered 
6.615. enrolled and licensed 4,9*4. Of registered tonnage 
4 "79 tons were permanent, 1.365 were lemporary, and l.ol( 
ton, were in the whale fishery. Of the enrolled and hcen- 
s-d tonnage, 4,560 tons were permanent, 4,112 in the coast- 
\n<r ira.le. 2.'.0 were propelled by steam. 320 in maclterel 
flsTierv, and 327 tons in cod fishery. During the year pre- 
1 viou8,"llie number of clearances for foreign countries was 



NEW 



NEW 



17 — 2.752 tons; number of entrances do., 17 — i.GO'i ions; 1 
schooner buiU. 96 ions. During the calen-lar yenr I>4fl. 
3,055 barrels of sperm oil were brought into this port. New- 
port has li'D^ been a very favorite fashionable summer re- 
8orL It is attractive ijeeause of its beautiful scenery, cool 
and salubrious sea breezes, fashionai)le company, larfie and 
WfU-k'pt hotels, opportunities for fishing, bathing, ele. In 
the viciiiily of Newport is a curious mominient of anli(iaity 
—the I tU\ Tower, or Old Slone Mill, of which tlie age and 
origin are unktiown. and have been the subject of much 
learned discussion. Pop. oft. in 1S30, S,010; in 1S4U, S,:i3:J; 
in ls50. 9 5G:J. 

Nkw POUT, t. and p. o., Orleans co., V'fnn. : 50 m. N. by E. 
Montpi-lier. Bounded on N. E. by Lake Memphremagog. 
Pop. T4S. 

Newport, p. v., Giles co., Vf'rg.: ou S. bank of creek of 
New r.. ITO ra. W. by S. Kichmond. 

Nkwp<.irt, p. o.. Lake county, 77/. .' about 2 m. E. of Des 
Piaines r.. 20S m. N". N. E. Springfield. 

New Portage, p. v., Summit co., Ohio: 100 ra. N. E. 
Colutnbus, on the line of Akron Branch K. E., and on E. 
bank of Wolf creek. 

Nkwpokt Centhe. p. 0., Luzerne counly, Petm. : 7S m. 
N. E. by N. Harrisburg. 

New Portland, t. and p. o., Somerset co., 3ff. : 45 m. 
N. N. W. Augusta. Drained by Seven Mile brook and its 
branches. Soil fertile and adapted to grain. Population 
1,460. 

New Portland, p. v., Ralls co.. Mo. : on N. side of Salt 
river, 70 m. N. by E. JetTerson City. 

New Portland, Stewart co., Teim. : 63 m. W. N. "W. 
Nashville. 

Newt ORTSVTLLE, p. v., Bucks co., Penn. : on N. E. siile 
of "Neshaming creek, at the head of navigation, about 3 m. 
from lis mouth, 103 m. E. Harrisburg. 

New Pkeston, p. v., Litchfield co.. Conn. : 37 m.W. byS. 
IXart/ord, 36 m. N. "W'. New Haven, on AV. side of E. Aspe- 
tuck r., 1 m. S. Kaumaug lake. 

Nbw Prikceton, p. v., Coshocton county, Ohio: 60 m. 
E. N. E. Columbus. 

New Pieuspect. p. o., Orange county, Tnd. : on 9. side of 
Lick cr.. So m. S. by "W, Indianapolis. 

New Prospect, p. v., Greene co., A!<i,: 89 m. "W. N. W. 
Montgomery. 

New Prospect, p. o., Winston co., Jfiss.: S7 m. N. E. 
Jackson. 

New Peospect, p. v.. Bergen co., 2^. Jer.: on Hohokus 
creok, 63 m. N. E. by N. Trenton. The v. is finely situated 
on elevated ground. Considerable water-power is afforded 
by the creek, and is improved by several paper and grist 
mills, etc. 

New Prospect, p. o., "Wayne co., Ohio: on Chippewa r., 
87 m. N. E. by N, Columbus. 

New PitospECT, p. v., Spartanburg dlst., *y. Car.: 98 m. 
N. W. by N. Columbia. 

New Providence, t and p. v., Essex co., 27. Jer. : on E. 
Bide of Passaic r., 37 m. N. E. by N. Trenton. Surface of t. 
hilly; soil sandy loam. Drained by Pas.saic r. Pop. of t, 
1.216. The Morris and Essex R. K. passes through ihe N. 
part, at Summit sta. 

New Providence, p. o., Lancaster co., Penn.: 41 ra. 
E. S. E. Harrisburg. 

New pR<jTinE>CE, p. v. and sta., Clark co., Jnd. : ^7 m. 
S. by E. Indianapolis, 19 m. by railroad from New Albany, 
on the New AMtnny and Salcra K. R. Drained by the 
Muddy Pork of Silver creek. 

New Providence, p. v.. Montgomery CO., Tfenn. ; 47 m. 
H.W.Nashville. 

New Kktreat, p. o., Washington county, Ind. : SO m. S. 
Indianapolis. 

New Richland, p. v. and sta.. Logan co,, Ohio: 52 ni. 
N. W. by W. Columbus ; station on Mad River and Lake 
Erie R. R. 



New Ricumond, p. v., Clermont co., Ohio: 95 m. S. W. 
Columbus, on <.Hiin r., near Muddy <t. ; is very flourishing. 

New HicnMosD, p. o., Crawford counly, Pemi.: 187 m. 
N. W. by W. Harrisburg. 

New Richmond, p. v., Montgomery counly, Tnd. : 50 m. 
N. W. Indianapolis. 

New River, p. v., Columbia co., F'tor. : on New river, a 
branch of Santa Fe r., 127 ni. E. by S. Tallahassee. 

New River, p. o., .Ascension par., L<i. : E. side Mississippi 
r., IS m. S. S. E. Balon Rouge. 

New river. Ascension par., L^. : rises near Ilio Missis-iippi 
river, flows E., parallel to Amitie r., into Lake Maurepas. 

New rivrr. Onslnw co.. X. C<ir.: nsi-s in N. W. part of 
the CO., flows through it centrally toward the cnast, and 
empties into New river inlet. 

New river, Beaufort dist., S. Car. : rises near the centra 
of the dist., and flows S. S. W., parallel to Savannah river 
emptying into Calibogue Sound. 

New river, Virg. : rb*es in N. part of N. Car. : its general 
course is N. N. W., through the. S. W. portion of Hrj?., 
nntil it receives Gauley river, after which it is called Great 
Kanawha river, and flows N. W. to its confluence with the 
Ohio river. 

New River Inlet, Onslow co., N. Car. : 57 m. W. by S 
Cape Lookout. 

New Road, p. o., Delaware co., N. Y. : 81 m. W. S. "W. 
Albany. 

New Rochelle, t.. p. v., and sta., Westchester co., 27. Y. : 
184 m. S. Albany. Surface oft. undulating; soil, clay loam, 
and well cultivate'I ; watered on Ihe S. side by Long Island 
Sound. The v. is a station of the New York and New 
Haven R. P., 20 m. from New York, with which it has also 
constant steamboat connection. It is handsomely situated, 
overl'ioking L. I. Sound, and is a f:isliinn:ible resort in Iho 
suintner months. It contains several churches, three good 
academies, and a few factories. Pop. oft. 2.45S. 

New Kociiestee, p. v., "Wood co., Ohio: 93 m. N. by W. 
Columbus, on Portage river. 

New Roe, p. v., Allen county, X//.: 120 ni. S. S. W. 
Frankfort, 

New Ross. p. o., Montgomery co., In'K ; on S. bank of 
Sugar cr. of Rock r., 35 m. W. N. W. Imlianapolis. 

New Rusiley, p. v., Harrison co., Ohio : luo m. E. N. E 
Columbus. 

New Russia, p. o., Essex county, .\' Y. : 110 m. N. 
Albany. 

Newry, p. o., Jackson co., Ind.: on E. side of Vernou 
Fork. 63 m. S. by E. Indianapolis. 

Newhy, t. and p. o., Oxford co., J/*'..* on N. side of An- 
droscoggin r., 51 ra. W. by N. Augusta, Drained also by 
Bear brook, and another cr., which .afford water-power. 
Population 459. 

Newrv, p. v., Blairco.jA'^m. ; &3 m. W. by N. Harrisburg. 
Poi)Iar r., a tributary of the Frankfort branch of Juniata r., 
pasties near Uie village. 

News, p. o., Calhoun co., III.: 73 m. S. W. Springfield. 

New Salem, p.o., Rush co., Ind. ; 40 m. E. S. E. Indian- 
apolis. 

New Salem, p. o., Rusk cfl., Tex.: 22S m. N. E. Austin City. 

New Salem, t and p. v., Franklin county. Mast*.: 67 ra. 
W. by N. Boston. Drained by Miller's r. ami an afflu<-ntof 
it, and a branch of Middle r. ; surface elevated, and a part 
nunint.Tinous: soils fertile, and adapted to grazing. The L 
contains 2 handsome villages, several store3,-and a few fao 
torieg. Pop. 1.253. 

New Salem, p. o., Albany counly, K. Y. : 14 m. W. by B. 
Albany. 

New Salem, p. v., Randolph co., K. Car.: 6S m. W. 
Raleigh. 

New Sai.km, t. and p. v.. Fairfield count)', Ohio: 23 m. 
E. by S. Columbus. Pi'p. 210. 

New Salem, p. o., Pike county, III.: 73 m. W. by 3. 
Springfield. 

55D 



NEW 



NEW 



New Salem, p. v., Fayette co., Penn. : 154 m. W. by S. 
Harrisburg. 

New Salem, p, o.. Harrison co., Yli'g. : on the line of the 
North W«.'slfrn (Va.) R. R., 2n7 m. N. "W. Kichinond. 

New Salisbury, p. v., Harrison co., Ind. : oo N, Bide of 
Indian or., 100 m. S. Indianapolis. 

New Scotland, t and p. o., Albany county, K. Y.:^m. 
W. by S. Albany. Surface hilly; drained by NormanskilL 
Pop. 3,459. 

New Sharon, t and p. o., Franklin co., 3re. : on E. side 
of Sandy r., 23 m. N. N. W.^uffusta. Pop. 1,T32. 

New Sharon, p. o., Monmouth co., Jf. Jer, : 24 m. E. 
Trenlon. 

New SiTETFrELT). p, v., Beaver co., Penn. : 173 m. W. by N. 
Harrisbnra;, on a tributary of the Ohio river. 

New SnoBEHAM, U and p. o., Newport co., 7?. 7. ; 13 m. 
B. 8. W. Point Judith ; 15 m. N. N. E. Mnntauk Point, L. I. 
The t comprises Block Island, 8 m. lon^, and 2 to 4 m. 
broad. Surface uneven; soil sandy and gravelly loam. 
The inhabitants are mostly fishermen. Peat is used as fuel. 
Pop. 1.262. 

New Smtbna, p. t., Orange co., J^lor. : on Mosquito in- 
let, 229 m. E. S. E. by S. Tallahassee, is a U. S. mUitary 
post It has an improving commerce. 

New So.nlerset, p. v., Jeffersgu co., Ohio: 12S m. E. N. E. 
Columbus. 

Newsom, p. 0., Bibb co., Ga. : 35 m. S.W. Milledgeville. 

Newsom's nEPfix, p. o, and sta., Southampton co., Virg. : 
70 m. 8. by E. Richmond, on the Sea-board and Eoanoke 
E. R., 50 ra. from Portsmouth, 30 m. from Weldnn. 

New Springfield, p. v., Mahoning co., Ohio: 138 m. 
N. E. by E. Columbus. 

New Stanton, p. v.,Westmoreland co., Penn. : 141 m. W. 
Harrisburg, 

Newsteao, t. and p. o., Erie co., N". T. : on S. side of 
Tonawanda cr.. 255 m. "W. by N. Albany. Pop. 2,S99. 

Newstead, p. 0., Christian county, Kij. : 168 m. S. W. 
Frankfort. 

New Store, p. o., Buckingham co., Virg.: 65 m.W.by S. 
Eichmond. 

New Spffolk, port. Suffolk co., A^ Y. : this small port, in 
Boulhold t., fronts on the N. E. portitm of Great Peconic 
Bay. Its tonnage is chit-fly employed in the fisliories. On 
Januar>' 1st, 1S50, it had 2'2T tons in the wh.ale fishery, and 
during 1S49 it received 242 barrels of sperm oil, 314 barrels 
of whale oil, and 1,200 pounds of whalebone. 

New Sweden, p. v.. Clinton co., 27: Y.: on N. Bide of 
Sable r, 123 m. N. Albany. 

Newton county, Arl: Situate N. toward the "W.. and 
contains T33 sq. m. Drained by Buffalo fork of ■\\'hite r. 
and other streams. Surftice varied ; in the S. being hilly and 
broken, the residue generally level. Soil ferlile, and well 
adapted to corn. Galena and other ores abound in this re- 
gion. Farms 230: raamif 0; dwell. 2SS, and pop.— wh. 
1,7114, fr. col. 7, si. 47— toUil 1,75S. Copittd: Jasper. 

Newton county, Git. Situate N. centrally, and contains 
414»q. m. Drained by Alcopahatchee and Tellow rivers, 
tributaries rif Ocmulgee r. Surface undulating, and soil fer- 
tile and very productive. Cotton is the staple, bat wheat 
and corn are raised in considerable quantities. Agriculture 
Is much attended to by a large portion of the population. 
Timber is abundant Farms 612; manuf. 23; dwell. 1,374, 
and pop.— wh. 8,079, fr. col. 30, si. 5,1S7— total 13,296. Cap- 
ital: Covington. Puhlic Works: Georgia U. E. 

Newton county. Miss. Situate E. middle, and contains 
576 sq. m. Drained by head branclu?s of Chickasawha r., 
and branches of Tuscalameta cr. Surface even ; soil fer- 
lile, and generally productive; it is well adapted to cotton, 
which is the staple. Farms 8.10 : manuf. ; dwell. 586, and 
pop.— wli. 8,432, fr. col. 1, si. 1,0.32— totil 4,465. CapiUil : 
Dec'atur. PnUic Wori:^ ; Mobile and Ohio R. E. ; Alabama 
and Mississippi R. R. 

Newton county, Mo. Situate 8. "W., and contains 689 
060 



; sq. ra. Drained by Neh-h;di r. and other streams, all trib- 

\ utariesof Neosho r. Surface level ; soil fertile, and adapted 

to gr:un. There is much good timber on the laud. Farms 

293; manuf. 11 ; dwell. 053, and pop.— wh. 4,013, fr. col. 14, 

8l. 241— total 4,268. Capital: Neosho. 

Newton county, Tex. Situate E., and contains 1,196 
sq. m. Drained by branches of Sabine r., which forma its 
E. boundary. Surrace varied, in the N. being hilly, but in 
the S. undulating; the land, in general, is thickly wooded. 
Soil a black mold, with saud intermixed, and generally fer- 
■tile, producing good crops of cotton, sugar, corn, wheat, etc 
II has some fine timber land, and contains many streams, 
of pure water. PetriJled trunks of trees are found in the 
northern part, which are so hard that they are used in many 
eases as flints. Farms 111 ; manuf. 5; dwell. 219, ajid pop. 
— wh. 1,255. fr. col. 8, si. 426— total 1,GS9. Capital : Burk&- 
Tille. 

Newton, p. v., and cap. Dale co., Ala. : on S. side of 
Choctawhatchee r., S4 m. E. S. E. Montgomery; conlaina 
the court-house and several stores. 

Newton, p. v., and cap. Baker co., Ga, : on W. side of 
Flint r., 143 m. S. S. W. Milledgeville; contains the court- 
house and several stores. 

Newton. p.M., and cap. Jasper co., Itl.: on S. "W. side 
of Embarras r., 94 m. S. E. Springfield. It contains the 
court-house and several stores, and is the central business r. 
of the county. Pop. 1,134. 

Newton, t, p. v., and sta., Middlesex co., Mass. : 9 m-W, 
Boston. X>rained by Charles r. and affluents; surface va- 
ried ; soil fertile and highly cultivated. Charles r. bounds 
the t on the N.W. and S., having two falls, at each of which 
is a V. containing manufactories. At the Upper Falls the r. 
descends 35 feet in half a mile. At the Loyer Falls the v. 
lies partly in the t of Needham. The Boston and Worces- 
ter R. R. passes through, it The Newton Theological Sem- 
inary (Bapt.) was founded in 1S25 ; the biulding — at Newton 
Centre — is a brick edifice, 85 feet long, 49 wide, and 3 stories 
high. Pop. 5,258. 

Newton, t and p. o., Calhoun co., Mieh.: 45 m. 8. W. 
Lansing. Drained by branch of St Joseph's river. Pop- 
ulation 5G9. 

Newton, p. t., and oap. Jasper co., la. : 79 m. W. Iowa 
City, is a beautiful and flourishing town, on a prairie bfr 
twecn the branches of Skunk river. 

Ne^vton, t, p. o., and sta., Rockingham co., 2T. Hamp.T 
34 m. S. E. Concord. The Boston and Maine K. E. passes 
through the t 41 m. from Boston. Pop. 5S5. 

Newton, t, p. v., and cap. Sussex co., A^. Jer. : 55 ra. N. 
Trenton. Surface of t diversified ; drained by the Faulin's- 
kill. The V, is well situated and laid out, and contains, be- 
sides the court-house and jail, several churches and schools. 
Two newspaper? are published weekly : " Sussex Register" 
(whig'), and " New Jersey Herald" (dem.) There is 1 bank, 
capital $134,480. Pop. of t 3,279. 

Newton, p. v., and cap. Catawba CO., iK Car.: neaf 
South Catawba r., 138 m. W. Raleigh. 

Newton, t. and p. o., Muskingum county, Ohio: 48 m. 
E. by S. Columbus. Surface of t undulating ; soil good ; 
well watered by numerous creeks of Muskingum river. 
Pop. 2,3.')6. 

Newton Centre, p. v., Middlesex co., Mass. : T m. "W. 
Boston, on the Boston and "Worcester E. E. This v. con- 
tains the Newton Theological Seminary, the mansion-house 
for the students, and dwellings of the professors, besides 
many pleasant residences. 

Newton Corners, p. o., Jefferson co.. Wise: 32 m. R 
Madison. 

Ni:wT0N Factoet, p. o., Newton co., Ga. : 69 m. N. W. 
Milledgeville. 

Newtun Falls, p. o., Trumbull co., Ohio: 1^2 m. N. E. 
Columbus, on Penns;lvania and Ohio Canal, at junction of 
the two branches of Mahoning river, which afford extensive 
water-power to several mills and factories. 



NEW 



NEW 



Newton' Geove, p. o., Sampson co., y. Cay*. : 54 m. 
8. S. E. Kaleigh. 

Newton Lower Falls, p. v. and sta., Middlesex county, 
Mass.: on Charles r., 11 m. W. Boston. A branch of the 
Boston and "Worcester R. K. extends to the village. 

Newton Stewart, p. o., Orange CO., /«</. : on S. bank 
of Paloka er., 9.^ m. S. by W. Indianapohs. 

Newtonsville, p. o., Clermont county, Ohio : S5 m. S. W. 
Columbus. 

Newtonsville, p. o,, Attala county, Miss. : 63 m. N. N. E. 
Jackson. 

Newton Upper Falls, j». v. and sta., Middlesex county, 
Mm$. : on Charles r., 9 m. W. S. "W. Boston. The full of 
the river is 35 feet, used by extensive manufactories. The 
Charles River Branch E. R. extends' to this v. from West 
Newton. 

New Topsail Inlet, y.Car. : IS m. N. E. "Wilminjiton. 

Newthwn, t,, p. b., and sta., Fairfield co., Coim. : 41 m. 
B. W. llartTord, 23 m. W. N. W. New Haven, on the 
Honsalonic R. R., 19 m. from Bridgeport. Surface of t. 
hilly; soil gravelly loam, fertile, adapted to grain and fruit. 
Drained l>y the Potatuck and other creeks of Housalonic r., 
and contains several factories, mills, and churches. The 
borough is beautifully situated on high ground. Fop. 
of t. 3,^S. 

Newtown, p. v., Fountain co., Ind. : on Coal or., 60 ra. 
W. N. W. Itidianapnii.'*. 

NBWT<nvN-, p. v., Scott CO., Kp. : 24 m. E. by N. Frankfort. 

Nbwtown, p. v., Worcester co., Mil. : on "W. side of br. of 
Pocomoke r., 5 m. N. "W. Snow Hill, 76 m. S. E. Annapolis. 

Newtown, p. v., Hinds co., Mivs. : on "W. side of Pearl r., 
9 m. S. S. W. Jackson, on line of New Orleans, Jackson and 
Northern U. R. 

Newtown, t. and p. v., Queen's county, iV! K The t. is 
bounded on N. side by East r., and is also drained by 
Newtown or. Surface uf t. various; soil sand and clay 
loam, fertile, and adapted to fruit. Horticulture and agri- 
culture are the chief occupations of the inhabitants. 
Pop. of t ".'20S 

Newtown, p. v., namilton co., Ohio: on E. side LilUe 
Miami r., 90 m. S W. Columbus. 

Newtown, t. and p. b., Bucks county, Perm. : 99 m. E. 
Harrisburg. Drained by Newlo^vTi er., which affords hy- 
draulic power. Surface even, soil fertile clay loam, well 
cultivated. The b. is on the cr., and contains several stores 
and factories, and is a considerable place. 

Newtown, p. v., King and Queen county, Tirg. : '29 m. 
N. N. E. Richmond. 

Newti.wn creek, X. Y.: rises in Newtown. Queen's co., 
flows W. and enters East river, opposite New York. 

Newtown creek, Chemung co., N. Y. : a small stream, 
affording mill-sites, rising in t. of Erin, and entering 
Chemung r. near Elmira. 

Newtown Hamilton, p. o., Mifflin county, Paui. : 47 m. 
N. "W. Harrisburg. 

Newtown SqtjarEj p. v., Delaware co., Pcniu : "S m. 
E. S. E. Harrisburg. 

Newtown STEPnENSBUBO, p. t., Frederick co., Tirg.: 
112 m. N. N. W. Richmond. Pop. 400. 

New Trenton, p. v., Franklin co., Ind. : on "Whitewater 
r. and canal, 20 m. N. Lawrcnceburg, 70 m. E. S. E. 
Indianapolis. 



New Triep., p. o.. Cook co,, P!.: 1(>4 m. N. E. by N. 
Springfield. 

New Tripoli, p. v., Lehigh co., Perui. : on a branch of 
Maiden cr., 64 ro. N. E. by E. Harrisburg. 

New Utrecut, l. and p. o.. King's county, Al 1'. : 6 m. 
S. Brooklyn, 140 m. S. Albany; is a fiishinnable resort 
dm'ing the summer months. Pop. 2,129. 

New Vernon, p. v., Morris co., X. Ji:r, : 40 m. N. N. E. 
Trenton. 

New Vernon, p. o., Orange co., 2^. Y. : 92 ra. S. S. W 
Albany. 

New Vernon, p. o., Mercer co., Peim. : 196 ra. W. N. W 
Harrisburg. 

New Vienna, p. o., Clinton county, Ohio: 50 m. S. W. 
Columbus. 

New Vienna, p. v., Dubuque co., Ja. : 62 m. N. N. E. 
Iowa City. 

Nbw Village, p. v., Warren county, 2^^. J^r. : 41 m. 
N. "W. by N. Trenton. 

New Village, p. o., Suffolk co., N. Y. : 100 m. S. S. E. 
Albany. 

Nkwville, p. v., De Kalb county, ]iid. : 103 m. N. N. E. 
Indianapolis. 

Newville, p. o., Herkimer co., N. Y. : 76 m. N. W. by W, 
Albany. 

Nbwttlle. p. v., Richland co., Ohio: 54 m. N. E. by N. 
Columbus, on N. bank of Clear Fork r., which affords 
water-power to several mills .ind factories. 

Newville, p. b. and sta., Cumberland co., Penn. : on S. 
side of Conedogwinit cr., 27 m. W. by S. Harrisburg. The 
Cumberland Valley R. R. passes through the b., 34 m. from 
Harrisburg. 

Newville, p. v., Sussex county, Virg. : 40 ra. S. S. E. 
Richmond. 

Nbw Vine, p. v., Dubuque co., la. : on E. side of Fall r., 
63 m. N. N. E. Iowa City. 

New Vineyard, t. and p. o., Franklin co.. 3ft'. : 88 m. 
N. N. W. Augusta. Drained by a branch of Seven Mile 
brook. Pop. 635. 

New Wakefield, p. v., "Washington co., Ahi.: 124 m. 
S. "W. Montgomery. 

New "Washington, p. v., Clark co., Ind. : on E. side of 
Fourteen Mile cr., 90 m. S. S. E. Indianapolis. 

New "Washington, p. o., Clearfield co., Penn. : on "W. 
side of W. branch of Susquehanna ri\er, at the junction of 
Cash r., 107 m. W. N. "W. Harrisburg. 

New Washington, p. o., Crawford co., Ohio: 56 m. N 
Columbus. 

New Westville, p. o., Preble co., Ohio: 90 in. W. by 3. 
Columbus. 

New "WniTEUALL, Lehigh co., Penn.: the location of a 
blast furnace, 7U m. E. N. E. Harrisburg. 

New Wilmington, t. and p. o., Lawrence co., Ptnn. : on 
a branch of Neshanock cr., 187 m. W. N. W. Harrisburg. 

New Wincuestee, p. v., Hendricks co., Ind. : 27 m. "W. 
Indianapolis. 

New Winchestek, p. v., Crawford co., Ohio: on E. side 
of W. branch of Whetstone r., 51 m. N. Columbus. 

New Windsor, p. v., Carroll co., M'L: 6 m. S. W. Westr 
minster, 50 m. N. "W. Annapolis. 

New "Woodstock, p. v., Ma<lison county. A' Y.: 112 m. 
"W. by N. Albany ; has a few mills. 



THE STATE OE NEW YORK. 

New Yobk, the most flourishing, wealthy, and populous State of the Union, is situated between 89° 45' and 45° hili- 
tudes N., nnd betneen ~\o 5G' and 790 55' longitudes W. from Greenwicli. or 5° 06' E„ and 2^ 53' "W. from Washington. 
It is hounded on the north by Lake Ontario, the River St. Lawreiic«\ and Lower Canada; on the east by Lake Cham- 
plain. Vermont, Massachusetts, and Connecticut; on the south by the Atlantic Ocean, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania; 
on thf we>it by Pennsylvania, Lake Erie, ami the Niagara River. Exclusive of Long Island, it is about 40S miles long, 
but including that island, about 4S0 miles, and its breadth from iiortli to south is about 310 miles— the whole including a 
BUp>rflcial area of 46.0S5 square miles. 

The Hudson and Mohawk rivers naturally divide Uie State into three neographical sections of unequal size. The first, 

3G 561 



NEW YORK. 



or eastern acction, comprisL-s L'»nf; Island, Slaton I.-^Ianci, and that portion of the State lying east of the Hudson lliver and 
Lake Gecprgii ; the setjimd, or n')r[hern section, embraces all the country lying north of the Mohawk and Oswego rivers ; 
and tha.M'/-</, or southern section, the vast fertile tract lying south and west of those rivers. 

Tlu- Slate forms a portion of the elevated table-land of the United Stales, broken in some places by mountain ranges, 
and confining some remarkable depressions which form the basins of lakes and channels of rivers. The loftiest part 
of this lable-land occurs in the western part of the Slatx", where Lake Chautauque is from 1,800 to 2.000 feet above the 
level of ths sea; and although it is but nine miles from Lake Erie, it discharges its waters by the Alleghany an<J, Ohio into 
the Mississippi, and thus affords boat navigation to the Gulf of Mexico. Franklinville and Angelica, to the east, although 
fiituate<l in valleys, are respectively 1,530 and 1.430 feet above the sea. 

In the eastern section the Taghkannuc or Taconic Mountjiins lie upon the border of the State from Lake Ch.implain 
southward to Putnam County, at which point iht-ir cnurse, diverging to the south-west, crosses the Hudson at West Point, 
and is continued thence into New Jersey and Pi-nusylvania, under the name of the Kittatiag Mountains. This range 
forms the dividing line between the waters flowing into the Hudson and those which flow into the Housatonic. 

The northern section has six several ranges of mount:uns. The Pulmerstown Range (in some parts called the Black and 
Tongue Mountains) rises in the northern i)art of Saratoga County, mns north-east through the tongue of land which sep- 
arates Lake George from Lake Champlain, and terminates in bold and precipitous cliffs at the shore of the latter, south 
of Ticonderoga. The Kayaderosserus, or Lucerne Mountains, are about six miles wide and seventy long, running from 
Montgomery County, through Saratoga and "Warren coualics, along the western side of Lake George to Ticonderoga. 
The pudson River breaks through this range on the line of Saratoga and Warren counties. The Clinton Range extends 
ftoDO, Montgomery County north-east through Fulton, Hamilton, Saratoga, Warren, and Essex counties, to Point Trem- 
bleaii, on Lake Champlain. It is the largest range north of the Mohawk River, and at its most elevated portion there 
are numerous distinct peaks, forming a remarkable group, known as the Adirondack Group. The Moliawk forces a 
passage through its south-western extremity, and the range itself is the dividing slied between the tributaries of the St. 
LaT\Tence and those of the Mohawk. Au Sable, or Peru Range, commences in Montgomery County, and running par- 
allel witii the Clinton Range, tenninates in the southern part of Clinton County ; it is IGO miles long, and has a greater gen- 
eral elevation than the preceding ranges. The Chateaugay Range is Iho longest and highest chain of mountains in the 
State; it commences on the line of the Kaiitsbergs, in Herkimer County, has a general height of 2,000 feet through the 
counties of Hamilton, Franklin, and Clinton, and crossing the Canada Hue, it terminates upon the Canada plains. The 
St. Lawrence Range, commencing ten or twelve miles north of the Chateaugay Range, and trending along the slope of 
the St. Lawrence Valley, has been little explored, and is of less extent than the last named. The St. Regis, Grasse, and 
other rivers descending into the St. Lawrence, divide it inl<i se\*eral distinct portions. This section of the State has also 
two minor ranges, worthy of notice : the Highlands of Black River, extending from the sources of Black Creek, west and 
norlh-west. about sixty miles, cover much of the country between Black River on the one side, and the plains north of 
Oneida Lake on the other. Their altitude is from 1.200 to 1,600 feet, and in some parte their summits have a rolling 
surface several miles in width. The Hasscneleavcr Mountains, the second of these minor ranges, extend from Herkimer 
into Oneida County, and occupy the space between the Highlands and the Mohawk River; they are twenty miles long, 
and about nine miles broad at their base, with an altitude varying from 800 to 900 feet, with a rolling surface. 

The Southern section may be divided into two portions— the Eastern and the Western. In the Eastern division there 
are three distinct ranges— 1, the Highlands of Orange and Putnam counties ; 2, the Shawangunk Mountains, skirting the 
valley of the Rondout ; and— 3, the Kaatsbergs, or Catskill Mountains, the direction of which is through the counties of 
Ulster, Albany, and Schoharie, to the valley of the Mohawk, the portions in Albany antl Schoharie being also called the 
neklerbcrgs. The western division of this section rises gradually to successive terraces from the shores of L:ike Ontario, 
till it attains its greatest elevation in the Southern tier of counties. The first of the terraces composing this ascent, exteads 
from the Genesee, near Rochester, to the Falls of Niagara and Lewistown, a distance of 90 miles, and is from six to ten 
miles in width. It is called the " Ridge Koad," and is supposed to have formed at one period the shore of Lake Ontario. 
The second terrace extends from this ridge to the falls of the Genesee at Nunda and Portageville, where there is another 
abrupt acclivity of nearly 300 feet. This surmounted, the ascent is gradual to the summit level, at the Iteight of from 1,500 
to 2,000 feet in the Southern portion of Chautauque, Cattaraugus, Alleghany, and Steuben counties. These terraces, though 
all quite fertile, are each characterized by a difference of soil and of forest trees. 

The principal culminations of the several ranges, and the heights of each in feet, above the sea-level, :ire named in the ' 
following table : 

Group. County. Fe^t. Group. County. Fed, 



Mt. Maroy Adirondack Essex 5,467 

" M'Inlyre « " 5,1S3 

" MMartin " « 6,022 

Dial Mountain " " 4,907 

Whiteface Au Sable " 4,S55 

Mt. Seward Adirondack Franklin.... 3,9SS 

Round Top Kaatsberg Greene 3.S04 

High Peak " '• 3,71S 

Pine Orchard " " 8,027 

Shawangunk Orange 1,S6G 



New Beacon Highlands Duchess ..,., 1,6S5 

Button Hill " Orange 1,520 

Old Beacon " Duchess .... 1,471 

Breakneck " Westchester. 1,187 

Anthony's Nose " "' . 1,123 

Mt. Defiance Essex 763 

Palisades Rockland . . . 550 

Fort Putnam '* ... 500 

Harlw Hill Long Island . SIO 

Richmond Hill Staton Island SOT 



The most distinguishing feature of New York is, perhaps, its vast system of water-ways, which bound and intersect it 
in almost every direction. 

Its lakes are the common highways of an extended commerce. Numbers of these lie wholly within the State, but the 
great lakes, properly so called, lie on its borders— On Lnrio and Erie on the North and West, and Champlain on the East. 

Of these great exterior lakbs, Erie is the most extensive ; it is 2GS miles in length and from 80 to 64 miles in breadth, 
vrith an area of S.030 square miles. The elevation of its surface above tide water is 565 feet, and above Lake Ontario, 
with which it communicates by the Niagara River, 334 feet, having a maximum depth of 270 feet; but in general the 
depth is not more than 120 foet. Only 60 miles of its const lies within this St.-tte, Init the amount of business carried on 
from thence is immense, and constantly increasing with Ilie progress^ive dtvelnpmcnt of the States lying west. Ontario 
is the second in sixe, and the whole southern coast c.ist of Niagara River is wholly within New York. Ha form ia 
502 



NEW YORK. 



oliplioal ; it i3 190 miles in lenglh and 5G in extreme breadth, with a circumference of 4SS miles and an area of 5,400 
square miles. In some places its depth is 000 feet, but the average depth is only 400 feet, and everywhere deep enough 
for Ihc largest ships. The surface is 231 feet higher than tide water. The ports of this lake are usually open earlier in 
the spring than those of Lake Erie, and it is not so subject to those desolating sturms that frequently sweep over that 
lake. Lake Champlain is a long narrow sheet of water, of exceeding beauty, and containing a largo number of islands. 
Of these, Yalcour and Schuyler, with several others, belong to this State. In extreme lenglh it is 134 miles, with a 
breadth varying from ^ a mile to 10 miles, and its depth is from 50 to 2S0 fL-el. Its outlet is tlie Sorello or Richelieu 
Kiver, which is navigable, and forms the connecting link between tlie lake and the St. Lawrence Paver. The aboriginal 
name was Caniad-eiirquurunte, or "lake that is the gate of the country." All these lakes abound with salmon, trout, 
Bturgeon, pickerel, and other fish. Lake Oeorge, or Horieon, is wholly within the State ; its surface is 243 feet above tide 
water, and it discharges itself into Lake Ciiamplain by a descent of 150 feet. The lake is inclosed around by hills from 
1.200 to 1,500 feet high, and the rich and varied scenery that surrounds it, the numerous outlets tliut stud its pellucid 
surface, and the fine atmosphere, all combine to render it one of tlie most delightful of summer resorts. The French call 
It Lac Sacrament on account of the purity of its waters ; the Indian name was CaniiuUeri-uit^ i. ^., " llie tale of the lake." 
i The northern portion of the State abounds witli small lakes, and of these there arc probably not less than 200 in number. 
Some of tliem among the Adirondack group of mountains are greatly elevated. Avalanche Lake, in Essex County, is 
2.900 feet ; Colden Lake, in the same county, '2,ToO feet; and llacket Lake, in Hamilton County, 1,731 feet above tide. 
Many of these form the sources of rivers emptying into the St. Lawrence, Lake Champlain, the Hudson Kiver, and 
Lake Ontario. 

The western portion of the State contains several series of lakes of considerable size, many of which are of the highest 
importance to commercial navigation. They extend through the counties of Oneida, Oswego, Onondaga, Cayuga, 
Seneca. Yates, Ontario, and Livingston, and are scarcely surpassed any where in point of scenery. Tlie principal of 
these are the Seneca, Cayuga, Oneida, Crooked, and Canandaigua lakes. The other lakes in this connection are Onon- 
daga. Cross, Otisco, Cazenovia, Skaneateles, Owascu, Hemlock, Oanadice, and Cnnesus. Otsego and Canaderoga, in Otsego 
Count)", and Chaulauquc Lake, in the county of the same name, are also important waters. Extensive salt springs 
abound on the shores of Onondaga, the waters of which, notwithstanding, are as IVesh and pure as those of any others 
of these lakes. 

The rivers of New York, in connection with a splendid system of internal improvements, afford an immense stretch 
of inland navigation. 

The Hudson is the largest, and one among the most magnificent water-courses of North America. It is 320 miles long, 
having its sources in the Adirondack group of mountains, and flowing in a generally southward direction ti> the Atlantic, 
which it meets at the Narrows below New York. It is navigable for the largest class of river steamers for the greater 
part of the year to Troy, 160 miles from its mouth, and the largest merchautmen may safely pass up as far as Hudson 
City. The principal branches of the Hudson are the Mohawk, on the west, and the Iluosic, on the east. The Mohawk 
rises in Oneida and Lewis counties, and at first pursues a southerly course, then changing east and south-east it forms 
tiie valley of the Molia\\k, and after passing over the Little Falls and the falls at Cohoos, enters the Hudson by several 
mouths between Troy and Waterford. Tlie scenery around the falls is beautiful, but these are destitute of that grand^-ur 
which inspires the mind on beholding the great falls of Niagara. The length of the river is about 135 milt-s, and in its 
course it passes through liome, Utica, and Schenectady. The Ilnosic River rises in Massachusetts, and, tliough a com- 
paratively small stream, is very useful for local purposes. The Crotou Uiver. anotlier tributary, is famous a" '.ne source 
of the great supply of water it fiu-nislies to the Ciiy of New York. The other tributaries are — from the east, Schroon 
branch, the outlet of Schroon Lake, Battcnkill, and Kinderhook, aud— from the wl-sI. WallkiU, Kondout, Esopus, 
KaaterskilL. and Sacandaga, besides several smaller streams. 

The river St Lawrence forms, in part, the northern boundary of the State, and is tlic outlet of the great northern lakes. 
It conveys to the ocean a larger volume of water than any other river of (he world, except flie Amazon. It is navigable 
for sloops to Ogdensburg, GO miles from Luke Ontario, but below this point its navigation is difficult and dangerous, on 
account of the frequent rapids by which it is Interrupted. The Lake of the Thousaml Islands, the name of which implies 
siifEcienlly its character, is an expansion of the St Lawrence. The group of islands that studs its surface, however, is said 
to number about 1.500, some of which belong to this State. The next imporUint river of New York is the Oswego, which 
is about 120 miles in length. Under the name of Mud Creek it has its rise in Ontario County, and flowing eastwardly, it 
, receives through the Canandaigua outlet the waters of the lake of the same name; proceeding eastwardly undL-r the name 
of Clyde, it receives the waters of Seneca and Cayuga, lakes, through their common outlet, and thence assumes the name 
nf Seneca; after a still further enlargement by the waters of Onondaga Lake, it takes the title of Oswego lliver, and sud- 
•!rnly cuH'ing toward the north-west, collects from the Oneida Kiver its tribute of the waters of Lake Oneida. It has a fall 
r about 100 feet after assuming its proper name, and famishes, by iU constant supply of water, valuable mill privileges. 
Seven thousand square miles of territory are drained by its course, and by means of the Oj.wego Canal and locks, it is na\i- 
_:ible through its whole length. The Alleghany, a constituent of the Ohio, rises in Alleghany County, and is navigated by 
:>mali steamers to Olcan. The Susquehanna au'i Delaware both have their sources in tiiis State, and in their first courses 
afr<rd an immense water^i >wer. The other principal rivers are the Niagara, the Genesee, the Black, the Chenango, the 
Chemung, the Oswegatchie, etc. The Niagara, which is the connecting link between lakes Erie and Ontario, forms the 
celebrated falls of the ."iamc name. The Genesee, distinguished for its valuable mill-sites, is used as a feeder to the Geneaee 
Valley Canal. It is navigable almost to Rochester, and is 140 miles long, emptying into Lake Ontario. TIio Black River, 
one of the largest of the Slate, also falls into that lake ; it is 120 miles in length, and is navigable 40 miles from its mouth. 
The Chenango and Chemung are important tributaries of the Susquehanna, and the Oswegatchie is the principal tributary 
of the St Lfiwptice. Other stn-ams flowing into the St Lawrt-nce are Indian, Grasse, Racket, St Regis, Salmon, etc. The 
Chazy and Saraiiac are the principal streams flowing into Lake Champlain. 

The falls and cascades of the rivers of this Slate being among its most distingviishing features, may with propriety be 
enlarged upon in this connection. The great falls of Niagara are described in a fiiriner page. Those of the rivers 
wholly witliin New York are as follows: the Falls of the Genesee, at Rochester, which have a descent of 9G feet; those 
Of Fall Crtek, in the to\nisliip of Ithaca, whicli descend 43^i feet in the space of one mile, forming several catiracts, at one 
of which the whole sheet of water is jwured over a rock IIG feet high, and the banks above have an elevation of 100 feet; 
the Falls nf the Mohawk, at Cohoes, where the water is precipitated over a broken rock (12 feet high, the banks of the 
river f-.rtiiMi- precipitous walls 140 feet above the stream, and Little Falls, some miles above, where the river passes 

5C3 



NEW YORK. 



througli a fissure in the rocks, which rise on each side 500 feet above its surface. Trenton Falls, on "West Canada Creek, 
a tributai-y of the Mohawk, are much admired fur their picturesque scenery ; for the distance of several miles there is a 
succession of rapids and cataracts, and the bed of the river is frequently narrowed by rocky precipices, and overhung 
with trees, while its banks in some places rise perpendicularly to the height of 140 feet. At Glenn's Falls, IS miles from 
Saratoga, the Hudson flows over a ledge of rocks into a dcej) basin below, with a descent of 70 feet Nuinenms minor 
falls exist in variuus rivers, especially in the northern part of the State, and furnish in many instances motive power of 
immensa importance to the matmfacturiug interests of the State. , 

The sea-coast of New York is nearly all comprised in the shores of Long Island, which conta,in a few harbors and inlet*, 
but none that are much frequented by shipping. The bay and harbor of New York is the great dep6t of the commerce 
of the State, and the most magnificent harbor-water on the Atlantic sea-board. Easily accessible, perfectly 8afe,capai.-ii)us 
enough for the navies of the wlir>lc world, and never obstructed by ^ce, it has advantages possessed by no otlier port. Its 
boundaries toward the sea are Long Island and Staten Island, between which it connects with the Atlantic by the Nar- 
rows, an outlet formed by projections from each shore. It extends 9 miles below the city, and is from 2 to 5 miles broad, 
containing several islands, which are fortified in the strongest possible manner, as are also both sides of its entrance at the 
Narrows. The Hudson enters the Bay from the north ; the East Kiver, or channel between New York and Long Island, 
communicating with Long Island Sound on the east, and the Kills, a strait between Staten Island and tlie Jersey shore, on 
the west. At low water the entrance by the Narrows is somewhat difficult for large ships, and the entrance from the 
Sound is obstructed by a rocky strait, called Ilell Gate, a name corrupted from *' Horll Gatt," the iJutch for whirlpool. In 
1853, however, a great portion of the dangerous rocks of this channel were blasted away, and vessels of large size may 
now pass without much danger. 

Thwe are several harbors on Lake Ontario, the most noted of which is Sackett'a Harbor, toward the cast end of the lake ; 
it is deep and safe, and was an important naval station dm-ing the war of 1S12. The harbors of Buffalo and Dunkirk on 
Lake Erie are also important commercial Btations, being the terminus of the two great lines of railroad between the Hud- 
eon and the lakes. The harbors of Lake Champlain are much used by Canadian traders, and those of Burlington and 
Plattsburg are fast rising into importance. 

Long Island is the largest appendage to this State. It projects into the Atlantic opposite the southern shore of Connec- 
ticut, & distance of 140 miles. Its average breadth is 10 miles, and its greatest breadth about twenty miles. The sliape is 
that of a great whale, and a rocky ridge, callwl thcSpine, extends lengthwise nearly through it, and at the western end 
forms the heights of Brooklyn. South of the ridge the land is level and sandy — on the north it is more uneven. The 
island abounds with wild fowl and game, and its waters with fish in great variety, which furnish the markets of the City 
of New York and other places plentifully. In the western section are some fine orchards and market gardens. Staten 
Island, at the mouth of New York harbor, is separated from Long Island by the Bay and Narrows. It is 15 miles long, and 
8 miles broad. Manhattan, or New York Island, which is occupied by the city of the latter name, is 13 miles long, 
with an average breadth of one mile and a half. The small islands iu the bay are Governor's Island, on which stand 
Fort Columbus, the principal strong-hold ; Castle William overlooking the confluences of the Hudson and East rivers, and 
South Battery overlooking the entrance by the Narrows; Bedloe's Island, on which stands Fort Wood, and is now used as 
the chief recruiting dep6t of the United States army ; and Ellis' Island, on which is a naval magazine and some fortifica- 
tion.s. The defenses at the entrance of New York Bay are Fort Hamilton and Fort Diamond, on the north shore of the 
Narrows, the latter an insulated castle, and Fort Ilichmond on the south shore. 

The climate of New York can not be described in general terms. Each locality has its own peculiarities. The mean 
average temperature of the whole State is 46° 49' Fahr. The mean maximum 92° the mean minimum 12^ below 
zero, and the mean annual range 104°. These data furnish a standard of comparison. The southern section of the val- 
ley of the Hudson, and the whole (»f Long Island, are the most equable portions of the State— the greatest heat is about 2^ 
less, and the greatest cold from 10° to 13° less than the average — the spring is somewhat backward, but the harvest com- 
mences earlier than in the interior, and the first frosts happen at a much later period in the fall season. In the 
rivor counties, above the Highlands, the seasons are more extreme, both summer and winter being beyond the average, 
aud the spring is from 10 to 15 da>s later at Albany than at New York. The Mohawk Valley has a climate which docs 
not vary greatly from the mean average ; north and east of the Mohawk the region is characterized by a low, average 
temperature, backward seasons, and early frosts. The moan t^'mperature Is at least 2° below the assumed standard. The 
region south of the Mohawk, extending to the smaller lakes, has a mean temperature 1^ or 2° below the given average, yet 
the cold is not so intense, nor do the frosts occur so early as in the regions on the north side of the valley. The lake 
region assimilates the climate of Long Island, and the mean temperature docs not vary muili from the average, but the 
range is about S^ less, indicating greater uniformity. The average lime throughout the Slate, from the blooming of the 
apple-tree to the first killing frost, is 174 days — oq the west end of Long Island it is 12 or 13 days more, and in the SU 
Lawrence district 23 or 23 days less. The prevailing winds are from the south-west. On the sea-board, easterly winds 
almost invariably bring rain, while westerly winds are sure precursors of fine, dry weather, and in winter of continued 
frosts. The quantity of rain that falls during the year may average for the State 49 inches. From these data it will be 
perceived that the climate is everywhere one of great extremes, and although in the same latitudes which in Europe 
produce the fig and the olive, its severer character admits only of the culture of the hardier plants and grains. Though 
subject to sudden and severe changes, the State as a whole is extremely healthy, and if the mortality of the larger cities 
be omitted, the ratio of deaths is not greater than in the best climates of Euroi)e. In the eastern counties consumption 
and other diseases of the respiratory organs are the prevailing m.-iladies, while iu the western counties bilious aftections 
predominate. In the large cities, during summer and f;dl, cholera infantum is the most common and fatal disease ; 
about one half of the deaths during the year occur in children under five years of age, a mortality which must be attrib- 
uted to other causes than climate, and in chief to badly conslruoted dwellings and to badly regulated diet. 

The geological structure of New York has been scientifically examined under the authority of the Legislature, as also Us 
botany and animal kingdom. The secondary formations of geolcigisL'^, as well as the upper formations of the transition 
system, have no existence in this State, and in most parts the tertiary system is wanting. The existence of small beds of 
eolite in Saratoga County, and a somewhat doubtAd era of red sandstone in Kockland County can scarcely be considered 
as exceptions to this statement in regard to the transition system. 

Coal is not noted in the subjoined table. All the formations of New York, except the alluvial and diluvial deposits, 
and the beds of tertiary on the St. Lawrence, are below the coal measures, the Kailtsbergs, which arc the highest members 
cf the transition system being the layer immediately beneath. It ia true that there arc layers of anthracite a few inches in 

5ei 



NEW YORK:. 



thickness, and extending: over a small surface between the strata of rocks of an earlier date in various parts, buticoal does 
not exist in quantities sufficient to be of any practical value. The prevalence of limestone in nearly all the formations 
is worthy ot notice, aflbrdini;, as it does, the basis rock best adapted to yield tiie materials for fertilizing: the soil. 

The following: table exhibits the geological formations of the State, as arranged by the State geologists. Captions III., 
IV., and V. are comprised under the general head of the transition system of geologists: 

TiBULAP. VIEW OF THE ROCKS OF KEW YORK, IN SYSTE.MS, GROUPS, AND FORMATIONS. 



System 

I. Alluvial 

II. DiLUVTAL 

III. Old K ED Sandstone... 

IV. New York Transition. 



V. TACHKAxrc, or Taconic. 



VI. Gneiss, or primary. 



Vir. SUPEBINCTTMBENT ROCKS 
VIII. UnSTRATIFIED ROCKS. . 



Groups. 

Alluvial 

Diltcvial 

Old red sandstone, or Kaats- 

berg 

Eric. 

Ildderberg 



Ontar 



0ia7nplam. 



Boulders, etc. ; clay and sands. 

Conglomerate; old red sandstone. 

Chemung sanilstoncs and flagstones; Ludlow^'ille shales. 

Helderberg limestone ; Schoharie grit ; brown argillaceous 
sandstone ; encrinal limestone ; Oriskany limestone ; greeo 
shaly limestone ; pentamerus limestone. 

Onondaga salt and gypseous rocks; limestone and grcon 
shales; argillaceous iron ore; Medina sandstone, soft 
green, and variegated. 

Grey sandstone and conglomerate ; Lorraine shales and 
roofing-slate ; Utiea slate ; Trenton limestone ; bird's-eyo 
limestone; Chazy limestone; calciferous saud-rock ; Pots- 
dam sandstone. 

Light green shales, sometimes brown and plumbaginous; 
grey and clouded limestone ; brown sandstone. 

Gneiss, hornhlende, and mica slate; talcose slate and 
steatite. 

Greenstone, trap, and porphyry. 

Granite, hypersthenc rocks; primary limestone ; serpenltue; 
magnetic iron ore. 

There are two tracts of primary and unslratificd rocks ; iha first is nearly circular in form, and occupies the counties 
of Kssex, Warren, and Hamilton, and parts of the adjoining counties ; and the second is in the south-east, of a somewhat 
triangular form, and comprises Putnam and Westchester, with the larger part of New York, and part of liockland. 
Orange, and Duchess counties. These two sections, together, occupy nearly one-third part of the State. They contain 
extensive iron mines, and mines of lead and plumbago. Tlieir surface is generally broken and elevated— in the Adiron- 
dack group towering up to the height of a mile above tide-water, ,^nd attaining in the beetling cliffs which overlook the 
waters of llie Hudson a considerable though less lolly altitude. The soil is I.'ss arable and fertile than in the lands of 
liinrslone formation, but is naturally covered with a gigantic growth of oak. pine, and hemlock. The gneiss of this sys- 
tem furiiiihes a fine building material, and under the name of granite is abundantly quarried. The serpentine, primitive 
Hmesdvie and steatite are also largely produced for the purposes of the arl.s. These rocks abound in minerals, as garnet, 
biryl, chrj'soberyl, pyroxene, sjjhene, tourmaline, apatite, colophonitc, scapoiite, labradorite, epodite, etc. 

The Taconic system is composed of brown sandstone, gray limestone, green shales, etc., and contains some minerals. 
It furnishes fine limestone for building, but hnn few or no fossils. The overlaying soil is often highly fertile. Its range 
comprises the whole of Washington, Ucnsselaer, and Columbia, part of Duchess, Ulster. Greene, AJbany. and Saratoga, 
and trending westward occupies a narrow tract in Schenectady, Montgomery, Herkimer, and Oneida, and expands more 
"Widely in Oswego and -Tcfferson counties. 

The New York system comprises four distinct groups. The constituents of the Champlain group are various kinds of 
sandstone and limestone, slale, conglomerate, and a peculiar stone, comjjosited of lime and sand, and hence called cal- 
ciferous (lime-bearing) sand-rock. Of these, the Potsdam sandstone furnishes a beautiful and durable building niaJerial ; 
the Trenton and birds-eye limestone are used in the arts ; Lorraine shales and Utiea slate are employed for roofini: ; while 
the gray sandstones and conglomerates furnish stone suitable for grind-stones. The rocks of this group abound in fossils 
of the earlier periods — encrinitcs, trilobites, and numerous others, unlike any of the Crustacea now in existence. The 
soil throughout the territory occupied by this group is generally good, and mudi of it highly fertile, being constantly en- 
riched by the decomposing limestone, etc. The group occupies a very considerable but irregular territory : it appears 
occ^isionally in small beds, then dips, and again appears as a surface rock. In the form of Potsdam sandstone, etc.. it 
bounds the great primary region of the north-east in every direction, varying in width from two to fifty miles, and also 
apiJiars in narrow beds on both sides of the Hudson River, i 

The Ontario group consists of three distinct portions. The lowest, a marly sandstone, decomposing rapidly when exposed, 
is called Medina san^lstone ; next a series of soft, green, slaty rocks, also easily decomposed, and overlaid by clayey and 
fliiity limestone, alternating with each other, and finally terminating on the limestone over which the Niagara pours its 
cataract; and, lastly, a group of limestones containing gypsum, hy<Iraulic cement, water-lime, and salt, known as the 
Onondaga salt group. This group is the most valuable of the transition system. It includes the salt .springs of Salina, 
etc., and furnishes in its gypsum one of the most potent of fertilizers, and in its water-lime an indispensable material in 
the construction of aque<iiicts, etc. The fossils of this group are numerous and interesting. Slu-lls of bi-valve rnollusca, 
corallines, and madrepores, together with traces of vegetable existence, mark this era. M inerals are not numerous here. ■ 
The clayey limestone containing iron ore, fluor spar, anrl selenite, appear occasionally, and sulphur springs gush up in 
various sections. Its soil is of unsurpassed and permanent fertility, and its territorial limits compose the granary of the 
State. The oak, beech, maple, elm, butter-nut, hickory, and black walnut, arc the principal forest trees. The Ontario 
group commences at the nortli-west extremity of Lake Ontario, and extends eastwjird, with a mean breadth of 20 miles, 
to its termination in Montgomery C^uinly. 

The Helderberg series comprises f..ur kinds of Hmestone. and three of sand.stone (see table). Many of its constituenta 
abound in fossils. The Helrh-rherg limestone is cavernous, and many of the eaves have been explored for a eonsidcrnble 
difltance, and have been found to contain stalacUtes and stalagmites of great variety and beauty. The principal mincrala 

5C5 



NEW YORK. 



of this group are bog-iron ore, fiuor spar, jasper, slrontian, satin spar, alum, bitumen, and small veins of antbracite. The 
soil oveflying the rocks is either a fine clay, or sand lying upon clay. Marl is also of frequent occurrence. The growths 
are chiefly oak, i-heslnut, hickory, pine, etc. By suitable cultivation good crops of grain may be grown. This group 
occupivs the harrow tract commencing m Orange, an<i passing tiirough I'lsler, to the Hudson, thence along the banks of 
tliat river to Albany, wliere it turus westwardly, and passes through the centre of llie Stale, south of the Ontano group, 
forming the beds of most of the small hikes in Western New York, and terminates on the shores of Lake Erie. 

The Erie group is composed of two p<:irlions. The lower, or Ludlowville shales, is composed of soft, slaty rocks, 
alternating with their beds of Uine&tone, easily decomposed; and the upper, or Chemung series, consists of thin, even beds 
of gray sandstone, with intervening shales or beds of slate. Some of the fossils found in this group p<issess great I)eauty. 
Ferns, etc., frequently occur, indicating the approach to that period of vegetable luxuriance which marks the coal 
formation. The avicula delthyris and other eonehifera are found embedded in the rocks l*etroleum, called Seueca oil, 
occurs in several loealiiies, and in a nmnber of places carburetted hydrogen is evolved from the surface, and in such 
quantities as to be nsed for illumination. The soil where the Ludlowville shales form the surface rock is fertile, though 
rough and broken ; in the higher regions occupied by the Chemung limestone, the character of the soil is different, and 
the while pine and hemlock lake the place of the oak, maple, and beech of the lower lands, and attain a gigantic growth. 
These lands produce grasses abundantly, and as they become cleared \vill afford pasturage of the best character. The 
Erie series covers nearly the whole of Chautauque, Cattaraugus, "Wyoming, Alleghany, Steuben, Tales, Tompkins, Che- 
mung, and Tioga counties, together with portions of Broome, Chenango, Cortland, Ontario, Livingston, Genesee, and Erie, 
as well as a narrow trad in Sullivan, Ulster, Greene, Schoharie, and Otsego counties. 

This ct>m[deles what for convenience has been termed the Kew York transition system. The remaining group properly 
belongs to the transition system of tl>e English geologists, and is by Ihem denominated old red sandstone, that rock being 
its principal constituent. It is predominant in the Kaiittsberg, and hence the Stale geologists have given H the name of 
thai locality. It consists of old red sandstone, overlying the Chemung sandstone, and of conglomerate, which is immediately 
beneath the coal-bearing limestone of Pennsylvania. The sandstone imparts its red hue to the soil that covers it. It 
contains comparatively few fossils — the scales and bones of some lizard-liko fish have been discovered in it Bog- 
iron ore and calcareous spar are the only minerals of consequence found in this formation, Tlic conglomerate affords 
fine grind-stones, and has been used to some extent for mill-stones. The overI>iDg soil is good. Ilemlock, beech, maple, 
elm, basswood, butternut, etc., are the principal trees — oak seldom occurs. This series is chiefiy local, and occupies only 
the south-western counties in th3 neighborhood of the Kaatsbergs. 

The diluvial regions are chiefiy in the neighborhood of the St. Lawrence, Lake Champlain, and the Hudson, and com- 
pose the surface of Ihe northern half of Long Island. They consist of a stiff, bine clay beneath, a yellowish-brown clay 
above this, and sand on the surface. The marine shells found iti these clays, belong in some instances to extinct specieu. 
To this system belong also the boulders scattered so widtdy over the State. 

The alluvial deposits, consisting of gravel, sand, loam, etc., thrown up by the waters, and deposited on the lake shores 
and river banks, and still in process of aggregation, constitute the last of the geological formations. To these belong 
portiom of the valleys of the rivers and lakes, and the southern half of Long Island. The soil of both the diluvial and 
alluviaf deposits is mainly fertile. 

Trap and porphyry do not in this Stale constitute a separate formation. They occur either in columnar masses, like 
the Palisades, or in narrow dykes traversing rocks of an entirely different constitution, and Iheir position is evidently the 
result of the action of subterranean fire. Porphyry is only found occupying a tract of a few miles in length on Lake 
Champlain. 

In connection with the geology of Iho State, the " ridge road'' is worthy of more extended notice. This road consists of 
a bank of sand, gravel, etc., vfir}-ing in height from 100 to 150 feet, and extending along the whole soutliern coast of Lake 
OnLnrio at a distance of six or eight miles frrnn it. forming a natural highway. It is said that a somewhat similar ridge 
exists along the northern shore of the lake. That this ridge once, and at no distant period, formed its shore, is proved by 
the existence of small sand hillocks, evidently heapo<l iiyy by the action of the waves, by the absence of Indian mounds and 
fortifications on the north side of the ridge, and their frequent occurrence immediately south of it, and, above all, by the 
structure and composition of the ridge itself. 

The deep channels cut in the rocks by many of the rivers are also subjects of geological interest. The Hudson, the 
St. Lawrence, Oswego, etc., either have banks sloping lo the water's edge, or if they occasionally pass through narrow and 
precipitous defiles, have not worn themselves a passage by the action of their waters upon the rocky barrier which opposed 
them, but have availed Ihemselves of a route opened by some con^nilsion of nature. Such is not the case with the 
Mohawk, the Chenango, the Genesee, and the Niagara. Descending fn)m elevale<i table-lands, they have, by their 
ceaseless flow, hewn out a channel through the shales, slates, and marly sand and limestones, in some instances 400 or 500 
feet below tiie level of the surrounding country. The constant action of the waters upon these decomposing rocks has 
also caused the Falls of Niagara to recede, as some geologists suppose, a distance of five or six miles, and this recession is 
still in progress. 

Among the useful metals, iron is that most abundant in New Y'ork. It is found in five forms. The magnetic oxide is 
most abundant in Essex, Clinton, Franklin, Warren, Orange, and Putnam counties; the abundance is immense ; a single 
vein (the Stafford vein, in Essex County) being estimated by Professor Emmons to contain ore sufficient to yield S.000,000 
tons of malleable iron. This ore is confined to priman.' rocks. The specular oxide is found chiefly in SI. Lawrence, 
Jefferson, and Franklin counties imbedded in sandstone, and though less abundant than the former, is still found iu large 
quantities. The argillaceous ore, called also bog ore, is found in various parts, evidently deposited by diluvial and allu- 
vial action in the clay and gravel. The hemalilic ore frequently occurs in crystals of fantastic and beautiful forms ; it is 
found extensively in Kichmond. Orange, Ulster, Putnam, Duchess, (_;iinlon, Warren, and Wayne counties; alsn in West- 
chesler and Piockland. and usually makes its appearance in the lower limestones of the transition system. The carlniret 
of iron, or graphite, occurs abuiidanlly in Duchess County, and in considerable quantities in Essex and Clinton counties. 

Lead is lound in immense quantities in St. Lawrence County, and less abundantly in the Shawangunk Mountains, iu 
Sullivan and Ulster counties, etc. It does not seem to be confined lo any geological era, but occurs in nearly all the 
fiirmatious. Zinc and copper occur in various parts, and arsenic has been discovered in Putnam County. Bnryles 
and strontian are abundant in Schoharie and Jefferson, and alum is found in many districts. The existence of gypsum 
and hydraulic cement has alreaily been noticed. Serpentine and its kindred minerals, soapstone, talc, carbonate, hydrate 
and sulphate of magnesia, together with asbestos, and aiuiauthus, occur abundantly in Putnam, Orange, Westchester, 
06& 



NEW YORK. 



Jf fferson, and St Lai\Tencc counties, and in considerable quantities in other parts. Numerous other minerals, of interest 
only to the prulessed gL'ologist, are Inuud everywhere. , 

Mineral springs, the waters of whioh are of ereat value, exist in various districts. The chalybeate springs of Saratoga, 
the sulphur springs of Avon, Iwochester, and Chittcnauiio, the briue springs in Genesee, Erie, and Ork-ans eoiiniies, the 
petrifying springs of Madison and Saratoga couattes, etc., are well known and appreciated. Tiii: oil sprin"s found in 
Cattaraugus and Alleghany counties, the nitrogen springs of New Lebanon and Iloosie, and the carbun-tted liydro^en 
springs in the neighborhood of Lake Erie and the Niagara Uiver, are also well worthy of notice. Tlic villus'" of 
Frcdonia, and the light-house at Barcelona, are illuminated by tlie latter. Springs of the same character are also fuund 
Id Duchess, Onei<Ia, and Monroe counties. 

The botany of tliis great State is exceedingly diverse in ila characteristics. Holding a geographical position midwav 
between the north and the south, the trees, shrubs, grasses, etc., of both extremes are found within its borders. Immense 
forests still wcupy the uncultivated regions north and west, consisting mostly of oak, pine, beech, etc., while chosluut, 
hickory, an<i maple, with a number of others less numerous, but not less valuable trees are scattered over its territory. The 
mountainsides and woods are clothed in a shrubby undergrowth, and in the open plains flourish hundreds of more humble 
herbaceous plants, among which may be found many that are rare and curious. Flowery shrubs and plants cover the 
surface; the anemone, ranunculus, and violet put forth their flowers in every sheltered place; and the dock tribe flourish 
luxurianlly in the marshes. Among the lobelia tribe there is the cardnial flower, Indian tobacco (i/{/fiitti), etc. ; and in 
the deep recesses o( the forests, the arum and orchis tribes, of strange forms and brilliant colors, are met with. In the 
fall season the asters and golden-rods are the pride of the plain. Medicinal plants are iu abumlance— llie cinuta, conium, 
stramonium, are found on every side, and the mints are abundantly distributed. Among the shrubs also are many higldy 
useful in medicine. 

But the most important vegetation of the State is undoubtedly its forest trees. Of the coniforoe there are nine distinct 
families, viz. : the pitch pine, white pine, hemlock, spruce, balsam tir, black spruce, white spruce, tamarack, etc., also the 
red cedar, while cedar, arbor vitie, and the yew. Oaks are more numerous in species, and among these are many of 
the most valuable kinds of timber; white, black, scarlet, black chcstmit, willow, swamp, mossy, black-jack, etc., are the 
best known. Elm, ash, maple, walnut, beech, etc., in numerous speciL-s, are found in different parts. Of the maple 
species, the sugar maple is most valuable, ou account of its furnishing domestic sugar, which is now used by the farmers 
of the interior almost to the exclusion of cane sugar. 

No class of plants is so widely distributed as that of grasses. The Flora of this State contains many native species, 
but only a small number of these is of any value, and the meadow grasses, with few exceptions, are of foreign origin. 
The principal of these are, the timothy, sweet vernal, meadow, blue and rough grasses. Wheat, rye. and oats are culti- 
vated exteusively, and the zigania aquatica, a wild rice, which forms a principal article of the food of the Indian, grt)W3 
abund.antly in the northern counties. "Wild oats and chess are common. Some grasses are confined to particular soils. 
Many in sandy soils have matted roots, and by forming a thick sod, prevent the loose soil from being carried away by 
the flood or winds, and others by their annual decay fertilize soils which otherwise would be arid and unproductive. 
Ferns and fern-like plants occupy a wide extent of territory, while mosses and rushes are equally abundant, and form iu 
many instances most valuable adjuncts to the comforts of domestic life. 

The whole number of flowering j)lants iu this State Is about 1,450, and of these 1,200 are herbaceous, and V}0 may be 
regarded as ornamental. Of woody plants there are liSO species, including about SU that attain to the stature of trees. Of 
plants that are reputed medicinal, there are, native and naturalized, about 160 species. 

The animal kingiiom is replete with objects of interest, and opens a wide field for tho study of natural history. The 
carnivorous animals existing in this Slate are the black bear, the raccoon, wolverine, skunk, fisher, weasel, pine martin, 
ermine weasel, mink, otter, native dogs, the gray and black wolf, the panther, wild cat, bats, the mole, antl the shrcw. 
Of the marsupial, or pouched, animals the opossum is the only species. The order rodeutia, or guawers, are numerous, and 
comprises the beaver, muskrat, rabbit, prairie hare, squirrels, woodcluicks or marmots, and rats and mice of numerous 
kinds. The American deer, the moose, stag, and reindeer, belonging to the ungulata, were formerly numerous; to iliis 
(iamily belong also the horse, ass, ox, hog, goats, and sheep, but these are not indigenous. In the waters are many cetace- 
ous animals — whales of several species, with the porpoise, gr.ampus, etc. The mastodon has been found in a fossil state 
in all parts, and the teeth and other remains of elephants, etc., have been occasionally dug up. 

Among the birds of prey natives of New York there are, of tho vulture tribe, the turkey buzzard; of the falcou tribe, the 
golden and bald eagle, the goshawk, the fish hawk, the marsh harrier, with four other species of hawk, and six ot buz- 
zard, and of the owl tribe, ten species ; of birds of passage, 20 dilTerent tribes and 149 species are enumerated ; belonging 
to the gallinacea are the wild turkey, American quail, partridge, grouse, prairie hen, etc. The grallo, or waders, are very 
numerous, counting 62 species in seven families. Lobipedcs, or lobe-footeti birds, are represented in the coot, the horned, 
crested, and red-necked grebe, and the dipper; and among the natatores are puffing loons, petrels, pelicauiA gulls, and 
the goose and duck, in all 6 families and 71 species. Among the latter are the canvas-back duck, so famous with 
epicures, the American widgeon, and the American swan. Of the buzzard tribe the blue-tailed shiuk, or striped buzzard, 
and tlie brown swift-legged, are the only species, the first in the southern counties, and the latter frequenting the woods 
in every district. 

There are but three orders of reptiles in New York. Among the turtle triitc we find the green turtle, which, though a 
native of more 8<tuiJK*m latitudes, frequently appears in the waters of this Slate; the leather turlle, a gigantic species; the 
soft shell turtle, which inhabits the Mohawk and the lakes ; the snapping turtle, terrapins, tortoises (the geographic and 
pseudo-geographic), etc. Serpents are numerous, tnit of tliese only two species, the co]iper-hL-ad and northern rattle-snake, 
are considered to be venomous. In all there are about 40 species known to naturalists. 

^ The amphibious animals are comprised in four families ; of the ranidie, or frog tribe, there are 1-3 species; of salaman- 
ders, 12 species ; of the triton tribe, 4 species; and of the proteus tribe, 2 species. The banded protcus is a vi^-ry singular 
animal, having Uie body of a lizard and the gills of a fish. 

The fishes indigenous to the waters of the State are very numerous. Bony fishes are comprised in six orders: among 
the peclinibranchi the best known arc the perch, bass, bull head, sheep head, porgee, pilot fish, mullet, black fish, mack- 
erel, etc. ; of the abdominals, the shad, herring, salmon trout, cat fish, carp, pike, pickerel, minnow, etc. ; of the jugulares. 
thecod, haddock, hake, halibut, flounder, turbot, sole, etc.; of the apodales. the eel and the conger; of tho lophobrauchi, 
the pipe fish and the Ilmisou Uiver sea-horse ; and of the electrognathi, the balloon fish, tho pufier, the globe fish, etc. 
The cartibgurous family comprises three orders, viz., tho clcuthcropomi, of which the sturgeon is the only example ; the 



NEW YORK. 



plagiostomi, which embraces the shark and the ray ; and the eyclostomi, of which the lamprey, or laraper eel, is the repre- 
sentative. Twenty-flve or thirty species of fishes have beeu found in a fossil state, and of these several species belong to 
famiJies now exlincU 

The Crustacea' are embraced in 10 orders. There are but 27 species of the order decapoda, of which lobsters, crabs, 
shrimps, clc, are Ihe best known species; of the stomapoda there are but three species, among which are the opossum- 
shrimp aii'I squill ; of the amphipuda four species exist, as the sand flea, etc ; of the loeraipoda, the whale-louso and sea- 
measuring worm are the only specimens ; of the isopoda there are 14 species, 7 of which arc parasitical— barnacles are an 
example of this order ; of the paecilipoda 5 species, as the horse-shoe, etc. ; of the phyiiopoda, lophr>opoda, branchiopoda, 
and ostrapoda, but few specimens are found, and those few are known only to tlie curious zoologist. 

Molluscous animals are very numerou.s. Among the cephalopoda are the cullle fish, spirula, etc. The clio is a repre- 
sentative of the pteropoda. The gastero])oda include a vast variety of snails and animals inhabiting turbinated shells. 
Oysters, clams, etc., which are arrayed under eight sub-divisions, consist each of several species. Members of the 
orders cirrhopoda and tuuicata are not very numerous. Geologists have discovered many specimens of foisgil moUusca 
imbedded in the limestone and sandstone formations — the most remarkable of these are various species of the trilobite, 
the enerinite, the pentamerus, etc. 

No full account of the insects of New York has yet been published, but these are very numerous, and many of them 
of rare and beautiful appearance. The coleoptera, or beetle tribe, alone numbers some 1,200 varieties, and many of these 
have brilliant colors, and are of great magnitude. The orthoptcra, or roach tribe, includes the the cockroacli, cricket, 
grasshopix-r, etc, everywhere as plentiful as need be for comfort. The kalydid, so well known by the peculiar shrill 
sound it produces, belongs to this order. The homoptera include a large variety of locusts, among which there is ono 
remarkable for remaining 17 years in the grub state. The htemnptora comprise many bugs injurious to vegetation, 
particularly the May bug, the lady-bug, the apple-tree blight, etc Tlie order of lepidoptera probably numbers not less 
than l,ODi.i species, and includes butterflies and moths, the size and brilliant colors of many being astonishing. Spiders, 
which range under the order aracbnidce, number 200 species, some of which are very large, and possessed of great beauty. 
The long-legs, the clawed-spider, the lick, the mite, the louse, etc., also belong to this order. The vermes, or worm family, 
and the animalculaj of the State, have not been seientiflcaily examined, but their species are as abundant and prolific as 
most per5'>ns could desire. One drop of " pure Croton," which is so extolled by the citizens of New York, is said lo contain 
myriads of organized beings ranging under these heads. 

Let us now take a view of man. The aboriginal inhabitants, formerly a great and numerous people, are now sleeping 
with their fathers, or pursuing their pleanires in the spirit-land of their creed. A small remnant, however, is still left in 
the Western counties of the State, but this seems lo be a mere wreck of former days. The present inhabitants are of 
Eiu-opean origin, and vastly diversified in their races and tongues. The English in their descendants predominate, and 
perhaps the Irish, Dutch, and German, are next in numerical proportion. The early enumerations are not sufBciently 
exact to make them of any account. In 1701, the population is stated to have been about 30,000 ; in 1731, 50,000 ; and in 
1750, 100,000. The census of 1771 exhibited the total population at 1G3,33S. The enumerations since taken under the 
authority of the United Stales at decennial periods, commencing 1790, exhibit more accurate returns, and furnish the 
following results : 



Colored Persons. 

Census ^\^lite , -> — 

Years. Persons. Free. Slave. 

1790 814,142 4,654. . . .21,324. . 

ISOO 556,039 10,374 SO-.-iW. . 

1810 919,699 25,-333 15,017. 

1S20 1,330,744 31.980 10,088. , 

1S30 1,S6S,061 44,870 

1840 2,37S,S90 50,027 , 

1850 3,049,181 47,914 



Total 
Population. 



Decern 



I Increase, 



u merical. 



Per cent. 



Total. 

..25,978 340,120 — — 

..30,717 6S6,756 W6,636 72.5 

..40,350 959.049 872.293 G3.4 

. .42,063 1,372,812 413,763 4.3.1 

75 44,945 1.913,006 540.194 82.0 

4 50,031 2,428,921 515.915 26.9 

— 47,914 3,097,394 668,473 27.5 

New York is divided into 59 counties, the general statistics of which, and the capitals of each, m 1850, were as follows ; 
Northern New York — 45 counties. 



Counties. 



Dwelt. 

. 12,747. . 

. 0.96S.. 

, 5,651.. 



Albany 

Alleghany .. 
Broome .... 
Cattar.au gus, 

Cayuga 

Chautauque 
Chemung... 
Chenango . . 

Clinton 

Cortland — 
Delaware... 

Erie , 

Essex 

Franklin . 
Fulton... 
Genesee . 
Hamilton 
Herkimer 
Jefferson , 

I^wis 

Livingston. . 

Madison 

Monroe 15,027. 

G6S 



"^"P- in cull. E.tab. C.pitala. 

93,279.. 2,903. ,893. .Albany 
3T,80S. .8jlT3. .291. .Angelica 
80,660. .2,497. .229. .Binghamplon 
6,".i0. . 83,960. .8,655. .299. .Ellicoteville 
9,259. . 55,453. .4,228. .60S. . A\lbum 
9,074. . 50,493. .5,163. .510. .Mayville 
5,095. . 2S,S21. .2.170. .321. .Elmira 
7,572. . 40,311. .4,406. .561. .Norwich 
40,047.. 2,095 



. 6,713. 
. 4,5S0. 
. 7,105. 
, 17,104. 
. 5.321. 
. 4.2:!3. 



.461. 



Plaltsburar 
25,140. .2,465. .203. .Cortland Village 
.59.834. .4,747.. 433.. Delhi 
100,993. .4,830. .CSS. .Buffalo 
81,143. .1,872. .199. .Elizabethtown 



25.102.. 1,647.. 129.. Malone 
8,7.30. . 20,171. .1,861. .233. ..Johnstown 
5,014. . 28,43S. .2,.">74. .199. .Batavia 

2,1SS.. 261.. 17..Morehouseville 
88,244. .2,723. .277. .Herkimer 
03,1.53. .5,490. ,630. .'Watcrtown 
24.564.. 2,374. . 67. .Martinsburg 
40.875. .2,503. .363. .Goncseo 
43,072. .8,845. .404, .Morrisvllle 
87,650. .4,113. .626. .Rochester 



. 407. 
. 6,664. 
. 11,920. 
. 4,624. 

7,172. 

8,193. 



Cuuiities. 

Montgomery 
Ni.agara .... 

Oneida 

<!>nond.aga . . 

Ontario 7,808 

Orleans 6,273 

Oswego 
Otsego 



Pwell 
, 5,85S. 

7,4:35. 
,10,751. 
15..335. 



r..p. 
,81,992, 
42.276. 



Fnrms 
inciilt. 

.1,833.. 

.8,148.. 



267.. Fonda 
8.3C..Lockp«rt 



4.3,929.. .3,053. 

2S,.501.. 2,271. 

11,064. .62,198.. 4,497. 

9,087.. 48,6:)8.. 4,764. 

73,363.. 2,930. 



Kensselacr ...10,972 

Sar.qtnga 7,894, 

Sih.Tieetady . 8,195, 

Schuharie .. . . 5.878. .38,548. .2,4-39. . 

Seneca 4,541. .25,441. .1,555. . 

St. Lawrence. 11,704. .63,617.. 6,124.. 

Steuben 11,210. .03,771. .5,797.. 

Tioga 4,442. .24,S80. .2,026. . 

Tompkins ... 7,103.. 83,746.. 3,198.. 

Warren 2,976. .17,199. .1,505.. 

Washington. . 8,04:3. .44,7.50. .3,037. . 

WajTie 8,074. .44,953. ,8.967. . 

Wyoming,... 8.91S, ..31,931,. 8,300. . 
Yates 3,784. .20,590. .1,673. . 



99,566 .. 6,293 . . 952 .. Rome 
95,890. .4.595. .1,410. .Syracuse 

205. .Canandaigua 
2S3.. Albion 
640.. Oswego 
330 . . CooperstowQ 
639.. Troy 
45,6t6. .8,465. . 849. .Ballston 
20,054. .1,040.. 107.. Schenectady 
243.. Schoharie 
240.. Waterloo 
456., Canton 
676,, Bath 
354.,Owego 
484.. Ithaca 
128.. Caldwell 
270.. Sandy HUI 
2.50.. Lyons 
299,. Warsaw 
165..PcnnYaii 



NEW YORK. 











Southern New York— 14 eounties. 










Counties, 


Pwell. 


Pop. 


F.irm3 
in cult. 


SI '^Tit^u. 


Ciiunties. 


Divell. 


Pop. 


Farms 
nic.iU. 


Man.i 
Kstab 


Cnpiiale. 


Columbia . 


. 7,029. 


43,073. 


.2,.5n. 


20S.. Hudson 


Queen-s 


6,230. 


86,833. 


.2,.303. 


89. 


• N. Hempstead 


Dufhess .. 


. 9,563. 


. 58,992. 


.3.20S. 


. 415. .Pouffhkeepsie 


Eiehinond . 


2,3:}4. 


16,061. 


. 212. 


.37. 


Uiehui'iutl 


Greene 


. 5,74S. 


. 33,126. 


.2,072. 


43.3..Calskill 


Rockhind . . 


8,ljn. 


16,963. 


. 683. 


144. 


.('larkflown 


Kings .... 


.15,8119. 


.13S,SS2. 


. 303. 


570.. Brooklyn 


Sutlblk .... 


6,745. 


30,922. 


.2,333. 


90. 


.Siiiiuik 


Kew York 


. .37.07". 


.515.547. 


. lOS. 


3,305.. New York 


Sullivan ... 


4,856. 


25,088 . 


.1,SS9. 


860. 


..Montieello 


Oranije 


. 9.6S6. 


. 57,145. 


.3,420. 


357.. Goshen 


Ul.«ler 


9.7.35. 


59.384. 


.3,539. 


441. 


. K iui.'.-'lon 


Pulnitiu . . 


. 2,425. 


. 14,1 3S. 


. 989. 


. S9..Carmel 


Westchester 


8,754. 


68,263. 


.2,587. 


396. 


.BedlorJ 



Till" whole number of <lwclling3 in the Slate, at the atiove date, was 473.93G, of families 560,'^(>f», and of intiabitnnta 
8,097,:i94. viz., whiles 3,049,457— males 1,^45,052, and feinnles l.r>ri4.405; fr. ool, 47.();57— maU-a 2-2,y7S, and f<iiial^-s 24.959. 
Of the whole pnpuhilion lliere were deii/tind tfii?iih~vfh. 1,207, fr. col. Id— total l,:i07; 7>/hi>l—'wh. 1,J'21. fr. col. 51— total 
1,27-2 ; iiLUi/ie—v^h. 2.544, fr.col. 3t)— toUiI 2,5S0; and i^fivt/c—wh. 1.721, fr.coL 1§— total 1,739. The number of rreepiTsona 
born in the Tnited States was 2.439,296 ; the number of foreign birth, 651,Sul ; autl of birth unknown. G,261. The native 
population originated as follows: Maine 4,509, N. Hamp. 15,519, Verm. 52,599, Mass. 55.773, R. I. 13,129, f'onn. GG,101, 
Neio York 2,151,196, N. Jer. 35.319. Penn. 26.252, Del. S99, Md. 39,533, Dist, of Col. 53S, Virg. 3.347. N. C;ir. ()73. S. Car. 
935, Ga. 510, Klor. 135, Ala. 1^, Miss. HU, La. 563, Tex. 46. Ark. 20, Tenn. 116, Ky. 3G9, Ohio 3,74:^, Mieh. 1,921. Iiid. 415, 
LI. 605, Mo. 173, la. 70, "Wise. 360, Calif. 7, Territories 53. The foreigyi populatinn was composed of persons from- En- 
gland S4,S20, Ireland 34-3,111. Scotland 23,418. Wales ~,5S2. Germany 11S,39.=:. France 12,515, Spain 461, IV.rlugal 194, 
Belgium 401, Holland 2.917, Turkey 12, Italy s:J3,^ustria US; Switzerland 1,S50, Russia 617, Di-nmark 429, Norway 392, 
Sweden 753. Prussia 2.211, Sardinia 0, Greece 0, China 34, Asia 66, Africa SO, British America 47,200, Mexico S3, Central 
America 29. S. America 179, "West Indies 1,06T, Sandwich Islands 40, and other countries 1,941. 

The statistics of the industry and institutions of the Slate, according to the returns of 1S50, are as follows: 

Occupml Lands, f^'.— Imjiroved farm lands, 13,408,968 acres, and unimproverl lands alfarhed, 6,7ln.l2ii acres- rained 
in cash at $554,546,642. Total number of farms under cultivation 1st June, 1850, 170,621— in the northern district, 143,749, 
and in the southern district, 26,872. Value of farming implements and machinery, $22,084,926. 

Live-Stock. —The number of live-stock or domestic animals at the two periods 1S40 and 1850, was as follows : 



TIeBcrJption. 

Horses 



■ ), 474,543 head \ ^^'**^-' ^^^^ \ 26,566 head, or 5.6 per cent 

. f I 963 " ( 



Mules and Asses. . 

Milch Cows 1 ( 931,324 " \ 

Working Oxen M,9il,244 " I ]7\9o9 " V 33,605 " or 1.7 " 

Other Cattle ' t 767.406 " ) 

Sheep 5,ll!^,:7T " 3,453.241 « 1,665..5.36 " or 32.5 " 

Swine 1.900,005 " 1,018,522 " SSl,:4:3 " or 46.4 « 

—the live-stock of 18.50 was ralued in the aggregate at $73,570,499. 

Products ofAniiimU. — Wool, 10,071.301 pounds : butter, 79,766.094 pounds ; cheese, 49,741.413 pounds ; and the value 
Of animals slaughtered in the year ha^rbeeu $13,573,983. The wool crop, according to the returns of 1840. amounted to 
9.^5.295 pounds : and hence the increase exhibited in 1850 was 226,006 pounds, or 2.3 per cent. The product, per fleece, 
in 1S40, was 1 lb. 14J oz. ; and in 1S50, 2 lb. 14i oz., or 52.1 per cent, increase. The butler produced is one-fuurth of the 
production of the United States; and the cheese produced one-half the whole. 

Grain 0'rt/>s.— Wheat, 13,121,495 busluds; rye, 4,148.1S2 bushels; Indian corn, 17,858,400 bushels; oats, 2C,.^52,814 
bushels: barley, 3.585.059 bushels; buckwheat, 3,183.955 bushels. In proportion to the crop of the United States, that 
of wheiit is approximately ovp-i-ighth, that of rye one-fourth, that of Indian corn one tJiirt //•■•second, ihat of oals more than 
on^'ftixt/i, that of barley two-thirds^ au'i that of buckwheat one-third of the aggregate. The comparison of the several 
crops in 1840 and 1S50, as returned by the censuses of those years, was as follows : 

Crop. 1S40. ISoO. Irirreasc. 

Wheat 12.286,419 bush 13,121,498 bush S3o,0S0 bush, or 6.S per cent. 

Rye 2,979.323 " 4,148,182 '' 1,168.859 " or 39.2 

Indian Com 10.972,286 " 17,858,400 " 6,886,1 14 " or 62.7 *' 

Oats 20.675.847 " 26,552,814 " 5,876,967 " or 28.4 " 

Barley 2,52o,';6S " 3,585,059 " 1,064.991 " or 42.2 " 

Buckwheat 2,2S7,8S5 " 3,183,955 " 1,896,070 " or S2.4 " 

Other Food (?roi)-9.— Peas and beans, 741 ,636 bushels ; and potatoes— Irish, 15,398,362 bushels, and sweet, 5.623 bushels. 
The j)oiato crop of 1S39, as exhibited in the census of 1S40, was 30,123,614 bushels, showing a decrease of 14,719,293 
bushels, or 48.8 per cent, in the subsequent decade. 

Mi.^ct'Uanpoits O-o/w.- Tobacco, 83.1 S9 pounds; hay, 3,728,797 tons; clover-seed, 88.222 bushels; other grass-seed, 
96,493 bushels ; hops, 2,536,299 pounds, being three-fourtlis of the aggregate crop of the Union ; heiini — dew-rolted, I ton, 
and water-rotted, 3 lons^flax, 940,577 pounds; flax-seed, 57,963 bushels; silk cocoons, 1,774 jxiunds; niajile sugar, 
10,357.484 pounds; molasses, 56.529 gallons; beeswax and honey, 1,756,190 pounds; wine, 9.172 gallons, etc. Value 
of orchard products. $1,761,950, or nearly one-fourth the value of these products in the Xlriiled Sl.atos ; and of market- 
garden priMlucts, $912,047, or more than an eighth the aggregate. On comparing the above with the returns of 1840, the 
following results are obtained : 

t:r<ij>«,plc. IS^O. la^O. M..vement. 

Tobacco 744 lbs 83.189 lbs ivcr. 82.445 lbs., or 11,081.3 percent 

Hay 3,127.041 Ions 3,72^.797 Ions incr. 601,756 long, or 19.2 " 

Hops 447,250 lbs 2,536.299 lbs. incr, 2,089,049 lbs., or 4-12. 

Hemp — licw-rotted j j 1 ton , 

" water-rotted ., 

Flax ) ( 940..57ribs. 

Maple Sugar 10,048,109 lbs 10,357.484 lbs. inrr. 309.375 lbs., or 3.1 

Wine 6,799 gals 9,172 gals iiicr. 2,373 gls., or 32,9 

569 



) ( It'^" I 

, V l,130Stons-j 3tons > (7<?<?r. 1,583,003 lbs., or 62.5 

. ) I 940..57ribs J 



NEW YORK. 



Sbme-made mwiu/actures were produced in the year endiug 1st June, 1S50, to the vulue of $1,280,333. Tlie same 
class of goods for the year antecedeut to the census of 1S40, were valued at $4,636,547. Decrease, ^,366,214, or 72.4 
per cent. 

Mamt/a ct tires.— CapUal invested, $00,000,000; value of ali raw material, fuel, etc., consumed, $00,000,000; hands em- 
ployed, 000,000— males 000,000, and females 00,000 ; monthly cost of labor, $0,000,000— male $0,000,000, and female $000,000 ; 
value of produels, $00,000,000. Number of manufacturing establishments in operation 1st June, 1S50, and producing to 
the value of $5o0 and upward annually, 23,823— in northern district 16,S77, and in southern district 6,940, and distributed 
to the counties as shown in the general table. Of this number 86 were cotton factories, 249 woolen factories, 942 tan- 
neries, and 401 manufactories of urou— 323 making cast iron, IS pig iron, and 60 wrought iron. The tola! capital invested 
in 1S40 amounted to $55,252,779. 

Capital invested in cotton manufactiwes, $4,176,920; cotton used, 37,77S bales; coal consumed, 1,539 tons; value of all 
raw material, fuel, etc, $1,9S5,973; hands employed, 6,320— males 2,632, and females 3,6SS; monthly cost of labor, 
$S3,943— male $45,244, and female $35,699 ; average monthly wages — to males $1S 3;3, and to females $9 CS ; annual 
products, 44,901,475 yards sheeting, etc., and 2,180,600 pounds of yarn— in all valued at $3,591,989. Capital in 1840, 
$4,900,772 ; hands employed, 7,407 ; value of goods produced, $3,640,237. 

Capital invested in woolen- ■mandjluiures, $4,459,370 ; wool consumed, 12,533,786 pounds ; value of all raw material, etc^ 
used, $3,j>38.292 ; hands employed, 6,674— males 4,262, and females 2,412 ; monthly cost of labor, $113,524— male $85,147, 
and female $28,377 ; average monthly wages— to males $21 46, and t^> females $11 41 ; cloth manufactured, 7,924,25*2 yards, 
and yarn, 261,700 pounds — in all valued at $7,030,004. Capital ia 1S40, $3,469,349; hands, 4,636; value of goods 
produced, $3,537,337. 

Capital invested in (annerie^, $5,025,143; value of all raw material used, $6,065,221; hands, 4,945— males 4,914, and 
females 31 ; monthly cost of labor, $103,464— male $41,245, and female $36S ; tanned— skins, 871,894, and sides, 3,415,724t- 
in all valued at $9,804,000. Capital in 1840, $3,907,348 ; hands employed, 5,579. 

In thu manufacture of 7nalt and spirituous liquors the capital invested is $2,585,900; quantities and kinds of grain, 
etc., consumed — barley 2,062,250 bushels, rye 9o9,067 bushels, oats 6,707 bushels, apples 60,940 bushels, molasses 24,500 
hogsheads, and hops 5S1 tons ; hands employed, 1,380 ; quantity of liquors produced— ale, etc., 644,700 barrels, whisky and 
high wines 9,231,700 gallons, and rum 2,488,800 gallons. 

The statistics of the iroti manu/actures in operation within the State, at the date of the taking of the seventh census, 
were as exhibited in the annexed table: 

Values, products, etc. Pig Iron. Cast Iron. Wrought Iron. TolaJ. 

Capital invested dollars... 605.000 4,622,482 1,131,300 6,:35S,7S2 

Ore used tons 46,385 — 44,642 101,027 

Pig u-on used " — 108,945 8,530 117.475 

Old metal used " — 3,212 — 3,212 

Mineral coal consumed " 20 22,755 13,908 36,633 

Coke and charcoal consumed.... bushels... 3,000,074 181,190 5,554,150 S,735,4U 

Value of all raw material, etc. . . . dollars . . . 821,027 2,393,768 838,314 3,553,109 

Hands employed number. . 505 5,925 1,037 7,46T 

Aver.nge monthly wages dollars. . . 26.80 27.49 26.00 — 

Products. tons 13.420 104,5SS 13,636 251,644 

Value of products dollars. . . 415,600 5,921,930 1,423,963 7,761,543 

—total capital in 1840, $2,103,413 ; hands, 8,456. 

Foi'elgn Commerce. — The imports from foreign countries in the yearendingSOth June, 1850, were valued at $111,123,524, 
and the exports at $52,712,789. Of the exports, $41,502,800 was the value of domesli£ produce, of whieh $33,934,409 
represented the value of merchandise carried in American bottoms, and $7,563,391 that carried in foreign bottoms; and 
$11,209,939 was the value of foreign goods reexported, of which $7,056,687 in American bottoms, and $4,123,302 in foreign 
bottoms. Of the imports, $35,147,721 was the value of merchandise brought in American bottoms, and $22,975,303. that 
brought in foreign bottoms. The statistics of the shipping employed in this branch of industry for the same year, exhibits 
the annexed aggregates : 

SnrPPtNG EMPLOYED IN TOE FOREIGN THADE, 1849-50. 
Entered. Cleared. Total. 



Nationality 



of Shipping. Vessels. T<iii8. Crews Vessels. Tons, Crews. Vessels. Tons. Crrws. 

American 4,137.... 1,502,290.,.. 59,010.... 8,010.... 1,411,557.... 55,575.... 7,747.... 2,91-3,847.... 114,585 

FOTeign 3,832.... 775,430.... 40,730.... 8,693.... 737,539.... 39,439.... 7,525.... 1,512,969.... 30,219 



Total 7,969.... 2,277,720.... 99,790.... 7.3ii3.... 2,149,096.... 95,014... 15,272.... 4,426,816.. 

viz. AUantic Ports. 3,165.... 1,145.335.... 44,213.... 2.612..,. 98:3,239.... 83,183... 5,777..., 2,129,124.. 
« Lake Ports... 4,804.... 1,131,885.... 55,577.... 4,691.... 1,165,807.... 56,831... 9,495.... 2,297,692.. 

The Atlantic portii are included in the collection districts of New York, Cold Spring, Oreenport, and Sag Harbor; and 
the lake and SL Lawrence ports, in the districts Oswego, Oswegatchie, Niagara, Cape Vincent, Sackett*s Harbor, IJulfalo 
Creek, Champlain. and Genesee. New York entered 3,163 vessels, 1,145,331 tons, and 44,166 men in crews, and cleared 
2,6u9 vessels, 982,478 tons, and 38,060 men, thus monopolizing the great bulk of the Atlantic trade. The relative import- 
ance of the Lake Ports is exhibited in the order observed in the priority of their arrangement in the list above noted. 
The tola! amount of shipping owned within the State at the period referred to, was 944,349 tons; registered (all belonging 
to the Atlantic ports) 453,903 tons— 375,955 tons of the class permanent register, and 82,943 tons temporary ; enrolled and 
licensed 473.556 tons — 334,790 tons in the Atlantic districts, and 88,766 tons in the lake districts; and licensed (under 20 tons) 
11,890 tons of the registered shipping, 36.148 tons were navigated by steam-power, and 6,029 tons were employed in the whale 
fisheries, Tlie proportion of the enrolled and licensed shipping employed in the coasting and river trade was 485,109— 
888,239 lorn in the Atlantic districts, and 97,870 tons in the lake district, an<l in the cod flsherica 337 tons. Of the coasting 
Bhipping there is employed in steam navigation, 94,809 tons— in the Atlantic districts, 64,191 tons, and in the lake districts, 
80,618 tons. As a ship-building State, New York is only second to iluiue. During the year 1349-60, there were built in 
570 



NEW YORK. 



Lhe Atlantic ports, chiefly at New Toriv city, 205 vessels, of an aggregate burden of 55,944 tons, and of these 2Gwere ships, 
S brigs, 44 schooners, 104 sloops and canal boats, and 28 steamers. In the ports of the lalvcs and the St. Lawrence, tho 
number of ships built was 22 (2,39S tons) — 1 brig, 6 schooners, 8 sloops, etc., and 4 steamers. Of the lalce ports, Oswego 
built ?iinf, EutTulo secen, Niagara two, and Genesee one. The movement of exports and imports for a series of years 
commencing ni)l and ending 1650, was as follows : 

Year. Kxiuirts. Iniiiorta. 

1791 ; $2,503,465 .... $ 

1T!)2 2.6:»,790 .... 

179.3 2,932,870 .... 

1794 5,442,183 .... 

1795 10,.3n4,.551 .... 

1790 12,208,027 .... • 

1797 18,303,064 .... 

179S 14,.300,S92 .... 

1799 18,719,527 .... ^ — 

1800 14,046,079 .... 

ISOl 19,851,1.36 .... 

1802 13,792,276 .... . 

1303 10,S1S,.3SI .... ■ 

1804 16,081,281 .... 

1805 23,482.943 .... 

1806 21,702,845 

1807 2i;,:>57,963 .... 

1803 .5,606,058 .... 

1809 12,581,662 .... 

1810 17,242,.330 .... 

Coasttni;, Lake, and TnUrnal Trade.— 'So other Slate in the Union has such fltcilities for ex-terual and internal 
commerce as that enjoyed by the State of New York. Favorably located with regard to its seaward outlet, and its 
immense lakes and noble rivers, the first bounding it outwardly, and the latter penctntting to its very centre, it seems as 
if it had been designed by nature for the proud preijminonce to wliich it has attained. Thousands of vessels are constantly 
traversing its waters, carrying freight valued at millions of dollars, and furnishing to every part, facilities for the inter- 
ciiange of commodities. It is also preeminent in its grand works of internal improvement— its canals, railroads, plank- 
roads, and turnpikes, while the magnetic telegraph extends in every direction, an instantaneous comraniiicator of infurnia- 
tion between the several commercial centres. The canals of New York are features in its economy wliich distinguish it 
from other States— they extend from the waters of tho Hudson to Lake Erie, a distance of 364 miles, and have branches 
in every direction : to Lake Champlain, to Lake Ontario, and several to the south, and others, more local in their utility, aro 
formed in \arinu3 parts. The traffic on the Erie Canal is imivense, and this forms the great highway between tha 
Western States and the sea-board. The Delaware and Ihnison Canal is chiefly used for the transportation of coal froia 
Pennsylvania. The railroads have a prescn' length of nearly 2,500 miles, and others are constantly being opened; and 
with regard to plank-roads, which for many purposes are equal to the railroad, almost every trade centre is connocteil by 
them with the producing regions. The turnpikes and the county and town roads are everywhere well kept, and in 
excellent condition. (For the details of the canals and railroads, see api'Endis.) 

RjnH.—(yn the 30th June, 1850, there were in the Slate, 192 banks and branch banks, and their financial coujitiou at 
that dale was .as follows : 

LlABELlTrcB. 

Capital $47,779,727 

Profits 8,113,064 

Notes in circulation not registered 615,703 

Kegistered notes in circulalion 23,598,,573 

Duo Treasurer of the Stale of New York 1,473,901 



Ymt. 


Expnrta. 


IiniKjrta. 


Ve.7r. 


E.i|iort8. 


Iiiiinirt-t. 


ISU... 


..$12,266,215 . 


.. * 


1S31... 


..$25,535,144 . 


..$57,077,417 


1812... 


.. 8,901,923 . 




1833... 


.. 20,01111,945 . 


... ,53.214.402 


1S13... 


. . 8,185,494 . 




1833... 


.. 25,39.5.117 . 


... 5,5,918,449 


1814... 


209,070 . 




1*34... 


.. 13,849,4i;9 . 


... 73.1^3,.594 


1S15... 


. . 10,6T.S.373 . 




1835... 


.. 80.:M.5,'J(U . 


... 8,8,191,305 


1816... 


.. 19,0!)O,0.31 . 




18:30... 


. . 28,920,038 . 


...118,2,5.3,410 


1817... 


.. 18,707,433 . 




1837... 


.. 27,838,419 . 


... 79,301,772 


1818... 


.. 17,872,201 . 




1838... 


.. 23,008,471 . 


... 08.453,206 


1819... 


.. 13,587.1178 . 




1889... 


.. 33,268 099 . 


... 99,882,433 


1820... 


.. 13,163.244 . 




1840... 


.. 84.264.080 . 


... 00,440,750 


1S21... 


.. 13,102,917 . 


.. 23.029,246 


1841... 


... 33.139,833 . 


... 76,713,436 


lv.'2... 


.. 17.100,482 . 


.. 86,445,628 


1842... 


.. 27,670.778 . 


... 57.875,;04 


1823... 


.. 19,03s,990 . 


.. 29,421,349 


1843... 


... 16,762,604 . 


... 3I,358,.510 


1824... 


.. 22,897,184 . 


.. 86,il8,72:5 


1S44... 


... 82,861,640 . 


... 65.079,510 


1825... 


.. 85,259,261 . 


.. 49.039,174 


1815... 


. .. 80,175.398 . 


... 70,9119,083 


1826... 


.. 21,947,791 . 


.. 88.116,630 


1S46... 


... 86,935.413 . 


... 74,254,283 


1821... 


.. 2.3,8:M.137 . 


.. 38,719.644 


1847... 


... 49,844.308 . 


... ,84,107.3.J2 


1R28... 


.. 22,777,649 . 


.. 41,927,792 


184S... 


... 63,351,1.57 . 


... 94.52,5,141 


1829... 


.. 20.119,011 . 


.. 84,743,307 


1849... 


... 4.5,90.3,100 . 


... 92,667,.3Ci) 


1830... 


.. 19,097,983 . 


.. 35,634,070 


1850... 


... 52,712,789 


...111,123,521 



Loans anil discounte $91,193,615 

L<tans and discounts to Directors 4.799,237 

All sums due from brokers 2,487,909 

Eeal estate 8,344,514 

Bonds and mortgage 3,009,163 

Slocks 12,027,494 

Specie 11,653,339 

Cash items 9,181,481 

Bills of solvent Banks on hand .3,071,749 

liue l'n)m solvent Banks on demand 10,551,966 

Due from sol^ eut Banks on credit 497,501 



Total resources (including tho above) $153,095,287 



40,091,465 

831,305 
22,180,537 
781,2,52 
Due to others 1,353,318 



Due depositors on demand 

Due individuals and Corporations other tli; 

Banks and depositors 

Due Banks on demand 

Due Banks on credit . 



Total liabUities (including the above) $153,095,287 



Gocernment, etc.— The constitution of New York was adopted in convention October 9th. 1846, and ratified by tho 
people on the 2d November following. 

Every adult white male citizen who shall have been such for ten days, a resident of the State for one year, of tho 
county for four months, and of the district for 30 days next preceding an election, may vote at all eleclions in his place of 
residence ; but no man of color is eligible ae an elecUir unless he shall have resided in the State for 8 years, be a freeholder 
to the value of $350 above all encumbrances for one year, and have paid taxes thereon. Persons convicted of infamous 
crimes, and persons betting on the result of an election, are liy law deprived of the franchise. The general election is 
held on the Tuesday succeeding the first Monday in November annually. 

The Legislature is composed of a Senate and House of Assembly ; the Senate consists of 32 members elected from 
single districts, and tho Assembly of 123 members apportioneil .among the several counties— senators are elected for two 
years, and a.sscmblymcn for one year. Every white male voter is eligible for election. Members of both hi.naes are paid 
$3 a day during Uieir session, and 10 cents for each mile of travel. No person holding office of profit under the State or 
United States can sit as a member. The Legislature meets at Albany on tho first Tuesday in January annually. 

571 



NEW YORK. 



F.r/'cntive poirerf are vested in the governor, who holds office for two 3'ear3. No person can be governor who lias not 
attaineil to the age of 30 years, nor unless a citizen of the United States and resident fiir the last five years of the State. 
The governor has the right to 'veto any act of the legislature, but a two-thirds vote subsequently legalizes the act. The 
lieutenant-governor is elected in the same way as the governor, and is ex-officio president of the senate, in which, how- 
ever, he has only a casting vote. On the demise or disability of the governor, he, am! after him the president of the 
senate pro Utmjifire, succeeds to the chair. The Secretary of State, comptroller, treasurer, attorney-general, etc., are 
elected fnr two years ; the three canal commissioners and three inspectors of State prisons for three years, one of each 
set of officers annually; and county, town, city, and village officers, for one year. 

The Judiciary of the State is composed of several courts provided for in the constitution : the court for the " trial of 
impeachments" is composed of the President of the Senate (who is president of the court), the members of the senate, 
and the judges of the courts of appeals. It is a court of record, and when summoned, meets at Albany, and has for its 
clerk and officers the clerk and officers of the senate ; if the governor be impeached, the chief judge of appeals, and 
not the rRutenautrgovernor, presides. Two-thirds of the members present must concur before a conviction can be had, 
and the judgment of the court extends only to removal and disqualification, the party adjudged being still liable to in- 
dictment. The court of appeals is composed of eight justices, of whom four are elected (one every second yeiir) by the 
people at large, and four selet^ted each year from the justices of the Supreme Court having the shortest time to serve. The 
judge (of those elected) whose term tirst expires, presides as chief judge, and any six of these judges constitute a quo 
rum. Four terms are held annually, and every two years there niust be one term in each judicial district. This court 
has power to correct and reverse the decisions of the suprenie court or of the old supreme court and court of chancery 
The supreme ccnirt lias general jurisdiction in law and equity and power to review judgments of county courts and old 
courts of common pleas. For the election of justices, the State is divided into eight districts, each of which elects four 
justices, to serve respectively eight years, one judge retiring every second year. The justice in each district whose term 
first expiree, and who is not justice of the supreme court, is the presiding judge, and the clerks of the several counties 
serve as clerks. One general term must be held annually in every county having 40,000 inhabitants, and in all others one 
term biennially ; and every county has at least two special terras and two circuit courts, except the county of New York, 
in which the circuit court has four sessions. Any tliree or more (including the presiding judge) hold the general terms, 
and any one or more the special terms, at which are heard all equity causes, and the circuit courts, which are held exclu- 
sively for the trial of issues of fact. The county or siu-rogate's courts have local jurisdiction only. Each county, except 
that of New York, elects one judge for four years, who acts also as surrogate ; but counties having 40,000 inhabitants elect 
a separate surrogate. The powers of the court extend to all eases when the debt or damages are not above $3,000; to 
actions for personal injury or trespass, where the claim is not over $500, and to replevins, where the properly claimed is 
not above $l,"uO, etc. Surrogates' courts have the ordinary jurisdiction of courts of probate. 

The criminal jnrisdiction of the State is vested in courts of oyer and terminer and courts of sessions. The court of 
oyer and terminer in each county, except that of New York, is composed of a justice of the supreme court, who presides, 
the county judge, and two justices of the peace chosen members. In New York county this court is composed of a 
jiistice of the supreme court and any two of the following officers: judges of common pleas of the county, and the mayor, 
recorder and aldermen of the city. Courts of sessions are composed of the county judge and two justices of the peace, 
designated as members. All these courts are held at the same time and at the same place as circuit courts. 

The civil courts of the city and county of New York are the superior court and the court of common pleas, the former 
of which has six justices, and the latter three justices. There is also the marine court, which has two judges. 

Federni Hfpresenttition.— In accordance with the law of 23d May, 1850, New York sends Viirty-two representatives 
to the United States Congress. 

Tlie miUtifi force of the State, in accordance with the United States Array Register for 1S51, consisted of 265,293 men 
of all arms, of which 7,662 were commissioned officers, and 257,631 non-commissioned officers, musicians, artificers, and 
privates. Of the commissioned officers, 99 are general officers, 315 general staff officers, 1,543 field officers, etc., and 5,705 
company officers. Every white male citizen, between 18 nnd 45 years of age, is liable to military duly, unless exempt by 
law or having paid the commutation tine. The volimteer and uniformed militia of the State, and especially of the city, is 
the best instructed body of soldiers in the Unif»n. 

New York has numerous hen^'ol^nt iiutitntion.t, many of wliich are partly supported from the public funds and partly 
from loeal sources. The principal of these are the Institution f'lr the Deaf and Dumb, and the Institution for the IJIind, 
both at New York City, the State Lunatic Asylums at Ulica, the New York City Hospital, ete; and besides these, almost 
every city has numerous similar institutions, which will compare well with those of the oldest European States. The 
number of pupils in the Institution for the Deaf and Dumb, on the 31st December, 1S50, was 227— 12S males and 99 
females; receipts |39,216 39, and expenditures $39,4S2 9S. The Institution for the Blind had 135 pnpils; receipts 
$30,117 85. and expenditure $2S,451 19. The State Lunatic Asylum had 449 inmates — '226 males and 223 females. 

Financefi.—'Y\\& general fund antl railroad debt, at the close of the fiscal year ending 30th Septemlwr, 1S50, was 
$6,359,093 32; and the canal debt at the same period was $16,171,109 16— in the aggregate $22,530,802 48, on which 
accrues annually nearly $1,235,360 interest There is also a contingent debt, consisting of State stock and controller's 
bonds of $933.i»36, (ipon which the State does not pay interest. This wiU make the total State debt, absolute and contin- 
gent, $23,463,838 64. 

The property of the State, in addition to the educational funds mentioned hereafter, consists of the works of internal 
Improvement, which at their cost valuation (/. a, the amount expended upon them to date), are worth $S5,115.2o7 75. 
lint the whole amount of tolls derived from them during the year was $3,254,051 71 — which gave, after deducting 
expenses, the net income of $2,650,206 49, which is G per cent, interest upon $44,170,103, a sum which in reality repre- 
sents the value of the works. The average ttpt annual intxime for the last five years is $2,518,044 87, which is equal to a 
capital of $41,967,414 50, at 6 per cent interest. The amount of debt incurred for their construction, and yet unpaid, is as 
stated above $16,171,109. The taxable properly in New York in ls4S. was $727,494,583, being $571,690,807 the assessed 
value of 27,912.076 acres of real estate, and $153,183,4?6 of personal estate. The State and county taxes amounted to 
$4,892,051, and the town Laxes to $1 .420,736 — t<»Uil $6,812,7^7 ; making the rate of State, county, and town taxes. 8.6 mills 
on a $1 valuation. The highest rate was 25.7 mills on $1 in ITamiUon County, and the lowest 3.1 mills in Ontario and 
Putnam counties. 

The revenue of the General Fund, on which are charged the ordinar\'expensesof govemmeat, for the year ejiding 30th 
September. ISoO. was $881,241 57, and the expenditures for the same period, $826,720 29~e;xcess of revenue, $54,521 S3. 
572 



NEW YORE. 



ThechiersourcesormcoiMwerc— auction duties, $85,909 09; salt duties, 1(144.3(34 0)3; fees of secretary's office, !f.;,l 10 Tl; 
peddlers' licenses, $1,700; foreign insurance companies. $S02 79; interest on arrears of county taxes, 5;4,27:> 19; surplus 
revenue of caniils (annual appropriation), $200,000; State tax, $272.422 '25; sales of lands, $3,700 S3; redeniptionof land 
sold for taxes, $34,230 47; arrears of county ta.\es, $25,04S 46; Columbia County, for enf.ircing law, $.'i,000 ; Duchess 
County, for ditto, $934 97; miscellaneous and temporary receipts, $31,S.M G7 ; and the principal ol.jects of expcn.lituro 
were : Executive expenses, $3T,6.'J4 C5 ; judiciary, $100,911 5S ; legislature, $90,007 99 ; ciumissary's deparliiicnt, 
$14,487 63 ; commissioners of code, $2,4.'J0 ; commissioners on praclico and pleadiui;, $2,silo 2s ; stale printing, 
$92,528 63; deaf and dumb, $25,784 10; blind, $11,918 So; agricultur.al societies, $0,107 : Onondaga Salt Springs, $29,027; 
Slate prisons, $S'2,376 97; Stale Library, $0,937 52; postage, $8,604 42; HospiUd at New York, $22,600 ; House of Uofuge 
for Western New York, $18,000: foreign poor, $20,000; orphan asylums, $5..'J00; New York Arsenal, $920 OS; genlog- 
icalsun-ey, $10,918 82; Altorney-general's Library, $1,499 49; miscellaneous ami temporary expendiluns, $sl,j33 48. 

The special funds held by the government in trust are the Bank Fund, the Free Bank Fund, and the Scl]o,>l Funil : 

The Bunk Fund is made up by annual contributions from the incorporated Safely Fund banks, of one half of one per 
cent, on their respective capitals, and is by law appropriated to the payment of llie debis of such banlcs, liable to cuilrib- 
nte tho same as may become insolvent. The fund has been exhausted, and there are $721,.330 11 of per cent, slock now 
oulstaniling to meet the wants of the fund— which stock, except $59,450 64 now in the treasury or investeil, is to be pro- 
vided for out of the future contributions by the banks to tlie fund. The wliole circulation redeemed for insolvent b:mks 
is $l,.'i03,740 64, and debts paid, $1,028,684 43— total $2,680,425 07. The aggregale amount of conlribulions up to 
January. ISOO, when all the safety fund bank charters expire, will be $994,226 CO. The notes of every insolvent bank 
have been redeemed. There are now (1850) 73 of these banks in operation, and one branch, the aggregate capital of 
which amounts to $27,664,860; circulation to which they are entitled, $22,161,870; and actual circulation, $20,009,178 50. 

The F/ee Sank Fund consists of bonds, and mortgages, ami stocks deposited with the Bank Ctximiissioner. and 
moneys received on the same and held by him for tiie redemption of the circulating notes issued by banks and individual 
bankers tinder the general banking law. The whole number of .assticialions is fit>venty-one, and of individual banka 
stort!/-/ive—m all 180, the aggregate capital of which (1st December, 1550) was $14,203,115; and tlie whole amount of 
deposits $14,823,087 46. 

Of Uie/«»(/.s derated to erhwation, the capital and revenue of each description for the year ending .3i)Ih September, 
1850, was as follows: "Common School Fund," capital $2,290,673 23, and revenue $123,090 78; llio " Uniled Slates De- 
posit Fund," capital $4,014,520 71, and revenue $255,323 85 ; and the " Literature Fund," capital $272,580 12, and revenue 
$87,948 12. Total— capital $6,578,074 06, and revenue $410,307 76. There has also been paid from the general fund for 
the instruction of the deaf and dumb, $25,784 10, and to the Institution for the Blind, $11,918 S5, making the whole sum 
paid during tile year for education, $454,070 70. The Common School Fund also owns about 301.759 acri'S of land, and 
the Literature Fund, about 10,880 acres. Of the funds devoted to education, as above what is exclusively the Coiumon 
School F^und, may be stated as follows : Productive capital of the School Fund, $2,290,673 23; such an ani'iunt from tho 
United States Deposit Fund as will produce $105,000 — the sum annually appropriated therefrom for the support of com- 
mon schools, at six per cent, interest, $2,750,000 — and sum reserved by the constitution to be added annually to the capita! 
of the School Fund, $25,000, making a total of $5,005,673 33. The annual interest on this sum, at six per cent., is 
$303,1340 39. The balance of the income of the United States Deposit Fund ($90,-328 85) is appropriated to the support 
of colleges, academies, the Normal School, Indian schools, teachers' institutes, etc. The income of the Literature Fund 
must, by the constitution, be applied to the support of academies. The whole amount of public money received from all 
sources by the commissioners of cities and town superintendents, during the year ending 1st July, 1850, was $1,035,854 85, 
of which was .apportioned to teachers' wages $730,793 12, and for libraries $91,303 90, leaving a balance apportioned for 
contingent expenses amounting to $213,092 S3. The amount paid on rate bills for teachers' wages besides public money, 
was $5' S.724 66. Total cost of supporting common schools, $1,544,579 41. 

Edutjation. — In the 878 towns and 81 wards of cities of the State, there were on 1st July, 1850, 8,394 common school 
districts, and 6,025 parts of districts; and returns were received from 3,336 whole, and 5,475 parts of districts. The average 
length of schools in all districts, 8 months. Volumes in district libraries, 1,449,950. Children taught during the year, 
794,500, and the number of children between 5 and 16 years of age returned, 736.188 ; of these 200,128 pupils attended 
schools less than 2 months, 193,022 less than 4 months, 107,732 less than 6 months, 106,100 less than 8 monlhs. ,59.315 less 
than 10 months, 18,455 less than 12 mcmlhs, and 9,079 12 months. In 52 schools for colored children there were 4,971 
scholars, and for the support of these $11,480 44 was appropriated. There were besides, schools for the inslruetion of 
Indian children in the several reservations; in 1849, 641 Indian children between 5 and 16 years of ago, were reported, 
and about 500 attended school; about 250 attend the Normal School at Albany annually, and on the Ist January, 1851, 
there were 220 pupils in the institution— 77 males, and 149 fem.ales. The whole number of graduates was 494—276 males, 
and 218 females ; and during the year then ending 9 Indian youth — 6 males, and 3 females — were taught, to prepare them 
for teachers among their own people. Teachers' institutes are held annually in the counties, but the reports say that of 
late a diminished interest in regard of them has been observed. 

Most of the large centres of popidalion have incorporated academies which are supervised by the Regents of the 
University ; and there are a large number of unincorporated academies, seminaries, and private schools, self-supporting. 
About 75.000 children are annually taught at the private institutions. 

The collegiate cstablishmenta within the State are also numerous and highly efficient as institutions of learning. The 
principal of these, including academic, law, medical, theological, etc., with their statistics in 18.50, are as follows : 

Namps Founded. Location. ProffssiTs. Ahimiii. Sliiilenls. I.ibrnrj'. 

Columbia (ffy/iV.) College 1754 N. York Cily 7 1,4.50 Ill 17,000 vols. 

Union College 1795 Schenectady 12 2,725 206 115,000 " 

Hamilton College 1812 Clinton 9 4.'j8 129 10,500 " 

Madison (S«p<.) University 1SI9 Hamilton 9 200 1'27 7,000 " 

Geneva (fyiMC.) College 1823 Geneva 5 131 42 5,400 " 

University of New York 1831 N. York Cily 11 8'20 150 4,000 " 

Bt. John's («. ft/tt.) College 1841 Fordham 16 43 05 12,C0C " 

St. Paul's (.ffpi/ic.) College 1837 College Point II 880 29 2,500 " 

University of Albany — Albany — — — — » 

673 



NEW YORK. 



Fo 'tailed. 



Localnu. Professors. 

Albany 3 , . . , 

N. York City G . . . . 

Geneva G 

N. York City 6 . . . , 

Albany 



852 ... 


... 219 ... 





98 ... 


... CO... 


... — 


597 ... 


. . . 421 . . . 


... — 


58... 


...114... 


... — 


83S... 


... 64 ... 


... 10,000 


211 ... 


. . . 106 . . . 


... 18.000 


BSO . . . 


... 80 ... 


. .. 6,000 


133 .. . 


. . . 82 , . . 


. .. 4,000 


52 ... 


... 5... 


.. 1,2,50 


143 ... 


... 11 ... 


... 8,200 



Kames. 

Law School — UnwersUy of Albany — 

College of Physicians and Surgeons 1607 

Medical Institute — Geneva College 1835 

Medical Fd^cxxMy—University of N. YorhlSZl 

Albany Medical College 1S30 .... 

Theological Institute, ProL Episc. Church 1S17 N. York City 6 

Union Theological Seminary 1S36 N. York City 5 

Theological Seminary of Auburn 1S21 Auburn 4 

Hamilton Literary and Theolog. Institute 1&'20 Hamilton 4 

Hartwick Seminary 1816 Ilartwick 2 

Theological Seminary, Asso. Ref. Church 1S36 Newburg 1 

There are numerous other local schools besides the above, as the ward schools of cities, various mechanics' schools, 
endowed schools, the Free Academy at New York and others, which are not included in the above returns, but which are 
nevertheless of essential utility in the field of education; aud with regard to literary, scientific, and artistic institutions, no 
other State in the Union is so amply provided with them. 

Puhlic Itbmries.— Three State libraries— 34,099 volumes; 21 social— 151,894 volumes; S college — 13.376 volumes; 
21 studcnt3'^10,319 volumes ; 171 academic and professional— 143,465 volumes ; 4 scientific and historical— 25,253 volumes 
8,070 public school— 1,33S,S4S volumes. Total S,29S libraries, and 1,756,254 volumes. 

Periodical Fress.—The whole number of periodicals published in the State, on the 1st Jimc, 1=^50, was 45S, and of these 
141 were whig, 110 democratic, and 207 neutral in politics, in the latter class being also included all litcrarj', religious, 
scientific, etc., periodicals, and all the character of which had not been ascertained. Of the aggregate number. 54 were 
published daily, 1 four times a week, 13 tri-weekly, 13 semi-weekly, 313 weekly, 13 semi-monthly, 25 monthly, and 3 quar- 
terly ; and the circulation at each issue of the dailies was 230,995, or 72,301,435 nnnually ; of the one published 4 times a 
week 1.100, or 223,800 annually ; of the tri-weeklics 36,975, or 5,763,100 annually ; of the semi-weekliee 30,365, or 3.157,960 
annually; of the weeklies 094,414, or 36,109.528 annually; of the semi-monthlies 78,500, or 1,SS4,000 annually; of the 
monthlies 433,750, or 5,205,000 annually; and of the quarterlies 6,150, or 24,600 annually; total copies at each issue 
J,512,249, or 124,679,423 annually. In the city of New York the periodicals numbered, 14 dailies, 8 serai-weeklies, 5S weeklies, 

8 Sunday papers, 5 semi-monthlies, 30 monthlies, and 2 quarterlies. In Albany County there are 5 d. and 9 w.; in 
Alleghany, 3 w. ; in Broome, 1 d. and 3 w. ; in Cattaraugus, 5 w. ; in Cajniga. 1 d.. 5 w., and 1 m. ; in Chaulauque, 9 w. ; 
in Chemung, 9 w. ; in Chenango, 4 w. ; in Clinton, 8 w. and 1 m. ; in Columbia, 1 d., 6 w., and 1 s.-m, ; in Cortland, 5 w. ; 
in Delaware. 3 w. ; in Duchess, 6 w. ; in Erie, 6 d., 1 four times a week, 4 t.-w., 1 8.-w., 10 w., and 2 m. ; in Essex, 8 w 
and 1 m. ; in Franklin, 2 w. ; in Fulton, 2 w. ; in Genesee, 4 w. ; in Greene, 3 w. ; in Herkimer, 4 w. ; in Jefferson, 5 w. ; 
in Kings, 8 d. and 8 w. ; in Lewis, 8 w. ; in Livingston, 6 w. and 1 s.-m. ; in Madison, 5 w. and 1 s.-m. ; in Monroe, 3 d., 

9 t.-w.^ 10 w., 2 s.-m., and 2 m. ; in Montgomery, 6 w. ; in Niagara, 1 d. and 4 w. ; in Oneida, 4 d., 13 w., 2 s.-m., aud 

1 m. ; in Onondaga, 4 d., 1 s.-w., 13 w., 1 s.-m., and 3 m. ; in Ontario, 5 w. ; in Orange, 2 s.-w., 6 w., and 1 q. ; in Orleans, 
4 w. ; in Oswego, 2 d. and 6 w. ; in Otsego, 4 w. ; in Putnam, 1 w. ; in Queens, 5 w. ; in Rensselaer, 3 d., 4 w., and 1 m. ; 
in Richmond, 1 w. ; in Rockland, 2 w. ; in St. Lawrence, 7 w. ; in Saratoga, 8 w. ; in Schenectady, 2 w. ; in Schoharie, 

2 w. ; in Seneca, 4 w. ; in Steuben. 5 w. ; in Suffolk, 1 s.-w. and 6 w. ; in Sullivan, 3 w. ; in Tioga, 2 w. ; in Tompkius, 1 d. 
and 2 w^ ; in Ulster, 5 w. ; in Washington, 7 w. ; in Waj-ne, T w. ; in Westchester, 5 w. ; in Wyoming, 2 w. ; and in Yates, 

3 weeklies. 

lieligioua Denominations,— T\\q statistics of the several religious denominations, in 1350, were as follows : 





«o. ..r 


Cliiiroh 


Value of 


Denomina- 


No. (.r Cl.LJr.li 


Value c.r 


Dpi...nii.ia- No. of 


Cli..rcl. 


Vali.e ol 


tions. CI 


un-Iies 


acci'm. 


Pr..|ierl.v. 


tians. 


ChurclieB. acfotn. 


Property. 


t.ona. Cliurclie*. 


ac.'"(Ti. 


Pr..perly 


Baplisl 


7T6. 


384,274. 


$2,252,350 


Germ'n Ref 


1.. 600. 


$15,000 


E. Catholic. 174. 


122,588. 


$1,569,875 


Christian.. 


62. 


20,000. 


76.1560 


Jewish 


9.. 5,600. 


126,000 


Swedenb'g.. 2. 


450. 


1,400 


Congreaafl 


214. 


102,4.30. 


7T9.3IU 


Lutheran. . . 


80.. 87,870. 


252,200 


Tunlicr — .. 


— . 


— 


Dutch Rcr. 


282. 


131,025. 


8,M2,S50 


Mennonite. 


4.. 1,01)0. 


2,0,W 


Union 74.. 


27,879. 


110,800 


Episcopal.. 


2T5. 


138,965. 


4,110,824 


Methodist. . 


1,215.. 478,145. 


2,885,548 


Unitarian. . . 22 . . 


10,225, 


292,075 


Free 


15. 


4.001. 


28,700 


Moravian. . 


8.. 1,500. 


36.000 


Universallst. 110.. 


62,470. 


327,100 


Friends. .. 


182. 


49,314. 


809,380 


Prcsbytcr'n. 


602.. 869,314. 


4,847,206 


Minor Sects. 22.. 


8,500. 


&t,900 



— mailing a total or 4,084 churches, accommodating 1,890,229 persons, and valued as property at $21,182,707. The State 
constitutes two dioceses of the Protestant Episcopal Cliurrli, viz., tlie diocese of New Tork, and the diocese of Western 
New York : and in the Roman Catliolic Cliurrh, it constitutes llio dioceses of BulTaio and Albany, and the arch-diocese 
of New Torli, in the latter of wliich. East New Jersey Is inchiil.'d. 

Pauperism and Crime.— The wliolc numlier of paupers that received assistance and support witliin the year ending 
1st June, IS.iO, was 59,855, of whom 19,275 were nativc-l>orn and 40,580 foreign-born; and tlie whole number receiving 
jHiblic charity at that date was 12,833, of wliom 5,7.55 were nalivc-tiom and 7,078 foreigners. Annual cost of support 
$S17,.336. In the above, the foreign paupers under charge of the Commissi.mers of Emigration are not accounted for, as 
they are chargeable on a special fund raised by capitation tax on themselves. The number of eonviclions in courts of 
record in the year 1849, was 1,531—1,437 males, and 94 females : offenses against tlie person, 897— ,'585 males and 12 
fem,ales', offenses against property, with violence, 150—146 males and 4 females: offenses against property, without 
violence, 545—500 rnales ami 45 females : offenses against the currency, 37 (all males) : and olher offenses, 404—371 males 
S3 females. The ratio of convictions of f.'males to those of males is as 1 to 15.1S. T'p.>n c.mvictions, 4 were sentenced 
to be hung, 5-lo to the State prison, 51 t.> House of Refuge, 299 to the local prison, 32 to be flne.l and im|irisoneil, 565 to 
fine, and the sentences of 33 were suspended. The Slate prisons are at Sing Sing, Auburn, and Clinlon. The whole 
number of convicts in these on the 31st December, 1849, was 1,.1S4 ; received during the ye.ar, 600, and discharged-by 
cxpir.alion of sentence, S.^^ ; by death by disease, 80; by accidental death, 3; by escape 9: by par.l.m, 45; by habeas 
corpus, 4; to House of Refuge, 2; to Lunatic Asylum, 10; to other prisons, 17— in all, 472. Remaining in prison 1st 
December, IS.-.O, 1,611. Of the 600 admilled, 685 were first convictions. 66 second, 7 Ihird, and 2 fourlh convictions. 
The daily average of all these prisons was 1,556. The whole number of punishments in all the male pri.sons was 613— 
in Auburn 1 in 21, in Sing Sing 1 in 35}, and in Clinton 1 in 28}. Average cost of each ration— at Sing Sing 8.6 cents, 
at Auburn 6.7 cents, and at Clinton 8.8 cents. Of the 1,011 remaining in prison, 11 were committed for murder, 41 for 
674 



NEW YORK. 



manslanErhter, G9 for assault with intent to kill, 44 for rape, 24 for assault to commit rape, 353 for burgliiry, hi^.J for grand 
larcpny, S2 for rol'bery, 104 for petit larceny, and 31 for counterfeiting and uttering. A common Englisti educaiion has 
been given to 472 of th&se convicta. The receipts from labor at the prisons amounted to $21fi,GS0 80 : from Hing Sing 
$99,539 70, from Auburn $79,573 11, and from Clinton $37,507 55; and tbe expenditures to $204,680 48: at 8iiig Sing 
$95,S2S 04, at Auburn $71,164 OT, and at Clinton $37,093 97. 

UiHtorical Sketch. — Verrazano, a Fiorenllue, in the service of France, is said to have discovered New York Bay in 
1524; but the history of the State commences with tho arrival of Hudson, an Englishman in the Dutch service, in 10(19, 
who ascended the river, bearing his name, as far as the x^^^sent site of Albany. The country thus discovered was in- 
habited by the MohawlvS, a formidable and warlike tribe, and tho Manhattans, who Inhabited the islaiul on wbicli New 
Tork city is built, were also a fierce and warlike nation. In IGIO, a slii[» was sent from Am^trrdain to trade willi tJieae 
Indians, and other voyages were made during the succeeding years. In 1013, small trading firtswerc en-clrd nn the 
river, and several houses were built on Manhattan Island. On the 21)th March, 1614, the Slates' Genend of ilic United 
Netherlands passed an ordinance granting to all original discoverers of lands in North America the exclusive privilege of 
making four voyages to each, for the purposes of trade. Under this ordinance five ships were dispaJchcd the same year 
by a company of merchants. They cxphircd extensively the coast near New York. Blok. one of ihe cointnand-Ts, dis- 
covered and named Ulock Island, ^l^uUl I'f Khodo island, and also the KastKiver, and Captain Mcy. prciccediiig south- 
ward, discovered capes May and llenlnpen ; and on the return of these ships, a Captain Henrickson was left on the 
coast to prosecute discoveries. Tlie country extending between the Connecticut and Delaware rivers received the name 
of New Netherlands, and the exclusive right to trade there for three years from that dale (11th October, 1014), was granted 
to the discoverers, who, upon the passage of this grant, tbrmed themselves into a company called the United New Nether- 
lands Company. This company erected the same year a fort and trading house on an island just below the ])reseut city 
of Albany, and garrisoned it with ten or twelve men. Another fort was erected on the southern point of Manhaltan Island. 
The grant expiring in ISIS, the company petitioned for its renewal in vain. Private traders, hcwevcr, contiuued to 
visit the country for the purposes of traffic. 

In June, 1621, was passed the charter of tho Dutch West India Company, an anned mercantile association. This 
company sent out a ship called the New Netherlands, on the 2Dth June, 1023, to their newly acquired possessions, under 
the direction of Mey, already noticed, and Tienpont. The former of these proceeded to the Delaware, ami ehtal>Itshe<l a 
fort near the present town of Gloucester, which he named Fort Nassau, and the same year a fortified pusl, called Fort 
Orange, was erected on the site of Albany. In 1024, Peter Minuit having been appointed director, arrived out with 
several families of Walloons, inhabitants of the frontiers of Belgium and France. These settled on a bay of Long Island, 
and called from them "Wahlebocht, or bay of foreigners, a name since corrupted into "VYallabout. Tlie govrrniuent was 
Tested in the Director and a Council of Five. The other important officer of the colony was the Schont Fiscal, who filled 
both the offices of sheriff and attorney-general. Under the sujierintcndence of these authorities the traric of llie colony 
prospered. In 1626, Staten Island was purchased of the Indians, an<l in the same year Manhattan Islamt was purchased 
for twenly-five dollars. The fort upon this latter island received the title of Fort Amsterdam, and the colony that of New 
Amsterdam. The exports this year amounted $19,000. In 1G2T, the settlers of Plymouth Colony set nj) a claim to tho 
region w.atered by the Connecticut, which the Dutch denied. Up to 1829, the settlements were simply trading posts. On 
the 7th Jime, 1029, a measure was adopted which is still felt in the State, and under this extensive 8eign<nies, with feudal 
righls, were granted to certain individuals. Active exertions were now made to colonize these vast estates. In 1032, 
Miiuiit was recalled, and tbe government of Wouler Yan Twillcr inslaUe<l. and al^er a lapse of Ave years of uial-adininis- 
tratioii, Twiiler was succeeded by 'William Kieft. During the administration of Twiller, difficulties arose between the 
English sctllers, on the Connecticut, and the Dutch authorities. In 1G3S, the restrictions which had hiiherto been placed 
by the company upon trade were taken off and free traffic encouraged. This measure gave a new impulse to innnigra* 
tion. Persecution, too, drove many from New Englaml and Virginia to settle among the more toUrant Dutch. In Ihe 
meantime the aggressive disposition of the English contlmied. They founded a colony at New llavtn. oi-ciijiied the 
Tunxis (Farmington) Valley, and even went so far as to plow aiid snw the company's land around Fort Gnod Hope, at 
Hartford. liemonstrances were vain. Not satisfied with these encroachments, the Plymouth Company granted the whole 
of Long Island to the Earl of Sterling, and a settlement was soon after effected by Lyon Gardiner, at Gardiner's Island 
The Dutch, meanwhile, were active in establishing settlements at the western extremity of the island — in Bri i/rk'h'ii, at 
GoivaiiJitts^ and Gra-venzande. In May, IGIO, eniigrauLs from Lynn, JffinsachmettN, settled on Cow Neck, but wero 
driven off by the authorities. In the autumn of the same year, however, they returned, and fonndeil llie towns of South* 
ampton and Southold. The Indians saw, with daily increasing envy and dislike, the heritage of their fathers thus falling 
from them. Wnv was the consequence, which desolated the colony for five years. In 1045, I'elcr Stnyvesaut became 
governor, and only terminated his administration by the capture of his colony by tho English, on the 6ih Sciitmiber, 1GC4. 

The name of the colony and city was now changed to that of New York, and Colonel Nichols was appointed by the 
Duke of York, to whom the territory had been granted by the King, as governor. On the 12ih June. UitlO, Ihe governor 
granted a rharter to the city of New York. The colony was recaptured by the Dalch on the 7lh Ausrusi, 1073. The name 
of the cily was now changed to New Orange, that of Albany to Willi.unstadl, and the fort pn-vioysiy calk-tl Fort .Iamc8 
to William llendrick. Captain Anthony Colve was appointed governor. Tbe country, howrver, was not dcstim-d to be 
Dutch, for by Ihe treaty of 9th February, 1674, it w.as restored to Ihe Emrlish, and given ui) the lollowing autuum. 

Sonie<loiiMs existing relative to the valiillty of the Duke of York's palt-nl, both on account of Ihe Dutrh (.ccujiancy and 
tlie fact that it was wrested from that nation in time of peace, he deemed it advisable to obciin a mvw pai-nt from hig 
brother, the king, in 1764. In the autumn of that year Major Edmond Andros, afterward so -.vi II known :is the tyrant of 
New ICngland, arrived in New York and assumed the oflice of Governor. In February. Iii^i. Ihe duke ascended the 
tlirone, under the title of James II., and among the fir.st acta of this bigot were his inslrnclinn^ to allow no ])rinling press 
to be csiublishcd in the colony. But his reign was short, having been put an end lo by lln- iiivohiiion of Ifi'-S, and the 
proclamation of William and Mary as heritors of the throne. Ko imjioriant event o[-( nrrcd iV-oi this litne for many years. 
In 1741 occurred the negro plot, so famous in the annals of New Yt>rk. In lT4t war was de -lan-d between England and 
France, and the colonists prepared to carry it on with vigor. In 1745 New England and y.rw York- united in an attack 
upon the French fortress at Louisburg, and New York furnished ten pieces of cannon antl fS.ODO toward the expedition. 
It was surrendered in July of that year. The colonies were so severely molested during itie year 174G by ihe Indians in 
pay of tho French, that it was determined to attack Crown IN.int and Niagara, and to capture Ouebec. For this purpose 
New York raised £40,000. The enterprise proved unsuccessful, an-1 the peace of Aix la Chatielle was concluded in 1748. 

.'>7& 



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For a few yeanj alter this the colony prospered, and began lo recover from its losses by the wars. In 1754 a convention 
from all the colonies north of Mason and Dixon's Line raet at Albany, to devise some plan of common defense againat the 
French, who had again commenced hostilities. At this convention, Dr. Franklin, afterward so eminent in the history of 
llie lievoUUion, proposed a plan of political union. In the spring of the following year an expedition was sent against 
^ort Du Quesne, but entirely failed, Braddook, the leader of the e.vpedition, having been killed. Nor was tlii^ campaign 
of 1756 more successful. In 175S William Pitt was placed at the head of the Knglish government, and a new impulse was 
given to the energies of the nation. Succ^'ss soon followed. Forts Frontenac and Du Quesnc weru captured, Slimuluted 
by these successes, New York, in 1759, raised $625,000 and a force of 3,6s0 men. Ticouderoga was captured early in the 
Beason. and Crown Point surrendered a few days later. Fort Niagara was reduced, and on the VMh September the brave 
General Wolfe laid down his life, in the moment of victory, when the English banners floated over the towers of tjucbcc 
The ensuing year the French made an unsuccessful effort to recapture Quebec, and on the 8th September all the French 
possessions east of the Mississippi were surrendered to the British, and the Frem-h power extinguished. Two small islands 
off the southern coast <tf Newlbundland alone were ]>ri'served to them of their former vast possessions. About this time 
the difiBcullies between New Hampshire and New York commenced, respecting their respective hmits, which only ceased 
with the admission of Vermont into the Union after the Revolution. The imposition of the Stamp Act, in 17G4, and the 
other atrocities of the British Government which followed it,4ind which led to the overthrow of the British power in the 
colonies, need not be enlarged upon in this connection, being a part of the general, history of the Union. On the first 
Tuesday in October, 1765, a congress, composed of delegates from the New England and Middle Slates, assembled at New 
York, lo take into consideration their grievances. South Carolina had also delegates. This congress made declaration 
of the i)rivilegcs and rights of the colonies. Liberty-poles had, at this period, been frequently erected in New York city, 
and as often been destroyed by the British soldiery. On the 5lh September, 1774, a congress from several colonies raet at 
Philadelpliia, in which, however, New York was not represented. In April, 1775, a provincial convention met at New 
York, and elected delegates tn the second congress. The news of the battle of Lexington caused great excitement in the 
city, and the arms of the city were ordered to Boston, but seized by the authorities before their shipment. The war had 
now commenced. Ticonderoga, Crown Point, and Whitehall, in this State, were captured by the provincials, and the 
entire command of Lake Champlain was obtained. On the 9(h Jnly, 1771, the provincial congress met at While Plains, 
and look the title of Eepresentativcs of the State of New York. On the first day of their meeting they received the 
Declaration of Independence, and immediately passed a resolution approving it. The fortunes of the continental army 
ft-om this time to the acknowledgment by England of the will of the sovereign people were various, and in New York were 
fought many of the famous battles of the period— those of Brooklyn Heights, Harlem Heiglits, Bemis' Heights, Stony Point, 
Ticonderoga, Fort Schuyler, Stillwater, and Saratoga, at the last of which Burgoyne surrendered to the Americans. 

On the 12ih March, 1777, a constitution for the State of New York was reported by a. committee of the provincial con- 
gress, an<l on the 20lh April ensuing was adopted as the basis of the government. Under the new constitution George 
Clinton was elected Governor. At this time there were fourteen counties in the State, viz.. New York, Pachmond, King's, 
Queen's, Suffolk, Westchester, Duchess, Orange, Ulster, Albany, Tryon, Charlotte, Cumberland, and Gloucester. The 
last l«vo, together with part of Albany and Charlotte counties, were within the limits of the present State of Vermont. In 
1790 Uie difficulties which for so long a time had existed between New York and Vermont were amicably adjusted, and 
New York, in its present limils, entered upon her career of greatness, untrammeled by fratenial animosities. In 17[il the 
industry of the State received a new impulse from the organization of a society for the promotion of agriculture, aru^, and 
manufactures. The next year companies were organized to improve the navigation of Ihe Hudson and Mohawk Ilivers, 
and open canals to Lake Champlain and Ontario. In 1S07 Robert Fulton made his first trip with the Clermont, the first 
steamboat which ever plied successfully on the waters. In this enterprise he was aided by Robert K. Livingston, one of 
the most dislinguished statesmen of the nation. The war of 1S13-15 soon followed. On the 24th of December. 1S14, the 
treaty of Ghent was signed, and peace again restored the land to its wonted prosperity. Of the events which have hap- 
pened since the war there are many living witnesses, and a brief notice only is requu-ed. The canal project was revived, 
and in ISIH the subject was brought before the legislature, and in 1S17 the Erie and Champlain canals were commenced. 
The first w:is completed in 1S25, and the latter in lS2:i. In 1S35 a law was passed, ordering the enlargement of the Erie 
Canal. Railroads had already been commenced in the State. Both have been since prosecuted with untiring energy, 
and these works have no doubt had a mighty influence on the prosperity of the country. In 1S21, and also in 1S46, the 
fundamental laws were revised, and many important additions made to them. As a State, New York staads at the 
head of the American Union. 
AxBANY, on the right bank of the Hudson, 145 miles above New York city, is the political capital of the State. 



New York, city and port of entry. New York co., iV. Y. : 
Situated at the head of New York Bay, and at the conflu- 
ence of the Hudson r. and the strait called East r., which 
connects the bay with Long Island Sound. The city and 
county have the same limits, comprising the whole of Man- 
hattan, or New York Island, which has an extreme length 
of m m., and an average >vidth of 1 3-5 m. Its greatest 
breadth is on the line of Eighty-eighth Street, about 2i m. ; its 
area is about 14,000 acres. U is separated from the main land, 
in Westchester County, by Harlem r., a navigable water- 
course 8 m. long, connecting the Hudson and East rivers. 

The latitude of the City Hall (J m. from the Battery) is 
40° 42' 40" N. ; its longitude is 740 01' OS" W. from Green- 
wich, and 3^ 00' 22" E. from Washington. Its distance by 
the moat direct railroad from Albany is 145 m. ; from Boston, 
23C m ; from Philadelphia, 87 m. ; from Baltimore, 1S5 m. ; 
from Washington, 228 m. ; from Cleveland 503 m. ; from 
Cincinnati, 7oS m. ; from Chicago, 8515 m. ; and from Alton, 
vitt Chicago (SU Louis Irom Alton 20 m. by steamboat), 
I4I8 miles. 
570 



New York has a greater population, commerce, and 
wealth than any other city in the United States, and is sur- 
passed in importance by only two other cities in Europe, 
namely, London and Paris. For facility of examination 
and reference, its description and statistics will be given in 
the following order. 

Siir/uce.—Thc island was originally much diversified, and 
in its upper ])ortion, where least populated, it still retains 
somewliat of its original character. With the increase of 
population, improvements have been made according to an 
uniform system, in laying out avenues and streets, grading 
them, providing sewerage, etc. The ground rises from 
each river with gentle ascent, thus forming a central ridgo 
tiiroughout nearly the entire length of the islauil. A con- 
siderable portion of the lower part of Ihe city, particularly 
that near the rivers, is made ground. The Battery, a public 
park of 10 acres, at the S. extremity of the city, was built 
upon a low ledge of rocks, much beyond the original water 
line. 

Formation. — The soil Is a sandy alluvium, and less fertile 



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tbao in many other parts of. the State. Its basis is princi- 
pally gneiss, but the iiorlli part of the island is composi'tl of 
granular and priinilive limestone, wliicb is mnrli qiianied. 
In many partd iJie limestone is at thf snrlace, and ocfupies 
lar£;o patches. On the "\V. side of the city, not far fruni the 
Hudson r., between 50Lh and Guih strcets^nd in some other 
parts, a number of streets are cut through tliis limestone. 
Ejitent vf Houses^ tM— In April, 1S53, the city was com- 
• pactly buiit from, the Battery to -lid street, 4 mlh'S. Tlic 
density of population is least in the npper portions of tjie 
city, but is increasing with astonisliing rapidity. A very 
great impulse has latefj' been given to this increase by tlic 
s:de of lui'ge tracts of ground, lately held by the cil^ and by 
the erection <ifllieCrvstal Palace, adjoining the Croton Ees- 
Gr\oir, in Sixth Avenue, between 40lh and 42d streets. 

/*/aH.— The general plan of the city is regular. In the 
lower and business portion, the streets were laiil out to suit 
tlie shape of the island, and though the plan is not unifurm, 
its general divisions are regular, with wide streets, crossing 
al right angles. At Houston Street (1 mile from City Hall, 
ami IJ- m. from the Battery) commences the uniform plan 
t, of avenues aiid streets. Above this point, the entire island 
is divided longitudinally by 14 parallel avenues, 100 feet 
wide, which are crossed at right angles by 156 streets, nu- 
merically designated, running direct from river to river, 
which are SO feet wide, except 16, which are 100 feet wide, 
of which 14lh street is the first that extends entirely across 
Uie island. The principal street is BroadMay, particularly 
that portion of it which occupies the central ridge of the 
island, extending from the Battery northwardly in a direct 
lino nearly 2^ m, to Tenth Street, Grace Church. This 
splendid street, one of the finest in the world, has an uniform 
width of SO ifeet, is well paved, and contains many of the 
most splendid edifices of the city. 

Public Paries. — The public grounds of New York are not 
commensurate with its extent and wealth. However, be- 
cause of its peninsular situation, these are less necessary 
than in most large cities. Of late there has been some agi- 
l^ti'tn of a liroject to provide a great public park in the upper 
part of the citwjjut as yet the eitv authorities have taken no 
definite action on the subject. TTie number of city parks is 
13, which have an aggregate area of ITO acr»'S. Of these 
the following are the principal grounds: the Battery, at tlte 
S. extremity of the city, of irregular form, containing loj 
acres, is in summer a delightful and much frequented resort, 
fitnnod by the breezes from the bay, and well shaded with 
large trees. The Park, fronting on Broadway, in firm 
nearly triangular, has lOJ acres, adorned by shade-trees 
and abeantiful fountain. It contains the City Hall, the Hall 
of Records, the new City Hall, and other pul>lic buildings— 
(of which see subsequent description.) Washington Square, 
2i m. from the Battery, lies W. of Broadway, containing 9^ 
acres, neatly laid out, and aboimding with shade-trees, is a 
favorite promenade and resort for military j)aradc, as is 
also Tompkin's Square, lOJ acres, E. from Broadway. The 
■otlR-r parks in the upper portions of the city, are Union 
Place, containing Z\ acres; Stuyvesant Square, 3J acres; 
Madison Square, 65 acres; Blooraingdale Square, IS acres; 
Hamilton Square, 24 acres; Observatory Place, 25i acres; 
Manhattan Square, 19 acres ; and Mount Morris, 20 acres. 

BminenH Locations. — The upper portion of the city is 
principally composed of residences, while the lower, or 
^ southern parUrOccommodates the great bulk of commcree 
and general trade. The priucipaVbusiness portion lies south 
of Pulton Street. Wall Street is the focus of the great 
monetary operations, and in this locality the principal spec- 
ulations in slocks, b<mds, houses, lands, and other merchan- 
dise, arc carried dh. It is occupied by bankers, brokers, 
insurance comi)anies, etc., and contains also the Merchants' 
E.xchange and Custom House. At its head stands Trinity 
Chunh. tlie noblest ecclesi:istica] edifice in the land. South 
Street is occupied by the principal shipping-houses, and the 
ofllces of several of the principal packet lines. West Street , 

37. 



also has the same charal^^i sties, but not to so great an 
extent. The dry goods, jobhing^anrl iini»orling business, 
formerly confini'd to Pearl Street, has exti-nderl to William,' 
Broad, Pine, Cedar, Liberty, etc. On Water and Front 
streets, and vicinity, are the wholesale gnx-ers, commission 
merchants, and mechanics, connected ^vilh the shipping 
l)usiness. Broadway is not less an avenue of busiiu'ss tlian 
the promenade of beauty and fiishion. Its lower part is 
now almost all taken up by splendid stores ami war^dwiuses. 
It contains the ctiief book-stores, jpwelry, upholstery, hat 
and cap, t;iUoring, millinery, rcLad dry goods, and other 
like establishniL-nts. In Cedar Street, just otT Broadway, ia 
the farnous Map and Geographical Emporium of 



No. 
86. 



J. H. COLTON, 



I No. 
I Sc. 



the largest and most varied in the Union. Gmnd Street and 
Catherine are dqvntL'd to heavy dry goods and variety stores. 
Ferry, Jacob, Gold, and neighboring streets, constitute the 
great leather district- The hardware trade is chiefly in Plait, 
John, and Pearl streets. In Nassau are cvtensive news- 
paper establishments, book-binderies, aiul publishing con- 
corns, and in William Street are a great variety of hosiery 
and fancy goods stores. Maiden Lane,*nd C^J^tIand Street, 
and Broadway^ near the junction of these, is the location ot 
the principal wholesale jewelers. 

W^^(lrv^••'>. — The water edges of the city are fringed with 
seven miles of wliarves and docks. On each side 'there are 
about 60 picr.H, averaging 200 to 300 feet in length, atul from 
50 to 60 feet wide. The shipping lies along these as safely 
as in a tide-water dock. Foreign shipping lies mostly at 
the wharves of Jhe East River, as being a more secure posi- 
tion than on the other side. Usually these docks are 
crowded with vessels of all nations, and on an average 
2,000 coasting vessels are in harbor at a time. Some load- 
ing, some unloading, and others waiting their turn for 
berths. Willi all these vast accommodations for shipping, 
however, there is scanty room for so large a commerce as 
centres at this port ; and to furnish the additional facilities 
which the increasing commerce of the city demanded, the 
Legislature, In 1S40, chartered the Atlantic Dock Company 
with a capitid of $1,000,000. Then- docks at Brooklyn are 
spacious, and deop enough to float the largest vessel ever 
built. The British steamers dock at Jersey City. 

liivrs and Harhor. — The width of the North River is 
one mile to Jersey City, at the ferry, and one mile and a 
half to Hoboken. The width of the East River is from one 
third to half a mile. At the South Ferry it is 1,300 yards, at 
Fulton Ferry 731 yards, and at Catherine Ferry 730 yards. 
The Bay of New York is from 1^ to 5i miles broad — 
average 3 miles, S miles long and about 25 miles in per- 
iphery, foTming a basin of capacity sufficient to receive the 
navies fjf the world. The Bay of New York communicates 
with Newark Cay, through the Kills, in the west, between • 
Stattjn tsland and Bergen Neck, .ind with another bay, at 
the south, called the outer or lower harhor. through the • 
Narrows a compressed strait between Staten and Long 
inlands. This latter bay opens directly into the ocean. 
The inner harbor, as well as being one of the best, is also 
one of the most beautiful in the world. Besides all the 
natural beauty of the scene, there can hardly be a finer 
spectacle than is presented in the great city spread before it, 
with its piers crowded with a dense fnrcst of masts, bearing 
the flags of all nations the shipping at anchqr,and Ihocoun^ 
less steamboats and vessels coming and g')ing perpetually. 

The d*'})th of WaUr and Tides. — The currents in the rivers 
and bay are very strong, keeping these waters open often 
when the rivers and bays much farther south are frozen up. 
The whole harbor was covered with a sohd mass of ice in 
17S0, and again in 1S20. Yerj' rarely since has either river 
been frozen. In the month of January, 1,^.2, the Iiast River 
was obstructed fr-r a short period, but the Nfjrth Itivur re- 
mained open. Thousands crossed over the ice from Brooklyn 

077 



4 



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to New York. The rise of the'fde is nearly T feel. Going 
northwarj liie rise increSses, and in IliiiBay of Fundy is 90 
feel, Uie muxiruuni of the coast. Soulhivardly it decreases. 
Mid in llie Gidf of Mexico is but IS Indies. Tlie time of tlic 
lidc at other places on the coast, or on waters connecting 
■with the ocean, varies fruin that of New York as follows— 
eiirlUr : HalifaxvN. S., 2 h. 15 in. ; New Bedford, 1 h. 40 m. ; 
Providence, h. 41 in.; .^andy Hook, 2 h. 45 ni. ; Norfolk,' 
h. 41 111. ; and aiichimmd, 2 h. 2.5 m. ; and liitfr : liastp.irt, 
2 h. 9 in. ; Portland, 1 ti. 39 m. ; Boston, 2 h. 19 m. ; Holmes' 
Hole, 1 h. 4 m. ; Philadelphia, 5 h. 19 in. ; Baltimore, 
6 h. ur m. ; Charleston, lu h. 19 in. ; .Mobile Point, 1 li. .V4 in. ; 
Albany, 6 h. .34 m. ; tjnebce, 8 h. 49 ui. The deplli of 
water at the wharves is 6 or 7 feet, ami increases rapidly 
•utward. 11 is siilBcianl in either river to float the largest 
ships. At the old channel, on the liar at Sandy Hook, the 
depth is 21 feet at low tide, and 27 at high tide. That of 
the New, or (iedney's Channel, is at low water 32 feeL The 
channel inside varies from 35 to So feet. 

Hf;imsm.—Tbe harbor is well defended. The principal 
■works arc at the Narrows, which, at the point selected, is 
but one-third of a mile wide. Here are built, on the Lont; 
Island side, forts Hamillon and Lafayette, the latter on a reef 
of rocks 200 yards from the shore, with three tiers of cuiis. 
On the Staten Island side are Forts Tompkins and Eieh- 



mOnd, the former on the lieigh«s, and provided with a num- 
ber of subterranean passages. These forts are in excellent 
condition. The entrance from the Sound to the Kast Kiver 
is defended by Fort Schuyler, on Throg's Neck. "Within 
the harbor are baiurics on Bedloe's and F.llis' islan.ls, on 
the west side of the bay, and on Oovernor'.s Island, 3,200 
feet from the city, are Fort Colunibus, in the form of a star, 
commaiiiling the south side of the channel ; on the sonlh- 
west iioint, Castle William, a round lower 600 feet in cireiiil 
afld CO reethigh,with three liersof guns, and South lialtiTv, on 
the sonlh-west side, comiliaiiding the entrance Uinuigh liut- 
lerinilk Channel. In case of war. too, the whole surround- 
ing heiJhlD could be readily fortifleil, and Castle (iard.n, 
and the Battery esplanade would fiiruisli ready-made sites 
for an extensive armament. No port in the world, indeed, 
is better defended by permanent fortiflcalions, or could be 
more easily placed in a condition of defense. 

J/"(mn./i(e(Kr«.— Although New York employs the greater 
portion of its capital in foreign commerce and domestic 
trade, it is also distinguished as the greatest manufacturing 
city in the United Slates, having a greater capit.al therein 
invested, more hands employed, and deriving a greater • 
profit therefrom, than any oth.-r city. The g.-neral returns 
of the census are exhibited in the following t;ible : 



■Wiuit. 

a..... 
s 

3 :.... 

4 



No. of proitiicttve 

or ninnnracliiring 

est;tbli!.hnii-no,, 

137 



PBODnOTIVE ESTilBLISIIUKlITB OF KEW TOEK CITT. 
Hanifa enipjttyeil. 



8,G'iO.. 

19,649.. 

633.. 



7 . 

8 . 

9 . 

10 . 

11 . 

12 . 
18 . 
14. 
15 . 
1« . 
17 . 
1&. 
19. 



, 156 

, 422 
233 
189, 



Capital invested. 

... $1,013.500 

851 12,672.995 

9 607.000 

189 l,(fe9,S0O..... 1.9.-J2 

... 1.227,562.. 1,78S.... 

... 9,125,SS0 2.96S.... 

... 3,493.275 4,09';.... 

661,690 2,2.'.ii.... 

(93,300 2,095.... 

96 809,700 S09.... 

149 2,061,850 4,197.... 

19 841,550 350.... 

299,110 993.... 

... 965,700 1,029.... 

... 1,046,550: 1,036.... 

... 8,280,-380 2,207.... 

892.400 1,216.... 

.. 1,227,780 2,2C6.... 

•• 8;!4.G00 5C3.... 



Aniiiinl proilnct, or 



6,087 ..... 9,707 »3.906;3'37 

16,1156 85,704 31,310,643 



172. 

72 

93 

129 

145, 

,199. 

44. 



27. 
943.. 

853.. 
1,072.. 
1,S49. . 

655.. 

.359.. 

220.. 

237.. 
TO.. 

283.. 

531.. 

140.. 

6.-.6. . , 

119... 

862... 

102... 



660 1,801,700 

2,595 4.SS.').211 

2,1« 4,478,214 

4,040 3,822,191 

S,947 9,641.033 

2,T85 4,030,484 

2,454 2,S3:!.1S0 

l.CSS 1,678,422 

4,4-34 20,0.'iG,409 

420 4k... 620.500 

1.281 2,073.428 

1,560 1,,54C,C2T 

1,1T6 1,376.813 

2.T63 4,368,175 

1,835 2,579.312 

2,618 2,920,760 

670 1,293,860 



Total 3,387 $34,232,822 68,703 

By these statistics it appears that the operatives in the 
manufactc»ries, etc, form nearly one-sixth of the whole poji- 
ulafion of the city; that the proportion of the annual pro- 
» ducts to the capitid invested, is 307 per cent. ; and that the 
average value of the product of each operative iij $1,2.')S. 
The manufacturing interests have had as rapid increase as 
those of commerce. In 1840, the total capital in manufac- 
tures wiLs .$11,228,894; and in 1850, as stated above, it 
amounted to $:}4.232.822. 

The branches of manufacturing industry ■which are here 
most extensively prosecuted are these directly developed by 
the great commerce of the city. Pre-eminent among these 
the the great iron foundries and machine-shops, of which 
the largest .are the Novelty ^Wtirks, Morgan 'Works, Allaire 
Works, and the Fulton and West Street foiimlries. The 
two former employ each about 900 men. Thi'sc and other 
establishments are engaged in casting and molding the 
largest class of steamship engines, their bed plates, and 
Other iron works, locomotives, mills, presses, gearing, 
boilers, etc There are 10 sugar refineries, all of which 
are very large establishments, superior to any others in 
the United States, and having a greater annual proilucl. 
The value of cabinet furniture annually macle is above 
tI,000,U00. There are numerous breweries and distilleries, ; 



BT8 



29,917 88,620 $10,%21s,303 

which employ a large capital. The Cillowiiig summary 
statement of the number of esttiblishments which in 1850 
prosecuted the principal branches of raanufacliiring indu». 
try, is compiled from the " Business Directory" for that 
year: Boat-building, 27; boiler m,anuf., 16; brass and bell 
founders, 39 ; brewerie.", 42 ; bakeries, 4T5 ; black and 
whitcsmithing, 1S5; britannia-ware nianuf., 13; block and ' 
pumpmaking,33; bookbinders, 55; boot and shoemaking, 
1,377 ; brashes, etc., 40 ; building of houses, etc.. 136 ; cab- 
inelmaking, 2.15 ; carpentering, 2Gll ; chainnaking, 84 j 
clockmaking, 29; clothing, 2SS; conches an.l carriages, 
63; confectionery. 265 ; cordage, etc, 6 ; dressmaking, 440; 
edge tools, 11; goldbeating, 21; gold pen mannf., 20 j 
guns, etc., 20; ink mannf., 11; iron found^cs, 3S ; lock 
manuf , 24 ; machinery, 79 ; millinery, 256 ; morocco mannf., 
28; musical inslrumenls, 41; nails, 15; organs, 5; patent 
medicines, 51 ; perfumer)', 26 ; inanolbrtes. 55 ; .«ad<lles and 
harness, 90 ; sails, 51 ; sash and blin.l mamif., 61 ; segins, 
119; ships, 19; silver manuf. -39; silver jilating, 27; soap 
and candle, 43; steam-engine mannf., 77; sicej manuf, 10; 
tailoring, 561 ; trunk factories, 5? ; type foundries, 9 ; varnish 
manuf, 14; white lead manuf.. 9. 

Ci>mmerce.—0.>m:nern:i\ interests originated the scttlo- 
montof New York, dcreloped its rapid growth, have always 



NEW 

directly influenced its changes of fortune^ and fire now the 
main siijiixtrl (»f its greatness. With the fiuotualion of the 
course of events, with rcgani tn jrenerul commerce, there 
has always been a correspon».iing clianire in the ratio of the 
increase of it? pi-piilatinn. aii(l of its g.-neral prosperity. lis 
first period of great prosperity, siibscqueot to tlie devolution, 
was I'rom 1790 lo ISuO; during wliich decade its population 
increased at a ratio of 82. 1(5 per cent — viz.. from 33,1:U 
(1T90). tn 6(US9 (ISori). Dnnn.-x this period the old wo>-kl, 
involved in wars, w;is making constnnt demand ufion the 
industry of the m-w; and the produce of the interior and of 
the noighhoring States was pressing to the Atlantic, whence 
the shipping of New York carried H altroad, returning 
again with goods fur distribution, holii in its own and the 
neighboring markets. Tlie business of the ciiy conse- 
quently wonderfully infTea.sed,aud its attendant advantages 
drew tliilher aipital and also men to participate in tlie pro- 
fits arising frotn the large investment then made. During 
the next decade (l'M]0 to IMO) there was a falling off of the 
ratio of increase of population and wealth, and business 
enterprise was greatly depressed. Though the population 
increased in this period at a ratio of 59i per cent, [from 
60.4S9 (ISOO), to 96,373(1810).] the increase in wealth was 
but S per cent.— viz., from $24,486,870 to $26,436,^70. In 
tlie succeeding ten years, tlie war of 1S12 with Great Britain 
entirely destroyed the foreign commerce of the city for 3 
years; after which, from 1S15 to 1820, it again rerivetl and 
grcalJy advanced in wealth. The increase of its wealth 
during the entire decade (lSlO-20) was 163 per cent, (from 
$26,430,370 to $C9,.')30J.'j3). While the increase in popula- 
Uon wiLs only 2Si- per cent, (96,373 to 123,706). which ratio is 
less than that of any other decade, and exhibits with extra- 
ordinary clearness the dependence of New York city upon 
commerce, since duringthis same period the increase of the 
population of the Slate was more rapid than ever. 

In 182" commerce again revived, and stt*adily increased 
until 1825, in which year it reached a climax that was not 
ag.^in attained until 1831. In 1S26 the completion of the 
Erie Canal opened a new source of prosjierily to com- 
merce, and which as-sisted in the f )rmation of tlie groat 
speculations whicli soon characterized the financial career 
of the city. The revulsion which followed this unnatural 
e3q)ansion. and for a time prostrated all branches of bu.si- 
ness, most seriously affected tlie commercial interests of the 
city. Since its recovery from that reversion of fortune, its 
conimerci;U prosperity has for the most part been steadily 
on the Increttse, though, of course, somewhat affected by 
the changes in the laritTs of the national government, and 
the changing relations of the nations with which it has in- 
tercourse. 

The following table shows the amount of imports and ex- 
ports of the port of New York, and the amount of duties 
collected on the importation in each year, from 1821 to 1S5I, 
Inclusive ; 

Amuunt of ituiies 



NEW 



Y_.„ Ininorts from 

•1821 $86,020,012 .. 

1822 33,912.468.. 

1823 30,i;()l,435 .. 

1S34 3T.7S5,147 .. 



1S25. 



182T.. 
1823.. 
1829.. 
1S30. . 



60,024,9-8 . 
84,728,004 . 
41,44', S32 . 
39,117,010 . 
84,972,493 . 
8S,6.=)0.004 . 



16S1 5J*SI.727 . 

18-82 50.99.5.924. 

1833 66..'>27.976 . 

1834 72.224,300 . 

1835 S9.:iil4.103 . 

18.36 1]8.SS0,194 . 

1837 6S.374,55S . 



on irii|><irts. 

$7,248,542 . . 

9,941,702 . . 

9,022,4.35 . . 
11,178,139 . . 
15,752,100 . . 
11.625.SS2 . . 
13,217,095 .. 
18,745,147 .. 
13,052,676 . . 
1.5,012.553 .. 
20,096.186 . . 
15,070.124 . . 
18,039,131 .. 
10,133.152 .. 
14.463.116 .. 
17.114,805 . . 

9,487,593 . . 



Export* to 

For'gn count's. 

. . . $12.124.64,'i 

... 15.406.694 

... 21.089,696 

. . . 22.809.302 

, . . 34.032.279 

. . 19,4:37i229 

. . . 24,614,035 

.. 22,1.35,4ST 

. . 17,609,600 

17,606.024 

20,142.719 

22.792JJ99 

24,728.903 

22.196.061 

29.035.7.'>5 

27,455,228 

23,584,610 





ImportB (Vom . 


Amoiinl of diifips 


Fxports to 




Fon.'ign roiinlhes. 


1.0 onporn. 


For'Kor.mnl'B. 


ISJiS 


.... 77,214.720.. 


. 10,494,065 . . 


. 22,184.248 


1^39 


97,o7'^.6?7 . . 


. 13,970,3.32 .. 


. 86.602,22« 


IWII 


. . . . 5G,s4,i.lV.'4 . . 


. 7,637,441 .. 


. 80,186,470 


1S41 




. 10.993,899 .. 
. l(i,0]3.122 .. 


. 80,731,519 

. 28.('90.1!I9 


1S42 


.... 52,41.5,5,'i5 . . 


1S43 


50,1180,607 .. 


. 11,30m,4(j7 ... 


. 23.M(l.3.'6 


1S14 


. . . . 75,749.220 . . 


. 21.457,830 .. 


. 34 IT38.470 


1S45 


. . . . 68,932,2117 . . 


. 17,667,8.58 . . 


. 34,800,348 


1S40 


7I,093.S19 .. 


. 16,807,275 . . 


. 34 190,184 


1S47 


. . . 96,2^8.097 . , 


. 17,843,462 .. 


. 4.5.687,954 


1S4S 


... S9.31,VJ09 ... 


. 20.839,681 .. 


. 8t;.:;3l.441 


Ii49 


... 80,011.902 .. 


. 19,811.884 .. 


. 36,720,224 


1S.50 


. . . 103.'.;50..".03 . . . 


. 24,487,610 .. 


. 38,061.517 


1S51 


... 180,683.030 .. 


. 3I,75U99?.. 


. 63,.595,876 


%SB2 


... 117,739,457 ... 


. 28,678,910 ... 


. 44,187,329 



Of the whole value of the imports into New York, very 
nearly one-half consists of dry goods. The following table 
exhibits the value of the importations of dry goods, of dif- 
ferent kinds, compared with the whole importation of for- 
eign merchandise in the last four fiscal years: 

ManufarHirfii. 1818-9. lR<9.r,0. IP.IO fil. IPM-SS. 

Woolen .... $9,I99,.^73. $14.637.060. $17,067,031. $14,388,565 

Cotton 10,783,807. 10,660.857. 11,671,500. 9,982,547 

•"^ilk.. 14.301.316. 16,679.227. 24,858.850. 22,319,051 

I'l^x 4,245,513. T,0S4.663. 8,058.731 . 6.346.299 

MIscellan'us. 4,144,525. 2,320,828. 8,957,635. 4,183,740 

Tot im.d.g. $41,674.739. $51.332,635. $64,613,747. $57,221,062 

" mer. 68,932,207. 103,250,503. 130,6S3,030. 117.739,457 

Pro.d.g. w.i.. 60.5 p. ct. ..49.7p. ct...49.5p. ct...48.6p. ct 

The following table gives a statement of the thitiea col- 
lected at the port of New York, compared wiih iIil- total 
colleciions of the United States, in various years between 
1789 and the present: 



ye»r>, 


Ke» York 


U.S. 


Yfars 


New York 


i;. s. 


1789.. 


$145,320. 


$ - 


1825. 


$16,752,100, 


$211,098,714 


1792.. 


1,2:33.908. 


3.443,071 


1830. 


1.5,012,.5.53 


21 .922,391 


1795.. 


2,717,361. 


6,56S,4C1 


18.35. 


14,468,116. 


19,891.811 


1800.. 


3,611,538. 


9,0S(i,933 


i,S40. 


7,.537,441 


13,499.502 


1805.. 


6,953,008. 


12 936,487 


1845. 


17.607,853. 


27,.52'M13 


1810.. 


5,223,696. 


S,.5S3,809 


1850. 


^4.487,610. 


39.608.1)80 


1816.. 


10,785.8.54. 


30,806,875 


1851. 


31,7.57.199. 


49,017,597 


1820.. 


5.487,974. 


15,005,012 


1852. 


23,678,910. 


47,320,816 



The rcvonne cnlleetpd at New York cnmp.irrd witli that 
tif Iho <)!lier principal porls of the Uuited States iu Ihe year 
ending June 30, 1851, was as follows: 



New York . . . 

Boston 

rhiladelphia. 



, $31,767,199 

. 6,577.540 

3,667,888 



New Orleans . 

Baltimore 

Charleston, S. 



, $2,296,638 

. 1,047,278 

600,712 



According: to the Business Directory of the city for 1860, 
tlie nuniljer of importers of ditfereiit articles was as follows: 
of dry gootis, 139 ; fancy goods, 100; hardware, 1"7; watches, 
61: wines and liquors, 103; silks, 21; laces, 36; woolens, 
11 ; drugs, 34; essential oils, 15; china-ware. 40; plate ^Ktsa, 
1 1 ; hides, 12 ; hosiery, 7 ; buttons, 7 ; baskets, 6 ; burr blocks, 
3; generiU importers, 23, etc. 

The iiiiprirts and exporls of specie and bullion are not 
included ill tile aliove talile, but the following wiU exhibit 
their amounts for the last six years : 



1847.. 
1-48., 
1849.. 



Import,.. 

$8,307,330. 
1.173.406. 
2,S18,.3S0. 



Exports. 

$9i 6,841 

12,028.798 

4,739,903 



Ye.rs. Import.. Export!.. 

I860.. $10,602,116. $.5,885.10$ 

1S51.. 10,390,501, 2fi.622.731 

1852.. 2,523,391. 37.273,703 



For the calendar year 1851, the import of trold and 
bullion from California, was $43,671,432, and the export of 
gold and silver to all countries, was $43,723,209. 

679 



NEW 

TmiiM(/e of New York Ci(y.— The following stalemcnt 
from Ibe annual reporla of Ihe secretary of the ireasnry, 
exhibits the registered, the enrolled and licensed, and the 
total tonnage belonging to the district of Sew York from 
the year lb26 to the present time. The year ends with 
December 31, up to 1835, thence with September 30, to W&, 
and fl-om that time it ends with Jane 30: 

Rf'sis^''^'^' Enrolled nod Licenaeil. Totnl. 

YeRra* Toa^,. 9olli8. T(»ii.'<. yMlit, Tona, 'jMti'. 

1826 153,451 88 167,337 5S g)G,2S9 01 

1327 165,014 87 151,341 90 846,356 82 

1623 153,237 TO 131,167 09 839,404 79 

1829 110.993 21 150,TU 12 261,70133 

1S.S0 101,947 01 154.710 93 256,553 02 

18-31 122,457 93 16.3.9S0 62 286.4-33 59 

1882 m307«2 169.524 92 298,332 59 

1883 151,915 83 171,818 53 3-.'-S.738 8G# 

ISai 178,022 40 181,199 79 359,222 24 

1835 191,626 43 135,071 29 376,697 72 

1836 192,964 79 611.349 80 404,314 14 

13.37 191,822 11 219,519 64 410,371 75 

1838 169.922 82 2.31,049 47 4110,971 79 

1889 183,566 55 246,7-34 33 430,300 88 

1S40 203,536 6S 211,231 86 414,818 04 

1841 225.174 36 212,840 02 4;aS,014 83 

1842 226,072 61 2:33,401 02 459,473 63 

1843 237,240 29 259,725 27 496.965 56 

1844 263,833 23 271,278 75 525,103 03 

1845 243,917 00 301.642 43 650,359 43 

1816 260.896 36 311,626 84 572,522 70 

1347 297.516 04 343.627 26 646,043.30 

1346 338,804 40 396.272 90 733,077 35 

1349 373,976 89 417,504 85 796,491 79 

1850 441,336 T6 394.280 80 835,867 61 

1S51 504,309 27 436,534 47 931,193 74 

"Within this period of 26 years, it will be seen that the 
tonnage of this district has nearly trebled in amount. 

Ct)niparison of the tonnage of New York with that of 
Boston, and uf the United States at different periods ; 

New York. Boston. Unitetl States. 

Yenrs. Tons, itstlis. Toils, ysibs. Tons. yoOis. 

1826 816,239 01 171,976 12 1,534,IB9 83 

1S3D 256,558 03 135,009 17 1,191.776 48 

1835 376,697 72 220,041 74 1,824,940 40 

1840 414,818 04 .... . 220,248 74 2,130,761 16 

1845 650,859 48 235,108 21 2,417,002 06 

1850 6-35,867 61 318,192 00 3.635.454 28 

1351 981,193 74 342,936 09 3,772,449 4S 

The tonnage of several other of the leading ports was, in 
1851, as follows : 

Tonp- 95llis. 

New Orleans 251,900 14 

Philadelphia 222,423 90 

Baltimore \U\fA\ 64 

New Bedford- --.131,409 46 
Bath,-a/'f 108,795 91 



Tons. 95lliB. 

■Waldoboro', Me. 108,698 61 
Portland " 97,671 70 
Bamslable,J/(M». 72,997 44 
San Francisco - .. 68,063 M 
Charleston, /XC. 81,910 27 



'Emplfnimfni of Tcmnagp. — The following table presents 
the proportions of the tonnage employed in coasting trade, 
in steam navigation, and in the whaling business .since 
1829. * » 

The table of the coasting trade embraces only the "en- 
rolled and licensed tonnage," and does not include the 
tonnage "licensed under 20 tons," of which ft subsequent 
statement is given, for the years ending June 30lb, 1S49, and 
Jane Slilh, 1350. 

The table of steam navigation includes both "registered" 
and " enrolled and licensed" tonnage. A separate compar- 
rflve statement of these classes for the years ending June 
80th, 1349, and June 80th, 1850, is also given subsequently 
UBder " Kteam, marine." 
580 



NEW 

4_ — 

Cni,9t TraJe- Sleam Navrg'n "Wlialing. 

1 ears. .].,,,j^^ (,g(i,,_ y^^,^^ ^Uha. Tons- fl&tb» 

1929 178,180 M 1,043 64 — 

1830 142,329 83 12,103 30 — 

1531 146,788 38 12.766 56 — 

1832 156,049 46 13,488 62 — 

1383 161,415 19 13,112 91 — 

ISlit 163.477 80 14,678 94 — 

1385 172.663 84.-.;.. 15,903 28 2,436 57 

1886 202,677 65 19,63157 93163 

1837 210,316 38 24,118 53 714 81 

1338 221,60189 25,419 36 863 91 

18-89 287-024 72 30.654 41 2,460 49 

1810 201,658 67 84.75136 — 

1841 208.052 19...... 31.727 21 1,76188 

1342 228.456 87 85.260 81 1,48177 

134:3 249.677 27 35,317 63 870 2.S 

1314 261.134 75 36,305 80 473 2T 

1S15 291.209 66 42,270 01 370 2S 

1848 3119.394 23 46,557 98 379 5T 

1317 337.663 51 52,420 88 — 

1843 885,020 49 64,229 19 — 

1349 406,166 48 71,818 73 — 

1850 8S2.SS6 71 95,116 5& 465 00 

1851 426.747 19 121,54152 — 

The following table exhibits the tonnage " licensed under 
20 tons," for the two fiscal years specified : 

Tpar eniling 
June 30, tSSO, 
Tons, ttiths. 



Tonnage lit'ensed 
under iO Ions. 



Year endin; 

June .10. ISIA 

Ton^. Sollifl. 



Coasting trtide 11,199 90 11,227 90 

Codfishery 148 42 116 U 

Of enrolled and licensed tonnage, none was employed 
during these two years in the mackerel fishery. 

Steam Tc^inage.—the following table exhibits the amount 
and classiflcatibn of the steam tonnage for the two Bscal 
years specified : 



steam tonnage. 



Year enjing 
June 30. IR4'i. 
Tons. y.^tli9. 



Year ending 
•June 20, l.'VSO. 
Tuna, y.'itlia. 

, . 38,148 47 
,. 63,967 09 



Eegistered 10,643 76 

Enrolled and licensed. 61,175 93 

Total 71,818 73 95,115 66 

This laljle exhibits a part of the great increase of registered 
steam tonnage, which, beginning in 1847. h.TS since been 
steadily increasing, and now pre-eminently characterizes 
New York. Further statistics of the steam tonnage will be 
found under the heads of " vessels built" and " ocean steam- 
ships." The total steam marine of New York is nearly equal 
to that of the empire of Great Britain with all its dependen- 
cies, which in 1861 was stated at 1,184 boats of 142,080 tons. 
According to the V. B. Treasury lieport on the U. S. steam 
marine in 1351— the number of passengers carried on the 
Hudson river in the year ending July 1, 1351, was 995,100, 
between New York and Philadelphia by steamboats 340,000, 
and on Long Island Sound 302,397. 

The steam tonnage of New York compares as follows 
with that of several other cities — of the several coasts, in 
land divisions, etc.— and of the United States in 1861 : 

Tons. 

New Orleans 156,654 

New York 121,511 

Pittsburg 47,911 

St. Louis 29.668 

Detroit 21,944 

Phil.idelphia 20,717 

Buflalo 19,038 

Total U. S. steam mari 
Arrivals and Departures. — Annexe* 



Ton*. 

Baltimore 14.285 

Northern frontier. . . . 69,105 

Ohio basin.. 67,601 

Mississippi valley . . . 67,957 

Atlantic coast 154,270 

Gulf of Mexico 28,244 

Pacific coast 37.936 

•jne 633,607 

fl is a tabular state- 



ment of the amount of tonnage entered and cleared the port 
of New York, from and for foreign ports, in each year from 
1821 to 1851, a period of 31 years, distinguishing the Ameri- 
can from the total tonnage. The years end with September 
to 1S43, thence with June. 



NEW 



NEW 



Amount (if tonnage entered the port of New York from, 
and the amount cleared the port of New York for foreign 
ports: 

ENTERED. CLEARED. 

Amerirnn T<tta\ Ameni-an 

Tenr^. Tens. Tons. Ton'.. 

1S21 15f>,723 1T1,;I63 UiJU.. 

226,790 WS.gTO.. 

226,TS9 196,189.. 

853,769 21S,4S(L. 

2S0.179 245,512.. 

27i,997 213.2*4.. 

282,872 iiH.m.. 

276.077 207,124.. 

2S1..512 200.76S.. 

814,715 209.699.. 

3.37,009 284.469.. 

401.71S 221,087.. 



1S22 .. 
1823 . . . 
1S24... 

1826 . . . 
1S26 . . . 

1827 . . . 

1828 . . . 

1829 . . . 
1830... 
1831 .. . 
1882 . . . 
1833 . . . 
1S84 . . . 
1835 . . . 
183G ... 
1837 . . . 
1S3S . . . 
18.39 . . 
1S40 ... 



. . 203,0S2 

..2I14,.30S 

..200,030 

..259,624 

..246,174 

..2.55.270 

..2:M,308 

..2.5.5,691 

..280,918 

..274.2.37 

..295.293 

..320.083 

..852,325 

..873.465 

..4I.'7.U95 

..368,011 

..377.563 

..422,349 

..4fli).458 



4.311.918 239,415. 

444.904 2.35,708. 



Tntnl 

T„i.-. 
1.M.472 
180,228 
217.2112 
^33.931 
263,431 
232,400 
260.603 
248,267 
220.201 
2i3.2S5 
294.236 
310,120 
341,627 
825.870 
309,6911 
404,957 



.289,552 
.271,746 

.atS,786 405.959 

.208,887 860,0,54 

.831.590 4tU,847 

.27,5,393 392.597 



404,404... 

650.730... 

639,.372... 

408,890... 

505,a»... 

627,594... 

1841 423,952 549,045 290,843 407,326 

1842 406,028 666,315 300,738 461,889 

1843 247,960 812,214 221,7-38 2S6.4S1 

1844 434,690 676,4«0 871,908 49S.254 

1846 439,676 579,218 841,094 4SS-525 

1&40 498,995 065,877 890,498.... 563.716 

1S47 643,005 663,603 496,509 78.5,745 

1S4S 039,805 932,493 491,219 78S,.'!35 

1849 711,720 1,117,300 509,711 931,609 

1850 734,431 1,146,331 590,312 982,478 

1851 966,379 1,448,763 793,229 1,230,082 

The en'rancea and clearances at New York, at different 
periods, compare as follows with those of the United States 
for the same years ; 

EXTRANCEa. 
New York. Unite-i States. 
Tons. 

..1.570,024.. 
.. 973.631.. 
..1. 047.800.. 
..1.099,027:. 
..1,993,963.. 



Tears. 
1621 
1625 
1826 



CLEAEANCES. 

New York. U. ?tntes. 

Tons. Tons. 

154.472 883.020 

263,431 1,055,440 

232.460 1,0.53.429 

24;3.2S5 1.10.5.196 

869,590 2.031,;M1 

392 597 9.363,495 

433 525 2,984.252 

982,473 4,301,002 

1,2.30,032 5,130,054 



T..n.s. 

171.963. 

280.179. 

274.997. 

1S30 314.716. 

1886 404.4f4. 

18-10 627,594 2.239.309. 

1345 592,218 2.946,049. 

1850 l,146.8;il 4,-348,689 . 

1851 1,443,768 4,99.3,440. 

During the year ending 8l3t December, 1851, the nalton- 
ality and character of vessels arriving at New York was as 
follows : 

Nalionalily. 

American 2,881 

British 906 

French 80 

Bremen la3 

Swedish 48 

Austrian 9 

Norwegian 54 

Sicilian 7 

Hamburg 44 

Danish 24 

Eussian 12 

Dutch ;..?. 28 

Belgian 18 

PruN^ian 29 

Columtrian . 

Neapolitan 4 

Portuguese 14 



Of these 941 were ships, 388 harks, 1,303 brigs, 688 
scUnoners, lOG .steamships, 2 ketclies, 1 sloop, and 4 gidliots. 

Ve.^'fiti'ls Built in the District of New York. — Tablil show- 
ing the number <if vessels of all kinds built in the district of 
New York, with their measurement, from 18:34 to 1851, com- 
piled from the Treasury reporls, Ihe years ending with De- 
cember 31, to 1834, llieuee with September 80, to 184-3, 
thence with June 30 : 



Years. Ships. Brifcs. Sch'rfl. 



lSS4v. 26 

l,s:».'. 16 

1830.. 14 

1S37.. 10 

13:33.. 7 

1339.. 10 
1840 



1841.. 
1842.. 
1843.. 
1SU4.. 
1845.. 
1846.. 
1847.. 
1343.. 
1849.. 
1650.. 
1861.. 



0... 
13. . . 

6... 

5... 
11... 
IS... 

u... 

16... 
26... 
16... 
26... 
23... 



7... 
2. . . 
3... 
6... 

8... 

13... 
6... 
3... 
2... 
6... 
2... 
3... 
2... 
8... 
7... 
2. 
1. 



33... 

23... 

25... 

23... 

17... 

17... 
8... 

13... 
8... 
. 16... 
. 25... 
. 87... 
. 43... 
. 69... 
. 44... 
.42... 
. 56... 



39.. 

61.. 

47.. 

63.. 

55.. 

44.. 

24.. 

21.. 
132.. 
103.. 

39.. 
1:30.. 
100.. 
117.. 
200.. 
145.. 
104.. 

81.. 



Steamb'U. 


Total. 


Tons. 


.. 6.... 


113. 


2:3,188 


.. 7.... 


109. 


17,368 


.. 16.... 


108. 


16,689 


.. 10.... 


lis. 


20,-308 


.. 7.... 


105. 


14,229 


.. 16...-. 


94. 


16,088 


.. S.... 


63. 


13.357 


.. 5.... 


53. 


10,121 


.. IS.... 


171. 


18,835 


.. 5.... 


122. 


13,179 


.. 14.... 


1.36. 


18,0ii6 


.. 17.... 


192. 


20,621 


.. 23.... 


2.34. 


29,465 


.. 15.... 


198. 


87.591 


.. 19.... 


807. 


67,977 


.. 17.... 


22S. 


87,983 


.. 2S.... 


2112. 


55,525 


.. 47.... 


203. 


71, 2U 



Which compare in different years with the ship-building 
of the whole United States, as follows : 

KewYork. United States. Proportifin in N.T. 



Years. 



Vi-sflpls. Tons 



Vess^-ls. 



Tons. 



t-els. Toi 



18:34.... 118.. 23,188... 1,133.. 161,626.. 9.6 14.S 

18:36.... 102.. 16,689... 507.. 46,233.. 20.1 36.1 

1341.... 52.. 16,121... 872.. 118,309.. 5.9 13.6 

1.846 ... 192.. 26,621... 1.038.. 146,013.. 18.5 18.9 

1351.... 203.. 71,214... 1,367.. 293,203.. 16.3 ;J3.S 

The following exhibitfl a comparison of ship-boilding in 
New York, in 1851, with that of the other leading ship- 
building States and districls: 



Vessels. To-M. 



District. 



Vessets. Tens. 



Maine 251.. 77,898 



( Bath. 
\ Waldt 
I Portia 



Mass-aehusetta . 133 . 
New York .... 229. 
Pennsylvania. . 200., 
Maryland 130., 



41,824, 
76,805. 
23,623. 
13,027. 



... 4<l 

Idoboro.... 44, 

Portland 27 

.Boston 

.New York ... 208 

.Philadelphia .. 113 

.Baltimore 72 



18,732 
17.791 
12,809 
50.. 28.141 
71.214 
20,066 
16,094 



Comm^froial Remime. — Summary view of the proportion 
of New York, iii the whole imporls, exi)orls, cuslom-reve- 
nue, .and tonnage of the United Stales at different periods : 









Imports 


EipnrtB 


Till lies 


Tonnage 


Nationnlity. 


Kfj 




per .ent. 


percent. 


percent 


percent 


Italian 

Spanish 


... 27 
... 12 


1769.... 
1792.... 












.... 9.71.... 


85.83.... 


... — 


Brazilian 


... 7 


1795 ... 


— 


....15.34.... 


....4S.88 


... — 


Oldenburg 

Saniinian y... 

Venezuelan 


... 9 

8 
... 5 


ISoO 




14.85.... 

....2312.... 


....39.77 

....63.73 

....60.96 





1305 . . 




.^ 


1810.... 


_- 


....23.12.... 


... — 


Uruguay 


2 


1816.... 


.... — 


....15.90 


....29.70 


... — 


Lubec 


... 3 


1,820.... 


_ 


....16.90 


....36.57 


... — 


Mpchlenburg 




1321.... 


....67..W.... 


....16.89 


....36.57 


... — 


Hanoveran 




1825.... 
ia30.... 
18.35.... 
1840.... 


....61.93 

.....54.54 

....69.53 

....63.05 


....44.30 

....2.3.93...;. 

....28.36 

....22.85 


....78.37 

....68.48 

....74.61 

....55.84 


...20.62 






...21.W 


Genoese .'. . 




...20.04 


Peruvian... 




..19.09 


Central America, 




1845.... 


6.8.78 


....29.38.... 


....M.18 


. . .22.77 


(Guatamahin) 


1 


18,50.... 


....67.96 


....25.44 


....01.78 


..2-3.64 


Total 


...3,SS6 






. 


....64.78 

60.60 


...24.68 


1853 














581 





NEW 



NEW 



Ocean Stea-niAhips.—Nevf Tork is diatingruiahed for its 
great linca of ocean ateainsliipa, which have all been brought 
into existence eince 1346. These veasels have all been built 
at New York shipyards, and received their machinery from 
New Yiirk foundriea. The total number of steamships 
built at lliis port, and launched previous (o 1S53 is 59; of 
which tho number launched in 1S49, was 3; in 1S50, 14; in 
1851, 11 ; in 1S52, 11. The present immber (1S53) of sleam- 
8hip companies is 16, having 7G steamers, with total tonnage 
of 129,010 tons. Of thfse, the following table will exhibit 
the different lines, the nmuber of their vessels, with their 
aggregate tonnage, etc. : 

No. of ToUl 
Vessela. Tonn;ige. 



Lines. 


No.<,t 


Tcittl 
Tonnage. 


LiTcrpool... 


... 5.. 


. 15,(100 


Havre 


... 2.. 


, 4,400 


Bremen 


.fa. 


. 8,400 


Charleston . . 


...4. 


. 6,200 


New Orleans 


... 2.. 


. 2,000 



Lines. 

Kichmond 2.... 

Mobile, etc. 1... 

Savannah 3... 

Norfolk 2... 

New Orleans, etc. 3... 



962 
1,900 
3,950 
2,100 
4,S0O 



California Z^n^s.— Aspinwall, C. A., 10 vessels, 19,600 
tons, which connects with Pacific Mail Co., consisting uf 14 
steamers. 15,536 tons. The New Tork and San Francisco 
Steamship Co. consists of 4 steamers (3 on each side), 
aggregate tonnage 7,400. The Empire City Line for San 
Francisco consists of 3 steamships, with aggregate tonnage 
of 6,000. Vanderbilt'8 line, ^ffct Nicaragua, consists of 10 
Tessels, with aggregate tonnage of 1S,000 tons. 

The British Koyal Mail Line (Cunard) have 11 steamers, 
16,000 tons. The Glasgow Lino has 1 steamer, 2,000 tons; 
and a second in construction. 

Dome-'itic Trade.—The amount of trade carried on by 
New York with the coast cities and the interior of the 
United States, vastly s^urpasses in magnitude that of its 
foreign commerce. Of this internal trade full accounts are 
not made. 

An approximate statement of particular divisions of this 
trade is exhibited by the following statistics. 

The statistics of total tonnage arriving at Albany by way 
of the Erie Canal, which follows, exhibit approximately the 
receipts of New York, since by far the greater part of them 
are directly sent to New York, and whatever proportion is 
not sent is fully compensated by the trade furnished from 
the towns and counties on the Hudson River: » 

Total tonnage arriving at tide-water l&i6-lS52 by the 
Erie Canal : 

-_. From Western States. From N. T. Stale. t . i -r 

T \in loiii Total ions. 

iS.36 54.219 864,906 419.124 

18.37 56,'255 ail,251 381,506 

188S 8S,233 8S6,01G 419,219 

1SS9 121,571 264.6S6 386,267 

1540 168,149 809,167 467,316 

1S41 224,176 80R.314.. 6.32.520 

1842 221,477 2.'>8.(I72 4S0.149 

1849 256,370 378,969 63o,.34.5 

1S44 308,025 491,891 799,S16 

1S45 304,551 655,039 9.i9,590 

1546 51 I6,S80 600,862 1,107.270 

1847 812.840 618,412 1,4!1,2.52 

1848 660,151 ■...634,183 1,184,837 

1849 768,659 498,068 1,260,724 

1.S60 773,853 698,001 1,371,859 

1351 966,993 541,634 1,503,377 

1862 1,161,973 492,721 1,644.699 

Of the aboTe total amount, the whole quantity of wheat 
and flour which came to the Iluilson Kiver, from 1844 to 
1352 mclusive,with the ag^egatc market value of the same : 



Tear. Tons. Talue. 

1844. = .277,865. . .$11,211,677 

1846... 320.403... 15.962,250 

1846... 419,366... 18,830,412 

1S4T. . .501,205. . . 82,890,933 

1S48... 431,641... 21,148,421 
SS2 



Y.ar. Ton«. VaiiiH. 

1819.. .434,444.. .$19,.30S,S95 
1850... 461,781... 20,218,183 
1851... 457,624... 16.487,653 
1852... 576,772... 22,564,256 



The fiillowing is a'statemcnt of several of the leading 
articles arriving cDaalwise, in 1851 : 



Articles. Amnnnt, 

Eice, trcs 42,433 

Salt, bushels. 10,180 

Sugar, hhds 21,448 

" trcs 53 

" bbls 36.263 

" boxes 3.599 

" b.ng9 13.7:53 

Tobacco, hhds. 14,827 

" bales, etc. . . 423 
Wool, baled 10,692 



Articles. Amount. 

Cotton, bales 456,637 

Coffee, bags 62.331 

Figs, dnnns 77,850 

Hemp, bales 19,476 

Hides, No ....208,628 

Lead, pigs 176,5.38 

Molasses, hhds 12,650 

" trcs 1,247 

" bbls 39,797 

Raisins, boxes 32,041 

" casks 1,035 

The aggregate of the trade carried on by means of the 
various r.iilroads which centre at New York is most im- 
mense. Of these railroads the principal one is the Erie 
Eailnxtd, which bears a relation to the entire southern 
pfirlion of New Tork, and northern of Pennsylvania, etc., 
very similar to that sustained by the Eric Canal to the 
northern part of New York State. On all the railroads 
diverging from this city toward Philadelphia, Boston, and 
Albany, the tratTic is also inmiense, and ever increasing. 
The following are the several principal hues fri?m this city : 



Miles. 

Camden and Amboy 90 

Central (N. J.) 73 

Morris and Essex 44 

Union 83 

New Jersey, etc 87 

New York and Erie ... . 469 



Miles. 

Hurlson Eiver 150 

Harlem 153 

New York and New 

Haven 76 

Iloasatonic 110 

Long Island 96 



By means of these railroads, New Tork is directly con- 
nected with every section of the country ; and the various 
lines with which these are interwoven form a great net- 
work of several thousand miles of iron highway. 

Of the total internal trade furnished from the city, dry 
goods form probably the greatest portion ; but that of man- 
ufactures is well-nigh as extensive. Book-publishing is a 
principal business, and from the mercantile arrangements 
of the trade, by semi-annual trade sales, commission pub- 
lishers, etc., has become a great feature of the internal trade 
of the city, and a branch it has acquired at the expense of 
other cities. 

Of the general character of the internal trade of Now 
Tork, it may summarily be sai)l, that it surp.asses that of ail 
other cities in the Union", and dilTers from that of the entire 
nation (jnly in degree. 

Bants. — There are 40 banks, with an aggregate capital 
of .t:!6,834,950. In 1830, the bank capital of New York was 
$15.280,000 ; in 1.<3C, $20,361,200. The following statement 
exhibits the capital and rate of dividends of the banks of 
the city in each year, JVom 1345 : 







Dis. 






Div. 


Yenrs. 


Capital. 


per cent. 


Tenrs. 


Cnpitnl. 


percent. 


1845. 


.$23,084,100 


...6.21 


1849. 


.$24,457,890 


...8.28 


1846. 


. 23,084,100 


...7.09 


1S50. 


. 27,440,270 


...8.69 


1847. 


. 23.084,100 


. . .7.25 


1^51. 


. 28,057,4.50 


...S.93 


1843. 


. 2.3,084100 


...8.09 


1852. 


. 85,834,950 


... — 



Tnmiranee Oompanief. — There are 37 tire and marine 
insurance companies, with an aggregatt; capital of |6,6^,0l0 ; 
an-i 6 life insurance and trust companies, with an aggregate 
capital of $5,060,000. 

Piihlie Builfii})ff 8.— The City Hall, standing near the 
centre of the Park, is a handsome edifice, built chiefly of 
wliite marble, and is 216 feet long, 105 feet wide, and 51 
feet high. It is two stories high above the ba.<iemenl. with 
a third story in the centre, from which rises a cup'ila uf very 
beautiful proportions, surmounted by a colossal figure of 
Justice; erected 1S03'I2, at a cost of $53S,731. It contains 
2S rooms and public offices for the accomniodation of the 
raayor, common council, etc., of which thn Governor's Boom 



NEW 



NEW 



is the principal one, and conLiins many large purlraits of 
great national clinraclers. Other rooms contam vahialtle 
painlina;s, etc. The New City Hall is a large Iirii-k buililinu: 
in tlie reiir of this edifice, which is occupied l)y tlie cinirlj*, 
public offices, etc. East of the City Hall is the llall.of Ue- 
cords, where are preserved all the records and pulilic docu- 
ments of the city. The Custom House is one of the most 
perfect buildings of its size in the world. Its site is at llic 
corner of Wall and Nassau streets, and was formerly occu- 
pied by the Old City Hall, in which Washington was inau- 
gurated first president of the United States, and the American 
Congress held tlieir sessions in New York. It is built in 
imitation of the Parthenon, at Athens, in the Doric order, 
of white marble, and is 200 feet long, 90 feet wide, and SO 
feet high. Each of the north and south fmnls has a portico 
of S Doric columns, 5 feet S inches in diiunotef and 32 feet 
tigh. The entire exterior, inclu'ling the roof, is conslructed 
of white marble, excepting the steps, which are of granite. 
In the construction of the interior, marble, granite, and 
brick alone were used, thus rendering it perfectly fire-i)roof. 
Some of the largest blocks of marlde used weigh 33 tons. 
It was commenced in May, 1?34, and finished in May, ISIl. 
Its cost, ground included, was $1.195,000 — building alone, 
$950,000. The interior is divided into a grand rotunda and 
numerous spacious offices. The rotunda is a ningiiificent 
room, GO feet in diameter and SO feet in the recesses; its 
dome is supported by 16 columns 30 feet high, which are 
beautifully wrought, and liave capitals of the most exquisite 
workmanship. The number of officers employed in the 
Custom House is about 350. The Merchants' Exchange, in 
Wall Street, is the most magnificent edifice in New York. 
It covers the entire block bounded by 'WnW Street, William 
Street, Hanover Street, and Exchange Place. Its front upon 
Wall Street is 19S feet, its height T7 feet— to the top of the 
dome •124 feet. It is constructed in the most substantial 
form, rfnd perfectly fire-proof, of Quincy granite, and cost, 
including the ground, $1,500,000. The front on Wall Street 
has a recessed portico, with IS massive columns, SS feet 
high and 4 feet 4 inches m diameter, each formed from a 
solid block of stone, and weighing 43 tons, which cost $3,000 
each, ai;d are among the largest in the world. The build- 
ing belongs to the "Merchants'' Exchange Company," in- 
coi-porated in lS23,wilh a capital of $1,000,000. It contains 
a grand central rotunda and numerous spacious offices used 
by bankers, insurance companies, etc. Tlie rotunda is a 
most magnificent room, SO feet in diameter, with 4 recesses, 
and 51 feet high, and is surmounted by a dome which as- 
cends 80 feet higher, terminating in a sky-ltght 37 feet in 
d-iameter. The dome is supported in part by S columns of 
Italian marble, 41 feet high, in the Corinthian onler, and 
splendidly polished. In this spacious hall, at exchange 
hours, the chief merchants of the city daily assemble. The 
Board of Brokers also meet here daily, and the Chamber of 
Commerce here holds its monthly sessions. 

The Halls of Justice occupy an entire block between Cen- 
tre, Elm, Leonard, and Franklin streets, having their prin- 
cipal front upon Centre Street, The building is constructed 
of granite, in the most massive manner, in Egyptian archi- 
tecture, and is 253 feet long and 200 feet wide. Its front has 
a recessed portico, supported by 14 massive granite colunms. 
The edifice is occupied by the Court of Sessions, police 
courts, officers' rooms, prisbn cells, etc The gloomy aspect 
of the building has won for it the general name of *'The 
Tombs." 

The City Penitentiary, with the buildings of the Lunatic 
Asylum, Almshouse, Workhouse, etc., are situated on Blaok- 
well's Island, ab'.ut 5 miles from the City Hall. These 
are very large stone buildings, and, though of simple archi- 
tecture, present a verj' imposing appearance. They are seen 
to fine advantJige from steamboats in passing through the 
East River. The penitentiary has an entire length of nearly 
600 feet, and' consists of a central building 4 stories high, sur- 
mounted by a square tower and two wings, each 4 stories 



high and 200 feet long. The almshouse is 3 stories in height, 
325 feet in length, and 55 feet wide, with two lar^'e wings ut 
each end. The lunatic asylum consists of a cental edifice, 
with four wings. 

The new Stale Arsenal, situated on Fifth Avenue, between 
Sixty-second and Sixty-fourth streets (4i miles from the City 
ir»'l), a large and commodious edifice, conlaining arms and 
munitions belonging to flic State, wiis erecteil in 1S4S. cosl^ 
ing $30,000. It is built in the Gothic castellated style, pre- 
senting a massive and apprnpriato appearance; its dimen- 
sions are 200 feet in front, by 50 feet deep, exclusive »\' ihu 
towers, of which there are 8 — 1 in front, and 1 at each angle 
— 69 feet high. The first story is of brown stone, tlio recnain- 
der of brick, and the roof is of iron. It contains great num- 
bers of cannon, small arms, etc., and some interesting 
tro]i1iies taken from tlic English during the llevolutiou and 
the last war. 

The Post Office, formerly the Middle Dutch Church, in 
Nassau Street, between Liberty and Cedar stn-ets, is note- 
worthy for it-s history. It was erected before tlie Jlevolu-' 
tion. and much of its interior woo<lwork and steeple was 
brought from Holland. During the Eevolutionary War, this 
church, in common with others used by the Brllisli, was 
much injured from its occupation as a prison, hospital, etc. 
In 1790, it was repaired, and again used for public worship, 
in which service it continued until rented by the U. S. Gov- 
ernment for the general post office of the city. 

The descriptions of the large and commodious edifices 
used by the benevolent institutions of the i^ily, also those 
of education, etc., will bo found under their appropriato 
heads. 

The Crystal Palace, for the exhibition of the industry .of all 
nations, built in 1S53, for the purposes of a World's Fair, is 
situated on Sixth Avenue, between Fortieth and Forty-sec- 
ond streets, on Reservoir Square, adjoining the Distriluitiug 
Reservoir of the Croton Aqueduct, 3J miles from the City 
Hall. The Association which has erected this magnificent 
structure, wag ine")rporatcd for the purpose by the Legisla- 
ture, March 11, 1S52, having previously received the lease 
of the square from the Common Council of the city, on Jan. 
3d, 1S52. It was incorporated with a capital of $200,000, 
with leave to increase it to $300,000. The phin of the build- 
ing was adopted 2tjth Aug., 1S52, and its foundation formally 
laid Dec, 1S52. The building is entirely constructed of iron 
and glass, with the exception of the floor. The general plan 
is that of a Greek cross, with a dome over the interseciion. 
Its site is a nearly square piece of ground, having an ex- 
treme length from Fortieth to Forty-second Street, of 455 
feet; and an extreme width, from the Sixth Avenue to the 
Reservoir, of 4-15 feet. The Crystal Palace occupies the 
greater pnrtof this square, and consists of "2 principal stories, 
the second being of less extent than the first, a tliird chiefly 
ornamental, and n magnificent central dome. The area of 
the first floor is 111,000 square feet, of the galleries 02,000 
square feet^total area, 173,000 square feeL By direction of 
the IT. S. Treasury Department, the building will be made 
a bonded warehouse, during the exhibition, so as to re- 
ceive all foreign goods free of duty, aud encourage the 
cooperation of foreign nations in this fair of wt-rld-wide in- 
terest. 

/7oic?A\— Among the public buildings of New York, its 
large hotels form a great feature. Of these the A.stor Hnuso 
is the most distinguished. It is situated on Broadway, op- 
posite the Park, and forms the block between Vesey and 
Barclay streets. It is built of Quincy granite, in the most 
substantial and splendid manner, is 5 stories high, aud con- 
tains upward of 360 rooms. In its appnintmenia and gen- 
eral style of accommodations, it is not surpassed by any 
hotel in the world. It was erected by J. J. Astor, at a cost 
of $SOO,000, and was opened in May, 1S36. The Irving; 
House, on Broadway, occupying the block between Cham-- 
hers and Reade streets, is built of granite, 5 stories higjij, 
contains about 300 rooms, and is a hotel of much resorL 

533 



NEW 



NEW 



The St. Nichol.'is Hotel, on Broad wny, between Broome 
and Spring streets, is .1 new and very large liotel, built of 
white marble, 6 stories liigii, containing ^70 rooms, and sur- 
passing, in the splendor of its apiutnients and general mag- 
nificence, all oilier hotels in the city. The MelTopoliian 
Hotel, on Bniadway, oorner of Prince Sireet, C stories high, 
built of brown freesloije<»is a very imposing editice. It con- 
tains about 401} rooms, many of which are elegantly painted 
and furniiihed. The entire cost of the building, without 
furniture, was about $500,000. The New York Hotel, on 
Broadway, occupying the block between Washington and 
Wavcrley places, is a very large and fashionable family 
hotel. It is built of brick, in plain style, but very spacious, 
and containing about '2S0 room*.. The Union Place Hotel, 
in Union Place, is a large and fashionable eslablishaient. 
Many other public houses in the city are very large, well 
kept, etc. ; but their great number precludes their particular 
description. The United Slates Hotel, on Fulton Street, oc- 
.cupynig tlie block between Pearl anil Water sircets, is built 
of marble, 7 stories high, and was the Jirst of the mammoth 
hotels. It contains 225 rooms, and cost^350,000. Hotel-keep- 
ing, as practiced in New York by the best houses, is brought 
nearer perfection than in any other city in the world. 

C/'K/'Mf,'.— Many of the churches of New York are very 
costly edifices, and are among the most splendid ornaments 
of the city. Of these, Trinity C*iurcli, on Broadway, oppo- 
site Wall Street, is the most distinguished. This edifice, 
which is the third built upon the same site, was erected 
1811-45, at a cost of about $400,000. IL is of Gothic archi- 
tecture, and constructed entirely of brown sandstone. Its 
dimensions are— length ISO feet, width S4 feet, height — to 
the eaves of the clerestory 64 feet, to the apex of the spire 
2G4 feet. The interior presents a very impressive appear- 
ance. There are. no galleries, and it accommodates only 
about 900 persons with seats. The church is generally re- 
garded as the tiuest specimen of pure Gothic architecture in 
the United States. The edifices of the Protestant Episcopal 
Church are generally more elaborate and expensive struc- 
tures than those of other denominations, which mainly re- 
sults from tlic great wealth of the corporation of Trinity 
Church. Of these the most noted are— Grace Church, on 
Broadway, corner of Tenth Street, a most elaborate struc- 
ture of white marble, of Gothic architecture, erected in 
1S45, at a cost of $200,000 ; St. George's Church, near Stuy- 
vcsant Square, a very large edifice in the Eoman style, of 
brown freestone ; St. Paul's Chapel, on Broadway, between 
Fullou and Vesey streets, a large but plain edifice, of dark 
brown stone, having a spire of very graceful proportions, 
203 feet high ; St John's Chapel, fronting on SL John's 
Park, an imposing edifice of brown sandstone, in the Cor- 
inthian order, erected in 1S07, having a splendid portico of 
4 very large Corinthian columns, and lofty spire 215 feet 
high ; St. Thomas' Church, on Broadway, corner of Houston 
Street, of stone, rebuilt 1652, a handsome Gothic edifice ; 
Church of the Holy Communion, on Sixth Avenue and 
Twentieth Street, erected in 1845, of well-dressed red gran- 
ite, one of the most correctly built Gothic church edifices in 
tlie Union; Church of the Annunciation, in W. Fourteenth 
Street, an imposing stone edifice, of gray stone; Calvary 
Church, iMjurlh Avenue; Trinity Chapel, in Fifth Avenue, 
besides many others which are cosily edifices and very fine 
specimens of architecture. Of Roman Catholic churches, 
tlie best edifices are— St. Patrick's, the cathedral. In Prince 
Street, a very 8])aciou3 church, of stone, in Gothic architec- 
ture, erected in 1S15, having an interior of imposing ap- 
pearance, with arched nave, side aisles, etc. ; St. Peter's, 
in Barclay Street, a very massive edifice of granite, with 
grand Ionic portico; Church of the Redeemer, in Third 
Street, a very lai-ge structure of brick, erected 1S52, and 
used by German congregation ; St. Bridget's, near Tomp- 
kins Square, etc. 

The First Presbyterian Church, in Fifth Avenue, presents 
a majestic appearauoe — it la of reddish hewn stone, in full 
581 



Gothic architecture, with large buttresses, pinnacles, and 
tower, and spire liiO feet high. The Chmfch of the Puri- 
tans (Cong.), in Union I'lace, is a splendid e«liflce of white 
marble. The Dutch Reformed churches in Lafayette Place 
and University Place arc noteil for their elegance. Two 
Unitarian churches, both in Brnudway, are fine structures. 
The First Baptist Church, in Broome .street, is a handsome 
Gothic edifice of blue limestone, erected in 1&41, 

The total number of churches in New York is 250, of 
which there are 45 Episcopal, 46 Presbyterian, 40 Methodist, 
31 Baptist, 21 Roman Catholic, 20 Dutch Reformed, 10 Con- 
gregational, 5 Lutheran, 4 Universalist, 4 Friends', 4 Primi- 
tive Christians, 2 Unitarian, 2 New Jerusalem, 2 Second 
Advent, 1 Moravian, and 12 Jews' Synagogues. This table 
gives nearly the proportion of 1 church for every 2,100 of 
the population. The average number which can be accom- 
modated is probably not more than SOO, giving the aggre- 
gate of church accommodation 200,000 seats, or about i of 
the present (1S53) population. 

Tlientres, etc. — The places of amusement in New York are 
numerous and well patronized. Of the theatres, the Broad- 
way is the largest and principal one, and chiefly devoted to 
the regular drama. Niblo's Theatre has a diversity of rep- 
resentations, and is one of the most popular resorts in the 
city. The Astor Place Opera House is but little used. Me- 
troimlitan Hall is a very spacious and magnificent hall, 
much used for concerts, public meetings, etc., and will ac- 
commodate 4,000 people. Burton's Theatre is a small but 
very popular, re sort, chiefly devoted to comedy, etc. Other 
theatres are, the Bowery and National; besides which the 
American Museum presents dramatic and comic represent- 
ations, and contains a collection of figures, curiosities, etc. 
Among other permanent amusements are the diffL-rent com- 
panies of " Ethiopian Minstrels," etc. ; while the more chang- 
ing attractions consist of an endless number of panoramas, 
dioramas, concerts, balls, etc. 

Education.— ThQ provisions of the city for general edu- 
cation are upon a liberal scale. It is believed that there is 
less attention given Ui education by the illiterate and poorer 
classes of the population than in most cifiea of the United 
States, but these are chiefly of foreign birth, and are com- 
pelled to use their children to gain a livelihood. According 
to the census of 1S50, the total number of adult people un- 
able to read and write in the city, was 1S,S')7, being a per- 
centage of 3.65 of the entire population, or 1 in 27J persons. 
Of this total, 16,449 were of foreign birth, 1,667 were native 
negroes, and 691 were born in America. According t^> tlie 
annual report of the Board of Education for the year 1S50- 
51, the whole number of schools within itsjurisdiction during 
the year ending 30lh April, 1351, was 207, of which the 
number belonging to the " Public School Society" was 114, 
ward schools 72, corporate schools 21, and among which 
were 17 schtHils for colored children. The whole number 
of children taught during the year ending February 1, 1851, 
was 107,363; number during the year 1349-50 was 102,974; 
while the average attendance during 1S50-51 was 40,055; 
and in 1S49-50, 35,908. The following tabular statement 
exhibits the most important statistics for the schools during 
four years each ending on February 1st; 



Year 
en-iing 
Feb. 1. 



1S4S. 



S.-hnoJe. 



Public... 114 

Ward 60 

Corporate. 18 , 

Totals . . 1S3 




89,599 .... 32,122 . . $201,176 



f Public... 115 .... 50,320 .... 1S.5S7 

Ward 53.... 40.933 .. . 14,652 

1S49. ] Corporate.. 21.... 3,743.... 2,125 

[ Totals.. 194 .... 95,045 .... 85,364 .. $224,490 



NEW 



NEW 



Tear 
Feb. i. 



1S50. 



1S51. 



Si-hoils. 



Clae?. No. 

Public... 115 , 

Ward Co 

Corporate. ID . 



Whole No. 

tan gilt. 

.. 53,546 .. 
.. 45,b72 .. 
.. 3,556 .. 



Ag. Cost 

Dflnstruc- 
tion.etc. 



1S,15:3 
15.SU5 
2.U40 



Totals.. iy9 ....10a,974 .... 36,993 .. $348,301 



fPuUir-.... 

Ward 

Corporate.. 



114 
T2 
21 



53.339 
50,559 
8,505 , 



19,2T3 
IS.ilT 
2.(I4S 



Total3.. 307 ....10T,3G3 ..,. 40,055 .. $274,795 
The cost per srholar for 240 days' instruction, etc., in lUt; 
year ending Feb. 1, 1S4S, was $6 26 ; ditto in 1S49, $6 34; 
ditto in 1S50, $6 87; ditto in 1S51, $6 S6 — the averjige cost 
for the four years per schohir, $6 5S. By an act of the Legis- 
lature in 1S53. the Public School Society is discontinued, and 
the general district system of the State introduced. 

The Free Academy is a public high school of the city, 
established "for the purpose of extending the benefits of 
education gratuitously* to those who have been pui)i]s in the 
common sehouls of the city and county of New York."' The 
project was submitted to the popular vote of the ciii/.ens in 
1S46, and approved by a very large majority. Tiie building 
erected for the purpose, and opened January 27, 1849, is 
situated at the corner of Lexington Avenue and Twenty- 
third Street. It is a spacious and elegant structure, built in 
the Gothic style, after the manner of the Town Halls of the 
Netherlands. Its dimensions are 125 feet long, 60 feet wide, 
and 5 stories high. The cost of the building was about 
$50,000, of the lot $20,000, and of its furniture and apparatus 
$10,000. It win accommodate about 1,000 scholars. In ita 
construction utility and ornament are admirably combined. 
The number of instructors in the academy are 11 ; the num- 
ber of students admitted at the opening of the institution 
was 5S ; has since steadily increased with successive terms, 
and now amounts to several hundred. There are in the 
city a great number of private academies. Of female semi- 
naries, two are very large, and of great reputation — the 
Kufger'3 Female Institute in Madison Street, and Spingler 
Institute in Union Place — each of which have fine slone 
edifices, are well furnished with apparatus, etc., and have 
over 500 pupib. 

CoUeges. — There are in the city 2 collegiate institutions, 3 
medical colleges, an<l 2 theological seminaries. Columbia 
College was founded in 1754, by royal charier as King's 
College. In 17S4 its name was changed by the legislature 
to Columbia College. In 1S50 it had 7 instructors, 1,450 
alumni. Ill students, and 17,000 volumes in its library. It 
is under the direction of the Protestant Episcopal Church. 
Its buildings are in a beautiful square, a little west from the 
City Hall, and consist of a large and handsome edifice, 200 
feet long" by 50 feet wide, with wings at each end etc. The 
University of the City of New York was founded in 1S31. 
In 1S50 it had 11 instructors, 320 alumni, 151 students, and 
4,000 volumes in library. Its edifice, on the east side of 
Washington Square, occupying one block, is the most splen- 
did collegiate building in the United States, and is one of 
the finest ornaments of the city. It is constructed of while 
marble, in the Gothic style of English collegiate architecture. 
Ita dimensions are ISO feet long, 100 feet wide, and 4 stories 
high, flanked with square towers on its 4 corners, whioli 
rise one story above the side walls, and having a ccntrnl 
building which, rising much higher than the sides, is 55 
feet broad, and S5 feet deep, crowned with turrets, and in 
common with the side walls of the whole building, has an 
ornamented embattled parapet. This central building is 
an imitiition of King's College Chapel, Cambridge, England, 
and is used as the principal chapel of the University. It is 
probably one of the finest rooms of the kind in America. 
Connected with the University is a very flourishing gram- 
mar school, and the University Medical College. 



The College of Physicians and Surgeons is a very flour- 
ishing medical .institution, founded in 1S07. In lS5i' it had 
6 professors, 219 students, and 852 graduates. It is located 
at 67 Crosby Street, has a ajmmodious edifice, M-hich con- 
tains an extensive medical museum, and library of over 
1,000 volumes. The University Medical College was founded 
in 1837, and is connected with the University of the City of 
New York. In 1S50. it had 6 professors, 421 students, and 
597 graduates. Its edifice is a very large, commodious, and 
elegant building, recently erected in Ei^t Fourteenth Street, 
near Union Square. The Ncw*York Medical College is au 
inslilution opened in 1S51, and occupying a hatidsomg 
structure, in East Thirteenth Street, near Fourth Avmue. 
These schools enjoy the advantages of clinical instruction at 
the ^Tirious hospitals. 

The General Theological Seminary of the rroteslant 
Episcopal Church was founded in 1S17. It occupies an 
entire square, between Ninth and Tenth avenues, and 
Twentieth and Twenty -first streets. Its edifices arc two large, 
handsome buildings of stone, in Gothic architecture. lu 
1S50, it had 5 professors, 64 students, 336 gracUiaies, and 
10,000 volumes in its library. It is well endowed, and iu 
a flourishing condition. 

The Union Theological Seminary, a Presbyterian insti- 
tution, was founded in 1S36. Its edifice, in I'nivcrsity 
Place, near Washington Square, is a handsome structure of 
brick. In 1S50, it had 5 professors, 106 stmienl.s, 211 alumui, 
and 18,000 volumes in its library. 

Libraries, etc. — The Nev/ York Society Library, estab- 
lished 1754, is the oldest literary association in the city. 
During the Revolutionary War, its volumes were scattered 
and lost. On the restoration of peace it was reestablished. 
In 1838 and '-39, it erected its present edifice, on Broadway, 
corner of Leonard Street, at an expense, including the 
ground, of $120,000, which is one of the finest library build- 
ings in the Union. It contains about 45,000 volumes, which 
have been selected with much care. In 1*53, it has dis- 
posed of its building, and will be removed to the upper 
part of the city. The Mercantile Library Association, 
formed in 1320, for merchants' clerks, occupies a largo 
portion of Clinton Hall, on Beekman and Nassau streets, 
which was erected in 1830 for its accommodation, at a cost 
of $53,000. Its library is particularly rich in periodical 
literature, and contains about 36,000 volumes. 

Tlie New York Historical Society, founded in 1804, have a 
very valuable library of American history, of 17,000 volumes, 
and some collections of historical interest The Society have 
monthly meetings, and have published numerous volumes 
of their researches, etc. Their rooms are at the University, 
but a building for their accommodation is in contemplation. 
The Geographical and Statistical Society hold monthly 
meetings, and have commenced the formation of a library. 
The transactions of this society are published in a" Bulletin," • 
the first number of which was issued in August, 1S53. The 
Apprentices' Library, established in 1S20, occupies a large 
building at 32 Crosby Street, and contains 14,000 volumes. 
The American Institute have 6,000 volumes; the Typo- 
graphical Society, 3,000 volumes, free to printers, etc. ; the 
New York Law Institute, in the City Hall, 5.000 volumes ; 
the Mechanics' Institute, 3,000 volumes ; besides which, the 
New York Lyceum and the Lyceum of Natural History 
have each valuable libraries and other collections. 

The Astor Library was founded by John Jacob Astor, 
who, in his will, appropriated $400,000 for*' the establish- 
ment of a public library upon the most ample scale and 
liberal character, for general use, free of expense to persona 
resorting theret<>I" Of this amount, Mr. Astor directed that 
a sum, not exceeding $75,000, should be expende(#in the 
erection of a building, on the E. side of Lafayette Place; 
that $120,000 should be expended in the first outlay for 
books and other objects: and that the residue, over $200,000, 
should be permanently invested as a fund for its main- 
tenance and gradual increase. The library edifice, built of 

5S5 



NEW 



NEW 



brown freestone ami brick, is a very handsome structure, 
both in exlL-rior anil interior. Its dirnenbioris are — 65 feel 
fVont, 120 feet in lengtli. anir2 stories in iKlghi, G7 feet from 
the side-walk to the Inp of the parapt-l. The interior is most 
coinmodiously arranged, and will conveniently contain 
100,000 volumes. Over 60,000 \olumes have already t>ei'n 
purebascd, ehiefly in Europe, The library will be oX)ened 
for public use in 1653. 

PeHodtcul Press. — The whole number of periodicals 
published in the city in June, IS50, was V25, of which 14 
were issued daily, 9* semi-weekly, 5S weekly, 8 on Sunday. 
6 semi-monthly, 30 monthly, and 2 quarterly. Names <tf 
dailies: "Herald'' (iridep.), "Tribuni!" (whig), "Sun" (neu- 
tral), "Courier and Knquirer" (wliig), "Journal of Com- 
merce*' (neutral), "Expriss" (whig), "Morning Star'" (neu- 
tral), "Commercial Advertiser" (whig), ''Evening Pust*' 
(ft-ce soil), "Evening Mirmr" (whig), "Mcrchanis' Day- 
Book" (whig), " Globe" (dem.), Deutsche Schnell Post" 
(German), and " New Yorker Demokrat" (German). Each 
of these issue other editions weekly or semi-weekly. The 
dailies, with many of the weeklies, surpass those of any 
other city in the Union In their intrinsic merits, size, capital 
involved, and circulation. The total circulation of the S 
dailies in 1S5D. at each issue, was 154,261 copies, being over 
one-sixth of all the dailies prini*Hl in the United States. 
The largest circulations attained by different issues, were: 
Of dailies, the " Sun," 55.000 copies ; of weeklies, the " Trib- 
une," 4S.(iO0 ; of monthlies, the " American Messenger" 
(relig.), 211,000. 

Oily Governtnent, Departmeiits^ Institutions, Piihlic 
Works, etc,—T\\G government is vested in the mayor, re- 
CordeT, and Common Cnuncil, which body consists of the 
two boards of aldermen and assistant aldermen, each com- 
posed of 19 members, 1 from each ward. The mayor and 
aldermen are elected once in 2 years, the assistant aldermen 
annually. There are 9 executive departments, viz., police, 
finance, streets, repairs and supplies, streets and lamps, 
Croton Aqueduct, city inspectors, alms-house, and law. The 
number of civil courts is 4, besides 5 ward courts ; of crimi- 
nal courts, 3. besides 3 police courts. 

Bo'peyises <yf Govemjuent —The total exTienses of the city 
government in each year since ISOO, is exhibited in the fol- 
lowing statement of the amount raised each year for city 
purposes : 



yean. 


Amount. 


Ye.ir.. 


Amount. 


Ycirn. 


Amount. 


ISOl ... 


.. $76,000 


1S19 .. 


. $250,140 


1S36.. 


. $1,085,130 


1803 ... 


. . "p.OOO 


1S20 .. 


. 270,361 


1837 .. 


. 1,260,000 


ISOS .. 


. . 75,000 


1S21 .. 


. 259,4:30 


1833.. 


. 1,800,000 


1804.. 


.. 75,000 


1822 .. 


. 803,106 


1839. 


. 1,200,000 


1S05 .. 


.. 127.917 


1823 .. 


. 351,814 


1840. 


. 1,100,000 


ISOC .. 


.. 127.815 


1824 . . 


. 853,328 


1341. 


. 1,265,000 


ISOT... 


.. 119.155 


1S25 . . 


. 830,854 


1342 . 


. 1,100,000 


ISOS .. 


.. 13S.9S5 


1S26 .. 


. 583,759 


1843 . 


990,000 


1309 .. 


.. 139,027 


1527 .. 


. 437,692 


1844. 


. 1,298,922 


1810 . . 


.. 129,727 


1828 .. 


.. 485,762 


1S45. 


. 1,389,4S7 


1811 . . 


.. 176.973 


1829 .. 


.. 507,107 


1846. 


. 1,754,823 


1812 .. 


.. 174.920 


1830 .. 


. . 609,173 


1847. 


. 1,746,361 


1S1.3 . . 


.. 174,727 


1S31 .. 


.. 502,104 


1843. 


. 1,992,150 


1814 .. 


.. 214,225 


1832 . . 


. . 665,386 


1849. 


. 2.302,604 


1815 .. 


.. 197,91.3 


18133 .. 


.. 971.866 


1850. 


. 2,576,8J5 


1816.. 


.. 180,654 


1^34 . . 


.. 885,605 


ISol. 


. 2,924,-193 


1817 .. 


.. 210,7211 


1835 .. 


.. 965,603 


1852. 


. 8,378,-3.35 


1818 .. 


.. 255,741 











The debt of the cily, on 1st January, 1845, was : 

Permanent Di-lit $12,881,760 42 

Temporary " 1.147,914 80 



Total 



. $14,029,665 22 



In 18.52, aecording to the message of the mayor, it was : 
Permanent debt redeemable from sink, fund $14,573,908 00 
Temporary debt redeemable from taxation . 710.000 00 



Total $15,23s,908 00 

586 



The following table exhibits the amoimt of taxation in 
deeades of years sinee 13U0, and the conii)arative increase 
of taxation and population during the suiue periods : 

liicreasff of 

reriuds. Amount. ' — t 

Tax. per ct. Pop. per cL 

lSOl-10 $1.082,656 — 59 

1311-20 2,112,379 95 28 

1821-30 4,127,030 95 64 

1831-10 9.915,094 141 .'. 54 

1841-50 16,367,182 ........ 65 65 



Total tax in 50 years, $38,634,891 ; inl851 and •52, $0,302,323: 
Total lax in 52 years, 89,937,719. 

The rate of tax, per head, in different years was as fol- 
lows : 



Years. 


Rale. 


Years, 


Rale. 


Years. 


Rate. 


Years. 


Rate. 


1300. 


.$1.24 


1815. 


.$3.32 


1830. 


.$2.51 


1815. 


.$8.61 


18(15. 


. 1.69 


1820. 


. 2.1S 


ims. 


. 3.57 


1350. 


. 5.00 


1810. 


. 3.85 


1825. 


. 2.08 


1840. 


. 8.82 







The amount of corporation property owned by the city 
in 1851, consisting chiefly of real esta'e, piers, wharves, 
etc., as estimated under direction of the controller, was 
$19,505,310 8S. Of this property, a large portion lying in 
the upper part of the city was sold at aaelion in 1S52. The 
same estimate gave as the total cost of the Crulon Aqueduct, 
$14,041 ,5S3 95 \ of the Keeeiving Reservoir, $134,000 00; of 
the Distributing Reservoir, $152,000 00. 

The statistics of the various departments of the city are as 
follows: 

Police Department. — The city is divided into 19 patrol 
districts, each ward constituting one, which are patrolled by 
a total force of 941 policemen, averaging 50 to each ward. 

Crimimil Statistics.— Tho sla*.istic3 of the criminal courts 
of the city for the years 1S51-52 are as follows : 

Whole nutnljer of tn.^la 18S3. 1851. 

In the Court of Oyer and Terminer 14 . . 14 

In the Court of General Sessions 4^7 .. 41T 

In the. Court of Special Sessions 2,405 . . 2,079 

Toiil 2,S66 .. 2,510 

The total number of convictions 'n these courts during 
the year 1851 was 2,494 ; of which 1.530 were for petit lar- 
ceny ; for assault and battery. 703 ; burglary, 47 ; gr.and lar- 
ceny, 105; forgery 17, etc. During 1851, the number com- 
mitted to the cit)' prison was 10,522, making, with 221 
remaining on January 1, 16,54-3.- Of these, 12,955 wero 
discharged. 8,390 sent .o the penitentiary, 192 to the State 
prison, and 3 were executed. The sUi.tistics of the peni- 
tentiary on Blaekweli's Island for the year 1S52 were as fol- 
lows: 

Remaining in penitentiary Dec. 81, 1851 879 

Received during the year 1852, males ^,017 

" ■ " « females 2,34S 4.365 

Total -. 6,a44 

Discharged, males 1.913 

" females 2,290 4,203 



Eeraaining in penitentiary Dec. 31, 1S52 1,041 

Ahih^-ITouse PrpartmeiH. — This department has chaise 
of all the city institutions for the relief of the poor, eU;. ; the 
penittiitiary, prisons, work-house, asylums, hospitals, etc. 
The principal buildings on Blaekweli's Island are very large, 
and eonlain several thousand inmates. The charge (»f theso 
institutions is c<imniitled to a board of 10 governors. The 
real e:^tate occupied by this department was valued in 1851 
at $1,200,000, 

The combined statistics of the total expenses of the city 
hospitals, asylums, nurseries, and prisons for the year 1S50, 
were as follows : 



NEW- 



NEW 



InstJtulinris. Total Expf-nses. 

Alms-IIonse $30,1 ns .^S 

BoHlvuc Hospital 45,279 13 

City Prison 13,sn2 SI 

Colored Home T,6(54 53 

Colond Orplian Asvluro 2,007 13 

Lunatic Asylum 31,(i44 11 

Nursery 3S,2ilG 53 

Nursery Hospital 14,n40 03 

Oflicf 23,127 69 

Out-Door Poor ^ 6n.5ll7 04 

Penitenliiiry * 69.895 53 

Penitentiary Hospital 3,917 62 

Police, Office of the Chief of 5n 01 

Prison. M District. 1,^95 93 

Prison, 3a District 1 ,369 44 

R.in.iall's Island 10,507 S3 

Small Pox Hospital G4:J 55 

Storeh-.use, Blackwell's Island 29,445 03 

Storelioiise, Randall's Island 10,SS3 T5 

■\Vf>riv -House 11,430 35 

New Work-House Building 2,455 40 

ToUiI monthly cost of supplies, $406,652 60. 
Of 4 of these institutions, the following are some of their 
Btatistics for the year 1S52. 

Nir.MBEB OF INMATES. 
Reinaimrii Admitted Discharged K»>mainlng 

Dec. :;i. 1^51, in 1852. and died. Dec, 31, 18.V3. 

Bellovne Hospital. 6o9 5,0S9 5,132 516 

Alms-llouse — — — 1,207 

Lumitic Asylum.. 517 495 4S5 527 

Nursery 1,419 1,773 1,8S1 1,311 

Of the Alnis-IIouse inmates— 1,023 were born in foreign 
countriis, and 245 \n the United States; 653 were males, 
614 females. There are three large dispensaries, whose free 
charitable ministrations have for many years been of very 
great assistance in relieving the medical wants of the poonrr 
classes. According ti) recent police returns, 13.450 persons 
were found living in 3.743 underground basements. Nearly 
one-third of these persons were classified as dirty in person, 
and their basements of the same description. 

Croton Aqueduct Department— The Croton Aqueduct 
was commenced in 1S37, and its completion celebrated Oct. 
14th, 1&43. It is 40i m. long, commencing at the Croton r., 
in Westchester co., 5 m. from Hudson r. The dam, built 
of stone and cement, is 250 feet long, 40 feet high, 70 feet 
thick at its base, and 7 at its tup. The pond thus ertfated is 
5 m. long, covering 400 acres, and estimated to contain 
500,000,000 gallons of water. The aqueduct, built of stone, 
brick, and cement, and arched over and under, is 6 feet 9 
inches wide at its bottom, 7 feet 5 inches wide at the top, 
and S feet 5 inches high, has a descent of 13J inches per m., 
and will discharge 60,000,000 gallons in 24 hours. It crosses 
Harlem r. on a magnificent bridge of stone, 1,450 feet long, 
supported by 1-4 stone piers, and which cost nearly $1,000,000. 
The receiving reservoir is between Sixth and Seventh 
avenues, and Seventy-ninlh and Eighty-sixth streets, cover- 
ing 35 acres, containing 150,000.000 gallons of water, and 
cost $134,000. TDhc distributing reservoir, on Fifth Avenue 
and Forty-second Street, is a most massive structure, is 2,120 
feet square, covering over 4 acres, containing 25,000,000 
gallons, and cost $152,000. Thence the water is distributed 
over the city in iron pipes, of which, in 1S52, 315 m. length 
had been bid. The daily consumption is about 30,000,000 
gallons. The supply is considered adequate for three or 
four times the present population of the city. In 1351 the 
total cost of the Croton Aqueduct and its connections was 
$14.041 ,5rU. Its revenue now amomits to nearly $500,000, 
and is steadily increa^^ing. 

Fire Dej^artment. — Engine companies in 1S51, 49, with 
84 engines, 49 hose companies, with carriages, and 58,500 feet 
of hose, S hook and ladder companies. 3 hydrant companies ; 
•whole number of firemen 2,172. The real estate used by 



the Fire Department was valued, in IS.'il, at $151,300. Sta- 
tistics of fires in 1S52 — total number, 325; of false alarms, 
193; loss of 'buildings by fire, $223,423; loss on stock, 
$l,o59,603 ; number of persons who lost their lives by fires, 13. 
MarkeU, etc. — There are 14 principal markets, the build- 
ings of which occupy large areas of ground, but aro 
utterly unworthy of the city, oeeupyiri*g real estate, valued 
in 1851 at $1,109,000. Of these, the largest and most im- 
portant is Washington Market, in Washington Street, front- 
ing on the Hudson Eiver. Its business is chiefly whole- 
sale, and more extensive than any other in the United 
States. The followin; 
aggregate yearly sales 



are approximate estimates of ita 



Poultry trade .... $1 .000,000 
., 17,500,000 
.; l.OOO.OOO 
15,000 

,$2S',452.000. 



Meal trade $5,000,000 

Fruit " 2,300,000 Vegetable " 

Butter " 430,000 Egg " 

Honey " 9.000 Nut " 

Fish " 643,000 

Total yearly sales of all kinds of produce 

The other markets are more occupied with the retaU 
trade. 

The following statistics of the cattle trade, for the years 
1351 and '52, give only an approximate statement of the 
consumption of meat in the city. 

Sales of beeves, etc., in the New York cattle market, in 
1S51 and '52 ; 

Tntal Cfiwpnnd Slieep aiiJ 

Sales. Beeves. Calves. I.mnljs. 

1S51 88^994 5,4'i6 264,200 

1S52 105,225 5,6SS 823,000 

/.nT7W^s.— Total number of licensed omnibuses, Feb. 1, 
1S50, 425, paying $7,630 ; number of same in 1352,. 30 lines, 
having a full number of 800 stageg, of which 445 licenses 
pay $12,330; total number of licensed hacks in 1350,431, 
paying $fi,133. Of other principal licenst^s, the following i3 
a summary for 1S02 : Cartmen, 4,233 ; dirt carts, 1,460 ; pu4>- 
lie porters, 245. etc. 

Summary of tavern licenses during 1850-52, the years 
ending Dec. 31 ; and of liquor Ucenses during 1350-52, the 
years ending May 1 ; also the number of licenses granted in 
1^52, after May 1 ; and the total number of places where 
rum is sold, as reported by the police : 

18S0. 1851. 

TavemUcenses ..4.52S... .5,047.. ..5.980.... — .... — 
Liquor " . . 8,986 .... 4,553 .... 6,190 .... 5,796 .... 6,303 

City Jiailroacls. — The Fourth Avenue E. R:, belonging 
to the Harlem P^. R., has been in operation for several years. 
During 11 hours of the day, cars nm every 7 minutes from 
the Astor House to Twenty-seventh Street— fare 6 cents. 
The Sixth Avenue E. E. went into operation on Aug. 11, 
1352. Cars are run every 4 minutes for 12 hours of the day, 
from Vcsey Street to Forty-fourth Street — fare 5 cents. Aq 
immense number of persons, averaging, in 1S52, over 10,000 
daily, use these cars, as also those of Eighth Avenue E. E.' 
The receipts from its opening to Dec. 1, 1852, were $40,451. 
The Eighth Avenue R. E.went intooperalion 31st Aug.. 1S52. 
The cars run every 4 minutes during the greater part of the 
day and evenings, from Vesey to Fifty-first streets— fare 5 
cents. The daily nimiber of passengers, in 1352, averaged, 
over 11.000. The receipts of the road, from its opening, 
during the year 1852 (4 months 1 day) were $59,500. In 
1S53, branches of the above roads are extended through 
Canal Street to Broadway. Other avenue railroads are in 
rapid construction, of which the principal are on tho 
Second and Ninth avenues, extending to the lower part of 
the city. 

Benevolent Institidion^.—The charitable institutions, not 
under the charge of the city corporation, but established 
and sustained by the sjTnpathetic liberality of associations 
and the citizens, are highly creditable to the character of 
New York. Of these, the New York Hospital, in Broad- 
way, opposite Pearl Street, is among the principal. It was 

587 



After M;iy I. 
1*^62. I85i. SolJ. 



• • NEW 

founded in 1771. It consists of 3 large stone edifices, finely 
located in a beiiutiful, spacious janl, very commodious, and 
well fitted up. and will accommodate 400 patients. It has a 
large annual revenue, but which is annually expended. 
The total number of patients admitted from December 31, 
1829, to December ^1, 1S52, was 54,076. The number re- 
maining Deceml>er 31,1851, was SOI ; number of admissions 
during ls52, 3,448 ; number discharged in 1S52, 3,4u7 ; num- 
ber remaining Decembtr 31, 1S52, 342. It is the oul> gene- 
ral hospital of any note in the city. 

The Bloomingflale Asyhnn for the Insane, located at, 
Bioomingd^lc, near (he Hudson river, between Tenth and 
Elevenih avenues, One Hundred and Seventeenth and One 
Hundred and Twentieth streets, 7 miles from the City Had, 
is a branch of the New York Hospital, which went into 
operation in June, 1S21. There are three very large and 
commodious buildings of hewn stone, with 40 acres of ground 
beantifiUly laid out into pleasure-grounds, gardens, etc. The 
Btatistics of this institutJon for the year 1S52 are as follows : 

Kumber of patients in Asylum Jan. 1, 1852 122 

Admitted during the year 102 

Discharged " " 87 

Died « " IS 

Number of patients in Asylum Dec. 81, 1852 119 

Eeceipls during the year $31,137 47 

Expenditures $3ti,'254 61 

Balance in treasury $SS3 86 

Value of products of the farm in 1852 $5,261 00 

The total number of patients treated since the opening of 
the Asylum approximates 5,000. 

The New York Institution for the Instruction of the Deaf 
and Dumb is located l»etwcen Fourth and Fifth avenues, 
and Forty-ninth and Fiftieth streets. 8J miles from the City 
Hall. The principal edifice, occupied since lS29,'is a very 
handsome structure, 5 stories high, 110 feet long, and 60 feet 
wide. The whole number of patients at the institution in 
1852 was 303; number discharged during the year, 44; 
number remaining Dec. 81, 1852, 259; of whom 143 were 
males and 116 females. These were supported as follows: 
by the Stale of New York, 162 ; by the city of New York, 
16 ; by the State of New Jersey, 13 ; by then- friends, 31 ; by 
the Institution. IG; by the Commissioners of Emigration, 1. 
Expenses in 1852, $43,000 ; receipts, $41,000. 

Tlie Institution for the Blind, on Ninth Avenue, Thirty- 
third and Thirty-fourth streets, is a large and splendid 
edifice of granite, in Gothic style, and one of the finest orna- 
ments of the city. The total number of inmates during 
1852 was 150 ; number remaining Dec. 31. 1S52, 103. 

Orphan Asylums. — The New York Orphan Asylum, situ- 
ated at Bloom ing'l ale, near Hudson river, on Seventy-first 
Street, 4J m. from City Hall, is a handsome building of 
stone, in Gothic style, 120 by 60 feet, connected with 9 acres 
•of ground, and contains several hundred children. The 
Protestant Half-Orplian Asylum is in Sixth Avenue, be- 
tween Tenth and Eleventh streets. The Colored Orphan 
Asylum, on Fifth Avenue, between Forty -second and Forty- 
third streets, is a large institution in .flourishing condition. 
Number of children Jan. 1, 1852, 201 ; admitted in 1852, 
5T; remaining Dec. 31,1862. 207— boys, 130; girls. 77; total 
number admitted since opening of the asylum, 631; receipts 
and expenses during 1852, each about $16,000. The Eomau 
Catholic Orphan Asylum, in Prince Street, near the Cathe- 
dral, is a very large institution, under charge of the Sisters 
of Charity. On Dee. 31, 1S52, it contained about 700 chil- 
dren— 300 girls and 400 boys. Expenses of the year, $25,000. 

Other asylums are, th« Home for Aged Indigent Females, 
having, in 1S52, 87 inmates; expenses and receipts in same 
year, about $4,000. Asylum for Lying-in Women, wliich, in 
1852, accommodated 141 women in confinement, etc; the 
Colored Home, Magdalen, Friendless Boys, and others. 

There are five dispensaries, which annually afford medi- 
cal aid to vast numbers of the population. Of these the 
fiSS 



t 

NEW 

New York Dispensary was established in 1790. the Northern 
in 1S27, tlie Eastern in 1S30, the Demill in ISSl, the North- 
western ill 1S52. The aggregate applications to thy -flrat 
three, in 1852, for medical aid, was 79,379 ; number of vao 
cinalions, 6.S16. 

Institutions for Seamen. — On Staten Island are three large 
and most excellent institutions for seamen ; viz., the Marine 
Hospital at Tompkinsvilte, near the Qu.iranline ground, 
consisting of 3 buildings; the Seaman's Uelreat; and the 
Sailor's Snug Hart)or, on the N. si<le of the ii^land. which 
provides a home for aged and decayed S'-amen, and pos- 
sesses an estate, bequeathed by Capt. Randall, now valued 
at $1,000,000. 

lieiigious Soci^ies. — ^New York contains many of the 
central oflBces and publication establishments of those great 
r.-ligious denominations and societies which embrace in 
then- labors the whole nation. Some of their printing 
offices are among the largest in the city — viz., American 
Bible Society, which in 1S53 erected a splendid edifice in 
Fourth Avenue, cor. Ninth Street, consisting of an entire 
block, six stories high ; Methodist Book Concern in Mul- 
berry Street; American Tract Society in Nassau Street, and 
many others. The anniversaries of these societies are cele- 
brated during the second week in May. and are occasions 
of much interest 

Population. — ^The following statistics exhibit the amount 
of the population of New York at various intervals since its 
foundation, as furnished by the enumerations and estimates 
of the earlier period, and later by the official returns of the 
census, periodically taken under the authority of the Slate, 
and of the United States, together with the numerical in- 
crease between the consecutive periods with the actual ratio 
for such times, and the correspondmg ratio for decennial 
periods, where the interval is more or less than ten years: 

Itatio of Increase. 



Years. 
1656 ., 

1673., 
1696 . 
1731 . 



Pop u la tic 



Numerical 
locrea^e. 



1,000 — .... 

2,500 1.600 

4,302 1,803.... 

8.C2S 4,.526.... 



A<-tu.-k[ KsU Cecenaial 
Percent Percent. 



150.00 83.23 

73.08 81.88 

100.61! 28.73 

17.56 10.3S1 1,753 20.33 8.13 

1773. 21,870 11,495 110.78 65.13 

1776estim.. 26,000 csUm.. 4,124 estim.. 20.00 — 

17S6 23,614 " \ 2.3^<5ae..76 7.94 6.U 

I 1.73Stnc'73 — — 

'1790 33,1.31 9,517 40.80 100.75 

1800 CO.+S* 27,.S5S 82.57 8?.37 

1805 7.V70 15,281 2.5,20 50.52 

1810 96,378 ...'... 20,608 27.19 54.38 

1S14 92,443 3,925dec... 4.()7dec... — 

1S16 100,619 8,171 8.84 44.20 

IS30 128,706 23,037 22.94 67.85 

1825 166.0S6 43,880 84 26 68.52 

18.30 202.5S9 86.503 21.97 4-3.94 

1835 270.089 67,500 33.33 60.64 

1840 812,710 42,621 15.78 31.56 

1845 371,233 58,613 18.71 87.42 

1850 515,507 144.2S4 . . . . , . 8S.S3 77.76 

Tlie average decennial increase from 1656 to 1850, is 
about 40 per cent., whicli has been steadily ahead, except 
dnrinj; the two periods of war with Great BriLiin. The ratio 
of increase in other periods has been materi.ally checl^ed by 
the followins causes: French and Indian war of 16S9-97 ; 
yellow fever in 1741-2 ; tlie " noi^o plot" of tlie same years ; 
great Ore of 1741 ; and the French wars of 1744-48, and 
1754. There has been no period of ten years' length, since 
1756, in which the population has not incrcised. 

POPULATION BY PERIODS OP GOVERNMENT. 

rerin,Is. Pop. ;it close. lacreaae. Katio. Dec. eqalT, 

Dutch ....lG1.3-16^4... 1,700... 1,700... — — 

F.nglish... 1664-1783... 23,614... 22.000. . .1,300 1,000 

American .1783-1850. . .515,507, . .491,893. . .2,283 3,411 



4v 



NEW 



NEW 



BEFORE AND AFTER Tins UNITED STATES CONSTITUTIOK. 

IVrrr..]-. Pi.|i. at close, liicrfase. Rjitio. Cent, equiv. 

Before.... 161:?-1790... 33.1.31... 33.131... — — 

After 1790-1S50. . .616,*>T. . .4Si..3T5. . .1,468 2,42T 

The populaliim of the city has doubled, since 1G06, niite 
times, or in each average period of 21 J years; since 1790,.;^;^/' 
times, or in each 15 years ; since 1600, three limes, or in each 
average period of lli| years. 

Comparison of the growth of the cities of New York, 
Philadelphia, Boston, and Baltimore, since 1790; 

Three N. y*.iper 



Bnlt. 

13.503.. 74,r](il 44.7 

2G.514..1:!1,S16 4S.9 

46,4.55.. 192,915 50.0 

62.785.. 243.1:33 61.0 

80,620.. 330,973 61.2 



rears. N. York. ' Fliil.rd. Boston. 
1790.. S3.1.A.. 42,620.. 1S.03S.. 
ISOO.. 60,489.. 81,005.. 24,297.. 
1810.- 96.373.. 111.210.. 85,260.. 
1820. .123,706- .137,097. . 43.298. . 
1880- -202,5S9- -188,961 - - 61,392- . 

1840- .812,710. .258.037. . 93,883. .102,513. .453,933 68.9 

1S50- .515,607. -408,815. .133,733- .139,048. .734,734 70.2 

By the census of 1S50, New York exceeds in population 
fourteen of the Slates of the Union. 

MorUiUty. — The annual ratio of deaths to the population 
has for several years been 3 per cent., which large propor- 
tion is to be attributed in a very great degree to the foreign 
Immigration, the alms-houses, etc, and not to the natural 
unhealthiness of the cily. 

Wealth. — The following statements exhibit the valuation 
of property in the city from 1800 to 1S62 inclusive. The 
first statement exliibits tlie total valuation until 1826; the 
second table, from 1825-52 inclusive, distinguishes each class 
of estate : 



Totjl 

TearB. Valuation. 

1300 $24.4S0..370 

1305 25,f45.S67 

1306 26.529,630 

1807 24,959.956 

1808 25,113,720 

1309 24,732.267 

ISIO 26.4.36,370 

ISll 26,046,730 

1812 26,343,040 

1813 27,640,230 

1814 32.901,497 



Years, 

1815 . 

1816 . 

1817 . 

1818 . 

1819 . 

1820 . 
1321 . 
1832 . 
1823 . 
1834 . 



.--$31,636-042 

... 82,074,301 

... 78,395,725 

... 80,24.5,091 

,.. 70,11.3,061 

... 69..530,7,53 

... 68.232,070 

... 71.289.144 

... 70,940,830 

... S3,075,670 



Years. 
1825. . . 
1826... 

1827... 
1823... 
1839... 
1830... 
18:31... 



Re.il F-t..te. 

$58,4;!5.395 .. 

64.912,3.51 .. 

72.617.770 . , 

77,1."!9,SS0 . . 

76,.531.390 . . 

87,003.530 .. 

97.221,370-. 

1332 104,042,406 .. 

183.3 114,129,661 .. 

1834 123,249.280 .. 

13-36 143,732,453 .. 

1836 2-33.743.303 . . 

18D7 194,4.50.109 .. 

1S38 194-513.359 .. 

18-39 196,773,434 .. 

1840 137,121.461 .. 

1S41 186,347,246 .. 

1842 176.512,843 ., 

1843 1G4,9.50,.515 , 

ISH. 171,936,591 ., 

1S4.5 177.100,790 . 

1846'. ia.430.954 .. 

1847 137,31 4..336 . 

1843 19:3.027.576 . 

1849 197.761.919 . 

1350 207,146,173 ., 

1851 227,013.^56 , 

J352 252,186,758 ., 



Personil Esr.nte. 

.. $42,734,1.31 .. 

.. 42.5:34.0:31 .. 

.. 3!l,.5n4,1.56 . . 

. , 80.379,658 . . 

,. 86,084,1.36.. 

. 37.634,938 . . 

. . 43,063,844 . . 

, . 42,260,313 . . 

. . 52,36.5,636 . . 

.. 63,299,331,. 

.. 74,931.378. 

. . 75.7.58,017 . . 

.. 67,297,241 

.. 69,609,533 .. 

. . 70,014.796 . . 

.. 65,721,099 .. 

.. 66,430.456.. 

.. 61,294,.559 .. 

.. 63,046,576 .. 

.. 64,02.3,456.. 

.. 62,777.523.. 

.. 61,471.571 .. 

. . 59,&37,91T . . 

.. 61.164,451 .. 

. . 68,45,5,174 . . 

. . 79,9:39,240 . . 

. . 93,094,602 

.. 98,520,043 



Total. 

..$101.1611.046 

.. 107.477,731 

.. 113 311.926 

.. 114,019,533 

.. 112.616,1136 

.. 136,388,613 

.. 130,230,214 

.. 146,302,618 

.. 166,495.187 

.. 186.548.611 

.. 213,723.703 

.. 309.601,920 

. 263.747,350 

. 2tM,l 62,941 

. 206,739.230 

. 2,52,343,103 

. 251,777,703 

. 237,800,901 

. 227.997,091 

. 235,060,047 

,. 239,933,318 

,. 344,962,505 

,. 247,153.306 

,. 354,103,027 

.. 256.217,093 

280,0^6.416 

.. 320.103.368 

.. 361,706,796 



Tho amount of wcallli per head at the different periods 
named, has been as follows: 

1300 $404 80} I 1830 $613 4SH 

ISIO 274 31i 1S40 806 41 

1820 663 06 |lS50.... 554 99J 

In 1350, 2 estates were a-'-iessed for over $1,000,000. Ex- 
clusive of incorporated companies, 7 estates were assessed 
on $500,000 and upward. The several properties above 
$17,600 were ; 

Amount,. j.^.^-^,' A„,o„„„. 

$500,000 to $1,000,000, ... 7 $70,000 to $30,000 
400,000" 500,000.... 3 60.000" 70,000 

400,000,... 34 

300,000..., 58 
200,000,... 223 

100,000.... 43 

90,000.... 64 



300,000 " 
200,000 " 
100,000 " 

90,000 " 

80,000 " 

The proportionate increase of population and wealtli in 
New York, in each consecutive period of 10 years, siuce 
1300, is as follows ; 

Irnrease. Inrrease. 



60,000 ' 
50,000 ' 
40,000 ' 
80,000 ' 
20,000 ' 
17,600 ' 



109 

00,000 195 

60,000 271 

40,000 445 

3fl,000 957 

20,000 773 



Yeara. 



Pop. 

lSOO-10 35,334 ... 

1810-30 27,-333 ... 

1320--30 78,383 ... 

13:30-40 110,121 ... 

1840-60 203,3:35 ... 





I'fip. 


Weallli 




per tent. 


per cent. 


$1,950,000 , 


.. 69 . 


8 


43,094.:;33 . 


., 23i, 


... 163 


■56,75;.T06 . 


.- 64 . 


.. SO 


137.6.54,(^5 . 


.. 54 . 


.. 102 


33,242,253 . 


.. 65 . 


... IS 


(261,599,046 . 


. . 862 . 


...1,168 



lSOO-50 455,056 .... $261,599,046 

ITlMoncnl S^etcJi. — The history of New Tnrk city is 
lUreclIy divideil into Ihrce periixls, durinj; which it ha3 
belonged la ihe lliree governments, Holland, Enijhind, and 
the State of New York. viz.. 1609-1664, 1G64-1TS3, 1TS3-1S53. 

Dutch period : Sept. 3, 1609, ITendrik Hudson discovered 
the ishiiid ; 1613, the settlement of '• Xcw Amsterdam" was 
commenced ; 16"21, the Dutch West India Company com- 
menced operations; 1626, the island was purchased for $24; 
1652, New Amsterdam was incorporated, and the govern- 
ment passed from the West India Company into the hands 
of 2 burgomasters and 5 assistants called schepens, and 1 
schout or sheViff; Sept., 1C64, the English took the province. 

English period : 1664, name changed to New York ; July, 
1673, retaken by the Duteli and called "New Orange," and 
held by them 1 year ; 16S6, Jamea II. abolished the repre- 
sentative system, etc.; 16S9, Leisler insurrection; 1690, a 
colonial congress assembled here; Nov., 1G96, city lighted 
by ordinance; 1711, slave market established in "Wall Street; 
1720, 2 per cent, laid on European imports; 1725, *' New 
York Gazette" appeared; 1730, enlarged charter granted 
by Gov. Montgomerie ; 1732, stage routes eslaHished to 
Cost.in and Philadelphia, traversed once a month ; Sept, 21, 
1776, 403 houses consumed by tire, i of whole city; 1741-2, 
"Negro plot" and yellow fever; 1765, a colonial congress 
assembled here; 177G-17s3, Revolution; Nov. 25, 1783, 
evacuation of British army and end of English rule 

American period: April 3'», 17S9, Wasliington mangur- 
ated first president at Federal Hall, on site of present 
custom-house ; 179S, yellow fever. 2,0S6 deaths, which re- 
turned in 1S03 and in 1305, and again in 1S22 ; 1S07, Fulton's 
Ble.amboat on Hudson river; 1511. large fire; lS12-15,'war 
with Great Britain, which suspended all commerce; 1S2G, 
Erie Canal completed and great celebration; 1S32, Asiatic 
Choler.i — 1.360 deaths; Dec. 16, 1S35, conflagration of 643 
buildings, total loss $25,000,000 ; 1837, commercial revulsion ; 
Oct. 14, lS42,eeIebr.ition of completion of Croton Aqueduct; 
1^5, conflagralion of 546 buildings— loss $6,00n,000; 1S49, 
cholera: 1S50, Collins' Steamers to Liverpool; May, 1S51, 
Erie K. K- completed to Dunkirk ; 1S52, avenue railroads ; 
1 S53. success of the Ericsaoa Caloric Steamship ; city charter 
reformed. 

589 



« * 



NEW 



The environs of the city, though physically separated, 
nnd of themselves hirgc cities (separately described in their 
alphabetical order), are, to all intents and purposes, part of 
the metropolis, originating from, and dependent upon, its 
prosperity. See Bkooklvn, Willia-Msduro, etc. 

or the entire melropcditan district, now the first in the 
New World, it may auramarily bo said, that the past is 
Indicative of its lUuirc, promising to increiise witli each 
succeeding year its permanent prosperity, until it surpasses 
all cities, ancient and modern. ^ • 

New York, p. v., Sumter county, Ala. : 116 miles w. 
Montgomery. 

New Tock (of the Pacific), p. v.. Contra Costa county, 
Call/. : 26 m. E. by S. Vallejo, at junction of :iacramento 
and San Joaquin rivers, which here form the bay of Suisun. 
Vessels of large size can go up fVom the sea to this point. 

New York; p. o., Montgomery co.. Teun, : 40 m. N. W. 
Nashville. 

New Y'ork Mills, p. v., Oneida county, iV. Y. : 90 m. 

W. N. W. AUiany, on Sadaquada er.. 2 m. S. Whileeboro', 

noted for its extensive cotton factories, etc. 

Ney, p. o.. Defiance co., O/do: 120 m. N. W. Columbus. 

Nev, p. o., De Kalb CO., Ul. : 163 m. N. by E. Springfield. 

NiAOABi county, N. Y. Situate W., and contains 4S4 

Bq. m. Drained by Tonawanda, Tuscjirora, Johnson's, 

Howell's, and Cavuga creeks. Surface various, rising in 

gradual swells from the N. to the ridgo in the interior of the 

county, and thence declining gently lowiird Tonawanda cr. 

—in general it may be said to be level; soil fertile and easy 

of liUa-'e, but best suited for pasturage— in some portions it 

is productive in grain, fruits, etc. CTiief productions wheat, 

Indian corn, and potatoes ; it is .also a fine dairy county. It 

* contains nianv minerals and abounds in fossils ; it also has 

some sulphur springs. This county, in connection with 

Niagara district of Canada, contains the celebrated cataract 

of Niagara. Farms 8,14.3; raanuf. -336; dwell. 7,4-35, and 

pop -wh. 41.973, fr. col. 301-total 42.274. CuiMal : Loclc- 

port. I'lMic lIo,*.s.- Eoehesler, Lock-port, and Niagara 

Falls E. n. ; Buffalo and Niagara Falls It. R. : Buffalo and 

Lockport i;. li. ; Canandaigua and Niiigara Falls E. E. ; 

Erie Canal, etc. 

NiAOAEi. t., Niagara co., 2f: Y. : on E. side of Niagara r., 
270 m. W. bv N. Albany. Tliis t. is situated on the Mount- 
ain Eidge, and declines toward the S. SurlVice undulating ; 
soil calcareous gravelly loam, underlaid by lime and gyp- 
stim. Drained by a few small streams, and orf its \V. side 
by Niagara river. Attached to this t. arc Goal Island, and 
oUier islands, and the American division of Niagara FaUs. 
Fop. of 1. 1.951. 

NiAOvui river and falls, JK F. ; this river, connecting 
Lake Erie with Lake Ontario, is 86 m. long, and its general 
course N N W. Commencing at Bufi-aio, it is there J m. 
wide from 40 to CO feet deep, and flows with a current of 
4 m per hour. Three miles below Buffalo, at Black Itock, 
it furnishes water to the Erie Canal, by the St-ate pier built 
in the channel, upward of a mile in length, 50 feet wa^e at 
its base, 30 feet wide at its top, and cost $300,000 From 
Black Rock is a steam ferry to tVaterloo. Canada. The 
river now craduallv widens in its descent toward Grand Isl- 
and, which it meets C m. below Bnflalo. and passes with Us 
main channel on the W. side. Grand Island is 13 m. long, 
in its widest part 6 m. wide, contains 17,351 acres, belongs 
to New York etc. (.S« GUAKD island.) Below Grand Isl- 
and, in the mail, channel, near the Canadian side, is Navy 
Island, conlainhig 304 acres, which lK.longs to Canada, an,l 
was occupied by the insurgent, in 1S.3T-S, under Maekenr.ie. 
Having pas-sod lh.se islands, 8 m. above the falls, the <li- 
videdlmiiiehes of the river re-unite, flowing with rapid 
current, 2 m. broad, but narrowing as it apiiroaehra the 
faUs. About 1 in. above the falls commence the Great 
Eapids, whiih, before reaching the falls, have a descent of 
B2 feet, pres.ntiii2 a grand appearance. At the falls the 
river is i m. wide, but is divided by Goat Island, which is 
690 



NIA 

i m. long, i m. wide, contains ,71 acres, and extends to the 
brow </the precipice, where it presents a mass of rocks, 
nearly perpendicular, extending from the brink to the bot- 
tom of the Ml Owing to the .lecllvily of the bed of the 
fixer before reaching the fall* being greater upon the Cana- 
dian side than on the American, to a heiid in the river, and 
to Goat Island being nearer to the American than the Can- 
adian side, by far the greater bo.ly of water falls on the 
Canadian side of Goat l8lan<l. or, as it is generally «llcd. 
Horseshoe Fall. The following tablo exhibits in comprehea- 
sive form the measurements of the " ^ 

FALLS OK nIBAGAEA. 

Extent of the Horseshoe Falls on the Canadian 

side - 2,200 feeL 

Breadth of Goat Island, between it and the 

nan *( 

American side *""* ^^ 

Breadth of falls on the American side 1,140 

The whole extent, or more than ' mile 4,331 

Height of the Horseshoe Falls IBO 

Height of the American Falls 160 

Extent of the Cave beneath the Horseshoe Falls 

from the outside of the Termination Rock ... 163 
Height of the Cave is estimated by Capt. Hall at 100 
The estimated quantity of water discharged over 
the falls is calculated at 48.624.000 cubic feet, 
or 113.510.000 gallons per minute. 
Depth of the river above the falls as hear as can 

be approached, about -5" 

Breadth of the river at the ferry 1.1^0 

In the rapids above the American Falls, about midway 
between the shore and Goat Island, is Hath Island, 24 rods 
in length, and containing about 2 acres. From the shore 
to this island is a bridge 2S rods long, crossing the rapids 
64 rods above the falls. From Bath Islan.l, another bridge, 
16 rods long, extends to Goat Islaml. On Goat Island fine 
views are obtained of both falls. At the S. W. angle of this 
island, on some rocks near the verge of the precipice, and 
which are reached by a footway called T.>rrapiu Bridge, 
extending from rook to rock, there has been erected a stone 
tower, 46' feet high ; upon its top is an open wooden gallery, 
whence is afforded a direct view of the abyss below. From 
the front of Goat Island there is a descent (ISo feet) to the 
bottom of the falls by a covered staircase (erected by the 
late Nichohas Biddle, Esq.. of Philadelphia). From the foot 
of this staircase there are paths for some distance behind 
each of the falls. Behind the Central Fall is the celebrated 
Cave of the Winds, formed by a recess in the wall of the 
precipice, 153 feet long, 50 feet wide, and 100 feet high. 
The best and most comprehensive view of the entire falls 
is obtained on the Canada side at Table Rock. On the 
American side a descent Is afforded by cars on an inclined 
plane to the shore below, whence a steam ferry boat named 
Maid of the Mist, plies over these foaming depths near the 
falls, to the Canada side, where a winding carriage road is 
constructed to the heights above. The width of the river is 
here } mile, nnd its depth 250 feet. The banks of the river 
below the falls have a craduul ascent for 6 m., from which, 
and other hicts, many' suppose that the falls have, in the 
course of ages, receded from below to their present position. 
A mile and a half from the falls is the wire suspension 
bridge, 800 feet long, 40 feet wide, and 230 feel above the 
water. It is supported by 16 wire cables, 1.100 feel long, 
and upward of 12 inches in circumference, having a strength 
equal to 6,.500 tons tension strain. The Whirlpool, 8 m. bo 
luw the falls, is produced by the projection of a rocky pro- 
montorv, and in it" logs and trees are frequently whirled 
aroumlVor weeks in succession. One mile below this whirl- 
pool is an excavation fr.im the side of the bank, containing 
about ! acres, and 150 feet deep, called the Devil's Hole. 
The river, in its d-sccnt to Lcwistoii, 7 m., falls 104 feet, 
.ind flows with great velocity. Near Lewiston the bank is 
810 feet high, but below il diminishes to 25 or 30 feet, and 



NIA 



NOA 



holds Ihis height to Lake -Ontario. Tbe river falls 2 feet in 
Its descent from Lewiston to Lake Ontnrio, a distance of 
7 m., making a total descent nf 3S4 feet in its course uf 
86 m. from Lake Krie to Lake Oniario. At its moutli it is 
defended on the American side by Fort Niagara, lumims in 
history, and garrisoned by U. S. artillery, and un the Cana- 
dian side by'Fort Georgi-. Here also is Fort Niagara Ligbt- 
' house. 5f<? LicuT-nousFS. 

NiAGAP.A Falls, p. v., Niagara co., A\ Y. : on E. bank nf 
Niagara r., at [lie f;d!s, 270 m. W. by N. All.any. This 
beautiful and thriving v. derives its business and importance 
mainly from its iimxiniity t<\the falls and its accessibility by 
raiiruads— from Buffalo, 22 m., and fmm Loekport, 'il m. 
A railroad to Lewiston is also in construction. Here are 
several very large hoiels, acconimodaling in the best slyle 
thousands of visil<jrs annually. In the v. are 3 churches, 2 
academies, and a number of mills xising water-power from 
Niagara river. Pop. about 1,000. 

NiANTic. sla., New London co., Conn.: on New Haven 
and New London E. E., 5 m. W. by S. from New Loniion, 

NiccoTToo. p. v.. Arkansas county, Ark:: ou 3. bank of 
Arkansas r., 60 m. S. S. F. Little liock. 

Ntcholas f!ounty, Ay. Situate toward tho N. E., and 
contains 2SI sq. m. Drained by Licking r. and its branches. 
Surface rolling; soil fertile, and there is muq^ fine pasture 
for cattle, etc.- On ihe streams is some excellent land, well 
cultivated, and very productive. Staples, sugar, wheat. 
Indian com, and tobacco. Farms 711; raanuf. .3-3; dwell. 
1,497, and pop.— wh. 8,0S3. fr. col. 165. si. 1,513— total 10,361. 
Capital: Carlisle. Public Works: Lexington and Mays- 
ville K. R. 

Nicholas county, Virff. Situate "W. centrally, and con- 
tains 676 sq. m. Drained by Gauley an<l Elk rivers antl 
their branches. Surface moderately uneven; soil fc-rtile. 
It is bounded on the S. W. by the Great Kanawha rivi-r. 
Chief productions, wheat and Indian corn, and il is a fine 
grazing county. Farms 418; manuf.l; dwell. 602, and 
pop.— wh. 3,SS9, fr. col. 1. slaves 8,S90— total 7,789. Cap- 
itul : Nicholas C. H. Public Works-: Covington and Ohio 
Railroad. 

NiriroLAS, p. o., Sutter co., Orpg.Ter.: on E. bank of 
Feather r. S4 m. N. E. by N. Vallejo. 

Nicholas C. U., p. o., and cap. Nicholas county, Virg. : 
102 m. W. N. W. Lichmond. 

NiCHOLASviLi.K, p. V.. and cap. Jessamine co., Ky. : on a 
branch of Kentucky r.. 27 m. S. S. E. Frankfort, 

Nichols, L and p. v., Tioga co., IT. Y. : on S. side Sus- 
quehanna r., 145 ra. W. S. W. Albany. Surface of t. hilly ; 
soil gravelly loam. The v. is situated on the river upon a 
plain, very fertile and highly cultivated. Pop. of t. 1,90.5. 

Nicholson, t, and p. v., Wyoming co., Pemi.: drained 
by Tunkhannnck cr. and tributaries, 103 m. N. N. E. Har- 
risburg. The Tunkbannock Mountain extends across its 
N. part. 

Nicuoupon's Store, p. o., Choctaw county, Ala. : 134 m. 
"W. by S. Montgomery, near Mississippi State line. 

Nicholsonville, p. o., Putnam co., Ind. : 40 m.W. S. W. 
Indianapolis. 

NiCHous villi:, p. c, Clermont co., Ohio : 84 m. S. W. 
Columbus. 

NicnoLviLLB. p. o., St Lawrence co., K Y. : on E. branch 
Of St. Eegis r., 14S m. N. N. "W. Albany. 

NicKFLL'8 Mills, p. o., Monroe Co., Virg. : 290 in.W. S.W. 
Richmond. 

NiCKOJACK Catk, Dade co., Ga. This remarkable cave 
Is in the extreme N. W. corner of the State. It contains 
numerous passages, spacious rooms, with tall columns, 
arches, etc. From its month issues a large stream, called 
Nickojack cr, which, for more than a mile within the cave, 
is 20 feet wide and boatable. The month of the c-ave is 177 
feet wide; the height from tho water to the roiif, 49 feet; 
thickness of the roof above, S2 feet. 

NicoLACS, p. v., and cap. Sutter co., Calif. : on left bank 



of Feather r., SO m. N. E. by N. Vallejo. It has a delight- 
ful locati<m, and is supported by a fine back country. Tho 
main stage road between Sacramento and Marysvillo passes 
through it. Pop. about l.OtiO. 

NicoLLKT lake, Juab cl, Uttth Ter. : 80 ra. S. S. E. from 
Great Salt Lake, GO m. W. N. W. Fillmore City. 

NicoLLKi- river, Utah Ter. : rises in the mountains in 
Iron county. 100 m. S. by W. Fillmore City. It first runs 
N. N. E., draining the ea.sti-rn portions of Iron and Millard 
Counties; in the latituile of Fillmore City il bends to the 
N. W., and on reaeliing tjie boundary of Juab ci). il runs 
nearly due "W". for 45 m., and empties into Nicollet lake. 
NicoNZA, p. o., Miami co., /«</, ,■ 70 m. N. Indianapolis. 
NiDJiKWE lake. La Pointe co., HV.ve. ; between Meminis 
and Namebin lakes, the head of Namekagon r. 

NiGnx's Praireb, p. o., Hamilton co., Ill, : 138 m. E. 9. E. 
SpringfiLdd. 

Nile, p. o., Alleghany county, 2i. Y.: 230 m. W. by S. 
Albany. 

NiLES, t., p. v., and sta., Berrien co., Jfic/i. : on E. bank 
of St. Joseph's river, near entrance »jf Dowagiake r., Ill m. 
S. VC. by ^V. Lansing. The Michigan Central 11. II. passes 
thmngh the v., 191 m. from Detroit, 91 nL from Chicago. 
The V. is pleasantly situated, contains numerous mills, and 
docs a large business, connected with the fine farming 
country around il. Here is located a branch of the SUite 
University. Three newspapers are published weekly: 
the "Intelligencer" (whig), *' Kepublicau" (dem.), "Ex- 
press"' (dem.) 

NiLES, t. and p. o., Cayuga co., iY Y.: situate between 
Skaneateles and Owasco lakes, 141 m. W. by N. Albany. 
Surface rolling; soil exceedingly productive, especially of 
wheat. Pop. 2,053. 

NiLKS. p. v.. Cook CO., III. : on W. side of the N. branch 
of C'hicygo r., 174 m. N. N. E. Springfi(dd. 
NiLES, p. o., Trumbull co., Ohio: 144 m. N. E. Columbus, 
Nlmisila, p. v.. Summit co., Ohio : 96 m. N. E. Columbus. 
NiMMo^'8 Cross Koads, p. o., Morrow co., Ohio: 35 m. 
N. Columbus. 

NrxE Eagles, p. v., Decatur co., la. : 130 m. W. S. "W- 
Iowa City. Drained by branch of Crooked Fork of Grand r. 
Nine Mile, p. o., Bledsoe county, Tenn. : 93 m. E. S. E. 
Nashville. 

Nine Mile creek, 2^. Y. : rises in S. part of Onondaga co., 
and flows N. into Onondaga lake. 

Nine Mile Prairie, p. o., Perry co., III. : 126 m. S. by E. 
Springfield. 

Nine Points, p. o., Lancaster co., Penn. : 35 m. E. 9. E. 
Harrisburg. 

Ninety-Six, p. o. and sta., Abbeville dist., .S'. Car. : 75 m, 
from Columbia, ou Greenville and Columliia K. R. 

Nineveh, p. v., Broon*e co., A' Y. : on "W. side of Sus- 
quehanna r., 102 ra. W. S. "W. Albany. 

NiNEVKn, p. o., Johnson co., Ind. : on Nineveh cr. of E. 
fork of 'VN'hite r., 27 ra. S. by E. Indianapolis. 

Nineveh, p. o., Warren county, Virg. : 103 m. N. N. "W". 
Eichmond, on branch of Manassas Gap It. R. 

NiPPENOSE, t. and p. o., Lycoming county, Penn.: 67 m. 
N. by "W. Harrisburg. Drained by Nippcnose cr. on its TV. 
side, and the W. branch of the Susquehanna on the N. 
border. Surface hilly ; soil calcareous loam. 

NiSHNAiiATONA river,/'(. and Mo. : rises in Audubon co., 
/(/., flows S. W.. and passing through N. W. comer of J/o., 
empties into llie Missouri river. 

NiSKAYUNA, t. and p. o., Schenectady co., K Y. : 13 m- 
N. N. W. Albany, on S. side Mohawk r. Pop. 783. 

NiTTANY, p. o., Centre county, Penn.: 70 m. N. TV. 
Harrisburg. 

NivEi:v[iLB. p. v., Columbia co., iV! }'. ; 18 m. S. by E. 
Albany; has several mills and factories. 

NixuunG, p. o., Coosa county, Ala, : 82 m. E. N. E. 
Montgomery. 
NoAJi, p. 0., Shelby co. Ind, : 30 m. 8. E. Indianapolii 

591 



NOA 



NOR 



KoANK, p. 0., New London county, CoTva. : 45 m. S. E. 
nartlbrd. 

Noble county, Zud. Siliiate N. E., and contains 423 
sq. m. Drained principally by Elkhart r. and its branches, 
wliich traverse its N. and central porlioua. Surface level 
and diversiflcd, with lake« ; soil fertile, and adapted to the 
growth of grain. Chief productions wheat, Indian corn, 
potatoes, pork, butter, and vegetables of all kinds. Timber 
iflfoun<l en the land. Farms 7t'2; manuf IG ; dwell. 1,395, 
and pop.— wh. 7,940, fr. col. 6— total 7,946. Capitul: 
Albion. 

NoDLB covinty, Ohio. Situate toward the S. E., and con- 
tains S96 sq. m. Drained by head branches of Wills cr., a 
Iribulary of Muskingum r.. uud by branches of Duck creek, 
a tributary of the Ohio. Surface uneven, and in parla billy ; 
soil fertile, and adapted to corn, wheat, and fruit. Tine 
ancf olher timber is found on the hind, and bituminous coal 
is extensively distributed. Noble was erected in ISol. 
Capital : Sarahsville. 

Noble, p. v., Noble county, Ind.: 110 m. N. by E. 
Indianapolis. 

NoBLHBORoiTGn, t. and p. v., Lincoln co., Me. : on E. side 
of Damariscoita r, 23 m. 9. E. Augusta. The lumber busi- 
ness and ship-build '.ng are carried ou extensively. Popula- 
tion 1,40S. 

NoBLF. Centre, p. o.. Branch co., Mich.: oa N. side of 
Fawn r, 71 ra. S. S. W. Lansing. 

Noble Ikon Works, p. o., Noble county, Ind.: 113 m. 
N. by E. Indianapolis. 

NoBLESTow'>-, p. v., Alleghany co., Penn. : on a branch 
of eiiarlier's creek, 170 m. W. Harrisburg, 10 m, 8. W. 
Pittsburg. 

NoBLl':s^^LLE, p. v., sta., and cap. Hamilton co., liuh: on 
E. bank of W. fork of While r., 20 ra. E. N. E. Indianapolis, 
on the Peru and Indianapolis R. K. Tt contains the court- 
house, a fine county seminary, several hotels, and numer- 
ous stores, four churches. " The Plaindealer" (neuL) is 
published weekly. Pop. CGS. 
NoBsccE Point Licht, Mass. See Light-houses. 
NocirwAY, p. o., Kandolph county, Ga. : 136 miles S. "W. 
Milledgeville. 

NoDAWAV county, Mo. Situate N. W., and contains 720 
eq. m. Drained by LitUe Platte r. and its branches, tribu- 
taries of the Missouri river. Surface generally even ; soil 
a deep, dark loam, and fertile. It has some good timber. 
Farms 241 ; manuf. 3 ; dwell. 325, and pop.— wh. 2,048, fr. 
col. 0, si. 70— total 2,11 S. Capitul: Nodaway C. H. 

Nodaway, p. 0., Page co,, Ja. : 200 m. W. S. W. Iowa 
City. 

NoDAWAT, p. v., Andrew county, Mo,: 180 m. N. "W. 
Jefferson City. 

NoDAWAT river, hi. and Mo. : rises in Adair co., Mo., 
flows S. through Adams and Page counties ; then passing 
into N. W. corner of Mo., falls into the Missouri r. between 
Holt and Andrew counties. 

Noel's, sta., Hanover co., Virg. : ou Virginia Central E. E., 
83 m. from liichmond. 

NoKAY river, Benton co., Minn.: rises in a chain of 
lakes, flows S. W., and empties into Mississippi r. at Fort 
Gaines. 

Noland's river, Navarro co., Tex. : rises in the Cross 
Timbers, flows mainly in S. direction, and enters Brazos r. 
above Fort Graham. 

Noland's Fkeby, p. o., Loudon couuty, Vlrg. : 112 m. N. 
Eichmond. 

NoLANSTiLLB, p. o,, BcU CO., Tfep. .* OH Nolaud's cr. of 
Leon r., 62 m. N. by E. Austin City. 

NoLENsviLLE, p. V., WilUamson co., Term. : IS m. S. E. 
Nashville. 

NoLicuL'CKT river, X Car. and Tenn.: rises in Yancey 
CO., N. Car., flows W. through the Blue Eidge, and enters 
French Broad r., S m. N. W. Newport. 
Noun, p. v., llardin co., Ky. ; 93 m. S. W. Frankfort. 
592 



NoLiN creek, A'y. ; rises in llardin and La Ete counlie.s 
flows S. W., forming the boundary belwt-en Grayson and 
Hart counties, and empties into Green r. near Brownsville, 
Edraondson county. 

No Man's Land island. Dukes co., M<iA>t. : lies off S. "W. 
end of Manila's Vinc.vard, 4 m. 5. Gay Head. It consiata 
chiefly of a nia^s of ruckit. • 

NoMiNY Grove, p. o., Westmoreland co., Virff.: 51 m. ■ 
N. E. Eichmontt 

Nun Conner, p. c, Fayette co., Tenn, : 156 m. W. B. W. 
Nashville. 

NoNPAHEiL, p. 0., Knox cotmty, Ofaw: 36 miles N. E, 
Columbus. 

Norfolk county. Mam. Situate E., and contains 350 
aq. m. Drained by the Charles and Neponsett rivers and 
their affluents. Surface uneven, and in paris rocky ; soU 
generally fertile and well cultivated. In Quincy a fine 
granite quarry is found, the products of which are carried 
down to the Neponsett r. by a railroad 3 m. long, the first 
built in the United States. This co. has many important 
manufactures. Farms 2,63T; manuf. 900; dwell. 12.545, 
and pop.— wh. 7S,6G1, fr. col. 231— total 78,S92. CapiUd: 
Dedham. PtiUic Works: Norfolk County E. E. ; Old 
Colony E. E. ; Boston and Providence E. E. ; Fall Eivcr 
E. E. ; Boston and Worcester E. E. ; South Shore U. E. ; 
and numeroifi branches, also the New York, New Haven, 
and Boston (air line) E. E., now in progress. 

NoEFOLK county, Mrg. Situate S. E., and contains 432 
sq, m. Drained by Elizabeth and Pasquotank rii'ers. Su> 
face level; soil moderately fertile. Indian com is the chief 
agricultural product. It contains the greater portion of the 
Dismal Swamp. Commerce is by far the greatest interest 
of the county. Farms C43; mauuf. 175; dwell. 3,906, and 
pop,_wh. 20,370, .fr. col. 2,206, si. 10,400— total 33,036. 
Capital: Norfolk City. Public Works: Sea-board and 
Eoanoke E. E. ; Petersburg and Norfolk E. E. ; Dismal 
Swamp Canal, etc. 

Norfolk, t. and p. v., Litchfield county, Conn. : 36 m. 
W. N. "W. Hartford. Surface of t. raounUiinous ; soil grav- 
elly loam, and stony. Drained by Blackberry river and 
branches. Contains several mills, tanneries, and factories. 
Pop. 1,641. 

NottFoLU, t and p. v., St. Lawrence co., 2^. T. : on Eackel 
r., 163 m. N. N. W. Albany. Surface of t. undulating; soil 
rich loam. The v. is situated at a fall in the river which 
aflbrds great water-power, used by several mills, etc. Pop. 
of 1. 1,753. 

NoiiFOLK, p. b., port of entry, and cap. Norfolk county, 
Virg. : on the N. E. bank of Elizabeth r., at the ennfluence 
of its two branches, 8 m. above Haniplou Eoads, 33 m. 
from the ocean ; 80 ra. S. E. by E. Eichmond. Lat. N. 
860 50' 50"; long. W. 76^ IS' 47". This is the chief com- 
mercial port in Virginia, and is remarkable for its harbor, 
which is very accessible, spacious, and deep enough for the 
largest vessels. Its site is on low and marshy ground, and 
formerly unhealthy, but is now provi^led with sewers, and 
kept clean. The streets are generally irregular, though 
some are wide, straight, and neat. The houses are not re- 
markable for elegance, but many of them are substantial 
buildings. It contains a court-house, jail, fine market-house, 
custom-house, an athenreum, with a library, academy, orphan 
asylum. 8 banks— capital $991,000, some good hotels, and 
8 churches. The cemetery, ornamented wilh cypress trees, is 
very iieaulifully laid out and adorned. Norfolk is eliiefly dis- 
tinguished as being the princip.al naval ir^tation in llu' United 
States, having the finest navy yard, dry dock, and naval 
liospital in the natioiL The na^-y yard is on the ^y. side of 
the r. at'Gosport. The dry dock is constructed of hewn 
granite, and cost 1^974,536. At this station is the ship Penn- 
sylvania, built at Philadelphia, and lautiebed in 1S37. r>ur- 
decker, tlie largest in the navy, mounting 120 guns, which 
is here uscti as a reroiving ship. The hospital is on a point 
directly opposite Norfolk, very large, commodious, and 



NOR 



NOR 



honllhity siluatoil. A ii:ival officer is stationed at this port. 

The total toiinnge of Norfulk district on SOth June, 1S50, 

■was 24.135 tons, of which 10,542 were registered, 13.n93 

wore enrolled and licensed. Of registered tonnage 3,144 

tons were pemuuienL, and 7,893 tons temporary. Of the 

enrolled and licenced tonnage l'2.ool were permanently 
employed in the coasting trade ; 1,354 tons were propelled 
by steam ; 1,242 tons were licensed under 20 tons. During 
the year ending June v30, ISoO, the total number of clear- 
anres for fort-ign counlrics was 140, tons 26,7G5. men in 
orewsl.lGS; total number of entrances from foreign coun- 
tries 74, tons 14,281, tnen in crews 6S4. Vessels built during 
the year 6, tolal tonnage, 60S. Norfolk is connected by the 
Sea-board and Iloauoko K. R. (from Portsmouth to WeUlou, 
* N. C, 80 m.), Willi the great line of li. R. on the Atlantic 
coast. A railroad from Petersburg to Norfolk is in construc- 
tion. A line of stt'.imships plies semi-weekly to New York. 
Four; daily newspapers are published at Norfolk: "Bea- 
con." (ntut.), " Argus'' (deni.), '• Courier" (neut), " N. and 
P. Herald" (whig). Eacli of these issue ti*i-weekly editions. 
Pop. in 1S40, 10,920; in 1S50, 14.320. 

NoEMANSKiLL. A^. T. .' riscs in Schenectady oo., flows 
S. E. through Albany co., and empties into Iludsou r. at 
Belhhhem. 

NoRKiTiGEWocK, t, p. V., and cap. Somerset co., Me. : on 
Kennebec r., 2S m. N. Augusta. The v. on the N. bank rf 
the r. in the bend is very pleasant, having broad streets 
lined with fine trees; contains the co. buildings, church, 
and academy. A bridge across the r. connects it with S. 
Norridgewock. Tliis t. Is noted in history as the seat of the 
Norridgewock Indians, and for a French Jesuit mission. 
Pop. 1,S4S. 

NoRKB Creek, p. o,, Lincoln co., Tenn. : 66 m. S. by E. 
Nashville. 

NoEEisTowx, p. v., Pope CO., Arl\: on N. bank of 
Arkansas r., 60 m. N. W. Little Rook. 

NoERtSTOWN, p. v., Carroll co., Ohio: 102 m. E. N. E. 
Columbus. 

Nop-F.isTowx, t., p. h., and cap. Montsomerv co., Peiin. : 
on N. bank of Schuylkill r., SO ra. E. Harrisburg. Surface 
of t. level: soil red shale, and fertile. The Schuylkill has 
here been dammed so as to create an immense water- 
power, and is used by extcu'^ive manufacturing establish- 
ments. A fine bridge here spans the Schuylkill, which cost 
182.000. The Norristown and Philadelphia R. E. connect 
these places 17 m. distant. On the opposite side of the river 
passes the Philadelphia and Reading R. E. TTero also are 
the locks of the tL-huylkill Navigation Co., around which 
and the railroad dep6t is a small vill.age. 

NoRRFTosTiLLE, p. V., Montgomery co., Fenn, .• S4 m. E. 
Harrisburg. 

North river, St John's co., Flo7\ : a small stream run- 
ning parallel with the Atlantic coast, emptying into St 
Augustine harbor. 

Nor.ni Acrox, p. o., York comity, Me.: 63 m. S. "W. 
Augusta. 

NoR-ni Adams, p. t. and sta,, Berkshire co., Mass.: on 
Iloosac r., lOS m. W. N. W. Boston. Here terminates the 
N. Adams and PittsSeld R. R., 20 m. from Pittsfield. It 
contains 3 churches ; 1 bank, capital $155,000; and numer- 
ous factories moved by water-power from Hoosac r. Tho 
principal manufactures are cotton goods and woolens. 
The Troy and Boston K. R. will pass through this place. 

North Adams, p. o., JefTtTson county, y. F. ; 146 m. 
N. "W. by W. Albany. 

North Adajis, p. o., Hillsdale county, Jiflch. : 56 m. 8. 
Lansing. 

North Adeian, p. v., Lenaweo co., Mich. : 6Q m. S. S. E. 
Lansing. 

North Albany, p. c, Oxford co., Me. : on Crooked r., 
61 m. 'W. Augusta. 

North Almo>1), p. o., Alleghany co.» 27: Y.: 27S m. 
W. by S. Albanr. 

3S 



North Amherst, p. v.. Hampsliire co., J/.f.w.; 70 m, W. 
Boston ; contains several stores and manufiictories. 

Noi'.tuampton county. A' Cur. Situat j \. iC. and con- 
tains 4S0 sq. m. I>ramed by branches of Meherrin r. in the 
N. E., and of Roanoke in S. W., which rivers lorm ita bound- 
aries in the dirrolious indicated. Surface even and diversi- 
fied ; soil very fertile, and there is some good pasture land. 
Cotton, Indian corn, and tobacco are the chief iiroduetioiis. 
Farms 614; manuf. 7; dwell. 1,341, and p<.p,— wh. 5,;i04, 
fr. col. S30, si. 6,511— total 13,335. Capital; Jackson! 
J'tiUic Wor/cs : Petersburg K. R. ; Sea-board and Roan- 
oke R. It. ; Greenville and Ro.anoke R. R., trte. 

Northampton county, Perm. Situate E., and contains 
41S sq. in. Drained by Lehigh river and other small streams, 
tributaries of the Delaware. Surface uneven and hilly, and 
is pleasantly diversified with fertile valleys ; soil exceedingly 
fertile, and i)roduces large crops of wheat, Indian corn, 
potatoes, etc. Pine and other timber is foun«l on the land, 
lis manufactures are extensive, and great attention is paid 
to agriculture. Farms 2,102 ; manuf. 424 : dwell. G,S3C. and 
pop.— wh. 40.099. fr. col. 136— total 4*1.235. Capital: 
I'Jasion. Public Works : several railroads from Easlon west- 
ward are projected. 

Northampton county, Virff. Situate S. on the eastern 
shore, and contains 410 sq. m. Drained by numerous small 
creeks falling into Chesapeake Bay and the Atlantic Ocean. 
Surface low and level; soil generally fertile. Chief produc- 
tions, Indian corn and potatoes. Farms 376; manuf. 11: 
dwell. 693, and pop.— wh. 3,105, fr. col. T45, si. 3,Gl^— loUil 
7,493. Capital: Eastville 
NoRTHAMi'TON, Pcoria CO., PI. .' 77 m. N. Springfield. 
Northampton, t, p. v., and cap. Hampshiret co., J/a-ss.; 
on W. bank of Connecticut r., SI m. W. Boston. Lat. N. 
4^^ 10' 9", long. W. 720 S3' 15". Surface of t pleasantly 
diversified; soil very fertile and well cultivated. The 
scenery of this t is celebrated as among the most beautiful 
in New England. The v. is irregularly but handsomely 
laid out, and contains many handsome dwellings and 
grounds. The public county buildings are handsome, sub- 
stantial structures. There are 2 banks, with cap. of $400,000. 
A fine stream, passing through the centre of the t, affords 
gooii water-power to several manufactories of cotton goods, 
sewing silk and ribbons, woolen goods, etc. On an eleva- 
tion W. of the v., called Round Hill, is an extensive w.atcr- 
cure establishment. A fine bridge, 1,0S0 feet long, crosses 
the Connecticut r. to Hadley. Mount Tom, in this t, 1,214 
feet iiigh, and Mount Holyoke, on E. side of the r., S30 feet 
high, are much visited for the deliirhtful prospects alTonled 
of Connecticut valley. The "Hampshire G.azettc" (whig) 
and " N. Courier'' (fr. soil) are published weekly. Churches 
in t. 8. The Connecticut River R. R. passes through the v., 
17 m. from Springfield. Pop. in 1S30, 3,613 : in 1S40, 3,750 ; 
in 1S50, 5.27'^. 

Northampton, t and p. o.. Saginaw co., MicTi. : on the 
Shiawa'yiee r., 36 m. N. E. byN. Lansing. Pop. 122. 

Northampton, t and p. o., Fulton co.. y. Y. : on Sacan- 
daga r., 3-> ni. N. W. by N. Albany. Surface of L mostly 
level ; soil sandy loam, of good quaUty, and well watered. 
Pop. 1,701. 

North Andotee, p. v. and sta., Essex county, Mas'). : on 
Great Pond, a small lake, emptying into Merrimac river, 
26 m. N. by "W. Boston. The Boston and Maine R. R. and 
the Essex E. R. pass through this v. Great Pond covers 
nearly 500 acres; its outlet affords water-power. 

North Anson, t and p. o., Somerset co., Me. : on W. 
aide of Kennebec r., and intersected by Seven Mile brook, 
33 m. N. by "SV. Augusta. Pop. of 1 1,16S. 

North Appi-eton, p. c, Waldo county, Me, : 27 m. E. 
Augusta. 

North Aec.yt.e, p. o., 'Washington CO., iV. T. : on Moses 
kill, 44 m. N. N. E. Albany. 

North AsuBtTRNUAM. sta., "Worcester county, Mass.: on 
Cheshire R. E., 13 ra. from Fitehburg. 

6^8 



NOR 



NOR 



North Ashford, p. v., 'Wmdham county, Conn. : 23 m. 
E. by N. Hartford. 

NoETH Attleboko', p. T., Bristol county, 3fass. : 80 m. 
S. 8. W. Boston. Here are several manufactories. 

NoETii ApBrEN, p. o,, Cumberland co., Me.: on W. side 
of Androscoggin r., 2T m. S. W. Augusta. 

NoETU Augusta, p. v., Des Moines co., la. : on N. bank 
of ^kunk r., 63 m. 3. by K. Iowa Cily. 

North B.ingok, p. o., Penobscot co., 3fe. : on "W. side of 
Penobscot r., 66 m. N. E. by E. Augusta. ^ 

North Bangoe, p. o., Franklin county, Jf. Y.: 154 m. 
N. by W. Albany. 

NoETH Barnstead, p. 0., Eclknap co., y. ITump. : 13 m. 
N. E. Concord. 

North Barrisgton, p. o., Strafford county, N. JTamp. : 
23 ra. E. Concord. 

NoETtt Bay, p. o., Oneida CO., I^. Y.: 112 m. W. N. W. 
Albany. 

North Beckett, p. t. and sta., Berkshire county, Mass. : 
105 miles W. Boston, on Western Itailroad, 37 miles from 
Springfldd. 

North Belgrade, p. v. and sta., Kennebec co., 3fe. : 
on W. sid5 of Snow's pond, 12 m. N. Augusta. The An- 
droscoggin and Kennebec E. K. passes througb tbe v., 10 m. 
from "Waterville. 

North Belleville, p. v. and sta., Hendricks co., Ind. : 
19 m. W. S. W. Indianapolis, on Terre Haute and Kich- 
mond R. R. 

North Belmont, p. o., Waldo co.. Me. : 82 m. E. by N. 
Augusta. 

Noeth Belttngham, p. v., Norfolk county, Mass.: 27 m. 
B W. by S. Boston. 

NoETu Bend, p. v., De Kalb CO., Ala. : on E. side of 
Wills cr., 144 m. N. by E. Montgomery. 

North Bend, p. o.. Stark co., Iml. : on Tippecanoe r., at 
its greatest bend, 9S m. N, by W. Indianapolis. 

NoRTn Bend, p. v., Piatt county. III. : 67 m. E. N. E. 
Bpringfi'-ld. 

North Bennington, p. v. and sta., Bennington co., Verm. : 
104 m. S. S. W. Montpelier. Hero the Western Vermont 
E. R. connects with the Troy and Bennington R. E. Tbe 
T. contains woolen, cotton, and hardware factories. 

North Benton, p. c, Mahoning co., Ohio: 130 m. N. E. 
by E. Columbus. 

North Bentonbport, Des Moines co., Jcr, ,• onN. bank of 
Des Moines r., 65 m. S. S. W. Iowa City. 

Nor.TH Bergen, p. o., Genesee co., 2^. T. : 223 m. W. by N. 
Albany. 

North Bernardstown, p. v., Franklin co., Masai. : 81 m. 
W. by N. Boston. The Connecticut Kiver E. E. passes 
through the t., 42 ra. from Springfield. 

North Ber'wiok, t, p. v., and sta., York co., Me. : 83 m. 
8. W. by S. Augusta. Drained by a branch of Salmon r. 
The Portland, Saco, and Tortsmouth R. R. passes through 
the v., 34 m. from Portland. Pop. of t, 1,593. 

NoETu Bethel, p. o., Oxford co.. Me.: on S. bank of 
Androscoiigin r., 41 m. W. by N. Augusta. 

North Blackstone, p. o., Worcester <:o., Mass.: 35 m. 
8. W. Boston. 

North Blanfoed, p. v., Hampden co., Mass. : 99 m. W. 
Boston. 

North Blenheim, p. c, Schoharie co., 2^. T. : on Scho- 
harie r., 37 m. W. by S. Albany. 

Noeth Bloomfield, p. v., Ontario county, A^ Y. : 201 m. 
W. by N. AMiany. 

North Bloomfield, p. o.. Trumbull co., Ohio: on E. sido 
of Grand r., 147 m. N. E. Columbus. 



North Blue Hill, p. o., Hancock co., Me. : 63 m. E. by N, 
Augusta. 

North Booth Bat, p. v., Lincoln co., Me. : 33 m. S. S. W. 
Augusta. 

NoETiiBORorGii, t. and p. v., Worcester co., Mif^f.: 31 m, 
W. Boston. Drained by Assabet river and small affluents. 
Surface moderately even ; soil fertile and well cultivated. 
The t. has considerable manufacturi-s. Pop. l,ri;^5. 

North Boston, p. o., Erie county, 3^. 1'.; 263 m. \V, 
Albany. 

North Branch, p. o., Hillsboro' county, Al IZniip.: on 
North Brancli r., 23 m. W. S. W. ConcOl-d. 

North Branch, p. o,, BalrimnrK co., Md.: on N. branch 
of Palapsco r., IG m. W. Baltimore, 86 m. N. W. Annapolis. 

North Branch, p. o., Somerset co., N. Jer. : on N. branch 
of Rarilan r., 80 m. N. Trenton. 

North Blanch, p. o., Sullivan co., N. Y, : 89 m. 8. S. W. 
Albany. 

North Branford, t. and p. v., New Haven co., Conn.: 
9 m. N. E. New Haven. Surface of t hilly and mountain- 
ous ; soil in S. part fertile. Drained by Farm r. and other 
streams. Pop. 1,013. 

NoRTHBttiDGE, t., p. V., and sta., Worcester co., Mass. : 
35 m. S. W. Boston. Drained by Blackslone and Mumford 
rivers and other tributaries, which afford extensive water- 
power. Surface uneven, and somewhat rocky ; soil fertile and 
well cultivated, particularly in the intervals of the streams. 
The Providence and Worcester R. R. passes through the 
village, 12i m. from Worcester. There aro several extensive 
manufactories in the t Pop. 2,229. 

Northbridge Cestee, p. v., Worcester co., Mass. : 86 m. 
S. W. Boston. 

North Bridgeton, p. o., Cumberland co.. Me.: at N. W. 
corner of Long Pond, 51 m. W. S. W. Augusta. 

North Bridgewater, p. o., Oneida county, A^. Y.: SO m. 
W. by N. Albany. 

North Beipgewater, t, p. v., and sta., Plymouth county, 
Mass. : 19 m. S. Boston. Drained by Sidisbury r. Surfaco 
leviil ; soil generally fertile, and well cultivated. The Fall 
River R. R. passes through the v. The commercial and 
manufactaring interests are large. Pop. 3,040. 

North Broadalein, p. o., Fulton county, J^ Fl; 85 m. 
N. W. by N. Albany. 

North Erookfield, t. and p. v., Worcester co., JfoAs. : 
43 m. W. Boston. Drained by small streams, with an arti- 
ficial pond covering nearly SOO acres, for hydraulic power. 
Siu-face undulating ; soil fertile, and woll cultivated. The 
manufactures arc considerable. The Western R. R. p.isses 
through this t. at East Brookfluld, 64 m. from Boston. Pop- 
ulation 1,939. 

North Bkooefield, p. o., Madison co., iVI Y. : 84 m. 
W. by N. Albany. 

North Brownsville, p. o., Piscataquis co., Me. : 84 m. 
N. E. by N. Augusta. 

North BcciisroRT, p. v., Hancock co., Me. : on E; bank 
of Penobscot r., 55 m. E. N. E. Augusta. 

North Cambridge, p. o.. Lamoille co., Venn. : on N. side 
of Lamoille r., 81 m. N. N. W. Montpelier. 

North Camdeidge, p. o., Washington co., A'l K; 32 m. 
N. E. by N. Albany. 

North Camden, p. v., Lorain co., Ohio: 95 m. N. N. E. 
Columbus. 

North Cameron, p. o., Steuben county, 2^. Y. : 192 m. 
W. by S. Albany. 

North Canton, p. v., Hartford CO., Conn.: near Cherry 
creek. 15 m. N. W. Hartford. 



THE STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA. 



North Carolina is situated between the latitudes SS^ 50' and 3flO 30' north, and the longitudes 75^ 2.5' and 84° 80' west 
from Greenwich, or 1° 87' east, and 7° 2S' west from Washiuglon. It is boimded on the 7iorth by Virginia ; on Ibe east 
by the Alhmtic Ocean ; on the south by South Carolina and Georgia ; and on the iveU by Teimessoe. Presenliug a broad 
594 



NORTH CAROLINA. 



ir'>ut to ihe ocean, it gradually contracts iu its breadth, and terminates Westward in a narrow strip, ita lengtb from east 
to west is about 4o0 miles, and its breadth in the eastern section from 120 to l^tJ miles, but iu the west diminishing from 90 
to 20 miies; and it has an area of 45,000 square miles. 

The face of the countrj- presents three distinctive physical conditions. The seaward section is a low plain, covered with 
swamps, and traversed by sluggish sfreams; to this succeeds a belt of undulating country, watered by fresh and rapid 
streams, and iu many portions variegated by hills and knulls ; and the western section is an elevated table-laml. 

The maritime section fijrms, as it were, a chaos of land and water. The entire coast is liuL-d by low, narrow, sand 
islands, broken at intervals, and forming communications between tlie ocean and the lagoons which lie betM^-fn tlie inlands 
and the main land. South of Cape Lookout these inlets are numerous, and tlie lagoons narrower; nijrlli uf lliat heudJaud 
the converse obtains. Extensive shoals extend from Ihe shore seaward, and render navigation dangerous and nm-frtairi. 
and within the lagoons the bars and banks are constantly changing their position. Furious gales, too, are prevalent, so 
that it is difficult for a skillful pilot to avoid Ihe dangers. Ocrauoke inlet is the only navigable pass north of C'apQ 
Lookout, and this at low tide, even in the main channel, contains only six feet water, lioanoke inlet, opposite Uk^ island 
of that name, is now obstructed, but the pass may again be opened. To the northward, between the mainland andNarmw 
Beach Island, stretching down from Cape Henry, Ues Currituck Sound, 50 miles long, and from 2 Ui 1(1 miles broad. West 
of this, running inland, is Albemarle Sound, 60 mileslong, and from 5 to 15 broad. Its waters are fresh, and not subject to 
rise and fall from tibial influences, but they are affected by particular winds. These two sounds communicate with Pamlico 
Sound, which lies south of Currituck, and is SG miles long, and from 10 to 20 miles wide. Its depth is in general about 
20 feet, but shoals abound within it. It opens to the ocean through Ocracoke inlet, and is somewhat influenced by the 
lides. The capes, formed by the sand islands, are Ihe dread of mariners. Cape Lookout and Cape Fear indicate by iheir 
names the dangers tliat surround Ihera. But the most formidable headland is Cape Ilatteras, the elbow of a triangular 
island forming the seaward limit of Pamlico Sound. Its shoals extend a great distance from the land, and render it one 
of the most ugly projections of the American coast. The whole scries of islands which beset this coast are barren and 
desolate, entirely useless to agriculture, and are inhabited only by a few hardy flshennen and pilols. 

From the sea-coast, for a distance of 60 or SO miles, the country is perfectly level, traversed by sluggish and muddy 
streams, and abounding iu swamps and marshes. The soil, except along the banks of the streams, where it is sometimes 
fertile, is sandy and barren. The swamps, so numerous in this section, cover an area equal to one-tenth part of the whole 
Slate. The Great Dismal Swamp, partly in this State, and partly in Virginia, is 30 miles long, and from 10 to 12 mtlca 
broad, extending over a surface of 100,000 acres. In some places it is densely covered with cedars, pines, and cypress, 
and in otliers is impervious, on account of tall and rank grasses and undergrowths. In the centre is Drummond Lake, 20 
miles in circuit. The soil is covered knee deep with water, and though firminsomeparts, consists chiefly of a soft, yielding 
bi'g. Similar in its character, and nearly as large, is Alligator or Little Dismal Swamp, on the peninsula between 
All>emarle and Pamlico sounds. There are otherswamps further south (Catfish, Green, etc.), usually overgrown like those 
spoken of, and equally impenetrable. Many of these have been drained by canaling, and the recovered laudtj have proved 
exi'ellent for the cultivation of rice and cotton. 

Advancing into the country, its physical aspect becomes more and more changed. Immediately beyond the level 
country, the land begins to rise into small hills, stones appear on the surface, and the streams ripple in their courses. A 
little further westward, the scene opens in all the variety of hill and dale that belongs to a fertile country. For 40 miles 
behind the flat region there extends, as far as the lower falls of the rivers, a belt of land, of a surface moderately uneven, 
with a sandy soil, of which pitch-pine is the natural growth. Above the falls the surface is undulated, and stiil further, 
l^eyond the Yadkin and Catawba, is an elevated region, funning a part of the great central plau^au or table-land of the 
Tnited States, and lying 1.000 to 2,000 feet above the sea-level. The peaks of the Blue Kidge of the Alleghauiea, whiih 
have distinct local appellations, tower high above this. Black Muuntain, the highest cidniiualion cast of the Rocky 
Mountains, and about 250 feel higher than the loftiest sutnmitof tlie Wliite Mountains of New Hampshire, has au elevation 
of 6.426 feet ; Itoaa Mountain, the summit of which is a broad meadow, is 6,03S feet high ; Grandfather Mountain is 5,5'>0 
feet high, and Table Mountain has an elevation of 3,420 feet above the sea. Mount Ararat or Pilot Mouniaiu, in Surrey 
County, situated in a comparatively level region, exhibits a striking symmetry of structure ; its form is very nearly that of 
a cyllnd^'r, and it is ascended by a path in some places nearly perpendicular. The view from its summit is grand and 
extensive, although its elevation is much inferior to the peaks above named. King's Mountain, another isolated hill, is a 
ridge extending from Lincoln and Cleaveland counties into York disfrict, in South Carolina, and is celebrated as the site 
of a battle, fought in ITSO. Between the several mountains in the western part of the State, the soil is productive, and 
higlily favorable to agricultural operations, aud, being well grassed, forms extensive pastures, on which large herds and 
flocks find a plentiful subsistence. 

The rivers of North Carolina, though of goodly dimensions, are not navigable for large vessels. They are, however, 
well adapted to boat navigation, and in their upper courses supply Immense mechanical power, which at a future day will 
be extensively used. As a general thing they all have shallow bars, and are frequently interrupted. Many loose them- 
selves in higoons difBcult of access. The principal river, the course of which lies wholly within the State, is Cape Fear 
Uiver. It is, moreover, the only large stream that flows directly to the ocean. The primary constituents of this river are 
the Haw and the Deep, which rise near the northern l)oundary line, and form a junction at Haywood in Chatham 
County ; it falls over the first ledge in the low country at Averasboro' : at Fayetteville it can be navigated by large boats, 
and above Wilmington it forms two branches, which reunite below that town, and liencc flows on in a broad, sluggish 
stream obstructed by sand-bars, and difficult of navigation. These defects, however, have been somewhat remedied IJy 
diminishing the breadth of Ihe river, and by stopping up the smaller outlets, so that the depth of the main channel, as far 
as ■\Vihiiiugion, has now from 12 to 13 feet of water. The direction of its flow is south-east, and the length of it.-* course 
about 2S0 miles. The main entrance to the river^ south of Smith's Island, has a depth of water varj'ing from 10 Uy 14+ 
feet on the bar. The Chowan and Roanoke rivers flow into Albemarle Sound ; the for[ner, which is formed by the union 
of the Meherrin and Noilaway, admits of small vessels to Murfreesboro', and the latter is navigable for the Sound craft a 
distance of 30 miles. Both are navigable for boats to a greater disUmcc— the Roanoke to Weldon, at the foot of the MK 
75 miies; an<i above the fails it affords, with the aid of side cuts, a boat navigation to Salem, 24.o miles. The whole length 
of the Roanoke, from the valley of Virginia, is more than 400 miles. The Tar and the Neuse empty into Pamlico Sound. 
The Tar. which in the lower part of its course expands into a wide estuary called Pamlico River, is navigable for vessels 
drawing flnly S feet of water, to Washington, 30 miles ; and for boats to Tarboro', 90 miles ; and the Neuse, which has a 
longer coursii, is navigable for large boats to Kingston. The ocean entrances to both these rivers arc channels in which 

595 



NORTH CAROLINA. 



there is only ID feet water at hi^h tide. Tbe Waccamnw pixpses into SouOi Carr>lin;i. flowing lor a considerable diBlunce 
near and parallel with the coast. The Lumber and Vadkin also pass into that State, in which they are known aa the 
Little and Great Pedee. The Yadkin is a long river traversing the Slate from near its northern boundary, and is navig- 
able for boats almost to its source. The Catawba, which rises in the lihie Mountains, also flows into South C;iruHya,and 
there takea the name of the Waterce. From the western slope of the same mountains flow New Kivers, the Watauga, thS 
French Broad, the Little Tennessee, amJ the Hiwassee, the waters of which, cutting thruugli Ihe Iron or Smoky Mount- 
ains, are ultimately carried off, and mingle with those of tlie Ohio and Mississippi, and join the ocean at a distance of 
1,500 miles from the outlets of the waters rising from the opposite slope of the Blue Eidge, and emptying into the 
Atlantic. 

The geological formation of the State has been scientifically examined by Professor Olmstead. Its mineral resources 
ai>e extensive, and as valuable. The low country consists of deposits of sand and clay, similar, and belonging to the same 
ago (tertlaiy) as those of Eastern Virginia and Maryland. These beds contain few minerals, but aboun^ in shell 
deposits, marl, fossilifcrous limestone, copperas, and bog-iron ore. A ledge of micaceous rocks, seen in the raviuas and 
river cuttings, forms the line which divides the low from the upper country. West of this there is a belt of mica slate, 
chlorite slate, gneiss, and granite, and among the minerals of this section are hoematitic iron ores (Na^h and Johnson 
counties), plumbago (Wake County), and occasionally soapstone and serpentine. This strip is succeeded by a belt of 
sandstone running south-westerly from Granville across the State. Freestones and grindstones ar» abundant in some 
parts of the formation, which also contains argillaceous iron ore and some coal measures (Orange, Chatham, etc., 
counties). Next to this is situate the great slate formation, about 20 miles in breadth, and running in a direttion north- 
east and south-west across the country. Within this district are also found numerous beds of porphyry, soapstone, ser- 
pentine, greenstone, and hone or whetstone slate. After the slate formation tliere succeeds next another belt of primary 
rocks reaching nearly to the Blue Eidge; and in this is comprised the gold region. Iron ore is also found abundantly 
(Rockingham, Stokes, Surry, and Liucohi counties) chiefly in the form of the magnetic oxide, and has been extensively 
wrought. 

The gold region of the Atlantic States is broader and more productive in this State than in any other. The gold is 
found in superficial deposits or in rook veins. The system of metamori)hic rocks, in which the gold-bearing veins occiu*, 
have undergone different degrees of ciiange in difft-rcmt localities. While in some parts the original slaty structure is 
preserved, in others tbe lamination has been partly obliterated, and the texture altered by the evident efTccts of heat In 
some points there is an intermingling of rocks of the gneissoid characier, with such as still retain the slaty structure. In 
certain parts the granitic rocks prevail, and there the auriferous veins have various directions apparently wholly irrespect- 
ive of the general trend of the gold formation. Thus, between the town of Charlotte and the Catawba River, and withiu 
a circuit o£ three or four miles in diameter, are found veins which have been more or less extensively worked, with direc- 
tions running N. 64 E., N. 47 E., N. SJ W., N. 26^ E., and N. 34 W., so that if these directions were prolonged, they 
would, in some cases, be found intersecting each other at right angles. In regard to the vein stone, in which the aurifer- 
ous particles are found, they differ very widely— in some cases the material is an argillaceous slate of a silky lusfre, much 
mlerspersed with miuute cubes of pyrites of iron or of copper, or of both, as at the Russell mine on the Newberry in 
Montgomery County ; in other cases it is partly in quartz, and partly in the slaty walls of the veins, and in others still, il is 
wholly in the quartz, being scarcely at all impregnated with the precious metal. The materials which exist in the veins 
are either such as have been acted on by meteoric influences, and partly decomposed, or, lying beyond the reach of such 
influences, have escaped decomposition, and may be regarded as the true exponents of the deeper vein-stone. These lat- 
ter are in general less rich in gold than the former, chiefly on account of having lost a p.irt of their solid material by 
decoraposition. But the deep ores owe their inferior value, in no small degrefi, also to the diflleulty of extracting the 
gold from its combination, with the sulphurets which near tlie surface have been reduced Ijy the combiued action of air, 
water, and other materials from the atmosi>here. The axis of the gold formation passes in a uorih-east and south-west 
direction through the counties of Rockingham, Guilford, Davidson, Rowan, Cabarras, and Mechlenburg, embracing the 
section of both sides of the Elue Ridge, and extending eastward beyond the Yadkin. 

That gold is an important product of ibis State, admits of no question ; the region in which it is found is very extensive. 
The principal mines are Anson's, Read's, and Parker's. The first named is in Anson County, and has yielded richly, but 
on account of the ownership of the land on which it 1s situated being in dispute, operations have been retarded. Read's 
mine is in Cabarras County, and was the one first wrougiit; large masses of the virgin metal have at scvend periods 
been dug up, and pieces weighing 400, 500, and 600 pennyweights are met with. On one occasion, a mass weighing 2S 
pounds avoirdupais in its crude state was exhumed. Parker's mine is situated on a small stream four miles south of the 
Yadkin. The metal Is here found chiefly in flakes and grains ; but Ium])s of considerable size — one weighing 4 pounds 
11 ounces avoirdupoi-s — have been dug up. In the mining districts, gold contained in a goose-quill forms a currency, its 
value being fixed by weight. The larger portion of the j)rnducts of the mines is bought up by dealers at from 90 to Dl 
cents per pennyweight, and much is carried to the mint at Charlotte for coinage; but the returns published by that insti- 
tution by no means indicate the value of the mines, as a considerable quantity finds its way to the manufacturer, and the 
banks receive no small moiety of the whole in deposit. 

The coal region of Xorth Carolina, chiefly in Chatham and Moore counties, and along the Yalley of Deep Eiver, so far 
as examined, occupies a space fifteen miles in length, anrl froni five to six in width, throughout which area the deposits 
of this mineral are immense and of every variety — bituminous, semi-bituminous, and anthracite, and Professor Johnson 
has pronounced them to be of the best qualities. The intlications arc, he adds, that the deposits are at least thirty miles 
in length, and comprise an area of one hundred and fifty square miles. The mean thickness of the beds is said to l>e 
seven and a half feet, a greater depth than any similar deposit in England. Coal is also found in other districts. Iron 
ore is found in juxtaposition with the coal measures of Deep River, overlying the coal. These discoveries have led to 
much speculation, and it is said that in a few years the result will be an inflow of capital and prosperity to the Slate equal 
to that now enjoyed by Pennsylvania. ^ 

The climate of North Carolina is much influenced by the diversified character of the surface ; no single description 
would apply to the whole State. The western section, where the land is elevated and traversed by high ranges, is much 
cooler than the sea-board section, and the interior has a climate partaking of both extremes. The winters throughout the 
?talo, however, are much less rigorous than farther north. The atin<i^idKro in the hilly and in the lower mi.iiUe region 
is pure and salubrious, and the heats of summer are in these tcmpiTed by llio eoiilness of the nights; but in the low 
counUy, near the coasts, the summers are hot and sultry, and ihL* iiir unliL'jdtliy and loaded with miasms. The annual 
596 



NORTH CAROLINA. 



;^v.:T;ic:e nm^e of the fhermoraetor nl the ITntversily at CliajicI Hill is 80° F'lhr., the £rri':ite.st h<-:it beln^ OiP, airl the 
ImuiM lu'^. with a lueaii temperature of 51). 07. Peaehes l>h'SS')ni in Fehriuiry, ati.i the tlrst frost oecurs generally in 
i>otober. The average number of rainy days in the year is n'lnety-eiglit, of eloudy days three hundred and thirty-three, 
anri of clear days only Ihirly-two. 

The pine-forc3ts of North Carolina cover nearly the whole eastern section. In the ulain of the low country this tree is 
almost Ihe exclusive natural growth, and attains here a much fuller rlevelnpinenl than in tha Status farther north ; in tho 
swamps it fjrows to an enormous bulk, and the moisture of the atmosphere loads the trei s with a long aponity mosa, which 
hangs in clusters from the limbs, and gives the forests a singular appearance. Cedars and cypresses are alijo abundant in 
tlio swamps. These forests eontribute greatly to the general wealth, and furnish not only lumber for exportation, but 
also pearly all the resinous matter, used in the tJnited States. In the elevated parts of the State the timber growths are 
the oak. elm. walnut, cherry, lime, etc., and the maple, poplar, ami some i^'thi-rs, are indigenous in every section. The 
'.vhite-oak-lrees IbuTid here are well suited for making staves, being talK-r and more free from knots than the northern 
variet>'. Several valuable tuedicinal plants also grow spontaneously, as llie ginseng, snake-root, ete,. and the bottoms are 
overgrown with canes, the leaves of wliieh continue green throughout the winter, and afford a grateful food fnr cattle. 
Cirapes, plums, and blackberries are among the indigenous fruits. 

^ North Carolina is di\ idcd inl<) seventy-nine counties, the general st;Uistics of wliich, and the capil.*d3 of each, in 1S50, 
were its follows : 



C.uiilies. » 


Dwell. 


Pop. 


mu.ll. 


3Tr,iit 


*■ Caiiit.tla. 


Cnniities. 


Dwell. 


Pfip. 


F..rtn» 

illCi.lt. 


Calal 


'■ Capilrtls. 


Alamance. . . 


..1,516. 


.11,414. 


. 923. 


. -38 


.Graham 


Iredell 


.1.834 


.14,719. 


.1,096. 


. 28 


.Statesvillo 


AloxandLT .. 


.. S'27. 


. 5,220. 


. 683. 


. 4. 


.Taylorsvillo 


Johnson 


.1,704. 


.13.726. 


.1,002. 


.102 


.Smithticld 


Anson 


..I.IOS 


.13,459. 


. 675. 


. 32 


. Wadesboro' 


Jones 


. 440. 


. 6.038. 


. 240. 


. 14. 


.Trenton 


Ashe 

IVaururt 


..1i4(j7. 
..1,(363. 


. 8,777. 
.13,816. 


.1,2,63. 
. 594. 


3 


.Tefri.r,(on 


Lenoir 


. 702. 


. 7,'-2S. 


. 302. 


. 17. 


.Kingston 


. 73 


. Washington 


Lincoln 


.1,023. 


. 7.740. 


. 711. 


. 61 


.Lincolnton 


lii-rlie 


..1,070. 


.12,6.51. 


. 542. 


. 50. 


.Windsor 


M-Dowell.... 


. SCO. 


. 6.346. 


. 6US. 


. 29. 


.Marion 


I'.la.len 


..1,005. 


. 9,767. 


. 4S6. 


. 61. 


.Klizabelhlown 


Macon 


. 9.30. 


. 6,.3S9. 


. 631. 


. 13. 


.Franklin 


lirunswick .. 


.. TTl. 


. 7,272. 


. 885. 


. SO 


.SmilliviUe 


Maptin 


. 923. 


. S„3(l7. 


. 810. 


. 17. 


.Williauistou 


r.unoombe .. 


..1,942. 


.18,425. 


.1,105. 


. 19. 


.Ashville 


Mecklenburg 


.1,632. 


.1£,914. 


.1.0.30. 


. 16. 


.Cliarlotte 


Biirto 


.. 933. 


. 7,772. 


. 873. 


. 22. 


.Moriiiinlown . 


Montijomery 


. 902. 


. 6,872. 


. 511. 


. 14. 


.Troy 


Cabarras 


.1,290. 


. 9,747. 


. 875. 


. 44. 


.Concord 


Moore 


.1,286 


. 9,342. 


. 718. 


. 4 


.Carthage 


Cal.lwclU... 


. 926. 


. 6,817. 


. 366. 


. 8. 


.Lenoir 


Nash 


.1,248. 


.10,6.57. 


. 718. 


. 24. 


.Nashville 


Caniileii 


. 770. 


. 6,049. 


. 579. 


. 15. 


.New Lebanon 


New Hanover 


.1,884. 


.17,008. 


. 569. 


.186. 


.Wilrrtii'^toa 


CarlcTot 


.. 972. 


. 6,803. 


. 208. 


. 19. 


.Beattfort 


Northampton 


.1,.341. 


.13,3.35. 


. 6H. 


. -T. 


.Jar-ksoti 


Caswi-ll 


.. 815. 


.15,269. 


. 707. 


. 56. 


. Yancey ville 


Onslow 


. 963. 


. 8,283. 


. 349. 


27. 


.Onslow 


Catawba 


.1,257. 


. S,S62. 


. 957. 


3. 


.Newton 


Orange 


.2,186. 


.17,065. 


.1,082. 


17. 


.Ilillsboro' 


(.'lialham ... 


. .2,210. 


.18,449. 


.1,6.33. 


. 48. 


. Pillsboro' 


PasquotUTlk . 


.1,150. 


. 8,950. 


. 530. 


. 11. 


.Elizalielh City 


ClitTokce ... 


..1,020. 


. 6,538. 


. 459. 


. 5. 


.Mnr|diy 


Ferquimans. . 


. 818. 


. 7,331. 


. 6116. 


21. 


.Herlford 


Cliowan 


.. 613. 


. 6,721. 


. 344. 


23. 


.Edenton 


Pers-m 


.1,070. 


.10.7.81. 


. 6-4. 


17. 


.Koxboro' 


Cleveland... 


.1,626. 


.10,896. 


961. 


16. 


.Shelby 


Pitt 


.1,316. 


.13,397. 


. 684. 


. 41. 


.Greenville 


(.V'lumbiis... 


.. 777. 


. 5,909. 


. 399. 


5. 


.Whitesville 


P,andoIph 


.2,,612. 


.1.5,532. 


.1-,173. 


41. 


. .\shboro' 


Craven 


.1,S42. 


.14,709. 


383. 


67. 


.Newbern 


Pichmond . . 


. 949. 


. 9,818. 


. 496. 


. 1. 


.Pockinghara 


CiimlN?rIand 


.2..'>31. 


20,610. 


959. 


105. 


. FayetleviUo 


Pobeson 


.1,613. 


.12.826. 


.1.112. 


. 10. 


.Lumberton 


Currituck . . . 


. 925. 


. 7,136. 


601. 


0. 


, Curritnek 


lioekinsham 


.1,693. 


.14,495. 


. 717. 


43. 


.Wenlworth 


Davidson . . . 


.2,308. 


15,320. 


1,201. 


13. 


.Lexington 


Kowan 


.1,842. 


.13,870. 


.1,070. 


.108. 


.Salisbury 


Davie 


.1,027. 


. 7,866. 


. 404. 


37. 


.Mocksvilte 


Kutherford ... 


.1.S33. 


.13,660. 


. 9.59. 


28. 


.Rnlherfordton 


Duplin 


.1,419. 


.1.3.514. 


. 923. 


57. 


. KenansviUe 


Sampson 


.1,.5S2. 


.14,685. 


. 943. 


63. 


.Clinton 


Eilirecnmbe . 


.1,619. 


.17,189. 


. 737. 


14. 


.Tarboro' 


Sl.anly 


. 946. 


. 6,922. 


. 615. 


10. 


. Albemarle 


Forsyth 


.1,739. 


11,168. 


9.36. 


SO. 


. Winston 


Stokes 


.1,208. 


. 9,206. 


. 591. 


84. 


. Danbury 


Franklin 


.1,115. 


.11,713. 


. 588. 


25. 


.Lonisburg 


Surry 


.2,797. 


.18.443. 


.1,503. 


43. 


.Eockfor'd 


Gaslun 


.1,072. 


. 8,073. 


724. 


10. 


.Dallas 


Tyrrell 


. 635. 


. 6.133. 


. 210. 


41. 


.Columbia 


Gates 


.. 8S0. 


. 8,426. 


490. 


22. 


.Gatesvillo 


Union 


.1.422. 


.10.061. 


. 877. 


9. 


.Monroe 


Oranvillc ... 


.2,093. 


.21,249. 


1,074. 


55. 


.Oxforii 


Wake 


.2,814. 


.24,887. 


.1,410. 


66. 


.PALEIOn 


Creenu 


. 6S4. 


6,619. 


372. 


37. 


.Snow Ilill 


Warren 


. 906, 


.13,912. 


. 643. 


20. 


.Warrenton 


(iuilford 


.8,043. 


19,754. 


1,663. 


65. 


Greensboro' 


W.ashin^ton . 


. 670. 


. 5,066. 


. 444. 


24. 


.Plymouth 


Halifax 


.1,7.'J9. 


.16,689. 


868. 


4. 


.Halifax 


W^alauga 


. 569. 


. 3,400. 


. 442. 


1. 


.Boone 


Haywood ... 


.1,110. 


. 7,074. 


6.53. 


0. 


. Waynesville 


Wayne 


,1..576. 


.13,486. 


. 663. 


69. 


.Waynesboro' 


Henderson .. 


. 9.31. 


. 6,853. 


418. 


1. 


.Hendersonvillo 


Wilkes 


.2.0.50. 


.12,099. 


.1,097. 


9. 


.Wilkesboro' 


Hertford 


. 831. 


. 8a42. 


378. 


20. 


Murfreesboro' 


Yancey 


.1,822. 


. 8,205. 


. 970. 


10. 


Eurnsville 


Hyde 


. 923. 


. 7,686. 


293. 


G. 


Swan Quarters 















The whole number of dwellings in the State, at the above date, was 105,,542 ; of families, 106,023 ; and of inhabitants, 
568,903 ; viz., whites 662,464— males 272,369, and females 250.006 ; Indians, 531— males 420, and females, 411 ; free col- 
orrd, 27.196— males 13.226. and females 13.970; slaves, 258,412. Of the whole population there were, deaf and ilitmh 
— wh. 361, fr. col. 4, si. 62— t.ital 407; WiKrf— wh. 357, fr. col. 28, si. 117— total 532; insane— v/h. 462, fr. col. 5, si. 24— 
total 491 : and irfio(ic— wh. 604, fr. col. 32, si. 138— total 774. The nundjer of free persons bom in the United States was 
577,750, Ihe number of foreign birth 2,524, and of birth unknown 217. The naUee population originated as follows: Me. 
OS, N. Ilamp. 26, Verm. 27, Mass. 2.51, E. I. 59, Conn. 272, N. York 405, N. Jer. 1.34, Penn. 665, Del. 96, Md. 635, Dist. of 
Col. 2S, Virg. 10.8.38, Korth Carolina 656.245, S. Car. 4,430, Ga. S41, Flor. 54, Ala. 131. Miss. 67, La. 14, Tex. 6, Ark. 1, 
Tenn. 2,047, Ky. 141. Oh. 48, Mich. 2, lud. 67, III. 28, JIo. S3, la. 8, Wise. 4, Calif. 0. Territories : and the forngn pop- 
ulation was composed of persons from— England 394, Ireland 567, Scotland 1,012, Wales 7, Germany 844, France 43, 
Spain 4, Portugal 12, Belgium 1, Holland 4, Turkey 0, Italy 4, Austria 2, Switzerland 3, Russia 8, Denmark 6, Norway 
0, Sweden 9, Prussia 19, Sardinia 0, Greece 0, China 2, Asia 0, Africa 2, British America 80, Mexico 2, Central America 
4, South America 3, West Indies 37, and other countries 5. 

697 



NORTH CAROLINA. 



The following table will show the decennial progress of the population eince the fiwt census of the State taken by the 
United States authorities : 

Colored Persona. Decennixl Increase. 

Census White , ' ^ Tcital , . , 

Years. Persons. Free. Sl.ive Toul. Pu|itiUtmn. Kumerical. I'erceuL 



1T90 283,204 4,975 100,572 10.5,547 398.751 



ISOO ..•. 837,704 " 7,04S 1.33,296 140.344 478,103 84,353 .... 21.8 

ISIO 370,410 10,206 1CS,S24 119,090 555.500 77..397 .... lfl.2 

1S20 ..,'...;. 419,200 14,612 205,017 219,029 C3?,S29 83,.329 .... 15.0 

1S30 472,343 19,M3 245,001 265,144 737.957 99,1.5S .... l.i.o 

1S40 4S4,870 22,782 245,S17 26S.549 763,419 15,4^3 .... 2.1 

1850 652,464 27,196 2SS,412 815,0u8 S6b,U03 116,484 .... 115.3 

— the total of 1850, jnclutling 831 Indians, not otherwise accounted for. 

Tlie statistics of the products, industries, wealth, and institutions of the State, according to the census of 1S50 and olhoj 
official returns referring to the same period of time, are as follows : 

OccupUd Lands, ete. — Improved farm lands, 5,453,977 acres, and lands attached to farms unimproved, 15,513,01^ 
acres — together valued in cash at .tG7,S9I,766. Whole number of farms under cultivation on the Isl June, 1850, 56,910. 
Value of farming implements and machinery, $3,931,532. 

iiri!-S<oci-.— Horses 148,093, asses and mules 26,259, milch cows 221,799, working oxen 37,309, other c*tIo 4-54,402, 
sheep 595,249, swine l,S12,813~in the aggregate valued in cash at $17,717,047. The census of 1S40 returned the following 
numbers: horses, mules, etc. 106,608, neat catlle of all kinds 017,371, sheej) 533,279, and swine 1,(U9,716. 

Products of Animals.— Voo\, 970,738 (in 1840, 625,044) pounds ; butter, 4,146,290 pounds ; cheese, 95,921 potmds ; and 
the value of animals slaughtered during the year, J5,76I,S66. 

Grain CVop-s.— Wheat, 2,1.30,102 bushels ; rye, 229,563 bushels ; Indian corn, 27,941,051 bushels ; oats, 4,062,078 bushels ; 
barley, 2,735 bushels ; and buckwheat, 10,704 bushels. The crops, according to the census of 1340, were : wheat, 1,960.8.55 
bushels; rye, 213,971 bushels; Indian com, 23,89-3,763 bushels ; oats, 3,193,941 bushels ; barley, 3,574 bushels ; and buck- 
wheat, 15,391 bushels. Thus, excepting the barley and buckwheat crops, the increase in the decade haa been liberal. 

Other Food (7yi)^s.—Eiee, 5,465,868 (in 1540,2,820,388) pounds; peas and beans, 1,584,252 bushels; potatoes— sweet, 
6,095.709 bushels, and Irish, 2,735 bushels. The potato crop of 1839 amounted to 2,609,239 bushels. 

Miscellaneous Crops. — Tobacco, 11,984,786 pounds ; ginned Cotton, 73,849 bales of 400 pounds ; hay, 145,662 tons ; clover 
seed, 576 bushels; otlicr grass-seed, 1,275 bushels; hops, 9,240 (in 1840, 1,008) pounds; hemp — dew-rotted, tons, and 
water-rotted, 3 tons; flax, 393,796 pounds; flax-seed, 38,196 bushels; sdk cocoons, 229 (in 1840,3,014) pounds; maple sugar, 
27,933 pounds ; mol.asses, 704 gallons ; beeswax and honoy, 512,289 pounds; wine, 11,058 gallons, etc. Value of orchard 
producLs, *34,34S, and of market-garden products, $39,402. 

The following table cxhiliits the actual and comparative quantities of the principal staples produced in the year 
preceding the censuses of 1S40 and 1850: 

Crops. 18-10. 1850. Decennial Movement 

p.ico 2,820,388 pounds 5,465,868 pounds in^r. 2,W5,4S0 iKJunds, 

Potatoes 2,009.23a bushels 5,098,444 bushels incr. 2,489,239 bushels, 

Tobacco 16,772,359 pounds 11,984,786 pounds deer. 4,787,673 pounds. 

Cotton 51,926,1 90 " 29,539,000 " dea: 22,380,690 " 

Hay 101,309 tons 145,062 tons incr. 44,293 tons, 

^itx"!;:::::;::'.::} s-""*" '.::::.{ 5o.3.79o\ounds :::::: f <'-"•■ 21.52W1 pounds. 

Wine 28,752 gallons 11,058 gallons deer. 17,694 gallons, 

Bom^-made manvfactnre-'i were produced to the value of $2,086,522. The same quality of products, according to the 
census of 1S40, were valued at $1,413,242. 

il/(/7ii//ac(KiY.s.— .\ggregate capital invested, $0,000,000 ; value of all raw material, fuel, etc., nsed, $0,000,000; average 
number of hands eniplnyed, 00,OiXi — males 0,000, and females 0,000; average monltdy cost of labor. .$000.000 — male, 
$000,000, and female, $00,000 ; total value of produots for the year ending 1st June, 1S50, $0,000,000. The whole number 
of manufactories producing to the value of $500 and upward ainmally, 2,623 ; and of tliese 2S arc cotton factories, 1 woolen 
factory, 151 tanneries, and 26 iron works, viz., 5 making castings, 2 pig iron, and 19 wrought iron. The total capital 
employed in manufactures in 1840 w.as $3,888,900. 

Cotton manufactures employ a capital of $1,053,800; annual consumption of cotton, 13,617 b.ales; value of .all raw 
material, $531,903: average hands eniploycil, 1,019— males, 442. and females, 1,177 ; enlire wages per month, $12,369- 
to males, $5,153, and to females, $7,216; annual products, 3,470,110 yards of sheeting, etc., and 2,267,000 pounds of yarn- 
in all valued at $881,342. Capital invested in 1840, $995,000, and linnds employed, 1,219. Annual value of products. $433,900. 

Woole^i man-ufaetures employ a capital of $18,000 ; annual consumption of wool, 30.000 pounds ; value of all raw ma- 
terial, $1.3,960; number of hands employed, 73— males 40, and females 38; entire wages per month, $1,685— to males, 
$1,099, and to females, $686 ; annual products, 840,660 yards of cloth, valued at $88,7,50. Capital in 1840, $9,800 ; hands, 4. 

Tanneries employ a capital of $251,065; value of raw material, etc., consumed, $191,237; hands employed, SK; 
monthly wages, $6,295 ; tanned— 24,035 skins, and 155,610 sides of leather, valued at $.352,535. Capital in 1S40, $271,797 ; 
hands. 646 : tanneries, 353. . 

In tlie manufacture of matt and spiritumie liquors the capital invested is $21.980 ; qnantities and kinds of grain, etc. 
consumed— corn, 64,060 bushels, and rye, 4,700 bushels; hands employed, 75; quantity of liquors produced — whisky and 
high wines, 1.5.1,0,30 gallons. 

The iron manufactures are represented in the following tabular statistics : 

Specifications. * Pig Iron. Cast Iron. Wrouglit Iron. Total. 

Capital invested dollars.... 25.000 ll.SuO 108,000 139,500 

Ore used tons 900 — 4,050 6,550 

Pigironused " — 192 — 192 

Coke and charcoal bushels. . . .150,000 6.375 357,900 614,275 



93.8 


per cent 


95.4 


" 


28.5 


(( 


43.1 


(t 


43.7 


" 


97.3 


'• 


61.2 


" 



NORTH CAROLINA. 



Specificauons. 

Value of all raw material, etc dollars . . 

Hands employed number . 

Entire monthly wages dollars . . 

Iron produced tons. . 



Value of entire products. 



.dollnrs . 



27,0UI). 
31. 

230. 

400. 
12,.W0. 



CaM IrDn. 

... S,:M1.., 
15.. 
... S52.. 
... 172.. 
...12,807.. 



\VR.115l.t trim. Tutal, 

... 2B,114 64,S55 

187 233 

... 1,^(!S 2,450 

SoO 1,422 



CC,9S0. 



92,347 



— Capital in iron manufactures in 1S40, $94,0Gl ; liands, 4CS. Tliere are also in ttie State several machine simps, hardware 
factories, soap and candle manufactories, potteries, earriaite manufactories, etc., and numerous grist, saw, tli-iir, and other 
milts, wliich, in the aggregate, malie up a respectable mamilaeturiug industry in a State so much devoted to agriculture 
as is North Carolima. 

Cotmru'rc^, ^\[viffatLOn, etc. — North Carolina, in the year ending -30th -June, 18.50, exported to foreign countries mer- 
chandise, etc., to the value of $410,501, and iuiporteil goods to the value of $323.092. ' (if tiie exports (all of wliich were 
of domestic origin), to the value of $i!59,010 was carried in American, and to $1.50.88.5 in foreign bottoms; and of the 
imports, to the value of $179,249 was carried in American, and to -$144,443 iu foreign bottoms. The enlrauees and clear- 
ances in the same year were as follows : 



ESTKAKCES. 
NalionnliV Vessels. Tonnage. Crews. 

American 140 19,185 9(IS 

Foreign 4S 9,115 891 



Total. 



1S3 2S,S0O. 



20,070. 
2,C64. 



2,170. 

473. 

1,118. 

1,205. 



CLE.VEANCES. 
Nation-ilitv- Vessels. Tunn-ige. 

American 212 S0.739.. 

l-'oreign 62 11,493.. 



Total 274.. 

"Wilmington 175. , 

Newlieni 30.. 

Edenlon 1. 

Camden 29 . , 

Beaufort € . 

Washington 11 . , 

Plymouth 22.. 



1,390 
803 

1,699 



42,232.... 

31.098 1,315 

... ISS 
6 

... 170 

... 34 

. . 05 

... 126 



3,610. 

ISl. 
2,945. 

755. 
1,.372. 
2,288. 



Wilmington IIS . . 

Kewbern 23.. 

Edenton — . . 

Camden 23.. 

Eeaulbrt 4.. 

Wiishinglon 9.. 

Plymouth 13.. 

The total shipping owned in the State at the date speeiflcil w.is 45,218 tons, of which 14,9.32 tons were registered, 27,535 
tons enrolled and licensed, and 2,751 tons licensed (uniler 20 tons.) All enrolled and licensed siiipping was em])loyed in 
coasting, and of this 3,226 tons were navigated by steam-power. The whole of the licensed tonnage was also emi)loj-od 
in coa.sling. The tonnage of the several districts was— Wilmington 15,193 tons. Newborn 5,20S tons, Washington 5,703 
tons. Edenton, 1,145 tons, Camden 11,948 tons, Beaufort 2.260 tons, Plymoutb 2,328 tons, and Oeracoke 1,428 tons. The 
number of vessels built in the several districts was 33, viz., 1 ship, 2 brigs. 23 schooners, 2 sloojis, and 5 ste-amers, and 
tlieir tonnage 2,052. Of the whole number 4 (483 tons) were built .at Wilmington, 8 (867 tons) at Newbern, 1 (;34 tons) 
at Washington, 5 (256 tons) at Edenton, 9 (093 tons) at Camden, 3 (206 tons) at Beaufort, and 8 (114 tons) at Plymouth. 
The statistics of the foreign commerce of the State for a series of years— 1791 to 1S50— exhibit Uie following movemenis 
In tlie values of exports and imports. 

Tear. Exports, 

1811 $797,970, 

1S12 489,219. 

1813 797.358. 

1S14 819,440. 

1815 1.013,942. 

1816 1,338,735. 

1817 956,580. 

1318 948.2-53. 

1819 647.730. 

1820 808,319. 



Tear, Exports, 

1701 $S24,.54S.... 

1792 527,900 

1793 865,414 

1794 821,687 

1795 492,161 

1790 671.487 

1797 540,901 

1798 637,810 

1799 48.5.921 

1800 709,799 

1801 S74,SS4 

1802 659,390 

1803 952,014 

1804 928,687 

1105 779,903 

1806 789.605 

1807 74.5,162 

1808 117,129 

1809 822,994 

1310 403,949 



Imports. 



.* ■ 



1821.... 


... 400.944.... 


. . . 200,673 


1823.... 


... 3S5,9r.1.... 


... 2-58,701 


1823 


... 483,417 


... 183.9-58 


1824.... 


... 58^,733,,.. 


. . . 4(15.8:)0 


1826.... 


... .5-53,390 


... .311,3118 


1820.... 


... 581.740.... 


... 867,545 


1827.... 


... 449.237.... 


... 276.791 


1823.... 


... 623.747.... 


... 208,015 


1829 ... 


... 504,.5(16.... 


... 2>3,847 


18:30.... 


... 399,333.... 


... 221,992 



1831., 
1832,, 

1833 4.53.0:36 

WU 471 .4uO 

1835 819,527 

18.30 429,851 

18:37 561,795. 

18:38 546,223. 



ExporLs. Imports. 

$841.140 $190,366 

342,041 215,1*4 

-- 193,753 



18:39... 
1840... 
1841... 
1842... 
1843. . . 
1844... 
1845... 

1840 414.:;9S 

1847 284,919 

1848... 



222,472 

2-11.981 

197,116 

271,623 

290,405 

229,233p 

252,5.32 

220,360 



427,926... 
887,484... 
883,1156- ■-, 

844-050 187,404 

171,099 110,976 

298.401 209.142 

379.9GO 230,470 

.. W2,S59 

142.384 

840-028 195,814 



1849- 
1850- 



270.076 11:5,146 

410,501 823,692 



Internal Improvementt.-^GtmieSoTts are being made in this State to build up a system of railroads between the in- 
terior and tlie sea-board, and also to connect the railroa<Is of North Carolina with those of the adjoining States. As yet, 
h<iwever, the only through line is the Weldon and Wilmington 11. 11. at Weldon, uniting with the Petersburg E. K., run- 
ning north, and the Sea-board and Pvoanoke E- E. to Norfolk, and at Wilmington with the Wilmington and Slanchester 
E. 1!., which forms a connection with the South Carolina railroads. Tlie Norlh Carolina Central E. E., running from a 
point above Goldsboro', on the Weldon and Wilmington E. E., through E.ileigh, Hillsboro', Greensboro', Lexington, and 
Salisbury, forms a junction with the South Carolina system at Charlotte, and this road will probably be extended from its 
eastern terminus to Beaufort. A railroad has long been in operation from Gaston, on the Eoanoke, to Eak-igh, at which 
latter point it connects with the central and at Gaston with the Greenville and Eoanoke E. E., which leaves lut great 
Soulheru line at Ilicksford. The tol,il length of completed railroad in this Slate on the 1st Jan., 1853, was 24 Ics. or 
In the proportion of one mile to every 18 square miles of territory. The only canals in use within the State a ae -Uis- 
mal Swamp Canal and its north-west branch, which are used cliieBy for lumbering purposes, and Harlow Cnna,, extcnd- 

599 



NORTH CAROLINA. 



in» from the KSnse u> licauf.irt. Imi.urlanl iiuproTeincnts are also contemplated in Deep and Cape Fear rivers, so as to 
make Ihem an uulluKor Uie mineral weallh of Ibeir vjciuilie*. , , , ,v„ 

Banks -According to the banlc returns of November. 1S50, there were iu the State 5 banks and 15 branch tanks. *» 
agc^egate condition of which, at that period, was as follows: i;ai;z;«;«-capital, $T,T^9,•250; c,reul.-it,on, |-*.M-.?^; 
d™o4 *9«,093; due other banks, $C0,GS2; all other liabilities, $4,S20 ; and as«c>te-loans and dtscounl^s *(.,li6t.,,S3, 
2k;, $150,o;; real estate, $127,806, other investments, $1S,TS3 ; due by other banks J1,074.TW ; nnu^s of "'"er banks, 
L33947; and specie, $1,W5,0-2S. The Bank of Cape Fear, located at Wilmington, has branches at Ashevdle, a ette.tlle^ 
Ore nsb^ro , Kakigh, Sale.;, Salisbury, and Washington, and the Bank of the State of North Carobna, at Kale.gh has 
branches at Charlotte, Elizabeth City, Fayettc-ville. Milton, Morgantown, Newbern, TarboroN and W .Imniglon. Banks 
besides these are also established at 3.'ayelteville, Wadcsboro", Washington, Wilmington, and Newbern 

ameniment, «te.-The government of the Slate is based on the constitution of 17S0, as amen.led n. 1S35. 

The HaU of suffrage is allowed 40 every free white man, 21 years old, an inl.abitant of his dtstnct 12 month, precedtng 
an election, and owner of a freehold within the same for six months. Such may vote for senators, but m volu.g for repre- 
senlalives the freehold qualifleation is not needed, if the voter has paid taxes. But no descendant of a negro, to the 
fiwm generation, though one ancestor in each generation be white, is to be accounted a white man. The general eleet.ons 

"^^^:Z r;:sin??n»se'Tcommons and a Senate. Members of the Douse of Commons (120 in 
number) must have resided in their respective eonnties one ye..r, and have owned for slx months next before hetr 
cleSfon loTaeres as freehold, and are chosen biennially, not less than one in each county. Senators (oO ,n number) are 
chosTn biennially in districts set off on the ba.sis of taxation, and must be possessed for the same tmie of 300 acres thereto 
in fee An apporUonment of both houses was made in 1S51, and apportionment wiU be made every twenty years there- 
after The General Assembly, thus constituted, convenes on the third Tuesday in Noj'ember bienn.ally. No special law 
shall' be passed to alter the mme of any person, to legitimize bastards, or to restore to citizenship persons conv.cted of 
infamous crimes; but general laws for these purposes may be passed. 

The Governor \^ chosen by the persons qualillod to elect members of the house for two years (but no such e eetcd per- 
son shall serve more than four years out of any six years) by a plurality of votes, or in ease of an even vote by the wo 
houses of the General Assembly on joint ballot. An Executive CouncU of State, consisting of seven councilors, shall b8 
chosen at every regular session, who shall keep a journal of their proceedings, open to the General Asse.nbly. The gov- 
ernor may lav an embargo for thirty days, with the consent of the council. If the office of governor be vacant, ,t .s to be 
ailed by U,e Speaker of the Senate, and he failing, then by the Speaker of the House of Commons. No clergyman, wh.lo 
in the exercise of his duties as such, shall be a member of the council. ^ , , , , ,„ „„„ 

Amon.- the muedlmiemm provimon, of the constitution, are the following: Every foreigner who comes to settle may 
take take the oath of aUegi.ance and hold real estate. Judges of Uie Supreme and Superior courts are appointed by joint 
Wlotof Mh houses, and ma, be removed for mental or physical inability upon a resolut.on of two-thirds of tlie mem- 
be^ hereof. Their Salaries shall not be diminished during their term. No person who shall deny tl^ hemg of a God 
TtZZthoftJ^ Oh,-isUan religion, or «/« divine anihority of the Old or New Testament, or wlu> sMll hold rehi„ou» 
onnciples incmnpatilu mtli Uie freedom or safety of the Skite, shall hold any civil office. 

^7o lend, the co^^stituiion, a convention of the people may be caUed by a vote of two-thirds of the members of both 
houses Amendments, if agreed to by three-fifths of the members of each house, shall be published six months before the 
next election ■ and if approved by two-thirds of both houses, shall be submitted to the people ; and if approved by a ma- 
jority of votes of the voters qualified to elect members of the House of Commons, shall be adopted. 

lL judiciary consists of a Supreme Court, Superior or Circuit courts, etc. The Supreme Court consists of a chief- 
iustice and two a-ssoeiate justices, the attorney-general, a reporter and two clerks, one at I'.alcigli, and one at ^"W^' 
tovvn This court holds three sessions in each yoar-two in tlie city of Ealeigli, on the 2d Monday in June and the last 
Monday in December ; and one at Morgantown, on the 1st Monday of August, for the western part of the State, and con- 
tinues to sit at each term untU aU the business on the docket is determined or continued upon goo-1 cause shown. II has 
nower to hear and determine all cases in law or equity brought before it by appeal or by the parlies ; and has original and 
exclusive jurisdiction in repealing letters patent, and has also power to issue all writs necessary and proper for the exor- 
cise of its iurisdiction. The Superior or Circuit courts are composed of one judge and soHcilor iu each circuit ; these are 
courts of law and of equity, and are held twice a year in each county of the State. There are seven circuits, of about ten 
counties each, which the judges ride alternately, never visiting, however, the same circuit twice m succession. The 
iud»es of these courts have complete equity jurisdiction. ... 

The militia of North Carolina is composed of 79,445 men of all grades, of which number 4.2(5T are commissioned 
officers an<l 75 ISl non-commissioned officers, musicians, arliUcers, and privates. Of the commissioned officers, 2S Ufa 
general offlcers] 13.S general staff officers, 067 field officers, etc., and 8,449 company officers. Every white male citizen, 
between the ages of 13 and « years, unless exempt by law, is liable to military duty. 

■ The charitable and benevolent inaitutions supported by the State are the North Carolina Institution for the Instniction 
of the Deaf and Dumb, and the Asylum for the Insane. The foundation stone of the Institution for the Deaf and Dumb 
was laid on the 14th April, 1S48. It is located .at Kaleigh on a plot of four acres, and near the State-House. The Lunatio 
Asvlum is not yet commenced. The legislature of 1S5D imposed a tax of one cent and three-quarters on every one 
hundred dollars-worth of land, and five and a quarter cents on every taxable poll per annum for four years to raise a 
fund for buil.lin<' an inslitntion of this deseription-taxea which are expected to yield *S0,000 in the time specified. Tho 
lecislature also at the same session, passed a bill authorizing an agricaltur.al, mineralogical, and botanical survey of tho 
State The surveyor, whose appointment rests with the governor, is required personally or by his assistants, " 10 visit 
every county of the State and examine every thing of interest or value in either of the above departmenLs, to ascertain 
the nature and character of its products, and tho nature and character of iia soil, as well as to give an account of ita 

PMic Deht Flnanefs, rfc.-The receipts from all sources for the yem- ending Rlst October, ISSn. amounted to 
$219.00f, 4T,and the expenditures in the same year to $223,173 24-bein2 an excess of expenditures over rc'Cipts of 
$9166 77. The chief sources of income are the public taxes, bank taxes, interest on railroad bonds, income from interest 
In railroads, etc. : and the principal objects of expenditure are executive, legislative, and judicial expenses public print- 
ing, inti-rcsLs on inveatmenLs, repavments of loans, etc., election expenses, ,,nWic library, etc North Carolina, properly 
eiwkking.has no public debt; it has, however, a contingent liability, which arises from its endorsement by the bUto 
600 



NORTH CAROLINA. 



of bonds of railroad companies to the amount of $l,10ii.()0(J, but from ttiis niiist be ilc-<Iurled $lo,OiJU for Aou.is not. used 
ana $110,000 for bonds paid, which reduces tlie amount fur which the State may be lialile, to ^'JTr,i)Oi). Since the al)ovo 
date other liabilities liave been assumed f.ir the procires^ina; railroads. The value of real and personal estate uf ihc inhab- 
itants of North Carolina, Including the value of slave property in 1S50, was assessed at $'J1'2,(jT1,213. True valuation, 
8226,800,472. 

Federal liepreJientatioj!.— North Carolina, in accordance with the law of 23d May, ISjO, is entitled to ei'j^tt represent- 
atives in the Congress of the United States. 

Editcation. — Before the Itevolution, literature was hardly known in this State, much lees a subject of cullivallon. There 
were in the province at the end of the royal govenmnmt, only two schools in operation, one at Newbeni and one a* 
Edenton. The constitnlion of 17T6, directed that '"a school or schools shall be eslaljli.sliod tiy Itie legislature for the 
convenient insfrudion of youth, with sucli salaries to the masters, i)aid by tlie i>ublic, as may enable Ihi-m to instruct at 
low prices; and all useful learning shall be duly encouraged and promoted in one or more universities.'* Till within late 
years, however, no system of free schools was introduced throughout the State. Liberal pro\ision wiw made for the 
purpose in 1825, by the creation of a school fund. This fund now amounts to nearly half a million dollars, besides the 
income of stoclv held by the State in several railroads, the proceeds of the sale of swamplands, and the tract acquired from 
the Cherokee^ in the south-west In order to apply these funds, a Board of Literature was established in iS'i", to devise 
a plan of common schools; but as yet nothing efficient for the increasing population has been brought to fruition. At the 
present time there are some 200 academies, and between SOO and 900 common schools in the State, at which From IS.OOO 
to 20.(100 youth are annually taught. The principal collegiate establishments in the State are the University, Davidson 
College, and Wake Forest College. The University of North Carolina is located at Chapel HiU, in Orange County, and 
in ISnO liad a president, 10 professors, and 230 students. It was founded in 1TS9, and its alumni numbered 904. of which 
about "0 hnd entered the ministry. It has an excellent library of 13,500 volumes. In 1^53 a school of science and art waa 
attached to it. In the law department there were, in 1S50. ten students. Davidson College, founded in l-^3>, is situate iu 
Mechlenburg County, and in ISOO had 4 professors. CO students, and a library of about P.niiO volumes, and Its alumni num- 
bered 140, of which 24 were- in the ministry. Wake Forest College (a Baptist institution) was founded iu IS-'JS, and in 
ISoO had 3 professors, and 24 students ; its alumni numbered 11, of which G were in the ministry, and its library contained 
4,700 volumes. 

Fuhlle Lib ran fi.f.— One State library— 3,000 volumes; 3 college— 9,401 volumes; 2 students'— S.SIG vohimee; 2 
academic and professional— 3,000 volumes ; total, 8 libraries, and 24.247 volumes. This account, which is from the census 
of 1850, differs essentially from the returns of the colleges, and is probably under-rated. 

Periodical Pra?.f.— The whole number of newspapers, etc., published in the State in 1S50, was 52, of which 24 advocated 
whig principle, and 9 that of the democracy, and 19 were neutral in politics, or <levoled to literature, religion, etc. Of the 
whole number, 1 was published Iri-weeklT, circulating 840 copies at each issue, or 53,040 copies annually ; 3 semi-weekly, 
circulating S.437 copies, or 399,083 annually ; 41 weekly, circulating 23,427 co]jios, or l,47>i,2il4 annually ; 4 semi-monthly, 
circulating 3,775, or 90.000 annually; and one monthly, circulating 450, or 5,400 annually. The counties in wliicli published 
are — Anstm, 1 8.-w. and 1 w. ; Buncombe, 2 w. ; Beaufort, 1 w. ; Caswell, 1 w. ; Chowan, 1 w. ; Cherukee, 1 w. ; Craven, 
2 w. ; Cumberland, 3 w.; Chatham, 1 s.-m. ; Edgecombe, 1 w. ; Guilford, 1 w. and 1 m.; Granville, 1 w. ; Halifax, 2 w.; 
Lincoln, 2 w. ; Mechlenburg, 2 w. ; New Hanover, 1 t.-w., 2 s.-w., and 3 w. ; Orange, 2 w. ; Pasquotank, 2 w. and 1 8.-m. ; 
Eutherford, Randolph, and Kowan, each 1 w. ; "Wnke, 1 B.-w., 6 w., and 3 8.-m. ; Wayne, 2 w.; and Washington and 
Warren, each 1 weekly, 

Jidigious Denorahmtion^. — The statistics of the several religious denominations in the State, were as follows: 



Denomiiia- No. of 


Church 


Value of 


Demimina- No. of 


Clnirt'b 


vniuf „r 


Denomiiia- No. of- 


Cliiinli 


Value nf 
Pro|.rrl,-. 


liciri9. Cliur<:ire». 


Rcci.m. 


Pm|ii?rly. 


liona. Churclies. 


acrnm. 


Priijierty 


til. MB. Cliiiriliei. 




Baplist 5T3 .. 


195,727 . 


. $201,448 


German Kef. 15 . . 


5,725 . 


$17,200 


P.. Catliolie... 4 .. 


1,400 . 


$5,900 


Christian.... 29 .. 


11,000 . 


. 10,575 


Jewish — . . 


— . 


— 


S\vcdent)o"n .. — .. 


_ . 


— 


Congregat'I.. — .. 


— . 


— 


Lullierati ... 47 . . 


— . 


. 29,025 


Tiinker 1 .. 


2110 . 


100 


Dutch Eef... — .. 


_ . 


_ 


Mennnnile .. — .. 


— . 


. — 


Union 4 . . 


1,2110 . 


650 


Episcopal ... 47 . . 


14.9T0 . 


. 112,100 


Methodist... 727 .. 


l!l,550 . 


. 2&4,930 


Unitarian..... — .. 


_ . 


_ 


Free 51 ). 


14.545 . 


. 15.SC0 


Moravian ... 7 .. 


214,937 . 


. 34,000 


Universniist... — .. 


— . 


— 


Friends 30 . . 


12.C20 . 


. 7,575 


Presljyterian 143.. 


3,000 . 


. 170,030 


Minor Sects.. — .. 


— . 


— " 



— making a total of 1.G7S churches, having accommodation for 553,204 persons, and valued as property at $S>;9.393. The 
State forms the Protestant Episcopal diocese of North Carolina, and is a constituent portion of the Itoman Catholic diocese 
of Charleston. * 

Faupei'ism.~-The whole number of persons relieved or supported during the year ending ;lst Juno, 1S50, w.ns 1,931, 
of which number 1,913 were native-born and 13 foreign-born ; and the whole number receiving support at tlie date speci- 
fied was 1.5S0; viz., 1,567 native-bom and 13 foreigners. The cost ti> the public amounted to $G0,OS5. 

Historical .SA-e^cA.- The first English settlement in North America was made iu 15S5 on Roanoke Island, in this State. 
The patron of the infant colony was Sir Walter Ealeigh, to whom Queen Elizabeth granted, in 1.534. a patent for such 
lands as he might discover in America, "not possessed by any Christian people." The same year he dispatched two 
small vessels to make discoveries, and these dropped their anchors early in July in Ocracoke inlet. The adventurers 
landed on an island near Roanoke, called by the natives Wococon, where they were received with every mark of hospi- 
tality. After visiting the neighborhood they returned to England and gave a highly favorable account of the climate and 
soil. The name of Virginia was bestowed upon the country, and Raleigh's i)alent was confirmed by act of Parliament. 
Sir Walter sent out at once, under Ralph Lane as governor, the colony above mentioned. Soon, however, Indian hostili- 
ties, provoked by the tyrannical behavior of the leaders of the colony, were commenced, nnrl nuieh suffering from this 
cause, as well ns scarcity of provisions, was endured by the adventurers. They became discour.iged, and flually relumed 
home. A few days after their departure, a Bhip, under Grenville, arrived, and learning the destination of the colonists, 
left 15 men, with provisions for two years, to keep up the settlement. 

Undeterred by liis first failure, Raleigh sent out another colony in l.''S7, with orders to seltle on Chesapeake Bay, where 
they were to build the projected "City of Raleigh." The new colonists, however, were jmt ashore at Roanoke. They 
found no trace of Grenville*3 men, who had probably fallen under the .wrath of Uio Indians; and scarcely had they 
themselves landed than they were engaged in combat with the natives. Their governor, White, retutned to Fngland ibr 
supplies, but owing to the troubles consequent on the Spanish invasion of England, he was detained from revisiting the 

60l 



NORTH CAROLINA. 



colony until l^ autumn of 1590. On arriving, lie found the site of the eettlenwnt inclosed by a strong palisade, but not a 
colonist remained, and to the present day their fate has been a subject of conjecture. Thus ended i;aleij,'h'3 attempt to 
colonize Virginia. 

Early in liie reign of Charles I. (16S0) a tract of land Bontb of the Chesapeake, designated as Carolina, was granted to 
Sir Il'ibert Heath, but as he planted no colony on it the grant was revoked- Oat of the same territory Charles II. formed, 
in ICr.?, tlie province of Carolina, and conveyed it by charter to eij^ht royalist noblemen of England. This charter, aa 
amended in 1665, defines the Hmits of the province to be the 29th panillel of north latitude on the south, the Pacific on the 
west, the Allantic on the east, and on the north the parallel of 360 Si/— afterward and now better known as the Missouri 
Compromise Line. The grantees were made proprietors of the soil, and were intrusted with powers of jurisdiction over 
the colonists. 

Already previous to this conveyance, settlers had located in the northern part of the province, and for some years 
refugees from Virginia had been coming, a few at a time, into the neighborhood of the Sound afterward called Albemarle, 
in honor of General Monk, whose ducal title was such. A little colony had also been planted by adventurers from New 
England near the mouth of Cape Fear Eiver. The soil, however, proved sterile, and the colony dwindled slowly away, 
and would have totally disappeared, had not some planters from Uarbadoes, under Sir John Tcamans, removed thither ia 
16(^5, and formed the settlement of Clarendon, by wliich the few remaining New Englanders were rapidly absorbed- 
These new settlers supported themselves with difficulty by shipments of boards, shingles, and staves. Gradually, by nu- 
merous migrations southward, the colony again became reduced, until at length, before 1C90, it was entirely exhausted. 
The proprietaries in 1070 sent out emigrants under the command of William Sayle to form a new settlement, to be called 
the County of Carteret. The colonists located themselves first at Port Koyal, South Carolina, but they soon removed, and 
formed a settlement between Cooper and Ashley rivers, which they called Charleston. S.ayle dying next year, Sir John 
Teamans was appointed governor of Carteret, the southern province. Thus there wero in 1671 two permanent settle- 
ments in Carolina, Albemaj'le and Carteret^ and these two constituted the nuclei of North and South Carolina as now 
existing. 

At the request of one of the proprietors, the celebrated John Locke framed a scheme of government for the whole 
provinee of Carolina. "The Grand Model," as it was called, though complete of its kind, was too complicated, if not too 
monarchical for an infant colony, yet the proprietaries adopted it as the fundamental law of the province, and sucli for 20 
yeai^ it nominnlly remained. As a matter of fact, however, it was never brought into operation, though the governor of 
each distrift of the province strove hard to comply with its requisitions, in spite of the continued and ultimately success- 
ful opposition of the colonists. 

The settlement .it Albemarle was augmented by accessions from Virginia, New England, and the Bermuda islands; 
■William Drnmmond was appointed first governor. He was succeeded by Samuel Stevens, under whom were enacted the 
first laws of the colony, by an assembly composed of the governor, the council, and twelve delegates. Every encourage- 
ment was given by these laws to whomsoever proposed settling in the colony; bounty-lands were granted at a moderate 
quit-reT>t (Jd. per acre) ; taxes could be imposed only by consent of the assembly ; and religious liberty was promised t& 
members of every Christian denomination. Intestine commotion, proceeding partly from discontent with the " Mo<lel 
System," and partly owing to a general feeling of restlessness prevalent sometimes rn new colonies, soon disturbed the 
pence and welfare of Albemarle. The Culpepper and other rebellions distinguish this period. This discontent and tur- 
bulence were not removed until the arrival (1695) of John Archdale. one of the proprietors, as governor, invested with 
unusually extensive powers. Sagacious, and possessed of rare prudence, the Quaker Archdale succeeded in reducing 
both provinces to comparative order. During the preceding period, North Carolina had received a decided check to her 
prosparily. Many fle<i the country. At the beginnmg of the troubles, the province contained 1,4C0 taxable inhabiUants— 
in 1694, 7s7 were all that could be found within its limits. Under Archdale, the colony began again to flourish. Settle- 
ments were made (109S) on the Pamlico River, upon the Tar and the Neuse,and Bath County was set off to the southward- 
Kioe and Lar, two of the staples of North Carolina, began now to be exported ; churches were for the first time erected, 
and religion began to receive the suppr»rt of the authorities, given, however, in an illiberal and sectarian spirit, inconsist- 
ent with the promise to the first colonists. The Episcopalians had a majority in the legislature, and failed not to use their 
power to the repression of all dissenters. The Cnrey rebellion now disturbed the prosperity of the colony, which w.as not 
qnelled till several engasrements had been fought and much blood spilt Meanwhile the province was involved in a 
general war with the Indians. Since the settlement of Albem.arle, until this time, uninterrupted peace had existed 
between the whites and Indians. As the settlement increased, however, the Indian began, not without reason, to fear for 
his future safety. 

In 1707 a colony of Huguenots had removed from Tirglnia and settled on the Trent, and in 1709 a colony of Ger- 
mans from Heidelberg and vicinity founded the settlement of New Berne (Newbern) at the confluence of the Trent 
and the Nouse ; they received a liberal grant (Vom the proprietaries, and it was the surveying of these lands that 
led to the Indian outbreak. Regarding these surveys as encroachments on their independence, the Tuscaroras seized 
the surveyor-seneral and put him to death, and an immediate atUick was also made on the white settlements south of 
Albemarle Sound. Other tribes joining the Tuscaroras, the war became general. All Carolina did not at that time con- 
tain 2.<XI0 men capable of bearing arms ; yet when assistance was sought from the southern province, it was at onca 
obtained. The Indians were worsted in several actions, and finally compelled to take refuge in a fort near the Neuse. 
Here thev would have been forced to surrender at discretion, but the commander of the colonists concluded with them a 
hasty and disadvantageous peace, and shortly afterward hostilities were renewed. The situation of tlie colony now be- 
came truly critical ; aid was again sought of the neighboring provinces, which was granted. The war was prosecuted 
with vi'»'or and in 1718 the power of the Tusc.aroras was compli-tely broken; and having emigrated to the North, tho 
tribe confederated with the Senecas and other tribes, which afterward became the "Six Nations." The other hostile 
tribcfl soon after submitted to the rule of the victors, and in 1717 peace was finally concluded. The suflTerings of the colony 
during the Carey rebellion and the Indian war were extreme. Not a few settlers abandoned their homes altogether ; and 
notwithstanding tho new accessions and the natural increase of the population, the number of taxable inhabilunts in 1717 
did not exceed 2,000. 

For some lime after this period the country was demoralized by the imposition of a worthless euccession of governors. 
In July, 1729, the king purchased for £17,500 seven-eighths of the whole province : the remaining eighth was retained by 
Lord Carteret, and w.as laid oft" for him (not, however, tin 174S) adjoining the Virginia line. Previous to this the bound- 
ary between the two had been settled upon its existing basis. The spirit of anarchy and resistance to legal authority, 
602 



NORTH CAROLINA. 



hillurto prevalent, waa now brought more under control ; still justice and obedience to the laws were by no means 
uuivcrsal. 

During the Indian troubles paper money had been issued by the Aescmbly, but although gradually sunk by taxes, it 
depreciated. In 1729, £40,OiiU were issued, and in lT:i4 £10,000 additional. Depreciation went on, until in \7ii9 tlie rate 
was seven and a half for one of sterling. Tins depreciated currtmcy tlie Assembly attempted in IT^is to pirt-ulate, l)y 
making it a legal tender for quit rents. In the disputes that ensued, the gi)Vernor, who was tippost-d t.i pai)er money, 
dissolved two successive assemblies. Other acts, equiilly \injust and inipulitie, were passed at varinus limes, nur was ihu 
govenior wliolly free from the imputation of irregular and partial adruinistration. These, and oilier adverse circum- 
stances, as M'CuHoch's speculation in crown laiKis, the breaking out of hostilities between England and Sp.-iin. by wliicti 
tljc Carolinas were involved in war with the Spanish setllenieiits uf Florida, rclarded in no small measm-.- the progress 
of the colony. In spite of all, however, the increase in iiihabilants was decidedly rapid. During Jolinstuiie's a^hniuri*- 
tration, three distinct and extensive settlements were made: one ehiefly by Tresbvleritms from the norlli of Ireland, who 
settled in Carteret's lands in the north-west; another by Muravijins, who obtained from Carteret a grant of loii.nou aeres 
between the Yadkin and Dan; and the third by a large hotly of Highlanders, ebiefly from Areyhsliire, for whom lain! 
had been purchased by their leader, Neal Il-Neal. near the present Fayetleville. All Ihese colonics were successfully 
established, and tiieir numerous descendants inhabit the State at this day. 

Kotwithslanding every eflbrt at conciliation, unfriendly Indian tribes, especially after Eraddock's tlefent (1755), har- 
rassed the western frontiers. Among these tribes the Clierokees were foremost in committing depredations; lliey. as 
well as the upper Creeks, by whona»they had been joined, were finally fitfced to sue for peace. Differences between the 
governor and legislature also at this time existed, and the dissatisfaction was constantly increasing. To allay it, "William 
Tryon, a military oflicer, was sent out, who subsequently himself became governor. Tryon (1765) found the colony rest- 
less and unquiet. Many were ripe for open rebellion. But tlie new incimibcnt ruled "with a steady hand, ami maintained 
the laws. Early in his administration the dispute between England and the colonies began. He managed for a time to avoid 
a collision with the Assembly, but at length, when that body declared (4th November, 1769) against the right of Engluud 
to lax North Carolina, he dissolved it. Previous to this, however, the country was distracted by a formidal)Ie insurreetiou 
of the so-called " Kegulators ;" neither property nor life was safe from their violence. Tryon at length (1771) raised a body 
of troops and marched against these disturbers, who were chiefly poor and uneducated men, but led on by wily, political 
anarchists. Encountering them near Great Allamancc, 8.000 strong, he attacked them with his l,^)) militia, and gained 
a decisive victory. After their defeat the insurgents in general took the oath of allegiance. In the following August 
Tryon, who, on the whole, had been a popular ruler, was succeeded by Josiah Martin. One of his lirst acts was the set- 
tlement of the boundary line between North and South Carolina. Disputes soon arose between him and the Ceueral 
Assembly, and the trouble was increased by the persistence of England in her policy of taxing the colonies. The 
governor sided with the crown, as also did the Regulators, whom he had the meanness to conciliate by the detraction of 
Tryon, but the remaining inhabitants generally adopted the cause of the colonists. 

North Carolina, in spite of the Governor's opposition, was represented in the first Continental Congress (Sept. 1771), 
and its delegates joined in adopting the Deckiration of Colonial Rights. The Provincial Congress approved of their pro- 
ceedings, and appointed delegates to the next An association fofthe defense of colonial rights was also formed, and the 
citizens of Mechlcnburg County even went so far (May 21, 1775) as formally to declare their independence of the British 
connertion. Alarmed at the progress of the disatTection, the Governor retired (July) on board a ship f>{ war in Ca'ifie Fear 
Rivi-r. The revolution in North Carolina was now complete. A State Convention was formed ('20th August), and the 
raising of three (afterward five) regiments of troops authorized, aiul all were taken by Congress into Continental pay. 
The Tory influence, however, was strong, especially among the Regulators, and attempts, which failed, however, were 
made to form a junction with General Clinton, wlio was on the coast, waiting for reinforcements from England prepara- 
tory to making a descent upon the country — S50 of them were captured and made prisoners. Four more regiments were 
now ordered to be raised. Clinton, though reinforced, despairing of local assistance, sailed away to the attack of Charles- 
ton. In April succeeding (1776), the Convention taking the lead, authorized their delegates in Congress to join with other 
colonies in declaring independence. On the 4th July that independence was solemnly declared. Meanwhile the Chero- 
ke<^'3, in league with the British, ravaged the western frontiers. Promptly met by a strong force from the Carolinas and 
Virginia, they were subilued, and force<l to surrender to their conquerors a large tract of country, including the yet infant 
settlements on the Tennessee. The territory apportioned to North Carolina was erected into the District of WoshlngUm, 
the original province being now (since December ISth. 177G) a State, having a regular government. SclUcrs were en- 
couraged to locate in the District, lands being granted at the rate of £2 10.v. per 100 acres. 

In 1771' the Southern States were the chief scene of the Revolutionary "War. In May, 17S0, Charleston surrendered to 
the British, and within a month all South Carolina w:is in possession of the victors. The loyalists at once flew to arms; 
of two parties assembled to aid the British one succeeded in reaching the outposts, but the other was dispersed by the 
militia. After the defeat of Gates at Camden (6th August) there was left no organized force in either of the Carolinas. 
Cornwallis prepared to make an eruption into the North State— the battles of King's Mountain, of the Broad River, of the 
Tyger River, and of the Cowpens followed in quick succession. The mutual animosities of the Whigs and Tories now 
exhibited itself in savage ferocity. Fort Watson, Ilobkirk's Hill, and Ninety-Six were also tlie scenes of warfare. The 
fortunes of war had hitherto vacillated ; at one time the State was. to all appearances, subdued, and at another, elated by 
success. On the Sth September, 17S1, the British were totally defeated by General Greene. Soon after the cajiture of 
Cornwallis (17lh October) Wilmington was evacuated (January, 17S2), and toward the end of the year peace was declared, 
and the British dominion within the State ended. 

The history of North Carolina, since the Revolution, exhibits few changes and few events of more than ordinary 
importjuice. During that period she acted with lurtitude, and by her great sacrifices in men and money contributed 
much to the successful result of the sttnggle. The Legislature acceded to the federal constitution on the 27lh November, 
17S9, by a vote of 193 yeas to 75 nays, and since then the people of no other State have adhered more firmly to the Union. 

Raleigu is the political capital of the State. 



North Caeteb, p. c, Plymouth co., Ma^. : 3S m. 9. S. E. 
Boston. 

North Castine, p. o., Hanccck co., Me. : 54 m. E. by N. 
Augusta. 



NoExn Castt,f.. t. and p. o., Westchester county, K. T.: 
'\(\G m. S. Albany. Drained by Byram r. Surface of t. 
hilly; soil, sandy loam and clay. Pop. 2,199. 

NoKTu Castlb, t., Schuylkill co., Penn,: 40 ra. N. E- 



NOR 



NOR 



Harrisburg. Drained by branches of the Schuylkill, Sur- 
face hilly and rugged; soil difficult of cullivatioii. The 
■whole re^on is uuderlaid with anthracite and iron. The 
capital invested in coal mining, in ISoO, was $503,560, and 
the value of the annual products was $:3S1,314. 

NoETH GuAKLESTowN, p. T. and sta., Sullivan' county, 
JK Hamp. : on Connecticut r. ; 44 m. W. by N. Concord ; 
IS m. from Bellows Falls by Sullivan E. E. 

NoRTU CiiA'cnAii, p. v., liaruatable co., Ma^s. : 73 m. S. E. 
Boston. 

North Cuathah, p.o., Clinton co., Penn. : 93 m. N. N.W. 
Harrisburg. 

NoETTi Chatham, p. v., Columbia co., 3^. T. : on E. side 
of Kinderhook cr., 15 m. 6. S. E. Albany. 

NofiTH CfiELMSPOBD, p. V., Middlesex co., Mius. : on the 
S. side of Merrimac r., 24 m. N. W. Boston, on the line of 
the Nashua and Lowell E. E., 4 m. from LoweU. Here is a 
very large iron foundry. 

NoRTu Chelsea, p. v. and sta., SufToIk co., Mass. .•4 m. 
N. N. E. Boston, on Eastern E. E. 

North Chemitsg, p. o., Chemung county, 2^. Y.: 153 m. 
W. S. W. Albany. 

NoHTH CuESTEE, p. o., Windsor county, Venn. : 6S m. S. 
Montpelier. 

NoRTtt CuESTEB, p. 0., Hampdcn co., M^i^s: 90 m. W. 
Boston. 

NoBxn Chestekville, p. c, Franklin co., Me.: 23 m. 
N. "VV. Augusta. 

North CmcnESTEB, p. o., Merrimac co., JT. Hamp. : 8 m. 
E. N. E. Concord. 

North Chili, p. o., Monroe co., J^T. Y.: 21G m. W. by N. 
Albany. 

NoETH Claeexce, p. 0., Erie county, 2^. Y. : 23S m, W. 
Albany. 

North Claresdos, p. v. and sta., Entland co., Verm. : 
on Otter cr., 53 m. S. S. W. Montpelier, and 3 m. S. E. from 
Eutlaud, by Eutland and Burlington E. E. 

North Claekson, p. o., Monroe county, X. Y. : 234 m. 
TV. by N. Albany. 

North Coh-vsset, p. v., Norfolk county, J/<(-w. .* 14 m. 
S. E. Boston, by the South Shore Eailroad, 22 m. from 
Boston. 

North Cohocton, p. o., Steuben co., K. Y. : 200 m. "SV. 
Albany. 

North Colebbook, p. o., Litchfleld co.. Con?!.: 28 m. 
N. W, by W. Hartford. 

North Collins, p. o., Erie county, 2i. Y: 257 m. "W. 
Albany. 

North Conway, p. o., Carroll county, y. Hamp. : 5S m. 
N. N. E. Concord. 

North Concord, sta., Merrimac co., 2T. Hamp. ; 6 m. N. 
Ctmcord, on Boston and Montreal E. R. 

North Cove, p. o., M'Dowell county, JT. Car.: 1S6 m. 
W. by N. Ealeigh. 

NoETH Cbeek, p. o., Laurens district, S. Car. : 63 m. N.W, 
Columbia. 

North Ceebk, p. o., Phillips co., -4r^-.; 93 m. E. by S. 
Little Rock. 

North Danveks, p. v., Essex co., Mass.: 11 m. N. by E. 
Boston, on the line of the Essex E. E., 5 ra. from Salem. 

North Danville, p. o., Caledonia county, Venn.: 2G m. 
N. E. by E. Montpelier, 4 m. "W. SL Johnsbury. 

North Dartmouth, p. v., Bristol co., Mass.: on the E. 
side of Pomanset r., 51 m. S. Boston. 

. North Dighton. p. o., Bristol county, Mass. : 86 m. 8. 
Boston. 

North Dismount, p. c, Penobscot co., Me. .* 41 m. N. E, 
Augusta, 

North Dorset, p. v., and sta. Bennington co., Verm. : 
72 m. TV. S. Vf. Montpelier, 22 m. S. Eutland, by Western 
Vermont E. E. 

North Dovkr, p. t., Cuyahoga comity, Ohio: 115 m. 
N. E. by N. Columbus, near Lake Erie. 
604 



North DrANESBrao, p. c, Schenectady co., i\'. Y. : 23 m. 
"W. by N. Albany. 

North Dcnbaeton, p. o., Merrimac county, 2f. Ramp. : 
7 m. S. W. by S. Concord. 

North East, p. o. and sta., Cecil co., Md. : on E. side of 
North-east r., 54 m. N.N. E. Annapolis. on the I'liiladdphia 
and Baltimore E. E., 52 ra. from Philadelphia, 46 from 
Baltimore. 

North Eapt, t. and p. v., "Duchess county, N'. r; .- 50 m. 
S. by E. Albany. Drained by Ten Mil« cr. and branches. 
Surface partly mountainous; soil adapted to grazing. The 
Harlem II. E. passes through the L 96 m. from New York. 
Pop. 1,555. 

North E-vst, t, p. b., and sta., Erie co., Penn. : bounded 
N. by Lake Erie, and E. by New York State. Drained by 
SLxteen and Twenty Mile creeks. The t. contains numerous 
saw and grist mills. The Erie and North-east E. K. passes 
through the t. 15 m. from Erie. 

North East Centre, p. o., Duchess co., X. Y. : 52 m. 
S. by E. Albany. 

North Ea&tham, p. o., Barnstable ca, Muss. : 63 m. S. E. 
Boston. 

North Easton, p. o., Bristol co., Mass. : 20 m. S. Boston, 

North Easton, p. o., Washington co., JS^. Y. : on Batten 
Kill, 2S m. N. N. E. Albany. 

North Eaton, p. o., Lorain co., OMo : 105 m. N- E. by N. 
Columbus. 

North Edgecomb, p. o., Lincoln co.. Me. : on E. bank 
of Sheepscot r., 27 m. S. S. E. Augusta. 

North Egrkmont. p. v., Berkshire county, Mass. : on a 
branch of Huusatonic r., near New York Slate line, 1X0 m. 
W. by S. Boston. 

North Elba, p. o., Essex co., N. K ; 103 m. N. Albany. 

North Ellsworth, p. o., Hancock county, Me. : 67 m. 
E. N. E. Augusta. 

North End, p. o., Mathews co., Virg.: 51 m. E. byS. 
Richmond. 

North Enfield, p. v. and sta., Grafton co., N". ffamp.: 
on Mascomy river and pond, 43 m. N. W. Concord. The 
Northern E. E. passes through the v. 59 m. from Coucord. 

North Evans, p. o., Erie county, 2/i Y.: 276 m. W. 
Albany. 

North Fabitts riyer, 3/"o. ; in N. W. portion of the State, 
flows S. W. through Scotland and Marion counties, and en- 
ters Mississippi r, opposite Quincy, ///. 

North Faicfax, p. o., Franklin county, Venn.: 36 m. 
N. W. by N. Montpelier. 

North Fairfield, p. o., Somerset county, Me.: 25 m. N. 
Augusta. 

North Fairfield, p. o., Huron co., Ohio : 79 m. N. by E. 
Columbus. 

North Faiehaten, p. r., Bristol co., Mass.: on E. bank 
of Acushnet r., 49 m. S. Boston. 

North FALMorm, p. v.. Barnstable co., 3fass. : 65 m. 
S. S. E. Boston, on inlet of Buzzard's bay. 

North Faemington, p. o., Oakland co., Mich. : 62 m. 
E. S. E. Lansing. 

North Favettf^ p. o., Kennebec county, Me. : 18 m. 
W. N. W. Augusta, 

Nmrth FcRBisiu'RO, p. o, and sta., Addison co., Venn.: 
.j2 m. W. Montpelier, 15 m. S. Burlington by RuUand and 
Burlington B. R. 

NoRTiuiELD, p. v., Litchfield co., Conn.: 24 m. W. by S. 
Ifartford, in S. E. part of Litchfleld town. Surface rough ; 
soil adapted to grazing. 

NoKTHi-iELD, p. o., Cook county^ Jii. : 177 m. N. N. E. 
Springfield, 19 m. N. W. Chicago. 

NoRTHfTELD, p. v., Boonc county, Ind. : 19 m. N. N. W. 
Indianapolis. Drained by Eagle creek. 

NoRTiiprKLD, t. and p. o., Wa«ihington county, Me,: on 
Machi:tf r, 118 m. E. N. E. Augusta. Pop. 2^G. 

NoRTHFiKLD, L, p. v., find stft., Franklin co., SFoss. : 78 ni, 
W. N. W. Boston. Drained by Counecticut river, which 



NOR 



NOR 



divides the town, and by several small affluents. Surface 
tmdulaling, with large tracts of alluvial jilains in the inter- 
vales; soil fertile and well cultivated. The t. was first set- 
tled in 16T3. The v. is beautifully situated on an elevated 
plain about 1 m. from the r. on the E. side. The t. contains 
a few stores and manufactories. The Bratlk-boro' Brara'h 
of Vernjont and Massachusetts E. It. passes tbrcmgh the t. 
Top. 1,773. 

KoETitFiELD. t and p. c, TVashtenaw co., J/?c7i. ; 44 m. 
E. S. E, by-S. Lansing. The r. is in the N. "W. corner of I. 
on 'Whitmore's lake, which is connected with Huron r. by a 
small stream. Pop. 1,116. 

NoETUFiELD, t, aud sta,, Merrimac co., N. Hump. : on "W. 
side of Merrimac r. and S. side "W'innipiseogee r., 13 m. 
N. by W. Concord. The Boston, Concord, and Montreal 
E. E. passes through this town. Near Sanbornlon Bridge 
is the New IIampshu*e Conference Seminary, a Methodist 
institution, having five teachers. Pop. (if L 1,332. 

NocTHTiELD, t and p. o., Summit county, Ohio: 116 m. 
N. E. by N. Columbus. Surface of t. undulating; soil fer- 
tile; well watered by Cuyaho<;a r. and its branches. The 
Cleveland an<i Pittsburg K. E. and Ohio Canal pass through 
Uiis L Pop. 1,474. 

NoRTHFiELD, L, p. 0., and sta., Washington co., Verm. : 
10 m. S. S. "W. Montpelier. Drained by Dog river, which 
affords water-power. Surface uneven; soil fertile. The 
Vermont Central E. E. passes through the v. 10 m. from 
Montpelier. 

NoF.To Flat, p. c, Wyoming co., Peiin, : 95 m. N. N. E. 
Ilarrisburg, 

' NoRTUFORD, p. v., Ncw Havcn co., Conn, : 11 m. N, E. 
New Haven. Has several factories. 

North Fork, p. o., Izard co., J./-i'. ; on Big North Fork 
river, 111 m. N. Little Eock. 

North Fork, p. o., Vermillion co., HZ. : on the W. side 
of the North fork of Big Vermillion river, 104 m. E. by N. 
Springfield. 

North Fork, p. v., Mason co., Xy. ; 72 m. E. N. E. 
Frankfort 

North Fork, p. o., Ashe co., 2^. Car. : on North fork of 
New r., 171 m. W. N. W. Raleigh. 

North Fork, p. c, Washington co., Ylrg. : on N. fork 
of Hulstun r., 2T5 m. W. S. W. Richmond. 

North Fork of While river, Mo. and Ark. : drains Ozark 
CO.. Mo., flows S. into Ark., and enters White r. at liberty, 
in N. W. corner of Izard county. 

North Frankfort, p. o., Waldo co., Jftf. ; on W. side of 
Penobscot r., 5G m. N. E. by E. Augusta. 

North Fkanklcs, p. o., New Loudon co., Conn, : 32 m. 
K S. E. Hartford. 

North Feakklis, p. c, Delaware co., K. T. : 72 m. 
W. S. W. Albany. 

North Fetebcrq, p. o., Oxford co., Me. : on Saco r., 61 m. 
W. S. W. Augusta. 

North Gage, p. o., Oneida co., 2^'. Y. : S2 m. N.W. by W. 
Albany. 

North Gal way, p. c, Saratoga county, 2k\ T. : 30 m. 
N. N. W. Albany. 

North G aepes, p. o., Albemarle co., Virg. : 65 m.W.N.W. 
Richmond. 

North Ge-jegeto^tx, p. v., Columbiana county, Ohio: 
117 m. N. E. by E. Columbus. Drained by branch of Ma- 
honing river. 

North Goshen, p. v., Litchfield CO., Cojtn. : 30 m. W. N. W. 
Hartibrd. 

North GEA^■BY, p. t., Hartford co., Conn. : IS m. N. N. W. 
Hartford. 

North GKAhTiLLE. p. v., Washington co., JV. r; ;_53 m. 
N. N. E. Albany, on Pawlet r. 

North Greece, p. o., Monroe co., -V. Y. : 273 m. W. by N. 
Albany. 

Nokth Greenwich, p. o., Fairfield CO., Conn, ; 41 m. 
W. S.W. New Haven. 



North Gcf.ekwiou, p. o., Washington co., A' Y. : 34 m. 
N. by E. Albany. 

North Groton, p. c, Graflon co., 2^. Jlatfip. : 83 m. 
N. N. W, Concord. 

North Gcilford, p. v.. New Haven co., Conn.:1^ m. 
E. N. E. New Haven. Drained by ML-nunk:ituck r. 

North Gcilfoud, p. o., Chenango co., A', i'.; D2 ml 
W. by 8. Albany. 

North Hadlet, p. v., Hampshire co., Mass.: on E. side 
of Connecticut r., S7 m. W. Boston. 

North Hajuden, p. o., Delaware county, A". }* ; 72 m. 
S. W. by W.Albany. 

North Ua^jden, p. o., Penobscot co.. J/-'. ; 50 ra. X. E. 
Augusta. 

North Hampton, p. v., Peoria coimty, I/l. : 7S m. N. 
Springfield. A siiuUl settlement in a rich agricultural district. 

North Hampto>-, t., p. o., and stii., Eockiiigham county, 
^V. Ilariip. : 3S m. E. S. E. Concord ; bounded on the K. by 
Atlantic Ocean. The Eastern E. E. passes through the t., S 
m. from Portsmouth. Pop. S22. 

North Hampton, p. o., Clark county, OJiio: 49 m. W. 
Columbus. 

North Hancock, p. o., Hancock co., Me. : 74 m. E. by N. 
Augusta. 

North Hanson, sta.. Plymouth co., Mass. : on Old Colony 
E. E., 23 m. E. ?. E. Boston. 

North HARPERSFmLD, p. o., Delaware co.. A"". Z ; 54 m. 
W. by S. Albany. 

North Uartland, p. v. and sta., Windsor co., Ver7}i.:oii 
Connecticut r., 49 m. S. byE. MontpeUer. Sta. of VL Cea- 
tral E. E., S m. from Windsor. 

North Haven, t., p. v., and sta., New Haven co,, Conn. : 
S m. N. N. E. New Haven, on Wallingford r. Surface of t. 
mostly level ; soil sandy and verj* fertde. A large tract is 
a salt marsh, producing large quantities of gr.iss. Vast 
quantities of brick are made here. The Harlft^rd and New 
Haven E. E. passes through the t Pop. 1,32S. 

North Haven, p. o., Hancock co.. Me. : on N. Fox Island, 
in Penobscot bay, 51 m. E. S. E. Augusta. 

North Haverhill, p. v., GraHon county, A'! Hamp.: on 
Connecticut r., 7o m. N. N. W. Concord, ou the line of the 
Boston, Concord, and Montreal E. E. 

North Haverstraw, p. o., Eockland co., A'". Y. : ou W. 
side Huilson r., HG m. S. by W. Albany. 

North Hburon, p. o„ Washington co., -V. Y. : on Black 
cr., 4S m. N. N. E. Albany. 

North Hector, p. o., Tompkins Co., A". Y. : on E. side of 
Seneca lake, 164 m. W. Albany. 

North Hfaipstead, t, p. v., and cap. Queens co., A"". Y. : 
130 m. S. Alliuny. The surface is uneven aiKl hilly, being 
traverstd by the ridge of the island. The sod is Siuidy, but 
is made productive by cultivation. It is penetrated by 
several bays of I/mg Island Sound. Su&^e*5 Pi-nd, a fine 
sheet of water, lies on its W. border, and is well stored with 
tish. The v., on the N. edge of H. Plains, and j ra. N. of 
the E. E., contains a court-house, jail, and several dwellings. 
The t. h.-i3 a dozen mills and some manufactures, stores, etc. 
Pop. of U 4.2H1. 

North Henderson, p. o., Mercer co., Hi. : 101 m. N. W. 
Springfield. 

North Hermon, p. o., Penobscot coxmty, Me. ; 67 m. 
N. E. by E. Augusta, 9 m. W. by N. Bangor. 

North Hero, L, p. v., and cap. Grand Isle coi, Ve/^m, : 
51 m. N. W.Montpilier. The surihce of this island contains 
6,272 acres ; the soil is very fertile. The v. contains the 
county builtlings. Pop. of t. 730. 

North Hooan, p. v., Eipley county, Ind. : 65 m. S. E. 
Indianapolis. Drained by branch of Laugherj's cr. 

Nor.Tu Hr.LLis, p. v., York co., Me, : ou W. side of Saco 
r., 45 ni. S. W. Augusta. 

North IIoosick, p. o. and sta., Rensselaer co., Al Y. : 
2S in. N. E. Albany, and station of tUo Troy and Boston 
U, E,, 27 m. from Troy, 

606 



NOR 



NOR 



North Hope, p. o., Butler co., Pejuu : 160 m. W. by N. 
Ilarrisburg. 

NoETH Hudson, t. and p. o., Essex co., 2i^, Y, : 96 m. N. 
Albany. Druined by Schrooa r., and contains several small 
Jakes. Surt'uce mountainous ; soil broken but fertile. Tim- 
ber of Inrgii size is very abundant; and there are extensive 
'peins of iron. Pop. 561. 

Nor.Tn Hydepakk, p. o., Lamoille co., Vemi.: 27 m. N. 
Montpelier. 

North Industry, p. v., Stark co., Ohio : 9S m. N. E. by E. 
Columbus, on Tuscarawas r., which affords power to several 
mills. 

North Isdcstkt, p. o„ Franklin co., J/t'. .• 30 m. N. N.W. 
Auj;uqta. 

NoRTHiNGTON, p. V., Cumberland co., N. Car.: on S. side 
of Cape Fear r., 24 m. S. S. W. Ealeigh. 

NoiiTH island, Georgetown disL, S. Car. : at N. entrance 
of Wiuyaw bay. 

NoRTU Jackson, p. o., Mahoning county, Ohio : 132 m. 
N. E. by E. Columbus. 

■ North Janesville, p. o., Eock co., Wi^c. : 34 m. 6. S. E. 
Madison. 

North Java, p. o., "Wyoming county, 2^. T. : 24S m. W. 
Albany. 

North Jay, p. o., Franklin county. Me. : 27 m. N. W. 
Augusta. 

North Kennebttnk Poet, p. v., York county, Me. : 74 m. 
6. W. by S. Augusta. 

North Killingly, p. v., Windhara co., Con7i. : on E. side 
Quinnebaug r., 43 m. E. by N. Ilariford. 

NoTiTH Kortright, p. o., Delaware county, ^1 Y. : 57 m. 
"W. S. "W. Albany. 

North Lansing, p. o., Tompkins co., N. Y. : 144 m. "W. 
Albany. 

North Lawrence, p. o., St. Lawrence co., K. Y.: 156 m. 
N. N. "W. Albany. 

North Leeds, p. o. and sta., Kennebec co., Me.: on E. 
Bide of Androscoggin r., 20 ra. W. Angusta; sta. of Andros- 
coggin R. It., 10 m. from junction of Androscoggin and 
Kennebec R. K. 

North LroMiNSTEE, p 0., "Worcester county, Ma98. : 89 m. 
"W. N. W. linslon. 

North Levkbett, p. v., Franklin county, Mass.: 74 m. 
"W. by N. Bost*m. 

North Lewisburg, p. o., Champaign co., Ohio: 42 m. 
"W. by N. Columbus. 

North Liberty, p. v., Mercer co., Penii, : on Wolf cr., 
176 m. W. N. "W. Harrisburg. 

North Liberty, p. o., Knox co., Ohio : 33 m. N. E. by N. 
Columbus. 

North Liberty, p. o., St. Joseph co., Inrf. : on a branch 
of Kankakee r., 120 m. N. by W. Indianapolis. 

North Lima, p. v., Mahoning co., Ohio : 136 m. N. E. by E. 
Columbus. 

Nop.Tn Lincoln, p-. v., Penobscot co., Me. : on E, bank 
of Penobscot r., 104 m. N. E. Augusta. 

North Linklean, p. o., Chenango co., K Y. : 112 m. "W. 
Albany. 

North Littleton, p. o., Grafton co., K. ITamp. : S3 m. 
N. by W. Concord. 

North Livermore, p. v., Oxford co.. Me. : 24 m. W. by N. 
Augusta, 2 m. W. from Kennebec r. 

North Londonderry, p. o. and sta., Rockingham county, 
IT. Ramp.: 23 ra. S. by E. Concord, on Manchester and 
Lawrence R. R., 26 m. from Lawrence, 6 m. from Manchester. 

North Lovell, p. o., Yell CO., Ark, : 66 m. W. N. W. 
Little Rock. 

North Lyman, p. o., Grafton County, Jl'i Samp. : 76 m. 
N. by "W. Concord. 

North Lyme, p. v., New London ooiinty. Conn. : 82 m. 
E. by N. New Haven. Drained by a br.inch of Conn. r. 

North Madison, p. v., New Haven co., Conn.: on "W. 
side Hammouassett r., 17 m. E. N. E. New Haven. 
606 



North Madison, p. o., Jefferson county, IiuJ. : 2 m. N. 
Madison, SO m. S. S. E. Indianapolis. It contains the prin- 
cipal workshops of the Madison and Indianapolis R, R. 

North Manchester, p. v., Wabash co., Ind. : on Eel r., 
85 m. N. by E. Indianapolis. 

North Mablow, p. o., Cheshire co., N. Satnp. : 34 m. 
W, by S.' Concord. 

North Marshall, p. 0., Calhoun county, MicJi.: 37 m. 
S. W. by S. Lansing. 

North Marshfield. p. o., Plymouth co., Mass. : on S. 
side of North r., 28 m. S. E. Boston. 

NoRTu Middleuorocgu, p. v., Plymouth co., Mass. : 31 m. 
S. by E. Boston. 

North Middlesex, p. o., Yates co., 2T. Y. : on W. side 
of Cauandaigua lake. 1S6 m. W. Albiiny. 

North Middleton, p. y.. Bourbon co.. Ky. : 43 m. E. by S. 
Frankfort 

North MoNMOUTiii p. o., Kennel)ec county, Me. : 15 m. 
S. W. Augusta, near Androscoggin and Kennebec E. E., 
4S m. from Portland. 

North Montpelier, p. o., 'Washington co.. Verm.: 6 m. 
N. Montpelier. 

North Mountain, p. o., Berkeley co., Virg, : 145 m. 
W. of N.Richmond, 

North Mount Pleasant, p. v., Marshall co., Mi^s, : 
l&i m. N. by E. Jackson, near Tennessee Slate line. 

North Newburg, p. o., Penobscot co., Me. : 49 ra. N. E. 
Augusta. 

North Newbuet, p. o., Geauga co., O?iio: 133 m. N. E. 
Columbus. 

North Newport, p. o., Penobscot county, Me,: 49 m.' 
N. E. by N. Augusta. 

North Newport river, Liberty co., Ga. : is navigable to 
Riceboro', 20 m. from the ocean. 

NuRTii New Portland, p. o., Somerset co.. M'\ : on N. 
branch of Seven Mile brook, 45 m. N. N. "W. Augusta. 

NoR'iii New Salem, p. v., Franklin co., Mam.: 66 m, 
W, by N. Boston. 

North Norway, p. a, Oxford co.. Me.: 43 m. W. by 9. 
Augusta. 

North Norwich, t. and p, o., Chenango co., -V; Y.: 95 m. 
W. Allxmy. Drained l)y Chenango r. The v. is on the W. 
bank of the r. in the N. W. part of the town, and on the 
Chenango Canal. Pop. of t. 1,172. 

North NoRwacn, p. o., Huron count}% Ohio: 7S m. N. 
Columbus. 

North Orange, p. v., Franklin co., Mass. : 65 m.W. by N. 
Boston. 

North Orwell, p. o., Bradford co., reyin. : 114 m. N. by E. 
Harrisburg. 

North Oxford, p. v.,'Worcesterco.,il/'a5*.; 44 m.W.byS. 
Boston. 

North Palermo, p. o., Waldo co., Me. : 20 m. E. N. E. 
Augusta. ' 

North Paris, p. v. and sta., Oxford co., Me. : on N. bank 
of Little Androscoggin r., 40 m. W. Augusta, The Atlantic 
and St Lawrence R. It. passes through the v. 55 m. from 
Portland. 

North Parma, p. o., Monroe co., K. Y. : 231 m. W. by N. 
Albany. 

North Pap^onsfield, p. v., York co., Me, : 73 m. 9. W 
Augusta. Drained by cr. of Ossipee river. 

N( tRTH Penobscot, p. o., Hancock ca, Me. : 59 m. E. by N. 
Augusta. 

North Perry, p. o., Lake eo., Ohio: 150 m. N. E. by N. 
Columbus. The t. is on the line of the Cleveland and Erie 
R. R. 36 m. from Cleveland. 

North Perrysburg, p. o., Cattaraugus co., iV. Y. : on 
S. side Cattaraugus cr., 276 m. "W. Albany. 

North Pittson, p. v.. Kennebec co., Me. : on E. side of 
Kennel>ec r.. 7 m. S. Augusta. 

North Plains, t. and p. o., Ionia county, Mi<-h.: N. side 
Maple r, 26 m. N. W. by N. Lansing. Soil of L is rich 



NOR 



NOR 



saudy loam, very fertile ou the numerous creeks which flow 
through it. Pop. 293. 

NoRTn Plympton, p. v., Plymouth county, Ma^s. : 29 m. 
B. S. E. Boston. 

NoRxn PoENT, sta., Baltimore co., J/i/-.,* near Baltimore, 
on Philadelphia and Baltimore R. R. 

NoETu Point LiGUT-notrsE, Baltimore county, 3f'7.: on 
North Point Cape. Lat. 89° 11' 45"; long. 7(3° 2T' IT"; 
15 m. E. of N. Annapolis, is one of the most important lig:iit- 
hoiise stations ou the Atlantic sea-board. Here the British 
debarked in the war of 1S12. 

NoETuPOLT, p. o., Tuscaloosa co., Ala.: on N. W. side 
of Black Warrior r. opposit-s Tuscaloosa, 92 m. N. W. by W. 
Montgomery, 

NuuTtiponT, p. V. Noble co., lT>r7.: on N, side of North 
Fork of Elkhart r., 135 m. E. N. E. Indinimpolis. 

NuETHPOET, L and p, o., "Waldo county. Me. : 43 m. 
E. Augusta, on "W". side of Pennl)scnt bay. Some ship- 
building is carried on here. Pup. I,2(j0. 

NoBTUPOBT, p. 0., Suffolk county, iV. Y. : 124 m. S. by E. 
Albany. 

North Potsdam, p. c, SL Lawrence co., 2^. T. : 15S m. 
N. N. E. Albany. 

North Pownal, p. o., Cumberland county. Me. : 36 m. 
S. S. W. Augusta. 

NoETU PowNAL, p. o., Bennington couny, Verm.: lOS m. 
S. S. W. Monlpelier. 

NoRTu PiiAiEiE, p. 0., Knox CO., III. : 97 m. N. W. by N. 
Springfield. 

NouTii Prescott, p. v., Hampshire co., Mass.: 6& m. 
"W. by N. Boston. 

North Prospect, p. v., Walfio co., Jfe. : 47 m. E. N. E. 
Augusta. Drained by a creek of Penobscot r. 

North Raisinville, p. o., Monroe county, Mich. : 74 m. 
S. S. E. by E. Lansing. 

North Raymond, p. o., Cumberland county. Me. : 45 m. 
S. W. Augusta. 

North Reading, p. v., Middlesex co., 3fass. : on N. side 
of Ipswich r., 16 m. N. Boston, on the line of Salem and 
Lowell K. R., 10 ni. from Salem. 

North Reading, p. o., Steuben co., N. Y. : on W. side of 
Seneca lake, 1C9 m. W. by S. Albany. 

NoKTu RBUonoTH, p. v., Bristol co., Mms. : 35 m. S. by "W. 
Boston. 

NoETH EiDGETiLLE, p. V., LoraiH CO.. 07no : lOS m. N. E. 
by N. ColumlMis. Drained by N. br. of Black r. 

North Ridgkway, p. o., Orleans county, N. Y. : 244 m. 
W. by N. Albany. 

NoETH RiTEE, p. v., Tuscaloosa CO., Ahi.: on W. side of 
North r., 98 m. N. W. Montgomery. 

NoETH RiTEE Meeting-house, p. o., Unrnpshire county, 
Yirg.: on branch of Great Cacapon r., 127 rii, N. W. 
Richmond. 

North River Mills, p. o., Hampshire county, Yirg.: 
on branch of Great Cacapon river, 13S miles N. N. W. 
Richmond. 

Noetu Rochestee, p. v., Piyinouth county. Ma>^s. : 42 m. 
S. by E. Boston. 

North Rome, p. c, Bradford co., Penn. : 110 m. N. by E. 
Harrisburg. 

North Royalton, p. c, Cuyahoga co., Ohio: 111 m. 
N. E. by N. Cnhimbus. 

North Rt'^skll, p. o., St La\\Tence co.,-.S'; Y. : 143 m. 
N. W. by N. Albany. 

North Salem, p. v., Hendricks co., /«<?.; on branch of 
"Walnut fork of Eel r., W. N. W. Indianapolis. 

North Salem, p. o., Rockingham co., N. Hamp.: 34 ra. 
S. W. by S. Concord. 

North Salkm. t. and p. v.. Westchester co., IT. Y.: ^Z m. 
S. by E. Albany. Surface of t. hilly ; soil well adapted to 
grass and summer crops. The v. contains a few mills and 
store.*?. The Harlem R. E. passes through the W. pa^t of 
the town. Pop. 1,835. 



Noeth Saluda, Greenville dist.,.^. Of/-. ; on North Saluda 
river, 115 m. N.W. Columbia. 

Noeth Sanbornton, p. o., Belknap co., K. Hamp. : 23 m. 
N. by \V. Concord, 

Noeth Sandwich, p. v. and sta., Banistablo co., Mass. : 
49 m. S. E. by S. Boston, on Cape Cnd Bran(.'h R. R. 

North Sandwich, p. o., Carroll co., N. Hamp. : 45 m. 
N. Concord. 

North Soituate, p. v., Plymoulh county, Mam.: 17 m. 
S. E. byE. Bt-sinn. 

North Scituate, p. v.. Providence eo., /.', /. .■ if rn. W. 
Pro\idence. 

NuHTU Searbmount, p. o., "SVaMo ro., Mi-. : 27 m. E. 
Augusta. 

North Seai^port, p. o., Tratdo co.. Mc : 45 ui. E. N. E. 
Augusla. 

North Sedgewice, p. o., Hancock co., M'.: 60 m. E. 
Augusta. 

North Srwickly, t. and p. o.. Beaver co.. P^'nn.: on "W, 
side of Beaver r. and 3. &ide of Conequenossing cr., ISO m, 
W. by N. Harrisburg. Surtjice rolling ; soil calcareous loam. 
The t. contains several saw and grist mills, tanneries, and 
stores. The Boaver and Erie Canal passes through the L 
on bank of Beaver river. 

North Suapleigu, p. o., York co., 3S'-\ : 79 m. S. W. 
Augusta. 

Nortu Sheffield, p. o., Ashtabula county, Ohio: 174 m. 
N. E. Columbus. 

North Sheldon, p. o., Wyoming co., 2^. Y. : 244 m. "W. 
Albany. 

North SriERBURN, p. o., Rutland county, Yerm, ; 44 m. 
S. by W. Mnnlpelier. 

North Shore, p. o., Richmond county, A^ Y. : 140 m. 
S. by W. Albany. 

North Skunk river: runs parallel to Skunk r. on its N. 
side fur 70 m. when it joins it in Keokuk county. 

North Smitiu'ield, p. o., Bradford co., I'ciui. : 109 m. N. 
Harrisburg. 

North Somer'5. p. o., Tolland co., Conn. : 22 m. N. N. E. 
Hartf'Td. near State line. 

North Sparta, p. o., Livingston co., 2T. Y. : 210 ra. "W. 
All>any. 

North Spencer, p. v., Worcester county, Jfas/i. : 4S m- 
W. by S. Boston. 

Noeth Spring, p. o., Jackson co., Temt. : G2 m^ E. N. E. 
Nashville. 

North Speingfteld, p. v., Windsor co., Yt'rm. : on E. 
bank of Bl.aok r., GS m. S. by E. Mnntpdier. 

North Springfield, p. o., Summit co., Ohio : 107 m. N. E. 
Columbus. 

Nhrth Stamford, p. v., Fairflelil co., 0«w. ." on W. side 
of Mill r., 37 m. W. H. W. New Haven. 

North Star, p. o., Washington co., Pcnit : 178 m, W. 
Harrisburg. 

Noeth Star, p. o., Darke co., O/.h : fi4 m. W. Columbus; 

North Stephentown, p. o.. Ri-nsselaL-r co., -V. Y. : on 
Kinderhnok cr., 16 m. E. S. E. All»any. 

North Steeling, p. o., Cajniga co., 2^. Y. : on W. side of 
Little Sodus Bay, 155 m. W. by N. All)any. 

North Stockholm, p. o., St. Lawrence co., IT. Y. : 159 m. 
N. N. W Albany. 

North Stonington, t. and p. o.. New London county, 
Conn. : 47 m. E. S. E. Hartfi^rd. 56 m. E. by N. New Haven. 
Surface uneven and billy; soil gravelly loam, good for 
grazing. Watered by Paw'_-n(uck r. and its branches, which 
afford water-power to a number of tanneries, saw, and grist 
mills. Pop. 1.937. 

North Strafford, p. o., Strafford co., IT. Hamp.: 20 m. 
E. N. E. Concord. 

North Sudduey, p. v., Middlesex co., 3fass.: on 8. side 
of Concord r.. 21 m. W. by N. Boston. 

North Swansea, p. v., Bristol co., Mass. : 42 m, 8. by W. 
Boston. 

607 



NOR 



NOR 



NoaTH Tewkseuet, p. v., Middlesex co., Maes. : 23 m. 
N. N. AV. Boston. 

KouTu TuETFORD, p. T. Olid sta., Orange co., Term.,: on 
TV. bank of Connecticut r., 86 m. S. E. by E. Montpelier. 
Tbe Connecticut and Passumpsic Kivers ll.R. passes througU 
tilt! v., 17 rn. from Wliite Kiver Junction, and 43 m. from 
St. Jobnsburg. 

KoKTU Troy, p. o., Orleans county, Vej^n. : on E. side of 
Missisquo r., 52 m. X. by E. Montpulier. 

North Thuku, p. v., Boi'iistiible co., Mdss. : 53 m. E. S. E. 
Boston. 

North Tckner, p, v., Oxford co., Jfe.: on "W. side of 
Androscoggiu r., '25 m. W. by S. Augusta. 

?*OKrn Turner Bridge, p. o., Oxford co., Me. : on An- 
dro.scogg;in r, 22 m. TV. by S. Augusta. 

KoiiTiiuMBicRLAND couuty, PeiiiK Situatc E. centrally, 
and eoniiiins 431 aq. ra. Tbe Susquehanna r. passes through 
it centrally from E. to W., and forms ils S. "W. boundary. It is 
drained by this r. and its alMaents. Surface varied ; in most 
parts it is mountainous and much broken, but along the r. 
there are some level bottoms ; soil in general poor ; the land 
on the river, however, is fertile, and produces good crops of 
wheat, Indian corn, and potatoea; tobacco is also grown. 
It is e.\lensively engagod in manufactures and mining. It 
contains iron ore and coal, and has some good limber land. 
Farms 1.74S ; raanuf. 153 i dwell. 4.06-2, and pop.— wh. 23.1S0, 
IV. col. 92— total 23,272. CapUal : Sunbury. I>uUic Worlfi : 
Bnnbury and Erie K. E., and several raih*oads to the mines 
from Sunbury, etc. 

NoKTOcMTJEnLASD county, Virff. Situate E. on Chesa- 
•peake bay, and contains 143 sq. m. Drained by small 
streams whicli flow into the Potomac and the Chesapeake. 
Surface generally level; soil of average fertility. Chief pro- 
ductinns, cotton and Indian corn. Farms 492; mamif. 3; 
dwell. 639, and pop.— wb. 3,073, fr. coL 509, si. 3,755— total 
7,:>46. Capital: Heathsville. 

NonxnuMiJEELAND, t, p. V., and sta., Coos co., 2^. Hatnjx : 
on Connecticut r. and both sides of Upper Ammonoosue r., 
9.3 m. N. Concord. The soil along the Connecticut is very 
fertile. Here are falls in tbe r., and a dam across its whole 
width aflbrds great water-power on each side to mills of 
various kinds. The Atlantic and St. Lawrence E. E. passes 
through the v., 122 m. from Portland. Pop, of t 429. 

North ITU GERLAND, t. and p. o., Saratoga co., 2/. Y. : on 
W. aide Hudson r.. 36 m. N. by E. Albany. Surface level ; 
soil sandy loam, well drained. The Saratoga and Wasliiug- 
ton R. E. passes through the N. "W. part. Pop. 1,775. 

North uiiBERLAKD, p. b., Northumberland co., Penn. : at 
the confluence of the E. and W. branches of the Susque- 
hanna r., 54 m. N. Harrisburg. A bridge spans each branch 
of the r. The Shamoken dam, 2,7S3 feet long, crosses the 
river, having a chute 650 feet long and 64 feet wide. The 
Susquehanna N. and W. branch canals meet here, but 
<ii*-> not afford as much business to the place as formerly. A 
railroad is contemplated to pass through to connect with the 



Catawissa branches E., N., N. E., N. W., and S. roulca. 
The streets are regularly and well laid out, and the village 
affords a quiet and pleasant place ol residence. P. 1,041- 

North Union, p. o,, Washington co., Ohio : S2 m. E. S. E. 
Columbus. 

North Union, p. o., Lincoln coimty, Me. : on E. side of 
Muscongus r., 27 m. E. S. E. Augusta, 

North Uniontown, p. o.. Highland co., Ohio: 63 m, 
S. W. by S. Cohunbus. 

North Urbana, p. o., Steuben co., X. Y.: on W. side 
of Crooked lake, ISG m. W. by S. Albany. 
. North Vassalborough, p. o., Kennebec co., Me. : on E. 
side of Kennebec r., 14 m. N. N. E. Augusta. 

North Vernon, p. o., Shiawassee county, Midi. : 82 ul 
E. N. E. by E. Lansing. 

NoRTirviLLE, p. v., Litchfield co., Conn. : on E. Aspetuek 
river, 3S m. W. by S. Hartford. 

NoRTHviLLE, p. V., La Sallo county, HI. ; 97 m. N. N E. 
Springfield. Pop. 961. 

NoBTHviLLE, Sta., Plymouth co.. Mans.: on Bridgewater 
Branch R. R., 22 m. from Boston. 

NoRTuvTLLE, p. V., Wayuc county, Mich, : 57 m. E. S. E. 
Lansing, on the W. branch of the Eouge r., at the conflo* 
ence of the outlet of the Walled lake. Here are great 
natural advantages for manufacturing, there being 37 feet 
of water-power. Considerable capital is already employed, 

NoETiiviLLE, p. 0., FuUon CO., JV. K; on E. bank of Sa*- 
condaga r., 44 m. N. "W. by N. Albany. 

NoRTHviLLE, p. V., Erie CO., Fenn. : 20S m. N. "W. by W. 
Harrisburg. 

North Waldobobougij, p. o., Lincoln co., Me. : 28 nk 
S. E. by E. Augusta. 

North Wardsborough, p. o., "Windham co., Vemui 
S4 m. S. MontpoUer. 

North Washington, p. v., Westmoreland eo., Penn,: 
141 m. W. by N. Harrisburg. 

North Waterfoed, p. o., Oxford co., Me. : 43 m. W. by ^ 
Augusta. 

North Wayne, p. c, Kennebec co., Mc: 17 m. W. 
Augusta. 

North West, t and p. o., Williams co., Ohio: 144 no. 
N. W. Columbus. Soil fertile. Drained by branches of St 
Joseph's r. Pop. 343. 

North West bay, X. Y. : on W. side of Lake ChamplaiD. 

North West Bkidgewateb, p. o., Plymouth co., Mass.: 
22 ni. S. Boston. 

NoRTfl Western, p. o., Oneida county, IT. Y. : 101 m» 
W. N. W. Albany. 

North West Fork, hund., Sussex co., Del. : on W. side 
of Nanticoke r., SO m. S. by W. Dover. Area, 76,450 acrea. 

North West Mine, p. o., Houghton co.. Mich, : 800 m. 
N. N. W. Lansing, Cue of the most productive mines of 
the Suite. 

North West River Bridge, p. o., Norfolk co., Virg^ : on 
North West r., 96 m. S. E. Eichmond. 



THE NORTH WEST TERRITORY. 

The North West Territory is situate between the parallels of ^KO and 49^ latitudes north, and extends east and we^ 
between 99° 112° Ittngitudes west from Greenwich, or 21° 5S' and 34° 5S' from Wjishington. It is bounded on the north by 
the British possessions, on the east by White Earth and Missouri rivers, which separate it from Minnesota Territory, on the 
south by Nebraska Territory, and on the west by the crest of the Rocky Mountains, which divides it from Oregon and 
M*ashington territories. On the east and west its outline is irregular, conforming to the course of the Missouri on one side, 
and to that of the Rocky Mountains on the other side. The average length of the country, east and west, is about 530 
miles, and the average breadth, north and soulh, about 420 miles, with an area of 223,000 square miles. (The extent of 
th>j legion, according to the census of 1850. is stated at 5S7,564 square miles, a statement evidently incorrect). 

The general surface of this region is highly diversified by mountiiins, valleys, and plains. The greater portion of the 
country is inclosed between the Rocky and Wind River mountains and the Black Hills, a continuation of the latter north- 
ward. The immense basin formed by these mountains is drained by the Missouri and its great tributary, the Yellow 
Stone, which, with their numerous affluents, reach to Ita farthest boundaries west, south, and east. On the north of Iho 
busin is also a watershed dividing the streams flowing northward through the British possessions from those tributary to 
tho great rivers just noticed. It is thus hemmed in on every sid^ and fomis a distinct geographical section. The Mis- 
Biuri rises in numerous head streams from the Rocky Mountains in the vicinity of the sources of the southern branch of 
603 



NOR 



NOR 



the Columbia of Oregon. Its course is first norlh, then east to the Black HilU, near the edijo of which it receives the 
Yellow Sloiie, a river having its principal sources in the Wiml Kiver Mountains, ami after turniiiii the Biaek Hills in 
About latitude ^S° north, it haa a course south-east and south, forming in its mcauiierin,i;3 the eastern border nf the Ter- 
ritcwy. From the east side of the Black Hills it also receives numerous tributaries, but none of large size. 'Ihe slopes of 
tJ]0 country are indicated by the direction of its streams: within the basin the inclination is to the uurih and ni>rth-ea3t 
up to the Mi:^souri, and from thence the country rises to the norlh, and outside, east of the Black Hills, it slupes to the 
east. Both the Missouri and Yellow Stone are navigable fur light draft steamers, and hence, whenever tliis countiy 
becomes Ihe residence of civilized man, the capacity at these streams will oj)en to him a higlnvay to the niarl^ets of the 
South and East, while their tributary streams, rapid and broken m they are, will alTord everj^ facility for milling and the 
manufactiires. On the whole, it is an eligible country fi>r settlement, having timber of various kinds of niagniflceut 
growlh. a fine soil, and a climate, if not congenial to the tender i)Iant, on account of its northern inland situatiun, yet one 
in which most of the usual farming operations may be profitably carried on. For salubrity it is unsurpassed. It is a 
second riah. as regards its topography, wilhout its deserts and sandy plains. 

This Territory fnrmed a part of the Louisiana purchase. It is not yet organized, but retains the name of the North 
"West Territory, from its being the only unorganized remnant of that once largo district so named, and to which it was 
allacherl soon after its acquisition by the United States. The hunter and trapper, or the red man of the forests, are its 
scde occupants at the present time, but the day is not far distant on which the pioneer of civilization will cross the groat 
river to make his home in its rich valleys, and drive his flocks and herds to the hills for range and pasture. 



NoHTn WETnEusFnELD, p. 0., "Wyoming co,,iV; Y. : 231 m. 
W. Albany. 

North "Wbymoftii, p. v. and sta., Norfolk co., 3f<iss. : 
11 m. S. S. E. Boston, IS^ m. from Boston by South Shore 
railroad. 

North Whap-ton, p. o., Potter county, Penn,: lOS m. 
N. W. by N. Ilarrisburg. 

NonTir Wnn-E Ckeek, p. v., "Washington co., JZ T. : 32 m. 
N. E. Albany. The " Washington Co. Post" (whig) is pub- 
lished weekly. 

North Wiiitefteld, p. v., Lincoln co., Me. : on E. side of 
Sheepscot r., 14 m. S. E. Augusta. 

North WniTEirALL, t, and p. v., Lehigh co., Penn-. : 70 m. 
E. N. E. Harrisburg. Drained by Copley and Jordan creeks, 
and other tributaries of Lehigh r., by which it is bounded 
on the N. E. Surface even ; soil calcareous loam, fertile 
and well cdltivated. There are numerous saw and grist 
mills, tanneries, and distilleries. 

Nnp.TU WiLNA, p. o., Jefferson co., Al Y. : 137 m. N. W. 
Albany. 

North Wilton, p. o., Franklin co., Me. : 31 m. N. W. 
Augusta. 

North "Wilton, p. o., Fairfield co., Conn.': 27 m. "W. by S. 
New Haven, near Danbury and Norwalk E. K. 

North Windham, p. v., Windham co., Conn.: 27 ni. 
E. by S. Hnrtford. 

North Windham, p. v., Cumberland county. Me. : 41 m. 
8. W. Augusta, near S. end of Little Sebago Pond. 

North WoLFHoEouau, p. o., Carroll co., jY I/amp : 33 m. 
N. N. E. Concord, 

North "Woodstock, p. v., Windham co., Cotm. : on a 
branch of Quinnebaug r., 36 ra. E. N. E. Hartford. 

North WnODSTonc, p. o,, Oxford county, Mi\ : 40 m. W". 
Augusta. The Atlantic and St. Lawn-nee R. R. passes 
through I. of "W., having sta. at Bryant's Pond, 62 m. from 
Portland. 

North Wrentham, p. v. and sta., Norfolk co., 3f<(-ss. : 
22 m. S. "W. Boston, on tho Norfolk County E. E., 22] m. 
from Boston. 

North Yam Hill, p. o., Yam Hill co., Oreff. : SO ni. N. W. 
Salem. 

North Yarmouth, t, p. o., and sta., Cumberland co., 
Me.: 40 m. S. "W. by S. Augusta. The Atlantic and St. 
Lawrence R. E. passes through the t 15 m. from Portland. 
Pop. 1,221. 

Norton, t. p. v., and sta., Bristol co., 3fa-^s. : 27 m. 
8. by W. Boston. Drained by Enmford, Cocasset. and 
Canoe rivers and other small streams. Surface diversified ; 
Boil moderately fertile. The v. is on Taunton Branch E. E., 
4 m. from Mansfield. Pop. of t. 1,967. 

Norton, p. v., Delaware co., Ohio: on "W. side of "W. 
branch of ^^hetslone r., 41 m. N. by W. Columbus. 

Norton Cestee, p. o., Summit co., Ohio: 99 m. N. E. 
Columbus. 

89 



Norton's Mills, p. o., Ontario CO., A^. 3' ;193m.'W. by N. 
Albany. 

Nortonstille, p. 0., Albemarle co., Virg. : C9 m. W. N.W. 
Eiehmoud. 

Nortonstille, p. c, Ottawa co^ Mich. : 80 m. "W. N. W. 
Lansing. 

Norvell, p, 0., Jackson co., 3fich, : 32 ra. S. Lansing. 

Norwalk, t., p. b., and sta., Fairfield co., CoitJi. : on both 
sides of Norwalk r., boundeil S. by Long Island Sound, 80 
m. W. S. W. New Haven, 63 m. S. W. Hartford. Surface 
oft uneven ; soil very fertile. The b. is on both sides of the 
r., which is navigable to this point for vessLds drawing 6 
feet of water. Here are 3 churches, and 1 bank— capital 
$175,330. The t. contains 2 extensive factories of felt beaver 
clolh, besides other manufactories. Two newspapers are 
published weekly. "N. Gazelle" and "Fairfield Co. Re- 
publican." The New York and New Haven E. E. passes 
through thob., 44 m. from New York, 32 ni. from New 
Haven, connecting here with Danbury and Norwalk R. E* 
Two ra. S. is the p. v. of South Norwalk, the terminus of 
T). and N. R. E., and the landing of Ihe New York steam- 
boats. Pop. of t. in 1S40, 3,SG3 ; in 1850, 4,651. 

Norwalk, t.. p. v., and cap. Huron co., 0?iio : on.E. side 
of Huron r., 87 m. N. by E. Colurabus. Soil of t. is very 
fertile, and finely adapted for grain and grass. Drained by 
Huron r. and br. Tlie v. is well situated, and is the main 
station on the Toledo, Norwalk, and Cleveland, E. R. 
Contains 5 churches, several mills, and other factories. 
Two newspapers are published weekly, '" Huron Tieflector" 
(whig), and " Norwalk Experiment" (deiu.) Pop. of v. 
1,441 ; of t. 3,159. 

Norwalk river, Fairfield co., Covn.: flows through a 
beautiful and fertile valley in S. direction, about -JO ni., into 
Long Island Sound. Along its banks runs Ilie Danbury 
and Norwalk E. E. It is navigable to Norwalk borough. 

Norway, t. and p. v., Oxford co., M". : 42 m. W. by S. 
Augusta. Soil fertile, and well watered by Norway Pond, 
LitUe Androscoggin and Crooked river.s. The v. is at the 
outlet of Norway Pond. Two newspapers, the '' Pine State 
News" and "Norway Advertiser," are published weekly. 
Pop. 1,963. 

Norway, p. o., La Salle county, 111: 121 m. N. N. E. 
Springfield. 

Norway, t. and p. o., Eacine co.. Wine. : 63 m. E. S. E. 
Madison. Drained by branches of Fox r. Surface undu- 
lating. Contains several large ponds, and has a good soil. 
Pop. S70. 

Norway, t. and p. v., Herkimer co., N. Y. : 76 m. N. W. 
Albany. Surface of f. hilly ; s(»il sandy loam, and adapted 
to grass. Drained by branches of West Canarla cr. The v. 
contains churches and stores. Pop. of 1. 1,053. 

Norwegian, t., Schuylkill county, P<tnn. : 46 miles N. E. 
HarrislHirg. Drained by Schuylkill r. and its branches. Sur- 
face hilly and mounUuuous. It is an important centre of 



NOR 



NOB 



the Schuylkill coal mining region, and the present tor nmns 
of the I'hila.lelphia uM Ueading K. F.., 93 m. from the for- 
mer ana several railroads .livcrgc from TottsvUle to the 
Shboring n-ines in East Norwegian, Frailo 1 me Grovc^ 
Trcmont, North Castle. SehuylkiU, etc., to«n.h,ps, and to 
SuZrv and Danville on the Susqnehanna. The eap.ud 
~; in the coal mines in 1850 was *(U1,14 , a,.d he 
^alue of the an,.«al product, of the mlttes was « '"-"^^ ;' 
SI 50 'So The l).daware Coal Company's capital is $500,000. 
InLt Norwegian township the capital ■-"'^^ '" ";>';;^ 
was $150,000, and the value of the annual P™""^'^ f "Z?"^ 
There are several furnaces and numerous saw-m lis ,n the 
town and stores of every description. Population of 

^Zt^^Tp. cit., -0 semi-cap. ^ew London co 
Con,,. : on Than.e, r., at head of nav,ga.«n ; 8S -^- ^'f; 
•u—tr/,,,! i7ni F N E. New Haven. Lat. N. 41" <5-S io"=- 
^C ' TUe ;urra:eof t. is.neven and hilly ; soil fer- 
^; well watered. The t. contains, besides the e.ty,three v 
Norwich Town. Norwich Falls, and Greenville. The cty is 
situated at the Junction of Qulnnebaug and Yantic rivers, on 
a tep declivity, and presents a very beautiful -^ r"™-'- 
innearance It contains a court-house, jail, town hall, S 
r cTes ie. There are 4 banks, with cap. of $,,9S7,T2o 
.nd 3 large insurance cotnpanies. Two newspapers are 
pubUshed, •'». Courier- (whig), tri-weekly and w-eeklv ; 
and "N. Aurora" (dem.), weekly. Three railroads pass 
toou-h the city ; from New London, 13 m. ; from WorcesU r, 
B9 m • from Williman.ic, 5T m. A line of steamboats plies 
dai" rom Allyn's point to New York. Both Qumnebaug 
a^d Yantic rivers an^ord very great water-power, which i 
improved by numerous manufactories «[ P"P". P"":;"' =;";^ 
woolen goois. hardware, pottery, etc. The \ antic Fa Is are 
rpicturesque cataract, and invested with "j^-- - -^ ' 
Pop. in 1S30, of city, 3,144 ; t. inc. city 5,li9 ; in 1S40, city, 
4,200 ; of t inc. city, T,239 ; in 1S50, t. inc. eitj- 10,2to. 

Nouwicu, U and p. o., Hampshire co., M„xs.: 91 m. 
•Whys Boston, surface mountainous. Drained by Wcsl- 
fleld r., which affords water-power. The Western P.. 1.. 
touches the S. W. cor. at Chester Village, 119 miles from 
Boston, 81 m. from Albany. Pop. T56. „ v . „n 

Nonw.cH, t, p. v.. and cap. Chenango CO., JK T.: on 
Chenango r., 95 m. W. by S. Albany. Surface of t diversi- 
fied; Bofl is generally good for grazing Th-= <laU, on the 
Bides of the r. are very fertile, and highly cultivated. The 
vis handsomely situated on the W. bank of the r., contains 
tie court-house and jail, sever.il churches, mills, and facto- 
ries and 1 bank, cap. $120,000. The Chenango Canal 
nLses through the v. Two newspapers are issued weekly 
"Chenango Telegraph" (whig), " Chenango Umon" (dc^.) 

PoT). of t 3,G15. ... /.o „ T? 

louwicn, p. v.. Muskingtim county, OUo: 63 m. E. 
Columbus, on the National Eoad. Pop. 824. 

NoHWir ., t. and p. v., M'Kean county, Penn.: 124 nv 
N W Htirrisburg. Brained by Potato cr., on the E. side of 
which is the v., containing several stores. 

NoEVvi™, t., p. v., and sta., Windsor eo., Vei-m on W. 
side Conne;ti;ut r.,'4.3 m. S. S. E. Montpelier. The C.n- 
necticut and Passumpsie P.ivers P.. E. passes through the v. 
Tm above White Kiver Junction. The Norwich Un.xr- 
sUy, est^-iblisiied here in 1S34, has 6 instructors. CO students, 
100 alumni, and a library of 1,T00 vols. Pop of 1. 1,0,«. 

NoBWtcH Fau-s, sta., New London Co., Conn. ; on New 
London, Will, and Palmer K. E., 1 m. from Norwich 

NOBWIOI. Town, p. v. and sta.. New London co., Conn. 

U^rN c,y of Nonvich. Has several large factories and 

2 churches. The New London, Willimantic, and Palmer 

E. K. passes through the place. . „„ ,„ w s W. 

Norwood, p. v., Staiiley eo., JV. Car.: 96 m. W. !5. w. 

^NotooD, p. 0., Bedford eo., Vira.: W, m. W. by S. 

^nC^ow^, p. y. and sta., Macon county, Ala.: 41 m. 



E. N. E. Montgomery. The Montgomery and West Point 
E. K. passes through this village. 
»; ,i,.,.r Vh-J, ■ the sources of tins large 

NoTiPECAGo river, Jlicn. ■ mc >ui^ ,,i,„„,inn 

stream unite in Lake co., and flowing m W. direction 
through Mason Co., it empties inU, Marquette lake. 

NoTRF. Dame, p. v., St. Joseph CO., Jmi. : i m. N. Soulh 
Bend 130 m.N.by W. Indianapolis. H"e is -eah,d the 
rniversits of Notre Dame du Lac, establushed in 18KJ. 
w"n associated on an extensive farm, a novitiate for the 
priests and a manual labor school for boys. . g. „ ' 

NOTWWAV, t. and p. v., St. Joseph's co., Mtch.. 63 m. 
S W Lansink Surface of t undulating ; soil very fertile. 
Drained by St. Joseph and Prairie rivers. Top l,16o^ 

NornsGnA.M, p.v„ Prince George's eo., Ud.. on W. side 
of Patuvent r., 20 m. 3. S. W. Annapolis. 

No^," "iiAi, p. o.. Wells CO., Ind. : on S. side of Wabash 
r., SO m. N. E. Indianapolis. 

No-msGn.^-M, t. and p. 0., Harrison county mw. 95 m. 
E. by N. Columbus. Drained by branch of Tuscarawas r. 

^No^t'oHAM. t. and p. o., Eockingham co., N. Bamp. : 
"1 m E S. E. Concord. Pop. 1,2GS. 
NottLngham, P.O., Davis co., la. : T7 m. S. W. by S. Iowa 

'^NoTnNGHAx.Ttmsp.KE, p. o., Eockingham co., KUamp.: 

21 m. E. by S. Concord. .^ q tit 

n" TT..A, p. 0., Cherokee co., ^r. Car. : 320 m. W. S. W. 

""'noI^owat county, Virf,. Situate 8. E. centrally, and 
contains 264 sq. m. Drained by Nottoway nver and its 
branches, and tributaries of the Appomatox river binface 
an evtended plain : soil fertile, and very productive C icf 
artUMes of production, Indian corn, tobacco, and c„t«n 
Farms 342 ' niauuf. IT ; dwelt. 492, and pop. «l'-2.2.>; ft-. 
11 186,sl. 6,050-total 8,4ST. Capital: Nottoway CI. / .'^- 
°^ l.l*s: Eichmond and Danville E. E.t SouthSide K. R^ 
NorrowAV. p. v., and cap. Nottoway county, nn>.: on 
Nottoway r., 44 m. S. W. Eichmond. ^ 

"^NorowAV river, Vuv. and K Car.: rises ,n Pnnce 
Edward CO., flows mainly in S. E. du-celion, through S. W. 
p^^aon of Virg., and passing into N. Cur., unites with 
Meherrinr, in Gates CO., forming Chowan nver^ 

Novi, I. and p. v., Oakland co., Mich. : 61 m. E_S. E 
Lnnsin.;. Surface of t. is rolling, and iswell timbered tsoU 
good Drained by the W. branch of the Eouge r and ts 
freeks. The v. is on the E. side of r., 2 m. S. of Walled 
lake. Pop. of t. 1.428. c. ... w V 

NoXACATEE, p. o., Wiustou couuty, Mm.: S4 m. N. E. 

"'"uEE county. Miss. Situate E., and contains 678 sq. 
m Drained by tributaries of W. fork of Tombigbee nver. 
"urf^e moderately even; soil fertile Chief produe, on., 
entlon and Indian corn. Farms 61C; manuf 31 dwell. 
Ss and pop.-wh. 4.976, fr. col. 0, si. ll,S23-total 16,299. 
,Li: Macon. PMic Wor.s: Mobile and Ohio E. E. 
N0VESVI1.LE, p. v., Cook CO., Ill : on the Des Plaincs r., 
167 m N E by N.Springfield. Galena and Chicago Union 
E. E. passes through the village, 10 m. W. Chicago. 

NnBBiN EibGE, P.O., Hardeman county, Knn.: 140 m. 

S. W. Nashville. , „„. 

NCECKS county. Tex. Situate S., and contains about 6,-00 

so m. Drained by branches of the Eio Nueces, which 

foruB its N an.l N. W. boundaries, and by the rivers Ag la 

Te, San Feriiandes, and Trinidad, which fall nto the 

'si .the S. E. portion of the county. Surface undulating, 

;me parta slighUy elevated ; soil on the «-n.s very er- 

lile consisting of a deep mold, intermixed with sand, .and 

f orXr-^tton and corn, but in general is best adapted 

or pasturage, A portion of the county ^.P--;"; ■""'/ 

small part is thickly wooded. Salt Lagoon .s situa e S. E 

and Lagunadel Madre forms the eastern boutjd a r>. The 

Ncuces is the principal river, and U navigable lor small 

hoTt f or about 100 m les from its mouth. Farms 8 ; manut 



NUE 



OAK 



2; dvell. 151. and'pop.— wh. 650, fr. col. 1, si. 47— lotal 695. 
Caj'it<tl: Corpus Cliristi. 

Nueces river, Tex. Its remotest source is in the mount- 
ains of J3exar co., and with its tributaries ciruins an extens- 
ive surface of country. Its general course N 9. K., being: 
about 3011 m. long in its windingSj and 226 m. from its source 
to its month, where it empties into Nueces bay. Its prin- 
cipal triljutary is toe I^io Frio. The Nueces r. is navigable 
for lOti m., but is much encumbered by sand-bars in its upper 
portions. 

NrLiiRGAN river, Essex co., Verm.: formed from two 
branches, unitinsrin Bloomfield, forming a rapid stream, and 
enters Connecticut r. above Brunswick. 

NuLLis Mills, p. o., Fayette co., Iiut: 73 m. E. by S. 
Indianapolis. 

NcMA, p. o., Parke CO., Did.: on E. side of Wabash r.,on 
the canal. 62 ra. AV. by S. Indianapolis. 

NuMnnc 1, p. o., Wayne co., Ohio : 55 m. N. E. Columbus. 

NrMBEi: 2, p. c, Marion county, Flor.: 176 m. S. E. 
Tallahassee. 

Number 3, p, c, Aroostook county. Me. : 131 m. N. N. E. 
Augusta. 

NcNDA, t, p. v., and sta., Livingston co., J^'. Y. ; 221 m. 
W. Albany. Drained by branches of Genesee r. Surface 
utidulatlng; soil good for wheat. The v. is on Cashagua 
cr., and is a station of the Buffalo and New Tork City II. K., 
62 m. from Buffalo. Besides several churches, and a 
flourishing academy, it has some factories. The "Nunda 
Telegraph" (whig) is published weekly. Pop. of I. 3,12S. 

NuTBusir, p. o., Warren co., 2^. Car.: on Nulbush cr., 
60 ra. N. Raleigh. 

Ntack. p. v., Eockland co., JV". K .* on W. bank of Hud- 
son r., 113 ra. S. Albany. A flourishing v., containing several 
churches, etc., ami having regular communication with New 
York. Two newspapers are issued weekly — "Kockhind 
County Journal," and "Kockland Messenger." Pop. about 
1,000. 

Ntack Turnpike, p. o., Eockland co., Ni V. : 102 m. 
S. by W. Albany. 



O. 



OAE.p. o., Williams co., 07iio: \^2 m. N. W. Columbus. 
Oak creek, Otsego co,, A\ Y, ; the outlet of Schuyler's 
lake, which flows S. through the town of Otsego, and emp- 
ties into the Susquehanna r. 

Oakachickama. p. 0., Yallabusha county, Jfiss. : lOS m. 
N. N. E. Jackson. 

0.4K Bluffs, p. o., Greene co., A/'l: : near a branch of 
St. Francis r., 144 ra. N. E. Little Kock. 

Oak Boweky, p. c, Chambers co., A!a. : 51 m. N. E. by E. 
Montgomery. 

Oak Ceerk, p. v ., Milwaukie co., Wise. : on a cr. of Lake 
Michigan, 7S m. E. by S. Madison. 

Oakdale. p. v., and cap. Shelby co., 3fo. : §3 m. N. by E. 
Jefferson City. The court-house is situate here. 

Oakpale, p. v.. Worcester co., .3/a*?..- on the Nashua r. 
and Worcester and Nashua E. E., 25 m. Worcester, and 
39 ra. W. Boston, 
Oakokld, p. o., Genesee co., N. Y. : 232 m. W. Albany. 
Oakiield, p. v., Fond du Lac co., Wise. : 62 m. N. E. 
Madison. 

OAKnELD, p. o.. Perry county, O?iio: 42 m. E. S. E. 
Columbus. 

Oak FIELD, t. and p. o.. Kent county, 3ftc?i. : 61 m. N. W. 
Lansing, and 3fl m. E. Grand Haven. Drained by Flat r. 
and its Irilmtaries. Surface rolling; soil deep vegetable 
loam. It abounds in forests of heavy pine timber. Pop. 404. 
Oaktield, p. v., Franklin co., Mb. : 119 m. E. Jefferson 
City. 

Oak Flat, p. v., Pendleton co., Virg. : on a branch of 
the Potomac r., and at the foot of the Shenandoah Mount- 
^ 123 m. N. W. Richmond. 



Oak Forest, p. o., Wayne co., Ky.: S5 ni., S. Frankfort. 
Oak Forest, p. o., Iredell county, N. Car.: 121 m. W. 
Ealeigh. 

Oak Forfst, p. v., Franklin co., Ind. : near Oak creek, 
59 m. E. S. E. Indianapolis. 

Oak Fokest, p. o., Cumberland county, Yirg.: 35 m. W. 
Richmond. 

O.vuFisicT, p. v.. Eandolph co.. Aht.: on the E. side of 
the Tallapoosa r., 75 m. N. by E. Montgomery. 

Oak Gkove, p. o., Montgomery county, Aln,: 15 m. 3 
Montgomery. 

Oiii Grove, p. o., Hempstead co., Ark. : 101 m. S. S. W. 
Litlle Eock. 

Oak Grove, p. o.. Christian county, Ky. : 172 m. S. W. 
Frankfort. The Nashville and Henderson E. E. passes 
near the location. 

Oak GnovE, p. v., Washington par., La. : situate between 
M'Gee an- 1 Big Silver creeks, in N. part of par., 63 m. N. E. 
Eatim Kouge. 

Oak Gkove, p. o., Livingston county, Mich.: 33 m. S. E. 
Lansing. 

Oak Grove, p. o., Chickasaw co.. Miss. : 123 m. N. E. 
Jackson. 

Oak Gkove, p. o., Titus co., Tea:. : 257 m. N. E. Austia 
City. 

Oak Geove, p. v., Jackson co., Mo.: 112 m. W. by N. 
Jefferson City. 

Oak Grove, p. o., Jefferson county, Tenn.: 193 m. E. 
Nasliville. 

Oak Grove, p. o., Westmoreland co., Virg. : 49 m. N. E. 
Richmond. 
Oak Grove, p. o., Linn co., la.: 23 m. N. Iowa City. 
Oak Grove, p. o.. Dodge co., Wise, : 52 m. N. Madison. 
Oak Gkove Furn-ace. p. o., Perr>' co., Perm.: in the 
village of Landisburg, 23 m. W. by N. Ilarrisburg. A coal 
blast furnace, with an annual capacity of 1,100 tons, is situ- 
ate here. 

Oakham, t. and p. v., Worcester co., Mass.: 53 m. W. 
Boston. Drained chiefly by Ware r., which bounds it on 
the N., and also by several small rivulets jiassing through it 
Surface rolling; soil good, affording excellent pasturi^e for 
cattle. Pop. 1,137. 

Oakhill, p. v.. Newton co.. Ga. : near one of the forks 
of Oomulgee r., 59 m. N. W. Milledgeville. 

Oak ITill, p. o., Franklin county, Ala.: 185 m. S. B. E. 
Monigomery. 

Oak Hill, p. o., Hardin coimty, Ki/. : about 67 m. S. W. 
Frankf<'rt. 

Oak Hill, p. o. and sta., Cumberland cn.^Me.: on the 
line of the Kennebec and Portland E. E., 23 m. from Port- 
land and 30 m. S. i W. Augusta. 

Oak Hill. p. v., Lake co., III. : near Lake Michigan, 
195 m. N. E. Springfield. 

Oak Hill, p. v., Jefferson co., Wisc. : 40 m. W. by S. 
Madison. 

Oak Hill, p. c, Greene co., xV. Y.: on the line of the 
Hudson River R. R., 110 m. from New Tork City. 82 m. 
S. W. Albany. 

Oak IUll, p. o., Granville co., K Car.: about 48 jn. N. 
Raleigh. 

Oak Hill, p. v., Jackson co., Ohio: on the lino of the 
Scioto an«l H<jcking Valley R. R., 77 m. S. S. E. Columbus. 
There are several furnaces within a short distance of the 
village. 

Oak Hill. p. v., Lancaster co., Penn.: 53 m. W. by 9. 
Philadelphia an'l 53 m. S. E. Harrisburg. There are situate 
here 2 charcoal forges, yielding annually 400 tons bloom 
iron and 250 tons bars, and a rolling-mill producing 400-lons 
aniHially. » 

Oak Hill, p. o.. Overton county, Teim. : 85 m. E. by N. 
Nashville. 

Oak Hill, p. v., Fauquier co., Yirg. ; on the Manassas 
Gap E. R., 93 m. N. by W. Richmond. 

6U 



OAK 



OAK 



Oak IIill, p. o., Punola county, Miss. : 133 iru N. 
Jackson. 

Oakulnd county, Jifich. Situate S. E. of the 8. penin- 
sula, and contains 896 sq. m. Drained Ijy Clinton r. and its 
affluents, and branches of Flint, Rouge, Shiawassee and 
Qurun rivers. Surface undulating and diversified with nu- 
merous small lakes; soil fertile, and yields good crops of 
TVheat, Indian corn, and potatoes. Farms 3,446; manuf. 
146; dwell. 5,699, and pop.— wh. 31,2U7, (t. col. 63— total 
81,270. Capital: Pontiac. Puhlic Works: Detroit and 
Pontiac K. R. 

OiKLA.'iD, p. o., SL Francis cc, Ark. : 70 m. "W. N. W. 
Little Rook. 

Oakla^-d, p. v., Coles county, Jll.: on a branch of the 
Embarras r., S5 m. E. SpringQeld. 

Oakland, p. v.. Christian co., Ky.: 175 m. 8. W. Frank- 
fort. Situati.* directly on the boundary line between Chris- 
tian and Caldwell counties. 

Oakland, t and p. o., Oakland co., Mich.: 51 ra. E. 
Lansing and 25 m. N. Detroit. Drained by Paint cr. and a 
branch of Stony cr. Surface hilly ; soil of great variety — 
in some parts marshy. Pop. of t. 978. 

Oakland, p. o., Tallnbusha co., Mi^s. : 131 m. N. by E. 
Jackson. 

Oakland, p. v., Laclede co., Mo. : on the Osage Fork of 
the Gasconade r., 64 m. S. by "SV. Jefferson City. 

Oakland, p. o., Chatham county, iV. Car,: 86 m. W. 
Ealcigh. 

Oakl^vnd, sta., Alleghany co., Md. : on the Baltimore and 
0;iio R. R., 233 m. W. Baltimore. 

Oakland, p. o., Spencer county, Jiul.: 119 m. S. S. W. 
Indianapolis. 

Oakland, sta., Marion county, Tnd. : on the Indianapolis 
and Bellefoutaiue R. R., 14 m. N. E. Indianapolis. 

Oakland, p. c, Lavacca count)-, Tex. : 77 m. 8. E. Austin 
City. 

Oakland, p. o., Livingstou co., K. Y. : 20S m. "W. by S. 
Albany. 

Oakland, p. o., Clinton county, Ohio: 57 m. 8. W. 
Columbus. 

Oakland, v., Fairfield co., Ohio : 31 m. S. E. Columbus, 
Pop. 133. 

Oakland, p. o., Armstrong co., Penti. : 145 m, W. N. W. 
Harrisburg. 

Oakland, sta., Chester co., Penn. : on tho Columbia and 
Philadelphia R. B., 80 m. from Philadelphia. 

Oakland, p. o., Edgefield disL, S. Car. : 49 m. W. 8. W. 
Columbia. 

Oakland, p. o., Fayette county, Tenn. : 155 m. 8. W. 
Nashville. 

Oakland, p. v., Morgan co., Virg.: 143 m. N. by W. 
Richmond. 

Oakland, p. v., Jefferson county. Wise. : 23 m. S. W. 
Madison. 

Oakland, p. o., Lauderdale county, Ala. : 175 m. N. W. 
Montgomerj'. 

Oakland, p. v., Tuolumne co., Calif. : on the N. side of 
the river De los Merced, branch of San Joaquin r., 115 m. 
8. E. Vallejo. 

Oakland College, p. v., Claiborne county, dfiftfi. : 60 m. 
"W. S. "W. Jackson. The college was founded in 1S30, and 
in 1850 had professors, 114 alumni, S4 students, and a 
library of 9,000 volumes. 

Oakland Grove, p. v., Prairie co,, ArJc.: on a fork of 
Cypress Bayou of White r., '2A m. N. E. Little Rock. 

Oakland Mills, p. o., Juniata co., Penn. : 35 m. W. N. W. 
Barrisburg. 

-Oak Lawn, p. c, Baker county, Ga. : 135 m. S. 8. W. 
Milled geville. 

Oak Lawn, p. o., Cabarraa co., N> Car. : 97 m. 8. 8. W. 
Raleigh. 

Oak Level, p. c, Benton county, Ala. : 103 m. N. by E. 
Montgomery. 
612 



Oak Level, p. c, Henry county, Vlrg. : 181 m. 3. 'W. 
Richmond. 

Oaklev, p. o., Overton county, Tenn.: S5 m. E. byN. 
Nashville. 

Oakley, p. o., Macon co., III. : 35 m. E. Springfield. 

Oakley, p. v., Mechleoburg co., Virg. : on a branch of 
Dan r., 59 m. S. W. Richmond. 

Oakley, p. o., Lewis co., Mo. : 106 m. N. by E, Jefferson 
City. 

Oakley, p. o., Franklin parish, La, : 119 m. N. by "W. 
Baton Rouge. 

Oakmulgee, p. o., Bedford county, Vlrg, : on line of the 
Virginia and Tennessee R. R., 29 m. W. of Lynchburg, 
97 m. W. by S. Riclnnond. 

Oakouay, p. o., Covington co.. Miss. : 52 m. 8. E. Jackson. 

Oak Obchakd, p. v., Orleans co., N. T. : 243 m, W. by N. 
Albany. 

Oak Plains, p. o., Livingston co., Mich. ; 32 m. S. E. 
Lansing. 

Oak PotNT, p. o., St. Lawrence county, N. T. : 157 m. 
N. by W. Albany. 

Oak Point, p. o., Clatsop co., Oreg. Ter.: on the 8. sido 
of Columbia r., 80 m. N. Salem. It occupies a site imme- 
diately opposite the E. end of Gull Island. 

Oak Point, p. o., Van Buren co., la. : 63 m. 8. by W. 
Iowa City. 

Oak Ridge, p. c, Hancock co., Ohio: 72 m. N. N. W. 
Columbus. 

Oak Rldge, p. o., Greene co., Ark. : on a branch of Eel 
river, 114 m. N. E. Little Rock. 

Oak llroGE, p. o., Graves county, Ky.: 227 m. 8. W, 
Frankfort. 

Oak Ridge, p. c, Meriwether county, Oa. : 65 m. W. 
Milled gevi lie. 

Oak Ridge, p. o., Guilford CO., K. Car. : 75 m. W. N. W. 
Raleigh. 

Oak's Cohners, p. v., Ontario co., K. Y. : 173 m."W. by N. 
Albany. 

Oak Shade, p. o., Culpepper co., Virg. : 63 m. N. by W, 
Richmond. 

Oak Spring, p. o., Ballard county, Ky. : 241 m. 8. W. 
Frankfort. 

Oak Spring, p. v., Davis Co., la. : on S. side of Soap cr., 
75 ra. 8. W. Iowa City. 

Oak's Snop, p. o., Pittsylvania Co., Virg. : 115 m. 8. W. 
Richmond. 

Oaksville, p. y., Otsego co., N. Y. : on a branch of the 
Susquehanna r., 67 m. W. Albany. 

()aktiubeua, p. o., Kemper co., Miss. : 95 m. E. N. E. 
Jackson. 

Oaktille, p. 0., Union co.. Ark. : 107 m. S. by W. Little 
Rock. 

Oakville, p. v., Lawrence county, Ala. : 145 m. N. W. 
Montgomery. 

Oakville, p. o., Madison county, Tenn. : 121 m. 8. W. 
Nashville. 

Oaktille, p. o., St Mary's co., Md. : 41 m. S. Annapolis. 

Oaktille, p. v., Monroe co., Mich. : 70 m. S. E. Lansing. 

Oaktille, p. v., SL Louis co.. Mo. : near the W. side of 
the Mississippi, 157 m. E. Jefferson City, and IS m. S. by "W. 
St. Louis City. 

Oaktille, p. o., Union county, N. Car, : 313 m. 8. W. 
Raleigh, 

Oaktille, p. o., Cumberland county, Penn.: "W. from- 
Harrison. 

Oakville, p. v., Lc-xington dist., >S1 Car.: 13 m. N. W. 
Columbia. 

Oakville, p. o., Appomattox co., Virg, : about 65 m. W. 
Richmond. 

Oakwoods, p. 0., Fleming county, Ky. : 71 m. E. by N. 
Frankfort. 

Oak Woods, p. o., Grant county, Ind. : 57 m. N. E. 
Indianapolis. 



OAS 

OASIS, p. o., Marquette co., Wise, : 52 m. N. Madison. 

OATLiNDS, p. o., Loudon co., Virff. : 103 m. N. Eichmnnd. 

O'Eannons. 6ta., JefftTson county, Ky. : on the Lonis\ine 
and Prankfort K. K., 15 m. E. Louisville, and 14 m. W. 
Frankfort, 

Oberlin, p. v., Lorain co., Ohio : on the E. side of "W. 
branch of Black r., where it i* crossed by tlie ToUdn, Nnr- 
walk, and Cleveland R. R., 09 ni. N. N. E. Columbus. It 
is the seal of Oberlin College, to the benefils of which both 
male and female students are admitted— manual labor 
forming part of the instruction. It is tinder Cong:regalional 
influence; was founded in 1*?4, and in 1S5I), had a presi- 
dent, 12 instructors, 199 alumni (of whom 130 are in the 
ministry), and 6G students. There is a library attached to 
the college containing 4,'2ii0 volumes. Its theological de- 
partment lias S professors, 20 students, and 124 alumni, 
with a library containing 250 volumes. The " Oberlin 
Evangelist" (relig.), a semi-monthly paper, is published 
here. 

Obion county, Tm^u Situate N. "W., and contains 1,012 
eq. m. Drained by Redfoot and Obion rivers, tributaries of 
the Mississijipi r., which forms its western boundary. Sur- 
face level, and on the Mississippi low and subject to sub- 
mersion ; soil fertile and adapted to cotton and tobacco. It 
has some limber land and g(K)d pasturage for cattle. Farms 
658; manuf. 6; dwell. 1,131, and pop.— wh. 6,572, fr. col. 
4, si. 1,057— total 7,633. Capital: Troy. PuhMc Work^ : 
Mobile and Ohio R. R, ; Nashville and Mississippi R. R. 

Obion, p. o., Hickman co., A'//. ; 253 m. S. W. Frankfort. 

Obion river, Tenn. : the principal head branches rise in 
Henry and Carroll counties, and pursuing a W. and S. W. 
course flow into the Mississippi at Hales Point. Obion, 
Weakly, Henry, Carroll, Gibson, and Dyer counties are 
well drained by this river and its tributaries. 

O'Brien county, la. Situate N. W., and contains 576 
eq. m. Drained by branches of Little Sioux r. Surface 
rolling, a large portion being prairie ; soil fertile, and is wt-U 
adapted to wheat, com, fruit, etc. ; valuable timbers line the 
streams. Capital: Ainsley. 

OccoQUAM, p. v., Prince "Winiam co., Tir^. : on W. side 
of the Occoquam r., T5 m. N. Richmond. 

OccoQUAM river, Virff. : the most important tributary of 
the Potomac, rises in Fauquier and Prince William counties, 
flows S. E., separating Fairfax and Prince William counties, 
and empties into the Potomac. The tide flows up 7 m. to 
the town of the same name, above which the river descends 
72 feet in the distance of a mile and a half, and to which 
small sea vessels ascend. 

OccTTPAciA, p. c, Essex county, Virg. : 87 miles N. E. 
Eiehmond. 

Ocean county, IT. Jer. Situate E. toward the S.. and 
contains 455 sq. m. Drained by Tom's r. and Cedar, Man- 
ahoeking. and Westecunck creeks. Surface level ; soil in 
parts fertile, and consisting chiefly of sand with elay inter- 
mixed. There is good pasturage for cattle. Farms 379 ; ■ 
manuf. 52; dwell. 1,753, and pop.— wh. 9,SS3, fr. col. 149— 
total 10,032. Capital : Tom's River Village. 

OcKAN. t. and p. o., Monmouth co., N. Jer. : running par- 
allel with the Atlantic Ocean, 86, m. E.Trenton. Drained 
by Whale Pond cr., Corlies or Great Pond cr., and other 
small streams emptying into the ocean. Surface in the W. 
hilly, otherwise level ; soil loam, sand, and elay. In the 
N. E., on a promontory extending several miles, is Sandy 
Hook, on which is a revolving light and two beacons. The 
t is well supplied with water privileges, and contains sev- 
eral mills and manufactories. Set off from Shrewsbury in 
1S49. Pop. 3.767. 

Oceana county. Mich. Situate N. W. of the S. peninsula, 
and contains 763 sq. m. Drained by White and Maj^kegon 
rivers, the former of which Inverses its central part Sur- 
face slightly undulating: soil f.-rtile and productive. Farms 

;■ manuf. 2 ; dwell. 5S, and pop.— wh. 232, Tr. col. 19— 

total 801. Capital: 



OGD 

Ocean Pop.t, p. o., Monmouth co., JV". Jer..* 30 m. E. 
Trenton. 

OcROLA county, la. Situate N. W., and contains 432 
sq. m. Drained by head branches nf Little Sioux r. Sur- 
face undnl.iting, and diversified with lakes. Much of the 
land is prairie, and a portion of it is well wooded. Laid off 
since ls5ii. 

OcEoi.A, p. 0., Cherokee county, Ala.: 133 m. N. by E. 
Montgomery. 

OcEoLA. p. v., and cap. Mississippi co., ArTc. : on the Mis- 
si89iy>pi r., S7 m. above Memphis. Ti^un., 157 m. E. N. E. 
Little Rock, at the head of Plimih Point Bam^ the most 
difficult and dangerous part of the Mississippi r. Many 
steamboats have been sunk hero, and portions of them may 
be seen at low water. It contains the court-house, etc. 

OcEOLA, p. v., Crawford co., Ohio : on Broken Sword cr. 
of Sandusky r., 61 m. N. by W. Columbus. 

OcEOLA Centre, p. o., Livingston county, Mich. : 35 m. 
E. by S. Lansing. 

OcuESEE, p. v.. Calhoun co., Flor.: on W. bank of Ap- 
palachieola r.. and on the Appalachicola post-road, 38 m. 
W. by N. Tallahassee. 

OcKi,ocKONT, p. o., Thomas co., Ga.: 181 m. S. by W. 
Milledgeville. 

OcMLTLGBE, p. o., Pcrry county, Ala.: 43 m. W. by N. 
Montgomery. 

OcMTLGEE river, Ga. : rises in the hilly region S. of the 
Chattahoochee in De Kalb and Gwinnett counties, flowing 
250 m. in a S. and E. direction, is joined by the Oconee r. 
on the S. border of Montgomery' co., where they form the 
Alalaniaha, which empties into the sound so called of the 
Atlantic Ocean. The river is navigable for small steam- 
boats as far up as Macon. Bibb eo. It has several branches, 
which afford excellent water-power to several counties ia 
its course. 

OcMrLGEEVTLLE, p. 0., Tclfair CO., Ga.: 79 m. S. by E. 
Milledgeville. 

OcoA. p. o., Polk CO., Tenn. : 137 m. S. E. Nashville, 

OcoLA, p. v., and cap. Marion county, Flor. : on the St. 
Augustin and Tall.'diassee post-road, 157 m. S. E. Tallahas- 
see. Situate about 5 m. N. from Fort King. It is the seat 
of the county court-house. The " Ocola Argus" (whig) is 
published weekly. 

OeoNA LuFTT, p. o., Haywood co., N. Car. : situate in th« 
W. part of the county, 2G3 m. W. S. W. Raleigh. 

Oconee, p. v., Washington co., Ga. : on the E. side of 
Oconee r., and on the line of the Central (Georgia) R. E., 
147 m. N. W. Savannah, and 23 m. S. E. MilUdgeville. 

Oconee river, Ga. : rises in the hilly region near the 
Chattahoochee r. in Hall co., running a S. by E. course 200 
m. ; connects with the Ocmulgce, and forms the Alataraaha 
r.. which flows into the Atlantic Ocean. Appalaehle river 
and Indian creek are its principal Itranches. 

Oconee Station, p. v., Pickens district, S. Car. : 131 m. 
N. W. Columbia. 

OcoNoMowocK, t. and p. v., Waukesha co., Wise. : 4S m. 
E. Madison. Drained by branches of Rock r., which pa98 
through the N. and S. of it, afl'ording excellent water-power. 
Throe lakes form the S. boundary. There is some good 
timber land in the town. The v., which is small, is in the 
S. part, on a branch of Rock river. Pop. of 1 1,218. 

OcBAcoKE, p. v., Hyde co , A' Car. : on the island near 
Ocracoke inlet, and about 25 m. S. by W. Cape Hatteras, 
153 m. E. by S. Raleigh. 

OcTAP.AnA, p. o., Lancaster co., Penn.: near a creek by 
same name. 53 m. K. S. E. Harrisburg. 

Oknca, p. o., Jefferson co., Wise. : 29 m. W. Madison. 

0GA1.I.A, p. o., Cliippewa co,,W7.9c. ; 162 m. N.W. Madison. 

OoPF.N, p. v., Henry co., /»(?.; on the Indiana Central 

R. R. 31 m. E. by N. Indianapolis. 

.OnnKN. t. and p. o,. Monroe co., y. Y.: 221 m. W. by N. 

Albany, and 13 m. Rochester. Surface level ; soil gravelly 

loam. Drained by Salmon cr. The Eochester, Lockport, 

613 



OGB 



OHT 



and Niagara Falls R. E., and Erie Canal pass through, on 
the latter of which Adam's Basin is siluated. Tlicre are in 
the t, several ston-s and mills, a furnace, aud a number of 
other industriul establishments. Pop, 2,59S. 

Ogdes, p. v., New Madrid co., iVo. ; between Lake St. 
John's and St. Mary, 18S m. S. E. Jefferson Cify. 

OoDEN City, p. v., "Weber co., Utah Ter.: on N. side of 
"Weber r., 157 m. N. FiUmore City. 

OGDENsnrp.o, p. V. and port of entry, St Lawrence co., 
J^. Y.: on the right bank of St. Lawrence r., at the mouth 
of Oswegalchie r., 161 m. N. "SV. Albany. The Northern 
E. K. has its western terminus at this place, and steamers 
ply hence daily for the river and hike ports, making it a 
dep6t of great importance. Prescott, a large town, lies on 
the opposite side of the river, here \\ m. broad, and is con- 
nected by a steam ferry. The v. contains immense depots, 
and other warehouses, stores of every description, 3 banks, 
foundries, machine shops, and other industrial establish- 
ments, schools, and churches, and, on the whole, is one of 
the most progressive villages of the State. The manufac- 
tures of this place find an immense water-power on the 
Oswegatchie, on which there are falls. It is at the lower 
termination of sloop navigation, but steamboats go to the 
rapids, 40 m. below, and thence pass by Ogdensburg to the 
various places on Lake Ontario. Pop. about 6,000. The v. 
is connected with Boston and New York by railroad — dis- 
tance to Boston 403 m., and to New York City 4S2 miles. 
Ogdensburg has 4 newspapers, the St. Lawrence Repub- 
lican" (dcm.), the " 0. Sentinel" (whig), the " O. Forum" 
(whig), an<i the "Northern New Yorker" (neut.), all pub- 
lished weekly. The shipping owned here in 1S50 amouiited 
to 1.9S5 tons, all navigated by steam. The foreign arrivals, 
in the district of which Ogdensburg is the port of entry, in 
1850, were 330 vessels, and 196,915 tons, and the departures 
875 vessels, and 189,705 tons. This is exclusive of the vast 
amount of shipping engaged in the domestic coasting trade, 
and is indicative of the extent of its connection with the 
British provinces. The coastwise trade Is valued at $7,000,000 
annually. 

Ogeechee river, Ga. : rises in the E. part of Greene co., 
and flowing in a S. E. direction 200 m., empties into Ossa- 



baw sound of the Atlantic Ocean. Its principal branches 
are Lambert creek, in Jefferson co., Little Ogeechee r., in 
Scriven co., on the E., Williamson's S. "W. cr. and Connou- 
chee r. on the W., forming in ail extensive water-power. It 
is navigable for vessels of 30 tons us far up as Louisville, in 
Jefferson co,, and for sloops 40 m. from its mouth. 

Ogeechee, p. v., Scriven co., Ga. : on N. side of Ogeechee 
r., 60 m. from Savannah, near the Central (Georgia) R. K., 
91 m. S. E. Milledgeville. 

Ogemaw county, Mich, Situate N. E., and contains 576 
sq. m. Drained by Rifle r. and a branch of the Aux Grais. 
Surface generally level; soil a deep, black, vegetable mold. 
Set off since 1S50. 

Ogle county, III. Situate N., and contains 576 sq, na. 
Drained by Rock r. and its tributaries. Surface undulating; 
in parts it is low and marshy, and unfit for cultivation ; soil 
in general fertile, and produces wheat and Indian corn. 
The marshes, when drained, make good grazing land. 
Some portions of the co. are thickly covered with valuable 
timber. Farms 1,053; raanuf. 30; dwell. 1,67S, and pop.— 
wh. 9,990, fr. col. 30— total 10,020. CapiUil: Oregon City. 
Public Works : Central lilinoia R. R. ; Eockford and Eock 
Island R, R,, etc. 

Ogle, p. o., Butler county, Penn,: 165 m. W. N. "W, 
Harrisburg. 

Ogle, p. v., Ogle co., TU. : at the head of Washington cr., 
153 m. N. by E. Springfield. 

Oglethorpe county, Ga. Situate toward the N. E., and 
contains 515 sq. ra. Drained by branches of Broad river, 
which runs on the N. E., aud of Oconee r., which bounds it 
on the S. W. Surface level ; soil varied ; in general very 
fertile. Cotton is the chief production, but fine crops of 
wheat, Indian com, and potatoes are raised. There is some 
good timber on the land. Farms 555; manuf. 13; dwelt 
819, and pop.— wh. 4,382, fr. col. 3, si. 7.874— total 12,259. 
Caplt<tl: Lexington. PuhlicWorkx: Athens Branch R. R. 

Oglethokpe, p. v., Macon co., Ga. : on Fhiit river, 71 m. 
S. W. Milledgeville. The South-western R. R, passes 
through the v., 50 m. from Macon. 

Ogunquit, p. v., York eo., Me. : on N. side of Ogunquit r. 
1 m. from the Atlantic coast, 86 m. S. W. Augusta. 



THE STATE OF OHIO. 

Ohio, the most wealthy and prosperous of the new States, north-west of the Ohio River, is situated between 35° 24' and 
42° latitudes north, aud between 30° 34' and 84° 42' longitudes west. It is a compact mass of land, lying between Penn- 
sylvania and Virginia on the east ; Kentucky on the south, from which it is separated by the Ohio River ; Ind iana on the 
west, and Michigan and Lake Erie ou the north, along which its coast-line extends 257 miles. Its general length is 200 
miles, and its breadth, north and south, about 140 miles, with an area of 39,964 square miles. 

Though the surface is much and delighll'uUy varied, it nowhere presents any considerable elevations above the general 
level; but the country is a lofl-y table-land, which, in its middle zone, is about 1,000, and on the northern and southern 
borders from 600 to 800 feet above the sea level. A sliglitly elevated ridge of highlands divides the waters flowing north 
into Lake Erie from those flowing south into the Ohio. From this there is a rather rapid descent to the level. The lake, 
and the courses of the rivers on the Erie slope, are rapid, and considerably broken by falls. The general slope toward 
the Ohio on the sou?lys interrupted by a subordinate ridge, which crosses the State in tlie latitude of Zanesville and Co- 
lumbus, between wliieb^and the river the surface is very much diversified with hills and valleys. The central belt consists 
of extensive flat tracts, With numerous broad swells rising gently from the plains; and swatnps and morasses occasionally 
occur. The northern or Erie slope also contains extensive morasses. The extent of swamp lands in the State, however, is 
only 303.329 acres, or one- eighteenth part of the whole. Nine-tenths of the surface of the State is susceptible of cultiva- 
tion, and nearly three-fourths of the soil is eminently productive ; even the hills are generally cultivable to thi-'ir summits, 
and covered with a fertile soil, T^e river bottoms are extensive and exuberantly fertile. In the centre and north-west, 
prairies or natural meadows are nuiviorous and extensive, *but the greater part of the country was originally covered with 
miignificcnt forests of gigantic trees, and even at the present day limber is abundant. 

The rivers of Ohio debouch either into the Ohio or into Lake P>ie. The Ohio runs along the southern border for nearly 
600 miles, and the principal rivers falling into it tire the Muskingum, the lloekhocking, the Scioto, the Little Miami, the 
Miami, etc. The Muskin^mn^ which enters the Ohio at Marie4ta, ri.scs in the northern watershed, near tJ»e head waters 
of the Cuyahoga, and drains a beautiful and fertile district. It is about 120 miles in length, and is navigable during a 
gri-'aler part of the year by small steam"boats to Zanesville, 75 miles, and by batteaux to Coshocton, 110 miles, and abovo 
this small boats ascend to within a mile of the Cuyahoga. Sandy River and Wills Creek, on the east, and Walhonding 
or Wbiti>woman"s River, and the Licking, from the west, are its principal tributaries, and are useful mill streams. The 
JTovklMckhig rises on the southern ridge, and reaches the Ohio at Hocking Port, after a course of SO miles through a, hilly 
and picturi'sque country, abounding in yellow pine. It is narrow and deep, and navigable for small boats to Athens. The 
614 



OHIO. 

Hocking Canal ril!i>\vs the course of this river. Tiie ScioUy is a fine navigable slri^ani. entering tlic Ohio at Portsmonth. 
It flows through a wide and ferlilf? vallL-y. nod In the upper part of its course i's snrrounde'l hy rich atid beanliriil prairies. 
Boats have ascendi-d almost to its source, near Bucyrus. and passed by a portasre of 4 miles Into Uie Sandusky aiirl hake 
Erie. Delaware, Columbus, Ciroleville. Ciiillieotlie, and Piketon are the principal places on ils banks. The LWte Miami 
has its rise in the soalhern ridge, and allhouLfh tuo mueli broken by fidls to be useful as a navigable chainiel. it is a fine 
mill stream, furnishing an abundant supply of walir for manufacturing purposes. It enters the Ohio abmit 12 miles above 
Cincinnati. The head waters of the Jfiinni, or Biij Miami, appro.tch very near to those of (he Seioto, ihe Auijlaise, and 
the St. Marj's; its current is rapid, but it is navigable fur some 70 or SO miles. At several poinis — at Sidney, Troy, Day- 
ton, and Hamilton— it furnishes excellent water-power, especially at Dayton, where it has been greatly imi>roved for 
manufacturing purposes. It is 200 yards wide at ils mouth, and enters the Ohio in the south-western corner of the State, 
after a course of 100 miles. Among the northern rivers are the Maumee, Sandusky, Cuyahoga, etc. The 3f(iuviee, or 
Miami of the Lake, whicli has its source in Indiana, is tlie principal ; it is formed by the junction of Litlle St. .Toseph'a, 
St. Mary's, and Great and Little Auglaize rivers. Its length is about 100 miles, and 50 miles from its mouth it is 70 rods 
wide. The navigation is open to scli'wners and steamboats IS miles to Perrysburg, and in spring and fall it Is boalable to 
Fort Wayne, and at all times furnishes extensive water-power. The river bottoms are extensive and fertile, and the banks 
arc high and heavily timbered. It enters Lake Erie through Maumee Bay. The Sajidusl'y is a rapi<I stream, but navi- 
gable during high stages of the water. To Fremont City the navigation is always open. It enters the lake through 
Sandusky Bay, an immense basin, destined to he the scene of a mighty commerce. Sandusky City, on its south-east 
shore, is one of the principal porta of the lake, and the terminus of several lines of railroad, connecting with the interior 
and the shore district. The Cuyahoga rises near Lake Erie, but taking a south-westerly course, it approaches the head 
of the Mnskingum, and thence flows northward into the lake at Cleveland. It is one of the most important ri^'trs of 
Northern Ohio. It is more than 60 miles long, and has numerous falls and is an excellent mill stream. Along its banks 
several flonrishing manufacturing villages have sprung up. The mouth of the river, which has been improved and ex- 
tended l>y piers, forms the harbor of Cleveland. Besides these there are other important streams flowing into the lake, 
a-s Portage Paver, navigable for 12 miles from Port Clinlnn ; Huron River, navisahle U'> Milan, 14 miles, and entering the 
lake at Port Huron; Vermillion Kiver, Black River, Rocky River, etc., all of which are navigable to a grealer or less 
extent, and which, at their mouths, furnish harbors. 

Ohio is one of the richest mineral St-ates of the Union. Iron, co.tI, and lime — the most useful of minernls — abound in 
all the eastern portion of the State, and are deposited in beds of vast thickness. Salt springs are numerous in the same 
region. The coal of Ohio is bituminous, and lies very accessible, requiring comparatively little capital to handle if, but aa 
yet there is, except in some of the principal cities — Cincinnati, Dayton, Cleveland, etc.— but little manufacturing, and in a, 
large portion of the State the people are not sufficiently near the mines or public works to use coal in competition with 
wood. Time and the axe, however, are rapidly destroying the foreM, and wood is fnst rising in price ; and the period is 
not distant when the whole people of the Central West will use coal. The progress of the fiiilroad will ha*t--n this revo- 
lution In the industrial and domestic economy of the Slate. Tho m.arketable production of coal in Ohio may be deter- 
mined approximately by the report of the Board of Public Works. The principal points of coal mining are at Talmadge, 
Summit County; Pomeroy, Meigs County ; Nelsonvilie, Athens County ; and some points in Stark and Coshoeton counties. 
The amount brought to market from these several points in 1S50-51 was as follows: from Akron, 3.052,850 bu^ibels : from 
Massil<*n, 186.893 bushels ; from Dover, 59,150 bushels ; from Roscoe, 260,256 bushels ; from Nelsonville, 9;0.150 biisheJs ; 
anti from Pomeroy, about 2,lX)0,000 bushels — in all, 6.4S0.299 bushels. This is but a sixteenth part of the coal brought to 
market from Easton, Pennsylvania, yet it is a large amount, and a large increase on the production a few years since. It 
is about the production of Pennsylvania 15 years ago. May not the increase of ihe c<:>al trade in Ohio be as rapid as that 
of Pennsylvania? If so, what an important effect it will have on the industry and internal commerce of the State. The 
consumption of coal in the interior towns is gradually increasing. In 1850, Columbus took 2S5.521, and in ISol, 499.951 
bushels ; Circleville, in 1S50, 66.109, and in 1S51, 93,S29 ; Chillicothe, in ISoO, 18:3,139, and in 1851, 205,867 ; M'Connells- 
ville, in 1850. 46.285. and in 1851, 68,444; Middletown, in 1350, 19,(i25, and in 1S51, 16.305; Dayton, in 1850. 89,953, and in 
1851, 63.840 ; and Piqua, in 1850, 8.86==. and in 1851, 9.6TT bushels ; total in these places— in 1850, 639.900 bushels, and in 
1S51, 957,893 bushels. These are nominally small quantities, but the increase (50 per cent.) in one year is quit^ remarka- 
ble, and proves that as wood rises in price, as manufactures increase and railmads extend, that the consumption of coal 
will in<Te»se umre than proportionately. The coal carried to market annually by Pennsylvania brings back to her 
$20,000,000. An income like this, dug out of the earth, in a single article, is alone enough to stimulate other States, pos- 
eessmg It to foster its production, ami become prosperous and independent through Ihe same means. 

That the iron business of the same region is destined at no distant day to become of equal magnitu<le and importance, 
must be apparent to the most casual observer. Extending through the counties of Lawrence, Gallia, Jnckson, Meigg, 
Vinton, Athens, .and Hocking, is a belt of iron ore, averauing some twelve miles in width, and extending a distance of 
one hundred or more in length, each square mile of which can bo made susceptible of keeping up a furnace employing 
one hundred hands, and yielding eight tons of iron per day, for any desirable period of time. Coal of the very beat qual- 
ity, from three to twenty, and even thirty feet in thickness, also underlies, as before remarked, the counties named, 
together with others, sufficient to last for ages as a means of fuel for manufacturing in their midst as well as supplying 
the market demand north, west, and south of the mineral region, l-'nglaml. with an available coal region occupying an 
area less than the counties of Meigs and Athens united, produces annually :$50.00n.ooo worth of iron, and yet at this day 
the mineral region of Ohio alone is susceptible of being rendered four-foM more valuable than the entire mineral region 
of England. If a patch containing but a few square miles has done so much for central England, what may not the fields 
containing many hundred square miles do for Ohio? 

That the salines of Ohio are immensely valuable, although not in the same proportion as its collieries and iron deposits, 
can not admit of a doubt. There are salt wells on Yellow Cret-k, abovc^ Stcubenville ; on Will's Creek ; on the Muskin- 
gum River, frtmi the Coshocton to near jt.s mouth; on tho Tlockhoi^king: on Leading Creek, and in numerous other 
places. At the lower wells on the Muskingum, the salt rock is reached at 900 feet from the surface, and in some of tho 
localities farther up the river at 650 to 700 feet. ■ Of brine from Ihe former, 100 gallons yield as many pounds of salt ofan 
excellent quality ; the upper springs are not so strong. On the Ilockhocking the salt is reached near Athens at a depth 
of 800 feet, and liigher up the river it is much nearer the surface. 

Marble and freestone, well adapted for buildhig purposes, and gypsum, also occur. The Yellow Springs, in Green© 
.County, sixty-four miles north of Cincinnati, are situated in a delightful region, and have been resorted to with advant- 

6X5 



OHIO, 



age in some ciises of chronic diseases. The White Sulphur Springs, in Delaware-Counly, have also been found efficaciooa 
in some complaints. 

The agricultural productions of Ohio are such as are common to the E:ii*Iom and Middle States. Indian com is'lhe 
staple grail), and of this crop Ohio produces a larger quantity than any other Stale, and exactly one-tenth of the whole 
wop of the- United Sates; its wheat crop is one-sevenlh of the aggregate of the Union, and only surp:LAaed by that of 
Penusylvaina ; Pennsylvania and Kew York alone produce larger crojjs of oats and buckwheat, and New York alone a 
larger crop of barley. It ranks seventh as a tobacco-producing Slate, sec<*nd in relation to wines, and (ll'di for silk 
culture. New York alone exceeds it in the value of its live-stock. It owns onc-tonUi the number of horse.'* in the Union, 
and more than any other State ; only one State (New York) has a larger number of roileh cows and other cattle. It has 
more sheep than any other Slate, and in oiily four States are there a larger number of hogs. Cincinnati, its largest 
city, is renowned as the greatest hog-packing centre of the "West One-ninth of the butter produced in the United States 
is made in Oho, and one-flflh of the cheese — in the production of tile lirst Pennsylvania and New York exceed it, and 
of the latter New York alone. In the pmduction of wool it has no competitor, and of this article one-fifth of the whole 
product of the country is clipped in Ohio. No markets in the United States are more profusely or cheaply supplied ' 
with meats and vegetables than those of the large cities of Ohio. Fruits of all kinds are raised in great plenty, especially 
apples, which grow to a large size, and are finely flavored. Its potato crop is only exceeded by the crops of two other 
States. 

The rapid growth of Ohio has never been paralleled ; in the sixty years fi-om 1790 to 1S50, its population rose from 
8,000 to 1,980,408. Its fertile lands attracted immigrants from all parts to settle in its smiling valleys and rich plains. The 
Germans, among the foreign population, are in the largest number; next the Irish, English, French, British American, 
Welch, Scotch and Swiss, most numerical in the priority of position here assigned them. 

Ohio is divided into 87 counties, the general statistics of which, and the capitals of each, in 1850, were as follows: 



Dwell. 



Pop. 

18,8S3 
12,109 
2-3,792 



Farms 
in eiill. 

.1,609. 
.1,146. 
.2,2.35. 



CouDtiefl, 

Adams 3,206 

Allen 2,1170, 

Ashland .... 4,123 
Ashtabula. .. 5..306 

AUlcns 8,121 

Auglaize.... 2,020 

Belmont,... 5,823.. 84,600.. 2,552. 

Brown 4,8.33.. 27,832. .1,843. 

BuUer 5,.315.. 80,789,. 2.262. 

Carroll S.068.. 17,0So.*l,926. 

Champaign. 8,437.. 19,702., 1,077. 

3,753. 

5,4:37. 



28,766.. 2,243.. 
18,215.. 1,872.. 
11,3.3s.. i,373.. 



Clark 
Clermont 



Clinton 3,246. 



22,178.. 1,893. 
80,455.. 2,093. 
18,538.. 1.366. 



Columbiana 6,834.. 83,621. .2,838. 



Coshocton. . . 
Crawford,.. 
Cuyahoga... 

Darke 

Defiance — 
Delaware... 

Erie 

Fairfield 

I'ayetfc 

Franklin — 

Fulton I,a55.. 

Gallia 2,975.. 



4,325.. 
8,070. . 
S,2S9,. 
8,476.. 
. 1,237.. 
8,754.. 
3,862.. 
5,207.. 
2.155. . 
6,701.. 



2.5,674.. 2,786. 
13,177.. 1,210. 



48,1199. 
20,274. 

6,966. 
21,817. 
18,568. 
811.264, 
12,726, 
42,910, 

7,781. 
17,003 



,2,228. . 
.2,151.. 
. 296.. 
.1,855.. 
.1,021.. 
.2.SS3. . 
.1,007.. 
.2,066.. 
. 826.. 
.1,190.. 



16,751. .1,686.. 
, 783.. 
1,008.. 



Geauga .... 3.240.. 17.837. .1,906. 

Greene 3,700.. 21,946.. 1,626. 

Guernsey... 5.079.. 80.438. .2,2li9. 
Hamilton... 21,021. 
Hancock.... 2,824. 

Hardin 1,402.. 8,251. 

Harrison.... 8,526.. 20,157. 

Henry 010.. 8,435. 

Highland... 4,477.. 25,781. 
Hocking.... 2,307.. 14,119. 

Holmes 8,430. 

Hnron 4,019. 

Jackson.... 2,120. 
Jeflbrson.... 5,191. 

Knox 4,853. 

Lake 

Lawrence 



26.. West Union 

51., Lima 

71,, Ashland 
251.. Jefferson 

60,, Athens 

80,, Wap,ikonett3 
185, .St. Clairsville 

92.. Georgetown 
269.. Hamilton 

41. .Carrollton 

93, .Urbana 
156,, Springfield 
178,.Batavia 

S3,, Wilmington 
New Lisbon 
Coshocton 
Eucyrus 
Cleveland 

10.. Greenville 

31.. Defiance 

95. .Del.iware 

73, .Sandusky 
162.. Lancaster 

29, , Washington 
241.. Columbus 

82.. Ai 
9..Gallipolis 

8G,,Chardon 
132,,Xenia 

73.. Cambridge 



ISO. 
15S. 



162. 



156,843. .2,602. .1,468. .CincinnaU 
85..Finlay 
26., Kenton 
74,, Cadiz 



1,180, . 

20,452.. 2,171.. 

20,203.. 2.414.. 

12,721.. 1,164.. 

29,182.. 1,83S.. 

23,878.. 2,268.. 
2,7110.. 14,654. .1,449.. 
2,653.. 15,240.. 254.. 



15. .Napoleon 
1.51,,IIillsboro' 
Logan 
, Millersburg 
Norwalk 
Jackson 
Steubenville 
117, , Mount Vernon 
250,,PainesviiIo 
29,, Burlington 



15, 
122 
256, 

14, 
381, 



Counries, Dwell. 

Licking 6,689. 

Logan 8,243. 

Lorain 4,674.. 20,086. 

Lucas 2,225.. 12,363. 



Pop. 

85,516., 8,313, 
19,162.. 1,626. 



. 1.742.. 
4,298.. 
2,158.. 
4,480.. 
8,136. . 



10,015. 
28.735. 
12,618. 
24,441. 



Madison . , 
Mationiog 
Marion, .. 
Medina.. . 

Meigs 

Mercer 1,312. 

Miami 4,391. 

Monroe 4,892. 

Montgomery 6.527. 

Morgan 4,886.. 28,685, 

M.irrow 8,652.. 20,280, 

Muskingum, 7,757.. 45,049 

Ottawa. 018.. 8,808 

Paulding.... 807 

Perry 8,587 

Pickaway ,. .3,600 

Pike 1.9.35.. 10,953 

Portage 4,512, 

Preble 3,749, 

Putnam 1,246, 

Kichland... 5,2115, 

Eoss 5,575 , 

Sandusky... 2,437 

Sciota. 8,086. 

Seneca. 4,645, 



,2,480.. 
, 6S3.. 
, 774.. 
2,052.. 
919.. 
,2,461.. 



Mnnuf. 
Estab, 
882., 
88.. 
64, 
101,. 
46., 
105., 



17,971.. 1,149.. 
7,712.. 075.. 
24,990. .1,8S2.. 
28,351.. 2,637.. 
38,219. .2,068.. 

.2,126.. 

.1,552.. 

.2,650.. 

. 227.. 

. 77.. 

.1.814.. 

.1,261.. 

. 781.. 
24,419.. 2,254.. 
21,7.36.. 1,799.. 
7,231.. 603.. 
30,879. .2.522.. 
82,074. .1,435.. 
14,305.. 1,391.. 
18,428.. 751.. 



C-ipitnls, 

Newark 

Bellefontaine 

Elyria 

Maumee City 

London 

Canfield 
14 . . Marion 
77.. Medina 
57..Pomeroy 
9..Celina 
177.. Troy 
43..Woodsfield 

Dayton 

M'ConnellsviUc 

Mount Gilead 

ZauesviUe 

Port Clinton 



1,766, 
20,775 
21,008 



118 
1-11 
57 



25.. Somerset 
71 . . Circleville 
2S..Piketou 
137..Eavenna 
109.. Eaton 
IL.Kalida 
Mansfield 
Cliillicothe 
Fremont 
Portsmouth 



Shelbv , 



27,105.. 2,582.. 199..Tiain 



2,405.. 13,953.. 1,363.. 



Stark 6,773. 



Summit . 

Trumbull... 
Tuscjirawas. 

Union 

Van Wert... 

Vinton 

Warren 



4,885.. 
6,429.. 
5,441.. 
2.059.. 
786.. 
1,569. . 
4,494 



Washington. 4.906. 



W.iyne 

Williams . , 

Wood 

Wyandott. 



!),712.. 
1,.390.. 
I..'i42.. 
1,964.. 



89,878.. 3,177.. 
27,455.. 2,829.. 
80,490.. 2,753.. 
81.761.. 2.250.. 
13,204.. 1.265.. 

4,813.. 317.. 

9,.353.. 806.. 
25,561.. 1,985.. 
29,540.. 1,776.. 
32,981.. 2,904.. 

8,018.. 651.. 

9,1,57.. 704.. 
11,292.. 923.. 



28.. Sidney 
294.. Canton 
292.. Akron 
. Warren 
.N. Philadelphia 
.MarysviUe 
. Van Wert 
. M- Arthur 
. l.elx'uion 
.Marietta 
. Woosler 
Bryan 
Perrysburg 
U. Sandusky 



183 
159 

10 

IS 

24 
281 
108 
880. 

29, 

21. 

87., 



The whole number of dwellings in the State, was at the above date .330,098, of families 848,523, and of inlialiitants 
1,980,408, viz,, whites 1,950.K)S— males 1,004,111, and females 951,997; fr, col. 24,300— males 12,239, and females 12,061. 
Of the whoI(, piipnliition there were dm/ and (/«7»7>— wh. 939, fr. col, 8 — total 947; hlind — wh, 05^3, ft-, eol. 1'2 — total 665; 
JMnTUj— wh. 1,3.3.5, fr. col. 17— total 1,852 ; and MioUe—yih. 1,.S80, fr. col. 19— total 1,899. The number of free persons 
bom in the United States was 1,757,556 ; the number of foreign birth, 218,512 ; and ol birth unknown, 4,393. The nativa 
616 



OHIO. 

populalinn originated as follows : Mainci S,3U, N. Hamp. 4,821, Verm. 14,320, Mass. 18,T63, E. I. l,95n, Conn. 22,865, New 
York 88.979, N. Jer. 2.3.532, Ponn. 200,634, Del. 4,T15, Md. 3G,09S, Disl. of Col. 598, Vire. 85,TG2, N. Car. 4,807, S. Ciir. 1,468, 
Ga. 447, Flor, 17, Ala. 219, Miss. 422, La. 648, Tex. 39, Arlc. 141, Tcnn. 1.S73, Ky. 18,829, Ohio 1,219,432, Mich, 2,233, Ind. 
T,877, 111. 1,416, Mo. 656, la. 878, Wise. 196, Calif. 0, Territories 24. Ami \ha foreian population was composed of persons 
from— England 25,060, Ireland 51,662, Scotland 5,232, Wales 5,849, Germany 111,257, France 7,376. Spain IS, Portugal T, 
Belgium 108. Holland .348, Turkey 1, Italy 174, Austria 29, Switzeriand 3,291, Russia 84, Denmark 63, Norway 18, Sweden 
65, Prussia 766, Sardinia 15, fxreece 0, China 3, Asia G, Africa 7, British America 5,880, Mexico 26, Central America 12, 
S. America 41, West Indies 86, Sandwich Islands 1, and other countries 544. 

The following table will show the decennial increase of the population, since the first census oT the State taken by the 
Uniled States authorities : 

Colored t'eraons- Decennial Increase. 

Census While f ■ . Total t ' , 

Years. I'ersona. Free- Slave. Tolal. Poiinlatron. Kumencal. I'er cent. 

ISOO 4.5,028 .337 — .337 4.6.8G5 — — 

1810 228,861 1,899 — 1,899 2311,700 189.895 40S.7 

1820 576,572 4,863 — 4,*63 581,4:34 850,674 161.9 

18:30 , 928,.329 9,568 6 9,574 9.37,903 .3.50.409 61.3 

1840 1,502,122 17,M2 3 17,346 1.619,407 581,504 62.0 

1850 1,956,108 24,300 — 24,300 1,980,408 460,941 30.8 

The definite statistica of its wealth, productions, iudnslry, and institutions, according to the census of 18.00 and other 
official returns, are as follows : 

Live-Stock.— 1\ii^ nuniiier of animals of the several descriptions in 1840 and 1850 are shown in the following table, also 
the ratio of increase and decrease from the first to the latter period ; 

Deacription. 1^0. 18.50. Movement. 

Dorses I jqo i.jt i,»i,h J 463,:397 head i 

Asses and Mules f **'''^" ^^^^ 1 3!428 " } "'«■• 8<=,293 bead, or 8,4 per ce.»t. 

Milch Con(S 1 I 544,499 " j 

Working O.-cen !-l,217,S74 " J. 65,:3.sl " I inor. 141,073 " or 11,6 " 

OtherCattle ) 1 749,067 " I 

Sheep 2,028,401 " 8,942,929 " »««-, 1,914.528 ' " or 043 " 

Swine 2,099,746 " 1,964,770 " deer. 134,970 " or 0.4 " 

—in 1850, the whole was valued at $44,121,741. 

Grain C/'oyjs.— Wheat, 14,457,:351 bushels; rye, 425.713 bushels; Indian corn, 59,078,095 bushels; oats, 13,472,742 
bushels; barley, 354,368 bushels; and buckwheat, G3S,064 bushels. On comparing these with the returns of 184U, the 
following results are attained : 

Crops. 1S40. IP.'^O- Movement, 

■Wheat 16,571 ,661 bushels 14,4^7,351 bushels deer. 2,084,310 bushels, or 12.5 per cent. 

Kye 814.205 " 425,718 

Indian com 33,663,144 " 59,078,695 

Oats 14,39.3,103 " 13,472,743 

Barley 212,440 " 354,3,'.S 

Buckwheat 633,139 " 638,004 

("In some of the largest wheat-growing Suites, the crops of 1849 fell far below the average. In the State of Ohio, espe- 
cially, was there great deficiency, anrl was made apparent by the returns of the wheat crop for the ensuing year — made 
in pursuance of an act of the legislature of that State. From the almost universal returns of "short eroj)" by the mar- 
Bhal in that State in 1849, which fell below that of 1S39 two millions of bushels and the ascertained crop of 1S50, we 
are fully satisfied that the average wheat crop of Ohio would appear thirty per cent, greater than shown by the census 
returns. The same causes which operated to diminish the wheat crop of Ohio were not without their effects upon that 
of other States bordering on the upper portion of the valley of the Miasissijipi.")— iJ<<p. of Supt. of (Jemus Jlureuu, Ist 
December^ 1862. 

Otlier Food Crops.— 7aas and beans, 60,163 bushels; potatoes— Irish, 5,057,769 bushels, and sweet, 187,994 bushels. 
The potato crop of 1839, as shown by the census of 1840, amounted to 5,Sll5,021 bushels ; and hence there has been a de- 
crease in the crop of 559,258 bushels, or 9.7 per centum. 

3ti.iivUcnieous (7/-o/).«.— Tobacco, 10,454,449 pounds; bay, 443,142 tons; elover-seed, 102,197 bushels: other grass seed, 
87,810 bushels; hops, 63,731 pounds ; hemp— dew-rotted, 140 Ions, and water-rotted, ,50 tons; flax, 440.937 piiunds; flax- 
seeii, 188,880 bushels; silk cocoons, 1,652 pounds; sugar— maple, 4,5SS,2n9 pounds, and cane, 197,000 pounds; molasses, 
808,308 gallons ; bees-wax and honey, 804,275 pounds; wine, 48,207 gallons, etc. Value of orchard products, $695,921; 
and of market-garden products, $214,204, The principal of these, compared with the crops of the simihir staples pro- 
duced in 1339, exhibit the following movement : 

staple. IKIO, 1850. Movement. 

Tobacco 5,942,275 lbs 10,454,449 lbs ijwr. 4,512,174 lbs., or 75.9 per cent. 

Hay 1,022,087 tons 44:3.142 tons deer. 678,895 tons, or 56,6 " 

Hops 62,195 lbs 63,7:31 lbs iner. 1,546 lbs., or 2.4 « 

Hemp — dew-rotted » r 140 tj)ns 

water-rotted I 9,080i tons-! 5 tons J- Ajcr. 19,568,028 lbs., or 96.2 



deer. 


388,487 " 


or 47.7 


tncr. 


25,410,551 " 


or 76.5 


deer. 


920,861 " 


or 7.1 


incr. 


141,918 " 


or G0.7 


mor. 


4,925 " 


or 0.8 



Flax 



1 1 140 t/ins 1 

V 9,080itons-| 5ton3 J- cfecr. 19,568,028 lbs., or 

' ( 44G,9371bs.* I 

Sugar-maple ,^^ j 4,5ss,209 lbs i,^^_ 1,578,177 lbs., or 24-9 

" cane 1 i 197,000 lbs ) ' , -■ » 

'Wine 11,524 gals 48,207 gals. incr. 86,683 gaU.,or 318.3 



■ Tlie correctness of tlie returns u to hemp in the seventh census h,ss not yet been perfectly verified, in few instances there beins some doubt 
ttfaettiertlie marshals have not written tons where they meant pa\i»in. Report of Supt. of Ctmtu Bureau, let Vee.,\952. (If they had writteo 
• tons" in tlie case of Ohio, it could not have been much further from the truth than the " pounds" set down under this head.- Ed. Gas,) 

611 



OHIO. 

Products nf Ariimah.— 'Wool, 10,196,371 pounds ; butter. 34,449,379 pounds ; cheese, 20,S19.r>42 pounds ; and the vahie 
of animiiU slaughtered during the year lS4'J-50, waa $7,4^i9,'243. The wool crop, according tu the .^lhsus of 1S40, 
amounted to 3,655.515 pounds, and hence tho increase of that of 1S50 was in the ratio of 176.6 per centum. In 1S40, tho 
average clip per fleece waa 1.S2 pounds, and in 1550, *2.59 i>uunda, making an increase equal to 12.3 oz. nearly, or 42.3 per 
centum, and exhibiting an improvement in tlie breeds in a like ratio. 

OccnpU'd Lands, <?to.— Improved farm lands, 9,851,493 acres, and unimproved lands belonging to farms, 8,146,000 acres, 
together valued at $35S,7GS,6U3. The whole number of farms under cultivation on the 1st Jupe, 1S50, was 143,bS7. Value 
of fantiiiiLr iin|ilimi'nis and machinery, $I2.750.5S5. 

JlmHir-iniide. JIauti/act'tres were produced in the year ending 1st June, 1S50, to the value of $1,712,196. The same class 
of gond.s fttr the year represente(i iu the census of 1340 was valued at $1,863,937. 

iI/(/7(»/;/c(wre«.— Aggregate capital invested, $00,000,000 ; value of all raw material, fuel, etc., consumed, $00,000,000; 
average number of hands employed 000,001' — males, 000,000, and females, 0.000; wages paid per month, $000,fHK); to 
males, $0(10,(100, and to females, $00,000 ; value of manufactures produced in the year, $00.0' '0,000. Tt.e wbnle number of 
industrial establishments in tho State, producing to the \'alue of $500 and upward annually, on the 1st June, 1S5U, waa 
10,550, and distribuleii as shown in the general table of counties — of the whole number S were cotton factories, 130 wotilen 
factories, and imn-works 219—35 for the manufaoture of pig iron, 183 for castings, and 11 for wrought iron— and 700 tan- 
oeries. Ohio has also a large number of machine shops, hardware and cutlery manufactories, distilleries, breweries, 
harness nianufaclures, railroad car and carriage factories, tobacco factories, soap, candle, and oil factories, potteries, paper- 
irllls, flouring, grist, saw, and other mills, and other manufacturing establishments, large and small, which in the aggr&- 
gale make up the summary above presented. The total capital invested in 1840 was $16,905,257. 

In cotton nianiifactnres capital invested amounted, at the date specified, to $297,000; the value of all raw material, 
fliel, etc., consumed to $237,060; number of hands employed, 401 — 132 males and 269 females; entire wages per tnonth, 
$4,725— to males, $2,191, and to females, $2,534; products of the year, 280,000 yards sheeting and 483,000 pounds of yarn, 
valued together at $394,700. Cotton consumed, 4,270 bales, and coal, 2,152 tons. In 1840, the cotton manufactures had 
a capital of $113,500, and employed 246 hands; and the value of products waa $139,378. 

The woo^^'H manufactures have a capital of $870,220; wool consuraed in the year, 1,657,726 pounds; coal consumed, 
2,110 tons; value of all raw material, fuel, etc., $578,423; average handa employed, 1,201 — males, 903, and females, 298; 
entire wages per month, $21,441— to males, $18,191, and to females, $8,250; cloth manufactured in the year, 1.874,087 
yards, and yam. 05,000 pound.n, valued together at $1,111,027. The capital in woolen factories in 1840, was $537,985; 
hands employed, 935. and value of products, $685,757. 

The statistics of the iron manufacture were as follows: 

Slu-fifii-.-itinris. Tig Iron. Cist Iron. Wrought Iron, Total 

Capital invested dollars..., 1,503.000 2,*)63,050 620,800 4,187,450 

Iron ore u^ed tous 140,610 2,0oo — 142,610 

Pigironused " — 87,555 13,675 51,230 

Old metal used " — 1,843 — 1,84-3 

Blooms used " — — 2,900 2,900 

Mineral coal consumed " 21,730 80,006 22,755 74.491 

Coke and ch,nrcoal consumed bushels . . . 5,428,800 855,120 466,900 6,250.820 

Value of raw material, etc dollars.... 630,037 1,199.790 604,4-3 2,4.3-1.820 

Hands employed — males number. .. 2,415 2,753 70S 5.881 

Monthly wages— males dollars. . . . 59,129 75,348 23,796 158,2-83 

Iron manufactured tons 52.G.=>S 37,899 14.416 104,473 

Yalue of products dollars.... 1,255,850 8,069,350 1,076,192 5,391,393 

In 1840, there were in the State 72 furnaces, producing 35,236 tons, and 19 bloomeries. forges, and roUing-mills, producing 
7,466 tons; capital invested in iron manufactures, $1,161,900, and hands employed. 2>20S. 

The /'/7(?(<'?v>s employed a capital of $1,340,889; value of hides and skins used, $1,113,080; hands empl.iye<l, 1,S26 ; 
monthly wages, $35,830; sides of leather tanned, 688,560, and skins tanned, 228,493; value of proiiuets for the year, 
$1,964,591. In 1840, there were 812 tanneries in the Stale, with an aggregate capital of $957,383, and employing 1,790 
hands ; products of the year, 161,630 sides of sole leather and 234,037 sides of upper leather. 

The capital invested in the manufacture of malt and npintaoxis liquors was $1 .262.974 ; quantities and kinds of grain, 
etc., consumed— barley, 830,950 bushels; corn, 3.588,140 bushels; rye. 231,750 bushels; oata, 19,500 bushels; hops. 173 
tons; hands employed, 1,033; quantities of liquor produced- ale, 96,943 barrels; whisky and high wines, 11.865.150 
gallons. In the manufacture of spirits, Ohio has a much larger interest Ihun any other State, and in reference to the 
aggregate produced iu the United States, the quantity jiroduced in this Suite amounts to upward of one-fourth ; and 
onc-lwelflh of the ale, etc., brewed ia the product of Ohio. In 1840, the capiud invested in these interests amounted to 
$893,119 ; hands employed, 798 ; 890 distifteries produce<l 6,399,467 gallons, and 59 breweries, 1.422,584 gallons. 

Foreifjn Co^nm^rce. — The direct intercourse between Ohio and foreign states is of \ery limited amount, and ia chiefly 
confined to a trade between the lake ports and Canada, tlie great bulk of its merchantable material being carried either to 
the sea-board at Philadelphia, New York, Boston, or to New Orleans. The latter port is the natural depot of Southern 
Ohio. The direct imports from foreign countries in tho year ending 30th June, 1850, were valued at $582,504, and the 
exports at $217,632. Of the imports, the value carried in Arnt-riean bottoms was $398,999, and in foreign bottoms, 
$183.505 ; and of the exports the value of domestic products was $217.532— in American boitoms, $117,989, and in foreign 
bottoms, $99,543, and of foreign products, $100 carried in foreign botioms. The statistics of the shipping employed in 
this branch of industry for the year quoted arc embraced in the annexed aggregates : 

Entered Cleared. 'Totnl. 



Nalinnaldy / * . ' ^ « ' » 

ofSbipping. Vessela. Tons. Crews. V^p^els. I..!!.^. Crews. Vessels. Tona. Crews. 

American 178 21,623 1,065 137 15.485 761 815 37.113 1,826 

Foreign 136 18,243 899 181 18,322 884 267 86,565 1,783 



Total 314 89,871 1,964 2GS a3,S07 1,(>45 582 78,678 3,609 

618 



OHIO. 



The statistics of tlie value of exports and imports for a series of years are tlius stated in tlie Treasury Reports: 



Imporla. 


Vear. 


$293 


1S37 


162 


1S83 




1.S39 


12,39'2 


1S40 


5 


1841 


19,767 


1812 


9.S08 


1S43 



Exports. Imports, 

$W2,S« $17,747 

139,S27 12,895 



991.il54 4,916 

793,1 14 11,813 

899,780 1.3,(151 

120,108 10,774 



Vear. 


Exports. 


1844 .... 


....$ 


1846 . . . . 


.... 321,114 


1S46 . . . . 


.... 862,030 


1847.... 


.... 77S,9« 


1843 ... 


.... 147,509 


1849 . . . . 


.... 149,724 


1850 . . . . 


.... 217,032 



I m porta. 
$ ■ 

7S,196 
10'J,TU 

90,681 
l&lj,7'26 
U9,S39 
5^2,504 



Year. Expnrta. 

1S29 $2.004... 

1S30 . . . 

1S31 ... 

1S33 5S.394 . . . 

1838 225,544 . . . 

1S34 241,451 19, 

1885 97,-201 . . . 

1836 3,718 10,900 

The total shipping owned in the State amounted to 62,462 tons, of which 36,S94 was owned in the district of Cuyahoi;a» 
of which ClcvL-Uuid is ihe port of entry, 7,32S iu that of Sandusky, 17,189 in that of ('incinnati, and 2,629 ni that of Mi:imi. 
The two first are lake districts, and the two latter districts on the Ohio lUver. All this shipping, except 72 tons of tho 
class " licensed under 20 tons," was *' enrolled and licensed." and employed in the coasting and river trade ; ami of the 
■whole, 28,653 tons were navigated by steam-power, viz., in Cuyahoga district, 9,994 tons ; in that of Sandusky, 1,214 tons ; 
in that of Cincinnati, 16.906 tons; and in that of Miami, 539 tons. During the year there had been built in the several 
districts 31 vessels — 4 schooners, 11 sloops, and 16 steamers, of the aggregate burden of 6,215 tons — in Cuyahoga district, 
9 schtfoners and sloops (6S7 tons) ; in Sandusky, 5 schooners and sloops (,421 tons) ; and in Cincinnati, 16 steamers and 1 
sloop (4,107 Ions). 

liomestie Conunerce. — As before remarked, Ohio sends the great bulk of its productions to the sea-b^ard by the lake, 
river, canal, and railroad routes, and by the same routes its imports are carried. The value of this commerce is immense, 
but can not well be slated in figures, pxcept in isolated eases, which serve more as indices of its vaslnoss by all the routes, 
than as a definite reply lo the question. The cxport3 and imports of the lake ports, and of those of the princi]>al points 
on the Ohio River, arc ascertained, and partially so the tunmige and value of goods carried on the railroads ; but these, 
also, in some measure, are not sufficient data from which to ascertain the exact conimerce of the State, as th-^y include a 
large amount of the pntducts of, an<l goods dcstineil to, the Stales farther west. If the annual commerce be set down at 
$16o,0int,(l0U, it will not be far from ils actual value. The exports from the lake ports alone amotmtcd, in 1S50, lo 
$17,627,885, and tho imports to $25,035,955. The exports of Sandusky increased from $3,099,939 in 1S50, to $20,027,081 
in 1852, and the imports from $7,010,3il4 to $45,072,406; and those of the other lake ports in like proportion. The exports 
of Cincinnati average $24,000,000 a year, and the imports ^40,000,000. These are at the principal outlets' of the Slate, and 
serve to illustrate its general commerce, but there are numerous other points at which the commercial movement is also 
on an extensive scale. This vast commerce is yearly increasing, but to what amount it may ullimately attain can only be 
determined by the progress of settlement and production. Its immense mineral wealth, its fertile soils, and the facilities 
it enjoys for mamifactures generally, arc such as to invite the attention of both capitalist and producer, and within tho 
State there is as nmch habitable space as is required for a population equal to that of the British islands, and hence its 
progress in wealth, population, and industry, can only be impeded by the attainment of a like status with that nation. 

hitefnal Imprtwementa. — Ohio has com]»leted and is prosecuting numerous enterprises in the way of internal improve- 
ment. Its canals and railroads are on a most magnificent scale, crossing and recrossing in every direction, bringing the 
interior to the bonhrs, and uniting there with Ihe like improvements in the adjoining States. The map of Ohio presents 
in its several lines a complete net-work of avenues, the principal running from the lake lothe river— from Cleveland and 
Sandusky to Cincinnati, and from the States eastward to those on the west — from Pittsburg, Wheeling, and Parkersburg, 
toward the Mississipiii. The chief railroad centres are Cleveland and Sandusky on the lake coast; Mansfield, Mount 
Vermm, Newark. Zanesville, Columbus, Xenia, Bellefontaine, Sidney, Springfield, Greenville, Dayton, and Hamilton, in 
the interior; and Cincinnati on the river. From all these points lines radiate in every direction. Its great valleys are 
traversed by canals. With respect to Macadamized roads, turnpikes, and common roads, few other States arc so amply 
provided; and in every direction connecting Ihe commercial centres with each other, and with theatljoining States, lines 
of magnetic lek-graph have been in existence for several years. The total length of canal in the State is 930 miles, and tho 
total length of railroad on the 1st January, 1853, was 1,46S miles, and 1,400 miles of the latter was then in progress of 
construction. The latest statistics respecting canals and railroads will be found in the appendix. 

Government. — The present constitution of Ohio was done in convention 10th March, 1S51, ratified by the people 17th 
June, and went into operation 1st September of the same year. It provides : 

The Hght of suffrage is enjoyed by every white male citizen of the United States, twenty-one years old, resident in the 
State one year next preceding the electiun, and in the county, town, or ward in which he lives such time as may be pro- 
vided by law; but no idiot or insane person is allowed to vote, and the General Assembly may disfranchise and make 
ineligible to hold office any person convicted of bribery, perjury, or other infamous crime. All votes are given by ballot, 
and the general elections are held on the second Tuesday of October biennially. 

The General An&emhhj consistS^of a House of Eepresentatives and Senate, the House consisting of one hundred mem- 
bers and the Senate of thirty-five members, elected in districts for two years, their terms commencing on the 1st January 
after the election. The apportionment of representatives and senators is based on the results of the federal decennial 
census. Members must be residents of their respective districts one year next preceding their election, unless absent on 
the public business of the State or of the United Stales. No person convicted of embezzling public funds, or who shall 
be in any way connected with a duel, can hold office, nor any person holding public monies have a seat in the Assembly, 
No member during his term, and for one year after ils expiration, shall be eligible to any office that may have been 
created, or the pay of which may have been increased, during his term. No money shall be paid by special act or any 
claim unless by a two-thirds vote of the members elected. In all elections by tho Assembly the vote shall be viv& voce. 

The ea:ecittive functions are vested in a Governor, who is elected biennially I>y a pluraUty of votes. The Lieutenant- 
governor, Secretary of Slate, Treasurer, and Altorney-genernl are elected in the same way and for the same term, to 
commence on the second Monday of January. The Auditor is elected for four years. These officers continue in office 
Qutii (heir successors arc elected and qualified. The Governor has power to pardon, except in cases of treason and 
impeachment, but must report each case, with his reasons, to the Assembly. In ca.so of the death of the Governor, the 
Lieutenant-governor succeeds; after him the President of the Senate; and he failing, then the Speaker of the House. 
The Lieutenant-governor ia ex-oj^cio President of the Senate. The Auditor Treasurer, Secretary, or Attorney-general 

619 



OHIO. 

dying, being disabled, or removed, the Governor may fill the vacant office pro tempore, but the vacancy shall be filled 
at the first general election that occurs more than thirty days after it happens ; and the person then elected shall hold 
office for tlie full term. 

The Ju</uiuri/ consists of a Supreme Court, Courts of Common Pleas, Probate Courts, etc. The Supreme Court con- 
Bisls of five judges chosen by the people at large, a majority of whom form a quorum and pronounce a decision. One 
judge is elected annually for Ave years. The court h;i3 original jurisdietiou in quo warranto^ manduimi-s, habeas cor- 
pus, and procedendo^ and such appi-llute jurisdiction as may be provided by law, and holds at least one tercn in each 
year at the seat of govemment For the purpose of electing judges to and hoUUng Courts of Common Pleas, the Stale is 
divided into nine districts (of which Hamiltoa County forms one), and eacli district is subdivided inUy IUtvc ]>;irls, from 
each of which one judge — to reside while m office in his district — is chosen by the electors of each 3ubdi\ ision for five 
years. Courts of Common Pleas are held by one or more of the judges in every county as often as the law may provide, 
and more than one court may be held at the same time in each district District courts, composed of the juilges of the 
Court of Common Pleas of the respective districts, and one of the judges of the Supreme Court, any three of whom forms 
a quorum, are held in each county of the several districts at least once in each year. The district courts have original 
jurisdiction in the same classes of eases as tlie Supreme Court, and such appellate jurisdiction as may be provided by 
law. In each county there is a Probate Court, open at all times, holden by one judge chosen by the voters of each 
county for tliree years. Justices of the peace are elected in the several townships also for three years. All other judges 
are chosen by the voters of their respective judicial districts for not more than five years. Vacated judgeships are filled 
pjv tempore by the Governor, but a successor to the vacating judge is elected at the next general election, if occurring 
more Uian thirty days after the vacancy happens. A Clerk of the Common Pleas is chosen in each county for three 
years, and such clerk is clerk of all the courts of record in his county, unless otherwise provided by law. Cnlirts of Con- 
ciliation may be established. The Legislature, at its first session, provided for the appointment of three commissioners to 
revise and simplify the practice, etc., of the courts, and, as far as practical and expedient, to abolish distinct forms 
of action, and the difference between law ami equity. In Cleveland and Cincinnati there is also a Superior Court, and in 
Cincinnati a Commercial Court, the jurisdiction of all which is local. 

A Board of Public Worls, consisting of three members, one elected annually for three years, has charge of the canals, 
railroads, and other works belonging to the State. 

Among the other principal provisions of the constitution are the following: no new county shall be made, or county 
line or county seat changed but by a vote of the county ; lotteries, and the sale of lottery tickets, shall be prohibited ; a 
bureau of statistics may be established ; imprisonment for debt, except in cases of frauii, shall be abolished ; compeusa- 
tion, assessed by a jury, shall be paid for all property taken fur the public use without deduction for benefits to any 
adjacent property of the owner; all white male citizens, resident in the State, between the ages of eighteen and forty-five 
years, shall be enrolled in the militia; the principal of all funds arising from the sale of lands or other property granted 
or entrusted to Uie State for educational and religious purposes, shall be forever inviolable, and the income therefrom 
faithfully applied to the specific objects of tlie original grants ; a thorough and efficient system of common schools shall 
be secured throughout the State ; institutions for the benefit of the insane, blind, deaf and dumb, shall always be fostered 
and supported by the State; the State shall never contract any debt for the purposes of internal improvement, but it may 
contract debts to meet casual defects in the revenue, or expenses not otherwise provided for — the aggregate never to 
exceed $750,000; it may further contract debts to repel invasions, etc., or to redeem the present outstanding debt; the 
credit of the Slate shall never be lent to any individual or corporation, nor shall the State become a stockholder in any 
association, or assume any debt except in the cases above provided for; the Secretary of State, Auditor, and Attorney- 
general shall be the commissioners of the Sinking Fund, which consists of the net annual income of the pul)lic works and 
stocks, and of sach funds raised by taxation or otherwise as may be provided by law, which shall be made yufficieut to 
pay the accruing interest on the public debt, and annually not less than $100,000. 

To amend the cojistitution, it is necessary that three-fifths of the members elected to each house shall vote in favor of 
the proposed amendments, which shall be entered upon the journals, with the yeas and nays, and shall be published in 
at least one newspaper in each county for six months preceding the next genera! election, and at such election the amend- 
ments shall be separately submitted to the people; and if a majority vote rherefor, they shall become a part of the 
constitution. At the general election, in 1S71. and every twentieth year thereafter, the question, "Shall tlierc he a con- 
vention to revise, alter, or amend the constitution ?'* shall be submitted to the people ; and at any time, if considered 
necessary by two-thirds of the Assembly, and a subsequent majority of the people, a convention may be called for the 
same purpose. 

The militia Jbrce of the State consists of 176,455 men of all arms, of which 2,051 are commissioned officers, and 174,404 
non-eora missioned officers, musicians, artificers, and privates. Of the commissioned officers 91 are general officers, 21T 
general staff" officers, 462 field officers, etc., and 2,20S company officers. 

The principal benevolent inMitutions of the State are the Ohio Lunatic Asylum, the Deaf and Dumb Asylum, and the 
Institution for the Blind. All these are located at Columbus. The number of patients in the Lunatic Asylum, on the 15th 
November, 1849, was 323—169 males, and 154 females; the number received during thif subsequent year. 19:3 — 112 males 
and SI females, and the number discharged during the ye-ar, 19S— lOS males and 90 femalcd. Of those discharged, 99 — 
49 males, and 50 females, were recovered ; 9 — 5 males and 4 females, much improved ; 15 improved ; 53 unimproved ; (43 
chronic cases) and 23 died. The Asylum for the Deaf and Dumb has been in actual operation 21 years, and during that 
period there have been 462 pupils. The number in the Institution for the Blind, including graduates and pupils, on the 
25th December, 1S50, was 73—40 males and 33 females ; 13 pupils w^ere received during the year, and 10 diseharged. 
Applicants for admission must be between the ages of 6 and 21 years. If able to pay, the two last institutions charge $100 
for the 10 months' session, from 1st October to 1st August. 

Mnances, etc—The total amount of receipts, for the year ending November 15lh, 1850, was $2,536,553 40; total 
resources of the treasury (including balance for former year), $3,091,998 SO. Disbursements for the same period, 
$2,960,927 IS. Excess of resources, $181,066 12. The "chief sources of income" were — taxes on real and personal 
property, including arrears, $l,243,.i64 S3; taxes on professions, peddlers and foreign insurance companies, and auction 
duties, ete., $30,297 62 ; taxes on banks and State insurance companies, $56,42S 95 ; canal tolls, water rents, etc., 
$728,085 73; dividends, turnpike, and canal, $29,888 20; principal of surplus revenue. $177,218 S5; interest on surplus 
revenue, $58,741 88 ; canal lau'is sold. $42,091 43 ; road tolls. $49,103 04 ; taxes paid through Audit-jr of State, $37,380 47 ; 
school and ministerial lands sold, $68,371 03; claims collected, $4,271 52; and miscellaneous, $7,467 54; and the principal 
620 



OHIO. 

" olyucts of expenditure" were — bills drawn for appropriations, $891,1S(5 4S ; common sclinol fund. $200,01.10 : interest ou 
foreign debt, $1,022,858 95 ; interest on special school and trust fund, 3;!I7.272 81 : interest on doinestie bonds, J'23,094 C5 ; 
repairs on canals and public works, .$S-J9,&95 ; repairs on national roail, $47,242 GG ; State debt paid, $li57.SSC 34. 

TheiStoSei'p'j^onliielStliNovember, 1850, amounted to $18,744,.'>94 32, the annual interest on whiili was $1,124,630 18. 
The constituents of lliis debt were — domestic bonds outstanding;. $493,824, drawing annually $2^.940 10 interest ; irreducible 
stock, school and trust fuiuls, $1 .683,996 6:j— annual interest, $101,089 SO ; and foreign debt, $10,566,778 69— annual inlerest, 
$996,556 23. During the year ending :i6 above, $-35^708 38 of the domestic bonds had been re<leemed. The irreducibia 
stock, on which the St.ale pays 6 per cent, interest to the townships and districts IVoni which the funds were received, 
forms part of the Stale debt which is not to be repaid. The United States surplus revenue, amounting to $2,0o7,2G0 34, 
&nd loaned to the fund commissioners of the counties, was due to the State January 1st, 1850, except certain balances not 
due until 1S52 : $1,016,226 53 has alr-^ady been repaid. After due, if not jtaid, the counties must pay 6 per cent, on what 
remains in their iianiis. The State owes .$3,011,858 71 of turnpiUe, railway, and canal stock. The gross income of public 
works, for the year l!-50, was $72S,085 72. Total value of taxable properly, real and personal, was $439,876,840, upon 
which the State tax was $1,413,830 42. The total valuation of property, in 184-1, was $130,142,666, and tbe taxes levied 
$948,996 13. showing an immense septennial increase, as compared with tlie valuation and taxation of 1S50. The number 
and value of domestic animals in the State by the assessors forlS50, were as follows : horses 513,052, valued at $19,142,789; 
mules 2,180, valued at $8G,S2S ; cattle 1,103,811, valued at $11,315,560 ; sheep 8,812,70", valued at $1,9S4,98;3 ; liogs, 1,672,17S, 
valued at $1,902,029. Total valuation of domestic animals, $34,482,189. The whole vakte of personal propei ty, exclusive 
of the above, upon the duplicates, was $98,487,502. These numbers and values, it will be perceived, difler essentially from 
those given in tJie census of the same year by the United States authorities. 

.^oni:.?.— According to returns made to the office of the Auditor of the Slate, on the 1st August, 1851, the condition of 
the banks was as follows: 

EESOtrncES. 12 independent Banks. 41 Brnnclies of St.ile BanWa. 5 Old Banks. 

Notes and bills discounted $2,670,872 84 $11,218,205 64 $3,053,635 09 

Specie 818.300 44 2,008.059 75 *J8,.384 25 

Notes of other banks, etc 241,643 55 710,199 06 2S9,C38 00 

Dae from other banks and bankers 242,873 66 685,473 68 256.S."5 21 

Eastern deposits 394,840 65... 1,641.900 39 470.392 18 

Checks and other cash items 29,092 82 45,891 53 63,371 68 

Bonds deposited with Slate Treasurer ;. 1,466,430 88 922,328 40 — 

Eeal estate and personal property 113,095 92 199.274 76 149,002 04 

Other resources 65,149 64 270,941 50 132,.573 25 



Total resources $6,536,469 10 $17,602,274 66 $5,443,731 TO 

LIABIUTIES. 

Capital stock paid in $864,630 00 $4,836,240 00 $1,923,926 00 

Circulation 1,375,295 00 8,623,702 60 1,636,784 00 

Safety Fund 1,262.310 83 58.246 94 — 

Due to banks and bankers 269,474 S4 !«4,973 98 502,670 33 

Due to individual depositors 1,610,963 14 3,005,006 58 1,000,198 89 

Surplus and undivided profits 25.1+4 10 225.681 .39 337,1.30 04 

Eills payable and lime drafts 112,071 33 135.S40 81 1.5,975 00 

Discounts, inlerest, etc 71,726 31 238,149 06 12.390 19 

Dividends unpaid 12,986 93 22,821 80 0,764 50 

•Other liabilities 31,856 97 1,611 50 7,885 75 



TotalliabUlties $5,686,469 10 .$17,502,274 56 $5,443,731 70 

—thus it appears that the aggregate capital of the Ohio bants is $7,614,756 ; specie, $2,759,743 ; circulation, $13,636,731 ; 
and discounts, $17,542,112. 

Federal Bepre.ienhition.—la accordance with the act passed on the 23d May, 1850, apportioning representatives to 
Congress, Ohio is eiditlcd to twentij-one members. 

Educatiun.—Tbi: whole number of '■ common school"' distrioLs in the State, in 1850, was 9,590, and of fractional districts 
1,342. The number of common schools was 12,279, taught by 7,924 male and 6,168 female teachers. Knrolled scholars, 
421,783— m.ales, 236,827 and females, lvl,9n6; average daily attendance <ir scholars, 337,875— males 190,891, and females, 
146.984. Wages paid to teachers from pulilic funds, $500,469 IG— males, $393,642 09 and females, $112,827 07; and paid 
from other sources, $12.5.652 57— males, $100,049 44 and females, $25,603 13 : total $032,121 7.3— males, $493,691 53 and 
females. $188,4.30 20. School-lumses built (luring the ye.ir, 24S— expense, $64,823 22. Amount of building fun.Is raised, 
$76,345 47 ; amount of tax on duplicates, $309,408 65 ; and received by reporting counties from State fund, $148,048 63 : 
total from all sources, $560,764 99. 

The principal " collegiate establishments" in Ohio are— Ohio University, at Athens, founded 1804 ; Miami (^Auoc. Jlef) 
University, at Oxford, founded 1S09 ; Franklin College, at New Athens, founded 1325 ; Western Eeserve (Preshi/lmnn) 
College, at Hudson, founded 1826 ; Kenyon (^Episeopat) College, at Gambler, founded 182" ; Granville {Bnptisf) College, 
at Granville, founded 1881 ; Marietta College, at M.arietta, founded 1S35 ; Olierlin (Cmigregational) College, at Obcrlin, 
founded li&i ; Cincinnati College, at Cincinnati, founded 1819, which in 1850 hail S professors and 84 students, and in 
the law department 3 professors and 25 students; St. Xavier (ftmi. Calh.) College, at Cincinnati, founded 1840 ; Wood- 
ward College, at Cincinnati, founded 1831: Ohio Weslcyau University, at Delaware, founded 1842; and Wittenberg 
(Cki-istian) College, at Spriugfleld, founded 1845. The statistics of these several institutions, m 1850, were as follows : 

Colleges. frof. Stu. Lib. Colleges. ProC 

Kenyon 5 .... 60 .... 7,000 St. Xavier 18., 

Granville 4 35 5,000 Woodward 6.. 

Marietta 6 .... 56 .... 6,400 O. Wesl. Univ. . . 9.. 

Oberlin 12 .... 60 ... . 4,200 Wittenberg 7 . . 

Theological departments are atlached to Kenyon, Western Kescrve, GranvUle, Oberlin, and Wittenberg, and tliere are 

621 



C7lle.e». 


liof. 


Slu. 


l.iii. 


Ohio Univ 


. . . 5 . . 


. 20 .. 


..5,000 


Miami Univ.. . 


... C .. 


. 66 .. 


. . 8,000 


Franklin 


... 4 .. 


. . 80 . . 


. . 2,200 


W. Keserve . . . 


... 8 .. 


.67 .. 


.. 8,000 



Stu. 


I-ib. 


70 .. 


. . 6,300 


19 .. 


.. 1,400 


40 .. 


.. 3,700 


87 .. 


.. 4,600 



OHIO. 



The 



Granvillo 1S32 

Oberlin 1S84 



9uJ^ Associate Kcformed.. 1889 



i. Prof. 


Stu. 


Library. 


2 ... 


.. 8 ... 


... 500 


3 ... 


.. 20... 


... 250 


1 ... 


. . 12 . . 


... 1,000 



Iiane Seminary, al Ciuciunati, and the Tbeological Seminary of the Associate Reformed Church, at Oxford. 
6tatistii-3 of these are as fjllows : 

Names. Fuunded. Prof. Stu, Librnry 

Lane Seminary 1829 3 36 10,500 

Kenyon 192S 4 4 4,500 

■Western Ucserve 1830 3 U . . . . 

The mi'dical schools within the State, ami their statistirs for 1^51, are — the Western Reserve Medical Cdle^e, at Cteve- 
land, foinuie'I in 1S44 (6 professors, 2(l'2 students, ami 411 graduates); the Medical School of Ohio, at Cincinnati, foniided 
1S19 (8 prcffMsnrs, 130 students, and 381 graduates); Weslt^rn College of Homo?opatliic Medicine, at Cleveland, foundrtl 
1850 (S profesanrs, 62 students, and 17 graduates) ; Starling Medical College, at Columbua, founded 1847 (S professora, 
124 students, and 53 graduates). 

Besides the above, there arc in all the largo towns numerous academic and denominational schools, etc., supported 
partly l>y endowment and partly by charges for education. Among these the Roman Catholic convents, nui.neries, 
schools, etc., are conspicuous, and as a general fact these are bettor conducted, more extended in their curricula, and, 
aside from their religious bearing, everywhere unexceptionable and worthy of imiUition by all sectiirics. 

Pithllc Lihruries.—One State library— 12,500 volumes; S social— 21,295 volumes; 13 college— 35.510 volumes; 19 
student— 20,205 vohimes ; 3 academic and professional— 12,629 volumes; 1 scienlific and historical — 10,000 volumes; 8 
pubhc school — 1,595 volumes. Total libraries 4S, and volumes 104,6;34. — Report of Librarian of SmWisonian Inntitute, 

Periodical Press. — The whole number of periodicals published in the State, on the 1st June, 1S50, was 302, of which 
108 advocated whig and 98 democratic princi|>les, and 106 were neutral in politics, or devoted to science, religion, 
literature, etc. Of the whole number 2S were published daily, circulating at each issue 90.656 copies, or 29,214,323 copies 
annually ; 6 tri-weekly, 1,961 copies, or 305,915 annually ; 4 semi-weekly, 2,S00 copies, or 291.200 annually ; 322 weekly, 
211,S63 copies, or 11,016,824 annually; 7 semi-monthly, 32,920 copies, or 7»0,0SO annually; and 20 monthly, 65,500, or 
786,000 annually. Total copies issued animally.42,404,34**. The counties and number of periodicals issued in each was — 
Adams, t w. ; Allen, 1 w. ; Ashland, 2 w. ; Ashtabula, 8 w. ; Athens, 1 w. ; Auglaize, 2 w. ; Belmont, 2 w. and 1 m. ; 
Brown and Butler, each 3 w. ; Carrol! and Champaign, each 2 w. ; Clark, 1 I.-w. and 4 w. t Clermont and Clinton, each 
2 w. ; Columbiana, 6 w. ; Coshocton, 2 w. and 1 6.-m. ; Crawford, 1 w. ; Cuyahoga, 3 d. and 5 w. ; Darke, Defiance, and 
Delawai'c. each 2 w. ; Erie, 2 d.,3 w., and 1 m. ; Fairfield, 2 d. and 3 w. ; Fayette, 1 w. ; Franklin, 2 d.. 2 t.-w.. 6 w.,2m., 
and 1 occasionally ; Gallia and Geauga, each 2 w. ; Greene, 1 w. ; Guernsey, 2 w. ; Uamilton (Cincinnati), S d., 1 t.-w., 32 w., 
1 8.-m., and 14 m. ; Hanocck, 3w. ; Harrison, Hardin, Highland, and Hocking, each 2 w. ; Holmes, 3 w.: Huron and 
Jackson, each 2 w. ; Jefferson, 6 w. ; Knox, G w. ; Lake and Lawrence, each 1 w. : Licking, 2 s.-w. and 4 w. ; Logan, 2 w. ; 
Lorain, 2 w. and 1 s.-m. ; Luca3, 2 d., 2 I.-w., and 3 w. ; Madison, 1 w. ; Mahoning, Marion, and Medina, each 2 w. ; Meigs 
and Mercer, each 1 w. ; Miami, 1 e.-w., 5 w., :ind 1 m. ; Monroe. 1 w. ; Montgomery, 4'd. and 6 w. ; Morgan and Morrow, 
each 2 w. ; Muskingum, 1 d., 1 t-w., 6 w., and 1 annually ; Perry, 2 w. ; Pickaway, 1 s.-w. and 3 w. ; Pike, 1 w. : Portage, 
8 w. ; Preble, 2 w. ; Putnam, 1 w. ; Kichland, 5 w. : Ross, 2 d. and 4 w. ; Sandusky, 3 w. ; Scioto, 2 d. and 2 w. ; Seneca 
4 w. ; Shelby. 2 w. ; Stark, 6 w. ; Summit, 3 w. and 1 s.-m. ; Trumbull and Tuscarawas, each 3 w. ; Union, 1 w. ; Van 
■Wert, 2 w. ; Vinton, 1 w. ; Warren, 2 w. and 1 m. ; Washington, Wayne, and Williams, each 2 w., and Wood, 1 weekly. 

Mel'igious Deno7ni7uitions. — The statistics of the several religious denominations, according to the census returns of 
1850; are exhibited in the annexed form : 



Denomina- ^ 


11. ..f 


Cl.i.rcli 


Value or 


Denomina- No. of 


Church 


Value of 


Denomina- No. of 


Church 


Value of 


lions. Oil 


irclien 


niri.m. 


Property. 


tions. Cliurclies 


. accoin. 


Properly. 


lions. Cli 


urchefc 


acc-m. 


Properly. 


Baptist 


545. 


lS.t,093.. 


$593,730 


GermnEef. Tl.. 


26,315. 


. $71,860 


E. Catholic. 


130.. 


76.215.. 


$763307 


Christian . . . 


90. 


30,190.. 


56,155 


Jewish 8.. 


1,300. 


29,000 


Swedenb'g . 


2.. 


700.. 


15,800 


Congregafl. 


100. 


41.920.. 


20T,SSO 


Lulher.nn... 269.. 


90,348. 


259,975 


Tunlcer. 


10.. 


4.550.. 


9,978 


Dutch Rel.. 


5. 


1,1.50.. 


2,600 


Mennonite. 9.. 


1,730. 


1,.825 


Union 


48.. 


18,646.. 


37,900 


Episcopal . . 


79. 


31,975.. 


867,425 


MiHhndist. . 1,520. . 


539,840. 


1,642.181 


Unilarian. . . 


1.. 


650.. 


15,000 


Free 


18. 


5,100.. 


9,550 


Moravian.. 153.. 


49.545. 


93.072 


Universalis!. 


63.. 


20.765.. 


100,590 


Friends.... 


94. 


30,S6G. . 


8-2,175 


rrcsbytcr"n. 659.. 


271,499. 


1,388,199 


Minor Sects. 


41.. 


20,250.. 


111,950 



— making a total of 3,?90 chujrehes, having accommodation for 1,447,652 persons, and owning property to the vahie of 
$5,765,149. The Slate forms a diocese of the Protestant Episcopal Church, and comprises the Komau Catholic archdio- 
cese of Cinciimati: ae'l the suffragan diocese of Cleveland. The towns of Conngton and Newport, in Kentucky, and the 
adjacent territory for three miles, belong also to the province of Cincinnati. 

Pauperism and Crime.— The whole number of paupers that received assistance and support within the year ending 
Ist June, 1S50, was 2.513, of which 1,904 were native-bom, and 609 foreigners ; and the whole number on the rolls on the 
1st June as aforesaid, Was 1,673, of which 1.254 were native-born, and 419 (oreiguers. Annual cost of support, $95,250. 
From the report of the attorney-general it appears that during the year 1S50 there were 2,O0S prosecutions, 1,273 convic- 
tions, and 205 acquittals. The punishments were- penitentiary for life, 3; for ten years and over, 6; and for under ten 
years lis ; and 221 were sent to the county jails. The amount of fines was $14,224 53, of costs $19,290 60, and of c<)l- 
lectable costs $9,076 OS. The Ohio penitentiary, on the 30th November, 1S49, contained 336 convicts; admitted during 
the year 193, and discharged 105, leaving 424 in confinement at the end of the official year 1S50. Of those discharged, 
42 was by expiration of sentence, 32 by pardon, 21 by death, 5 by writ of error, 2 by pardon of President of the United 
Suites, and 3 escaped ; and of the 193 committed 145 were convicted of offenses against properly, 7 of arson, 13 of forgery, 
and 32 of offenses against the person. Receipts from oouvict labor $35,740 74, and expenses of maintaining prison 
$26,877 56— balance in favor of prison $S,S63 IS. There is a library of nearly S,000 volumes connected with the prison, 
for the use of the conyicts. 

Biist'Orical Sketch. — As a district territory, Ohio dates from the first year <.f the present century. Previous to this tirae 
it constituted a portion of the "Territory North-west of the Ohio," over which Congress had exercised jurisdiction 
since 17S7. 

The French were the first to explore the waters of the Ohio. In 1 6S0, La Salle traversed the tract between the lakes and the 

Mississippi, and for upward of half a century Frenchmen seem to have been llie only visitors of this region. Their object was 

the fur trade ; nor did they, like their English neighbors, manifest any disposition to appropriate the country by settlements. 

Within the actual limita of Ohio, indeed, no settlements appear to have been ever made by the French, About the middle 

622 



OHIO. 

of the eighteentb cenlury, a controversy, betwcea (he Canadian traders and Iho English, respecting this counlry. sprung 
np and finally invulved both nations in war. and ended only with the overthrow of French power iu America. The 
charters of many of the British provinces extended tlieir claims to ihe Pacific, and their settlements hud proceeded grad- 
u;dly westward. The French claims, on the other Iiand, proceeded frnm north to south, and consequently intiTsected thuse 
of the English, or, as respects actual occupation, tlieir possessions formed a cordon round those of the English. In 1750, 
an a:^sticiation, chiefly residing in Virginia and England, obliuned from the crown u grant of GOO,u<Hi acres lying In the 
country claimed by both nations, Trading houses were immediately established, and surveys conimeuced, of which 
measures Ihe governor of Canada, soon became acquainted. France and England being theu at peace, remuustrancea 
were made on the subject, but expostulation and threats Iiaving had no effect, the Freneh seized two Eriiish suhj.-ets. who 
were found trading with the Indians, and sent them to Prosque Isle, on Lal;e Erie, where a strong fort had l>ecn erected. 
This and other acts of violence determined the governor of Virginia to send an officer to the French posts. The illustrious 
■W;v^hillglon, then a major of nulilia, was commissioned for the jturpose, who. after great difficulties, delivered a letter to 
the roumianilant. at a fort on the river La Bceuf, requiring him to withdraw from the British territory on the Ohio. Tho 
answer was of such a nature that, on the return of Wjisbington, the Virginia legislature caused a regiment to bo raised, 
in which he received the second command. In April, 17.M, his chief having died, the command devolved upon himself, 
and he. with two companies, advanced into the disputed country ; but, on his route to the head of the Alleghany and 
Monongahela. was attacked by a superior force, and compelled to surrender. Soon after this event, open war waa 
declared, and the Uritish govcrunienl sent out a powerful force under General Braddock. The olijecl of the campaign of 
17.^5 was the capture of Fort Dii Quesne, and the secure possession of the counlry on the Ohio. The expedition was unsuc- 
cessful, and the French maintained possession of the country until the surrender of Canaila in 1703, which mciuded also 
the whole counlry westward Ut the Mississippi. 

From whatever cause, though now thrown open to the American trade, the beautiful valley of the Ohio was left in undis- 
turbed occupancy of its original inhabitants. The government, indccil, seems to have had no disposition to encourage 
settlement. The Imlians were still numerous and powerful, and, on the breaking out of the Ilevulution, M'ere incited by 
the British against the frontier settlers, and committed many barbarous excesses. During alf this period occupancy was 
impossible. The treaty of peace, although it transferred the sovereignty of the country, yet left it subject to Indian depre- 
dation, and it was not until 17S7 that any settlement was begun within the limits of the present State. Previous to that 
year, the right of soil, subject to the Indian title, was claimed by several of the States, as having passed to tliem by their 
charters, anrl soon after the peace of 17S3 jealousies had arisen in consequence of the vast extent of these posscasions, 
■which were only allayed by the cession of the whole to the United Stales. Virginia, however, reserved a portion of land 
(3,709,S4S acres) near Ihe rapids of the Ohio for her State troops, and Connecticut a tract near Lake Erie (3,660.921 
acres). These were sulisequently confirmed to the several claimants. In ISOO, jurisdiction over these reservations was 
also relinquished by the States owning them, reserving to themselves claim to the soil. Other tracts, known as Symmes' 
purchase (2S4,69S acres), {m<l the Ohio Company's purchase (1,144,509 acres), were subsequently recognized, as were also 
several iadividnal claims. It now remained for the United States to purchase from the Indians the soil and right of 
possession, which, owing to the hostility of these people, was not completely effected for many years, nor until much blood 
had been shed on both sides. In 17S7, Congress began to exercise jurisdiction over the territory. A territorial govern- 
ment was instituted consisting of a governor, secretary, and three judges, who, in addition to their ordinary functit>ns, had, 
also a partial legislative power. The officers appointed under these provisions administered the government of the 
■whole t^-rritorj' until 1799. During a greater part of the period of tlic temporary government, a harassing warfare was kept 
up with the Indians, uistigated, if not assisted, by the British. In 1791, General St. Clair, who had been sent against the 
Miamis, was surprised and totally routed. This disaster operated as a serious check upon the progress of settlement. In 
1794, however, a decided victory was obtained by General Wayne, and in the succeeding year hostilities were sus|)endcd, 
and the treaty of Greenville terminated the war. Ohio was now free from savage incursion, and began to prosper; 
settlements which had been suspended recommenced with increased vigor. Up to the year 17S7, only 118,582 acres of 
land had been sold by the general government — none was disposed of between that ])eriod and 1799, in whieii year 040 
acres were sold. In ISOO, 70,948 acres were disposed of; in ISOl, 4S6,7S7 acres, and up to ISIO, 2.833,062 acres had been 
sold. To 1S20, the total dispositions amounted to fl,705,301 acres ; to 1830, to 8,224,495 acres ; to 1840, to 13,1S0,.^77 acres, 
and to 1S49, there only renuiined in the hands of the government 509,230 acres. The aggregate disposed of to tlie latter 
period was 25,007,730 acres, viz., sold, 12,490.215 acres : donated— to schools, 075,094 ; to colleges, 24,320 : to internal im- 
provements, 1.200,051, and to individuals, 82,141 ; military bounties— old war, 1,301,326 ; war of 1812, 63,842. and Mexican 
■fl-'ar, 49,429; reservations— salaries, 24.21G ; Indians, 10,331, and companies, 8,805.976 (including Virginia and Connecticut 
reserves, etc.) : private clauns. 20,460; swamp Liu ds (granted to State), 303,329 acres. Thus it will be seen that, in fifty 
years from the institution of u regular representative government, the whole land has been virtually taken up, and gene- 
rally settled upon. 

In 1799 Ihe North-western Tcrrit<_.ry, having a sufficient population, was admitted to a second grade of territorial gov- 
ernment, which entitled it to a representative body, composed uf dilogates chosen by the people, and a council apponued 
by Congress from nominations maite by the House of Ueprosentatives. Shortly after, the countr;^ composing the StJite of 
Ohio was detached from the general territory, aiid formed into a distinct government. On the 8oth April, 1S02. on the 
petition of the people. Congress passed a law enabling them to form a constitution and State government, and the condi- 
tions prescribed by that act having been complied with. Ohio became a sovereign Slate and member of the Union in 1808. 

Thus admitted to the privileges of self-government, the growtli of Ohio has been uninte^r^^pled. No other State of the 
Union has surpassetl it in rapidity of progress. The disposition of its lan<Is, and the populati-m at decennial periods 
(before "given), show an augnunitation unparalleled in hist(>ry. Its position with respect to the old States may in some 
measure account for this, but it has had many disadvanlJiges to contend with. The first pioneers had no steam horses to 
drag them to th ir desert home, no steamboats to skim their river.-^, nor telegraphs whereby to communicate with their 
friends in the east. Their journcyings were toilsome and their fare hard, n<ir was there rest for them when their travels 
ended ; the In<lian met them with menace, and the thick fi^rrsls had to be hewn through before a crop could be planted. 
How different the thingsof to-day, when the immigrant has little more to do than throw himself in a well paddt'd car, and 
J)e set down at his future residence without trouble of any sort, the wide prairie ready to receive the seed of his first har- 
vest, and a thriving country around him. These matters ou£;htto be considere<l when the settlement and progress of Ohio 
are compared with those of other States. It was not until the year 1S25 that any road was built from the sea-board States 
into Ohio. On the 4th July of that year the ceremony of breaking ground on tho National Eoad west of tho Ohio was 

623 



om 



OHl 



cclebraleil. On the same day ground was broken at Licking Summit fur the, construction of the Ohio Cunal. To-daJ 
canals, railroads, turnpikes, and every means and mode of Iransportutinn end travel aru open to all parb», ami enjoyed by 
the people in a greater degree than in most other States of the Union, and certainly than in any European country, with 
the exception of Great Eriiain. 
CoLUiiBcs, on the east side of the Scioto Eiver, is the political capital of the State, 



Ohio county, Ind, Situate 8. E., and contains 93 sq. m. 
Drained by Laughery cr, and other small streams of the 
Ohio r., which runs on its eastern border. Surface in gen- 
eral hilly ; soil of average fertility. The county is well Um- 
bered. Chief productions, wheat and Indian corn. Farms 
886; manuf. 84; dweU. 946, and pop.— wh. 5,299, IV. col. 
ll_total D,3Xi}. Capital: Kiein« Sun. 

Ohio county, Ky. Situate toward the N. TY., and eon- 
tains 723 sq. m. Drained by Rough cr., a branch of Green 
r., and its branches. Surface level ; soil generally fertile, 
and highly productive. Staples, tobacco, Indian corn, pwk, 
etc. Farms 1.122; manuf. 24; dwell. 1,42.'), and pop.— wh. 
8,563, n-. col. 49, si. 1.132— total 9,749. Capital : Hartford. 

Onio county. Virg. Situate N. W., and contains 112 
eq. m. Drained by Wheeling cr. and other small streams, 
which enter the Ohio r. on its W. border. Surface in gen- 
eral broken and hilly ; soil fertile, and on the banks of the 
Ohio are some fine tracts of land. Chief productions, wheat 
and Indian com. It contains a large quantity of bituminous 
coal, and some iron. Farms 876 ; manuf. 143 ; dwell. 3,097, 
and pop.— wh. 17,607, fr. col. 235, si. 114— total 13,006. Cap- 
ital: Wheeling. FuUicWorks: Baltimore and Ohio E. E., 
etc. ; Hempfleld R. R. 

Ohio, t. and p. v., Herkimer co., y, Y. : 60 m. N. W. Al- 
bany. Drained by West Canada cr. and its branches. Sur- 
face very hilly ; soil good. There are several mills in the 
town. The v. is small, and centrally situated. Population 
of 1 1,051. 

Ohio, p. v., Andrew co,, Mo. : 276 m. N. W. Jefferson 
City. 

Omo river: a large river of the United Stales which sep- 
arates the states of Virginia and Kentucky from Ohio, 
Indiana, and Illinois, second in importance only to the 
Mississippi, is formed by the confluence of Alleirliany river 
from the N.. and Monongahela from the S.. at Piltsburg, in 
the western part of Pennsylvania. The Alleghany r. rises 
in Potter co.. Pa., on the W. side of the Alleghany mount- 
ains, flows into the State of New York, and returns into 
Pennsylvania, and is the most important tributary of the 
Ohio. It is navigable for boats of a hundred tons, and of a 
light draft to Glean, Cattaraugus co., N. Y., 270 ra. from its 
mouth in the Oliio, 600 feet above the level of the river at 
Pittsburg, 1,2S0 feet above the level of the ocean, and 2,500 
miles from the Gulf of Mexico. The Monongahela rises in 
Virginia, and where it unites with the Alleghany is more 
than 400 yards wide. It is navigable at a good stage of the 
water for large boats, 100 m. fl'om its mouth. The Alle- 
ghany, though not larger than the Monimgahela at the junc- 
tion, is the more important stream, Immediately below the 
junction, the Ohio is over 600 yards wide, and is a placid 
and beautiful slream. At Pittsburg it is 680 feet above tide- 
water ; at the mouth of tlie Muskingum, 541 feet; at the 
mouth of the Scioto, 464 feet ; at Cincinnati, 414 feet; at its 
mouth in the Mississippi. 300 feet. Its length from Pitts- 
burg to its mouth, is generally stated at 959 m. ; but the 
distance in a direct course is about 614 m. Its average de- 
Bcent is not quite five inches in a mile. The French called 
it la heUe rimere., or the beautifid river; hut its name, 
acconling to Heckewelder, is derived from tho Indian word 
Ohiopekhanne, meaning a very white stream, alluding to 
the while caps with which its gentle surface is covered in a 
high wind, omitting all but its first part for ease of pronun- 
ciation. The Ohio, for some di.stance below Pittsburg, is 
rapid, and the navigation interrupted allow water by chains 
of rocks extending across the bed of the river. The scenery 
Is exceedingly beautiful, though deficient in grandeur, ex- 
hibiting great aameaeas. The hills, two or three hundred 
624 



feet high, approach the river, and confine it on either side. 
Their tops have usually a rounded and graceful form, and 
are covered with the verdure of an almost unbroken foresL 
Approaching Cincinnati, the scenery becomes sLill more 
monotonous. The hills recede from the river, and are less 
elevated. Ileavy forests cover the banks, and limit the 
prospect, but exhibiting a beautiful verdure, and often exu- 
berant with blossoms. The river exhibits the s-ime scenery, 
as we continue t"> descend it, except that the hills become 
less bold and rocky. Cities, villages and farm-houses are 
passed through the whole course of the river ; but as the 
bottom-lands on its immediate margin are liable to be over- 
flowed, the inhabitants prefer to settle a little back from tho 
river, so (hat the dwellings in view do not correctly exhibit 
the population in the vicinity. Between Pittsburg and the 
mouth of the Ohio, there are as many aa 100 considerable 
islands, besides a great number of sand-bars and tow-heads. 
These last are low sandy islands, incapable of cultivation, 
and covered with willows. Some of the islands 'are of ex- 
quisite beauty, and furnish desirable situations fur a relired 
residence. The principal tributaries of the Ohio are tho 
Muskingum, Great Kanawha, Big Sandy, Scioto, Great 
Miami, Kentucky, Green, Wabash, Cuuiberland, and Ten- 
nessee. The last three are the most import;int, of which 
the last is the largest. One remarkable circumstance ri> 
specting the Ohio, as well as other western rivers, is its 
great elevations and depressions. In Ihe summer and 
autumnal months, it often dwindles to a small stream, afford- 
ing limited facilities for navigation. Among the hills of 
Pennsylvania and Virginia, it is seen rippling over chains 
of rocks, through which a passage is barely afl'nrdud to 
boats of the lightest burden. Farther down, saud-b.irs 
either extend across the stream, or project into the bed of 
the river. Steamboats are sometimes grounded on the bars, 
where they are obliged to wait in peril fur the periodical 
rise of the river. The lowest water is generally in tho 
months of July, August, and SeptCiiiber. The melting of 
the snows in tho spring and heavy rains in autumn or win- 
ter, fill the river to overflowing, and many of its islands and 
the bottoms on its margin are covered with water. These 
rises are generally gradual, and attended with no danger. 
As the waters rise, trade and n.ivigation are quickened into 
activity ; the largest steamboats, often of large tonnage, 
now float in security. The average rise of the water from low 
water mark is 50 feet, but in the year 1S32 an extraordinary 
flood was experienced. Tne river began to rise early in 
February, and on the ISth of that month it was 63 feet 
above low water mark, and the lower parts of Cincinnati 
and Co\'ington were flooded. The river here is 1,006 feet 
wide, and the velocity of the stream at its height 6 1-5 miles 
per hour. The water discharged by the rise of tho river 
nliove low water mark alone, would flll a lake of one square 
mile in surface, 107 feet deep, in one hour. The surface 
drained by the Ohio and its numerous tributaries is about 
77,000 sq. ra. ; and water four indies in depth on this sur- 
face would be sufBcient to maintain the river at the above 
height and velocity for fourteen days. Such a flood as this 
has scarcely been known since the first settlement of the 
country. There are no considerable falls in the river, cx- 
' cepting at Louisville, Ky., where it descends 22J feet in tho 
I course of two miles. Even over these boats pass in high 
I water. But they have been obviated by a canal around 
them, which adraitsof the passage of the largest steamboats. 
The current of the Ohio is very gentle ; at the mean height 
I of Ihe river the current is about 3 miles an hour, at high 
water it is more, but at low water not more than two milesi 
] During five or six weeks in winter, tho narigulion a ol> 



oni 



OLD 



structed by floatine: ice. The Ohio nnd its tributaries tinvc 
not los3 tjj:ni 5,000 miles of narisrible wattrs. The fol- 
lowing distances have been derived fmm ^ood aulhnrity, 
and are doubfltss correct. From Pitlsbiir;; to Rteubenville, 
O.. is TO miles; tn Wheeling, Va., 92 miles; to Marietta, 
O.. 174 miles; to Gallipolis, O., 2(UJ miles; to rortsmonlh, 
O., 349 miles; In MaysviUe, Ky., 307 miles; to C'ineinnali, 
O., 455^ miles ; to Lawreneeburj*, la., 4T0.i miles ; to Louis- 
ville, Ky., 5^7 miles; to New Albany, la., Wl miles; to the 
mouth of Cumberland river, Ky.. 900 miles; moiUli of Ten- 
nessee river. Ky., OllJ- miles; month of Ohio ^r-,0 miles. 
Distances nftvigable by steam on the principal branche.s <if 
the Ohio river : Tennes-^^e, 720 miles ; Cumberland, 4*)0 miles ; 
Wabash. 400 miU^s ; Orecn, 150 miles ; Salt, S5 miles; Ken- 
tiielfy. ti'J miles; ?^cioto, 50 miles; Bie: Sandy, 50 miles; 
Kanawha, 05 miles; Muskingum^ 70 miles; Monongahela, 
GO miles ; Alleghany, 200 miles. 

Oino CiTV, p. V. and enp. Mississippi eo., 3fo. : 195 m. 
S. K. Jefferson City, on an elevateil b:lnk on W. side of the 
Missis.sippi r.,'2s m. below and oiipositc Cairo, in lllinnis, 
and Contains the eonrt-hi>use and usual number of public 
bnildin^s. It is in a flourishing condilion, and bids fair to 
become a oonsidwable place. 

(inro City, p. v., Cuyahoga co., 0?do: at the mouth of 
f'uyahoga r., (tpposilo Cleveland, and on Lake Erie, 136 m. 
>'. E. Colnmlnis. It may be considered as a suburb of 
Cleveland, with whieh it is connected by bridges, over one 
of which the Cleveland, Columbus, and Cincinnati R. II. 
pa.s.ses. The ground on which it stands is uneven, and pre- 
sents many line building sites. It contains several f(umdries, 
funiaees, mechanic shojts, etc., and is a well built aTid regu- 
larly pluiuied place. Its commerce on the lakes is large, 
bulls so blended with that of Cleveland as to admit of no 
separate stalistic.'d exjiibit. I'bpulaUon, which includes also 
that of Brooklyn town, 0.375.* 

< )ino Farm. p. v., Kendall co., III. : in the S. part of co., 
103 ra. N. N. E. Springfield. 

Omo Gkove, p. c, Dc Kalb co., UK : IGl m. N. N. E. of 
Sppingticld. 

OinoviLLK, p. v., Beaver co., Penn. : 2 m. N. of the Ohio 
r., 1S7 m. llarri.sburg. It contains about 200 inhabitants. 

OuL's Town, p. c, Trumbull county, Ohio: 149 m. N. E. 
Columbus. 

Onooi'EK river, Ga. : rises in Wa-^'hington co., flows S. E., 
forming the division between Emanuel and Montgomery 
connliea, and pa.*3ing through Tatnali. empties into the Ala- 
lamaha. This is ihe only considerable tributary of the Alata- 
maha, and is navigable 40 miles. 

Oil Ci!1-ek. t. and p. o., Crawf<ird county, PeJin. : 1"I m. 
N. W. Harrisburg. Drainfi! by Oil cr. and its branches. 
Surface undulating, W4th good wood; soil average fertility. 
Oil cr. affords bituminous oil, which is valuable in pharmacy. 
Tr<jn oro is found in the vicinity. The v. of Titusvilio is in 
8. of t.. near the creek. Bop. of t. about 775. 

Oil creek, Pernu: enters the Alleghany river, 8 m. E. 
Franklin. It derives its name from a spring on its bank, 
on the surface of which floata an oil valuable fur its medi- 
cinal qualities. 

Oil Mills, p. o., CLirk co., J^i/.: 37 m. S. E. Frankfort. 

Oil Mill Village, p. v. and sta.,* Hillsboro' county, 
1,1 Ilaiiip. : on a branch of the Mcrrimac r., on the line of the 
N-^w Hampshire Central K. K., Jl m. from Manchester, and 
17 m. S. Concord. 

Oil Si'Bino Reservation, JV. Y. An Indian reservation 
about X m. square. It contains a pool of water, the surface 
covered with an oily substance much used for its cure of 
different diseases in man and beasL Situate in the towns of 
Cuba andlliusdale. 

Oil Though, p. o., Indcpei^ence co., Arl\: on the S. 
bank of Arkansas r., 75 m. N. N. E. Little Kock. 

Okaiiumka, p. 0., Marion county, Flor.: 165 ra. S. E.» 
Tallahassee. 

Okanosubee river, Ala. : is formc<l in Miss, by the junc- 

40 



IImu of ilie N(.xul>ee. Dancing: Babbit., Tlor^e liunler, and 
other creeks, flows S. E. into Sumter eo., A%a., and untcrs 
the Tombigbce at Gainesville. 

OKAriLcn. p. v., Lowndes co., Ga. : on Okapilco r., 157 ra. 
8. by W. Mil!.-di:eville. 

Okaw, p. o., Washington CO., 7?^..- near Elkhorn cr.,97 m- 
S. SpringHeld. 

OKArcnEE, p. 0., Waukesha county, T17-;f. .* 5S m. E. 
Madison. 

Okolona, p. 0., Chieka?aw 'County, Miin. : 110 in. N. E. 
Jackson. 

Okoxagon river, Orf(/. Ter. : rises in the British po.-i^s-s- 
sions, flows S., and enters Clark's fork of Columbia, at Fort 
Okonagan. 

Oktiburiia county, Mif^^. Bituate toward the N. E., and 
contains 018 sq. pi. Drained by Oktilibeha r. and its tribu- 
taries. Surface even; soil deep calcareous, and adapted to 
cotton and grain. Farms 560 ; manuf. 13 ; dwell. 714, and ' 
pop.— wh. 4,309, fr. col. IS, si. 4,844— total 0,171. GapiUil: 
Starksville. 

Olamon, p. v., Penobscot co., J/^. ; on the left bank of the 
Penobscot r., 2 uh N. of the mouth of Ulamou r., and 84 m. 
N. E. Augusta. 

Olcott p. v., Ningara co., K Y. : close on the S. shore of 
Lake Ontario, 259 m. W. by. N. Albany. 

Old Bhidge. p. v., Middlesi-x eo., y^J. : on South r., and 
near the Camden and Aniboy K. i;., 24 m. N. E. Trenton. 

Olb Cedar Springs, p. o., Spartanburg dist., K Otr. ; 
79 ra. N. W. Columbia. 

Old CnuEcn, p. v., Hanover county, Virr/. : 13 m. N. E. 
Richmond. 

Old Coout House, p. o., Bryan co., Ga.: 127 m. S. E. 
Mlllcdgeville. 

Oldenuurg, p. v., Franklin co., Ltd.: on a branch of 
Salter., 55 m. S. E. Indianapolis. 

OLDENuur.G, p. o., Smith county, T<xc.: 209 m. N. E. 
Austin. 

Oi.DFiEi.D PoEK or Elk. p. 0., Pocabontas co., Virg.: 
15S m. W. N. "W. llichmond. 

Old Forge, p. o., Luzerne county, Penn.: 170 m. N. E. 
Harrisburg. 

Old Foet, p. o., M'DowcIl county, A'. Car. : 102 m. W. 
Harrisburg. 

Old Fort, p. v., Centre co., Penn.: on the Belle Fonle 
posl-roati, 57 m. N. W^ Harrisburg. 

Old FuimACE, p. o., Gaston co,, A''. Car. : 133 m. W. S. W. 
Baleigh. 

Olduam county, Kf/. Situate N., and contains 17s sq. ra. 
Drained by liead branches of Floyd's (^irk of Salt r., Uar- 
rod's, and olhef small creeks. Surface level, excei)ting on 
the Ohio, where it is rising and presents high blulVs to the 
river. Soil in general fertile, and the land well adapted to 
grain, etc. Tobacco is also a valuable staple, and pork is 
exported to some extenL Farms 414; manuf, S; dwell. 
S5S, and pop.— wh. 5,156, fr. col. 49, si. 2,424— total 7,629. 
CnpiUil: Westport. Ptihlio Worls : Louisville and Frank- 
fort R. K. ; Louisville and Covington K. E., etc. 

Oldham, p. v., Crittenden eo.. Ark.: W. side of the 
Mississippi r., 122 m. E. N. E. Little Rock. 

Olduam's Cross Roads, p. o., Westmoreland co., Virg.: 
40 m. N. E. Richmond. 

Old Hickory, p. o., Wayne county, Ohio: S4 m. N. E. 
Columbus. 

Old Hickoet, p. o., Simpson co., JJ/iV. ; 20 m. S. by E. 
Jackson. 

Old IIickort, p. o., Botetourt co., Virg.: about 181 m. 
W. Kichinond. 

Old Hickoey, p. o.. Weakly county, Teu'U.: 107 m. W. 
Nashville.' 

Old Hickoey, p. o., Bradford county, Penn. ; 101 m, N. 
Harrisburg. 

Old Mine3, p. v., Waahiugton co., Mo.: 82 ra, 8. £. 
Jefferson City. 

625 



OLD 

—J — ; « 

Old Mission, p. o., "Winuisheik co., la. : 113 m. N, i "W*. 
Iowa Cilj'. ^ 

OiM Point Comfort, p. o., Elizabeth City, Virg.: the 
N. point ai entrance of James r., 69 m. S. E. Richmond, and 
21 III. W. by N. Cape Henry, ^^ortresa Monroe, on the ex- 
treme point, is used both as an arsenal and military post, 
and in connectinn with Port Calhoun, on the Rip Raps, 
commands the entrance to the river. The Point is much 
resorted to in summer, and has commodious hotels. 

Old liiPLEY, p. 0., Bond* county, ^U. : 63 m. S. by E. 
Springfield. 

Old Town, p. v., Philip's co., Ai-k. :' on the "W. side of 
the Missit^sippi r., 95 m. E. hy S. Little Rock. In the vicinity 
are to be found many aboriginal relics. 

Olu Tow, p. v., Greenup co., A'//. .* on old Old Town cr., at 
its entrance into Little Sandy r., 115 m. E. N. E. Fraiiklort, 

Old Town, t. and p. v., Penobscot co., Me. : on the W. 
side of Penobscot river, 69 m. N. E. Augusta. Drained by 
Birch stream and Pushaw r. Tliere is u large pond on the 
W. Iiordtrof thetown; snil fertile, adapted to grain. Indian 
Old Town, on an island in the river, is within this town, and 
contains an Indian settlement, having a church and several 
small dwellings. The Orono and Old Town R. R. extends 
from here to Bangor. The river at this point is much higher 
than at Bangor. The town contains a large number of 
mills, and a vast amojmt of lumber is manufactured for the 
Bangor market. Pop. of t. 3,0ST. 

Old Towx, p. v., Alleghany co., iff?. ; on N. side of the 
Potomac r., 115 m. W. N. "W. Annapolis. The Baltimore 
and Ohio 11. R. glasses the village 2 m. distant. 

Old Tow.v, p. o., Forsyth co., Jf. Car. : 01 m. W. N. W. 
Raleigh. 

Old Town, p. o., Claiborne co., Tenn. : 167 m. E. by N. 
Nashville. 

Old Town, p. c, Coflfee county, Al<r. : 71 m. S. by E. 
Montgomery. 

Old Washington CottRT-HousK, p. o., "Washington co., 
Ala. : 130 ai. S. by E. Montgomery. • 

Olran. p. o., Ripley co., Iiuf. : G5 m. S. E. Indianapolis. 

Olban, t. and p. v., Cattaraugus county, i^ Y.: 255 m. 
W. by S. Albany. Drained l>y the Alleghany r. and its trib- 
utaries. Surface very uneven, and in parts much broken ; 
soil sandy, abounding in ptnc forests. A great quantity of 
lumber is expi)rted annually down the Alleghany r. to the 
Ohio, mu(!h of which, as also scantling, in many cases reach 
the levee of New Orleans. The t, contains several stores 
and mills. The v. is situate at the mouth of Oi! cr., on the 
Alleghany r.. at the point where tbe Genesee Valley Canal 
and the Erie R. R. i;itersect each other and meet the river. 
It contains several churches, st(^)res, dwellings, and a num- 
ber of mills. A aleaniboat of light draft has ascended the 
Alleghany to Olean, but there is mucli obstruction in tlie 
navigation. Below it is an Indian village, inhabited by 
several hundred Scnecas and Onondagas. Pop. of t. 899. 

Oleandkr, p. 0., Marshall county, Ala. : 131 m. N. 
Montg.tmery. 

OlknvV, p. v., Henderson county, III. : SI m. N, W. 
Springfield. 

Olen,v, p. o., Huron co., Ohio : 72 m. N. by E. Columbus. 

Olextangy, p. o., Crawford county, Ohio: 59 m. N. 
Columbus. , 

Olkntangy. or "Whetsone river. Ohio: one of the prin- 
cipal [rihutarios of the Scioto, rises in W. part of Kicldaud 
CO., flows \V. into Crawford, and then S. through Marion 
ami Delaware into Franklin, where it joins the Scioto at 
Columbus. 

Oi.EY, t. and p. o., Berks co,, 7*(=;?7z. ; 59 m. E. Jlarrishurg. 
Drained I)y Manatawny and ManoukJsy creeks^ Surface 
even; soil very fertile and highly productive. The "Oley 
Forge." cuiiriiructcd in ITSO, having an annual production of 
200 tons l)locMn9. is situate here.. There are in the t. a num- 
ber of .Iwellings, stores, and mills, and some workshops. 
Pop. 2,809. 
62& 



OLY • ' 
-.4^ 

Olinda, p. c. Pike co., lU.: 71 m. W. by S. Springfield. 

Olio, p. o., Sheboygan co., ICwe. ; 81 m. N. E. Madison. 

Olio, p. v., Stoddard co.. Mo. : ISO ra. S. E. Jefferson City. 

Olive, k and p. o., Ulster co., 2^\ >'. ; 56 m. S. 8. W. 
Albany. Drained by Esopus cr. Surface, centra! and E., 
rolling, and in the W. mountainous; soil, sandy and clay 
loam. It has two slorea, a facU^ry, and a nuudicr of mills. 
Olive and Caseville are the names of the post-otlices. Pop. 
of L 2,710. 

Olive, t. and p. c, Clinton co., Midi. : 1 m. N. Lansing. 
Drained by Muskrat lake and Stony cr. Surface gt^nerally 
level ; soil good, and heavily Umbered. Pop. of t. 223. 

OLn'E, t, and p. v., Morgan co., Ohio: 75 m. K. S. E. ^ 
Columbus. Drained l^y a branch of Dock cr. Surface 
v,iried, and soil generally fertile, well ad;i])ted to ^ain 
and grass. The village \>> situate on E. side of a branch of 
Duck creek. There are in the t. several mills and work- 
shops. Pop. of I. 2,015 

Olive, p. o., Marion co., Itid.: a few miles distant from 
Indianapolis. 

■ Olive Branch, p. o., De Soto county, Mis&. : 157 m. N 
Jackson. 

dtivE Bbancu, p. o., Clermont co., Okio: 7S m. 8. W. 
Columbus. 

Olive Branch, p. v., Holt county, Mo. : 196 m. N. "W, 
JclTerson Cily. 

Olive Bkidge, p. o., Ulster co., iV\ 1'. ; 59 m. S. by W. 
Albany. 

Olivb Grove, p. v., Decatur co., Ga. : on the E. side of 
Chattahoochee r., 175 m. S. \V. Milledgeville. 

Olive Hill, p. o., Carter co.. Ay. .• near Tygert's cr., and 
97 ni. E. by N. Frankforu ^ 

Olive Hill, p. o.. Person co,, 2^. Car. : 49 m. N. by W. 
Raleigh. 

Olivers, p. o., Anderson c(Smty, 7enn. : near Poplar cr., 
137 m. E. Kashville. 

Olivt:r's PnAiitiE, p. v., Newton co., Mo. : 157 m. S. W. 
Jefferson City. 

Olivesburg, p. v., Richland co., Ohio: on IlKick JPork 
of Walhonding r., 66 ra. N. by E. Cnlambus. 

Olivet, p. o., Eaton co., Mic/u : 15 m. S. W. Lansing. 

Olivet, p. o., Armstrong co., Peiui.: 1S2 m. \V. by N. 
Harrisburg. 

Olivet, p. o., Russell CO., Ala. ; 59 m. E. Montgomery. 

Olmstead, L and p. v., Cuyahoga county. OMo : 112 m. 
N. N. E. Columbus. Drained chiefly b^ rocky r. and its 
branches — in the W. by tho head branches of Black r. of 
Lake Eric. Surface diversified ; soil rich and fertile. The 
principal v. is situate centrally, and there is also a station of 
the same name on the Cleveland, Columbus, and Cincinnati 
11. K.. 15 m. from Cleveland. The Lcontains several man- 
ufactories and mills. Pop. of t 1,216. 

Olnkv. p. o., Pickens county, Aki. : lOT m. W. N. W. 
Montgomery. 

Olney, p. o., Philadelphia county, Pf^im. : 96 m. S. S. E. 
llarrisburg. 

Olnky. p. v., and cap. Richland co., HI.: on W. side 
Fox r., 113 m. S. E. SpringHeld. It contains the county 
court-house. The '^OlDcy Republican" (a weekly issue) is 
published here. 

Olnrvvili.e, p. o., Providence co., I^. I. 

Oll'stct:, p. v., Columbi%co., Flor.: near the source of 
Swifi er.. 1 17 ni. E. by S. Tallahassee. 

Om-stek Creek, p. o., Pike county, Ala.: S5 m. S. E, 
Montgomery. 

Olvmima, p. v. and port of entry. Lewis co., Oreg. 7*>;*. : 
on the E. side of the e.siuary of Tenalquit or Shutea r.. on 
Puu'ct's sound. 147 m. N. Salem. Tho first log cabin of this 
setdcment was built in lS47,*y Wm. E. Sylvester, who now 
(1852) keeps an elegantly furnished hotel m the place. Tlie v. 
contains 400 or 500 inhabitants, and has wcll-flll'-d stores and 
various mc-chanic shops, with two saw-mills and a grist-mill 
in the vicinity. A newspaper, the *'Cohmibian," is pub- 



OLT 



(Bhed he^e weekly. The tot American ,M.rs noi-.b .„ 
Ihe Columb,.a river located themselves on the pr:iiries ne-,r 
OIymp,a/,n October, lS4o. They were 15 days in mkm^ 
a journey of 60 miles, from Cuwlil. Landing to the Sound 
having been compelled to cut a road through the heavuV 
fmbered part of the country. In ,346, other settlement 
were made, and the tir.t gn.,t-mill of the neishboriood 
ccted, previous to which event the Inhabitants had been 
ohl^ed to subsist on boiled wheat, or grind it by hand. 
The U. Slates Itevenue collection di.Mrict of l'».r,.,i soun.l 



ONS 



Olympus p. v., Overton co., Tu,„.: on ,be E. fork of 
^ 0*y8 r., S7 m. E. Ijy X. Nashville, 

O.Mir.. p. „., Ji.ff,.rson mf.A'. r. : 140 m. N. W. MInnv 

tZ. ' ^™'^ ■^"'"^'- ^'>'^-^»"" il^ Tibutar,, 

si'eeis.,;:'™' "" °™"""^ "^■'- "'"' f""- «^=---j 

Omeoa, p. o Pike CO., 0!uo: CI m. S. Columbus. 

'..£:r's^a;ba::;rrK;^;-™,--ck 

Mm«ie^' "• °-' ■'™P --'^•' ^'- «■-. TV. 
JT^I^hvUr ''■ "■' "'""S^""^y »•• ^-"'■•- « m. N. W. 

cr!;i;rS:^^p^S:r"™-'^^^^""-™— '^ 

. °r™-' ^-"""'J-' -^- ^- Situate K. centrally, and contains 
■■in sq^m. Drained by Black and Moh.wk rh'ers and 
!l"-.r atnuenls, and Fish, Woo.l, Onei.la a,id Orf l- 
orceks. all of which turnish f^un,:^^;,^. ^ 
various, being pleasantly diversified by low hills and well 
cutnated valleys. In the N. and N. E. it is more " Iv i 
™utai„s beds or iron ore, gypsum, marl, pea,, water , 'me 
stone, and other minerals. This county „»; be sa iTo 

Z^:^!^ T'' "^r '"^'^"' '^'-'^>- •'- . 
other m the Slate. 1- arms 6.292 ; manur.952; dwell 10-M 
and pop wh. iis,9,5, fr.eol. 65S-,o,al 1.^5M tW,;''. 
Eotne, Whitesboro-. and Ulica. PuUic » „* . u a and 
Syracaise E. E. ; Watertown and Eome P.. IL; l^lack eI v 
^e,:;:^C^';;:r'=-=-----„a;;Er^C^; 
OxEiDA, t. and p. 0., Eaton co.. Mwh. : K „. -Rr. I.an.in» 

wS the t™: T ""■ f • """""''^ '" '"« '^"'"^»*» ""f' 
^Z.r 1 °^''- ^'""'"' S™">- "ndulalin-: soU 

oalcareous and .sandy loam, with thick vegetable mold It 

Tarronr? ; '""'" '"""' '^ ^ "'-"'^ -"<^-'>™ 
?oTcL 1 M** '■■ '" ""^ ^- ^- P"' "f •■. "Wch U wrought 
to a considerable e.vlent. Pop. of L 49'' 
On-eioa, p. o.. Brown co., H7«c. ; lig-m. N. E, M.adison 

«..« i:^'v^- '''• ^•■- "^^^ "> ^"'-- Madison cZV, 
m oL ; ^ ,•' '" '•"'■' ""■''''^^ ">« ™™«'=» «f Madison 
mid Oneida and empties into the lake so called. Its tribn 
lanes afford good mill-scats Ti, . „. ■ iis muii- 

•h„ r.- ,^ '^ , "'■ "■ '■- "sed as a feeder to 

•he Erie Canal, and is navigable as far as Onei.la C 1st le 

Okk,u.v lake, .V. y. , bordering on the cou, Is of 
Oswego. Oneida. Madison, an.i Onondaga. Is ""Tl^! 
.m from 4 to 6 in width. It receives Wood Oh da "i^J 
CtaU-naiigo creeks an.I o.hersmall streams. Its shoreVare 
ow and swampy. Its wafers abound wilh e.e.tllenTfir 

^::ir^:^™.r""^""^-''--<^ ^--- 

ONEiBi river, JV: }-. ; outlet of the lake so called Euns 
O.NP.ii.i Castt,f, p. v., Oneida co., iV; K .• on Oneida cr 

L^l beta , o ,'"'^'''' " '""' •'""•«. several .Iwcllings, 
ami between 800 and 400 iuhabit.anfs. 



I 0-'":u'A Dei'6t, p. v., MadLson co r v- . „ t- 

Co'^mtat. ''"•"■ "■ "•' ^r™" "■■ '"'"■■ "" -- ^- ^- ^ 
i°™^^^'-'=^'P-''-"^"'»°"--.-^- r..- 00m.W.byN. 
0.^Eo^-TA, t. and ,. v., Olsego co., M y, , 5, „. .^^- ^^ ^ 
Alb.-my Drained by Charlotfe r. and Ofsego cr. b audits 
"t the Susquehanna Si.rfiice rugged, e\ce, t a on 
^reaius, where it become. Bat and ^J^fii; tI^v 1 " 
^Tistl; rv 7 Susquehanna r., and contains .. church" , a 
distillery and several dwellings. There are in the 1 ■> fur- 
naces and .several mills. Pop. of 1. 1 9113 " 
0.N-F.0.NTA. p. o.,Sauk CO., lIV.vc, .• 2s m. N. -W. Madison. 
Omon Liver, p. v., Sheboygan co., )t-,V. ; on W h-mk 
ot the river of same name, 91 m. N. E. Madison 

OmoN riv^r, r*. .• one of the most imporfaut rivers in the 
Slate. About lO m. in length, in its course" improving a 
Large tract of land, and furnishing great hydraulic pov^er. 
It rises m Cabot and Peaeham. runs S. and W. to Mont- 
peher, and UK-nce N. W., passing through the centrt, of the 
counties of Washington and Crittenden, empties into Lake 
Champlain, 8 m. N. Burlhigton village. In its passage 
hrough the mountains, there are places where there is 
barely sufflcient room f ,r the road, which is the only easy 
access across the narrow valleys, subject it at times, to great 
and sudden rises. In many places, natural bridges, caverns 
ami walerfalls are to be f.mnd. It has many tributaries, the 
princpa of which are North branch in the N., and Mad 
Dog, and Slevcns rivers on the S. 

O.N-ONDAOA county, X Y. Situate N. centrally, and con- 
tains .11 sq. m. Drained by Seneca and Oneida rivers 
which, uniting, form Oswego river, and Butlemnl, Ouun' 
daga and Nine-Mile creeks. Surface in Ihe N. e, en, in the 
S. h.hy, ami ntted for grazing. Soil a rich loam, of a cal- 
eareou., nature, intermixed with vegetable mold, fertile and 
pi oductive Tt coMlains many minerals, and line salt .springs, 
which yield a large revenue to the State. aI.,o good niarble 
quarries Otisoo, Onondaga, and Skanealelc^ lakes, are 
within the limits of this county. Chief agricultural pro- 
ducions Wheat .ami Indian corn. Earms 4.595 ; maniif. 

tolalS5,S90. CapH.H: Syracuse. PuUic Worl,; Utica 
and Syracuse E. It. ; Eoehcstc.' and Syracuse Pv. i; ■ Oswco 
and Syracuse E. E. ; Eoclmstcr and Syracuse (direct) l:. p! • 
Syracuse and Binghampton E. E. ; Erie Canal: Oswego 
(■an;d. etc » 



CanaI.ete. 
O.voxDAGA, p. o., Marshall county, Ind. : 105 m 



N. 



Indianapolis. 

O.VOXDAGA, t and p. o., Ingham county, JfMi. .• 19 m S 
Lansing. Watercl by Eed Cedar r.. crossing its S. W. part 
Surface uneven ; soil rich, sandy loam, with excellent timber 
lands. Pop. of 1. S19. 

O.NONDAGA, t. and p. v., Onondaga co., .v: K .- 1.31 m. W by 
N. Albany, and <i m. S. Syracuse. Drained by Onondao-a cr 
Surface uneven, in parts hilly; soil, clay loam, Krtile, an° weU 
cultivated. The v., formerly the co. capital, has an elevated 
sile on Onondaga Hill, H 01. from the r., and commands a 
line prospect: it c tains several stores, and about 800 
inhabitants. There is an Indian reservation in the S. part 
of the t. on both sides of the cr.. and llirough which the 
Syracuse and Binghampton E. E. will pass. Population of 
t. 5,694. 

O.voNDAGA Castij:, p. o., Ouondaga co.. A' y. ■ vt m 
W. by N. Albany. " ' 

OxoxoAOA lake, .V. y..- toward the centre or N of 
counly so called, ? m. long, and from 3 to 4 in widlh It 
abounds in fish, and is noled for the salt springs which are 
found on Its borders, though its own waters are fresh. 

OsoyiLiE, p. o., Cattanuigus co., X. r. .■ 03 m w by S 

Albany. ' ' 

ONS1.0W eouuty. A- Cr. Situate S. E., and contains 523 



ONS 



sq. in. Drained by Iscvr river and its branches. Surface 
level, and in general the land lying low. Soil moderately 
fcrlilO!: Chief productions, cotton and Indian com. On the 
Atlantic shore, bounding it on the E., are a number of small 
ishmds, with occasional inlets. » Farms 349; manuf. 27; 
dwell. 903, and pop.— wh. 5,005, fr. col. ITO, si. 3,10S— total 
8.2S3. Capital: Onslow. 

Onslow, p. v., and o:ip. Onslow co., K Car. : on E. side 
New r., 97 m. S. E. lialeigli ; it contains the court-house and 
other public buildings, and several dwellings. 

Onslow bay, X. Car.: a portion of the Atlantic Ocean 
between Cape Fear and Cape Look-ovit. where the shore 
has a considerable curve inward, along which, at a distance 
of I or '2 miles, stretches a chain of narrow, long, and low 
ishmds, with shallow inlets between them. 

Ontario county, -V. Y. Situate W. centrally, and con- 
tains 612 sq. m. Drained by IToneoye, Flint, and Mud 
creeks, and Canandaigua outlet. Surface various, the east- 
em portion being spread into beautiful, swelling plains, the 
y\'. interspersed Vith fertile vales and hills, and in the S. W. 
the land rising considerably, in some places having an alti- 
tude of 4,200 or 1,400 feet; soil generally productive, being 
a rich, fertile loam. This county contains beds of iron ore, 
gypsum, and marl, with other minerals, and some sulphur 
springs. It contains Canandaigua, Canadice, and other 
lakes. It has fine water-power and valuable manufactures. 
Farms 3.05S ; manuf. 205 ; dwell. 7,S6S, and pop.— wh.43.4-30, 
fr. col. 499— total 43,929. Capital: Canandaigua, Puhlic 
Works : Rochester and Syracuse II. K. ; Canandaigua and 
Niagara Falls R. E. ; Canandaigua and Elniira H. E., etc 

Ontario, p. v., La Grange co., Tml. : on the N. bank of 
Pigeon r., 137 m. N. by E. Indianapolis. 

Ontario, t. and p. v., Wayne co., K Y. : 250 m.W. N.W. 
Albany, and IS m. N. E. Ilochest«r. Drained by several 
small streams flowing into Lake Ontario, which bounds it 
on the N. Surface very level; soil gravelly. The v. is 
about 4 m. from the^lake. It contains a furnace, forge, and 
several mills. Pop. of t. 2,240. • 

Ontario, p. o., EichKand couHty, C/ao.'SS m. N. by E. 
Columbus. 

Ontario, p. v., Knox co., III. : 103 m. N-W. Springfield. 

Ontario lake, X. 5'. ; the easternmost and smallest of 
the great northern lakes. It lies between 43^ 10' and 44^^ 
latitudes N., and between 7G<5 and S0° longitudes W* It 
receives the Niagara river, the great outlet of the upper 
lakes, in its S. W. part, and has its ouUet, by the St Law- 
rence river, in its N. E. part, in which, immediately below 
the lake, is the cluster denominated " The Thousand Isl- 
ands." Its shape approaches to a long and narrow ^lipse, 
being 190 miles long, and 55 miles in its widest part, and 
about 4S0 miles in circumference. It is very deep, being in 
some places 600 feet, so tlial its bottom is considerably be- 
low the level of the Atlantic. It is 334 feet below the level 
of Lake Erie, and 231 feet above tide-water, and in every 
part has a sufficient depth for the largest ships. Its harbors 
are numerous and good, and except in shallow places near 
the shore, its waters are seldom frozen. The principal 
Btrean\3 that enter it on the south side are the Genesee, 
Oswego, and Black rivers, and a large number of ■ -ceks. 
The Bay of Quint6 is a long and irregular body of waljr in 
its eastern part, which receives a considerable river, the out- 
let of several small lakes; and Burlington Bay is in its 
western part Both of these bays are in Canada. It has 
several important places on its shores, the principal of which 
are Kingst*m, Toronto, and Coburg, in Canada; and Oswe- 
go. Hacketfs Harbor, and Port Genesee, or Charlotte Har- 
btir, in New York. It is subject to violent storms and heavy 
swi-lls; but the numerous steamboats which navigate it pass 
quietly through it, having a great depth of water. It is 
connected with the Erie Canal and Hudson r. by the Gen- 
esee r. navigation and the Oswego Canal, which connect 
with the Erie Canal at Eorhester mid Syracuse, and jUso by 
several railroads with the great cmlral road of New York. 



ONT 

%* 

Several lines of railroad arc also being built along its shivres . 
in Canada, and others into the interior of thajL country. 
Much of the trade of the Western States passes through 
these avenues to the eea-board. The Wetland Canal con- 
nects it with Lake Erie; it is 26 miles long, with :i-l locks, 
and admits the pa-ssage of the largest vessels which navi- 
gate the lakes. This canal commences at Sherbrooke, near 
the mouth of Grand r., and terminates at Port Dalhousie, 9 
miles west of Niagara village. Its entrance being a con- 
siderable distance west of the outlet of Lake Erie, it is open 
earlier than tho^rie Canal at Buffalo, where the ice often 
accumulates in the spring. The commerce on this lake is 
very valuable. In 1S46 it amounted to ^14,025,507, and in 
1S43 to $2S,141,000. This is exclusive of the passenger 
trade. The following table exhibits the number of vesftls 
■which entered the several disfriets of the lake during the 
year ending 30th June, 1850 : 

American. Foreign. 

Districta, , * — ^ / • — % Tonnage 

Veeseh. Tons. Vessels, Toni, owned. 

Oswegatchie . . . 193.. .144.549... 1S3... 52,306..,. 1,9.?5 

Sackett's Harbor 254... 152,060... 25... 1,109.... 8,12^3 

Oswego 6S1... 122,311... 976... ^,482.... 22,404 

Niagara 213... 71,971... 36S...W1,307.... 732 

Genesee 70... 20,o43... 145... 19,529.... I,0o7 

Cape Vincent.. 233.. .149.647... 4-3... 6,7r4.... 2.497 

Total 1,643. . .601,030. . .1,745. . .254,497. . . .S6.778 

The business on the Welland Canal is rapidly increasing, 
and scr\-e3 as an index to the future of the commerce on 
this lake. The number of vessels passing up and down for 
two seasons, wasias follows : 

Dnwii. Up. Total. 

1S51 1.752 1.74S S.'iOO 

1850 1,250 1,295 2,545 

Increase... 502 453 955 

Of the vessels passing down in ISol, there were 924 Amer- 
ican bound to American ports, and 163 bound ti> British 
ports ; and 359 British bound to British ports, and 306 to 
American ports. Of the vessels down, 1,230 were bound to 
American, and 522 to British ports. Of the vessels passing 
up, 1.170 were bound to American, and 572 to Briti.^h pons. 
This shows that a large portion of the business in the 
Welland Can:U is American. 

The increasing commerce on this lake is now demanding 
greater facilities of outlet on the Americfln coast, and to 
afford this, several projects have been proposed, two of 
which, the Sodus Canal, and Sodus Point and Southern 
li. 11., are now in process of construction. 

The trade between the United State-s and Canada is prin- 
cipally through Lake Ontario, and this trade is increasing 
with wonderful rapidity. The exports to Canada, in 1849-50, 
were valued at $5,930,321, and the imports, exclusive of 
specie, at $3,359,101. The exports of manufactured goods 
to Canada, were $3,964,222. The total of this class of goods 
exported from the United Slates, in 1S49-50, exceeded those 
of 1343-9 by $3,093,137, and of this excess $2,457,915 went 
to Canada; so the increase to Canada exccede^l five-fold alt 
the increase to other countries trading with ^he United 
States. 

Ontonagon county, Midi. Situate W. of the N. penin- 
sula, and contains 2.323 sq. m. Dr-iined by Ontonagon, 
Montreal, and Presque Isle rivers. Surface for the most 
part even. ' In the N. W. are the Porcupine Hills, a low 
range of mountains, having acquired their name from the 
j.igged appearance of the surface. Immense deposits of 
iron and copper ore are found in this region. Farms ; 
manuf. ; dwell. 40, and pop.— wh. 883, fr. col. 6— total 8S9. 
Capital: Ontonagon. • 

Ontonagon, p. v., Ontonagon co., JificJi. : at the montli 
of the Ontonagon r., 359 m. N. W. Lansing. Copi>er nf a 
superior quality is to be ftwnd here, and in the vicinity in 
abund:ince. The Ontonagon Copper Company are working 



ONT 



ORA 



a vein in which Uuty encounter boulders of pure copper, 
weighiug Iroiu 25 to 50 pounds, containing: consider.-ible 
Bitver. There are a number of mines alfing the river course, 
worked by diffLTenl companies, yielding abun<Iant!y. For 
certain purposes in tlie arls the copper in this reicion stands 
unrivaled, and surpasses all the ores of copper in density 
and tenacity. 

Ontosagon riTcr, ^^flch. : rises by three branches — tlie 
K. one in ^Marquette en., Ilie middle in small lakes near tlie 
border of in*t', and its W. branch in Ag<'o:ebie lake. The 
main stream flows N. VV.. between bold and picturesque 
banks, nan-li broken by falls, and empties into Lake Sufjc- 
rior. On its burder is found a celebrated mass of native 
copper, about iiU cubic feet in bulk, and weighing from four 
to five tons. 

Onwakd, p. o., Stewart co.,7<:■J(;^. ; near the Cumberland 
river, 61 m. W. by X. Niishville. 

OosooLA, p. o., Somerset co., M'^. : N. Augusta. 

OoTHi^ALOGA, p. 0., Cass couuly, Gtt. : lu;3 miles N. W. 
Milledgt-'ville. 

Opai-ika. p. o., "Walker county, 6"{/. ; 1G9 m. N. W. 
Miliodgcvtlle. 

Opei.ika. p. v., Itussell county, Ala. : on iho E. side of 
I'fawpee er., and on the line of the Montgomery and "West 
Tcint i;. li., 21 m. from West Point, and 5i m. E. by N. 
Montgomery. 

OrEi-ousAS, p. v., and cap. St. Landr>" par., La,: at the 
head of Vermillion r., 55 m.W. Baton Kuuge. The country 
round about is pleasant and very fertile. The Franklin 
College, situate here, founded in 18^9, has a president. 4 
professors, and 70 students. There is also a Tlnited Slates 
land office here. The v. contains the court-house, 2 banks. 
4 churches, am! several stores. The "St. Landry Whig" 
(whig), dailv, and " Opelousas Gazette" (neut,), semi-week- 
ly, are pvblished here. The New Orleans, Opelousas, and 
Great 'Western 11. K. will pass through it. 

Open Pond, p. o., Henry county, Ala. : S3 ni. S. E. 
Montgomery. 

OpEtjUAN river, Virg. : rises in the S. E. part of Fred- 
erick CO., flows N. E., separating Clark and a part of Jeffer- 
Min ffm Frederick and Berkley counties, and empties into 
the Potomac river. 

Opnin. p. 0-, La Salle county, HI. : 103 m. N. by E. 
Springfield. 

Oruiit, p. v.. and cap. Butte en.. Oaf'/. : on the E.sJde of 
Feather r.. 123 m. N. N. E. Vallejo. Pop. .S,(JOO. 

Orop.TO, p. c, St. Joseph county, Mich. : G9 m. S. W. 
Lansing. 

OpPENiiKnt, t. and p. v., Fulton /"O., N. Y. : 61 ni. N. W. 
Albany. Drained by small streams which flow into the 
Moh.iwk r. Bounded oh the W. by East Canada cr. The 
V. is in the centre of t Tlie t. contains several stores and 
a number of mills. Pop. of t. 2,315. 

Oql'awka, p. v., and cap. Henderson co., lU. : on the E. 
bank of the Mississippi r., a few miles above the mouth of 
Henderson r„ 105 m. N. W. Springfield. Situate on a sand 
ridge that exlentls from HendtTson r. to the Mississippi. It 
is the binding fur this and the adjoiuing counties, and prin- 
ripal dcpui f.tr freights between the Dcs Moines and liock 
River Kapids. A railro.id is in g)rogre83 to connect this 
V. with Peoria. It contains the county court-house and 
usual number of public buildings. The " 0. Spectator" (lit.) 
ispublishi'd weekly. Pop. 1,200. 

Urax, p. v., Onondaga co., A*". Y.: on a branch of Cana- 
Ecragacr., 121 in. W. Albany. 

Okan. p. v., Kosciu.'iko co., Ind.: on La Porte post-road, 
105 ni, N. Indianapolis. 

Orange county, Floi'. Situate E. of the peninsula, and 
contains 5,2.'>3 sq. ra. Drained by St. John's r.. which in its 
course fmm S. to X. (where it enters the Atlantic in Duval 
CO.). passes through the difTcrent lakes by which the face of 
the country is riiverailied. The land is in general low and 
I>art of it marshy; soil fertile. Chief productions cotton, 



rice. Indian cirn. wheat, fruits of all kinds, vegetables, etc- 
On the Atlantic siile are large lagnuns, the land on the east^ 
ern shore stretching out and forming Cape Canaveral. 
Farms 19 ; manuf. il ; dwell. .55. au<\ pop.-— wh. 23*!. fr. col 
2, si. 226— total 466. 0>j"'tnf- : Midlnnville. 

OitANGE county, fiu?. Situate S. towanl th*^ W.. :ind con- 
tains 395 sq. m. l>raini-d liy Lick cr. Mud hr.'inchi's, tribu- 
taries of the E. fnriv of Wliiie r. Surface varied — in the N. 
being rolling or undulating, and iti the S. hilly; soil ft-rtile 
and very productive. Staples, wheat and Indian corn. 
Timber is abundant. Il Ji.-is fine water privileges. Farms 
1,118 : manuf. S : dwell. I.SIl. and pop,— wh. 10,559, fr. col. 
05[i_total H).sn9. C'tpitul: Paoli. Ptddic Works: Kew 
Albany and Salem \\. U. 

Okangb county. N. Y, Situate P., and cont.nins TfiO sq. m. 
Drained by Wallkill, Nevisink, and Shawangunk rivers in 
the c -ntral portion, and br:m.-li<s of Delaware r. in the W. 
Surface various — in p:irLs being nithcr moiintainnus. in the 
W. are the Shawangimk rantrc. and in the S. E. the High- 
lands, the remaining portion is pleasantly diversified with 
hills and valleys; the soil is fertile and well adapted to 
grazing. This county is celebrated for its fine milk and 
butler, which, willi wheal, Indian corn, and pntatnea, form 
its chief productions. It abounds in minerals, and luis large 
beds of magnetic inm ore. Farms 3.426; manuf. 357; 
dwell. 9.GS6, and pop.— wb. .5-l.TsS. fr. col. 2.362— total 57.145. 
CapiUil : Goshen. I'tiblic Work's: New York and Erie 
Kailroad. 

OitANGE county, N". Car. Situate N. centrally, and con- 
tains 6T6sq. ra. Drained by branches of Haw and Neuse 
rivers. Surface level ; soil fertile, and adapted to the growth 
of t<ibacco, etc. : some cotton is also raised. Farms 1,082 ; 
manuf. 17: dwell. 2,186. an.l pop.— wh. 19,330, fr. col. 4-Sl, 
si. 5.244— total 17.(1.5.'). Capital: Hillsboro\ Puhlio Works: 
North Carolina Central R. K. 

OuANGE county, Vej-m. Situate E.. and contains 740 sq.m. 
Drained by WaiLs anil Ompompanoosuc rivers and branches 
of White r. Surface in the N. and N. AV. rocky and moun- 
tainttus, hut in the eastern portion, along the banks of the 
Connecticut r., are some fine tracts <jf land ; soil various, 
generally suited for grazing, but producing good crops of 
grain and vegetublce. Chief productions wheal, Indian 
corn, and potatoes. This county contains iron and lead 
ores, slate and grainte quarries, and has immense deposits 
of ochres. Farms 2,677 ; manuf. S6 ; dwell. 5,193. and pop. 
— wh. 27.277, fr. col. 19— total 27,296. Capital: Chelsea. 
P /(hi ie Works: Ci>ntieclicul and Passumjisic Pivers It U. 

Orange county, Virff. Situate centrally toward the E., 
and contains 376 sq. m. Drained by branches of North 
Anna and liivanna rivers. Surface hilly ; soil fertile. Chief 
productions Indian corn and tobacco. Kapid Anna river 
runs along its N. "W. border. Farms 335 ; mamif. 4fi ; dwell. 
756. and pop.— wh. 3,962, fr. col. 1S4, si. 5.921— total 10,067. 
Capital: Orange. Puhlic 'Workf;: Orange and Alexandria 
K. P. ; Virginia Central R. E., etc. 

Op..\nge, p. v., Cherokee co., Ga.: situate on a branch- 
of the Etowah r., Ill m. N. W. Milledgevilie. 

OiiANGE, p. o., Fayette county, Ind.: 31 m. E. by S. 
Indianapolis. 

Oit.vNGE. t and p. v., Franklin co., Mass. : 67 m.W. byN. 
Boston. Drained by Miller's r. Surface uneven : soil bet- 
ter adaMted to p:islurage than culture. There are several 
m aim factories of ditlerent kinds. The v. is situated on the 
line of the Vermont and Massachusetts P. K.. 37 m. from 
Fitchburg. The t. contains several stores and milK Fop. 
of I. 1,700. 

Op.ange, p. 0., Branch county, Mich.: 57 ra. W. by S. 
Lansing. 

Oi:an«e, t. and p. v., Essex co., A: Jer.: 45 m. N. E. 

Trenton. Drained by head waters of Eahway and Second 

rivi-rs. and Pccknian's liranch of Passaic r., atfording e.\cel- 

I lent water-power. Surface mountainous; soil red shale, 

fertile, and in a good state of cultivation. There are several 

629 



OR A 



ORE 



mills 'ami niauufactories in the t. The v. is on the line of 
the Morris and Essex E. K., 1-5 m. New York City, and con- 
tains 4 churches, a number of stores, and about 2U0 dwell- 
ings. A chill} beale spring is situate near the village. Shoe- 
making forms a great business in this neighborhood. Pop. 
of t. 4,3S5. 

Oeasge, t and p. o., Steuben co., 2^. Y. : 175 ra. W. by S. 
Albany. Drained by several small creeks, wliich flow into 
the Coshocton r., and bounded on tlie N. by an oullet of 
Seneca lake. Surfiice roUiug; soil very fertile. I'opululion 
of L 2,1 155. 

Orange, p. v., Mahoning county, Ohio: 183 m. N. E. 
Columbus. 

Orange, p. o., Luzerne count)', Penn.: S5 m. N. N. E. 
Harrisburg. 

Oeange, t. and p. v., Orange co., Yei'-m. : 11 ra. E. by S. 
Montpelier. Drained by "Wait's brancli of White r.. and 
Stevens' branch uf Onion r., i)roflucing very valuable water- 
power. Surfiict; mountainous; soil along the banks of the 
rivers rich and productive, the remainder inferior. Granite 
is found in large quantities, principally on Knox Mountain 
in N. E. part of the L While mica of excfllent quality is 
also found here several inches square. The timber is mo3lly 
hard wood. Products of the t consist chiefly in cattle and 
wool. The V. is on the Bradford post-road, in centre of 
town. Pop. of t l.O&T. 

Op-ange, p. v., and cap. Orange co., Yirg. : at the junc- 
tion of the Orange and Al'-xan'Ier 11. R. with the Virginia 
Central E. R.,57 m. N. W. liiehmond. It contains a court- 
house, jail, 2 churches, a number of stores, about 30 dwell- 
ings, and 450 inhabitants. 

Orangedueg district, S. Car. Situate S. centrally, and 
contains 1,453 sq. m. Drained by North Edislo r. and ils 
branches, and branches of South Etiisto, which bounds it 
on the S. Snrface level ; soil muderaiely fertile. Chief 
productions cotton, rice, and Indian corn. Farms 1,0S2; 
manuf. IT; dwell. 2,1S6, and pop.— wh. 19,330, fr. col. 481, 
si. 5,244— total lT,05o. Capital: Ilillsboro'. I'nhUc Work^: 
South Carolina E. E. ; Columbia Branch E. E., etc. 

OitANGEiiURG, p, v., and cap. Orangeburg dist., iS'. Car.: 



on North Edisto r., and on the hne of the Columbia Branch 
of the South Carolina E. K., 50 m. from Columbia. It con- 
tains the court-house, jail, and other public buildings. Sev- 
eral thousand pounds of Indigo are made here annual!;, 
and carried to Augusta, Columbia, and Charleston ; there 
are two kinds— the tame and the wild — the latter of which 
is the most valuable. Pop. SOO. 

Orangeburg, p. o., Mason county, A'y. ; 71 m. N. E. 
Frankfort. 

Orange Hill, p. o., "Washington co., Flor. : 87 m. W. 
Tallahassee. ■ 

Orakge Lake, p. o., Marion co., Flor.: 125 m. S. W. 
Tallahassee. 

Orange Port, p. o., Niagara Co., K Y. : on the EocIiesU-r, 
Lockport, and Niagara Falls E. E., 51 m. Eochcstcr, 257 m. 
W. by N. Albany. 

Orange Springs, p. v., Marion oo., Floi: : on W. side 
of Octawaha r., and on the N. boundaiy of county, 157 m. 
S. E. Tallahassee. 

Orange Springs, p. v., Orange co., Virg. : on a branch 
of North Anna r., 49 m. N. "VV. Eiehmond. 

Orangevilie. t. and p. v.. Wyoming co., N. Y.: 239 m. 
W. Albany. Drained by Tonawauda cr. Surface hUly ; 
soil alluvial. The v. is in the centre Tliere are in tlie t. 
several stores and mills, etc. Pop. 1,48S. 

Oeangeville, p. o., Trumbull co., Ohio: 152 m. N. E. 
Columbus. 

OuANGEviLLE, p. V., Columbia CO., Fenn. : 55 ni. N. by E. 
Harrisburg. 

Okbisonia, p. v., Huntingdon county, Penn.: G5 m. Vf. 
Harrisburg. There are situate here 3 hot-blast furnaces, 
with an aggregate annual cai)aeily of ],500 tons each, 1 
cold-bhist furnace, SOO tons annual capacity, and 1 forge, 
producing 250 tons blooms and" 75 tons bars annually. 

ORCurr. sta.. Tolland co., Co/in. : on line of the New 
London, Willimautic. and Palmer E. E., 53 m. New London. 

Orcutt Creek, p. o., Bradford county, Penn. : 99 m. N. 
Harrisburg. 

Orefield, p. o., Lehigh county, Pctiti. : 73 m. N. N. E. 
Harrisburg. 



THE TERRITORY OF OREGON. 

Oregon, as relinquished by Great Britain to the United States in 1346, extends from 42^ to 49^ latitude north, and IVom 
the crest of the Kocky Mountains to the Pacific Ocean. As at present constituted, it is limited north by the Ci^lumbia. 
river, to latitude 46°, and by that line to the mounlains aforesaid, the upper portion of the original territory having lately 
been erected into a territorial government, under tlic title uf the "Territory of Washingt'ni." For the convt-nienoe of 
exhibiting the statistics of the country, however, it will be necessary to describe it as it existed before the separation. It 
contains altogether an area of 341,463 square miles. 

Oregon is naturally divided into three principal parallel sections, determined by the course of the mountains traversing 
it The western section is bounded by the Cast-ade Mountains, and extends from them to the Pacific Ocean ; the middle 
section lies between the Cascade Mountains and the Blue Mountains, and the eastern section between the latter and the 
crest of the Eocky Mountains. These several divisions have each distinct climatic character'istics, and differ in soil and 
productions. The mountain ranges extend iu general in lines parallel willi the coast, and often attain a height far above 
the summer snow line. 

The Cascade, or coast range, sometimes called the President's Eange, runs through the Territory north and south, at a 
distance from the sea-coast varying troui ""'0 to 150 miles, and in many places rises in regular cones to the elevation of 
12,000 to 14,000 feet above the level of the sea. Except when the Columbia breaks through it, tlie communication between 
the east and west is almost intemiptetl, an<l where there exists any mountain pass, the difficulties besetting it are su<Wi as 
to render it of little use to the traveler. The climate of the section west of this range is mild and genial the year r<»und, 
and the wiiitere remarkably short. Snow seldom lies on the ground a week together. The soil on the northern parts 
varies from a light brown loam to a thin vegetiible earth, with gravel and sand as a subsoil. In the middle parts a rich, 
heavy loam prevails, but in many localities clay and a black loam, based on trap-rock, are found. The soils of the Willa- 
mette valley and southern part generally are good, varying fi*om a blaek vegetable loam to decomposed basalt, with clay, 
and portions of loose gravel soil. The hills arc generally basalt, sione, and slate. Between the Umpqua and the ^uih- 
em boundary, tlie rocks are primitive, consisting of slate, hornblende, and granite, which produces a poor and gritty soil. 
There are iu the latter region, however, some rich lands, covered with oak. Gold has been found extensively in the rivers 
of the south. For the most part, the whole country west of the Cascades is well timbered. It is intersected by spurs 
from the main range, which render the surface much broken, and these are covered with dense forests of pines, firs, 
spruce, oaks, ash, arbor vitai. etc., with n ticnse undergrowth for hazels,, rubus, roses, etc. The prairies and river bottoms 
are excellent farming lands, and the uplands abound in rich pasturage. 

The lilue Mountains have an ircegular course, and are frequently interrupted, but generally run north and govtih, com- 
mencing in the Klamath range, near the Caliliirnia line. They are broken through by the Saplin. or Snake Kivcr, at the 



OREGON. 



jnnction of the Kuoskooskeo, and brancli off in hills of moderate olcvntinn. until ihoy :i;j:iia appcnr on the norUi side of 
the Coiiinihia Rivrr. above [he Okonagnn, and finally ronnect with the Koeky Monnlains. in the IJritish U-rntory. The 
climate of the ntiddle section is much more extreme than in the west of the Casi:ade ran^e, and its range more frequent 
and greater. It is, however, extremely salubrious, and the air bracinEj. No dew falls in this section. The soil in the 
hills is barren, but in the valleys a rich allnvian, varic-d indeed, I>ut generally fertile. The general elevation of ihia section 
is about 1,000 feet above the sea level, In the north, the .'surface is broken by mountains and rivers, and (juilc unfit for 
agricultural purposes. The parts south of ihis, inehiding the vicinities of the Columbia and Saptin rivers, the surface is 
rolling, and in every way a fine grazing country. Further south there is little good land, the whole being brnken and 
desert, with scarcely a tree or useful vegetable, the artemesia alone seeming to flourish in the solitudes. 

The Rocky Mountains, forming the eastern border of the Territory, commence on the Arotie coiist, and continue with 
little interruption until their subsidence at the central isthmus of the continent. Along all the line bounding Orc;;un, only 
one eligible pass has yet been discovered, and lliat — the Great South Pass— lies on Us extreme south-east corner, forming 
the gate of the country. Through this pass the eniigration from the east comes in, and it is also the great thoroughfare of 
travel to Utah aTid California. The section immediately west of this can never be made available for selll.-ment. lU 
climate is variable, and in a single day the temperature may pass from winter to suiniuer heat. Kain seMom falls, and 
but little snow. The surface is rocky, and presents an abnost unbroken waste, while stupendous mountain spurs traverse 
it in all directions. This country is partially timbered. 

The Columbia is the great river of the country, and the recipient of all the other rivers of the Territory, having their 
origin eastward of the coast range of mountains. Its N. branch rises in the Rocky Mountains in about 50° N. lat. and 
lltjO TV. long., and thence pursues a N, route to near M'trillivray's Pass. Here the river is 3,600 feet above the sea-lcvcl, 
and, receiving Canoe River, it then lunig S., and in its course to Fort Colville it successively takes up the waters of nu- 
merous tributaries, the chief of which are the Kootanie, or Flat Bow, and Flat Head or Clark's rivers. The Columbia is 
thus far surrounded by high monntiins. and often expands into a chain of lakes. At Colville its elevatiim is 2,049 feet 
above the sea, having fallen 556 feet in 220 mile^. To the S. of this puint it tends to the W., receiving Spokan I;i^■er from 
the E. ; thence it pursues a W. course for 60 miles, and bending to the S., receives Okonagon River, which has its source 
in a line of lakes extensively susceptible of canoe navigation. The Columbia thence p:Lsses 8. until it reaches Walla "VYalla, 
in 45^ N. lat., .ind receives the Saptin or Lewis River ; here the elevation of the C"Iumbia is 1,236 feet, and irs width about 
3,5"" feel. Ii now takes its last turn to the W., receiving the Umalilia, Quisncl's, John Day's, and Chute rivv-rs from the 
S., and Cathlatales from the N., and pursuing a rapial course for SO miles, it passes the gorge of Uie Cascade Mouniains in a 
series of falls and rapids, that form an insurmountable barrier U) the passage of boats, even in time of flood, and are over- 
come I»y portages. From this point there is still-water navigation lor 40 miles, when rajJids again interrupt free sailing, 
but hence to the ocean, 120 miles, the river, thou9rh frequently obstructed by bars, is oj)en to vessels of Itss than 1'2 feet 
draft. In this part of its course it receives the Willamette River from the S., and the Cowlitz from the N. The Willa- 
mette is navigable for small vessels to within S miles of its falls. Within a distance of 20 miles from the ocean, the Colum- 
l>ia is greatly increased in width, and at its month, between Cape Disappoiutnu'ut and Cape Adams, its width is 7 miles, 
but from each of Uiese capes a sand-bar extends which renders the actual navigable channel contracted and narrow. The 
mouth of the Columbia was discovered by Capt. Gray, of Boston, commander of ship Co!umbi:i, of 220 tons, on the 11th May, 
1792; and on the strength of Ihis discovery the United States based their right to the territory wat^'red by its tributaries. 

The Chekalis, to the north of the Columbia, is a consideralilo river, and perhaps next to it in importance. It rises 
from several sources in the Cascade Mountains, and after a very tortuous course, receiving some smalt streams issuing 
from the lakes in the high ground, near the head waters of Hood's Canal ajul Puget's Sound, discharges in Gray's Harbor. 
Its current is rapid and much obstructed, nor is it navigable except by canoes. Emptying into Pugefs Soimd are the 
rivers Nesqually and Tenalquit, or Shute's River, both affording excellent water-power and some navigation. On both 
these rivers there are flourishing settleraent.«i, and Olympi.i, a port of entry, lies at the mouth of the latter. 

The rivers south of the Columbia are Clatsop, Killamook, Yaquinna, Alseya, Cmpqua, Sequatchie, and Rogue rivers, 
all falling into the Pacific Ocean. But two of these are worthy of notice, the majority of them being small and insignill- 
cant streams. The Umpqua meets the sea in about 4S'^ 54' N. lat. ; it is a large river, rising in llie Cascade Mountains by 
two main bninehes. which meet in about lat. 43° 20', and thence, after a due north course of about 20 miles, the river turns 
suddenly to the west, expanding to a considerable width in its lower course. Its principal tributaries are the Elk and 
Smith's rivers. Settlements have been made along the course of this stream by g-jld hunters, brought here by the repotted 
richness of its washings. Rogue's River rises in the same rnuge, but farther south, and flows directly W. from its source. 
It has also become famous for its golden sands, and has attracted to its banks many adventurers. None of these rivers 
form harbors capable of receiving vessels of more than 8 feet draft, and their burs are dangerous on account of ihe surf 
that sets up to the coast. 

The character of the great rivers of Oregon is peculiar : exceedingly ra])id and sunk mucli below the general level, 
witli perpendicular banks, they are, as it were, in trenches, it being difilculL to get at the water in maiiy places, owing 
to the steep basaltic walls ; an<! during their rise, which takes place in February an-l November, they are in many places 
confined by narrows, which back the water some distance, subnierging lauds and tracts of low prairie, giving the 
appearance of extensive lakes to the overflown country. The bars of these rivers are constantly changing, and it may be 
said that there is not a river on the Oregon coast, entrance to which is safe. Gray's Harbor will not admit vessels of more 
than 10 feet draft. This, however, is not the case wiihiu the harbors formed within the straits of Juan de Fuca, of which 
there are many, and no part of llie world forms finer inland sounds, or a greater number of harbors, than can be found 
here, cap.able of receiving the largest class of vessel.-*, and witliout a danger in them tliat is not visible. From the rise 
and fall of tlie tides (IS feet) all facilities arc afforded for the erection of works for a great maralinie nation. 

The fisheries on the coast and in the rivers of Oregon are most extensive. The rivers abound in salmon of the finest 
flavor, and these form a great part of the subsistence of the Indians. The Columbia pro.luces the largest, and jirobably 
affords the greatest nuinlK-rs. The great fishery at the Columbia is at the Dalles but all Ibe rivers arc well supplied. In 
the rivers and sounds .are found several kinds of salmon, salmon trout, sturgeon, cod, c;frp, sole, flounders, ray, perch, 
h-rring. lampreys, an<l a kin<l of smelt, call.-d '-shrow." in great abimdance; also large quantities ofshcU fish, viz., crabs 
clams, oysters, muscles, etc.. which are all used by the natives. Whales are found along the coast, and frequently in and 
at the mouth of the Straits of Jnan de Fuca. 

To the hunter Oreiron is a paradise. Game, such as Ihe elk, deer, ant^dope. bears, wolves, foxes, nmskrats. martins, 
beavers, etc., exist in irre;:l abundance. In the middle section jio game is found. In the ciuilern section th'- bulfalo is 

631 



OREGON. 



met wiib. The lur-boaring auimals arc decreasing in numbers yearly, and even ah'eady are so scarce as scantily to repay 
the expense of hunlin-; them. The IlndsfJii's Bay Company have almost the exchisivc monopoly in this business. In the 
spring and t':iU the rivers are literally covered with ducks, geese, and other water fuwl. 

Oregon, in 16oU, was divided into 10 counties,* the general statistics of which, and the capitals of each, in lS50,.wcrc as 
follows : ■ 



Counties, Dwell. 

Benton 149.. 

Clackama3 ...36S.. 

Clark 95.. 

Clatsop n.. 

Linn n'2.. 



Pop. 


inarms 
in .ult. 


Eatal) 


Ciipitnls. 


sw. 


.110. 


. 1.. 


.Marysville 


1,859. 


.160. 


.18.. 


.OrcL'onCity 


C43. 


. 7. 


. 4.. 


.Columbia City 


4r>2. 


. 24. 


.. 2. 


. Asloria 


994. 


.138. 


. C. 


.Now Albany 



Cniinties. Dwell. 

Lewis 146.. 

Marion 502.. 

Piillc 190.. 

'W:i.«hin£;ton 41S.. 

Yam Hill 248.. 



Pup. 


Farms 
iiKnilL 


Maniil 
Estab 


Capitals. 


558. 


. US. 


. 8.. 


.Pacific Cilv 


2.749. 


.298. 


.11.. 


.Saloni. 


1,051. 


..129. 


. 2. 


. Cvnthian 


2.651 . 


.116. 


. 5.. 


.Pnrlland 


1,512. 


..142. 


. 4.. 


.Willamctle 



The whole number of dwellings in Ibe gtate wns, at the above date, 2,874, of families 2,374, and of inhabilants 18.293, 
viz. : whites 13,n&7— males S.142, and fumales 4,945, fr, col. 2liG — males 119, and females S7. Of the whole population, there 
were deaf and dumh, ; Hind, ; insane — wh. 4, fr. col. 0— total 4 ; and idiotic — wh. 4, fr. col. u— tr)ial 4. The number 
of free persons born in the United States was ll,9£t2, the number of fortign birth l.loO. and of birth unknown 143; t)ie 
native population originated as follows : Maine 129, N. llami). 44, Verm. Ill, Mass. 1S7, U. 1. 20, Conn. 72, N. V. G18, 
N. Jer. 69. Penn. 337, Del. IS, Md. 73, DisU of Col. 15, Virg. 469, N. Car. 201, S. Car. S4, Ga. 22, Flor. 4, Ala. 20, Miss. S, 
La. 6, Tex. 15, Ark. 61, Tenn. 402, Ky. 730, Ohio 653, Mich. 3T, Ind. 73G, 111. 1,023, Mo. 2,206, lu. 452, Wise. 10, Calif. 25, 
(?rc£7rt7! 3,173, Territories!. And ttie foreign populatirm was composed of persons from— England 207, .Ireland 196, Scot- 
land IOC, Wales 9. Germany 125, France 45, Spain 0, Portugal 0, Belgium 11, Holland 1, Italy 5, Austria 0, Swity,crland 8, 
Russia 1, Denmark 2, Norway 1, Swe<ifn 2. Prussia 1, China % Asia 0, liritUh America 293, Mexico 1, South America 0, 
West Indies 0, Sandwich Islands 50, and other countries 57. 

The general statistics of the products, industries, institutions, etc.,'of the territory, according to the census of ISoO and 
other official documents referring to the same period, are as follows: 

Occupied Landfi, etc. — Improved farm lands 132,S57 acres, and farm lands unimproved 299,9r)l acres — valued together 
at $2,849,170. Whole number of farms under cultivation on the 1st June, 1&50, 1,164. Value of farming implements and 
machinery. $1S3,423. 

Lire-titock. — Horses. 8.046; asses and mules, 420 ; milch cows, 9,427; working oxen, 8,114; other calQe, 24,1SS; sheep, 
15,852; and hogs. 80,235. Value of live-stock, $1,876,139. • 

ProdueU n/'^Ttiwate.— Wool, 29,6S6 pounds; butler, 211.461 pounds; and cheese, 86,980. Value of animals slaugh- 
tered during the year, $164,530. The average clip of wool per sheep was thus lllj. 14| oz. 

Grain CVo/Js.— Wheat, 211,943 bushels; rye, 106 bushels; Indian corn, 2,91S bushels; oats, 65,146 bushels; b.irley 
bushels, and buckwheat, bushels. 

Oth^r Food (7/'o_p.s.— Peas and be.ins, 6,566 bushels; potatoes— Irish, 91,326 bushels, and, sweet, bushels. 

Miscellaneous Crop/i., — Tobacco, 325 pounds ; hay, 373 tons ; clover-seed, 4 bushels ; other grass-seed, 22 bushels ; hops, 
8 pounds ; flax, 640 pounds ; mfilasses, 24 gallons, etc. Value of orchard products $1,271 ; market-garden products $90,241. 

l[(>me'7nade. Manufactures were produced in the year to the value of $ 

il/(f))///(/t(?(i/-c*.— Capital invested, $00,000 ; value of all raw material, fuel, etc., consumed, $00,000 ; hands employed, 
000— m:iles oiio, and females 00; monthly cost of labor $00,000— male $0,000, and female $000; total valui' of annual i>r<>- 
ducts $000,000. Number of manulaeturing establishments producing to the value of $500 and upward annually. 51. 

Commerce. — Oregon has a ctjnsiderable coasting trade with California in lumber,, boards, and agricultural produce, and 
it has also some trade with the Atlantic ports, especially New York and Boston. With foreign countries its trade is lint 
ited. Tiie amount of this can only be guessed at, as no general returns appear in the Treat.ury books. A report of ilie 
commerce of Astoria was made by the collector at that port for the year cn<ling 1st April, 1S50, but of the other ports no 
accounts have been received. According to the document referred to, there had entered that port 6 ships, 30 barks, 2S 
brigs, and 5 schooners — total 69 vessels, and 16,437 tons; from foreign purts l,6;i9 tons foreign, and 609 tons American 
shipping, and coastwise 14,129 tons American sliipj)ing. The duties collected for the year amounted to $26,408. 

The exiiorts for the year were — sawed lumber, 4,587.317 feet; square timber. 312,097 feet; round logs. 355; house 
frames, 40 ; shingles, 599.033 ; leather, 124 si<ies ; flour, 3,766 barrels ; beef, 13 barrels ; pork, 6 barrels ; salmon, 83S bar- 
rels; bread 37 barrels; oats, 497 bags; apples, 15 barrels ; cranberries, 6 barrels; bacon, 600 pounds; fire- wood. 8 cords; 
saner kraut, 10 barrels; onions, 20 sacks, 12 hampers, and 42 bushels; butter. 23 barrels. 02 kegs, 2 firkins, and 8,000 lbs. ; 
cheese, 5.200 pounds, and 4 boxes; eggs, 6 boxes, and 42 dozen ; potatoes, 64 bushels, 40 barrels, and 7S0 sacks. An ac- 
count of the imports, says the collector, would furnish no satisfactory results, as the cargoes of vessels entering the Colum- 
bia are mostly of small assorted lots, and although in thea^regate of considerable value, still they can not be asceruiiiu-d 
in detail. The navigation of the Columbia Kivcr is free to the Hudson's IJay Company, but goods introduced int<i the 
country through the mouth of the river, and landed for any other purpose than for portage, in aid of their being carried 
up the river and out of the territory, are subject to the duty. 

Govervnient.—'Dxe constitution of Oregon was promulgated in the law of Congress of the 14th August, 1848 : 

Every white male inhabitant of the Territory at the time of the passage of that law, 21 ye.irs old, who was a citizen of 
the United States, or who had on oath declared his intention to become such, or who should take the requisite oaths, was 
allowed to vote or be chosen to office at the first election ; but the legislature may prescribe further limitations. 

The Legislature is styled the General Assembly, and consists of a council of 9 members, and of a House of Repre- 
sentatives, of not less than IS. nor more than 30 members. Members of both bouses must have thequalificaiiotisof votera 
Councilors are chosen for three years, and representatives for one year. All laM-s passed by this legislature nuist be sub- 
mitted to Congress for approval or rejection. No session must continue more than 00 days. No bank, or any thing like 
a bank, shall be chartered or nermltted to exist in the Territory, as a branch of an institution chartered elsewhere or other- 
wise, and the Territory shall issue no scrip, neither pledge its faith, nor in any way borrow money. Salmon must not be 
prevented from passing up and down the streams. 

The governor, appointed by the President, holds office for four years, and until hts successor is appointed and qualified. 

* Pnciflc, Linn, Umptjua, and I.nne, ar»! new countiee. Lewis, Clark, and Pacific touDlies are now comprised in ihe Territory of Wftebinglon, 
and logellier. in I860, contained 1,201 iiiliabilniita 



onEoo?^. 



He is remuiable by Ihe appuititiiii: power. The governor is ex-offi<:io t^uperintendeut of Iiuiinii Affairs ; uiay gr:ml par- 
duns and respites for offenses against territorial laws, ami reprieve until the PrL-siUenl's will be luiown. for those :ij;aiiist 
the laws pf the United Slates. The secretary, justices, attorney, and marshal, are also appointed by tlie President. Tbo 
secretary holds ofllce fur live years, is removable by the Pn-sidenl, and in default of the governor (His his place. 

The Judicianj consists of a Supreme and District courts. There are three judicial disiricia. iu each of whieh a judge 
appointed for four years and until a successor be appointed and qualilUd, holds a district court, with law and equity 
jurisdiction as may be regulated by statute, and the sam6 three judges hold the supreme court, to which, eases not to be 
tried by a jury may be removed by appeal from the district courts. • Writs of ern-r and apiieal from the decisions of the , 
supreme court, lie to the Supreme Court of the United !~Iates where the matter in dispute exceeds $-'.iino, or wiiure the 
constitution, or a treaty of tho United Slates, or acts of Congress, are in question. In cases arising out of the Consiilution 
of the United States, or of territorial laws, the district courts have the same jm'isdiction as the CuilL-d states tiislrict and 
circuit courts. 

Other prominent provieions of the fundamental law, are: Tlie Secretary of Ihe Treasury of the Urdted Sl:itos shall 
regulate all disbursements of money intrusted to the governor or secretary ; the iiiliabitaiit.s shall enjoy the Ix-m tils of the 
Ordinance of 1TS7; existing laws, compatible with the constitution of the Urnted Slates, and with lliis act, unless reiH-ale<l 
by the legislature shall remain in force, exc<-pt tliose affecting the title to land, whieh are void ; a delegate to Congress, 
who shall be a citizen of the United Stales, sliall be ehoscn by a plurality of votes ; $o,(10i) is approju-iatcd to the pun-has-j 
of a territorial library ; sections 10 and 36 in every township arc set apart for the benefit of scliools ; all tin' ports of the 
mainland form Ihe collection district of Oregon, and Astoria is made a port of entry ; a port of delivery may be established 
on Fuget's Sound, and one otlier elsewhere-; $15,0i)ii is apjiropriated for lightrhonscs and buoys, etc. 

On the 27th Septcmijer, 1S50, an act was passed, providing for a Surveyor-General of the Territory, and to provide for 
Uic survey, and to make donations to settlers of the pulilic lands. Its i)rincipal provisions are as follows: 

There isgranted \u every settler or occupant of the public lands, Auicriean half-breed Indians included, above thci age 
of 13, a citizen of the United States, or having made a declaration of his intention to become a citizen, or who shall make 
such declaration on or before Dec. 1, ISol, now residing in said Terrilory. or who shall become a rLsidenl on or before 
Dec. 1, ISoO, and who shall have resided upon and cultivated the same for four consecutive years, and shall give satis- 
factory proof of settlement and cultivation within 12 months after the surveys have been made, one hall-section or 3*20 
acres of land, if a single man, and if married, or if he shall be married within one year from Dec. 1, Is.'iii. one section or 
6l'l acres, one half to himself and the other half to his wife, to be held by her in her own right; and the surveyur-geut-ral 
shall designate the part enuring to the husband and that to the wife, and enter the same on the records of his ofiiee, and 
when married persons become entitled to a grant, and cither shall die bi-lbre the patent issues, Ihe survivor and cluldren 
shall be entitled to equal jiortions of the estate, unless it is disposed of by will, mider the laws of Or<gon. Wlien an :ilien 
has declared his intention to become a citizen, and shall die before naturali/.alion. Iiis possessory right shall go to his heirs 
or devisees. Donations sh:ill embrace the land actually occupied by the settler, shall be in a eonipa.t form, and shall be 
taken as nearly as practicable by legal subdivisions, anil shall be claimed wiUiin three months from the ronipU lion uf tho 
survey. Contracts for the sale of the land before the patent is issued art; void. If any settler shall die before Hie expira- 
tion of said four years, his right shall descend to his heirs in equal parts. 

To all white male citizens of the United Stales, or persons who shall have made a declaration of intenllon to become 
such, above the age of 21, emigrating to and settling in said Territory between Dee. 1, ISOO, and Dec. 1, 1S.'.3, and to all 
white male American citizens, not hereinbefore provided for, becoming 21 years of age in said Territory and aetiling there 
between the times last aforesaid, who shall comply with the foregoing provisions, there is granted one-quarter seeiiun or 
11)0 acres of land, if a single man; or if married, or if he shall be married within one year from his arrival in said Terril'iry, 
or within one year after becoming 21 years of age, then one half-section or 320 acres, one half to the luisband :uul the 
other half to the wife in her own right, to be designated by the Surveyor-General. Ko person j-halt ever receive a jialenl 
for more than one donation of land in said Territory, in his or her own right, 

Ko claims upon sections 16 and 36 for residence and cullh'alion of the same, after the survey, shall be valid. Ci'rla in 
lands are given for the endowment of a university. No mineral lands, nor lauds reserved for salmes, can be claimed 
under this act. 

All persons claiming land under this act, by virtue of settlement and cultivation commenced subsf-quent to Dec. 1, ISoO, 
must first make oath that the laud elaimeil by them is for their own use and culLivation; that Ihey are inH iieting as agents 
for oUiers in making such chums ; and lliat they have made no sale or Iratisfer, or any agreement Ibr any srdo or transfer, 
or by which the said land shall enure to the benefit of any otlier person, and persons making false or fraudulent oaths or 
affirmations shall be subject to ail the pains and penalties of perjury. 

Heligimis I)eno7ninations. — The statistics of the several religious denominations in the Statu in 1S.J0, according to tho 
census of that year, were aa follows: 



Denomin.v Ko. of Cliurclt V.iliie of 

tioiig. Churilies. ari-inn, Prope/ty. 

Baptist 1 100 *2,o6o 



Denotnina- No. of Cluirch Vnlue n( | Dennminii- No of Cimrcli Value cif 

tion*. Cliii I lies, occoin. Pr-'perty. lion-. Clmn lifis. :n.i.<iiii. i'roi.i^ity. 

Jewish — — $— Tunker — .... ~ $ — 

Lutheran ... — — — T'nirin — — — 

Mi'unomle... — — — Unitarian — — — 

Methodist,... 1 .... r.no .... 22.nnn Universabst .. — .... — .... — 



Moravian — — .... — 

Tresbylerian . 1 200 5,000 

R.Oalholic... 5 ....1,?33..,. -11,320 
Swedenbo'n.. — .... — — 



Minor Sects .. — — — — 

Total,... 9 .... 3,133.... §T0,520 



Christian. 
Congregal"!. . 
Dutch Hot.. 
Episcopal . .. 

Free 

Friend% 

German Kef. 

Oregon Territorj' forms a part of the lloinan Catholic Ecclesiastical province, of which Oregon City is the metropuliian 
see, and comprises the diocese of Oregon City, Wallawalta, Fort llall, and Colville. The l^iscopal Church Jias not yet 
been established in the Territory. 

Educational Statistics.— ll is not expected that education in so sparsely populated a Territory as Oregon can have 
made much j)rogres3. No statistics arc yet published on whieh dependence can be placed, but it is well known that in 
all the cities there are not rmly common schools, but rcspectjdilc acadetnii-s, and provision has alrea<iy been made for a 
college or university. The grant of the If.th and SGth section in each township of land for educational purposes is double 
the amount allowc<l to the western and other new Slates, and in course of time will become an ample fund. 

633 



ORE 



OKI 



Oregon, as a field of labor for the fiirmer, mechanic, and scholar, or the Christian, has become conspicuous, anil will 
continue to attract more and more the attention of the virtuous and industrious who shall emigrate from the Atlanlio 
States. While California, poor in soil and most of the conditions for st<.'ady induslrj", holds out her peculiar attractions to 
tlioso who, by a temporary sojourn, would make haste to be rich, Oregon otTers a home to all who would become perma- 
ntut members of a community relying upon tlie pursuits of agriculture and the arts fur prosperity. What the first liaa 
hofXi in Die eyes of men of commerce, the last has come tn be in the view of those who cultivate the soil or follow the me- 
chanic art-s. These two countries, though adjoining, differ no less widely in their physical capabiUlies than in the exam- 
plts they are furnishing of the law of colonization. *In the one case wc-allh precedes educational and religious establish- 
ments and the reign of law and order; native gold dug from the earth or gatlu-rcd from its surface, or separated from the 
pulverized rock, furniehes the means of support for churches, school-houses, and colleges, long before a community 
appears that recognizes them as indispensable elements in the machinery of the State. In the other, while wealth is an- 
tieipati'd as lUc reward of long-continued effort, and as incidental to the sure and steady growth of a diflferent class of 
interests, the members of the new comnmnity can not dispense with institutions which should accompany the colonizers 
Bs their household gods. This mode of settlement is one that commends itself to those who hope well for the ultimate 
character of those portions of our country yet to be occupied. It is the only way in which a great State can ever be built 
up. Tlie deep foundati(ins of prosjierity rest upon the labors of a colony actuated by such views of life and eflbrt 

The sovereignty over this Territory was long claimed both by the United States and Great Britain, and after ISIS w.n5 
held in joint occupancy, being, however, subject to neither The coasts of this country were discovered by the Spanianls 
in the 16th century, but in 1792 the discovery of the Columbia Kiver, by Captain Gray, gave to the United States a claim 
to sovereignty. The British derived their claim from discovery and occupation. In 1S04-5-6 Captains Lewis and Clarke 
explored the country from the mouth of the Missouri to the mouth of the Columbia, and spent the winter of 1S05-6 on tlie 
Pacific. Tn ISOS the first trading-house established on the waters of the Columbia was erected by the Missouri Fur Cora- 
pauy on Lewis River. In ISIO the Pacific fm- Company, at tJie head of -which was the late John Ja'cob Astor, of New 
York, was founded, and in the following year Fort Astoria was built at the mouth of the Columbia. This fort was taken 
during the last war by the English, but peace returning, it was again deliven^d by the British Government to its original 
owners. The disputes respecting the sovereignty were renewed in 1S45, and in 1S46 a treaty between England and the 
United States defined the line of 49^^ as the division between the territories of the two nations. The people of Oregon 
hitherto had existed under a government of their own, and made their own laws. A bill to establish a territorial govern- 
ment pnsscd the House of Representatives 16th January, 1S47, but was not acted on by the Senate. In 1S4S a bill passed 
both housfs of Congress, and was approved by the President, 14th August. The government was soon after organized 
according to the pntvij-ions of the new law, and the independent government ceased. The emigration to Oregon is con- 
tinually increasing in tnmibera. 

Sai-em, on the east side of the Willamette River, is the political capital of the State. 



(Lancaster coimty, Penn.: 81 m. E. by S. 
., Clarke county, Ind.: 87 miles S. by E. 



Oregon county. 3[o. Situate S., and contains 1,756 sq. m. 
Drained by Eleven Point and branches of Siffing rivers, 
Surface generally oven : soil moderately fertile, and yields 
average crops of com, wheat, etc. This is a fine mineral 
counly, containing excellent beds o*" iron, copper, and lead 
ores, with others of importance. King's Mount is situate in 
the N. Much of the land is covered with pine and other 
timber. Farms 130; manuf. 3 ; dwell. 25'2, and pop. — wh. 
1,392. fr. col. 22, si. IS— total 1,432. CapiUil: Thomasville. 

Oregon, p. o., JeflVrson county, Ala. : S4 miles N. W. 
Montgomery. 

OnKGHN, p. 

Ilarristnirg. 

Okkgon. p. 
Indiannpolis. 

Orkgon, p. v„ and cap. TTolt co.. ]\fo. : 195 m. N. W. 
Jefferson City, and nenr the left bank of the Missouri r. It 
contains the court-house and several dwellings. 

OaKGON, p. o., Chautauque co., 2^. Y. : 295 m. W. S. W. 
Albany. 

Ohegon. p. o., Warren co., Ohio: 71 m. S.W. Columbus. 

Oregon, sta., Seneca co., OJiio: on the line of the Mad 
River and Lake Erie R. R.. 46 m. Sandiiaky City. 

Orrgon, t. and p. v., Dane co., Wiifc.: in the S. part of 
the county. Drained l^y a branch of Sugar r. Surface roll- 
incr. The lands are very good, and the soil well adapted to 
agricultural purposes. Pnp. of t. G3S. 

Okegon, p. o., Lincoln county, 7V7i«.. ; G7 m. S. i E. 
Nashville. 

Oregon Crrv, p. v., and cap. Ogle co., Ifl. : on the right 
bank of Rock r., 159 m. N. i E. Springfield. Pop. 540. 

Oregon City, p. v., and cap. Clackamas co., Oreff. Ter.: 
on thn rigiit bank of the Willamette r., 84 m. N..E. Salem 
and 12 m. above Portland. The falls at this place afford it 
an Immense water-power, which has been improved to 
some extent It was formerly the territorial capital, and 
contains the co. buiMin:rs. The ** Statesman" and "Spec- 
tator" are newspapers ])ublished here. The v. has thriving 
trade, and mav he considered as the commercial de[)fltof 
684 



the upper Willamette country. The office of the U. S. sur- 
veyor-general is stationed here. Pop. 697. 

Oregonia, p. 0., Tuscaloosa co., Ala. : ST m. W. N. W. 
Montgomery. 

Ore Hill, P.O., Litchfield co., Own.: 87 m.W. Hartford. 

Orford, t and p. o., Grafl.on co., JV; Ilamp.: on the Con- 
necticut r., 51 m. N. W. Concord. Drained by several small 
streams flowing into the Connecticut r. Soil in general fer- 
tile. Near the centre of the t. are situate mounts Cuba arni 
Sunday. At the foot of a high mountain, near the river, 
limestone is found in abundance — g.-^y granite and a fine 
quality of soap-stone are found in many places. Galeiui, 
or lead ore, of fine texture, has been discovered in consid- 
erable quantities. There are some fiourishing farms ahuig 
Uie banks of the river. The v. is connected with Fairlee by 
a bridge, at which point there is a station on the Connecti- 
cut and Passumpsic R. E., 22 m. N. White River Junction, 
Vei-m. The t. contains several mills. Pop. of t, l,40(i. 

Orfordville, p. v., Grafton county, A' Ilamj).: on the 
Wentworth post-road, 54 m. N. W. Concord. 

Orient, t. and p. o., Aroostook co., Me. : 143 m. N. E. 
Augusta. Chapatnetecook, or Grand, ami North lake, form 
its E. boundary. Drained by a stream flowing into Norlh 
lake. It is a fine agricultural to^vn. Pop. 207. 

Orient, p. v., Suft'olk county, X. Y. : until recently called 
"Oyster Pond," 193 m. S. E. Albany. Is very pleasantly 
situated, commanding a view of Long Island Sound on tlie 
N., and Gardiner's hay on the S. and E. 

OnoN.p. 0., Pike eo., Ahi. : 83 m. S. E. Montgomery. 

OinoN, p. v.. Henry co.. III. : 113 m. N. N. W. Spfinglicld. 

Orion, p. o., Richland counly, Wise. : 53 miles W. by N. 
Madison. 

Oriskany, p. v., Oneida eo., K. 7. : on Oriskany cr., and 
on the Syracuse and Utica R. R. and Erie Cjinal, 7 ni. from 
Utica. and 59 ra. N. W. Alhany. The " Oriskany Manufac- 
turing Company" have large maim factories here, au'l are 
cxtonsively engaged in the manufacture of woolen goods. 

Oriskany creek, N. Y.: rises in Madison co., and flowing 
N. E. enters the Muhiiwk r. at Orisliany village, Oneida COj 



ORI 



ORW 



It is a valuable mill stream. On it are situate extensive 
cotton and woolen factories. 

Ortskany Falls, p. v., Oneida co., iVI 3' ; 95 m-TV. by N. 
Albany, on the Oriskany cr. and Clienango Canal, wl^^re 
the fall is from 30 to 35 feet, alTiirding excellent water-power. 
There are a number of mills at Iliia point. 

OniZABA, p. o., Tippah county, J/(w.: 167 m. N. by E. 
Jai'kson. 

Orlaxd, p. v., Steuben county, Ind. : on Fawn r., 141 m. 
N. E. Indianapolis. 

Okland, p. o., Couk CO., 77/. ; 175 m. N. E. Springfield. 

Orland, t. and p. v., Hancock co., Jfr; : on Ihc K. side of 
rencbscot r., o'i m. E. Ijy N. .^ui^nsta. Tiiere are a number 
of puuds in the town, by the outlct-s uf which it is drained. 
Soil is good. It has fine facilities for trade by water, but 
none of importance is carried on. Orphan island is directly 
opposite, and but a short distance from the t. Population 
of t. 1.530. 

Oklean, p. o., Fauquier county, Vi/y. : 7D m. N. by "W. 
Kiehmond. 

Orleans parish, La. Situate S. K., and contains 153 
sq. m. It is almost insulated by the ailjaeetit lakes and riv- 
ers. On the N. is Lake Pontcharlrain and the Iligolets, 
on the S. E. Lake Borgne, and on the S. tlic Mississippi r. 
and Bayou Bienvenu, which latter coim-cU the r. with Lake 
Bnrgne. Between the liigolets and Lake Borgne are sev- 
eral swamp islands, on one of which is Fort I'ike, command- 
ing the entrance to Lake Pontchartrain. The main-land is 
also a cnntinuous swamp, but in parts is capable of being 
used for sugju", rice, cotton, etc, and liere also are produced 
large supplies of ganlen vegCLables and tine delicious fruits, 
wliich are so abundant in the New Orleans markets. The 
production is very small, however, in rehition to the extent 
of the parish ; but perhaps no other part of the world re- 
ceives a greater share of commercial material from tributary 
dislricls, New Orleans, its capital, being the dep6t of the 
great Mississippi valley. Farms 51; manuf. 5-1; dwell. 
15,021, and pop.— wh. 91.355, fr. col. 10,033, si. IS.OGS^— total 
109.4G1. CdpiUil: New Orleans. Puhlic Works: New 
Orleans, Jackson, and Northern K. E. ; Mexican Gulf R. It. ; 
New Orleans and Carrollton R. K. ; New Orleans, Milne- 
burg, and Lake Pontcharlrain K. K., etc, 

Okleans county, iV", Y. Situate N. W., and contains 373 
sq. m. Drained by -Johnson's, Oak Orchard, and Sandy 
creeks, which fall into Lake Ontario. Surface is divided 
into three distinct terraces, rising successively one above 
the other, the highest elevation being about 400 feet above 
the level of the lake ; soil fertile, a dcei> loara, with sand and 
clay inlerniixcd. It contains some beds of bog-iron ore, 
and some brine and sulphur springs. Agriculture is the 
leading pursuit. Farms 2,271; manuf. 232; dwell. 5,273, 
mid pop.— wh. 2S,399, fr. col. 102— total 2S,5iJl. C<tpit(tl: 
Albion. Puhlic Works: Rochester, Lockpurt, and Niagara 
Falls K. R. ; Erie Canal. 

Oklkans county, Verm. Situate N., and conttdns 641 
?q. m. Drainwl by Block, Barton, and Clyde rivers, which 
flow into Memphremagog lake in the N., and by chief 
branclicsof Onion and Nussisque river.'). Surface umluluting 
and diversified with small lakes; soil fertile and easy of 
cultivation, suited for grain. It lias considerable commerce 
with Canada by way of Lake Memphremagog. Farms 
2,n.%5; manuf. C^; dwell. 2,7S0, and pop.— wh. 15,093, fr. 
cnl. 14— tntal 15.:o7. Otpitul: Irasburg. PuUh Works: 
Atlanlie and St. Lawrence li. R., and a projected railroad 
from iliis towanl Rouse's Point 

Orleans, p. v., Orange co., Tnd. : on the New Albany 
and Salem R. R., 57 m. from New Albany, and 75 m. S. by W. 
IndiaJiapoIis. 

Orleans, p. o., Alleghany co., iJW. .• 137 m. "W. N. "W. of 
Annapolis. 

Orleans, t. and p. v., Barnstable co., 3fas9. : G3 m. S. E. 
Bnston. It extends across Capo Cod, with Nnuset harbor 
on tlie N. E. and washed by Pleasaul bay on the S. A very 



pleasant v. is situated in the centre of the t., about 20 miles 
from tlie court-house. Surface rolling; suil barren. Chief 
occupation of inltaluUints, fi->bing and nianufiicture of salt. 
There are several ishiuds in the buy belonging to this town. 
Pop. of t. 1.&4S. 

Orleans, p. v.. Polk county, 2Io.: oii the E. fork Sac r. 
100 m. S. W. defferpMU City. 

Orleans, p. o., Ontario county, X. T.: 173 ul \Y. by N. 
Albany. 

Okleans Four Cokneks, p. o., -JefTerson cuunty, X Y. : 
153 nL N. N. W. Albany. 

Orme's Store, p. o., BlC'lsoe county, T'm7i. : 91 m. S. E. 
Nashville. 

Orseville, I. and p. v., Piscataquis co., 3f<\ : 1)7 m. N. E 
AugushL Draineii by the head waters i>f Pnshaw ^a branch 
of Penoljscot r.), which has its source in a jmndjii the cen- 
tre of the I. Surface rolling; soil fertile; adapted U) grain. 
The Bangor post-road passes through ihe v. Pop. of t. 424. 

Oro, p. v.. and cap. Placer co., t'<i!f/. : on K. side of 
Feather r.,29 m. N. E. Yallejo. Pop. about 3,00(1. 

Orono, t. and p. v., Penobscot co., J/f*. : on the right bank 
of ilic Penobscot r., 67 m. N. E. August:i. Drained by two 
small streams flowing into Pushaw lake on its N. AY. border. 
The soil is well atlapled to the production of wlieat, which 
is raised in large quantities. March's i.sliind. in tin- Penob- 
scot r., in lact belongs to the town. Extensive trade in Umu- 
ber is carried on between here ami Bangor. The Bangor 
and Piscataquis li. R. passes through the I., on whicli is a 
station called Upper Stillwater, 9 m. from Bangor. The t. 
contains several lumber-yards and work.sliops, numerouji 
mills, and a number of stores and dwellings. Pop. 2,7b5. 

Oronoco, p. o.. Amherst co., Virg.: 79 m. W. Richmnrid. 

Okpuan's island, Penobscot county, J/c. .- its N. pari lies 
directly opposite the t. of Bueksport, to w liich it is attached ; 
it di\ides the Penobscot r. into two l)rancbes; on the W. or 
main branch, called the "Narrows," is a foi't con^trneted by 
tlie United Stales government. Its E. braneh is called E:l^t 
River. The island derived its name from an orphan who 
inhabited it atone time, it being her part of the Waldo es- 
tate. It is 4 m. in length, and contains 5.000 acres of land. 

Orrinoton, t. and p. v., Penobscot co., Me. : on E. side 
of Penoltscot r., 59 m. N. E. Augusta. A pond and a amali 
stream fl<,'Wing into the Penobscot r., atlbrds good water- 
power and fine mill-seats. Soil of good quality, well adapted 
to wheat, which is raised in large quantities. The fucililies 
for navigation are excellent. The village is pleasantly 
situated nu the banks of the Penobscot, and is a place of 
considerable manufacturing industrj'. Poinilatiou of town 
1,852. 

Orrstot\'n, p. v., Franklin co., Penn. : on a fork of Cone- 
dogwinit cr., 40 m. AV. S. W. Harrislmrg. 

Orksville, p. v., Gwinnett co., G<i. : on E. side of Chat- 
lahoochie r., 93 m. N. N. W. Milledgeville. 

Orrsvtlle, p. v., Arni-strong co., P^n/i.: on E. bank of 
tlie Alleghany r., at mouth of Mahoning cr., 141 ul W. N.W. 
Harrisl)urg. 

Orrville. sta., Wayne co., Ohio : an the lino of the Ohio 
and Pennsylvania R. R., 11 ni. E. from Wooster, and 84 m. 
N. E. Columbus. 

Orr-. ille, p. o., Mecklenburg co., A'. Cur. : 115 ra-W. S.W. 
Raleigh. 

Okrville, p. o., Dallas co.. Jl<i. : 47 m. W. Montgomery, 

Orwei.l. t- and p. v., Oswego co., X. Y. : l;j3 hlW. N.W. 
Albany. Draiind by Salim-n r. and its branches. Surface 
rolling; soil ferlile in part.s; generally s-indy, with good 
woodlands. The v. is situated in tlio centre of the town. 
J*op. of t. l.loO. 

Orwell, t. and p. v., Ashtabula co., Okio: 1.52 m. N. K. 
Columbus. Draiii'-d by (Irand r. and its brandies. Surface 
elevated and well wooded ; soil good. Pop, of t. 825. 

Orwell, t, and p. o., Bradford co., Penn. : 109 m. N. J E. 
Harrison. Drained by two creeks flowing into the Susque- 
hanna r. Surface uneven, in parts billy ; soil f-Ttile, The 

655 



k » 



.1 



ORW 

manufactures consist principally of woolen goods. Popula- 
tion of 1. 1,327. 

Okwell, t. and p. v., Rutland co., Venn. : on E. side of 
Lake Chamjilain, opposite Ticonderoga, ^V. 3!, 45 m. S. M^. 
MoTilpt-lier. Drained by a branch of Onion r. and a stream 
flowing into the lake. Surface varied, in parts rugged, the 
remaining even and very fertile, producing grain in great 
al.tundance. The streams afford ex ellent mill privileges. 
Epsom sails are procured from a spring in the t., near the 
lake shore. Mount Independence is in the W. part of the 
t, near the lake — cek'l)rated in the Kevolutiouary War. 
Pirst settled in 17S3. The v. is situate centrally. Popula- 
tion of 1. 1.470. 

Okwigsuuro, p. b., and cap. Schuylkill county, Penn. : 
49 m. N. E. llarrisburg and 3 m. N. of the Hno of the Phil- 
adelphia and Heading li. li., on which is a station of same 
name, 7 in. from Pottsville. The b. contains the court- 
house, jail, and other public buildings. The " Skenna des 
Pi^ilks*' (deal.), is a weekly issue. Pop. 9i)3. 

Osage county, Mo. Situate E. centrally, and contains 
S55 sq. m. Brained by Gasconade r. and other streams of 
the Missouri, which bounds it on the N. Surface hilly ; soil 
fertile. Timber is found on tlie land. Farms 711 ; manuf. 
9 : dwell. liiS2. and pop.— wh. 6,484, fr. col. 0, si. 270— total 
6,704. CapiUd: Linn. 

Osage, p. v., Crawford co., Mo. : oa Osage fork of Mara- 
mec r., 67 m. S. E. Jefterson City. 

Osage, p. c, Carroll co., Ark. : on Osage fork of King r., 
lie m. N. W. Little Kuck. 
Osage, p. o., Fremont co., la. : 223 m. S. W. Iowa City. 
OsAOE river. Mo.: rises in the Indian Territory, flows 
into the State of Missouri, and after a winding course througli 
the counties of Bates, St. Clair, Benton, Camden, and Miller, 
forms the division between Cole and Osage, and enters the 
Missouri r. at Formosa village, 9 m. E. Jefferson City. It is 
375 yards wide at its moutli, and navigable for steamboats 
275 m. Length about 400 m. The land along ifa borders is 
in general very fertile. It has numerous tributaries which 
afford extensive hydraulic-power to several counties in ila 
coiuse. 

OsAGB Point, p. o., Benton co., Ark. : on Prairie creek, 
152 m. N. W. Little Kock. 

OsANipPA, p. o., Chambers county, Ala. : 67 m. N. by E. 
Montgomery. 
OsEoEN, p. v., Eock CO., Wise. : 25 m. S. by E. Madison. 
OsnoBN, sta., Greene co., Ohio : on Mad Kiver and Lake 
Erie K. E.. 148 ni. Sandusky and 70 m. Cincinnati. 

OsBonxE Hollow, p. o., Broome county, ^V. 1' ; 115 ra. 
W. by S. Albany. 

OsuoRN's Bbidge, p. o.j Fulton co., N. Y.: 89 m. N. "W. 
Alb:my. 

OsnoKN's Ford, p. v., Scott county, Virg. : on Clinch r., 
175 m. S. W. by S. Richmond. 

OscEO, sta.. Hillsdale co., Mich. : on the Michigan South- 
em P. P., 64 m. W. Monroe and 5S m. S. Lansing. 

OscF.OLA county, Mich. Situate W. centrally of the South 
Peninsula, and contains 576 sq. m. Drained by the Mas- 
kegon r. and its affluents, and branch of the Manistee r. 
Surface elevated, but level ; soil generally deep and rich 
mold. Organizt'<l since 1S50. 

OfiCKOLX, t. :ind p. o., Lewis co., .V. 3'.- 119 m. N. "W. 
Albany. Drained by Salmon r. and its tributaries. Popu- 
lation of t. 412. 

Oscoda county, Mich. Situate N. E. of the South Penin- 
sula, and contains 576 sq. m. Brained by An Sal)le r.. 
wliich traverses its cenlnd part. Surface level ; soil in most 
purls fertile. Set olT since 1S5I). 

OsELicnA, p. o., Chambers county, Ala. : Gl m. N. E. 
Montgomery. 

OsEoLA, p. v., and cap. St. Clair co., Mo. : on the S. side 
of Osage r., 93 m. W. S. W. Jetferson City. The county 
couri-honso \% situate here. The "Oscola Independent" 
(whig) is issued weekly. Pop. 60lX 



osw 

OsuAUKUTA, p. b., Columbia co., TTwc. ; 31 m. N. Madison. 

OsuKosn, p. v., and cap. Winnebago co., Wi^c. : on W. 

side of Lake Winnebago, and 7S m. N. E. Madison. Thero 

are two papers, the O^bkosh Democrat" and " Telegraph,'* 

issued here. Pop. about GOO. 

OsKAi.oosA, p. v., and cap. Mahaska county, la. : on the 
Iowa City post-road, near a brancli of the Bes Moines r., 
61 m. S. W. Iowa City. It contains the county court-house. 
The "O. Herald" (whig) is issued weekly. Po|). 625. 

OsNABUHG, t. and p. v., Stark county, Ohuj: 104 miles 
N. E. by E. Columbus. Drained by the tributaries of S-indy 
river. Surface hilly; soil good, with forest of good oak 
timber. The v. is a thriviog place, and has several stores 
and mechanic shops. Pop. of t. 2,227. 

OssAJJAW island and sound, Bryan co., Ga. : at the mouth 
of Ogeechee r. The island is flat and sandy, the soumi is 
an inlet between this island and Warren island. The island 
is 10 m. long. 

OssAWA, p. 0., Clinton county, Ji/lck.: 37 m. W. by N. 
Lansing. 

OssiAN, t. and p. v., Alleghany county, J^'. Y. : 17S m. W. 
Albany. Drained by Canaseragacr. and a few small streams 
which flow into the Genesee r. The Buffalo and New York 
City K. E. passes through the S. W. part of t Surface roll- 
ing: soil very fertile. There are in the t. several mills and 
dwellings, and places of instruction. The v, is situated on 
a tributary of Canaseraga cr. Pop. of 1 1,2S3. 

OssiAN, p. v., Wills CO., J7ul.: on a branch of Bee or., 
91 m. N. E. Indianapolis. 

OssiPEE, X., p. v., and cap. Carroll co., 2^. ITujnp. : 34 m. 
N. N. E. Concord. Brained by Ossipee r., outlet of a lake 
so called, I\ ing on its N. E. border. There are several small 
streams and ponds in the t. ; soil fertile. Ossipee Mountain 
lies in the N. W. part and extends into the adjoining towns, 
it is 6 or S miles in length, and is so elevated that in easterly 
storms the wind breaking over the summit frequently causes 
mueh injury to the farms and buildings at its base. There 
is a mound near the W. shore of Ossipee lake 45 or 50 feet 
in diameter and 10 feet high, from whirh have been taken 
several entire skeletons, and also tomahawks, etc., giving 
cause to the supposition, that the tribe of Indians once so pow- 
erful in this vicinity had their principal residence here. In- 
corporated in 17S5. The v. is on the W. side of Ossipee 
lake, and contiiins the court-house and other public build- 
ings, a number (tf stores, and some mills. Pop. of 1, 2.123. 
OssiPEK mountains, Carroll co., 2i\ Ilamp. : a little N. of 
the N. part of Winnipiseogee lake, extending E. S m., to 
within about 4 m. of 0:^sipee lake. Ossipee forms in pari 
what is termed tlie Eastern JIange. 

Ostenu, p. 0., M'tlenry county. III.: 169 ra. N. N. E. 
Springfield. 

OsTEKD, p. o., Washington county, Ohio: S8 m. S. E. 
Columbus. 

OsTEKvii.LE. p. v., Barnstable co., Mdns.: opposite Grand 
island, 54 m. S. E. Boston. 
OswAVO, p. 0,, Potter co., Penn. : 115 m. N.W. Harrlsburg. 
OswEGATcniE river, AT Y. : rises by two branches in N. 
part of Herkimer co., pursues a circuitous course of 125 m. 
through SI. Lawrence co., in a N. W. direction, and flows 
into tlie St. Lawrence river at Ogdensburg. 

OswEoo county, N. Y. Situate in tlie N., to the E. of 
Lake Ontario, and contains 923 sq. m. Brained by Oswego 
and Salmon rivers, and S.ilnion, Catfish, Scott, Scriba, and 
Black creeks, by wliich good water-power is supplied. 
Surface in g(-neral rolling, but in the N. rising to hills; soil 
ft-rtile. producing fine crops of grain. This county contains 
Mome minerals, the principal being bog-iron ore. IL lias 
some fine ponds or hikes by which the face of the country 
is diversified. Farms 4,497; manuf. 640; dwell. ll,OGl,.and 
pop.— wh. C1.9S0. fr. Pbl. 218— total G2,19S. CapiUtli: Os- 
wego and Puhiski. Puhlic Works : Oswego ami Syracuse 
K. R. : Watertown and Rome E. E. ; Oswego Canal, etc. 
Oswego, t. and p. v., Kendall co., ML : on the left bank of 



osw 

Fox r., a. cnnstitiient of (he Illinois r., 143 m. N. E. Spriug- 
fiL'liJ. The Axirora Extfiisioii Knilroad riiua on ihe opposite 
side of the r.. about 3 ui. distant, rttji. 1,599. 

Oswego, p. city, port of entry, and alternately with Pu- 
laski, cap. Oswego co., JV. T. : on both sides of Oswego r., at 
lis entrance into Lake Ontario, 149 m.W. N. W. Albany. The 
mouth of Ihe river forms the harbor, which lias been nnich 
improved by arlUicial works, and it has falls just above 
wliicii, though preventing its being navigated, furui?;h im- 
mense hydraulic power. Next to Sackett's llarbur, that of 
(_is\vego is the best on the south side of the lake. The har- 
bor improvements consists of piers jutting into the lake, 
forming a "gut," in which the water has a depth of from 12 
to 2(i feet. It is connected Willi the Krie by the Oswego 
Canal at Syracuse, and with the Cenlral Kailroad by the 
r?yracuse and Oswego line. These afford it facile commu- 
nication with tide-water, and are the channels of an im- 
mense commerce coastwise, and from Canada. At present 
It is the chief American dejiOl for the trade passing through 
the Welland Canal, and from Toronto and other British 
ports on the lake. 

The collection disinct of which Oswego is the port of 
entry, commenees at Stony Point, and extends to tlie W. 
shore of Sodiis Bay, SO miles. The shipping places are 
Texas, Port Ontario, Sandy creek, Oswego, Litile Sodus, 
and Sodus Point. The toimage of vessels enrolled and 
licensed within the district in ISSO was 22.4i'4 tons, of which 
4,079 tons were navigated by steam. Nine vessels (500 
tons) were built during the year. The clearances in Iha 
foreign trade in 1&50 were 1,598 (251,799 tons), of which 660 
were American (L3-2,7S9 tons), and 93S foreign (69,010 tons) ; 
and the entrances were 1.657 (195,793 tons), of wljich 6S1 
were American (1'22,311 tons), and 976 foreign (73,4S2 tons). 
The commerce of \'\iq jnvt of Oswego for the year 1S4S, 
According to the report of T. D. Andrews to Congress, in 
Pecember, ISoO, la exhibited in the annexed tables : 

ABBIYALS. 
Vessels. No. Tone. Men. 

American 293 91,218 4,101 

Foreign ho' 42,104 2.560 

Coastwise 1.5G3 342,4i'3 10,459 



American 313 101.774 , 

Foreign &22 8^,478 . 

Coastwise 1.445 .., 



Total 2,392 475,925 23,150 

Men. 

. 4,219 

. 2,417 

336,919 15.532 

Total 2.2S3 ". 477,201 22,168 

Tlie total value of imports from foreign countries was 
$524,045, of which $103,360 was the value of merchandise 
bronglit in foreign vessels, and $415,685 of that brought in 
American vessels; and the total value of goods exported to 
foreign countries was $1,391,471, of which .^938,544 was the 
value of foreign, and $452,927 of domestic goods Of the 
foreign goods exported, the value carried in American ves- 
sels was $242,609, and in foreign vessels, $695,935. Among 
the imports are enumerated the following articles: 

Articles. Paving Diiiy. Free of Duty. Warelioiised . 

Lumber 26,(^10,000 feet .. — .... — feet 

"^'heat 93,048 bush. . . — .... 5S,70S bush. 

Flour 19 bbls. .. — 49,252 bbls. 

^Vuol 3].'JT'.' lbs. .. — 2,0ini lbs. 



V;Ll.ofallimports$2l6.011 .. $7,751 .. $3on,273 

Among the exports of foreign goods, the following are 
enumerated: 

A.i...-.«, EiiilVi ii)I>ra"linck. Not Enlilled. From W.irelj't;. 

Sugar 3,072,049 ll-s. . . — lbs. . . 216,642 lbs. 

T*-a — .. W?,SS4» .. — « 

Spirits 3 2fX) gis. . . — .. 2,700 gK 

■\Vine9 2.4UI " ,. — ,. 2,932 " 

Val. of all for. exp. $2!>-.i.0S.i 



.$547,99$ ..$913,514 



Among the ex-porls of domestic goods are the following 

In .\riipric.in Vessela. In Foreign Vts^t 



Arti.lpg. (J-iaiii.ty. 


Value. 


Sail, bills IS.WO.. 


$17,ll'20. 


yimir ." 1,1 T'2.. 


s.'ieo. 


Kice, tierces 55. . 


1,051). 


LealtuT, rolls 155. . 


8.CC10. 


MtTchandisi", pUgs — . . 


99.-2S0. 


Tobiicco, boxfs 1,5."S. . 


38,.'J00. 


Tallow, bbls 346.. 


C,2:3lj. 


GrOL-tTiL'S — . . 


1S.200. 


CotUjn & wool niamilaclures, ) 
aiui boots and shoes J 







Q.in.ilitJ'. 
02,141 . . 

471.. 
1,S-T.. 

230.. 



1,109. 



5, 

4, 

irc. 
c. 
c, 

45, 



,45f 

m 

.461 
.4T« 
.110* 
,T9; 
.515 
.(Kill 



Tolal (int'Iiiilini; snnflries) $252,050.. .. .^452,927 

The following is an abslr.ict from Uie canal office-books 
of property landed at Oswego, in the jear 1S4S, with the 
estimated value and lis original destination: 

Arlicles. Western Stiites. 

Forest Products $ — .. 

Animal '* 737 . . 

Vegetable Food .... 99 . . 

Mauiilaetures 470,374 . . 

Merchandise S,7'.i0,s92 .. 

Other articles 16,473 . . 



Total. 




. $4,2S9,.575 ...$2,255,07S . .. .J-1,343.944 



The above are the latest uniform series of statistics on the 
commerce of the port accessible; Had we the returns for 
1S52 complete, they would show at least 100 per cent, in- 
crease in its amount and value — a fact indicated by isolated 
returns on different articles. The canal tolls, for instance, 
which in X^A-i were only $71,504, had risen iu 1S52 to 
$104,306, in spito of great reduction in the rates; and the 
following table exhibits a few leading articles carried on Uio 
canal in 1S51 : 



H U.<1 



.SSS.lSl bbls. 
1,076,212 bush. 
1,192.217 " 
179,971 " 
23,645 bbls. 
15,S54 " 
Sawed Imbr. .82,925,076 feet. 



Flour . . 
Wheal . 
Com.. . 
Barley. . 
Pork... 
Beef. . . . 



To 09' 

E. E. iron.... 

Iron 

JCails & Spks. 

Steel 

Merchandise. 

Sugar 

Salt 



9s,oS1.00711is. 

6,432.807 ■' 

. 3,093,267 " 

490.352 " 

25,517,835 " 

14.244.3Jl " 

131,9114,016 " 

The tonnage of all propertyrcaching Oswego in l>61),was 
129,2.62 tons, and in 1851, 180,715 tons — increase iu one year, 
51,463 tons. 

A lew of the leading articles from Canada in 1.849 and 
1850, comparatively show the rapid increase of business in 
that direction : 

Arti.les 

Flour, barrel.1 

Wheal, bushels 

Oats, bushels 

Potatoes, bushels 

Lumber, feel 44,137,287 . 

Butler, lbs 

Peas an<i beans, bushels. . 

The annexed table eojiicd from the books of the custom- 
house, exhibits the total value of foreign and domestics 
imports ami e.vports for six years : 

Yerir.. liii|.orn. EsportB. 

]<15 $2,973,693 . . . .$4,979,711 . . . 

_ 1816 6,03S,inO 4.464,872 

1847 8,090,576.... 9,977,243... 

ISIS 7,1121,353 .... 10,560,541 . . . 

1849 8,100,279 .... 10,458.968 . . . 

1860 8,325,789 .... 15,0S7,.343 . . . 

A large proportion of the commerce of Lake Ontario and 
Oswego comes from Lake Erie through the Wclland Canal, 
the increase of business on which, from 1S50 to 1851, was 

637 



1S40. 


IS-W. 


198,623 .. 


.. 260,874 


632.930 . . 


.. 1,094.444 


65.700 .. 


90.150 


6,6.18 . . 


10..373 


137,287 .. 


..50.085.6.52 


11.6,7.->9 .. 


. . 225,0ST 


16,322 . . 


22,330 



Total. 
$7,951,409 
9,602.972 
18.647.819 
17,687,894 
18,659,247 
24,013,131 



osw 



OTS 



nearly 40 per cent, Tho same increase is also apparent in 
tlie subsequent year, 1S52. The revenue from llie canal 
(36 miles long), for 1S51, amounted to $200,000. Many 
arlk-lcs. the profiuct of the Mississippi valley, are also pre- 
forrinar the lake to the southern route, and of course seeking 
the port nearest to the point of destination. Oswego as such 
port has many advantages, but will perhaps have a com- 
petitor when the So(]U3 Canal and railroad are completed. 
That the rapifl progress of Oswego, hnwev»'r, is not tempo- 
rary, is loo apparent to allow of a doubt. The past is but a 
prelude to the future, which will pour iip<>n Oswego an 
amount of commerce unprecedented and astonishing. \Yhen 
the proposed system of railroads in Canada is completed, 
the commerce of Lake Ontario will become even greater 
than that of Lake Krie as being nearer to tidc-waler, and 
more accessible at a less cost from the gea-board cities. 

As before remarked, Oswego is built on both sides of the 
river. The two parts are united by a bridge 700 feet long, 
and the ground rising on both sides from the river, affords 
excellent drainage, and many beautiful sites for building. 
The place is laid out with streets running at right angles, 
and public squares on which are the principal buildings. 
The streets are 100 feet wide. Many of the residences are 
costly and handsome structures; the court-house is located 
on the east side of the river, and on an elevation to the west 
of the river are the Presbyterian and Episcopal churches, 
two of the best edifices of the place. There are also Baptist, 
Methodist, Roman Catholic, and other churches. Other 
buildings of much architectural beauty are founil in various 
directions, and much taste is everywhere developed in both 
the public and private edifices. 

Oswego has great advantages as a manufacturing city. 
The water-power atforded by the river and canal is immense, 
and is used in a variety of manufactures, but chiefly by 
several extensive fiouring-raills. On both sides of the river 
large manufacturing eatablisliraents are located, among 
which is a large starch manufactorj', which supplies an 
extensive market with that artiele. The water-power of tlie 
phiee has been greatly improved by the construction of a 
leader dam 7^ feel high, about a mile above. 

In the place there arc a number of commission houses in 
the foreign trade ; numerous warehouses and retail stores, 
several fine hotels, an extensive railroad depflt, the canal 
warehouses, a custom-hoiise, three banks, several insurance 
olSces, printing-otfices, lumber yards, etc. 

The periodicals printed here are — the " Commercial 
Times" twhig), daily and weekly; the "Daily Kews;" the 
" 0. Paladium" (dem.), weekly ; and the '■ People's Jour- 
nal," weekly. Besides the common schools, which are 
numerous, there are also located here an incorporated 
academy, and a first-rate female seminary, botli in a very 
flourishing condition. There are also numerous private 
schools. 

The city is defended by Fort Oswego, a strong fortiflcalion 
built on ihe site of the old f. >rt of the same name, celebrated 
in the Fremh and colonial wars. It is built on the E. side 
of the river, near Ihe lake, on a trict of laud ceded to the 
United States for such purpose. It commands the harbor, 
and is a sufficient defense against an enemy. 

Daily lines of steamboats, for the conveyance of passen- 
gers, run between this port, and the lake ports of the United 
States, and Cana<la generally. 

Oswego was incorporated in 1S2S. In IS-'IO, it had 2.703 
inhabitants ; in 1S40, 4,G(i.5, arid in 1850, 12.2U5— the increase 
between l^?3i) and 1840 was 72.5S per cent., and in the last 
decade the Increase was 161.62 per cent. 

OswEQO, t.. Oswego CO., 2^. Y. : 148 m. W. N. W. Albany. 
It occupies a triangle of land formed on two sides by the 
Oswego r. and Lake Ontario. Near its N. point is located 
the port of Oswego. The town is drained by several small 
streams flowing into the lake. Surface generally level, but 
varied; soil sandy loam of good quality, and very fertile. 
The intercsis of this town are mueh the same as those of the 



city. Manufactures are numerous and extensive, and along 
the river are several flour and saw mills. Pop. 2,445. 

OswKGo. p. v., Kosciusko CO., J»(f. : on the S. "W. bank 
of Lake Tippecanoe, G9 m. N. by E. Indianapolis. 

OswE«o river, N. Y.: formed by the junction of Seneca 
and Oneida rivers. The Seneca is the common outlet of 
Seneca, Cayuga, Crooked, Canandagua, Owasco, Skaneatr 
eles, and Cross lakes. The Oneida is the outlet of Oneida 
lake. After the junction, Oswego river pursues a N. \V. 
course 24 miles until it enters Lake Ontario. Fur some dis- 
tance it form.s the Oswego Canal, the falls being overcome 
by a succession of locks, and along its banks is a tow-path. 
The water-power afforded by this river is immense, and has 
been greatly improved. Manufacturing establishments line 
its banks below the falls, ami the mamifaeturing establish- 
ments, mills, etc.. of Oswego <lerive tlieir motive power from 
this source. The harbor at its mouth is commodious, but will 
require considerable enlargement to accommodate its future 
commerce. It is made by extending piers into the lake on 
each side, thus forming an open caniiU in which vessels of all 
the capacities sailing on the lake may enter and moor in 
safety. The falls prevent navigation above the port. 

Oswego Fah£, p. o., Oswego co., N. Y.: at tlie falls of 
Oswego r., 147 m. W. N. W. Albany. 

Oswego Village, p. o., Duchess co., K. Y. : 47 m. S. 
Albany. 

OswicirRK, p. 0., Russell county, Ala. : 71 m. E. by S. 
Montgomery. 

Otego. L and p. v., Otsego co., Nl K ," 63 m. "W. by S. 
Albany, and 2-1 ra. S. W. Cooperstown. Drained by the 
Susquehanna r. and trftutary. Surface uneven, except upon 
the banks of the Susquehanna, where it becomes quite level ; 
soil fertile*. The v. is pleasantly situated on the OLsdawa cr. 
in the S. part of t There are in the t, several stores aud 
mills, and a few nlanufac^lrie^. Pop. of 1. 1,792. 

Otis, t. and p. v., Berkshire co., Mam. : 107 m. W. by S. 
Boston. This t. was once comprised of the t of Loudon 
and district of Bethlehem, but was incorporated under its 
present name in ISIO (aHer tlie ITon. Ilnrris'^n Gray Otis, of 
Boston, then Speaker in the Il'mse of i;ei)reseutatives). 
Drained by a number of ponds, which, with a small stream, 
forms the source of Farmington r. Surface very uneven; 
soil fertile and productive. There are firic for.sts of hard 
wood, and also granite in the t. The manufactures consist 
chiefly of leather, boots, shoes, cabinet-ware, aud lumber. 
The v. is in the S. of t. Po]). of t. 1.224. 

Otisco, t and p. o., Ionia co., Mich. : 39 m. N.W. Lansing. 
Drained by Flat r., which divides it, affording good water- 
power. Pop. ofL I.OIS. 

Ottsco, t and p. v., Onondaga co., 7T. Y, : 97 m-W. by N. 
Albany. Otisco lake forms its W. boundary, by the outlet 
of which the t. is drained. Surface rolling; soil good, and 
in fine state of cultivation. Tho v. is on the E. side of the 
lake, and contains 2 churches and a number of dwellings. 
There are in the t. several stores, workshops, and a number 
of mills. Pop. 1,S04. 

Otisoo lake. Onondaga county, JVT Y. : in the towns of 
Spafford and Otis, is 5 m. long and 2 m. wide: its ontlel 
flows N. into Onondaga lake. 

Otisfikld. 1, and p. v., Cumberland county. M^. : 42 m. 
W. S. W. .Augnstiu Drained by Crooked r. flowing into 
Sebago pond. There is a large pimd on the E. border of t- 
Soil is of good quality, producing wheat plentifully. Tho v. 
is situate centrally, and on Ihe post-road. Pop. of 1. 1,171. 

Otisvili.e. p. 0., Orange co.. N. Y.: on the line ((f the 
Erie K. R., 72 m. S. by W. Albany. 

Otsuawa, p. v., Otsego county, A'". Y. : on a small cr., a 
tributary of the Susquehanna r., 76 m. W. by S. Albany. 

Otsego county, Mich. Situate N. of the S. Peninsida, 
and contains 576 sq. ra. Drained by Sheboygan river and 
branch of the Au Sable river. Surface level, and iliversified 
with small lakes. Set off since 1S50. 

Otsego county, JV". Y. Situate E. centrally, and contains 



OTS 



OTT 



S92 sq. m. Drained by Susquehanna r.. Butternut, Olego, 
OLsdawa, and Cliorry Valley creeks, all which are tributaries 
of Susquehanna r. Surface elevated; in some parts it is 
mountainous, and in others divL-rsilifd with low hills and 
valleys ; soil though various, in most parts is fertile. A large 
quantity of lumber is exported. It contains some minerals 
and good marble quarries, also sulpliur springs, whioh are 
remarkable for their medicinal qualities. In Burlington, 
considerable quanlitios of stone, consisting principally of 
marine petrifactions, are found. Farms 4,764; raaiuif. 300 ; 
dwell. 9,0S7, and pop.— wh. 4S,4S1, fr. col. 157— total 4S,IJ3S. 
Capital ; Cooperstown. 

Utsego, p. v., L;ike co., III. : 5 m.W. from Lake Michigan, 
20i m. N. N. E. Springfield. 

Otsego, t. and p. v., rulumbia co., Whc. : 24 m. N. liy K 
Madison. Brainud by Ktnk cr. Surface U'Vt-'l ; soil fertile. 
The V. is on Uock er., in the eenlre oft. I'op. of t 420. 

Otsego, t. and p. v., Allegan co., Mich.: 91 m. W. S. ^Y. 
Lansing. Drained by the Kalamazoo r. and a number of 
small creeks. Surface undulating — in some parts hilly; soil 
varied, but along the lianUs of llie Kalamazoo, black allu- 
vion; it has tine wood-lands. Tlic v. is pleasantly situated 
oa the Kalamazoo river, at an elevation of 30 feet. Pop- 
ulation of t. SIS. 

Otsego, p. c, Muskingum county, Ohio: 55 miles E. 
Columbus. . 

Otsego, t, Otsego co., A' Y. : 62 m. "W. Albany. It lies 
between Otsego and Canaderaga lakes, the outlet of the 
latter, Oak cr., atVorUing good watur-powcr. Surface some- 
what hilly; soil clay and gravelly 8:md and loam. It has 
considerable manufactures and numerous mills. Pop. in 
1S40, 1.421, and ISoO, 1,79^. 

Otsego, p. o., Kay county, Mo. : 113 m. "W. N. W. 
JeCferson City. 

Otsbgo lake, Otsego county, JV. Y. : in the towns of 
Springfield, Middl'-field, and Olsego, is 9 m. in length and 2 
'in width, and has lor its outlet the source of the Susquehan- 
na r. This lake is remarkable for the beauty of its scenery. 
At its outlet is the flourishing village of Coopi-rslown. 

Otseuc, t. and p. v., Clu-nango co., X. Y. : 104 m. W. 
Albany. Drained by the Otaelic r., which passes through 
it. Suy"ace uneven and much broken ; soil clay loam. 
There is some very fine wood-land here. The v. is situate 
In the y. of the t.,at which there is a p. o. The L contains 
several mills. Pop. of t. 1,S00. 

Otselic river, A'". }'. ; rises in Eaton, Madison co.. fiovvs 
in a S. S.W. direction through N.W. part of Chenango and 
S. E. part of Cortland co., and enters the Tionghnioga r. in 
Bnxirae county. 

Utta Queechee river. IV/v;;. ; rises in Sherburne. Jut- 
land CO., flows S. E. thruugh Hridgewater, N. E. tlironi.'h 
"Woodstock into theS. part of lI:irlford, thence S. E. through 
the X. E, part of Harlland, and empties into the Connecti- 
cut, 2 m. above Quecchee Falls, and 3 m. beluw the v. so 
called. In its course it receives a number of considerable 
mill streams and several other triliularies. It is So m. in 
length, and watc-rs over 200 sq. m. Also called "Water 
Quecchee and Queechee river. 

Ott.vwa county. Mich. Situate W. of the S. Peninsula, 
and conlains S2S sq. m. Drained by Graml r. and its trib- 
utaries, Black atid Maskegon rivera. Surface rolling, and 
prcs nling to the lake shore high sand-bluffa. Soil gen- 
erally fertile, jiroducitig wheat, Indian corn, and potabies. 
Farms 27S; mannf. .S(i; dwell. 1.129, and pop.— wh. 5,5y2. 
fr. col. 55 — total 5..^s7. CajnUd : Grand Haven. 

Ottawa county, Ohio. Situate N., and bounded on the 
N. E. by Lak" Krie, the easlern portion stretching consid- 
erably into the lake, and forming Sandusky bay. It con- 
tains about ,S20 sq. m. Drained by Portage and Toussaint 
rivers. Surface level, and in miny part* very low; soil in 
general fertile, i'ine timber is found on the land. Sandusky 
bay forms its S. E. l>onndary. Farms 227 ; manuf. 11 ; 
dwell. 6l;i, and pop.— wh. 3,307, fr. col. 1— total 3,30S. Cap- 



ital: Port eiintoii. ruhllc W.>rk.s: Cleveland, Norwalk, 
and Toledo It. 11. ; Junction E. K., etc. 

Ottawa, p. v., and cap. La Salle co., JU.: at the junction 
of Fox r.,withthc Illinois (which divi.les it into three p.irts), 
119 m. N. N. E. Springfield. It is laid otT on boUi sides of 
the Illinois r., aud is accessil.ile by steamboats at higli water, 
for which there is a verv good landini:. Bctow for the dis- 
tance of S or y m., are rapids and shuuls fornud by barriers 
of sand and limestone rock. The Illinois and Micliigan 
Canal passes through the village 85 ni. fnun Cbic:igo, and 
15 m. Peru, thereby opening eommuuiealion Ity waur lo 
the lake and the Mi^^is.^ippi r. The rhie;mo utid Kock 
Island II, i;. pusses through the village i\:\ m. from (.:iiica:ro. 
F(iunded in lS30, and contains the courl-hou:^e ;ui'i ottur 
buiblings. It is one of the most important sites for com- 
mercial business in the Slate. The water-power derived 
from the canal and river is immense, Tlie (Mtawa Hy- 
draulic Company haij,©- a viihiabie waier-imwer on the 
Illinois r., oue-loiirttAjr a mile above ( ti(aw;i. Tlie surface 
of the country around is uudataling, and well adapied to 
farnnng. with some groves of lindier; soil ricli. Lime and 
coarse freestone in great abuinianee. The "Constituiiniudisi' 
(whig), and "0. Free Trader" (,dem.). are put>li<lied weekly. 

Ottawa, p. o., Ottawa county, ohiu: Vl\ m. N. by \V. 
Columbus. 

Ottawa, t. and p. v.,'Waukesha co., Wise. : 49 m. E. by S. 
Mailison. Drained by forks of Pock r. on the N. and S. 
Surface rolling; soil good. There are a number of small 
ponds in the I. Like the rest uf the co., this t. has excellent 
timber. 

OiTAWA Lake, p. o., Monroe eo., Mich. : near Ottawa r., 
93 m, S. E. Lansing. 

Otter creek. I'/rm. : rises in Pera t., Beimiiiglon co.. and 
flows in a N. by W. direction, through Putlund and Addi- 
son, and enters Lake Champlain at Feiri>l'urg. It is nav- 
igable for lake vessels as far up as Vergennes, dist. m., and 
for boaLs from Middlelmry to Piitsford, 25 m. The falls at 
Middlobury, Wcybridge. and Yergenues, allonl e.\len^ive 
waltT-puwer. L:irge-sized vessels have been built at Xvr- 
gennes, and the floiilla of Commodore M'Donough flt'.ed 
out there in lsl4. 

Otter Buiuge, p. o., Bedford co., Vi/y. : on a branch of 
Staunton r., 103 m. W. by S. Kichniond. The Virginia aud 
Tennessee 11. U. passes near this loeatiou. 

O ttek Cheek, p. o., Jersey eo., lil. : on u fork of creek 
by same name, 03 m. S. W. Springfield. 

OxTEii CiiEKii, p. o.. Addison co., Vt:nn. : on a cr. of same 
name. 37 m. \V. by S. Monlpelier. 

OriEK Ckeek, p. o., Jackson co., Jfirh. : 20 in. S. by E. 
Lansing. 

Ottek Dale, p. 0., CheslerfieM county, TV/;/.; 13 m. S. 
Uichmond. 

Otter, Peaks of, Virg.: a portion <'f the Blue Eidge 
(Alleghany Mountaifis), situated brI\^een Bedfonl and Bntc- 
lourl counties, ll(j m. W. Piclimond. The<e peaks shoot up 
in projecting summils lo the height of 4,2(10 feel, and are the 
highest land in the Slate. 

Otter Village, p. v., Pipley ennnty, ///(/.: 61 m. S. E. 
Indianapolis. 

OTTEKviLi.E.p. v., Coopcr CO.. Mn. : on iho "W. side of the 
river & la Mine, and 50 m. W. by N. Jeilerson City. 

Otto, t. and p. v., Caltarangus eo.. X. >'. .■ 205 hl W. by S. 
Albany. Drained by Catlar:nigns cr. aii-l branches. Tho 
cr. bounds it on the N.. and Ihe X. V. and Erie II. K. crosses 
ils S. W. pnrU Surface hilly ;--soil adjipted to grain. Lum- 
ber and grain are tlie chief products. The v. ia in the 
S. W. part of the t. Pop. of t. 2.267. 

Ono, p. v., Fulton co., ///. ; on S. side of Olicr cr.,45 m. 
N. W. SpringfieM. 

OTToniNE, p. o., Ilockingliam co., Virff. : 101 m. N. "W. 
Kichniond. 

OrrsviLLK, p. v., Bucks coiuifcy, Peiifi. : 90 m. E. by N 
Ilarrisburg. 

639 



OTT 



OWI 



Ottcmwa, p. v.; and cap. Wapello co., III. : on the Bes 
Moluca r.. cenlrally in co., 63 m. S. 'W. Iowa City. It con- 
tains the county court-house, and several ilwellin^. 

OuAcniTA City, p. v., Union par., La. : 159 m. N. W. 

Baton Rouge. A United States land office is situate here. 

The *' Ouachita Gazette" (dcm.) is issued weekly. 

OiT-EANT, p. o., Delaware co.. K V. .■ 64 m. S. W. Albany. 

OuitYS, p. c, Hamilton co., O/tio: OT m. S. W. Columbus. 

Outagamie county, "iR^c. Situate toward the 1-'., and 

contains 64ft sq. m. "Wolf river enters it in the W., and 

passes through it in n northerly direction, by which and 

lis br:inchea it is drained. Surface varied, in most parta 

being hilly and bnfkcn. but there is much level land ; soil 

fertile. Pine and «itber timber {riwunds, and there is fine 

pasturage for cattle. Ereeted since 1S50. 

Outlet, p. o., Lake co., Ind. : on Cedar or., 119 m. N. "W". 
Indianapolis. 

Overalls, p. o., "Warren co., Vtrg.: 103 m. N. by W. 
Richmond. 

OvBKFiELD, p. o., Bafbour county, Virg. : 175 m. N. W. 
Kichmond. 

OvERM^is's Fegrt, p. o., Muscatioc CO., /(/. ; 29 m. S. E. 
Iowa City. 

OvERSLAUGn, K r.: a shoal in the Hudson r., a few 
miles below Albany, consisting of a sucx:ession of bars or 
flats, through which there were narrow channels, with a 
small depth of water at low tide. The obstruction haabeeu 
partially removed by the government. 

Overton county, Tenn. Situate N., and contains 526 
eq. m. Drained by Eoaring river in the S. "W., and by 
Obey'3 river and its branches in the N., and central portions. 
SLirlace undulating ; soil a fine deep mold, and very fertile, 
the land on the streams being rich and productive. Staples, 
cotton, tobacco, and Indian corn. It has good pasturage for 
cattle, and some excellent timber land. Farms 929; manuf. 
; dwell. 1,673, and pop.— wh. 10,0S6, fr. col. 60, si, 1,065— 
total 11,211. Copltal: Livingston. 

Ovid, p. v., Lee co., III. : on a branch of the Illinois r., 
133 m. N. i E. Springfield. 
Ovid, p. o,, Madison co., Ind.. : 29 m. N. E. Indianapolis. 
Ovid, t. and p. o., Branch county, Micfi. : 6:3 m. S. S. W. 
Lansing. Drained by two small creeks. Surface rolling; 
soil of a dark, rich loam ; abounds in fine timber lands and 
excellent grazing. Pop. of t 710. 

Ovio, t and p. v., Seneca co., N. Y.: 60 m. "W. Albany. 
Bounded on the E. by Cayuga, and on the W. by Seneca 
lake. Drained by a number of small streams flowing into 
Uie Lakes. Surface hilly; soil fertile. The v. is on an ele- 
vation, and has a good landing on the lake. The " O. Bee" 
is a weekly issue. Pop. 2,258. 

Ovn», p. v., Franklin co., Ohio: on the "W. side of I^ig 
Lick creek, 12 m. N. E. Columbus. 

OwA6C0,tandp. v., Cayug.-ico., N. Y. : 144m.'W.byN. 
Alb.any. Bounded on the "W. by Owasco lake, by which 
and the cr, it is drained. Surface rolling ; soil rich sand and 
loam, and well cultivated. The v. is in the S. E. part of t., 
and contains two churches and several stores and dwellings. 
There are in the t. a number of mills. Pop. 1,254. 

OwASGO Lake, p. o., Cayuga co., N. Y. : 133 m. W. i N. 
Albany. 

OwASco lake, Cayuga co., H. K ; 12 m. in length, and 1 
mile wide, running N. and S., 145 m. "W. from Albany, in 
the t. of Owasco, Fleming, Niles, and Scipio. Theiianksof 
tlie lake are very hilly and picturesque. It abounds in flue 
fish. Its outlet, so called, flows into Seneca river, and 
affords excellent water-pnwer. 

OwASCo river, A^. 3'. .• outlet of Owasco lake, flows N. into 
Seneca river, in the t. of Metz. It affords extensive water- 
power, and has some fine mill-sites already occupied. 

OwAscrs, p. o., Fond du Lac co., Wise. : 03 m. N. E. 
Madison. 

OwAsso, t. and p. v., Shiawassee co.,- Midt. : 21 m. N. E. 
Lansing. Drained by Shiawassee and Maple r. Surface 
640 



generally level; in parts swampy, and well adapted to the 
raising of cattle. There are fine mill-sites on the Shiawassee 
and Maple rivers. The v. is situate on the Shiawaesee river. 
Pop. of t. 392. 

Oi^T-GO, t., p. v., and cap. Tioga co., K Y. : 182 m. "W.S.'W. 
Albany, and 160 m. Dunkirk. The Susquehanna r. divides 
the t., by which and its tributaries it is drained. Surface 
various; in parts hilly, while along the river there are ex- 
tensive flats ; soil fertile, and well cultivated. The v. is on 
the N. bank of the Susquehanna r,, at the month of Owego 
creek ; was incorporated in 1S27, and now conlaina the 
court-house, jail, and other public huildings, a bank, several 
hotels, and an academy. "Water-power is derived by means 
of an hydraulic canal, supplied from Owego i-reek. which fs 
an important and never-failing mill stream. The Erie R. U. 
passes through the v., and the Cayuga and Susquehanna 
R. 11. extends from here to Cayuga, distant 70 miles. The 
manufactures consist of wool and wooden-ware. Lumber, 
plaster, and salt, are the chief commodities of trade. The 
*' O. Advertiser" (whig) and '■ 0. Gazette" (dem.) are issued 
weekly. Pop. of the t. 7,159. 

Owego creek, A'". 5'; ; rises in the S. part of Cortlnndt 
and Tompkins counties, and flowing S., affording good 
water privileges to several villages, eui])ties into the Susqu^ 
hanna river, at Owego village, Tioga county. 

Owen county, Ind. Situate S. W. centrally, and contains 
449 sq. m. Drained by branches of Eel river, and W. fork 
of Wliite river. The falls of the former furnish excellent 
water privileges. Surface undulating in the larger portion 
of the county ; the land in the E. is hilly, and on the rivers 
level ; soil fertile, being a deep vegetable mold, and is very 
productive. Timber is abundant on the sinmms. Coal is 
found, and there are some fine beds of iron ore. Farms 
1,442, manuf. 26 ; dwell. 2,000, and pop.— wli. 11,950, fr. col. 
156— toUd 12,106. Capital: Spencer. 

Owen county, Ky. Situate N., and contains 2S9 sq. m. 
Drained by Eagle and Cedar creeks, and other small streams. 
Surface level; soil generally fertile, and making fine pas- 
ture land. Chief productions, tobacco and Intiian com, 
wheat, sugar, etc. Farms 917; manuf. 6: dwell. 1,023, and 
pop.— wh.S,900, fr. col. 80, si. 1,514— total 10.444. Capital: 
Owenton. PubUe WorAs : Vinccnnes and Indian:^olis 
P. R. ; Wabash and Erie Canal. 

OwEx, p. o., "Wabash county, I?irl. : 69 ra. N. by E. 
Indianapolis. 

Owen river, Calif. : rises in the Snowy Mountains, 174 ra. 
E. by S. i S. Vallejo, flows through a mountainous di3» 
trict, E. by S. about 27 m., and S. about 53 m., emptying 
into a lake so called. 

OwKNSBOBorGii, p. V., and cap. Daviess co,, Kr/. : on tho 
banks of the Ohio r., 9 m. below Eockport, and 123 in. 
W. S. W. Frankfiirt. Situate in a very fertile region, 
abounding in mineral resources. It contains the conrt- 
liouso, several churches, an academy, and a number of 
stores and dwellings. The " American," a weekly (ludep.), 
is published here. Pop. 1,314. 

OwENsnrj'.G, p. 0., Green county, Irid.: 59 miles S. W. 
Indianapolis. 

OwENSvrLLE, p. v.. Saline county. Ark. : on middle forb 
Saline r., 2S m. "W. S. "ft'. Little Kock. 

OwENsviLLE, p. v., Glbson CO., Ind. : near Polk's mill 
stream, 12.") in. S. W. Indianapolis. 

Ow-ENsviLLE, p. v., Gcrmont county, Oluo : 75 m. S. "W. 
Columbus. 

OwENTON, p. v., and cap. Owen co., Ky. : situate in S. W, 
part of CO., 19 m. N". Frankfort, and contains the court-house 
:md several dwellings. 

OwENviLLE, p. o., Sampson co., N. Car. : 49 m. E. 8. E; 
Kaleigh. 

Owixg's Laxe. station, Baltimore co., M<J. : on the 'West' 
minster Branch of Baltimore and Susquehanna IX. P., 13 m. 
from Baltimore. 
Owing's Mills, p. v. and sla., Kaltimore co., M-J, : on lino 



OWI 



OYS 



of the Westminslt-r Uranch <>t Balllmore .-.n.l Susqutbanna 
E. K.. n m. N. Baltimore, 41 m. N. Annapolis. 

0wi-i06Tn.l.E, p. v., and cap. Bath co., Ju/, .■ 3 m. N. 
Slate cr., in centre of co., and CI ni. E. Frankfort. It con- 
tains the court-house, etc., and 265 inhabitants. 

Owi. Pp.A.iEre. p. v., Daviess co., Iiut. : on the W. side of 
Wabash and Erie Canal, and near the W. fork of White r. 
To ni. 8. W. Indianapolis. *' 

OwsLEV county, A>. Situate E. centrally, and contains 
.Vj sq. m. Drained by Kentucky river and its branches. 
South fork, and Sturgeon creek. Surface even; soil a 
Sne deep loam, very fertile, and weU adapted to grain. 
Chief productions, wheat, Indi.an com, and tobacco. 
Farms 4S1 ; manuf. 25 ; dweU. 6SS, and pop. wh.— 8,616, fr. 
col. 22, si. 136— total 3,TT4. Capital : BoonevUle. 

OwTOF.E river. Ore;,. Ter.: tributary of Lewis, a fork of 
Columbia r, rises in Weber CO., Utnh Tii:, makes a circuit- 
ous course W. and N. W. into Ore^jon, flowing X. aud N. E. 
enters Lewis r. 15 m. 8. Fort Boissn. 

Oxbow, p. o., Wyoming co., Pmn. : 05 m. N. N. E. 
Ilarrisbura. 

O.'iBow, p. v., JelTorson co., N.Y.: nxy the Oswegatchie 
river. 117 m. N. by W. Albany, and 31 m. N. E. Sackelfs 
Harbor. 

O.xnow, p. o., Tutnam county, Rl : 101 m. jST. by E. 
Springfield. 

Oxford county, Jfe Situate W. toward the S., and con- 
tains l.srs sq. m. Drained by Androscoggin river and its 
branches, and by Saco river. Surface in general broken 
and hilly, and is pleasantly diversified with numerous lakes : 
soil in many parts is very fertile. Chief productions, wheat, 
Indian corn, and potatoes. It has some good timber land. 
Farms 4,^^S ; manuf. 160 ; dwell. 6,712, and pop.— wh. 
S9,65S, fr. col. 6— total 39,663. Capital : Paris. 

Oxroi:D. p. v., Talbot co., Md. : on an inlet of Chesapeake 
bay, 27 m. S. E. Annapolis. 

0.i:foed, t. and p. v., New Eaven co.. Conn. : 32 m. 
S- W. Hartford. Drained by Housatonic anil Nangatuck 
rivers and branches, affording cttensive water-power and 
fine mill-seats. Surface generally uneven, in parts hilly, 
with a fertile and productive soil. Among the manufactur- 
ing establishments, those of satinet and hat are the most im- 
portant. In the S. part there is a mineral spring called " The 
Pool," much used in the ciu-e of salt rheum and other com- 
plaints. The V. is on the line of the Norwich and Worcester 
E. E., 1 1 m. Worcester. It contains 2 churches and several 
dwelliTigs. Pop. of 1. 1,562. 

OxFOKD, p. v., Newton co., Oa.: 55 m. N. W. Millcdge- 
i-ille. The Emory College (founded in 1S37) is situate hiTe, 
having (.in ISoO) a president, 5 professors, anil 138 alumni' 
of whom 16 are in the minLstrj-. and 115 students. The 
library contains 1,700 volumes. Pop. about 600. 

Oxford, p. v., Henry co., Jll. : on the Monmouth and 
Prophetstown post-road, 105 m. N. by W. Springfield. 

Oxford, p. o., Benton co., Ind.: situate Si m. disL Big 
Pine creek, 75 m. N. W. Indianapolis. 
OxFoBD, p. o., Scott CO., Ky. : 15 m. N. E. Frankfort. 
Oxford, L, p. v., and sta., Oxford countv, Jfe .• 33 miles 
W. S. W. Augusta. Drained by Little Andro.sco»gin r and 
a number of ponds. The soil is fertile, producing excellent 
gram. There are several mills on the banks of the river 
The v. is in S. p.art of t. The Atlantic and St. LawTence 
1!. E. passes through it, on which is the sta., 40 m from 
Portland. Pop. of 1. 1,233. 

OxpoED, p. o., Grafton co., S. Ucmp. : 45 m. N. by W 
Concord. 

Oxford, t. and p. t., Worcester CO., Mast. : 47 m. S. W 
Boston, and 10 m. S. Worcester. Important for its manu- 
factures, consisting chiefly of woolea and cotton goods, 
boots and shoes. It is a very ple.-i.saQt t., well watered by 
French river, a branch of the (iuineb.aug. Surtiice rugged ; 
soil graveUy. There are in the town several stores, manul 
lactones, grist and saw mills, and a machine and other mr- 



41 



cbaiiic shops. The village is on a s:rcet running \. and S 
Poj). of t. 2.330. 

Oxford, t. and p. o., Oakland county, Mirh. • 1I3 m E 
Lansing. Watered by Stony an.l several other smaller lakes 
and streams. Surface hilly, intcrsi,er.*«l with .nar^hcs ■ .oil 
varied, in parts sandy. The p. o. is in the S. of the town. 
Pop, of t, 1,019. 

Oxford, p. v., and cap. Lafayette co., J«,s, ; at the source 
of a branch of the Yocanapalaplia river, 14;! m. N. X. E. 
Jackson. It has a college (the University of Miss.), fiunded' 
in 1S41, having (in ISoo) a president, 6 iirofessors, and 1.34 
students, with a library containing 2,4o0 volumes. Contains 
the court-house, and usual number of public buildings. 
There are two newspapers published here, the '• Organizer" 
(S. R.), and the "Star of the Tnion" (union\ hoili weekly 
issues. The High Comt of Errors sits hero once everv 
year. Pop. about 1,600. 

Oxford, t. and p. v., Chenango co., Jf. Y. : 97 m. W. bv S. 
Albany. Surface rolling; soil very fertile, an.l well culti- 
vated. The Chenango r. and canal pa^s through it. There 
is a factory and several mills in the town. The v. is on the 
Chenango r., which divides it. It has a foundry, tannerv, 
and several carriago maiuifaetori.'S. The canal p.osses 
through the v., which alTords easy communication with 
the city of Utica. Oxford abounds in rich grazing land, fine 
horses and cattle. The "C. County Whig," and "Free 
Democrat," are published here. Poj). of village 1,.360— of 
town 3,227. 

Oxford, sta.. Orange co., K T. .■ on Iho Erie E. E., 62 m. 
New York, 87 m. S by W. Albany. 

Oxford, p. v., and cap. (Jranville connly. j\'". Car. : .39 m. 
N. Ealeigh, and near Fishing creek. It contains the court- 
house, jail, market-house, hospital, and 2 academies, 360 
dwellings, and 1,973 inhabitants. 

Oxford, t. and p. v., Butler co., 0/iii,: 90 m. W. S. W. 
Columbus. Drained by affluents of Creat Jliauii r. Sur- 
face moderately uneven ; soil of e.-itraordiuary fertility. 
The village lies on the W. side of Four Mile cr.^ and near 
the union of Uic Four Mile Valley an<l Junction E. E. from 
Indiana. The Miami University is situated in the town: 
founded in 1509, and had in 1S50 a pn'sident, 6 professors, 
and :U3 alumni (of which 102 are in Uie ministry), 66 stu- 
dents, and a library containing S.OOO volumes. The Theo- 
logical Seminary conjmenced in 1534, h.ad (in 15.50) :3 
instructors, 20 students, and a librarv of 1,500 volumes. 
Pop. of V. 1,034, and of t. 2,007. 

Oxford, p. 0., Benton county, Ala.: 97 miles N. by E. 
Montgomery. 

Oxford, p. v., Chester connly, Peiin. : 57 miles S. E. 
Harrisburg. 

Oxford, p. o., M'.MInn connly, Teiin. : 115 miles S. E. 
Nashville. 

Oxford Deciit, p. v.. Orange co., A'. V. : on the line of 
the New York ami Erie E. E., 63 m. N. N. W. New York 
city, S7 m. S. by W. Albany. 

Oxford FtntsAcE, p. v., Warren county, J\K J.;t: : on a 
branch of Pequest river, 41 ni. N. W. Trenton. There is a 
furnace situate in the village, and iron ore of a rich quality 
is found in abund.ance in the vicinity, and easily smelted. 

Oxford Valley, p. o., Bucks county, retm. : 103 m. E. 
Harrisburg. 

OvAiTKEE, p. v., and cap. Washington co„ TTJw. .■ on the 
bank of Lake Michigan, S3 in. W. by N. Madison. The 
county court-house is at Washington. 

Oyster Bay, t. and p. v., Queens Co., JVI T.: 125 m. 9. 
Albany, and 23 m. New York city. Extends across Long 
Island, being washed on the N. by the bay so called, and on 
the S. by Great South bay. Surface vai-ied— on the N. quite 
hilly ; soil loam and rocky, on theS. itis very sandy and even. 
The V. is situate at the head of the bay so called, and is a 
favorite resort in the summer sea.son. It contains several 
churches anci dwellings. Numerous sloojis and steamboats 
ply between hero aud Kew York cily. There ara in the 

Ml 



ors 



PAL 



l<>wn several stores, lumber yards, factories, and mills, 
and a number of sclioola and academies. Population of 
town 6,900. 

Oysteu ba5', K Y. : sets up from Long Island Sound, and 
is connected with the harbor so called, and Coldspring 
harbor. It abounds with wild fowl and excellent scale flsh. 

OvBTER creek, Ttw. ; rises in Fort Bend co., 3 m. N. 
Richmond, flows S. E. and S., parallel with Brazos r., and 
empties into the Gulf of Mexico., 2 m. N. of its mouth. 

Oyster river, jV; JTamp. : oue of the principal branches 
of the Piscataqua r., rises in Lee, and flows tlirough Dur- 
Iium t. Upon both sides of the r. a deep agillaceous loam 
prevails, which is favorable to the production of grasses. 
Abundance of oysters are found in its waters, from whicli 
it derives its name. Large quantities of superior granite 
are found on the borders. 

OzAKK county. Mo. Situate S., and contains 1.593 sq. m. 
Drained by branches of White r. Surface hilly and broken ; 
eoil generally fertile and adapted to gnizing. Farms 253 ; 
manuf 5; dwell. 861, and pop.— wh. 2,279, fr. col. U, si. 15— 
total 2,294. Capital : Rockbridge. 

OzAP-K, p. v., and cap. Franklin co.. Ark: : on the N. side 
of the Arkansas r., 100 m. N. W. Little Kock. It contains 
the county court-house and S4 inhabitants. 

OzAEK, p. v., Greene co.. Mo. : on S. side of Finley cr., 
123 m. S. S. W. Jeflerson City. 



Pablo bay, Calif. See San Pablo bay. 
Pace's, p. o., Barren county, Ky. : 103 m. S. W. by S. 
Frankfort 

Pacuitta, p. T.) Early county, Ga. ; 143 m. S. W. 
Milledgeville. 

Pacific, p. c, Franklin county, K. Car. : 32 m. N. E. 
Ealeigh. 

pAca-io City, p. v., port, and cap. Pacific co., Oreg. Ter.: 
on the N. bank of Columbia r., at its entrance into Pacific 
ocean. 100 m. N. W. by N. Salem. 

Packard's, sta., Berkshire county, ifaftn. : 3 m. N. of 
Pittsfield, on the Pittsfield and North Adams R. R. 

Pack's Feeey, p. o., Monroe county, Virg. : 1S3 m. W. 
Richmond. 

Packsville, p. v., Sumter dist, S. Car. : 3T m. E. S. E. 
Columbia. 

PacoletMills,p. 0., Union dIst, S. Car. : 72 m. K. N. "W. 
Columbia. 

Pactolus, p. v., Pitt county, JV. Car. : on the N. side of 
Tar r., about 12 ra. above its mouth, SI m. E. Raleigh. 

Paddleford's, sta., Ontario co., K. Y.: 9 m. ^V. of Cau- 
andaigua on the Rochester and Syracuse R. K. 

Paddock's Grove, p. v., Madison en., Jll. : about 3 m. 
TV. of Cahobia cr., 64 m. S, S. W. Springfudd. 

Paddy Mirxs, p. o., Shenandoah county, Vii'g.: 104 m. 
N. W. Richmond. 

Paddy's Run, p. o., Butler co., Ohio: 102 m. "W. S. W. 
Columbus. 

Paducah, p. v., and cap. M'Cracken co., Ky.: on the 
Ohio r.. just below the mouth of the Tennessee, 214 m. 
W. S. W. Frankfort. It is the dep6t for the products <-f the 
valley of the Tennessee, and in a great measure commands 
the trade of that river, which gives it great importance as a 
shipping port, and has rapidly increased its population. It 
contains a court-house, jail, 2 banks, about 50 large stores 
and warehouses, and 2,42S inhabitiints. The "P. Journal" 
(whig), is published weekly. 

Pagf. county, la. Situate 9. W., and contains 576 sq. m. 
Brained ,by Elkhom r., and branches. Surface generally 
level. Set off since 1850. 

Page county, Vlrg, Situate toward the N. E., and con- 
tains 1S5 sq. m. Drained by the S. fork of Shenandoah r. 
Surface hilly and broken; soil generally fertile. Chief 
products wheat and Indian com. On the E. is the Blue 



Ridge. Farms 526; raanuf. 28; dwell. 1,0S9, and pop.— 
wh. 6,332, fr. col. 811, si. 957— total 7,600. Capital: Luray. 
Page's Corners, p. v., Ilerkimer county, N. Y.: 64 m, 
W. by N. Albany. 

Pagesville, p. v., Newberry dist., S. Car. : 51 m. N. W. 
by W. Columbia. The Laurens R. R. passes through il. 

Pageville, p. v., Barren co,, Ky. : 109 m. 8. W. by S. 
Frankfort. 

Paincourtville, p. v.. Assumption parish, La.: 34 m. 
S. by E. Batan Rouge. 

Paine's Hollow, p. v., Herkimer county, ^. Y. : 63 m. 
W. N. W. Altjany. 

Paine's Point, p. o., Ogle co., 111. : G m. E. of Rock r., 
159 m. N. by E. Springfield. 

Paintwville, t. p. v., and cap. Lake co., Ohio; on Lake 
Erie, 147 m. N. E. by a^. Columbus. Drained by Grand r., 
which affords water-power. Surface level, and soil of aver- 
age fertility. The v. is on the r., about 3 m. S. of the lake, 
and contains a court-house, jail, bank, academy, a large 
furnace and stove manufactory, several flouring and other 
mills, and about 1.000 inhabitants. It is on tlie Cleveland 
and Erie R. R., 29 m. E. of Cleveland, and a branch rail- 
road diverges Uy Fairport v., at the mouth of Grand r. 'i he 
" P. Telegraph" (fr. soil) is published weekly. Population 
of town 3,12S. 

PAINF.8V1LLK, p. V.. Amelia co., Yirg.: on Flatcr. of Ap- 
pomattox r., 29 m. W. S. W. Richmond. In the vicinity are 
a cotton factory and several mills. 
Painesville. p. v., Chittenden co.. Verm. 
Paint Branch, sta.. Prince George co., Md.: 8 m. E. of 
"Washin^t'in, on the "Washington Branch R. R. 

Paint Creek, p. o., Washtenaw co., Mich. : on a branch 
of Stoney cr., so called, 68 m. 8. E. Lansing. 

Paint Creek, p. o., Kanawha co., Virg. : on a S. branch 
of Great Kanawha r., 221 m. W. by N. Richmond. 

Painted Post, t., Steuben co., N. Y.: on both sides of 
Chemung r., 165 m. W. by S. Albany. Surface hilly ; soil 
gravelly loam, and highly productive on the streams and 
flats. Drained by Chemung r. and its creeks. The business 
is very extensive, particularly in lumber and coal, and is 
mainly transacted at the large and flourishing v. of Coming 
(sfe Corning), where three railroads conned, and the 
navigable feeder of Chemung Canal commence* Popula- 
tif.n 4,372. 

Painted Post, p. v. and sta., Erwin t, Steuben co., 2^. Y. : 
at junction of Conhocton and Tioga rivers, which here form 
the Chemung r, 166 ra. "W. by S. Albany. The Erie R. R. 
passes through il, 302 m. from New York, and 107 m. from 
Dunkirk, also the Buffalo, Corning, and New York R. R. 
Two falls in the r. afford great water-power. This v. is a 
very old settlement, and derives its name from its location 
near an Indian burying ground, in which a painted post 
was erected over the grave of a chief. At this spot in the v. 
the inhabitants have placed a high painted post, surmounted 
by a metal figure of an Indian chief. The village contains 
several mills and stores, a church, etc. Pop. about 700. 

Painters viLLE, p. v., Greene co., Ohio: 53 ra. W. S. "W. 
Columbus, 

Paint Lick. p. o., Garrard co., Ky. : on a 9. branch of 
Kentucky r., so called, 46 m. 9. E. Frankfort. 

Paintsville, p. v., and cap. Johnson co.. Ky.: on Big 
Faint cr.. an aflluent of the W. fork of Big Sandy r., 113 m. 
E. byS. Frankfort. It contains a court-house, jail, several 
stores, anil 25lt inhabitants. 

Pakwaukef., p. v., Marquette co., Wiftc. : on the W. side 
of Bufl'alo I:ike. a large expansion of Neenah river, 49 m. 
N. by W. Mailison. 

Palatinf.. L and p. v., Montgomery co., 2^. Y. : on the N. 
side of Mohawk r., 49 m. W. N. W. Albany. Drained by 
Garoga cr. Surface broken; on the river is the hill called 
Anthony's Nose; soil of great fertility. The Utiea and 
Schenectady R. R. passes along the r. The v., on the cr., 
contains several mills and factories. Pop. of L 2,854. 



PAL 



PAL 



Palatine, p. v., Marion co., Virg.: about 3 m. E. of 
Monongabela r., 191 m. N. W. Kiehmond. 

Palatine, p. v., Cook county, JUL: lOG m. N. E. by N. 
Springfield. 

Palatine Bridge, p. v., Montgomery co., K. Y. : on the 
Mohawk, 47 m. W. N. "W. Albany. A bridge conoecls it 
with Canajoharic, on the S. side of the r. It is on the Utica 
and Schenectady R. R., 40 m. E. of Utica, and has a quarry 
of fine building stone. 

Palenville, p. v., Greene county, N. Y. : 29 m. S. S. W. 
Albany. 

Palermo, t and p. v., "Waldo co.. Me. ; 17 m. E. N. E. 
Angusta. It contains several ponds, tlie sources of Sheepa- 
cot r. Surface undulating ; soil very productive, A superior 
farming and grazing t. Pop. of 1 1,059. 

Palermo, t. and p. o., Oswego co., N. Y, : 106 nLW. N.W. 
Albany. Drained by Catfish cr. Surface undulating; soil 
sandy l<tam. A farming t., with good water-power. Popu- 
lation 2,059. 

Palestine, p. v., Crawford co., 77/. ; about 3 m. "W. of the 
Wabash. 122 m. E. S. E. Springfield. It Iil-s on the E. bor- 
der of the Lamotte prairie, and was formerly tite co. seat. 
It contains a U. S, land oflSce, a dozen stores, and SOD 
ijihubitauts. The surrounding country produces heavy 
crops of com, and the v. has a large trade in grain and live- 
stock. 

Palestine, p. v., Washington par., La. : 57 m. E. N. E. 
Baton Rouge. 

Palestine, p. v., Kosciusko co.. Ind. : on a 3. affluent of 
Tippecanoe r., 96 m. N. by E. Indianapolis. 

Palestine, p. o., Adams county. Miss. : 87 miles S. W. 
Jackson. 

PALESTtNE, p. v., Plckaway county, Ohio: IS m. S. S. W. 
Columbus. 

Palestine, p. v., and cap. Anderson co., Tex. : 162 m. 
N. E. by E. Austin City. It lies about midway between the 
Trinity and the Neches, and contains the county buildinsis, 
several stores, and 500 inhabitants, -'The Wonder'' is pub- 
lished wetrkly. 

Palestine, p. o., Hickman co., Tein).: 46 m. W. S. W. 
Nashville. 

Palbstine, p. y., Greenbrier co., Vity. : 103 m. W. by N. 
Eiohmon<I. 

Palr'^tine, sta.. Columbiana co., 07iio: on the Ohio and 
Pennsylvania R. R., 33 m. E. of Aliance. 

Palisades, A'I X : this mountainous range extends 20 m. 
along the W. bank of the Hudson r., commencing near Fort 
Lfe, opposite the extreme upper part of New York, and ter- 
minating at Piermont. They are for the most part 300 to 
500 feet high, with perpendicular rocky front on the bank 
ofthe r., pn'scnling most impressive scenery. 

Pall Mall, p. 0., Fentress co., Tenn.: 97 m. E. by N. 
Nashville. 

pALiiEn, t and p. o., Hampden co., Sfn-ts.: 66 miles 
W. by S. Boston. Brained by Chicopee, Ware, and Swifc 
rivers, which furnish abundant water-power. Surface hilly ; 
soil fertile. A good farming town, containing several manu- 
facturing villages. Cotton and woolen goods, canvas, etc., 
are largely made. The Amherst and Beichertown R. R., 
and the Western R. R. pass through it. Poj). 3,074. 

Palmer DepOt, p. v. and sta., Hampden co., Mass.: on 
Chicopee river, and the Western R. R., 83 miles (l)y route) 
W. by S. Boston. The Amherst and Bel».hertown R. R., 
and New London, Willimaiilic, and Palmer li. R. here con- 
neict with the Western R. R., making it an important centre 
of business and travel. It contains 3 large hotels, and a 
dozen stores, mostly of brick. Opp' 'Site the v. on the S. side 
of the rirer, is one of the 8 State Alms-houses, with a farm 
of 175 acres attached to it. The '-Palmer Journal" (neut.) 
is published weekly. 

Palmkk'8, p. 0., Polk county, Teit. : 15? miles E. by N. 
Austin City. 
Palmeb's Spuings, p. o., Mecklenburg, co., Mrg. : on the 



S. side of Roanoke river, near the S. line of the Stale 76 m. 
S. W. by W. Richmond. 

Palmeu's Stoke, p. o., Weakley county, Tetm. : 114 m. 
W. by N. Nashville. 

Palmer's Taveen, p. o., Prince George's co., Ml.: on 
Potomac r., 2S ra. W. S. W. Annapolis. 

Palmetfo, p. o., Pontotoc co., Mi^s. : 139 m. N. N. E. 
Jackson. 

Pamf-tto, p. o. and sta., Coweta co., Ga. : on the La 
Grange R. R., 25 miles S. Atlanta, 113 m. W. N. W. 
Milledgeville. 

Palmyra, p. v., Lee county, Ga. : on a W. branch of 
Flint river, about 5 m. from its mouth, 119 m. S. W. by W. 
Milledgeville. 

Palmyra, p. v., Harrison county, hid. : 91 miles 9. 
Indianapolis. A plank-road passes through it to New 
Albany. 

Palmyra, t. and p. v., Somerset co., Me. : 43 m. N- N. E. 
Augusta. Drained by Sebasticook r., which affords water- 
power. Surface rolling; soil very productive of grass and 
grain, to which attention is mostly directed. Population 
of t. 1,625. 

Palmyra, L, p. v., and sta., Lenawee co.^ Mic?i.: 72 m. 
S. S. E. Lansing. Drained by Raisin river and Bear creek, 
whicli supply fine water-power. Surface level or undulat- 
ing ; soil sandy I'lam and deep bottoms, pn^ducingall the 
grains in almndance. The village is on the r., and contains 
several stores and mills. The Michigan Southern R. K., and 
the Erie and Kalamazoo R. K. cross the t., and the statioa 
is 4 m. E. of Adrian on the latter. Pop. of t. 1,09S. 

Palmyra, p. v., and cap. Marion co., Mu. : S m. W. of 
Marion City, its port on the Mississippi, 89 m. N. N. E. 
Jefferson City. It contains a court-house, jail, academy, 
bank, U. S. land oflice, several handsome churches, 25 
stores, 9C3 inhabitants. The ''Missouri Whig'* is pub- 
lished weekly. In Iho vicinity is Masonic College, which 
was founded in 1S3I, and in ISoO had 5 instructors anu 75 
students. A railroad to connect the v. with the r. has been 
chartered. 

Palmyra, t. and p. v.. Wayne co.. K Y: 1S3 m. W. by N. 
Albany. Drained by Mud cr. Surface somewhat uneven ; 
soil calcareous loam, and very productive of grain. Mor- 
raonism had its origin here in 1S29. The Buffalo and Syra- 
cuse (direct) R. R. passes through it, and the Erie Canal, 
on which is the v., 29 m. E. of Rochester. It has a large 
trade in lumber and grain. The chief street, 1 m. loug, 
rests at each end on the canal, and is beautifully shaded. It 
contains an incorporated academy, a bank, several manu- 
factories of flour, iron ca.^tings, mechanics' tools, etc., 40 
stores, and 2,200 inhabitants. The "P. Courier" (whig), 
and '• W. Sentinel" (dem.) are published weekly. Pop. of 
t. 3,S93. 

Palmtea, p. v., Halifax co., N. Car. : on the right bank 
of Roanoke river, 76 m. E. N. E. Italeigh. Here is a go<xl 
landing, from wbioh large quantities of corn, cotton, and 
lumber are shipped. 

Palmyra, sta., Camden co., jV. Jer. : 6 m. N. of Camden, 
on the Camden and Amboy U. R. 

Pai-myra, t. atul p. o., Portage co., Ohio: 124 m. N. E. 
Columbus. Drained by branches of Mahoning r. Surface 
rolling ; soil fertile. Large dairies are kept Pop. 1,093. 

Palmyra, p. v., Lebanon co., Peim.: 14 m. E. by N. 
Harrisburg. 

Palmyka, p. v., Montgomery co., Tenn. : on Cumberland 
river. 44 m. W. N. W. Nashville. It contains several stores 
and mills, and 300 inhabitants. 

Palmyra, p. v., and cap. Fluvanna county, Virg. : on 
Rivanna r., about 12 m. N. of ita entrance into James river, 
46 m. W. N, W. Richmond. A bridge here spans the river, 
on which in the vicinity are several flouring-mills and fao- 
Uiries. The v. contains the co. buildings, an academy, and 
about 300 inhabitants. 
Palmyra, p. v., Warren co., MUa.: on the Mississippi, 

643 



PAL 



PAR 



49 m. W. by S. Jackson. It is 25 m, by the r. S. of Vicks- 
bure:, and has a steamboat landing and some trade. 

I'ALMYBA, U and p. o., JefftTson co., Wiac. : 4S m. E. S. E. 
Madison. Drained by E. affluents of Eock r., affurding 
good mill-seata. Surface varied ; soil generally very fertile. 
The Milwaukie and Mississippi K. R. crosses the t., and the 
8ta. is 4'2 m. W. from Milwaukie. Pop. 997. 

Palmyra, p. o., Simpson county, Xt/.: 13t m. 8. "W. 
Frankfort 

Palo. p. o., Linh co., Ta. : on the W. side of Cedar river, 
81 m. N. N. W. Iowa City. 

Palo, p. o., Fayette co., Ala. : 127 ra. N. "W. Montgomery. 

Palo Alto county, la. Situate N. toward the W., and 
contains 576 sq. m. Brained by the Moingooan r., a tribu- 
tary of ihe Des Moines. Surface undulating and diversified. 
Set off since 1850. 

Palo Alto, p. v., Jasper co., Ga. : 3S m. N. W. by "W. 
Milledgeville. 

Palo Alto, p. 0., Highland co., Virg. : 12T m. W. N. "W. 
Eichmond. 

Palo Alto, p. o., Lawrence co., Tenn.: 62 m. S. S. W. 
Nashville. 

Palo Alto, p. v., Louisa co., Ja. : about 4 m W. of the 
Mississippi, 45 m. S. E. by S. Iowa City. 

Palo Alto, p. o., Hamilton county, III.: 181 m. 3. S. E. 
Springfield, 

Palo Alto, p. o., Onslow county, 2i. Car.: 92 ra. 8. E. 
Ealeigh. 

Palo Alto, p. o., Chickasaw co., Miss. : 118 m. N. E. by N. 
Jackson. 

Palona, p. o., Greenville district, S. Car. : 105 m. N. W. 
Columbia. 

Palos. p. 0., Miami co., Ind. : 74 m. N. Indianapolis, 

Palos, p. o., Cook CO., III. : 162 m. N. E. Springfield, 

Pa-melia Fotje Cor.xETJi, p. v., Jefferson co., iV. Y. : 4 m. 
N. of Watertown, 14S ra. N. W. Albany. 

Pamlico river, iV; Cai\ ; is a broad estuary leading from 
Tar river into Pamlico sound, 40 m. long, 1 to S m. broad, 
and deep enough for all vessels which navigate Pamlico 
Sound. 

Pamlico sound, N". Car. ; is separated from the Atlantic 
Ocean by long sandy islands about 1 m. wide, is 80 ra. long, 
8 to 30 m. wide, receives Tar and Neuse rivers, is entered 
by Ocracoke inlet, and connects on the N. with Albemarle 
sound. The land around it is low, and in some places 
marshy. 

Pamitn'kt river, Yirg.: formed by the junction of N. and 
S. Anna rivers, between Hanover and Caroline counties, 
thence flows in a S. E. course, until it unites with Malla- 
pond r., which then form York r. 

Panama, p. o., Chautauque co., K T. : 805 m. "W. by 8. 
Albany. 

Panama, p. o., Defiance county, Ohio: 127 m. N. "W. 
Columbus. 

Pancoastbubg, p, v., Fayette co., Ohio: G4 m. 8. S. W. 
Columbus. 

Pandora, p. o., Johnson county, Tenn. : 2GS m. E. by N. 
Nashville. 

Panola county, Mif^fi. Situate N. W., and contains 753 
sq. ra. Drained by Tallahatchie r. and branches of Cold 
Water r. Surface generally level; soil fertile, and making 
fine pasture. Chief productions, cotton and Indian corn. 
Farms 61S; manuf. 0; dwell. 891, and pop.— wh. 5,021, fr. 
col. 8, si. 6,420~total 11,444. Copital: Panola, 

Panola county, Tex, Situate E. toward the N.,and con- 
tains 893 sq. m. Drained by Sabine r. and its branches. 
Burface diversified by low hills and fertile valleys; soil fer- 
tile. Pine and other timber abounds. Farms 209 ; manuf. 
0; dweU. 45G, and pop.— wh. 2,676, fr. col. 2, si. 1,193— total 
3,^71. Capital: Carthage. 

Panola, p. v., and cap. Panola county, Mh>i. : on Talla- 
hatchie r., 134 m. N. by E. Jackson. It eonf.'iins a court- 
house, jail, an academy, several Bt-^rcs, mid 500 inhabilanls. 
G4i 



The " Panolean" (dem.), and "P, Picayune-' are published 
weekly. 

Paxtego, p. o,, Beaufort co., if". Car. : on a small afflueul 
of Pungo r., 106 m. E. Kaleigh. 

Panthee, p. v., and cap. Polk co., Ark. : 110 m. W- by S. 
Little Eock. It is a small settlement, in which the wuuty 
business is transacted, containing a hotel and 3 or 4 stores. 

Panther Cheek, p. o., Cass co.. III. : about 2 m. S. of 
Sangamon r,, 33 ra. W. N. "W. Springfield. 

Pantiier Ckeek, p. o., Surry co., N. Car. : 127 m. W. N.W 
Ealeigh. 

Pantiiee Fohk, p. 0., Greenville district, S. -Car. : 112 m. 
N. W. Colurabia. 

Panther's Gap, p, o., Eockbridge co., Virg. : on the E. 
base of Mill mt., 102 m. "W. by N. liiehmond. 

Pantiies Springs, p. o., Jefferson co., Tenn. : 185 m. E. 
Nashville. 

Pantiiersvilxe, p. v., Do Kalb co., Oa. : on a head of 
Ocmulgee r., sy m. N. W. by W. MiUedgevdle. 

Panton, t. and p. o., Addison county, Verm. : on Lake 
Champlain, 87 m. W. S. W. Montpelier. Bounded E. by 
Otter cr., and drained by a S. branch. Surface very level; 
soil of average fertility. Pop. 559. 

Pan Yan, p. o., Eaciue county. Wise. : G3 miles E. S. E. 
Madison. 

Paoli, p. v., aiid cap. Oninge co., Ind. : on the N. side of 
Lick cr., S3 m. S. by "W. Indianapolis. It contains a oourtr 
house, jail, academy, a dozen stores, several flouring and 
other mills, and 4C1 inhabitants. A plauk-road leads heuco 
40 m. to New Albiiny. 

Paoli, p. v., Chester co., Penn.: 73 m. E. by 8. Harris- 
burg. Two miles S. "W". of the v. is a monument on the spot 
where, on tlie 20th of September, 1777, Gen. "Wayne waa 
defeated by the British under Gen. Grey. Tiie v. is 21 m. 
from PhiladeJifhia, on the Colurabia and Philadelphia R. R., 
beyond which a branch road to "Westchester diverges here. 

Papaoton river, iVl Y.: the E. branch of Delaware r. 
rises in E. part of Delaware co., and flows S. "W. G5 ra. to its 
junction with W. branch of the Delaware r. 

Papakl'Nk, p. 0., Delaware co., K. Y. : on Papacton r, 
52 ra. S. W. Albany ; now called HalcottsvUle. 

Paper-Mill Village, p. v., Cheshire co.. iK ITmnp. : on 
Cold r., 5 m. E. of the Ct>nuecticut, 39 m. "W. by S. Concord. 

Papertown, p. o., Cumberland co., Pcnn. : "W. Harris- 
burg. A furnace of 1,400 tons annual capacity, using water- 
power, is located here. 

Paferville, p. v., Sullivan co., Tenn.: on a N. branch 
of Holston r., near the Yirg. line, 253 m. E. by N. Nashville. 

Papinsville, p. v., Bates co., Mo.: on Osage r., 103 m. 
"W. S. W. Jefferson City. 

Pabaclifta, p. v., and cap. Sevier co., Ark.; on Cossatot 
cr. of Little r., 121 m. S. "W. by W. Little Eock. It contains 
a court-house, hotel, and several stores. Pop. 144. 

Paradise, p. o.. Coles co., 111. : G9 ra. E. S. E. SpringSeld. 

Parauise, sta., Wayne co., Ohio: 8 m. E. of Woosler, on 
the Ohio and Pennsylvania E. E. 

Parapise, p. v., Lancaster county, Pernn. : 47 m. E, S. E. 
Harrisburg. 

PAr.ADisE, p. o., Eockingham co., Virg.: 103 m. N. W. 
Eichmond. 

Paradise Furnace, p. o., Huntingdon co., Penn. : 62 ra. 
"W. Harrisburg. The ftirnace uses water-power, and has 
annual c:ipaeiIyof 1,000 tons. A forge, capable of producing 
500 tons blooms per annum, is also located here. 

Paradise Valley, p. v., Monroe comity, Penn.: 97 ra. 
N. E. by E. Harrisburg. 

pAi'.(!nKR's Corners, p. c, Fulton county, Ohio: 129 m, 
N. N. "W. Columbus. 

Pardkevillr, p. v., Columbia co.,Wific.: on the Neenah, 
near the E. end of Swan lake, 84 m. N. Madison. It con- 
tains several mills and stores, and a population of 200. 

Takiiam's LANnrxo, p. o., Catahoula par., La.: 101 m- 
N. N. W. liiitou Eouge. 



PAR 



PAR 



Parham's Store, p. o., Sussex co., Tirff. : 37 m. S. S. E. 
nichmond. 

Paiu'^, p. v., and cap. Kdgar co., IIK: 106 m. E. by S. 
Springfield. It lies on the E. border of a large prairie, and 
contains a court-house, jail, academy, a dozen stores, and 
6ftO inliabilnnts. The proposed railroad from Tcrre Haute 
to Springfield passes through it. The "Prairie Beacon" 
(whig) is pui»lislied weekly. 

Paris, p. v., Jennings co., Ind.: on the E. side of Gra- 
ham's fork of Muscatatuk r.. 6S m. S. S. E. Indianapolia. It 
contains several storts and about 500 inhabitants. 

PAitts, p. v., antl cap. Bourbon Co., Ay. ; on the S. branch 
of Licking r. 31 m. E. Frankfurt. It contains a courl-hini-^o 
and jail, a hank, two academies, several largo commercial 
houses, and 1,3'^4 inliabiutnts. The Maysville and Lexing- 
ton U. R. passes through it, and the proposed road fiMin 
Louisville to Knoxville, Tenn. The " Western Citizen" 
(whig) is published weekly. 

pAiiis, t., p. v., and cap. Oxford co., Me. : 37 m. "W. by S. 
Augusta. Brained by Little Androscoggin r. and branches, 
supplying much wator-power. Surface uneven; in parts 
rough; soil very productive of grass and grain. A superior 
farming town, with several large factories and mills. The 
Atlantic and St, Lawrence K. K. crosses the W. part along 
the r. The v., on an E, branch of the r., has a brisk trade, 
and contains a court-house, jail, and academy. The "Ox- 
ford Democrat" and ''Second Advent Kcview" are issued 
weekly. Pop. of t. 2,8S3. 

Paris, t. an<l p. o., Kent county, Midi. ; 5S m. W. by N. 
Lansing. Drained by Gypsum (or Plaster) cr., a S. affluent 
of Grand r. Surface rolling and well timbered ; soil vege- 
table loam and very fertile. Gypsum is abundant on tlie cr., 
and salt springs are found. Pop. 521. 

Paius, p. v., and cap. Monroe co.. Mo. : on the S. fork of 
• Salt r., *)2 m. N. by E. Jefferson City. It contains a court- 
house, jail, academy, and about 500 inhabitants. 

Pap.is, I. and p. o., Oneida county, K Y. : SI m. W. by N. 
Albany. Drained by Sahada or Sauquoit cr., wliioh sn]>plies 
fine wa .^r-power. Surface high and rolling; soil sandy and 
calcareous loam of excellent quality, and hitrlily cuUivati'd. 
It is well limbered, and has several maimfact'Tits of cotton 
and woolen goods, paper, etc. Pop. of t. 4.'3S3. 

Paris, p. o., Coweta county, G'l.: 92 miles W. by N. 
Milledgcville. 
Paris, p. v., Lafayette co. J/i>.9. ,• 151 m. N. by E. Jacks^m. 
Paris, t. and p. v.. Slark county, 0/iio:l()l m. N. E. by E. 
Columbus. Drained by Sandy cr. and branches, affording 
water-power. Surface rolling or hilly ; soil fertile. The v. 
contains several factories and 500 inhabitants. Population 
of t. 2,740. 

Paris, p. o., "Washington county, Petin.: 173 m. "W. 
Uarrisburg, 

pARie, p. v., and cap. ITcnry co., T^mi. : on a branch of 
Big Sandy river, a W. tributary of the Toiineasee, SiJ miles 
W. by N. Nashville. It contains a court-house, jail, acade- 
my, and several stores, and 400 inhabitants. "The Repub- 
lic'' (whig) is published here -weekly. 

Paris, p. v., and cap. Lamar co., Te.r. : 267 m. N. N. E. 
Austin City. It contains a court-he use, jail, academy, and 
several stores. The "Western Star," a weekly issue, is 
published. 

Pahis, p. v., Fauquier county, Virg. : 103 m. N. N. W. 
Eichni'tnd. It lies at the E. base of the Blue Kidge, and 
contains several stores and 250 inhabitants. 

Paris, t. and p. o., Kenosha co., Wi~sc. : 79 m. E. S. E. 
Madisnn. Drained by Des Plaines r., on which are numer- 
ous mill-.sites. Surface mostly even, and soil very product- 
ive of the grains. A fine limestone is quarried. Pop. 947. 
PAKisBirua. Giles Co., Virff. S*^e Gilts C. II. 
Parisu. I. and p. o., Oswegr* co., Js\ }'. : 133 m. TIV. N. W. I 
Albany. Drained by Salmon cr. Surface undulating; soFI | 
fertile loam. A farming t. with euperior dairies. Popula- l 
Uon 1,799. ^ J 



PARi>~Hvri,i,F:, t. and p. v., St. Lawrence co., iV. J'. ; 147 m. 
N. N. E. Albany. Drain<-d by Racket and St. Regis rivers. 
Surface rolling: soil adapted to grass, com. and rye. It is 
heavily timbered and wi.dl supplied \^ith mill-seals. The v. 
is on St. Regis r., and contains several mills and about 500 
inhabitants. P«ip. of I. 2.132. 

Pauisville, p. v., portage co., Ohio: on (he W. branch 
of Mahoning r., 12S m. N. E. Columbus. 

Park, I. and p. o., St. Joseph's co., Mi'/t. : 7K m. 8. "W. 
Lansing. Drained by Portage r. of the S(. JnsipliV, which 
furnishes good mill-sites. Surface undulaliug; suit very 
productive. Pop. 8"-'3. 

Parke enunty, Jnd. Situate W., and contains 4'2S sq. ni. 
Drained by Sugar and Big and Little liaconn creeks, tril>- 
nt.arics of the Wabash, which nnis on its western border, 
and by these good water-power is gained. Surface slightly 
undulating, and partly divtT&ilied with low hills ; soil a deep 
black loam, with sand intermixed, and very fertile. Chief 
productions wheat, Indian ci'rn, and tobacco. There ia 
some rich prairie-land and much fine timber. It contains 
coal, and has some excellent beds of iron ore. Farms 1.390; 
inanuf. 63 ; dwell. 2,46S, and jiop.— wh. 14,741, fr. col. 227— 
total 14,9GS. (7tt/j/i((^;Kockville. PublicWork-^: Wabaah 
and Erie Canal. 

Parker's, sta., Hillsboro' co., A\ I/anip. : 10 m. N. W. of 
Manchester, on the New Hampshire Central R. R. 

Parkersburg (formerly Sciioolev's Mount), p. v., Mor- 
ris CO., iV. Jer. : 3S in. N. by W. Trenton. A mineral spring 
here, with the beauty of its location on the E. side of 
Schooley's Mountain, has made it a popular place of sum- 
mer resort, with ample accommodation fur visitors. 

Parkeksuuug, p. v., Richland county, III. : 119 m. 8. E. 
Springfield. 

Parkersburg, p. v., Jasjjcr co., /a. : S2 m. W. Iowa City. 

Parkersbi-rg, p. v., Montgomery county, Ind. : li m. 
W. by N. Indianapolis. 

Parkersui'I'.o, ]). ()., Yell CO., AiA:: on Petite Jenn r, 
70 m. W. by N. Little Rock. 

Parkersrurg. p. v., and cap. Wood co,, Virff.: on the 
Ohio, inmicdiately above the entrance of Little Kanawha r., 
252 m. W. N. W. Richmonii. It has an extensive river and 
inland trade, and valuable manufaelnres, which must be 
greatly increased by the completion of the Cincinnati, llills- 
boro', and Park«rsburg R. li, and the North Western R. R., 
thi.' latter to connect the Baltimore and Ohio R. R. wilh the 
Ohio r. at tliis place. It contains a court-house and jail, a 
bank, 2 academii^, a dozen stores, 2 steam saw-mills, 2 
steam fl(»uring-mills, numerous smaller manufacturing ffr 
tablivlmients. and a papulation of 1,218 souls. Tiie "P. 
Gazette" (whig) and *■ P. News" are puljUshed weeicly. 

Parker's Uead, p. o., Linci>tn co., Me.: on the Atlantic, 
37 m. S. S. E. Augusta. 

Parker's Stork. ]t. o., Franklin co., Otr. : about 3 m.W. 
of Savannah r., 100 m. N. by E. Miiledgeville. 

Paekersville, p. v., Chester co., I'enn.: 63 m. E. 8. E. 
Uarrisburg. 

Parkeilsville, p. 0., St. Tammany par., La.: 63 m. E, 
Baton Rouge. 

Paekesbueo, p. V. and sta., Chester co., P&nn.: on the 
Columbia and Phiiadetpliia R. R., 45 m.W. of Philadelphia, 
61 m. E. S. E. Uarrisburg. It contains the State machine 
shops, several dep6Is and warehouses, 3 stores, a hote-1, and 
between 50 and 60 dwellings. 

Parkeville, p. v., Noxubee county, MtJiS. : 113 milee 
N. E. by E. Jackson. 

Park Hall, p. o., SI. Mary's county, MiL: 46 milei 6. 
Annapolis. 

Park Heap, p. o., Washington county, Md.: b9 uiik* 
N. W. by W. Annapolis. 

Parki-son, p. o., Beaver co., Pe^in.: 184 ra. W. by N. 
Uarrisburg. 

I'arkman, t. and p. o., Piscataquis county, Me. : 5J m. 
N. N. E. Augusta. Drained by brancheti of Pis'-atai^ui* r 

G4^ 



PAR 



PAS 



Surface moderately uneven; soil fertile and well wooded. 
A superior dairy town. Pop. 1.243. 

Paekman, t. and p. o., Geauga co., Ohio: 136 m. N. E. 
Columbu3. Drained by branches of Cuyahoga and Grand 
rivers, which furnish good mill-aeala. Pop. 1.353. 

Park's, p. o., Scott co., Ark. : on La Fave r., 94 m. W. 
Little Rock. 

Park's, p. o., Edgefield dist., S. Car. : about 4 m. E. of 
Savannah r., 7S m. W. by S. Columbia. 

Park's Coenkrs, p. v., Boone co., HI. : 1S6 m. N. by E. 
Springfield. 

Park's Stoke, p. o., Cabarras co., N. Car. : lol m.W. by 9. 
Ealeigh. 

Park's Stoke, p. o., Jackson co., Ala. : 164 m. N. by E. 
Montgomerj". 

Parksville, p. v., Sullivan county, N. Y. : S3 ra. S. W. 
Albany. 

Pakkton, p. V. and sta., Baltimore co., Md. : on the N. 
Bide of Great Gunpowder Falls, where it is crossed by the 
Baltimore and Susquehanna R. K., 25 m. N. of Baltimore. 

pARKTiLLE, p. 0- Platte CO.. 3fo. : <in the lett bank of the 
Missouri. 139 m. ^^'. N. W. Jefferson City. Pop. 30i>. 

Pakma, t. and p. o., Monroe co., ^' }'. ; on the S. shore 
of Lake Ontario, 217 ni. W, by N. Albany. Drained by 
Salmon cr., flowing into Braddock's bay. Surface generally 
even; soil sandy or gravelly loam, and very productive. It 
i3 chiefly a farming town, but has several manufactories. 
Pop. 2,946. 

Parma, t. and p. o., Cuyahoga county, Ohio: 115 m. 
N. E. by N. Columbus. Drained by branches of Cuyahoga 
r. Surface level, and soil adapted to wheat. Pop. 1,.529. 

Parma, sla., Jackson co.,Mich.: on the Michigan Central 
K. K., 10 m. W. of Jackson. 

Parma Centre, p. o., Monroe co., A^. Y. : 215 m. W. by N. 
Albany. 

Paknassfs, p. o., "Wilcox co., Ala. : about 4 m. W. of 
Alabama r., 76 m. W. by S. Montgomery. 

Parnassus, p. o., Augusta co., Virg.: 106 m. W. N. W. 
Eichmond. 

Paruwas City, p. v., Iron county, UtnJi Ter. : near S. 
extremiiy of Little Salt Lake. 105 m. S. S. W. Fillmore City. 

Parrish, p. v., Des Moines co., la. : about 8 m. N. of 
Skunk r.. 59 m. S. by E. Iowa City. 

Parkotsvtlle, p. v., Cocke co., Teim. : on a branch of 
French broad r„ 2(i9 ni. E. by N. N:ishviUe. 

Parrysville, p. v.. Carbrin co., Penn. : on the E. side of 
Lehigh r., at the mouth of Big creek, 73 m. N. E. by E. 
Harrlsburg. 

Parsippast, p. v., Morris co., AC Jer. : on Parsippany r., 
47 m. N. N. E. Trentuu. It contains an academy and several 
stores and mills. 

Parsonage, p. o., Williamsburg dist., ^S". Car.: 79 m. 
E. S. E. Columbus. 

Parsossfield, t. and p. v., York co.. Me. : 74 ro. S. "W. 
Augusta. Bounded N. by Ossipee r., and W. by X. fhimp. 
Surface broken and rough ; soil proiliRlive. Several ponds 
feed fine mill streams. Iron ore and ziniiare found. Farm- 
ing and various manufactures are extensively carried on. 
The V. contains an incorporated seminary for both sexes. 
Pop. of t. 2.322. 

Partlow's, p. o.,Spottsylvaniaco., Virg.: 4fini.N. by W. 
Eichmond. 

Partnersiiip, p. o., Charles county, MJ. : 44 m. S. W. 
Annapolis. 

Paktbldgk Islan'p, p. 0., Delaware co., Al Y.: 92 m. 
8. W. by. W. Albany. 

Pascagoula. p. v., Jackson co., Mi-ss. : at the mouth of 
Paseagoula r., 155 m. S. E. by S. Jackson. 

PAfiCAG0ci.A river. Miss.: formed by tho junction of 
Chickasawha and Leaf rivers, and flows S. by E. about CO m. 
into Pascagoula Sound of Gulf of Mexico. It is navigable 
for vessel'! drawing 6 feet water. 

PASOAtiiit-'LA sound, J//.v«.; uir the mouth of Pascagoula 
C46 



r., separated from the Gulf of Mexico by several long, nar- 
row islands. 55 m. long, and 8 m. in avernge brearlth. 

Pasoo, p. o., Dallas co., J/o. : 79 m. S. W. Jefferson City. 

Pascoao, p. v., Providence co., J^. I. : on Pascoag r., a 
S. affluent of Branch r., 19 m. N. W. by W. Providence. It 
contains a bank, and several factories and mills. 

Pashaavn, p. 0., La Grange co., Itid. : on the E. side of 
Little Elkhart r., 131 m.N. by E. Indianapolis. 

Paskack, p. o., Bergen co., IT. Jer. : on the "W. side of 
Paskack r., a W. branch of the Hackensack, 65 miles 
N. E. by N. Trenton. 

Pasquotank county, AC Car. Situate N. E.. and contains 
241 sq. m. Drained by small streams of Pasquotank r. 
Surface level, a portion of it being low and marshy, and 
unfit for cultivation ; soil variou.s, owing to the divursily of 
the surface ; where fit for cultivation, it is fertile and adapted 
to grain. Chief products, wheat and Indian com. Farms 
530; manuf. 11; dwell. 1,150, and pop.— wh. 4,611, fr. col. 
1,234, si. 3,105— total S,950. Capitul : Elizabeth City. 

PASQroTANK rivcr, NI Car. : rises in the Dismal Swamp, 
flows S. E., and with broad estuary enters Albemarle Soun<i. 
It is connected with Elizabeth r., H/'£(., by the Disuaz. 
Swamp Canal, which see. 

PASSADrMKEAG, t. and p. 0., Penobscot co., M''. : on the 
E. side of Penobscot r., S5 m. N. E. Augusta. Drained by 
Passadumkcag r. Surface varied ; soil fertile. Lumber 
getting engrosses attention. Pop 294. 

Passadumkeag river, Me. : an E. branch of Penobscot r., 
which it enters at Passadumkeag v., affording in its course 
fine mill sites. 

Passaic county, X Jer. Situate toward the N. E., and 
contains 193 sq. m. Drained by Passaic river and ita 
branches. Surface broken, and in parts hilly ; soil various, 
but for the most part is fertile, and produces good crops of , 
wheat, Indian corn, and potatoes. Ithas some good timber 
land. Farms 610 ; manuf. 247 ; dwell. 3,369, and pop.— wh. 
21.922. fr. col. 630, si. 23— total 22.575. Capital : Paterson. 
Public WorJcs: Union E. E. ; Morris and Essex Canal. 

Pas9.uo river, N". Jer. : rises in Mendhani, Morris co., and 
flows with very irregular course 70 m. to its entrance into 
Newark bay. At Paterson it has a perpendicular fall of 50 
feet, and a total descent of 70 feet, affording an immense 
water-power. It is navigable for sloops to Acquackauock, 
12 miles. 

Passaic Bridge, sta., Passaic co., K. Jer, : on the tTnion 
E. E., 12 m. from New York. 

PASSAMAofODDT bay, Me.: lies partly in Maine, and 
partly in the British province of New Brunswick, 12 ra. 
long, and averaging 7 m. wide. It is separated from the 
ocean by Deer and Campobello islands, aud many smaller 
islands. It has everywhere a sufficient depth of water for 
the largest vessels, and is never closed by ice. Its waters 
abound with mackerel, herring, cod, and other flsh. Tho 
tide varies from 25 to S3 feet. The statistics of Passam.i- 
quoddy collection district are given under Eastport, which 
is its port of entry. 

Pass Christian, p. v., Harrison co., Misn. : on the E. side 
of the p:iss into St. Louis bay, opposite Shieldsboro', 141 m. 
S. S. E. Jackson. 

pAsstTureic, p. V. and sta., Caledonia co.. Venv,: on 
rassuini)sic r., and the Conueetieat and Passunipsic Eivers 
Railroad, 4 m. south of St. Johnsbury, 29 m. E. N. E. 
Montpelier. 

pASsvMPSic river, Tenn. : rises from a pond in "Westmore 
t., flows by S. course 34 m., aud enters Connecticut r. It 
has several falls, particularly in Lyndon, where it de- 
scends 65 feet in 30 rods, producing great water-power. The 
Connecticut and Passumpsic E. E. nms along the river, 
and is now completed to St. Johnsbury. 

PAS.svrNir, t, and v., Philadelphia county. Penn. : 9^ m. 
S. by W. Harrisburg. Bounded S. by Schuylkill .-ind Dela- 
ware, and drained by Hollander's cr. Surface level; soil 
alluvium and loam. League island, on tho Delaware, be- 



PAT 



PAT 



longs to it, and is covered with gardens and meadows. The 
bank of the Schuylkill is high an-i sleep. Pop. 1,60T. 

Patai-sco river, Md.: rises in Baltimore co., nnd enters 
Chesapeake bay, by a broad estuary. It is navigable to 
Fell's Point, in Baltimore, 14 m., for vessels drawing IS feet 
water. In its course it affords extensive wat-er-power, 
which has been improved by the establishment of namer- 
ons mills nn its banks, some of which are large and profit- 
able concerns. 

Pataskala, sta., Licking co.yOhio: on the Cenlral Ohio 
Pv. R., 26 m. W. of Newark. 
Patchin. p. o., Erie co., iV, T. : 25" m. W. Albany. 
Patciiogfe, p. v., Suffolk co., ^. Y.: on the S. side of 
Long Island, near Great South bay, 133 m. S, S. E. Albany. 
A stream passes through it, supplying ample water-power. 
It contains several factories and mills, and about ."K)!) inhab- 
itants. In summer it is much frequented by sportsmen fnr 
the excellent fishing and fowling the neighborhood affords. 
There are many fine prospects from this locality. 

Patf.iwox. sta., Putnam CO., iV. 1'. ;63m. N. of New York, 
on the Harlem R. R. 

Paterson, p. city, and cap. Pa.ssaic co., IT. Jei'. : ob the 
Passaic, immeiiialely below the f:tlls of that river, 4 ni. from 
tide water and -26 m. above its ennflucnoe with Newark bay, 
in Jat. 4(P r)5' N., and long. 74^ I'J' W., fjT m. N. E. by N. 
Trenton, ami 17 m. N. N. W. New York city. It is situate 
midway on the lines of the Union (ft^rmerly the Paterson 
anil Hudson) R. R., which, extending to Jersey City, gives 
it easy access to New York, and to SufTt-rn's, where the road 
connects with the great New York and Erie R. E., from the 
Hudson, at Piermont, to Dunkirk, on Lake Eric, by which 
it has also connection with the whole interior of Western 
New York and Lake Ontario. The Morris Canal, extend- 
ing from .Jersey City to Easton, Penn., 102 m.. also accom- 
modates its large and valuable commerce, and is the chan- 
nel through which, as a manufacturing city, it receives its 
fuel. 

The fall has a perpendicular descent of 50 feet The ad- 
vantages derivable from the great fall in the river have 
been improved with much judgment. A dam 4| feet high, 
strongly framed and bolted to the rock in the bed of tlie 
river above the falls, turns the stream through a canal ex- 
cavated in the trap rock of the bank, into a basin, whence 
through strong guard gates it supplies in succession three 
canals on separate planes, each below the other, giving to the 
miUson each a head and fall of about 22 feet. The falls and 
the improvements afford a constant and abundant supply of 
water for the vast number of manufacturing establishments 
in operation in the city, which is now one of the most im- 
portant manufacturing places in the United States, and in 
New Jersey second only to Newark. The falls of the Pa.s- 
eaic is a beautiful sheet of water, and in its passage, through 
the lapse of ages, the waters have worn a deep chasm int" 
the solid rock, which is obviously retreating, as the abraded 
banks below testify. No spectacle can be more imposing 
than is presented by the falling water, as it glides gently 
over the brow of the precipice, and in flood the scene is 
macniflcent. 

Paterson contains the county courl-house, the jail, and 
other public offices. 16 or 17 churches of various denomina- 
tions, some of which are elegant and substantial stnictures, 
many lar^e hotels, numerous school-houses, and its build- 
ings devoted to manufacturing purposes arc generally eon- 
elrueled of stone. <.)n the whole, it is more than usually 
substantial in its buildings. The streets are generally laid 
ont with regularity, althouch in some parts they conform 
more to the peculiar topography of the ground than t« 
mathematical design. The city is lighted with gas, and its 
streets arc well paved and the sidewalks flap;c;pd. The 
manufactures of the city are on an extensive scale, consist- 
ing of cotton floods, of which there about 20 factories ; wool- 
en goods, tiyeing and printing establishments, fulling-mills. 
gun and pistol fact^jries, machine shojis, car and carriage 



factories, which turn out large numbers of railroad and 
other carriages, ftiuuderies of brass and iron, papcr-milla 
and a variety of mills an<l factories of less note. Two banks 
are established here, also a savings' bank, and several in- 
surance agencies. For mental culture there is annate pn> 
vision ; a philosophical society for young men, which has a 
respectable library, and a mechanics' society, for the ad- 
vancement of science and the mechanic arts, with a library, 
philosojdiical apparatus, etc., have been establi.*hed for 
many years. There are also night-schools, at which the 
mechanics whose daily occupations deljar them the ordinary 
advantages of education, are instructed in the usual branch- 
es. The public press of the city consists of the " P. Guard- 
ian'' (dein.) and the " P. Intelligencer" (whig), each of 
which circulates from SOO to 1,000 copies weekly. 

Paterson was founded by an association, incorporated in 
1791, for (ho purpose of fostering manufactures, and is said 
to have been projected by Alexander Hamilton, at that time 
U. 8. Secretary of State. The year preceding this ilate saw 
machine cotton spinning first established in New England 
—the factory of Samuel Slater having been established at 
Pawlucket, Ji. /., in 1790. The plans of this company, 
which had a capital of $1,000,000, failed of success, and 
tiie enterprise, fur which the times were not sufficiently ad- 
vanced, was abandoned. In after yenrs, however, the pro- 
ject was revived, and the design of the original association 
carried out by others. The city of Paterson is the great 
monument of the success that crowned and rewarded their 
persistent labors. 

The population in ISIO was 292; in 1320, 1,57S, and in 
1830, 7,7:11. In 1S40 it was only 7,596, but in ISoO it had in- 
creased to n,33S — the increase in the decade having been 
at the rate of 4U.26 per centum. 

In the vicinity of Paterson, and on the opposite side of 
the Passaic, is New Manchester, which, though under a se- 
parate organization, is to all intents and purposes a part of 
the city, having the same interests and being connected with 
it by two bridges. It contains numerous factories and mills, 
and is a highly flourishing place. The population of the 
town of Manchester in 1S50 was 2,781, Goflle, Oldham, 
and Totowa, are villages in the same town. 

Patoka, p. V. and sta., Gibson co., I>td. : on the N. side 
of Patoka cr.. 117 m. S. W. by S. Indianapolis. It is on the 
Evansville anil Illinois R. R., 30 m. N. of EvausviUe, and 
contains several stores and mills. 

Patoka river, Itu?. : rises in S. part of Orange co., flows 
AV., and emi»ties iufv) the Wabash just below the raoulh of 
White r. It is about 100 m. long, 150 feet wide, and navi- 
gable in high water over 60 miles, 

Paton, p. o.. Cape Girardeau co., 3fo.: on Whitewater 
cr., 142 m. S. E. by E. Jefferson City, 

Patrick county, Virg. Situate S., and contains 506 sq. m. 
I>rained l.iy branches of Smith's, S. Mayo, and Little Dan 
rivers. Surface hilly and broken ; soil moderately fert'dc- 
Ohief products, Indian corn and tobacco. On the N. W. 
runs tlic Blue Ridge. Farms 74S ; niiinuf. 27 ; dwell. 1,24S, 
and pop.— wh. 7,197, fr. col. SS, si. 2,324— total 9,609. Capi- 
tal: Patrick C. II. 

Patrick C. II., p. v., and cap. Patrick county, Virg.: on 
South Mayo r., a branch of the Dan, 163 m. W. S. W. Rich- 
mond. It contains a court-house and jail, a flouring-mill, 
several tobacco factories, and about 500 inhabitants. The v. 
is also called Taylorsvillo. 

pATRioKTowN, t. and p. o., Lincoln county, Me. : 15 m. E. 
Augusta. The W. is occupied by a large pond, the source 
of Siieepscot r. Surface varied; soil very productive, and 
well wooded. Pop. 552. 

Patiuot, p. v., Switzerland co., Trul. : on the Ohio, 92 m. 
S. K. IiKiiariapolis. It is 49 m. below Cincinnati, has a con- 
venient landing, and contains about fiOO inhabitants. 

Patkiot, p. v., Gallia county, Ohio: on the E. side of 
Symmcs cr., 86 m. S. S. E, Columbus It contains several 
stores and about 400 inhabitants. 



PAT 



PAW 



Fatten, t and p. o., Peuobscol uo., Jle. : 135 m. N. N. K. 
Augusta. Pop. 470. 

Patten's Home, p. o., liutherford co., M Car. : 191 m. 
W. by S. HaleigU. 

Patten '6 Mills, p. o., Washington county, 2f. Y. ; 47 m. 
N. by E. Albany. 

Patterson, t. and p. v., Putnam co., JV. Y. : 88 m. S. by E. 
Albany. Drained by Croton r. t^urfact; broken ; soil fertilR 
in tbe valleys, and under high cultivation. The Harlem 
K. K. crosses it, and P. sta. is 80 m. N. of New York. The 
V. is on irotun r., and contains an academy and several 
stores. Pop. ol' U 1,371. 

Patterson, p. o., Wayne county. Mo. : 137 m. S. E. 
Jefferson City. 

Pattei'.son, p. v., Delaware co., Ohio: on the W. side of 
Scioto r., 2S m. N. by W. Columbus. 

Paitekson, sta., Wyandot co., Ohio : 34 m. N. of Bella- 
fontaine, on the Mad liiver and Lake Erie R. K. 

Patterson's Bluff, p. o., Johnson (lo.^Ark. : on the right 
bank of Arkansas r., at the mouth of Mountain cr., 86 m, 
N. W. by W. Little Kock. 

Patterson's Dep6t. p. v. and sta., Hampshire co., Virg. : 
on the S. side of Potomac r., 8 m. E. of (.'unibcrlaud by the 
liallimore and Ohio K. K., 152 m. N. W. by N. liiehmond. 

Patterson's Mills, p. o., Washington co., P&tm. : IGS m. 
W. Harrisbiirg. 

Patterson's Stoee, p. o., Allamance co., 2^. Car. : 49 m. 
W.N.W.' Raleigh. 

PATTEReoNviLLE, p. V., Si. Marv's par., La. : on Bayou 
Tech6, 49 m. S. by W. Baton Rouge. Great quantities of 
cotton and eugar are produced in the vicinity, and sent 
down the r. from this point. 

Pattillos, p. o., Jefferson co., Teen. : near Cow bayou of 
tbe Sabine, 229 ra. E. by S. Austin City. 

Pattonsburg, p. v., Davies co., Mo. : on Big cr., about 5 
m. N. of Grand r., 143 ra. N. W. Jefferson City. 

Pattonsburg, p. v., Botetourt co., M.ig. : on the N. side 
of James r., 122 m. W. Richmond. A bridge coimeels it 
with the V. of Buchanan on the S. side, and the two contain 
a dozen stores, several mills and tobacco factories, and about 
600 inhabitants. 

Pattonsville, p. v., Scott CO., Tirg. : 2S7 m. W. by S. 
Richmond. 

Pattonsville. p. v., Hocking co., Ohio: on the Hocking 
Canal, E. side of Hocking r., 43 m. S. E. Columbus. It is 
22 m. by canal N. W. Athens. 

Pattonville, p. v., Bedford co., Pemi. : S2 m. W. by S. 
Harrisburg. 

Patuxent, p. v., Anne Arundel co., Md.: on the E. side 
of Patuxent r., 19 m, N. W. Annapolis. 

PATtTif:NT river, Md. : the longest r. in the State, rises in 
the N. part of Montgomery and Howard counties; flows 
S. E. 40 m., then, bending to the S., flows 50 m. in that di- 
rection, nearly parallel with Chesapeake bay, which it enters 
by a large estuary. It is navigable to Nolliugliara, 50 m., 
for vessels of 250 tons, and further for smaller vessels. 

Pai'lding county, Ga^ Situate W. toward the N., and 
contains 66;} sq. m. Drained by head branches of Talla- 
poosa r. and branches of Etowah r. Surface varied— in the 
N. being hilly, the remainder level land ; soil fertile. Chief 
productions, cotton, Indian com, and fruit. It has some ttne 
timber land. Farms 422 ; manuf. 10 ; dwell. 1,059. and pop.— 
wh. 5,5G0, fr. col. 2, si. 1,477— loUl 7,039. CupiUil : Van WerL 

PAULDirw county, Ohio. Situate W. toward the N., and 
contains 436 sq. m. Drained by Maumee r. and Auglaize r. 
and its branches Crooked and Blue creeks. Surface level ; 
soil very productive, and is well adapted to grain. Farms 
77; manuf."4; dwell. 307, and pop. — wh. 1,7(>5, fr. col. 1— 
total 1,760. Oipit<il: Paulding C. U. J'liUic iro/'A-*; 
Sandusky and Fort Wayne and SU Louis R. R. ; Wabash 
and Erie Canal; Miami Canal, etc. 

Paulding, p. v., and cap. Jasper county, Jfw^. .' 67 ni. 
E. by S. Jackson. It contains a cuiurt-house, jail, academy, 
643 



several stores, and 400 inhabitanls. The " Eastern Clarion" 
(dem.) is published weekly. 

Paulding, p. v., and cap. Paulding co., Ohi.o: on Crooked 
cr., a W. branch of the Auglaize, 114 m. N. W. Columbus. 
It contains the co. buildings and several stores and mills. 

Paulina, p. v., Warren co., K. Jer.: on the S. side of 
Paulin's Kill, 52 m. Ji. by W. Trenton. 

Paulinskill, r.. A'". Jer. : risca in Sussex co., and flows in 
S. W. course about 40 m., entering Delaware r. in N. W. 
comer of Warren co., noar Columbia. 

Patilion, p. v., Kendall co., lU. : about 1 m. S. of Fox r., 
142 m. N. N. E. Springfield. 

Pavilion, t and p. o., Kalamazoo county, Mich.: 63 m. 
S. W. Lansing. Drained by Portage r. of the St. JosephV, 
into whieh flow several large ponds. Surface level; soil 
adapted to grasi and grain. Pop. 495. 

Pavilion, t. and p. o., Genesee county, N. Y.: 228 in. 
W. by N. Albany. Drained by Allen's cr. Surface roll- 
ing; soil clayey loam. A superior L for wheat growing. 
Pop. 1,^40. 

Pavilion Centre, p. v., Genesee county, A'. 1', ; 221 m. 
W. by X. Albany. 

Pavtoatuck, river, Ji. I. and Conn. : formed in Wasliing- 
ton CO., by the junction of Wood and Charles rivers, which 
afftjfd extensive water-power; flows in S. W. course to the 
State line, thence S., forming the dividing line between Uie 
States, to its entrance into Nautigansick bay. 

Pawlet, t,, p. v., and sta., Rutland co., Verm.: on the 
W. line of the State, 71 m. S. S. W. MontpeUer. Drained 
by Pawlet r. Surface broken ; soil very productive of corn 
and grass. Grazing is much attended to, and various 
manufactures carried on. The Rutland and Washington 
li. R. crosses the W. part, on which is the sta., IS m. 6. of 
Castleton. The v. contains an academy. Pop. oft. l,Siyl3. 

Pawlet river, Verm, and A^. i". ; rises in Dorset, VU, 
flows N. W. into Lake Champlaiu, and affords good water- 
power. 

Pawlings, t. and p. v., Duchess county, A'". }'. ; 77 m. 
S. by E. Albany. Drained by branches of FishUill and 
Croton rivers. Surface a large valley with hills on the E. 
and W. sides ; soil moderately fertile. It cont;iins several 
ponds and has good iron ore. The v. is 67 m. from New 
York by the Ilarlem R. R., and contains a bank and several 
stores. Pop. of t. 1,720. 

Paw Paw, p. v., Miami county, Ind. : on the E. side of 
Eel r., at the mouth of Paw P.iw cr., 70 m. N. by E. Indian- 
apolis. It is on the proposed railroad from Peru to Goshen. 

Paw Paw, p. v., and cap. Van Buren oo., Mich, : on the 
S. branch of Paw Paw r., SI m. S. W. by W. Lau.'jing. It 
contains the co. buildings, several mills, 8 or 10 stores, and 
500 inhabitants. The *' P. Free Press" (dem.), is published 
weekly. Paw Paw sta. ^ 4 m. S. E. of the v. ou the Mich- 
igan Central R. R. 

Paw Paw, p. v. and sta,, Morgan ca, Virg.: 146 m. 
N. N. W. Richmond. It is 15 m. E. of Cumberland on tlie 
Baltimore and Ohio R. R, 

Paw Paw Grove, p. o., Leo co., JIL: 133 m. N. by E. 
Springfield. 

Pawtucket, t. and sta., Bristol co., Mam. : on Pawtucket 
r., 87 m. S. S. W. Boston, and 4 m. N. by E. Providenee, 
ou Boston and Providence R. R. This small t. embraces 
part of the v. of Pawtucket, and is noted for its factories of 
cotton and woollen goods. Pop. of L in 1S30, 1,459; in I^40, 
2,1 S4; in 1>50, 3,753. 

Pawtucket, p. v. and sta., Providence county, 7?. / ; on 
Pawtucket r., 4 m. N. Providence, on Worcester and Prov- 
idence R. K, This large and flourlsliing v. is located on 
b'tth sides of tht^ r., which here furnishes great water-power. 
The first mannfaeturc of cotton goods in this couniry by 
water-power machinery was commenced litre in 1790, by 
Mr. Samut;! Slater, an Englishman. The present factories 
are for the most part engaged in making cotton goi>ds. 
There are 7 churches, 3 banks, 12 cotton factories, etc. Tho 



PAW 



PEE 



"Giizelte and Chronicle" (miscel.) is issued weekly. 
Pop. 7,000. 

Pawtcxket, river, li. I. : This important river abovt- 
Pawtucket v., in Mjiss., is called Blackstonc r. (wliit^h see), 
and below the fulls lakes the name of Seehonk r. At the v. 
it has a deseent of 50 feet, affording great water-water. 
Below the falls it is navigable 4 m. to its entrance into 
rro\idence r. below Providence. 

Pawtuxet, p. v., Kent co., 7?. /. .■ on Pawtuxet r., near 
its mouth, 3 m. S. Providence. The harbor is spacious, safe, 
and convenient The v. is upon both sides of the r. and 
crossed by a bridge. The great water-power here afforded 
is improved by extensive factories of cotton and woollen 
goods, grist-mills, etc. Pop. about 1,500. 

Pawtuxet, p. c, Wakulla co., Fhr. : 23 m. S. by W. 
Tallahassee. 

Pawtdxet, river. li. L : rises in W. part of Providence co., 
flows E. S. E. until it receives its principal branch in War- 
wich t. ; thence E. N. E., and enters Providence bay 3 m. 
below Providence. It affords great water-power, used by 
numerous factories, particularly tbosc of cotton goods. 

Pa.ivinos. t. and p. o., Northumberland co., Penn. Here are 
a furnace of 1,100 tons capacity, and a forge producing 
250 tons of bloiims per annum, both using water-power. 
Soil fertile. It contains good farms and pastures, and is well 
wooded. Pop. 890. 

Paxton, t and p. v., 'Worcester county, Mass.: 47 m. 
W. Boston. Surface very high, dividing the streams of the 
Connecticut and the Merrimac, and much broken. 

Pay Dow.k, p. o., Osage co., Mo. 

Paynestili.e, p. v.. Pike co., Mo. : about 6 m. W. of the 
Mississippi. 79 m. N. E. by E. Jefferson City. 

Payneville, p. v., Sumter co., Ala. : 113 m. W. by N. 
Montgomery. 

Payson, p. v., Adams county, III. : about 6 m. E. of the 
Mississippi, 84 m. W. Springfield. 

Peace Dalk, p. v., Washington co., E. I. : 26 m. S. by W. 
Providence. 

pEAcnAM, t. and p. v., Caledonia county. Verm. : 21 m. 
E. by N. Montpelier. Onion r. rises in a pond in the W., 
and small streams afford water-power. Surface slightly 
uneven ; soil fertile. Limestone is found, and in the E. 
great quantities of marl. A superior farming t. The v. 
contain.s a large academy. Pop. l,o77. 

Peach Bottom. I. and p. v.. Yurk co., Penn.: on the S. 
line of the State, and W. side of Susquelianna r.,44 m. S. E. 
Harrisburg. Bounded N. by Muddy cr., by branches of 
which it is drained. Surface level; soil gravelly and 
generally fertile. The Rusquihanna or Tide-WaU^r Canal 
passes along the r., on which is the v. containing a factory 
and several stores and mills. 

Peach Bottom, p. o.. Grayson co., Ylrg.: on a W. branch 
of New r., 211 ni. W. S. W. Richmond. 

pEAca Ceeek, p. 0., Panola co., MUft. : 129 m. N. by E. 
Jackson. 

Pkacii Geove, p. 0., Fahfax county, Virg. : 93 ra. N. 
Kichniond. 

Peach Ouchakd, p. o., Lawrence co., Ky. : 117 ra. E. 
Frankfort. 

pEAcn Teee. p. c, Cherokee co., K. Car. ; on the N. side 
of Hiwassee r.. 304 m. W. by S. Raleigh. 

Peach Treb Gkove, p. o., N:ish county, JV; Car.: 87 m. 
E. by N. Raleigh. 

Peake'.s, 8ta., Hanover co., Tlrg. : 15 m. N. of Richmond, 
on the Virginia Central R. R. 

Peaksville, p. v., Bedft>rd co., Mrg.: 9S m. W. by S. 
Richmond. 

Pealek's, p. o., Columbia county, Peiui. : 65 m. N. N. E. 
Harrisi)urg. 

Peapack. p. v., Somerset co., K. Jer. : on Peapack river, 
85 m. N. by E. Tnnt.m. 

Pea Ridge, p. o., Union district, S. Car.: 65 m. N. W. 
Columbia. 



Pea RiitQE, p. o., Montgoinery county, Teun.: 34 m. 
W. N. W. Nashville. 

Pea Ridoe, p. o., Benton co., Ark. : 155 m. N. W. Little 
Rt.ck. 

Pea Ri-vek, p. o.. Pike co., Ala. : on the E. side of tho r. 
so callt:d, 59 m. S. E. Moutgooiery. 

pEAKL river, MtJis. : is formed from several branches near 
the centre of M/ss.^ runs S. W., until below Jackson it 
bends, and thence flows S. by E. to the Gulf ot Mexico. 
From lat, Sl'^ N. it forms the divitiing line b(.-tween Alii. 
and /-(/. The navigation is obstructed by sand-bars, shal- 
lows, etc., but admits small vessels to Jackson. For statis- 
tics of Pearl river collection district, see Siueldsduko', its 
port of entry. 

Pearlington, p. 0., Hancock co., Mi-ss. : on Pearl river, 
about 10 m. above its month, 141 m. S. by E. Jackson. 

Peael Valley, p. n., Neshoba co., Mi^m. : about 3 m. N. 
of Pearl r., 09 m. N. E. by E. Jackson. 

Pea Vine, p. o., Walker county, Oa.: ISl ni. N. W. 
Milledgeville. 

Pecan Gkove, p. o., Carroll par., La. : 145 m. N. Eaton 
Rouge. 

Pecan Point, p. o., Mississippi co., Ark. : on the Missis- 
sippi, 141 in. E. N. E. Little liock. 

Peoiv's Run, p. o., Barbour co., Virg. ; 109 m. N. W. by W. 
Richmond. 

Pecksvillr, J). v., Duchess co., 2^. T. : 79 m. S. Albany. 

Peoonic bays, -V. Y.: lie at the E. end of Long Island, 
dividing it into two peninsulas. Great Peconic bay is sepa- 
rated from Gardiner's bay cm Its E. by Shelter island, arul 
is a large body of water, 14 m. long by 4 to 5 m. wide. It 
is separated from Souihold harbor by Litile Hog Neck, and 
cuntaiits Kobbins' island, E. of its centre. Little Pet'onic 
bay is its more western portion, extending inland 4 or 5 ni., 
and receives from that Peconic r., which is navigable for 
sloops to Riverhead. 
^ Pecos river, .y. M^j". : the main N. tributary of the Rio 
Grande; rises in the table-lands E. of Santa F6, and flows 
in a S. S. E. course through the valUy between tho Guada- 
loupe Mountains and Sierra Blanca 500 m., lo its conlluence 
with the Rio Grande. 

Pedeg, p. v.. Cedar co., la. : 17 m. E. Iowa City. 

Pedee rivers. Great and Little, jS'. Car.: Great Pedee r. 
rises in the N. W. part of ^V. C<ir.., and is called Yadkin r. 
until it enters S. C'ir.. through which it flows, in a S. S. !•'. 
course, into Winyaw bay, an inlet from the Atlantic. It is 
navigable 200 m. for boats of 00 or 70 tons. Litile Pedee r. 
rises in S. E. part of A'. < 'ar., and flows in a southerly course 
to its confluence with the Great Pedee r., 32 m. above its 
mouth. 

Pedlar's Hill, p. o., Chalhara co., iV. Car. : 30 m. W. 
RaU-igh. 

Pei'Lar'8 Mile, p. o., Amherst co., T7r^. .- on a N. branch 
of James r., 94 m. W. Richmond. 

Pei'RIcktown, p. v., Salem co.. A' Jer. : on Oldman's cr., 
2 m. E. of the Delaware, 46 ra. S. W. Trenton. 

Peedee. p. o., Anson co.. A'. Car. : SS m. S. W, Raleigh. 

pEEicsKiLL, p. V. and sla., Westclieater co., N. Y. : on the 
E. side of Hu<i3on r., 4-3 m. N. ot New York, and 101 m. S. 
of Albany by the Hudson River R. K. It is pleasantly 
situated, contains 8 churches, an incorporated academy, G 
large iron foundries, casting chiefly stoves and agricultural 
implements, several tanneries, etc., and one hank, capit.al 
$200,000. A large business is done by barges, sloops, etc., 
in conveying to the New York market.^ live-stock and vegc- 
labK^ pr-iduce here collected from the fertile agricultural 
district surrounding it. A steam ferry-boat plies across tlie 
Hudson to Caldwell's Landing. The "P. Republican" 
(whig) is issued weekly. This place is invested with interest 
from iL** connection with the Revolution. Pop. about 3,000. 

Peeleo Oak, p. o.. IJath co.. A'//. : 61 m. E. Frankfort. 

Pekl TreEj i>. 0., Harrison co., Virg. ; 201 m. N. \V. by W. 
Richmond. 

649 



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PEN 



Peeey's Store, p. o., Tazewell co., Vlrg. ; 241 m. "W. by S. 
Eieliinotul. 

Peikceville, p. v., Dane county, Wise. : 13 m. E. N. E. 
Madison. 

Pek ATONiCA river, Wise, and III. : rises in Iowa co.,'Wi3C., 
and flows S. and E. into lloclc r., in 111., 6 m. below its N. 
boundary. Near its mouth it receives tVom the N. Sugar er., 
a considerable branch. It la navigable for fiatboata to Min- 
eral Point, Wise. 

Pekin, p. v., Tazewell co.. III. : on the left bank of the 
IHinois, 54 m. N, Springfleld. It is 1S2 ra. from the mouth 
of the r., and largely engaged in shipping the agricultural 
products of an exlt^nsive and ft-rlile di,^Irict for the K. and S. 
markets. Though commerce is the leading interest, its man- 
ufactures are rapidly increasing, and must soon be of great 
importance. It contains an academy, several steam flouring 
and saw mills, about 40 stores and warehouses, and 2,500 
inhat>itauts. Two weekly newspapers, the '' Tazewell Mirror" 
(whig), and "Illinois Reveille"' (dem.), are published here. 

Pekin, p. V. and sta., Niagara co., TV. Y. : on the Roches- 
ter, Lockport, and Niagara Falls E. R., 10 m. W. of Lock- 
port, 259 m. W. by N. Albany. 

Pekin, p. o.. Jessamine co., Sy. : 26 m. S. E. Frankfort 

Pekin, p. v., Carroll co., Ohio: on Sandy or. and the San- 
dusky and Beaver Canal, 107 m. E. N. E. Columbus. 

Pekin, p. o., Jackson co., Tenn.: 57 m. E. Nashville. 

pKKis, p. V. and sta., Washington co., Ind. : on Lick cr. 
of Great Blue r., 81 m. S. Indianapolis. It is 24 m. N. of 
New Albany, on the New Albany and Salem E. R. 

Peuiam, t, and p. o., Westchester co., i^ Y. : on Long 
Island Sound, 121 m. S. Albany. Drained by Eastehester 
cr., flowing into Eastehester bay. Surface mostly level; 
soil sandy, but well tilled. The New York and New Haven 
11. R. crosses the N. parL Pop. 577. 

Pelilam, t, and p. v., Hampshire co., Mass: 73 m. W. of 
Boston. Drained by Swift and Fort rivers, which furnish 
mill-sites. Surface high and uneven ; soil of average qual- 
ity. Asbestos is found, and springs containing iron and sul- 
phur. Building stone is abundant. Pop. of t. 9S.3. 

Pelham, t. and p. o., Hillsboro' county, 2^. Harnp. : 8S m. 
8. S. E. Concord. Drained by Beaver r., an affluent of the 
Merrimac Surface broken; soil fL-rlile on the streams. 
Farming and grazing are the chief occupations. Population 
of 1. 1,071. 

Pelham, p. o., Grundy co., Tenn. : 76 m. S. E. Nashville. 

Pella, p. v., Marion co.. In. : on a fine upland, equi-dis- 
tant from the Dcs Moines and Skunk rivers, 72 m. W'. by S. 
Iowa City. A colony of Hollanders, under President 
Schaulter. has settled here, 

Peltontille, p. v., Steuben co., JV; 3'.* about 2 m. W. 
of Crooked lake, 181 m. W. Albany. 

Pemadttmcook lake, Me. : lying hi the E. part of Piscata- 
quis CO., is a large body of wafer, of irregular shape, sur- 
rounded by some of the best timber-land in the State, and 
affords excellent transportation for the lumber, etc. 

Pemacjitd, p. o., Lincoln co., Me. : near the Atlantic coast, 
80 m. S. S. E. Augusta. 

Pembeuton, t and p. v., Burlington co., iV". Jer.: 17 m. 
S. S. E. Trenton. Drained by braiu-ht-s of Rancocus cr., 
which furnish water-power. Surface mostly level; soil 
saudy loam of good quality. The v. is on the N. branch of 
the cr., and contains a furnace, cotton factory, several mills 
and stores, and about SOO inhabitants. Pop. of t. 2,S66. 

pE.yuKRT0N, p. v., Goochland co., Virff. : 27 m. W. N.W. 
Richmond. 

Pembina county, Minn. Ter. Situate N., and contains 
45.000 sq. m. This large county lies between lat. 47° and 
490, and extends from the Missouri and White Earth rivers 
on thci W. to the Mississippi, which in part forms its E. 
bonnrlary. The sources of the Mississippi occupy the E. 
section of the cnvuity. and consist of a series of lakes, large 
and small, which arc spread over thousands of square miles. 
Westward of this is tha height of land dividing the waters 
CoO 



of the Mississippi flowing S. from those of the Red r. of tho 
N., the latter of which passes through the county firom the 
S., and falls into Lake Winnipeg above the national bound- 
ary. The extreme W. is drained by numerous affluents of 
the Missouri. Little is known of this far northern region, 
except of the immediate banks of the Red River, where, at 
Pembina, are located the followers of Lord Selkirk. The 
county is well wooded, and the soils, where settlement has 
been made, are found to be very fertile, but the short sum- 
mers and long winters must eve/ prevent the dense popula- 
tion of the country, so long as there is room to spare in the 
milder climates and fine lauds of the more genial South. 
Farms 17; manuf. 0; dwell. ISS, and pop.— wh. 1,134, 
fr.col. 0— total 1,134. Capital: Pembina. 

Pembina, p. v., and cap. Pembina co., Minn. Ter.: on 
E. bank of Red r. of the N., at the N. boundary line of tho 
State, 334 m. N. N. W. St Paul. This settlement contains 
upward of 1,000 population, principally persons of mixed 
Indian and white blood, who subsist chiefly by agriculture 
and hunting. There is a Catholic church in which to ac- 
commodate the varied population ; sermons are preached 
in English, French, and Chippeway. 

Pelmbeokk, t. and p. c, Christian co., Ky. : 166 m. S. W. 
by W. Frankfort. 

Pembeoke. t and p. v., Washington co., Me. : on the N. 
side Cobscook bay, 136 miles E. by N. Augusta. Surface 
varied ; soil fertile and well tilled. The coasting-trade and 
flsheries are leading interests. Pop. of 1. 1,712. 

Pembeoke, t and p. v., Plymouth county, Masft.: 24 m. 
S. S. E. Boston. Drained by branches of North r., whi'-h 
alTord good power. The r. is deep, and navigable int" the 
t., and ship-building is carried on extensively along its 
course. In the S. are several ponds. Cotton goods, iron 
eastings, cabinet-ware, etc., are manufactured. The v. con- 
tains an academy. Pop. of 1. 1,3*3. 

Pemheoke, U and p. v., Merrimac co., iV. Uamp. : 1 m. 
S. E. Concord. Bounded W. by the Merrimac, and S. by 
the Suncook, which supply water-power. Surface pleas- 
antly diversified; soils various, mostly fertile, and on the 
rivers very rich. The Portsmouth and Concord R. R. passes 
along the Merrimac. The v. extends about 8. m. parallel 
to that r., and contains a large and flourishing academy. 
Pop. of L 1,732. 

PuMBROKE, t. and p. v., Genesee county, N. Y. : 22S m. 
W. by N. Albany. Drained by Tonawanda cr., whieh has 
several falls. Surface even or undulating ; soil clayey loam, 
and very productive of wheat. The Canandaigua and Ni- 
agara Falls R. R. and Buffalo and Rochester R. R. cross the 
t ; on the latter is P. sta., 11 m. W^. of Batavia. The v. on 
the creek contains a furnace and several mills. Population 
of t. 2,279. 

Pembroke, p. c, Giles county, Virg.: 163 m. W. by S. 
Richmond. 

Pemigewassett river, N. JTamp. : the principal constitu- 
ent stream of Merrimac r., rises in the White Mountains 
E. of Franconia, and flows in general 9. course to its junc- 
tion in Franklin t. with Winnipiseogee r., there forming tho 
Merrimac river. 

Pemiscot county. Mo. Situate S. E., and contains about 
3110 sq. m. Drained by White Water r. and its branches in 
the N. W. portion. Surface low and level ; a large portion 
is swampy, and unfit for cultivation; soil is fertile where 
cultivated, and adapted to grain. It produces abundanlly 
wheat, corn, fruits, etc., and has .some good timber land. It 
contains some minerals and good coul-beds. In the S. W. 
is Lake Pemiscot, occupying a large portion of the co, Tho 
Missi.'Jsippi bounds it on the E. A new county since 1S50. 
CapiUil: Little Prairie. 
PENATAQriT. p. o., Sufflilk CO., N. Y. 
Pencader, hund., New Castle co.. Del.: on the W. lino 
of the State, and contains 2£>,250 acres. Surface elevated 
and uneven: soil clayey, in parts marshy, find moderately 
productive. The Philailelphia, Wilmington, and Baltimore 



PEN 



PEN 



E. R., the New CasUe and Frenchtown R. E., and the 
Chesapeake and Delaware Canal pass tlirouijh it. 

Pemdabvis' Stohe, p. o., Wayne co., Ga.: 145 m. S. E. 
by S. Milledgeville. 

rENDLEi-oN county, Ey. Situate N., and contains 2S6 
sq. m. Drained by Licking r. and il3 branches. Grassy, 
Kincaid's. anil Fort Lick creeks. Surface generally level, 
but in the N. E. rather hilly, and presenting high bluffs to 
the r. shore; soil fertile and productive, and there is some 
good grazing land. Staples, Indian corn and tobacco. 
Farms 606; mannf. 7; dwell. l,(i.'>7. and pop.— wh. 6,'2;30, 
fr. col. 35,81.509— total 6,7"4. Capital: Falmouth. Ptihlic 
Wvrkii: Coviugiou and Lexington R. K. ; Covington and 
Maysvillo R. R. 

Pendleton county, n';-^. Situate N. centrally, and con- 
tains 612 sq. m. Drained byS. branch of Putuniac r., which 
traverses its central portiun. Surface mountainous and 
rough, the co. being an elevated table-land lying between 
two ridges of the Alleghany Mountains; soil barren in gen- 
eral. Chief production, Indian com. Farms 693 ; manuf. 
56; dwell. 891. and pop.— wU. 5,-t43, fr. col. 30, si. 323— total 
5,775. Capital: Franklin. 

Penplkton. p. V. and sta., Madison co,, Ind. : on Fall cr., 
25 m. N. E. by E. Indianapolis. It ia 2S m. from Indianap- 
olis by the Indianapolis and Bellefontaine K. K., and has 
good water-power on the cr. It contains several stores and 
mills, and 600 or SOO inhabitants. There are quarries of 
limestone and marble near it. 

Pendleton, t. and p. v., Niagara connty, N. T. : 252 m. 
W. by N. Albany. Drained by affluents of Tonawanda cr., 
its S. boundary. Surface undulating ; soil fertile calcareous 
loam. It contains a noted sulphur spring. The Canan- 
daigua and Niagara Falls R. R. crosses the S. part Tlie 
Erie Canal also passes through it, on which is the v., 7 m. I 
S. W. of Lockport, 24 m. N. E. of Buffalo. Pop. of t. 2,166. 

Pendleton, p. o., Putnam county, Ohio: 95 m. N. W". 
Columbus. 

Pendleton, p. v., Anderson dist., S, Car.: on Eigldcen 
Mde cr., an atlluent of Savannah r., 121 m. W. N. W. 
Columbia. It contains 2 academies, a dozen stores, and 
about 7"0 inhabitants. The "P. Messenger."' a weekly is- 
sue, is published. The proposed route of the Rabun Gap 
K. K. passes through it 

Pendleton river, Ga.: rises in Lawrence county and 
flows 8. E. into Tatnall county, there joining the Great 
Ohoopee r. 

Pendleton Centke, p. v., Niagara CO., JV. Y. : 254 m. 
TT. by N. Albany. 

Pendleton Hill, p. 0., New Loudon co., Conn. : 26 m. 
B. E. Hartford. 

Penfield, p. v., Greene co., Ga.: 41 m. N. Milledgeville. 
It has a pleasant location, is well laid out and neatly built, 
and the seat of a college and theological seminary under 
the direction of the Baptists. Mercer University was found- 
ed in IS-'iS, and in 1S50 had 7 instructors, 32 alumni (of 
whom 10 were ministers), 71 students, and a library of 3.400 
volumes. Mercer Theological Seminar}-, founded in 1S44, 



had in 1S50. 2 professors, 6 student*. 8 graduates, and 2,200 
volumes in its library. Pop. about SOO. 

Penfield, p. v., Kane co.. III. : on the right bank of 
Fox r., at the entrance of Big Rock cr., 142 ul N. N. E. 
Springfield. 

Penfield, t. and p. v., Monroe county, JV. }'.: 1^7 m. 
\V. by N. Albany. l>rained by Irondequoil cr., empiviiii: 
into Irondequriit bay. its W. boundary, f-iirfai'e undnlalimr? 
soil loam, mixed with sand, gravel. <»r clay. Liuie^inne L^ 
plenty, and wheat the chief product, Tlie v. is on ilu- 
creek, and contains an academy, several faciorieji, and 
flouring and other mills, and a population of bOU. Popula- 
tion of t. 3.1S5. 

Penfield, t. and p. o., Lorain co., Ohio: 94 m. N. N. E. -■ 
Columbus. Drained by E. branch of Black r. Pop. 672. 

Peninsitla, p. v., Summit co., Ohio: on Cuyahoga r. and 
the Ohio Canal, 24 m. S. Cleveland, 113 m. N. E. Ci'luuibus. 

Pexn DiSTKiCT, t, Philadelphia co., Penn. iS''-e Puila- 

DELPHI A. 

Rennet's, p. o., Randolph co., Mo,: 65 m, N. by W. 
Jefferson City. 

Pennfield, p. o., Davidson co.. A'. Car. : 93 m. W. lial'igli. 

Pennfeeld, t. and p. o.. Calhoun co., Jlich. : 41 m. S. W. 
Lansing. Drained by Battle cr.. a N. branch of the Kala- 
mazoo, on which are numerous water iirivih-tres. Surface 
rolling ; soil very productive of grain. Pop. 598. 

Pennington, p. v., Mercer co., J^. Jer. : S ni. N. by W. 
Trenton. It contains an academy and 8 or 10 stttres. 

Penningtonville. p. V. and sta.. Chester co,, Pi'iin. : on 
the Columbia and Phila<lelphia R. R., 4S m. "W. tif Pinla- 
delphia. 52 ra. E. S. E. llarrlsburg. Near the v. is a fur- 
nace of 1,200 tons annual capacity, and u forge producing 
350 tons of blooms per annum. It contains several stores 
about 40 dwellings. 

Penn Line, p. o., Crawford co., Penn.: near the "W'. Hue 
of the State, 2"S m. N. W. by AV. Ilarrisburg. 

Penn Run, p. o., Indiana co., Penn. : lis m. W. N. W. 
Ilarrisburg. 

Pennsrorough, p. v., Ritchie county, Vir/j.: 232 miles 
N. W. by N. Richmond. 

Pennsborougu, p. o., Irwin co., Go.: 112 m. S. by ^V. 
Milledgeville. 

Pennsbi'kg, p. 0., Montgomery county, P^nn. : IS m. E. 
Ilarrisburg. 

Pknn's Cf,eek, p. o.. Union co., Pt-mi. : on a W. allbicnt 
of the Susquehanna so called, 43 m. N. by AV. Ilarrishuru'. 

pENN*e Grove, p. o., Salem co., A''. Jer. : ou Iklawarc r., 
49 m. S. "ff. Trenton. 

Penn's Grove, p. c, Delaware CO., /'e/zM. ; 74 m. E. S. E. 
Ilarrisburg. 

Penn's Square, p. o., Montgomery co.. Pfiin. 

Pf.nn's Store, p. o., Patrick co., Ilri/. : on North Mayo r., 
152 m. W. S.W. Richmond. 

Prnnsville, p. v., Morgan co., Ohio: about 3 m. W. of 
Muskingum r., 64 m. E. S. E. Columbus. 

Pennsville, p. v., Fayelle CO., Penn-.: 137 m. W. by S. 
Ilarrisburg. 



THE STATE UF PENNSYLVANIA. 

pENNSVLVANiA, from her central position, her natural resources, and her grand system of transit lines, one of the ni(>9t 
important Suites of the Union, lies in the form of a parallel. )gram, between 30^ 43' (Mason and Dixon's line) and 42^ 
latitudes N., and extends from 74^^ 40' to 80O 36' longitudes "W. from Greenwich, or 2^^' 22' E. and 3=^ 35' \V. fromW'jwh- 
ington. It is l>ounded on the north by Lake Erie and the State of New Vork ; on the ea.st by New Jersey, from which 
the Delaware River separates it; on the south by Delaware, Maryland, and Virginia; and on the w^est by Virginia and 
Ohio. AVilh a length from east to west of 315 miles, an<l a breadth, exclusive of the strip of laud jutting toward Lake 
]:rie, of 160 miles, its area covers a surface of 46,000 square miles. 

Peniii-ylvania, with the exception of Virginia, is the only State which stretches quite across the great Appalachian sys^ 
tern (»f mountains, and is thus naltu-ally divided into three strikingly distinct regions— the eastern or AUimtie slopo, the 
Central or mountain region, and the west^-rn, or Ohio and Erie tabh'-land. 

The i)rineipal mountain chains deflnilely traceable in this Stale are as follows: 

L The Simth Mouut;iin enters it from Ncv^ Jersey, between Northampton and Bucks counties, and after being intcr- 

651 



PENNSYLVANIA. 



nipted by Ihe Schuylkill above PotUtowu, and by the Susquehanna near the southern border of the State, it passes into 
Marjiand. 

2. The Blue Eidge enters Pennsylvania below Easton, where it is pierced by the Delaware; pursuing a south-westerly 
directi<)n, it is intcrrnf>ted by the Schuylkill at Eeading. by the Susquehanna below Hurrisburg, and passes out of the 
State between Adams and Kr.inklin counties. The elevation of the former ridge nowhere exceeds 1,000 feet, and that of 
the latter is somewhat more elevated. 

S. The Blue Mountain, or Killiitinny, also enters this State from New Jersey, and is broken by the Delaware at Water 
Gap, fiiriher west by a pass called the Wind Gap, by the U-hlgh, by the Schuylkill above llarrisburg, and by the Suf-que- 
hanna five miles above llarrisburg. It then passes between Franklin and Bedford counties into Maryland. Its eleva- 
tion in Penrisylvatiia varies from SOO to 1,500 feet above the sea level. Between the KilluLinny Mountain and the north 
branch of the Susquehanna Kiver, a distance of about 35 miles, is the great anthracite coal region. 

4. The Broad Mountain, which lies in the intervening space between the Kittatinny Mountain and Susquehanna, forms 
a less continuous but more elevated chaia than the last mentioned. It is continued south-west ol" the Susquehr^niia by the 
Tuscarora Mountains, which are pierced by the Jimiata between Mifflin and Perry counties, and passes into Maryland a 
little west of the Kittatiimy chain. 

5. Sideling Hill forms a well-defined ridge from the Maryland line to the Juniata, on the south-west comer of 
Mifflin County. 

G. The next well-defined chain is the Alleghany Mountain, which forms the dividing ridgo between the Atlantic basin 
and the Valley of the Ohio. It is therefore the height of land between those two basins, altlionyh its summits do not rise 
to so great an elevation above its base as do those of Broad Mountain above the base of that cl!:;in. The Alleghany rises 
in Bradford County, is pitTced by the north branch of the Susquehanna below Towanda, traverses Lycoming County, 
where it crosses the west branch of the Susquehanna, aud pursuing a southerly course, separates Huntingdon and Bed- 
ford from Cambria and Somerset counties. 

Westward of the Alleghany chain, and on the Ohio table-land, two well-defined chains cross the State from north to 
south, in a direction nearly parallel to that of the first-mt-ntioned, under the names of (T) the Laurel Ilidge, about tweuly- 
flve miles west of the Alleghanies; and (S) Chesnut Kidge, ten miles farther west. Neither of these chains is very ele- 
vated. 

Though in some places rude and rocky, many of these mountain ranges consist of gradually rising swells, cultivated to 
the summits, and the whole mountain region is interspersed with highly beautiful and productive valleys, some of which 
are of considerable extent and under an excellent system of cultivation. The eastern aud western parts of the State are 
generally level, oragi'eenbly diversified with hills and vales. 

Every part of Pennsylvania is well watered, and abounds in rivers, streams, rivulets, and brooks ; but some of the rivers 
are so much obstructed that they serve rather as canal feeders than as navigable channels. 

The Delaware, that rises in the Kaatskill Mountains in New York, and bathes the e.i3!em border, may yet be consid- 
ered as belonging lo Pennsylvania, from which it receives its principal tributaries. Pursuing a southerly course, aiid 
piercing the Kittatinny and Blue lUdge, the Delaware mt^elsthe tide 130 miles from the sia at Trenton, to which place it 
is accessible for sloops ; at and above that point the navigation is impeded by a fall aud shoals. Large ships ascend to 
Philadelphia, about -iO miles below which it expands into a broad bay. Its whole course is about 320 miles in length. 
The numerous canals connected with various points of the coal region, and uniting its waters with those of the Hudson, 
the Earitan, and Chesapeake, have greatly increased its importance as a channel of trade. Its principal tributaries in 
Penn-^ylvania are the Lackawaxen, the Lehigh, and the Schuylkill, which rise in the anthracite region. The Schuylkill 
has a course of about 130 miles, and is navigable for vessels of above 300 tons to Philadelphia, six miles below which it 
falls into the Delaware. 

The Susquehanna is the principal river of Pennsylvania in point of size, but it is so much broken in its course by 
rapids and bars as to afford little advantage to navigation without artificial aid. It rises in Otsego Lake, in the State of 
New York, and flowing in a circuitous but general southerly direction, nearly parallel with the Delaware, it reaches tlie 
Chesapeake 400 miles IVom its source. Us prineipal tributaries are all from the right— thv-y are the Unadilla and Che- 
nangi^, in New York : and the Tioga or Chemung, the West Branch, and Ihe Juniata, in I'ennsylvania. The must con- 
siderable from the west are the Lackawannock, Swatara, and Contstoga. The ehimnels of the Susquehanna are so 
winding and broken that even the descending navigation is extremely diiBcult and dangerous, and praclicattle only at 
certain seasons in particular stages of the waters, and its tributaries partake of the same eliaracter. The Juniata rises 
In the Alleghany ridge, but the West Branch rises in numerous streams from the Laurel UiU, and pierces tiie Alleghany 
above Dunslown. 

The great rivers of Western Pennsylvania are tributirics, or, rather, constituents of the Ohio. The Alleghany, rising 
in the north-western slope of the same range, with some of the remote sources of the West Branch, flows first north into 
New York, aud then south to its junction with the Monongahela. It is navigable to Glean, in New York. 240 miles from 
its mouth, arui to Waterford, on French Creek, its principal tributary, 14 miles from Lake Erie. The Kiskimenitas, or 
Conemaugh, the prineipal tributary to the east, rises in the western tieclivity of the Alleghany Mountains, near the head 
waters of the Juniata, and pierces the Laurel and Chestnut ridges. The other constituent branch of the Ohio is the Mo- 
noncahela. which descends from the Alleghany range in Virginia, and before iLs junction with the Alle:;hany receives the 
Youffliiogeny, a large stream from Maryland. Both of these rivers afford boat navigation for a considerable distance. 
The Big Beaver is the only large tributary of the Ohio within this State, aud is navigable for some tiisianoe above tho 
falls near its mouth. After the junction of the Alleghany and Monongahela, the Ohio has a short part of its course <m the 
borders of Pennsylvania. 

Pennsylvania, skirting on Lake Erie, has a coast of about SO miles in length. Seaward, the State has no coast, but its 
noble river, the Delaware, is easily accessible, and furnishes harln.rsof the greati-st imp'irtaiiee. Westward of the mount- 
ains, its rivers open a highway toward the Great West, and uititnateiy to the Gulf of Mexico. And both systems of rivers 
and outlets are so connected by vast internal improvements as to create conlinuoin lines of communication, which not 
only permit of a free passage through the State, but bring to a focus all \ls most distant parts. 

Tlie numerous geological formations which are observable throuichout Pennsylvania, are generally composed of suc- 
cessive strata or layers of rock, based one upon another, from the lowo!>t primary in the series up to the highest rocks con- 
taining the anthracite and bituminous coal. The rocks which contain these stratifications are the highest in the regular 
ascending order found in Ihe State. If rocks of a more recent formation than the coal are found anvwTiere in the Slate, 
652 



PENNSYLVANIA. 



their area is of a very limited character, and they must, in all proljabilit;-, have been deposited since the formation of that 
va&t system of lower secondary strata which occupies so large a portion of tlie territor\*. In traveling lhr'>ugh Hiis Slate, 
the attention of the most casual observer can not fail to be attracted by the course or range of the various groups and bt'ds 
of rocks, which run in nearly a north-east and south-west direction, in many places forming a curvature of oondider;il)Ie 
magnitude, and at the same time corresponding with the mountain ri'Iges which traverse the State. The poaiiion of 
these strata is not in all places the some, their inclination or dip verging in every degree of slope, from horiznnial to 
perpendicular. 

The roclcs of the secondary series, being sedimentary, present a beautiful stratified appearance, and, as a matter of 
course, are composed of a successioa of water deposits, indicating to us that they must have originally lain in a h'Tizuntal 
position. The different rock belonging to the primary stratified class chiefly consist of gneiss, mica, slate, talc-slnle, and 
their subordinate varieties. These occupy the south-eastern portion of Pennsylvania, including a part of Cln-sier, Lan- 
caster, York, Montgomery, Bucks, and Delaware, and the whole of Philadelphia County. There are, lin^evL-r, un^riraii- 
ficd rocks of a cryatalliue structure, comprising granite, sienite, etc., discovered in small local and irregular veins, geiie- 
rally in the southernmost portion of the primary range. This range of rocks exlends from Trenton, on the Driaware, 
downward to the very southern boundary of the State. It also runs westwardly to the south-eastern part ot Adams 
county. The crystalline limestone of Chester and Montgomery counties, which sometimes forms good marble, is found 
above this triangular belt as we proceed north; and in some places north of this limestone, gneiss, with talc and mica- 
Blale, have been discovered. 

Continuing northward, we come to the red sandstone formation, which stretches across the State from the Delaware 
above Trenton to the Marj-land hne. This formation exleniJs through Bucks, Dauphin, Chester, Montgomery, Bi-rks, 
Lancaster, York, and Adams counties. Some geologists have classed this group with the middle secondary period. Ce lliis, 
however, as it may, one thing is certain— it presents a remarkable uniformity with respect to its material and appe:]r:ince 
throughout its whole range. It is composed of dark, reddish brown, argillaceous sandstone, soft, crumbling, red and bnnvn 
ehales. with now and then bands of conglomerate. The dip of the strata is almost invariably to the northward, descending 
at an angle of from 12 to 25 degrees. The conglomerates which this group contains are principally disco\ere<i in the under 
strata, near the southern formation of the margin, or along its northern border in the highest. In both cases, where the 
red sandstone overlies the older limestone in the vicinity, it is frequently that a large portion, if not the whole, of the im- 
bedded pebbles^ consists of rounded fragments of variously colored limestone. The paste which cements them tugfther 
is BO highly calcareous that the whole mass can bo easily burned and converted into tok-rably good lime. Portions uf Ibis 
conglomerate, were they to undergo a polishing process, would make a beautiful variegated marble of the breccia species. 
The marble from which the representative chamber of the Capitol, at "Washington, is made, and which was quarried nu 
the Potomac, is of this character, and belongs to this formation. It is observable at several points in the northt-ru bord<-i 
of the red sandstone, in the upper part of Bucks and the southern parts of Berks, but more especially near the Schuylkill, 
two or three miles below Reading. It is also found in several other places, but in less quantiiy. Numen»u3 hills and 
dykes of trap rock, or greenstone, which sometimes form hills of considerable height, traverse the red samlstone forma- 
tion in the same direction as the other ranges of the State. Generally this rock assumes a dark-gray color, with som'' sUado 
of green crj'slalline in its structure, being chiefly composed of hornblende and feldspar, quite closely mixed. Altliougli Ibis 
rock is exceedingly tough and very difficult to break, yet it is frequently used as a material for buildings ; butinconsetjucnec 
of its being scattered over the surface in irregular masses of all sizes, it is seldom quarried for that purpose. It is very 
evident that this rock is of an igneous origin ; and having been brought to the surface in a stiite of fusion, by an upheaval 
through the dislocated beds of red sandstone, in a highly heated state, it has transformed the texture and color uftlu- .shale 
and sandstone in the neighborhood, turning them into a baked, hard, blue rock, entirely different from their 0Mgiu;d 
cliaracter. In a number of the ridges whieh cross the upper parts of Bucks and Montgomery counties, this rock only i:^ 
visible, the trap having never reached the surface; but the heat, however, from beneath lias been so intense as lo cliamre 
the color and texture of the shales and sandstone above. The soil where this rock is generally found is of a cold, clnyt-y 
character, and but Utile esteemed for agricultural purposes, while the unaltered soil of the shale and sandstone is exceed- 
ingly productive. 

Another belt of primary rocks, which forms a chain of hills stretching south-west across Northampton, Lchi:rh. Buiks, 
Lancaster, York, Cumberiand, Adams, and Franklin counties to the Marylantl line, is fc>und on the Delaware, below 
Easton, north of the middle secondary sandstone. This irregular range is generally called the South Mountain, and 
though frequently interrupted, is nearly continuous across the State. Continuing south-west along this ridge, Llie jinmary 
rocks disappear as we approach the Schuylkill, and altiiough they are seen occasionally west of that even, they arc inva- 
riably covered throughout the remainder of the range by overlying rocks of the secondary series. 

Tho mineral wealth of Pennsylvania consists chiefly in its vast deposits of coal and iron. The coal is of two distinct 
varieties, viz., anthracite, anasphaltic or non-bituminous, and bituminous. 

The anthracite of Pennsylvania is found in the Wyoming and Lackawanna valleys, situated between the Blue Ridge 
and the Susquehaima. The coal district is chiefly occupied by mountains which run parallel to the Blue Kidge, and are 
1,500 feet high. But little of this surface, with the exception of a few narrow valleys, invites cultivatiim. These mount- 
ains are chiefly in a wild state, and offer a secure retreat to cougars, wolves, bears, and other animals. 

Tho rocks of the above described region are of a transition class, and present little diversity. Graywacke slate occurs 
in abundance, loose on the surface and in ledges. It is sometimes based on old red sandstone, and surniountf il by un- 
stratifled rocks, an aggregate of quartz, pebbles of various dimensions, with a cement usually silicious. In llie Bluo 
Ridge, in addition, a silicious graywacke, resembling flne-grained granular quartz, is common. It appears in some places 
massive, but is often slaty. Its cement is chiefly silicious; some alumine, however, is indicated in its conipo.siiion. Tho 
beds and veins of anthracite range from north-east to soulh-wcst, and may often be traced for a considerable distance by 
the compass. The veins have the inclination of the adjacent strata of graywacke, with which they are often alternate, 
usually between 20° to 45"^. In a few places they are horizontal and vertical. The beds and veins of anthracite have 
narrow strata, of dark colored, fine grained, argillaceous schist for the roof ancl floor. This slate generally contains sul- 
phuret of iron, and disintegrates on exposure to the atmosphere. The sulphates of iron and alumine are 6flen observe<l in 
the schist, and it frequently presents impressions of plants, and sometimes of maritime shells. Impure pulverulent coal 
IS usually connected with this slate, and is said to be a good material for printers ink. 

Anthracite has been found in the greatest quantity in sections of coal regions most accessible by water. Kxtensive beds 
and veins range from tho Lehigh to the Susquehanna, crossing the head waters of thi> Schuylkill and Swalara about lu 

668 



PENNSYLVANIA. 



miles north-west of the Blue Kidge, ami it abounds contiguous to the Susquehanna and Lackawanna. But id no part of 
the district does anthracite occur in such apparenlly inexhaustible beds, or is so abundantly raised, as in the vicinity of 
Mauoh Chunk, a village situated on the Lehigh, 35 miles from Easton, and lOS miles by water from Philadelphia. The 
coal is there excavated on the flat summit of a mountain that rises nearly 1,500 feet above the ocean. It is of good 
quality, and presents beds of unparalleled extent, is disclosed for several miles on Iho summit, and is indicated in many 
places by a coal slate in a pulveruletit state on the surface. The mountain rises with a steep acclivity, particularly on the 
north-west side, and when penetrated at various altitudes, discloses coal at about the same distance fi-om the surface. 
Strata of graywacke slate, containing mica, sometimes rest on the coal, parallel with the mountain side. In the deep ex- 
cavations made on the summit no t».'rminaiion of the coal bed has been found, and it is not improbable that the anthracite 
furnu the nucleus of the mountain for a considerable distance. 

This coal mountain range is described aa extending in a south-west drrecUoo to the Susquehanna. To the north-east, 
beyond the Lehigh, it is connected with the Broad Mountain, the first considerable elevation west of the Blue Kidge. 
The Lehigh, from Mauch Chunk to the Water Gap, 11 miles, winds between rocky mountains, with a brisk current, but 
presents no falls. In its passage through the Kittatinny the river i*aa a tranquil but slightly inclined course. On the 
adjacent elevation yellow pine, hemlock, and spruce are intersperi»^d with deciduous trees. From the Water Gap to the 
Delaware the river pursues its course in a deep ravine, seldom with alluvial borders of much extent. In this district of 
country the soil generally re^ts on limestone sinks, indicating caves, and fissures in the rocks are often observed that must 
in some places render canaling difficult. From the coofluence of the Lehigh with the Delaware to tidewater the descent 
is 150 feet. 

Next to Mauch Chunk, Mount Carbon, or Pottsnill's aa it is now called, situated at the head of the Schuylkill Canal, 
has worked the principal anthracite coal fields. Many large veins are worked within three miles of the landing, and some 
have been opened seven miles to the north-^iasL, In tne direction of the Lehigh beds. On almost everj' eminence adja- 
cent to Potts\iile indications of coal are diaelosed. The veins generally run in a north-east direction, "wMh an inelinatioQ 
of about 45°, and are from 3 to 9 feet in thickness ; commencing at or near the surface they penetrate lo an unknown dejjth, 
and can often be traced on hills to a considerable distance by sounding in a north-east or south-west direction. Some 
veins have been wrought to the depth of 20O feet without the necessity of draining, the inclined slate roof sliielding them 
Irum water. The coal and slate are raised by horse-power, in wagons, by a railway that has ^le inclination of the vein. 

Table snowing the quantity of anthracite coal sent to market annually, from ita commencement in 1S'20 : 



^eara. 


Total 
Lehigh. 


•cfe.j'Uiill. 


I.ittic 
SchuylkilL 


Total 
Schuylkill, 


Lackawanna. 


Pine Grove. 


Lvkens 
Valley. 


Shamokin. 


Wyoming. 


Total Supply 


tS20 


365 


_ 


_ 


_ 


_ 


_ 


— 


_ 


— 


865 


1821 


1,073 


— 


— 


— 


— 


— 


— 


— 


— 


1,073 


!S23 


2,441 


— 


— 


— 


— 


— 


— 


— 


— 


2,411 


>833 


6,023 


— 


— 


— 


— 


— 


— 


— 


— 


5,(f28 


1S24 • 


9,541 


— 


— 


— 


— 


— 




— 


— 


9,541 


1825 


28,396 


6.500 


— 


6,r>oo 


— 


— 


— 


— 


— 


81,896 


1S26 


81.280 


16,767 


— 


16,767 


— 


— 


— 


— 


— 


48,017 


1827 


83,074 


81,360 


— 


81,360 


_ 


— 


— 


— 


— 


6:5,434 


1S23 


30,232 


47,2St 


— 


47,2,84 


— 


— 


— 


— 


— 


77,516 


1829 


25.110 


79.972 


— 


79,972 


7,000 


— 


— 


— 


— 


112,088 


1830 


41,750 


69,984 


— 


89.984 


42,700 


— 


— 


— 


— 


176.7-34 


1831 


40,966 


61,854 


_ 


81,854 


54,000 


— 


— 


— 


— 


170,320 


1832 


75.000 


195.271 


14,000 


209.271 


S4,.W0 


— 


_ 


— 


— 


363,771 


1833 


123.000 


216,210 


86.761 


252,971 


111,777 


— 





_- 


— 


437,743 


1834 


1116,244 


' 191,540 


85,152 


226,692 


4:S,700 


_ 





— 


— 


376.6:56 


1>:;5 


131,2!-)0 


802,024 


87,494 


839,518 


98,346 


6,500 





_ 


— 


575,103 


1S36 


146,522 


893,975 


88,070 


432,046 


104^00 


9,978 


5,4.39 


— 


— 


698,434 


IM? 


225,937 


491,280 


81,922 


523,1,52 


115,387 


16,726 


6,430 


— 


— 


837.632 


1S38 


214.211 


421,569 


12,306 


43.3,s75 


76.321 


16.665 


6.005 


4,104 


— 


746.181 


1839 


222,042 


83-3,927 


8,249 


442,176 


122,300 


19.227 


6,372 


11,930 


— 


82.3,479 


1840 


225,691 


4.33.263 


19,023 


4.')2,29I 


148,470 


19,463 


6,.302 


15,923 


— 


867.046 


1341 


142,807 


548,280 


41,412 


684,692 


192,270 


16,.306 


6,176 


22,1.54 


— 


964,255 


1842 


271,913 


491,602 


26,831 


541.504 


205,253 


81.437 


151 


10,098 


47,.346 


1,107,7.33 


1843 


267,125 


647,303 


30,005 


677,313 


227,605 


22.379 


— 


9,870 


57.740 


1,262.,M2 


1841 


376,303 


782,070 


63,.809 


S40.R79 


251,006 


27,719 


— 


13,087 


114,906 


1,623.459 


1845 


430.993 


1,008,901 


76,122 


1,085,023 


266,072 


31.208 


— 


10.1.35 


173,401 


2,002,877 


184S 


622,513 


1,150,828 


66,155 


1,236,983 


314,400 


55,:M6 


— 


12,646 


188,008 


2,833,494 


1847 


64:5.568 


1,407,499 


105,315 


1,572.844 


883,200 


61.2:33 


— 


14,904 


289,893 


2,970,597 


1848 


680,193 


1.490,209 


162,6'25 


1,652.SIM 


484.267 


56.983 


2,000 


19..357 


2-37.271 


8,032,360 


1849 


800.987 


1,428,156 


174,757 


1,605,626 


454.240 


73,299 


25,000 


19,15.53 


258,080 


8,241.890 


1.850 


722.688 


1,500.047 


211.960 


1,712,007 


543,886 


62,809 


36,000 


19.921 


275.109 


3.371.420 


1851 


989,251 


1,863,277 


810,307 


2,173,584 


733,435 


00,000 


58,150 


23,939 


836,018 


4,389,476* 


1=53 





— 


— 


— 


— 


— 


— 


— 


■'— 


— 


1S58 


_ 


— 


— 


— 


— 


_ 


— 


— 


— 


— 


1864 


_ 


— 


— 


— 


— 


— 


— 


— 


— 


— 


lKi5 





— 


— 


— 


— 


— 


— 


— 


— 


— 


1856 


— 


— 


— 


— 


— 


— 


— 


— 


— 


— 


1857 


— 





— 


— 


— 


— 


— 





— ■ 


— 


1858 


_ ■ 


_ 


_ 


— 


— 


— 


_ 


— 


— 


— 


1859 


— 


— 


_ 


— 


— 


— 


— 


— 


— 


— 


1660 


— 


— 


— 


— 


— 


— 


— 


— 


— 


— 



' Incluiling 20,000 tooB from the [>HU}>liin mio 



PENNSYLVANIA. 



The western part of Pennsylvania is abundantly supplied with bituminous coal, as the eastern is with anthracite. It ia 
found in the rivers Conemaugh, Alleghany, and Monongahela, and in numerous placeson the west of the Alleghany 
ridge, which is generally its eastern boundary. It occurs on this mountain at a considerable elevation, and elsewhere in 
nearly a horizontal position, alternating with gray sandstone that is often micaceous, and bordered by jirgillaceous scliisL 
Tlie veins are generally narrow, rarely over six feet in width. This mineral is abundant, and of good quality, near IMiis- 
burg, where it is valuable for the extensive manufactures can-ied on in that place. Beds of bituminous coal are reported 
as occurring in Bedford County, in the North-west part of Luzerne, and in Bra'lford County. In the last-named cuiuiry, 
nine miles from the Susquehanna, there is an extensive bed of coal regarded as bituminous. It has been [n-nelrati'ti yil (wl 
without fathoming the depth of the strata. Bituminous coal occurs on the Tiuga, and on the Chemung, a branch of tliat 
river. It exists also on the numerous streams that descend the Western side of tlie extensive pc-nin^ula 5itu:iti.d Id-lwirn 
the north and west branches of the Susquehanna. The coal of Tioga is nothing inferior to the best Liverpncil ur 
Newcastle coal. 

According to the statistio^l tables of C. G. Childs, Pennsylvania contains an area of 46.ii00 square miles, of wIiIlIi 
upward of 15.000 square miles, or about one-third part of the State, is coal lands, principally Iwng nUnv or near ilie 
water level. England, Scotland, Wales, and Irelan<l combined, according to the best authority, contain only ll,iiuo i^quarc 
miles of coal in an area of 120,0ijt) square miles of territory. This coal, in many cases, lies from 90U to l.siiu iV-i-t l)cluw the 
surface of the ground, and is raised by machinery. In relation to the quantity of iron ore, nearly the same relaiive pro- 
portions exist between Great Britjiin and Pennsylvania. It will thus be seen that in these articles of tlie tirst necc.-sity, 
and indispensable to a state of civdization, Pennsylvania possesses three times as much as all Great Britain. If to the 
anthracite coal trade of the State the bituminous coal mines in its western part be added (,Mieved to exceed l,3o0,iJ00 
twns in 1S51), the total quantity would be about 6,300,000 tons, worth at tide water $3 40 per ton, and we have a total of 
TWENTY MILLIONS OF DOLLARS as thc valuc of llic coal trade of the State for the year 1S61. 

The annexed analysis of the different kinds of coal, analyzed under direction of the Navy DepartmenI, will be of value 
as determining their relative quaUty : 

De^cripliona. p.- „,, rnrhrt« Bituminous or Cihir feet Il's Meann per 

£itli7ni}lOll9 : t-arooB. volatile matter. evapnr;it..il per lioiir. cubi. Tt, ...| lohJ. 

Pittsburg 54.93 36.16 10.56 SS4 

Liverpool W.OO 39.96 13.4-3 375 

Pictou 60.T4 25.9T 16.45 41T 

Cannelton, Ind 5b.44 83.99 15.05 313 

Serifj-hituminwts : 

Blossburg 73.11 14.78 13 69 515 

Dauphin 74.24 13.S4 13.:55 472 

AnUbi-acite or non-bitmninous : 

Peach Orchard S9.02 2.96 14.04 545 

Lackawanna S7.74 -3.91 11.91 477 

Lehigh S9.15 5.2S 11.6;3 432 

Almost every county in the State contains deposits of iron in one or other of its multifarious forms. It exists in the 
greatest measure, and in its most valuable ore, in Ihc bituminous coal region, especially in the neighborhood of Pittsburg, 
where it has been wrought to an immense extent for a number of years past. Pennsylvania, indeed, is said to produce 
nearly one half of the whole iron manufactured in the United Slates. The State is also rich in many of the other useful 
metals. Extensive copper and lead formations have lately been discovered near the Schuylkill, some of the veins of which 
have already been profitably worked. The copper ore is said to bear a striking resemblance to that of Cornwall and 
Cuba. The average yield of 20,000 tons has been 20 per cent, of fine copper. The argentiiercus lead ore, which is also 
abounding, has been analyzed, and carries about 75 percent, of lead, and will yield of silver about $35 per ton. The 
Perkiomen mine, which is near the newly discovered veins, has been worked to the depth of 300 feet, and more than a 
quarter of a mile in length. Already (1S51) $64,000 have been received t^r ore, and about 400 tons more have been rained. 
This, with the new veins, gives evidence of a field of mineral wealth which promises to add to the fame of Pennsylvania , 
as the greatest mineral region in the world. Zinc is also a product of the State. Limestone, marbles, granites, etc., with 
a vast variety of other valuable building materials, alum, and other useful earths, etc., are distributed over the Slate 
in an unexampled profusion. Salt is chit-fly derived from the springs of the Kiskiminetas, Allegliany, and Beaver 
rivers. There are also in this Slate many mineral and saline springs, which have become the centres of summer recreation. 

Pennsylvania has a climate intermetiiate between the extremes of the northern and soulhern sections of the country. 
The south-eastern part, in which Philadelphia is situated, has a changeable atmosphere, and the annual extremes are 
great. Among the mountains and in the northern counties, it is more settled, but much colder, particularly in the winter 
season. To the west of the Alleghanies the we.ithcr is generally milder than to the eastward, owing principally to the 
prevalence of south-east winds. The annual moan temperatures of Pliiladelphia ami Pittsburg are almnsl similar, altlnuigh 
varied in distribution through the year, fn-m local causes. The temperature of I'hiladelphia during the year varies from 
9^0 to GO Fahr.. and at Pittsburg the extremes are 94° and lOO. The winters and summers are decideflly marked, but the 
spring is short, variable, and uncertain. The fall, however, is the pleasantest part of the year, and the weather in that 
se.tson, though sometimes interrupted by excessive heat, is serene and delightful. The State, u\\ the whoIe» is considered 
one of the mo^t salubrious on the continent, and life is of more than average duration. It is also highly favorable for 
agricultural pursuits. 

The great extent of limestone formation in Pennsylvania .assures to the soil fertility and pro<luctive strength, and though 
extending over so large a surface, it is, in the main, of excellent quality. The anihrante ngiun. however, which is com- 
posed chiefly of a rugged surface, is forbidding and sterile. Many of the m<^>untaiiisadmilof cultivation to their s\mimit«, 
and the valleys between them are often of a rich soil, suited to the various kinds of gr.-iss and grain. West of the 
mountains the soil is a deep mold, equal in fertility to the best lan'ls of America. To the east the soil ia also excellent, 
and everywhere is the State abundantly watered by fine streams and rills of living water. The natural growths vary with 
locality and elevation, but do not differ in their charact^i-r from those of other portions of the middle Atlantic region. 1 ho 
trees most comnmn in the forests are beech, hemlock, and sugar maple, the oak. hickory, and elm, chestnut, mulberry 
and locusL The wild plum and crab apple grow in abundance, and grape-vines are ommon. Every description of 

655 



PENNSYLVANIA. 



fruit and garden vegetable is cultivated. "Wild animals*, as the cougar, wolf, etc., still haunt the uncultivated parts, Irat 
most of these have been extirpated by the onward march of civilization. 
Pennsylvania ia divided into 63 counties, the general statistics of which, and the capitals of each, in 1S50, were as follows : 



Eabtebn Pennstlvania — 21 counties. 



Counties. 

Adams 

lierks 

Bucks 

Carbon 

Chester. 

Cumberland. 

Ciuphin 

Delaware . . . 

Franklin 

Lancaster 

Lebanon 



Dwell. 

4,3S6. 
12.9:n . 

3,7.57. 

2,644. 
11,5S0. 

6.021. 
. C,n33. 

I.IIS. 

6,690. 
17.1S3. 

4,452. 



Pop. 
25.981. 
17,129. 
66,091. 
15,686. 
C6,43S. 
84,827. 
86,754. 
24,679. 
89,904. 
9S,944. 
26,071. 



Farma 

in cult. 

.1,902.. 
.4,730.. 
.4,707.. 

. ue.. 

.4,335. 
.1,542. 
.1,956. 
.1,376., 
.2,247. 
.5,629, 
,1,449. 



Hnoiir. 
Kslab. 

124. 
1,2SG. 

636. , 

15S. 
,1,086. 
, 25S. 
. 2,53. 

299. 
. 4f«. 
.1,1-16, 
, 146. 



Capitals. 

.Gettysburg 

, Eeading 

.Doylestown 

.Mauch Chunk 

.Wcstoboster 

.Carlisle 

.Haep.isbueq 

. Cheater 

.Chambersburg 

.Lancaster 

, Lebanon 



Counties. 



Dwdll. 



Dwell. 



.22,551. 
. 6,052. 
. 4,564. 



Pop. 
,1.38,290. 
, 29.560. 

26,639. 
. 23,052, 
, 21,777. 

42,831. 

80,346. 
, 1T,773. 
, 23,365, 
, 23,565, 
, 12,6SG, 
, 11,207, 
. 17,710, 
, 87,849, 
, 8,631 
. 38,742, 
. 39.112 
. 7,567 
. 22,130 
, 24,786, 
. 27,170. 



Farms 
in cult. 
.8,729. 
.1,612, 
.1,341. 
,1.875 



.2,945. 
.1,039, 
,1,043, 
.1,726, 
.2,817. 
. 6-38, 
.1,179, 
.4,070, 
. 254, 
,8,834. 
,2,139, 
. 631. 
,1,789, 
.1,445, 
1,496, 



■Westekn Pesnsylv 

.1,290,, Pittsburg 
. 93,,KilIauing 

. 186,, Beaver 

. 117.. Bedford 

. 1.30..Holliday8b'g 

. 562..Towauda 

. 143.. Butler 

. 126..Eben8burg 

. 171..Bellefonto 

. 246.. Clarion 

. 122. Clearfield 

. 149..Lockhaven 

. 291. .Bloomsburg 

. 24S..Meadville 

. 50..Kidgeway 

. 2,55.. Erie 

. 282..TJniontown 

, 49..narrisonviIle 
95.. Waynesboro' 

. 193..nuntingdon 

. 75.. Indiana 



Lehigh 5,5S9. 

Monroe 2,155. 

Montgomery. 10,022. 
Northampton 6,836. 

Perry 8,412. 

Philadelphia 61,278. 

Pike 964, 

SehuylkiU,.. .10,071. 

Wayne 3,719. 

York 9,927. 

"A«LA — 42 counties. 

Counties. Dwell. 



Pop. 

, 82,479. 
. 13,270. 
. 63,291. 
. 40,235. 
20,033. 
,408,762. 
. 5,881. 
. 60,713. 
. 21,S90. 
. 67,450. 



Farms 
in cult. 
.2,074. 
. 904. 
,4,456, 
,2,102, 
.1,456, 
,1,530, 
. 370, 
,1,247, 
,1,336 
.3,734, 



Manuf. 

Estab. 
. 270.. 
. 76. 

. 697. 
. 424., 
. 232.. 
.4,589., 
. 40. 
. 954. 
. 200. 
. 538. 



Capitals, 

AUentown 

Ptroudsburg 

.Norri.stown 

Easlon 

jr. Bloomfleld 

Philadelphia 

Milford 

, Orwigsburg 

, Bethany 

.York 



Jefferson 

Juniata 

Lawrence 

Luzerne 

Lycoming 

Mercer 

Mifllin 

Montour 

M'Kean 

Northuraberl'd 

Potter 

Somerset 

Sullivan 

Susquehanna.. 

Tioga 

Union 

Venango. 

Warren 

Washington. . . 
Westmoreland. 
Wyoming 



2,253. 
2,168. 
8,637. 
9,687. 
4,586. 
5,403. 
2,.591. 
2,239. 

953. 
4,062. 
1,135. 
8,969. 

660. 
6,203. 
4,222. 
4,456. 
3,065. 
2,489. 
8,045. 
8.350. 
1,834. 



Pop. 
18,613. 
18,029. 
21,079. 
66,072. 
20,257, 
83,172, 
14,980. 
18;239. 
. 5,254, 
23,272. 

6,04S, 
24,416, 

8,694, 
28,688. 
28,987, 
26,083, 
18,310, 
13,671, 
44,939, 
61,726, 
10,655. 



Farms 
in cult, 

.1.670, 

. 832, 

,1,606. 

.1,936. 

,1,.561, 

,2,989, 

. 787. 

. 788, 

, 246, 

,1,743, 

. 663, 

,1,613, 

, 425. 

,8,909, 

,2,133. 

,1,697, 

,1,7,30, 

,1,207, 

.S,.572, 

,4,013, 

. 395 



Manuf, 

Estab, 

. 222, 

. 53. 

. 49. 

. 176. 

. 232. 

. 160. 



Capitals. 

Brookville 
MifHintown 
New Castle 
WilUesbarre 
Williarasport 
Mercer 
. 102. .Lewistown 
. 89.. Danville 
. 40..Smithport 
. 153. .Sunbury 
. 55..Coudersport 
. 88.. Somerset 
. 26..Laporte 
. 822..Montroso 
. 225. .Wellsborongh 
. 160.. New Berlin 

72.. Franklin 
. 216.. Warren 
. 247. .Washington 
. 686. .Grecnsbiu*g 
. 69..Tunkhannock 



Counties. 
Alleghany ... 
Armstrong.. 

Beaver 

Bedford 8,896, 

Blair 3,718, 

Briidford T,891. 

Butler 5,254, 

Cambria 2,893, 

Centre 8,9.36, 

Clarion 4,008, 

ClearBeld 2,157. 

Clinton 1,980. 

Columbia 2.924. 

Crawford 6,592. 

Elk 643. 

Eric 6,825. 

Fayette 6,697. 

Fulton 1,333. 

Green 8,777. 

Huntingdon .. 4,293. 
Indiana 4,644. 

The whole number of dwellings in the Slate was, at the above date, 386,216, of families 403,497, and of inhabitants 
2,311,786, viz., whites 1,180,066— males 589,294, and females 590,762 ; fr. col. 40,007— males 18,352, and females 21,665. Of 
tlje whole population there were d£^f and ditmh — wh. 986, fr. col. IS — total 1,004; blind — wh. 798, iV. col. 81 — total 829 ; 
imanc—vh. 1,842, fr. col. 49— total 1,891 ; and idiotic— vrh. 1,886, fr. col. 62— total 1,448, The number of free persons 
born in the United States was 2,014,019 ; the numlier of foreign birth, 294,871 ; and of birth unknown, 2,296. The nativo 
population originated as follows: Maine 1,167, N, llamp, 1,175, Verm, 4,5,32, Mass. 9,380, P., L 1,946, Conn. 9,266, N. 
• York 68,835, N. Jer. 29,117, Pennmjlmnia 1,844,672, Del. 12,562, Ind. 21,018, Diet, of Col. 767, Virg. 10,410, N. Car. 409, 
S. Car. 559, Ga. 176, Flor. 21, Ala. 87, Miss. 101, La. 187, Tex. 17, Ark. 10, Tenn. 168, Ky. 497, Ohio 7,729, Mich. 224, Ind. 
899, 111. 32.3, Mo. 220, la. 70, Wise. 45. Calif. 3, Territories 2 ; and the foreign jjopulation was composed of persons from — 
England 38,048, Ireland 161,723, Scotland 7,292, Wales 8,920, Germany 78,692, France 4,083, Spain 101, Portugal 81, 
Belgium 126, Holland 257, Turkey 2, Italy 173, Austria 49, Switzerland 914, Eussia 139, Denmark 97, Norway 27, Sweden 183, 
PruBsia 413, Greece 7, China 1, Asia 42, Africa 40, British America 2,500, Mexico 42, Central America 4, S. America 88, 
West Indies 666, Sandwich Islands 3, and other countries 861> 

The following table will show the decennial progress of the population since the first census of the State taken by the 
United States authorities : 

Colored Persons, Decennial Increase. 

Census Wliite ' ^ » Total / * . 

Years. I'ersons. Free. Slave. Tmal. Population. 

1790 424,099 6,537. 

1800 586,093 14,501 , 

1810 786,304 22,492. 

1820 1,017,094 32,1,53,. 



Slave, 

,3,787.. 

.1,706.. 

. 795.. 

. 211.. 

18.30 1,309,900 37,930 403.. 

1340 1,676,115 47,854 04.. 

1850 2,258,468 53,328 — . . 



Numerical. 



Per cent. 



Total. 

.10,274 434,378. 

..16,207 602,365 167,992 S3.T 

..23,237 810,091 207,726 .34.4 

.82,S64 1,049,453 239,867 29.5 



...SS,8.33.. 
...47,918.. 
...53,323.. 



....1,343.283. 
....1,724.083., 
....2,811,786. 



.298,775 2S.4 

.375,800 27.8 

.587,763 34.1 



The statistics of the productions, manufactures, general industry, and institutions of the State, according to the ccnsta 
of 1850 and other olficial returns referring to the same period, are as f )lloW8: 

Occitjfifd Lands^ ttc. — Improved farm lands, 8.628,619 acres, and attached hinds unimproved, 6,294,725 acres — together 
valued at if 407,876,099, Total number of farms in cultivation on the 1st June 1S,50, 127,577— in Eastern Pennsylvania 50,173, 
and in Western Pennsylvania, 77,399. Value of farmmg implements and machinery, $14,722,,541. 

Zii)6-j%i;*, rfc— Horses, 860,898 ; asses and mules, 2,259; milch cows, 582,224 ; working oxen, 61,627; ether cattle, 
656 



PENNSYLVANIA. 



662,105:" sheep. 1,S2'2.35T. an.l swine, 1.040,r>(j6. Airsrecrato value of live-stack, $41.5i'0,053. Compared wilh the stock 
'^ned in the Slate according to the census of 1S40, the loUowing results are obtained : 

Stntk. 1840. If<,iO. Movement. 

Horses I ore i on ua^A ( 85ii,3tiS head i 

Asses and M,.k-s f ^'''•'-'' "'"'^ 1 2:2m - \ *"'- 12,4T> head, or 3.4 per cenL 

Milch Cows 1 1 532.224 

*orkin»Oxen >-l,17-2,CC5 " i I>l,si7 " V >. dea: 1C,719 



. 1 ( 532.224 " ) 

, ) ( 562.195 " I 



OlherCalUe 

Sheep 1,7I!7.C20 " l.S-22,3oT " incr. 54.T37 " or 3.1 " 

Swiue 1,603.'JIU " 1,040,366 " deer. iSi,b9i " or 30.S " 

/"/■oc?arf.so/'.li(/»m?.«.— Wool, 4,481,570 pounds; Imtter, 89,878,413 pounds: .ind cheese, 2,i505,034 pounds. Value of 
animals slaui^lilercil during the year, $'^.219,843. The Quantity of wool reported in the census of 1.840 was 3.045,564 
pounds, and hence the iucreaso of production has been 31.9 per cent. ; and the clip per sheep has advanced from 1.72 in 
1S40 to 2.40 pounds in IS.^0, or at the rale of 43 per centum in the decade. 

Grain Crops.— The crops, according to tile returns of 1540 .and 1850 comparatively, are as follows : 

Crops. Ift40, IS.SO. Movement. 

■Wheat 12.213.077 bushels 15.307.691 busheb incr. 2.154.614 bushels, or 16.3 per cent. 

Eye 0.61.^.873 " 4.S>i5,160 " deer. 1,S0S.713 " or 27.3 ," 

Imliancorn 14.24o.o22 " 19,<;35.214 " iner. 5,59.M93 " or39.3 " 

Oats... 20,641.819 " 21,,i38.1S6 " -iner. 1,1!I3..595 " or 5.S " 

Barley 219.893 " 165.riS4 " deer. 44.309 " or 21.1 " 

Buckwheat 2,113,742 " 2,193,693 " iiwr. 79,950 " or 3.T " 

Ot!ier Food Crops. — Peas and beans, 55.231 bushels; potatoes — Irish, .5.930,732 bushels, and sweet, 52.172 bu.shels. 
The potato orop returned in the census of 1840 amounted to 9,535,663 bushels; and hence the decrease of production in 
the decade has been 3,-502,759 bushels, or in the ratio of 36.7 per centum. 

Miacellaneoits Crop^. — Tobacco, 912,651 pounds; hay^ 1,842,970 tons; clover-seed, 125,030 bushels; other gra^-seed, 
63,913 bushels ; hops, 22,088 pounds ; hemp — deW-rottcd, 282 tons, anil water-rotted, 2,006 tons ; flax, 525,079 pounds ; Bax- 
seed, 41.650 bushels; silk cocoons, 2S5 (in 1840, 7.2G2i) pounds; maple sugar, 2,326.525 pounds; molasses, 50.052 ttallous; 
brt-s-wax and honey, 838,509 pounds ; wine, 25,590 fialloiis, etc. Value of oreliard products, $723,389 ; and of market- 
garden products, $688,714. The more important of these several crops, compared with the like crops relumed by the 
census of 184t.>, exhibit the following results : 

Crops. IS^O. IfiSO. Movemeot. 

Tobacco 826,018 lbs 912.6,51 lbs itier. 687,633 lbs., or 130.8 per. cent. 

ITay 1,311,643 tons 1,842.970 tons i;icc. 631,327 tons, or 40:5 " 

Hops 49,481 lbs 22,088 lbs deer. 27,.393 lbs., or 65.3 " 

Hemp — dew-rolted j t 282 tons j 

" w.ater-rotted V 2,649} tons -j 2,006 tons w«'cr.292,6411bs., or 4.9 " 

Flax ) I 62.S"791b3 ) 

Maple sugar 2,265.755 lbs 2,326.525 lbs iner. 00.770 lbs., or 2.7 " 

TVine ! 14,328 gals 25,590 gals iner. 11,202 gals., or 78.6 " 

ITome-madc ManvfaeUtres were produced in the year to the value of $749,132. The saine manufactures, according to 
the census of 1840, were valued at $1,303,093. Decrease in value, $.5.53.901, or 42.5 per centum. 

it/rt«?//(/ci»re.9.— Aggregate capital invested, $00.000,000 ; cost of all raw material, fuel, etc., consumed. $00,000,000 ; 
average number of hands employed, 000,000— males 00,000, and fem.ales 00,000; montldy wages paid, $000,000— to 
males $000,000, and to females .$00,000 ; value of products for the year, $00,000,000. Total nnmbor of maiuilaeturing 
establishments producing to the annual value of $500 and upward, on the 1st -Tune, 18.50, 22,036— in the eastern district 
13.882. and in the western district -8,154. Of the total number of establishments 208 were cotlou factories, 330 woolen 
factories, and 631 iron-works, viz., 320 manufacturing castings, ISO pig iron, and 131 cast iron. The number of tanneries 
w.as 1,089. 

In the manufacture of eotfon the capital invested amounts to $4,528.925 ; material and fuel consumed $.3.152.5-30 ; pro- 
ducts of the year, 45.746,790 yards of sheeting, etc.. and 5,308,561 pounds of yam ; total value of products, $5,.322,262. 
Cotton used, 44,162 bales; coal consumcl, 24,189 tons; hands employed, 7.663 — males 3,504, and females 4,099; entire 
wages per monib, $104.29.8— to males $rv3.C42, and to females $40,050. The capital employed in 106 cotton factories in 
1840 was $3,325,400 ; hands employed, 6..522 ; value of articles manufactured, $.5,013,007. 

In the troo^eft manulaclures the capital invested amounts to $3,005.064 ; wool used. 7.560.379 pounds: coal consumed, 
10,777 tons; value of all raw material, fuel, etc., $3,282,718; hands employed, 6,720— males 3,490, and females 2,236; 
entire wages per month, $90,417— to males $67,138, and to feinales $23,279; products of the year, 10,099.234 yards of 
cloth, and 1,941,021 pounds of yam; value of entire products, $5,-321,806. Capital in 1840, $1,510,546; hands employed, 
2.9.30; value of products, $2,319,061. 

The capital invesie.l in tntmerim amounts to $3,.S40,31S; v.alue of all raw material, etc., used, $3,169.309 ; hands em- 
ployeil. 2,980 : monthly cost of labor, $54,801 ; skins tanned, 293,798, and siiies tanned, 1 .8.52,900 ; v.alue of products for the 
year, $5,275,492. In 1840 there were in the State 1,170 tanneries; hands, .3,445 ; and capital, $2,783,636; sides of sole 
leather tanned, 4 15.6.55. and of upper leather, 405.933. 

In the manufaclure of matt and spiritiMjis liquors, the investment amounts to $1,719,960: quantities and kinds of 
grain, etc., consumed— barley 550.105 bushels, corn 1,48:3.5.55 bushels, rye 517.180 bushels, oala 24,990 bushels, apples 
51,200 bushels, mola.sses 10 hogsheads, and hops 263 tons; hands eini^toyed. 911; quantities of liqiior produced — ale, 
etc.. 189.581 barrels, whisky and high wines 6.54S810 gallons, and ruui 1.500 galli.n.s. The cen.sns of 1840 relumed 
1.010 distilleries, producing 6.240.193 gallons of spirits : and 87 bn-w.-ries. producing 12.765.974 gallons of ale. etc. ; hands 
employed, 1.607 ; capital invested, $1,589,471. New York an-l * >liio produce more spirits, and New York alone more 
ale, etc., than Pennsylvania. 

43 C6T 



PENNSYLVANIA. 



The statistics of the iron inuimfucture are exhibited in the annexed table:* 



P.g Iron. 

8,570,425 . 
677,2S3 . 



Canting. VVrougltt Iron. 

3,422,9it 7,620,066 .. 



— 69.501 163,702. 

— S19 — . 

— — 20.405. 

. 816,060 49,228 825,967 . 

, 27..5»5,1S6 276.S55 3.989,998 . 

3,732,427 2,872.467 5,433,391 . 



S|.e>.-itif;ilioni. 

Capital invcsttd dollars . . 

Ore used ^>«« 

Pig Iron used " .... 

Old Metiil used " 

Blooms usfd " 

MiiuTal Coal consumed " .... 

Coke and Charcoal consumed husTteh-.. 

Value of all raw material, etc ^olf-ai-s . , 

Ilanda employed — male number. 

" " female " 

Monthly cost of labor — male dollars . . 

" ** " female " 

Metal produced trnw 

Taluc of all other proilueta dolUtrs.. 

Yalue of entire products " 

— about two-thirds of the aggregate capital is empltiyed in Eastern Pennsylvania, and one-third in 'Western Pennsylva- 
nia. In 1S4II there were in the State 213 establishments, manufacturing anraially 93.395 tons of oast-iron, and 1G9 
blonrae^ies, fiifges, and rolling mills, manufacturing 87,244 Ions of bar iron; total fuel consumed, 85o,9il3 tons; hands 
employed. 11.522, and capital invested in the manufacture, $7,TS1.471. The counties having the largest interest in the iron 
tra<ie in 1850 were Alleghany, Armstrong, Lancaster, Chester, Berks, Clarion, Columbia, Blair, Huntingdon, and Luzerne — 
in these ten counties more than one-half the invested capital is employed. Of the sixty- two counties of the State, forty-five 
cmtain irmi-works, and of the remaining seventeen, nine abound in iron and coal, so that only eight can be regarded as 
not suiteil to the manuiLOlure of iron. The following will exhibit the relation the iron manufacture of Pennsylvania holds 
to that of the whole Union : 

Pig Iron. Cast Iron. Wrouglil Iron. Total. 

Capital in Pennsylvania $8.570.425- $3,422.934 $7,620,066 $19,613,415 

'' " United States 17.346,425 17.416,361 14,-195,220 49,252.006 



9,285 4,7S2 . 

9 1 . 

201,039 181.744 . 

46 6 . 

285,702 57.510 . 

40.000 661.160*. 

6,071,513 5,354.881 . 



Total, 
.. 19,613,415 

S77,2S3 
233.203 
819 
20,405 
691.255 
,. 31.7-'2,039 
. 11,598,285 
20,S31 
17 
620,010 
li'5 
6-2e,013 
920.660 
3,902,907 20.829,301 



6,764 . 

7 . 

187,227 . 

53 . 

182,506 . 

219,600 . 



Proportion in Pennsj'lvania 49.4 p. c 19.6 p. c 52.6 p. c 39.8 p. c. 

Eaw material, fuel, etc., in Pennsylvania $3,732,427 $2,372,467 $5,488,391 $11,593,285 



in United States 7,005,289 



Proportion in Pennsylvania 53.3 p. c. 

Iron made in Pennsylvania — tons 285,702 



in United States 



564,755 



Proportion in Pennsylvania 55.6 p. c. . . 

yalue of total products in Pennsylvania $6,071,513 .. 

" " " in United Slates 12,748,777.. 



10,846.865 

22.9 p. c. 

67,810 
822.745 

17.9 p. c. 



$5.354,SS1 .... 
25.108.155 .... 



9.098,109 27,049,753 



42.8 p. 



66.6 p. c 

182,506 626,018 

278,044 1.165,544 



. . . . 65.9 p. c. 

.... $8,902,907 
.... 16.744,074 



45.1 p. c. 

$20,829,801 
54.601,006 



Proportion in Pennsylvania 47.6 p. c. 21.3 p. c 53.2 p. c 37.4 p. c. 

Besides the above manufactures, Pennsylvania has many others, which, though neither so extensive nor valuable, are 
very important in their bearing on the interests of the commonwealth. It is conspicuous for its manufacture of railroad 
machinery and carriages, its extensive cjibinet^ware manufactures, and numerous other crafts, which in the aggregate 
employ the vast capital indicated by the late census returns. As a manufacturinif State, indeed, it is only less important 
than New York and Massachusetts. Its great manufacturing centres are Philadelphia in the east and Pittsburg in the 
west, anil there are also extensive manufactures carried on in the towns on the Delaware and Susquehanna rivers, and 
others in the interior. If Pennsylvania is mentioned as the great prodi\cer of coal and iron, it is only because those inter- 
ests are paramount, and eclipse minor interests which in the aggregate are really as valujible and important. 



* The table given above is from the census of 1350. A fuller and more elaborate series of tabular statistics on the iron manu- 
facture of Pennsylvania is published in "Hunfs Merchants Ma^nzin(?^ for November, 1851, to which those interested in the sub- 
ject are directed. Tlie foUowiiiK is a compend of the article referred to, which, though ditferiug somewhat in its results from 
the census ascertainments, is nevertheless of great value : 

FUTINACF-S. 

Prod'ct 

in ltH9. 

Tons. 

....109.163.. 

.... 43.338.. 

.... 29.697.. 



DeBcript'n ofWks. 



Condit'n. 



Annual 

Cap' city. 

Tons. 

...221.400.. 



In. Out. 

•i f Anthracite St Blast .... 29 23. 

5 Charc'lSiHotBlast.... 81 36 101.475. 

^{ .. SiColdBlast.... ?r 33 69Ji24 

al - 

W I Total Eastern Dist .... 87.. 



Larcpst 
Prod'ct. 
Tons. 

...1:11.331. 

... 77.860. 

... 62.'ai 



Power Employed. 



Capital 



Invested. 



....392.399 lffi.201.. 



Men. Anim'Is. St'm. VVatr. S..VW.' 

.-4225 2126 12 12 1 $3i21.0O0 

■.4GSt 2499 6 63 9 2JW7.60O 

..3185 1830 4 64 2 2.356^00 

281.422.. ..12.104.. 



6435. 61 119 12 $a445.000 



fCharc'IStHotBlaat .... 10.. 
SiColdBlast .... 49.. 

RawBtm.Cl-SiH.B 3.. 

Coke Si Hot Blast.... -.- 



.. 8 29.230.... 

...35 ICH.liO... 

.. 4 12.1M0... 

.. 4 12.000... 



Total Western Dist. ....62 61 157.960.. 



16.609 1310 713 7 10 1 $611,000 

. 72.9M 6553 3520 28 46 11 2.S13.876 

7.81X1 515 220 6 - 1 223.000 

. — - 10.000 900 100 4 - - 800.000 

.67.834 107.383 8.078 4553 49 66 13 $4.447.876 



. 11.966.. 
. 50.968.. 
. 4.900.. 



fAntbracite St Blast . 
ri Charc'l h Hot Blast 
= ! .. StCold Blast 
^\ RawBtm.Cl.S;H.B. 
5 Coke t Hot Bbist 



... 29 23 S'Sl.tOO 109.163 1.51.331 42S 2128.. 

... 41 44 130.705 68.302 94.519 60O4 3212.- 

... 76 68 173.651 80.663 125.133 8538 6350.. 

... 3 4 12.600 4.900 7.SXI 513 220 - 

... - 4 12.000 10.000 900 100.. 



..42 12.. 

...12 63. 



... 6 -. 

... 4 -. 



. 1 $3,221,000 

.10 3.47S.500 

.13 6.170.376 

.. 1 223.0CO 

..- 800.000 



I 



Total 119 143 650.359 253.035.. 



8.805 20JS2....n.(Xl3 96 174 25 »12.S92.»76 



PENNSYLVANIA. 



Foreign. Otmitifirr*'. — Peimsylvani.i, in rej^ard to its n.r-.'iKti comiiHToe, li-iMs a P>iirlh rank atnnng the Stales of 
the Union. Ttie official relurn« exiiibit tile value of ttiis Itranctl of in^lu^try tn ha\ e be,-n f<.r ttie year en.iini; .30tb .Tune, 
ISSO.fS follows: ex|)"ns, .}45(ll.CiiO and imports, .tl2,0Gfi.l.54. Of tlio experts, $4,043,464 was llie value of domestic pro- 
ducts, and of tiiis ?.'?.4*2S.15o was that of nierelian<iise carried in American ami $tj2l.;il4 of merchandise carried in foreign 
vessels, and $452,142 Ilie value of foreign produce and mannfacttires. of wliich to the value of $oG.3,22.5 was carried in 
American and tS^.i'l" was carried in foreig:n vessels. Of the imports, .$11.1,79.5.402 was the value of those lirouirht in 
American and $1,270,692 llujse brought in foreign vessels. The shipping employed in the carrying trade consisted of 

Knl-rrJ. rit.^r...l. Tcl.il. 

N.-ili-.iia)itv ' ' ■ ^ . ■ . . ' , 

ofShippmg Ve-^^is. T.iti*. .Men. Vessels. 'lor... .Men. Ves-els. l.m- Men. 

American Sra Iil(l,rai9,. . . 4,0li6 300 Sl.'iVIl 3,32-2.,.. (JiU 1S1.2.S.5 7,328 



Foreign ls.5 32,8lil 1,696 170 . 



80.342 1,516 . 



62.703 . 



8,212 



Total 637 1.32,370 6,7lV2 479 111,018 4.S38 .... 1,016 .... 243,9S8 10,,'i40 

Philadelphia is the only district in which foreign commerce is carried on. Tn ISoO there were owned in that district 
46.3S5 tons of permanent registered shipping and 17.S20 tons of temporary registered shipping, of which latter class 
66 tons were navigated by steam. The distribution of the enrolled and licensed tonnage was as follows : 

KnrolleJ Rn.J I.iren'ed. 

* ■ , LtcenveJ iinjer Enr'il. and lip. ton. 

CoIterlKjii niotral.". Permmieiit. Temin.r.iry. ;0 tr.n* Navijiiteil hy *teain. 

Philadelphia on Delaware 136.577 2,.5Sl 3,l:i4 15.476 

rresfpie Isle.in Liike Krie 7,870 — — 6,3.51 

Fitttburg on Ohio Kiver 43,476 — 1,095 39,984 

—total tonnage in Philadelphia district 206.498 tons; in that of Presque Isle 7,S70 tons, and in that of Pittsburg 44,571 
tons — making f'r the State 257.9.39 tons. During the year ending as above there were built in the State 1S5 vessels 
(21.410 tons) : 166 (7 sliip.s, 1 brig. 34 schooners, 107 sloops and canal boats, and 17 steamers), of the burden of 18.150 Ions 
alPliiladel|)liia : 1 schooner <22 tons), at Presque Isle, and 18 vessels (4 schooners and 14 steamers— 3.238 tons), at Pittsburg. 
The statistics of the foreign commerce of the State from 1791 to the year 1S50, exhibit the following movements; 



Ye.ir. K\]>orts. 

1791 $3,4.30.093 .. 

1793 3,820.662 . . 

1793 C.9.5S.S30 . . 

1794 6,64:?,093 . . 

1795 11,518,260.. 

1796 17,513.866.. 

1797 11,446.291 .. 

1798 8,916 403.. 

1799 12,431.9117.. 

ISOO 11,949,079.. 

1801 17.438.193.. 

1803 12,077.475 . . 

1803 7,526.710.. 

1804 11,030.1.57 .. 

1805 13.702.2.52 . . 

I«"0 17..574.7(12 .. 

1^"7 16.804.744.. 

ISiis 4.013,330.. 

1809 9,049.241 .. 

1810 10,993..598 . . 



Imports. 



Ve»r. 


Expon.-). 


Imports. 


1811 . . . 


.. $9.660,117.. 


* 




1812... 


.. 5,97.3.7.50.. 




1SI8 . . . 


.. 3,577,117.. 




1814 






1815 . . . 


. . 4,693.919 . . 




1816 


.. 7.196.240.. 
.. 8.7.35,.592 . . 




1SI7 ... 




1818... 


.. 8.769.403.. 




1819 . . . 


.. 6,293.788.. 




1820 . . . 


.. 6.743.549.. 




1821 . . . . 


.. 7.391.767.. 


. 8.158.922 


1822 


. . 9.047.802 . . 


. 11.874.1T0 


1823 . . . . 


.. 9 017.192.. 


. 13.696,770 


1824 .... 


. . 9,364.,S93 . . 


. 11.865,.531 


1825 . . . . 


.. 11.269.981 .. 


. 15,041.797 


1820 .... 


.. 8,331.722.. 


. 1.3.6.51.779 


3S27.... 


. . 7.675.6H3 . . 


. 11.212.935 


1828 .... 


. . 6.051.480 . . 


. 12.SS1.40S 


1829... 


. . 4.089.9.35 . . 


. 10,100.1.52 


1830 . . . . 


.. 4.291,793.. 


. S,7tl2,122 



year. K.iport-^. 

1831 $6..513,713 . 

1832 8,616,066. 

1838 4.07S.961 . 

1834 2,031,803. 

1836 8.7;?9.276 . 

1836 .3.971 ..5.55 . 

1837 8,841..599 . 

18.38 3.477.151. 

1839 8.299.415. 

1.840 6,820,145. 

1841 6.1.52,501 . 

1842 3.770.727. 

1S4S 2.354.948 . 

1844 3..535.2.56 . 

1845 3,.574,363. 

1846 4.761.005. 

1847 8.644.391 . 

1S48 5.732,:!33. 

1849 5..343.421 . 

1850 4.601,606. 



Impf.rt.^. 

, $12,124,083 

. 10.67S..35S 

. 10,451,250 

. 10,479,263 

. 12,389,937 

. 15.068,233 

, 11,680,111 

. 9,360,781 

. 1.5,050,715 

8.404,882 

, 10.340.098 

. 7.835,868 

2.700,630 

7,217.207 

8.169.227 

7.989.396 

9.687.616 

12.147.584 

10.645,500 

12,066,154 



Interior Corammilcation. — Pennsylvania has numerous magnificent works of internal improvement, on which an 
immense commerce is conducted. The great line of raih-oad from Philadelphia to Pittsburg is one of the I'mgest and 
most expensive lines in the Union, forming a road 357 miles long; and another through line from Pliiladelptiia via 
Sunbury to Erie, on the lake of the same name, is in progress of construction, and, when finished, will no doubt form one 



District 
of State. 

Eastern .. 
Western . 

Z: Total.. 



CHAECOAL rOROES. 

No nf No. of vr„ „, Largest Product. ProiluctlSlS. 
WoVkl. >;•«« a°am' 

... 109 389 168. 

... 3 5 3., 



Tons. Tons. 

Blooms. Bar. Blooms. Bar. Men. 

.-32.737 6a» 24.319 3MIJ 3005.. 

(total380) 100 100 42-. 



Power Employed- 



Anim'lB. St'm. 

...1377 2... 

... 13 "... 



112.. 



District 
of State. 



Eastern . 
Western 



District 
of State. 



.384 m.. 

.. S -.. 

Furnices. 



39.997 24.449 4W(j 3107... 

rOP.GES OTHER THAN CHAKCOAL F0E0E3. 
410 — — 59..., 



KOLLINO MILLS. 



No. of 
Train 



No. of 
Nnil 



No. of 
Works. ,.,„,,f, g Heatins. RoTis! Ma'chinea. 

...66 .217 164 106 276.... 

... 23. 187 128 80 330.... 



.79... 



..4J1.. 



.292 1S6.. 



No. of 
Works. 



No- of 
Klres. 



No. of 
Hamrs, 



Larcest Prodnct, 
Product. 1819 
Tons. Tons. 

.. 91.598 M.738... 

. 72.132 63.610... 

.113,730 10B.3u8-... 



BLOO MARIES. 



Largest Product. 
Tons. 



Product 1819, 
Tons. 



Wt'r. 
,..104.. 
.. 3 . 



S.tW. 
.... 3... 



Capital 

Invested. 



..$2,012,300 
.. 14.000 



.1390 2 107 3.. 



Power Employed. 



Men. Anim'ls. Sl'm. Wt'r. S.&W. 

.3048 511 22 31... 3... 

.3010 610 22 !....-.... 



Capital 
Invested. 



.$ 3.128.700 
. 2,426.500 



.32 3 $o.5i>U00 



Power Employea. 



CapitaL 
Invested 



Men. Animals, ^^'ater. 

3» 97 40 6 S 28.700 

659 



PENNSYLVANIA. 



of the most profilable lines connecting the lakes with the sea-boiird. Other railroads connect Phiiadelpliia with Baltimore, 
and in the north-eastern portion of the Stale there are numerous short railroads connecting the coal mines with navigation, 
or passing into the Stale of New York, furnishing an outlet for its mineral wealth in tliat direction. Many oilier railroads 
are in progress or contemplated, all of which will connect with or Intersect the trunk lines already built or providefl for. 
The canals of this State are also magnificent works, and in their construction a great portion of the heavy debt of the 
State has been contracted. They follow generally the great valleys of the interior, and in their cturses accommodate an 
immense area of fertile and productive country. These are still incomplete, but every year is adding to their length and 
consequent value, nor can it be any long period before they will yield a revenue commensurate to the outlay that their 
construction has demanded. [See statistics of railroads and canals in AppendLx.] 

Banks, etc. — The number of banks in the Slate, in November, ISoU, was 4G. and 5 branch banks. The financial con- 
dition of these, at that period, was as follows: Liahilitim~~ca.\nia\, $17,701,200; circulation, $11,798,900; deposits, 
$17,6S9,212 ; due other banks, $5,811,157, and otber'liabilities, $03,015; and w^Arfs— loans and discounts, $38,423,374, 
real estate, $1,114,739 ; stocks, $1,417,073 ; due by/)tiier banks, $4,244,174 ; notes of other banks, $2,570,139 ; specie funds, 
$2,737,065, and specie, $4,337,594. 

Government, etc. — The first constitution of Pennsylvania was adopted in 1776, the second in 1790, and the present, 
which was amended in 1850, in 1S33. 

The right of suffrage is given to every white free man, 21 years old, resident in the State for one year, and in his 
election district for ten days before the election, and who has paid within two years a State or county lax, assessed at least 
ten days before the election, but while free men, between 21 and 22 years old, being citizens of the United States, need 
not have paid a tax ; and qualified voters, who are citizens of the United States, and who have removed from the State 
and returned, may vote after six months' residence. The general election is held on the second Tuesday of October 
annually. 

The legislature is composed of a TIouso of Eepresentatives and a Senate. Representatives, not less than GO, nor more 
than 100 in number (now 100), must have attained the age of 21 years, must have been citizens and inliabitants of tho 
State for the last three year^, and for the last year of the districts they represent, and are elected annually. Senators in 
number not less than one-fourth, nor more than one-third (now one-third) the number of representatives, are chosen 
for three years, one-third of their number annually. They must be at least 25 years of age. must have been citizens and 
inhabitants of the State for the four years preceding the election, and for Ihe last year of their districts. The General 
Assembly meets on the first Tuesday of January annually. The constitution provides that there shall be an enumeration 
of taxable inhabitants every seven years, to fix the number of Senators and Kepresentatives, and every county shall have 
at least one representative, but counties erected after 1S3S shall have none until entitled thereto by their population. No 
representative shall be appointed to any civil office created or increased in pay during his term. 

The govenior must have attained his 80th year of age, have been a citizen and inhabitant of the State for the last seven 
years, and holds office for tliree years, his term comniencing on the third Tuesday in January ensuing his election. He 
receives a fixed compensation, and is not eligible for more than six years out of every nine years. He may remit fines, 
antl grant pardons, except in cases of impeachment, and may vefo a bill of the legislature, but it may be passed into law 
by :i two-thirds vote of both houses, notwithstanding his objections. 

The administrative officers of the Slate are— the Secretary of Slate, who is eae^offioio Commissioner of Common Schools ; 
the Deputy Secretary of Stale, the Slate Treasurer, the Auditor-general, the Surveyor-general, the Deputy Surveyor- 
general, the Adjutant-general, and the three Canal Commissioners. 

The judiciary Vs vested in a Supreme Court, Courts of Conuuon Pleas, District Courts of the city and comity of Phila- 
delphia, and of the county of Alleghany, County or Probate Courts, and other local courts. By the amended constitution 
all judges are now elected by the people. The judges of the supreme court are chosen at large, and for a term of fifteen 
years. The judge having the shortest term to serve is chief justice. The resident judges of the seveial courts of common 
pleas an<l other courts of record, and all other judges retiuired to be learned in the law, are elected by the electors of the 
districts over which they are to preside, and for a term of ten years. The associate judges of the common pleas hold their 
offices for five years. All judges hold office for their respective terms during good behavior, but for reasonable cause, 
though not sufficient grounds for impeachment, the governor may remove them upon the address of two-thirds of each 
branch of the Legislature. Any vacancy is filled by appointment of the governor, the incumbent holding oIEce until the 
first Monday in December succeeding the next subsequent general election. During the continuance in office, the judges 
of the supreme court must reside within the commonwealth, and the other judges in the district or county for which they 
were elected. The supreme court is composed of a chief and four associate justices, and the attorney-general, and has a 
reporter of supreme court decisions, and a prothonotary for each of the four districts into which the Slide is divided. 
The district court of the city and county of Philadelphia consists of a president and two associate judges, and that of AUe- 
gliany County of a president and one associate. Tor the sessions of the courts of common pleas, the State was formerly 
divided into 21 districts, but m IS50 the number was increased to 24 districts, each of which (except the first, comprising 
the county of Philadelphia, which has also two associate judges) has a president judge. The district courts are invested 
with the civil jurisdiction of the comnion pleas in their respective districts in all cases exceeding a certain sum. 

Fedei^al Representation. — In accordance with the law of 23d May,,lS50, Pennsylvania is entitled to twenty-JlveTe^rQ- 
eentatives in the Congress of the United Slates. 

The militia force of llie Slate consists of 276.070 men of all arms, of which 7,51S are commissioned officers, and 268,552 
non-commissioned officers, musicians, artificers, and privates. Of the commissioned officers, 55 are general officers, 164 
general staff officers, 1,245 field, etc., officers, and 6,054 company officers. The governor is ex-nfficio commander-in-chief 
of the military force of the State ; and every white male citizen between the ages of IS and 45 is liable to militarj' duly. 

Public Finances.— 'YUe debt of the Slate, funded and unfunded, on the 1st December, 1850, amounted to $40,775,485 42, 
composed as fcdlows: funded debt — G i)er cent, stocks, $2,312,022 51 ; 5 per cent stocks, $37.350fS92; and 4| per cent 
stocks, $200,000 ; making a total funded debt of $39,062,914 7S ; and unfunded r/e&^-reIief notes in circulation. $652,104 ; 
interest certificates outstanding, $162,135 90, and unclaimed, $4.44?5 8S ; interest on unclaimed and outstanding certificates, 
to be ndde<l to them when funded, $10,504 57 ; domestic creditors. $83,317 79— make the total unfunded debt. $012,570 64. 
The commissioners of the sinking fund, at the date specified, held $45''. 122 93, which, to ascertain the exact liiibilities of 
the State, must be deducted from the aggregate, which would leave it $40,316,362 44. The regular annurd interest on 
loans amounts to $2,004,714 51, and the mlerest guaranteed on internal improvement companies' assumed debts to $33,500, 
making the total annual interest paid by the State amount to $2,037,214 51. 
660 



PENNSYLVANIA. 



Tbe asset.s ot the State consist of its canals and railmails. wliiL-li had cost $20,204,787 o5 ; slncks of inporpnralt-d com- 
paniL-3 amounting to $1,!)(I7.94S 52— tntjil ^:U. 113,735 So, ami »k|i..si[s (unavailable) in Ihe BanU of Uie rnildl States, 
$2S;?,00n. Tilt.' financial rnnilition of the railroads and canals owned by ih-' State for tlic year ending on tbe 30Ib Novem 
ber, 1350, is exhibiled hi tlio Ibllowing details : 



Workfl, Grns<( Revenue. Expenses. 

Eailroads— Columbia $6:J8.447 56. . . .$310,334 30 

AlleyUany Portage . 241.817 45..-.. 247.n4^1 17 
Canals—Main Line 479.446 39 161.000 77 



Canals — Susquflianna Division i 

" Xorih Branch 

" West Branch I 



a Revenue. Eivpenses. 



$193,150 19. 



Delaware Division 215,347 87 60,S^-i4 22 j Expenses uf Canal Commissioners 



?7G.304 64 



53.000 00 



—making a gross revenue of $1,768,209 46, and an expenditure amounlinir t-i ^862.528 00. Net rovenno, ?9n5.681 46. 

The value of real andpersonal property liable to taxation under tlie triennial assessment of 1S48, was $403,031,453 ; and 
(he tax assessed in 1850, $l,54o,956_44. The true value of real and personal properly in ISoO, according Ui the census of 
that year, was $722,480,120. 

The revenue and disbursements of the Treasury for the fiscal year were as follows : r&veit (/('—receipts during the year, 
$4,438,131 51; balance from 1849, $926,207 24— making a total means of $5,364,333 75; ami disbursements— payments 
during the year, $4,567,053 94; depreciated funds in treasury (unavailable), $41,032 00: surplus available funds, $754,252 SI. 
The princijial sources of revenue, and the chief objects of expenditure, were as follows; sources of reven/ic — lands, 
$16,373 53; auction commissions, $18,673,75; auction duties. $44,898 22; tax on bank dividends, $153,377 14; lax on cor- 
poration stocks, $136,510 14; tax on real and personal estate. $1,317,821 55; tavern licenses, $107,427 49 ; retailers' licenses, 
$171,062 26; peddlers' licenses, $2,525 05; brokers' licenses, $10,228 73; theatre, circus, and menagerie licenses, $2,384 50; 
distillery and brewery licenses, $4,203 91; billiard room, bowling saloon, and ten-pin alley licenses, $3,045 81 ; eating- 
house, beer-house, and restaurant licenses, $6,530 97; patent medicine licenses, $2,633 04; pamphlet laws, $345 53; 
militia lines, $12,953 73 ; foreign insurance agencies, $2,760 S3 ; tax on wrils, wills, deeds, etc., $45,409 47 ; tax on certaia 
offices. $14,047 2! : collateral inheritance tax, $102,295 07; canal and railroad tolls. $1,71S.S4S 10: canal fines, sales of old 
m.ttJ'rials. etc., $6,9.53 64; tax on enrollment of laws. $10,270 00; premiums on charters. $80,262 21; tax on loans, 
$119,356 SO; loans, $270,000 00; interest on loans. $13,721 27; dividends on turnpike and bridge stocks, $2,460 00; sales 
of turnpike stwks. $13,685 44; accrued interest, $3,678 32 ; refunded cash, $13,273 61 ; fees of the public offices, $3,687 20; 
Pennsytvania Slate Lunatic Hospital, $177 00; miscellaneous, $1,740 -33; and—ohjectt of erpen'ifture: public imprm'e- 
ments, $1,483,799 74; expenses of government, $262,899 71; militia expenses, $16,282 25 •, pensions and gratuities, 
$17,277 91; charitable institutions, $62,207 35; common schools, $213,728 49; commissioners of the sinking fund, 
$318,864 03; loans, $8,150 19: interest on loans. $2,004,714 51; guaranteed interest, $32,500 OO; domestic creditors, 
$6,337 41 ; damages on the public works, $23,063 34 ; special commissioners, $2,554 03 ; Stale Library, $1,000 00 ; public 
buildings and groun^te. $2,003 73; eastern reservoir of the Pennsylvania Canal, $1,947 00; weigh-lock at Beach Haven, 
$163 00; use of patent rights. $3,000 00; penitentiaries. $19,283 79; House of Refuge, $6.00(» 00; conveying fugitives, 
$100 OO; Nicholson lands, $192 75; amendments to the Constitution, $2,500 00; escheats, $1,740 53; abatement of Stat© 
tax, $43,525 04; re-issuing relief notes, $10,940 00 ; counsel fees and cornmi.s^ions, $5,984 15 ; raiseeftaneuus, $S,1S0 44. 

The following exhibits the condition of the treasury at the end of each of the named fiscal years : 



KCOME. 
Years. Bai from Inst year. Annual Receipts. Tolnl Revenue. 

1845 $663 851 SS $3,010,062 34 $3,673,914 22 

1S46 884.886 09 3,529.057 23 3.913,94;3 37 

1847 384,678 70 3,977.025 89 4,361,704 59 

1843 680,890 85 3,831.776 22 4,512 667 07 

1S49 557.299 39 4,4:13.688 65 5,010.979 04 

1S50 926,207 24 4,438,13151 5,364,333 75 



DISBURSEMENTS. 



Year?. Inlere-st tm Loan: 



1845 . 

1846 . 

1847 . 
1843 . 
1849 . 
1S50. 



.$1,784,182 65. 
. 1,'.!81,623 77. 
. 2,003.240 41. 
. 2.005,740 79. 



Pub, ImprnvementB, Total E:ipend, 



.$661,340 66.. 
694.505 12.. 
690,575 95.. 
996.592 70.. 



2,047.616 99 951.249 03. 



.$3,239,028 13 
3,529,264 67 

3,680,813 74 
3,935.376 6S 

4.IM.771 SO 



2,004,714 51 1,4>8,799 74 4,569,053 94 



£'(7?wa^"ort.— ""Wisdom and VTtue are qualities which, because they descenil not with worldly inheritances, must be 
carefully propagated by a virtuous education of youlh." Such was the sentiment of the illustrious founder of this State ; 
but although the principle of universal education was thus authoritatively recognized at the earliest period of her history, 
no system of popular instruction in the commonwealth was attempted, nor common school fund established, until the 2d 
April, 1S31. By a legislative act of that date, certain moneys, arising from ihe sale of lands and other sources, were set 
apart as a common school fund, at an interest of 5 per cent., and this interest was directed to be added to the principal, 
until the proceeds should amount to $H)t(.(H)0 annually. By a subseiiuent act (1st April. 1834). Ihe State was divided into 
distrtcis, and $75,000 was ordered to be paid out of the school fund, for the year 1835, and ammally thereafter, to be dis- 
tributed among the sever.al counties tliat should comply with the provisions of the said act, until the year when the fund 
should yield an interest of $100,000. Provision was also made by this law tor levying a tax on the districts 7iut li-.ss than 
douhlo. the amount of the appropriation. On the 13th June, 1?36, au act was passed, appropriating $200,000 for the year 
1S37, and aiirnnilly thereafter, to be apportioned among the several school districts and the city and county of Philadel- 
phia, and authorizing the levying of a tax not I^ss thtin etjuyd to nor -more than treble the amount of each district's por- 
tion of ihp Suit*? appropriation. Byresolntinn of 3'1 April, 18;37, $500,000 w.as appropriated to the common school fund for 
the year 1S33, "to be applied by the several districts either for building, repairing, or purchiusing school houses, or for 
education, as they might deem best." On the 12th April, 1^38, the approi)riation was increased to a sum equnl to one 
dolUir for every taxable inhabitant in the State, to be increasiMl trientiially. with tlio increase of such inhabitants, but with- 
out any increase of taxation above that authorized by (he act of l-"36. Various act;*, resolutions, and supplements wore 
subsequently passed, not. however, materially changiuir any imporlant features of the law regulating the system, until, by 
the act of 11th April. 1S48. it was made to embrace e\ery counly in the commonwealth. Provision was also mside liy this 
act for the payment to those districts from which the undrawn appropriaiious were taken by the act of 29th April, 1S44, 
of the oju-fourth of the State tax levied in such districts, to be applied exclusively to the erection of school houses therein. 
On the 7lh April, 1349, an act was passed, revising and cotisolidatiiig all former acts relating to common schools, and 
effecting many valuable improvements in the system, and greatly simplifying the law. Since, and i^icluding the year 
1844, the annual appropriation by the State, for the supp.)rt of schools, has been $200,000. Such is the history of the 

601 



PENNSYLVANIA. 



enactments of the legislature, creatine and proviiiing ii fund as the basis of the whole system of common schools, 
following exhibit affords a condtnsed view of the operations of the system for the year ending 1st June, 1850 : 

"Whole number of districts 1,3ST 

1.273 

8,510 



Number paid during the year 

Whole numb(_'r of schools 

Number yet required 674 

Average numbt-r of months taught 5.1 

Number of male teachers 6.^72 

Number of female teachers .' S,9:J5 

Average mnmhly salaries — males $1T 20 

Average monthly salaries — females $10 15 

Number of male scholars 233.392 

Number of female scholars 190,952 



Number learning German 11,041 

Average number of scholars in each school 40 

Cost of teaching each scholar, per month $1 44 

Amount of tax levied $763,422 

State appropriations distributed $1 .■=•9.367 

Total lunds raised ^927,789 

Cost of instruction $609,377 

Fuel and contingencies $63,329 

Cost of school-houses, purchasing, renting, build- 
ing, and repairing $253,741 

Total funds expended $926,447 



The following table exhibits the progress of the system in its main features, since its establishment in 1834 : 





Whole 


DUtritts 


Di. ■. 




Whole 


Whole 


Wliole So, 


Apportion't 


Tax levSeil 


Eip'J flit 


Exp'd for 


Tear. 




•coepl- 




reporl'a. 








to accepiing 




Scrliool- 


in-itructiwn. 




Disl'n. 


11,5. 








Sclinlara. 


Districu, 


Districts. 


houjses. 


fuel, etc. 


1885 


9I1T 


636 


_ 


156 


762 


SOS 


82,5U 


$ - 


$ - 


» - 


$ - 


1836 


987 


745 


603 


573 


3,8S4 


3,394 


189.004 


98.670 


207,105 


111,808 


19-5,972 


183- 


1,001 


796 


765 


664 


4,089 


4,841 


l'i2,355 


463,749 


231,.552 


202,330 


493,071 


1S38 


1,0(IS 


861 


820 


623 


3.939 


5,084 


174,733 


828,794 


336,788 


149,133 


560,450 


1889 


1,050 


879 


857 


633 


3,152 


4,666 


1S1.913 


376,S36 


382,527 


]61,.334 


579,163 


1840 


1,050 


879 


867 


683 


3,152 


4,666 


181,913 


364,536 


395,918 


101,334 


580,203 


1841 


1,07-2 


903 


8S5 


734 


5,179 


6,086 


227,699 


249,400 


897,952 


123,004 


934,343 


1S42 


1,113 


905 


905 


861 


6.116 


7,494 


381.085 


250,065 


89S.766 


119,006 


439,872 


1843 


1,189 


945 


945 


865 


6.156 


7,594 


288.762 


373,720 


419,3117 


93,749 


484,454 


1S44 


1.173 


939 


939 


846 


5.993 


7.585 


2SS.4'I2 


264,520 


891,340 


75.913 


470.323 


1845 


1,189 


1,013 


1,018 


961 


6.690 


8.031 


327,413 


192.SI3 


870,744 


77,173 


375,983 


184S 


1,346 


1.067 


1,056 


994 


7.096 


8,468 


329.805 


186,417 


406.740 


60,960 


486,475 


1847 


1.349 


1,105 


1,054 


1,048 


7,320 


8,074 


831,967 


187,369 


486,727 


60,410 


487.201 


1848 


1,3.30 


1,330 


1,129 


1,078 


7.845 


9,096 


860.605 


193,035 


501,681 


96,639 


505.505 


1849 


1,-344 


— 


1,318 


1,194 


8,287 


10,050 


385,175 


183,833 


583,187 


140,144 


603,980 


1S6I) 


1,837 


— 


1,273 


— 


8.510 


10.907 


424,844- 


186.763 


768,423 


263,741 


609,377 



The number of the schools in the several counties, in 1850. was as follows : Adams 127, Alleghany 280, Armstrong 123, 
Beaver 111. Bcdfiird-195, Berks 214, Blair 101, Bradford 312, Buclis 139, Butler 163, Cambria 1(13, Carlion 45, Centre 136, 
Chester 365. Clarion 119, Clearlleld 83. Clinton 50, Columbia 171- Crawford 298, Cumberland 153, Dauphin 151, Delaware 
69, Elk 25, Erie 371, Fayette 164, Franklin 173, Greene 118, Iluntinsrclon lOS, Indiana 164, .JelTerson S3, .luniatn 63, Lan- 
caster -345, Lawrence — , Lebanon 138, Lehigh 128, Luzerne 352, Lycominj 146. M'Ke.an 51, Mercer 197, Milllin 64, 
Monroe 76, Montgomery 147, Northampton 14:3. Sorlhumberland 91, Perry 115, Pike 37, PotU-r 65, Schuylkill 133, Somerset 
144. Susquehanna 216. Sullivan 81, Tioga 173, Union 141, Venango 144, Warren 130, Washington 320, Wayne 130, West- 
morel.and 2n2, Wyoming 56. York 19.3. 

The city and county of Philadelphia constitutes the first school district, but is not subject to the general school law. 
The direction of the schools is committed by law to 233 directors and 24 controllers, one each of the eleven sections into 
which the district is divided Iieing governed by a separate board of directors, ail being under the supervision of the Board 
of Controllers. Public sch^jols were fii-st establislied in the city in 1313. The whole number of schools in 1851 was 270, 
namely, the Central High Scliool. the Normal School, 53 grammar schools, 84 secondary schools, 143 primary schools, and 
89 unclassified; number of teachers, 781 — 82 males, and 699 females; number of scholars, 48,056 — males 24,508, and 
females 23.543. Besides these, there were 141 teachers in the evening schools. The sum expended during the year had 
been $366,363, of which only $33,-306 was distributed from the State appropriation, the balance having been raised by 
taxation. 

The principal universitiea and colleges, medical schools, theological seminaries, law schools, etc., in the Slate, and the 
statistics of each in 1350, were as follows : 

Name- Locstinn. Fniindeil. Professnrs. Students. Ahimni, Vols, in I-ib'y. 

University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia 1755 7 

Dickinson College Carlisle 1738 8 

Jefferson College Cannnsburg 1802 8 

Washington College Washington '- - 1806 S 

Allegh.any College Meadville 1817 7 

Pennsylvania College Gettysburg 13-33 7 

Lafayette College .". Easton 1833 7 

Marshall Mercersburg 1S.85 6 

Theological Seminary (Lutheran) Gettysburg 1835 2 

Theological Seminary (Germ. lU-f),,. Mercersburg 1825 2 

Western Theolog. Seminary (Prcsb.).. Alleg Town 1828 2 

Theological School (Assoc.) Csnonsburg 1792 2 

Western Theol. School (Cong. Unit.) . Meadville 1844 4 

Theological Seminary ( Asso Itef.) . . . Pittsburg 1838 8 

Theolog. Seminary (Eef. Prcsb.) Philadelphia — S' 

Law Depart. Dickinson College Carlisle — 1 

Medical DeparL University Penn Philadelphia 1765 -7 



83 .... 


....6,142 .... 


.... 5.000 


179 .... 


.... 673.... 


. . . . 14,100 


197 .... 


....1,000 .... 


....10,000 


187 .... 


.... 441 .... 


.... 3,300 


106 .... 


.... 144.... 


.... 8.300 


65 .... 


.... 163.... 


.... 6,000 


82 


.... 101 .... 


.... 5.000 


58 .... 


.... 166.... 


.... 6,000 


26.... 


.... 227.... 


.... 9.000 


18 .... 


.... 121.... 


.... 6..000 


43 ... . 


.... 262.... 


.... 6.000 


83 .... 


.... 147.... 


.... 2.000 


40 .... 


.... 9.... 


.... S.OOO 


85.... 


.... 85.... 


.... 1,500 


13...- 

9---- 

450 .... 


— — 


.... — 


....5,816 .... 






PENNSYLVANIA. 



Jefferson MedicaJ College 

Mcdiriil Dfparr. Penn. CoUege . 

College of Medicine 

Ilomceopalhie Medical College . 

Female Medical College 

College of riiarmaey 



Loratinn, 

, Philadelphia . 



'oundeJ. 

. IS'24 . . 
. 1^3%. . 
. lS4r . . 
, IS-IG .. 

, 1S49 .. 
, 1822 . . 



. 514 . 
. ITS . 



, 10 , 

, T , 
, 4 . 



, 2,U3G . 
. 250 . 



Besides the schools and colleges above en anu- rated, there are numerous academies, public and private, in every part of 
the StJite. scienlifie institutions, and socielies fiumded lor tlie encourageniont of literature and the arts. Girard <_'< 'liege, in 
Philadelphia, is a school for the education of orphans, and in its several departments highly eflicient. Church sfh'U'ls are 
also numerous, and many of them in a highly prosperous c<>ndiiion. Pennsylvania, within the past ten or twelve years, 
indeed, has made great and wondertul progress in its educational facilities, and now stands deservedly in the foremost 
rank among States which make e<iucation a primary necessity in their economy. 

Public Lihraries. — According to the Report of the Librarian of the Smithsonian Insti'.ute, there were in the State, ia 
1S51, the following libraries: one State library, 10,01(0 volumes ; IG social, 125,355 volumes ; 10 college, 37.ST5 volumes; 
12 students', 29,^0 volumes ; 7 academic and professional, 3S.300 volumes; 5 scientific and historical, 35,478 volumes ; 29 
public school, 8.131 volumes ; total— ^0 libraries, and 2S7,5l9 volumes. 

Periodical Press. — The whole number of periodicals published in the State of Pennsylvania on tlie 1st June, ISSO, was 
82S, and of these 96 were whig, 110 democratic, and 207 neutral in politics ; the latter class embraces thoso dev<fted to 
literature, religion, science, etc.. and those the character of which was not ascertained. Of the aggregate number, 25 
Wire published daily, circulating at each issue 152i076 copies, or 49,120,543 annually; 3 tri-weekly, 50n, or 7S,000 
annually ; 1 semi-weekly, 6'i0, or 62.400 nnnually ; 275 weelvly. 520,642, or 27,3S',3S4 annually ; S semi-monthly, 130,800 
or 3,139.200 annually; 12 monthly. 159,700, or 1.916,400 animally; and 2 quarterly, 1.900, or 7,600 annually; total copies 
at each issue, 972.213, or 79,792,532 copies annually. The counties in which published are as follows: in Adams, 3 w. 
and 1 q. ; Alleghany (Pittsburg, etc.). 13 d., 2 t.-w., 20 w., 1 s.-m., and 2 m. ; Armstrong ami Beaver, each 2 w. ; Bedford, 
3 w. ; Berks, 9 w. ; Blair, 4 w. ; Bradford, 3 w. : Bucks, 7 w. ; Butler, Cambria, and Centre, each 3 w. ; Carbon, 2 w. ; 
Chester, 5 w. ; Clarion and Clinton, each 2 w. ; Clearfield, 1 w. ; Cidumbia, 3 w. ; Crawford and Cumberland, each 5 w. ; 
Dauphin. 1 d., 7 w. ; Delaware, 3 w. ; Elk, 1 w. ; Erie, 1 t.-w., 4 w. ; Fayette, 10 w. ; Franklin, 7 w. ; Fulton, 1 w. ; 
Greene, 2 w. ; Huntingdon, 2 w. ; Indiana, 3 w.; Jefferson and Juniata, each 2 w. ; Lancaster, 10 w.. 1 m. ; Lawrence, 
2 w. ; Lebanon, 5 w. ; Lehigh, 5 w.. 1 s.-m. ; Lucerne, 2 w. ; Lycoming, 4 w. ; M'Kean, 1 w. ; Mercer, 4 w. ; Mifflin and 
Monroe, each 2 w. ; Montgomery, 6 w. ; Montour, 2 w. ; Northampton. 3 w. ; Northumberland, 4 w. ; Perry, 2 w. ; Phil- 
adelphia, 11 d., 1 8.-W., 33 w., 5 s.-m., 8 m.. 1 q., 1 an. ; Pike, 1 w. ; Potter, 2 w. ; Schuylkill, 9 w.. 1 m. ; Somerset, 2 w. ; 
Susquehanna, 2 w. ; Tioga, 4 w. ; Union, 7 w., 1 m. ; Venango, 2 w. ; Warren, 3 w. ; Washington, 4 w. ; Wayne, 2 w. ; 
Wyoming, 2 w. ; Westmoreland, 4 w. ; York, 7 weekly. 

RHigious lJe}iominatiofis,—Tho statistics of the several religious denominations in the State in 1S50, were as stated in. 
the table annexed : 



DeMomiria No of 


Clion-I, 


Value of 


Dennmina. No. cif 


Cloir.-U 


V»lu<. of 


Dennmina- No, of 


Clionli 


Viiliirof 


lions. Cliurtlipa 




Pr..perts. 


tions. Clmnli^s. m.i ooi. 


Properly. 


lions. Cliuoliea. 


accni 


rroprrly. 


Baptist SIT. 


12T.30S.. 


$806,395 


GermnRef. 203. 


104,262. 


$639,210 


E. Catholic. 139.. 


89.251 . 


$1,084,204 


Christmn... 19. 


6.41)0.. 


24,4il0 


Jewish 7. 


3,175. 


46,700 


Swedenh'? .. 3.. 


1,475. 


11,000 


Coiigrpa.ifl. 9. 


S.IOO.. 


17,250 


Lutheran... 495. 


2,59,602. 


1,633,356 


Tunkor 14.. 


6,1(10. 


11,700 


Dutch Eel.. 7. 


6.G40.. 


79,500 


Mennonite. S6. 


28,S70. 


82,400 


Union SO.. 


2^,300. 


78,326 


Episcopal.. 135. 


67.324.. 


1,*8:3.700 


Methodist.. 678. 


339,026. 


1,715.658 


Unitarian... 4.. 


1,630. 


28,000 


Free 22.. 


6.400.. 


15.0.-.0 


Moravian.. 84. 


32,715. 


221,350 


Universalist. 19.. 


8.920. 


82,800 


Friends.... 141.. 


60,974.. 


661,7S7' 


Presbyter'n. 755. 


357,4il . 


2,674,700 


Minor Sects, 92.. 


32,560. 


264,700 



—making a total of o,5''Q churches, having acconiraodation for 1,566,413 persons, and valued at $11,551,335. This State 
comprises the Protestant Episcopal diocese of Penns\lvania, and the Roman Catholic dioceses of Pittsburg and Philadel- 
phia, in the latter of which are also included West New Jersey and the State of Delaware. 

Pauperism. — The whole number of paupers that received assistance or support during the year ending 1st June, 1S50, 
was 11,551, of which number 5,898 were native-bora, 5.653 foreigners ; and the whole number of paupers on the lists at 
the dale specified was 3,811, of which 2,654 were native-born, and 1.107 foreigners. Annual cost of sLi]>port, $233,133. 

JIU-toHcid tS/rtiicA,.— Pennsylvania is the only State of the Union which bears and transmits to future ages the name of 
a private individual. William Penn, the illustrious founder of Pennsylvania, a name given to the infant colony by 
Charles IL, was the son of Admiral Penn, who in the year 1655 acquired distinction as a commander in the conquest of 
Jamaica, and in the war with the Dutch. At an early period of life. Penn bad joined the Quakers, who began about that 
period to attract public attention, and it seems to have been llie intolerantxi niandested toward the sect that first turned 
bis mind toward America. He and some others purchased a large (juantity of land in New Jersey, but becoming dissat- 
isfied, he formed the design of acquiring a separate estate. The crown was indebted to his father's executors in the 
Bum of about .£16,000, and as an acquittance for this,a large tract was granted to him in severalty. His charter conveyed 
to him all that tract of country bounded on tlie east by the river Delaware, extending westward five degrees, an*! north 
and souih helwcen the 40th and 42d parallels, except an area around New Castle, circumscribed by a radius of 13 miles. 
From w.ant of suflleient attention to former charters, this grant interf'-red both with that of Maryland on the south, and 
■with the claims of Connecticut on the east, and hence arose contentions which disturbed the repose of the ooloniea for a 
century afterward. 

In May, IGSl , the proprietary sent over Markham, with a few others, to take possession of the territory, and in July he 
sold 20.000 acres to a company of merchants, at the rate nf £20 the thousand acres, entering into arti(-les of agreement 
■with them, entitled ''Conditions and Concessions." In tlie following year, Penn published his " Frame of Government,** 
by which the supreme power was to be vested in a governor and general ns.sembly, consisting at first in the whole body 
of the people, and aflt-rward in a House of*KepresenlJilives. A provincial council was established, consisting of 72 per- 
sons, to be chosen by the fre<'men. The governor, possessed of tliree vote's, presided in this council, wliieh prt>pared and 
digested all laws, leaving to the people the entire riirht of rejecting or afllirming. This constitution was after a while laid 
aside, and another, resembhng those established in the other provinces, was adopted. In October, 1682, 1'onn. accompa- 



PENNSYLVANIA. 



nieil by iiboiit 2.()(in soIIKt-', arrived at Nlw CiwUe, on Ihe Debwaro. lie had previously a((niirt-d from Ihe Duke of 
Turk a nijivt^yaiicc nl the land at present included in lliu SUiIe of Delaware. His first step on landing -was to convoke 
an assembly, whieh was held at Uplaml (now called •hester), in December, 1652. In a short session of three days, a 
constitution modifyirig that drawn up by Penn in England was adapted, and se,vcral important laws pi.ssed. Among 
other. provisions, that gre.tt principle, to an aJberance to which the province owed much of its prosperity, was adopted, 
that " none aclinowledgina one God, and livine: peaceably in society, should be molested for his opinions or practice, or 
compelled to freqik-nt or maintain any ministry whatsoever." Another principle of Pcnn's sy.stem, equally novel and 
praiseworthy, regarded the treatment of Uic Indians. Soon after his arrival, he summoned tliem to a council, and treat- 
ing with them on an amicable and equal footing, an men and brethren ; obtained from them, in return fur valuable pres- 
ents, a cession of as mueh land as his exigencies required. The same course was pursued in his subsequent inlercourso 
with them, and it was seen with surprise by mankind tliat kindness and good faith were as useful assistants as the sword 
in the affairs of a colony. No one of the colonies made such ra]>id advances In prosperity as Pennsylvania. The salu- 
brity of the climate, and the general fniitfulnesa of the soil, had sumc influence, but th^ moral attractions predominated. 
The persecutions at home drove thousands to a place where religious worship was free, and the prospect of enjoying equal 
rights in civil matters, attracted from the continent of Kurope a vast number of industrious and moral emigrants. 

The city of I'hiladetpliia was founded at an early period after the arrival of the first settlers, and the second assembly of 
the colony was held at this place, in April. 1683. Among other important laws adopted by this assembly was one abrogating 
the common law of England respecting descents, and distributing Ihe estates of persons dying intestate among the children, 
giving to the eldest son, however, a double share. The Revolution in England produced some change in the government 
of PeimsUvania, l^enn. being suspected of being disafl'ecled toward the House of Orange, was suspended from the privi- 
lege of appointing a deputy for his province; and in IG92 Pennsylvania was annexed to New York and subjected to tho 
administration of the governor of that province. Two years after, however,' the proprietary was reinstated, and ap- 
pointed a new governor. Notwithstanding the pacific disposition of the governor and people, and the general concordanco 
of tJieir opinions. Pennsylvania proved to be no Utopia for the worthy proprietary. Bickerings about the constitution or 
the laws, or tlie manner of disposing of tlie hmds, almost constantly existed. The charter h.id twice been altered, but tho 
colonists were still discontented. A third charter was given them in 1701, which provided that the assembly should consist 
of deputies from eacti county, and that it should have the right to originate, amend, or reject all bills; that Ihe governor 
should nominate his own council, exercise the whole executive power, and have a negative on the proceedings of the 
assembly.. The delegates from Pennsylvani?. assented to this constitution, but tliose from " the Three Lower Counties on 
the Delaware," as they were called, refused to adopt il, and seceded from the assembly. From this perio<i the Three 
Counties liad a distinct assembly, thnugh they were subject to the same governor as Pennsylvania. The constitution thus 
adopted continued in force until the Kevolulion. Peim died in 1T18, at the age of T-t years. Since his founding the Slate 
that immorlatizes his name, his life had been a unifnrm scene of vexation and disquiet. His private fortune had materially 
Buffered by his advances to promote the infant cnluny, and at one time he was compelled to submit to a temporary depri- 
vation of liberty. He left, however, to his descendants an inheritance of great value, wliich they enjoyed until the 
overthrow of the British power, when the Commonwealth became the prtsses.-ior, and, as an indemnification, granted them 
an ample sum of money. From the death of Pcnn the history of the colony is little more Ihan a narrative of petty quar- 
rels between the proprietary governors and the assembly. The chief subject of dispute arose from the lands of the pro- 
prietary, which it was wished to exempt from taxation, to which other lands were liable. The asseml)ly resisted the 
exemption, and this disagreement frequently prevented the passage of necessary laws. In 1749, an imporlaiit treaty was 
made with the Indians of the Six Nations at Philadelphia, in which, for goods of considerable value, they granted U) the 
proprietary all the lands on the Susquehanna, south :is far as the I>oundary of Pennsylvania, and north to Ihe Kiltalinny 
Hills, or Blue Mountain. The whole Indian title to lands within the State was subsequently merged. A large portion 
of the inhaliitants of Pennsylvania were Quakers, but nolwithst^mding their peaceful inclinations, the colony opposed 
•with as mueh zeal as her sister colonies, the arbitrary measures of the British, government which led to tlie Revolution. 
The first congress of deputies from the Slates, and most of the subsequent sessions of the same assembly, were held in 
Philadelphia, and it w.as at Ihe same place that the Declaration of Independence was adoi>ted and proclaimed. During 
a considerable part of the war the State was the theatre of hostilitiea. On the Declaration of Independence the pro- 
prietary government was abrogated, and the people, by their representatives, formed a new constitution. The form of 
government adopted at this period was found, after the peace, to be liable to serious objections. Two parties then arose, 
the republicans and the constitutionalists — the former, desiring a constitution in which the legislative power should be 
exercised by two branches and the executive invested in a single person, finally triumphed, and in 1790, a constitution, 
similar to that of the United States, was adopted. In 1794, an insurrection broke out in four of tlie western counties, in 
Opposition to the law of the United States imposing a tax on spirits. From this, called the "Whisky Insurreelion," 
seriovis consequences were at first threatened, but by a happy union of firmness and lenity on the part of President 
Washington, the revolt was quelled. In Northampton County, in 1797. some deluded persons attempted to resist the 
process of the marshal, but the power of the laws again triumphed. In 1799, the public offices and Ihe sittings of the 
legislature, which, from the settlement of the colony, hail been held at Philadelphia, were removed to Lancaster, and in 
1812 thev were transferred from Lancaster to Harrisburg, the present capital. From this period no conspicuoois event 
of history has transpired. The State, indeed, has gone through many finaneial difficulties, and for a time even her con- 
dition was considereil as a blot on the honor of the nation. Tlie fair name of Ihe State, however, has been redeemed, 
and Ihe d>;bt, which circumstances forced licr to suspend, is now Iiqui«iated, interest having been rcgidarly jiaid for many 
years, and the principal is being reduced by the operation of a sinking fund. The day of her degradation indeed is 
passed, and she now looms up among that glorious galaxy of stales which circumscribes her boundaries, as one of the 
most glorious and honored. 

nAKKiSBURG, on the left bank of the Susquehanna, is the political capital of the State. 



Pennvflle, p. v.. Jay co., I7id. : 68 m. N. E. Indianapolis. 

Penn Yan, p. v., and cap. Yates co., K Y. : on the out- 
let, 1 m. from the fnot of Crooked lake, IGl m. W. Albany. 
It contains a court-house, jail, cU-rk's ofhce. an academy, 2 
banks, several large warehouses and flouring-mills, numer- 
ous manufactories of castUigs, mechanical and agricultural 
6&1 



imj)lemenls, furniture, etc., and 2,500 inhabitants. The 
"Penn Van Democrat" and "Yates County "Whig" are 
published weeWy. The outlet descends 27u feet before 
reaebing Seneca lake, and furnishes immense water-power. 
Crooked Lake Canal, S m. long, follows the outlet, and con- 
nects the v., through Seneoa lake, with the Erie CauaL 



PEN 



PEO 



Steamers ply S. lo the head of Cmuki-d hike, and the Ca- 
nnndaigua ami Elniira R. K, pa.«scs through the v., 2-i m. 
S. E. of t_!iniiudaigua, 43 ra. N. W. of Khiiira. 

Penny's I-"eekv, p. o., Hc-nry cu., ///. ; uu Kock r., 12:3 m. 
N. N. W. Sprinsitield. 

Penobscot county, ^^^•. Siluate E. centrally, and con- 
tains 2.700 s«q. ni. lu the northern part it is <irained by 
heatl hranehts of Aroostcok r. and E. bram-h of Penobscot 
r., and in the S. liy Penobseot and its aftlaeiils, Mattawam- 
keag, Sehec. and Kenduskcag rivers. Surface unduhuiiig, 
and in the N. raoimtarnous ; soil in general fertile, and pro- 
duces good crops of wheal, corn, and potatoes. It is well 
woodt-d, and has good pasturage for cattle. Agriculture is 
tlie ieaiiiiig pur?uit. Farms 3.9S3 ; manuf. 407 : dwell. 1(1,374, 
and pop.— wh. 6o,<'26. fr. col. 63— total GS.i'SO. Capital: 
Bangor. Public W'orls : Bangor and Oldtown 11. E. ; 
Kennebec and Penobscot li. E. ; European and North 
American li. 11. 

■ PicNOE^uoT, t and p. v., Hancock co., Jfe.: at the head 
of Penobscot bay, on the E. side, 56 m. E. by N. Augusta. 
A large pond lies in ihe N. E. pari. It has a fertile soil, 
good water-power, facilities for navigation, and abun<lance 
of Timber. Pop. of t. 1,556. 

Penobscot bay. J/'. .'iJicar the middle of the coast bound- 
ary, setting up X. from the Atlantic Ocean aliout 27 m., re- 
ceiving Penobscot r. at ils N. exircmity, called Belfa->t bay. 
The breadth of il-s mouth, from Owl's Head on the W. to 
Burnt Coat Island on the E., is about 80 m. It contains a 
number of large islands, the prmcipal of which are Deer, 
Ilaut, Long, and Fox islands, besides many smaller. It has 
many good harl«»rs, and its waters conblin many varieties of 
excelh'ut fish. Its scenery is exceedingly beautiful, and on 
its borders are large and flourishing towns. 

Pbnobscot river. Jfe, : this imporianl river is the largest 
in the Stale. It is furmed from two main branches, of which 
the largest rises in the W. part of the Slate near the Canada 
line, and flows by irregular course E. and S., and through 
the large lakes, Chcsuncook and Pemadumcook, to its junc- 
tion with the E. branch. After the junction it flows in a 
S. E. course until it receives Mattawamkeag r. from the 
N. E., which is its principal tributary on the E. si'le; then 
S. S. W. until it receives tlie Piscaiaquis, its chief "W. tribu- 
tary; then S. by W. to its entrance into Penobscot bay. 
From its source lo the ocean is about 275 m. It is navi- 
gable for vessels of large size to Bangor, 50 m. from the 
ocean, and for boats to a considerable distance above Ihai. 
Its upper portions have many falls and rapids furnishing 
excellent mill-sites. The tide rises high at Bangor, caused 
by the return of the Gulf stream and the wedge-like form 
of the bay. Above Bangor are numerous islands owned by 
the Penobscot Indians, who occupy the principal one — 
Oldtown. 

Pesodscot, U. S. collection district, Me. Castine is the 
port of entry. Total tonnage on 30th June, 1850, 36,950 tons ; 
of which 5,713 tons were registered, and 31,237 enrolled and 
licensed. Of registered tonnage, 5,122 tons were permanent, 
and 591 lous temporary. The enrolled and licensed ton- 
nage consisted of 30,531 Ions permanently enrolled; of 
which 15,059 tons were in the coasting trade, 11,462 tons in 
cod fish.ry. and 4,010 in the mackerel fishery, besides 706 
tons •■■ licensed under 20 tons" employed in (he cod fl.shery. 
During the year ending June 30, 1S50, the number of clear- 
ances for foreign countries was 19— 3,441 tons; total of en- 
trances. 14 — 4.14U Ions. Vessels built during the year, 2 
ships, 3 brigs, 14 schooners; total 19- 2,S35 ions. 

pENoiJ., p. o., Sumter county, Ala, : 122 m. W. by N. 
Montgomery. 

Pessacola, p. city, port of entry, and cap. Escambia co., 
Floi\: on Pensacola hay, lit m. fn)m the Gulf of Mexico, 
176 m.W. TallaluLssce. Lat. 3'jO 24' N., lung. 87° 10' 12" ^V. 
The harbor is deep and affords good anchorage, but near 
the city is shallow, and lu-iice a long wharf has been extend- 
ed into the bay. The city is bullion a sandy plain, 40 or 50 



feet above the level of the water, and is regularly laid out 
with wide streets crossing at right angles, having also two 
hirge public s<iu;ires. It contains a couri-house, custom- 
house, market, and "2 churches. Two newspapi-rs are is- 
sued, *• P. Gazette" (whig), weekly, and "Florida Demo- 
crat," semi-weekly. This is Ihe principal port and cily in 
Florida, and has considerable trade. On yoih June, 1S50, 
the total tonnage of its district was 1,794 tons, ol which 
1.221 tons Were rcgislered and permanent, and 573 tons en- 
rolled and licensed ; 49C toTis permanently, and 77 tons li- 
censed under 20 tons. The latter was entirely employed 
in Ihe coasting trade. During the year previous the total 
of clearances for foreign pons was 7 — 1."^33 tons; total of 
entrances, do., 2,337 tons — all of which ^9) were American 
vessels. Vessels built during the year, 2 schooners — SO tons. 
The project of a railroad to Montgomery, Ala., has long 
been agitated. Pop. about 2,164. 

About 6 m. below the city, and 5 m. from Ihe entrance of 
the harbor, is the U. S. Navy Yard, covering nearly SO 
acres of ground, inclosed by a high brick wall. It contains 
houses for the officers, store-houses, boat-houses, etc., all of 
which are Duiltof brick and tastefully arranged. Here is also 
a dry dock capable of receiving the largest vessels. Outside 
of the yard are about 25 cottages and a Catholic church. 
A mile and a half below the navy jard are Barrancas Bar- 
racks and the Xaval Hospital. At the entrance of th<> har- 
bor are forts Pickens and M'Ree, on Foster's and St. Rosa's 
islands, and on the latter island is a light-house. See Light- 

U0USE3. " 

Pensacola, p. v., Leake co., Mi-^n. : 41 m. N. E. Jackson. 

Pensacola bay, Flor. : sets up from the Gulf of Mexico 
in the N. W. part of Florida. It is of irregular furm, con- 
sisting of three parts. The "W. arm, Ciilled Escambia bay, 
is about 11 m. long and 4 m. broad, and receives Escambia 
r. from the N. The N. E. arm is called Yellow Water bay, 
is about the size of Escambia bay, and receives Yellow 
Water r. ; its more N. part is called Black Water bay, and 
receives Black Water r. and other creeks. The S. part of 
the bay, extending E. 7 m., is called East bay; it is entirely 
sheltered from the winds and odraita the largest frigates, 
lis entrance is about three quarters of a mile wide, and la 
well df f. nded. There is a depth of 22 feet of water on tho 
bar at low tide. 

Penteess, p. 0., Monongalia co., Virg. : 209 m. N. W. 
Pachmond. 

Peola Mills, p. o., Madison county, Virg.: 76 m. N.W. 
Richmond. 

Peoli, p. 0., Tuscarawas county, Ohio: SI ra. E. N. E, 
Columbus. 

Peouia county, III. Situate N. W. centrally, and con- 
tains 64S sq. va. Drained by Spoon r. and Copperas and 
Kickapoo creeks, tributaries of Illinois r, which forms its 
eastern boundary. Surface rolling: soQ fertile, consisting 
principally of a deep mold, with clay intermixed. Chief 
productions wheat and Indian corn. A large quantity of 
pork is exported, and it has some good timber-land. Farms 
1,191; manuf. 134; dwell. 3,036, and pop.— wh. 17.461, fr. 
col. S6 — total 17,547. Oijntal: Peoria. Public Works: 
Peoria and 0<iuawka P. K. 

Peokia. p. v., and cap. Peoria co., lU. : on the right bank 
of Illinois r., at the foot ofl'coria lake, 61 m. N. Springfield, 
It is 193 m. above the mouth of the Illinois, and occupies 
two terraces— the first a quarter of a mile broad and from 
6 to 12 feet above high water ; the second 6 or S feet higher, 
and extending back ti» the bluffs, which are about SO feet 
high. It is the shipping port for a large amount of grain 
and otlur products of the fertile region on every side of it, 
with which it has an extensive trade. It has also valuable 
manufactures, which are receiving increased attention. It 
cont;iin8 a court-house, jail, an iii,corpo rated academy, a 
bank, about 50 stores an<l warehouses, several slcam-miUs 
and factories, and 5,562 inhahitants. Two weekly papers 
are published, the "P. Democratic Prtss'' and the "P. Re- 

C66 



PEO 



PER 



publican" (whig). The »' P. Mollo," a religious and stulis- 
tical journ:iU is issued senii-quarttTly. A nilroad will pass 
through it from Blooniington, on the Illinois Central 1^ 11., 
to some point on lUc Mississippi. 

I'EoitiA, p. o., Wyonnng co., jV. Y.: 229 ra. W. Albany. 

rEoRiA. p. v., Franklin county, Jnd.: 58 m. E. S. E. 
ludiimupolts. 

Peukia lake, IlL: is an expansion of Illinois r. between 
Peoria and Woodford 'counties, comniL-neing at CliillicoUie, 
and extending 20 m. to Peoria. In some parts it is 4 m. 
wide, but at the "■Narrows,'" 5 ra. above Peoria, it is con- 
tracted to the usual width of the river, antl then again 
■widens. The watL-r is clear, with gravelly bi'tlJ>m, has a 
Blow current, and abounds wilh varii)us kimis offish. Most 
of the E. shore is low and swampy, but on the W. side are 
high bluffs. 

Pkoriaville, p. v., Peoria co., Jll. : 65 m. N. Springfield. 

Pepacton, p. v., Delaware co., 2*^. Y. : on Pcpaelon r., 
69 m. S. W. by W. Albany. 

Pepin lake: is an expansion of 'he Mississippi r., between 
"Wisconsin and Minnesota, about 24 m. long, terminating at 
mouth of Chippewa r.. from 2 to 4 m. wide. Its shores are 
for the most part high precipitous rocks, of which the 
" Maiden's Rock" is 50U feet high. 

pEPPKr.ELL, L, p. v., and sta., Middlesex co., Mass. : on 
the N. linu of the Slate and W. side of Nashua r., 35 m. 
N. W. by W. Boston. Drained by a branch of the Nashua, 
■which supplies mill-sites. Surface uneven, exxept on the 
streams; soil fertile. Manufacturing of various kinds are 
curried on. The Petcrboro' and Shirley K. K. passes on the 
S. and the Worcester and Nashua R. K. on the E. border. 
The sta. is 9 m. S. W. of Nashua on the latter. The v. con- 
tains an academy. Pop. of t. 1,754. 

Pepper's Ferry, p. o., Pulaski co., Virg. ; on New r., 
172 m. W. by S. Ilichmond. 

Pequannock creek, Ji. Jer. : rises in Wayawanda and 
Wallkill mountains, Susse.x connty, flows S. E. and S., an<l 
enters Passaic r. Below Pomptou v. it is called PomploR r. 
Its current is rapid, affording good water-power. 

Pequot, p. v., Calumetco., Wise: on the E. side of Win- 
nebago lake, S4 m. N. E. Madison. 

Peucu River, p. o., Jefferson county, N. Y.: 142 m. 
N. W. by W. Albany. 

Percy's Ckeek, p. o., Wilkinson co., Miss, : 95 m. S. W. 
Jackson. 

pERuino river and bay, Ala. and Flor. : the boundary 
line between these States, about 40 m. long. The bay is 
shallow and its entrance obstructed by sandbars. 

Pekix's Mills, p. v., Clermont co., Mw ; on the E. branch 
of Little Miami r., S3 m. S. W. Columbus. 

Perkins' Grove, p. c, Bureau co.. III. : 124 m. N. by E. 
Springfield. 

Pekkinsvili-e, p. v., Madison co., Ind.: on the W. fork 
■of White r., 2S m. N. N. E. Indianapolis. ■ 

Perkin^ville, p. v., Burke co., N. Car. : on Wilson's or., 
a N. tributary of Catawba r., 166 m. W. by N. Raleigh. 

Pekkinbville, p. v., Goochland county, Virg.: 83 ra. 
W. N. W. liichmond. 

pERKiNsviLLE, p. V., Windsof CO., Verm.: on Black r., 
64 m. S. by E. Mnnlpelier. It contains an academy and 
8ever;il mauufacl(tries. 

Perkiomen river, Penn. : rises in,S. E. corner of Lehigh 
county, flows S. through Montgomery county, and enters 
Schuylkill r., 6 m. W. Norristown. It affords good water- 
power, as also its tributaries. 

Perkiomen Beidge, p. 0., Montgomery co., Perm. : 74 m, 
E. Harrisburg. 

Perote, p. o., Ashland connty, Ohio : 68 m. N. N. E. 
Columbus. 

Pkr^uimans county, K. Car. Situate N. E., and con- 
tains 172 sq. m. Draini'd by Perquimans and Lrttle rivers, 
both of which discharge their waters into Albemarle Smmd 
in the S. Surface low and level; soil fertile where capable 
666 



of cultivation, and very productive. SU'iples, cotinn, wheat, 
and Indian corn. Farms 5 '5; mamif. 21 : dwell. 81S, and 
pop.— wh. 3,629, fr. col. 450, si. 3,25:i— total 7,:iai. Capital: 
Ileriford. 

Perrint:, p. o., Mercer county, Penn. : 1S5 m. W. N. W. 
Harrisburg. 

Pekkixeville, p. v., Monmouth co., N. Jer. : 17 m. E. 
Trentcm. 

Pereinton, t. and p. c, Monroe county, N". Y. : 1S2 m. 
W. by N. Albany. Drained by Irondi-quoit cr. Surface 
slightly uneven ; soil fertile, and very productive of wheat, 
the growing of which is the leading business. The Roch- 
ester and Syracuse (direct) R. K. and the Erie Canal cross 
the town ; on the latter is the village of Fairport, 17 m. E. 
Rochester. Pop. 2,&91. 

Perry county, Ala. Situate W. centrally, and contains 
934 sq. m. Catawba r., a tributary of Alabama r.. passes 
thriiugh it centrally, by which and its branches it is drained, 
and also by branches of Black Warrior r. Surface varied,; 
soil fertile and well adapted to cotton, which it produces in 
large quantities, and which forms the chief article of com- 
merce; it also produces good crops of wheat and Indian 
com. It has some good timber-land, and fine pasturage 
for cattle. Farms I,0l36 ; manuf. 21 ; dwell. 1M2, and pop. 
— wh. S,S42, fr. col. 26, si. 13.917— total 32.2S5. Capital .• 
Marion. Public Worlds: Selma and Tennessee River 
Railroad. 

Perry county, -4 r^*. Situate centrally, and contains 534 
sq. ra. Drained by La Fave r., tiibutary of Arkansas r., 
which forms its N. E. and N. boundary. Surface undulat- 
ing ; soil fertile, and well adapted to grain. Timber is found 
on the land, and it contains flne coal beds. Farms 75; 
raanaf. 2 ; dwell. 154, and pop.— wh. 957, fr. col. 6, si. 15 — 
total 97S. Capital : Perry ville. 

Perry county, Jll. Situate toward the S., and contains 432 
sq. m. Drained by S.t. Mary's r. and by Big Beauconp and 
Little Muddy creeks. Surface even; soil fertile, and adapt- 
ed to corn. About one-third of the land is prairie. Farms 
63S; manuf. 7; dwell. 967, and pop.— wh. 5.267, fr. col. 11 
—total 5,273. Capital : PickneyvUle. Public Worka : Il- 
linois Central E. E. 

Perry county, /;j^. Situate S., and contains 3S7 sq. m. 
Drained by Deer, Oil, and Anderson's creeks, which flow 
into the Ohio r., the boundary of the county on the South. 
Surface in general hilly ami broken, but along the Ohio and 
Anderson are some level tracts; soil moderately fertile. 
Chief productions wheat, Indian com, and tobacco. Tim- 
ber is fomid on the land of excellent quality. Farms 540 ; 
manuf. 14; dwell. 1.231, and pop.— wh. 7,259, fr. col. 9— 
total 7,2CS. Capital: Troy. 

Perry county. Ay. Situate S. E., and conbiins 815 sq. m. 
Drained by North and Middle forks of Kentucky r. Sur- 
face uneven, and diversified wilh fertile hills and valleys; 
soil productive, and there is much fine grazing land in the 
county. Wheat and Indian com are produced. It is bound- 
ed on the N. by Laurel Mountain. Farms 896 ; manuf. ; 
dwell. 471. and pop.— wh. 2,972, fr. col. 8, si. 117— total 8,092 
Capital: Perry. 

Perry county. Miss. Situate S. toward the E., and con- 
tains 1,0S0 sq. m. Drained by Bl.ick and Leaf creeks and 
their brancbe.«, all tributaries of Pascagoula r. Surface 
slightly broken; soil indifferent, and is thick'y covered wilh 
pine limber. There is flne pasture for cattle, etc. Chief 
productions rice and cotton. Farms 181 ; manuf : dwell. 
205, and pop.— wh. 1,679, fr. col. 10, si. 749— total 2,43S. 
Capital : Augusta. 

Perry county, Penn. Situate S. centrally, and contains 
574 sq. m. Susquehanna r. forms its E. boundary, and by 
its principal tributary, Juniata r. and other streams, it is 
drained. Surface much broken and mountainous; soil a 
fine deep vegetable mold, and very fertile. Chief produc- 
tions wheat, Indian com, and potatoes. It has some good 
ooal beds, and contains a medicinal spring which discharges 



PER 



PER 



warm water an<i is useful in many disorders. Farms 1,45C ; 
ni:uiuf. 232: dwell. 3,412, and pop.— wli. 19,953, fr. ool. 135 
— l(i(:ii 20,nSS. OtpiUtl: New liloninfleld. Puhlic ^\>rks: 
Pennsylvania K. K. and Pennsylvania Canal. 

Pei:i!Y cunty, }to. Situate toward the S. E., and con- 
tains 452 f-q. ni. Dr.iiiied by several smail streams, affluents 
of the Mississippi, and wiiich in their course suppty-goitd 
■watcr-priwer. Surfiire varied, risin* toward tlie E.. ami 
terminating in high land on the Mississippi: soil fertile and 
very productive. Minerals abound, and there are some 
goiid coal beds. It contains some fine timhcr-land. Farms 
7J3; nianuf. 35; dwell. 1,111, and pop.— wb. 6,395, fr. col. 
26, si. 794— total 7.215. Capital : Perryville. 

Pebkt county, Ohio. Situate toward the S. E.. ami con- 
tains 414 sq. m. Pr.iincd by affluents of Muskinj^um and 
Ilocking rivers. Surface billy and broken; soil fertile. 
Chief ]»rotJucti"US wheat, Indian com, and tobacco. Pine 
and I'lher timber is found on the land. Farms 1,314; manuf. 
25; dwell. 3..'iS7, and pop.— wh. 20.746, fr. col. 29— total 
20,775. CapiUd: Somerset. PuUic Works: Scioto and 
Iloekin^ Valley K. U. ; Cincinnati, "Wilmington and Zanes- 
^■ilIe II. K. 

Perry county, TWm. Situate S. "W. centrally, and con- 
tains S70sq. m. Drained by Tennessee r. and its branches, 
the principal' bcincr Huffalo r. Surface level; sojl fertile. 
Chief productions wheat. Indian corn, and tobacco. Farms 
453; uianuf. 4; dwell. 927, and pop.— wh. 5,504, fr. col. 4, 
si. ;iU— total 5.S22. CnpiUtl : Linden. 

Pekut, p. v., .ind cap. Houston co., Ga. : on Mossy cr., a 
"W. branch of the Ocmul^ee, 53 m. S. W. by S. Millcdge- 
ville. It contains a court-house, jail, 2 academies, a dozen 
fit>>res, and about 700 inhabitant.'*. 

PEi'.r-Y. p. v.. Pike co., I?L : about S m. "W. of the Illinois, 
59 m. W. Springfield. 

Peri'-y, p. v., Allen co., Ind. : on a W. branch of Cedar 
cr., 112 m. N. N. E. Indianapolis. A plank-road leads S. to 
Fort Wayne. 

Perry, p. v., and cap. Perry co., Kt/. : on Kentucky r., 
115 m. S. E. by E. Frankfort. It contains a court-house, 
several stores, and 2iK) inluibilants. 

Pkrry, t. and p. v., '\yasliington co., 3fe.: on Passama- 
quoddy bay. 142 m. E. by N. Augusta. On the S. is Cobs- 
cook bay. A bridge connects it with Eastport, 5 m. S. E. 
It has great facilities for the coasting trade and fisheries, 
■which, with boat-building and the lumber business, are ex- 
tensively carried on. Pop. of t. 1.324. 

Pehkt, I. and p. v., Wyoming co., y. Y.: 211 m.W.byN. 
Albany. Drainod l>y the outlet of Silver lake, which af- 
fords excellent water-power. Surface undulating; soil loam, 
mixed with sand and clay, and highly productive of gr.ass 
and grain- The v. is on the outlet, and extensively engaged 
in manufactures. It contains an academy, several furnaces, 
flouring and other mills and factories, and about 1,200 in- 
habitants. Pop. of t. 2,s32. 

Perry, t., p. o., and sta.. Lake co., Ohio: on Lake Erie, 
153 m. N. E. by N. Columbus. The Cleveland and Erie 
P. R. crosses it, and has a station 6 m. E. of Paincsville. 
Pop. 1,131. 

:^.ery. p. o., Venango co., Pe7in.: 173 m. N. "W. by W. 
Uarrisburg. 

Perry, t. and ]^. o., Shiawassee co., Mich, : 19 m. E. by N. 
Lansing. I'rained by Looking-glass r. and its branches. 
Surface mostly level ; soil fertile prairie. Pop. 313. 

Perry Centre, p. v.. Wyoming county, Ji. Y. : 214 m. 
"W. by N. Albany. A literary institution, called the Perry 
Centre Insti'.nte. is established here. 

Pebrymansville, p. V. and sta., Harford co., Md. : on 
the "W. side of Bush r, 34 m. N. N. E. Annapolis. The sta. 
is 27 m. E. of Baltimore, on the Philadelphia, Wilmington, 
and Baltimore R. P. 

pF.RRYoroMs, p. v.. Favcttc CO., Penn.: on the W. side 
of Youghiogeny r. 147 m. W. by S. Uarrisburg. The river 
affords power for sevonil factories and mills. The v. con- 



tains several stores and about 600 inhabitants. Tlie "P. 
Clarion" (dem.) is published weekly. 

Perry's Bridge, p. o..VermiHion par., La. : on Vermillion 
riv. r, about 20 m. N. of Vermillion bay, 65 m. S. W. by W. 
Baton Pouge. 

PERRVSBrRO,p. v., Miami CO.. /;j/^?..- 76 m. X. Indianapolis. 
A plank-road leads 12 m. S. tn Peru. 

PEBBYSBURrt, I. and p. o.. Cattaraugus co.. y. Y. : 262 ra. 
W. by S. Albany. Drained by affluents of Cattaraugus cr., 
its N. boundary. Surface broken and well timbered ; snil 
gravelly or clayey, and best adapted to grazing. Popula- 
tion 1.S62. 

pEURYSBtrEG, t., p. T., aud cap. Wood co., Ohio: on the 
right bank ofMaumee r., Ill ni. N. N.W. Cohmibus. Sur- 
face mosdy level ; soil sandy, and of average fertility. The 
village, occupying a commanding eminence at tlu? head of 
steamboat navigation, IS-m. above the mouth a^ the river, 
has a commodious wharf and harbi.r, and a good share of 
lake trade. It contains a court-bouse, jail, several steam 
mills and large warehouses, 30 stores, and 1.199 inhabit- 
ants. The "■Fort Meig's Eeveille" (whigl is published 
weekly. The proposed railroad from Fort Wayne to San- 
dusky City will pass through it Pop. of v. 1,199, and of 
town. 1,750. 

Perry's Codnkr, p. o., Duchess county, K. Y. : 53 m. S. 
Albany. 

Perry's Cross Koads, p. o., Edgefield district, S. Car.: 
about 2 m. S. of Saluda r.. 41 m. W. by N. Columbia. 

Perry's Mills, p. v., Tatnall co., Ga. : on the N. side of 
Alatamaha r., near the mouth of Cobb's cr., 93 m. S. E. by S. 
Milledgeville. It contains a grist and saw mill, a store, and 
several <lwelling3, and was for a time the county seat. 

Perry's Mills, p. v., Clinton co., K. Y. : on Ch.-izy river, 
1 m. S. of the Canada line, 7 m. W. of Lake Champlain, 
153 m. N. Albany. It contains several mills and about 400 
inhabitants. 

Perrysville, p. Vv, Vermillion county, Intl. : on the W. 
bank of the Wabash. 67 m. W. N. W. Indianapolis. It has 
several mill-sites, and a good trade in the stap'es of the co., 
which are shipped here by the Wabash ami Krie Canal, a 
side-cut of wliich crosses the river. It contains a dozen 
stores and 742 inhabitants. The "P. Eagle" is published 
weekly. 

Perrysville, p. v., Alleghany co., Penn.: 4 m. N. of 
Ohio r.. 163 m. W. by X. Harrisburg. 

Perrysville, sta., Juniata co., Penn. : on the E. division 
of the Pennsylvania P. P.. 15 m. E. Lewistown. 

Perrysville, p. v . Washington co., R. I. : 31 m. S. S.W. 
Providence. 

Perrytox, p. v., Licking county, Ohio: 42 ra. E. N. E. 
Columbus. 

Perrvtox, p. v., Mercer county, TU, : about 2 m. N. of 
Edward's r., 115 m. N. W. by N. Springfield. 

Perryville, p. v.. Perry county, Aht. : about 7 m. E. of 
Caliawba r., 52 m. W. N. W. Montgomery. 

Perryville, p. v., and cap. Perry co., Arl: : on La Favo 
river, a W. branch of Arkansas r.. .34 m. W. N. W. Little 
pock. It contains a few slgres and the co. buildings. 

Perryville, p. v., Boyle county, Et/.: 3S m. S. by W. 
Frankfort. It contains an academy, several stores, and 
about 500 inhabitants. 

Perryville^ p. v. and sta., Cecil co., Md. : on the E. side 
ofSusquehannar.and onthePhiladelphia.Wilmington and 
Baltimore K. K., 3S ra. E. of Baltimore, 43 m. N. E. by N. 
Annapolis. 

Perryville, p. v., and cap. Perry co., Mo.: 9 ra. W. of 
the Mississippi, 1:^5 m. E. S. E. Jefferson City. It contains 
the CO. buil<ling3, several stores, and 300 inhabitants. 

Pkrkyvii.le. p. v.. Huntenlon co,. y. Jer, : at the E. bag« 
of Musconehcong Mountain, 29 m. N. N. W. Trenton. 

Perryville, p. v., Madison co., A1 }', ; on a S. afTluent 
of Oneida lake, 105 m. W. by N. Albany. It contains sev- 
eral mills aud about 400 inhabitants. 

667 



PER 



PET 



Perkyttlle. p. v., Ashland co,, Ohio: on liluck Turk of 
Mohiccan cr., 5S m. N. N. K. Columlnis. 

PEiiRvviLLE. \>. v.. Mifllin county, Pfijin.: 47 in. N. "W. 
Harrisl)urg;. A funiiicc of l.S"0 ions caiiacily is loeatril luTe. 

Perryvillk, p. v., Decatur co., 7'enn, : on tho left bank 
of Tennessee r., 76 m. S. W. by W. Nasliville. Previous to 
the erection of Decatur ro. from Perry, it was the capital 
of the latter. It has an extensive trade in the exports of the 
BurrounUinf; district, whieli here* fiml a convenient ship- 
ping place, and contains several stores and a population of 
about 400. 

Pfjisiker. P.O., Knox CO., Til.: 3 m.W. of Spoon r., 82 ra. 
N. N. W. Sprinsfleld. 

Persimmon Ckekk, p. o., Cherokee co., iV. Car, : 823 m. 
W. hy 8. Raleigh. 

Pekbon county, K Car. Situate N., and contains400 sq. m. 
Drained by branches of Dan and Neuse riycrs. Surface 
level; soil moderately fertile, and adapted to grain and 
grazing. Chief productions, wheat, cotton, and tobacco. 
Farms 684; manuf. 17; dwell. 1,070, and pop.— wh. 5,590, 
fr. col. 295, sl. 4,S9a— loUil 10.77S. Capital: Koxborough. 

pEHTn, t. and p. o.. Fulton county, K Y. : S3 m. N. W. 
Albany. Surfjice rolling; soil clayey loam. Farming and 
grazing are the leading pursuits. Pop. 1,140. 

Pebtu Amboy, p. city, and port of entry, Middlesex co., 
N. Jer. : at the head of Karitan hay, and conflut- nee of 
Earitan r. with Arllmr kill, or Sialen Island Sound, 32 ra. 
N. E. by E. Trenton. It has a si)acious harlicr. with 24 
feet of water in the main channel, and easily accessible. It 
was laid out in I69S, and chartered as a city in 1734. The 
compact portion is chiefly on the bank of the kill, over 
which a ferry j)lies to Stalen Island. It contains an acade- 
my, a manufactory of locks, mechanical implements, etc., 12 
or 15 stores, and 1,865 inhabitants. Tonnage of the district 
in 1850 (which includes tlie E. coast of the Slate from Eliza- 
bethtown to Little Egg Harbor), 22,085 tons; all except 13 
tons engaged in the coasting trade. 

Peru, p. v., and cap. Miami co., Tnd. : on the N. bank of 
the Wabash, 67 m. N. Indianapolis. It contains a court- 
house, jail, ac^idemy, bank, 20 or 25 stores and warehouses, 
several mills, and 1,266 inhabitants. The "Miami County 
Sentinel" is issued weekly. It lies on the Wabash and Erie 
Canal, 60 m. W. of Fort Wayne, and the same distance E. 
of Lafayette, and is the shipping place of a rich district, with 
which it has a brisk and increasing trade. It is the northern 
terminiis of the Peru and Indianapoli.s K. U., which will be 
extended to connect with the Northern Indiana R. R., and 
is intersected here by the proposed Wabash Valley li. K., 
which, passing through Fort Wayne and Lafayette, forms a 
link in the connection of Toledo with St. Louis. 

Peru, t. and p. v., Oxford county, J/"''. ; on the S. side of 
Androscoggin r., 34 m. W. hy N. Augusta. Drained by 
affluents of the r., fed by several ponds. Surface uneven; 
soil fertile. Pop. of 1. 1,109. 

Peru, p. v., La Salle county, HI. : on the N. bank of the 
Illinois, at the head of navigation, 269 m. above iU- inouih, 
105 m. N. by E. Springfield. It is 1 m. below La Salle, the 
terminus of the Illinois and Michigan Canal, and forms with 
it one continuous v. along the r., on which arc the commer- 
cial houses, the residences occupying the high bluffs imme- 
diately back of it. The chief business is shipping the great 
staples by river and canal, but a large trade is kept up willi 
the back country, with all parts of which it has, or soon will 
havQ, easy communication. A rich and highly cultivated 
alluvial island lies in front of it, with a channel between 
that floats the largest steamers, and from which a lateral 
branch leaiie to the canal. Its favorable position for com- 
merce has given it its chief importance, and must eventually 
make it one of the first cities in the Stale. It has a daily 
communication with St. Louis and tlic immediate ports by 
packets and steamers, and with Chicago by canal and the 
Chicago imd Rock Island R. R., which also connects it with 
the Upper Mississippi ; and the Central Illinois K. R., which 
663 



here cntssestho r.will bring to it the trade and products of 
rich <listrict8 N. and S. of it. The '* La S. Co. Democrat" and 
the *'P. Telegraph"' arc published weekly. Distance to 
Chicago 100 m., the same by railroad and canaL Popula- 
tion about 3,000. 

Peru, t. and p. v., Berkshire county, Mme. : 103 m. W. 
Boston. Surface elevated and mountainous. It occupies 
the highest land between the Connecticut and Ilu-lson. Soil 
adapted chiefly for grazing, which is the leading interest 
Pop. 519. 

pEnu,t. and p. v., Clinton CO., it^. l*:; on Lake Champlain, 
124 m. N. .\lbany. Drained by Little Au Sable and Salmon 
rivers, which supply num-rous mill-sites. Surface in the E. 
genlly inclining to the lake; in the W. is the Au Sablerange 
of hills; soil chiefly sandy or clayey loam, and very fertile. 
It is heavily timbered, and has good landings on the lake at 
the mouth of Litlle Au Sable r. and at Port ..hwkson, 2 ra. 
further N. The v. is on the Little Au Sable. 4 ni. W. of the 
lake, and contains several factories and mills and about 1,000 
inhabitants. Pop. of t 3.G40. 

Peru, L and p. v., Huron county, Ohio: S3 m. N. by E» 
Columbus. Drained by Huron r. and branches, which sup- 
ply good mill-sites. Surface v.irie<l ; soil very fertile and 
highly cultivate*l. The v., on the E. branch«f the r., con- 
tains several flouring and saw mills an<l about 500 inhabit- 
ants. The Sandusky. Mansfield, and Newark R. R. passes 
on the W. border of the t Pop of t. 1,G32. 

Peru, t. and p. o., Bennington co., Verm. : 74 ra. S. by W. 
Monlpelier. The Green Mountains p:iss through it, and 
give rise to streams flowing in all directions. It is well 
wooded, and grazing is the leading pursuit. Pop. 567. 

Peru Mills, p. o., Juniata co., Penn. : 87 m. W. N. W. 
Ilarrisburg. 

Peruville, p. v., Tompkins county, Ni F. .• 131 m. W. 
Albany. It contains several mills and 300 inhabitants. 

Pesktego river, Wise: in N. E. part of Oconto county, 
flows mainly in S. E. corner, receiving numerous tribu- 
taries, and enters Green bay below the mouth of Meuo- 
monee river. 

Petaula. p. o., Randolph co., Ga. : on Pctaula cr., a 
branch of Chattahoochee r., 142 m. S. W. by W. Miiledgo- 
ville. 

Peterboro', p. v., Madison co., y. T. .-Q? m. W. Albany. 
It contains a h'alf-dozen stores and 400 inhabitants. 

Peterboro', t and p. v., HillsbonV county, N. JTainp.: 
32 m.S.W. Concord. Drained by Contoocook r. and branches, 
which afl'ord superior water-power. Surface broken; soil 
very fertile. On the streams are excellent meadows, and 
several cotton and woolen factories and mill-s of various 
kinds. Iron ore is found and wrought with success. The 
v. is on the r., and contains an academy and several slorea 
and mills. The " Contoocook Transcript" (neut.) is pub- 
lished weekly. Pop. of t. 2,222. 

PETERsnuBG, p. V., Elbert CO., Qa. : at the confluence of 
Savannah and Broad rivers, 79 m. N. E. by N. Milledgeville. 
A thriving v. wilh a valuable trade, growing manufactures) 
and a population of 400. 

pKTEasGiiRG, p. v., and cap. Menard county. III. : on the 
Sangamon, IS m. N. W. Springfield. It contains a court- 
house, jail, eeveral stores and mills, and a population of 
about 000. 

pETFRSBUBG, p. T., and cap. Pike co., Tnd. : 1 ra. S. of 
White r, 5 m. below the junction of its E. and W. forks, 
103 m. W. hy S. Indianapolis. It oocupicsan elevated plain 
on the E. side of Pride's cr., and the heart of a fertile 
district, through which the Wabash and Erie Canal passes, 
2 m. W. of it. It contiuns a court-house, jail, a dozen stores, 
and about 700 inhabitants. 

PETERSBUKG,p. v., Boonc CO., K]/.: on the Ohio, 56 in. N. 
Frankfort. It occupies thesiteof an Indian burying ground. 
Many remains of the aborigines have been found here, and 
near the v. are extensive fortifications in good preservation. 

PETEasBURQ, sta,, Huntingdon co., Penn. : on the N. side 



PET 



PHI 



of Juniata r.,S m. by Pennsylvania li. Ti., awl 1 m. by e;mal 
K. W. of lliiniin;r,lon. 

Peteesiiukg, sta., Mnnroe fo.. Mirh.: on the 3. si^ii) of 

EaisiDr.,2(ini. "W.of MuiiriiL- by lUe MiLliiy;au Southern U. U. 

Pkieushukg. p. v., iind cap. Lavacca eimnty, Tej,\: (ui 

Lavaeca r., 77 ni. S. E. Austin Cily. It contains the county 

buildings and several stores and dwcllin!2;s. 

pETi:iiSMUua, L and p. v., Rensselaer en., K. Y. : 21 m. 
E. N. E. AUiany. Drained by Little Iloosic cr., on wliich 
id a firUle \ alley running N. and S. ; clse« hero the Mtrfaee 
is maeh broken, and soil fitted lor grazing. Thu v. is ou the 
cr^ and contains several mills. Pop. of 1. 1,908. 

Feteesbl'kg, p. o., Cape May county, K. Jer. : CO m. S. 
Trenton. 

pETER'^iiuitG. p. v., Malioning co., Ohio: near the E. 
lino of the.-talr, 141 ni. E. N. E. Columbus. 

PETKBSifUKG, p. V., Liuoolu CO., 7\'niu .* 5G m. S. by E. 
Nashville. 

PtTEKSUUHt;, p. b. and port of entry, Dinwiddle county, 
Viry. : on S. brancli of Appomattox r., 12 m. above its con- 
fluence with James r., 22 m. S. by E. Pdchniond. Lat. N. 
S7^ 13' M", Utng. W. 7T° 20'. The r. is navigable to this 
place for VLSsels of H)0 tons, and the falls immediately above 
it allurd extensive water-power A canal is out round these 
falls, thus aflbrding boat navigation upon the river above 
for SO m. This is a very handsome and important com- 
mercial town, and exports largely flour and tobai-on. It 
suffered motit severely in July, 1315, by a conflagration, 
which destroyed 400 buildings, and property estimated at 
$2,000,000. The buildings and houses are now built prin- 
cipally of bhek. It contains a court-house, jail, 8 churches, 
S banks with aggregate capital of $1,170,000, insurance 
ofiice, etc. There are several cotton and woolen factories, 
floiu*ing and saw mills, ropewalks, and some other manu- 
factories. Two newspapers are published daily, "P. In- 
telligencer" (whig), "Daily News" (neut.); 1 tri-weekly, 
*' South Side Democrat*' Four railroads now centre at P., 
giving it ereat business, advantages, viz., Ilichmond and 
Petersburg II. P., Petersburg E. II. (to AVeldon), South Side 
E. i:., Appomatiox II. E. (to City Point.) The Petersburg 
and Norfolk li. li. is in construction. The steamships ply- 
ing semi-weekly between New York and EielunonO, and 
Others, cotmoct with Petersburg by Appomattox E. E. from 
City Point On oOth June, 1S50, the total tonnage of P, 
district was 2,ToS tons, of which 949 tons were registered 
(and i)ermanent), and 1,759 tons enrolled and licensed. Of 
the laller, \.Gi\ tons were pormanenlly employed in the 
coasting trade, SO tons in steam navigalion ; licensed under 
20 tons in coasiing trade, 70 tons. During the year preced- 
ing, the tot:d of clearances for foreign couuirics was 5 — 1,040 
Ions; total of entrances, do., 9—3,517 tons. Pop. in 1S30, 
8,322; in 1S40, 11,136 ; in ISoO, 14,010. 

Petersbuko Four CoRNEia, p. v., Eensselacr co., y. T. : 
23 m. E. N. E. Albany. '*> 

Peters' Cheek, p. o., Barren co., K{/. : on an E. branch 
of Cig Barren r., 106 ra. S. \V. by S. Frankfort. 

Peteus' Ckeek, p. 0., Stokes county, JV. Car.: ln2 m. 
N. W. by W. lialeigh. 

Petehsuam, t and p. v., 'Worcester co., Mass.: t>0 m. 
"W. by N. Worcester. Drained by branches of Swill r., 
affording numerous mill-seats. Surface high and somewhat 
broken; soil good, especially for grass. A farming and 
grazing t, containing numerous small manufaotories. Popu- 
lation 1,52T. 

I'ETEasTowN, p. v., ^lonroe co., VTrff. ; on Eich cr., 2 m. 
N. of Now r., Ib2 m. W. by S. Eichmond. On the cr., in 
the vicinity, are several mills and small factories. 

PETEitoviLLE, p. v., Frederick co., JId. : 3 m. N. of the 
Potomac, 62 m. W. N. W. Annapolis. PetersviUe and dis- 
trict contains 2.351 inhabitanU. 

Pctersvillk. p. v., Northampton co., Penn. : on Tlocken- 
docque creek, an E. aftlueul of Lehigh river, 79 m. E. N. K. 
Harrisbuig. 



Petite Jean, p. <S., Yell co., Ar^:: 3 m. S. of Petite Jean 

r., 52 m. W. N. W. Little Eock. 

Petua, p. o.. Saline co., Jf,. .- 66 m. N. W. JefTerson City. 

Pettis county, Jf,. Siiuate W. cenirally, and conlains 

655 sq. m. Dniiued by S. fork of La Mine r., and other 

branches. Surface varied; in general it is level, and there 

is some fine pruirie land; soil a fine deep loam, and very 

productive. Il has some good gmzing land, and along tho 

streams timber is abundant. Farms 500; nmnuf. 16; dwell. 

714. and pup.— wh.4.2tU, fr. cnl. 5. bl SS4— total 5,150. Cup- 

ital: Georgetown. J'nh/ie M'<>ri:s: Pacittc E. E. 

Pkh v'8, p. 0., Lawrence co., ///. ; 12" m. S. E. Springfield. 

Pewaukek, t and p. o., Waukesha co., ir/.vc. ,• 59 m. E. 

Madison. Drained by Pishtakar. (called Fox r. in Illinois), 

mto which flitw the waters of a l.argo lake lying in the W. 

l)art Surface even, and soil excellent grass and grain Ian<]. 

TheMilwaiikie and Mississippi E. E. crosses it, and plank 

roads lead E. and W. Pop. 1,093. 

Peytona, p. 0., Boono county, Virg.: 234 m. "W. by N. 
Eichmond. 

Pevtonsburg, p. o., Pittsylvania county, Virg. : 105 m. 
S. W. by W. Eichmond. 

Peyton's Creek, p. o.. Smith co., Tenn. : 48 m. E. by N. 
Nashville. 

Pe^tonstille, p. v., ■Williamson county, Tt'}in. : 22 m. 3. 
Nashville. 

PuABisuuRG, p. v., Union county, Ohio: 35 miles N. W. 
Columbus. 

Phark's Mills, p. o., Moore co., J^. Car.: 4G m.W. S.W. 
Ealeigh. 

PuARSALTA, t. and p. 0., Chenango co,, K Y. : 101 m. "W. 
Albany. Drained by Otselic cr. and brandies of Ch nango 
r. Surface broken ; soil fertile loam. Farming and grazing 
are the chief pursuits. Pop. 1,IS5. 
Pheasant Biianch, p. o., Dane co., TPAtc. 
PnELrfl, t and p. o., Ontario co., N. Y. : 166 m. TV. by N. 
Albany. Drained by Canandaigua outlet and Flint creek, 
which supply fine water-power. Surface undulating; soil 
loam, overlying limestone, and very fertile. It contains :iu 
abundance of gypsum and water lime, and large manufac- 
tories of flour, plaster, mechanics' imi)lement.s, etc. Tlie 
liochester and Syracuse E. E. jtasses through it, and has a 
sta. 7 m. N. W. Geneva. The p. o. is in the v. of Vienna. 
Pop. of t. 5.542. 

Pueu'8, t. and p. o., Ashtabula co., Ohio: 154 m. N. E. 
Columbus. Drained by Musquilo and Eock creeks, I^ranches 
respectively of Mahoning an<i Grand rivers, which furnish 
water-power. Surface elevated ; soil fertile ami well tilled. 
A superior farming town. 

PiiEi.rsTowN. t. and p. o., Ingham co., Hfich. : 12 m. E. 
Lansing. Drained by Eed Cedar r. Surface rolling and 
well timbered. Soil easily tilled, and generally fertile. Pop- 
ubition 393. 

PnENix, p. v., Kent county, R. T. : 13 miles S. by "W. 
Providence. 

PuiLADELPiiTA couuty, Penu. Situate S. E., and contains 
120 sq. m. Drained by Schuylkill r., Wis-^ahicken, Penne- 
pa'^k, and Tacony creeks. On the N. E. is PequasLng, and 
on ilie S. W. Darby creek. Tho Delaware, the common 
recipient of the above, forms it,s S. E. boundary. Surface 
4:eTieralty level, but mucli varied ; soil fertile. Farms 1,530; 
manuf. 4,,5^9; dwell. 6i,27S, and pop.— wh. 3S9..324, fr. col. 
19,4;5S— total 4ns,762. Capital: Philadelphia. P'lcblic 
Wori-'i : Philaficlphia and Columbia E. E. ; Eeading and 
Polteville E. E. ; PhiladLlphia, Norristown. and German- 
town E. E. ; Philadi-Iphia, Wilmington, and Baltinioro 
E. E.; Philadelphia and Westchester E, E. ; New York 
and Philadelphia E. E., etc. 

PuiLAOEM'uiA, p. city, port of entry, and cap. Pluladel- 
phia CO., PL-rin. : is situated between the Delaware and 
Schuylkill rivers, 5 m. alwve their junction, 93 m. E. by S. 
llarrisburg. From New York by most direct railroad, 
b7 m. ; from Boston, 323 m. ; from Baltimore, 93 ra. ; from 

669 



PHI 



PHI 



"WasIiingtoTi, 130 ni.; from Ilarrisburg, 106 m.; from 
Pilliburg, 357 miles. 

LalUude (liidi-peaUence Hall), 39° 56' 59"; long, from 
Greenwich. 75° 9' 54" W., from Washington, 1° 51' SG" E. 

Philadelphia cily proper is surrounded by several incnr- 
poraled disiricts, having their own municipal authorities; 
viz., Spring Gunien, Penn, Northern Liberties. Kensington, 
and Richmond in Uie N., and Southwark and Moyamensing 
Mn the S., West Pliiladelptiia, etc., which togciher form a 
densely pnpuUited area, and arc always embraced in the 
descriptions of the city. 

The city proper is situated on a plain, the highest point 
of which is elevated 64 feet above the ordinary high water 
mark in ilie river. This gentle elevation affords excellent 
drainage. The s<»il consists principally of clay, beneath 
which, at different depths, from 5 to 20 feet, is found coarse 
gravel. In form it is a parallelogram, 2 m. long by 1 m. 
wide. The streets are all straight, cross each other at right 
angles, are well paved, and kept remarkably' clean. The 
priuciijal streets are. Market Street, 100 feel wide, running 
E. and W. from river to river, nearly through the centre of 
the city ; Broad Sirect, 113 feet wide, running N. and S., a 
little W. of the mid.Ue of the city ; Arch Street, N. of Market 
Street. 66 feet wide ; Front Street, 60 feet, and the rest 50 
feet wide. The adjoining districts arc for the most part laid 
out with regularity. 

The buildings are chiefly of brick, built in plain and uni- 
form style. &ouie of the public edifices, of while marble and 
freestone, are distinguished f">r bcautj' and grandeur. The 
houses are generally on a uniform phin, 3 stories high, of 
brick, with marble steps and basements. Some of the more 
costly private residences are noted for their elegance. The 
public squares a^e laid out with much taste, ornamented 
with fine shade-lrees, shrubbery, etc., provided with seats, 
and are favorite promenades. The business portion of the 
city was originally on the Delaware side, but since the 
opening of the coal trade, and with the increase of popula- 
tion, the Scluiylkilt side has acquired a large share of busi- 
ness, particularly that of the coal trade, country produce, 
etc. The Schuylkill atfonis a convenient harbor for small 
vessels, an<l numerous wharves are built for their accommo- 
dation. The foreign commerce centres upon the Delaware, 
which is nearly 1 m. wide, adniitling the largest vessels to 
the wharves. Its navigation from the oc^an is somewhat 
intricate from banks, shoals, etc, and in mid-winter is 
sometimes closed by ice. 

Public Buildings. — Independence Hall, within which the 
Colonial Congress on July 4lh, 1716, declared the hidepend- 
euce of the United States, read from its stejis on that day to 
the assembled peoiile, now presents the same appearance 
as at that lime. ' This building, formerly the State IIousi-, 
fronts upon Chestnut Street, having Independence Square 
in the rear. It was commenced in 17'29, completed in 17;.U, 
cost £6,G00, and received the addition of its two wings in 
1740. The present steeple, erected in ISES, is a fac-simile 
of the former, which was removed on account of its decay. 
The room in which the Declaration was signed is carefully 
preserved, nearly in the same style of decoration with which 
it was originally finished. The "f)ld bell," imported in 
1752, is also carefully preserved as a most interesting relic. 
It bears the following inscription: "Proclaim Liberty 
throughout this land to all the inhabitants thereof." — Leviti- 
cus XXV. 10. "Within this venerable edifice was held the 
Convention which formed the Constitution of the United 
StJites. some of the first sessions of Congress, ami here 
"Washington delivered his "Farewell Address." on his re- 
tirement from public life. The building is used by the 
U. S. courts and city and county ofllces. 

The Custom House, formerly the U. S. Bank, oh Chestnut 
Street, above Fourih, is a splendid marble etlifiee, in imita- 
tion of the Parihonon at Athens, and one of the finest speci- 
mens of Doric architecture erected in muderu limes. It wa)* 
commenced in 1319, completed in 1824, and coat $500,000. 
670 



It is built upon a raised platform, S7 feet front, 161 feet deep, 
and has fronts, each of 6 fliittMl D.Tic cohmms, 27 feet high, 
A\ feet in (iiameter, supporting a heavy entablature. It has 
a very splendid interior, of which the principal apartment, 
81 feet long by 4-S wide, is ornamented by fluted Ionic 
columna and sculptured embellishments. 

The Merchaius' Exchange, fronting on Walnut, Dock, 
and Third streets, is a magnificent marble building, with 
semi-circular portico of Corinthian columns. It is 95 feet 
wide, 114 feet long, and 8 stories high. The basement ia 
occupied by the post-o(fioe and two insurance companies, 
and most of the building by commercial offices, etc. The 
Merihanls' Rea<Iing Room is handsomely ornamented. 

The United States Mint, in CheBtnut, near Broad Street, 
is a handsome edifice of brick, faced with marble, in imita- 
tion of a Grecian temple of the Ionic order, having a portico 
62 feet long, supported by 6 beautiful pillars, 25 feet high, 
3 feet in diameter. 

Many of the banking houses are distinguished as beauti» 
ful specimens of architecture. The Bank of Pennsylvania 
is a fine marble siruciure, 125 by 51 feel, erected 1799-1801, 
designed from the Temple of the Muses at Athens, having 
2 porticos of 6 Ionic columns each, with dome and roof en- 
tu-ely of marble. The Philadelphia Bank is an impi»siDg 
marble building, wiih an elegant elevated portico of the 
Corinthian order. The Girard Bank has a stately front of 
white marble, with portico of 6 Corinthian columns. The 
Bank of North America is an elegant structure of brown 
stone in Florentine style. 

IIoUU.—'V)^^ Girard House, erected 1851, is the largest 
and finest hotel in the city, and one of the most extensive 
in the Union. It has a very handsome front on Chestnut 
Street, 5 stories in height, besides basement and attic. 
There are other large and well-kept houses, but not noted 
for architectural beauty, etc. 

Places of Amusement. — The Chestnut Street Theatre, 
erected 1822, is 90 by 150 feet, has a richly dec<irated interior, 
and will accommodate over 2,000 persons. Walnut Street 
Theatre, formerly the Olympic, is now a very fashionable 
resort. The Arch Street Theatre is a very handsome edi- 
fice. The Musical Fund Hall, erected lS'i4, is an elegant 
building. Its Interior, 123 feet long by 60 feet wide, unsup- 
ported by columns, is one of the best halls for musical 
effect in the United States, seats 2.000 persons, and is in 
constant use for concerts, lectures, balls, etc. The Philadel- 
phia Museum building is an immense structure, 238 feet 
long and 70 feet wide. 

United Statef Military and Kaval BsthlishmenU.—TorX 
Mifllin, on a small island in the Delaware, 1} m. below the 
entrance of the Schuylkill, defends the cily. The U. 8. 
arsenal, near Frnnkford, is an immense eatablishment, used 
for the storage and manufacture of munitions of war, and 
has one ofthelacgest powder magazines in the United States. 
The U. S. arsenal in Moyamensing near Schujikill r., is 
used as the depot f^ir the clothing of the army, camp equi- 
page, etc. The buildings consist of 4 large brick store- 
houses, 3 slorie& high, forming a hollow square. 

The U. 9. navy yard is situated on the bank of Delaware 
r. in the district of Southwark. The grounds, inclosed on 3 
sides by a high brick wall, embrace about 12 acres, pur- 
chased in isoi, for $37,500 ; now assessed at $250,000. Tho 
various buildings are residences for ofiBcers, quarters for 
marines, workshops and storehouses, 2 ship-houses, mold- 
ing lofts, etc. The ship-houses are among the largest in 
the Union ; the first is 270 feet long. 103 feet high, &4 feet 
wide ; the second is 210 feet long, 80 feet high, 74 feet wide. 

Here are the U. S. dry dt>ck3, capable of raising the 
largest sl^- am- vessels and ships of the line. These works, 
constructed in 1849-51, at a bital cost of $813,742, consist of 
a sectional fioating dry-dock in 9 sections; a basin, 350 feet 
long by 22G feel wide inclosed by granite waJls, having a 
granite floor, upon a foundation of piles, timbers, etc. ; and 
2 railways, with hydrauUc cylinder, etc. 



PHI 



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The U. 9. Naval Asylum, establislied in 1^35, occupk'S an 
elevated and mosl beauiifiil si u*, near the Schuylkill r., in 
Moyamensing district, and consists of 3 stniclures. The 
priiK-ipal edififu, bu.It of marble, is 3 storii-s high, has a front 
of 3S0 ffct. inclUiling a central building 142 by ITo fet't. which 
has a handsome piTtico « iih S Ionic colunina. The grounds 
embrace 25 acr^s, beaulifully adorned with trees, shrubbery, 
etc The pensioners are about 140 in number, wh^ are 
ppivided with every comfort. A naval oEScer is stationed 
at [his port, 

Edaaition. — The public schools are well organized upon 
n most efficient systetn, established in ISIS, which constituted 
the city and county of Philadelphia, one entire selicwl 
dislriirt, in 11 sei-tions, with arrangements for uniform and 
harmonious grades of free instruction. Tlie schools are 
under the direeiion of 23 controllers and 210 directors, dis- 
tributfd ihrimghoul the 11 sections. In 1S52, lliere were 
254 schools, class^ified as follows: 1 high, 1 normal, 53 
grammar, 29 secondary, 130 primary, and 40 unclassified; 
which empliiyed 111 teachers, and had about 50,000 scholars. 
The school-houses generally are substantial brick edifices, 
3 stories high, accommodating 500 to l,OtiO pupils. 

The Normal School for the instruction of female teachers, 
was eslablished in 1S4S; its course of JnslruciioQ embracing 
two years, is of the very best order. The central high 
Bchool, eslablished October. 1S3S, is one of the best institu- 
tions in the Union, The building, in Juniper Street, below 
Market, has a handsome marble front with Ionic portico. 
It has 11 instructors, an<i about 500 students. The number 
of private schools and academies, with parish and charity 
schools, female seminaries, etc., ia very large, indicating the 
popular interest in good education. 

ColUg&i. — The University of Pennsylvania was established 
as a college in 1755, and as an university in 1779. It com- 
prises 4 departments, academical, collegiate, medical, and 
law, of which the medical department is by far the most 
flourishing. In 1S50, the collegiate dL-partment had T in- 
Btructors, 5.142 alunnii, SS students, and 5,()0() volumes in its 
library. The university buildings, in Ninth Street below 
Market, are large and handsome structures, each So feet 
front by 112 deep. 

Philadelphia is preeminently distinguished as the medical 
metropolis of llie Union. Of medical colleges, it contains 
the first established in the United Stales, which, with the 
other numerous institutions, are by far the most flourishing 
and important in the nation. The number of medical works 
and journals here published is probably equal to the com- 
bined number in all other cities in the Union. The libraries 
of the medical colleges, etc., are large and very valuable; as 
also their anatomical museums, cabinets, etc. Very great 
advantages for clinical instruction are afli)rded by the various 
hospitals, dispensaries, etc. 

The statistics of the principal institutions, in 1S50, were 
as follows ; 

N'Tnes. Founded. Prof. Stii. Graitiiates. 

Med. Dep. Univ. Penn . . . 1765 .... 7 .... 450 ... . 5,816 

Jefferson Med. Col 1824 7 514 ... . 2,036 

Med. Dep. Penn. Col 183S 7 176 73 

Phil. Col. of filed 1S47 .... 7 ... . 75 ... . 250 

Other medicid institutions are— Medical Institute of Phila- 
delphia, estJiblished in 1S17, which gives medical instruction 
in the sunmier, but does not confer degrees; Philadelphia 
Association for Medical Instruction, on the same plan : 
Homoeopathic Medical College of Pennsylvania, instituted 
1S46; Female Medical College of Pennsylvania, founded 
1S49, the first <)f the kind in the world, which in 1S52 had 
40 students; Eclectic Medical College of Pennsylvaina, 
chartere<l in 1S50; and Philadelphia College of Pharmacy, 
eslablished lS:i2, for the instruction of druggists, etc., which 
has a good cabinet, library, etc., an<l annual course of 
lectures. Nearly al! of these institutions have large and 
commodious edifices. 

The Theological Seminary of St. Charles Borromeo, 



(Koman Catholic), incorporated 1S4S. contained in 1552, 86 
students,'preparingTor the priesthood, and 7.00i> vols, in its 
library. 

Gii'Kvd Colloge. — This magnificent institution, founded by 
Stephen Girard, with a bequest of .^;2,e0ii.000 for the gratu- 
itous instruction and support of destitute orphims, is situ- 
ated on the pLitigc Koail, in the district of Penn, 1 m. N. 
of the N. boundary of the city proper. The corner-slone of 
the college was laid July 4, 1S33, the buildings were com- 
pleted in 1S47, and the institution went into operation, Jan. 
1st, 1S4S. The grounds contain about 41 acres, inclosed by 
a wall 10 feet high. The college edifices present a very im- 
posing appearance. The central edifice, most substantially 
built of marble, is one of the most magnificent stnictures of 
its size in the world. It is in the form of a Greek temple, 
in the Corinthian style, resting on a basement of U steps, 
which e\Iend aroun<l the entire edifice, imparting to it a 
p\ramidal appearanceof great solidity. It is surrounded by 
colonnades of the most magnificent murble pillars, 6 feet in 
diameter, and 55 feet in height — S columns on each end, and 
11 on eai-h side, including the corner columns both ways, 
lis diiruiisions, including the colonnades, are 100 feet wide, 
21S feet long, 90 feet high ; the bo^ly of the building alone 
is 111 feet wide,l(i9 feet long, and 56 feet S inches high. It 
is three stories high, each divided in'o 4 rooms, with vesti- 
bules. The roof, composed of most massive marble tiles, 
has an entire weight of 969] tons, exchisire of ita supports. 
In the lower vestibule rest the remains of Mr. Girard, 
beneath a marble statue of himself. Four other bnildiuga, 
faced with marble, are each 52 feet wide, 125 feet long, and 
three stories high. The entire cost of the college buildings, 
with improvementsof groiin<l3, etc, w.as $1,933,821 73. The 
ofllcers and teachers consist of president, secretarj-, 2 pro- 
fessors, 2 physicians, matron and assistant matron, 5 male 
teachers, 12 female teachers, and steward. The current ex- 
penses in 1351, were $02,900, of which $;3O,.500 were for the 
clothing and subsistence of the pupils. Pupils in 1S52, 305. 

Literary and Scientijic InfttitutU-n^^ Lihraru^s, and Fine 
Arts. — The American Philosophical Society, originated by 
Franklin, in 174=3, is the oldest scientific association in the 
United States. In 1769, another similar society was united 
with it. It was incorporated March 15. 17S0. Its building, 
erected in 17S9, contains a very valuable library of 2i>,000 
volumes, an extensive cabinet of medals, antl a l;u"ge col- 
lection of maps, engravings, etc. Its published transactions, 
in numerous volumes, have greally eoniributid to the ad- 
vancement of science. The Academy of Natural Sciences, 
founded 1S12. incorporated 1S17, h;is a very handsome edi- 
fice, containing a library of 13.000 volumes, and the most 
valuable museum in Ihe United Stales, containing, besides 
other collections, 25,000 specimens in ornithology, unrivaled 
in the world, 30.000 in the herbarium, 7.000 in geological 
department, and the late Dr. M'>rion*s celebrated cabinet of 
crania. The academy has contributed much to natural 
science. The Historical Society of Pennsylvania, founded 
1825, has issued various historical publications, and has a 
library of 2,000 volumes, wiih collections, etc. The Franklin 
Institute, incorporated March 30, 1>24, mainly devoted to 
the promotion of mechanical science, etc., has about 3,000 
members, and library of 6,000 volumes, principally mechan- 
ical and scientific works ; publishes monthly its journal, the 
oldest and one of the best mechanical periodicals in the 
Union; and holds annually an extensive exhibition of Amer- 
ican manufactvirej?. The College of Physicians, chartered 
Marcli 20, 17S9, publishes its transactions quarteriy, and ia 
one of the most valuable periodicals of medical science. 

The Philadelphia Library Company, instituted 1731, prin- 
cipally by Dr. Franklin, li.ts one of the most extensive 
libraries in this country. Its edilh-e, erected 1789-90, a plain 
sirueture. presents a venerable appearance. Its entrance la 
surnioimted by an excellent marble 8t;iiue of Franklin. In 
1792, it received the valuable library of Hon. James L«^gaD, 
now amounting to 10,000 volumes. These united hbrariea 

671 



PHI 



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'^ 



now embrace about 60,000 volumes, and are constantly in- 
creasing. The Athenitum, organized Ffbruary 9, 1814, now 
oceupies a very elegant edifice, built in the Italian style, 
corner of Sixth and AiielpUi streets, erected lS45-i7, con- 
taining a library of 12,000 volumes, reading-room, etc. The 
Mercantile Library, established 1S21, has a handsome library 
building, corner of Fifth and Library streets, erected 1344-45, 
at a cost of $23,200, which contains 10,500 volumes ; its real 
estate ia valued at $60,0(tO. The Library of the Law Asso- 
ciation is a good collection of professional works. The 
Apprentices' Library, founded 1S19, is an excellent institu- 
tion, having 12,000 volumes, resorted to by 1,200 l^oys and 
600 girls. The German Society have 8,000 volumes; the 
Pennsylvania Ilospital 10,000 volumes of medical works; 
besides which, are the Friends' Free Library, Spring Garden 
Institute, the colleges previousily mentioned, and some 
library companies of the incorporated districts. 

The Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts, organized 
ISO", contains rare sculptures, with splendid paintings by 
the old masters, "West, Allston^ apd Sully, and holds annual 
exhibitions, commencing in/May. The Art Union of Phil- 
adelphia has a free gallery of pictures constantly open, 
which are changed monthly, and holds a distribution of 
prizes in December annually. There are two associations of 
artists — Graphic Association and Artists' Fund Society. 

Keiospapersaiid Periodical. — According to the census 
of 1S50, the periodical press then consisted of 64 publications, 
viz., 11 dailies, 1 semi-weekly, 37 weeklies, 5 aemi-month- 
liea, S monthlies, 1 quarterly, 1 annual. 

Names of dailies— "Norih American" (whig), '• Pennsyl- 
vania Inquirer" (whig1, *' Pennsylvauian" (dem.), "Daily 
News" (whig), " The Sun" (nat. Am.), " Sjjirit of ihe Times" 
(dem.), " Public Ledger" (indep.), " Evening Bulletin" (in- 
dep.), " Daily Register" (neut.) The largest circulations 
were — of the dailies, "Public Ledger," 43,980; of Ihe 
•weeklies, " Dollar Newspaper" (indep.), 40,000 ; " Scotfa 
"Weekly Paper" (lit.), 40,000 ; *' Saturday Evening Post" (lit.), 
42,000; "American Courier" (lit.), 35,000; of semi-month- 
lies, " Youth's Penny Gazette" (relig.), 100,000 ; of mouthlies, 
*' Godey's Lady's Book," 60,000. 

The press is generally characterized by propriety, origin- 
ality, enterprise, and large circulations. The medical journals 
are of high repute. The first papers were— *' American 
"Weekly Mercury," established 1719, by Andrew Bradford; 
"Pennsylvania Gazette," in 1723, subsequently conducted 
by Dr. Franklin; "Pennsylvania Packet," 1T71, which, in 
1784, was issued daily, the first daily in the United States. 

Chttrc/tes, JieU{/ious Institutions, etc. — Eeligious societies 
of all denominations are very numerous. The total number 
of churches in 1852, in the city and closely adjoining districts, 
was about 175, viz. : Episcopal 31, Presbyterian (of all kinds) 
45, Friends' 9, Roman Catholic 17, Baptist 20, Methodist 27, 
Lutheran 8, German and Dutch Reformed 4, Moravian 1, 
Universalist 4, Unitarian Is besides 3 Jews' Synagogues and 
some independent churches. Compared with other cities, 
the church edifices of tliia city are not distinguished for 
architectural beauty, though characterized by neatness and 
comfortable convenience. The principal edifices are — of 
Episcopal, Christ Church, completed 1753; St. Andrew's, in 
the Ionic order, a very classic structure ; SL Stephen's an<l 
St. Mark's, in Gothic style. The First and Seventh Presby- 
terian churches; Sansom Street Baptist Church. The Ro- 
man Catliolic, St. Peter's Church, in classic Roman style, 
and the Cathedral, a magnificent structure, not yet com- 
pleted, which will surpass in architectural splendor all 
others in the city. 

The American Sunday School Union, formed 1824, has a 
large edifice in Chestnut Street, 5 stories high, used as de- 
pository and publication of their books; tracts, etc. The 
General Assembly of the Presbyterian Church have located 
here three ol" their four principal boards, \iz. : PubHciilion, 
Domestic Missions, and Educalion,wliieh nccujiy in Chestnut 
Street a baud&ome edifice of brown gtouc, 4 stories high, 
672 



chiefly used as publication rooms. During the year 1S50-51, 
the board of publication ptinted 430,300 hooka and tracts. 
The American Baptist Publication Society, formed 1839, 
occupy in Ardi Street an ornamental edifice of brown sand- 
stone, 4 stories high. Other religious a--;socia lions are- 
Philadelphia Tract, Education, Home Missionary, and sev- 
eral Bible societies, all of which, with the foregoing, cele- 
brate their anniversaries in May. 

benevolent JrisHtutioii^.— These are numerous, and of 
superior excellence. The Pennsylvania Hospital, incorpo- 
rated 1751, is a very extensive establishment, occupying an 
entire square between Spruce, Pine, Eighth, and Ninth 
streets, fronting on Pine Street. The main edifice has an 
entire length of 281 feet, consisting of central building with 
wings. From 1841 to 1852 it received 13,829 patients, of 
Mhom 9,800 were poor; in 1852 it contained 153 inmates, of 
whom 120 were poor. Its funds arise from legacies and 
private subscriptions. In front of the building is a fine 
statue of William Penn, in bronzed lead. A branch of this 
institution is the Pennsylvania Ilospital for the Insane, 
which, previous to 1341, was a conjoined portion of tho 
hospital, but has since been located on a fine farm of 111 
acres, in West Philadelphia, about 2 m. W. Schuylkill r. 
The principal building and main wings present an E. front 
of 436 feet, 3 stories high, and are surrounded with 41 acres 
of beautiful pleasure grounds. The Friends' Asylum for 
tho Insane, near Frankford, founded 1S15, has good build- 
ings, etc. The Pennsylvania Institution for the Deaf and 
Dumb, founded 1820, haa occupied, since 1825. its present 
spacious edifice, corner of Broad and Pine streets, built of 
granite, with Doric portico, at a cost of $81^,000. In 1852 it 
had contained 134 pupils, of whom the State of Peimsyl- 
vania supported 92, Maryland IS, New Jersey 13, Delaware 
3, and the institution 13. The Pennsylvania Institution for 
the Blind, founded 1333, located in Race, between Schuyl- 
kill, Second, and Third streets, haa a large edifice, 4 stories 
high, with beautifully decorated grounds, and contained in 
1352, 93 pupils, of whom the State of Pennsylvania sup- 
ported 45, New Jersey 6, Maryland 5, Delaware 1, the in- 
stitution 15, with 15 by their own industry, and 6 by their 
friends. The "Wills' Hospital for Diseases of the Eye and 
Limbs, in Race Street, opposite Logan Square, was founded 
by the late James "Wills, of Philadelphia, with a legacy of 
$108,396, bequeathed to the city for that purpose. The 
building, erected 1S32-.34, is a neat stone structure, 80 feet 
long, SO feet deep, which cost, including lot, $57,203, and is 
surrounded by ample and beautiful grounds. From ita 
foundation to 1S52, upward of 2,000 persons had been re- ■ 
lieved as inmates, and about 5,000 had been treated at their 
homes. Oth.r hospitals are — St. Joseph's, near Girard Col- 
lege; Christ Church, Ibr indigent females of the Episcopal 
Church; and the City Hospital, Spring Garden, established 
in 181S by the Sluto as a pest hospital, is a brick structure 
of central bu"ili3ing with wings. The U. S. Naval Asylum 
is previously described. 

Orphan and otJier AsyJums, ^.— The principal institi*- 
tion for orjihana, that of the Orphans' Society of Phila- 
delphia, founded 1814, is on Race Street and Schuylkill 
Fifih; a large brick structure, 110 by 153 feet, built firo- 
pro._if and in the most substantial manner; erected 1823. 
The fir.st edifice was destroyed by fire Jan., 1822, when 23 
inmates perished. St, John's Male Orj)han Asylum (Roman 
Catholic), is on W. side of the Schuylkill, 2i m. from Market 
Street bridge, on the Lancaster turnpike. The building, in 
Elizabethan Gothic style, is of brown stone; in extreme 
length 220 feet, consisting of central edifice 4 stories high, 
and wings 3 stories high, and can accommodate 250 orphans, 
St Joseph's Female Orphan Asylum, corner of Spruce and 
Seventh streets, has an average number of 100 orphans. 
The Colored Orphans' Asylum, in Thirteenth Street, in 1353 
had G7 cluMren. Other a."»ylum3 are— the Widows' Asylum, 
institiitc-d 1S19, with 60 inmates; St. Ann's Wi<Inws' Asylum; 
Philadelphia Lying-in Asylum; House of Industry, in 



PHI 



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Moyamensing, organized lS4f), with-cominodious buildirigj* ; 
Prtalon Ketreat, iisod by Ihe Fc^tiT Home Assncijilion, 
which provided in 1S52 for 74 oliildren; and 3 MiigdaU-n 
asylums. There are 4 dispr-nsariis. of which ihe priiu'ipal 
is the Philadelphia, fouiuhd in 17S6, Mhich in 1S51 treated 
7.3C3 patieufs. Other charilable institutions are nuineroiis. 
The City Ahns-housc, iVoniing on W. side of the Schuyl- 
kill, eoinjjrises 4 buildings, inclosing a rectangular area, 
each 500 feet lung and 3 stories high, besides basement, sur- 
rounded by a farm of 10 acres, wilii out-buildings, etc. The 
main front facing Ihe city is ornamented by an elegant por- 
tico in the Tuscan order, having 6 columns. 5 feet diameter 
at base and 30 feet high. The average number of paupers 
in 1S51 was 1,813, maintained at an expense of $97,l)'J(j, or 
$1 04 per week each. Attached is the Children's Asylum, 
which in 1S51 contained about l.SDO children — S62 boys and 
1.4SS girls— sustained at an annual expense of $Tn,O0O. The 
insane department contaiiu^d in 1852, 3il0 inmates; the 
hospital 349 patients. The total cost of supporting the poor 
at the alms-houae and in the city and districts during ISol, 
was $22'>,y77. The Moyamensing Alms-house is the public 
charity Ibr that district. The Friends' Alms-house is a pri- 
vate institution and has but few inmatea. 

Jfunk'ipal Goi-fni nu-iii% Drpartinenti. — The county of 
Philadelphia is divided into ditfercnt local governments. 
The incorporated dij^Iricts directly adjoining the city proper, 
viz., Soulliwark, Moyamensing, Spring Garden, Northern 
Liberties, Kensington, and Richmontl, have simihir organi- 
zations, each governed Iiy boanis of commissioners. The 
consolidation of ttiese districts willi the oity proper into one 
municipal corporation, has for some time been agitated. 
The government of the city proper, under the general su- 
perintendence of the mayor, is composed of police depart- 
ment, select and common councils, board of city commis- 
sioners, and board of city and county commissioners. 

The police department, exclusive of ofBcers, embraces 200 
watchmen. The cimsolidated police force, established lS.iO, 
has ISO policemen, distributed as follows: city 55, Spring 
Garden 26, Kensington 24, Northern Liberties 21, Southwark 
18, Moyamensing 12, Penn 4, Richmond 4, West Philadel- 
phia 3, under 12 lieutenants and the marshal. The number 
of arrests by tliis force, from Nov. 21, ISoO, to Nov. 1, 1S51, 
exceeded 12,000. 

jFire Df-paiimfut—lvi 1S52 there were TO companies — 
engine 35, hose 3:i, hook and ladder 2 — each having about 
30 members. The As.sociiilion for the Relief of Disabled 
Firemen, established 153.'), in 1S.'>2 possessed $1T,500 per- 
manently invested ; and ha<I previously distributed $9,000. 
The Board of Health, consisting of IS members, has 
charge of the sanitary condition of ilie city, the city ho^piUil, 
and the lazaretto at quarantine ground, 14 m. below tlu' 
city. The statistics of the ahus-liouse, county prison, etc., 
are previously given. 

Jfarkets,— These are noted for their excellence, abundant 
BUpplics, cleanliness, etc. The principal ranges of stalls are, 
in Market Street, extending from the Dt-laware to Eiglilh 
Street, and from Schuylkill Sixth to F.ighth streets, erected 
iu 1S36; there are 10 others. The wholesale provision trade 
is principally carried on in "Water Street, and near the 
wharves, chiefly l)y extensive firms. The following table 
shows the number of rattle offered at the Pliiladelphia 
cattle market during each of the six years, from 1645 to ls^50 
inclusive: 

Yt-nrs. BepveN, Cnlvca. Sliefp. Swjtip. 

1S45 49.290 S,(^30 25,700 79.000 

184(; 65.940 11,9S0 29,160 77,000 

1?47. 51,500 12,295 86.410 5T,189 

1S4S 6(>.:ir0 13.365 46,680 75,270 

1M9 67.410 1.M'IO 48.700 7S,500 

ISoO 7l),S20 15,265 33,840 95,450 

Foimxmmt ir^/^^^r-TToz-^-^.— Those water-works which 
supply the city with water, are siluat^'d on E. bank of 
Schuylkill r., a little N. of the city proper, and have been in 

43 



operation j-ince July I, lS-22. A dam ext<'nds across the 
river. 1,24S feet long, erected in 1S19. The water backed 
up by the dam passes into an artificial forebay, 419 feet 
loni;, 90 feet wide, and 60 feet deep. The mdl-biiilding is » 
of stone, 2.'N ft;L't long, 56 feet wide, containing S double- 
acting fr>rcing pumps, each of which will lift about 1.250,000 
gallons inti> tlie rcsi-rvoirs in 24 hours. The water is elevated 
92 feel. The reservoirs, 4 in number, cover (> acres, are 12} 
feet deep, constructed in very substantial manner, tngdlier 
contain 22.031. 970 ale gallons, and coat $Io3,^22. They are 
for the most part upon artiflci.il ground, raist-d in some jiarls 
40 feet above the original of the hill. "When full, the water 
is 102 feet above low tide in the Schuylkill, and 56 feet aliovc 
the highest ground iu the city. One of them is divided into 
3 sections for tlie purpose of filtration. Tlie water passes 
from the reservoirs to the city, through 3 main iron pipes, 
in diameter 20, 22, and 30 inches respectively ; and is then 
distriliuted through the city in pipes from 3 to 10 inches 
diameter, chiefly 3 and 6 inches, of which the total length in 
January, lSo2, w.as: in city proper SI ni., in districts of 
Soulhwark and Moyamensing 2Gi m. The average daily 
consumption of water in the city and districts in ISOO, 
throughout the whole year was 4,7S5,33S ale gallons; in 
isril, 5,69n,744 g.illons. Water rents in iSol, $135,ST4. The 
entire cost of these works to Dec. 31, 1S50, was $1,615,170; 
additional expenses in 1S51, $92,3S0 — total cost to lb52, 
$1,707,550. 

Sprmg Garrlfn and NbrtJi^ni LiheTtig.^ Water- l^^oH'S.— 
Situated on E. side of the Schuylkill, about 1 m. above 
Fairmount. Tlie engine-house is of granite, iu Kgyptiau 
stylo. The reservoir, 15 feet deep, 115 feet above iMW-wati-r 
mark, contains 9.S0O.00O, gallons, and has 2 distributing 
mains, 16 inches diameter. This work was completed iu 
1845, at a cost of $159,075. 

Mamtfiicturt'^: — In the amount, and v.aUie, and variety 
of ira manufactures, PhUadelpliia is one of the most im- 
portant citius in the Uuiled States. Many of these are 
brought to more than an ordinary degree of perfection. 

The f'llluwing siaiement of the manufactures in the city 
and county of Philadelphiai is from the census returns 

of 1S50: Value of 



rnpitril 
irtv-i.Hted. 

Phil. City proper. . $13,207.695 . 

Norlh'n Liberties. 3.922.251. 

Spring Garden... 2,Dl3.445. 

Kensington 3,755,711 . 

Southwark 2,171,065. 

Moyjunensing 530.36-1. 

Townships, etc. . . 7,2^;7.3S0. 



Annm.l 
I.rniliii.-ls. 

$26,3(»9,205 
7,073,023 
5,37G,7SI 

10,0ft3,904 
3,734,730 
1,299.201 

10,237.3(18 

$33,737,911 $34,505,156 $64,114,212 
Tiio f'llowing .statements of the number of hands, and 
their wages, are from tlie same source: 

Ayfrrt-j^f miTiiber <if Aver.isp in'mthly coat 

1 nmlrt emiilny?!]. of liibor. 



Kawm.il.pri.U 
inrl. IupI. 

,..$12,C6.V211... 
, . . 3.764,341 . . . 
... 3,046,216... 

.. 6,166.071... 

.. 2,197.047... 

5T.^),2;;7... 

... C,O90,7;J3... 





JV.!«. 


I-Vin.il?s. 


M^il-j. 


iFpm.iIefl. 


Phila. ritypropiT 


1T,020. 


. 9.046... 


... $4-1.5,075. 


. $97,955 


Northern Lilx-rlips 


. 4,463. 


. 1,181... 


... 115,657. 


. 12,200 


Spriri',' <^inicn .. 


4,S'2G. 


854... 


93,803. 


. 9,588 


Kcnsiniilon 


e^M. 


. l,S9l)... 


. . . 108,010. 


. 13,279 


Southwark 


2,fiS9. 


. ICT... 


... 60,021. 


. 1,844 


Moyamensing 


l.OTO. 


. 2S8 . . . 


40,308. 


. 2,872 


Towusbipa, etc... 


6,705. 


. 2,xn... 


... 188,265. 


. 71,390 




4:),296 


15,803 


*1.0C2,809 
h. costof lab.^ 


$208,684 


Tiit;il employees . 


....59,099 Mon 


1,271,893 



Among the principal manufactures, are those of machin- 
ery, hardware, cuth-ry, jirecious metals, cordage, furniture, 
musical instruments, upholstery, omanu'nlal and other 
inm furniture, with largo sugar refineries and marble 
works, etc. 

Ji'inl:^ and Insurance C&mpanies.—Tlicrc were in 1S52 

673 



PHI 



PHI 



f 



in the city and districts 13 bunks, with aggregate working 
capital of $10X50,000, paying fair dividends, with 4 savings 
banks. Number of fire insurance companies, 10; of Are 
and marine do., 4 ; of marine do. 5 ; of life, annuity, and 
tnist do., 9— total 2S, 

Railroads^ c^t'.^The following is the list of railroads 
diverging from Philadelphia, with their lengths : Pliiladcl- 
phia and Tn^nton R. R., and thence by New Jersey R. R. to 
New York, 87 m. ; Camden and Amboy R. K. to New York, 
90 m. ; Philadelphia, Germantnwn. and Norristown R. R., 
17 m. ; Germanlown Branch R. R., 6 m. ; Philadelphia, 
Reading, and Poltsville R. R., 93 m. ; with short branch 
from Sehnylkill falls to Port Richmond coal dep6t. Colum- 
bia and Pliiladetphia R. R., S'i m., which connects at L:in- 
casler by llarrisburg and Lancaster R. R., wilh the Penn- 
sylvania R. R. to Pittsburg, 357 m. ; Phila<lelphia and 
Westchester E. E.', 30 m., which branches from Columtiia 
' and Philadelphia E. E. at Paoh; Philadelphia, Wilming- 
ton, and Baltimore E. R., 9S ra. 

The city derives great advantages from the Schuylkill 
Navigation Canal, hence to Port Carbon, lOS m. ; the 
Chesapeake and Delaware Canal, and others which contri- 
bute to its prosperous trade. 

Domestic Trdd^. — The following statement exhibits the 
number of coastwise arrivals of vessels, from ISSo to 1S51 
inclusive : 



Ye.tra 



VcfSfls. Tenre. Vpsnela. Years. 



lels. 



1835 8,573 

1886 3,764 

1837 7,476 

1833 10,860 

1839 11.188 

1S40 9,706 



1341 9,'246 

1842 7.973 

1843 T.659 

1844 7,717 

1S45 8,029 

1S46 6,01S 



1S47 18,069 

1S4S 23.921 

1S49 24,594 

18.30 27,035 

1S61 26,434 



The coal trade is by far the most prominent part of the 
domestic trade of the city. During the calendar year 1S51, 
the arrivals at Port Richmond, the terminus of the Eeading 
E. E., were as follows: S ships, 92 barks. 467 brigs, 5,379 
schooners, 2n2 sloops, 1,933 barges— total 8,126. 

The fnllowing statements ot the annual inspections of 
flour and meal, and of the measurement of the principal 
grains, from 1S46 to 18.^0 inclusive, are dt-rived from the Ee- 
port of the Philadelphia Board of Trade of January, 1851 : 



Corn Meal. 



Rye Flour. 



^""'- bbi.. 

1846 674,648 170,143 33„'i20 

1847 708,931 800,609 27,906 

1848 ,511.279 162,983 UaV 

1849 &'?3„"i3.3 100.514 39,109 

1S50 653,823 10.3,210 34,776 

Tear^. Wheat— biiBhels. Corn— bij^tielB. Oal?— busliels. 



1S46 983,923.., 

1847 947,598.. 

1648 723.694.. 

1849 94,5,465.. 

1850 1,10.3,206.. 



66.5,173 359.942 

1,093.264 809.171 

1,303.818 827.734 

1.2S.3,692 4'24.S16 

1,163,666 401,396 



Annual inspections of tobacco, all American, from 1889 to 
1850 inclusive : 

years Hb.l!., Yean. Hli.la. Tears. lili.h. 

18.89 2,5.53 1843 6.733 1«47 6.934 

1840 5.298 1844 4.418 ISIS 3.21S 

1841 6,210 1845 4,1-83 1S49 4,451 

1843 8,540 1846 2,637 1850 8,745 

The imports of cotton, ]847-,50, were— in 1847, 41,88.5 
bales; in 1848, 41,516; in 1849, 45 393 ; in 1860. 60,944 bates. 

Foreio't Cwnmfrcf. — In foreign commerce Pltiladelpbia 
is now the third city in ttie Union. 

The following Rtatement, prepared from nffleial dooii- 
ment3, eviiibits the value of the imports anrnially into the 
port of riiil^ntelphia, and the duties accruing to the United 
States from 1S30 to 1351 inclusive: 
674 



Years. 



1830 . . $9,525..S93 . . $3,537,816 1841 . . $9,948,593 . . $1,983,682 
1831.. 11,67.3,755.. 4,372,526 1842.. 6,201.177.. 1,S1«,843 
1832.. 10,048,1§5,.. 3,500,293 
1SS3.. 11.153,757.. 2,936,096 
lS:i4 .. 10,636,078 . . 2,1 1 0,477 
1336.. 11,868,529.. 2,501,621 
1836. . 16,116.625. . 8,146.453 
18-37.. 10,1.30,838.. 1,820,993 
1388.. 10,417,815.. 2.109,955 
1839.. 14,763,539.. 2,884,93* 
1840.. 8,624,484., 1,617,207 1861. .12,795,440. . 8,078,124 
Foreign. ArrivaU.—TIhe following table exhibits the total 
numl)er of arrivals from foreign comilries in each year from 
18-36 to 1351 inclusive: 



1843.. 4.916.535. 


1,4-37,833 


1844.. 8..310,S65. 


2,981,578 


1845.. 7,491,497. 


2,870,616 


If46.. 8.308.615. 


2,60S.rtt>3 


1847.. 12.153,937. 


2,904.743 


1848.. 10,700,865. 


2,767,4S9 


1&19.. 10,100,479.. 


2.694,245 


1350.. 13.381,759. 


8,412.240 



Year.. 


Arr. 


Years. 


-Arr. 


Tears. 


Air. 


Tears. 


Arr. 


18-36.. 


..421 


1840... 


...456 


1844... 


. . .472 


1S4S.. 


..W3 


1&37.. 


..409 


1841... 


. . .504 


1848... 


...837 


1819.. 


..5^5 


1833.. 


..464 


1842... 


...4,54 


1846... 


...459 


1850.. 


..513 


1839.. 


..521 


1843... 


. . .372 


1847... 


...667 


1851.. 


..576 



Exports. — The number of clearances for foreign countries 
during the two fiscal years, 1843-49, and 1S49-60, each end- 
ing June 30, were as follows: 



1848-49. 



1849 W. 



Ves,-. Tuna. Men. D<iy8. Vess. Toita, Me.. Boys. 
American.. .360.. 9:!.322.. 3,806.. 93 309. .81,276.. 8,1 89.. 133 
Foreign. ..179. .27,005. .1,417. .15 170. .30,.342. .1,430.. '36 

Total. . .539.120.827. .5,228.113 479.11 1,618. .4,669. .169 

Mrports 0/ Sreadstujfs. — These, with meat pronsions, and 
manufactures of iron and wool, constitute the greater [H>rlioa 
of the exports. The following is a staletnent of the exports 
of wheat flour, corn meal, wheat, and com, from 1381 to 
18.51 inclusive: 



Years. 

1831.. 

1832.. 

1833.. 

18-34., 

18.35., 

1336, 

1337, 

1833, 

1SR9, 

1810, 

1841, 

1842, 

1S4:B, 

1844, 

1345. 

1816. 

1847, 

1848. 

1849. 

1n50. 

1861. 



Wheat flour. Con meal. 



bl.t,*. 

2.59,785.. 

151.917.. 

l:?2.022.. 

87.905.. 

90,098.. 

67,113.. 

33,630.. 

69,622.. 

191,.3S0.. 

284.774. . 

19,5.5,55.. 

161.866.. 

12S,.517.. 

196.4.33.. 

201,956.. 

860,610.. 

420,684.. 

179,507.. 

220.786.. 

83.024.. 

299.466.. 



bill: 



Wheat, 
bu-b. 



61.2«2. 
2,253. 



2,908. 



. 45.632.. 
. 50..32S.. 
. 81.903.. 
. 50,018.. 
. 60,869.. 

,. 42,798 — 

.. 63,803 — 

. 64.002 — 

. 78,800 87.881 

. 89.486 280,047 

.108.822 56,571 

. 97,884 87.9,58 

.106,484 82.235 

.101,856 33,875 



.115.101.. 
.144,357., 
.800,531 . 
.140,014. 
. 91.819., 
. 94,334 
. 0.5,385. 



... 86.089.... 
...245,136.... 
...528,588.... 
...207,092.... 
...177.812.... 
...205,670.... 
...225,201.... 



43,293 

48,359 

66.703 

81 ,.526 

25,467 

19.11T 

21,486 

17,087- 

17.117 

76.749 

80.266 

88,722 

74.613 

110.063 

129.256 

279,820 

102,210 

817,150 

906,823 

602,680 

864,546 



Tlie exports of rye flour in the same years were as follows 

K. 11. 



Years, 

1831 8,433 

1832 13,040 

1833 27.939 

1834 2.3.795 

1835 21.033 

1,8'!6 27,429 

1887 17.276 



Ye«r». 

1888.. 



K. flour 
bbls. 
...14,211 

1889 24..527 

1840 86.471 

1841 26.866 

1342 22.530 

1843 22.3 3 

1844 21,904 



It, flour 
bbl.. 



Years. 

1846 17.095 

1346 19,780 

1347 20,407 

1843 1.5„537 

1849 26,.536 

1350 26.054 

1351 10,505 



Tonnage for the two fiscal years 1848-9 and 1849-50, also 
in 1851, which, though not from any official documents, is 
doubtless correct: 



PHI 



PHI 



TONNAGE OF PHO-ADELPurA. 

n^Kisteretl Enrolled nn.l Liceased Total 
Ton^, 9jlliB. ■ Tons, yollia. Tona. y.Mlig. 

OnJuneS0,lS49....6S.S21 91. ...134,265 25.. ..188,087 21 
" 1S50.... 64,205 10. ...142,292 "2. .. .206,497 62 
" ISol.... — .... — ....222,428 90 

Classification and employment of tonnage on June 80, 
1S49, and June 30, 1850: 

JIEGI8TEUED TONNAGE. 

Ferinarieut T'=''H|iorarj' Tot.il 



Tons. >)5lha. 

Jonc SO, 1849.... 40,34.3 26. 

1850....46,.3Si 91. 



..13.478 Co.... 53,821 91 
..17,820 14.... 64.200 10 



Of the above, in 1850, GG tons were propelled by steam ; in 
1849 noae. 

ENROLLED AND LICENSED TONNAGE, 

Permanent Temporary C-i.aal Trade St'm Nllv'n 
Tons. 9")tli5. Ton.*. ?.illis. Tons. 4.=itli... Tons, 'l.ntl.s, 

June 80,1849.. 121,722 85. .9,5.30 93. .131.253 S3. .13,631 22 
" 1360.. 1.36,577 23.. 2,581 87.. 139,159 15.. 15,475 56 

The amount " licensed under 20 tons" in 1S49 was 3,011 
tons ; in 1S50, 3,134— .all in the coasting trade. 

Vessels built in the district of Philadelphia in the two 
fiscal years, 1S4S-49, and 1849-50, each ending June 30: 

Yenrs. Slips. Brijs. S.l.-r,. ^'^P'soJ ^leam. Total 

^ canal l> ts bonis. Vessels. Tona. 

1S4S-49 8 2.... 26 102.... 9. ...142.... 13,741 

1849-60 7 1....S4 107.... 17.... 1G6.... 18,150 

Siiwmary of NimgnUon.—yhe following table exhibits 
the tolal arrivals of vessels at Philadelphia in each year, 
from 18.35 to 1S51 inclusive. Their separate divisions into 
foreign and coastwise vessels are previously given under 
tlieir proper heads of domestic trade and foreign com- 
merce ; 



' Tears. 

1847 18,726 

1848 24,463 

1849 2.5.169 

1850 27,553 

1851 27,060 



Yeara, , Yeara. 

18:35 4,002 I 1841 9.7.50 

1S36 4,185 1 1842 8,427 

1K57 8,185 1.843 8,031 

1838 11.:H4 18H 8,189 

1839 11,709 1845 S.416 

1S40 10,162 11846 6,477 

Poin,r<itinn.— In 1749. the cily proper had 7,391 inhabit- 
anJ.s, and 1.864 dwellings : Soulhwark 695 populalion, 150 
dwellinss; Northern Liberlies 2H, 62 dwellings. In 1750, 
eity 7,6:35. In 1777, the British (ihen in possiasion of the 
city, which had decreased in populalion by the war) took 
the census of the city, S.mthwark, and the iforthem Liber- 
ties, and found their united populalion 23,734, dwellinaB 
6,985. In 1790. by U. 8. census, the city, 28,622 ; South- 
wark, 6,661 ; unincorporated Northern Liberties, 8 837— 
total 42,620. 

Population of Philadelphia, cily and county, from 1800 to 
1850 inclusive: 

■'"I'- 'SIO. I8:0. 1830. If^o. IffiO. 
'ddphia.'!."."!"**'--" '^■''-'^ ''8'^''2 80,458 93,66.5 121,417 
SOOTH OF CITY AND E.IST OF SCHOVLKILL KIVEB. 
Southwark.... 9.621 13,707 14,713 2ii,740 27 546 88 799 
M.iyamensing.. 1.592 2,887 3.963 6,822 14 573 ''6"979 

I''"*5""''^ 8«* 992 1.6:33 1,441 1,694 1,607 

NORTH OP CITY AND EAST OF SCnuvLKtLL ElVER. 

Unineorp' N. 
Liberlies 



Jf. Liberties. 
Spring Garden* 
Kensington* . . 
Penn Dislrict*. 
Richmond* . . . 
PcnnTuwuship* 
Oxford 



} 16,970 21.t«8 1,810 2.456 8,332 



I. .51 3 



1,933 

19.678 28,923 .34.474 47,223 

— 3.498 11.141 27.849 68!895 

— 7,11s 13,:}26 22,:314 46,770 
~ — — — 8,9311 
~ — — — 6.840 

8,793 3.105 2,507 8,842 2,687 

973 1.315 1,602 1,682 1.787 





I.SOO, 


ISIO. 


ISiO. 


18:!0. 


1910. 


1.S.50. 


Frankford 


— 


1,2.33 


1,405 


1,637 


2.376 


5,34S 


Lower Dublin. 


1,485 


2,194 


2*640 


2,705 


8,298 


4,297 


Byberry 


679 


765 


876 


1,018 


1,055 


1,130 


Moreland 


362 


400 


44;j 


413 


469 


493 


Bristol 


771 


965 


1,257 


1,425 


1,7:34 


2,230 


Germantown.. . 


8.220 


4,243 


4,311 


4,642 


5,482 


8,336 


Koxborough... 


1,043 


1,253 


1,682 


3,a34 


5,797 


2,660 


Manuyunk ... 


— 


— 


_ 


— 





6.210 


Bridesburg 


— 


— 


— 


— 


— 


916 


.'Vraming< 


— 


— 


— 





. 


694 


Whilehall 


— 


— 


— 


— 


— 


489 




■WEST 


OF THE 


SCntTTLKILL. 






Blockley 


1,091 


1,018 


2.656 


8,401 


8,313 


.5.910 


W.Philadelphia 


— 


— 


— 


— 


2,896 


6.570 


Kingessing..., 


634 


903 


1,183 


1,068 


1,:!:39 


1,773 



" Formerly a part of the .Vortl.ern LiLjerlies. 



Total 81,005 111,210 137,097 188,961 263,037 409,045 

Biatorical Sketcli.—Kil. The colony of Swedes which had 
previously been settled on the Delaware Qjiy, arrived here 
and took possession. 1077. First Swede's Church built. 
1681. The State was granted to William Penn by James IL 
king of England, and in same year the first settlers arrived 
from London. 1682. William Pena arrived. 1633. City 
laid out, and tirst post established to Newcastle. 16S4. 
Pop. 2,500. 1685. First two Friends' Meeting-houses erected. 
1086. Additional colonists arrived ^Bapli^ts). 1695. Christ 
Church Society (Episcopal) organized, also first Presbyterian. 
1698. First Baptist Church erected. 1700. Second Swede 
Church (now standing) built, and poslHiflJce established. 
1701. Philadelphia incorporated into a eity. 17Ui. First 
Market (High SU) built. 1719. "American Weekly Mercury," 
published by Andrew Bradford. 1723. " Pennsylvania 
Gazette," published by S. Keiner, subsequently by Dr. 
Frankliu. 1727. Christ Church (now standing) commenced, 
finished in 1753. 1729. Independence Hall commenced, 
completed in 17:34. 1731. Philadelphia Library Co. organ- 
ized, opened in 17.32, with books brought from London. 
17:58. First Fire Co. originated. 1743. Ainerit-an Philo- 
sophical Society organized. 1751. Pennyslvania Hospilal 
incorporated. 1763. Daily delivery of letters by carriers 
introduced. 1754. Tri-weekly post established to New York 
City. 1755. University of Pennsylvania (from 1760 an 
academy) erected into a college, in 1779 into an university. 
1706. Medical Department of University established. 1771. 
•'Pennsylvania Packet" issued weekly, in 1784 ihiilii, first 
in U. S. 1774, Sept. 4th. First Colonial Congress assembled. 
1776. July 41h, 2 p. m. Declaration of Independence read 
from the steps of the Hall. Autumn of same year. Congress 
retired to Baltimore. 1777, Sept. 26lh. Cily taken by the 
British. 1780, March 15th. American Philosophical Society 
fully established. 1781. Bank of North America chartered 
by Congress. 1787, 17th May. Convention met. 17th Sept 
following, agreed upon a Cjitstilulioii for U. S. In 17^3 and 
'98. Yellow lever prevailed. 1739. College of Physicians 
charlercl. 1789. Present City Hall erected. 1791. Lan- 
caster Turnjiike Co. chartered, finished in liiur years. 1794. 
Southwark incorporatid. 1801. Na .y yard located. 1S08. 
First Hose Co. 1804. Germantown Perkiomen Turnpike Co 
[■bartered, completed in two years. 1S17. Medical Institute 
founded. 1809. Mascmic Hall erected. 1820. Musical Hall 
finished. IS'22. Fairmouut Water-works completed. 1S26. 
House of Refuge incorporated. 1829. U. S. Mint building 
commenced. 18:3:3. Girard College corner-st<ine laid, com- 
menced 1st Jan., 1848. 1836. Gas works erected. 

PuiLADELPHiA, p. v., Uaucock CO., In<l.: on Su^ar cr. 
and the Indiana Central K. E., 14 ra. E. Indianapolis. 

PniLADELPuiA, p. v., Marion co.. Mo.: 85 m. N. by E, 
Jetfersou City. 

PjiiLAOELPHiA, p. v., and cap. Neshoba ca, J/ms.- about 
4 m. S. of Pearl r., 67 m. K. N. E. Jackson, it contjiins a 
court-house and jail, and 200 inliabilanls. 
I'lULAiiELpuiA, U and p. v., Jefferson co. N. Y. : 138 m. 

675 



^ 1 



PHI 

N. W. Albany. Dniined by Indinn r. and branches. Sur- 
face roIliiiE; and well tinibcTc'd ; soil clayey or sandy loam, 
and mostly ftrtile. The Watertown and P<ttsdam E. K. 
crosses iL Ttie v. is on luOian r., where arc several mills. 
Pop. of t 1.915. 

Pui LADE LI' I HA, p. V., Van Buren county, la. : on tlie Dca 
Moines, at the mouth of Lick creek, (Jl m. S. S. W. Iowa 
City. 

PniLADELPiriA, p. V. and s!a., Mimroe co., Terin. : on the 
Eiist Tenmesset! and Geor-jia K. It,, 6 m. S. of Loundon, 
133 m. K. by S. Nashville. 

PinLADELi'Uus, p. o., Kobeson co,, ^. Car. : CS m. S. S.W. 
Raleigh 

PiiiLANTiinoPT, p. 0., Butler co., OMo: 9S m. W. S. "W, 
Columbus. 

PniLiPs county, AH: Situate E., and contains 755 sq. m. 
Brained by St. Francis r. and its chief tributary, Lanquille r.. 
and by branch of White r. Surface varied, but in general 
13 level, in the S. the land is low and subject to inundation ; 
soil, where capable of culiivation, is fertile, and very pro- 
ductive, a dry sandy loam prevailing in IheN. It is bound- 
ed on the E. by tlie Mississippi. Farms 409 ; nianuf. 13 ; 
dwell. 809, and pop.— wh. 4,341, fr. col. 8, si. 2,591— toUil 
6,935. C<ipiUil: Helena. PaWicirorAv*; Soalhern Paciflc 
E. R. (proposed.) 

Philips, t. and p. v., Franklin co.. Me. : 46 m. N. W. Au- 
gusta. Drained by Sandy r., a W. br;mch of the Kennebec, 
affording water-power. Surface somewhat broken; soil 
very productive and well wooded. Pop. of 1. 1,673. 

PniupSBiTEG, v., Warren co., JV. Jer. : on the E. side of 
Delaware r., opposite Easton. It is the terminus of the New 
Jersey Central R. K., and 7S m. W. by that line from New 
Turk. The Belvidere-Dola^vare R. R will also have its N. 
terminus at this ptiint Considerable business centres here, 
and the place bas a fine prospect of becoming- a station of 
some consequence. 

PniLiPSBaRG, p. v., 'TefTerson county, O?iio : on the Ohio, 
opposite Wellsburg, Virg., 122 m. E. by N, Columbus. 

PmuPSBUBO, p. v., Centre co., Penn. : on Mushanon cr., 
20 m. S. of its entrance into the W. branch of Susquehanna 
r., S2 m. N. W. by W. Hnrrisburg. The cr. is navigable to 
the v., which contains several stores^ mills, and manufac- 
tories of various kinds of iron-ware. 

PniLiPRi'OP.T, p. v., Sullivan co., y. Y.: on the Delaware 
and Hudson Canal, 26 m. N. E. Port Jervis, 77 m. S. S. W. 
Albany. 

PuiLiPSTOWN, p. v., White CO., II?. : about 5 m. W, of 
Wabash r., 14S m. S. E. by S. Springfield. 

PniLiPSviLLE, p. v., Alleghany co.» 2^. T. : on Genesee r., 
212 m. W. by S. Albany. It contains several mills, and is 
33 m. S. W. of Ilornellsville, on the Erie R. R. 

PiiiLLippA, p. v.. and cap. Barbour co,, Virg. : on the E. 
fork of Monnngahela r., 174 m. N. W. Richmond. It con- 
tains an academy, the county buildings, several stores and 
mills, and 850 inhabitants. 

PniLLiPs' Creek, p. c, Alleghany co., y. T. : 21S m. 
W. by S. Albany. 

PiiiLLiPSTON, t and p. v., Worcester co., Mass. : 5S m. 
W. by N. Boston. Drained by heads of Ware and Swift 
rivers, which move several mills and factories. Surface 
hilly ; soil adapted chiefly to grazing. Pop. of t. 809. 

Phillipsvtlle, p. v., Erie co., Penn. : 9 m. S. of Lake 
Erie, 19S m. N. W. Ilarrisl'Urg. 

PuiLL'e Creek, p. o., Jersey co,, III. : on a 9. branch of 
Macoupin cr., 55 m, S. W. by S. Springfleld. Name changed 
lo Fidelity. 

PiiiLMouNT, sta., Cc^lumbia co., A1 Y. : on the Ilarlem 
R. R., 81 m. S. of East Albany. 
PuiLo, p. o., Muskingum co., Ohio : 85 m. E. Columbus. 
Philomath, p. o., Oglethorpe CO., Oa. : 5S ra. N. by E. 
MiUedgeville. 

Philomath, p. v.. Union county, Iiul.: 57 m. E. by S. 
Indianapolis. 
676 



^ PIC • 

PniLoiioNT, p. o., Lou'flon co., Virg.: 94 m. N. by W. 
Richmond. 

PiHLOPOLis. p. v., Baltimore co., Md. : on the W. side of 
Great Gunpowder Falls, 84 ni. N. by W. Annapolis. The 
v. is built of stone, and contains a flourishing school. The 
Baltimore and Susquehanna R. R, passes J m. W. of it 
Pop. 200. The adjacent district abounds in limestone, is 
highly cultivated, and inhabited by Friends mostly. 

Puipp's Mills, p, c, Venango county, Pemi.: 1G4 m, 
N. W. by W. llarrisburg. Here is a furnace of 1,200 tons 
annual capacity. 

PmpsurRG, t. and p, v., Lincoln co., Me. : on the Atlantic, 
at the mouth of Kennebec r., W. side, 37 m. S. Augusta. 
Il consists of a long, narrow peninsula, with New Meadow 
bay on the W., and several islands ; has superior facilities 
for navigation, and is largely engaged in ship-building, the 
coasting trade, and flsheries. The v. is on the Kennebec, 
and has a good harbor. Pop, of t. 1,S05. 

Pu(EXix.p. v.,Oswegoco., A*". 1'; on the E. side of Oswego 
r., and on the Oswego Canal, 17 m. N. W. of S>Tacuse, 130 m, 
W. N. W. Albany. It contains a half dozen stores, as many 
mills, and 450 inhabitanLs. 

Pu(EMx, p. o., Armstrong ca, Penn. : ISS m. W. by N, 
Harrisburg. 

Pn(ENix, p. o., Edgefleld district, S. Car. : 6S m. W. 
Columbia. 

PiKENixviLLE, p. v., Chester co., Penn.: on the W. side 
of Schuylkill r., and S, side of French cr. at their con- 
fluence, 72 m. E. 8. E. Harrisburg. It is supplied with good 
water-power, and extensively engaged in the manufacture 
of iron and iron-ware. It has tliree furnaces uf 18,000 tons 
annual capacity, which use steam, and in 1S49 made 
8,025 tons of iron ; a nail factory, using water-power, which 
made 1,800 tons of nails; a rail-mill, using steam, which 
made 5.7(53 tons of railroad iron, and a rolling-mill, us'mg 
steam and water, and capable of making 5,300 tons of bar 
and sheet iron per annum. In these wer« employed 878 
men and boys. It has also several factories and mills, and 
a population of 2,6(57. It is 27 m. N. W. of Philadelphia, on 
the Philadelphia and Reading Railroad, and Schuylkill 
Navigation Canal. 

PniENixviLLE, p. v., Windham county, Conn. : 31 m. E. 
Hartford. 

PiASA, p. 0., Macoupin co., III. : at the bead of Big Plasa 
cr.. 5-1 m. S. S. W. Springfield. 

Piatt county, Ili. Situate E. centrally, and contains 42T 
sq. m. Drained by Sangamon river. Surface undulating; 
soil fertile, producing wheat and Indian com. It has some 
prairies, and good timber hmd. Farms 168; manuf. 2; 
dwell. 157, and i>op.— wh. 1,600, ft. cnl. 0— total 1.606. Cap- 
iUd: Monticello. Public }Yvrks: Great Western Central 
Railroad. 

PicATL-KE, p. o,, Henderson co., PL: 10 m. E. of the 
Mississippi, 89 m. N. W. Springfield. 

Pickaway county, Ohio. Situate S. centrally, and con- 
tains 542 sq. m. Scioto river passes through it centrally, by 
which and its branches it is drained. Surface even ; soil a 
fine, deep, vegetable mold, and very fertile. Chief pro- 
ductions, wheat and Indian corn. It has fine pasturage, and 
large numbers of eattle, sheep, and hogs are fattened and 
sent to the eastern mai'ket-s. Farms 1,261 ; manuf. 71 ; dwell. 
3.6U0, and pop,— wh. 20,595, fr. col. 413— total 21,008. Cap- 
ital: Circleville. Pahlic Works: Cincinnati, Wilmington, 
and Zanesville R. R. ; Ohio Canal, etc. 

Pickaway Plains, p. o., Monroe co., Virg. : ISl ul W. 
Rielunond. 

Pjckkns county, Ala. Situate W. toward the N., and 
conUiius 9S5 sq. m. Tombigbee river passes through tlie 
S. W. portion, by which and its branches it is drained. Sur- 
face undulaliuE ; soil furtile, and adapted to cotton, which is 
the staple. Good crops of wheat and corn are produced, 
and a quaniity of live-stock fattened. Part of the land is 
woinied. Farms 1.48S; manuf. 84 ; dwell. 1,896, and pop.— 



^' 



PIC 



PTK 



wh. 10.972, fr. col. 6, si. 10,5;^— toUil 21,512. Cujntal: 
Carrol lion. 

PiCKKNS district, S. 'Cur. Situ.ate N. W., and oontnins 
997 sq. ra. Drained by St-neca river and its brancUes, it 
being a tributary of Tugaloo river. Surface hilly and 
muuutainous ; soil fi?rtile, nialiing fine gr;iang land, and 
adapU'd «Li the ctilture of grain. Chief iirudiietions, t'otlon, 
tobacco, wheat, and Indian corn. Farms l,2ol ; nianuf. 28 ; 
dwell. 2,23'-', and pop.— wh. 13,105, fr. ml. 120, si. S.67!f— 
total 10,904:. Capital :Vick^i:n&. Pablic Wbrk-s: Kabun Gap 
K. K. (proposed.) 

PiouF.NS C. H., p. v., and cap. Pickens disf., S. Car. : on 
the W.sideof Keoweer.,anaftlui'ntof the t*avannah, 12S in. 
N. W. by W. Culunibia. It contains a court-house, jail, 
aoadenjy, a half dozen stores, and 800 inhabilanta. The 
" Keowee Courier" (dem.) is published weelvly. 

VicKENSviLLE, p. V., Picki.'ns county, Alu.: on tho E. 
gido of Tondjigbeo river, 126 miles W. N. W. Muiitj^oiu- 
cry. It couLains an academy, a dozen stores, and 27G 
inhabitants. 

PicKENSviLLE, p. V., Plckcns dist., S. Car. : UG m. N. "W", 
Coltiml'ia. ■ 

PiruBaiNG, p. o., Chester co., I'enn.: 6S m. E. by S. 
Harrisburg. 

PirKiiniNGTos, p. v., Fairfield CO., Ohio: 14 m. E. S. E. 
Columbus. Pop. ISO. 

PiooLATA, p. v., St. J'-hn's CO., F^or. : on the E. bank of 
St. J<thn's r., 171 m. E. by S. Tallahassee. 

PiKUMONT, p. v., Harris co., Ga. : about 6 ra. E. of Chat- 
tahoochee r., 109 m. W. by S. Milledgeville. 

Piedmont, sta., Alleghany co., Md.: 23 m. W. of Cum- 
berland, on the Baltimore and Oliio E. R. 

PiKRCc county, Wise. Situate W., and contains 640 sq. m. 
Drained by Trimble, Rush, and Isabella rivers; the two lat- 
ter flowing into Lake Pepin, which forms part of its S. 
boundary, and the former into the Mississippi on its S. E. 
border. Surface varied ; soil in parts fertile, but particularly 
so on Uie river boitonis. which are very productive. It is 
well limbered with pine and other forest tree.s. This 
county 11.13 recently been erected from the S. portion of 
St. Croix. 

PiRiiPE, p. 0., Armstrong co., Penn.: 13S m. W. N. W. 
Harri>burg. 

PiEKMOST, p. V. and sta.. Rockland m.. X ]": .- on "W. 
bank oflliidson r.. 115 ni. S. by W. Ail-any, 24 ni. N. by E. 
New Yi>rk. It is t>f recent growth, constqueut ui>on lis se- 
lection as the K. terminus of the Erie R. It. wiiliiu the State 
of JV". i: It derives its name from the P. R. pier. 1 m. long, 
and the abrupt hill (the N. termination of the Paliaailes), 
upon which it is situated. It eonlaifis 2 churches, some 
stores, and hotels. Its hnsinesa is for the most part directly 
connected with the Erie R. R., which has here largo dcp6ts, 
car-houses, machine shops, etc. * Pop. about 1,000. 

PinaMosT. sta.. Orange co., Vfnii. : on Connecticut river, 
about 2 ni. below the mrtuth of Wait's r.. opposite the village 
of Piermoiit. K Ilamp., 26 m. N. of White River Junction, 
on the C<)nnecllcut and Passumpsic Rivera R. R. 

PiEHMONT, t and p. o.. Grafton co.. a: ITamp.: on the 
Coiint-cticut, 5S m. X. W. by N. Concord. Sev^-ral pomis 
in the E. feed a fine mill-sifHam flowing into the river. Sur- 
face elevated in the E.. and soil supt^rior pasture. On the 
r. are bro.id rich meadows. Farming is the leading busi- 
ness. Pop. 918. 

Pikhi'ont, t. and p. o., St. Lawrence co., K. Y. : 1.39 m. 
N. W. by N. Albany. Drained by Racket and Grasse r. 
Surface bndcen and heavily timbered ; soil clayey loam. 
Grazing 1a a leaiHng interest. Pop. 1,459. 

PiKr.i'ONT. t. and p. o., Ashtabula co., Ohio : on the State 
lino, 172 m. N. E. C'olumbus. Drained by heads of Ashta- 
bula r. Surface slightly broken; soil excellent grass laud. 
Pop. 9:19. 

PiKRuKPosT, sta., Jefferson CO., IT. Y. : on tho "Water- 
town and l^juie E. R.. IS m. S. of Watertown. 



PiEaKEi'ONT Manor, ]). o., Jefferson co., N. Y. : 133 m. 
N. W. by W. AIb.iny. 

PirFAUD, p. o., Livingston co., K, Y.: 193 m. "W. by N. 
Albany. 

Pigeon river. Big, X. Car. and Temt. : rises in Haywood 
CO.. jV. Car., and flows in N. N. W. course, to its confluence 
with French Broad river, near Newimrl, 7't.-/ine.\s,.'t'. 

PiGKON Creek, p. 0., Ralls co., JUa. : on a N. branch of 
Salt r., 79 m. N. N. E. Jefferson City. 

Pigeon' FoR(fE, p. v., Sevier co., Tenn.: on a S. branch 
of Nolichucky r., Isl m. E. by S. Nashville. 

PrcKON GiiovE, p. o., Columbia co., U7.\e, 

Pigeon River, p. o., Haywood county, JK Car. : on a S. 
brancli of the Nolichucky so called, 247 lu. W. Raleigli. 

Pigeon lioosT, p. o., Choctaw co., Jli^is.: 96 ni. N. N. E. 
JaeUson. 

Pigeon Run, p. o., Campbell co., rirg.: 93 m. W. S. W, 
Ricbmoud. 

Pike county, ^^a. Situate toward the S. E.,and contains 
99(i sq. m. Conecuh r. passes centrally through it, by 
which and its branches it is tlrained. Surlace uudulaiing; 
soil fertile, and well adapted to cotton, the principal produc- 
tion of tlie CO. Agriculture is the leading pursuiL Farma 
1,53:3 ; manuf. 5 ; dwell. 1,973, and pop.— wb. 12,102, fr. col. 
24, sla. 3,7114— total 15.921). Capital: Troy. I'ubUc Works: 
Girard and Mobile R. R. 

Pike county, ^!/-X-. Situate toward the S. W., and con- 
tains 545 sq. ra. Drained by branches of Little Missouri r. 
Surface uneven ; .soil fertili-, and adapted Lo grazing. Some 
cotlon is produced. Farms 207 ; maniii; 2 ; dwell. 3i)G. and 
pop.— wli. 1,751, fr. col. 0, sla. 110— total 1,801. Capital: 
Zchiilon. 

Pike county, G'l. Situate W. centrally, and contains 883 
.sq. m. Flint r. runs on its W. bonier, by brandies of which 
it is drained. Surface hilly; soil fertile, and well adapted to 
cotton, which is the chief production. Wheat, corn, and 
potatoes are raised in large quaniities. Apples, pears, and 
other friiiis are also proilaeed in the co. Pine and other tim- 
ber is grown iu the land. It contains .some minerals. Farms 
Sii7; raanuf. 21; dwell. 1.474, and pop.— wh. S,iiSO, fr. col. 
t)l, sla. 5,55S— total 14,305. Capital: Zebulon. I'uUic 
Wcrks : Macon and Western R. K. 

Pike county. III. Situate W., and contains 735 sq. m. 
Drained by allluents of llbnois r., which bounds it on the E., 
and of the Mississippi, which forms its W. boundary, and 
which supply go(»d water-power. Surface level, and in tho 
W. low ; soil fertile. Chief productitms wheat and Indian 
corn. Pork and beef are exported. Pine and orher timber 
abound. Farms 1,3S2; manuf. 37; dwell. 3,152, and pop.— 
•wh. 18.7S5, fr. col. 34— total 1S.S19. Capital: Pitlsfield. 

Pike county, Ind. Situate S. W., and contains .323 sq. m. 
Drained by Paloka cr. and its S. branch. Surface rolling; 
soil generally fertile, being a deep and rii-h loam, and very 
jiroduetive ; in thu etuiieru portion it U indilTerent, and cov- 
ered with limber. Chief productions wiieat, Indian corn, 
and tobacco. Pork and beef are exported. It contains fine 
beds of coal. Farms 9li9 ; manuf. 2 ; dwell. 1,261, and pop. 
— wli. 7.710, fr. col. 10— total 7.720. Cipital: Petersburg. 
I'nhlir. Works: Wabash and Erie Canal. 

Pike county, Ay. Situate E„ and contains 563 sq. m. 
Drained by W. fork of Big Sandy river and its branches. 
Surface hilly ami in pans mountainous, the Cumberland 
Uaiige bounding it on the S. E. ; soil in general fertile. 
Chief proiluction'* cotton, tobacco, and Indian com. Farms 
44S; mauuf. 5; dwell. 905, and pop.— wh, 5,250, fr. col. 17 
si. 9S— U)tal 5.3ti5. Capit^d: IMketon. 

Pike county, J//*9. Situate S. toward the W., and con- 
tains S46 .sq. m. Drained by Bogue Chiltf) river and ha 
branches, and Tangiapaho r., which enters Lake Pontchar- 
train in /."., the Uiijoiniug State. Surface even ; soil fertile, 
and adapted to the growth of rice and cotton, whi<di are tho 
chief prodiielionsof Iheco. Farms 55S ; manuf. 19; dwell. 
69^. and poj).— wh. 4,225, fr. coL 33, sU. 3,102— total 7,860 

677 



PIK 



PIN 



Capital : HolmesvUle. Public Works ; Kew Orleans, 
Jackstm, and Northern R. K. 

PiKi: county, Mo. Siaiaie E. toward the N., and contains 
5S0 sq. m. Drained by brandies of Cuivre river in the S., 
and by Salt river, which runs through its N. E. portion and 
falls into ihe Mississippi, the K. boundary of the co. Sur- 
face unduialing; s<iil ft-rlilL-, favtjrable to the growth of to- 
bacco, which ia a principal jiroduction. Sugar and Indian 
corn are produced largely. Farms 9S9; manuf. 47 ; dwell. 
1,671, and pop.— wh. 10,229, fr. col. 35, si. 3,275— total 13,609. 
Capitul : Bowling Green. 

Pike county, Ohio. Situate S., and contains 502 sq. in- 
Drained by Scioto r. and ils branches. Surface varied, in 
some parts being hilly, but in general level; soil rich and 
productive. Staples wheat and Indian corn. Timber is 
abundant. Farms 731 ; manuf. 2S ; dwell. 1,935, and pop. 
— -wh. 10.334, fr. col. 619— total 10,953. Capital: Piketon. 
Public Works : Cincinnati, llillsboro' and Parkersburg 
E. K. ; Bainbridge Branch K. K. ; Ohio Canal, etc. 

Pike county, Penn. Situate E. toward tlie N., and con- 
tains 569 sq. m. Drained by branches of Delaware river, 
which bounds it on the E. and N., and by Lackawa.\en 
river. Surface varied, for the most part it is mountainous 
and rough, but on the Delaware are some level bottoms; 
soil fertile on the streams, but in general poor. It has 
some extensive manufactures, and much benefit is derived 
from the water-power supplied by the streams. Farms 370 ; 
manuf. 40; dwell. 9&4. and pop.— wh. 5,692, fr. coL 1S9— 
total 5.ssl. Ciipitiil : Milford. PuUic Works : Kew York 
and Erie R. R. ; Delaware and Hudson Canal. 

Pike, t. and p. v., Wyoming co., -tV. Y. : 2IG m. W. 
All»any. Drained by W. allluL-nta of Genesee r. Surface 
rolling; soil rich mold and alluvium. "Wheat is a good 
croj), and the pastures are excellent. The v. is on "West Koy 
cr., and conlains a furnace, several mills, S or 10 stores, and 
about SOO inhabitants. Pop. of t. 2,003. 

PiKK, p. o., Washington county, Me. : 112 miles E. by N. 
Augusta. 

Pike, t. and p. o.. Perry county, Q7iio: 45 m. E. S. E. 
Columbus. Occupying the water-shed between the Hock- 
ing and Muskingum, it is drained by small altluents of botli, 
on which are good mill-sites. Surface varied ; soil generally 
very fertile. Pop. 2,146, 

Pike, l. and p. o., Bradford co., Penji, : 109 m. N. N. E. 
Harrishurg. Drained by Wyalusing creek, which supplies 
numerous water privileges. Surface broken ; soil gravelly. 
Lumber is a large export. 

Pike Creek, p. o., Kipley co., 3Io. : 139 m. S. E. by S. 
Jefferson City. 

Pike Mills, p. o., Potter co., Penn.: on Pine cr., IDS m. 
N. N. W. Ilarrisburg. 

Pike Pond, p. c, Sullivan county, N. Y. : S3 miles S. W. 
Albany. 

Pike Run, t. and p. o., Washington co., Peim. : 157 m. 
W. llarri<burg. Drained by Pike Run. an affluent of the 
Monongahela, which forms its E. boundary. Siirface diver- 
sified ; soil productive and well tilled. The National Koad 
crosses it 

PiKEsviLLE, p. v., Baltimore county, Md.: 7 m. N. W. 
Baltimore, 31 in. N. N. W. Annapolis. It contains an 
academy, and 250 inhabitants. A little S. of it is a U. S. 
Arsenal. 

PiKETOs, p. v., Marion county, /ml.: 8 miles N. W. 
Indianajiolis. 

Piketos, p. v. and cap., Pike co., Jli/. : on the W. fork 
of Big Sandy r., 139 in. E. by S. FranktbrL It contains a 
court-house, jail, academy, several stores and mills, and 600 
inhabitants. 

Piketon, p. v.. and cap. Pike co., O?tio: on the left bank 
of Sciot.> r.. 61 m. S. by E. Columbus. It is 24 m. above the 
mouth of the r.. on tlie opposite side of which is the Ohio 
Canal, and contains a court-house, jail, a dozen stores, and 
€90 inhabitants. The Cincinnati. Hilldboro'. and Parkcrs- 
673 



burg R. R. passes through it, 96 m. E. of Cincinnati. The 
"P. JonrnaP" (whig) is published weekly. 

Pike Township, p. o., Berks co., Penn. : on Manatawny 
creek, 61 m. E, by N. Harrisburg. Here are 2 forges, which 
in 1S49 made 240 tons ofblooms. 

Pike Vallev, p. o., Potter co., Penn. : 112 m. N. N. W. 
Harrisburg. 

PiKEviLLE. p. v., and cap. Marion co., Ala.: about 3 m. 
E. of Bullahalchife r., 143 m. N. W. Montgomery. It con- 
tains the CO. buildings, several stores, and 250 iidiabilants. 

PiKEViLLE, p. v., Chickasaw county, Mi&ti.: US ui, N. E. 
Jackson. 

PiKEViLLE, p. v., and cap. Bledsoe co., Tenn. : on the W. 
side of Sequatcby r., 92 m. E. S. E. Nashville. It contains 
the county buildings and 300 inhabitants. 

PiLATKA, p. v., and cap. Putnam co., Flor. : on the W. 
side of St. John's river, ITS m. E. S. E. Tallahassee. Lat 
29° 3S'. It is the place of re-shipment of the exports of the 
Upper St. John's and Ocklawaka rivers, and has regular 
steamboat connection with Savannah and Charleston, The 
exports arc sugar, cotton, rice, etc., for the production of 
which the cane-brake marshes of the St John's are so 
famous. It has recently been made a port of delivery. 

PiLciiER, p. o., Belmont co., Ohio: lOG m. E. Columbus. 

Pillar Point, p. o., Jefferson co., 2^. Y. : on a peninsula 
on the N. side of the mouth of Black r., 146 m. N.W. by W. 
Albany. 

Pillow, p. c, Dauphin co., Penn. 

PiLLOwviLLK, p. o., Weakly county, Tenn.: 104 m. W. 
Nashville. 

Pilot, p. v., Vermillion co., III. : 4 m. N. of Vermilllou 
river, 95 m. E. by N. Springfield. 

Pilot Gkove, p. o., Lee co., Ia. : 63 m. S. Iowa City. 

Pilot Gco-ve, p. o., Hancock co., lU.: 92 m. W. N. W. 
Springfield. 

Pilot Grote, p. o., Cooper co., Mo.: 44 m. W. N. W. 
Jefferson City. 

Pilot Grove, p. o., Grayson co., Tex. : on a small head 
stream of East Trinity r., 233 m. N. by E. Austin City. 

Pilot Hill, p. v., and cap. Fulton county, Ark. : 110 ra. 
N. by E. Little Rock. It contains the county buildings and 
several stores. 

Pilot Dill. p. c, Mason co.. Til. : 43 m. N.W. Springfield. 

Pilot Knob, St. Francois co., Mo. : 21 m. S. S. E. Potosi ; 
a mountain of iron, 1,500 feet high. See Missouri, p. 493, 

Pilot Knob, p. o., Todd co., A>. ; 153 m. S. W. by W. 
Frankfort. 

Pilot Knob, p. o., Crawford co., III.: 119 m. E. S. E. 
Springfield. 

Pilot Peak, ITtah Ter.: a h)fty peak in the range of 
mountains between Great Salt Lake and the Humboldt 
River Mountains. 

PiNCKNEY, p. v., Livingston co., Mich. : 30 m. S. E. by E. 
Lansing. 

PiNCiiNEY. p. v., Warren co., Mo.: ou the N. side of the 
Missouri, 51 in. E. by N. Jefierson City. 

PiNCKNEY, p. a, Williamson co., Tenn. : 24 m. S. by W. 
Nashville. 

PI^"CKNEY^^LLE, p. v., Tallapoosa co., Ala. : on the Hilla- 
bie Hatchie, a W. afliucnt of Tallapcmsa r., 52 m. N. N. E. 
Montgomery. 

PiNrKNKYviLi.E. p. V., Gwinuett CO., Ga. : on the S. side 
of ChatlaliooL-hie r., 91 m. N. W. Milledgcville. 

PiN(iKNKvviLi.n, p. v., and cap. Perry co., III.: on Big 
Beaucoup cr., a N. branch of Big .Muddy r., 124 ni. S. by E. 
Springfield. U conlains a court-house, jail, high-school, 
several stores, and 500 inhabitants. 

PiNCKNEYviLLE, p. V., Uni<m disL, S. Car.: on the W. 
side of Broad r., neiu: the mouth of Pacolet r., 66 m. N. X. W. 
Cohimliia. 

Pine Blufi-', p. v., and cap. Jefferson co., Ark. : on the 
right bank of Arkansas r., 36 m, S. S. E. Little Rock. It 
contaiua a court-house, jail, academy, and 460 inhabit- 



PIN 



PIN 



on Uie N. side of 
on an afllueut of 



ants. Corn an'l live-stock are sent (]o\s'n (ho r. fr-mi tliis 
point to a large aninunt. The " Arkansas Republican" 
(dern.) i3 published weekly. 

Pine Hluff, p. c, Callaway cc, Ki/. : 206 m. W. S. "W". 
Frankfort. 

Pine Bluff, p. o., Pane co., Witc. 

Pine Blitff, p. o., CopiaI\ co., Mi-'?s.: on a S. branch of 
Bayiiu Pierre. 33 m. S. W. Jackson. 

PisF, Bluff, p. v., Pulaski co., J/o. ; near the confluence 
of Big Piney fork and Gasconade r., 46 ni. S. Jefferson City. 

Pine Bluffs, p. o., Red River co., Tw.: on Red river, 
296 m. N. N. E. Austin City. 

PiNEBoRO", p. o., Marion co., F!or. : near the source of 
Oclawaha r., 1S7 m. S. E. Tallahassee. 

Pink Bi:0'>k, p. v., Morris co., N. Jer. 
Passaic r., 4S ra. N. E. by N. Trenton. 

Pine Cf.eek, p. o., Calhoun co,, Mich. 
the St. Joseph's, 53 m. S. W. Lansing. 

Pine Creek, p. o., Tioga co., Penn. : 9S m. N. by W. 
Barrisburg. 

Pine Creek, p. o., Ogle co., III. : on a "W". affluent of 
Euck r., 153 m. N. Sprinijjfleld. 

Pine Flat, p. c, Bossier parish, Ixi. : 195 m. N. "SV. 
B;iton Rouge. 

Pine Grove, p. o., SL Tammany par.. La.: on the E. 
Bide of Tangipahoa r., 47 m. E. Baton Rouge. 

Pine Grove, p. o., Steuben co., 2^. Y. : 153 m. W. by S. 
All)any. 

Pine Grove, p. 0., Gallia co., Ohio : 82 m. S. E. by 8. 
Columbus. 

Pine Grote, t. and p. v., Schuylkill co., Pejrn.: 81 m. 
N. W. Ilarrisburg. Drained by Swatara cr. and branches, 
which supply abundant water-power. Surface niountiuu- 
ous. and heavily timl)ered ; soil best fitted fur grazing. The 
v. is on the cr., along which a navigable feeder of the Union 
Canal extends S. W. to its junction, and a branch railroad 
N. to the Mine llill R. R. and the coal region. It contains 
a spacious basin for canal boats, 8 or 10 stores, and G12 in- 
habitants. A furnace of 1,200 tons capacity is 2 m. distant, 
and another of 1.900 tons G m. distnnt In 1S49, 7S.290 tons, 
and in lS5il, 62,S09 tons of anthracite coal were shipped 
from this point. The capital invested in the coal mines in 
this t, is $27,000 ; monthly wages paid, $2,024 ; annual pro- 
duct. $37,000. 

PiNF. Grote, p. o., Clark county, Ky. : 43 m. E. S. E. 
Frankfort. 

Pine Grote, p. o., "Wetzel county, Vir{/. : 219 m. N. "W. 
Richmond. 

Pine Grove Mills, p. o.. Centre co., P^rin. : on a branch 
of Bald Eagle cr., 61 m. N.W. by W. Ilarrisburg. Near the 
mills, in Huntingdon county, is a furnace of 1,S00 Ions 
capacity. 

Pise Hill. p. o., "WUcox county, Ala. : 53 m. W. S. "W. 
Montiromery. 

Pine Hill. p. c, York co., Penn. 

Pine Hill. p. v., Talbot co., Oa. : on Upatoi cr.. and near 
the Muscogee R. R., 92 m. W. S. W. Mi!lcdu"-villi'. 

Pine Hill, p, o., Washita par.. La.: 149 ni. N. N. W. 
Baton Pkouge. 

Pine Hill, p, 
Albany. 

Pine Utll, p. 
ProvidciK-e. 

Pine Hill, p. o., Rusk county, Tex. : 212 m. N. E. by E. 
Austin City. 

PisB Hook, p. v.. Grant county, Wisc^. : 73 ra. W. .S. "W. 
Madison. 

Pine Lake, p. o., Oakl.-md county, Mick.: 62 m. E. by S. 
Lansing. 

Pine Land, p. o., Meigs county, Tenn. : 115 m. E. 8. E, 
Nashville. 

Pine Level, p. c, Montgomery co., Ahu : near Ilie source 
of Coloiua cr., 26 ra. S. E. Montgomery. 



o., Ulster county, 2i'. Y. : 48 m. S. W. 
v., "Washington co., P. I.: 21 m. S. W. 



■ on the N. fork of Silver 



Ga.: 132 



N. W. 



Fauquier co., Ytrg. : 76 m. N. N. W. 



Pine Lipk, p. o., Clark co., I)ui. , 
cr.. 83 m. S. by E. Indianapohs. 

Pine Log, p. o., Cass county, 
Mitledgeville. 

Pine Meadow, p. o., Litchfield co., Cofin. 

Pine Plain, p. o., Montcalm co., Mich. : 39 ni. N. N. W. 
Lansing. 

Pine Plains, t. and p. v.,T>uches3 county, X. Y.: 44 m. 
S. by E. Albany. Drained by Chicomico and Wappinger's 
creeks, the latter rising in a pond in this t. Surface an 
extensive plain, with high hills on the E. and W. ; soil sandy 
or gravelly Innm. and very fertile. A farming and gnizing 
t., with various small manufactories. The V. contains a 
bank, a half dozen stores, and 300 inhabitants. Pop. of 
t. 1.416. 

Pine Plains, p. o.. Ocean county, K Jer.: 23 m. S. E, 
Trenton. 

Pint; Riter, p. o., Marquette co., IFwc. ; 52 ra. N. N. E. 
Madison. 

PiNEE'a Gross Roads, p. o., Kenton county, K//. ; 53 m. 
N. N. E. Frankfort. 

Pine's Bridge, p. o., Westchester county, N. Y. : 91 m. 
S. Albany. 

Pine Street, p. o.. Elk county, Perm.: lOS m. N. "W. 
Harrisburg. 

Pine Town, p. v.. Cherokee co., Te,r. : 102 ni. E. N. E. 
Austin City. 

Pine Tree, p. o., Upshur co., Teo^. : 2^6 m. N. E. Austin 
City. 

Pfne "Valley, p. o., Chemung co., N". Y. : 1.")7 m. W. by 
8. Albany. 

Pine Yallet, p. o., Warren co., Penn.: 163 m. N. W. 
Harrisburg. 

Pine Yiew, p. 
Richmonil. 

PiNKV7LLE, p. v., Mnrcngo co.. Ala.: about 4 m, E. of 
Tombigee r.. 103 m. W. by S. Montgomery. 

PiNEviLLE, p. o., Gloucester co., JV. Je/\ : 41 m. S. W. by 
S. Trenton. 

PiNEviLLE, p. 0., Bossier parish. La.: 203 m. N. W. 
Baton Rouge. 

PiNEviLLE, p. v., Marion co., Oa. : 105 m. S. W. by W. 
Milledgeville. 

PiNEviLT.K, p. v., M'Donald county, 3fo. : 176 m. S. W. 
Jefferson City. 

PiNEvii.LE, p. o., Smith county, J/m. ; 41 m. E. S. E. 
Jackson. 

PiNEViLLE, p. v., Bucks couutv, Penii. : 97 mites E. 
Harrisburg. 

■ PiNEviLi.E. p. v., Charleston disf., K Car. : about 6 m. S. 
ofSantee r., 71 ra. S. E. by E. Columbia. 

Pine Woods, p. n., Madison co., PL : 73 ra. S. by W. 
Springfield. 

PiNET, p. o.. Johnson CO., Arl: : on a N. afHuent of the 
Arkansas r.. 76 m. N. W. Little Rock. 

Piney Creek, p. o„ Carmll co., M(K : on an affluent of 
Monocicy r. so called. rA m. N. W. Aimapoliy. 

Piney Grove, p. o., Sampson co., N. Car. : 54 m. S. S. E. 
Raleinh. 

PiNORER Grove, p. o., Kane co., PK : 169 in. N. N. E. 
Springfield. 

Pink Hill, p. o., Marshall co., Miss.: 169 m. N. by E. 
Jackson. 

Pink Hill, p. o., Lenoir co., IT. Car. : 62 m. E. 8. E. * 
Raleigh. 

PiNKSEY. t. and p. a, Lewis co., 2i. Y. : 129 m. N.W. by W. 
Albanj". Drained by f)<'er and Sandy creeks. Surface 
mostly even ; soil a f'Ttile. sandy, or clayey loam. A fine 
grazing t., well timbered. P()p. 1.20S. 

Pinnellville, p. v., Jones co., Mis--i. .' 77 m. S. E. by E. 
Jackson. 

Pin Oak, p. o., Dubuque county, la. : 67 m. N. N. E. 
Iowa City. 

679 



PIX 



PIT 



PiNTLALA, p. o., Montgomery co., Ala. ■ On Pinllala cr., a 
S. tributary of Alabama r., 12 m. S. by W. Monli^mnery. 

Pi>-tlee"s Coexebs, p. o., Ottawa t-ounty, JIuh.: 73 m. 
W. by N. Lansing. 

Piny, p. o., Clarion county, reiin. : 142 m. W. N. W. 
llarrisburg. 

Pcs'Y GuEEN, p. 0., Onslow CO., y. Car.: 89 m. S. K. 
Kaleigh. • 

Pioneer, p. o., Greene county, Jll. : 49 miles S. W. 
SpringfieM. 

PiONEEK, P.O., Williams county, O/iiv: 139 m. N. W. 
Ck>lumbu8. 

Pioneer Grove, p. v., Cedar co., Ja. : 23 m. N. E. by N. 
Iowa City, 

Pioneer Mills, p. o., Cabarras county, J\1 Car.: 106 in. 
W- by S. Kaleigh. 

Pipe Creek, p. o., Madison co,, Ind.: on a N. affluent 
of W. fork of White r., 3G m.,N. N. E. ludiaiiapolis. 

PiPERSviLLE, p. c, Bucks CO., Pctiti. : on the 8. side of 
Tnhickon cr., 4 m. W. of Delaware river, 92 m. E. by N. 
llarrisburg. 

Pipe Stone, t. and p. o.. Berrien county. Mid/. : 107 m. 
S, W. by W. Lansing. Draint-d by Pipestone cr. of the SU 
Joseph's. Surface rolling; 8<iil sandy loam of great ft:rtil- 
ity. An excellKnt farming t., with superior grazing lands. 

PiQUA, p. v., Miami co., O^iio: on the riglit bank of 
Miami river, and on the line of the Miami Canal, 6G m. 
W. by N. Columbus. The Columbus, Piqua, and Intliatia 
E, 11., and the Dayton and Michigan K. K. also inlersuet 
this point, the first running E. and W., and the latter N. and 
S. A considerable commerce necessarily centres here, and 
its prospective advance in manufactures and trade is very 
encouraging. The waste water of the canal afTorde it good 
water-power, and steam-power is also used to a considera- 
ble extent. The consumption of coal in the v. in ISSiJ was 
less than 4,000 bushels, but in ISol at least 10,000 bushels 
were consumed, and the quantity must rapidly increase 
when the railroads connecting here are completed. This 
Increase may be taken as an index to the increase of ils man- 
ufactures, Piqua has also a large wholesale and retail 
trade with the adjacent country. It contains 10 or 12 
churches of various denominations, about GOO dwellings, 
many of brick, and substantially built, and the streets are 
spacious and regularly laid out The periodicals published 
here are the " P. Kegister" (whig), semi-weukly and weekly ; 
the "Enquirer" (dt-m.), weekly, and the "Miami Conuiier- 
cial" (neutral). A branch of the Stale Dank is located here, 
capital $100,000, and circulation in Nov., ISol, $1T2,90S. 
Pop. in 1&41I, 1,4S1, and in 1S50, 3,277. 

PiQUEA, p. o., Lancaster county, I*enn. : 41 m. S. E. 
llarrisburg. 

PiscATAQUA river, JVI Unmp. : rises in Wakefield L, flows 
S. S. E., and forms the boundary line between N. Uamp, 
and Me. Its entrance into the Atlantic is by a broad estu- 
ary forming one of the best harbors in the United States. 
Its upper portions, with its tributaries, are navigable for 
sloops. 

PiscATAQtns county. Me. Situate N, centrally, and con- 
tains 3,7S0 sq. m., comprising a large exti.-nt of country 
slretcluDg to the Canada line. Drained by Piscataquis, 
Penobscot, Sebec, and Pleasant rivers, by which good wa- 
ter-power is supplied. Surface diversified with numerous 
lakes and ponds, the largest of which are Moose Ikad. 
■Pem'dumcook, and Chesuncook. Soil fertile on the Pis- 
cataquis, and is generally productive on the streams. It 
has some mountains, among which is Kalahdin. Farms 
1,779 ; manuf. 61 ; dwell. 2,5S9, and pop.— wh. 14,732, fr. col. 
8_total 14.735. Capital: Dover. 

Piscataquis river, Me.: a large W. branch of Penobscot 

river, rising in 9, W. part of Piscataquis co., and flows E. 

by N. 65 m. to its junction with the Penobscot at Howland; 

it affords good water-power. 

PiacATAQUoo river, X. Uamp. : a W. branch of Mcrrimac 

6S0 



river, flowing through N. part of ilillsboro' county, is a good 
mill stream. • 

PiscATAWAY,'p' ^M Prince George's co., J/i/. ; on the S. 
side of Piscatway river, 7 m, above its mouth, 33 m, S. W. 
Antiapo'is. 

PiscoL-i, p. o., Lowndes co., Ga.: near Withlacoochee 
river, 172 m. S. by W. M il ledge vi lie. 

FisEro lake, K. Y.: in ArietUi t., Hamilton co., 6 m. long, 
•2 ni. wide, abounding with superior trout and other flsli— a 
noted resort for anglers. The surroundhig region also 
abounds with game. • 

PisGAU, p. v., Cooper co., Mo. : 29 m. W. N. W. Jefferson 
Cily. 
PisGAiT.p.o.. Cutler CO., Ohio: 94 m. W. S. W. Columbus. 
Pisuon's Eekey, p. 0., Kennebec co., Me. 
PiTCAiRN, t and p. o., St. Lawrence co., N. Y.: 127 ra. 
N. W. Albany. Drained by W. Branch of Oswegatchie r. 
Surface moderately uneven; soil clayey, and adapted to 
grass growing. Pop. 503. 

PiTcuER, t. and p. v., Chenango co., N. Y.: 107 m. W. 
Albany. Drained by Otselic r. and branches, on which are 
good mill-sites. Surface uneven, and somewhat broken; 
8'^il fertile loam. The v. is on the r., and ci)ntaius several 
stores and mills, and 300 inhabitants. Pop. of t. 1,403. 

Pitcuer Springs, p. v,, Chenango co., N. Y. : 103 ra. W. 
Albany. Here are the sulphur springs, kmiwn as " Sylvan 
Springs," an academy, and about 40 houses. 

Pitch Landing, p. o., Hertfurd co., K. Car. : on Wickason 
cr., a S. attluent of Chowan r., 101 m. E. N. E. Raleigh. 

Pitman, p. o., Schuylkill county, Fenn.: 43 m. N. E. 
llarrisburg. 

Pitt county, 271 Car. Situate toward the E., and contains 
5S3 sq. m. Drained by Tar river. Tranter's creek, and 
Grindle's cr., ils branches, and Swift's creek. Surface level ; 
soil fertile, and with cultivation highly productive. Slaple 
articles of commerce, cotton and Indian corn. Farms 6S4; 
manuf. 41 ; dwell. 1,315, and pop.— wh. 6i6(U, fr. col, 100, 
si. 6,633— toLil 13,397. Capital: Greenville. 

Pittsboro', p. v., and cap. Chatham co., N'. Car.: on 
Robinson's creek, a W, branch of Haw r., 32 m. W. by S. 
Raleigh. It contains a cotirL-house, jcil, academy, and 300 
inhabitants. 

PiTTSiJORo', p. v., Hendriek's CO., Ind. : IS ra. W. N. W. 
Indianapolis. Named from the preceding v., from which 
its founder emigrated. 

Pittsburg, p. v., Johnson co., Ai'l: : on the N. side of the 
Arkansas, 77 m. N. W. by W. Little Rock. 

PiTTSBL'RQ, p. v., Carroll co., hid. : on the W. bank of 
the Wabash, 62 m, N. N. W. Indianapolis. A dam for a 
feeder of the canal furnishes excellent water-jMiwcr, which 
is used for a foundry, wonk-n factory, and several mills. 

PnTsiiURG. p. v.. Van Euren co., la. : on ihe right bank 
of the Des Moines, at the mouth of Chequesl cr., 67 m. 
S. S. W. Iowa City. 

Pittsburg, p. v., Hickory co.. Mo. : on Pomme de Terre 
river, a S. branch of the Osage, 76 m. S. W. Jefferson City. 
Pittsburg, p. city, port of enlry, and cap. Alleghany co., 
Prim. : at the point formed by the confluence of the Alle- 
ghany and Monongahela, the great constituents of the Ohio 
r.. and by railroad 252 ra. W. by N. llarrisburg. Lat. 
4uo 32' N., and long. 80° 02' W. Ils suburb, Alleghany City, 
also occupying a point of land, is located to the north-west 
atid on the opposite side of the Alleghany, and to all intents 
and purposes, having the same interests, is a part of Pittsburg. 
South I'itisbiirg and Birmingham are manufacturing vil- 
lages on the opposite side of the Monongahela r. ; and there 
are in the vicinity, in every direction within the suburban 
district, numerous other villages of cousiderable i»opula(ion 
an<l industrial character. 

Pittsburg is built on a triangular plain, hemmed in on 
the rear by several hills. It is a compactly built and large 
city, but has the dingy appearance which so well indicates 
the industrial occupalions of the inhabitants. The city was 



PIT 



PIT 



originally laid out ou the N. E. b;ink of ili<- Mononirabela, 
and planiiL'il aftL-r the moiM of Philadelpliia, wilh streL-ts 
running pitrallol with the rivurs, and otiiers crossing them 
at right angles. Tlie streele on the Alleghiiiy are laid out 
on a similar plan, and hence a short distance from the Alle- 
ghany the old and new streets meet in oblique dintrtions, 
assimilating its appearance to that of the lower section of 
New York City. Both rivers are spanned by bridges, which 
with several steam ferries, connect the cily with the aub- 
nrbs. The Pennsylvania Canal crosses the river by an 
aqueduct 

The site of Pittsburg is a natural amphitheatre ; the rivers 
flow in channels from 450 to 405 feel lielow the liiglust 
peaks of the neigliburing hills. These hills, inclosing the 
city, are full of bituminous coal, which is ea&ily mined, and 
RffiTds to the place the vast maiuifaeturing faciUlies fur 
which it is famed. The coal strata lie S(JU feet above the 
alluvial plain, and the coal formation, as general in the Ohio 
valley, is horizontal. Along the biise of these hills aud 
some distance up Iheir decliviiy. the city expands itself, and 
on every side Ihe eye rests upon a scene of rich aud Varied 
landscape. 

Old Fort Du Quesno, so celebrated in the French and 
c+>lonial wars, formerly occupied the site on which the city 
n"W stands. At the clos^of the Eevolulionary War it was 
still but an insignificant vulage. In 17S4. the grnund, which 
btdniigcd to ihe heirs of Pcnn, was laid out into town Inis. 
and two years later the village contained about KiO dwell- 
ing's. It «as constituted the capital of ^Uleghany county in 
1791. In 17D6, its population amounted to 1,3^5. 

Among the public buildings of Pittsburgj the Court-house 
is ciinspicuous. It is a handsome building of Grseco-Doric 
architecture, 165 feet long and lOO feet deep, and the height 
of the dome 14^5 feet from the ground. About $2OO,U0O were 
expended on its construction. The Roman Catholic Cathe- 
dral, on Grant's Hill, is also a noble edifice, and many of 
the otiier churches, between 70 and SO in number, are in 
the best style of ecclesiastical building. It contains, besides, 
4 large banking houses, several insurance ofBccs, 3 murkL-t- 
housc3, a well furnished museum, numerous large and 
si)lendid hotels, railroad depflts, etc. The Western Uni- 
versity of Pennsylvania is located here, and numerous as- 
sociations, wliich afford groat conveniences to the inhabil- 
an(d in literary and scientific pursuits. 

As a manufacturing city, Pittsburg is second in the State 
only to Philadelphia, and h:is, perhaps, no competitor in 
the branchi-s of industry which are carried on in its work- 
shops. It is the IJirmingham of America. In 1S50 it had 
IS rolling-mills, with a eapiUil of $5,0ii0,0li0, employing 2.5ini 
hands, consuming 00,000 tons of pig nu'tal. and producing 
annually bar iron and nails ti the value of $4,oii0,0n0 ; 3o 
large foundries, with several smaller ones, wiili an aggre- 
gate capital of $2,000,000 and 2.50n h.in<ls, using 20,0110 t««ns 
of pig iron, and yielding articles valued at $2.n00.00o aimu- 
ally ; 2 establishments for manufacturing locks, latches, col- 
fee-mills. scales, and other iron easting, empl'ij ingoOH hands 
and a capital of $250,000, using 1.200 tons metal, and pnv 
ducing annually to the value of $3,000,000; 5 large cotton 
factories, and several smaller ones— capital $1,500,000, hands 
1.500, cotton consumed 15,000 bales, and produL-ts valued at 
upward of $l,50(>,00n annually ; 8 flint-glass numufactoriL-s 
—capital $:!00 000,'hiinds500. and producing various iirtit-les 
of glass, in the manufacture of which 150 tons lead and 200 
toTis pearl asli are used, to the value of |40(),000 annually; 
7 phial furnaces and 11 window-glass factories— capiial 
$2o".000, hands 600. and annual products f Gou.OOO ; 1 so<la- 
ash factory, employing 75 hands, and producing annually 
1,500 tons ; 1 cop[)er smelting house, prnducing 600 tons rr- 
fined copper annually, valued at $3Si) per ton; 1 cnppcr 
rolling-mill, pnidut^ing annually .300 tons shr-aihin;: and bra- 
zier's copper ; 5 white lead factnries — c^ipital $1.50,000. hands 
60, and producing 1.50.O0O kegs annually, worth $2oo.OiiO. 
There «rc also a number of manufactories of the smaller sizes 



of iron, several extensive manufactories of axes, hatchets, 
etc., and spring-sleel, steel springs, axles, anvils, vices, mills, 
eniss-cut aud otln-r j^aws, gun barrels, shovels. si)adcs, forks, 
hoes, cut tacks, brads, etc. The products of the maimfac- 
tures in the aggregate are valued at between $.'"M>,000,000 and 
$60,1.100,000 annually. There are consumed about 12,000,000 
bushels of coal annually, worth $6OO,0nO, and an equal . 
quantity is exported from the city, giving employment con- 
stantly to 4,000 hands. 

As a trading marl. Pittsburg has many advantages. At 
tlie junction of two great rivers and at the head of tlie no- 
ble Ohio, it has access by water to the whole valley drained 
by the tributaries of the Mississippi. With the Atlantic 
sea-board ii has connection by means of Llie Pennsylvania 
Canal and Kailroad, over which an immense transit and 
int^-rnal commerce is carried on, and its connection with 
Lake Erie is provided for. Westward long lines of railroad 
bring it into juxtaposition with all the great ciiics in that 
direcli<in, and open to it highways to and beyond the Mis- 
si^rsip])i. lis harbor is well suited for the river commerce. 
The "Orleans," the first steamer that plied on the western 
waters, was built here in ISU, since which period the com- 
merce of the cily h:ts steadily increased. In 1S50 there 
were owned in rittshurg 43,4TG tons of shipping, of which 
44.571 tons were navigated by steam. In 1S51 its steam 
marine amounted to 47,911 tons. This is employed on the 
rivers in tran^pi-rling passengers and goods to the various 
purls. Kighteen steamers and 4 schooners (3,23S ions) were 
built in 1 S50. These are floating palaces, the admiration of 
every one, and at any one time ;J0 or 40 of such may be 
seen at the wharves destined to various porls on the Ohio, 
Mississippi, and Missouri. 

The retail trade of the cily is also on a vast scale, the 
stores filled with the most splendid manufactures, arti- 
cles of api>arel, and all the luxuries of the tal>le and liouso- 
ln)ld, arc not surpassed by those of even the palaces of New 
York and Philadelphia. The amount rtf business transacted 
is immense and ever incrc.asing. Pittsburg has also a large 
wholesale trade, and many western merchants make up 
their stocks at this point, instead of traveling to the ureat 
cities of the sea-board. There are four hanks in the city- 
capital $2,41S,ii(m. 

Pittsburg is governed by a mayor, aldermen, and com- 
mon council; its police is excellent, and crime and destitu- 
tion less frequent than in most idhcr targe places. Perhaps 
this freedom from social evils may be atlributed chiefly to 
the prosperity of the manufaeturcs and trades. Ii has a 
well organized Are department, and numerous military 
companies, many of which are uniformed and well drilled. 
The streets, stores, and dwellings are ligbteil \vi(l\ gas, 
which is manufactured fn'iu bituminous coal, and water is 
supi)lied from tin- Alleghany river by means of machuiery, 
and disirilmted through iron pipes. For civil purposes Ihe 
city is divided into nine wards. The value of taxable 
property in the city inlSSl amonntx?d to $65.0i)n.(ioO. 

The means of education providcl in the city are ample. 
In l>5o there were 36 public schools, and 10 olliers were 
being built; teachers. 71— males 19, aud females 53; schol- 
ars. 5,144— males 2.5S3. and females 2.5G1 ; cost of instruc- 
lion. $17..*'ii6. of which $2,304 was from the Slate school 
fiui'l, and Ihe remainder raised by laxation. These schools 
are conducted under the general law. There an- also other 
academics, seminaries, grammar schools, etc., chiefly pri- 
vate esljdilishmeula, at which large numbers of children are 
educated. 

The i^criodif^al pr^^s of Pittsburg consists of 11 daily 
newspapers, 2 tri-w./ekliis, 17 weeklies, 1 semi-inontlily, 
and 2 moniblies. The dailies are, the "P. G:izette'' (whig), 
the '-Morulng I'ost" (dem.). the "i*taats Zeitung" (whig) 
the '■ P. Courier," the *• Tribune and Express" (indep.), ihe 
•M'hronicle," the "Commercial Journal"' (whig), the "Dis- 
patch'' (indep.), the "Transcript aud Commen-ial Adver- 
tiser," the "P.American" (whig), and the "Daily News." 

CSl 



PIT 



PIT 



The th-weoklies are, the "P. Gazette" and "Commercial 
Journal." editions of the dailies of the eame title ; the week- 
lies are. the *• P. Gazette," the "Saturday Post,'' the "Staats 
Zei'iung:." the " Commercial Journal," the "Dispiitch," and 
the "P. American," editions of dailies, "Der Freiheits 
l^reiind," the "P. Mercury," the *' Iron City" (lit), the 
» " American Protestant" (relig.), the " Ledger," the " Chris- 
tian Herald" (Meth.), the "Saturday Visitor" (lit.), the 
" rreshyt^-rian Advocate," the " Preaclier," the "P.Chris- 
tian Advocate" (Meth.); the semi-monthly is the "Priend 
of Missions," and the monthlies are "Sibbet's Western Re- 
view" and the " Missionary." 

The population of Pittsburg: in 1810 was 4,T6S ; in 1S20, 
7,248; in 1530,1-2,563; in 1^0,21,115; and in 1S50, 46,601. 
In these sums the population of tho city proper is only 
stated. The city, including its metropolitan district, in 1850 
contained SG,7T1, and in January, 1853, 110,241 inhab- 
itants. 

AU^ghany City^ the principal suburb, of which a brief 
mention has been made in its alphabetical order, is in itself 
a considerable place. It enjoys the same facilities for manu- 
factures, commerce, and interna! trade as Pittsburg, but 
perhaps not in so advantageous a degree, and is occupied 
chiefly ui the same pursuits. Here is assembled a popula- 
tion of 21.261 8*)uls; in 1830 the city contained only 2,801, 
and in 1840, 10.0s9 inhabitants, being an increase of 260.2 
per cent, and the increase in the decade ending 1850, was 
110.7 per cent Alleghany, indeed, has at tlie latter date 
the same population as Pittsburg had in 1840. The "West- 
em Penitentiary of Pennsylvania is located in Alleghany, 
and is a very expensive edifice. The Western Theological 
Seminary (Presb.) is also established here. It occupies a 
commanding eminence, overlooking the surrounding coun- 
try. The building is 150 feet long, tho centre being 4 stories 
and the wings 3 stories high. There are about 30 churches 
in the city, several of them large and elegant structures. 
The city has a considerable commercial and manufacturing 
interest. Hardware and cutlery, iron work of all kinds, 
machinery, cotton goods, and numerous other valuable 
mnnufacturea are produced. The whole manufactaring 
capital of the place is nearly $4,000,000, and goods to a great 
value are annually produced. It is divided into 4 wards, 
and is governed by a mayor and common council. In 1S.50 
it had 27 common schools, with 42 teachers and 3,270 schol- 
ars — 1.730 males, and 1.540 females. 

Bimnngham borouarh is another important suburb. It is 
on the 9. side of the Monongahela, alu'Ut 1 ni. distant from 
the centre of Pittsburg. It has considerablo manufactures 
of iron, glass, pottery, etc., and a population of 3,742. A 
bridge and a ferry connect it with the city. Soitth Pittti- 
htirg, adjoining it on tlie W., hiis 1,SS3 inhabitants, and 
jR/«t Biniiinrjhinn has 1,694 inhabitants. Jlunch^^tei^ on 
the W. of Alleghany City, has 1,775. LmcrencevfUe, on the 
Alleghany, abnve Pittsburg, 1,746, and Sharpsburg, higher 
up on the opposite side the river, 1,220 inhabitants. 

Pittsburg, i. and p. o., Coos co., JV^ liainp. : in the ex- 
treme N. of the State, 132 m. N. by E. Concord. It oom- 
prises a large territory of rugged surface, densely wooded, 
and contains Connecticut lake, and several head streams of 
the Connecticut Pop. 425.- 

PiTTSFiELD, p. v., atid cap. Pike co., J?/. ; 64 m. W. by S. 
Springfield. It lies on the liigli land between the Mis- 
sissippi and the Illinois, about 11 m. W. of the latter, and 
has a healthy location and a growing trade. It contains a 
court-limise, jail, academy, and 15 or 20 stores. The " Pike 
County Free Press" (whig), and *' The Union" (dem.), are 
issued weekly. 

PnrsFiELD, t and p. v., Berkshire co., Jfnnti. ; 114 ra. W. 
Boston. Lat N. 42° 26' 55", long. W. 73° 15' 36". Surface 
of t is elevated, and moderately uneven ; soil ferUIe loam. 
Drained by Housatonic r. an<l tho Pontoosuc. which unite 
near the v., and afford water-power. The v. is pleasantly 
eituated m-ar the centre of the t., and is surrounded with 
682 



beautiful scenery. It is regularly laid out and handsomely 
built. At its centre is a handsome square, containing 4 
acres, upon the sides of which are some of the principal 
buildings. There are four churches, 1 bank, capital $200,000, 
and numerous factories. The Berkshire Medical Institution, 
located here, was founded in 1S23. In 1S50 it liad 5 pro- 
fessors, 103 students, and 473 alumni. The Young Ladies' 
Institute is a very flourishing and popular seminary, it oc- 
cupies 3 handsome buildings, and is surrounded with beau- 
tiful grounds. The Western K. K. passes through the v., 
151 m. from Boston, and 49 m. from Albany. Here termi- 
nates the Housatonic K. R., from Bridgeport, 110 m. ; and 
here commences the Pittsfleld and North Adams It. R., 20 m. 
long. Three newspapers are issued weekly—" Mass. Eagle" 
(whig), "P. Sun" (dem.), "Culturist and Gazette" (agric.) 
Pop. in 1840, 8,747 ; in 1850, 5.S72. 

PiTTsnELD, t. and p. v., Somerset county, 3fe. : 37 m. 
N. N. E. Augusta. Drained by Sebasticook r. and brandi- 
es. Surface moderately uneven ; soil fertUe and well tilled. 
Pop. oft 1,166. 

PiTTSFTELD, t. and p. o., Washtcnaw co., 3fich. : 59 m. 
S. E. Lansing. Dra ned by Mullet's cr. of Huron r. Sur- 
face undulating; soil deep loam, and very pnulurtive. A 
plank-road passes through to Ypsil.inli, and the Michigan 
Central It. K. passes along theN^border. Pop. 1,232. 

PnTSFiELD, t. and p. v., Merrimac co.. N. //amp. : 11 ra. 
E. N. E. Concord. Drained by Suncook r, which supplies 
water-power. Surface diversified. Catamount Mountain 
occupies the S. E. part ; soil fertile. The v. contains a 
bank, an academy, and several manufactories. Population 
of t 1,S28. 

FiTTSFiELD, t and p. o., Otsego co., 2^. Y.: on the E. si<Ie 
of Unadilla r., 82 m. W. Albany. Drained by Wharton's 
creek, which with the river affords good water-power. Sur- 
face hilly; soil sandy loam, and in the valleys very fertile. 
An excellent farming and grazing t, with growing manu- 
factures. Pop. 1,591. 

PiTTSFiELD, t and p. o., Lorain cotinty, Ohio : 95 m, 
N. N. E. Columbus. Drained by the W. branch of Black 
river, which supplies water-power. The Toledo, Norwalk, 
and Cleveland R. R. passes on it.3 N., and the Cleveland, 
Columbus, and Cincinnati R. R. on its S. border. Pop. 1,088. 

PiTTSFTELD, p. v., Warren co., Penn.: on Broken Straw 
creek, a W. affluent of Alleghany r.. 169 m. N. W. Harris- 
burg. It is on the proposed route of the Sunbury and Erie 
Railroad. 

PiTTSFiKLT), t and p. o., Rutland county, V^rm. : 34 m. 
S. by W. Montpelier. Drained by branches of White river. 
Surface mountainous; soU fit only for grazing, which is the 
chief pursuit Pop. 512. 

PiTTSFORD, t, p. o., and sta., Hillsdale co., Mio?i.. : 66 m, 
S. by E. Lansing. Drained by Tiffin's cr. and St JosPi)h'8, 
of tlie Mauinee, which furnish water-power. Surface some- 
what hilly ; soil admirably ada|)ted to grain. The sta. is 23 
miles W. of Adrian, on the MicJiigan Southern R. R. Pop- 
ulation 1,223. 

PiTTRPOKD. t and p. v., Monroe co., J\'". Y. : 232 m.W. by N. 
Albany. Drained by branches of Irondequoit cr. Surface 
undulating: .soil calcareous loam, and very prmhictive of 
wheat. The Rochester and Syracuse R. R. and the Erie 
Canal cross the t., on both of which is the v, 10 m. E. of 
Rochester. It contains 3 churches, 2 academies, several 
stores and warehouses, and about 800 inhabitants. Popula- 
tion of t. 2,061. 

PiTT^FORD, t. and p. v.. Rutland co., Verm. : 44 m. S. Vf 
Mont[>elier. Drained by branches of Otter cr.. whirh flows 
through and furnishes much water-power. Surface uneven, 
but not rugged ; soil sandy or cl.iyey loam, and very fer- 
tile. Wool-growing is a leading interest Marltle and iron 
ore are ainmdant The v. contains several stnres, an<i is 
11 m. N. of Ruttind, on the Rutland and Burlington R. R. 
pop. of t 2.026. 

Pirr'B Grove, t and p. o., Salem co., J^.Jcr.: 47 nL 



PIT 



PLA 



S. S. "W. Trenton. Drained by Maurice t. and its brimche?. 
which move several mills. Surface levtl or umiulaling ; 
soil sandy or s;ravcl!y loam, of nrdinary fertility. It has some 
excellent timber land. Pop. 1,151. Upper Pitt's Grove was 
taken from it in l>i46. 

Pitt's Point, p. a, Bullitt Co., Ky.: 52 m. W. S. "W. 
Franlifort. 

PiTTSTON, t. and p. v., Kennebec connty, M^. : on the E. 
Bide of Kennebec r., 7 m. S. by E. Augusta. Surface pleas- 
antly diversified ; soil very pniductive. A superior farming; 
and gr.miwf t.. wilh a sufficiency of water-power, abnn'l- 
ance of timber, and a brisk river trade. The v. is in the 
N. W., on the r. Pop. of t. 2,S23. 

PiTTSToN Ferry, p. o., Luzerne county, renn. : on the 
Suaquchiinna, at the month of Lackawannoc creek, 91 m. 
N. E. by N. Ilarrifbur^. 

PiTTSTows, p. v., Hunterdon co., K. Jer. : 26 m. N.^W. by N. 
Trenton. It is on a W. affluent of the S. branch of Raritan 
river, which moves several mills in the vicinity. 

PiTTSTowN, I. and p. v.. Rensselaer co., K. Y. : 21 m. N. E. 
Albany. Drained by Tomhenick cr., and in the N. by 
Hoosic river, which furntsli fine water-power. Surface un- 
even, and in parU broken; S'»il loam, mixed with sand or 
gravel, and productive under good cultivation. It has nu- 
merous marnifactories of cotton and woolen goods, lumber, 
etc. The Troy and Rutland R. R., and Troy and Boston 
K. R. cr<iss the N. pnrt ; on the latter is P. sta., 14 m. from 
Troy. Pop. of f. .3J:V2. 

PiTTSVLVANiA couuly. Vtr{j. Situate S., and contains S6t5 
sq.'m. Drained by Dan and Banister rivers, and branches 
of Staunton r. Surface rolling ; soil fertile, and generally 
productive. Chief products, wheat, Indian corn, and to- 
bacco. Farms 1,524; manuf. 109 ; dwell. 2.S04, and pop. — 
wh. 15.263, fr. col. T:i5, s!. 12,798— total 28,796. Capital: 
Competition. 

Pittsylvania ContT-iiousK. p. v., and cap. Pittsylvania 
CO.. Vir{f. : on a N. branch of Banister r., 112 m. W. S. W. 
Richmond. It contains a court-house and jail, an acad- 
emy, several stores and workshops, and .S50 inhabitants. The 
village is called also Corapetilioh. 

Placer county, Calif. Situate E. middle, and contains 
l,60ii sq. m. Drained by American r. and its forks. Sur- 
face mountainous, with considerable valleys. Fremont's 
lake lies on its E. border. Mining is the chief business. 
Numerous races, flumes, and canals have been conslructed, 
costing nearly .$2,0(10,000. Capital in mines, $1,427,567, and 
in other industries and trade about $600.0 '0. Pop. in 1S52 
— wh. 6,945. negroes 80,nHdattoes9, Indians 730, Chinamen 
8,019— total 10,733; Europeaus 6:34. Capital: Auburn. 

Placerville. p. v., and cap. Kl Dorado co., Cali/. : 113 m. 
N. E. by E. San Francisco, 91 m. E. N. E. Vallejo. Its site 
is uneven, and is chiefly a mining settlement. It is one of 
tlie olih'st mining towns in the St;ite, and in 1S.>3 is prettv 
well worked out, and consequently there is not as much 
<li>ing as formerly. Pop. varies from 2 to 4.000. The houses 
lire gi-nerally of clapboards. Supplies are obtained from 
Saerani'-nto. The " El Dorado News'' was iiublished week- 
ly in l^ii. 

Plain, I. and p. o., Wayne county, Ohio: 71 m. N. N. E. 
Columbus. Drainerl by Muddy fork and Killbuck cr. of 
■\Valhondiiig r., which furnish numerous mill privileges. 
Surface varied : soil fcrlile and well tilled. A superior 
farming t.,conlaining several mauufaclurlng villages. The 
Ohio and Peiuisylvania R. R. passes through it. pop. 2-."75. 

Plain, p. o., Greenville district, 5. Car.: 97 m. N. \V. 
Columbia. 

Plainfikld, p. o., Bates county, Mo.: 124 m. W. 8. W. 
Jeff<*rson <'ity. 

I'LAiNFiF.Ln. t.. p, v., .and sta., Windham co.. Conv.: on 
E. Bide of Qtiirinebaug r , H9 m. K. by S. Hartford. Braimd 
by Moosup r.. which affords good water-power. Surfuce 
mostly even ; soil rich sandy loam. A superior farmini; t.. 
containing various maimfactories. The Norwich and Wor- 



cester R. li. crosses the W. part, on which is the sta.. 16 m. 
N. of Norwich. The Hartford, Providence, and Fijihkill 
R, K. also crosses it. The v. occupies high ground, and 
contains a flourishing acadeuiy, founded in J7S3. Popu 
lationof t. 2.730. 

Plainfiki.p, p. v., Will co., lU. : on a W. affluent of Des 
Plaines r., 14S m. N. K. hy N. Springfl.-Id. The crei-k af- 
fords good water-power, which is ust-il to turn several flour- 
inir and saw initls. The v. contains a high school, several 
stores, and ab'iut 600 inhabit;ints. 

Plainffbld. p. V. and ftt.i., Hendricks co.. Twh : on White 
Lick cr. .and the Terre Haute and Richmond R. R., 14 ni. 
W. by S. Indianapolis. A plank-road also leads to Indian- 
apolis. 

Pi,AixyiF.LD, t. and p. v., Hampshire co., J/i/.w.; 97 ni. 
W. by N. Boston. Drained by heads of Weslfidd r., which 
afl'ord water-pr>wer. Surface elevated and mountainous; 
soil f.Ttile in tlie valleys and generally good paslurage. 
Many small manufactories are operated. Pop. of t. S14. 

Plainfieli>, p. v., Li\'ingston co., MiC?i. : 34 m. E. S. E. 
Lansing. 

Plainfikld, t. and p. v., Sullivan co., K ITamp. : on the 
Connecticut. 45 m. N. W. Concord. Surface moderately un- 
even ; soil fertile. Large tracts of meadow border the river 
antl its affluents. A bridge crosses the river. The Quecchy 
Falls arc opposite this town. At Meriden village, in the E., 
is Kimball Union Academy, a large and highly Jiopular in- 
stitution, incorporated in 1S13. Pop. of t. 1,392. 

Plainfif.lp, t. and p. v., Essex county, JV". Jor.: 32 m. 
N. E. by N. Trenton. Drained by Green Brook, which 
forms its W. boundary, and E. by Robin.son's branch of 
Railway r. Surface mostly even; soil clayey and fertile. 
The New Jersey Central R. R. passes through the W. part, 
on which and Green Brook is the v.. 23 m. S. W. New York. 
It contains an academy, several mills and faelories. and 
about 1,0(10 inhabitants. The " P. Gazette'' and '■ P. Union*' 
(whig) are publi.«hed here weekly. Pop. of t. 2,446. Set 
()ff from Westfield in 1S-J7. 

Plainfieij), t. and p. v., Otsego co.,N. Y. : on the E. .'•iile 
of Unadilhi r., 73 m. W. by N. Albany. Surface undulating, 
and in parts broken; soil sandy and calcareous loam, and 
very fertile. Farming and grazing engross attention. Pop- 
ulation 1,449. 

PLAiNFFKLn, p. V., Cumberland co., pt^vn. .■ on the S. side 
of Conetlogwinit cr., 21 m. W. by S. Ilarrisburtr. 

pLAiNFiriLD. p. v., Coshocton CO.. Ohio: on Wills cr., an 
E. branch of the Muskingum, 65 m. E. by N. Colunibus. 

Plainfield. t. and p. v., Washington co., Vi'nn. : 9 m. E. 
Montpelier. Drained by Onion r., which affords water- 
power. Surface rough ; soil good. It contains a noted 
mineral spring. Tho village is on the river, where are sev- 
eral mills. Pop. of t. SOS. 

Plain Grove, p. o., Laurence county, P'-nn.: 179 m. 
W. N. W. Harri.sburg. 

Plainsboro*. p. v., Middlesex county, N. Jer. : 12 miles 
N. E. by N. Trenton. 

Plains of Dcra, p. o., Sumter co., Ga.: 102 m. S. W. 
MiUclgeville. 

Plainsvii.i.k. p. v., Luz'^rnc co., Peiw. : on Susquehanna 
r., 91 m. N. E. by N. Ilarrisburg. 

Plain Vifw, p. c, Macoupin oo., Ill : 46 m. S. S. W. 
Spriuu'fleld. 

Pi. ATM Vifw, p. o., King and Queen co., Virg.: 2S m. 
N. E. Richiniind. 

Plainvii.lk, p. v., TTartford co., Cojni.: 14 m. W. S. W. 
HarLford. It has a brisk trade, and contains several fur- 
naces and factories. The Hartford. Providence, and Fish- 
kill R. II. bi're inlersiM-ls the N<'W Haven and Northampton 
(ur Canal) 11. R.. 27 m. N. of New Haven. 

Plainvillr, p. v.. Onondaga co., ^V. }'. .- nhont 1 m. W. 
of S. neca r. and 2 m. E. of Cross lake, 133 m, W. by N. 
Albany. 

Plainville, p. V. and sta., Hamilton co.y Ohio: on the 

683 



PLA 



PLE 



Liitle Miami K. K., 10 m. from Cincinnati, 93 m. S. "W. 
Cnlumhua. 

Plainwell, p. 0., Allegan co,, MicJi.,- 61 m. "W. H. W. 
Lansing. 

Plaistow, t., p. o., and 8ta., Rockingham co., K. nnmp. ; 
37 ni. S. E. Concord. Surface uneven; soil very fertile, a 
black loam mixed with clay and gravel. The Bostxjn and 
Maine K. R. crosses the t, on which is the sta., 12 m. S. W. 
Exeter. Pop. 74S. 

Plank Road, p. o., Onondaga co., iV. K .* 127 m. W. by N. 
Albany, 

Plaxk Road, p. o., "Wayne co., Mich. : 62 m. E. 8. E. 
Lansing. ForniL-rly Livonia. 

Planter's, p. o., Attala co., Mi^s.: 72 m. N. E. by N. 
Jackson. 

Planter's, p. o., Philips ca, Ark. : 9 m. W. of the Mis- 
sissippi, SG m. E. by S. Little Rock. 

Planter's IIali.. p. o., Breckenridge county, J^i/.: on 
Rough cr., 97 m. W. S. W. Frankfort. 

Planter's Stand, p. c, Madison county, Ga. : 76 m. N. 
Millcdgeville. 

Planters viLLE, p. v.. Perry co., Ala. : on Mulberry cr., 
a N. affluent of the Albania, 43 ni. W. N. W. Montgomery. 

Plantsville, sta., New Haven Co., Conn. : 6 m. E. of 
New Haven, on the New Haven and New London R. R. 

Plaqukmine parish, La. Situate S. E., and contains 967 
sq. m. It is well watered by the Mississippi r., which flows 
through it from N. to S., forming the delta in its S. portion. 
Surface in general is low. particularly in the S., whi-re it is 
subject to inundation from the Gulf of Mexico; the land 
in most parts being not more than 10 or 12 feet above the 
Gulf level; soil ijniiffereut, but on the banks of the river 
arc some fertile tracts, producing hirge quantities of Indian 
corn, rice, and sugar, which form the chief articles of com- 
merce. The coast is indented with numerous bays, the 
principal of which are West,, luist, Ronde, Garden Island, 
and lilack bays. It also contains some lakes. Farms 205; 
nianuf. 0; dwell. 615, and pnp.— wh. 2,221, fr. coL 390, si. 
4,779— total 7.390. Capital: Fort Jackson. 

Plaquemine, p. v., Iberville par., La. : on the right bank 
of the Mississippi, 23 m., by the river, below Baton Rouge. 
It has a fine situation, is neatly built, and cUrries on a large 
trade with the rich plantatinns that lie back of it, and ships 
great quantities of cotton here. It was the former capital 
of the paristi, and contains about 500 inhabitants. 

Plaquemine bayou, La.: ati outlet of the Mississippi r., 
117 in. above New Orleans. The waters of the Mississippi 
river only flow through it when that river is at its extreme 
height. 

PLAguEMiKE Eeulek, p. o^ St. Landry par.. La. : 67 m. 
"W. Baton Rouge. 

Platea, p. o., Erie county, Perm.: 20S miles N. W. 
Harrisburg. 

Plato, p. v., Cattaraugus co., K Y. : 246 m. W. by S. 
Albany. 

Plato, p. o., Lorain county, Ohio: 102 m. N. by E. 
Columbua. 

Plato, p. v.. Iroquois co., ///. ; on the W. side of Iroquois 
r., I'il m. N. E. by E. Springfield. 

Pl\tte eouuty, Mo. Situate W. toward the N.. and con- 
tains 393 sq. m. Drained by Platte r. and other tributaries 
of the Missouri, which forms its S. and W. boundary. Sur- 
face level in general, in the W. it rises, and terminates in 
high bluffs on the Mississippi ; soil fertile, well adapted to 
grain and grazing. It has some gnod timber land. Farms 
1.651 ; manuf. 64 ; dwell. 2.490, and pop.— wb. 13,997. fr. col. 
50. si. 2,T9S— total 16.845. Capital: Platte City. Public 
Works: Platte County R. E. 

Platte river. JVeir, Ter. S^e description of Nebraska r. in 
Nebraska, p. 526. 

Platte City, p. v., and cap. Platte CO., 3fo.: on Platte 
river, 18 m. abov<; its entrance into the Missouri, 148 m. 
"W. N. W. Jefferson City. It contains a courtrhouse, jail, 

6&i 



academy, several stores and manufactories, and 412 inhab- 
itants. 

Plattekill, t, and p. v., Ulster co.. A'; Y. : 69:m. S. by "W* 
Albany. Drained E. by Old Man's kill, and "W", by^ 
branches of Wallkill. Surface uneven ; soil loam, mixed 
with gravel and clay. A grazing t., well wooded. The v. 
is 5 m. W. of the Hudson, and contains several stores. 
Pop. of t. 1,99S. 

Platte River, p. o., Buchanan co., Mo. : on the r. of that 
name, at the mouth of Castile creek, 147 m. W, N. W. 
JeflTcrson City. 

Plattkville, t. and p. v., Grant co., TT/.sc. .• 62 m. 
W. S. W. Madison. Drained by Little Platte r. Surface 
uneven, and soil of moderate fertility. It is rich in veins of 
lead and copper orea, which are extensively and profitably 
wrought The v., on a branch of Little Platte, was incor- 
porated in 1S41, and contains an academy, printing-oiSce, a 
number of large stores, and 800 inhabitants. 

Platt^rurg, p. v., and cap. Clintijn county. Mo.: on 
Smith's fork of Platte river, 137 m. N. W. by W. Jefferson 
City. It contains a court-house, jail, U. S. land office, 'and 
450 inhabitants. 

pLATTSBirRG.'t., p. v., port, and cap. Clinton co., NI Y.: 
on W. shore of Lake Champlain, at the head of Cumber- 
land bay, and on both sides of Saranac river. 147 m. N. 
Albany. Lat. N. 44° 42'; long. W. 73° 26'. The surface 
of the town slopes toward the lake ; soil clay loam, and very 
productive. Drained by Saranac river and Salmon creek. 
Black marble of excellent quality is quarried in Ilie t. At 
the V. the Saranac descends by a succession of falls about 
40 feet, thus affording very great water-power, which is 
used by numerous factories of cott(in and woolen goods, tan- 
neries, and by saw, grist, fulling, marble, and flouring mills, 
etc. The v. contains the co. buildings, 4 churches, an incor- 
porated lyceum and academy. Two newspapers are pub- 
lished weekly, *'P. Republican" (dem.), "Clinton County 
Wliig'' — the " Nonhera Lancet" (med.), is issued monthly. 
Here commences the Plattsbiirg and Montreal R. E., 62 m. 
in length, which is an important avenue of trade. The 
Plattsburg and "Whitehall R. R. is m construction. Platts- 
burg is renowned as the scene of a most severe battle dur- 
ing the late war with Great Britain, on Sept, 11, 1S14, in 
which the Americans, under Gen. Macomb, achieved a sig- 
nal victory. At the same time, in the bay, before the v., a 
great naval victory was won under Com. M'Donongh. A 
little S. of the village is P. Barracks, an U. S. Military Post 
Pop. of t 5.G1S. 

Plattville, p. v., Kendall co., M.: 143 m. N. N. E. 
Sprini^cfleld. 

Pleasant, p. o., Switzerland co., lud. : 7S m. S. E. by S. 
Indi;ifiapoli8. 

Pleasant, p. c, Kent county, Mich. : 53 m. W. N. "W. 
Lansing. 

Pleasant, t and p. o., Putnam co., Ohio: 86 m. N. W. 
Colundjus. Pop. 714. 

Pleasant Brook, p. o., Otsego county, y. Y.: 5S m. W. 
Albany. 

Pleasant Creek, p. o., Taylor co., Virff. : ISO m. N. W. 
Richmond. 

Pleasant Dale, p. c, Hampshire co., Virff.: 147 m. 
N. N. "W. Richmond. 

Pleasant Exchange, p. o., Henderson co., Tenn. : S4 m. 
"W. by S. Nashville. 

Pleasant Flat, p. o., M.iAon co., Virg. : 25S m. W. N. "W. 
Richmond. 

PucvsANT Gap, p. o., Yernon co., 3fo.: Ill m. Vf. by S. 
Jeffer.^on City, 

Pleasant Gap, p. o.. Centre co., Penn. : 66 m. N. W. 
Harrisburg. 

Pleasant Gap, p. 0. Cherokee co., Ala. : 183 m. N. by E. 
Montgomery, 

Pleasant Green, p. o.. Cooper co., 3fo. : about 3 m. E. 
of La Mine r., 45 m. W. N. W. Jefferson City. 



PLE 



PLE 



Pleasant Grove, p. o., Dea Moines co., la. : 49 m. S. 8. E. 
Iowa City. 

Pleasant Grove, p. o., Ptclvena co., Ala. : aboutS m. "W. 
Pipsey r., 106 m. W. N. W. Montgomery. 

Pleasant Grove, p. o., Jasper county, //((/.; 94 ni. 
N. W. by N. Indianapolis. 

Pleasant Grove, p. o., Effingham county, Ga.: 127 m. 
E. S. E. Milledgeville. 

Pleasant Grove, p. c, Ohio co., -ffy. .• 116 m. W. S. "W. 
Friinkfort. 

Pleasant Grove, p. o., Clermont co., Ohio: S8 m. 9. W. 
Ci>Iumbus. 

Pleasant Grove, p. v., Morris CO., JV'; t/er.; on Schoolcy'a 
ml., 37 ni. N. by W. Trenton. 

Pleasant Grove, p. o., Alamance co., iV. Car.: 4G m. 
N. W. K:ili-igh. 

Pleasant Grove, p. v., Jracoupin co., J7l. : near the line 
of tlie Chicago and Mississippi K. E., 25 m. S. by W. 
Springfield. 

Pleasant Grove, p. o., Lancaster county, Penn. : 49 m. 
E. by 9. Harrisburg. 

Pleasant Grove, p. v., Alleghany co., 3fd. : 5 m. E. of 
Cumberland, 123 m. W. N. \V. Annapolis. It contains a 
manufactory of wood types, proof presses, etc., and luO 
inhabitants. 

Pleasant Grove, p. o.. Greenville disL, 5!. Ca}\: about 
8 m. E. of Ennoree r., 101 in. N. W. (.'olumbia. 

Pleasant Gkove, p. c, Maury CO., Tenn. : 37 m. S.S. W. 
Nasliville. 

Pleasant Grove, p. o., Kenozha county. Wise: 78 m. 
E. S. E. Madison. 

Pleasant Grove, p. o., De Soto par.. La.: 1S2 m. 
N. W. by W. Baton Kouge. 

Pleasant Grove, p. o., Lunenburg co., Vlrff. : on N. 
Meherrin r., 61 m. 8. W. by W. Pie-bnioud. 

Pleasant Gho\'e Mili£, p. o., Fleming co., Ji^. : 67 m. 
E. by N. Frankfort 

PU':asant Hill, p. o., Dallas- co., Ala.: 39 m. W. S. "W. 
Montgomery. 

Pleasant Hill, p. o., Franklin co., Arl: : 3 m. N. of the 
Arkansas, 107 ra. N. W. by W. Little Kock. 

Pleasant Uill, p. o., Newcastle county, Del. : S5 m. N. 
Dover. 

Pleasant ITill, p. v., Talbot oo_, Ga. : about 4 m. W. of 
Flint r., SI m. W. by S. Mitif.Igeville. 

Pleasant Hill, p. v.. Pike co., HI. : on the bluffs about 
4 m. E. of Snycartee slough, OS m. "W. S. W. Springfield. 

Pleasant Hill, p. v., Montgomery county, Iiid.: 54 m. 
N. W. l>y W. Indianapolis. 

Pleasant Hill, p. o., Lane co., Orer/. Tcr. 

Pleasant Hill, p. o., Cass co., JA.'.; 1ij9 ra. W. by N. 
Jefferson Cily. 

Pleasant Hill, p. o., Northampton co., X. Car. : near 
the State line, 79 m. N. E. Rak-igh. 

Pleasant Hill, p. o., De Soto county, Jfiss. : 164 m. N. 
Jackson. 

Pleasant Hill, p. a, Miami comity, 0?iU>: 69 m. "W. 
Columbus. 

Pleasant Hill, p. o., Lancaster district, S. Car. : 40 m. 
N. N. E. Columbia. 

Pleasant Hill, p. o., De Soto parish, La. : 1S7 m. N. "W. 
Baton Rouge. 

Pleasant Hilt., p. o., Fayette co., Virg. : 1S9 m. W. by N. 
Richmond. 

Pleasant Hill, sla., Greenville CO., Vlrg,: 12 m. K, of 
Weldon, on the Petersburg R. R. 

Pleasant Hill, p. o., Hopkins county, Tex.: 245 m. 
N. E. by N. Austin City. 

Pleasant lake, A1 Y.: in Lake Pleasant t, Hamilton 
CO., 3 m. long.l to IJ ra. wide, abounding with fine fish, and 
of much resort by amateurs. 

Pleasant Lane, p. o., Edgefield district, S. Car. : 5S m. 
"W. S. W. Columbi.x 



Pleasant Mills, p. v., Adams co., TtifL : on St. Marj'3 r., 
94 m. N. E. Indi-anapolis. A plank-road follows the r. 
N. W. to Fort Wayne. 

Pleasant Mount, p. o., Panola county, Miss. : 142 m. N". 
Jackson. 

Pleasant Mount, p. o., Miller county. Mo, : 23 ra. S. W. 
Jefferson City. 

Pleasant Mount, p. v., "Wayne co., Pfnn.: on a N. 
branch of Lnckawaxen r, 122 m. N. E. by N. Harrisburg. 

Pleasant Oaks, p. o., Brunswick county, Viry.: 5S m. 
S. by W. Richmond. 

Pleasant Oaks, p. o., Mecklenburg co., iV; Ca/r.: IIS m, 
W. S. "W. Raleigh. 

Pleasanton, p. v., Athens county, Ohio : 68 m. S. E. 
Culumbns. 

Pleas ANTON, p.v., Itawamba co., Miss. : 178 m. N. E. by N. 
Jackson. 

Pleasant Park, p. o., Carroll county. Mo. : S2 m. N. "W. 
JelTerson City. 

Pleasant Plain, p. o., Jefferson co., la. : 38 m. S. 8. W. 
Iowa City. 

Pleasant Plain, p. o., Clermont co., Ohio: 85 m. S. AV 
Columbus. 

Pleasant Plains, p. o.. Independence co., Ark. : C4 m. 
N. E. by N. Little Koek. 

Pleasant Plains, p. o., Sangamon co., lU. 

Pleasant Plains, p. o., Lincoln county, Tenn.: 71 m'. 

8. by E. Nashville. 

Pleasant Plains, p. o., Scott co., Mo. : on the N. point 
of the tongue of land separating lakes St. Mary and St, John, 
172 m. S. P:. by E. Jefferson City. 

Pleasant Plains, p. o.. Duchess co., 2^. Y. : 55 m. S. 
Albany. 

Pleasant Plains, p. o., Cumberland co., A^. Car,: 51 m. 
S. S. "W. Raleigh. 

Pleasant Prairie, p. o., Greene county, Mo. : 95 m. 

9. S. W. Jefferson Cily. 

PtEASANT Retreat, p. o., Lumpkin co.. Ga.: 121 m. 
N. N.W. Milledgeville. 

Pleasant Retreat, p. o., Scotland co.. Mo. : 131 m. N. 
Jeflerson City. 

Pleasant Ridge, p. o., Greene co,, Ala. : about 3 m. S, 
of Sipsey r.. 112 m. W. N. W. Montgomery. 

Pleasant Riuge, p. o., Tippah co.. Mists. : 1S3 nL N. N. K. 
Jackson. 

Pleasant Ridge, p.o., Greene county, Ind. : 63 m. S.W. 
Indianapolis. 

Pleasant Ridge, p. o., Hot Springs co., Ark. : 46 m. 
S. W. by 8. LitUe Itock. 

Pleasant Ridge, p.o., Hamilton county, Ohio: 97 ra. 
8. W. by W. Columbus. 

Pleasant Run, p. o., Hamilton county, Ohio : 9S dl 
8.W. by W. Columbus. 

Pleasant Run. p. o., Dallas co., Tex. : on a W. branch 
4)f Trinity r. so called, 173 m. N. N. E. Austin City. 

Pleasant Shade, p. o., Smith co., Tenn. : 47 m. E. by N. 
Nashville. 

Pleasant Shade, p. v.. Perry ca. III. : on the "W. side 
of Little Muddy cr., a N. branch of Big Muddy r., 124 ra. 
S. by E. SprinL'fleld. 

Pleasant i?ite. p. o., Franklin county, Ala. : 162 ra. 
N. W. by N. M'lntgoraery. 

Pleasant Spring, p. o., Howard county, //«/. ; 47 m. N. 
Indianapolis. 

Pleasant TInitt, p. v., Westmoreland co, Penn. : on the 
"W. side of Chestnut Ridge, 131 in. W. Harrisburg. 

Pleasant Vale, p. v., Pike co., LU. : on the bluffs, about 
5 m. E. of the Mississippi, "tS m. W. by S. Springfield. On 
Key's cr., near the v., is a salt spring, 20 feet in diameter, 
forming a pond from which salt is made, but not to a very 
large amount. 

Pleasant Vallet, p. o,, Chittenden co.. Term. : 37 m. 
N. W. Montpelier. 

635 



PLE 



PLT 



Pleasant Valley, p. n., Washington co., Ala. : abuut 
3 m. W. of Tombigl)ee r., 119 ra. W. S. W. Montgomery. 

Plfasant VALLEy, p. v., Litchfield county, C(mn.: 19 m. 
W. N. W. Hartford. 

Pleasant Valley, p. o., Yell co., A?'k.: on the 8. side 
of Magazine Mountain, 69 m. W. N. W. Little liock. 

Pleasant Valley, p. c, Soolt co., la. : about 2 m. "W. 
of the Mississippi, 5G m. E. by S. Iowa City. 

Pleasant Valley, p. v., Jo Daviess co., lU. : on the W. 
side of Plura r., 114 m. N. by W. Springfield. Tlie Galena 
and Chicago Union R. K. passes a few miles N. of it. 

Pleasant Valley, p. o., Sussex co., N. Jer,: 51 m. N, 
Trenton. 

Pleasant Valley, p. o., Morgan county, Ohu> : 62 m. 
E. 3. E. Columbus. 

Pleasant Valley, ata., Muskingum co., Ohio: 7 m. W. 
of Zanesville. on the Central Ohio 11. R. 

Pleasant Valley, t. and p. v., Duchess co., N. T. : 62 m. 
S. Albany. Drained by Wappinger's creek and branches, 
which lurnish many water privileges. Surface various, in 
parts mucli broken ; soil sandy or gravelly loam, and mostly 
fertile under cultivation. A grazing t,, with valuable 
manufacLures of flour, cotton goods, etc. The v. is on the 
cr., and contains a cotton facU^ry and other mills, and about 
700 inhabitants. Pop. of t. 2,226. 

Pleasant Valley, p. o., Bucks CO., Penn.: on Durham 
Creek, 86 m. E. by N. Ilarrisburg. 

Pleasant Valley, p. o.. Lam-aster disL, S, Cai'. : on an 
E. branch of Caiawba r., 74 m. N. Columbia. 

Pleasant Valley, p. c, Wayne co., Tenn,: 87 m. S. W. 
Nashville. 

Pleasant Valley, p. o., "Wriglit co., Mo. : S3 m. S. by W. 
Jefferson City. 

Pleasant Valley, p. c, Fairfax coimty, Virg. : 92 m. N. 
Kiohraund. 

Pleasant Valley Mills, p. o., Nicholas co., JSy, ; 65 m. 
E. N. E. Frankfort. 

Pleasant View, p. o., Juniata county, Penn.: 84 m. 
W. N. W. Uarrisburg. 

Pleasant View, p. v., Shelby co., Iiid.: on the W. side 
of Sugar er.. 14 m. S .E. Indianapolis. A plank-road passes 
through to Indianapolis. 

Pleasant View, p. o., Jackson county, Virff.: 24S m. 
W.N. W.Richmond. 

Pleasant View, p. o., Schuyler co., III. : 53 m. W. N. W. 
Springfield. • 

Pleasant View, p. o., Darlington dist., S. Car.: 59 m. 
E. by N. Columbia. 

Pleasantvillb. p. V. and sta., Westchester co., y. Y. ; 
on the E. side <»f Saw Mill r., 97 m. S. Albany. The ata. is 
34 ra. N. of New York, on the Harlem R. E. 

Pleasantville. p. v., Rockingham co., iV. Car. : 91 m. 
N. W. by W. Raleigh. 

Pleasantville, p. v., Fairfield co., Ohio: 27 m. E. S. E. 
C*iliinibus. 

Pleasantville, p. v., Marion co., la. : about 5 m. S. of 
the Des Moines, 90 m. W. by S. Iowa City. 

Pleasantville, p. v., Bucks county, Penn.: 89 m. E. 
Uarrisburg. 

Pleasantville, p. v., Ilarford co.. Md. : on the E. side 
of Little Gunpowder Falls, 87 m. N. by E. Annapolis. It 
contains several mills. 
' Pleasantville, p. v., Hickman co., Tenn,: on Cane cr., 
an ?;. braneh of IJuffalo r., 57 m. S. W. by W. Nashville. 

Pleasant Woons, p. o., Delaware county, Ind.: 47 m. 
E. N. E. Indianapidis. 

Pleasureville. p. v. and sta., Ilenry county, Kt/. : 18 m. 
N. W. by W. Frankfort. On the Louisville and Frankfort 
R. R., 45 m. E. of I^iuisville. 

pLKNiTi-DE, p. o., Anderson co., Tex. : 173 m. N. E. by E. 
Austin City. 

pLrais. p. v., Jefferson co., 3^. F. ; about 5 m. S. of St. 
Lawrence r., 148 m. N. W. Albany. 
« 686 



Flint, p. o., Greenville dist, S. Car.: 98 m. N.W.by W. 
Columbia. 

Puny, p. o., Putnam county, Virff.: 248 m. W. N. W. 
Richmond. 

Ploveb, t,, p. v., and cap. Portage county, Wise: 101 m. 
N. by W. Madison. Drained by Wisconsin r.. and several 
branches, Big Plover r., an E. branch, beins the chief. It 
has a productive soil, and excellent waler-power. The v. 
is near the confluence of the Big Plover and Wisconsin, and 
is the CO. seat. Pop. of t. 462. 

Plowden's MiLiB, p. o., Sumter district, S. Car.: on a 
W. branch of Black r., 49 m. E. S. E. Columbia. 

Pluokemin, p. v., Somerset co., IT. Jer. : 29 m. N. by E. 
Trenton. 

Plum, p. o., Cook co., lU. : ISl m. N. N. W. Springfield. 

Plum island, 3^ K ." off Oyster Pond Point, a narrow gut 
separating it frnm Long L-^land. It is 3 m. long and a mile 
wide, and on its W. end is a lighthouse. The surface ia 
stony and bare of trees. It belongs to the t of Southhold, 
Suff.ilk CO. 

Plu-m Bayou, p. o., Jefferson co., ArJc. : 29 m. S. 8. E. 
Liille Rock. 

Plum Bkook, p. o., Macomb co., MicJi. : 69 m. E, by 8. 
Lansing. 

Plu.mb Ckeek, p. o., Caldwell county, Tetr. : on a branch 
of the San Marcos, so called, 26 m. S. S. E. Austin City. 

Plum Creek, p. o., Clinton county. Mo. : on a branch of 
Crooked r., 126 m. N. W. by W. Jefferson City. 

PLUMER. p. o., Venango co., Penn. : 165 m. N. W. by W. 
Uarrisburg. 

Plum Ghove, p. o., Blount CO., Tenn.: 161 m. E. S. E. 
Nashville, 

Plum Hill, p. o., Washington county, lU. : 95 m. S. 
Springfield. 

Pli'mmer's Mill, p. o., Fleming co., Ky.: 69 m. E. of 
Frankfort. 

Plum River, p. o., Jo. Daviess co.. III. : on W. Plum r., 
119 m. N. by W. Springfield. 

Plumsteadvili.e, p. v.. Bueks co., Penn. : 94 m. E. by N. 
Harrisburg. The t. of Plnmstead is drained by Tohiokon 
and Nesharaing creeks, and has a hilly surface with a soil 
of sandy loam. There are several mills on these creeks. 
Pop. of t 2,187. 

Plymouth county, Ta. Situate toward the N. W., and 
contains about 9i'0 sq. m. Drained by Floyd's r.. a tributary 
of Sioux, whieh f -rms its S. W. boundary. Surface un- 
dulatuig. the larger portion is prairie; soil fertile. Set off 
since 1S50. 

Plymouth county, Mafis. Situate S. E., and contains 
640sq. ra. Drained by North r., and branches of Taunton r. 
Surfat-e generally level ; soil productive, and in some parts 
very fertile, and ihe culiivation of the land is much attended 
to. Iron ore abounds in some regions, and there are some 
t'Xiensive faetorirs connected therewith. Chief products, 
wheal, Indian ctrn. and pnlatoea, A large quantity of salt 
is prmliiped in ihis eo. Fishing is much followed by the 
inhabilanls. Farin.s 2,447; raanuf. 511; dwell. 9,506. and 
pt.p.~wh. 5.i.22n. free col. 477— total 55.697. Oipital: 
Plymouih. PuNi<' Hor/-.v.- Old Colony R. R. ; Fall River 
R. R.; tape Cod Branch E. K. ; Bridgewaler Branch 
R. R.. etc. 

Pl\mih-th, t., p. v., and sta,, Litchfield eo., Conn. : on the 
E. si.Ie nf Naiigaliick r.. 21 m. W. by S. Harlford. Drained 
by alllufiils itf the r., which afford gnnd water-power. Sur- 
face hilly: soil gmvelly loam, well fitted for grazing. It 
manufactures cotioii an<i woolen goods, iron ware and 
clocks, till- last to a great amount. A copper mine has been 
opened in the E. The Nuugaluck R. 11. folhiws the r., on 
whieh is the sta., 10 m. N. of Watcrbury. Tlie Hartford, 
Providence, and Fit*hkill R. R. crosses it. Pop. of t. 2.563. 

PLYMoiTii.p. v.,IIanenckco.,7W. .■ 5 m. W. of Crooked cr., 
79 m. W. X. W. Springfield. 

Plymouth, p. v., and cap. Marshall co., Ind.: on the N. 



PLY 



POC 



baok of yellow r., 2-1 m. E. of its juneli-jii with the Kanka- 
kee, 10" m. N. by W. Indianapolis. rUmk-roads connect 
It with the Northern Indiana K. E., and diverge in variona 
directions, bringing to it a large trade. It contains a court- 
house, jail, bank, 15 or 20 stores, and 800 inhabitants. 

PLYMotTTn, L and p. v., Penobscot co.. Me. : 42 m. N. E. 
Augusta. Drained by Sebasticonk r. and branches, afford- 
ing water-power. Soil productive and heavily timbered. 
The Kennebec and Penobscot E. R. crosses it. Pop. of 
t 925. 

Plyuouth, t., p. v., port of entry, and cap. Plymouth co., 
Mfn/i.: on Plymouth bay, 35 m. S. E. by S. Boston. LaL 
N. 41° 57' 24i", long. W. 70° 40' 19". This t is memorable 
as th« landing place of the pilgrims, Dec. 22d, 1620, who 
founded this the first settlement in New England. See 
Ma&sachitsetts, Ili-storiciil SA'ttc/t. The bay is spacious, 
but shallow ; the harbor is secure, though difficult of access*. 
The t. is of large size, is for the most part a sandy and liiily 
tract covered with foresis of pine, with some oak, and con- 
tains numerous ponds. The soil near the coast is generally 
good. The v. in the N. part of the t, is pleasantly situated, 
la compactly built, chiefly of wood, and has many handsome 
buildings. It contains a court-house, jail, and 6 churches. The 
Interesting relies of the Pilgrim Colony are carefully pre- 
served in Pilgrim Ilall, a handsome granite building, erected 
in 1824, for this purpose, within which the Pilgrim Society 
annually commemorate the landing of their forefathers. A 
portion of the rock on which they landed is placed in front of 
the hall. Plymouth is largely engaged in the fisheries, and 
has also some manufactories. There are two banks, cap. 
$200,0110; 1 insurance co., cap. $5u,000. Two newspapers 
are published weekly, viz., *' Plymouth Rock" (dem.), and 
"Old Colony Memorial" (whig). The Old Colony R. R. 
extends hence to Boston, 37 m. On 30lh June, 1S50, the 
total tunnage of P. district was 10,722 tons, of which 3,9G7 ts. 
were rt-gistered, and 6,755 ts. enrolled and licensed. Of 
registered t.. 3,90S is. were permanent, and 59 ts. temporary. 
The enrolled and licensed tonnage consisted of 6,031 ts. 
p<_rmanent (in cod-fishery 4.S79 ts., in mackerel fishery 
1,752 ts.); and 124 ts. licensed under 20 tons (in coasting 
trade 91 t?., in cod-ftshery 33ls ). During the year previous, 
the totjil of clearances for foreign countries was 10 — 544 tons; 
total of entrances, do. the same statistics, all of which were 
foreign vessels. Vessels built during the year, 5 — 579 tons- 
Pop. in 1?40, 5,2S1, and in 1S50, 6,025. 

Pltmolth, t. and p. v., ^*ayno co.. Jlich. ; 62 m. E. S. E. 
Lansing. Drained by W. branch of Rouge r.. whiih sup- 
plies excellent mill-sites. Surface undulating: soil clayey, 
aud productive of all the grains. Salt springs are found, 
and flour largely manufactured. The v. is on the W. .Hide 
of the river, and contains 8 or 10 stores and 500 inhabitants. 
Pop. of L 2,431. 

Pltmoctm, p. v., Lowndes co., Miss.: on the W. side of 
Tombigbee r., 126 ra. N. E. Jackson. 

Plymoutu, t., p. v., and one of the caps. Grafton county, 
N. ITamp. : 3S m. N. by "VV. Concord. Drained E. by Pemi- 
gewjissel r. and N. by Baker's r. Surface rugged and broken ; 
soil nf .-xverage f< rtility. The Boston, Concord, and Montreal 
R. R. follows both streams and passes the v., situate near 
their cotiflucnee, 51 m. (by route} from Concord. The v. 
contains a ci'urt-house, academy, and several stores. Pop- 
ulation of t. l,29(t. 

Plvmolitu. t. and p. o., Chenango co., y. Y. ; 94 m. W. 
Albany. lirain<'d by W, brunches of Chenango r. Surface 
undulating; soil fertile loam, yielding excellent grain and 
vegetables. The Chenango r. and Canal are near the E. 
border. Pop. 1.551. 

Plymouth, p. v., port of entry, and cap. 'Waj'hington co.. 
X. Car. : on the S. side of Roanoke r., about S m. from its 
entrance into Alliemarle Sound, I'H m. E. by N. Raleigh. 
A large trade in lumber is carried on. and a number of 
coasting vessels are built and owned here. The v. conUuns 
a. court-house and jail, an academy, several warehouses and 



lumber yards, a dozen stores, and 951 inbabitunts. Tho 
"P. News" (whig) is published weekly. 

Ply.moutu, t.. p. o., and sta., Richland co,, Ohio: C3 m, 
N. by E. Columbus. Surface elevated, being the watershed 
between the Ohio and Lake Erie, aud tlrained by heads of 
Huron and "Walhonding rivers, which work several mills. 
The Cleveland, Columbus, and Cincinnati R. R. and the 
Sandusky. Manstleld, and Newark R. R. cross the I. and in- 
tersect its S. border. Plymouth sta. is in the N. part and 
36 in. S. of Sandusky, on the latter road. Pop. 1.C64. 

Plymouth, t. and p. o., Luzerne co., Piun.: on the W. 
side of Susquehanna r.. 73 m. N. E. Harrisburg. 'Drained 
by Harvey's and Toliey's creeks, which alfnrd good mill- 
seats. Surface moimtainous in part, and in p:irt rich valleys. 
It is well timbered, and contains an abuu<lance of coal. 
The N. branch of the Pennsylvania Canal passes along the r. 

Plymouth, t. and p. o., "n'ind-ior co., Virnn.: 52 m. 8. 
Montpelier. Surface monnlaiuous. giving rise to numerous 
streams, which furnish fine .mill-sites; soil well timbered, 
and chiefly grazing land. Limestone and soapstone are 
aliundant. In the limestone rocks are several curious caves. 
Pop. 1,526. 

PLVMoUTH.t. and p. c. Sheboygan CO., Wi^c: SSni.N-E. 
Madison. Drained by Sheboygan r* which here makes a 
large bend and lies on its W., N., and E. borders. Surface 
level, in parts marshy and mostly well timbered ; soil clayey 
or sandy loara, of good fertility. 

Plvmouth Hollow, p. v., Litchfield co., Conn.: 23 m. 
W. S. "W. Hartford. It contains several factories and stores. 

Plymouth MeivTing, p. v., Montgomery co.. JVun.: about 
2 m. E. of Schuylkill r..S3 m. E. by S. Ilarrisburg. Inhab- 
ited by Frien<l3. who have a church here. Limestone and 
marble are abundant in the vicinity. 

Plympton, t., p. v., and eta., Plymouth co., 3f'tss. : 31 m. 
S. S. E. Boston. Drained by an E. branch of Taunton r. 
Surface varied ; soil very productive under good cultivation. 
Cotton and woolen goods, cabinel-ware, mechanical and 
agricultural implements, etc., are made. Tlie sta. is 7 ra. 
N. W. of Plymouth on the Old Colony R. R. 

PoAST Town, p. v., Butler co., Ohio: 73 m. "W. S. "W, 
Columbus. 

Pocahontas county. la. Situate toward the N. "W., and 
contains 576 sq. m. Lizard r. passes tiirongh it from S. E. 
to N. W., by which it is drained. Surface level ; soil fertile. 
Set off since 1850. 

Pocahontas county, Virg. Situate N. W. centrally, and 
contains 726 sq. ru. Drained by Greenbrier r. Surface 
hilly and much broken; soil barren in general. Chitf pn>- 
ductions, Indian corn and oats. Farms 353; manuf. 4; 
dwell. 553, and pop.— wh. 8,308, fr. col. 23, si. 267— total 
3.593. Cupiful : Hunlersville. 

PooAcoNTAS. p. v., an<l cap. Randolph co., Ark. : 124 m. 
N. E. by N. Little Rock. It lies on Big Black r., at the 
heail of navigation, aljout 60 m. above its mouth, and has 
a considerable bvisiness in the shipping of \* heat, corn, and 
live-stock. It contains the cnuniy buildings and 400 in- 
habitants. 

Pocahontas, p. v.. Bond co.. ///. ; on the E. border of 
Looking-glass prairie, 2 m. "VV. of ^ho:d cr., &•> m. S. Spring- 
field. It is on the Mississippi and Atlantic R. R., 124 ra. 
W. by S. Terre Haute. 

PocAsSKT, p. v., Barnstable en.. JA/m-.; on the E. side of 
Buzzard's bay. 6:3 ni. S. S. E. Bosi..n. 

Pocket, p. o., Moore co., X Cur.: on a S. branch of 
Deep r., 41 m. \V. S. W. Raleigh. 

Poi-oMOKE river and bay, JA'. .- the river rises in Cypress 
Swamp, on the line between Delaware and Maryland, and 
runs in a S. W. direction 7it m. to pneomoke Itay, an arm 
of Chesapeake bay. It is navigable fur small vessels to 
Snowhill. 

PncoTALTOA, p. o., Beaufort dist., **?. Car.: on a small 
slre:mi of that name flowing into Broad r., 73 m. S. Co- 
lundjia. 

6ST 



POC 



POL 



PocoTALTGO, p. o., K.inawha to., Virg.: on the river of 
that name, '23i3 m. W. N. W. Richmond. 

PocoTAUGO rivyr, S. Car. : a tributary of the Black r. 
from the norih-west. 

PocoTALioo river, Kanawha co., Vit'ff.: rises in Gilmer 
county, and after a S. "W. course of 60 m., through a district 
abounding in biluminouB coal and iron ore, for ono-lhird 
of whicli it is boatable, empties into the Great Kanawha, 
about 10 ni. lYom its mouth. 

PoE-STESKiLL, t. aiul p. V., Eenssolacr co., 2^. Y.: 9 m. 
E. N. E. Albany. Drained by branches of the Poestenkill, 
which supply good mill-sites. Surface hilly and broken; 
soil mostly grazing land. It has valuable deposits of marl 
and several uiarmfacturing establishments. The v. contains 
several mills and factories. Pop. of t. 2,092. 

Pof:sTENKiLL flvcr, 2i. T. : rises in Kensselaer county 
and flows S. "W. into the Hudson at Troy, affording many 
good mill-sites. It has falls on the side of Mount Ida, 
around which a small manufacturing village has sprung up. 

PoiNDEXTEK, p. V., MarlOQ CO., Ga. : S3 m. S. W. by W. 
Milledgeville. 

PoiNDESTER'8, stfl., Bedford co., Virg.: 13 m. W. of 
Lynchburg, on the Virginia and Tennessee II. R. 

Pois ©ester's Stoee, p. 0., Ijooisa county, Virg,: 47 m. 
N. W. Richmond, 

Poinsett county, Ark. Situate toward the N. E., and 
contains 1,444 sq. m. Drained by Lanquille r. and St, 
Francis bayou, tributaries of St. Francis r. Surface gener- 
ally level ; soil fertile, and adapted to corn. Farms 264 ; 
manuf. 0: dwell. 350, and pop.— wb. 2,026, fr. col. 3, si. 279 
—total 2,308. Capital: Bofivar. 

Poinsett lake, Flor. : an expansion of the St John's r., 
or a lake through which that river fl-ivvs, in lat. 2S^ 9S'. 

PoiNSFiT lake, Miim,. Ter. : a small lake emptying into 
Sioux river. 

Point Cedak, p. o., Clark co., Ark. : 64 m. W. S. "W. 
Little Rock. 

Point Commerce, p. v., Greene co., Ind. : on the W. side 
of White r., at the junction of Eel r., 58 m. S. W. Indian- 
apolis. It is 43 m. S. E. of Terre llaute by the Wabash 
and Erie Canal, and has several mills and stores. 

Point Conception, Colif. : the most W. point of Santa 
Barbara co. Lat. 34° 26' 56"N., and long. 120° 25' 40" W. 

Point Coutee parish, La. Situate S. E. centrally, and 
contains 429 sq. m. Drained by Bayou Fordoche and 
branches of Atchafalaya river; this latter forms its W. 
boundary, and along its banks are some fertile tracts of 
land. Surface level, and in general lying low, which 
makes it liable to inundation ; a great portion of the county 
Is consequently until for cultivalion ; soil where fit for tillage 
Is fertile, and yields a rich harvest. Chief productions In- 
dian corn, cotton, and sugar. In the S. E. is Fausse river, 
which probably at one time was a bed of the Mississippi. 
Farms 24S; manuf. ; dwell. 760, and pop.— wh. 2,967, fr. 
col. 561, si. 7.S11— total 11,339. Capital: Point Coupee. 

■ Point Coupee, p. v., and cap. Point Coupee, par. La. : on 
the right bank of the Mississippi, neariy opposite St. Francis- 
vUle, 36 railes by the river above Baton Rouge. Here are a 
court-house, jail, and a printing-oflBce, from which the "P. 
0. Echo" (dem.) is issued weekly. The levee extends from 
this point to New Orleans. The inhabitants of the village 
are mostly wealthy, and of French descent, and their plantr 
ations sh*etch for miles along the river. 

Point Douglaps, p. v., Washington co., Jlinn. : at the 
confluence of SL Croix r. with the Mississippi, 14 m. S. E. 
St. Paul. 

Poi%-T Isabel, p. v., Clermont co., Ohio: 92 m. 8. W. 
Columbus. 

Point Isabfi^ p. v. and port of entry, Cameron county, 
Ttw. : 289 ni. S. by E. Austin City. It lies near the S. end 
of ihe Laguna Del Madre, a few miles W. of Brazos San- 
tiago, and abont 15 N. of the mouth of the Kio Grande. It 
ia a depCt lor military and naval stores, and a landing 
GS8 



place for steamers destined up the Rio Grande, and for 
many of the Gulf ports. The tonnage of the district in ISoO 
was 401 tons engaged in steam navigation, and 274 tons in 
the coasting trade. 

Point Jefferson, p. c, Morcbause parish. La. : 169 miles 
N. N. W. Baton Rouge. 

Point Meees, p. o., Johnson co.. Ark. : on Little Piney 
cret-k, 85 m. N. W. Little Rock. 

Point op Rocks, p. v. and sta., Frederick co., Md. : on 
Potomac river, and the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal, 57 m. 
W. N. W. Annapolis. Tho station is 12 m. E. of Harper's 
Ferry, on the Baltimore and Ohio R. E. The acenery along 
the river is magnificent. 

Point Peninsula, p. o., Jefferson county, y. T. : on a 
peninsula between Chamount bay and Lake Ontario, 149 m. 
N. W. by W. AlbaTiy. 

Point Petek, p. o., Searcy co., Ai'k. : on Richland cr., 
86 m. N. Little Rock. 

Point Petek, p. o., Oglethorpe co., Ga. : 63 m. N. by E, 
MilletJgeville. 

Point Pleasant, p. v., New Madrid co.. Mo. : on the 
Mississippi, S9 m. below the mouth of the Ohio, 202 m. S. E. 
Jefferson City. It contains several stores and warehouses, 
and has a good landing, from which great quantities of com 
are sent down the river. 

Point Pleasant, p. o.. Ocean co^NlJer.: on the K. 
end of Sfjuam Beach, 3S m. E. by S. Trenton. 

Point Pleasant, p. v., Clermont co., Ohio: on the Ohio, 
at the mouth of Indian cr., 23 m. above Cincinnati, 90 m. 
S. W. by S. Columbus. A large quantity .of pork is packed 
here. 

Point Pleasant, p. v., Bucks co., P^mn. : on Delaware 
river and canal, at the mouth of Tohickon cr.. 32 m. S. of 
Easton, 95 m. E. by N. llarrisbnrg. It contains several 
mills and about 200 inhabitants. 

Point Pleasant, p. v., and cap. Mason co., Vii'g. : on 
the Ohio, immediately above the mouth of the Great Kana- 
wha, 26S m. W. N.W. Richmond. It contains an academy, 
court-house, steam flouring-mill, steam saw-mill, several 
stores and tanneries, and about 500 inhabitants. Here, on 
the 10th of October, 1774, was fought the "Battle of Point 
Pleasant," the bloodiest ever fought with the red men in 
the State. A large body of warriors of several tribes, under 
the famous chief Cornstalk, attacked Colonel Lewis, cnm- 
mimding 1,100 Virginians; Init after fighting all day, were 
forced back across the Ohio. The Covington and Ohio 
R. R. will have its W. terminus here. 

Point Prairie, p. o., Franklin ca. Ark. : on the W. side 
of Six >rile cr.. 97 m. W. N. W. Little Rock. 

Point Republic, p. v.. La Salle co., lU. : 124 m. N. N. R 
Spriagfield. 

Point Smito, v., Franklin county, Ala. : on the 9. side oT 
Tennessee river, at the entrance of Big Boar creek, 193 m. 
N. W. by N. Montgomery. Here is a landing for steam- 
boats and a number of stores and warehouses. The staples 
of the district adjacent are shipped here for the Southern 
markets. Tho p. o. is Cuiokasaw. 

Point Worthington, p. v., Washington CO., Miss.: on 
the Mississippi, 79 m. N. W. by N. Jackson. 

Pokagon, sta., Cass co,, Mich. : on the Michigan Central 
R. R., 43 m. W. of Kalamazoo. 

Poke Batou. p. o.. Independence co., Ark.: near a JL 
aflluent of White r. so called. S6 m. N. N. E. Little Rock. 

Poke Run, p. o., Westmoreland co., Perm. : 18S m. W. 
Harrisburg. 

Poland, p. v., Clay county, Ind. ; 2 m, E. of Eel r., 4G nk 
S. W. by W. Indianapolis. 

Poland, t. and p. v., Cumberland co., Me. : 34 m.W. S.W- 
Augusta. Drained by branches of Little Androscoggin r^ 
its N. boundary, which supply water-pnwer. Surface un- 
even; soil very fertile. A superior farming t., with abund 
ance of timber and various manufactories. The Atlanlio 
and St. LawTenco K. K. crossc^s tho N. parU Pop. of t. 2,6Ga 



POL 



Poland, p. v, Herkimer Co., Jf. T.: on West Cana.l'i 
creek 74 „, W. N. W. Albany. 1, c™,ain, J- e.U cou™ 
factones, an,l a cutlery tstablisbinent 

Poland, t. an,| p. a, Mah„ning c..., Of,io ; nn Ihe E line 
Of .be State, Ui m. N. E. by E. Cob.n.b,,,. lZ^.Z 

j^^5b:;^^aj::--rr-^^^^ 

iarms lou; in.iiiuf. 1; ilwell Kt «„,l r ., BV"u quajiiy. 

co.ao,3i.ar-t„tau,^. l^s^pr;:;^''•'■^''■'^• 
creek, branches of Osage r. ana E. fork ^ .^ia" ' b;" n'b' 
produceU in large quantities, and tberc is fon, f^od ,™b 

aere is draiuaao. Area 2 400 so m q,„r , ' 

ti. soil very ferlile. Cape F":,;i"her1teri™s"w "' 
ner U,e parallel of which forma its 8 Lund /ry^";,- 
W,l lamette here affords extensive water-power which I 
nsed for various mills. Farms 129- manrn u ?» 
«nd pop.-wb. 1,046, fr. coL 5_to.al' ^c;,o^^: r "' 
cinnati. ' ^"P'lal: Cjn- | 

Polk county, TJnn. Situate <! P ,„ i ' . ■ 
Drained by H va^^eer at^ft,! ' , '""'"""' ■^~ "J' ™- 
Surface mLntaino^ .^"en^^afb^'Th ';''"''•'''■"" ^• 
■and ; soU fertile. Chief'produtt™ s "^^n aT" In'r^" 
corn. Farms 561; manuf. n ; dwell oio ?n i ? 

W.coL52,sh400_tota,6,3.3S."a;^^:, i'ln-"'- 

Polk county, T<^. Situate toward the S F ,„ 
•".hs 1,273 .«q. m. Drained by TrLi y rive"' w'ld h /"'" 
through it eenlrally. Surface undulati.1 ,„n on . " 

B":::n™"^Sn^trt:r'::in;r'r?'"Y^- 

SI Croix r., which form's its ^1 ound y Su*:"*?"- 1 
part ont being hilly and broken.and p r -.eve ^ 1 ".'^t 

na^isburg. ' ^™™°" '°""''' ^™"- •■ "3 u.. A\-. X TV'. 
Po'^'L™™'' '•"•• '""^■P™''™- »»'!•, Ar,. See 

Polk Eus, p. o., Clark county, Ind.: S9 m 8 bv F 
Indianapolis. . 03 m. 0. by E. 

ill I' • I-ansmg.- Surface rolling, and heavilv 

n^bcred^with X«r.vayandwMtepino,aud h;,:ioek''p„';^ , 



POM 



■• 94 m. N. N. K 



Cnr. : 101 m. 



Mo^ill^omeo.!' "• °" ''"'"""' """"'^ ^'^^■ 

w!':;iSi£^-"'^"^"'°''-™'^^ 
H^rSb::;^^'^' ^- ~ " '^^'""^"^ --'^^ ^''- ^ ^» »• ^. by e. 

„f p"""'?™?' ^- ■'■' '^"'■^ '^o^'y. ^- ■^«'- ■• on the E side 
Of PaiOui's kin, , m. E. of Delaware river, 49 ni. N. N w! 

E.tN:F;:n:f,::r"' "■ °- <^""™" ^-'"^•' ^>-- "^ - 

Pollock's p. o., Randolph co.. III. : on Kine Mile er an 
E. affluent of the Kaskaskia, 121 „. g. Spriiiglleld. ' 

orrtrri^'I^YsYSS::^""^-""'--'''^ 

PO.VAKIA, p. 0. and sta., Newberry dislrjet, .9. Car ■ on 

a.ld conuiins a court-house, 15 stores, 2 Sundries, 3 ma- 
cliine-shops, a rolling mill, rope-walk, and 2 lar-^e tan^L 
""u ^^l r'I-^--""J- Telegraph" whig) i ^ Sd 
weekly. A branch II. E., ,o m. long, conntts it wi h the 
Cincinnati, UiUsboro-, and Parkersburg Eailroad. Pop! 

I PO.MPBFT t. p. v., and sta., Windham co., Conr,..- on the 
W. side of Qumnebaugr., 39 m. E. by N. Ilarlli^rd. Dratoed 
by branches of the river, which supply mmH.i-o,,; mil -Z 
burlace uneven, and beautifully varied by hills and meldl 
ow., : sou deep and strong. Many of the farm are vet 
upenor, and the grazing is excellent. Various manufaZ 
tures are prosecuted. The st.-,. is 20 m. 8. of Worcester on 
ae Norwich and Worcester E. E. The Boston a" New 
Tork (A,r Lme) E. E. crosses the t. The v. occupi^ a hiB 
eommatidiug a wide view, and contains an acadei^ Po^ 

Po.w,iET, t. and p. y., Windsor co., Ven,,. : SO m. 8. by E 
Motitpelier. Drained l.y Queechy r. and a branch of White 
r.vcr. which supply- good water-power. Surface broken- 



sod productive; coal is found; grazing is the chief occup^ 
tion ; limited manufactures are carried on. Pop of t 1 546 
Po,nTa:T, t., Cha,ilauqueco.,JV: V. .- „n Lake Erie. Surface 
billy ; soil, a fertile, argiHaceons. gravelly, and sandy loam 
Drained by Cassadaga cr., an affluent of Alle<.hanv r and 
several small streams flowing into this lake. The'vilia^es 
of Dunkirk and Van Buren Harbor are in this t, and L 
Eric E. E. has its W. formiuus here. Pop. in ]S50 4 493 

PO.ITRFT LANDI.NG, p. V., Windham Co., Co«,i.';'37 m. 
E. by N. Uanford. 

PO.MONKEV, p. o., Charles co., JfJ. : on Pomoneocr.orthe 
Potomac, m m. 8. W. Annapolis. 
PoMME DE Teuke rivcr, M„. : a tributary of Osage river 
loMPAXoosirc. P.O. and sta., Windsor county, Fw-m -on 
Connecticut r., a,.l the Connecticut and P.^ssumpsic ci^ers 
R. E.. 10 mUes N. of, White river junction, 89 m S E 
Montpelicr. ^ ^. a, 

PoMPEV, t. and p. a, Onondaga county, IT. T ■ m m 
W. by N^ Albany. Drained byLimctonc and Bu tem^, 
creeks. Surface hilly ; soil loam, mixed with.sand or c^y 
very productive. and imderhigh cultivation. AgriculmreS 
tlie principal occupation. Pompey Hill v., in the W ,nl 
occupies the highest land in the co., commanding an iS 

639 



POM 



POP 



ten?ive view, and contains an academy, a half dozen stores, 
and 501) inhaliitants. Pop. of t. 4,006. 

PoMPEY ("BNTKE, p. o., Ouondaga county, y. Y.: 113 m. 
"W. l»y N. Altjany. 

PoMPTON, t. and p. v.. Passaic co., N. Jer. : 59 m. N. N. E. 
Trenton. Dratned l>y Ptqiiannock, Eingwood. and Kiim- 
apo rivers, which furnish fine water*power, and unite in 
the S. corner, to furm Pompion r. i*urfaoe hilly and 
mountainous; soil clayt-y loam of good fertility. Iron oro 
is abundant, and largely dug and wrought. The v., on 
Eamapo r., contains an academy, a furnace, and 25U inkab- 
itanls. Pop. of 1. 1,720. 

PoMPTON river, K. Jer.: is formed by the confluence of 
the Pequannook, Ringwood, and liamapo rivers, and di- 
Tiding Pas.-»aic and Morris counties, It flows 8 m. into the 
Passaic river. The Morris Canal crosses it '2 m. above its 
mouth. 

PoMPTON Plains, p. v., Morris co., K. Jer,: on the W. 
side of Fompton r., 57 m. N. N. E. Trenton. 

PosD Cp.eek, p. 0., Greene co., Mo. : 115 m. 8. W. by S. 
Jefferson City. 
Pond Eddt, p. o., Sullivan co., N. Y. 
Pond Fouk, p. o., Jackson county, Oa. : &4 m. N. by E. 
Mill edge V ill e. 

Pond Hill, p. c, Gibson CO., Thnn. : 123 m. W. by S. 
Nashville. 

Posi> Settlement, p. v., Steuben county, 2^^. Y. : 194 m. 
W. by S. Albany. 

Pond Spring, p. o., Walker co., Ga.: 173 ra. N. W. 
Milledgeville. 

PoNDTOWN, p. v., Sumter county, Ga.: 93 m. S. W. 
Milledgeville. 

PoNTCiiARTRAiN lake, La. : is 40 m. long, and 25 ni. broad. 
It communicates with Lake Maufpas on the W., Lake 
Borgne through the Uigolets on the E., and on the S. with 
New Orleans, through St. John's bayou and a canal. It h.is 
16 or 13 feet water in its deepest part, but near the shore not 
more than 9 feet. The Tangitipaha and Tchefuncti rivers, 
and other small streams, empty into it. 

PoNTiAc, p. v., and cap. Livhigston co., TU.: on Ver- 
million r., 93 m. N. E. by N. Springfield. It contains the 
county buildings and several stores. 

PoNTiA*", p. o. and sta., Huron co., Ohio: on the San- 
dusky, MansfliM, and Newark R. R., 20 m. S. of Sandusky 
City, &3 m. N. by E. Columbus. 

PoNTiAC, t., p. v., and cap. Oakland co., iHlch.: 67 m. 
E. by S. Lansing. Drained by Clinton r. and branches, 
■wliieh, fed by numerous ponds, furnish superior water-power. 
Surface somewhat hilly. Soil samly in parts, but mostly 
productive. The v. is on the r., and contains a court-house, 
jail, academy, iron foundry, and machine-shnp, sevenU 
flourinff-milTs and factories, and l.SiiO inhaldtants. The 
"Oakland Gazette*' (whig), and " Ponllac Jacksonian" 
<dcm.), are published weekly. The Detroit and Pontiac 
E. R. terminates here, 25 m. N. N. W. Detroit. Pop oft 2,819. 
PoNTiAC, p. o., Erie CO., N. Y. : 253 m. W. Albany. 
PoNTousAC. p. v., Hancock co., IB.: on the Missiesippi, 
85 m. N. "W. by W. Springfield. 

Pontotoc county, J/t*.v. Situate toward the N. E., and 
contains 902 sq. m. Drained by Tallahatchie river and its 
branches in the N., ami branches of "W. fork of Tombighee 
river iu the E. and centre. Surface level; soil fertile. 
Chief productions, cotton and Indian corn. Farms 1.24S: 
manuf. 82; dwell. 2,001, and poj).— wh. 12,136, fr. col. S, si. 
4^96,— uital 17,113. Oqntul : Pontotoc. 

PuNTOT'ic, p. v., and cap. Pontfltoc co., Mim. : 143 m. 
N. E. by N. Jackson. It contains a court-house, jail, 
academy, United Stales laud oflicc, a dozen stores, and 
about SiiO inhabiianla. Two newspapers, the ''Americaa 
Boveretgu" (dem.), and the " Political Safeguard" (whig), 
are issued weekly. 

Pontotoc, p. o., Fulton county, A't/. : 253 m. W. S. W. 
FrankforL 
«90 



Poolesville, p. v., Montgomery co., M'J. : 4 ra. E. of the 
Potomac, 43 m. W. N. W. Annapolis. 

Pool's Mills, p. o., Jonea county, Miss.: 79 m. S. E. 
Jackson. 

Poolbville, p. v., Warren co., l?i(l. : CO m. N. W. by "W. 
Indianapolis. 

PooLSviLLE, p. v., Spartimburg dist., *S'. Cur.: 38 ra. 
N. W. Columbia. 

PooLviLLE, p. v., Madison co., ^V. 1'.; on an E. t>ranch 
of Chenango r., 8S m. W. by N. Albany. Here are several 
mills. 

Poor Fork, p. o., Harlan co., Ay.; on a head of Cnm- 
berland r. so called, 126 m. S. E. byE. Frankfort. 

Pooa UiLL, p. o., Sullivan co., 7enn. : 'Z-ifj ui. E. by N. 
Nashville. 

Pope county, Arlc. Situate toward the N. VT., and con- 
tains S25 sq. m. Drained by Great Pine r. and Illinois cr. 
and branches, tribularies of Arliansas r„ which runs on the 
S. border, and passes through the S. W. corner of the go. 
Surface varied; in the N. monntainous. but level in the in- 
terior ancl S. ; soil fertile, producing cniidn, tobacco, ladiau 
corn, etc. Some good timber is found on the land, and it 
has extensive coal beds. Farms 534; manuf. 16; dwell. 
695. and pop.— wh. 4,231, fr. col. 0, si. 479— total 4,710. 
O'pftiil: Morristown. 

Pope county, III. Situate S., and contains 425 sq. m. 
Drained by Rock. Great Pierre. Big Bay, and Lusks creeks, 
all of the Ohio r., which forms its 3. E. boundary. Surface 
t-ven, excepting the lilufls on the Ohio; soil a deep loam, 
with sand intermixed, and productive, a<lapted ^> grain, 
and also raising good tobacco. It is well timbered, and in 
the E. is a hilly range, which makes good pasturage. 
Farms 504: manuf. 12; dwell. 747, and pop.— wh. 3,S71, fr. 
col. 104— total 3,975. Cupitid; Golconda. 

Pope Cheek, p. o.. Mercer co., Il-t. : on the S. side of the 
cr. so called, 105 m. N. W. by N. Springfield. 

Pope's Corners, p. v., Saratoga co., JV. Y. : 1 m. W, of 
Hudson r, 34 m. N. by E. Albany. 

" Pope's Mills, p. o., SU Lawrence county, i\^ Y. : 13S m. 
N. W. Albany. 

Pope's Mills, p. o., Mercer co., 111. : on Pope's cr., about 
S m. E. of the Mississippi, 109 m. N. W. by N. Springfleld. 
Formerly called Bluff". 

Pope's Store, p. o., Southampton co., Yirff. : 63 m. S. 3. E. 
Richmond. 
Poplar, p. o., Crawford co., Oliio: 62 m. N. Columbus. 
F'.'PLAR. p. o., Orangeburg dtst., S. Car.: about 4 m. W 
of Santee r.. 41 m. S- E. by S. Cohinibia. 

Poplar island, in Chesapeake bay. LaL 43° 22' X., and 
long. 70'^ 23' W. Its periphery measures ahniil 10 miles. 

Poplar Bluff, p. o., Butler co., Mo.: 153 m. S. E. by S. 
JcfTcrj^on City. 

Poplar Bkanch, p. o., Currituck co,, y. Car. : 143 m. 
E. N. E. Raleigh. 

Poplar' Corner, p. 0., Madison county, Tenn. : 117 m. 
VT. S. W. Nashville. 

Poplar Cheek, p. o., Choctaw county. Miss. : 126 m. 
N- E. by N. Jackson. 

Poplar Flat, p. o., Lewis county, AV. ,• 85 m. E. N. E, 
Fnmkfort. 

Poplar Grove, p. o., Owen county, JTy..* Si m. N. 
Frankfort. 

Poplar Grove, p. o., Boone co., III. : 1S3 m. N. by E. 
Springfl.ld. 

Poplar Grove, p. o., Iredell co., 2^. Car.: 122 m. "W. 
Raleigh. 

Poplar Grove, p. o., Gibson co., Tenn. : 112 m. W. by 9. 
Nashville. 

Poplar Hill, p. o.. Vigo county, Ind.: on the S. side of 
Hon.-y cr., a small aflluent of the Wabash. 63 m. W. S. W. 
InvUanapolis. 

Popi^R UiLL, p. 0., Anson county, K Car. : 93 m. 3. W. 
Raleigh. 



POP 



POR 



PopLAE Hill, p. o.. GiIl-s ea. Vlrff. : on 'Walker's cr., n 
"W. alflueni of New r., ISl m. \V. by S. liidimoDd. 

PoPLAu Mount, p. o., Greeoville couulj', Virff,: 47 m. S. 
Eichnitiud. 

Poplar Plains, p. o., Fleming co., A'y- •' ''^ ^' E. by N. 
FrankturU 

P..ii'LAR Ridge, p. o., Cayuga co., 2i. Y. : 137 m. W. by N. 
Albany, 

PuPLAR PviDGE, p. o., Darke co., Ohio: SS m. W. by N. 
Ckilunil'iis, 

PopLAK Ridge, p. o., Maury co., . Tetm^ : 42 ni. S. S. W. 
Nashville, 

PuPLAK Spring, p. o.. Fairfield dist,, & Car. : about 3 m. 
VC. of Walcree r,, 31 m. N. by K, Columbia. 

Poplar Speisg, p. o., Mar&hall co., Mrg.: 235 m. N. ^s. 
Eichmond. 

PuPLAit Spking, p. 0., Pontotoc co., J/ws. ; 146 m. N. N. E. 
Jackson. 

Poplar Springs, p. v., Howard co., Mth : 3S m. N. W. 
Annapolis. 

Poplar SpaciGS, p. v., Hall comity, Ga. : 96 m. N. N. W. 
Milled gevlile. 

Poplin, t and p. o., Eockingham co., K Uiimp. : 2S m. 
S. E. Concord. Drained by Sqnamscot r. Surface uneven, 
but not rouffli ; soil fertile, A farming t. Pop. 509. 
PoQr ANOC Bridge, p. o.. New London co., Coniu 
PoQfKTONUcK, p. v., New London ca, Con/u : 2 m. E. 
of the Thames, on an affluent so called* 3S m. S. E. by E. 
Hartford. Sloops come up near the v. at high water. The ; 
inliabiuinis are chiefly sea-faring men, or interested in the 
coasling-lrade. 

PoQuoNocK, p. v., Hartford co., Cmui. : on Furmington r., 
9 m. N. Hartford. It contains several factories ami uiiNs. 

PoRpfviSK Gipe. Me^,' the N. E. boundary of Kcnnebunk 
harbor, in iat. 43© 22' N. and long. 70° 23' W. 

PotiTAGE county, Ohio. Situate toward the N. E.. and 
contains 64S sq. m. Drain^^d by head branches of Mahiming 
r. and branches of Cuyahoga r., which supply good wattr- 
power. Sorface undulating, in some parts broken; sttil fer- 
tile, consisting of a fine deep mold, and adapted to wheat 
and Indian com. Pine, maple, poplar, and other limber is 
fi'un-l on the land. Agrioultvire is the U-ading pursniL 
Farms 2.'i64: manuf. 127; dwell. 4,512. and pop.— wli. 
24,S37. fr. col. S2— total 24.419. OipUol: Ravenna, Puh- 
lic Works: Cleveland and PittsbiTg E. P.; Cleveland and 
Mahoning 11. K. ; Pennsylvania and Ohio Canal, etc, 

PoKTAGR county, Wiw. Situate centrally, and contains 
1,&4S sq. m. "Wisconsin r. passes through it centrally, by 
which and its numerous branches it is <Irained. Surface 
hilly and broken, excepting on the rivers, where the land i.s 
level ; soil fertile. A portion of the co. is prairie. It is well 
timbered, and has good pasturage. Farms 5; manuf. 15; 
dwHl. 204. and pop.— wh. 1,249, fr. coLl— total 1,250. Cap- 
iUtl : Plover. 

PoRTAGK, t and p. o., Kalamazoo co., Mi^ch. : 6S m. S. W. 
Lan.sin2. Drained by Portjige r. of the Kalamazoo. The 
Sandy lakes are in the S. E. part Pop. 726. 

PoRTAGp, t. and p. o., Livingston co., K. K; on the E. 
side of Genesee r., 212 m. W. Albany. Drained E. by 
Cashaqua cr. Surface rolling; soil very fertile of wheat :mci 
most grains. On the W. Hue are the Genesee Falls, which 
supply immense water-power. The Genesee Valley Canal 
ami Buffalo and New York City R. R. pass through it. it 
was divided in 1S46. and the portion W. of the ri\ er made a 
new I., and called Genesee Falls. The p. o. was formerly 
"Williams' Place. Pop. 2.4TS. 

Portage, t. and p. o.. Wood co,, Ohif>: S3 m. N. N. W. 
Columbus. Drained by portage r. and branches, on which 
are several mills. The v. on the N. side of the r. was laid 
out in 1S36, aad contains various mechanic shops, etc. Pop. 
of U 405. 

Portage, t, Ottawa co., Ohio: a narrow neck of land 
between Sandusky bay and Lake Erie, on which is Port 



I Clinton. The Sandusky and Fort Wayne R. E. passes 
through it. Pop. 377. 
PoRTAGF,. p. o., Cambria co.. Pviuu : 104 m.W'. Harrisburg. 
Portage, t., Hancock coimly, Ohio: drained by the he.ad 
waters of Portage r. Pop. 014. 

Portage, t.. Summit eo., Ohio: at the pt.rtage between 
the Cuyahoga and Tuscarawas rivers. The Ohio Canal and 
the Cleveland, ZancsvUle, and Cincinnati R. R. pass through 
it. Akron, the county seal, is located in the S. E. part. 
Pop. of t. 4,3SG. 

Portage, t., Livingston co., H. Y. : on the Genesee r., at 
Ibe Great Falls, at which the descent iu 2 m, is about 300 
leet. affording great water-power. The sceuciy is magni0- 
cent. Surface elevated and rolling; soil fi-rlile. The Cn-n- 
esee Valley Canal passes through tlie U, and also the Buffalo 
and New York City R. E. Pop. 3,47S. 

Portage, t. and v., Kalamazoo co., J^ch. : drained by 
Portage r. and the Sandy lakes. Surface level prairie; soil 
fertile. Pi.p. 726. 

Portage hike, Houghton co., 3luh. : this lake lies on the 
Keweenaw peninsula, and empties into Keweenaw bay, an 
arm of Lake Superior. It is very irregular in its shnpe. and 
has extensions N. and N. W., which bear the local names 
of Houghton's lake and Torch lake — the first extending 
N. W. almost to the opposite siile of Ihe peninsula. A navj- 
gatifiu might be formed through this lake, and a cauffl 
across the portage. 

■ Portage river, Ohio : an affluent of Lake Erie, into whi-^h 
it falls at Port Clinton. It affords good water-power, and 
dnuns the Black Swamp, an unhealthy, but whicli. if suit- 
ably drain<'d. would make a very fertile country. The har- 
bor is the oullet of a considerable region. 

Portage City, p. v., Columbia county. Wise. : .33 m. N. 
Madison. 

Portage Lake, p. o., Jackson co., Mich. : S4 ui. S. S. E. 
Lansing. 

Portageville, p. v., Wyoming co., K. Y. : on the W. 
side of Tienesee r.. 214 m. W. Albany. The river here falls 
about 3i'0 feet in 2 miles, principally in three peri)endirular 
descents, which furnish immense hydraulic power, and being 
surrounded by iiigh steep banks, attract many visit<irs by 
fhe graiideur of the scenery through Mhieh the r. passes. 
The Genesee Valley Canal cro-sses the r. here la an ai|ue- 
duct, and soon after enters a.lunnel 4 m. long. The v. con- 
tidiis several factories and mills, a dozen stores, and about 
1.000 inhabit.ants. 

Pout Allegitant, p. v., M'Kean co., Ppnn. : on the lefl 
bank of Allesrliany r., 134 m. N. N. W. Harrisburg. 

Port Allen, p. v., Louisa co., Jtu: on the left bunk of 
Iowa r., 26 m. S. S. E. Iowa City. 

Por.T Blancharp, p. v., Luzerne county, Penn.: 74 m. 
N. E. by N. Harrisburg. 

Port Bodega, v. an<l p. o., Sonoma co., Calif. : on a fine 
bay. opening to the Pacific, 63 m. N. W. V '.Ilejo. It was 
formerly a Russian station. 

Port Byron, p. v.. Rock Island co., IU.: on the Missis- 
sippi, 131 m. N. by W. Springfield. 

Port Btp.on. p. v., Cayuga co.. X. Y. : on the Erie Canal, 
2? m. W. <»f Syracuse, 146 m. W. Albany. It contains a 
lar^e flouring eslablishment, several mills, 20 stores, and 
1.201) inhabitants. 

Port Caddo, p. v., Harrison co.. Tex. : near the W. end 
of Lake Caddo, 272 m. N. E. Austin City. Steamers ply 
trova this point to Shreveport, freighted with the stjiples of 
the CO., principally cotton and corn, of which a large amount 
is shipped hence down Red river. 

Port Carbon, p. b., Schuylkill co., Penn.: on Schuylkill 
river, at the junction of Mill creek and head of Schuylkill 
Naviiralion Canal, lOS m. N. W. Philadelphia, 46 m. N. E. 
H:irrisl'urg. In 1S29 there was but one house here. The v> 
is the creation of the coal trade, which forms the almost ^-x- 
clu.'»ive employment. Pop. 2.142. 
Port Cuestek, p. v. aad sta., Westchester co., K Y. : oa 

691 



POR 



POR 



the W side of Byram r., here the E. line of the Slate, 108 m. 
e Albany It is 1 m- from lli« »'"""'' '"'^"' '" " "«'"'>''°"' 
landing, frum which boats ply to Ney York, and 29 m _N. E. 
of Sew Vork, on the New York and Now Haven Iv 1.. U 
contains several manufactories, 20 stores, and about 1,000 
inhabitants. . 

Poai CiJ-sTON, p. v., port, and cap. Ottawa co., Ohw on 
the S. side of Portage river, at iu entrance into Lake Eric, 
115 m N. Colambus. It has a good harbor, with a l.ght- 
honseatits entrance, and c.mtains a court-house, javl sev- 
eral stores and mills, and 249 inhabilanla. The railroad 
from Sandusky City to Fort Wayne passes through it. Im- 
ports in IS&O, $33,978, and exports, *-24,7oo. 

Poet Clinton, p. T., Lake county. 111. : 19S m. N. N. E. 

'Cf c'o-™., p. v., Schuylkill CO., ra.,u: at the conSu- 
ence of the L.tUe Schuylkill and the bchujdkiU, ^^ "t» e 
Z Water Gap In Blue Mountain, 51 m. E. N. t. llarris- 
burg It is one of the great coal dep6t. of the anthracite 
re7on, and being on the Imc of the Schuylki 1 Canal and 
Eeading E. K., it enjoys a large share oflhe trade connected 
with thf mines. The Little SehuylkUl E. K. also diverges 
from this point, and a number of other railways connecting 
with the mines are indheotly connected with the port. 
There are large iron works in the vicinity, and in the v. a 
rolling mUl of 1,600 tons annual capacity, also various me- 
chanic shops, stores, etc. 

Port Comwav, p. v., King George Co., P/V- •• "n the 
left bank of Rappahannock r., 48 m. N. by h. Uichmond. 

•W heat and corn are shipped here in large quantities. 
Pout Csane, p. v., Broome Co., A^. K : on Chenango r. and 

canal 8 urN'ot Biighampton, 107 m. W. by S. Albany. 
Po;t Depobtte, p. v., Cecil Co., M.: on the L. siile of 

Susquehanna river, 7 m. from its mouth, 51 in. N. E. bs N. 

Annapolis. It lies at the lower falls, and contains a bank 

and 300 inhabitants. .. ™- a,, „r 

PoBT DouoLAss, Essex comtty, M '• : °" '^^ ^L ^ J 

Champlain lake, and the landing lor Keesevdle, which is 7 

or 8 ra. W. of it. 

POKT Elizabeth, p. v., Cumberland county, ilT. Jer.: on 
Manamuskin creek, near its entrance into Maurice r., 61 m. 
S bv W Trenton. It is 15 m. from Uelawaro bay, and 
vi»sels of 100 tons come to the landing. Wood and lumber 
are exported m large amounts. It contains an academy, 
.everal stores and miUs, and about 600 inhaUiUinls. 

PORTEE eounty, M. Situate N. W., and contains »% 
sn m. Drained by Calumic r. and branches, and branch 
of Kankakee r., which runs on i.s S. border. Surface varied 
on the lake being elevated, while in the iulenor and to^vard 
L S. the land is generally level ; soil fertile, with the e.xcep- 
«on of some portion in the N., and the swamp on the Kan- 
kakee in the S. Chief productions, wheal and Indian com. 
There s some prairie land, and a large portion of the co. is 
covered with oak and other timber. 11 contains several 
Id lakls. Farms 467 ; maiiuf. 18 ; dwell. SS5, and pop.- 
X5» fr. col. ^^total ^^^ OaplUU: y^.r^ 
Public Works: Michigan Central Extension K L. . Ind - 
ana Northern K. U.; Michigan City Branch K. E., Im^I 
Wayne and Chicago E. E.; Logan.porl and Chicago I^ B. 
p!.KTEE. sta., porter CO., W.: 2 m. W. of Michigan Cily, 
on the Michigan Central E. E. . a., m 1 W 

Porter, t. and p. o., Van Buren co., M,ch. ; 82 m. S. W. 
Lansin-. It contams several ponds, but has no considera- 
ble sireiims. Surface mostly level, and soil of good quahty. 

^Popt^R, t. and p. o., Delaware co., Ohio: 25 m. N. N. E. 
Columbus. Drained by Walnut cr., which moves several 
mills. Surface somewhat uneven : soil very productive of 
grass and grain. The SpringSeld, Mount Vernon, and 
Pittsburg U. E. crosses it. Pop. 1,037. 

Porter, t, Niagara CO., JV. Y. : facing on Lake OnUirio 
and Nijigara r.. and drained by several creeks tailing into 
the lake." Surface level; soil argiUaceous and sandy loam. 
C92 



Ib the N. W. part oflhe town stands old Fort Niag.ira, and 
directly opposite, on the Canada shore, Fort George. Fort 
Niagara was taken by the British in Dec, ISIS, and deliv- 
ered up again in March, 1815. Youngslx>wn is a village on 
the Niagara river. Pop. of t. 2,455. 

Porter, t. and p. v., Oxford Co., Me. : on the W. line of 
the State,-and N. side of Ossipec river, 7) m. S. W. by W. 
Augusta. Surface slightly uneven; soil fertile and weU 
wooded. A farming and grazing U Pop. of 1 1,208. 

PoRTEEEiELD, p. o., Vcnango county, J^enn.: 173 m. 
N. W. by W. Harrisburg. 

Porter Eidge, p. 0., Susquehanna CO., Penn. : 117 m. 

N. N. E. Harrisburg. 

Porter's p. o., Carroll co, Md. : 46 m. N. W. Annapolis. 

Poetek'8, sta.. Middlesex co., Mam. : 3} m. from Boston, 

on the Fitchburg E. E. The Cambridge cattle market is 

held weekly at this station. 

Porter's Cor-nees, p. o., Saratoga co., N. T.: 84 m. 
N. by W. Albany. 

Porter's Cross Eoads, p. o.. Porter co„ Ina. : 121 m. 
N. N. W. Indianapolis. 

Porter's Falls, p. o., Wetzel CO., Yirg. : 223 m. N. W. 
Eiohmond. 

Pokterstille, p. T., Butler CO., Penn.: 174 m. W. by N. 

Harrisburg. ^tr a -nr 

PoRiERSviLLE, p. v., Tipton CO., Term. : 171 m. W. S. W. 

Nashville. t- i, o 

PORTEKSV1LI.E, p. v., Perry co., O/do: 45 m. E. by s. 

Columbus. 

Port Gibson, p. v., and cap. Claiborne co., Mas. : on 
Bayou Pierre, 23 m. from its entrance into the Mississippi, 
52 m. W. S. W. Jackson. The v. has a large trade in cot- 
ton, which is sent down the bayou in keel boats most of the 
year, or by land to Grand Gulf, its port. It contains a 
court-house, jail, academy, and 500 inhabitants. The 
" Herald and Correspondent" (whig) is published weekly. 

Port Gibson, p. v., Ontario co., K 1'. : on the Erie Canal 
34 m. E. of Eochester, 107 m. W. by N. Albany. 

Port Glasgow, p. v., Wayne co., A^ 1'.; on the S. side 
of Lake Ontario, 151 m. W. N. W. Albany. 

Pout Henrt, p. v., Essex Co., AT. Y. : on the W. shore of 
Lake Champlain, opposite Crown Point, 91 m. N. by E. 
Albany. It has a convenient steamboat landing, and con- 
tains extensive iron works, for which excellent ore is ob- 
tidncd in the immediate vicinity, and about 600 inhabitants. 
Por.T Homer, p. v., Jefferson co., OMo: 122 m. E. by N. 
Columbus. 

Port Hope, t. and p. o., Columbia co., TTisc. ,• 53 m. N. 
Miulison. Drained by Neenah river, on both sides of which 
it lies. Surface even, and soil rich. II has good miU privi- 
leges, and some timber. Pop. 603. 

Port Hudson, p. v., East Feliciana par.. La.: on the 
Mississippi at the mouth of Thompson's cr., '25 m. by the r., 
above Baton Eouge. It has a fine lan.ling Sir steamboats, 
■and does a large business in the shipping of cotton, sent 
here by the Clinton and Port Hudson E. E., of which it is 
the river terminus. 

Port Huron, t. and p. v., St. Clair county, Mich, : 113 m. 
E. by N. Lansing. Drained by Black r., emptying into the 
St. Clair, its E. boundary. Surface even, and well tunbered ; 
soil highly productive. The v. lies at the confluence of Black 
and St. Clair rivers, 2 m. S. of Lake Huron, has a good har- 
bor, and superior facilities for ship-building, and is largely 
engaged in the lumber business. Great amounts of excel- 
lent pine timber are sent down Black river, and manufac- 
tured or shipped here. It contains several llouring and saw 
mills, large lumber yards and commercial houses, and 
1,054 inhabitants. Fort Gratiot is about 1 ni. N. of the v. 
The " P. H. Observer" (dem.) is published weekly. Pop. 
of U 2,302. . 

Port Jackson, p. v.. Montgomery co., IT. T. : on the Erie 
Canal, and S. side of Mohawk r, 17 m. W. N. W. Scheneo- 
lady, 28 m. N. W. Albany. 



POR 



POU 



Port Jefferson, p. v., Suffulk; co., ,V. T. : on Ilie N. si<le 
of Long Island, at (he head of Drowned Meadow Harbor, 
lis m. S. S. E. Albany. It contains several ship-yards, and 
350 inhabitants engaged in ship-buiidins; and navigalitm. 

Port JEm'is, p. v., Orange co., iV. Y. : on Ihe left. banU 
of Delaware r., at Ihe confluence of NevL-rsink river. 94 ra. 
8. S. W. Albany. This place is on the Delaware and Hud- 
son €anal, and owes its origin and growth to that work. 
The Erie R. E. also passes through it, and at Delaware sla. 
are extensive depflts, engine-houses, offices, ete., l)elMnging 
to the ctjmpany. The business done here is chiefly in coal 
and timber. The scenery arounil the village is nKignificeiit. 
The Neversink is crossed by a bridge 55 feet liiirh. witli a 
span of 150 feet. The v. contains 4 or 5 churches, a female 
seminary, several schools, a large grist-mill, hotels and 
stores, and about 600 inhabitants. 

Port Kendalt., p. v., Essex co., IT'. Y. : on the W. shore 
of Lake Champlain, and N. side of Perou bay, U6 miles 
N. by E. Albany. 

Port Kendall, p. v., Orleans county, N. IT; on Lake 
Ontario. 32 ra. W. N. W. Rochester. 

Port Ef.nxedt, p. v., Montgomery co., Perm.: on the 
right bank of Schuylkill r.. 4 m. above Norristown, 7T ra. 
E. by S. llarrisburg. It is 21 m. N. W. Philadelphia, on Uie 
Philadelphia and Reading R. R. 

Port Kent, p. v., Essex co., J/. Y. : on Lake Champlain, 
12 ra. S. of Plattsburg. 122 m. N. by E. Albany. It occu- 
pies a commanding eminence, nearly opposite to Burling- 
ton, with whicb a steam ferry connects it, and eontains sev- 
eral stores, and 300 inhabitants. 

Portland, p. v., Dallas co., Akt. : on the left bank of 
Alabama river, 53 W, by S. Montgomery. 

PoRTLAXD, t. and p. V., Middlesex co,, Conrj. : on the E. 
side of lUt) Connecticut, 13 m. S. by E. Hartford. Surface 
level meadow on the river, back of it broken and adapted to 
grazing. Stretching along the river for about a mile, and 
nearly opposite Middletown, are the celebrated quarries of 
building stone, known as the "Portland stone.'' About 
600 men are employed, and the stone, which Is used in the 
most elegant public and private edifices, is sent to all parts 
of the Union. The University in Lontlon is also Iiuill of it. 
The V. is on the river, and connected by a steam firry with 
Middletown. It contains a flourishing academy, and seve- 
ral stores. At the lower end of the street, which is about 
2 m. long, are the quarries, and at the upper end a ship- 
yard, where vessels are built for the river and coasting 
trade. Pop. of t. 2,905. Taken from Chatham in 1S41. 

Portland, p. v;, Whitosides co., 111.: on the S. side of 
Eock r., 131 ra. N. by W. Springfield. 

Portland, p. v., Fountain co., Ind. : on the E. side of 
Wabash river, and on the ^V abash and Erie Canal, 66 miles 
W. N. W. Indianapolis* It contains 8 or 10 Stores and T&6 
inhabitants. 

Portland, p. v.. Van Buren co., Ta. : on the S. side of the 
Des Moim-s, 61 m. S. W. by S. Iowa City. 

Portland, p. v., Jefferson co., Kij.: on the Ohio, 3 m. 
below Loui8\iIle, 52 ra. W. by N. Frankfort. It is well 
built along the bank of the r., and contains several com- 
mercial houses, and about l,(i00 inhal)itants. Omnibuses 
ply hourly to Louisville, and a ferry connects it with New 
Albany on the N. side of the Ohio. 

Portland, p. v., port of entry, and cap. Washington eo., 
Oi'eg. : on the left bank of Willamette r., above its entrance 
into the Columbia, 4T m. N. l>y E. Salem. It is a place of 
considerable commerce, and has excellent prospi-cls of 
becoming a large city. Pop. 822. The territorial peniten- 
tiary is located here. 

Portland, t, p. city, port of entry, and cap. Cumberland 
CO., Me.r is situated on an elevated peninsula. -at W. ex- 
tremity of Casco bay, 54 m. S. S. W. Augusta, lat. (Mount 
Joy) 430 39' 52" N. ; and long. 70° 1-T 34" W. The penin- 
sula projects eastwardly into the bay, about 8 m. in length,. 
and has aa average width of three-fourths of a mile. Its i 



surface rises from each shore, forming throughout its entire 
length an elevated ridge, wliich, at its extremities, again 
risrs i[ito eonvi.k'nible hills, presi^-nling a marked oiitbne, 
and very beauliful aj^pearam-e.' The city is regularly laid 
out, and handsomely built, particularly its more modem 
portions, wliic-h are noted r..r ttieir elegant buildings, an-i is 
lighte.l with gas, Tlie main slrt-tt occupies the ridge of 
the peninsula, exlrurling from hill to hill. Many of the 
Btreetsareliued with elinsand other shade trees. The prm- 
cipal public building^ consist of the Exchange, which is 
an elegant structure, with handsome colonnatle and ilonie, 
eonlaining the post-office, custom-house, and I'niti.d States 
court rooms; the City Hall, built of brick ; the old Custom- 
hou.se, of granite, 16 churches, jail, elc. Then- are 6 banks, 
with an aggregate capital of $1,125,000. The capital of 
tlie city is chiefly employed in commerce, coastii.g trade, 
the fisheries, and inland trade ; hence its maimfuctures 
are, for the most part, those incident to a mercantile 
city. The Portl.ind Company, with a capital of $100,iliiO, 
have a large manufactory of loc'>molives, railroad cars, etc. 
Much attention is given to education in Ihe public schools. 
These consist of a classical schogl for boys, a higli school 
for girls. 4 grammar schriols (2 for boys an<l 2 for girls), and 
the primary schools. There are also numerous private 
schools and an academy. The Athenanmi, incorporated in 
1S27, has a library of over 6,000 volumes. The Natural 
History Society has a valuable collection of minerals, speci- 
mens, etc. Two daily newspapers are published. " Adver- 
tiser" (whig), and " Eastern .\rgus" (dem.), which also issue 
tri-weekly and weekly editions. Besides these ai;e seven 
weeklies,viz., " Transcript" (lit). " Christian Mirror" (Pres.), 
"Zion's Advocate"' (Bapt,.), *' Inquirer" (F. soil). - Pleasure 
Boat" (miseel.), " Cold AVater Fountain" (Teni[).), and " Na- 
tional Democrat." The " Scholar's Lear'(educa.). is issued 
semi-monthly. The natural advantages of this city (or trade 
and commerce have been well improved by its enterprising 
citizens. The harbor is capaiious and safe, and among the 
best in the United States. It is protected by islands from 
the violence of storms, is seldom obstructed by ice, has a 
good entrance, and is <lefended by forts Preble and Scammel, 
the former garrisoned by U. P. artiller}'. At Ihe E. ex- 
tremity of the city is a tower, 7'^ feet high, erected for the 
purpose of observing vessels at sea, and furnished wilb 
signals. The harbor is connected by the Cumberland and 
Oxford Canal, 20^ m. long, with Sebago pond, and thence 
with Long pond, etc. Four important railroads now centre 
at Portland, and contribute greatly to its prosperity. The 
Portland, Saco, and Portsmouth R. E., 51 m. long, was 
opened in 1S42, completing the line of railroads from Bos- 
ton to this city, 105 ra. The extension of tliis route, called 
Portland and Kennebec E. E., is completed to Augusta, 
60 m. The York and Cumberland E. E. (now open to 
Gorliam. 10 m.) is in construction. tr> connect at Snulh Ber- 
wick with the Boston and Maine E. E. The construction 
of the Atlantic and St. Lai\TPnee E. E., commenced in 1S44, 
has been actively prosecuted from each terminus, Portland 
and Montreal, and will soon be completed. Ey contract it 
is to be finished in 1S53. Through this important avenue 
will pass a large proportion of the products of the north and 
west for shipment to Europe and elsewhere. The foreign 
commerce of tiie city is chiefly with the West Indies and 
Europe. Its chief exports are lumber, ice, flsh, provisions, 
etc. The coasting trade is principally with Boston, and 
during the summer a steamboat plies daily to that city. On 
30th -Tune. l.^^tO. the total tonnage of district was SG,5ii2 tons, 
of which 60-"04 tons were registered, and 26,19S t<uig en- 
rolled and licensed. The registered tonnage consisted, of 
46.621 tons permanent, and 13.6S3 tons temporary, of which 
100 tons were propelled by steam. The enrollt-d and 
licensed tonnage consisted of 25.665 tons '■permanent." 
wlilch were employed as follows: in coasting trade, 19,427 
tons; in cod fishery, 3.23S tons; in mackerel fishery, 3,000 
tons ; and 533 tons " licensed under 20 tons," which were in 

693 



POR 



FOR 



the cod fishery. During the fi^^cal yenr preceding Uie totnl 
or clearances for foreign counTnea wjis 523— 77,645 tiHis ; the 
loUil of entranc<.-s do. wua 447— G4. 105 Ions. Yesscls buill 
duririfr the year prt-Cfiding. '29v2ii :?hi|to, 5 1'rigs, 3 scliuoncrs, 1 
BtfunuT)— il.47T urns. Pop. in 1330, 12,598: in 1S40,35,21S; 
ill ISoH. 2ii,S15. 

PoiiTLASp, t. and p. v., Ionia co., McTi. : 22 m. W. N. W. 
Laiisinsr. jnlersected by Grantl r., which here receives 
Lonkinic-Ghiss r. from Ihe E. Surface level; soil alluvjrd 
boitmn oi gn-nt fertility. The v. is on Grand r., and con- 
tains several hiills. Pop. 7G3. 

PoKTi.AND, p. v., Callaway co., J/o. ; on the N. bank of 
the Missouri, 27 m. E. N. E. Jefferson City. 

Portland, t. and p. o., Chaulauque co., N'. Y. : on Lake 
Erie, 2S3 ra. "W. by S. Albany. Drained by small affluents 
Of the lake, some of which afford water-power. Surface 
hilly, and inclining to the lake; soil sandy loam, and gen- 
erally fertile. It has a good harbor, and is crossed by the 
Buffalo and Slate Line R. R., on which is Centreville sta., 
10 m. S. W. of Dunkirk. Pop. 1,905. The light-house is 
lighted with natural gas, which issues from the ground. 

Portland, p. v., and cap. Jay co., Ind, See Jay C. H. 
Pop. 7S6. ^ 

PoHTLAND Mills, p. v., Parke co., Tnd. : on Big Raccoon 
creek, 44 m. "W. Indianapolis. 

PoRTLANDviLLK, p. V., Otsego CO., N. T. .' ou the Susque- 
hanna, 62 m. W. by S. Albany. It contains several mills and 
800 inhabitants. 

Port Lataoca, p. v., and cap. Calhoun co.. Teas. : on the 
W. 3ide.of Lavncea bay, 1^34 m. S. E. by S. Austin City. It 
has a good harbor, which has been much improved of late, 
is extensively engaged in the coasting trade, and is the 
shipping port for the products of the rich district bordering 
the Lavacea and its tributaries. It is also the proposed 
terminus of the San Antonio and Gulf R. l\. 

Port Letden, p. v., Lewis co., X Y. : 9S N. "W. by "W. 
Albany. 

PoRxLomsA, p. v., Louisa CO., /a..' on the Mississippi, 
S6 m. S. E. lowir City. 

Port Mercer, p. v., Mercer co., 2*K Jer. : on the Delaware 
and Karitan Canal, 7 m. N. E. by N. Trenton. 

PoKT OxTAEio, p. v., and port, Oswego co., *V^ Y. : on the 
E. shore of Lake Ontario, at the mouth of Salmon r., 186 m. 
W. N. W. Albany. It has a good harbor, improved by a 
pier constructed by the general government, and contains 
about 800 inhabitants. 

Post Osfokd, p. v., and port, Umpqua co., Oreg. Tei\ : on 
the coast of the Pacific, IGO m. S. S. W. Salem. A 0. S. 
military post is kept up here, garrisoned by dragoons. 

Port Penn. p. v., Newcastle co., Del. : on Delaware r., 
opposite Reedy Island, 24 m. N. by W. Dover. 

Port Perry, p. v., Alleghany county, Penn.: 154 m.'W. 
flarrisburg. 

Port Perky, p. v., Perry co., Mo, : on the Mississippi, 
129 m. E, by S. Jefferson City. 

Port Preston, v., Refugio co., Tex. : at the entrance of 
Mission r. into Aransas bay, about 20 m. below Refngio— the 
county seat. 

Port Providence, p. v., Montgomery co., Penn. : Tl m. 
E. by S. Harrisburg. 

PoKT Republic, p. v., Calvert co,, Md.: 85 m. S. Annapolis. 

Port Republic, p. o., Atlantic co., liT. Jer. : 47 m. S. by E. 
Trenton. 

Pt)RT Republic, p. v., Rockingham county, Vlrg. : on She- 
nandoah r., at the confluence of South r.. SS m. N. "W. by W. 
Richmond. It contains several mills and 300 inhabitants. 
■ Port RionMOND, p. v., Philadelphia co., Penn.: on the 
Delaware, opposite Pelty's Island, about 2 m. above Phila- 
delphia, 94 m. E. by S. Harri3t)urg. Here is the dep6t and 
shipping place of the Philadelphia and Ke.iding R. R. In 
the last 9 months of 1S52, S ships, 94 barks, 571 brigs, 5,4S2 
ecliooners, 334 sloops, and 2,759 barges were loaded with 
coal at this place. 
694 



PoBT Richmond, p. v., Richmond co., N. Y. : on the N, 

side of Staten Island, 9 m. S. "W. New York, 131 m. S by W. 
Alb.iny. It contains a valuable granite quarry, and about 
500 inhabitants. A steam ferry coaueots it with New York, 

Pout Royal, p. o., Henry co., Ki/.: 22 m? N. N. W. 
Frankfort 

Port Royal, p. v., Juniata co., Penn. : on the S. sJde of 
"W. branch of Susquelianna r., 31 m. W. N. Vf. Uarrisburg. 

Port Royal, p. v., Montgomery co., Teiin. : on Red r., 
33 m. N. W. Nashville. It contains several mills and stores 
and 250 inhabitants. 

Port Roval, p. v., Caroline ca, Virg. : on the right bank 
of Rappahannock r., 44 m. N. N. E. Richmond. Large 
quantities of wheal, corn, and tobacco are shipped Ijere, 
and a considerable trade with the interior is kept up. A 
ferry crosses the r. It has a good wharf and 9tcaml>oat 
landing, and contains 2 academies, a dozen stores, and 470 
inhabitants. 

Portsmouth, p. v., Dauphin co,, Pen/n. : on the Susque- 
hanna r., 8 m. below Harrisburg. 

Pop.TSMOUTti, t., p. -city, port of entry, and one of the caps. 
Rockingham co., N. Ramp.: on the S. side of Piscataqua 
r, 3 ra. from the ocean, 41 m. E, by 9. Concord. Lat. (Tni- 
tarian church) 43° 4' 35" N. ; long. 70° 45' 50" W. Tliis is 
the largest town and only seaport in the State. Its site rises 
gradually from the harbor, is pleasant and healthy. The 
eity is not regularly laid out, but its streets, though narrow, 
are neatly built, and contain many handsome buildings. 
This t. was settled in 1623, and incorporated in 1633. It has 
several times suffered severely by fires, but lias been rebuilt 
with improved appearance. It has long been noted f'>r its 
commercial enterprise, and its capit^tl is mainly employed in 
navigation. Many vessels, though owned at this pi^rt, are 
employed elsewhere. Ship -building is largely carried on. 
The principal manufactories are : Portsmouth steam faL-tory, 
erected 1^40^7, 200 feet long, 6 st«iries high, making fine 
cotton fabrics, a very superior establishment ; an extensive 
manufactory of hosiery — also one of twist; machine shop 
and car fact^iry ; iron foundry, etc. There are 3 banks, ag- 
gregate cap. $491,000. The-t is supplied with good water 
from a fountain, 3 m. distant, by a company formed in 1799. 
Among the public buildings are5 or G handsome churches, 
an athena'um, academy^the State lunatic hospital, 2 market- 
honses, alms-house, etc. The Athenreum, incorporated 1S17, 
has a handsome brick edifice, 3 stories high, with a library 
of 7,300 volumes, besides cabinets of minerals an<l of natural 
history. Portsmouth is connected with Boston by the East- 
ern R. R., 54 m. ; from Portland, 51 m. ; and with Concord, 
by the Portsmouth and Concord R. R,, 47 m. The Piscata- 
qua, in passing the t, is from J to } m. wide, and though it 
fiows with such rapidity as prevents its freezing in winter, 
it forms one of the most secure and commodious harbors in 
the I^ S. The harl>or has 40 feet of water in the channel at 
low tide, and is protected from storms by headlands and its 
islands. It is defended by Fort Constitution, on Great 
Islan<i, and other forts. The U. S. Navy Yard, located on 
Continental or Badger's Island, on the E. side of the river, 
contains a dry dock of costly construction, and 3 immense 
ship houses, the largest of which. 240 feet long, 181 feet 
wide, has tls roof covered with 13ii tons of state. A naval 
officer is stationed at this port. The toUil tonnage of Ports-, 
moulh, district on 80th June, 1S50, w.as 2S.(i9G tons. The 
registered tonnnge was 14,979 tons, of which 12.069 were 
permanent, and 2,910 temporary. The enrolled and licensed 
tonnage consisted of 8,117 tons, of wiiich 7,511 were perma- 
nent, 3i>3 temporary, and 21S tons " licensed under 20 tons" 
in the cod fishery. The coasting trade employed 4,025 tons, 
cod fishery 2,GG4 tons, mackerel fishery 1,204 tons. During 
the year ending 80th June, 1S50, the number of clearances 
for foreign comitrles was 107—8,213 tons; number of 
entrances do., 110—11,044 tons. Vessels built during the 
yenr, 10 — S ships, 2 schooners — 6.914 tons. Newspapers— 
**P. Dispatch," daily; "Rockingham Messenger-' (iadep.) 



POR 



POT 



"N. II. Guzelte" (dem.), 'T- Journal" (wliig), weekly. ( 
Pop. in ISIO, 6,9U\ in 1S20, T,.S27; in 1S80, S,0S2; in 1>4<), 
7,SS7; in 1850, 9,739. 

PoRTSiiouTii, p. v., Carteret co., JV. Car. : 148 m. E. by S. 
Ealfi'igh. It is on (he S. side of Ocracoke iidel to Patnlico 
Sound, and principally inhiibited by ti>hernien and pilots. 

PoKi-SMouTii, p. v., and cap. Scioto co., OMo : on the Oliio 
river, at the mouth of Scioto r., S3 m. S. Columbua. The t. 
presents a handsome appearance from tlie r., is well built,' 
and is surrounded by the most fertile district of the Ohio 
valley. Tlie v. contains a fine court-house, several churches, 
an excellent academy, bank, marUet-house, jail, etc. Iron 
manufactures are extensively prosecuted, from the abund- 
ance of iron ore in the vicinity. Mineral coal and fine 
build i^g-st one are also abundant; the latter is niucli used in 
Cincinnati, The building and repairing of steamboats is 
carried on ujMin the opposite side of the Scioto. Newsjin- 
pers—" Tribune and Clipper" (whig), daily and weekly; 
*'P. Dispatch" (dem.), daily ; " P. Enquirer" (whig), weekly, 
The Scioto and Ilo^^king A' alley P. H. runs henc* through 
the mineral district, connecting at Newark with the several 
E. and W. lines, and those to Sandusky, Clevelan<l, etc. 
liere also terminates the Ohio Canal from Cleveland, 309 m, 
in aggregate length. Pop. in 1S50, 4,011. 

Portsmouth, p. V. and port, Norfolk co.,Vir(/.: on the 
■W. side of Elizabeth r., opposite Norfolk, SO m. 8. E. Rich- 
mond. Its harbor is one of the best in the U.S.. permiltint; 
vessels of the largest class to come up to the wharves. Tlie 
village is regularly laid out, with streets crossing at right 
angles, and contains a court-house, jail, 5 churches, bank, 
etc. The SoJi-board and Roanoke K. R. extends W. from 
Portsmouth to Weldon, SO miles, connecting with the main 
line of coast railroad, and a line is now being constructed 
from Portsmnuth to Petersburg. Adjoining Portsmouth is 
Gosport. containing the navy yard, dry dock, etc. Popula- 
tion, G.3T1. 

PoRTSMOTTTH, t. and p. v., Newport county, li. I. : 19 m. 
S. by E. Providence. It comprises the N. part of /?. /. an<! 
several adjacent islands in Narragansett bay. Soil c^■ery- 
where fertile, and under high cultivatioti. Large flocks 
and dairies are kept, and much grain and fruit raised. Coal 
and plumbago are found. Many of the inhabitants are en- 
gaged in the coasting trade and fisheries. A bridge on the 
E. side connects it with Tiverton, and on the N. a ferry 
plies to Bristol. Pop. 1,S33. 

Poet Tobacco, p. v., and cap. Charles co., Mcf.: at the 
head of Tobacco r., 8 m. from (he Potomac, 42 m. S. W. 
Annapolis. It has an extensive trade in tobacco, the staple 
of the CO., and contains a court-house, jail, and about 500 
inhabitant.s. The " P. T. Times" (neut.) is issued weekly. 

Pout Union, p. v., Butler county, Ohio: 82 m. W. S. W. 
Columbus. 

PuitTYiLLE, t. and p. v., Cattaraugus co., TV. Y. : on the 
8. line of the SUite, 232 m. "W. by S. Albany. Brained by 
Alleghany r. and branches, on which are numerous saw- 
mills. Surface broken; soil sandy loam, and heavily 
timbered with pine. Pop. 747. 

Port WALTnALL, v. and port, Chesterfield county, T7/Y/. .' 
on the Appomattox r., 19 ra. S. S. E. Richmond. A short 
branch from the Richmond and Petersburg R. E. comes up 
to this place, coimecting with the James river steamers 
plying to Norfolk, etc. 

Port Walthall JtTNCTiox, sta., Chesterfield co., Virg. : 
6 m. N. of Petersburg, on the Richmond and Petersburir 
E. R. A branch R. R. diverges hence to connect with 
steamers at Port Walthall. 

Port Wasuington. p. v., and port Tuscarawas co., Ohio: 
on the Ohio Canal and the right bank of Tuscarawas r.. 
78 m. E. by N. Columbus. It contains several stores and 
warehouses, and ^00 inhabitants. Imports in 1S50, $27S.311, 
and exports, $48,277. 

Port William, p. v., Franklin co., Mo. : 4 m. S. of the 
Missouri, 67 m. E. Jefferson City. 



Poi:t William, p. v., Clinton en,, OJu'o : on Anderson*5 
fork of Litllr Miami r., 49 m. S. W. Cnhmibus. 

Posicv county, Jmf. Situate S. W., and contains 40S sq. m. 
Drained by Big and Flat creeks. Irib^Uaries of the Wabash 
r., which forms its western boundary. Surface varied; in 
general it is rolling, but there are some hilly portions, and 
on the Ohio and Wabash the land in many places terminates 
in high bluffs; soil moderately fertile and best adiipted to 
corn and grazing. Chief productions, wheat and Indian 
corn. Pork is exported largely. It ctrntaiiis some good 
beds <if coal, and has a quantity of fint; tiinl^t-r, some of 
which is exp»>rled. Farms 1.270; mnnuf. 20; dwell. 2.260, 
and pop.— wh. 12,451, fr. col. 9S~total 12,549. Oipital: 
Mount Vernon. 

PoREY, p. o., Madison co., Ky. : 58 m. S. E. Frankfort. 

PusEYVtLLE, p. v., Posey CO., Ind.: 135 m. S. W. by S. 
Indianapolis. 

Post Creek, p. o., Chemung co., X. Y. : 153 m. W. S. W. 
Albany. 

Post Mill Villagb, p. v., Orange county, Venn.: on 
Ompompanoosue r., 31 m. S. E. by S. Montpelier. 

Post Oak, p. o., Yallabusha co., Mi^s. : 119 m. N. by E. 
Jackson. 

Post Oak, p. o., Johnson co.. Mo. : So m. W. Jefferson 
City. 

Post Oak, p. o., Iredell co., AC Car. : 128 m. W. by N. 
Raleigh. 

Post Oak Springs, p. o., Roane co.,7(??i?;. ; llOm.E. by S. 
Nashville. 

P<-sTTowN,8ta., Butler CO.. Ohio: 2(T'm. S.itf Dayton, on 
the Cincinnati, Ilaniiiton, and Dayton R. R. 

PdSTViLLE, p. v., and cap. Logan co., lU. : on Salt cr., 
28 m. N. E. by N. Springfield. It contains a courl-house, 
jail, several stores and mills, and about 500 inhabitants. 

PosTviLLR, p. v., Alleniakee co.. In.: 95 m. N. Iowa City. 

Postville, p. v., Herkimer co., A^ Y.: 78 m. W. N. W. 
Albany. 

Potato Creek, p. o., Ashe co., X. Car. : 173 m.W. by N. 
Raleigh. 

PoTEAu river, Ind. Ter. : a small tributary of the Arkansas 
river, which it enters at Fort Smith. 

Potecasi, p. o., ifJorihampton co., K Car. : 87 m. E. N. E. 
Raleigh. 

PoTv'MAO river, Md. and Virg. : rises in two branches, 
the N. and the S., which unite in Hampshire co., near the 
Alle-ahany Mountains, and thence forms, lIirou;:h nearly its 
whole course, the boundary between Virginia and Mary- 
land. At Alexandria, 290 m. from the ocean, it is \\ m. 
wide; it is 550 ra. long, and enters Che.'^apealie bay, be- 
tween Point Lookout and Smith's Point, by a moulh 10 m. 
wide. It is navigable for ships of the line to the navy yard 
in Washington, 300 m. from the ocean, and 3 w. below the 
heaii of tide-water. Above this it is obstm.-ted I)y numerous 
lulls and rapids. Little Falls are 3 m. above Washingloii, 
with a descent of 37 feet, around which is a canal 2i m. long, 
with 3 lix^ks. Great Falls are 8^ m. above^ d^sceod per- 
pendicularly 76 feet, around which is a canal ofS locks. 
Seneca Falls, 5 m. above, descend iO feet; Shenandoah 
Falls. 60 m. above, are, at the passage of the river, through' 
the Blue Ridge; Houris Falls are 5 m. above. Around all 
these falls canals have been conslnioted. The fall of the 
Potomac, from the mouth of Savage r., which, enters the 
Potomac at Weslport, to Cumberland, 81 m., ia 445 feet 
from Cumberland to the Shenandoah Falls, 130 m*, 490 
feet; at the Shenan,dr>ah, in SJ m., 43 feet from tlje She- 
nandoah to Great Falls, 40 m., .39 feet; and Ihenco to tide- 
water, 12 m., 14^J feet-^the whole descent from Ih*; mouth 
of Savagi^" rivet to tide-water, 219 m.,i3 1,160 feet. Its prin- 
cipal Iril)ulary is the Shenandoah, 200 m. long, and navi- 
gable 100 ni., which enters it on the S. side from Virginia, 
immediately befttre its passage through the Bhio Ridge. 
ThuH passage is a great curiosity, and its surrouudinif sceiH 
ery very grand. The Potomac i«; 43 feel deep, r.t ii5 mouthv 

695^ 



POT 



POU 



80 at St George's island, IS at Swan's Point, an(J thence to 
Alexandria. 

PoTosi, p. v., and cap. Washini^rlon co., 3fo. : S3 m. 
8. E. by E. Jefferson City. It lies in llie heart of a rich 
mining rr-ginn. abounding in It-ad'and iron ores. Tlie It-ad 
ore, in the form of 3Ul|tliurct or carboiiali.', yieUlsXroin 70 to 
SO per ceiiL of pure metal. Zinc blende and ciilaniini; are 
also found in gn.-nt quantities here. Tlu* v. eonlsdns a court- 
house, JutI, aeadi-niy, and about 1,000 iidiabitaul^ In it^ 
vicinity are sl-vituI iron furnaces. 

PoTosi, L and p. v.. Grant co,, Whc : on the Mississippi, 
74 m.W. 8.\V. .Mudison. Drained by Grant and Big Platle 
rivers, which flow on its W. and E. borders. Surface un- 
even ; soil Mioderati-ly fertile. The v. is largely engaged In 
shipping the lead, which is mined in imuiense quantities in 
the vicinity, down the river, and has a pnpulalion of about 
1,000. The " P. Kepublii'an" is issued wcL-kly. 

Potsdam, t., p. v., and sla., St. Lawren<je co., 2^. K: on 
Eacket river, 156 ni. N. N. W. Albany. Surface undu- 
lating; soil sandy loam, and very productive, underlaid by 
limestone and red sandstone, very fine building materials. 
The V. receives abundant water-power frum falls in Eacket 
river, improved by various mills and factories. The St. 
Lawrence Academy, here located, is a flourishing chartered 
institution, having 2 liirg* stone edificcs,4 stories high. The 
"St. Lawrenee Mercury" (neut.), and the "Courier" are 
published weekly. The Northern E. E. passes through the 
town, N. of the village, 25 m. from Ogdcnsburg, 93 m. from 
Eouse'a Point, and the Watertown and NorlluTn Junction 
E. E. is now being constructed. Pop. of t, 5,34!'. 

PoTTEi: county, Penn, Situate N., and contains 1,064 
sq. m. Draini;d by affluents of W. branch of Susquehanna 
river, bead branches of Genesee, Tioga, and Alleghany 
rivers, and Pine, Simreraahoning, and Kelde creeks. Sur- 
face somi-'whal elevated; soil a rich loam, and productive. 
It contains fine buds of coal, and iron ore of a good quality, 
and is well timbered. Farms 6S^ ; manuf. 55 ; dwell. 1.185, 
and pop.— wh. C,U42, fr. col. 6— total C,04S. Capitiil: Cou- 
dersport. 

Potter, t. and p. o., Yates co., K Y.: 169 m. W. by N. 
Albany. Drained by Flint or. Surface hilly: soil fertile, 
gravelly loam ; a superior farming and, grazing t Pop- 
ulation 2,194. 

PoTTEE FLArn, sta., Merrunac county, K. BaTnp.: 30 m. 
N. W. of Coneord, on the Norlherti E. E. 

Potter's Creek, p. o., Ocean co., 2f. Jet: : 27 m. E. S. E. 
Trenton. 

Potter's Hill, p. v.,Washington co., R. I. : 29 m.S, S. W. 
Providence. 

Potter's Hill, p. o., Eenssclaer co., K. T. 

Potter's Hollow, p. v., Albany county, iV. Y. : 29 m. 
8. W. by Vi. Albany ; a farming settlement, near the head 
of the Cat^kill. 

Potter's Mills, p. o., Centre county, Penn. : 55 m. N. "W. 
Harrisburg. 

PoTTBRSviLLE, p. V., Hunlerdon county, Jf. Jer. : 29 m. 
N. Trenton. 

PoTTER-sviLLE. p. V., "WarrcD CO., 2f. Y. : on Schroon r., 
71 m. N.Albany. 

Pottf.rsville, p. v., Mahoning co., Ohio: 129 m. E. N. E. 
Coiumbus. 

ptKTEasviLLE, p. v., Cheshire county, JV! Uamp. : 83 m. 
8. W. by W Concord. 

Pottowatonue county, la. Situate W. toward the S., 
and conlainri about 950 sq. m. Drained by Nishnabatona r., 
and Keg, Mosquito, and Gophen creeks, all branches of 
Missouri r., which runs on its western border. Surface un- 
dulating; s'lil fertile. Set off since 1S50. 

Pott's Crkek, p. o., Alleghany co., Viry. : 140 m. "W. by N. 
Eichmond. 

Pott's G rove, p. v., Northumberland co., Penn. : 49 m. N. 
Harrisburg. 

Pott's Grove, t, Montgomery county, Penn.: CG m. E. 



Harrisburg. Drained by Manatawny and Sprngel's Eun, 
and the Schuylkill r. bounds it on the south. Surface hilly; 
soil red shale. Tlie p. o. is at Potlalown. There are several 
furnaces, roHing-miJIs, etc. in the town, and also other 
manufactures. Pop. 2,711. 

Pott's Mills, p. o., Jessamine county, Ay. ; 32 m. S. E, 
Frankf..rt. 

Pottstown, p. b., Montgomery co., Penn.: on the left 
'bank oCSchuylkiU r., at the mouth of Manatawny cr., 05 m. 
E. Uarrisburg. It has good water-power, and contains au 
academy, a forge, a rolling-mill, using steam, several IUi;tories 
and mills, and 1,647 inhabitants. Near it is a furnace of 
1,400 tons Ciipaciiy. The Sehuylkill canal passes along the 
r., and the Philadt-lpliia and Eeading K. E., by which 
it is 40 m. from Philadelphia. Two weeklies are'imb- 
lished, the "M. Ledger" (dem.), and the "NeutralisL" 
Pop. G47. 

PoTTSviLLE, p. o., Washington co,, la. 

PorrsviLLE, p. v., Schuylkill county, Penn. : near the 
Schuylkill, above the gorge where that river breaks through 
Sharp Mountain, 46 m. N. E. by E. Harrisburg. PottsvillCj^ 
as incorporated in 1S23, embraces also the once separate 
villages of Mount Carbon, MorrisviUe, Greenwood, Salem, 
Bath, and AUcnville. Mount Carbon comprises the southern 
part of Poltsvllle lying in the valley between Sliarp and 
Second mountains. The scenery of the surrounding country 
is wild and picturesque, and in its mountainous topography 
presents many romantic localities. 

Pottsville is noted as a great mining dcpOt for the 
antbracite and iron regions of the Upper Stdniylkill. The 
Sfbuylkitl Canal has its terminus at this point, and also the 
Philadelphia, Eeading, and Pottsville E. E., which here 
conut'ct with several railroads leading to the neighboring 
miuL-s, and with the Sunbury and Erie E. E. now in course 
of eun)?truetion between the two places. This lattL-r road- 
when completed will furnish one of the nearest routes from 
the Atlantic coast and the lakes, and insure to Philadelphia 
its just share of the commerce of those inland waters. The 
canal an<i the Eeading E. E. are the avenues over which 
most of the coal from the Schuylkill region is carried. The 
quantity of anthracite sent to market in 1S51, was 2,17S,5S4 
tons. 

The borough contains numerous iron works, machine and 
engine shops, extensive warehouses, stores of various kinds, 
mechanic shi^ps, breweries, tanneries, and numerous mer- 
cantile houses. It has a bank— cap. ^200,OU0, several 
spacious hotels, 6 or 7 churches, generally of respectable 
appearance, several public buildings — the town hall, au 
academy, and 13 public schools with 042 scholars, and there 
are published here four weekly newspapers, viz., the 
" Milling Ecgistcr'' (ilem.), the " P. Emporium" (dem.), the 
"Miner's Journal" (whig), the "Free Press" (whig), each 
circulating from 1,000 to 1,500 copies at each issue. 

Tlie place w.ts originated and has been sustained by the 
coal and iron interest. It is the largest and most important 
town in the county. In 1S4'I it contained 4,345 inhabibints, 
and in 1S50 it had 7,940 inhabitants, being an Incre.ise in 
the decade of S2.9 per centum. The distance to Philadel- 
phia by railroad is 93 miles. 

Pouch CREtui, p. c, Campbell co., Ten7i. : 131 m. E. by 
N. NashviUe. 

PoixuKEEPSiE, p. v., Allen co., Ind. : lOS m. N. E. by N. 
Indianapolis. 

PouciUKEEi'srE, t., p. v., and cap. Duchess couijty, IT. Y.: 
66 m. S. Albany. Drained by Wappinger's and Fall creeks, 
whieh supply waler-power. Surface undulating, and in 
some parts rough and broken; soil sand, clay, and loam, 
underlaid by limestone, and very fertile. The v. lies on the 
E. bank of Hudson r., and is an important manuf.iolaring 
and commereiid point. LaU 4P 41' N. ; long. 73° 55' W, 
The ground on which built is elevated about 200 feet 
above the river, and extends into it by two bold promon- 
tories on the north and south, forming a large open basin 



POU 



PRA 



in front of the landing. The streets are n-gvilarly laid out, 
and are spacious, with many handsome and aubstimtial 
buildings. Main Street, leading back from the landing, is 
the principal sircet. Many of the (■hurelics, of which there 
are 16-or 17, are expensive edifices, and tasteful and ele^ut 
in their architectural embellishments. The v. contains the 
county court-Imuse, jail, 4 banks— cap. $600,000, a savings' 
institution, the county poor-house, a collegiate school, an 
academy, and female seminaries, numerous public schools, 
a lyccum, two market-houses, and a ^'ariety of oHicr public 
buildings and institutions. The newspapers published here 
are tlie •■ P. Journal and Eagle" (whig), the " P. Telegraph" 
(deni.), and the " P. American" (K. S.), all issued weekly, 
and having extensive circiilatiou. The Cotlegiate School 
Las a fine location on a hill, about a mile from the river, 
and the building, modeled after the Parthenon, is 137 feet 
long, erected at a cost of $40,000. The Duchess County 
Academy has a building in the S. E. part of the viljage, 
which cost $14,000. The State and National Law School 
has recently been removed from lialston to Poughkeepsio. 
A large business with the back country is transacted at 
Poughkeepsie. The principal manufactures, brass and iron 
ware, carpets, cotton goods, pins, guns, leather, &perm oil, 
candles, agricultural implements, carriages, plaster, ma- 
chinery, crockery, etc. Fallkill, wliich, winding through the 
village, falls through a ravine 170 feet into the Hudson, 
furnislies immense water-power. The largest manufacturing 
establishments are company concerns. One company manu- 
factures locomotives, railroad machinery, etc., another is 
incorporated for the growth and manufacture of silk, and 
another invests its capital in the whale fishery, and in the 
manufacture of oil and caudles. TJie largest brewery in the 
Slate, located here, makes SIj.OOO barrels of ale annually. 
The several found^es, machine shops, etc., are among the 
largest in the Union. 

Pouglikeepsie has a connection with the principal river 
towns, Albany and New York city, by steamboats which 
are constantly plying. Tlie Hudson ri\ er R. K. also passes 
through the village equi-distant between New York and 
Albany — the route to either being 75 m. in length. 

Poughkeepsie was incorporated in ISOl. Its name is said 
to have originated from the Indian name of the place, 
Apokeepsing " safe harbor." Its population, in 1S30, was 
7.22'2; in 1S40, 10,006; and in 1350, 13,944; the decenniiil 
increase having been from 1S30 to 1S40, 3S.o4 per cent, and 
from 1S40 to 1S50, 39.35 per cent. In 17SS the State con- 
vention met here to deliberate on the adoption of the United 
States Constitution, and on other occ-asions it has been the 
"half-way house"' between the political and commercial 
capitals of the State. 

PouGUQUAG, Duchess CO., 2^. T. : 6S m. S. Albany. 

PouLTNEY, sta., Rutland co., Verm, : 7 m. S. of Castleton, 
on the Rutland and Washington R. R. The I. of Poullnej', 
drained by the river of the same name, has a diversified 
surface, and a warm, fertile soil. The v., near the centre, 
contains some 70 dwellings, and there is also a pleasant v. 
in the west. In the t. are several furnaces, mills, etc., and 
2,329 inhabitants. 

PouLTKEY river, VefTn.: rises in Tinmouth, and flows 
W. into E. bay of Champlain lake. It is about 25 m. long, in 
its course affording good water-power, and for a little dis- 
tance is the dividing line between Vermont and New 
York. 

Pound, p. c, Russell co., Virg.: at the E. base of Cum- 
berland mts., and on a S. fork of the W. branch, of Big 
Sandy r., 274 m. W. by S. Richmond. 

PorNDP.rDGE, t- and p. v., "Westchester co., N. Y. : 103 m. 
S. by E. Albany. Surface hilly and stony; soil gravelly 
loam. A farming and grazing t., with several small manu- 
factories. The village conUiins two churches, and about 40 
dwellings. Pop. 1,4^6. 

PoTEETY IIiLi., p. o., Edgefield dlst., S. Ocr. : about 3 m. 
E. of Savannah r., 71 m. S. W. by W. Columbia. 



Powder Spring Gap, p. o., Grainger co., Tenn.: 186 m. 
E. Na^shville. 

PowDF.B Sphings, p. o.. Cobb CO., 6V(. ; near Sweet Water 
cr., a W. branch of Chattahoochee r., 105 m. N. W. by W. 

Milledgeville. 

PowicLL's river, Virg.: rises from Powell's Mountain, and 
passing into Tennessee, uniies witli Clincli r., about 4 m. 
above Knoxville. It is boalable for nearly luo miles. 

Powell's Mountain, p. o., I-ee co., Virg. : about 2 m. 
E. of Powell's r., 29S m. W. by 8. Richmond. 

Powell's Point, p. o., Curritu<-k co., jY. Car.: 153 m. 
E. by N. Raleigh. 

Powell's Ta\"ep.n, p. o., Goochland co., Virg. : 12 m. 
W. N. W. Richmond. 

PowELLTON, p. v., Ilarrlsiju county, 7"^. .■ 253 ra. N. E. 
Austin City. 

PowELTON, p. 0., Brunswick co., Virg.: CI m. S. by W". 
Richmond. 

PowELTON, p. 0., Richmond co., N, Car. : 63 m. S. W. by 
W. Raleigh. 

PoAVELToN, p. v., llaucock CO., Ga. : on Ogeechee r., 35 m. 
N. E. Millodgeville. It contains an academy, several stores 
and mills, and 30O inhabitants. 

Powtais's Mill, sla., Waukesha co., Wi^c. : 15 m, W. of 
Milwaukie,-on theMilwuukie and Mississippi R. R. 

PowEusviLLE, p. v., Brackcn co., Ky, : 62 m. N. E. by E. 
Frankfort. 

Poweshiek county, la. Situate S. E. centrally, and con- 
tains 576 sq. m. Drained by N. fork of Iowa r , N. fork of 
Skunk r., and Beaver and Prairie creeks. Surface undulat- 
ing; soil fL-rlile. Setoff since ISSO. 

PuwuATAN county, Virg. Situate S. E. centrally, and 
contains 220 sq. m. Drained by Branches of James' and 
Appomattox rivers. Surface level; soil fertile. Chii.f pro- 
ducts, Indian com and tobacco. Farms 312; manut". 0; 
dwell. 51T, and pop.— wh. 2,532, fr. col. 364, si. 5,2S2— total 
S,17S. Ciij>ital: Scottsville. 

PowiLiTAN, p. 0., Lawrence co., Arjc. : on Big Black r., 
109 m. N. E. by N. Little Rock. 

Powhatan, C. H., p, v., and cap. Powhatan co., Virg. : 
23 m. W. Richmond. It contains a court-house, jail, acad- 
emy, and about 200 inhabitants. The v. is called Scottsville. 

PowuATAN Point, p. v., Belmont co., Ohio : on the Ohio, 
115 m. E. Columbus. 

PowuATAX, sta., Powhatan co., Virg.: 22 m, from Rich- 
mond, on the Richmond and Danville R. R. 

Powl's Yalley, p. o., Dauphin co., Penru 

PowNAL, t. and p. o., Cumberland co., Jfe. : 35 m. S. W, 
Augusta. Soil fertile. Farming ia the chief occupation. 
The Atlantic and St Lawrence R. E. passes the W. border. 
Pop. of 1. 1,074. 

PowxAL, t. and p. v., Bennington county, Venn.: m Iha 
S. W. corner of the SUite, 112 miles S. S. W. Montpelier. 
Drained by Hoodie r., which affords water-power. Surface 
broken; soil fertile, supporting large flocks and dairies. It 
has several factories. The v. is located on the right side of 
Hoosic r. The Troy and Boston E. R. will pass through 
the west part of the t. Pop. 1,742. 

Pow-wow river. A' Ilamp. : an affluent of Merrimac r. . 
It rises in Kingston, and falls into the Merrimac bel-.veea 
Salisbury and Amesbury, Mass., where a fall of luO feet in 
50 rods affords an extensive water-power. 

PoYNETT, p. O.J Columbia county, Wise: 22 miles N. 
Madison. 

PoY Sippi, p. 0., Marquette co.. Wise. : 57 m. N. N. E. of 
Madison. 

Pkaibie count>', Arl: Situate E. centrally, and contains 
945 sq. m. Drained by branches of Arkansas r, the princi- 
pal one being Bayou Meter, which passes through It cen- 
trally. Surface generally even; soil ft-rtile. It has some 
good timber land. Farms 155 ; manuf. 0; dwell. 323. and 
pop.— wh. 1,S12, fr. col. 12, si, 273— total 2,097. Capital; 
Brownville. 

697 



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PRArttiB, p. 0., Lewis county. Mo. : about 6 A. W. of the 
Mississippi. 107 m. N. by E. Jefferson City. 

Prairik, t, Fntiikliii co., Ohio: 9 m. W. S. W. Columbus. 
Drained by Darby cr. an'i ibt (ribiiUiries. Surfact; gt*neriil!y 
level priiirie. Tlic Katiorml Koail and thu Columbus and 
Xenia K. K. pass Ihnjiigh it. Pop. 1,043. 

PBAmre river, 3fi<-h. : a tributary of St. Joseph's r., about 
40 m. Inn^. It has its source in severni small hikus, anil 
discharges ilst-lf about 2 m. below the v. of Three Rivers. 

rn.MKiF, IJiBD, p. o., Shelby CO., JiL: 47 m. K. S. E. of 
Springfield. 

PiiAiEiE Bluff, p. o., Wilcox co., jWt. : on the right bank 
Of Alabama r. 67 ni. W. by S. Montgomery. 

PuAiRiE Creek, p. o., Logan county, III. ; 34 m. N. E. 
Springfield. 

Pkairie Creek, p. o., Vigo county, Ind. ; 6 m. E. of tbe 
Wabash, 76 m. W. S. W. Indianapolis. 

Prairie i»u Chikn, p. v., and cap. Crawford co., Wtfic. : 
on the Mississippi, 3 m. above the mouth of the Wisconsin, 
89 m. W. by S. Madisiin. Lat. 43° 03' OG", N., and long. 
91° 09' 19" W. The prairie from which it takes its name is 
10 m. lonif and 3 widi*, and is one of the moat fertile regions 
of the West. The v. contains the county buildings, half a 
dozen churclies, several school-houses, and numerous me- 
chanic shops and places of busini-ss. Its trade is large and 
rapidly Increasing- There are rich mines of copper and 
galena in the neighborhood ; and numerous mounds occur 
in all directions, indicating it to have been a place of some 
consequence with the races long since-defiinet. Fort Craw- 
ford, a tJ. S."'mUil:iry post, is situate immediately south of 
the village. Pop. 2,49S. 

Pkairie du Long, p. o., St Clair en., Ifl. : on a W. afflu- 
ent of the Kiiskaskia, 110 m. S. by W. Si.ringfi^-ld. 

Pkairie du Kocher, p. v., Randolph county, ///. .• on the 
bluffs, about 4 m. E. of the Mississippi, 123 m. S. by W. 
Sprincfield. The village contains a Uonian Catholic church 
and about 400 inhabitants, descendants "f the Frencli, who 
made an early settlement here, and whose manners and 
customs are still retained. 

PiiAiRrE DU Sauk, p. v., Sauk co., Wi-tc. : on the right 
bank of the Wisconsin, 22 m. N. AV. by W. Madison. It 
is a v. of rapid growth, with a large trade, containing sev- 
eral mills and 6iiO iidiahitants. 

Prairie Meb Rouge, p. o., Morehause par., La. : 1C2 m. 
N. by W. Baton Rouge. 

Prairie Mount, p. o., Chickasaw county, Mm. : 129 m. 
N. E. by N. Jaekson. 

pRAir.iE Plains, p. o., Grimes county, Tex.: 106 m. E. 
Austin City. 

Prairie Point, p. o., Noxubee co., Miss. : about 5 m.W. 
of Torabigbee r., 119 m. N. K. by E. Jackson. 

pKAiEiE River, p. o.. Branch co., Mich.: on a S. branch 
of St. Joseph's r., 74 m. S. S. W. Lansing. 

Prairie Rosde, t and p. o.. Kalamazoo co., Mic7t. : 77 m. 
S. W. Lansing. Drained l)y the head of Rocky r. Surfiue 
undulating, and mostly rich prairie, with groves of maple 
and hickory. An excellent t for grain growing. Popu- 
lation 690. 

Pbateieton, p. v., Vigo county, /?u?. ; on the S. side of 
Honey creek, 3 m. E. of the Wabash, T2 m. W. S. W. 
Indianapolis. 

Pr.virieville, t. and p. o., Barry county, 3/7M. .* 54 m. 
W. S. W. Lansing. Surface slightly broken, and dotted 
with numerous ponds tributary to the Kalamazoo. Papu- 
lation 553. 

Praibieville, p. v., Clinton co., Ind. : about 2 m. E. of 
the Lafayette and Indianapolis II. K., 42 m. N. W. Indian- 
apolis. 

Praiuieville, p. T., Pike co., Mo. : 74 m. N. E. by E. 
Jefferson City. 

pRALLsviLLE, p. V., Tluuterdon CO., 2^. Jer. : on Delaware 
r., at the nioulh ctf Wiekechecoke cr., 17 m. N. W. Trenton. 
The Belvidere Delaware R. It. passes through it. 
698 



Pbatt, p. o., Shelby county, Ohio : 02 m. W. N. W, 
Columbus. 

Pkati 's, sta., Worcester co., Mms. : 13 ra. N. of Worcester, 
on the Fitehburg and Worcester R. K. 

Peattsburo. p. v., Talbot co., Oa.: about 8 m. W. of 
Klint r., 76 m. W. by S. Milledgeville. 

Pr.vttsrurg. p. v., Ripley cf)., //itf. ; on an E. branch of 
Laughery's cr., 63 m. S. E. Indianapolis. 

pRATrenuRG, t. and p. v., Sieuben co., N. Y.: 178 m. W. 
Albany. Drained by branches of Cnnhoeton r., which far- 
nish numerous mill-sites. Surface somewhat hilly ; soil pro- 
ductive of wheal, but better adapted to gru^s. Timber is 
abundant. The v. contains an incorporated academy, sev- 
eral mills. 6 or 8 stores, and about 600 inhabitimts. Popu- 
lation of 1. 2,786. 

Pratisburg, p. o., Orange co., N. Car.: 27 m. N. W. 
Raleigh. • 

Pratt's IIollo-w, p. 6., Madison county, 2f. Y. : 94 m. 
W. by N. Albany. 

Peatisville. t. and p. v., Greene co.,iV: Y. : 48 m. S. W. 
Albany. 32 m. W. by N. Calskill, and 37 m. N. W. Kingston.* 
Drained by Schoharie cr., which runs through it from south 
to north, and affords considerable mill-power. Surface gen- 
erally broken an-I mountainous; but the soil of the flats on 
the creek is very fertile, and tbe uplands are good for graz- 
ing. This t. was set off from Windliam in 1>32, and named 
after the Hon. Zndoek Pratt, who here built the largest 
tannery in the United States. The village is handsomely 
situate on a flat on the N. E. side of Schoharie creek, and 
on the turnpike, which is lined with beautiful rows of elm 
an<l maple-trees on each side, planted 20 years ago, by the 
founder of the setilement. It contains 2 furnaces, 1 machine 
shop, 1 cotloii-mill. 2 woolen factories, 2 grist-mills. 3 hat 
fact<)ries, 1 carriage factory, 2 glove and mitten factories, 4 
hotels. 1 brewery. 1 oil-cloib factory. 1 match factory, 3 cab- 
inet-ware manufactories, 3 blacksmith shops, 2 watch and 
jewelry stores, 3 tin-ware shops, 1 turning-machine 3hi>p, 4 
tailors' shops, 11 stores, 1 bank, capital $lii)i,n(i0 (now wind- 
ing up), 1 Dutch Reformed chureh, 1 Methodist church, and 
1 Episcopal church. 1 incorporated academy, 9 school-houses, 
and a prinling-officj?. from which is issued tho" P. Advo- 
cate" (dem.\ which circulates from ^00 to 600 copic3 weekly. 
Tht-re are about 15n dwelling-houses in the village, and 1,800 
inhaltitanls. This is the westernmost bounds of Greene co., 
and here corner three counties— Greene, Delaware, and 
Schnharie. The Gilboa, Prattsville. andShandaken lumpiko 
passes througli llie v., and also the Sehoharie-kill bridge tiirn- 
pike. A railroad is also being surveyed fn>m Newburg to 
Syracuse, which will probably pa«s through Praltsville. The 
immeosi- tannery buildings of the Hon. Zadock Pratt, at 
wUiih. in 20 years, no less an amount than l.iiOO.UOn sides of 
sole leather had been tanned, and around which the v. had"* 
grown up, are now occupied by the cotton and woolen fac- 
tories fibove mentioned, the?T original purpose h:iviug been 
Piregone on account of the exhausiiim of material (hemlock 
b.Trk") for carrying on the t-inning business. Of the f)under 
of the v., it may truly be said that he is a "self-made man.*» 
Born in Rensselaer co. in 1790, then almost a wilderness, and 
trained up to labor, he has raised himself from a bumble posi- 
tion by the powers of liis own unaiited energies to the enjoy- 
ment of a fortune of which a prince might be proud. \\\ Ids 
time and generation he has n)ade for himself a name, and 
fir the future youth of our country a pallern w-Tihy of imi- 
tation. But the most glorious trait in his eharaeter has been 
his hnnesty an>l integrity— he can c<>unt 3^.000 employees 
among whom he has distributed hundreds of thousands of 
dollars, and throughout his long course he has ni'ver had a 
disagreement with one of them, nor l>een the defendant in 
any suit a^ainstMiim for wages or claims of any kind. As 
the ancients were used to record the lives of benefactors by 
sculptured .'itnries, so at PrattsviUe are fecortled on the native 
rocks the memoirs of its patron, and from tlie \ illage road 
mav be seen, In alto relievo, a fac-similo of the Pratt tan- 



PRA 



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neries, the bust of Mr. Pratt iiimgell". :in<.I an c-niblL-matic eon- 
cepfiDn of a great aet of his life in the iustitulioii ol a Bureau 
of Statialk'S. whit* he effected durina; liis term as represent- 
ative in Cona:r<ss from the 11th distrlel uf the Slate. Thr-se 
Wili long tf II Ihe stury of a life well spent, and when his 
earthly career is run, the youth will read tlie lessen they 
convey, and strive to emulate the subject of the legends 
in hia many virtues. Population of L in ISiO, 1,613, and in 
ISoii. 1.0^1). 

Prattsville, p. v., Vinton county, Ohio: 61 m. S. E. 
Columbus. 

Peattville. p. v., Autauga co., Ala.: on Autauga cr., a 
email N. alHuentof Alabama r., 12 m.W. N.W- Mimlgomery. 

pRF.BLE C'tunty, 0/iio. Situate W. toward the S.. and cm- 
tains deosq. ni. Drained by Four Mile, St. Clair, and Frank- 
lin creeks. Surface varied, in general it is level or rolling, 
and a large portion is thickly wooded; -soil a fine deep 
mold, and very productive. Staples, wheat and Indian 
corn. It lias some fine grazing land, and a large number 
of cattle and hogs are fattened and sent to Eastern markets. 
Farms IJ'.itt; nianuf. 109; dwell. 3.T49, and pop.— wh. 
21,6oS. fr. col. 7S— toial 21,736. O/jfitnl : ICaton. Public 
Works: Dayton and Western R. K. ; Dayttm and Green- 
Tille R. K. ; Hmnilton and Eaton R. R. ; Four Mile Valley 
E. R. ; Junction E. R. 

Peeblk. t. and p. v., Cortlandt co., JV. T. : 119 m. W. by N. 
Albany. Drained by Cold cr. Surface hilly; soil gravelly 
loam, vfry produetive of grass and grain. A superior farm- 
ing and dairy town. The v. contains several shops and 
stores, and *bout 300 inhabitants. Pop. of t, 1,312. 

Precinct, p. v., Boone county. III. : on the W. side of 
Beaver <T.. \!ib m. N. by E. Springfield. 

Pee-emptiox, p. 0., Mercer co., Hi.: 114 m. N. N. "W. 
Springfield. 

Prentiss Vale, p. o., M'Kean co., Perm. : 129 m. N. W. 
Harrisburg. 

Pbesctt. t. and p. v., Hampshire county, Ma^. : 65 m. 
W. by N. Boston. Drained by branches of Swift r. Surface 
rough and broken ; soil chiefly adapted to grazing, which is 
the leading interest. Pop. 78T. 

Feesident Furnace, p. o., Venango co., Penn.: 173 m. 
N. W. by W. Harrisburg. Here is a furnace of 1,100 tons 
capacity. 

Peesque Isle county, Mich. Situate N. of the S. Penin- 
sula, and contains T25 sq. m. Drained by the N. branch of 
Thunder Bay r. and other streams. Organized since 1S50. 

Presqie Isle, p. o., Aroostook county, 2fe. : about 182 m. 
N. E. Augusta. 

Pei-ston coimly, Vinj. Situate N. W., and contains 545 
sq. m. i>rained by Cheat r.. main branch of Slonongahela 
river. Surface mountainous and rnugli ; soil various — in 
some pans ii is very fertile. Chief product, Indian corn. It 
contain? f^*>nA grazing land. Farms 1,019 ; manuf. 5 ; dwell. 
1,664, and pop.— wh. n,.'i74. fr. col. 47, si. 87— U)tal 11,708. 
Capital: Kingwood. Public Woi'ks : Baltimore and Ohio 
paitroad. 

Peeston. t. and p. v.. Xew London co., Conn. : on the E. 
side of Qiiinufhaug and Thames rivers. 39 m. E. S. E. Hart- 
ford. Drained by Kmad and Poquelanock rivers. Surface 
rough and stimy ; soil belter for grazing than grain-grow- 
ing. The Norwich and Worcester R. R. passes on the W. 
border along the rivers. The v. is near Amoss's pond, a fa- 
vorite summer resnrt. Pop. of t 1,S04. 

Preston, p. o., Yallabusha co., Miss.: 116 m. N. N. E. 
Jaokson. 

Preston, t. and p. o., Chenango co., 2^. T. : on the W. 
Bide of Chinang'> r., 94 m. W. by 3. Albany. Drained by 
small aftim-nls of the river; surface uneven; soil fertile, 
adapted to grass or grain, and mostly well timbered. There 
is a small v. in the N. part of the t. The Chenango Canal 
Ueson the S. E. corner. Pop. 1,0S2. 
. Preston, p. o., Hamilton county. Ohio: on a branch of 
Whitewater r., 102 m. W. S. W. Columbus. 



Preston, t. and p. o., Wayne county. Peiiv. : 123 m. 
N. E. by N. Harrisburg. Drained by attluents of Delaware 
river. Surface broken ; soil gravelly loam, heavily timbered 
with pine, hemlock, and chestnut. 

Preston, p. v., Grayson county, Tex. : on Red r., 23S m, 
N. N. E. Austin City. Large amounts of cotton are shipped 
here. 

Prestoxbiteg. p. v., and rap. Floyd co., K;i, : on the W, 
fork of Big Sandy r., 129 m. E. by S. Frankfort. It contains 
a court-house, jail, several mills and slures, and 200 inhab- 
itants. 

Preston Hollow, p. v., Albany county, N. Y. : 27 m. 
S.W. by W. Albany. It contains several mills, half a dozen 
stares, and 3oo inhabiUints. 

Prestonville, v., Khea county. 7!^)?7?. ; on the N. sitie of 
Tennessee r., 117 m. E. by S. Nashville. 

Prestonville, p. v., Carroll co., Ky.: on the Ohio, just 
below the mi)Uth of the Kentucky, 'ZA m. N. N. W. Frank- 
fort. It has a convenient landing, and contains about SCO 
irdiabitanls. 

Pbewiit's Knob, p. o., Barren co., Ky. : 104 m. S. S. W. 
Frankfort. 

Price, p. o., Huntington county, Ind. : 76 m. N. N. E. 
Indianapolis. 

pRicpmuRo, p. v., Monroe co., Perm. : 101 m. N. E. by E. 
Harrisburg. 

pRicKTOW-N, p. v., Berks county. Pern}.: 56 m. E. by N. 
Harrisburg. Here is a furnace of 1,400 tons capacity, built 
prior to 1770. 

Pricetown, p. 0., HighJand co., Ohio : 62 m. S. by W. 
Columbus. 

pRicEviLLE, p. v., Wayne county, Penn.: 119 m. N. E. 
Harrisburg. 

Prillaman's, p. 0., Franklin co.^Yirg.: on the N.side of 
Smith's r., 151 m. W. S. W. Richmond. 
pRi-MERosE, p. v., Lee CO., la. : 63 m. S. by W. Iowa City. 
I'eimeeose, I. and p. o., Dane co., Wise: 19 m. S. W, 
Madison. Drained by Sugar r. Surface rolling; soil very 
fertile, a large part being vegetable mold and meadow. 
Farming products of all kinds are gruwn in profusion. 
Pop. 343. 

Prince Edward county, r?;v- Situate S. centrally, and 
contains 255 sq. m. Drained by branches of Appoinaltox r. 
Surface rolling; soil fertile, and generally well cidtivated. 
Chief products, Indian corn and tobacco. It contains 
Hampden Sidney College, founded in 17S;3, also a prepara- 
tory academy. Farms421; manuf.S6; dweII.S05, ami pop. 
— wh. 4,177, fr.'col. 4S3, si. 7,192— total 11,857. Capital: 
Prince Ed \vard. Public Work's: Richmond and Danville 
R. R. ; South Side R. E., etc. 

Prince Edwaed, p. o., Gilmer co., 0<i. : near the source 
of Coosa waltce r., 1.S4 m. N. W. by N. Milledgeville. 

Peince Edward Coprj-house, p. v., and cap. Prince 
Edward co., Virg,: 53 m. W. S. W. Richmond. A large 
trade in tobacco is carried on here. The v. contains a 
court-house, jail, academy, and about 300 inhabitants. 

Prince Feeuericktown, p. v., and cap. Calvert co., 
Md.: on Parker's cr., 4 m. W. of Chesapeake bay, 31 m. 
S. by W. Annapolis. It contains a court-house, jail, acad- 
emy, and 450 inhabitants. 

Peince George county, Yirg. Situate toward IheS. E., 
and contains 275 sq. m. Drained by Blackwater river. 
Surface an extended plain; soil fertile. Chief products, 
Indian com and tobacco. Cotton is also grown in the co. 
Farms 336; manuf. 23; dwell. 661, and p<»p.— wh. 2,670, 
fr. col." 518. si. 4,408— t^^ital 7,596. Oi^ntnl : Prince George 
G. H. Public Wor/<rs: Appomattox R. E.; Petersburg 
R. E.; Petersburg and Norfolk R. R., etc. 

Prince GEoRtiE's county, Md. Situ,ite W., and contains 
492 sq. m. Draine.i by branches of Patuxent river, which 
forms its E. boundary, and of Potomac river, which* 
bounds it on the S. W. Surface uneven ; soil fertile, and 
well adapted to tobacco, which it produces in large quanti- 



PRI 

ties, auti which is the staple. It niiscs giXKl^rv>ps of wheat 
and Indian cum. ami has some Rae liiiil^er land^ Farms 
SS5; manuf.**2S: dwell. 1.S75, and pop.— wh. S.901. fr. eol. 
1,13^. si. 11,510— lolaJ 21^0. CapiUUo/Ui^ county: Upper 
Marlboro'. » 

Pelnce George C H.. p. v., and cap. Prince George 
CO., Virg. : 53 m. N. N. E. Kichuiond. It contains the co. 
buildings and sevend stones. 

Pkince^ bttv, i,V. y. : on Ihe S. E. side of Stalen Island. 
It fUmisbes stife anchontjze in a K. K. storm; and is noted 
for the fine flavored o}-stere it prtKluccs. 

pRiscsss AssE county, llrff. ;Situatc S. E., and contains 
851 sq. m. Drained by North r. and E. branch of Elizabeth 
r. Surface li-w-l and $<>me\vhal elevateiJ. prtsi-nting tlie ap- 
pearance of lable-land ; soil fertile. Chief ptxxluolion, In- 
dian cim. Earms 712, manuf. S, dwell. S93, and pop. — wh. 
4,S&0, fr. coL 259, sla. 3,130— total 7,669. Capital: Princess 
Anne C. H. 

Prixokss Axnk. p. v., and cap. Somerset co., Jfi. .* near 
the bead of Macokin r.. 16 m. E. of c'hcjytpeake bay, 6S ra. 
S. E. Annapolis. Il is regularly laid out. and subslantially 
built with brick, has a bri$k trade, and contains a court- 
house, jail, academy, and 700 iDhabitants. The"S. I'^rald"' 
(whig) is published wccklv. 

Pkznckss Ann's C. H., p. v., and cap. Princess Anne co., 
Tirff. : 98 m. S. E. by E. Kichmond. It conUiins a court- 
house, an academy, and 200 inhabitants. 

Prdjceton, p. v., and cap. Dalhis co., Ark, : about mid- 
way between Wachita and Saline rivers, 56 miles S. by W. 
little Eock, It contains the co. buildings, several stores, 
and 300 inhabitants. 

Peescetox. p. v., and cap. Bureau co.. Ill,: S m. W. of 
the niinois, 112 m. N. by E. Springfield. It lies on the bor- 
der of a la^e prairie, surrounded by a rich farming region, 
with which it carries on an extensive trade, and contains a 
court-house, jail, academy, and al>out 20 stores. The 
"Bureau Advocate'' (free soil) is published weekly. 

Peixcetox, p. v., and cap. Gibson co., Ind, : S m. S. of 
Fatoka creek, 119 m. S. W. by S. Indianapolis. It is sur- 
Foundetl by a rich farming region, with which it has a brisk 
trade, and contiiins a court-house, jaiJ, 2 academies, 20 
■tores, and S06 inhabitants. It is 27 miles N. of Evansville, 
and the same distance S. of Vincennes on the Evansville 
and Illinois 11. li. Two weekly papers are published, Uie 
"G. Keview" (whig) and the " Democratic Clarion.'' 

Pkisoeti^n, p. v., Scolt CO., fa, : on the Mississippi, &4 m. 
above Davenport, 60 m. £. Iowa City. 

Pedjcetos, p. v., Jackson co., Ala, : on an E. branch of 
Paint Roct r., 161 m. N. by E. Montgomery. 

Peixceton, p. v., Caldwell co., Ky. : 179 miles W. S. W. 
Frantfort It is a thriving, busy v.. the ft»rraer cap. of the co., 
with a large trade in grain and other staples, and contains 
about 500 inhabitants. ^ 

Pkixcetos. t and p. a, Washington co.. Me, : on the S. 
ade of Schoodic Lake outlet, a W. affluent of the SL Croix, 
12S m. E. N. E. AugusU-u Popi 2S0. 

Peixcetox, L and p. v., Worcester county. Mass, .* 44 m. 
W. by N. Boston. Drained by branches of Nashua and 
Ware rivers, which furnish mill privileges. Surface rough 
and hilly. Wachusett Mt. rises in the N. S,0<H> feet above 
the ocean, and about 2,000 abovt; the surrounding country. 
commanding a wide view, and attracting many visitors in 
the summer months ; soU fertUe and well tilled. A good 
grazing U, with large dairies and numerous small manufac- 
tories. Pop. 1.31S. 

Peixceton, p. v., an ' cap. Washington co., J/i*«£. : on 
the Mississippi, 74 m. N. W. Jackson. It is the landing 
place and shipping port for the plantations on Lake Wash- 
ington, 5 m. E., and contains a court-house, several ware- 
houses and stores, and SOO inhabitants. 

pKiNcirr«.'N. p. v.. and cap. Mercer co., Mo. : on Weldon r., 
a N. affluent of Gmnd r., 140 m. N. W. by N. Jeffereon City. 
It contains the co. buildings aud several mills and stores. 
700 



PRO 

■ 

Peixceton. t. and p. b.. Mercer co., .V. J<er. : 10 m. N. E. 
Trenton. The t. is situate in a l>end of Stony Br<>ok. which 
b*nirid3 it on three sidt-s, and to the N. • ihc Kin-ky HUl, 
DraiMtHl cliiefly by crocks falHng into the bn-ok. Surface 
beautiruily diversirled with liill aud valley, atul simI of aver* 
age fi'rtilily. The b, is situate fb the S. part of the t.. on .in 
clevatt^i ridge, c-^mmandingan extensive pni«*pect eastward, 
and is iHiiU chiefly on one long street, tlie hoiJ>es bi'ing re- 
markably neat and sul^t^ntial. Lat 40^ 2o' 41" N., and 
long. 743 S9" 30* W. It is chiefly noted as the location of 
the College of New JiTsey, one of the oldi-st collegiate estab- 
lishments in the I'nion. having been foundcil in 1746, at 
Elizabethtowu ; removed to Newark 174", and to this Iwrongh 
in 1757. In lS5t) it had 12 professors and 24.S students : and 
its library containcti 16.0<'0 volumes ; its alumni at thirt date 
numbered 3,0-Sl. of whom 557 had entered the minislry. 
In the Law Department there are S professors, and in 1S50, 
S law students. The college edifice is callwl Nassau Hall ; 
it is 175 feel long, by 5<1 deep, and 4 stories high ; and besides 
a chapel, which is 40 feel square, there are other large 
buildings attached to the college, which contain philosoph- 
ical apparatus, Uie museum, etc. The bnildings are of stones 
The Theological Seminar)- of the Prt\<l>yterian Church is 
also located here. It was founded in 1512. and in 1350 had 
5 professors and 153 students. Up to that dale. 1,626 per- 
sons had receivcjl Ihoir e^Iucation at the instimiion ; and its 
libnirj* confcuned ll,0iX) volumes. The buiUlings of this 
institution are also neat, spacious, and convenient. Besides 
these, there are in borough four church«>s— 2 Pn-sbyterian, 
1 Episcopal, and 1 African; and inohiding several me- 
chanic shops, stores, •« bank, academies and public schools, 
about 2bO houses. The periodicals pubUshe<I at Princeton 
are, the ''P. Whig," issued weekly, the "P. Magazine" 
(liter.), monthly, and the " X.i*sau Hall" a students' iiteniry 
monthly. The Delaware and Karilan Canal and the Trenton 
and New Bnuiswick K, It. run along the valley of Stony 
Bri^ok, about a mile S. of the l>orongh. 47 m. from New York 
and 39 m. fK>m Philadelphia. In the I. are*everal miUs, S 
tannery, and other industrial establishments, but farming is 
the gonend occupation. Ced.or Grove is a small settlement 
in the K- W. part of theX, and contains a Methodist church, 
etc Pop. of L in 1S40, 8.055. and in 1S50.S.021. Princeton 
was the scene of one of the great battles of the Kevolution, 
fonghl 3d January. 1777, and which resulted disastrously to 
Uie American arms. 

Prdccetox, p. v., Buller county, Ohio: S5 m. W. S. W. 
Columbus. 

Peixceton, p. o., Lawrence co., Penn, : 1S7 m. W. X. W, 
Harrisbui^. 

Peixcetox. p. v., and cap. Mercer county, Virff. : on 
Brush cr.. a branch of Blue Stone r., 194 m. W. Kichmond. 
It contains the co. buildings, and has several mills in its 
vicinity. 

Pkixcktox, p. v., Marquette count}-, Wise, : on Xeenah or 
Fox r., 66 m. N. by E. Madisoa 

Pkinceville, p. v., Peoria county, JIL : 73 m. N. by W, 
Springfield. 

Prince William coimty, T7r^. .• situate N. E., and con- 
tains 306 sq. m. Drained by Occoquan r. Surface hilly; 
soil diversified, in general fertile. Chief product Indian 
com. Farms 579; manuf. 2S; dwell. 99$, and pop. — 
wh. 5.051. fr. col. 550, si. 2.495— total 8.129. Capital: 
BreulsvUle. PiMic Works : Alexandria and Orange E. R. ; 
Man:is&as Gap B. I^ 

PBtxcF William, p. o.. Carroll county. /n</. ; 2 m. S. of 
Wild Cat cr., 49 m. N. N. W. Indianapolis. 

Pbincipio Fvrnace, p. v.. Cecil county, Md.: on 
Principio cr.. 53 m. X. E. by N. Annapolis. 

Privateer, p. o., Sumter district, & Car.: 8S m. £. by 8. 
Columbia. 

PijotTxiE, p. T., Owsley co., Kt/. : on Kentucky r., neaf 
the c*>nBuenc© of its N. and S. forks, 74 m. S. E. by B. 
FrankforL 



PRO 



PRO 



PuocTOR, p. o., Allegan county, JUtch, : 74 m. W. by S. 
Lansinsf, 

I'K.wTMi:. p. rt., ^VfU<.I county, Virg. : 224 m. N. W. 
Kiehiiioini. 
l*ROCT<nt's Creek, p. o., Chesterflold co., Virg. 
Proctor's Crossing, sta.', Essex co., Mass,: A m. from 
Salem, on the Siilem uiul Lowtll K. K. 

rRorTOKSviu-E, V. and .st;i., St. llernard par., La. : 27 m. 
E. of New Orleans, on the Mi-xieiin Gull' K. E., which ter- 
minates here on the shore of Lake ISorgne, and connecld 
with eteamers for various Gulf ports. 

Peoctorsvii.i.k, p. V. and sta., Windsor co., Vei^Tii.: on 
Black r., and llie liutland and Buriiiislon K. R., 25 m. 
N. W. Bellow's Kails, GI m. S. MonipctitT. It contains a 
bank, extensive iron works, and several woolen factories. 

Promptox, p. o., Wayne co., Penn.: on a N. branch of 
Lackawaxen r., US m. N. K. Uarrisburg. It contains several 
mills, and HOO inliahitanta. 

pRoi'iiKisrowN, p. v., Wlutesides co., III. : on the left bank 
of liock r., l;i;i ni. N. by W. Springflelrl. 

Pi;osi'K*^-r, t. and p. o.. New Haven Co., Conn. : 24 m. 
S. W. Uartfortl. Surface elevated, rough, and motintainous; 
Boil ivlaptcd to gntzing, which is Uie chief inlerest Pop. 
CT4. 

Pkospkot, t. and p. v., Waldo co.. Me. : on the W. side of 
Penobscot r., at the head of iho bay, 62 m. E. by N. Au- 
gusta. Surface generally even; soil very productive. A 
EUperior farming t., with great eommercial advantages, and 
extensively engaged in the lumber and coasting traiie. The 
T. on the r. has a brisk trade and a convenient lauding. Pop. 
Of t. 2,4G'. 

Prospect, p. o., OnoiJa co., X. Y.: 4S m. N. W. by W. 
Albany. 

Pkospkot, t. and p. o., Marion co., Ohio : 35 m. N. N. W. 
Columbus. Drained by Scioto r., which affords water-power. 
Surface pleasantly varied. Soil very fertile, and under high 
cultivation. Pop. 8JS. 

Prospect, p. o., Butler county, Pemi. : 169 m. W. N. W. 
Harrisburg. 

Pbosi'EOT. p. o., Giles co., Tf:!!ui. : on Elk r., near the Ala, 
line, 74 m. S. by W. Niishville. 
Propi'Ect, p. o., llurlesoii co., Teir. : OS m. E. Austin City. 
PROst'EOT, p. 0., Prince Edward co., Viri/. : 59 m. W, S. W. 
Eichmomi. 

Prospect Ferry, p. o., Waldo CO., Me. : 53 m. E. by N. 
Augusta. 

Prospect Grove, p. o., Scotland co.. Mo,: 122 ra. N. 
Jefferson City. 

Prospect Hall, p. o., Bladen Co., A'! Car. : GO m. S. 
Ealeigh. 

Pro-spect IIahbor, p. v., Hancock co., Me. : 61 m. E. by 
N. Augusta. 

Prospect Hill, p. o., Eay co., 3fo. : 121 m. N. W. by W. 
Jefferson Cily. 

Pkospect Hill, p. o., Caswell county, 2^. Car.: 55 m. 
N. "ff. by W. Pvalcigh. 

Prospect Hill, p. o., Fairfax co., Virff. : 97 m. N. by E. 
Eichmond. 

Prospect Hill, p. o., Waukesha co., Wise: 54 m. E. 
Madison. 

Prospect Mills, p. o., Lycoming county, Penn. : 7S m. 
N. by W. Harrisburg. 

Prospect Plaixs, sta., Mercer co., Al <^r. ; 44 ra. S. of 
New York, on the Camden and Amboy K. E. 

Pi:o5rEEiTY, p. o. and sta., Newberry dist., K Car. : on 
the Greenville and Columbia R. K., 7 m. E. of the C. H., 
and 4') ra. (by route) N. W. Columbia. 

pRoapERiTv, p. o., Moore co.. A'. Car.: on the S. side of 
Deep r., 56 m. W. by S. Ealeigh. 

Prosperity, p. a, Washington co., Penn.: ITS ra. W. 
Harrisburg. 

pRovmKNCE county, 7?. /. Bilunte N., and contains 880 
Bq. m. Drained by Pawtucket, Providence or Narragansett, 



Mashasuck, Wanasquatucket, and Pawtuxet rivers and their 
tributarfcs, by wliii'li good water privileijes alfe secured to 
the eouidy. Snrt'aee uneven and r^jugli ; snil geiieraily a 
diirk gravelly loam. Its coniinoreijd advantages are great, 
and it has many oxtt^nslve 'manufactures. Farms 2,102; 
manuf. 804; dwell* 12.7G0, and pop.— wli. S5,7;i7, fr. col. 
1,7SS— total S7,525. Capital : Provi<Ienco. PnhU'- WoHch: 
Providence and Worcester li. U. ; Boston and Providence 
U. i;.; Providence and Stoningtnn K. li.; HarU'"rd, Provi- 
dence, and Fishkill E. R. ; New York, New Haven, and 
Brwton E. R., etc. ; Blaekstone Canal. 

pRoviDKNCK, p. v., Pickciuj CO., AUt. : 12S m. N. W. by W. 
Montgomery. 

PuoviPEscE, p. 0., Sumter dial., S. Car. ; 43 m. E. by N. 
Cglumbia. 

■pROvruKN'OE. p. o., Sumter co., Ga.: 93 m. S. W. by 3' 
Milledgcville. 

Provii)e;;oe, p. o., Carroll co., J//.w. .• 91 m. N. by E. 
Jackson. 
Pkovidenhe, p. v.. Bureau co., III. : 104 m. N. SprJugfield 
pRovirtRNCE, p. v., Hopkins co., Ky.: on Tide-water r., 
1G9 m. W^ S. W. Frankfort. 

Providence, t. and p. v., Saratoga eouiity, Al Y.: S2 ra. 
N. N. W. Albany. Drained by branches of Sacaudaga r., 
which .sup|)ly nnmerons mill privileges. Surface mounlaiu- 
onsand heavily limbered ; soil clayey loam, adapted to grass. 
There is a small v, in the S. part of the town. Pop. Ij-t-'iS. 
PRovrnKNOK, p. o., Mecklenburg Co., A1 Car. : 110 m. 
W. S. W. Raleigh. 

Providence, t. and p. v., Lncas co., Ohio: on the W, 
side of Maumeo r., along which the Wabash and Krit; Ca- 
nal passes, 1U9 m. N. N. W. Columbus. Surface k:vel, soil 
sandy, and In parts marshy. The v. is on the canal, 2C m. 
S. W. Toledo. Pop. of t 4G7. 

pRovioENcE, t, and p. o., Luzerne co., penn. : 9S m. N. E. 
by N. narrist)urg. Drained by Lackawaunock river and 
branches, which supply flno water-power. Surface even, 
being mostly a valley ; soil fertile and well timbered. An- 
thracite coal abounds. The Lackawanna and Wes.tvrn R. E. 
crosses it- It contains several flouring and saw mills. 

Providence, p. c., port of entry, and cap. Providence co., 
and principal capital of the State of P. J. : at the head of 
navigation of Providence r., 85 m. from the ocean, in lat* 
410 49' 23" N., and long. 71° 24' 4S" W. by railroad, A'6 m. 
S. S. W. Boston. I'.nd ISG in. E. N. E. New York. The .area 
of the cily is about 9 sq. m., the compact part being divided 
into two nearly equal i)arl.s l)y the river. The surface e;ist 
of the r. is hilly, and in its higliest part 204 feet above tide- 
water ; on the west it is mrtre level, the grcal;fjst height being 
only 7S feet. The harbor is safe and commodious, but its 
approach is somewhat inlrieaie. 

The city is divided into G wards and governed by 'a mayor, 
6 aldermen, and 24 common councilmen. These officers 
arc chosen annually by tho people. All oilier officers are 
appointed by the city council, consisting of tho aldermen 
and councilors, the mayor presiding. There is a municipal 
court, which is als<i a court of probate, within tlie city, and 
the city clerk is also register of deeds. lis poliee is excel- 
lent, and the city one of the. cleanest in the Union. It is 
lighted with gas. The flredeparttnerit is efficient, and con- 
sists of 12 engine companies. 2 hook and ladder companies, 
15 stationary forcing engines, 22 rotary en^dnes, 8,000 feet 
of hose, and is maintained at a cost of $20,000 annually. 
The material used in building required this etllcient Pircc, 
and it was not until several extensive conflagrations hod 
occurred lh.it the department wjis placed on its present foot- 
ing. Including a bal.anee of old accounts, tho resources of 
the city treasury for the year ending 8ti ^Mareh, 1851, 
amonnted to $lSii,505. and llu- expenditures to $1(;5,0S7; on 
account of interest ij 14.985. for schools $I0,5.')3, and for streets 
^28.999. The debt of the city at the dale specified was 
$185,553. The population of the several wards of tho city 
in 1^40 and 1850 comparatively wcro as follows: 

701 



PRO 



PRO 



» Warda. l?-(0. 1850. 

FiretWard 8,919 7,204. 

Second " * 
Third " .. 
Fourth " .. 
Pifth " .. 
Bixlh " .. 

Total 23,1T2 



Inrrev^- 

81 .3 per cent 



8.883... 


... 4,5S3... 


... 85.6 


8,919.... 


... 6,T0G... 


... 71.1 


3.SS3... 


... 6369... 


... 8S.0 


4.106... 


... 7.599... 


... T7.T 


8,9G2... 


...10,36-2... 


...161,5 



79.1 



41,513 

PopulaKon in ISlO. 10,071, and in 1S20, 11.767~incrcase 
le.S per cent.; in'1830, 16,833— increasu 43.1 per cent.; in 
1S40, 23,172— increase 37.6 per cent.; and in 1S50, 41,618— 
increase 79.1 per cent. 

The more ancient portion of the city lies on the east aide 
of the ri^'e^, and though conforming in the outline of its 
streets with the topograi)hy of the site, and by no means 
distinguished for regularity, it contirtns many flue stores, 
warehouses, public buildings, and handsome residences. 
Back from the r. the slreers become more regular, and many 
of the dwellings in this part are costly and elegant, delight- 
fully situated as regards the view of the harbor and vicinity. 
The buildings of Brown University crown the ascent, Tlie 
west part of the city is laid out with more regularity, and is 
more modern in appt^arance. The Providence Arcade, in 
this part, is one of the largest and most important buildings 
in the city; it extends from Broad to Westminster streets, 
and is 226 feet long, SO feet deep, and 72 feet high. The 
building is of granite, and adorned with Grajco-Doric porti- 
coes and columns, the columnar shads being single blocks 
22 feet long. The lower floor is occupied chiefly by dry 
goods stores, and Ihe upper stories by offices and dealers in 
light fancy goods. The Museum buildings and Ilowanl 
Hall, on Westminster Street, are. also fine buildings, and 
"What Cheer" building, at the junction of North and South 
Main streets, is a handsome freestone edifice, occupied by 
ofllces, etc. 

Among the public buildings are, the State House, varioua 
charities, the State Prison, the Athen^um, the Reform 
School, 25 or 30 churches and meeting-houses, and the pub- 
lic schools. Most of these are substantial, and many of tlu-m 
costly edifices, distinguishing alike the taste displayed by the 
architect and the muniQcence of the citizens in their support. 
Brown University, founded at Warren, in 17G4. and re- 
moved to Providence. 1770, is situated on the highest part 
of the city, and consists of several halls, etc.. furnishing ele- 
gant and ample accommodations. University Hall and 
Hope College are large edifices for the lodging of students; 
Manning HaH contains the libraries, now counting 32.000 
volumes, and Rhoile Island llall, the cabinet, chemical and 
philosophical apparatus, and lecture rooms. To the usual 
collegiate department has been added an Eoglish and sci- 
entific sciiool for the benefit of such as do not intend entering 
the learned professions. The faculty of the university consists 
of a president and 10 professors, and in ISoO there were 195 
students, and to that date the alumni numbered 1,765, of 
whom 460 had entered Ihe ministry. 

The Athenffium is located on the corner of College and 
Benefit streets, and has a library of 12.000 volumes. It is a 
spacious and elegant stone structure, erected in 1S37, built 
on a lot given by the iate Hon. N. Brown, and the heirs of 
Mr. P. Ives, who also gave large sums toward the building 
and library. The annual subscription is ^5, which admits 
members to the library and reading room. 

The New Knglaml Yearly Meeting Boarding School, the 
object of whii-h is to affird a " guarded" education to chil- 
dren, occupies a lot of 43 acres, given for the purpose by 
the late Moses Brown. The main buildings consist of a 
centre 54 feat square and 3 stories liigb, and two wings Si 
by 42 feet, and 2 stories high; and there is another 2 story 
building, 50 by 40 feet, which togt-ther accommodate about 
SO scholars. Board and tuition. :J(;0 a y.ar. The late Oba- 
diah Brown bequeathed $100,000 toward the endowment of 
this institution. ■ ■ . .■>:/ ■ 

702 



The public schools supported by the cily are 46 in num- 
ber, of which 22 are primary, 16 intermediate. 7 grammar, 
and the High School. In 'these there were, in 16.50, 106 
teachers and 6.000 scholars ; and the cost lo the city, $40,553. 
Besides these, there are upward of .-^0 Simdny schools, with 
500 teachers, and bftweeii 5,0l)0 and 6.000 scholars. 

The newspapers published in rr.>videiK'e are 9 in 
number— 3 daily, 2 semi-weekly, and 4 weekly. The *' P. 
Joumar' (whig), issued daily, semi-wcckly, and weekly 
editions; the "P. Post" (dem.) daily and weekly; tiie 
"Morning Mirror" (misc.), a daily; the ** Kepnblican Her- 
ald" (dem.), send-weekly and weekly, and the "Diadem," 
a weclvly edition. 

The most splendid and costly of the church edifices are, 
the First Congregational church, (tf granite ; St. John's, a 
stone building ; Grace, a Gothic structure ; Wcstmiiisler Con- 
gregational, the Beneficent Congregational, Si. Peter's, and 
St. Patrick's. The First Baptist church, the tpldcst society 
in the city, is a clean woo-len building. The other churches 
are in general neat, but not so costly. The colored inhabit- 
ants have five churches. In the whole city there are up- 
ward of 30 congregations, including all the principal denom- 
inations. 

Dexter Asylum, on a ridge east of the river, is an institu- 
tion erected on land given to the city by the late Eb. K. 
Dexter, for the accommodation of the poor. The premises 
cover 40 acres, and are surrounded by a stone wall 10 feel 
high and 3 feet thick at the base, which co:*t $22,000. The 
Asylum is a plain and substantial brick building. 170 feet 
long, consisting of a centre buihling 3 stories high, and two 
wings, each 2 stories high. 

The Butler Hospital for the Insane is located on Seekonk 
river. It was founded on a legacy of the late M. Brown, 
amimnting to $3fi.0(i0. and received its prosi-nt name from 
Ihe late C. Butier, who gave $40,000 toward its. endowment. 
It was incorporated in 1S44. and, until recrnlly, was known 
as the Khode Island Hospital for the Insane. On the 31st 
Dec., 1S50, there were 113 patients in the hospital ; the ad- 
mittances during the next year were fiS,'and the discharges 
54, of which 26 were recovered, and 8 improved, and 16 died. 
Receipts $24.2.r3, and expenses $21,017. The minimum 
price of board is $2 25 a week. The State appropriates 
$1,000 annually to enable the governors to aid the poor in- 
sane, and also pays a portion of the expenses of such poor 
insane persons as the towns may choose to send to the hos- 
pital. The aggregate endowment of Ihe hospital amounts 
to $133,000. The grouhds belonging to (he insiitulion con- 
sist of 115 acres, of which 55 are woodland and 60 under 
cultivation. The building stands on the W. bank of the 
river, which here expands to a mile in width, anrl admits of 
an extensive and delightful prospect. Patients were first 
admitted on the Ist December, 1S47. 

The State Prison is locaterl here. On the 1st October, 
1S50, there were in confinement 37 convicts, and 24 had 
been committed, and 14 had been discharged during tho 
ensuing year. The number of persons in Providence jail, 
at the suit of the State, on the 1st October. 1851, was 57; at 
the suit of the cily, 11, and 4 debtors. During the year past, 
503 had been committed, of whom 4.'J2 were males and 51 
females; whiles 473, and colored 30; natives 293, and for- 
eigners 210; and besides these, 177 persons hail been com- 
mitted to the house of correction. The convicts in tlieSt.atc 
Prison are principally employed in shoe-making, and tliose 
in the Providence county jail at cabinet-work. The P.eform 
School was established in 1850. The buildings were formerly 
known as the Tockwotton House, a hotel, pleasantly situate 
(m high ground, in theS. E. part of the city, overlooking the 
bay. and large enough to aecommodal-e ISO to 2 lO irmiatvs. 
it was founded for Ihe instruction and reformation of juve- 
nile offenders between the ages of 8 and IS years. Tlie first 
yciiT of it* occupancy, ending Slst October, \>r>). it received 
52 convicl-s — 49 boys and 3 girls, and there remaineii, in the 
inaliiuliou at that date 45, of whom 24 had been committed 



PRO 



PUB 



for theft, 6 for assault 4 for vagrancy, ninl 11 fnr iruuiicy; 
42 were bom m tin- Unitcil Suites, and of tlu-ae .31 in UhmJe 
Islan-i. Of each day, except Sunday. 7^ hours ari.- devoti-d 
to labor, 5 to school exercises, 2i to meals and ri'creation, 1 
to religious exercises, and 8 to sleep. The hibor has been 
employed in makinir such articles as are needed in the in- 
BtitMtion and in -housework. An arrangement has been 
made by the State, by which all juvenile delinquents may 
be sent to this school. 

The manuf:ielures of Providence are vahiablft, and con- 
stantly incfL-asing. Its ^Yau■r-powe^ is fully occupied, and 
Bteam-power, avrragrng 50 or Co engines of 2(10 to 3(H) horse- 
power, is also enipioyeil. On the Pawtuckct, and other 
streams, are extensive factories of cotton and woolen goods. 
mnchiiie-shops. dyeins: and print works, and wilhin the 
city are various establishments of similar character. The 
sawinj; and polishing marble, sawing and planing liral)er. 
and grinding grain, form extensive occupations; and a 
hirse capital is itiveste*! in the manufacture of iron of all 
kinds, machinery, screws, nails, furniture, small wares, shoes 
and boots, cjirriiiges. jewelry, and an extensive variety of 
other and no less valuable commodities. The total eapitiil 
employed in this branch of industry is not much under 
$6,0(10.000. In 1S40 the capital was only $:J.01'2.6SS. 

Providence, however, is more a commercial than a 
manufacturing city, and comrai-rce has been the main pur- 
suit from the earliest periods. Before the last war wilh 
Encland, it was successfully engaged in the East India 
trade, but since this period this and foreign commerce has - 
gradually declined. In the year ending 30th June, 1S50, 
only ,50 vessels (:5.4o7 tonsl cleared for foreign ports, and the 
arrivals were only 69 (lI.TSli tons). The coasting trade is 
still carried on U) a considerable, and perhaps an increasing 
extent. The aggregate tonnage ownied in the district in 
]sr)i> was H3.712 tons, of which 9.177 tons were registered, 
7.29S enrolled and licensed, and 237 tons licensed (under 20 
tons). Of th6 registered shipping. 499 t<ms were employed 
in whaling, ami the proporlion of ihe licensed and enrolled 
Bliipping was — in the coasting irade 7.202 tons, in Ihe eod 
fishery 2C tons, and in the mackerel fishery 69 tons: and t<i 
tons were navigated by steam. Of the licensed shipping 96 
tons were employed in Ihe coasting trade, and 141 tons m 
the eod fishery. The shipping built during the year con- 
sisted of I ship, 1 schooner, 3 sloops, and 1 steamer — total 6 
ships, of an aggregate burden of 1.299 tons. The products 
of Ihe whale fishery brought into port in lsl9. was — sperm 
oil 2.317 barrels, whale oil 4,542 barrels, and whaleboue 
80.200 pounds. 

Providence, according to the Report of the Secretary of 
State, on the 8th September. 1S50. had 26 banks and one 
savings instiiulion. The condition of the t anks at that date 
was as follows— ?w(?;?7i7/V.s-. rapilal stock. .?9 518,810 : bills in 
circulation. $1,8:31.339; deposits on interest, $I59.-yt7; d^^posiis 
not on interest, $1.133590; debts due other banks, $S3l,79>; 
dividends unpaid, $21,409 ; and nel profits on hand, $592.709 ; 
and asSfU: debts due from directors, $2t)l.914: from stock- 
holders, $303,348: and others, $12,031,937; specie actually 
in bank, $177,078; bills of other bnnks, $525,464; deposits 
in other banks. $428.464 ; stock of bank. $1,484; and of 
other banks, etc., $36,S56; real estate, $1^.867; and other 
property. ?6.3u9— t..tal $14.0ii0.193. The average semi-an- 
nual dividend amounts to 8 11-16. 

The retail trade of the city is extensive, and one of the 
main features in its economy. Stores of cverj' descrijjiion, 
exhibiting goods of the richest d-scripiions. are numerous, 
and in the provision trade, both whoUaalo and retail, n 
large business is done. M-inyrif the stores are equal to those 
of New York, Philadelphia, and Boston, in the splendor of 
their assortments and the costly stjie in which ihey are fur- 



both for passengers and freight, is varied and commodious. 
Steamboats run regularly to Warr.-n. Bristol, Portsmouth, 
Newport, Fall River, and New York. The railroads di- 
verging from Providence are the Boston and Providence 
Pi. K., the Stoningion R. P., and the Pn^virh-nce and Wor- 
cester P. R., and others have been chartered to Brislol and 
Hartford to connect with the through lines. These railroads 
connect so as not to require change of cars in passing from 
one to the other. The station biiihiings are extensne, and 
near the centre of the business portion of the city. They 
are situateil on three sides of a beautiful sheet (tf water of 
elliplical form, which constitutes the head of Providence r. ; 
and between this and the railroad buililinss is a beautiful 
promenade, SO feet wide, whieh ia well laid out in gravel 
walks and grassed plots, and ornamented witli shade trees. 
The water is inclose<! by a substantial stone wall and iron 
railing, with bridges to cross the small rivers fl<iwing into 
it, and also its outlet. Telegraph wires are extended from 
this city, and afford immediate comumnication with the 
whole Union. 

Providence was founded by Roger Williams in 1637. The 
first landing-place, on crossing the Seekonk, he called 
'* What Cheer," because the patriarch of the settlement was 
saluted by the Indians with '■ what cheer." on his approach. 
The origin of Ihe name of the city. Mr. Williams exjilains in 
a deed executed by him: -'having a sense of God's mer- 
ciful providence unto me in my duties, I called Uie place 
Provifi&iwe." The first- house was built on what is now 
North Main Street; and near this spot it is supposed that 
Mr. Williams was buried, although the site of his grave ia 
not ascertained. In 1040 a town govenmieal was estab- 
lished, and in 1649 it was incorporated. In 1S32 it was 
cliartered as a city. 

PRoviDExch^ p. o., Halifax co., Virg, : 92 m. S. W. by W. 
Richmond, 

Providence river, R. I. : an arm of Narragansett bay, 
extending from the city of Providence to Field's Poiut, 
about 3 m., or to Bullock's Point. 5 m. On the N., lielow 
Providence, it receives Seekonk or Pawluckot (Blaekstone 
in M.'is.sachusvUs) river; and above the city another stream 
or expanse of water into which fall Wanasquiatucket and 
Moshasick rivers. It is navigable for large ships to Provi- 
dence.. and forms a sale harbor. 

PitovrDENCE JIiLL, p. o., Tvler co., 7tw. .* 219 ra. E. by N. 
Austin City. 

pROViNCETOWN, t. and p. v., Barnstable co.. Jfis.t. : on 
the extreme N. W. point of Cape Cod, 4S ra. E, S. E. Boston. 
The surface consists of beaches and sandy hills, with swamps 
^nd shallow ponds interspersed. Cape Cod harbor, within 
the curve of the cape, is easy of access, spacious and safe, 
with a sufficient depth of water for the largest shijis. The 
V. lies along the beach for 2 ni., aud is inhabited chiefly by 
fishennen. Salt is extensively manufactured, and the water 
is raised into vats for evaporation by windmills. Pop. 3,153. 
Proviso, p. o.. Cook co., 7?/. ; 173 m N. E. by N. Springfield. 
Pj'.ovo City, v., Utah co., I'tuh Ter. ; on the E. side of 
Utah vJke^ abT)ut 06 m. N. by E. Fillmore City. It is a new 
Mormon city, laid out in 1852. 

Pbl'dence island, ff. 7. ; a small island in Narragansett 
bay. and belonging to the co. of Newport. 
PnrNE H11.1., p. o., Montgomery co., Ala. 
PiiUNTY's. p. o., Patrick county, Vi/y. : 162 m. W. S. W. 
Richmond. 

Pi'.rNTYTowN, p. v.. and cap, Taylor co., Yb-g.: on the 
E. branch of .Mojiongahela r., Is4 m. N. W. Riehinond. It 
eniiiiiins Ihe County buildings, several stores, and 300 inhab- 
it:iriLs. The Baltimore and (_»hio R. R. passes about 4 m. N. 
of it, from which the Norih Western R. R, will diverge aud 
pass throuirh it. 
pRYoK*s Vale, p; o., Amherst co., Virg. : at the E. base 



nifehed. The great bulk of the foreign gooiis sold here arc 

brought from Boston and New York, with which places I »>f 'he Hlue Ridge, 93 m. W. Richmond, 
there is ample nir;iii3 of rapid communication by railroad Pi^ni.ic Sqdake, p. v., Greene CO., Hit, 
and sleaml>oat; aud the communication with the interior, ' Milledgevilie. 



■ 48 m. N. N. E. 
708 



PUC 



PnfKETAS, r- "•, -Westmoretand CO., Penn. : 124 m. W. 
Harrisbufg. 

PiTEBLA, p. o., Wcstmorelanrt CO., Penni 

PtniBLA, p. o., Bro>,n co., 0M« : T9 m. S. S. W. Colnmbus. 

Ptn^RCO river. If. Mex. : ris.-s in the Sierra Madre m lat. 
SGO N and flows 9. Iiy E. nearly parallel with the Del 
Norte, into which it falls opposite the village of Ciboletta, 
and 12 m. N. of Socorro, after a course of 120 m. Its niam 
tributary is the San .Jos6, a stream rising netu- the Zuni Pass 
of the Sierra. . . 

PncET-s sound, Waadngton Rr. r a large sound in the 
N W. part of the old Oregon Territory, being the 8. part 
of Admiralty I.det, and eommnnicating with the Paciflc 
Oeean by the strait, of De Fuoa. It receives several sma 
rivers,-and is f.dl of islands. Olympia is the pnr.cpal port 
on to waters, and there are numerous new settlements along 

'T.r^:H^.,p.o.,Fra„klinco.,A. Car.: STm.N.N.E. 

^ptfuTOWi,, p. v., Chester CO., Penn.i on a branch of 
French cr., 63 m. E. by S. Harris-burg. „ -r . „„ 

PtTCSLEVs DEPOT, p. o. and sta., Tompkms co., KT.on 
the Cayuga and Susquehanna K. E., 19 m. N. of Owego, 
131 m. W. by 9. Albany. , . . 

PtTLASKi county, Ar/c. Situate centrally, and contains 
1,151 sq. m. Drained by Arkansas r., which runs centrally 
through it, and by its several branches. Surface diversified , 
soil in general fertile, and is well adapted to gram and gra^s. 
There is a quantity of good timber on the land larms 
806; manuf. U; dwell. 808, and pop.-wh 4,526, fr. col 
13 si 1 119-total 5,658. Ory)i-W.- Little Eoek. Puhho 
Work^: several proposed railroads from the Mississippi. 

PuL,«Ki county, Ga. Situate S. centrally, and conLains 
758 so m Oomiilgee r. runs through it in a nearly central 
direcUon, by which and its tributaries it is drained. Surface 
hilly; soil fcTtile, and is best adapted to cotton-wheat and 
Indian corn are produced, and the hilly portions make good 
pasturage for cattle, sheep, hogs, etc., which are annually 
exported. Pine timber abounds. Farms 811 ; manuf. 2 
dwen. 701, and pop.-wh. 8,784, fr. col. 89, si. 2,S04-total 
6 627. Capital: Hawkinsville. 

■ PoLisa county. HI. Simate 9., and contains 162 sq. in. 
Drained by a tributary of the Ohio, which forms Us b. 1.. 
boundary. Surface generally level, excepting Hie bluffs on 
the Ohio shore; soil fertile. Pine timber is found on the 
land Fanns 266 ; manuf. IS ; dwell. 418, and pop.-wh. 
2 267, fr. col. 8-lotal 2,265. Capital: North Caledonia. 
Pttw'iC IForl-s.- Illinois Central K.K. 

POLABKI county, M. Siuiate toward the N. W., and 
contact 432 sq. m. Drained by Tippecanoe r. and Us 
br^nXs SurLe varicd-for the most part it is level but 
through the county there are occasional ridges of low hi Is- 
J^r.-e portion is prairie and thickly covered wuh t.mber; 
«deralely fertile-the wet prairies when drained make 
go <rp.asture.' Chief productions, Indian --. -hea • and 
potatoes. Fruit of different kinds ^-V'f^^f- ^'^T.^^^ 
mamd-. 0; dwell. 4,54, and pop.-wh. 2,595, fr. col. 0-total 
2 59,5. OimeK^: 'Wiiiamac. .-non 

P^ASKi county, Ky. Situate 8. E., and contains 1 120 
so^ D aLd I; numerous branches of Cumber and r., 
whi" passes through its centre. Surface in some parts hdl 
but generally even; soil fertile and adapted to grazing. It 
pr dices wleat, oats, and Indian corn, -'*/"»; 
staples of the county. Farms 1,62S ; manuf 1 , dwell. 
Serand pop.--h. 12,861, fr. col. 27, si. l,30T-lotal 14,195. 

"'CL^ZZ"^". Situates, centrally, and contains 
LOefsq. m. Drained by Gasconade r. ami -^a branchc 
and tributaries of Osage r. Surface broken and hilly :s^ 
in general fertile, and adapted to corn and tobacco. Fr^ ts 
of all kinds are grown extensively, ^"""f' "'/""'• 
6hcep, and swine are fed on the hills, where they find good 
graziiJg. It abounds in minerals, principally iron and lead. 

m 



PUN 

Farms 471 ; manuf 3 : dweM. 630, and pop.-wh. 3,8S6, fr. 
col. 0, sl.lI3-;oUd3.99S. Capit-al : ll:iynes\'Me. 

Pulaski county, Virg. Situate toward the 8. TIV., and 
contains 863 sq. m. Drained by New r.. which passes 
through the S. portion of the county. Surface hilly and 
broken, in some parts mountainous; soil fertile. Chief 
product, Indian corn. It has some fine grazing land. 
Farms 3(ll ; manuf. 19 ; dweU. 585, and pop— wh. 3,613, fr. 
ciil 34 si. 1,471— lotal 5,118. Capital: Scwbem. PiAUa 
Korks : Virginia and Tennessee K. R., and Junction Branch 
to Covington and Ohio B. R. 

Pulaski, p. v., Hancock county, lU.: 73 m. W. N. W. 
Springfield. a t, -nr 

Pulaski, t. and p. o., Jackson co., Mich. : 46 m. S. by W. 
Lansing. Drained by S. branch of the Kalamazoo, into 
which flow several small ponds. Surface generaUy undu- 
lating, and fine wheat land. I'op. 760. 

Pulaski, p. v., Panola CO., Tan.: on the Sabine, 252 m. 
N. E. by E. Austin City. 
Pulaski, p. o., Scott CO., Mim. : 87 m. E. Jackson, 
PuLiSKi, t. and p. o., -Williams CO., Ohio : 128 m. N. -W. 
CoUimlms. Drained by Lick cr. and other -W. branches of 
Tiffins r., which afli.rd good miU-sites. Surface diversified ; 
soil of moderate fertility. Pop. 760. 

Pulaski, p. v., Lawrence co., Penn. : on Shenango cr. 
and the Beaver and Erie Canal, 192 m.l,V. N.W.llarrisburg. 
Pulaski, p. v., and alternate cap. Oswego CO., N. Y. : on 
Salmon r.,4 m. from Lake Ontario, and 108 m. -W. by N. 
Albany. It has considerable water-power, and contains a 
court-house, jail, numerous manufactures, and about 1,000 
inhabitants. The Waterlowu and Home K. It. passes williin 
4 m E of the village. The river, which has a good har- 
bor at its mouth, is navigable for small craft 14 m. to OrweU. 
The '^Eichland Courier" and the "Northern Democrat" 
are published here weekly. 

Pulaski, p. v., and cap. Giles co., Tenn..: on Richland 
cr aN. branch of Elk r., 64 m. S. by -W.NashviUe. It has 
a heavy trade in com, cotton, and tobacco, the staples of the 
rich district around it, and contains a court-house, academy, 
bank, 20 stores, and 1,200 inhabitants. The " Western Star* 
(whig) is published weekly. . , „ -p o x- 

Pul.\skiville, p. v., Moh-ow Co., OIuo: 1 m. E. S. i^ 
Mount GUead, and 46 m. N.N. E. Columbus. 

PULTXKY, t, and p. o., Sleuben co., JV. Y. : on the "W. side 
of Crooke,! lake, 178 m. -W. Albany. Surface level, with 
an iuclinatiQU to the lake ; soil clay and calcareous loam, 
adapted to grain and grass. A farming town. Pop. 1.S15. 
PuLTNEVviLLE, p. V., WajTic CO., X Y. : ou the S. shore 
of I.ake Ontario, 173 m. -(V. N. ^i- Albany. It has some 
lake trade, and cont.ainS a steamboat landing, several ware- 
houses and stores, and 500 inhabitants. 

PuLVEK's CoENEES, p. o., Duchcss couDty, N. T.: 49 m. 

S. bv E. Albany. t, a x- 

PuiirKU*, p. o., Southampton co., Tirg.: C4 m. b. B. K 

Riciimond. ..., »tto- 

Pumpkin Pile, p. o., Paulding co., Ga. : 123 m.-^. N.-W. 

Milledgeville. • 

PuMPKiNToWN, p. v., PickeuB district, S. Car.: 122 m. 
N -W. by -VV. Columbia. 

PuMPKiNTOWK, p. v., Randolph co., Ga. : 132 m. 9. W. 
Milledgeville. 

Pu.MPK!-i Tine, p. o., Paulding CO., Ga.: on a S. branch 
of Etowah r. so called, 119 m. N. W. by Vf. MiUedgev^Ule. 

PuNcireox, p. o., Allen county, Ky.: 118 m. 8. 8. "W. 

Frankfort ^ „ r, . ini ^ 

PusGO CniEK, p. o., Beaufort, county, jr. Cur.. 104 m. 

E. by S. Raleigh. ^ 

PUNGOTE.AGUE, p. V., Accomac CO., Virg. : on the Eastern 

Shore, 92 m. E. by N. Richmond. It contains 2 churches, 

a store, mill, and 2i«l inhabitants. 
PUNTA Li.MA, Calif. : at the mouth of San Diego bay, in 

lat 320 29' SI" N., and long. 117° 15' 07" V;. The initial 

point of the line between Mexico and the United blatca 



PUN 



PITv 



commences 3 m. S. of this on the raoifio Oc-'an. A monu- 
ment demnrks Ihe pi lint. 

PcrxxtTAWXEv. p. v.. Jefferson co., Penn. : on Mahoning 
creek, US ni. W. N. W. Harrisburg. 

PuECKLT^viLLK. p. 0., Loudon CO., Virff. : lOB m. N. by W. 
KichmoQd. 

PuEDT, p. v.. and cap. M'Nairy en., 7>"». ; at the head 
ofabranchofllalchoer., 114 m. S. W. by W. Nashville. It 
contains the county buildinsrs.an academy, and several sinres. 

PuRDT t'REEK, p. o., Stcuben CO., jV. Y. : 196 ra. \V. by S. 
Albany. 

PrKDT's Station, p. o., Westchester co., iV; T.: on the 
E. side of Croton r., and on the line of the Ilarlem R. E., 
lOG m. from Albany. 

PuEviR, p. v., Sullivan co., A'l K .' 6S m. S. W. Albany. 

PusEYviLLE. p. v.. Lancaster CO., Penn. 

PcSHAw lake, Penobscot co.. J/^. ; a small lake, 8 m. long 
and a mile wide, conneeting in the N. with Bead stream, 
and having its outlet thrnu<rh Pushaw r., which falls into 
the Penobscot, opposite Old Town. 

PranMATAHA, p. o., Choctaw co., Ala. : 115 m. W. by S. 
Montgomery. 

Putnam county, Fhr. Situate toward the N. T... and 
contains 487 sq. m. Drained by branches of St. John's r., 
which bounds it on the E.. and of Oetawaha river, which 
bounds it on the S. Surface rising, or ."(lighlly undulating; 
soil fertile and highly productive. Staples, rice, cotton, 
fruits, vegetablesi, India" corn, wheat, etc. Farms 20; 
maniif. — ; dwell. lOS. and pop.— wh. 473, fr. col. 10, si. 204 
— total 6Sr. Cirpifttl: Pilatka. 

Putnam county, Ga. Situate N. centrally, and mntains 
273 sq. m. Drained by branches of Oconee r., which forms 
its W. boun'iary. Surface even; soil a fine deep mold, and 
verj' fertile, and produces abundantly corn, wheat, and cot- 
ton, which last is the chief production. Timber is found of 
good quality. Farms 351 ; manuf. 32 ; dwell, 600, and pop. 
— wh. 3.300. fV. col. 26. 6l. 7,46?— total 10,794. CapikU: 
Eat.inton. Pnhlu: Worl-R: Eatonton P. E. 

PrTNAii county, PI, Situate N. centrally, and contains 
26S sq. m. Illinois river passes through its W. portion, and 
forms its N. boundary, by which and its branches it is 
drained. Surface uneven and diven-ified ; a large portion 
is prairie; snil fertile and very productive. It is well tim- 
bered, and has much fine grazing land. Farms 317 ; manuf. 
26 ; dwell. 686, and pop.— wh. 3,920, fr. col. 4— total 3,924. 
Capital: Hennepin. 

Putnam couniy. Inrf. Situate W. centrally, and con- 
tains 4S3 sq. m. Drained by Deer and Big Raccoon creeks, 
and Walnut fork of Eel river. Surface varied — in general 
undulating or rolling, but along the streams the land is hilly 
and broken; spil fertile, and adapted to wheat, grain, etc., 
the hilly portions making fine pasture for cattle. Chief 
productions, wheat, Indian corn, tobacco, an*l sugar. It 
has some good timber and fine quarries of limestone. Farms 
1,696; manuf. 42; dwell. 3.03^, and pop.— wh. 18,5S1, fr. col. 
84— total I'^.eiS. Capital: Greencastle. 

Putnam couniy, Mo. Situate N., on the border of the 
State, and contains 317 sq. m. Drained by head branches 
of Chariton r. Surface rolling; soil fertile, and easy of cul- 
tivation, and produce* corn, fruits, tobacco, etc., in large 
quantities. It has some fine limber land, and may in "cn- 
eral be 8aid to be productive. It contains some good beds 
of coal. Farms 202; manuf. 0; dwell. 265, and pop. — wh. 
1,63S. fr. col. n, si. 19— total 1.65T. Capital: Putnamville. 
Putnam c<tunly. JV. Y. Situate S. E., and contains 216 
sq. m. Draini-d by head branches of Croton r, Peekskill, 
and other small streams. Surface mountainous, making 
good grazing land. The Highland range extends across 
the N. W. portion, an<l the Taghkanie, in the E., from N. to 
S. ; soil various— in the E. part, with cultivation, it is pro- 
ductive, anrl yields good crops of wheat, grain, etc,, which 
are its chief prnduct.<t. It has some extensive beds of iron 
ore and plumbago, with many other minerals, and granite 

45 



and linn-stone are found. The West Point Foundrj', the 
largest in the- glutei?, is in this county. Farms 9-^9: manuf. 
89; dM-.-ll. 2,4:5. and pop.— wh. U.OO'^, fr. enl, 130- total 
14,138. Ctpif.d: Carmel. Puf-lic Workn: Hudson River 
R. R. ; Ilark-m R. R. 

Putnam county, Ohio. Situate toward the N. W., and 
contains 4S6 sq. m. Drained by Auglaize r. and its afflu- 
ents. Surface uneven, and in parti somewhat elevated; 
soil a deep mold, with clay intermixed, and productive. 
Staples, wheat anil Indian corn. Pine ai\d other timber 
abounds. Farms 603; manuf. 11 ; dwell. 1.2^6 and pop. — 
wh. 7,210. fr. col. II— total 7,221. Capital : KaJid.-x. PuhUc 
WorJcA: Miami Canal. 

Putnam county, Vlrg. Erected in 1S4? out of Kanawha. 
Cabell, and Mason. Situate W., and contains 313 sq. m. 
Drained by Great Kanawha river ami its tributaries. 
Surface hilly and broken ; soil various, but in gem-ral fer- 
tile. Chief products, wheat and Indian corn, with pork, 
etc. It contains bituminous coal. Farms 455; manuf. 21; 
dwell. 7SS, and pop— wh. 4,093, fr. col. 10, si. 632 — total 
5.335. Capital: Putnam. Puhlic Work!^: Maysville and 
Big Sandy R. R. ; Covington and Ohio R. R. ; James River 
and Kanawha Canal, etc. 

Putnam, t. and p. o.. Washington co., A\ Y.: on tho 
neck of land between lakes George and Champlain, 69 m. 
N. Albany. Surface traversed by the Palnierstown range of 
mountains, some peaks of which aro 1.500 feet high. There 
is little land fit for cultivation. Pop. 753. Old. Fort Ticon- 
deroga occupies the N. extremity of the peninsula. 

Putnam, p. v., Muskingum co., Ohio: on the W. bank 
of Scioto r., at the mouth of Licking r., 50 m. E. Columbus. 
Zanesville is on the opposite side of th^ riviT. witli which a 
handsome bridge connects it. It has great facilities for man- 
ufaetures, various branches of which are extensively pros- 
ecuted, and contains abank, an academy, a female seminary, 
and 1,674 inhabitants. The Cincinnati, Wilmington, and 
Zanesville R. R. passes through it. 

Putnam Vallky, t, Putnam co., K K .• G7 m. S. by E. 
Albany. Drained by Peekskill and several other streams, 
and stuiUted with many small lakes. Surface traversed by 
the Highlands, and a broad and fertile valley lying between 
their ridges. Iron ore is abundant, and there are several 
furnaces, etc., with grist, saw, and other mills. Popula- 
tion 1.626. 

PuTNAMvn-LE, p. V., Puluam CO., Tnd. : on Deep cr., and 
the New Albany and Salem R. R., 38 m.W. by S. Indianap- 
olis. It contains several niill.»i and a population of aboutoOO. 
PuTNAMviLi-E, p. v.,''and cap. Putnam co.. Mo. : 136 la. 
N. by W. Jefferson City. 

Putney, t. and p. v. .Windham co., V^rin. : on Connecticut 
river, 92 m. S. by E. Moulpelier. Surface varied ; on the 
streams are extensive meadows — back of them it is rugged 
and broken; soil lerlile; on the hills good pasturage. Sack- 
ett's brook falls 75 feet in quarter of a mile, affording supe- 
rior power, and moving several woolen, ]».([ier, wooden- 
ware, anil other factories. Serpentine is abundant. The 
Vermont Valley R. R. crosses the E. part. P. station is 9 m. 
N. of Brallleboro\ Pop. of 1. 1,425. 

PuTNEiTiLLE^ p. V., Armstrong co., Penn. : 143 m.W. by N. 
Ilarrisburg. 

FvLESviLTj:, p. v., Harford county. JA/. .■ 7 m. W. of the 
Susquehanna, 40 m. N". by E. Annapolis. It is built of 
stone, and contains a flouring-mill and several stores. In 
the vicinity are quarries of asbestos and slate. 

Pteamtp lake, ITtah Tur.: on the Sierra Nevada, 4,890 
feet elevation above the sea level. It was discovered by 
Fremont in 1S44, an«l is 35 m. long. The pyramid, a little 
E. of its middle, more like the work of man than a natural 
elevation, measures 600 feet above the surface of the water. 
Lat. 40° N., and long. 119^ 50' W. It receives the waters 
of Mud lake from the N., and of Salmon-trout r. from the 
S.. but has no outlet, 
Pyeamid CmcLE, Oreg. Ter. : on the overland route to 

705 



PYR 

California, at the junction of the Great Salt Lake and Cali- 
fornia roads, 1,208 m. from Council Bluffs. It is 5 ra. long, 
and about 3 m. wide, level within the walls around, and 
studded throughout with numerous tall white and green 
stones, from 60 to 150 feet high, and from 10 to 20 feet in 
diameter at the foot, some of them running almost to a point 
at the top. It Is surrounded by mountains which are cov- 
ered with pine and cedar trees, and is altogether a beautiful 
and picturesque scone. Upon these sttjncs are written, 
painted, and engraved, the names of many visitors, with the 
dates. This circle is entirely surrounded by mountains, ex- 
cept an inlet at the east end of about 50 yards, and an out- 
let at the west end of about 20 yards wide. 

Pyrmont, p. 0., Montgomery co., Ohio: 63 m, "W. by S. 
Columbus. 



Q. 



Qtjakee Bottom, p. o., Lawrence CO., Ohio: 97 m. S. byE. 
Columbus. 

QuAKEE Hill, p. c, Duchess cck, N. Y. : 76 m. S. by E. 
Albany. 

Quaker Springs, p. v., Saratoga co., N. Y.: about 1 m. 
W. of Hudson r. and 27 m. N. by E. Albany. 

QtTAKEB SPEING6, V., Columbia co., Ga.: 71 m. E. N. E. 
MUledgeville. This settlement was formed in 1750 by a 
party of Friends, who, alarmed at the murders by the 
Chefokees, fled here for refuge. 

Quaker Street, p. o., Schenectady county, y. Y. : 25 m. 
"W. by N. Albany. 

Quakertown, p. v., Hunterdon county, N. Jer. : 47 ra. 
N. by W. Trenton. It contains a FrieadB* meeting-house, 3 
stores, and 20 or 25 dwellings. Sometimes called Fairview. 

Qdakertown, p. v., Bucks co., l^emi.: 79 m. E. by N. 
Harrisburg. It is neatly built on a single street, and ccm- 
tains a Friends' meeting-house, and about 3O0 inhabilants. 

Qcallatown, p. v., Haywood county, 2^. Car. : 2S3 m. 
W. by S. Raleigh. 

Quantico, p. o., Somerset co.,M»L: on a cr. so called, 
58 m. 8. E. Annapolis. 

QuANTurK bay. Suffolk co., 27: Y. : at the E. extremity 
of Great South bay, and separated from Shinnecock bay by 
Quogup neck. 

Quarrtville, p. v., Lancaster co., Pen/ri: 

Q^TARRY^^LLE, p. v., Tolland co.. Camt. 

Quasqueto.v, p. v., Buchanan co., /a. ; on E. side of 
Wapsipinicou r., 49 m. N. by W. Iowa City. 

Quay, p. o., Claiborne parish, La. : 1S9 miles N. W. 
Baton Rouge. 

QuEECuER river, Verfn.: an affluent of the Connecticut. 
It risiis in Sherburne, and after a course of 35 m. falls into 
that r. in Hartland, 2 m. above Queechee Falls. It receives 
a number of tributaries, and affords extensive water-power. 

Queechee Village, p. v., "Windsor co., Venti.: around 
the Falls of Queechee r.,5 m. from its mouth, 51 m. S. by E. 
MontpcUer. There is an immense water-power here, and 
considerable manufactures are carried on ; and both up and 
down the river are mills of various descriptions. 

Qut:en Anne county, 3fd. Situate E., toward the N., 
and contains 403 sq. m. Drained by branches of Chester 
river, which flows on the N.W., and of Tuckahoe er., which 
forms its W. boundary. Kent island, lying to the S. W.. is 
within the limits of the county. Surface undulating, and in 
parts eie\aled; soil fertile. Staples, wheat and Indian 
corn. Farms 936; manuf 29; dwell. 1.S64, and pop.— wh. 
7,040, fr. col. 3,174, si. 4,270— total 14,4S4. CapiUil: Cen- 
tre ville. 

Queen Anne, p.o., Prince George's co., J/tZ. ; on W. side 
of Patuxent r., 13 m. "W. S. W. Annapolis. 

Queen's county, N. Y. Situate toward the "W. part of 

Long islnnd, and contains 396 sq. m. Drained by several 

Bmall sircains which enter the sound on the N., and the 

Atlantic Ocean on the S. Surface moderately even; soil in 

700 



the N. a deep loam, and in the 8. sandy ; when cultivated it 
is productive, and well a<iapted to grain and grazing. 
Chief products, wheat and Indian corn. This co. contains 
some minerals, but none of any great importance. It has 
numerous bays ami harbors, which abound with ftsh, oys- 
ters, etc. Farms 3,S03; manuf. 89; dwell. 6,230, and pop. — 
wh. 83,389, fr. col. 3,444— total 86,S83. Capital: North 
Hempstead. Puhlic Work^: Long Island K. K. ; Hemp- 
stead Branch R. R. 

QuEENSBORouGH, p. V., Audcrson dist, S. Cur, : on the 
W. side of Saluda r., 81 ra. N. W. by W. Columbia. 

QuEENSBURV, t. and p. v., Warren co., i^. Y. : 46 m. N. 
Albany. Drained by Wood cr. on the N., and bounded on 
the S. by Hudson r. Surface undulating, and in the W. 
hilly: soil sand and loam, fertile. It contains the village of 
Glen's Falls, and has considerable manufactures and trade. 
Pop. of t. 5.313. 

QuEENSDALB, p. V., Eobcsou CO., If. Car. : S5 m. S. B. W. 
Raleigh. 

QuEENSTowN, Quccn Anne county, M'f. : on S. E. side of 
Chester bay, 19 m. E. by N. Annapolis. 

QuEESSviLi-E, p. v., Jennings co., Ind. : on the line of the 
Madison and Indianapolis 11. R., 53 m. S. E. Indianapolis, 
and 28 ra. from Madison. 

QuEMAHONiNQ, L, Somcrsct county, Penii.: 11 m. N. E. 
Somerset. Drained by M'Conaughey r. and Quemahouing, 
Iliggins', and Wills' creeks. Surface hilly ; soil gravelly 
and light, but productive. Stony creek bounds it on the E. 
It contains several mills, for which it has fine wattr-power. 
Pop. 1,302. 

QuEN'AUDENYiLLE, V., Lcwis CO., 07'eg. Ter. : at the con- 
fluence of CUehalis r. with Gray's Harbor, 142 m. N. by W. 
Salem. 

Qv'Eurus Geovi:, p. v., Switzerland co., Ind. : 89 m. 9. E. 
Indianapolis. It is situate about 12 m. N. E. from Vevay, 
and is sometimes called "Bark Works," on account of ita 
having been foumled for the purpose of grinding and pack- 
ing oak bark for the English market. 

Quiet Dell, p. o., Harrison co., Virg. : 205 m. W. N. W 
Richmond. 

QriLLtNsviLLE, p. V., Scott CO., Virg. : 291 ra. W. S. W. 
Richraond. 

QuiNOY, p. v., and cap. Gadsden co., Flor. : on the W. 
side of Attapulgus creek, 19 m. W. N. W. Tallahassee. It 
contains a court-house, jail, etc., and about 600 inhabitants. 

QuisTY, p. v., and cap. Adams co., ///. .* mostly on a high 
bluff, on the E. side of the Mississippi, 88 m. W. Springfield. 
It is a flourishing v.. and contains a court-house, jail, etc., a 
V. S. land oftice, numerous warehouses, stores, and work- 
shops, and other establishments, indicative of its commer- 
cial importance. Several steamboats arrive and depart 
daily during the season. It is also noted for its hog-packing 
for exportation. The newspapers published here are the 
" People's Journal" (indep.), daily and weekly ; the " Q. 
Whig" (whig), the "Q. Wochenblatt" (dem.), and the '-Q. 
Herald and Argus" (dem.), all weekly, and llie "Western 
Legal Observer" and the " Western Temperance Maga- 
zine," both monthly. This v. will bo the W. terminus of the 
Northern Cross R. R., wliich will bring it in;o connection 
with Chicago, Springfield, and the whole North and East 
The neighborhood is thickly settled and highly cultivated. 
Pop. in 1S50, 6,911. 

QuiNCY, t. and p. v., Norfolk co., Mass.: on Braintreo 
bay, an arm of Boston Harbor, 8 m. S. by E. Boston. Sur- 
face pleasantly diversified and somewhat hilly: soil of ex- 
cellent quality and well cultivated. It contains large tracts 
of salt meadow. The v. is centrally situate and has several 
neat and some costly buildings. The town-bouse is a noble 
building of granite, 85 by 55 feet A newsi)uper, the "Q. 
Patriot," is issued weekly. Quincy Point and Gormantown 
are well known places on the shore, and are eligibly situated 
for ship-building and the shore fisheries. S<^iuanlum is 
noted us having been the residence of the Indian sachem. 



QUI 



RAC 



'ChichataubuU and is also a pleasant resort for fishing and 
bathing. Considerable manufactures are carried on in Iho 
town, but Quincy is more celebrated for its granite quarries. 
About 2 ra. back from the bay is a range of elevated land, 
in some parts more than 600 feel above the sea, containing 
an inexhaustible supply of that invaluable building mate- 
rial. This granite range extends into the neighboring 
towns. More than 1,000 hands are employed in these quar- 
ries, which supply a large amount of stone for building in 
all the great cities. The columns of Ihe new Cuslrmi House 
and Exchange at Boston are of this material, and much of 
it is used in New York city. Quincy lias been the birth- 
place of soTcral noted patriots — -John Hancock, Josiah 
Quincy, John Adams, and John Quincy Adams were born 
here, and have left to posterity names of imiicrishablc re- 
nown. Pop. of t. 5,017. 

QiiiNcv, t. and p. v., Branch co., 3f'ich.: 61 m. S. 9. W. 
Lansing. Drained by Hog creek and other afHuente of St. 
Joseph's river. Surface varied ; soil ferlile and adapted to 
grain. The v. is situate on Ihe line of ihe Southern Michi- 
gan K. R., S6 m. from Monroe and 167 ra. from Chicago. 
The t. is eminently agricultural, and produces fine crops. 
Pop. 1,111. 

QrixcY, p. v., Monroe co., Mim. : 14S ra. N. E. Jacksou. 

QciNOT, p. T., Hickory co., Mo.: 66 m. S. \V. Jefferson 
City. 

Qirn*'CT, p. v., Logan county, Ohio: on the E. branch of 
Great Miami r.. f)7 ni. W. N. W. Columbus. The B,ellel<m- 
tfline and Itidiaua K. K. passes through it about 12 m. from 
Bellefontaine. 

QriNOY, p. v., Gibson co., Tenn. : on the S. side of Forked 
Deer or., 133 m. W. S. W. Nashville. 

QoiNCT, p. v., Franklin co., Penri. : 4S m. S. W. Ilarris- 
bnrg. It is situate at the foot of South Mountain, iu a rich 
iron region, and ihere are several manufacturing establish- 
ments in the vicinity. 

QuiNCT, p. o., Washita co., Ar/c: 7S m. S. S. W. Little 
Pvock. 

QiKNRBAUO. p. v.. Windham co., Conn,: onQuinebaugr.. 
43 ra. E. N. K. Hartford. 

QuiNEBAUG river, Cimn.: a tributary of Shetucket r. It 
rises in Mashapaug pond and passes into Mass., where, in 
the t. of Brimfleld, it receives a considerable branch, and 
thence returning in a S. E. direction into Conn., it takes a S. 
course for SO m. unlil il unites with the Shetucket, 3 m. 
above Nonvich City. It has falls that afford extensive and 
■-aluablc water-power. 

QiiiNNiPiAC river, Conn; rises in Farmington, and after 
a S. course 30 m., enters New HaTen Harbor, where it is 
crr.:Ased by a long bridge. 

QriNN'a Mills, p. o., Clinton county, Oiido: 102 m. S. W. 
: ■ihinibus. 

QuirM.vN, p. v., and cap. Clark co., Miss.: on the E. side 
f Chickasawha r., 92 m. E. by S. Jackson, It contains a 

Nirt-h"use and the county offices, several stores, and about 
l.'io i[dial>ilant8. The Mobile and Ohio E. II. passes 
tlirough it. 

QoiTMAN, p. v., Benton county, .<4/(X. ; 103 m. N. N. E, 
Montgomery. 

QriTMAS, p. 0., Van Buren oounty. Ark. : on N. fork of 
< ;i'lron cr., iJ m. N. Little Kock. 

Quito, p. v.. Talbot co., G^.: on the W. line of the co., 
.n m. W. S. W. Milledgeville. 

Quiver, p. o., Mason county, UL : 27 m. N. by W. 
Springfield. 

Quoddy (or West QroDDv) Head, Me. : at the S. side of 
entrance into West Quoddy bay, in lat. 44° 49' IS'' N., and 
long. 60° 59' W. West Quoddy Head Light-house is 
located on tliis headland. 

QuoGUE. p. v., Suffolk CO., 2f. Y. : on the S. side of Long 
Island, on a neck between Shinnecook and East bays, 14f> m. 
E. 8. E. Albany. It is a small, sc^ittered, Tint pleasant 
place, and is nuich resorted to as a summer retreat. 



QroNO'^aoNTAUG, p. v., Washington county, E. I. : 29 m. 
S. by W. Providence. 



R. 



Raiidit river, Allegan co., Mich. : rises in the N. E. part of 
the CO., flows S. S. W., and enipLius into the Kalamazoo r., 
7 m. from its mouth. 

Kahuitsvlllk, p. c, Logan county, A'y. .■ 142 m. S. W. 
Frankfort. 

Uabiut Town, p. a, Benton eo., Ala. : 103 ra. N. N. E. 
Montgomery. 

IlAiuiN county, Gd. Situate N. E., and contains 31 S sq.m. 
Chatooya river runs on the K. and Terrora thr<»ugh the 
S. and W., by which and llieir branches it is drained. Sur- 
face elevated, and forms, for the most part, table-land. In 
(he E. and W. it is hilly, the Blue Ridge forming its eastern 
boundary; soil fertile. Agriculture is the leading pursuit 
with a large portion of the inhabitants. Pine and other 
timber is found of excellent quality. Farms 2S3 ; manuf. 
0; dwelh3S5, and pop.— wh. 2,3=33, fr. col. 0, si. 110— tota! 
2,44S. Capital: Clayton. Fublio Works: Eabua Gap 
li. R. (proposed). 

Kacinb county, Wi.sc. Situate S. E., on Lake Michigan, 
and contains 339 sq. m. Drained by Fox, Pike, Koiit, and 
Des Piaines rivers and their attiuenls, which supply good 
water-power. Surface uneven, and diversified with lakes; 
soil a rich loam, and very productive. Agriculture is the 
leading pursuit. Farms 971 ; manuf. 104; dwell. 2,57&!, and 
pop.— wh. 14.907, fr. col. CO— total 14.973. Capital : Racine. 
Publie Works : Chicago, Milwaukie, and Green Bay, R. K- 

Racink, t., p. c, and cap. Racine co., Wise: bordering 
on Lake Michigan, 73 ni. E. S. E. Madison. Drained by 
Root r., which, passing through in a S. K. direction, flows 
inttt the lake. Surface undulating; soil of good quality. 
The v. is at the mouth ol Root r., in lal. 42° 49' m" N., aud 
long. 87° 40' 92" W. It contains the court-house, jail, atul 
oilier pubbc buildings; store-houses and oilier piaees of 
business, of various descriptions. printing-oUices, I'le., and 
an Episcopal college has been established here — Ruswei! 
Parks, D.U., President. The imports for 1S51 amouutt-il to 
$1. 452,7.50, and the exports $050,9oO. The exports consist 
chiefly in wheat, of which a large quantity is raised in the 
t an<^ vicinity. Racine is a flourishing place, and bids fair 
soon to become an important commercial point for the Slate. 
The publie pre^s consists of 5 papers — the "Conmiercial 
Advertiser" O'em.), " Olil Oaken Bucket" (Temp.), " Racine 
Ad vocxite" (dem.), and Ihe *' Deniocratton" (dem.), all weekly 
issues; and the "Wisconsin Farmer" (agrl.), a monthly 
issue. The Green Bay, Milwaukie and Chicago R. R. passes 
through it. Pop. of the city 5,103, and of the t. 53S0. 

Racket lake and river, jV. Y. : the lake is in N. part of 
Hamilton co., an irregular body of water, 14 m. long, 2 to 5 
m. wide, aboun»iing with large trout, etc. It connects with 
Long lake, from which flows Racket river, li5 m. long, 
which enters the SU Lawrence, nearSt. Regis. 

Racket Rm:r., p. o., SI, Lawrence co., K. Y. 

Racoon, p. o., Marion co., Ill : 95 m. S. S. E. Springfield. 

Racoon, t., Gallia co., Ohio: SS m. S. S. E. Columbus. 
Drained by Racoon cr. Surface diversified; soil generally 
fertile. Centreville is a small settlement on a branch of the 
stream. Pop. of t. 1.474. 

Racoon, p. o., Preston county, Mrg.: 177 m. N. W. 
Richmond. 

Racoon river, Bad .\x co.. Wise: flows through N. W. 
part of the co., into Mississippi r. 

Racoon Fonn, p. o., Culpepper co., Yirg.: on bank of 
Rapid Ann r., 15 m. above its onlrance into Rappahannock 
r., 63 m. N. W. by N. Richmond. 

P^AcooN Island, p. o., Gallia co., Ohio: 90 m. S. S. E. 
Columbus. Racoon island is in the Ohio r., below Galhpolis, 
;iiid near the moulh of Racoon creek. 

707 



EAC 



RAL 



Eacooh Yallky, p. o., Knox county, Tenn. : 159 m. E. 
Nashville. 

Eadfobdsville, p. 0., Perry co., Ala, : $4 m. W. X. W. 
Montgomery. 

Kaunor, t. and p. v., Delaware co., 0?iio: on E. siile Of 
Scioto r.. SO in. N. N. "W. Columbus. Surface rolling, and 
well timbered ; soil fertile. This town is principally in- 
habited by Wulsh, and received its name from a place in 
"Wales. The v. is located about 1 m. E. of the Scioto river. 
Pop. of t. Ifim. 

Kadnok, t. and p. o., Delaware co., Penn. : SI m. E. by S. 
Harrisburg. Drained by Darby cr. and other streams. 
Surface level; soil rich and fertile. It has several manu- 
factures. The Philadelphia and Columbia E. E. passes 
through it. Pop. 1,3T'2. 

Eagged mountains, -A^ JTmtip. : 25 m. N. N. "W. Concord. 
Are a bleak precipiLoas range, abuut 10 m. long, between 
Andover and Ilill, in some parts nearly 2,000 feet high. 

Eaglesville, p. o., Daviess co., Iiui. : 79 m. S. W. by S. 
Indianapolis. 

Eahway, t.. p. v., and sta., Essex coimty, N. Jer. : on 
Eahway r., 35 m. N. E. Trenton; by New Jersey E. E., 
20 m. from New York, and 67 m. from Philadelphia. Tbe 
v., chiefly in "Woodbridge t, Middlesex co., is partly in 
Eahway t. Essex co., on both sides of Eahway r. at tlie head 
of tide, 5 m. from its mouth. It contains 7 churches, an 
aca<!emy, female institute, 1 bank — cap. $130,000, and has 
some manufactures. Two newspapers are published weekly, 
''Advocate and Eegister'' (whig), and "E. Eepublican" 
(dem.). The L has a level surface, and the soil is red shale, 
and well cultivated. It is intersected by the New Jersey E. E. 
and two turnpikes. Pop. of f 3,806, Eahway Fort or 
Bucktown is situate 3 or 4 m. further down the river. 

Eaiuobn's Creek, p. o., Laurens district, S. Cur. : on W. 
side of cr. of same name, 68 m. W. N. "W. Columbia. 

Eainbow, p. o., Uartford county, Conn. : on N. side of 
Farmington r., 10 m. N. Hartford. 

Eaines' Tavebn, p. o., Cumberland county, Virg. : 50 m 
W. by S. Eichmond. 

EAii-EsviLLE, p. v., "Warren co,, Iiid, : on Big Piuo cr., 
72 ra. N. W. by "W. Indianapniia. 

'Eainsboeo' p. v.. Highland county, Ohio : 57 m. S. S. "W. 
Columbus. 

Eaissbubg, p. v., Bedford county, Pen7i. : on "W. side of 
small affluent of Eaystown br. of Juniata r., 84 m. W. 1^ S. 
Harrisburg. 

EAism, t. and p. o., Lenawee co., Mich. : 63 m. S. S. E. 
Lansing, on both sides of Eaisin r., which affords water- 
power. Surface undulating; soil black sandy loam, very 
productive of grain. The Teeumseh Branch E. li. passes 
through the t Pop. 1,207. 

Eaisin river, Mich. Eises in "Wheatland t., Hillsdale co., 
flows by a very circuitous course through Jackson, Wash- 
tenaw, Lenawee, and Monroe counties, 140 m. ; and emjdies 
into Lake Erie, 2^ m. below Monroe. Its hanks are goner- 
ally high and beautiful ; its current is very rapid, affording 
great water-power, which is extensively used. Its name ia 
derived from the wild grape vines which formerly lined its 
banks. 

Eaisintillb, t, Monroe co., Mich. Drained by Eaisin r., 
on which is much fertile land. Pop. 967. 

Ealeigh county, ViiV' Erected in 1850, out of Fayette. 
Situate W. centrally, and contains 531 sq. m. Drained by 
tributaries of New r., f>r Upper Kanawha. Surface rougli 
and mountainous ; soil in some parts fertile. Chief products, 
wheat, Indian corn, pork, etc. Farms 216 ; manuf, — ; dwell. 
296, and pop.— wh. 1,735, fr. col. 7, si. 23— total 1,765. 
('apitnl: Beekley. 

Raleigu. p. T., and cap. Smith co., Mi-%8. : 44 m. E. S. E. 
Jackson. Drained by a creek of Leaf r., and contains the 
county buildings, etc. 

Ealsuhi, p. city, and rap. Wake coimty, y. Car.: and 
capital of the Slate of North (;ari)liiia, about 6 m. W. of 
703 



Neuse r., in lat 85^ 47' N., and long. 78° 48* "W.— 2SG m. from 
"Washington. Smithfield, 37 m. S. E., is the ordinary pomt 
of navigation, but in high stages of the water, vessels cora^ 
up within 8 m. of Ealeigh. It has an elevated and pleasant 
situation in a healthy counlrj", and is laid out with great 
regularity. In the centre is Union Square, containing 
10 acres, from which extend four streets, 99 feet wide, 
dividing it into quarters. In the centres of these quarters 
are other squares, each of 4 acres, intersected as the prineipaj 
square by streets 66 feet wide. The public buihlings aro 
the State-house, court-house, the Ni^th Carolina Institution 
for the instruction of tho deaf and dumb, county jail, a 
market-house, the Governor's house, office of the Secr;-tary 
of Slate, and 7 churches. The State-house, next t<> that of 
Ohio at Columbus, surpasses in architectural beauty, those 
of all other States. It is built after the model of the 
Parthenon at Athens, and is located on Union Square. 
The building is 166 feet long hy 90 feet wide, and is sur- 
rounded by massive columns of granite, 5i feet in diameter, 
and 30 feet high. A beautiful dome surmounts the building. 
The chambers occupied by the Legislature are spacious and 
commodious. The cost of erecting this noble structure, was 
abuut $500,000. The former State-house, containing a flno 
statue of "Washington, by Canova, was destroyed by fire in 
1S31. The Institution for the Deaf and Dumb is located near 
the State-house on a four acre lot, and pro\i3ion is also 
made for the erection of a State Lunatic Asylum. Ealeigh 
is a place of considerable business, and has numerous work- 
shops, stores, etc., 2 banks— cap. $450,000, and supports 10 
newspapers, 3 issued semi-weekly, the " Primitive Baptist" 
(relig.), the "Southern Advocate" (relig.), and the "E. 
Eegister" (whig); 6 weekly, the "Eecnrder*' (relig.). the 
"Spirit of the Age" (temp.), the "E. Times" (whig), the 
''N. Car. Standard" (dem.), the "N. Car. SUir" (whig), and 
the " E. Eegister," the last an edition of the semi-weekly of 
the same name ; and 1 semi-monthly, the " Deaf Mute" 
(liter.). There are four good academics in the city, and 
several common schools. Ealeigh is intersected by the 
North Carolina Central E. E., which connects it E. with the 
sea-board at Newbern, and W. wit(i the S. Carolina railroads 
at Charlotte; and passing through fertile and populous 
counties, this road will have the ctfect of-siinmlatiiig the 
trade of the city itself. The G:iston and Ualeigh P E. also 
terminates here, giving il access to the north. Pop. jd 1S40, 
2,244, and in 1850, 4,51S. 

liALEiGH. p. v., and cap. Sidine co., 121.: on a branch of 
Saline creek, on a pleasant elevation, 149 m. S S. E. 
Springfield. 

Raleigb. p. v., au'I cap. Shelby co., Teiin.: on N. side 
of Wolf cr., ISl m. W. S. W. Nashville. It contains a court- 
house, jail, etc., and about GOO inhabifariLs. 

Ealeigh, p. o., Eush co., Ind. : on E. bank of Flat Eock 
cr., 39 m. E. Indianapolis. 

Ealeigh, p. v., Union co., Ky.: on E. side of Ohio r., 
6 m. below the mouth <if the Wabash r., 172 m. "S\'. by 9. 
Frankfort. It is a smaU but pleasantly situated village 

Pall's county. Mo. Situate toward the N. E.. and con- 
tains 475 sq. m. Drained by Salt r., which passes thrnnirh 
it from E. to W., and hy its different affluents. Surface 
rniliiig or nearly a plain; soil feriilo, and very productive. 
Timber is found in abundance, and good conl beds. Farms 
511 ; manuf. 13 ; dwell. 777, and pop.— wh. 4.777, ft. eol. 6, 
si. l.:it')S— total 0,151. Capital: New London. Pullui 
M^orts: St. Louis and Northern E. E. 

Eally Hill, p. c, Maury co., Tenn, : 39 m. S. by "W, 
Nashville. 

Eali-hton-, p. o., Fulton county, Ki/. : 249 m. W. S. W. 
Frankfort. 

Eai,ston, p. v., Lycoming en., Penn.: on E. side of Ly- 
coming or., S3 m. N. Harrisburg. The Lycoming Valley 
Iron Company have a hot-blast clKircoal funiaoe here of 
the animal capacity of 2.000 tons. The Williainsport and 
KImira U. E. pa<i<*es thrnuirh the villaire. 



RAM 



RAN 



EAMAP().t.,K.icklandca.,.V". Y.: lOS ra. tf. bj W. AUntny. 
Draiucd by liainapo and Saddle rivors, aflluciils of the 
Passaic. Surface hilly and mountainous ; in the valleys soil 
Vfc-ry productive. There are considerable iron and other 
manuraclun-s Id (lie I., and at Sufferii's, the Union U. li. 
from New Jersey and Paterson unites with the New York 
and Erie li. R., which latter crosses the town. Popu- 
lation 3.197. 

Eamai'o river, -iV. Y. : rises in Oranse county, flows S. 
througli W. part of Rockland county into New Jersey, and 
empties through Ponipton r. into the I*assaic. 

Ka-Mapo Works, p. v. and*ta., Rockland en., 2^. Y.: on 
Ramapo r., 11*4 m. W. by S. Albany, and on Erie K. R., 
35 m. from New York. The Ramapo r. here furnishes a large 
water-power to several iron nianufactories, 

RiMEit, p. o., Montgomery co., Ala. 

Ramsaysburg, p. v., Warren co., i^ Jer.: on E. bank of 
Delaware r., 46 m. N. N. "W. Trenton. It contains an Epis- 
copal church, a store, and a score of dwellings. 

Kamshoro', p. v., Guilford co., 2i. Cor.: 103 m. W. N.W. 
Raleigh. 

Ramsey connty. Mirm. Situate E. middle, and contains 
2,1511 sq. m. It is a country full of lakes and ponds and 
running streams. On the S. the Mississijipi forms its bound- 
ary, and receives the drainage of more than half the county, 
through Rum. Ottonwey, and Pelerah rivers. The Missis- 
sippi also firms a portion of the N. boundary. The county 
is about lOii m. long and 20 broad, and about one-fotirih 
part of its surface is water. The largest lake is Minsi-Sa- 
gaigoning. or Mille Lacs, which covers 300 sq. m. Farms 
19; manuf, 0; dwell. SS4. and pop.— wh. 2,197, fr. col. 3U — 
total 3,227. 0.ipii'-'l : &t. Paul. 

Ramsey's, sta., Bergen county, JV. J*-:r. : on Union R. E., 
28 m. from New York, 5 m. from Suffern's. 

Eanalebup.g. p. v., Mecklenburg co., IT. Car. : 120 m. 
W. S. W. Raleigh. 

Rancocus, p. o., Burlington co., ii'". Jer. : 15 m. S. S. W. 
Trenton. 

Ranooccs creek, y. Jer. : an affluent of the Delaware. 
It rises in Monmouth county, and flowing W. through Bur- 
lington county, falls into the Delaware opposite the mouth 
of Pt-quusin cr., the N. line of Philadelphia covmty. 

Rani'ALLSTowx, v., Ballimore county, Jf'L: 40 miles N. 
Annapolis. 

Ranpali£vim.e, p. v., Robeson co. K Cftr.: on a branch 
of Lnmher r., 03 m. 8. S. W. Raleigh. 

Randolph county, Ala. Situate E., and contains 1*17 
sq. m. Tallapoosa r. flows through it centrally, by which 
and l»y its tributaries. Little Talhipoosa r. and other streams, 
it is drained. Surface generally level ; soil productive, and 
adnptrd to the growth cif cotton, the staple article of com- 
merce. Farms 969; manuf. 23; dwell. 1.904, and pop. — 
wh. li',61C., fr. col. 29, si. 93G— total 11,5^1. C'ipital : Wee- 
dowce. 

Randolph county, ^rX*. Situate N. toward IheE., and 
contains S80 sq. m. Drained by Big Black r. and ita 
branches. Siirtace varied, hut in general is even ; soil fer- 
tile, and produces wheat, corn, etc. Timber of a good 
quality is lound on tlie land. Parma .396 ; manuf. 2; dwell. 
53S, and pop.— wh. 3,029, fr. col. 3, si. 243— total 3,275. 
Copital : Pocahontas. 

Randolph county, Ga. Situate S. W., and contains 713 
sq. m. Dniinefl by i)ranches of Chattahoochee r., which 
I'orins its western boundary, and by branches of Flint r. 
Surface undulating, in parti hilly; soil fertile, and adapted 
to cotton, which Is the principal protluction of the county. 
Pine tindji-r abounds, and some minerals are to be found 
here. Farms 930 ; manuf. 3S : dwell. 1,40S, and pop.— wh. 
7,S5T, fr. col. 3, si. 5,'tOS — total 12.S6S. Capital: Cuthbert. 
Public Work.s: Soutli Western R. II. 

Randolph county, III. Situate S. W.. and contains 514 
sq. m* Kaskaskia r., a trilnilary of the Mississippi, passes 
through the western portion of the county, by which and j 



by St. Mary's and Horse creeks, it is drained. Surface un- 
dulating, and in the S. W., on tlie shore of the Mississippi, 
terminates in high bluffs; soil fertile, producing wheat, In- 
dian corn, and tobacco. Agriculture is the leading pursuit. 
Farms 1,100 ; manuf. 36 ; dwell. 2.046. and ])op.— wb. 10.097, 
fr. col. 263— total 10.9&0. Capitnl: Cliester. 

Randolph county, Ind. Situate E., and contains 42S 
sq. ra. Drained hy \V. fork of Wliite and Mississinc^va rivers 
and their branches, by whiidi good water-power is supplied. 
Surface rolling, in some parts it is low and marshy; soil 
fertile, and adapted to grain and grazing. Chief produc- 
tions, wheat, sugar, and Indian com. It has some prairies, 
and good timber is found on tlie land. Farms 1.477 ; manuf. 
12: dwell. 2.513, and pop.— wh. 14.061, fr. col. 661— total 
14,725. Capital: Winchester. Pithlic Mork^ : Indiatiap- 
olisan<i EellefontaineR. R. ; L^nion and Fort Wayne, Dayton 
and Greenville Extension R. R., etc. 

Ranholph county. Mo. Situate centrally toward the N., 
and contains 457 sq. m. Drained by East Chariton r. and 
branches, and small streams of Salt r. Surface even ; soil 
fertile and very prodneti^e-^it is well adapted to tobacco, a 
large quantity of which is grown. Corn and fruits of tiiffer- 
ent kinds are also produced abundantly. au'I there is 80m« 
timl>er on the land. Bituminous coal of good quality is 
found in large ((uantity. Farms 993; nianut. 47: dwelL 
1,157. and pop.— wh. 7,265, fr. col. 1?, si. 2,156 — total 9,4:39. 
i'ajiitirl: Uuntsville. 

Randolph county, N. Car. Situate centrally, and con- 
tains 724 si|. m. Drained by Deep r. and its branches, and 
branches of Yadkin r. Surface various; sod a deep loam 
and very ftTtile, nuich of it being ada[)led to grazing. Chief 
produeti<ms. tobacco, cniton. wheat, and Indian corn. Farms 
1,173 ; niannf. 41 ; dwell. 2,512, ami pop.— wh. 13,795. fr. col. 
397, si. 1,640— total 15,.s32. O r pi tni : AshboTo\ Puhlia 
Work^: North Carolina Central R. K. 

Randolph county, Virg. Situate toward the N. W., and 
contains 1,4S' .sq. m. Drained by Clieat r. and its branches 
on the E. side f>f the mountains, and branches of East fork 
on the W. side, all Constituting head branches of Monou- 
gahela r. Surface mountainous; soil in stmie parts fertile, 
well adapted to grazing. Chief pro<lucts, wheat and Indian 
corn. Laurel and Cheat mounl^iins run through tlie county. 
Farms 379; manuf. 0; dwell. 844, and pop.— wh. 5,ini3, fr. 
cot. 39. si. 201— total 5.24:J. CujiiUd: Beveriy. 

RANP<'Lpn. p. o., Bihb county, Ala.: 53 miles N.W. 
Montgomery. 

Rand<ilp!L t. and p. o.. Crawfnrd county, P^^nn. : ]9S ra. 
N. W. liarrisburg. Drained by creeks of Venango river. 
Pop. about 1.500. 

Randolph, v., Randolph county, ImJ.: OS m. E. by N. 
Indianapolis. 

Randolph, p. o., Barren county, K'j. : 99 m. S. W. by S. 
Frankfort. 

Randolph, t., p. v., and sta., Norfolk co., ^f<lHft. ; on Fall 
River R. R., 15 m. S. Boston. Surface oft. undulating; 
soil productive, Drainerl by, Mantiquot r. The mamifac- 
ture of shoes, etc., is extensively carried on. There ia 
1 bank— cnpital $150,000 — an aca<lcmy. and C churches. 
There are several villages in the town. Pop. of t. 4,741. 

Randolph, v.. Clay connty. Mo. : 123 miles W. N. W. 
Jefferson City. 

Randolph, t. and p. o., Columbia coimty. Wine: 42 m. 
N. N. W. Madison. Draineil by tributaries of Fox and 
Wisconsin rivers. Surface elevated, but mostly level, a,nd 
affording excellent farm lands. Pop. 61S. 

Randolph, t. and p. o., Coos county, IT. Ramp.: SI m, 
N. by E. Concord. Drained by head branches of Israel's r. 
Surface mountainous, (he White Mountains lying imme- 
diately S. of it. pop. 113. 

Randolph, t. and p. v., Cattaraugus co., JV. Y.: 272 m. 
W. by S. Albany. Surface of t. hilly; soil well adaplerl to 
grazing. Drained by Conew.ango cr. The v., on Little 
Concwango cr., contains about 300 inhabitants. It has a 

7ud 



RAN 



RAV 



considerable manufacturing capital and some retail trade. 
Pop. of t 1,606. 

Randolph, t. and p. o., Pnrlago co., Ohio: 114 m. N. E. 
Columbus. Drained by branch of Cuyahoga r. Surface 
gently uneven ; soil fertile^much grain is raised. Popula- 
tion 1,730. 

Eandoi-ph. p. v.. Tipton co,. Tenn.: on K. side of Mis- 
sissippi r., al liio mouth of Bis: Hatchie r., 22 ni. below Ash- 
port, 173 ra. W. by S. Nashville. Large quantities of cotton 
are shipped from this ]»Iaoe to New Orh-ans. It is a <liJapi- 
dated town at the head of second Chickasaw bluffs. Im- 
mediately opposite is seen Iho first cotton plantation on 
descending the river. 

Randolph, t., p. v., and sta., Orange co., Verm.: 23 m. 
S. MontpHier. Drained by branehes of White r. Surface 
of t. elevated and not much broken ; soil fertile, and well 
cultivated. The v. is handsomely situated, and contains a 
flourishing academy, a chureh. stores, etc. In the t. are 
Beveral tanneries, saw and grist mills. The Vermont Cen- 
tral K. E. passes through its W. part, ■^Q m. from Windsor. 
Pop. of 1 2,6iJ6. 

Kandolph Macon College, p. o, and coll., Mecklenburg 
do., Virg. : 1 m. W. Boydtown and 74 m. S. W. Kichmond. 
The college was founded in 1832. and is uniler the direction 
of the Methodist denoraiiiution. In 1^50 it had 7 professiirs, 
£0 students, and 8.000 volumes in its libraries, and its alumni 
numbered 147, of whom 31 were in the ministry. 

Kandolph'6 Gbote, p. o., M'Lean co., III. : 49 m. N. E. 
Springfield. 

Kaneysburg, p. 0., Washington county, ///. ; 99 m. S. 
Springfield. 

Range, t,, Madison co., Ohio : 27 m. W. S. W. Columbus. 
Drained by head waters of Paint and Deer creeks. Sur- 
face elevated and level; soil rich and productive. It is a 
fine farming country. Pop. 988. 

Rangelt, t and p. o., Franklin co., 3ff. : 63 m. N. W. 
Augusta. Drained by Androscoggin r. and other streams, 
which fall into Aquessuck lake on its S. boundary. Pop. 43. 

Rankin county, Miss. Situate W. centrally, and contains 
795 sq. m. Poar! r. forma its W. and N. W. bouTidary, by 
branches of which it is drained. Surface generally level, 
and is thickly wooded, a large portion of the land being 
pine forest; soil fertile. Cirflon is the staple. Farms 420 ; 
manuf. 5; dwell 698, and pop.— wh. ,S.945, fr. col. 6, si. 
8,276— total 7.227. Capital : lir^xxMlon. Puhlic Works: 
Vicksburg, Jackson, and Brandon R. E. ; New Orleans, 
Jackson, and Northern E. R., etc. 

Ransom, p. v., Hillsdale co., Mich. : 62 ra. S. Lansing. 
Pop. 549. 

Eansom, p. o., Luzerne county, Penn^ : 73 miles N. E. 
Harrisburg. 

Ean6om'b Bridge, p. o., Nash co., 2^. Car. : 42 m. E. N. E. 
Raleigh. 

Ransomvu-le, p. 0., Niagara co., N. Y. : 274 m. W.byN. 
Albany. 

Eantotvle's, p. o., Colleton dist., S. Car.: 82 m. S. by E. 
Columbia. 

Eapuoe, t. and p. o.. Lancaster co., Penn. : 23 m. K. S. E. 
Harrisburg. Surface o I town rolling; soil calcareous loam. 
Drained by the Chiques creeks, which form its E. and W. 
boundaries. It contains numerous saw, grist, flouring, and 
fulling mills, tanneries, distilleries, etc. Pop. about 4.000. 
Mount Joy and Elizabethtown, on the Lancaster and Har- 
risburg E. R., and Manheim are in this town. 

Eapio Ann, p. o., Madison county, Virg. : Tl m. N. W. 
Eichmond. 

Rapid Ann river, FtVj)'. .* rises in the Blue Eidge,in Mad- 
ison county, and joins the Rappahannock, 10 miles above 
Fredericksburg. 

Eapides parish. La. Situate W. centrally, and contains 

1,993 sq. m. Drained by lied r. and its branches, C.ilcasieu 

river, and Bfcuf, llagon, Cypress, Eapide, and Crocodile 

bayous. Surface level, and in some parts very low, subject- 

710 



ing it to inundation when the rivers are high ; soil various, 
along the streams being fertile, and generally productive; 
Sta])le articles of commerce cotton and Indian CMrn. Tim- 
ber is found on tlie land, pine prevailing. It contains some 
small lakes. Farms 1S7; mauuf. 11; dwell. I,ii32, and 
pop.— wh. 5,037, fr. col. 1S4, si. 11,340— total 16.5S1. Cap- 
ital : Alexandria. Public Worku: New Orleans, Opelousas, 
and Great Western E. E. 

Rapids, p. o., Portage co.. Ohio: 130 m. N. E. Columbus. 

Eapids, p. o., Wbitesides co., III. : on S. side of Rock r., 
137 m. N. :?pringfleld. 

Eapids, p. o., B'lone co., la.: 136 m.W. by N. Iowa City. 

Rapids, p. o., Niagara county, iV". 1'.; 260 m. W. by N. 
Albany. 

Eappahannock county, Yiyg. Situate toward the N» E., 
and contains 263 sq.m. Drained by head branches of Euppa- 
hannock r. Surface level ; soil fertile, adapted to grain and 
grazing. Chief products wheat and Indian corn. Farms 
472 ; manuf 34 ; dwell. 990, and pop.— wh. 5,642, fr. col. 296, 
si. 3.844— tolal 9,782. Capital: Washington. 

Eappauannock river, Virg.: rises m the Blue Ridge* 
and flowing in a 9. E. course 130 m., enters Chesapeake 
bay by a large esluarj', 25 m. S. of the mouth of the Poto- 
mac. It has four fathoms water at Hobbs' Hole, and is 
navigable for vessels requiring 10 f *et of water to Freder- 
icksburg, 40 m. from lis mouth. 

Eappahannock AcADEiiT, p. 0., Caroline co., Virg.: 36 m. 
N. by E. Eichmond. 

Eapp's Baep.ens, p. 0., Fulton co., A/^k.: 105 m. N. Little 

Eock. 

Eaeptan. t,, Hunterdon co., K. Jer. : 20 m. N. Trenton. 
Drained by Naehaiiic cr. and several streams, atlbn-nts of 
S. branch <»f Earitan r., which forms tbe N. E. boundary, 
and also by Wickheckcoke and other streams of Delaware 
r. It is a flue farming t, and has numerous mills and man- 
ufactures. Flemington, to which a branch of the Belvidere 
Delaware E. E. will be built, is in Earitan. Pop. 3,066. 

liAP.iTAN, p. V. and sta. Somerset co., ^V. Jer. : on Earitan 
r., 1 m. W. Somerville, by New Jersey Central E. E., 40 m. 
from New York. 

Eaeit.^n bay, K. Jer, : lies between Staten Island on the 
N., Monmouth co., N. J., on the S., and Sandy Hook on the 
S. E. It terminates on the W. at Amboy, to which it has 2J 
fathoms of water. 

Earitan river, K. Jer.: is formed by two branches which 
unite in Somerset co., and empty into Earitan bay at Am- 
boy. Sloops of SO tons ascend the r. with S feet of water to 
New Brunswick, whence also steamboats ply daily to New 
York. 

Eatoliffsbct:g, p. o., Vinton county, Oliio: 57 m. S. E. 
Columbus. 

Eathbonevillk, p. v. and sta., Steuben co. N. Y. : on 
N. E. side of Canisteo cr., 1S6 m. W. by S. Albany, and on 
Erie K. E., 317 m. from Now York. 152 ui. from Dunkirk; 
a handsome village. Pop. about 500. 

liATiiBus, p. o., Sheboygan co., Wise,: 90 m. N. E. by E. 
Madison. 

Ravkn Cp.itek, p. o., Harrison county, Ky. : SC m. N. E. 
Frankfort. 

Ravenna, t., p. v., and cap. Portage co., Ohio: 121 m. 
N. E. Columbus. Surface un<hilating. drained by a branch 
of Cuyahoga r., and by W. branch of Mahoning r. The v. 
is pleasantly situated on a plain, is regularly laid out, and 
contains an elegant court-house of stone, a jail, female sem- 
inary, and four churches. The Pennsylvania aiid Ohio 
Canal jiasiHes throui:h the S. part of the v., and aflbrds water- 
power. The t'levcland and Pittsburg E. R. passes through 
the v., 3S m. from Cleveland, and C2 m. from Wcllsvillc. 
Three newspaper* are published weekly. " PorLi^e Sentinel" 
(dcni.). " Portage County Whig," and " Ohio Star" (free soil). 
Pop. of t. 2,239. 

Ravenna, t. and p. o.. Ollawn co., Mich. : 77 m.W. N.W 
Lansing. Drained by Crockery cr. Pop. 77. 



RAV 

Raven's Nrst, p. o., ■Washington co., Virg. : 254 m. W. 
by S. Kichmond. 

Ravenswood, p. o., Jackson co., Vlrg.: at jimclion of 
Little San.Iy <t. with the Ohio, 253 m. "W. N. W. Kichmoud. 
Populatioii '27G. 

Ravenswood, v.. Queen's co, K Y. : on the East river, 
opposite Blackweli's Island, and about a mile S. of Astoria. 
Stages from Williamshurg pv.m through it several times a 
day, and steamboats from New Turk stup at the lauding. 
Pop. about 3110. 

Raw LI NO'; BURG, p. v., Rockingham co., I\\ Otr:: S4 ni. 
N. W. Ral^-igb. 

KAwi.iNr.sviLi.E, p. v., Be Knlb co., Jhy.: on K. bank of 
"Wills cr. of Coosa r., 149 m. N. by E. Montgomery. 

Rawlin'8 Station, sta.. Hampshire co., Vir(;.: on tlie 
line of the Raltimore and Ohio R. R., 13 m. S. W. Cumber- 
land, and 192 m. from KaUim.Tc. 

Rawlinsville, p. v., Lancaster co., Peiiti.: 41 m. S. E. 
Uarrisburg. 

Rawsonvillk, v., Fiilton co., K }'. ; on Fonda's IJush 
cr., 3i; in. N. "W. Albany. It contains sevL-ral factories, and 
about 500 inhat)itant3. 

Rawsonville, p. v., ■Wa>Tie co., Mch,: 61 m. E. S. E. 
Lansing. 

Rat county, J/o. Situate toward the N. W., and con- 
tains 563 eq. m. Drained by Cn.oked r. and its K. and W. 
forks, and by other small streams, all flawing into the 
Missouri, which forms its S. boundary. Surface undulating; 
soil very fi-rtile, and produt-es in abunrlancc corn, wheat, 
fruits, ete. Tobacco is grown, and there is some fine tim- 
b(T land. Limestone abounds. Farms 8:3^; manuf. 30; 
dwi'tl. 1,457. and pnp.—wh. S,S34, fr. col. 25, si. 1,514— total 
10.373. Capital : Richmond. 

Ray. t. ami p. o., Macomb co.. dHch. : S3 m. E. Lansing. 
Drained by N. branch of Clinton river, which affords water- 
linwer. Pop. 1,232. 

Ray Centke, p. o., Macomb county, JHcIi. : S3 m. E. 
Lansing. 

Raymertown, p. o., Rensselaer co., iV. Y. : 20 m. N. E. 
Albany. 

Raymond, t. and p. o., Cumberland county, ^f^. : 44 miles 
S. "W. Augusta. Sebngo pond forma its S. W. boundary. 
Chiefly devoted to agricultural pursuits. Pop. 1,14*2. 

Raymond, p. v., and cap. Hinds co., Mifts.: on a small 
branch of Pearl r., 14 m. "W. by S. Jackson, It contains a 
court-house, several stores, and is a centre of some trade. 
A branch of the Vieksburg, Jackson, and Brandon R. R. 
comes up t^> the village. Pop. about 5iio. 

Raymond, t., p. o., and sta., Rockingham co.. iV. ITarup. : 
23 m. S. E. Concord. Drainer! by Lamprey river and its 
branches, on which the soil is productive. The Port-snioutli 
and Concord R. R. passes throngli the t., 23 m. from Ports- 
mouth, 24 from Concord, Pop. 1,256. 

Ray:*iond. t. and p, o., Racine co., Wixe. : 75 m. E. by S. 
Ma<lison. Drained hy branch of lloot r. I*op. S20. 
Raymond's, p. o.. Union co., Ohio: 31 m. N.W. Ci>lumbus. 
Raymondvillk, p. o., St. Lawreuco county, ^V! Y. : on W. 
side of Raeket r., 160 ni. N. N. W. Albany. ' 

Raynuam, t., Bristol county, Ma>ts.: 29 miles S. Boston. 
Drained by Taunton river, wliieh forms its S. l)order. and 
afTords water-power. Surface level; soil light. The first 
forge in the United States was erected in this town in 1652, 
and iron to a consi<lerable amount is still manufaetured. 
There are also in the town several grist and saw mills. 
Pop. 1,541. 

Raysortows, v.. Queen's co., N". Y. : on the S. post-road 
of Long Island. W. of Lott's cr.. 23 m. from New York. It 
contains a Pri'sbyterian cliureh, 3 mills, and about 100 in- 
habitants. There is a tine view of the oce.-in from the 
village. 
Ray's Fork. p. c, Scott, co., VTy. .- IS m. N. E. Frankfort. 
Ray's Hill, p. 0., Bedford county, Ptnn.: 11 m. W. 
Uarrisburg. J 



REA 

Raysyillk, p. v., Henry oo.. Iitd.: on W. .side of Blue 
river, 83 m. E. Indianapolis, on line of Indiana Central 
R. R. In the vicinity is line and well imprMved water- 
gower. 

RAYS\^I,LE, p. v., C-iIumtiia co., Ga. . on S. si<le of Little 
r., (J2m. N. E. Milledgeville. 

Raytown, p. v., Taliaferro co., Ga. : 46 m. N. F. by N. 
Milledgeville. 

Rayvti.le, p. v., Lawrence co., Jfiss. .- U m. S. Jackson. 
Drained by u creek of Pearl river. 

Raywick, p. v., Marion co., A"//. .- on N. side of Rolling 
fork of Salt r.. 51 m. S. W. by S. Frankfort. 

Readfield. t. and p. o., Kennebec co., Me. : 9 m. W. by N. 
Augusta. This is a fine fanning t., with fertile soil. It has 
a large pond in its S. part (lying partly in Winlhrop), and 
another in its W. part. The Maine Wesleyan Seminary, 
incorpi^rated in 1S22. is here located. Pop. 1,9>5. 

Redfield Dep6t, p. o., Kenneliec county. J/i'. ; 11 m. 
W. by N. Augusta, and by Androscoggin and Kennebec 
Railroad, 59 m. from Portland. 

Rfadino, t., p. v., and sla., Middlesex co., M'l.tfi.: 12 ra. 
N. Boston. Drained by Ipswich river. Surface diversified; 
si'il generally good, and in some parts excellent. The 
manufacture of iron, shoes, cliairs, and cabinet-ware is ex- 
tensively prosecuted. The Boston and Maine R. R. passes 
through the v.. which is located in the S. part, and the Sa- 
lem and Lowell R. R. crosses it in the N. Pop. 3,108. 

Peadino, t. and p. o., Hillsrlale co.. J//.-//. .■ 66 ni. S. by "W. 
Lansing. Surfaee iliversilied ; soil rich sandy loam, lu its 
W. part is a long p.md, from which flows Hog r. in N. N. E. 
course. Pop. 956. 

Reading, t. and p. o.. Steuben co., A^.1'; 164 m.W. byS. 
Albany. Drained l>y small streams running inlo Seneca 
lake, whicli on ttu> E. forms its Ixmndary. Surface elevated 
and rolling; s-iil clay an<l calcareous loam. The Canandai- 
gua and Elmira R. R. runs along the lake shore. Popula- 
tion 1,134. 

Rrapino. p. v., namilton co.. Ohio: on E. siihi of Mill 
creek of the Ohio r.. 1 m. E. of the Reading Loeks of the 
Miami Canal, 10 ni. N. by E. Cincinnati, S9 m. S. W. by W. 
Columlms. 

Rradino, p. b., and cap. Berks county, Perm. : on the E. 
bank of Schu>llvill river, 50 m. E. Uarrisburg. Laid out in 
174S by Tlionias and liicliard Penn, proprietaries and 
governors of the province, and settled chiefly by Germans, 
whose descendants constitute a large portion of its present 
population. The streets .are spacious and straight, crossing 
at right angles. In a central square stands a splendid 
coart-hi»use, 200 feet long by 220 deep, having an imposing 
portico with 6 columns of retl sandstone — cost .^59.000. Be- 
sides jiuttlic oflices, are a jail, 3 banks — eapi'al $-500,000, an 
acailemy, female seminary, 3 public libraries, and 13 
churches. The Lutheran and the German Reformed 
churches are large anil handsome structures, with lofly 
spires, the former 201 feet high. The natural position of 
Reading, its faeilrtiea of commuincation with Iho interior 
coal rcL'ion, and the s-'a-coast, and its highly industrious 
populalion. have made it the centre of an active trade and 
of extensive manufactures. The Schuylkill Navigation 
Canal, extending from Port Carbon in the anthracite coal 
region above Potlsville to Philadelphia, passes through 
Beading, and tlie Union Canal extends hence to Middle- 
town, on the Susquehanna. The Philadelphia and Read- 
ing II. R. {now extended to Potlsville) passes through the 
place, 5S m. from Philadelphia. A line of railroad is pro 
Jecled to Harrisburg. There are various largo manufacto- 
ries. One anthracite t>l;ist furnace has an annual capacity 
of 3.500 tons, and produced in 1S49 3 250 tons, employing 
steam-power and 50 men. One hut-bl.ist charcoal furnace 
has an annua! capacity of 1,5.10 tons, using water-power, em- 
ployinir40 men. and produced in 1849 450 tons. One cold- 
blast charcoal furnace has an annual capacity of 1,100 tons, 
employing 100 mon, using water-power, and made in 1S49 

711 



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897 ions. One forge, employing sU^'am-power and 14 men, 
has an annual capacity of GOO tons. Tiiere are S charcoal 
forges, employing W men; and 2 rulling-miils, employing 
8tcain-powt-r and 215 men, which made in 1S49 2.6i)0 Ions. 
The manufacture of hats for the southern and western mar- 
kets is a large bu^ir/ss. A cotton factory, making fine mus- 
lins, produi-es about S,000 yards daily. There are also large 
flouring-mills, a nail factory, breweries, tanneries, a pottery, 
lumber yards, etc. "White wines of excellent quality are 
manufactured. Beading is supplied with water by an 
aqueduct from a spring on Penn's Mount, contlucled into 
a reservoir, and thence distributed Uiruugh the streets in 
iron pipes. Two fine covered bridges eross the Scliuyikill, 
hero GOO feet wide, one of which cost $GO,noO. Iron ore and 
limestone are found in the vicinity. ■Wat»_T-power is fur- 
nished by the Schuylkill and Talpehnchea creek. In 1S50 
9 newspapers were publislied weekly, of which 4 were in 
German, viz., *'R. Eagle" (dem.), "Utrks and Schuylkill 
Journal" (whig), " Berks Co. Press" (dem.), '■ People's Ad- 
vocate" (neuu), '• Gazette and Democrat" (dem.), " Ham- 
burger Schnell Post" (neut»), "LiberaleBeobachler" (whig), 
*' Der Geist der Leil'" (dem.), and " Keadinger Adler" (neuU) 
The citizens of Reading are noted for Iheir general inteUi- 
gence and refinement, as well as for industrial enterprise. 
Pop. in ISIO, 3,4G3; in 1S20, 4,332; m 1S30, 5,S50; in 1S40, 
8,410 : in 1S50, 15,74S. 

Reading, t., Adams county, Penn. : 12 ra. N. Gettysburg. 
Drained by Couewago creek and Muddy Run, a brancli of 
Bermudian creek. Surface level; soil red shale and slate. 
The V. of Berlin is on Conewago creek. The t. has several 
potteries, etc., and 1,201 inhabitants. 

Reading, t. and p. o., Fairfield co., Conn. : 47 ra. S. "W. 
Hartford. Drained by Saugaluck and Norwalk rivers. 
Surface diversified: soil of average fertility. The v. is near 
the a^ntre. and contains 2 churches and several dweUings. 
Pop. of t. 1.754. 

Reading, t and p. o., "Windsor co., Verin. : 56 m, S. fcy E. 
Monlpelier. Drained by branches of Black and Queechee 
rivers, and by Mill creek. Surface elevated and uneven ; 
soil well adapted to grazing. Considerable manufactures 
carried on, but the chief occupation of the people is farming. 
Pop, 1,171. 

Reading, p. v., Livingston county, Jll.: 97 m. N. E. 
Springfield. 

Reading Centre, p. v., Steuben county, y. T.: 167 m. 
W. by S. Alliany. 

Readinii Ridge, p. v., Fairfield county, (7mm. : in tlie E. 
part of L of Reading, 4G^ ra. S. W. Harllord. 

Readington, t. and p. o., Hunterdon co., JV! Jei'.: 22 m. 
N. Trenton, brained by 8. branch of Raritan r., aud by 
Rockaway r. and branches. Surface, except in the S. W., 
hilly; soil red shale, clay, and loam. It is crossed by the 
New Jersey Central K. R. 28 m. from Easton, and 34 ra. 
from Elizabeth town. The villages of "White House, Me- 
chanicsvitle, etc., are in Readington. Pop. 2,s:36. 

READSUono', t and p. o., Bennington co., Verm-. : 106 m. 
S. by W. Montpelier. Drained by Deerfield river ami 
branches. Surface mountainous, and much of the land unfit 
for cultivalion. Pop. S57. 

Readville. sta., Norfolk co., 3lasB. : on the Boston and 
Providence R, R., 8 m. S. Boston. 

Readtvillk, p. v., Rutherford co., Teim. : on Stone's r., 
a tributary of Cumberland r., 39 m. S. E. by K. Nashville. 

Reamstown, p. v., Lancaster co.. Peim.: on E. side of 
branch of Coneatoga cr., 39 m. E. by S. Harrisburg. 

Ebaville, p. o., Hunterdon co., H. Jer. : 25 ra. N. N. "W. 
Trenton. 

Rebecca FtrRNACK, v., Botlctourtco., Virg. : on a branch 
of James r., navigable for boats of 5 or 7 tons, 3\ ni. to the 
works. There is a white sulphur spring iu the vicinity. 

REBEBSitCRG. p. V., Centre co., Penn.: on a branch of 
Penn's creek, aud N. of Brush .Mountain, 55 m. N. N. W. 
Harrisburg. It contains about 2iio inliabiUmtg. 
712 



Recklesstown. p. v., Burlington co., A'. Jer. : on N.side 
of Horner's cr., 10 m. S. by E. Trenton, 

Rector's Cross Roads, v., Fauquier county, Virg. : 95 m. 
N. by W, Richmond. 

Kectoi'.town, p. v., Fanquier co,, Virg. : 1 ra. S. Goose 
creek, an*! 96 m. N, by W. Kiohniond. It contains several 
floori tig-mills and stores, and a church. 

Red Bank, p. o., Lawrence county, Ai'k. : 1 ra. N. from 
Spring r., 114 m. N. N. E. Little Rock. 

Red Bank, p. v., Monmoulh co., K. Jfir. : on S. bank of 
Nevisink r., 36 ra. E. by N. Trenton. This place is much 
resortt-d to in the summer, and a steamboat runs between 
it and New York several times a day during the season. 
: ea air, fishing, and rural sports arc the attractions. The 
North American Phalimx have a settlement near this vil- 
lage, respecting which, and other societies of a like nature, 
the following letter from Charles Sears, secretary to the 
association, will prove of great interest and value to in- 
quirers : 

The North American Phalanx, i 
NeiD Jersey^ April 13, 1S53. J 

Dear Sir — I received your letter of 9th inst, and, in 
accordance wiih your suggestion, inclose herewith a sum- 
mary statement of our aims, organization, and statistics. It 
is brief as I could well make it. Ours, I believe, is the only 
association in this country or in the world that adopts Fou- 
rier's formula of organization. A good many similar at- 
tempts have been made, but hitherto without success. 
There arc other forms of association in this country, and 
those within my knowledge are : 

Uoj^edtiU Community^ in Milford, Ma'^s., Rev. Adin Bal- 
low, leader. This is a non-resistant Christian fraternity, 
having many interests in common, and some separate in- 
terests. • 

Raritan Bay Union, near Perth Amboy, New Jersey, is 
about organizing this spring. This body proposes to asso- 
ciate capital, and when expedient or desirable, they will co- 
operate industrially. George B. Arnold, resident director, 
Perth Amboy. 

Modem Tiines, Long Island, 40 miles from Brooklyn, 
Josiah Warren, leader. This is an atti-mpt to organize, (jr, 
rather, to institute justice upon a scientific basis, viz., '' In- 
dividual Sovereignty," recognizing competition, and repu- 
diating institutions, government, etc 

The German stwie ties, such :i3 the Ebenezer Soci^, near 
Buffalo, New York; T^te Society at Zoar^ Ohio, under J. 
liimeler; Rapp's Society, at Economy, on the Ohio, near 
Beaver, Penn. I believe these societies ditfiT from each ^ 
other, but I am not familiju- with their distinctive principles. 

The Icaritiiui, at Nauvoo, Illinois, under Cabet. 

The Perfection isin, at Oneida, New York, J. II. Noyea, 
leader. There are a number of these Christian commuui- 
tic.**, claiming a scientific as well as a religious basis of or- 
ganization, and of all of which I believe Ihat Mr. J. H. 
Noyes of Brooklyn, New York, is the acknowledged head. 

Finally, The Shakers, who also are now in the field us 
prop:igandi8t reformers. 

I had forgotten to mention a society of Spiritualists, that 
went out last year under the direction of Rev. T. L. Harris, 
late of New York City. This place^is called Mountain 
Cove, somewhere in Western "Virginia."^ 
I am very respectfully yours, 

Charles Skars, Secretary. 

R. S. Fisher, Esq., Brooklyn. 

The North American Pualanx Association, 

Monmouth County, near Red Sank; 2^. Jer. 
This Association was organized, not for the purpose of 
correcting any special f >rm of evil, but to Institute Posi- 
TivK lIiGHTs; which, being accomplished, \vkongs, conse- 
quently CKASK. 

Thosf who liave been active in establishing this Institu- 
tion, bLliev*? wilh the associative school, that exisiijig civil- ' 



RED 



RED 



Izatlon, as well as the forms of society that prect'ded it. are 
phasL'S ill the growth of the Human Race; and that the 
presi.'Ut anLigoiiism of iat^-resls and othtr disor<itrs are, in 
turrr, to be suptrseded by Oboanio Forms of Society, in 
which Men, Women, and Children shall, by the force of 
Society, be established in possession of the Ripht of Labor 
and the fruits thereof— a Home ; Social Culture ; and a 
Practical Eduealion in the Affairs of Life. The general 
purpose of the Association is expressed in the formula of 
Fourier as follows: Unity of Man with God, with Na- 
ture, AND wiTU Man. 
Of practical Institutes, the following formula is adopted : 

Joint St<ick I ( Association 

Property ; \ C<^P<-^r=it''ve Labor ; j ^^ ^^^^^.^.^^ . 

Equitable v jj^^j,,^, i Honors 

D.striburion V Guarantees: i ^^'^'''^m 
of Profits; 1 \ to U&etulness; 

Integral Education ; Unity of Interests. 

The Association organized in 1S43. Its domain consists 
of 673 acres of rolling land, \ipon the Crt't-nsand Belt in 
Monmoutli County (near Red Bank), New Jersey, about 40 
miles south of New York. The present population is about 
1-30 persons. Agricullure in its various branches is a lead- 
ing industry. Milling, and some mechanica.* branches, are 
also carric'l on. 

In organization, the serial form is adopted, and the fol- 
lowing are the principal departments, viz. : 



The Agricultural Berie 
" Stock « 

" Mechanical *' 



The Domestic Serie 
" Manufacturing Serie 
" Festal " 



And within the past year the Educational Serie has been 
organized, in which it is proposed to Educate the young 
Integ RALLY, that is. to develop the bodily powers, the affee- 
liiiiis, and the intA.-llecl; and not to limit our Educational 
efforts mainly to the culture of the intellect, as in the 
current method of Education. 

Aprii, 1S53. 

Red Bank, t, Clarion co., Pt^nn. : 149 m. N. Vf. by W. 
Harrisburg. Drained by Red Bank, Mah<ining, and Beaver 
creeks. Surface ntlling; soil fertile loam. Alutn is found 
in the L. and several manufactories arc carried on. rupii- 
latiun 3,2TC. 

Red Bank FrRNACE, p. o., Armstrong co., Pnni.: 1.34 m- 
"W. N. W. Il.-irri^ljurg. Here is a clianvial cold-blast fur- 
nace, whieh produces annually about 2,UU0 tons metal, and 
gives employment to 100 men. 

Red Banks, p. v., Marehall co., Miss. : 174 m. N. by E. 
Jackson. 

Red BEAcn, p. o., Washington co., jI/^'. ; 114 m. E. N. E. 
Augusta. 

Red Bluff, p. o., Marion district, S. Car. : So m. E. 
Columbia. 

Red- Bluff, p. o., Wythe co., Virg.: 203 m. W. by S. 
Richmond. 

Red Boiling Springs, p. o., Macon co., Tenn.: 43 m. 
E. by N. Nashville. 

Red Bridge, p. o., Ulster co., iV. Y. : 56 m. S. S. W. 
Albany. 

Red Bud, p. o., Randolph county, III. ; 115 m. S. by W. 
Springfield. 

Red Bim, p. o., Ozark county, Mo. : on Brj-ant's fork of 
While r, 94 m. S. Jefferson City. 

Red Cedae creek, Miim. Tor. : in Washington co., flows 
S. E. into St. Croix r., in lat. N. 45° 46'. 

Red Cedar lake. Mhm. T^r. : in N. E. comer of Benton 
county, connected by an outlet with Mississippi river. 

Red Cedar lake and river. Wise. : tlie lake in N. W. part 
of the county is the most 9. of a chain of lakes, forming the 
source of the river, which flows S. by W. about 70 m., and 
empties inio Chippewa river. 

Red Cedar river, Mich.: rises in Linngston co., flows 



W. by N. througli N. part of Ingham co., and empties into 
Grand river, near Lansing. 

Red Clay, p. o. and sta.. Murray county, Ga. : near 
Tennessee State line, on East Tenni-ssee and Tleorgia R. R., 
^5 m. N. Dallon. 176 m. N. W. by N. Milledgeville. 

Red Cheek, p. o., Wayne co., A' V. 

Reddington, p. v., Jiickson co., IttJ. : 1 ra. E. of E. fork 
of White r., 52 m. S. S. E. Indianapolis. 

Red Falls, p. o., Greene county, .V. }' ; 2? m. S. S. W. 
Albany. 

ItEDFiEi.D, t. and p. c, Oswego county. X. Y. : 124 miles 
W. N. W. Albany. Drained by Satninn r. and iis bnnches. 
Surface undulating; soil a moist loam, and adapted to 
grass. Some small manufactures are carried on. Popula- 
tion 752. 

Redfoot river, Tcnv. : rises in N. E. part of Obion co., 
flows in S. S. W. course through W. p;trt of this and Dyer 
counties, and empties into Obion r., near its entrance into 
Mississippi river. 

Redfoud. t. and p. v., Wayne co., Jfich. : 71 m. E. S. E. 
Lansing. Drained by N. branch of Rouge river and its 
branches. The v. is on W. b.mk of the river, which affords 
water-power used by saw-niills, etc. Pop. of t. 1.645. 

Reoford, p. v., Clinton co., A', Y. : on N. side of g.iranao 
r., 136 m. N. Albany. Iron ore is .^^)undant in the vicinity, 
and in tlie v. are glass-works, and about .500 iubabitantg. 

Red Hill, p. o., Marshall county, Ala.: loo miles N. 
Montgomery. 

Red Hill, p. o. and sta.-, Murray county. G<r. : on I'^ast 
Tennessee and Georgia R. R., D miles N. Dalton, 1G9 miles 
N. W, by N. MiUedgeville. 

Red Hill, p. v., Grainger county, Tt^/ui.: 174 miles E. 
Nashville. 

Red Hill, p. o., Hardin county, A'y. ; 70 miles S. W. 
Frankfort. 

Rrd Hill, p. o., Kershaw dist, S. Car.: on E. side of 
Catawba r., 29 m. N. E. by N. Oohunbia. 

Red Hill, AI ILimp.: a summit a little N. of Winnipis- 
eogee lake, and eomrtianding an extensive and fine view 
of the romantic scenery of the region. 

Red Hook, t. and p. v.. Duchess co., X. 71 ." 44 m. S. 
Albany. Drained by small streams flowing into Hud-^on r., 
wlueh bounds it on the W. Surface rolling; soil clay ami 
Ii>anL There are two landings from the river, eiilled Upper 
and Lower. Tlie v. of Upper Red Hook is ab'iiil 4 m. back 
from the landjnir, and contains a rhurch, an aca'leniy. seve- 
ral stores, and 300 inhabitants; and that of Lower Red Hook, 
about 3 m. from the lower landing, and is a somewhat large 
settlcTuent. There are other villages in tlie tnw«. of which 
Tivoli and Barrytown on tho river and railroad are the* 
largest. Factories of various dtseriptions are established in 
tlie villages. Pop. of t. 3.263. 

Red IIot'SE. p. o., Chariolle co., Virg. : 74 m. W. S. W. 
Richmond. 

Red HtjuSE Shoals, p. o.. Putnam co., Vinj. : on Kan- 
awha r.. 2r,5 m. W. N. W. Richmond. 

Red Jacket, p. o., Erie Co., X. Y. : 256 m. W. Albany. 

Red Land, p. v.. Pontotoc co., Mi^s. : on Loohaton cr.j 
9 m. S. Pontotoc, and 141 in. N. E. by N. Jackson. 

Red Land, p. o.. Bossier parish, La.: 214 miles N. W. 
Baton liouge. 

Red Lion, hund. and p. o,. New Castle co., Dt'l : 82 m. 
N. by W. Dover. Tlie hund. contains an area of 13,900 
acres. Drained by Red Lion creek, on the N. side of which 
and on the New Castle and I'renchtown R. R. is situate the 
V. of Red Lion, which derives its name from the principal 
tavern. The hund. is strictly a farming country, and con- 
tains about 1,600 inhabitanla. 

Red Li' n. p. v., Warren county, Ohio: 73 m. W. S. W. 
C(»Uimluis. It contains several mechanic phnp^, and about 
200 inhabitanla. 

Red Lion, v.. Buriington co., A\ Jer. : 4 m. S. of Rancocxis 
cr, and 22 m. S. Trenl')n. 

718 



KED 



REE 



Redman, p. o., Jackson county, Ala. : 16T miles N. 
Montg'iraery. 

Ked Mills, p. o., Putnam co., y. T. : on a branch of 
Crolon r., SS ni. S. Albany. 

Red Mound, p. o., Henderson co., Tenn. : 97 m. W. S. W. 
Nnshville. 

Red Mountaik, p. o., Orange co., 2^. CVir. : 83 m. N. "W. 
Efllfiph. 

Red Oak, p. c, Fayette county, Ga. : S5 ra. "SV. N. W. 
Milled geviUe. 

Red Oak, p. o., Ellis co., Tex.: 165 m. N. N. E. Austin 
City. 

Red Oak Grove, Burlington co., JV. Jer. 

Red Oak Geove, p. o., Charlotte co., Virg. : 73 m. S, "W. 
Richmond. 

Red Plains, p. o., Yadkin co., 2f. Car. : 115 m. "W. by N. 
Raleigh. 

Red River county, Tex. Situate N. E., and 'contains 
1,312 sq. ra. Red river forms its northern boundary, by 
branches of which and of Sulphur fork of Red river it is 
drained. Surface undulating and diversified ; soil fertile 
and adapted to cotton and corn. It is well timbered. Farms 
1C6: manuf. 7; dwell. 420, and pop.— wh. 2,493, fr. col. 7, 
si. 1,406— total 8,906. Capital: Clarksville. 

Red River, p. o., Robertson county, Tenn.: 30 m. N. 
Nashville. 

Red river, Zrt., Arl:^ etc. : is the first large r. which enters 
the Mississippi above its mouth. It rises at the base of the 
range of Rocky Mountains, near Santa F6, in Mexico, and 
Is formed by several miiin branches. It receives several 
large tributaries, the principal being Blue r. and False Wa- 
shita. The 8. bank forms for a great distance the boundary 
between the IT. S. territories and Texas. A greater part of 
its course is through rich prairies of a red soil, which colors 
the water of the r., and has been the origin of its name. 
Its shores are covered with grass, and abound with grape- 
vines, which produce an excellent fruit. About 100 m. above 
Nachitoches commences what is denominated the Raft, 
which consists of a swampy expansion of the r., to the width 
of 20 or 30 m., and length of 60 or 70 m. The r. divides 
Into a great number of channels, many of which are shallow, 
and have been obstructed by fallen trees, brought down by 
floods from its upper parts. In some places the raft covered 
the whole r., and had grass and willows growing on the 
alluvial soil collected on it. and could even be crossed on 
horseback, though not without danger, but more generally 
the r. appeared between the masses of limber. At a great 
expense this raft has been so far removed by the United 
States government that steamboats pass through it. Boats 
Bometimes pass the raft by leaving the r. above it, in a 
channel which flows out of it into some neighboring lake, 
and following the outlet of this lake until it joins the r., 
brlow the raft. This rafl baa been a serious obstnielion, as 
the r. M-oidd otherwise be navigable for steamboats 400 miles, 
and* tlie lands on its borders are highly fertile, and desirabk? 
for cultivation for a great distance above the raft. Below 
the raft, and 4 m. above Nachitoches, the whole volume of 
the r. is again united, but very soon divides into m.any 
channels, and fills an immense number of bayous and lakes 
that lie parallel to it. In its lower part the main channel 
of the r. is narrower than above the raft. 

Red River Ikon Works, p. v., Estill co., Xy. .' on S. side 
of Red r, 55 ra. E. S. E. Fraukf irt. Iron in abundance 
here and in vicinity, and worked successfully. 

Ef.d River Landino. p. o., Point Coupee par.. La.: on 
S. bank of Red r., 43 m. X. W. Baton Rouge. 

Red Rock. p. o., Marion co., fa.: on N. bank of Des 
Moines r.. 94 m. W. by 8. Iowa City. 

Red Rock, p. c, Upshur co., Tex.. : 247 ra. N. E. Austin 
City. 

Red Rock, p. o., Ramsey co., Minn. Ter. 

Red SnoAi.s. p. o., Stokes co., N. Car, : 102 m. W. N. W. 
Baleigh. 

T14 



Red Spring, p. o., Polk county, Tenn, : 13S m. S. E. by R 
Nashville. 

Rkd Stone, t and p. o., Fayette county, Penn. : 155 m. 
W. by S. Harrisburg. Drained by creeks of Monongahela 
r., which bounds it on the W., and affords good water-power 
Mills of various descriptions arc in operation. On the r. ia 
Brownsville, a flourishing v., 12 m. N. W. Uuiontown. Pop, 
oft. about 1.400. 

Red Sulphur Springs, p. o., Hardin co., Tenn, : 97 m. 
S. W. Nashville. 

Red S l-lpu[7r Springs, p. v., Monroe co., Virg. : on Indian 
cr., ISl m. W. Richmond. The waters of these and other 
neighboring springs are highly recommended for certain 
curative effects. "The approach to the village," says a 
visitor, "is beautifully romantic and picturesque. Wending 
his way around a high mountain, the traveler is for a mo- 
ment charmed out of his fatigue by the sudden view of his 
resting-place, some hundreds of feet immediately beneath 
him. Continuing the circuitous descent, he at length reaches 
a ravine, which conducts hira, after a few ragged steps, 
to the entrance of a verdant glen, surrounded on all sides 
by lofty mountains. The S. end of this enchanting v-ile, 
which is the widest portion of jt, is about 200 feet in width. 
Its course is nearly N. for 150 yards, when it begins gradu- 
ally to contract and change its direction to the N. W. and W., 
until it terminates in a narrow point. This beautifully se- 
cluded Tempe is the chosen site of the village. The S. 
portion, just at the base of the east and west mountains, is 
that upon which stand the various edifices for the accoramc^ 
dation of visitors. These buildings are spacious unci con- 
veniently arranged ; the servants are prompt and obedient ; 
and the titfjle de hole is abundantly supplied with every 
thing that can tempt the appetite. The promenades aro 
beautifully embellished, and shaded from the mid-day sun 
by large su£jar maples, the natives of the forest." 

Red Wing, p. o., Waba^haw co., Minn. Ter. 

Redwood, p. v., Jefferson co., J^. Y. : on W. side of Indian 
r., 152 m. N. W. Albany. It contains several manufactiiring 
establishments and about 200 inhabitants. 

Redwood, p. o., Grainger co., Tenn. : ISO m. E. Nashville. 

Reed island, Pulaski county, Vlrg,: on New r., 1S5 m. 
W. by S. Richmond. 

Reed, t., Seneca co., Ohio: 9 m. N. Colnmbu'?. Drained 
by creeks of Sandusky and Huron rivers. Surface elevated 
and rolling; soil fertile. Farming is the sole occupation 
pursued. Pop. 1,494. 

Reed Creek, p. c, Randolph county, Al Car.: 72 m. W. 
Raleigh. 

Reedsburo, p. 0.. Sauk co.. Wise. : on E. bank of Baraboo 
r.. 45 ni. N. W. Madison. 

REEDSBcTtrt, p. v., Wajme co., Ohio: on E. side of Muddy 
fork of Walhonding r., 72 m. N. E. by N. Colnmbus. 

Rerd's CouNEia, p. o., Ontario county, X. Y. : 1S6 m. W. 
Albany. 

Read's Creek, p. o., Lawrence co., Ark. : on Reed's or. of 
Strawberry r., 95 m. N. N. E. Little Rock. 

Reed's Febky, p. o., llillsboro' co., N". ITamp. : on E. sido 
of Mcrrimae r., 25 m. S. by E. Concord. The Concord K. R. 
pa^*se3 this place 9 m. N. Nashua. A normal school f tr the 
education of t*!achers, was erected here in 1S49, at an ex- 
pense of$5,5no. 

Reed's Grove, p. o., Will county, lU.: 183 m. N. E. 
Springfield. 

Reed's Landing, p. o., Wabashaw co., 3finn. Ter. 

Reed'6 Mills, p. o., Vinton county, Ohio: 54 m. 8. S. E. 
Columbus. 

Rkei>'s Setti-ement, p. 0., Panola county, Tece.: 247 m. 
N. K. by E. Austin City. 

Ref.wviu.k, Miftlin co., Penn. : on W. side of branch of 
Kishishiocoquil cr. of .Tuniata r., 46 m. N. W. Harrisburg. 

Reedtown, p. o., Seneca co., Ohio: 77 m. N. Cduinbus. 

Reedy Bbancu, p. o., Moore co., iV. Car. : 4S m. S. W. 
Raleigh. 



KEE 

Ekedy Creek, p. v., Jefferson oo., Ga. : 55 m. E. N. K. 
Miltedgeville. 

Eeedt CitEEK, p. o., Marion disU, S. Car. : SO m. E. by N. 
CJoIumbia. 

Eeedy Kipple, p. o., Wirt co., Virg. : 231 m. "W. N. W- 
Richmond. 

liEKDYvrLLE, p. 0., Wirt count}', Viri;. : 2-32 ni. W. N. W. 
Eichmond. 
Eeelfoot, p. c, 01)ion co.. Term.: 145 m. "W. Nashvillu. 
Eeel's Mill, sta., Putnam co., Jnrf.: on the Terre Haute 
and Richnimd E. II., 4S m. W. by S. Indianapolis. 

Eeem'9 Ckf.ek, p. u., Buncombe co., Jf. Car: 21 G m. W. 
Eal.-if;;h. 

■ UktSE's Mill, p. o., BiK)ne co., Ind. : 30 m. N. N. "W. 
Indianapolis. 

Eefokm, p. o., Pickens co., Aht.: on a small branch of 
Little Tnrabigbee r., 123 ra. N. W. by W. Montgomery. 

Eefokm, sta,, Effingham oo., Ga. : on the led aide of 
Oget'chee r. and on the line of the Central Railroad, 30 m. 
from Savannah and 157 m. from Milledgoville. 

Eefl'gio county, 7kr. Situate S. E., and contains l.G4o 
sq. nu Drained by San Aul<inio and Mission rivers and 
other streams, all flowing into the Gulf on tlieE. The Gau- 
dalupe lorms its northern boundary. Surface level, and 
pleasantly diversified; soil a deep black mold, fertile and 
well adapted to cotton and sugar. It has excellent limber 
land. In the winter the prairies are the resort of ^ame of 
different kinds, and the inhabitants derive much pr^ifit aa 
well as pleasure from hunting. Farms 21 ; matiuf b; dwell. 
56, and pop.— wh. 269, fr. col. 0, si. 19— total 2&8. Capital : 
Eefugio C. H. 

Eefugio, p. v., and cap. Eefngio co., Tt<p. : on E. bank 
of Mission r., Ul m. S. by E. Austin City. 

liEGNiEit's Mills, p. o., Wa.'^hington county. Ohio: on a 
branch of Duck creek of the Ohio river, S5 m. E. by S. 
Columbus. 

EEHoBoTn, p. v., Wilkes co,, Ga.: at the cross roads be- 
tween Lincolnton and Washington, 62 m. W. E. by I^J. 
Milledgcville. 

liEUOBuTn, t. and p. o., Bristol co., J/a,?.i. ; 33 m. S. by W. 
Boston. Drained by Palmer's r., which affords water-iiower. 
It is a good farming region, and contains also several man- 
ufactures. Pop. 2,103. 

Eeuoboth, p. v., Perry county, Ohio : -44 m. E. S. E. 
Columbus. 

KEUoiiOTH, p. v., Edgefield dist., S. Car. : 63 m.W. S. W. 
C^tlumbia. 

liEnoBOTn, p. v., Lunenburg co., VirQ. : C3 m. S. W. 
Eichmond. 

llEnRF-iiSBDRG, p. V., Berks co., Penn.: 35 m. E. N. E. 
Ilarrisbnrg. It contains 2 churches, several stores, and 300 
inhabitants. 

llKiDSBUF.o, p. v., Clarion county, Penn. ; on a creek of 
Clarion r., 14tJ m.'W. N. W. Ilarrisburg. A small v. of 
some 20o iidiabitants. Iron abounds in the vicinity. 

EiciusviLLi:. ]). v,, and cap. Tatnall co., Ga.: <ni W. side 
of Great ohoopee r.. 101 m. S. K. Miliedgeville. It contains 
the county buildings, and is on the line of the projected 
Savannah and Albany E. E. 

Eeii'Sville, p. v., Albany co., K, Y.: 14 m. W. .'^. W. 
Albany. 

Eeidsville. p. v., Eockingham county. A"". Car.: 76 m. 
N. W. by W. Ealeigh. 

Eeily, t. and p. o., Butler co., Ohio : 99 m. W. S. W. 
Columbus. Drained by branches of Miami r. Surface un- 
even; soil fertile, producing an excellent quality of wheal. 
Timber abundant in the I. and vicinity. Pop. 1,716. 

Eeindeep^ p. 0., Xodaway county. Mo.: 1S9 m. N. W. 
Jefferson City. 

Ekiner-sbceo, v., Clarion co., Penn.: on an affluent of 
Eed Bank cr., 146 m. W. X. W. Ilarrisburj. The Eraiik- 
lin Iron-Works are located here, and formerly emplo\ed 
about 80 hands and produced 1,100 tons No. 8 met^iL 



RES 

REiNnoLns-vTLLF>, p. v., Lancaster county, Peyin. : 36 m. 
E. 8. E. Harrisburg. 

Reisteetown, p. v.. Baltimore co., 3ld. : about SJ ra. E. 
Paiap:»co r., 3T nL N. K. W. Columbia. The Westmirwter 
Turnpike passes through the village. 

Relay Hoise, ata., Huliimore co.. JA7. ; on the Balt!mi>re 
and Susquehanna E. R., at the divert;ence of Ihe West- 
minster Branch R. R., 7 m. N. Ballimore. 

Eflay lUiusE, sla., Baltimore co., Md. : on the N. side 
of Palapsci> r., and on the line of the BalLiniore and Ohio 
I:. E., at the divergeneo of the Washinatou Branch It. i;., 
it m. S. W. Baltimore. 

Relfe, p. o., Pulaski co., Mo.: 45 m. S. Jefferson City. 
Relf's Bluff, p. o., Ihvw county, Ark. : GO m. S. S. W. 
Little Rock. 

Remington, p. v., Alleghany co., Penn. : 141 m. W. by N. 
IIarrial)urg. 

Eemsen, t. and p. o.. Oneida co.. A"". 5' ; S9 m. N. W. by W. 
All>any. Drained by Black r. and branches. Surface hilly ; 
soil of average fertility. The v. coiUains 2 churches, several 
?lores and mills, "0 dwellings, and 4UU inhabitants. Popu- 
lation of I. 2,40". 

Eenick Mills, p. o,. La Fayette co.. Mo. : 9S m. W. N.W. 
Jefferson City. 

Kenkock, p. o., Morgan county, Ohio: GS m. E. S. E. 
Columlms. 

Eensselaf,b county, A^ 5' Situate E., and contains 
626 sq. m. Drained by Iloosic r., and WynauL^kiil. ami 
Poest^nkill flowing into Hudson r. on the W., and alfording 
in their course good water privileges. Surface plea.saiiiiy 
diversified with hills and valleys; soil fertile. Chief j-n.- 
ducts, wheat, Indian corn, and potatoes. It contains some 
minerals, and extensive slate quarries; the products of the 
latter are used principally fur rofifing. Farins 2,03t); 
marmf. 639; dwell. 10,972, and pup.— wh. 72,337, fr. e*.*]. 
1,026— total 73,363. Capital: Tr<iy. Pu(>!ic Ho/-A-.s-; Hud- 
son Elver K. R. ; Albany and W. Stockbhdge R. E.; Troy 
and Greenbush E. E. ; Troy and Boston E. II.; Troy and 
Rutland R. E., etc. 

Rknsselaeu, p. v., and cap. Jasper county, Ind. : on 
Iroquois r., 92 m. N. W. by N. Indianapolis. 

Rensselaer, v., Rensselaer co., Ji. Y. : 12 m. S. E. Troy. 
It contains 3 churches, several stores and meclianic sh'^p^i, 
anil oOO inhabitants. In the vicinity there are also nucneruus 
saw and grist mills. 

Rensselaekville, t. and p. v., Albany co., A' F. ; 24 m. 
S. W. by W. Albany. Drained by Calskill and Foxes creeks. 
Surface hilly; soil sandy loam, and generally fertile. The 
v. on Foxes cr. cont.ains 4 churches, an academy, a dozen 
stores, iron works and machine shops, and other iudnstrial 
establishments, and about 1,0'I0 inhaliitants. In the t. are 
tanneries, and numerous saw-mills, etc. Pop. 3,630. 

Reptos, p. o., Clark county, Ind.: S9 in. S. by E. 
Indianapolis. 

Erfuhuc, p. o., Surry co., A^ Car.: 320 m. W. N. W. 
Ralrigh. 

Eeitblic. p. v., Seneca co., Ohio: 78 ra. N. Columbus. 
The Mad EiviT and Lake Erie E. E. passes through this 
place, 30 m. from Sandusky, and 128 frtJin Dayton. 

llEPfULiOAN, p. o.. Darke Co., Ohio: 93 in. W. Columbus. 
EErtiHLiCAN Grove, p. o., Halifax county, Virg.: 93 m. 
W. S. W. Eichmond. 

Eepublioas Mills, p. o., Fairfax co., Virg.: 91 m. N. 
Eichmond. 

EiSACA, p. V. and sla., Murray county, Ga. : 164 m. 
N. W. Ijy N. Milledgevillc. The Western and Atlantic 
E. E. passes the place, S5 m. from Atlanta, and 55 from 
Chaianooga. 

Reservation, v., Erie county, A^. K; 241 m. W. by N. 
Albany. 
Rf.hi:rvf„ p. 0., Miami co., Ind. : 70 ip. N. Indianapolis. 
RrsKF.VE, p. o., St. Joseph's county, Mich.: 64 m. S. W. 
LaiL-^ing. 

715 



BBS 



EHO 



Eeseeve, t., Allegliany county, Penn. : occupies the 
land at the confluence of Alleghany r., with the Ohio 
lying N. of Alleghany City. It has considerable manu- 
factures. 

Ketreat, p. o., Franklin co., Virg.: 14S m. "W. S. W. 
Eicbmond. 

Eevelef., p. o., ScoU county, Ark.: 89 m. W. N. W. 
Little Koek. 

Kexborg, v., Essex CO., Virg. : 46. m. N. E. Richmond. 

Eexfop.d Flats, p. o., Saratoga eo., X. Y.: on N. side of 
the Mohawk r., 15 m. N. N. W. Albany. 

Reynale's Basin, p. o., Kiagara county, jV. T. : on the 
.Eric Canal 264 m. W. Albany. 

Reynolds county, Mo. Situate toward the S. E., and 
contains 7Uo sq. m. Drained by Big Black Water r. and 
its branches. Surface rolling: soil fertile, and produces in 
abuntlanoe grain, wheat, fruits, tobacco, Indian corn, and 
poiatnes. This is a splendid mining country, and contiiiiis 
many valuable minerals. It contains also fine timber land. 
Farms 145 ; manuf. — ; dwell. 293, and pop.— wh. 1,S24, fr. 
col. (I, si. 25— total 1,849. Capital: Lesterville. 

I\EYNoLi>8crR(!, p. V., FrankUu co., Ohio: on E. side of 
Big Lick cr., 11 m. E. Columbus. It contains several stores, 
mechanic-shops, etc. The creek affords excellent mill- 
power. Pop. 5(>4. 



Eeynoldstillb, p. v., Tompkins county, iVl 1'.: 169 m. 
W. by S. Albany. 

Kevnoldsvilu:, p. v. Jefferson county, Penn. : 121 m. 
W. N. W. llarrisburg. 

RuEA county, Teim. Situate toward the S. E., and con- 
tains 349 sq. m. Tennessee r. forms ils western boundar}*, 
by branches of which it i8 drained. Surface uiidulaling, in 
parts hilly; soil fertile. Farms 305; manuf. Vi; dwell. 6>>1, 
and pop.— wh. 8,951, fr. eul. 28, al. 436— total 4,415. CajriUd: 
Washington. 

RuRATowN, p. v., Greene co.. Tenii. : about 3 m. N. of 
Nolichuky r., 227 m. E. Nashville. 

Khinebeck, L and p. o.. Duchess county, N. Y. : 50 m. 
S. Albany. Drained by Landtman's cr.. a small stream of 
Hudson r., which runs along its W. border. Surface on the 
W. level, and on the E. rolling; soil very productive. The 
v., about 2 m. from the landing on Lantilnian's cr., has 
3 churclics, an academy, numerous worl;-shops. stores, etc, 
and about 1,'200 inhabitants. Pop. oft. 2.S16. The Hudson 
River R. R. runs on the W. edge of the town. 

EniNEnECK Landing, v., Duchess county, K. Y.: on E. 
bank of Hudson r., and on the line of the Hudson River R.R., 
53 m. from Albany, and 91 m. from New York city. The 
Albany steamboats stop here up and down. The v. contains 
about 50 dwellings. 



THE STATE OF RHODE ISLAND. 

Rhode Tslaxd (or more properly Rhode Island and Prn\ndence Plant-ntions). although the smallest State of the Fnion, 
is considerably larger than many of the sovereignties of Europe, an<l in point nf intelligence and productive powers, far 
In advance of any American commiinily of the same population. It is situated between 41° 22' and 42^ 03' latitudes 
north, and between 71° 06' and 71^ 33' longitudes west from Greenwich, or 5° 24' and 5° 56' east from Washington- 
Massachusetts bounds it on the north and the east, the Atlantic Ocean on the south, and Connecticut on the west. About 
42 miles long, and in its greatest width 35 miles, it contains a land area of 1,860 square miles. 

The surface nf the State is generally hilly and broken, but nowhere does it present any elevation deserving of the name 
of mnuntain. Mount Hope, in Bristol, the highest land in the State, is only 300 feet above the sea level. In the 
neighborliood of Narragansett Bay, and on the islands within it, the land is more level, and at most exhibits but slight 
undulations. The rivers are little more than mill streams, with courses of not more than 50 or CO miles in length, and 
discharging an inconsiderable amount of water ; but as they descend from 200 to 450 feet, and are steady m their supply 
of water, they furnish valuable power, which is extensively applied to manufacturing purposes. The Pawtueket, the 
principal river, rises in Massachusetts, where it has the name of Blackstone River, and running south-east into tlu« State, 
falls into Provi(K'nce River, one mile below the city of Pro^^dence. There are falls of about 50 feet descent fourniih-s from 
its mouth— below the falls it boars the name of the Seekonk River. Providence River is fornfed by the Waruigqniatneket and 
iMoshasuck. two small streams which unite a short distance above the cily of the same name. It falls into the northern 
arm <jf Narragansett Bay, and is navigable to Providence for ships of 900 tons. Pawtuxet River, rising by several 
branches,' an<I flowing east, enters Providence River, five miles below the city. It abounds with falls, which furnish fine 
locations for mills and manufacturing eslablishm'-nl?. Pawcatuck River, formed by Wof>d and CharU-s rivirs. waters the 
soutli-western part of the State, and falls into Stonington harbor — in the latter part of its course it is the boundary between 
this Stale and the State of Connecticut. 

Narragansett Bay, n fine body of water, divides the State into two unequal proportions. It extends more than 80 miles 
inland, and is about 15 miles wide at its southrrn part, but a considerable portion of this ?paee is occupieil Ity islands. It 
communiques with the ocean between Point Judith on the west, and Seaconet Point on tiie east. The north-eastern arm 
of tlie bay is called Mount Hope Bay; the norlh-western arm Greenwich Bay, and the northern arm Pn)vidence Uny. 
The principal rivers falling into it are the Providence and the Taunton, the latter from Massachusetts. It affords great 
advantages to ship navigation, having many excellent harbors, and beinir accessible at all seasons. Newport harbor, in 
the cliannel, between Canonicut and Rhode Island, is one of the finest in the world ; the entrance is protected by Fort 
Walcott, on Goat's Island, and Fort Adams, on Rhode Island — the latter a large stone castle of great strength. 

Rhode Island, lying in Narragansett Bay, gives name to the State. It is 15 miles long, and on an average 3J miles 
wide, containing an area of about 50 square miles. Its climate is delightful, and tlie soil very fertile. Travelers have 
called at the " Eden of America," and goulherns have chosen it as a suinmer residence. Canonicut is a beautiful island 
to the west nf Rhode L^land. It is about seven miles long aud one mile broad. Prudence Island lies to the north-east of 
Canonicut, an<l Block Island about ten miles south-west of Point Judith. The latter is about seven miles long, and about 
four miles broad. The islanders derive their support chiefly from fisliing, but they have also large numbers of cattle and 
eheep, and produce cheese and butter of the finest quality. 

The climate nf the whole State, influenced by the vapors from the Atlantic, is mild, though changeable, and in ila 
gcnt'ral eharacteristics is said to assimilate that of Great Britain. The seasons are more uniform than in the mitre 
northern parts of New England — the winters are sensibly mihler, an»l the heats of summer are much modiflcd. Spring 
commences in March, and summer reigna from June to September. The latter month, and also October, have delightful 
weather. Winter sets in with November, and continues to the middle of March. The air is at all times pure, ami the 
longevity of the inhabitants, as indicated by the census, is a true indication of its ealubrioue qualities. 

The mineral productions of Rhode Island are of little importance. Some irVuore is found in<lifferentp.^rts. Anthracite 
occurs, but iilihniigh it has been pronounced to be of a good quality, littb- has been done to brinj:!: it into use. It is found 
chiefly in the same graywacke formation with the Massachusett's coal. Liraestftne abounds in the north-eastern eectioh 



RHODE ISLAND. 



Prcivklcnce. 12.760 . 
■Washington 2,S91 . 



Pop. 


i It. 


EbIi.I. 


Cn|ijMl8. 


ST,523 . 


. 2,162 . 


.S04. 


. PROVIDF.SOK 


16,4:30 . 


. 1,303 


. 95. 


. Kingsloii 



of the Slate, and in these calcareoua shale. Thi-re are a<ma excellent quarries of marble. Serpentine is alsf) abundant, 
and there are in various piai-ea e.xtensive quarries nt" iroeslotie. On the continental portion of the SUile the soil is 
generally a gravelly loam, which is tolerably lerliie, but dilficull of cultivation. The soil of the islatuls is slaty, yet they 
are the moat productive and valuable lands in the State. There is very little allnvial land. Pine plains are found in 
several low regions, but there arc no extensive forests. Oalc, walmit, and chestnut, are the prevailing gmwths. Fruits 
and euliuary vegetables are produced in great perfection, and in abundance. Grain is grown in coiisideratde quaiililies, 
in reference to the area of the State, but, on the whole, the lauds are better adapted for gra/.ing than for cereal ULrrictdture. 
Rhode Island is divided into five counties, the general statistics of which and the capitals of each in l^.oO were a.s 
follows'; 

C„„„.,„. Dvell. Pop. .^,";X ""ub! C»p.t»l.. " ■■ ' 

Bristol 1,167.. 8.5U.. 200 .. S7 .. Bristol 

Kent 2,625 . . 15,063 . . 633 . . 90 . . E. Greenwich 

Newport .... 2,936 . . 20,001 . . 1,027 . . 63 . . Newport 

The whole number of dwellings in the State was. at the above dale, 22,379; of families, 28,216, and of inhabitants, 
147,514: viz., whites 144,000— males 70.417, and females 73,533; fr. col. 3,544 — males 1,600, and females 1.3S4. Of tlio 
whole population there were, detif attd dumb — wh. 61, fr. eol. 3 — total 64; hlltirl — wh. Gl, fr. col. 3 — total 64 ; iusant: — 
wh. 243. fr. col. 4— total 252 ; and idiotic— \yh. 104, fr. col. S— total 107. The number of free persons born in the United 
States was 124,299, the number of foreign birth 23,111, and of birth unknown 135. The ntitive population originated as 
follows: Me. 763, N. Hamp. 716, Verm. 459, Mass. 11,588, E/iode Isltnid 102,641, Conn. 3,976, N. T. 2,055, N. Jer. 193, 
Penn. 447, Del. 60, Md. 365, Dist. of Cfll. 64, Virg. 191, N. Car. 76, S. C;ir. .57, Ga. 63, Flor. 23, Ala. 13, Miss. 33, La. 21, Tex. 
4, A.Tk. 0, Tenn. 4, Ky. 19, Oh. 93, Mich. 22, Ind. 11, 111. 15, Mo. 13, la. 9, Wise. 6, Calif. 0, Territories 40 ; and Oie/Mvigit 
population was composed of persons from — England 4,490, Ireland 15.944, Scotland 933, Wales 12, Germany 230. France 
80, Spain 14, Portugal 58, Belgium 2, Holland 12, Turkey 1, Italy 25, Austria 1, Switzerland 3, Eussia 1, Denmark 15, Nor- 
way 25, Sweden 17, Prussia 5, Asia 1. Africa 9, British America 1,024, Mexico 7, Cenlral America 4, SQUlh America 4, West 
Indies 67, Sandwich Islands 3, and other countries 52. 

The following table will show the decenuial progress of the population since the first census of tiie State, taken by the 
United States authority : 

CtilnreJ Pi^rsnns. Pereniiial Inrre^i^ie. 



CeneuB Wliite * ' 

Years. I'ersfins. Free. Slave. Ti'lal 

1790 64,689 3,469 952 4,421 

1300 65,437 8,304 831 3.635 

1810 73,314 3,609 108 8.71 

1820 79,413 3,598 43 8.646 

1880 9.3,621 3,.561 17 8.573 

1840 105,587 .3,288 5 8,24:3 

1850 144,000 3.544. — 8,544 



> Total 


y ' ' 




Pop. 


Kuroernal. 


Per tent. 


69,110... 


... — 


— 


69,122... 


12 .. 


.... 0.0 


77,IM1... 


... 7,909 .. 


....11.4 


,33.0.59... 


... 0,023 .. 


7.9 


97,199... 


... 14,140 .. 


....17.0 


103.8.30... 


... 11,631 .. 


....11,9 


147,644... 


... .33,7U .. 


....35.6 



The general statistics of the wealth, productions, manufactures, etc., of the State, according to the census of 1350 and 
other documents referring to the same period, are as follows : 

Occupied Lands, <*?.— Improved lands, 356,437 acres, and unimproved lands, 197.451 acres— valued in the aggregate 
at $17,070,302. The whole number of farms in operation on the 1st .June, 1850, was 5,.3S5. Value of farming implements 
and machinery, $497,201. 

Zu'd'-.S'toc/I-.-Horses, 6,168 ; asses and mules,!; milch cows, 23.693; working oxen, 8,189 ; other cattle, 9,375 : sheep, 
44,296, and swine, 19,609; in all valued at $1,532,637. In 1840 the stock consisted of 8,024 horses and mules, 30,391 neat 
kittle of all kinds, 90,140 sheep, and 80,659 swine. 

Pivdiifts 0/ Animals.— 'Wool, 129,692 pounds; butler, 995,670 pounds; cheese, 316,608 ponnds ; and Ihe T.alue of 
animals slaughtered during the year had been $667,436. The wool returned in 1340 was 133,380 pounds. 

Grain fVo/is.- Wheat, 49 bushels; rye, 26,409 bushels; Indian corn, 639,202 bushels; oat.s, 216,232 bushels: barley, 
13,875 bushels; and buckwheat, 1,246 bushels. Compared with the crops exhibited in the census of 1840, the following 
results are obtained : 

CropH. imo. 18R0. 

Wheat 8,093 bushels 49 bushels 

Ilye 34,521 " 26,409 " 





M 


vement. 




deer. 


8,049 bushf 


Is, or 


93.4 per cent 


df'cr 


8,112 


" 


or 


2:i.5 " 


incr. 


83,704 


" 


or 


19,7 " 


incr. 


4:3,715 


" 


or 


25.5 « 


dfcr. 


47,615 


ti 


or 


71.6 " 


deer. 


1,784 


" 


or 


41.7 " 



Indiancom 460,493 " 689,2II2 " 

0.its 171,517 " 215,2:32 " 

IJarley 66,490 " 1.3,375 " 

Buckwheat 2,979 " 1,245 " 

OHier Food Cropa.—Vma and beans, 6,346 bushels; potatoes— Irish, 051,029 bushels, and sweet, bushels. The potato 
crop of 13:39 amounted to 911,973 bushels. 

MlicfUantom Crops— na.y, 74,818 (in 1340, 63,449) tons ; clover-seed, 1,828 bushels ; other grass seed, 8,703 bushels ; 
hops, 277 pounds; flax, 35 pounds; maple sugar, 23 pomida ; molasses, 4 gallons; beeswax and honey, 6,:347 pounds: 
wine, 1,013 gallons, etc. Value of orchard products, $63,994, and of market-garden products, $93,293. 

JTonif-made Manvfactures were produced in the year to the value of $26,495. The same cla.ss of goods returned in 
Ihe census of 1310 were valued at $61,180. 

ira?t«/uc««rM.— Total capital invested in manufactures, $00.000,000 ; value of all raw material, fuel, etc., consumed in 
the year, $00,000,000 ; monthly cost of labor, $000,1X10— male $000,000, and female $00,000 ; value of products for the year, 
$00,000,000. The number of manufacturing establishments in operation wilhin the Stale on the Isl June, 18.50, was 1,144, 
distributed among the counties as shown in the general table. Of this number 153 were cotton factories, 45 woolen fac- 
tories, 10 tanneries, and 21 engaged in the msnufacturc of iron, namely, 20 in the manufacture of castings and 1 in that 
of wrought iron. The aggregate cSpllal invested in manufactures in 1340 amounted to $10,696,136. 

717 



RHODE ISLAND. 



Tn the cotton manufaclure the capital employed was $6,675,000; the valne of raw material, fuel, etc., consumed, 
iS-iS^.-^TO ; and the iiro<iQel3 for the year, 96.925,612 yards of sheeting, and l,9ii2,9'>0 pounds of thread an'i yarn, valued 
at $6,447,13l>. Cotton consumed, 50,713 bales, and coal, 13,116 tons; hands employed, 10,S75— males 4,959 and feninlea 
5,916 ; entire wages paid per month, $168,938— to males $92,2S2 and to females $76,656. The census of IMO returned 209 
factories and 17 dyeing establishments ; capital, $7,326.000 ; hands, 12,0S6 ; and ralue of annual products. $7,116,792. 

In the tconlfi7i manufacture the capital invested was $1,013,000; value of raw material, fuel. etc.. $1.46-3.9i>0; products 
of the year, 8.612,400 yards of cloth, 46,000 pounds of yarn, etc., valued at $2,3SI,S25. Wool consumed. 4,lM3 370 pounds, 
and coal, 2,032 tons; hands employed, 1,758— males 9S7, and females 771 ; monthly wagps paid, $3-2.1"9— to males $2l)J3I, 
and females $11,708. In 1840 there were in the State 45 .fulling-mills and 41 woolen factories; capital, $685,350; hands, 
961 ; and value of products for the year, $842,172. 

In tanneries the capital invested amoimted to $42,900; value of hides and skins used, $40,615; hands employed, 38 — at 
a monthly cost of $829; skins tanned. 14,s61, and sides of leather tanned, 21,142, logt'ther valued at $75,040. In 1>40 
tliere were in the State 27 tanneries; capital $72,000 ; bauds employed, 89 ; products — 1,534 sides of sole leather and 50.860 
sides of upper leather. 

The iron manufacture is comparatively a small interest on Rhode Island. No manufactures of pig iron are returned in 
the census of 1S50. In the manufacture of castings the capital invesied amounted to $42S.S00; value of all raw materiali 
fuel, etc.. used, $258.267 ; hands employed, 800 — at average wages $29 63 per month ; pig iron used, S,91S tuns, and min- 
eral coal. 4,670 tons; castings made, 8,558 tons, and other products to the value of $119,500; total value of products for the 
year, $728,705. The capital invested in the manufacture of icrowjht iron was $2nS,itO"; pig metal used, 3,000 tons, and 
mineral coal consumed, G.OOO tons ; value of all raw material, fuel, etc., $111,750 ; hands employed, 220, at wages aver- 
aging $26 per month; wrought iron made, 2,650 tons; value of entire annual prnducls, $222,400. In 1S40 there were 
5 furnaces in the State, producing 4,126 tons of cast iron, consuming 227 tons fuel, and employing 39 men. The capital 
invested in the manufacture of iron in that year was $22,250. 

In the manufacture ot malt arid spirituous liquors, the capital invested amounted to $17,000; the number of hands 
employed was 9 ; and the consumjjtion of barley, 12,500 bushels, and of hopg, 6 tons; ale, etc., pnxluced, 3,900 barrels. 
Ill 1S40, 4 distilleries produced 855,000 gallons of spirits, and 3 breweries 819,600 gallons ale, etc. ; hands, 42 ; and capital 
invested, $139,006. 

Among the manufactures of the State others than those specified above, the most important are thoso of hardware, 
machinery, cutlery, etc. There are also considerable investments in the manufeclure of jewelry, hata and caps, saddlery, 
paper, and in the various descriptions of mills. 

Internal Improvements. — Khode Island has several excellent railroads and other improvements. The principal rail- 
roads are those connecting it with Boston and Worcester on the one hand, and with the ports of Long Island Sound and 
New York on the other. The first comprise the Boston and Providence K. R. and the Providence ami Worcester R. R., 
and the latter the Stonington E. R., the Providence, Hartford, and Fishkill R. R,, and the New Tork and Boston R. R., 
the two latter yet incomplete. The Blackstone Canal also extends from Providence to Worcester. The condition of these 
several works is shown in the "Appendix." 

Banks.—\w September, 1S50, there were in the State 63 banking institutions, the assets and liabilities of which at that 
date were as follows: ass^— loans and discounts, $15,492,547; stocks, $151,277; real estate, $283,344; other investments, 
J13.46I: due by other banks, $441,164; notes of other banks, $537,761; and specie, $297,661; and //WAiWiV-s— capital, 
$11,645,492: circulation, $2,555,865; deposits, $1,438,596; due other banks, $650,560 ; and other liabilities, $133,^33. There 
are also savings' institutions, and life, fire, and marine insurance companies in all the large cities. 

Foreign Commerce. —The direct foreign commerce of Rhode Island, once considerable, is now comparatively of small 
amount, and relatively to its population and manufacturing importance, very small indeed. Indirectly, its connection 
with foreign countries is commensurate with its rank as a manufacturing State. It imports and exports chiefly through 
the ports of Massachusetts and New York, to wliich it has easy access by railroads and other means. The value of the 
exports and imports fiir the year ending 30th June, 1850, was, according to the tre.isury report, as follows — exports: do- 
mestic products, in American vessels, $205,969. and in foreign vessels, $330 — total value of domestic exports. $206,299 ; and 
foreign products, $9,966, all in American vessels — total value of all exports, $216,265— and imports : in American vessels, 
$251,708, and in foreign vessels, $6,595— total value of imports, $258,303. The statistica of navigation exhibit the en- 
trances and clearances thus: 



Entered. Cleare.!. Totnl. 



Nntinnality 



orsiitpping. Vessels. Totis. Cjpws, Vesacls. T'lrm. Ur''»Ta, Vessels. [(xis. Crews. 

American" 100 17,847 821 94 16,770 S33 194 S4.617 1,654 

Foreign 19 2,075 118 16 1,705 99 S5 3.7-0 217 



Ve«9fl9. 


T.irm. 


Ur'' »"ra. 


Vessels. 


94.... 


.. .16,770... 


... S33 .. 


... 194 


16 .... 


... 1,705 ... 


... 99.. 


... S5 


HO ... 


...18,475 ... 


... 052 .. 


.. 229 


60 ... 


... 8,457 ... 


... 403 .. 


.. 119 


43. .. 


... 7.26G ... 


. . . 402 . . 


. . 70 


IT ... 


.. 2,752 ... 


.. 127 .. 


. 84 



Total 119 1-0,922 939 110 18,475 932 .... 229 3^,397 1,871 

Providence 69 11.786 540 60 8,457 403.... 119 20.243 943 

Bristol S3 5.534 273 43 7.266 402 ... , 76 12,S00 675 

Ne\\-port 17 2,602 126 17 2,753 127.... 84 5,854 253 

— of this aggregate. Providence entered 69 vessels (11.7S6 tons), Bristol S3 vessels (5.534 tons), and Newport 17 vessels 
(2.602 tonsU and Providence cleared 50 vessels (8,457 tons). Bristol 43 vessels (7.266 tons), and Newport 17 vessels (2,752 
Ions). The total shipping owned In the Slate at the above date was 4ft,489 tons. The amount of registered shipping 
amounted to 26.06S tons, of which 21,497 tons were of permanent register, and 4.571 of temporary register, and of this 
5,s29 tons were employed in the whale fisheries, and the remainder in the foreign trade. The enrolled an>l licensed ship- 
ping amounted to 13,722 tons, ftf which 13,178 tons were employed in coasting. 1.^ tons In the eod flshcrles, and 3S9 tons 
in the niaekorel fisheries, and 432 tons were navigated by steam. The licensed shipping (under 20 tons) amounted to 699 
Ions, of which 860 tons were employed in coasting, and S39 tons in the cod fishery. Ttital registercJ, 26.068 tons ; enrolled 
luid licensed, 13.721 Ions; a?id lieensed, 699— aggregate tonnage, 40,488 tons. Owned in Providence district, 16.712 tons; 
in Bristol, 13,198 tons; and in Newport, 10,578 tons. Fourteen vessels, viz., 5 ships, 5 schooners, 3 sloops, and 1 steamer 
were built in the State during the year, and of these the burden was 3,537 Ions- built at Bristol, 2,191 tons: at Providence 
1,299 tons ; and at Newport, 95 tons. 
713 



RHODE ISLAND. 



The stalistics of Ihe imports and exports of Ehotle Island from 1791-lSlO exhibit the following movements: 



Ye.r. 


Exports. 


]"91 ... 


. . $470,1.31 .... 


1T92 .... 


69S,109.... 


1T93 .... 


616,432.... 


1794.... 


946,699.... 


1795.... 


.. 1,222,917.... 


1796 .... 


.". 1,.5S9,S72.... 


1797.... 


975„630.... 


179S.... 


917,827 .... 


1799.... 


.. 1,065,273.... 


1800 . . . . 


. . 1,322.945 .... 


ISOl .... 


.. 1.SS2.773.... 


1802.... 


.. 2,4;«,3li3.... 


1S03.... 


.. 1,27,%.')9G .... 


1804.... 


.. 1,7W,C7I .... 


ISO.! . . . . 


. . 2,672,(149 .... 


1S06 .... 


.. 2,001,835 


1S07.... 


. . 1,667,564 .... 


ISOS.... 


442,0:34 .... 


1SU9.... 


. . 1,2S4.,»3 .... 


1810 .... 


. 1,331,576.... 



1812.... 


765,1:37.... 


1813 .... 


236,802 .... 


1814.... 


472,434.... 


1815 .... 


601,183.... 


1816 .... 


612,7!I4,... 


1817 .... 


950,467 .... 


1S18.... 


.. 1,027,291 


1S19 .... 


.. l,2S1.4-i4 .... 


1820 .... 


.. 1,072,762.... 


1821 .... 


996, V2S 


1822 .... 


862,363 .... 


182-3 .... 


9:33,114.... 


1824 .... 


872.S99.... 


l^So .... 


678,467 .... 


1826 .... 


781.540.... 


1827 .... 


804.187.... 


1828 .... 


722.166.... 


1829 .... 


SOo.S^l 


1830 .... 


278,960.... 



Year. 


Expnrta. 


Ttupfirts. 


1S81 .... 


. S307.4C5... 


$662,161 


18-32.... 


6:34,469 . . . 


657,969 


18.33 .... 


485,431... 


1,042,986 


1^34 .... 


420,885 . . . 


427,1.24 


18:35.... 


296,003 . . . 


697,713 


1S:!6 .... 


228,420 . . . 


655,199 


18:37 .... 


4>->,258 . . . 


528,610 


18:38 .... 


2!ll.2.">7 ... 


6,56.61-'! 


1889 .... 


185.2.-4 . . . 


612.057 


1840 


206.089 . . . 


274.5:3-4 


1841 .... 


278.468 . . . 


339,.'.93 


18J2 .... 


W8.096 . . . 


323,692 


1843.... 


106.847 . . . 


155,7.5S 


1841 .... 


260.777 . . . 


269,437 


1845 .... 


191.o:!2... 


274,3:30 


1846 .... 


224,364 . . . 


210,489 


1847 .... 


192,:369 . . . 


805.489 


1S48.... 


221.6:31... 


851, .590 


1S49 .... 


178.1.52... 


237.478 


1860.... 


216.265 . . . 


258,303 



Gm'ei-!,mmt..—Vnm the year 1844 the form of government w,-i3 that ordained by the ancient royal charter, which was 
originally one of the most liberal granted to the American colonies. In that year a new conslitiition was formed and 
ratified by the people. 

Every male citizen of the United States, resident in the Slate for the Last past year, and in the t.iwn or city in which ho 
claims to vote, for the six months next |ireceding an election, and owning real estate in such town or eily worth ,i;134 
above all incumbrances, or of the dear yearly vahie of $7, may vote f.r all civil officers, and on aU questions in all legal 
town or ward meetings, or if the estate lie without such town or city, but within the State, he may vote for all general 
ofHcersand members of the General Assembly in the town or city of which he is a resident, etc. No Narragausett Indian 
can vote, etc. The general election is held on the first Wednesday in April aimually. In all elections for Slate officers, a 
majority of roles is necessary to a choice. 

All leyidatiiK power is vested in the General Assembly, which consists of a Senate and Ilouse of Representatives— the 
former consists of senators, one from each town .ir city, and the lieuteiunit-governor. The governor presides therein (and 
in his absence the lieutenant-governor), and has a casting vote only. The house consists of members not to exceed 72 in 
number, elected in ratio of population, but every town is enlitle.l to at least one representative, and not to more than twelve. 
The convention of the two houses is styled the Grand Committee, and is presiilcd over by the president of the Senate. 
There are two sessions of the General Assembly every year, one at Newport, on the lirst Tuesday of Mav, and the other 
at South Kingston, on the last Monday in October, every two years, and the intermediate years alternately at Bristol and 
East Greenwich, and this session adjourns every year to Providence. 

The exectitm authorltij is vested in a governor. If no governor be chosen by the people, the Grand Committee elects 
one of the two popular candidates having the highest number (jf votes, and so in respect of the election of the lieutenant- 
governor. The governor h:is not the usual veto on the acts of Ihe legislature, nor may he grant pard.ms, but except in 
cases of irapeai-hment he has power to grant reprieves. If the office of governor be vacant, the lieutenant-governor, and 
after him the president of the Senate pro tempore^ acts as governor. 
Eeery elector is qiwliji-ed to holil tlw office for which Ite miij he qualified to vnte. 

JiuHclid powers reside in a Supreme Court and Courts of Common I'leas. The Supreme Court consists of a chief 
and three associate judges, who are appointed by the Grand Committee, and hold office until they are removed by a reso- 
lution of two-thir<ls of both houses. On this court alone may chancery powers bo conferred. The Courts of Common 
Pleas, formerly held by a judge of the Supreme Court and two iissoclate justices, elected for each county, are now held by 
a Supreme Court judge sitting alone— the associate jusUees of that court dividing the duty among themselves. 

•VX^fiuaiiciat. slritement of the treasurer, for the year 1849-50, exhibits the receipts into the public treasury at .tl6],M9, 
anil the expenditures at $161,414-exces3 of receipts, $235. The chief sources of income are, the bank t;ix $33,669, the 
Stale lax .{17,1184, public deposits $.34 826, etc. The princip.al expenditures are those' for executive, legislative, and judicial 
8ui)port, and several amounts paid for the support of schools, etc. Properly speaking, Ithode Ishind has no public debt. 

The AY./te militiii, in 1850, consisted of an aggregate of 15,037 men of all arms, of which 71 were commissioned olHcers, 
and 14,966 non-commissioned officers, musicians, artificers, and privates. Of the commissioned officers 6 were general 
officers, 10 g.-neral staff officers, 30 field officers, etc., and 19 comp;niy officers. The governor is ffl- officio commander-in- 
chief, and all persona between IS and 45 years of age, except those excused from militar}- duty by law, are subject to 
enrollment. 

The State, -within its own borders, has no institutions for the support .and education of the de:ir an J dimib. and blind ; but 
an annual appropriation is m:ide for these purposes, amounting to $2,500, which is exi)erided In furnisliing facilities for 
such ainicled persons in the institutions of the adjoining States. Tlie in.sane are provided for in the Butler Hospital for 
the Insane, at Provid.'nce, and the 1st .Ian., 1351, there were in the establishment 113 patients— 50 m:des and 63 females. 
Frderal representation.— In acordance with the law of the 23d May, 1850, apportioning representation, Khode Island 
sends two members to the National Congress. 

Education — The school fund proper, which is invested in bank stock, amounia to $51.-300 : and besides the interest on 
this sum, tlio following are appropriated to the support of common schools : the inten^st of the State's part of the U. 8. 
deposit fund, and the proceeils of the militia comnnitation t:ix collect.'a in the towns. The whole number of school dis- 
tricts in the Stale, in 1850, was 3-32, of which 231 owned school-houses. There had been expended on school-houses, in 
tlie last past six years, $148,254. Number of persons under 16 years of age. 47.857 ; number attending school, 24.442, and 
verage attendance, 13,182. Number of teachers, 509— male 239, and fcnnde 270. Moneys r ■ceii'cd from public funds in 

T19 



RHODE ISLAND. 



1S50, $S4,3+3 71 ; and raiseJ by towns, $50,332 TO— total, $96,918 54. Expended for schools, $95,291 16, and for scliool- 
houses, $19,070 SI. lu June, 1551, the school laws were revised and consolidated, and in many res])ecl3 much improved. 
Academies, granmiar, and other private schools, are numerous. The chief collegiate institution of the State Is Brown 
University (Baptist), at Providence, founded 17M. It is one of the most resiiectiible and flourisliing institutions of the 
State. In 1S50 it had lu professors, 195 students, and 1,765 alumni, of which number 460 were in the ministry. It has 
valuable libraries of 31,000 volumes, a museum, cabinet, philosophical apparatus, etc. It was originally located in Warron, 
but in 17T0 was removed to Providence. The number of adults in the Slate who can not read and write is 3,744. 

Pul/lic Libraries.— 6 social libraries— 25,104 volumes; 1 college— 24,000 volumes ; 2 students'— 7,6ii0 ToluniM ; 2 seien- 
tillc and historical— 3,000 volumes ; 35 public school- 19,637 volumes. Total— 45 libraries, and I9,»41 volumes.— /feport 
of Libr. SinWmonian In^titut^^ 1S51. 

PeHodiciU Prfsa.— The whole number of periodicals published in the State, in 1S50, was 19, of which 8 advocated 
" whig" principles, and 4 those of the democratic party. Seven were neutral in politics, or devoted to literature, religion, 
etc., including these the character of which has not been ascertained. Of the whole number, 5 were issued daily, circu- 
lating at each issue 9,760 copies, or 8,032,260 copies annually; 2 semi-weekly, circulating 2,000 copies, or 208,000 aiinually ; 
12 weekly, eirculaling 14.225 copies, or 739,700 aimually. Total copies at each issue, 25,975, or 3,979,950 copies annually. 
The papers as published in the counties are— Bristol, 2 weekly ; Kent, 1 weekly ; Newport, 2 daily and 3 weekly ; and 
Providence, 3 daily, 2 somi- weekly, and 6 weekly. The dailies are published in the cities ofNewport and Providence. 

lidigiom JJenomiiuitions.—Tbe statistics of the several religious denominations in the State were, for the year 1S50, as 
follows : • 



Deiioniina- No. <if 


Chiircli 


Value of 


Denomina- 


No of 


Chiirrt, 


Talus i.r 


Deniimina- 


Nmor 


Clmrrh 


Vnliip nf 


ti'iiiH. Cliiiri:l<e3. 


Rrcnm. 


Pr.,|itrty. 


tions. 


ChurL-lies. 


aci?iiia. 


I'n.penj. 


tiiins. 


Cliu.cke. 


accciin. 


. Property. 


Baptist 100.. 


40.1.31.. 


$366,300 


Germn Kef. 


— .. 


— . 


$ - 


E. Catholic. 


7 .. 


7,300 . 


$72,500 


Christian... 7.. 


2.600.. 


24.300 


Jewish 


1 .. 


300 . 


1,000 


Swedenb'g . 


2 .. 


825 .. 


4,400 


Congregafl. 21.. 


11.703.. 


178,550 


Lutheran... 


— .. 


— . 


— 


Tunker 


— .. 


— .. 


_ 


Dutch Kef.. — .. 


— .. 


— 


Mennonite. 


— .. 


— . 


_ 


Union 


4 .. 


2,450 .. 


5,000 


Episcopal.. 26.. 


11.606.. 


243.500 


Methodist.. 


23 .. 


9,810 . 


102,900 


Unitarian... 


i .. 


2.950 .. 


127,000 


Free 2.. 


Oil.. 


5,000 


Moravian.. 


— .. 


— . 


— 


Univers-alist 


i .. 


2,230 .. 


55,000 


Friends.... IS.. 


6,.3T0.. 


57,S00 


Prcsbyter'n. 


— .. 


— . 


— 


Minor Sects. 


2 .. 


950 .. 


4,650 



— in all 221 churches, accommodating 98,736 persons, and valued at $1,252,900, The State forms the Protestant Episcopal 
diocese of Rhode Island, and constitutes a portion of the Eoman Catholic diocese of Hartford. 

PrntperiAm and (7/'/m^.— The wliole number of paupers relieved or supported from the public funds for the year ending 
80th June, 1S50, was 2,560, of which 1,115 were native and 1,445 foreign bom ; and the whole number on the rolls at the 
date specified was 6% — 492 natives and *204 foreigners. Total cost of support, $4.5,SS7. The State Prison is located at 
Providence. The whole number of convicts in confinement on the 30th September, 1849, was 2S— 27 males and 1 female ; 
committed during the next year, 23; discharged— by expiration of sentence 3, and by the General Assembly 11 — leaving 
in prison, at the end of the official year, 1S50, 37 prisoners, all males. The convicts are chiefly employed in shoemaking. 
Income of prison, $3,964 56. and expenditure, $9,427 43.- The number of persons in Providence jail, confined at the suit 
of the State, was 66, and are employed principally in the manufacture of cabinet-ware. 

ITiMoHcal Sketch.— V.o^cr Williams was the first while settler within the present limits of Rhode Island. Expelled 
from Massachusetts for maintaining opinions for which the minds of men were not yet prepared, he sought refuge in the 
wilderness, and after habiilng with the Indians for many weeks, he descended the Pawtucket River, an<I turning round 
Fox Point, slaked his thirst at a spring on the bank, and afterward erected his habitation near by. In grateful acknowl- 
edgment of " God's merciful providence to him in his distress," he Called the place Providence. 

He found the land on which ho had seated himself within the territory of the Narragaosett Indians, and in 1636 he pur- 
chased it of iheir chiefs. Many soon settled around him. It was one of the charges against him in Massachusetts that he 
had avowed the doctrine that '' to punish a man for matter of conscience is persecution." In his exile he adhered to that 
doctrine; he welcomed all that came, and the patriarch of the settlement would allow no interference with religions 
opinions. The charter of Maryland was the first to secure liberty of conscience to all Christian sects — the charily of Roger 
"Williams embraced Jews, Mohammedans, and all the heathen. His benevolence was not confined to his civilized breth- 
ren ; he labored to enlighten, improve, and conciliate the savages. He learned their language, traveled among them, 
and gained the entire confidence of the chiefs. lie had oflt-n the happiness, by his influence over them, of sa\ing from 
injury the colony that had proclaimed him an outlaw and <Iriven him into the wilderness. 

In 163S, two years after the expulsion of 'Willianis, "William Coddington and seventeen others, being persecuted for re- 
ligious heresies in Massachusetts, followed him to Providence. By his advice they purchased from the Indians the island 
of Aquetnec, now called Rhode Island, and removed Ihithor. Coddington was chosen their chief magistrate. Pursuing 
the same liberal policy which distinguished the settlers at Providence, numerous emigrants from the neighboring colonies 
were attracted to the settlement. 

When the New England colonies, in 1G43, formed their memorable confederacy, Rhode Island applied to be admitted 
a member. Plymouth asserting that the settlement was within her limits, it was decided by the commissioners that by 
submitting to the jurisdiction of that colony she would be entitled to all the advantages of the Union. These conditions 
were rejected, and Rhode Island continued in separate independence. In this year Williams was sent to England as 
agent for the two settlements, and the next year obtained a patent from the Parliament, by which the towns of Provi- 
dence, Newport, and Portsmouth were incorporated, with the power of governing themselves. In 1647 all the freemen 
met at Portsmouth, enacted a code of laws, and estat)lished a civil government. An Assembly was constituted, to consist 
of six representatives from each town ; and the executive and chief judicial power was vested in a president and four 
assistants. Town courts were estal>lished for small causes, with an appeal to the president and assistants. 

The Executive Committee of Parli.-iment had given Coddington a commission to govern the islands in the bay. This 
interfered with the patent which had been granted to "ft'illiams, and threatened the dismemberment of tho colony. In 
1G51 he and John Clarke were appointed agents, and sent to England to persuade tho committee to revoke the commis- 
sion. In this they succeeded, lhroui:h the influence of Sir Harry "Vane, who had been of great assistance to Williams in 
l(>4o in procuring the charter. Williams returned to Rhode Island, but Clarke remained in London, and long acted as 
the faithflil agent of the colony. 
720 



RHODE ISLAND. 



Upon the application of the inhabitants, the I\in» in 16(13 ^rinl^H ■, „i,.v, - ■ '■ 

and Providence Plantations." It declared that no ^elUn ,h"; nl^ be , J 1 i '"'"VT"^ "" """"' "^ "'''""'''' '"^"<' 
matters of religion. Tor the government of the colony it vcl e« , e ^ or 'me 'n '■ ''"'"T '"' ""'' '""''''■""'■ '" 
governor or deputy gorernor. ten assistant.,, and representativerf^rol, h ' . ^ '" "" -"^'^"'^''i- <" '•""■'i'l of a 

The benevolent policy of Williams secur;dTo,h?c^nm In ,1 m^,'™ '"'"'■"" "" '"• ^•''™™ ''>' ""■ f"''-'"™- 
to reside at Providence ever active in the s ^v e\e,,p r^^, i'"' ^7''''" '""? "'"'""' '"""""" ^ "'■ ^""''■'"^J 

Hepry B^n a Quater, L on,, one livi^":^ Il^e :^h c:,:^;;:;:';^^ "'■ '" "" ^'•^='" *^ ^'^"™'"^ "'■'^"'""^^ 

if they played no distinguished part in the Srama of Tife errroTn ,v T ,"1^' •■"""""■' '" -""'htcc. the inhabitant, 
the population was about IS.OOofand that in 1m" was' • om.o In , , ! '^"'- .''"' ""'' '' ""■"''■" "'^' '" ''■'"' 
vc..d for an expedition into Canada, projecled bv the B:iti;r™v-ern;:,et '"^'-"-""»-" >-<^- "-- "-'^-d men were 

deie:;:rtr!:trt;::^;zs cJ::g::^r^:^:;^X::r ='"f ^'" "■^''"■'"- — .heremony. 

stamps. The subsequent proccMin.. of the^BKti h wer" reslstel vUh n^r' ? """ TT """ °""'"'' ""^ "'« "^ 
vented the exportation of military stores from Engla,rd Eh XlsH IS hr ■ '"k "'' """" ""■ '*""^'' ^"■ 

Assembly passed resolutions for arnting the people, iv tv ac ,on ,, I^n'^ of*^? '"• """"' '"'"•""• ™" "«' 
and from her exposed situation she was made to fed the 1 ate o The co^^'^ T'"""" ""' ™ ""' P-P'"" '"'''. 

Parker, with slrong forces, sailed from New Torlf for i T "'™-'- '" »«-™"'". HTe, Oliuton and 

unable to resist, wUidrew'onth approve" J ttfl^:^ "f -cupying Ithode bland. The American forces, 

privateers, found themselves blocU.Ied i,r.l et Lr of Pr" , ''ce 'r ™ ,1 '^"""""^'' ""'"<ins, and a nu.nber of 
made several unsuccessful adempts to disl dge t ISr" ish a^lTn TT. i^id si . ' r' "'""" ^' ""■ ^'■""■" "'"'" "' "''^' 
the attempt. During the retreat an enga-Toment t k r.h I "t It rf , "''I^'V'"' ''^ to abandon 

ctMr.h..^ tyrn ... , T*„r.... . " -.uuilui kkik pum jt (,Hi:iker IIilI. ihe nail I r>f which w^a i,;.i,.„:„;... r.. 



October, 1T79, the British troops were withdrawn ad in r „ l h p ' 1 "'"'' "' "''"'■'' '>"" ""'o-i^ive. In 
port in a squadron un.ler De Ternav CI nn.r^n ■ , '' '^'■™''''' "'"'"'' '''^'■••'"'I'eau, arrived at New- 

prising the: but the pr„e^ i^':zj:^;2J^'^:i :rr;z^z::';:^r "■"" r"" "" "■'•'■ -' ^'^- 

■lams again resumed their commercial pursuits. "^ ""'^ "'■" ""molested, and the inhab- 

meat : and it was not unlil the .May, 1790, that her acrnfescence wa^ s" , r . 1 '^ ""-"""' "="" '° """'^ """^ '-'™- 

l^iltle is recorded of its history from this neriodi.niH is:iD n ■ .■ 
Of the people were hostile ,o th^ pol^y of the Gener GoLnm n;'l T T™,'"? f"'"' "'"^ ^"=" ^^''"'''' '"^ ■^"J™ty 
States, lending no aid to the national anns De3 s w 47"' o ^h m "' , ," T""" "' '''""" "' ""^ neighboring 
in the report made by that body. With tie excenm, roni o Z.!^ T^^f'^ Convoulion at IIar,f„rd, and n.dtel 

remained unmolested during tlie war ^ oeeupat.on of Block Island by the enemy in isis, this State 

more perfect frame of government, hut without effe t. In thf prin ° on M af at V""'"'"'''" '" '"'•" " ""' ^""' 
wh.ch was to secure the right of suffrage to every adult white ma edtfz.n ,nhe r "f";"!""" '™' '"™">. 'h" '"-jVct of 
m 1S41 this association took the responsibility of call n^ Te nv?;. '^ ^''"''' '°~"''^'''" '" '"<= S'^""; and 

peculiar view.,. Such convention ,^.,s 1 e d, and sn hl„ "Z I'" ?'" ? ^^'■"-™''i'"'!o" '" accordance with their 
n,e inf .rmahty under ,vh,ch it was preparJd only a norfc ,h n , ''"""" '" '"" P'""""' ""' "" "<="■""' "f 
who did vote being in ils favor, a .. ajvfrily wrXeirred .„ f „"^''.P°"P''= ■•''<=''Sni'-e<l or voted on the queslion. Those 
premelawoftheland. The legal gov' n„lrtw"fu!',^'"''"™ «^-^"-l"lgc-d by its partisans .a, the su- 
for-the calling of a convention fo^ a sM ar purZ ' a . hv ,", ."="8"'^"' !'' ™'' '" '"e m-an time had taken measures 
adopted by tw^thirds of the iahalalant™ t1 s^rit? r ,» of .oTr" "", """ '" ™'""""'"" ""^ P'^'P"-' ^^ 
portion, of the people. The Suffrage Parlvwas the nt , ^? ^ "' """' """ ""="^'"^-^ by two different 

■'.>d puldie omeers, and claiming Z-m a. ", m e ^fflcTr Tb >' ""---'-■'-P— l-I "> elect their governor 

prnteetion of an armed force, on the Sd May ™4, O^w't ^ ^"Z'"""" ^"' '"'"""■'" =" ''^^i'l^"-. ">..l..-r the 
mate constitution had not bee^ able !o or"'" ^c and con, „! , ..""f f '"■'"™'- »•" S-vernn,ent under ,l,e legiti- 
on the 4th Mav, 1«42 On the iq.h of "=•"'"'• """ '■''";"-'l"™>ly the old charter government met as usual at Newport, 
attempted to caplurt the State lrl°d C. • "^c" hu "fT l"^" ""n"' '"" '""7"' ''''''•' '" "^ " Suffrage Pai;!: 
parties, the Oener.al Assembly provi"led or ano S c^vL? , '"r ' T "'■"""" '" """•'^"S ""' "i^'"' "f «" 
another attempt was made to'^verthrow bv Ce of arm, ,',"" I T '■'"'^'»'"'™: and about the same time 

dr«nnt governor, took up a position at cler^ache, tVourwh- Tw 'fr'™"'™'- The insurgent, led l,y their ,.i. 

and completely dispersed. The conventionTs^nrovn , r ' ^TT'l '^' "'''■'' "^"^'' ''''""'S""'' ">' '"<■ Stale iroops, 
constitution being submitted to the ZIV votr U w2 l7m « ""■--f -7""™;. »-' '■> September, and on their 
against it, yet subsequently voting undir it unanunously adopted, the "SufTrage Party" protesting 

in:::::t^rr r ::; f r,':"^;^ ':;:^;s^^i: r^ " "r -"" r ""™' '■'°'""""' "^ '-^ ---^ -p-p-'- 

for several years, but was flnallv r deasL he havL ,, "'"'"" '^'t""; "-" '"■"''"■ ?'"""»'»■ Dorr was i,n,.ris„ned 
all good citizens. Hi, namewll gol™ .oZ'LorThe'' ''"'^^"-''"-„ -^ "--'"' ™-n, and the shunned of 
all traitor.,. ^ posterity on the same page as those of Burr and Arnold_a warning to 

Tht"™';rs^;TronheG™r!,TrmMf:r:' "' ^-^^f— ™- - ->- P.."Uoa, capita, c^ the State. 
0" the last Monday of October one? fryearUrsTunKln"^;"^^ f dT" "i" "",""' ''""""'' "'''^"^' ^""^ "«^ '"^^' 
East Greenwich; and this second sessiora^ e;".^\trTo "e ^e "'"'"^-''"'^ ^■"'" """""'^'^ ^' ^™'<" -<i 



721 



RIB 



BTO 



KiBLET^ p. i\, Kicblaud county, OMo: &9 lu. N. N. K. 
Oolumlnis. 

RiOK, U anil pk (V, Callarmt|:iia tvninty. -V. T. : 940 m. 
"W. by S. AU»aHy. l^raiiuM by nrtUients of AlU'ghun>' r., 
tho principal of which l\iriti»h('6 g\Hhl wator-jvowor. Sur- 
fiuH> I'K'vuuM and rvdliug; soil e:t«X'Uoul fv>r rarmiiig. I'op- 
ulati<m d<.)t>. 

KiOKUoRo', p. v.. LiK»rty cnnnty, Git>: 14fi mllos S, K. 
MilUHi^vvillo, ou &. Uuik of 2<»>rlU JJowiH^rt r., whictt is 
navigable tdr sloops to Uii» ^)a«x\ It txmtaius about llkt 
Hihnbii;u\t& 

Ei.'K CiTY» p. Vm Kent couuty, A\ /. ; 2T- m. N. W. by W. 
Newpv'rt. , 

Kick Crkrk» jv o., Oalhwiu <x»., JfuW. .* 85 m. S. S. "W. 
Lansiit^. 

Rick's, sta., M'Minn «>., 7V»ik .* on tho Kusl Tonncsiseo 
and Gts>i^u K K., T in. N. ChnrU«(on. 

KiokV 1.anpiso> IV o., Cirwne ci»., iV««. ; 14*2 m. \Y. by #. 
llarrisburj;. 

KukV Stork, p. o,,Weslmorelaud co., T«v*-' ^ "'• ^^- K- 
Richmond. 

KicKviuLK, p. v., Ilamix'k eouotj-, JMtM. ; 9 in. E. from 
Tearl r^ U>6 nu S. by K, Jaoksv^i. 

KicKviLLK, p. o., Movun'Wih CO., X %^<fi\ : on TV. sido of 
Clay Toiut cr., near ilsjuncti«m wiih Kevisink river. 

KiOKviuLK, p. v., Cniwtlvr\! ».n\, /Vmm.; on E. sido ol'hca<l 
brtutch of OU or., ISl m. N- W. llarrisbvirg. 

KiCEviu-K. \\. o., TiHsyhiUiia county, |7/v. ; 130 milos 
S- W. by W. Eiohmond. 

KicnAKi»s^'«N. p. tv. Vermillion c*x, JIL: on E. bank of 
Utile Vermillion r., 110 m. E, by N. SprinsftlclJ. 

Kicii.vKDS0>s'8fP.<K,Moillgoutery co., 2'mtK: 43 ni. K.W. 
Nashville. 

RicnARi>*os's Cbkkk, p» ow, Union co., JT. Oir. .* 101 m. 
TV. S, W. Kuleigh. 

KtcUAKivsoxYuxB, p. V., Edgcfleld dlst, & t\ip.: 46 m. 
W. Columbia. 

UiciiAKi^YiuA p. T., Culpq^per CO., Virff. : 69 m. 2S. N.'W. 
Ktchmoud. 

KKHAK1118VIU.K. p. T., Jcfiexson county, P^niu : 113 m. 
W. X. W. llarrisbun?. 

RiciiBivEovcH, p. v., Buoka county, Pimn, : 91 miles E. 
Harrisburj. 

KieunVKO, p. a, Alleghany co., X. 1*; *mi E. side of 
branch of Oewajv cr., 3-S m, W. by S. AltKuj)-. 

Euu Ckkek, p. a, Li^gau county, Miy. : 251 miles W. 
Kiohmoud. 

IviCHFiKLP, t and pL o., Gcnwee co., Jtfich, : 5^ m. E. N. E. 
Lansing. Surface rolling: s«.iil dry sauily Kvum. Draincil 
by Flint r., whleli ftirni^hes mill-sile*. IVp. -t^^. 

KienFiKU), t. tmd p. o,. 0^»ei^^ cix, -V 1'. ; 70 m. W. by X. 
Albtiny. Drained by small brandies of I'naviilla r. and 
outlets of CanaJerasra lake, which lies ou its E. Kvvicr. 
Surface elevate*! and uneven ; soi^. san«ly and calcareoits 
loum. The industry of Uie t. is p^nierally tlcvoteti to a^^- 
cullurc, and there am some small manufactures. Fop- 
ttliition 1>>3. 

KicHKiKui, t.and p. t.. Summit co., OMo: 110m. N. E. 
Columbirs. Surface elevated, and mo<leralel.v uuf\-e« ; s-iil 
fertile, and well cuUIvaiiM. Draine\l by creeks of Oiya- 
hojjpi r. The v, contains various mei'hantc slwps and aKuit 
SCM) inhablitiuts. There are other siuall soltlemeuls in llie 
town. Pv.p* of t 1.3<S3. 

KicnKirun. t., Henry co., Ohio: draine«.l by "Beaver cr. of 
tho MaumiH.\ Top. IS^ 

EicnriKLiN p. o., Juniata countj", iViw.; S3 m. N. AV. 
Hitrrisburc. 

KicHviKLD Springs, v. and p. o., Olsec^i 00., iV. I". ; at 
head of Canaderasta lake. &S m. W. l>y N. Albany. The v. 
contains al>out SOO Inhabitants, and here is a celebrated 
sulphur spring. 

RicjiFORp. t and p. t.. Tioga co., X. T: .• 13S m. W. by S. 
Albany. Pralncd by East and West Owego creeks. Sur- 

T2a 



face uneven, with terlile valleys. Tho v. on VInsi Owego 
cr. c^tnlatns about StK> inhnbiianta. Pop. of I. 1.30S. 

UiaiFv>Ki\ I. and |>, <x, Frankliu eo.. IV/'w. ; on tho On« 
ada liUM, 474 m. K. Nbrntpelier. Drained by Mi^isque r. 
and its branches. Surfaei' mountainous ; st>il ndupUHl bi^st 
to jsnizirijc — along the strvnius is si.)mo gvKHl liuid. Topula- 
livm I.O44. 

Kicit FoKK, p. o., Davldflon co., X. Cur, : 90 m.\\. by N. 
Ualeii-U. 

Rich lliix, t. and p. o., Muskingum co.. OMo: 63 »i. K> 
Columbus. Or.iine^l by branches of tho Muskingum r 
Surface \arious; soil lerHle. l>itumtnous eoid and unuu-r- 
pus salt spring are f-nuid in iho vicinity. Pop. ol I. \,4'Xk 

Rion 11 ILL. |K a., Maury v»>., TrttH,: ;ii» m, S. S.W. Na>hvillc- 

IhcuLX-NO w»uuty, Jii, Situate lowarvl the S. E., an4l 
contains S13 sq. m. Drainotl by atlliienls of the W'al>ash. a 
tributary of the Ohio r. Surftico gx'uerally level : soil fiTlilc. 
It has some prairies and some tine timlvr land. Farms 
'^W; manuf.S; dwell- T04, and |H>p.— wh. 4,tHj3, fr. ci>I. 10 
—total 4,013. CUpitai: Olney. J*uUUo Ilw**: Ohio and 
Mississlpj>l R. E.. 

RuuLANp county, OMo^ Situate N. ocntrally. wul con- 
tains 46S 5*1. m. Praineil by Olenlausiy r. and l-ranches of 
Mohiccan cr. Surftice level ; soil ferlile, and well adapted 
to wheat, tt>rn, etc, AgriculUiro is the lea.lini; pursuit. 
Go<.h1 tiuiWr is found on the land. Farms 3.,^33 : uiauuC 
11$; dwell. I>,305, and pop.— wh. 80.SS4, l>. c*^l. 45— tofcj 
S\),S7it, C\t2)ittil : Mansfieh!. /'«;'/*e m>»i\«.- Cincinnati, 
Cleveland, and Cohnubus R. R. : Sandusky, Manstletd, tmd 
Newark R, IL ; lVni\sylvania and Ohio R. R.. etc. 

RicnuANi* dislrici, ^ C*ir. Situate (.vnlrany, and ixmtains 
4Sil sq. in. Prune*! by bnwehes of C*mg:urvo and Wateree 
rivtTs, tho former rumiing along the S. W. Umlcr and the 
latter on the e.istern. Surfuco generally' level; simI fertile, 
and in s«.une j^irts tho land very rich. Chief pnKlucliuns, 
ottou and Indian corn. Farcus 543 ; nutnuf. S7 : dwell. 
1.5:sS ami pop.— wh. (),7tU, ft-, ctd. 501, si. 12.97S— total 
3i'.34S. Cayititl: C*»luniliia. J^tiUic Works: Cotumbiu 
Branch R, R ; Charlotte and South Car\>Iiu;i. C«i\'OuvilU> and 
C^'lumhia IL li. ; Canulen Branch R. R., etc. 

Ru'ni-\Ni> county. HW. SiUiale toward the S. W.. and 
c>mtnins 75ti &i\. m. DraintM by head lu-.uu'lu s of BjiralK-o 
and Pine rivers, racific aud Mill creeks, all allluents of Wis- 
ctmsiu r., whieb forms its southern lH)^ler. Suri'ae« g^"ier- 
ally itf\-el : soil fertilo and adaptihl to grain. It is well wivmI- 
ed. and drntitins somo minerals. Faniw AS; manuf. 4; 
dwi>Jl. 17S, and (wiK- wh. y03, ft-, col. 1 — total 'Jii&. CttpUal: 
Richland City. 

RicuLANP, IX o,. .Tefll'rs«>n co.. Art, : on S. bank of Ar- 
kai>sas r., 46 m. S. E. by S. Little R«>ok. 

Rt. nu^Ni*, p. v., Stewart c*>unty, (iiu: 114 miles S. W. 
Mille-lgevillo. 

Ri. uuvNP. p. v.. Sangamon co.. TIK: on Uw N. sido of 
Pniirio cr.. 10 m. W. K. W. Springltcld. 

RuniuANo. p. v., Rush couuty, Jml.: 4S ra. S. E. by Sw 
Indianaptilis. 

RuHi..\Ni\ p. T.. Keokuk CO.. /»», .* 40 m. S. W. by Ji. 
Iowa City. Top, 389. 

RicnuANn, p. v.. Ilobncs ctnmty, .Vt.ti..* 49 m. N. by E. 
.Tuck»»n. Drained by a crevk of Big Black river. 

Ru:ni..vNi\ t. and p. i\, Kalaiuazi^to county, Mu•^,: 50 m. 
S. W. by W. Lansing. Drained by creeks of Kalama2»o r. 
and Cull lake, on Uie N. E. comer. Surface lewl prairie. 
Pop. 79S, 

RicuLASp, p. T., Grwnc eo., Jfo.: 104 m. S. W. by &. 
Jefferson City. 

EnoLAsn, t, p. v., and cap. Oswego 00., X. Y. : 140 m. 
"W. X. TV. AU»any. I^raine^l by Saluion r. and other small 
streams, flowing into Lake Erie. Surliu*e diversille*! ; St>U 
moist clay Imim. The c*Minly buildings are in ihc v. o( 
Pulaski. The manufactures of the L are c*>nsidcraWe, and 
its tra.ie flourishing. Pop. 4.079. The Watertown aud 
Rome Iv. R. passes through it, 43 m. fK>m Rome. 



wc 

Hi'.Hi.AKi/, Bla-, l/'gan ito., Ohio : on Mad Eitcr an<l Lake 
Erii; I:. I:., 51 Di. N. W. ColcMDijua, 9-3 m. from Sajujtuiky, 
*6 rn, from Daylon. 

IiicHi,*MB, L, Allen CO., Ohio: 78 m. N. W. Coloml.oi!. 
Drainwi by creeliB of Jilancharil'a Kork. giirfacc ilcvaltd 
anrl riMini;; w/il rich and fertile. II occupies tlie N. E. 
corner of llie w>. Pop, 590. 

liiruiLAiff), L, Belmont vi„ Ohio: 12 m. W. WhetlinK, 

IM m. E. ColumbM. DraJmjd by .M'll.ih(/ii'« aud other 

crcctB. It U a One farming t., and cfjniains Ht. ClairBvillc, 

Uie»juntyik.alof Justice. It is croiaed by thu raiJroad from 

» Wheeling weatward. Pop. 4^0. 

KiciiLAKii, u, Clint'in co., 0)i!o: 4S m. S. "W. Colarabni!, 
Drained by KalUeiHiakc, TwJd'n, and olber crc;la. Surface 
undulallnK. and eoil rich and fertile. The Cineinnali and 
Zancaviile K. E. crowici) Im g. part Salem and Claynvillc 
are villaecs on the Waebinglrm and WiJminKloii turnpike. 

Pop, i.nr,. 

Kienr.A.xn, t, Darke CO., Ohio: a» m. W. Colnmbuj. 
Drained by filillwati-r nreek and iU tributaries. Surface 
urjduliuini?; «oll rich and fertile. The iicllefontainc and 
Indiana R. E, crfimca it east and went Pop. 798. 

JiKui.A.-in.L, Defiance CO,, Oht>j: 149 m, N. W. Colunlbiw. 
Drained by Maumcc r„ which runs through It. .Surface 
low and level ; toll fertile. Pop, 7il2, The Wabash and 
Erie Canal, and the Sandunky and Fort Wayne J!. li. paw 
thrfiufh the town. 

P.icHLA.vn. t,, Fairfield co., Ohio : 83 m. E. S. E. Columbuis. 
Drained by liuDh cr. Surface elevated and undulating, and 
soil verj- productive. The Cincinnati, Zancsviilc, and 
Wheeling P.. E. crotacs it in a J}. E. and S. W. direction. 
Pop, 1,777. 

Eicni.Avn, t, ITolmes «>,, Ohio: 53 m. K. E. CoIumbuB. 
Drained by a branch of Killbnek cr. and Walhonding r. 
gorfaco undulaling; soil rich and productive. Pop. 1,^9. 
Eir Hi.A.vD, t., Vlnt/jn CO,, 0/iio : 54 m. 8, S, E. Odumbus. 
Drained by a branch of P.accoon cr., and also a creek of the 
Scioto, The land l» undulating and fertile. Pop, 1,193. 

Ei<ni,A.M), L, Wyandolt co., OhJo : M m. N, W. Coluinbua. 
Drained by crecka of Blanchanl's fork of the Mauniee. 
Surface undulating; uoil rich and ferlile. The Mail Elver 
and Lake Erie E. P.. paaees through it in a N. E. and S. W. 
direction. Pop. 599. 

EicMLAjSD, p. v., Eichland county, OMo: 53 m. N. N. E. 
Colirmbufl. 

Ei'iit.AND, p. v.. Oiks CO., renn. : on branch of Elk r^ a 
tributir>' of the Tennes-cc, .W m. .S. NanUville, 

EicitLA.VD, p. 0., TaitwcU co., Virg. ; 240 m. W. by 8. 
Klchmond. 

EicntAN-D creek, Ark. : rl.«« In the Interior of Xfadiaon 
CO,, flows W., and enters White r, in Washington county. 

Ei/iti,A.vD City, p. v., and cap. Richland co.. Wkc: : on 
Piher., 5.3 m. W. N. W. Madison. 

liiriiE.AKr. Cnoasiiics, p. o., Uavarro c«., Tej-.: IM m. 
N. N. E. Austin City, 

Eiciii,A.vD Cbovf, p. o., Mercer co,, ZU. ,• 113 m. N. K. W. 
Springfl-Id. 

Eiciri.A.vDS, p. o., Onslow county, A'. Car. : 84 m. 8. E. 
Ealeigli. 

Eicm.AN-irrow.v, p, v., Bucka co., Pmn. : 75 m. E, by N. 
Harrist'Urg. 

P.icnuoKn county, Oa. Situate E., and contain* 318 
«|. m. Drained by branches of Savannah river, which runs 
on ILs N. E. border, and of Brier creek, which firrms its 
». W. br>undary. Surface hilly ; w.il fertile, and Is in general 
a line deep mold, well adapted to the growth of wjUnn, 
wheal, and a>m. Of fruit-trees, apple, pear, peach, plum, 
etc,, grow well, and produce largel.v. Pine anrl other tim- 
ber is found on the land. Farms 272; mamif, 56; dwell, 
lA'JS.and imp.— wh. 8.i,'i2, fr, col. 2S2, si, 7,812— tf.tal 16,240, 
Cnpitul: Augmta. PvJilu: Workt : Georgia V.. K. ; Anguata 
and Waynaiboro' E. E., etc. 
Eiciiuoxn countv. A'. }'. Situate S.. and includes Statin 



RIC 



Island. It w.nlalna 63 8<i. rn,, and Is dividwj Intr. 4 town- 
slops, Surfai'c hilly and broken ; soli In general sterile, hot 
there hi much gwd lanil, Chi-f pr.»lucl« wheat and IndUu 
corn. Onthcco,-ietareij.,mcv:dnablefl«heri««. It contains 
some b(;d8 of Iron ore, and other minerals. In the alluvial 
V>n\nm marine f<«ils have teen found. Cnslant c'lm- 
moni/ation Is kej.tupwiUi ^'ew y<ck by st/amlxmU, which 
nin many times daily. Fishing is much puri'u<;/l t,y the in- 
habilnnla. Farms 212; manuf.!J7; dwell. 2 J*i4, and i«p,— 
wh,. 14,474. fr. col. .',i,7-total 1,',,061, Ojjntul: Eichmond. 
l-ul,lu: WorkA : Stat/.n Island E, E„ etc 

Eriimo,iu county, N. Car. gituat/- S,, an/l cmtaln.s«4« 
s<|, m. Drained by branches of Little Pedee river, and 
'/ther small streams. Surfa/c even : tiM generally fertile, 
an.l weJl a.lapl/d t.j the growth of cotton, which is much 
attended to. Staples, ottrjn, Indian com, and tobacco. 
Farms 4il6 ; mariuf, 1 ; dwelt 949, !ind po[.,— wh, 4,S90, fr. 
col, 224, si, 4,riH_l(,tal 9,^18. Capiud: K'^kingham. 

EloiiMoND wraray, Vlrg. BItu.-ite N. ¥,.. and contains 
196 »f(. m. Drained by tribntariee of Eappahannwk river. 
Surface level ; soil fertile. Chief products, wheat and Indian 
corn. Farms 336 ; manuf, 4 ; dwell. SW, an<l j.*.!..— wh. 3,402, 
fr. col. 709, sL 2,277— tolid <i.4-)8. Ca/xt^ll: Warsaw. 

EicnMOND, p. o., Dallas county, Ala.: 65 mUes W. 
Montgomery. 

EifHMO.vn, p, V,, Wayne co„ Tru/. : on E. bank of East 
Fork of Whlt/waU:r r., 69 m. E, Indianapolis, 4 m, frrm 
Ohio Suite line, TJiis very flourishing v, «.ntalus a large 
nambcr of mills and lacU.ries, a brandi of the Stale bank of 
Indiana, and does a large busincils with the fertile agricultural 
district surrounding IL Two newspapers arc published 
weekly, ••Palladium" (whig), ami '• JefferBonian" (dem,). 
Thelndi.ina Central I!,U,, and the Eichmond and Newcastle 
E. E. here connect witli several railroads from Ohio. Pop. 
about 3,(100, 

EioHuo.-ii., p, o., Washington cotinty, ia, ,- 28 m. 8, 8. W, 
Iowa City, 

EuiiMONn, p, V,. and cap, Madison co,. K'y.: on a smaD 
branch of Kentucky r., 45 m. S. Iv. Frankfort. Ct.ntains a 
court-hfiuse and Jail, and al«>ut Luiw inhabitants. The 
'• Whig Chronicle^ is published weekly. 

EienMo.vD. p, v., and cap. Mailison parish, A». ; 129 m. 
N. Baton P.'/oge, on W. side of Eriandaway bay'Kt, at its 
Junction with Brushy ba.vou. It e/niLiin« the court-honse 
and a few dwellings. The "Madison Journal" (neut.) is 
published weekly. 

Eii.HMosn, p. o., M-IIenry county. III. : 201 m. N. N. E. 
Springfield, 1 m, from Wisconsin Stat<; line. 

Eicimoxn. L and p. v., Lincoln co., Mf. : 16 m. 8. by W. 
Ajigusla. Drained by a miU-slream which falls into Ken- 
nebec r. al Mcrrymecting bay. It has some navigation, and 
vessels are built here. The T. is situate in the S. W. part 
of the town, and on the E. line the portkind and Kennebec 
E, E. parses along the river. Pop. of L 2,0.'Xi, 

ElciiMosn, U ami p. o., Berkshire co., ifatt. : 117 m. W. 
Boston. Drainwl by branch of Ilousatonic r. It lies In a 
fertile valley between two hills, and is well cultivated. The 
Western li. E, passi-s through the town. Pop. 1,C49. 

EieuMosn, L and p. o., Macomb e<mnty, Mith. : 89 m. 
E. Lansing. Surface of t. rolling, and heavdy timbered; 
soil fertile, Drainerl by Belle r., by E, Fork of Clinl^in br, 
of E<-d r,, and by head branches of South r,, the two latter 
flowing into Lake St. Clair. Pop, about 1,090, 

EicHMOM», p. V,, Itawamba co,, Minn.: on a creek of 
Tombigl;f;e river, 158 m, N, W, by N, .Jacksfjn, 

Eienncsn, p, v,, and cap, Ray co,, ilo.: on the 8. side 
of Elkhr.rn cr,, 11 1 m, W, N. W, .lelTersfm City. It contains 
a cjurt-house. Jail, and about 500 Inhabitants. 

Eicn>io,--o, t, and p, o,, Clieshire Co., N. Ilamp. : 4B m. 

S. W. Cfincord, Drained by branches of Ashuelot rtver. 

Surface generally level ; soil of average fertility. Pop. 7,123, 

Emmoso, p, v., and cap. Klchmond county, Al Y. : neai 

the centre of Staten Island, 13 m. 8, W. New Tork city 

723 

I 



RIG 



RIC 



This is a pleasant vUlage and contains the court-house, jail, 
2 churohcs, and severdl stores, and about 40 dweUings 

ra,:nMo.D. p. v., Jetrerson co., Oluo : 2 m. W. "h.o r 
117 m. E. X. E. Columbus. The " E. Clipper" (f. soil) is 
published weelily. Pop. aliont 6U0. 

Kic.iMosD, p. v., Northampton co., Peun : on a small 
stream, 2 m. W. of the Delaware, about 3 m. above Bclvidere, 
91 m. E. N. E. Uarrisburg. „ . i, 

KiciiMOND, p. v., Bedford county, Tenn.: 49 m. S. by E. 

llioiiMONi., p. y., and cap. Fort Bend county, Te^. ■ on S. 
banli of Brazos r., 180 m. E. S. E. Austin City. 

l!.ci.MoxD, L and p. o., Chittenden co., Venn.. 20 m. 
W N W. Montpelier. Drained by Onion r., which makes 
ia N border, and Huntingdon r., which passes throuRh it, 
b..th atrordmg water-power. Surface generally uneven 
with fertile flats on the streams. At the cenlre is a church 
having 16 sides, with a neat steeple rUing from the middle, 
and occupied by several denominations. The v. is on the 
B. side of Onion r., and on the N. side the \ ermont Central 
R K. traverses the valley. I'op. of I. 1,403. 

KicimoND, p. city, port of entry, and cap. Hennco county, 
Vira.: and capital of the Slate of Virginia; is situ.-ited on 
Uie N E. bank of James r., at the lower falls at the head of 
Ude water. Lat. (Capitol) 3T0 32' 17" N. ; long, from Green- 
wich 77° iV 2S" W., and from Washington ooo 25 5b W. 
Distance by the most direct It. K. from Washington, 130 m. ; 
&om Baltimore, 16S m.; from Philadelphia, 26b m.; from 
New York, S4i m. ; from Boston, 530 m. ; from P.aleigh, 
174 m. ; from ■Wilmington, 248 m. 

The situation of Biehmond is highly picturesque, the 
city is divided into two unequal pans by a valley, Ihiough 
which passes the Shockoe creek to enter James r. It is 
chiefly built upon the hills and more elevated grounds on 
either side of this depression, which have a beautiful variety 
of surface, and afford in many parts highly picturesque 
situations for dweUings and for public ediflccs. Splendid 
views of the cily and surrounding country are presented 
from different points, each varying the scene. The soil l^ 
red clay. The river flows over a bed of granite, of which 
there are inexhaustible quarries on its banks, extensively 
used for building and other purposes. The cily is regularly 
laid out with streets crossing al right angles. lis entirearoa 
embraces about H sq. m., of wliieh the built portion is about 
8 m. long, and } m. wide. The dwelling houses are gener- 
ally neat and convenient, of brick and wood. Many private 
residences are very elegant and costly. The capitol oe-eupies 
a very commanding situation on an elevated plain called 
Shockoe hUl, in the W. division of the city. It stands in 
Capitol Square, a beautiful public ground contai.img aboii 
8 aero ornamented with trees, grass plats, walks, etc. It 
is a spacious and elegant building, surrounded on 3 sides 
by a loflv and imposing portico, in the Ionic order. It con- 
tains a s'tatue of Washington, the only one ever taken from 
Ufe, executed by Houdon, a celebrated French artist, and 
erected in 17SS ; a bust of Lafayette, etc. The C ity la 1, on 
r,road Street, fronting Capitol Square, is an elegant cdiflee 
of Grecian architecture, with a portico at each end of 4 Doric 
columns. The Governor's House is at the h. end of he 
square. The County Court-house is about 1 m. f'^J'" 
capitol. The State Penitentiary, in the W. suburbs, is 300 Let 
long and 110 broad, in the form of a hollow square, sur- 
rounded by extensive grounds. The Alms-house, a spacious 
building, is in the N. suburbs. The Armory is a large 
edifice .320 feet long by 2So feet wide. The Female Orphan 
Asylum is supported partly by the corporation, and partly 
bv private muniflcence. There are about 25 churches, 
many of which are very handsome ediftces. The Moiiu- 
mciiUil Episcopal church stands upon the site ol the I.u-li- 
nioiul Theatre, which was destroyed by Are, Dec. 261h, ISIl, 
and whereby 66 whit* and 6 colored persons lost their lives. 
The congregation of the African church is one of the largest 
in the tininu. 
734 



The Medical Department of Hampden Sidney College, 
founded 1S3S, in ls50 had 7 profess..rs, 90 students, and 
40 graduates. The Virginia Historical and Philosophical 
Society was founded in 1»31. Bt Vincenfs and IV.chmond 
colleges, near the city, are flourishing academies. In lS>oo 
there were 15 newspapers and periodicals, viz., dailies, 
•• l; Enquirer," "P.. Whig," " Dispatch," " Times and Com- 
piler" "Herald," "Future Age," and " Kepublican ;" 
weeklies, '■Ecligious Herald," "Watchman and Observer; 
monthlies, "Missionary Journal," "The Commissmn,. 
•■Baptist Preacher," "Southern Planter," "Literary Mes- ^ 
seiiger ;" quarterly, " Historical Register." 

The city government is vcsled in the mayor, recorder, 
aldermen, and city council. The city is lighted with gas, 
and generally well paved ; the markets are well supplied. 
The public water-works were commenced in 1^30, and cost 
about $120,000. By two forcing pumps, worked by water- 
power, 800,000 gallons of water in 24 hours are lifled from 
James r. into 3 reservoirs, containing each 1,000,000 gallom, 
thence disiributed over the cily in pipes. 

The principal manufactures are of tobacco, flour, iron, 
cotton and woolens. Water-power of unlimited extent is 
furnished by James r., which within a few miles above the 
city descends SO feet. Of tobacco there are 35 to 40 factories 
and 10 or 12 stemmeries, together employing about 2,o00 
blacks, and manufacturing 12 to 15,000 hhds. annually. 
Besides smaller mills, here are two of the most extensive 
flouring-mills in the world, "Gallcgo" and " Haxall,' each 
running 20 or more pairs of stones, and capable of producing 
8110 to 900 hbls. of flour daily. There are 8 iron roll.ng-m.lls, 
foundries of cannon, etc., and an extensive nail facUiry.on 
BeUe isle, producing 75,UU0 lbs. of nails weekly. Four 
cotton mills work up nearly 3,000,000 lbs. of cotton per 
annum, and a woolen mill 600,000 lbs. of W0..1 annually. 
Besides these, are large machine-shops, a P»P;'-""' ■ f >;; 

There are three banks, w ilh aggregate capital of $2,114,000, 
3 insurance companies, and 8 savings banks. 

Four lines- of railroad here connect, viz., Eichmom , 
Frederick, and Potomac E. K., eommeneiug al Aquia creek 
on the Potomac, 75 m. long;. Kiehmond and leU-rsburg 
1> E ■'a m. long ; the Central E. E. to Covington, and Dan- 
vide E. E. completed to Keeseville, 78 m. The James Eive, 
Canal, completed in 1S.S5 to Lynchburg, 14b m., ">"1 J" 1SS2 
to Balcony Falls, is the principal channel of trade with the 

""t™ following statement exhibits the amount of tonnage, 
and its eslimat'ed value, imp..rlcd mlo Eiehraond on the 
James Elver and Kanawha Can.al, during each of the 
5 years 1818-52, with its freight and tolls: 

Esli>'i.-il«tl 



ye.ir enjing No. 
Oct. 31. Toi 



Fieiglila 
and tollH. 



181R.... 1-25,054... ^,2:W,582 18... $192.750 35 

lb49 140,6.16... 5,4.35,040 66... 247,30108 

1S50 .137,539... 6.123.865 49... 213.74147 

1851 .140,924... 6.133,853 62... 'ISl.SSa 83 

1852.. ..153,377... 7.145.837*3... 220,047 34 



TotaU184S-52)697,W0 $28,069,135 38 $1,060,140 65 

The following table exhibits the amount of tonnage, with 
its value and freightage, imported into Eichmon.l, on the 
Kiehmond and Petersburg E. E., during each of the 5 
years 1843-52. 

year ending .j.(,„„„g,^ Eftimatea value. rreislit- 

IMST... 20.301... $6.'!2,557 99... $18,361 62 

1S49.... 19,539... 695.742 40... 18,159 71 

1850 22 861... 1,377,065 45... 21.560 83 

886,412 40... 18,314 12 

1.262.243 85... 24.7.VJ S9 



IfSl. 
1852. 



19,.'j:53. 
27.932. 



Total (1845-52) 110.166 $4,854,027 09 $101,149 18 

The following table exhibits the amount of tonnage, with 
Its eslimau-d value, and the freiglits and tolls on Ilie same. 



RIC 



RID 



No or 

Tons, 






imported iqip Richmond durijig 1S52, by tile various works 
of internal liiiprovemcut loading into tlie cily : 

Names of rompanie.. "" "' EstimnteJ 

James Eiver, and I 

ICauawlia co. i " 
K., Fredericlcsl>urg. ) 

and Potomac n.K. ) ' 
Kiciimond and Pe- { 

tersbiu-g E. II. ( ■ 
EiclimondandDan- I 

ville P.. U. 1 ■ 

Virginia Central E. E. 



,153,377.. $:,l«,s.'lT 4.3. .$2201947 84 
4,S07.. 255,000 00.. 19,252 03 



Total. 



27.0.32.. 1,2(;2.24S 85. 


. 24,752 89 


63,421.. 967,336 00. 


. 87,919 45 


17.450.. 1,000,000 00. 


. 65.989 20 


50,9*7 $10,000,422 23 


$358,861 41 



The foreign export trade is chiefly in tobacco to all parts 
of Europe, flour and grain occasionally, and in flour to 
Brazil. The import trade direct from Europe, or otliur 
countries, is now inconsiderable, havini; gradually dimin- 
islifd with the increased facilities of New York, by her 
regular packets and steamers to Europe. The channel of 
the r. is winding, which, with the distance from the ocean, 
is a consideralile impediment to navigation. Vessels draw- 
ing mnre than 10 or 11 feet water are prevented from 
coming up to (he oily by the bar, 7 m. below it. and such 
load at Cily Puint, Bermuda Hundred, or Port Wallliall. 
On June 30, 1S50, the total tonnage of R. district was 
S,45S tons. The registered tonnage was 3,161 tons, of which 
1..5SS tons were permanent, and 1,573 tons temporary. The 
enrolled and licensed tonnage was 5,297 tons, consisting of 
4.276 tons permanent, and 1,021 tons temporary, ali of which 
were employed in the coasting trade. During the year 
previous, the number of clearances for fureiga countries 
was 69—24,321 tons; no. of entrances do., 8—1,811 Ions. 
Vessels built during the year, S (1 ship, 7 schooners)— 
1,479 tons. • 

The inspections of tobacco for several years are as follows ; 

Ye^ira. Hii.lg. Yeitra. HIkIs. y^ars. Hli-ls. Vears. HluU 
1S41...1S,267 lS44...19,m I 1S47... 19,993 | 1850. . .17,986 
1^1-2... 23.129 1845... 21.902 1848... 15,733 1?51...15,67S 
1843... 22,829 1846.. .19,572 | 1849 . . . 1S,SU3 | 1852,. .24,119 

In a<ldition to which, from 10 to 16,000 hogsheads lire here 
received from other inspections in the interior. 

The following exhibits the inspections of flour of late 
years : 
Ve^.rs. Rl,l8. I Ye-ira. Bl.ls. Years. Bbh 

1S46 289,000 1S4S 150,000 1S50 336.420 

1547 159,100 I ls49 276,900 l&ol — 

To which should be added 20 to 25 per cent, of inspections 
:it Scotisvilie and Lyncliburir, and brought to the Richmond 
innrket. The Quantity of flour exported to Brazil for the 
year ending Se^jtember 30, 1S4,S, was 74,425 barrels: 1849, 
I'iS.SSO bbls.; isso, 65,2S0 bbls. ; ISol, 9^.245 bbls. ; 1852. 
ri-<.950 bbls. A, considerable quantity of flour, destined for 
South America, is sent coastwise for re-shipraent from New 
V'ork, Baltimore, etc. The amount of other foreign ship- 
ments of flour in 1^1, was 15,646 bbls., and increased in 
1852 to 18,122 barn^Is. 

The coal trndc is considerable, and steadily increasing. 
Tlie best bituminous coal is mined from S to 20 m. above 
the cily. and iron ore abounds in tlie country beyond. Ecg- 
ular lines of steam packets run to Norfolk, Baltimore, and 
New York. 

The population has inereaaed within the last 10 or 15 
yi-ars more rnpidly than at any previous period. Of the 
present population, about two-fifths are blacks. Pop. in ISOO, 
5.537; in 1510. 9,7S5; in 1S20. 12,067; in 1830, 16.060; in 
1840^ 20.153; in 18-50, 27,483. The exceedingly healthy lo- 
cation of the city gives it avery low .annual rate of mortality. 
The cemeCeries are noted for their beauty and their monu- 
ments. 

The siti! of Richmond was first visited by white men in 
1609 ; the t^nvn was foimded in 1742, and made the capital 



of the State in 17.«0. In 17S7 it contained about 800 houses. 
In 1704 the canal around the falls was completed, which has 
added so much to its commercial advantages. In 1811» 
December 26ih, occurred the sad fire by which 72 persons 
tost their lives in the destruction of the Richmnnd Theatre, 
among whom was the then governor of the State. 

Directly opposite to Richmond are its suburbs of Man- 
chester and Sj.ring Hill, which are connected with the city 
by three bridges. • 

Richmond, t, and p. o., "Walworth county, TT7.sc. ; 43 m. 
S. E. by E. Madison. Pop. 756. 

RicimoND Centre, p. o., Ashtabula co., Ohio: IGS m. 
N. K. Columbus. 

Richmond Corner, p. o., Lincoln county, 3te. : 15 m. S. 
Augusta. 

RicmioND Dale, p. o.; Ross co., Ohio : on W. side of 
Salt er., near its junction with Scioto river, 54 m. S.by E. 
Columbus. 

RicuMOSD Factokt, p. v., Richmond CO., Gf. : SI m. 
E. by N. Milledgeville. 

RiciiMOXD Mills, p, o., Ontario co., A'! Y. : 200 m. W. 
Albany. 

IviriiMOND Switch, T. and sfa.. "Washington co,, H.T.: on 
the Stonington R. R., 36 ra. S. S. "W. Providence. 

Richmond Valley, p. o., Richmond county, K. Y. : 142 m. 
S. Albany. 

RicnMONDVTLLE. p. V., Pchnhnrie co., JN'! Y. : on branch 
of Sch'iharie cr.. 44 m. W. Albany. It has several mechanic 
shops, and 20o inhabitants. 

Rich Patch, p. o., Alleghany county, Vi?-g.: 141 m. "W. 
Richmond. 

Rini Squaee, p. o., Northampton count}*, A^. Ca?: : 81 m. 
E. N. E. Raleigh. 

Rich Valley, p. o., Bedford co., Term. : 48 m. S. S. E. 
Nashville. 

Run Valley, p. n., Wythe co., Yirg. : 204 m. "W. by S. 
Richmond. 

RicnviEW, p. 0., "Washington co., III.: 99 m. S. by E. 
Springfield. 

Ricn\TLLE. p. v., St. Lawrence co., Ji. Y. : on E. side of 
Oswpgatchie r., 140 m. N. W. by N. Albany. It contains 
several mechanic shops, stores, ete. Pop. about 200. 

RirnwooD, p. o.. Union co., OJiio ; on N. side of Bogues 
creek, 32 m. N. "W. by N. Columbus. 

Ri<;n WOODS, p. o., Izard co., Ar7.:: 74 ra. N. Little Rock. 

RirinvooDS, p. 0., Delaware county, l7id. : 48 m. N. E. 
Indianapolis. 

RieiiwooDS, p. 0., "Washington co., Mc: 105 m. E. N, E. 
Auffusta. 

EirKOE*s Elpft, p. o., Gads<len co., Floi\: on E. bauk 
of Appalnchicola r., 46 m. W. by S. Tallahassee. 

Rider's Lane, sla., Baltimore co., Md. : on the line of the 
Baltimore and Susquehanna R. R., 10 m. N. Baltimore, 

Ridge, p. o., St. Mary's co., J/'/.; 60 m. S. Annapolis. 

Ridge, p. o., Coshocton county, Ohio: 60 m, E. N. E. 
Columbus. 

RiDOE, p. 0.. Livingston co., A^ Y.: 218 m. "W. Albany. 

Ridge, p. o., Edgefield district, S. Car.: 86 m. "W. S. "W. 
Columbia. 

RiDGEnrr.v, p. v., Fairfield co.. Conn.: 52 m. S."W. by"W. 
Hartford. It contains a church, several mechanic shops? 
and about 2iiO inhabitants. 

RniGEiuip.T, p. v.. Orange countj', A^ K : 96 m. S. S. "W. 
Albany. It contains an academy, several stores, and 200 
inhabitants. 

RiDiiEBUBY, t. and p. o., Bradford co., Penn. : 111 m. N. 
Ilarrihlmrg. Draine<l by Bentley and South creeks, which 
flow into Tioga river. Surface hilly; soil gravelly loam. 

Pr)p. 1.400. ^ 

RipriE Farm, p. o., VcrmilUon county, III. : 110 m. E. 
Springfield. 

Ripgefield, t., Huron co., 07no: 86 m. N. by E. Colum- 
bus. Drained by branches of Huron r. Surface elevated 

11^ 



RIB 



RTN 



and roUinfj ; soil of average fertility, Monroeville, in this t, 
is intersected E. and W. by the Clevdand, Xorwalk, and 
Toledo E. R., and N. and S. by the Mansfltld and Sandusky 
E. E. Pop- 1,944. 

P.iDGEFiELD, t. and p. o., Fairfield county, Conn.: 54 m. 
S. W. by W. Hartford. Drained by Saiigaluck and Kor- 
walk rivers, which afford wat^r-pnvver, and an E. branch 
of Croton r. Surface elevated ; soil a fertile gravelly Inum. 
The v., in the S., is situate on one lortic street, and contains 
several churches, an aca*ieniy, several factories, workslioj.s, 
stores, etc., and about SO dwellings. The view from this I. 
is extensive and beantiful— Long Island Sound, 14 m. dis- 
tant, being seen to advantage. Pop. of i. 2,237. 

EiDGE Grove, p. o., Macon county, ,42a.; 40 miles E. 
Montgomery. 

KiDOE Hall, p. a, Baltimore county, 2fd.: 33 m. N. 
Annapolis. 

EiDGELAND, p. o,, Henry county, O?iio: 107 m. N. "W. 
Columbus. 

EiPGELET, p. o., Madison county, Jli.: CI m. S. by "W. 
Springfteld. 

RiDGELET, p. a, Platte co.. Mo. : on E. side of Platte r., 
150 m. W. N. W. Jefferson Cily. 

EiDGBLY, Macon co., Ala.: 40 ra. E. Montgomery. 

RtDGK Post, p. o., Davidson co., Teini. 

EiDGE pRAiEiE. p. o., Saline co., JTo.: on S. side of Black 
river, 64 m. W. N. W. Jefferson City. 

EiDGE Speisg, p. 0., Pitt county, JV. Car. : 73 miles E. 
Raleigh. 

KiDOEViLLB, p. o., Carroll county, Md. : 45 m. N. N. W. 
Annapolis. 

EiiiGEviLLB, p. T., Warren co.', Ohio : on a branch of the 
Miami r., 66 ro. W. S. W. Columbus. 

PviDOEviLLR, p. o., Cook CO., HL: 176 ra. N. E, Springfield. 

EiPGE\-iLLR, p. v., Hampshire co., Virff.: 151 ul N. W. 
Uy N. Eiehmond. 

EiDGEviLLE, p. o., CoUeton dist., S. Car.: 75 m. S. S. E. 
Columbia. 

Riuoeville, p. v., Randolph county, Jnd. : on N. side of 
MIssisainewa r, 64 m. E. N. E. Indianapolis. 

EroGEViLLE Corners, p. o., Henry county, Ohio: 120 m. 
N. W. by N. Coluralms. 

EiDGEWAT, t. and p. o., Lenawee co., Jifich. : 66 m. S. E. 
by 8. Lansing. Drained by Little Kaisin r. and S. branch 
of Macon r. Pop. <^U. 

RiDGEWAY, p. o., Muskingum county, Ohio: 51 m. E. 
Columbus. 

EiDGEWAT, t and p. o., Orleans co>. JIT. T.: 245 m. W. 
by N. Albany. Driiined by Oak Orchard cr. Surface ele- 
vated, but level ; eoil fertile. There are numerous factories 
and mills in the t, and tlie Erie Canal :ind the Uoclnfst*-r, 
Lockporl, and Niagara Falls B. B. jkiss through its S. part. 
Pop. 4,591. 

EiDGEWAT, p. V. and stii., Warren co., JV. Oir.: 49 m. 
N. N. E. Balt'igh, on Gaston and Baleigh E. E., 53 m. from 
Ealeigh, 29 m. frum Gaston. 

EiDGEWAY, t., p. o.. and cap. Elk county, Penn. : 123 m. 
N. W. Harrisburg. Drained by Clarion r. and its branches. 
Surface uneven; soil of avi-rage fertility. Farming is the 
priuQipal occupation. The v. on Clarion r. is a considerable 
place, and has several manufactures. The "Elk County 
Advocate" is published here. P"p. of t. 800. 

EiDGEWAT, p. V. and sta., Fairfield dist., S. Car.: on the 
Charlotte and South Carolina 11. B., 23 miles N. by E. 
Columbia. 

EiDGEWAT, t. and p. v., Iowa co.. Wise: 30 m. W. by S. 
Madison. Pop. of L 7*)4. 

BinGKWoob, p. 0., Fairfield district, S. Car.: 25 m. N. 
Columbia. 

Eiuon's, p. o., Stephenson co.. III. : on E. side of small 
branch of Pecaionica r, 171 m. N. Spriiigflebi. 

EiEGEi^viLLE, p. o., Bucks CO., J'enii.: S9 m. E. N. E. 
Harrisburg. 
726 



EiENzi, p. v., Tishemingo co.. MUn. : 194 m^. E. by N. 
Jackson. 

EiFLE river, Mich. : rises in S. part of Oscoda co., flows S. 
through Ogemaw co., and S. E. through Arenac co., into 
Saginaw bay. 

BiFLE Point, p. o., Concordia par., La, : 72 m. N. N. W. 
Baton Eouge. 

BioA, t, Monroe co., K. Y.: 212 m. W. by N. Albany. 
Drained by Black creek. Surface undulating; soil fertile. 
The Buffalo and Bochester B. E. passes through it, on which 
is Churchville. Pop. of t 2,15&. 

Btga, t. and p. o., Lenawee co., Mich, : 7S m. S. E. by S. 
Lansing. Bounded on the S. by Ohio State line. The Erie 
and Kalamazoo E. K. passes through the t., having a station 
at Knight'.'', 12 m. from Adrian, 20 m. from Toledo Popu- 
lation of L 20S. 

EiGA, p. o., Lucas county, Ohio: on E. side of OUawa r., 
12-3 m. N. N. W. Columbus. 

Bigg's Cross Eoads, p. o., Williamson co., Term. : 24 m. 
S. Na.shville. 

EiLEY, p. o., Vigo CO., Jnd. :. 64 m. W. S. W. Indianapolis. 

BiLET, p. o., M'Henry county, 111. : 1S9 m. N. N. E. 
Springfield. 

EiLETviLLE, p. v., Wayne county, Penn.: 122 m. N. E. 
Harrisburg. 

Ei.MERSiirEO, p. o., Clarion co., Penn. : 146 m. W. N. W. 
Harrisburg. 

RiNUGE. t. and p. v., Cheshire county, K. Hamp. : 44 m. 
S. W. by S. Concord. Drained by the outlets of a number 
of ponds which flow into Miller's r. of the Connecticut, and 
into the Merrimac r., affording extensive water-power. The 
principal ponds are called Manomonack, Emerson, Pesley, 
Lnng, Grassy, and Kullet. These ponds abound in excel- 
lent flsb, and they were formerly much frequented by the 
Indians for procuring fur, etc. The soO is fertile, the land 
fur the most part inclining to the S. Iron ore is found here, 
83 also a species of paint resembling Spanish brown, and 
nearly equal to it in quality. Eindge, formerly called 
BowLEY Canada, orMoNADNOCK No. 1, was incorporated 
in 176S. when it received its present name. It has some 
light manufactures. The v. is located in S. part of the town. 
Pop. oft 1,274. 

BiNGGOLD county, 7a. Situate S. toward the W., and 
contains 520 sq. m. Drained by head branches of One 
Hundred and Two r., and branch of Elkhorn r. Surface 
generally level ; soil fertile. Set off since 1S50. 

Ringgold, p. o.. Cook county, JU. : 170 m. N. N. E. 
Springfield. 

Ringgold, p. o., Jefferson co., Perm. : 12S m. W. N. W. 
Harrisburg. 

Ringgold, p. o., Morgan county, Ohio: 63 m. E. by S. 
Columbus. 

Ringgold, p. v. and sta., Walker co., Ga.: on Western 
and Atlantic R. R., 116 m. frf>m Atlanta, and 24 m. from 
Cliattanoogii, and 179 m. N. W. Milledgeville, 

Ringgold, p. o., Cherokee co., Ala.: 133 m. N. N. E. 
Montgomery. 

EiNUGOLD, p. o.jWashington co., Md. : 75 m. N.W. by W. 
Annapolis. 

BiNGGOLD, p. c, Bienville parish, La^: 174 m. N. W. 
Batun Rouge. 

RiNGGuLi), p. o., Platte county, Mo.: 157 m. W. N. W. 
Jefferson City. 

BiNGGOLD, p. o., Montgomery county, TJswti. .• 43 m. N.W. 
Nashville. 

BiXGGOLD, p. a, Pittsylvania co., Virg.: 120 ra. W. S.W. 
Eiebmonil. 

BiNGGoi.D, p. o., La Grange county, Ind. : 126 m. N. by E. 
Indianapolis. 

EiNGoia, p. v., ITunterdon co., N. Jer.: at foot of Rock 
Mountain, 15 m. N. N. W. Trenton. It is a small manu- 
faoturing village, cunlaining an academy, several stores, 
etv., and about 250 inhabitants. 



RIN 



RIV 



Rns'GwooD, p. o., M'llenry co., III.: 1S9 in. N. by E. 
BpringfiedldL 

liiNGwooD, p. 0., Halifax county, N. Car.: GG m. N. K. 
lialeigh. 

KiNOSA, p. o., Iroquois co., Hi.: 136 m. N. E.SpringfleM. 

Rio, p. v., Coweta county, Gtt. : 104 m. W. by N. 
Milledgeville. 

Rio Ariba county, JV. J/aj*. ' Situate generally between 
lat. 35° 30' and 37° N., and extending from the Calilornia 
feUile line to Tans and Santa F6 counties on the Rio Grande, 
and conlains an area of 50,000 sq. ni. The only part inha!)- 
ited by civiliztMl man is that boniering on tlio Rio Grande, 
where are several pueblas. The western partis overrun by 
the Naviijos, Pah-Utah, and other Indian tribes, and drained 
by the O'lnrado audits tributaries. Farms IW; nmnuf. — ; 
dwell. 1,084, and pop.— wh. 7:749, fr. col. 2— total 7,T51. 
CopiUd: Cuchillo. 

Rio Grakue, p. o., Gallia county, Ohio: 90 m. S. 9. E. 
Cohimbus. ■ 

Rio Grande river. See New Mexico. 

Rio Grande City, p. v., and cap. Starr county, Tex. : on 
E. bank of Rio Grande, opposite the confluence of Rio San 
Juan, 94 m.W. N.W. Mataraoras, and 270 m. S. W. by S. 
Austin City. Ringgold Barracks, located here, is a United 
States military post. The city is surrounded by a good agri- 
cultural country, and is a flourishing place. Steamboats ply 
here regularly from Matamoras and other places on the 
river. 

Ripley county, Tnd. Situate S. E., and contains 439 
sq. ni. r)raini'd by Graham's and Laughery's creeks, trib- 
ularies of the Ohio r. Surface in general level, but on the 
streams part of the land is hilly; soil fertile. Chief pro- 
ductions, wheat, Indian com, and sugar. It contains some 
faetnries, which have taken advantage of the extensive 
water-power supplied by the streams. The under stratum 
In the uplands consists chiefly of blue limestone. Farms 
1.41)5; uuinuf. 49; dwell. 2.607, and pop.— wh. 14,724, fr. 
col. 90— total 14,S20. Capital : Versailles. PuUic Works : 
Ohio and Mississippi R. R. ; Lawrenceburg and Upper 
Mississippi R. R. 

Ripley county, Mn. Situate S. toward the E., and con- 
tjiijis 1,0S9 sq. m. Drained by Current r. and its branches, 
and by branches of Big Blackwater r. Surface hilly ; soil 
varied. Along the streams the land is fertile and produc- 
tive in corn and tobacco; in the uplands it is well adapted 
t^) grazing. Timber is found in abundance. Farms 25S ; 
nmnuf. 7 ; dwell. 445. and pop.— wh. 2,781, fr. col. 13, si. 66 
—total 2,830. Capital: Doniphan. 

RipLE^vt^- and p. v., Somerset co., 3le. : 49 m. N. N. E. 
Augusta. Drained by Maine stream, emptying into Moose 
pond, which passes through iL It is an excellent farming 
town, raising wheat and other grains in abundance. Pop. 
of t. 041. 

RiPLKY, p. v., and cap, Tippah co., Ml^s. : ITS m. N. N. E. 
Jackson. It contains the court-house, jail, etc. The "li. 
A<lvertiser" (dem.) is published weekly. 

Ripley p. v., Brown co.. Ml.: about 2 m. S. of Crooked 
ereek, a branch of Illinois r., 53 m. W. by N. Sphngflehi. 

Ripi.KY, t. and p. o., Chautauquo county, A\ 1'. ; 312 m. 
"W. by 8. Albany. Drained by Twenty Mile creek, flowing 
into Lake Erie. Surface hilly; soil clay loam, mixed with 
s:uid,and fertile. Its principal settlement is Quiney village, 
through which the Buffalo and State Line R. R. passes. 
Go m. from IJulTido. Pop. 1,732. 

RipLEV. n. v.. Brown co., OMo: on Ohio r., at junction 
of Red Oak creek, about 56 m. above Cincinnati, 90 m. 
ft. by W. Columbus. This is a very flourishing v., ha** a 
number of mills and factories, and 4 churches. Tlie "Rip- 
ley Bee" (whig) is issued weekly. Pop. 1,7S0. 

RipI.EY. p. v., and cap. Laudi-rdale co., Tenn. : S. of 
CaiK- cr., a branch of Big llatchie r., 150 m. W. by Si Nash- 
ville. It contains the county buildings, an academy, and 
about 40t) inhabitants. 



Ripley, v., and cap. Jackson co., Vlrg.: on a creek of 
Ohio r., about 3i» m. E. Mount Pleasant, and 240 m.W. N-AV. 
Rii-hmond. Pop. 223. 

Rii'LEv's, p. 0., Tyler co., Vlrg.: on Middle Island er., 
21'J m. N. W. by W.' Richmond. 

RiPLEVviLLE, p. o., Huron county, Ohio: 75 m. N. by E. 
Columbus. 

RiPToN, t. and p. v., Adilis(m co.. Verm. : 27 ra. S. "W^. 
Mouij>elier. Drained by Middleburg river, which nirords 
waler-power, and along which is some good land. Surface 
mountainous, and much brolten. The village is situated on 
tlie Royalton and Vergennes turnpike. Pop. of t. 507. 

RisDON, p. v., St. Clair co., ///..■ 119 m. S. SpringfleM. 
2 m. E. Kaskaskia river,' on a small creek of same, atfunling 
good water-power. 

liisDoN, p. 0., Seneca county, Ohio: S4 miles N. N. W. 
Columbus. 

Rising Fawn. p. v., Dade co., Ga. : near Georgia State 
line, 191 m. N. W. Milledgeville. 

Rising Sun, p. v., and cap. Ohio co., Iiid. : on Ohio r., 9 m. 
bt-low Aurora, and 87 m. S. E. Indianapolis. It is pleasantly 
located on an elevated bank, surrounded by a fertile coun- 
try, and is a flourishing business place. There are cotton 
antl woolen factbrles doing an extensive business. Since its 
esU'iblishment as the county seat it has improved rapidly. 
It now contains the county buildings, churcjiea, an acad- 
emy, printing offices, a tannery, etc., and a few factories. 
Two newspapers are published weekly, "True Whig," and 
"Rising Sun M'u"ror'" (lit.) 

Risiso Sun, p. o., Cecil co., Md.: a few m. E. Ocalara r., 
53 m. N. N. E. Annapolis, 

Rising Sun, p. v., IMiiladelphia co., Penn. : on the Ger- 
mantown road, 3 m. from Philadelphia, and 93 m. E. by S. 
Harrisbnrg. 

RisLEY county. la. Situate N". centrally, and contains 
570 sq. m. Drained by Boone river, a tributary of Des 
Moines r., and by Skunk r. and branches. Surface undu- 
lating ; soil fertile. Set off since ISoO. 

Ritchie county, Virg. Erecte<l in 1S43 out of Lewis. 
Harrison, and Wood. Situate N. W., and contains 26S 
sq. m. Drained by the two forks of Hugh's river, a tribu- 
tary of the Little Kanawha. Surface hilly and broken ; soil 
moderately fertile, l-'arms 385 ; manuf. 3 ; dwell. 049, and 
pop.— wh. 3,S66. fr. col. 0, si. 16— total 3,902. Capital: 
Ritchie C. H. PuUlc Wovkn : North Western R. R. 

RncuLB, p. v., and cap. Ritchie county, Yirg. : 225 miles 
N. W. by W. Richmond. It cnniaius a court-house, jail, etc. 

RiTcuiEYiLLE, p. V., DLuwiddic county, Virg.: 37 m. S. 
Richmond. 

Rn-rERSVTLi.E, p. o., Leliigh co., Penn.: on N. side of 
Lehigh r., 79 ni. E. N. E. Harrisburg. 

River, p. o., Clariou county, Penn.: 151 m. W. N. W. 
Harrisburg. 

RivERiiEAD, t., v., and sta., Suffolk co., K. Y. : bordering 
on Long Island Sound, 07 miles by railroad E. from New 
York, and 133 8. W. (direct) from Albany. Bounded on 
the S. by Great and Little Peconic baj's and Peeonic river, 
by the latter of which it is drained. Surface in general level, 
but ahout a mile from the Sound, and extending E. and W., 
is a range of low hills; soil sandy loam. The v. is located 
at the head of navigation on Peconic bay, and contains the 
county hall and surrogate's office. It wiis first settled in 
1091', and till' first grist-mill erected in 1095; but it was for 
mon- than ino ye:irs ere it contained over half a dozen 
dwellings. The courts have sat here for more than a cen- 
tury. It now contains numerous substantial and neat 
dwellings, stores, grist and saw mills, a female academy, 
etc. This place is a ('(jusiilerable depot for Wood from the 
adjacent counlrj*. Lighters are employed carrying it to 
James[iort, 5 m. below, from which point it is transferred to 
larger vessels, and carried to different ports. Sulfolk C. U. 
an<l p. o. is located in this v. The sttition is on the Long 
Island R. R. 21 m. W. Grecnport, and 74 E. from New 

727 



mv 



ROB 



York. The"SuffolkGazette''iaaw«iekly(whig)is3ue. Pop. 
of t. 2,540. 

River Hill, p. o., TVhite co., Temi. : 79 m. E. by S. 
Nashville. 

KrvER KoAD FoEKs, p. o., Livingston c<>., N. Y. : 215 m. 
W. Albany. 

River Slde, p. o., Ulster county, 2\^. Y. : 54 m. S. by W. 
Albany, 

KivKE Side, p. o., Cuiuberlan<l co., iV. Car.: 4S m. S. 
Raleigh. 

River Sttx, p. c, Medina co., 0/iio : on E. side of branch 
of Chippewa river, 95 ni. N. E. by N. Columbiia. 

RivERTOwN, p. v., Campbell county. Git. : on E. side of 
ChaUahoochee r., 96 m. W. N. \V. Millciliievniu. 

Rives, p. v., EiehlanJ couniy, Ohio: GO miles N. N. E. 
Columbus. 

RiviisviLLE, p. v., Marion county, Virff. : 205 m. N. W. 
Richmond. 

Rix, p. o., Ionia co., Mich. : S3 m. N.' W. Lansing. 

RixK^-viLLE, p. v., CulpcppiT CO., Vir{/. ; on branch Of 
Rappahannock river, 7^ m. N. N. W. iCiclunoiui. 

Ris's Mills, p. o., Muskingum county, Ohio : 49 m. E. 
Columlms. 

Road Hall, p. o., Lycoming county, P#>*».; 74 ra. N. 
Ilarrisburg. 

RoADSTows, p. v., Cumberland county, A'. J&r. : 60 miles 
8. S. W. Trenton. 

RoADTiLLE, p. v., Charleston dist, S. Car. : 95 m. S. E. 
Columbia. 

Roane county, Tenn. Situate toward the E., and con- 
teins 4G8 sq. m. Tennessee r. passes centrally through it, 
by which and by Clinch r. and tlieir branchts it is drained. 
Surface level ; soil a fine, deep loam, and very fertile, and 
produces wheat, Indian corn, cotton, etc. Farms 842; 
manuf. 21 ; dwell. 1,S12, and pop.— wh. 10,526. fr. col. 115, 
£l. 1,544— total 12.1S5. CV/yi(C«;; Kingston. Public Works: 
Georgia and East Tennessee R. 1'. 

Roan Mountain, p. c, "Carter county, Tenn. : 263 m. E. 
Nashville. 

Roanoke county, Virg, Situate toward S. W., and con- 
tains 822 sq. m. Drained by head branches of Slaimlon 
river. Surface uneven and mountainous; soil fertile, and 
adapted to grazing. Chief jiroducts wheat. Indian corn, and 
tobacco. Farms 405 ; manuf. 5; dwell. 925, and pop. — wh. 
5.813, fr. col. 154, si. 2,510— total S,477. Cupital : Salem. 
P4bbUc Works. : Virginia and Tennessee R. li. 

Roanoke, p. v., Randolph county, Ala.: 7S m. N. E. 
Montgomery, 7 m. W. Georgia Slate line. 

Roanoke, p. v., Genesee co., N. Y. : on Allen's cr.,223 m. 
W. by. N. Albany. It contains a furnace and several mills. 

Roanoke, p. o., Huntingdon co.,/iu1.: on W. bjuk of 
Little r., on the 'Wabaflh and Erie Canal,69 miles N. N. E. 
Indianapolis. 

Roanoke, p. c, Randolph j:o., Mo.: 60 m- N. N. W. 
Jefferson City. 

Roanoke river, Virg. and If. Car.: ia formed by the 
junction of Staunton and Dan rivers, near the S. boundary 
of Virginia, and flows into the head of Albemarle Sound. It 
is navigable to the great falls at Halifax, 75 ra., for vessels 
of 45 ttins. A canal round the falls opens the navigation for 
batteaux, to the junction of Staunton and Dan rivers, both 
of which are navigable some distance for boats of 5 tons. 

Roanoke BRroGE, p. 0., Charlotte co., Virg.: 63 m. 
8. W. by W. Richmond. 

Roan'8 Creek, p. o., Carroll co., 5>?i??. .• 96 ni. W. by S. 
Nashville. 

lioARiNo Creek, p. c, Montour co., Pe7in. : 4G m. N. E. 
Harrisburg. 

Roaring Spring, p. o., Trigg co., Ay. : 192 m. S. W. by W. 
Frankfort 

RoBBiNSTON, t and p. v., Washington co., Me.: 137 m. 
E. N. E. Aug\i9ta. It ia located on the Srhrmdic or St. Croix 
r., opposite St. Andrew's, in New Brunswick. There are 
723 



several ponds in the t, by the oulleta of which it is druined. 
This place has great navigable i)rivilcges, and i|0tt the site 
of considerable ship-building. The manufacture of lumber 
is carried on to a great extent, and forms the chief com- 
modity of trade. The manufacture of woolen goods and 
flour is also carried on. The v. is on the bank of SL Croix 
r., and near ita nioulh. Pop. of t. 1,02S. 

RuBRUsoN's Cross Roads, p. o., Bledsoe co., Tenn. : 
96 m. E. S. E. Nashville. 

Roekrt's Corners^ p. a, Jefferson co., JV. Y.: 145 m. 
N. W. Albany. 

RoBKRisoN county, Teiin. Situate N. toward the W.,aiid 
contains 4Sl sq. m. Drained by aftluents of Sycamore creek 
and Red river. Surl;icc undulating; soil fertile, and very 
productive. Tobacco is tlie staple. Cotton is grown, and 
good crops of wheat and corn arc raised. Farms 1.0G3; 
manuf. 63; dwell. 1.995, and poj).— wh. ll.So4, fr. col. 25, 
si. 4,filG— total 16,145. CapiUU: Springfield. 

RoBBRTiS'.'N cotmty, Tex. Situal*: E. centrally, and con- 
tains 946 sq. m. Drained by Little Brazos river and branches, 
and tributaries <»f Navasota river, which forms its eastern 
bouu^lary. Surface undulating; soil in general fertile, and 
on the streams very rich and highly productive. It yields 
excellent crops ot cotton, corn, and potatoes. It has much 
prairie land covered with weeds, the soil of which, when 
the weeds are burnt off, is, on account of its lightness, 4(pry 
valuable, it being so easy of cultivation and very fertile. It 
has extensive beds of coal and iron ore. Farms IS ; manuf. 
; dwell, 132, and pop.— wh. 670, fr. coL 0, si. 264— total 
934. Capital: Franklin. 

Robertson's Store, p. o., Pittsylvania co., Vii'g. : 113 m. 
W. S. W. Richmond. 

RoBEUTSoNviLLE, p. o., Sullivan CO., 2f. Y. : 65 m. W. by S. 
Albany. 

RoBERTSViLLE, p. V., Beauf irt li^t., S. Car. : on a branch 
of Savannah r., 96 ni. S; by W. Columbia. 

RoHEKTSviLLE, p. V., Audcrson CO., Tenn.: 156 m. E. 
Nashville. 

RoBKsoN county, N". Car. Situate S. toward the "W., and 
contains &9l) sQ. in. Drained by Lumber river, and head 
branches of Little Pedee river. Surface raoderaleiy level ; 
soil fertile, and favors the growth of cotton. Much of the 
land is well adapted to grain and grazing. Chief produe- 
tion^colton and Indian corn. Farms 1,U2 ; m.anuf. 10; 
dwell. 1.518, ami pf>p.— wh. 7,2y0, ft*, col. 1,171, &l. 4,365— 
total 12,S2C. Copital: Lumbcrton. 

Robeson, p. o., Brunswick co., K Car. : 109 m. S. by E. 
Raleigh. 

R01JF.8ON, t and p. 0., Berks county, Penn.: 51 m. E. 
narrist)urg. The Schuylkill river bounds it on the N. E. 
Drained by Alleghany and Hay creeks of the Schuylkill. 
Surface uneven, in parts hilly ; soil gravelljjnnd sterile. 
Iron deposits are in the vicinity, and a Airge wldi-h, inlS50, 
produced 600 tons blooms. The t coulains several flouring, 
grist, antl saw mills, stores, etc 

Robina, ]). v., Panola ca, J/m«. ; 132 m. N. Jackson. 
Drained by a creek of Tocanapatafa river. 

Robin's FERitv, v. and sta., Merrimac co., A^ Ilamp.: 
on the right bank of the Merrimac r., and on the Con- 
cord and Nashua Railroad, 30 m. N. Nashua, and 5 in. S. 
Conci'rd. 

Robin's Nest, p. 0., Peoria co.. III. : on small branch of 
Kickapirf) cr., G'J in. N. Springfield. Jubilee College, located 
here, is an Episcopal seminary. 

Robinson Cheek, p. o.,, Pike eo., Ky. : 149 m. E. S. E. 
FrankforL 

Robinson C. H.. p. v. and cap. Crawford co., 77/. .* 121 m. 
E. S. E. Springfield. It is located 8 miles W. of the 
Wabash, and contains the county buildings, etc. 

Robinsons, p. o.. Darke co., Ohio: on N. side of Green- 
ville cr., 79 m. W. by N. Columbus. 

R<ibin8on'8 Cross Roahs, p. 0., Benton co., ^ri*. ; 144 m. 
N. ^y. LitUo Rock. 



ROB 



ROC 



EoBiNsoN's Mats, p. o., MeoarJ co., III. : 27 m. N. W. 
Springfield. 
Eobisson'8 SpEixo.p. a, Aulauga co., Ala. 
EoBixsos's Stoee, p. o., Lincoln co., TeiM. : 60 m. 8. by E. 
Nashville. 

EoBio'8, sta., CUesterlicld CO., Virg. : on the Richmond 
and Danville R. E., 10 m. S. W. Eichmond. 

EoBKONviLLE, p. o., Bedford co., Penn. : 79 m. W. byS. 
Harrisburg, 

EoB EoY. p. v., Fountain co., Ind. : on Big Shawnee cr., 
63 m. N. W. by W. Indianapolis. 'Pleasanlly situated, and 
has valuable water-power. 

Bob Eoy, p. o., .J(.ffersonco,,^)*. .• on N. bank of Arkan- 
sas r., at nioulh of Plum bayou, .16 in. S. E. by S. Little Eock. 
EoBv'.s CouNER, V. and sta., Mcrrimac Co., Jf. I/,imp. : on 
the Concord and Claremout E. E., 4 n). E. Bradford and 
22 m. W. Concord. 

EocnEioRT, p. v., Boone CO.," Mo. : on N. bagk of Mis- 
souri r, 86 m. M. W. by N. Jefferson City. 

EocuE Poet river, Jfo.: ris.-s in S. E. part of Randolph 
CO., and flows S. through Boone Co. into Mis.-ouri river. 

EOCUHSTEK, p. v., Sangamon Co., fll. ; on W. bunk of 
Sangamon r., on line of llie Great Western Central R. l;., 
• near Uie junction of the N. and S. forks, 8 m. E. N. E.' 
Springfield. 

PuiciiESTER, p. v.. and cap. Fulton co., /nii. ; on S. bank 
of Mill cr., a tributary of Tippecanoe r., ,s9 m. N. IndiaiPI 
apolis. Contains ihe co. buildings, which are neat struc- 
tures. Mill.cr. aflTords valuable water-power. P(.p. 1,401. 
EocHESTEE, p. o., Butftr county, A'l/.: 117 m. S. W 
Frankfort. 

Eocni-STEn, t and p. v., Plymouth county, J/asa.: on the 
N. W. side of Buzzard-s bay, 44 miles S. by E. Bo.slon. 
Drained by Mattapoisett, Sipican, and Weweanlio rivers, 
the two former rising in ponds in the t, empty into the bay! 
and form excellent harbors. Surface varied ; some parts 
are rocky and unfit for cultivation, while other parts are 
clear, wilh excellent soil. The streams afl-ord extensive 
water-power. The manufactures consist in ship-buildinsr. 
sail, bar iron, leather, etc. A number of vessels are owned' 
here and employed in the coasting and fl.sliing trade. The 
whale fishery is carried on to a considerable extent, and the 
largest sized ships are engaged in Ihe trade, brintring large 
quantities of oil annu.-dly. The principal village in the t. is 
called Mattapoisett, at the head of llie barb..r so called. 
Eochester v. is located centrally, equiilistant between We- 
weantic and ^^allapoisetl rivers. Pop. of t. 3.S0S. 

EocnESTEB, p. v.. Oakland county, MM,, : on N. bank of 
Clinton r., at junction of Painter., 50 m. E. by i S. Lansintr. 
Water-power is aflbrded by both streams, and improved by 
a few mills, etc. 

EoCHESTEE, p. v., Andrcw CO., Mo. : on E. bank of Platte 
river, 16.5 m. N. W. by W. -Tefferson C^ity. 

EocitESTKE, t.. p. v., and one of the caps. ,';iran-.,rd county, 
JV' //inn;,. : on Salmon r., which bounds it on tlie E "C m 
E. Concord. Drained by Cncheco r., running llirough, a.id 
Isinglass river crossing its S. part, afl-ording excellent mill 
privileges. Surface uneven, with many swells, the princi- 
pal of which is Sqn.-imar.agaunich hill ; soil deep, rich and 
well cnltivab-.|. It contains a number of valiuable farms 
chieBy located on the hill. In Ihe W. part of the t. oak of a' 
hard and stony character is found in abundance. Sc'veral 
villages are in the town, the most noted for its trade being 
A^onoa,/ rim,,., ihe principal thoroughfare from the upper 
towns in the cunlies of Dover and Plymouth. About 2 m. 
S. W. is an.illier v., called S<iii(imnm,(,m,nid, on tlie'co^ 
checo r.. uanie.l after the falls at that place, and is also a 
point of considerable trade. This town was inrorporated in 
1772, and the first permanent settlement made in I72S. 
Until I7C.0 it was n frontier town, and is a place of historical 
note. The manufactures of Rochester consist in wool.n 
goods, leatlnr. fiour, lumber, oil, etc. The v. is connected 
With Dover and Alton bay by the Cocheco E. E., 10 m. from 



1 be lifmer and 18 m. from the latter place, and also with 
J\ illon and (ireal Falls by the Great Falls and Conway 
J.. 1... 6 m. N. Oreat Falls, and 5 m. S. fr..ln Wilton. In 
both an agricultural and raannlacturing point this is a 
nourishing lilace. It contains a number of manulactories, a 
bank, etc. Pop. of i. 8,il(i6. 

Roi-ui-sTEE, p. 0., .Jackson par., La.: 14S m. N. W bv N^ 
Baton Rouge. 

EoiiiESTEE, p. city, port of entry, and cap. Monroe counly 
JV. Y. : is situated on both sides of Genesee r., 7 m. S. from' 
lis entrance into Lake Ontario ; by railroad 252 ro. W <.f 
Albany, and 6S m. E. by N. from Biilfalo. Lai (Eoehesier 
House) 480 CIS' 17" N. ; long. 77= 51' W. from Green»i,h. 
The city is laid out wilh general regularily, having wide 
and handsome streets, many of which are lined -with shade 
trees. Its site is somewhat uneven in surface. It rests upon 
a bed of linieslone. but a few feet below llie surface, and 
greatly used for building and other purposes. In summer 
at low water in the r., its bed of this limestone is ex]>o3edi 
exhibiting for a long dislancc a solid base of rock. The 
area occupied by dwellings is very large for the population, 
Ihe houses for the most part being sejiarate dwellings. Tile 
E. and W. parls of the city are connected by o'bridires. 
The principal street, called Main Street, on'tlie E. side, and 
•fntTMn Street, on the W. side, is a very long, broad, and 
■"dsorne avenue, passing over llie central bridge, and 
d wilh the principal stores, hotels, etc. The blocks of 
stores, and houses generally, are noted for their neat 
appearance. Brick and stone are the principal building 
materials wilhin the limits of tlie fire dislricUs. Several 
large parks are reserved as public grounds, of which llie 
principal is W.ashington Square. The Curt-house, ..n Buf- 
falo street, is a large and elegant structure, wilh band- 
some granite portico, containing the c<iunly and city offices. 
Tlie Arcade is a handsome marble building, miilai'ning the 
post-offlce, and is a hall of great resort,\vilh numerous 
busin,..s3 ofHee-S, etc. The Western House of Refuge for 
juvenile delinquents, a State institution, is a very extensive 
eslablishment, about 1} m. N. of the cenlre of Ihe citv, con- 
taining from 200 to 300 lads, confined for reformation. Tl-.e 
building is a very large edifice of brick, Jiresenting an im- 
posing appearance, and is surrounded bv work grounds and 
farm of several acres. The hotels of the city an- .Generally 
very Large and handsome buildings. The public schools 
have fine buildings and are well condncteri. Private schools 
are numerous, and there are several female aca.lemies 
The University of Eochester. establLshcd in IS.'iil. has S pro- 
fessors, 109 studenis, and 3,000 volumes in library. The 
Eochester Theological Seminary (Raptist), also esti'iblished 
here lu 1850, had, in 1851-52, 2 professors, 29 studenis, and 
3,000 volumes in library. The Alhemcum, a popular insti- 
tution, has a good library of 5.000 volumes, and annual 
courses of lectures. The periodical jircss, in ISoll. consislfd 
of 19 regular issues, viz., 3 dailies, "R. Democrat" twbia), 
"Advertiser" (dera.), "American" (whig), each of which 
also published tri-wcekly and weekly editions; weeklies, 
"Rural New Yorker" (agric). "Star of Temperance"' 
"North Star" (ami-sla.), "Genesee Evangelist" (l>reab') 
"Christian Guar,iian" (Univers.), "Advent Harbinger" 
(Sec. Adv.); scmi-monlhlies, "Christian SenlincI" (Uni, 
vers), "Flag of Freedom;" moiilhlies, "Gencsi-e Farmer" 
(agric.) and " Eclectic .lournal" (med.) There are about 80. 
churches, some of which are fine slniclurcs, ami 2 lan'e 
orphan asylums. The city government is vested in\ 
mayor, recorder, and common council, all of whom are 
elected aiiniially. The common schools are governed bv a 
board of educalion, composed of two members from each 
ward. The cily is divided into 9 wards, is gom-rally well 
paved and proviiled with sewerase, and is lighted by c.is 
Water is abiin<lant from wells. The prin.-ipal city market 
is a c.mmodious structure, on the W. bank of the r. The 
city almsliouse is in IheS. subnrlis. 
I The rapid growth and prosperity of Ihe cily have resulted 



ROb 

from the nalural advanlagea of great water-power here 
afforded by the Genesee river. Wiihin the city limits the r. 
has a tola! descent of 26S feet, in which are 3 successive per- 
pendicular falls of 96, 20, and 1(16 feet, and 2 rapids. The 
flrsi great falls of 96 feet are a little N. of the centre of the 
city, and before they were disfigured by the construction of 
walls in the centre of the stream above for mechanical pur- 
poses, they afforded at high water a very grand appearance. 
From a projecting point in its centre the notorious Sam 
Patch made his last and fatal leap. Below the first cataract 
the r. flows broad and deep for H tn. to the second, where 
it has a perpendicular fall of 20 feet, anrl thence pursues a 
noisy and rapid course for about 25 rods to the third and 
last fall, by which it descends 105 feet Through the entire 
distance from the upper to the lower fall it flows through a 
narrow ravine, over 100 feet deep. The depression of the 
stream commences considerably above the first falls, and in 
J m. has a fall of 12 feet, easUy used for manufacturing pur- 
poses. On each side of the r. canals have been extensively 
constructed for the mills. Another power of considerable 
amount is created by the feeder for the Eric Canal, which 
comes from the r. nearly 2 m. above. 

The immense water-power thus afforded is used by va- 
rious mills and factories, but chiefly by flouring-mills, whic: 
ore the principal business establishments of the city. 
1S50 there were 22 mills, with 100 runs of stone, nearly 
of which were employed on flour. An approximate esti- 
mate of the amount of flour manufactured annually is 
600,000 barrels, or 3,000,000 bushels. Of this amount, about 
1,640.464 bushels are left here by canal and railroad, leaving 
1,369,546 bushels to be made up by receipts from wagons, 
and this is about equal to the product of the county. The 
foUowing table exhibits the amount left here by the Krie 
and Genesee Valley Canals for a settles of years : 

Y<»Rrs Euptiels. Years. Busliels, Ye.irs. Biisliela. 

1844.... 884,141 1S47 .... 1,7-8.116 1S60 .... 1,21.5,759 

1M5 .... 1,169.281 1848 .... 1,41:3,1S.3 1851 .... 1,465,4.54 

1346 .... 1,503,546 1849 .... 1,436.436 1852 .... 1,438,301 

The quantities of flour shipped for the same series of years 
are as follows : 

years. Bbls. Tears. Bbts. Yenrs. Bbts. 

1S44, 400,388 1847 631.574 1860 652,729 

1S45 618,313 1848 6^4,420 1851 500,3:BO 

1846 !.... 540,232 1S49 670,757 lSu2 588,680 

To the amount shipped should be added the amount con- 
sumed by 40.000 inhabitants, and the large population of the 
suburbs and vioinily. 

Other manufactures are extensively prosecuted. There 
are several iron furnaces, casting princijially stoves, agricul- 
tural implements, etc. ; and numerous large machinery 
works. The edge tool factory of Barton* Co. employs about 
two, hundred men ; and the scale factory of Duryeo & Co. 
is also very large. A large stone cotton factory, 6 stories 
high, when in full operation, employs two hundred persons. 
There are several woolen factories, fulling-mills, large boat- 
yards, breweries, tanneries, last factories, large factories of 
cabinet furniture, etc. There arc 5 banks, with aggregate 
capital of *830,000, 2 savings banks, aud several insurance 
companies. 

Rochester enjoys good facdities for transportation of its 
importslind exports. The Erie Canal, giving k connection 
with the E. and W., Mre crosses the Genesee r. by a splen- 
did aqueduct. 304 feet long, resting upon 11 arches, creeled 
at a cost of $30,000. The Genesee Valley Canal, completed 
to Dansville, 52 m., affords access to the interior. Though 
the r. is boalable above the city to Mount Morris, 45 m., it is 
liUle used for that purpose. The total value of properly left 
at R. bv both canals, during 1852, was »5.236,994; value of 
amount cleared, do., $4,304,762. The lines of railroads here 
centering are, Rochester and Syracuse R. R.. 104 m.: Ro- 
chester aud Syracuse direct R. R., along the line of the 
canal ; Buffalo and Rochester R. R., 03 m. : and Rochester, 
780 



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Lockporl, and Niagara Fafls R. E., 76 m. The Genesee 
Valley U. R. is in construction. 

Rochester is the port of entry for Genesee collection dis- 
trict. The river is navigable Cor st^'amboats, etc., fi-ora Lake 
Ontario to the landing, 2i miles below the cent«'r of the city. 
A line of steamboats from Oswego to Lewislon arrive and 
depart daily, and a line from Canada tri-wcekly. The total 
tonnage of Genesee district, on June 301h, 1850, was 1,037 
tons, aU of which was "enrolled and licensed," permanent, 
and employed in the coasting trade. During the year pre- 
ceding, the number of clearances for foreign countries was 
216 — 40,077 tons ; number of entrances, do., the shine statis- 
tics. Vessels built during the year, 1 schooner— 58 tons. 

Population— in 1812,15; in 1815,831; in 1820, 1,.500 ; in 
1S25, 4,274 ; in 1S;30, 10,863 ; in 1885, 17,160 ; in 1840, 20,191 ; 
in 1845, 25,265 ; in 1850, 36,661. The E. side of the river 
has of late increased its population in greater ratio than 
the W. side. E. was laid out in 1812, incorporated as a v. 
in 1817, and as a city in 1834. In 1812 it contained only 3 
wooden frame buildings. It has frequently suffered heavy 
losses by fire, but has overcome these reverses. The agri- 
cultural district surrounding it is among the most fertile iu 
the Union, and has contributed greatly to its prosperity. 
The health of the city is affected by the proximity of tho 
lake, and sudden changes of the weather, high westerly 
winds, etc. ; but is generally good. Ml. Hope Cemetery, in 
1?S. sul.iurbs, is an extensive inclosure of the most beauti- 
ful groun.ls, improved by art, splendid monuments, etc. 

Rochester, t. and sta., Lorain county, Ohio : 84 ra. N. E. 
Columbus. Drained by W. branch of Black river. The 
Cleveland, Columbus, and Cmcinnati R. It. passes through 
the t., 41 m. S. W. from Cleveland, and 214 m. N. E. from 
Cincinnati. Pop. 896. 

EociiKSTER, p. v., Warren CO., Oldo: on E. side of Little 
Miami r., 69 m. 8. W. Columbus. 

Rochester, t. and p. v., Windsor county, Ven/i.: 30 m- 
S. by W. Montpclier. Drained by White r. and branches, 
from which is derived excellent mill-power. Surface 
mountainous, and in parts much broken; soil good for 
grazing, and some excellent tracts of meadow land. The v. 
has a pleasant location on the left bank oC White r., and 
commands considerable trade. The manufactures consist 
of leather, flour, lumber, etc. Pop. of 1. 1.493. 

Rochester, p. v., Racine co., Wiic : on N. side of branch 
of Fox r., 61 m. E. S. E. Madison. Pop. 1,672. 

Rochester, p. v., Beaver county, Pfnn. : on E. bank of 
Beaver r., at its junction with the Ohio r. and on the line of 
the Ohio and Pennsylvania E. R.. 25 m. N. W. PitL«burg, 
166 m. W. by N. Harrisburg. Coal and iron are abundant in 
the vicinity. 

Rochester Miels, p. v., Wabash co., nt. : on right bank 
of Wabash r., about 2 m. above Coffee Island Eapids, and 
137 m. S. E. Springfield. 

Rock county, irisc. Situate S., and contains 720 sq. m. 
Rock r. passes centrally through it, by which ami its branch- 
es it is drained. Surface level ; soil fertile. Agriculture is 
the leading pursuit. Farms 1.965 ; manuf 125 ; dwell. 8,018, 
and pop.— wh. 20.680, fr. col. 22— total 20,708. CupiUil: 
.lancsville. Pulitie iro/*s; Milwaukie and Mississippi 
Railroad, Beloit and Madison E. K., etc. 

Rock. p. 0. and sta.. Plymouth Co., ,)/ns«. .■ on Cape Cod 
Branch of Fall River E. E., 5 m. S. Middleboro' and 37J m. 
S. by E. Boston. 

EocK, p. o., Lancaster county, Penn. : 80 m. E. by S. 
Harrisburg. 

EocK river. Wise, and /;/. This river h.as its principal 
source in a region of lakes and swamps in the vicinity of 
Fox r. of Green bay ; flowing south for some distance, it 
takes a south-westerly direction till it enters the Mississippi 
about 3 m. below Rock Island. After traversing some dis- 
tance in Wisconsin it Is joined by the Catfish, a sm.aU 
stream rising in Dane county, and connecting together tho 
'■ Four Lakes," the head waters of which have their com- 



ROC 



ROC 



mencement in a swamp a few miles soulh of Fort AVin- 
nebago. It then conlinuea its course S., entering Illinois, 
where it receives several tributaries, the principal of which 
are the Grtcn, Turlle, Pecatonica, Sycamore, and Kyte 
rivers. The navigalion is seriously obstnicted by what are 
denominated the Upper and Lower Rapids. The latter at 
VandrufT's Island, about 3 m. above its mouth, are caused 
by a formation of calcareous rock three- fourths of a mile iu 
extent, and completely crossing the slreain. which is here 
divided by the island into two channels. Between Ibis point 
and Prophetstown, a distance of about 52 m., is free from 
any obstruction, having a good channel, varying in width 
from son to l,00n feet, in which there is never less than 4 
feet water. The total fall for this distance is '2S S-10 feet, 
and the velocity of the current about 3 m. per hour. Op- 
posite Prophetstown are shoals varying lromSto4 feet at 
low water. The Upper Eapids, at llarrisburg, extend 1| m., 
the total fall in that distance being S^ feet. P'rom this point 
to Rockford, a distance of 63 m., the obstructions arc sbght, 
being only 2 or 3 movable sandbars. The bed opposite 
Kockford is a smooth, solid rock for 260 yards, and the 
water at its lowest stage from 2 to 2^ feet. Toward the hea< 
the land is marshy, with ridgea of sand and tracts of ri 
undulating soil interspersed. In tliis region is the T 
Tremblant, or trembling land, which takes its najj 
the shaking of the surface while passing over it. 
erul. till it reaches the State line, the country is beaul 
Undulating and the soil rich and productive ; but in Illinois 
a large portion through which it passes is prairie. Along 
its banks are numerous tracts of richly timbered land. 
Coal of a bituminous nature is found in the bordering re- 
gions, and also some stone quarries, which supply a good 
building material. The water privileges it affords, and also 
its tributaries, are many and excellent. The Rockford and 
Iio(.'k Island R. R. runs along tlie valley of this river. Ca- 
nalingand other improvements are contemplated so as to 
renfier the navigation certain at all seasons. 

Rock creek, D. C: separates Georgetown from Wash- 
ington city, and enters the Potomac r. Two bridges cross 
it near its month. 

RocKAWAY, p. v. and sta., M^orris co,, N'. Jer. : on Rock- 
away r., on the Morris and Essex R. E., 31 m. N. "W. 
Newark, 47 m. N. by E. Trenton. 

RocKAWAY, p. v.. Queen's co., K. Y,: on Rockaway bay, 
near tlie Atlantic shore, 143 ra. S. by E. Albany. 

Rockaway beach. Queen's co., 2^. Y.: a peninsula situ- 
ated between Jamaica bay and the Atlantic Ocean, 16 m. 
S. E. from New York and 14-3 m. S. from Albany, Far 
Rockaway and Near Rockaway are names of villages. The 
latter is located on Rockaway bay, near the ocean, and 
0<)ntains several stores, a ship-yard, lumber-yard, etc.. and 
a number of coasting sloops and schooners are owned here. 
At this place is a mnnumenl erected to the nK-nmry of those 
who perished by shipwreck from on board the ships Bristol 
and Mexico, in 1S36-7. 

UocK Bottom, p. o., Mi<idlesex co., Mass.: 23 m. N. "W. 

Rostnll. 

RorKRRrooE county, Ylrg. Situate centrally, anil con- 
tains 652 wj. m. Drained by affluents of X<irth r., a main 
branch of James r., which it joins a little above its pass:ige 
Ihr-High the Blue Ridge. Surface, though in general moun- 
tainous, is 4liversitled with fertile valleys; soil various. 
Chief products, wheat and Indian com.wiih tobacco.' This 
county contains the celebrated Natural Bri'ige over f 'edar 
cr, from which it takes ils name. Farms 666; manuf. 57; 
dwell. 1.90S, and [jop.— wh. 11,434, fr. col. 3G4, si. 4,197— 
total 1C.'I4.5. Ciipitiil: Lexington. 

Ro( K Bridge, p. v., Gwinnett co., Ga.: on E. bank of 
YelloWr., 71 m. N. W. Milledgeville. 
• Rockbridge, p. o., Greene county, III.; 47 m. S. W. 
Springfleld. 

Rockbridge, p. v., and cap. Ozark co., Mo.: 127 m. S. 
Jefferson City. It contains the court-house, jail, etc. 



Rock Castle county. Ay. Situate S. E, centrally, and 
contains 312 sq. m. Drained by branches of Dirks' and 
Rock Castfe rivers. Surface elevated, and forms a ridge 
separating the waters of the Cumberbind r. from those of 
Kentu.'ky r.— the land is well adapted to grazing; soil f^>r- 
tile. and genenilly productive. Staples, wh^-at and Indian 
corn. Farms 441; nianuf 3; dwell. 74G. and pup, — nh. 
4,*s9, fr. col. 33. rI. 375~-tot;d 4.697. Capital : Mount Ver- 
non. Public Works: Kiioxville and Lexington K. R. 

Rock Castle, p. v., Patrick co., Hrg. : 147 m. W. S. ^V. 
Richinohd. 

Rock Citv, p. v., Duchess co., J^. Y. : on small branch 
of Hudson r., 49 m. S. Albany. 

Rock City, Cattaraugus co.. X. Y. : 7 m. from I'^llicotle- 
ville and near the line between Great and Little Valley — ;s 
a remarkable natural curiosity. The rock is liere conglom- 
erate, large masses, from 15 to 35 feet high, have been k-ft 
standing isolated, and are separated by alleys and passages 
of various widths. The whole area covereil by these blocks 
is near 100 acres. The scene is in the highest degree im- 
posing, and impresses upon the beholder the conviction, 
that the name has not been improperly chosen. 

I'-ocK City JIills, p. o., Saratoga county, i\' Y.: 29 m. 
by W. Albany. 

ocK Creek, p. o. and sta.. Bartholomew co.. lud. : on 
Madison and Indianapchs K. R,, 34 m. from Madison, 
11(1 51 m. S. S. E. Indianapolis. 

Rock Creek, p. o., Carri)ll co., /?-/. ; 153 m. N. Springfield. 

RuCK Creek, p. o., Cedar county, la. : on E. side of 
Cedar r., 19 m. E. Iowa City. 

Rock Creek, p. o., Somerset county, Jfd. : 63 ra. S. E. 
Annapolis. 

Rock Creek, p. o., Lewis county, Ky. : 93 m. E. N. E. 
Frankfort. 

KoCK Creek, p. o., Franklin co., Ala.: 1S5 m. N. N. W. 
Montgomery. 

Rock Creek, p. o., Orange co., iV. Car. : hG m. W. N. W. 
Raleigh. 

Rock Creek, p. o., Tell county. Ark.: 77 m. W. N. AV. 
Little Rock. 

Rockdale, t. and p. o., Crawfonl county, Penn. : 192 m. 
N. W. Harrisburg. Drained by French cr. and tributJiry 
of Alleghany r. It has limited nianufactnres. 

Rockdale, sta.. Licking co.. (Mio; on the Central Ohio 
R. R., IS m. -W. by N. Zanesville, and 4o m. E. by N. 
Columbus. 

Rockdale, p. o., Chenango co., K. Y. : 9S ra. "VV. by S. 
Albany. 

Rockdale, p. o., Randolph co., Ala.: SG m. N. E. by N. 
Montgomery. 

Rockford, p. v., and cap. "Winnebago co.,IU.: at the 
rapids on Rock r., 170 m. N. by E. Springfitid, and on the 
Galena and Chicago Union R. R.. 92 ni. N.W. by N.Chicago. 
It is locateri on a high and fertile prairie on the W. side of 
the river, and contains the court-house, jail, etc. Immense 
walt-r-powcr is derived from the rapids, and there are some 
good mill-seats. Steamboats come up to this place. Tho 
" Rockford Forum" (whig) is a weekly issue. Pop, 2.093. 

Rockford, p. v. and sia., Jackson co., luff. : oir E. side of 
East fork of White r., and on the JeffV-rsnnville R. R., 52 m. 
N. Jeffersotiville, and 55 m. S. by E. Luiianapolis. 

Rockford, p. v., and cap. Surry co., .A' Car.: on N, side 
of Yadkin r., 12S in. W. N. W. Raleigh. 

Rockford CoruT-noirsE, Coosa co., Ala.: on a branch 
of Hatchet cr. of Coosa r.. 84 m. N. Montg-imcry. 

Ropk Grove, p. o., Stephenson co., III. : on a branch of 
Rock r., ISl m. N. Springfield. 

Rock Hall, p. v., Kent county, 2M. : IS m. N. E. 
Annapolis. 

P.O. k Haven, p. o., Mead county, Ky. : 75 m. W. by S. 
Frankfort, 

Rock Hill, p. 0., St Louis founty, Mo. : 99 m. E. 
Jeflcrson City. 

781 



ROC 

Rock Hlll, p. o., Marquotle CO., Wise. ; 44 m. N. by E. 
Madison. 

KocKiioLD's, p. o., Whitley county, iy. •' 101 "™- 8- 3- ^' 
Frankfort, 

EocKnoLD'B, p. o., SulUvan Co., Tetwi. : 244 m. E. by N. 
Nashville. 

EocK HocsK, p. o., Sumner Co., Term.: 81 m. N. E. 
Kashville. 
Rock Hoote, p.o., Hocking Co.. Ohio .•42 m. S.E.Columbus. 
RocKiiousE Peaieie, p. 0., Buchanan oo., Mo. : 154 m. 
W. N. W. Jefferson City. 

Rockingham county, Jf ffamp. Situate S. E., anil con- 
tains 812 sq. m. ■ Drained by Lampri-y and Squamsot 
rivers and their affluents. Surface generally uneven ; soil 
fertile, and f;enerally well cultivated. The face of the coun- 
try is divcrsifled with numerous lakes or ponds, the princi- 
pal of which are Great Bay, in the N. E., and Massahesic 
pond in the W. It has many importunt manufactures. 
Farms 3.S11 ; ma.ral. 9S4 ; dwell. 9,118. and pop.— wh. 50,869, 
fr. col. IIT— total 60,986. Cu/Ji'toi .• Exeter. PuUicWorka: 
Eastern K. R. : Boston and Maine R. R. ; Manchester and 
Lanrence R. R. ; Portsmouth and Concord E. R. ; New. 
buryport Branch E. E., etc 

RucKl.vQUA.M county, N. Car. Situate N., and cnnUi'^ 
412 sq. m. Drained by Dan r. and its branches, and h^ 
branches of Haw r. Surface elevated, and in some p: 
hilly, and well adapted to grazing; soil very fertile, and I 
bacco is grown considerably, forming one of its staples 
Farms TIT; manuf. 43; dwell. 1,693, and pop.— wh. 8.047 
fr. col. 419, si. 6,3'29— total l'l,S95. Capit'd : Wentworth. 

RoCKlNon.ul county, Virg. Situate centrally, and con- 
tains T69 sq. m. Drained by Shenandoah r. and its branch- 
es. Surface broken, and in parts mounlaiuous ; soil vari- 
ous, adapted to grazing in the uplands— along the streams 
very fertile. Chief products, wheat and Indian corn. Some 
toh.acco is also grown. Farms 1.213; manuf. 167; dwell. 
3,(147. and p.)p.— wh. 17,493, fr. col. 465, si. 2,:331— U.tal 20,294. 
Capital : Harrisonburg. 

EocKi.N«uAM, p. v., and cjip. Richmond co., iV. Car. : on 
Hitchcock's cr., 81 m. 8. W. Ealeigh. It contains a court- 
house, jail, etc. 

RoCKisGUAM, L and p. v.. Windham county, Veitn. : is 
delightfully located on W. side of Connecticut river, TS m. 
S. by E. Montpelier. Drained by William and Sextas 
rivers, tributaries of the Connecticut r. Surface uneven ; 
soil fertile. Its agricultural products are large, and it luis 
extensive manufactories. The location of the t. remlers it 
a mart of much interior trade, and lias cause.l the erection 
of a number of neat and pleasant villages. In the Connecti- 
cut r., near the S. E. corner of the t, is '• Bellows Falls," 
ai-ound which is an interesting loranty of miiu-rals. The 
rocks are principaUy gneiss. The river here is compressed 
into a narrow strait, between steep rocks, and for nearly a 
quarter of a mile h.-is a rapid flow. A canal, with 9 locks, 
pa-sses romid these falls. A bridge (erected in 1735) spans 
the river at this point. Immense water-power is derived 
from the streams and falls, and used for manufacturing 
purposes. The manufactures consist of woolen gooils, pa- 
per, leather, flour, lumber, etc. The station is on Willianrs 
river, and on the Rutland and Burlington E. I'.., 114 m. 
S. E. Burlington; and the Vermont Valley R. 1!. passes 
through the t. The '• RepubUc" (whig) is a weekly issue. 
Top. of t. 2,857. 

Rook Island county, lU. Situate N. W., and contains 
425 sq. m. Drained by Rock r. and other allluenls of the 
Mississippi, which forms its W. boundary. Surface undu- 
lating : soil fertile, parlioularly along the Mississi|ipi. Farms 
63S ;°manuf. 11 ; dwell. 1,246, and pop.— wh. 6.935, ft. col. 2 
—total 6,937. Capital : Rock Island. Publia Works : 
Chicago and Rock Island R. R., etc 

Rock island. Rock Island co., ///. .• a large island in the 
Mississippi r., 93 m. belo* Savannah, and 131 in. N. N. W. 
Sprdigaehl. It is 8 m. long and ;ibout U m. wide, with 
782 




EOC 

limestone rock for its base. On it stands Fort Armstrong, a 
strong and neat fortineation of the U. Stales. On two sides 
the rook is 20 feet perpendicular in height above the river, 
and forms the (ounJation of the fort. The S. point of the 
island is elevated about 40 feet above the.level of the river. 
Rock Isla>i), p. o., Austin county, ?l?a!. ; 95 m. E. by S. 
Austin City. 

Rock Island, p. o., Warren county, Tmn. : on S. side of 
Caney fork of Cumberland r., 71 m. IS. S. E. Nashville. 

Rock Island Citt, p. v., and cap. Rock Island county, 
III, : at the junction of Rock river with the Mississippi 
river. 50 miles below Van Buren, and 131 miles N. N. W. 
Springfield. It has been laid out on an extensive plan, is 
rapidly increasing, and promises to become a pl.ace of con- 
siderable importance. It contains a courl-house, jail, etc. 
The position of the city is one of the best on the Upper 
Mississippi, and the country surrounding it affords fine agri- 
cullural facilities, timber, limestone, and coal in abundance, 
large quantities of which are transported to other points. 
The " Rock Island Advertiser'' (whig) is a weekly is.sue. The 
Chicago and Rock Island R. R. has lis terminus at this point. 
Rock Island Eapids commence at Rock Islnn<l. just above 
mouth of Rock r., and exteAd 15 m. up the Mississippi, 
a descent of 21 feet 10 inches. The navigation at this 
xjow water is mueli obstructed by ledges of rock, 
tend across in various places. The Unitjd States 
fiment has done something for their improvement. 
Iceland county, K V. Situate S. E., and eonlains- 
172 sq. m. Drained by llackensack r.. Eamapo and Saddle 
rivers, branches of the Pas.saic, and small streams of Hud- 
son r.. wliieli bounds it on the E. Surface hilly, and in 
some parts mountainous and nuich broken; soil generally 
fertile. It has some valuable minerals, and contains some 
fine beds of magnetic iron ore, and quarries of variegated 
marble. Large quantities of ice are exported to New York 
from this county. Chief products, wheat and Indian corn. 
Farms 692: manuf. 144; dwell. 3.011, and pop.— wh. 10.368, 
fr. col. 694— Ulal 16.962. Capital: Clarkstown. Public 
Works : New York and Erie R. R. 

Rockland, t. and p. o.. Sullivan CO., y. Y. : 72 m. S. W. 
Albany. Drained by Beaver Kill and branches, trilratary 
of the Delaware. Surface billy ami mountainous; soil va- 
rious, fertile in the valleys. It has good water-power, and 
there are several mdl-seals. Pop. of L 1,174. 

Rockland, t. and p. o., Venango county, r&nn. : 164 in. 
W. N. W. Harrisbnrg. Bounded on the W. by the Alle- 
ghany r. Drained by Red river. Iron ore abounds in the 
vicinity, aral there are two furnaces, one moved by sleam, 
of 1.600 tons, and one moved by water and steani-power, of 
1,3.50 tons annual capacity. 

Rocklano, sia., Baltimore CO., JIfil.: on the Westminster 
branch of Baltimore and Susquehanna E. R., 9 m. N. by W. 
Baltimore. 

Rockland, t. and p. o., Lincoln co.. Me. : on the W. coast 
of Penobscot bay, and includes Owl's Head, 40 m. S. W. by 
\V. Augusta. Formerly c:illcd East Thomaston, and Liken 
n-om Thomaston in IS4S. Drained by a braueli <.f the St. 
Ceorge r. It has a fine harbor, and is famous f.ir the man- 
ufacture of lime, obtained from the inexhausliblc limestone 
ledges in the vicinity, and shipped in large quantities to 
different parts annually, and an excellent quality of granite 
((juarried by the convicts in Thomaston) is shipped from 
tliis point. Ship-building is carried on here, and it is a 
place of considerable maritime commerce. It has steam 
communication with Boston and Bangor, from which latter 
place il is distant about 65 miles. A largo number of ves- 
sels pa.ss here d;iily. It contains a bank ; and tlie"Uock 
Gazette'' (neut.) is a jyeekly issue. P"p. of t. 5.052. 

Rockland Lakk, p.o., Rockland eo.. y. Y.: 103 m. S. 
Albany. Rockland lake is a body of very pure water. 5 in.- 
in circumference, 200 feet above the level of Hudson river, 
chiefly valuable for its ice, which is used in supplying the 
New York market. 



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Rockland Mills, p. o., Augusta county, Vtfg. : 101 in. 
W. N. W. Richmond. 

Rock Mills, p. o., Hancock county, Gn. : on W. side of 
Ogeechee r., 35 lu. E. N. E. Milledgeville. 

EocK Mills, p. o., Anderson dial., S. Car.: on "W". side 
of branch of Savannah r, 103 m. W. N. W. Columbia. 

Rock Mills, p. o., Randolph county, Ala. : 37 ui. N. E. 
Montgomery. 

Rook Mocntatn, DeKalb co.. Ga. : a high, s(ilitar>- peak, 
2,226 feet above the stream which winds around its base. 
It is about T m. in circumference. 

Rock Point, p. o., Independence co., Ark.: on S. side 
of SaUne cr„ 69 m. N. E. by N. Little Ruck. 

RoCKPOKT, p. o.. Hot Springs co., A/A: : on E. side of 
OuachiUi r., 40 in. S. W. by W. Little Rock. 

RocKPOET, p. o.. Pike co., Iil. : on the Snycartee Shmgh, 
74 m. W. by S. Springfield; 

RocKPoRT, p. v., and cap. Spencer co., Ind. : on N. bank 
of Ohio r.. 15 ra. below Maxville, 184 m. S. S. W. Imlian- 
ap'jlis. It is located on Rock Lady Washington, a formation 
of sandstone, which rises in a circular I'l-rm to the height of 
30 feet above the firat bank of the river, jiresenling a bold 
front. The position is very commanding, and the surround- 
ing country is exceedingly rich and fertile, producing large 
crops of corn, etc. It contains the county buildiugs, a tan- 
nery, ship-yard, etc. 

Rorui'OBT, t. and p. v., Essex co., Mass. : comprises all 
the seaward portion of the extremity of- Cape Ann, 31 m. 
N. E. Boston. There are two pleasant villages in the t, 
Sandy Ray and Pigeon Cove, about 1 m. apart, at both of 
wliich are artificial harbors for small vessels. Although 
the t. derives its name from the character of its shores and 
surface, it contains many large tracts of clear land. At 
Pigeon Cove are extensive quarries of granite. This t. is 
of much resort in the summer months. There are some 
stores and a bank, capital $100,000. Pop. of t. 3,255. 

RocKpop.T, t, p. o., and sta. Cuyahoga co., Ohio: on "W. 
side of Rocky r., near its entrance into Lake Erie, the N. 
boundary of the t., 116 ra. N. N. E. Columbus. The Cleve- 
land, Columbus, and Cincinnati R. R. passes through its S. 
part. 7 m. from Cleveland. Pop. 1,441. 

RocKPOKT, p. o., Carbon county, Perm.: 7G miles N. E. 
Harris burg. 

Rock Pbaieie, p. o., Rock county. Wise. : 35 ro. S. S. E. 
Madison. 

Rock Peaieie, p. v., Dade county, Mo.: 116 m. S. W. 
Jefferson City. 

Rock Q(j.\rp.t. p. o., Pope co., Jll.: on N. side of Ohio r., 
174 m. S. S. K. ispringfield. 

Rock Rift. p. o., Delaware co., J^\ Y, 

Rock Rivek, p. o., Fond du Lac co., Wi^c: 62 m. N. E. 
Madison. 

Rock Rcn, p. o., Stephenson county, HL: 173 miles N. 
Springfield. 

Rock Run, p. o., Harford co., J/f/. ; 49 m. N. Annapolis. 

EoCKSBCKG, AVarreu county, A^. Jer. : 40 m. N. W. by N. 
Trenton. 

RocKSFOED, p. 0., Tuscarawas co., Ohio: S3 m. E. N. E. 
Columbus. 

Rock ^piEr.vo. "Walker co., Ga. : on W. side of branch of 
ChickamauiTa r., a tributary of Tennessee r., 174 m. N. "W. 
Milledgevilie. 

Rock Spbing, Orange co., A^. Car.: 47 m. N. "W. Raleigh. 

EdcK Spelsgs, p. o., Cecil county, Md. : 52 m. K. E. 
Annapohs. 

Rock Station, sta., Plymouth co,, 3fass. : on Cape Cod 
Branch R. R.. 5 m. from Mitldleboro', 24 m. from Boston. 

Rock Stream, p. o. and sta., Yates county, A^. Y. .■ on W. 
bank of Seneca lake, 164 m. W. Albany. The Canandaigua 
and Elmira R. R. passes through, 40 m. from Canandaigua, 
and 27 m. from Elmira. 

RocKTON. t ;md p. v., "Winnebago co.^Ill. : on Rock river, 
133 m. N. Springfield. The t lies, chiefly oa the "W. side of 



Rock r., and \s also well watered by Pekatonica r. flowing 
E. through its centre, and by N. Sng.ir cr., which drains its 
N. portion and enters the Pekatonica 6 m. above its inonih- 
Surface undutaling ; soil rich prairie land, with some timber. 
The v. is on E. side of Rock river. 

RocKToN, p. v. and sta., Herkimer county. 2^. Y,: 91 m. 
W. N. W. Albany. FornKrly called Little Kails. Surface 
of t. hilly and mountainous; soil sandy and nrgiliaceous 
loam, watered by Mohawk r., on the S. side of which nms 
Ihe-Erie Canal, and on Hie N. side the Uijca and S.^henee- 
tady R. U. • The v. is beantifully situated on bnih sides of 
the Mohawk r., and is of some resort for its romantic si'eii- 
ery. The gap through which the r. passes is comparatively 
narrow, an<i on b(tth sides the wofjded hills rise from 350 lo 
400 feet. Tlieir bases are of sandstone, above which are ex- 
tensiTe bc<h of blue limestone, much used for building pur- 
poses. Th^ canal here ascends in the space oi a mile, by 4 
locks, about 40 feet. It is supplied with wattT by a feeder 
carried across the r. by a handsome aqueduct of 3 arehes, 
one of 70 feet, and two of 50 feet span. At one point the 
brow of a hill projects into the river, by which the canal was 
constructed, with expensive diggings and embaukinenti. 
and by occupying a part of the river bed for the c:iiial. 
The river has here a fall of 42 feet in half a mile, affording 
great water-power. Its bed is of granite gneiss, very hard, 
but easily quarried for building stones, and abuuuding uiili 
quartz crystals. The v. is principally on the N. side of the 
river, and contains several flouring, plaster, and paper 
mills, woolen factory, machine shop, several furnaces, anil 
other manufactories; 1 bank, capital $200.0110, academy, 
and 5 churches. Two newspapers are ifusued weekly. 
" Mohawk Courier" (deni.), and " Herkimer Journal" 
(whig). The v. is supplied with water from a spring in 
the hills, 300 feet abuve the tops of the houses. Pop. of t. 
ia 1S40, 3.8S1 ; in 1S50, 4,S55. 

Rock Valley, p. o., Marshall co., Tirg.: 233 m. N. "W. 
Richmond. 

IvocK Valley, p. o., Hampden co., Mass. : 79 m. "W. by S. 
Boston. 

lioCKTiLLB, p. v., "Washington county, R. L: 13 m. "W. 
Newport. 

RocKviLLE, p. v.. Tolland county, dnui. : 14 miles N. E. 
Hartford. A flourishing manufacturing v., having several 
cotton and woolen mill?. 

RocKviLLE, p. v., Putnam county, Gfi. : 15 miles N. 
Mdledgeville. 

RoCKviLLK, p. v., "Will CO., Jll. : 1 m. E. of Iroquois river, 
127 m. N. E. Springfield. 

RocKviLLE, p. v., and cap. Parke co., IruJ.: on TV. side 
of branch of Little Raccoon cr.,54 m. ^'. Indianapolis, It is 
on elevated ground, and surruunded by an extensive tract 
of rich and beautifully mlliti^ land, comprising some of the 
best farms uf the State. It was first settled in 1823, aud now 
contains the usual county buildings, a flourishing county 
seminary, female academy, and 6 churches. The '• Parke 
County 'Whig" is published weekly. Pop. about 1,200. 

RocKTiLLE. p. v., Delaware co., Ia.: on E. bank of 
branch of Makoqueta r., 51 m. E. N. E. Iowa City. 

RoCKviLLE, p. o., Waldo CO., Me. 

RocKviLLE, p. v., and cap. Montgomery co., Mfl. : S3 m. 
"W. by N. Annapolis, on W. side of Rock creek of Potomac 
river. It contains the usual county buildings.. The '' Mary- 
land Journal'' (whig) is issued weekly. Pop. SIO. 

RocKviLLE, p. v., Norfolk county. Mom.: on W. side of 
Charles r., 22 m. 8. W. Boston. Has some manufactures. 

ROCKVILLE, p. o-, Allegany co., A^. Y. : 21S m. "W. by S. 
Albany. 

RocKviLLE, p. v., Rowan co., IT. Car. : 111 m. "W. by N. 
Raleigh. 

RocKviLLE. p. v., Adams co., Ohio: on the Ohio r., &3 ra. 
8. by W. Columbus. 

RocKviLLF^ pi v., Ch«ste^ county, Penn. : 61 miles E. 9. E. 
Harrisburg. Here is a cold blast charcoal furnace of 1,000 tons 

733 



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annual capacily, which amount it made In 1S49, employing 
78 men, using water-power. 

EocKviLLEi sla., Pt-rry county, Penn. : on Pennsylvania 
E. P.., 7 m. W. by N. from Harrisburf;. 

EocKviLLE, p. v., Monroe co., Tenn.: 151 m. E. S. E. 
Nashville. , 
.KocKviLLE, p. 0., Hanover oo., Virg. 
r.ooKviLUi, p. o., Lexington district, S. Car. : 15 m. TV. 
Columbia. 

EocKvanLE Cestre, p. o., Queen's co., 2^. T. : 13'2 m. S. 
Albany. 

EocKWELL, p. v., Bond CO., lU. : on E. side nt W. (hrk of 
Shoal creek, 64 m- 5. .Springfield. Surrounded by flrsl-rale 
prairie land. The •• Western Evaojielist" is issued monthly, 
anil the " Primitive Preacher" quarterly, both Baplist pub- 
lications. 

EocKWELT., p. o., Pickens district, <S Car.! 125 mUes 
N. W. by W. Columbia. 

EocKV river, iY Car.: rises by numerous branches, which 
drain liio whole of Cabarras CO., flows E., and empties into 
the Yadkin river. 

EocKv river, S. Car. : rises in Anderson dist., flows 8. 
through W. part of AbbevUIe dist., and emplies into 
Savannah river. 

EocKv Bavou. p. o., Izard co., Ark. : on E. aide of Eock 
cr., S6 m. N. by E. Little Eock. 

EocKV Bkascb. p. 0., Greenup co., Ky. : 118 m. E. by N. 
Frankfort. 

EocKV CoMfOET, p. 0., Sevier co., Ark. : 124 m. W. S. W. 
Little Eock. 

KocKV Cheek, p. o., Iredell co., N. Car.: on Rocky cr., 
128 m W. by N. Ealeigh. 

EocKT Ford, p. o., Pontotoc co., Miss. : UG m. N. N. E. 
Jackson. 

EocKT Gap, p. o., Tazewell co., nVy. : 2-31 ra. W. by S. 
Eichmond. 

KocKY nn,r., p. v., Hartford co., Cmn. : on W. side of 
Connecticut r., 7* m. 8. Hartford. It is a pleasant lillle v., 
containing a Congregational church, etc. Some vessels arc 
built here. 
EocKV Hill. p. o., Barren co.,ff";/.,- 97 m. S.8.W. Frankfort. 
EocKY Hill, p. v., Somerset co.. jV". tA<?r. : on W. side of 
Millstone r., 12} m. N. N. E. Trenton, containing a few mills, 
a woolen factory, and stores. 

EocKY Hill, p. o., Jackson co., Ohio: 63 to. S. by E. 
Columbus. 

EocKY Mills, p. o., Lavacca Co., Ter. : 7C m. S. E. Austin 
City. 

Rooky Mount, p. v., Meriwether co., Ga. : 90 m. W. 
MiUedgeville, 

EocKY MocNT, p. o., Kemper co., Miss. : 103 m. E. N. E. 
Jackson. 

EocKY MocNT, p. o.. Miller co.. Mo. : 29 m. W. 8. W. 
Jefferson City. 

EoOKT Mount, p. v. and sta., Edgtcombe co,, K Car. : on 
N. bank of Tar r., 49 m. N. E. by E. Ealeigh. The Wil- 
mington and Wcldon E. E. passes through the v., 87 m. 
from Weldon, and 125 m. from Wilmington. ■ 

EocKY Mount, p. o., Fairfield dist., A'. Car. : on W. side 
of Catawba r., 83 m. N. by E. Columbia. 

EoCKY Mount, p. v., and cap. Franklin CO., llrff. : on 
N. side of Pig r., a tributary of Eoanoke r, 134 m. W. S. W. 
Eichmond. It contains a court-house, jail, stores, tannery, 
and an iron furnace, which employs 100 laborers. Pop. 
about 450. 

EocKV Narrows, p. 0., Monroe county, OMo: 99 m. E. 
Columbus. 

UocKY Pt,aiks, p. 0., NeB'ton co., Ga. : 58 m. N. W. 
MiUedgeville. 

EocKY Point, p. o., Scott CO., TTrg. : 281 m. W. by S. 
Richmond. 

EooKY PorsT, p. o., Attala c»., Miss. .■ 63 m. N. N. E. 
JaeksoB. 

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ROL __^ 

EocKY Point, sta.. New Hanover county, y. Car. : on 
Wilmington and WeUon Railroad, 14 ra. N. by E. 
Wilmington. 

E<.ci;v EivEE, p. 0., Warren Co., Tenn.: 70 m. E. S. E. 
Nashville. 
EocKvEcN, P.O., Columbia CO., Wim.: 28 m. N. Madison. 
EocKY Speinq, p. o., Jackson co., Ala. : 1S4 m. N. by E. 
Monlgomcry. 

Rocky Speino, p. o., Claiborne CO., Miss. : 37 m. W.N.W. 
Jackson. 

EocKY Spbisg, p. o., Grainger co., Tenn.: 179 m. E. 
Na-^hville. 

EorKV Well, p. v., Lexington dist., .S Car.: on the S. 
side of Saluda r., 20 m. W. Columbia. 

ItouoEit's EoAD, sla., Erie CO., N. Y. : on the IJulTalo and 
State Line E. R., 10 m. S. Buffalo; and 209 m. W. Albany. 

EoDM.iN. t and p. v., Jefferson Co., iV. Y.: on Sandy cr., 
142 m. N. W. Albany. Surface of t. undulating ; soil sandy 
and clay loam of good quality. The v. on Sandy creek con- 
tains 3 churches, saw, grist, carding, and fulling mills, 
several stores, etc. Pop. of t., in 1S40, 1,702 ; in 1S50, l,7'-4. 
EoDNEV, p. v., Jefferson co.. Miss. : on E. side of Mifsis- 
sippi r., 6S m. S. W. by W. Jackson. It contains several 
stores, and a tine steam saw-mill. Pop. 210. 
Eoi.NEY, p. o., Gallia co., Oliio: 83 m. S. S. E. Cohunbus. 
EoESFiELD, p. 0., Catahoula par., La. : 103 m. N. W. by N". 
Baton Eouge. 

Rogers' Beiik-.e, p. o., Spartanburg dist, iS. Car. : 83 m. 
N. W. Columbia. 

Roger's Farm, p. o., M'Lean CO., III. : on W. side of 
head branch of Kickapoo cr., 57 m. N. K. Springlleld. 

EoGEU's Stoee, p. o., Wake co., K Car. : ou E. side of 
Neuse r., 12 m. N. by E. Ealeigh. 

RoGERSTiLLE, p. v., Laudcrdale Co., Ala. : about 4 m. N. 
of Tennessee r, 173 m. N. by W. Montgomery. 

E0GEP.SVILLE, p. 0., Tuscarawas co., Ohio: 77 m. E.N.E. 
Columbus. 

EoGErjsYiLLE, p. o., Halifax county, Virg. : 93 m. S. W. 
Richmond. 

EoGERSviLLE, p. 0., Madisou county, A'y. .■ 49 m. 8. E. 
Frankforl. 

EoGEP.sviLLE, p. o., Henry co., Tnd. : on N. side of head 
branch of Blue r., 46 m. E. N. E. Indianapolis. 

EooERSvitLE, p, o., Greene Co., Penn. : 174 m. W. bf 8, 
Harrislmrg. 

Eoohesvii.le. p. v., and cap. Hawkins co., Tenn.: about 
2 m. N. of llolslon r., 209 m. E. by N. Na.-<hville. It cou- 
lains a court-house, jail, several stores, etc. The " E. Times" 
(whig) is published weekly. 

EoiiRERSTOwN, sti., LancastCT CO., Penn. : on Columbia 
Branch E. E., 6-m. W. firom Lancaster. 

RouRERSvlLLE, p. v., Washington co., Mil. : 76 m. N. W. 
Annapolis. 

RoiinsRURO, p. v., Columbia co., Penn. : on N. side of 
branch of Fijhing cr.,61 m. N. by E. llarrisburg. 

EoKEBV p. 0., Morgan county, Ohio: 63 m. E. by S. 
Columbus. 

Roi.Esvii.LE, p. v.. Wake Co., K Car.: H m. N. E. of 
Neuse r., l.'i m. N. E. by N. Ualeigli. P"p. about 200. 

EiiLLERSviLLE, p. V., Saudusky county, Ohio : 97 ra. N. 
Columbus. 

EoLLiN, I. ami p. o.. Lenawee co., Mich. : 6.5 m. S. by E. 
Lansing. Micheinaneluc or Devil's lake is in ils N. pari, 
whence flows THn,n's cr. through ils W. portion, affonling 
excellent water-power. The soil is very f.rlile, well adapt- 
ed to grain. The V. on the creek contains (louring and saw 
mills. Pop. of L in 1S40. 5S1 ; in 1S50, 1,0S0. 

E01.1.1N0 FoEK, p. o., Nelson county, A>. .' 55 m. S. W. 
Frankfort. 

EoLLiNo Praibie, p. o., Marion co., Ark. : 119 m. N. W. 
Lillle Rock. 

Roi.LiNsroRn, t. and sla., Btrafford CO., JT. ITamp. : on W. 
side of Salmon r, 34 m. E. C<mcord. This is a new L re- 



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BOO 



cently taken from Soraersworth, containing the flourishing 
V. of SuUnon Falls. Three railroads pass through the t, : 
Boston and Maine R. K., 71 xu. from Boston ; Branch K. K. 
to Great Falls, etc. ; and the Tork and Cumberland K. It., 
now in construction. This t. contains numerous factories, 
fulling-mills, etc. Pop. 1,S62. 

Kollin's Store, p. o., Moore county, iVI Car. : 32 m. 
8. W. by W. Pwaleigh. 

RoLLiNSviLLE, p. o., Darliugton dialrict, *S. Ca7\: 63 m. 
E. N. E. Columbia. 

Roma, p. 0,, Starr county, Tev.: on the Rio Grande,' 
2S0 m. S. ^ W. Austin City. 

Rome, p. v., and cap. Floyd co., Gn.: at junction of Eto- 
wah and Oostanaula rivers, 164m. N.'W.MiUedgiviUe. The 
Rome R. W. extends hence to Kingston on Western and 
Atlantic R. H., and will be cniitiniied S. W. to .Tacksonville, 
Ala., there uniting wiih the Alabama and Tennessee River 
R. R. The V. contains 2 churches, an academy, and stores. 
Two newspapers are published weekly, " Rome Bulletin" 
(whig) and " Southerner" (dem.) Pop. about SCO. 

Rome, p. v., and cap. Perry co., 2nd. : on N. hank of 
Ohio r., 124 m. S. by W. Indianapolis. It was first settled 
in ISll. It contains a fine brick court-house, stone jail, 
county seminary, and 2 churches. Pop. about 300. 

Rome. p. v., Henry co., la. : on W. side of Skunk r., 47 m. 
S. by W. Iowa City. 

Rome, t. and p. v., Kennebec co., 3fe. : 17 m. N. by W. 
Augusta. It has a large pond on its N. border, another on 
the E., and a third on its S. border, all of which have their 
outlet into the Kennebec, at Waterville. Incorporated in 
1S04. The V. is pleasant and flourishing. Pop. of t S30. 

Rome, t. and p. o,, Lenawee co., Mich.: 56 ra. S. by ^. 
Lansing. Drained by heatl branches of Beaver cr. The 
soil is fertile, adapted to grain. Pop. in 1S40, 1,128 ; in 
1S50, 1,52S. 

Rome, t., p. v.,8ta., and one of the caps. Oneida co., A'! 5' : 
on the Mohawk r., 91 m. W. N. "W. An>any ; by R. R. from 
Albany 109 m. Surface of I. chiefly level, or gently undu- 
lating; soil a fertile elay and sandy loam. Drained E. by 
Motiawk r., on which is excellent land, and Wuoti cr., wliit-li 
flows W. into Oneida lake. These streams almost interlock, 
being only 1 ra. separate, and were coimecled by a small 
canal before the construction of the Erie Canal, which was 
bought out when the latter was made. The v. on Mohawk 
r. is built upon the site of old Fort St^inwyx, built in 1758, 
and rebuilt in the Revolutionary War, and called Fc.rt 
Schuyler. The Syracuse and Utica R. R. passes through it, 
14 m. from Utica, 33 m. from Syracuse. Ilere commences 
the Watertown and Rome R. R., completed to Cape Vin- 
cent. 97 m. The Erie Canal here receives the connection 
of the Black River Canal, affording communication by water 
with Lake Ontario, etc. The v.. incorporated in 1S19, is. 
withWhitesboro', a lialf shire-town for Otieida co., and con- 
tains a court-houscand jail, a flourishing female seminary, 
2 banks, with aggregate capital of $287,200, 6 churches, a 
cotton factor}', blast furnace, flouring and saw mills, etc. 
Here is a t'nited States arsenal, to which are attached a 
magazine and a number of workshops. Two newspapers 
are issued weekly, " R. Sentinel" (whig) and '• Roman Citi- 
zen" (whig.) Pop. of t. in 1840, 5,6S0; in 1S50. 7,913. 

Rome, t. and p. o.. Ashtabula county. OMo : 153 m. N. E. 
Columbus. I)rained by Grand r. and a branch. This town 
was formerly called Richfield. Pop. 744. 

Rome. sta.. Franklin co., Okia : on CoIuml>u3 and Senia 
K. R.,S m. W. from Columbus. 

Rome, t and p, o., Bradford en., Penn. ; on small branch 
of Susquehanna r., 110 m. N. by E. Harrisburg. Contains 
a number of saw and grist mills, and has some manufac- 
tures. Pop. about 1.000, 

PwOME, p. v., Smith CO., T^nn. : on S. side of Tennessee r., 
47 m. E. Nashville. 

Rome, p. o., Jefferson co., Wl-fc. : 43 m. E. by 6. Madison. 

EoMEO, p. v., Macomb co., Jflch. : on S. side of N. branch 



of Clinton r., 7S m. E. Lansing. It is pleasantly situated, 
and is surrounded by an excellent fanning country. It 
contains a very flourishing academy, an iron foundry, and 
tannerj". The "1;. Investigator*' (temp.) is issuP!d weekly. 

KoMEo, p. v., Greene co., Taui.: 213 m. E. Nafshviile. 

Romeo, p. o., M'lJenry county, HI.: 177 miles N. N. E. 
Springfield. 

Romince's Mili-s, p. 0., Harrison county, Viri/.: 199 m. 
N. W. Richmond. 

RoMNEY, p. o., Tippecanoe co., Ind. .-, on E. side of Wi-a 
cr., a tributary of Wabash r., 51 ni. N. W. Indianapolis. 
It contains a court-house, and about 5(10 itdiabitaiits. 

RuMNEY, p. v.. and cup. Hampi-hire co., IV/v/. .■ on E 
side of S. branch of Potomac r., 14iJ m, N. l>y W. Richmond. 

Romulus, p. o,, Tuscaloosa co., Al(i. : on W. side of Black 
Warrior r., 99 m. N. W. Monlgoinery. 

Romulus, I. and p. o., Wayne county. 3[irh. : &4 m: S. JEl 
Lansing, Pop., with Taylor and Van Buren, 2.^33. 

Romulus, t. and p. v.. Seneca co., AC 5': lies between 
Cayuga and Seneca lakes, 1119 ra. W. Albany. The surf.tcc 
is higli in the centre, declining E. and W. toward the lakes; 
soil of good quality, well adapted to wiieat. Tlie village is 
a small settlement, containing a church, lavt-rn, a few stores, 
etc. Pop. 2,040. 

Ronald, t. and p. o., Ionia co.. J/lrh.: 31 m. N. W. Lan 
sing. Drained by Prairie cr. of Grand r. and its brunches. 
Pop. 452. 

Rook's creek, Livingston county, III. : 64 miles N. E. of 
Springfield, 

RoNDOUT, p. v., Ulster co,, 2^. Y, : on N. side of Rondout 
cr., 1 m. above its entrance into the Hudson r., 52 m. S. by W. 
Albany. It derives its business importance principally from 
the Delaware and Hudson Canal, which terminates at Eddy- 
ville, 2 m. above, whence the canal-boats are towed by 
steamboats. In the vicinity are found large quantities of 
hydraulic cement and quicklime, employing a number of 
men and vessels. A considerable amount of luml)er and 
produce is ht-re collected, and iransi>orled to New Yorl;. 
There are four boal-yards for building and repairing eanal- 
boafs, two dry docks for the repairing of sloops and coasting 
vessels, a grist-mill, tobacco factory, etc., a female seminary, 
and two churches. The " R. Courier" (neutral) is issued 
weekly. Steam ferry-boats ply to Eddyville and Khinebeck. 
Pop. about 1,700. 

RoNDouT kill or creek, AC Y.: rises in Sullivan co., and 
flows into the Hudson r. in Ulster co.. near Rondout v., at 
which point is a light-house. It receives the Wallkill an<l 
other tributaries, and affords water-power. The Delaware 
and Hudson Canal passes along tlie valky of this creek. 

RoNKONKOMA. lake, AC }'. .* situated mar the centre of 
Long Island, about 1 m. in diameter, (*cep and transparent, 
abounding with fish, and surrounded by pine and other tira- 
lier, presenting a romantic and pleasant appearance. 

Root. p. v., Allen co., Iiui. : on E. side of St. Marj*'8 r., 
97 m. N. E. Indianapolis. 

Root, t. and p. o., Montgomery co.. AC Y. : 89 m.W. by N, 
Albany. Surface in parts hilly; soil fertile loam, or slate 
and lime. Drained by small slreatns. flowing into Mohawk 
r., wliich bounds it on the N. On one of these, the Platte- 
kill, is a water-fall, with a perpemiicular descent 0$ 50 feet. 
About 1 ni. above this fall, a vein of \> ail ore, found at the 
bottom of the creek, has been wrought to some extent by a 
company incorporated for the purpose. In the rocky cliffs 
near the river is a remarkable cave, containing nunieroufl 
apartments. of which fourteen have been visited; some of 
these are ,500 feet beneath the surface, and profusely adorned 
with stalactites, stalagmites, and various incrustations. Pop- 
ulation of t. 2,730. 

Root Creek, p. o., Milwaukie co., H'isc. .* 73 m. E. by S, 
Madison. 

Root river, ^Hnn. Ter: a large str^m in S. E. part of 
the Stiite, flows E. into Miosis'- ppi river. 
iiooiBTowN, t., p. o., and sa., Portage CO., OMo : 116 m. 

735 



ROS 



ROS 



N. E. Columbus, lying directly S. of Eavt-nna, 43 m. from 
Clevelaiul, on Cleveliind and Pittsburg K. R. It is a fine 
farmiirg t, watered by Cuyahoga r. Pop. iu 1S40, 1,112; In 
1S5U, 138. 

KoscoE, t. and p. v., Winnebago en.. 111. : on E. side of 
Kock r..lSl ni. N. by E. trprinictii-kl. Tliis is a fine farming 
town, on the line ot the KoL-klurd and i:o.ck Inland li. K., 
now in construction. 

EoscoK. p. v., llenry county, Mo.: 93 miles "W. by S. 
Jefferson City. 
EoscoR, p. o., Todd co., Ky. : 167 ra. S. W. Frankfort 
EoscoE, p. v., Coithfioton co., Ohio: on W. side of Mus- 
kingum r., and on the Ohio Canal, S9 m. E. N. E. Cohimbus. 
The Muskingiun is here fnrnifid by the confluence of the 
■VV'Alhoniliug and Tuscarawas rivers, which are crossed 
by a fine bridge, joat above their confluence. Koscoe has 
good water-power, an iron foundry, boat-yard, mills, and 
several stori'S. The Walhonding Canal, which extends to 
EoL-hesU-r, 'i5 in., here unites With the Ohio Canal. By these 
canals Eoscoe has become a great dep6t for wheat and other 
merchandise. In times of Jiigh water, steamboats occasion- 
ally run up to this point on the Muskingum. This town was 
first laid out in 1SH>, and named Caldersbiirg. It is a beallh- 
I'ul and beautiful idace, and surrouuded by fine scenery. 
Pop. about 5UU. 

EoscoMMON county, Mich. Situate N. centrally, and con- 
tains 57tJ sq. ra. Drained by the branches of the Moskegon 
mid South rivers, and streams of Iliggina* and Uoughlon's 
lakes." Surface even; sod various, but for the most part 
fertile. Organized since 1&50. 

EosK, t and p. c, Oakland co., MicJi. : 47 m. E. Lansing. 
Watered by the E. branch of Shiawassee r. Pop. in 1S40, 
415; inlS50, 8S6. 

Rose, t. mil p. o., Wayne co., N. Y. : 7 m. N. E. Lyons, 
164 m. W. by N. Albany. Surface undulating; soil, grav- 
elly loam; drained by small streams flowing into Lake On- 
tario. It contains several saw-ndlls, a fuUing-miU, and 
tannery. Pop. in 1640, 2,083 ; iu 1850, 2.26i. 

KosE, t and p. o., Carroll co., Ohio: 97 m. E. N. E. Colum- 
bus. The lieaver Canal passes through its N. W. corner. 
Pop. 1,337. 
EosEBooN, p. o., Otsego CO., K. Y. : 51 m. W. Albany. 
EosEBanG, p. v., Perry co., Penn, : 29 m. W. llarrisburg. 
EosE Cbeek, p. 0., M'Kairy county, Tenn. : 1*20 m. S. W. 
Nashville. 

Edsedale, p. v., Madison county, Ohio: 25 m. W. N. W. 
Columbus. 

Rose Grovb, p. o., Appomattox co., Virg. : 73 m. W. by S. 
Eichniond. 

KosK Hill, p. o., Seneca county., X, Y. : 153 m. W. 
Albany. 

EosE Hill, p. v., Jasper co., III. : on E. side of Embarras 
r, 88 ra. E. S. E. Springfield. 

Eose Hill, p. o., Amit6 co.. Miss, : on W. side of branch 
of Amilie r, lUO m. S. S. E. Jackson. 

EosE Hill, p. o., Lee co., Viro. : about 17 m. E. Cumber- 
land Gap, 819 m. W. by S. Eichmond. 

EoSE IIiLL, p. 0.. Mahaska co., la. : on N. side of SkunJ; 
r., 50 m. S. W. by W. Iowa City. 

EoSBLAND, p. o., Nelson courfty, Virg, : 73 m. W. by N. 
Eichmond. 

EosB Mills, p. o., Amherst co., Virg. : on S. side otTyo 
r., a branch of James r., 87 m. W. by N. Kidimond. 

EosBNDALE, i. and p. v., Ulster co., N. Y. : on N. side of 
Eondout Kill, 63 m. S. by W. Albany. Hero is found in 
great abundance tlie best of hydrauHc cement, which .is 
manufactured in large quantities by two cement mills. The 
unoccupied water-power at this place is very extensive. 
About 2 m. below the v., near the high falls of the Kondout, 
is a mineral spring, possessing valuable pnjpertius. Pop. 
oft 2,418. ^ 

Eo.^ENDAi.B, t and p. c, Fond du Lac oo., Wiec: 65 m. 
N. E. by N. Madison Poi). 714. 
786 



EosB TitKE, p. o., Delaware co., Perm. : 81 m. E. by S. 
Harrtsburg. 

RoSEviu-E, p. v., Parke co., In^. : on S. side of Big Eac- 
coon cr., 5S ra. W. by S. Indianapolis. 

EosE\^LLE. p. o., Franklin co., Ar/:. : on S. side of Arkan- 
sas r.. 95 m. W. N. W. Liitlc Eock. 
EosEviLLE, p. o., Macomb CO., Midi,: 84 m. E. Lansing. 
EosEviLLK, p. v., Muskingum co., Ohio: on S. fork of 
Jonathan's cr., 40 m. E. by S. Columbus; contains a few 
mills and stores, ami about 200 inhabitants. 

EosicLAiTE, P.O., Hardin cO., III.: li m. N. of Ohio r., 
125 ra. S. S. E. Springfleid. 
EosLiN, p. o-., Marquette co., Wtxc, : 57 m. X. Madison. 
EosLYN. p. o., Queen's co., AC Y. : at southern exlremitj' 
or Hempstead Harbor, Vi^i m. S. Albany. 

Eoss county, 0?iio. Situate toward the S.. anil contains 
544 sq. m. Scioto river flows through it from N. to S., by 
whit'h and its branches it is drained. Surface varied, in the 
N. being level, and in the S. hilly and broken ; soil gener- 
ally fertile; in the level portions the land is rich and very 
productive. There is s<)me good timber land, and it has 
exo'Uent pasturage ibr cattle, large numbers of which are 
exported. It has good water privileges. Farms 1,435; 
manuf. 141, dwell. 5,575, and pop.— wh. S0,2u7, fr. coL 
1,867— total 32,074. aipital: ChUlicothe. Public Works: 
Ohio Canal, etc. 

Eoss. t and p. o., Butler co., Ohio : on W. side of Miami 
river, 94 ra. W. S .W. CoUmibus. UraiUfd by Miami r.and 
its branches. Pop. in 1S40, 1,526; in 1850, l.W-S. 
Eoss, p. o., Anderson co., Tenn.: 147 m. E. Nashville. 
RosauiTBG, p. v.. Decatur co., lud. : on S. aide of branch 
of'Salt creek, a tributary of Whitewater river, 49 m. S. E. 
Indianapolis. 

- Eoss' Corner, p. o., York couoty, Me. : 79 m. S. S. W. 
Augusta. 

RossEAu, p. T., Morgan county, Ohio: 59 m. E. S. E. 
Columbus. 

Eoss' Ferry, p. o., Livingston county, Ky. : 199 milea 
8. W. by W. Frankfort 

Eoss' Grove, p. o., De Kalb-co.,7?;. ; on W. side of LitUe 
Indian cr., 134 ra. N. by E. Springfield. 

RijfisiE, t. and p. v., St. Lawrence county, K. Y. : 150 m. 
N. W. Albany. Surface of t. undulating and somewhat 
broken ; sod fertile loam, resting on lirae, granite, and sand- 
stone. Drained by Oswegatehie and Indian rivers. Iron 
and lead ore are found in great. abundance. The lead ores 
are of the finest quality, and apparenUy inexhaustible. 
These have been extensively worked since 1S37 by three 
companies, which have produced and sent to market large 
amounts of lead. The veins have been traced 15 m., vary- 
ing in width from 6 inches to 2 f^et lying in a flssure of 
rock in a solid mass; and from its loeaiion, its d<-pih is evi- 
dently very great The mine on Cole Hill is the jirincipal, 
the surface of which has been laid bare lor a conaiderable 
distance, bounded on either side by granite .rock. The 
mine is regarded by geologists as an anomaly in the mineral 
kingdom, and great natural curiosity, as well as a source of 
inexhaustible wealth. The v., on Indian r., is the principal 
locality of tliese mines, and is a scattered manufacturing 
settlement, containing an exten.-iive furnace and forge, iron 
foundry and machine shop, 1 gribt-mill, 1 saw-mill, 2 tav- 
erns, several stores, ami about 9u0 iuhabilauta. Pop. of L 
iu 1>10, 1,553; i« 1850, 1,471. 

RosSTuww, p. o., Shelby co., Tann. : 179 m. W. S. W. 
Nashville. 

EossviLLE, p. v., Walker co.. Go. : a short distjince from 
the Tenm-issce boundary, 1S3 m. N. W. Milledgevillo. For- 
merly a missionary station in the Cherokee Nation. 

Eusavii.LE, p. v., Clinton co., Intl. : on S. side of Middle 

fork of Ponceanichioux r. or Wild Cat cr., 49 m. N. N. W. 

IndianaprJis. 

RossviLLE, p. v., Baltimore co., Md. : 85 ni. N. AnnapoUa. 

llossviLLK, p. v., Eichmond, 00., N. Y. : on Staten Island 



ROS 



ROW 



gouuil, 145 m. S. by "W. ^Vlbany. It contains 2 carriage 
manufactories, a few stores autl dwellings, baa a steamboat 
landing, and a ferry to tiie Jersey shore, formerly known as 
the Old Blazing Star Ferrj'. 

RossTTLLE, p. o., Ghcster district, S. Car.: 45 ra. N. 
Columbia. 

KossviLLE, p. v., Butler co., O^iio: on W. side of Miami 
r. S9 m. "W. S. W. Columbus. A flourishing an<i wealthy v. 
The "Miami Democrat" is issued weekly. Poj). l,4o2. 

EussviLLE, p. v., York county, Penn.: 14 m. S. by W. 
Harrislnirg. 

EosTKAVEE, t. and p. o,, "Westmoreland co., renn. : on E. 
side of Monongahela r., 132 ni. W. Ilarrisburg. 

EoswELL, p. o., Cobb CO., Go. : on N. side of Chattahoo- 
chee r.. 9S m. N. W. Milled geville. 

EoTUERwooD, p. o., Carroll co., Ga. : 109 ra. W. by N. 
Milledgeville. 

EoTTERDA,M, t and p. o., Schenectady co., jV. Y. : 19 m. 
N. W. Albany. Surface rolling; soil sandy loam and allu- 
vion, very productive along tiie Mohawk r., wluL-h bounds 
it on the N.; also watered by some small creeks flowing 
into the Mohawk. The Erie Canal passes through its N. 
part. Pop. of t. in 1S40, 2,2S4; in 1S50, 2,446. 

KouniDuux, p. o., Texas co., Mo. : on E. side of Eoubi- 
doux fork of Gasconade r., 79 m. S. Jefferson City. 

EoroE river (of the Detroit), Mich. : is formed from three 
principal tributaries which rise in Oakland and Washtenaw 
counties, and unite in the E. part of Wayne co. The Eouge 
river empties into the Detroit r., 5 m. below Detroit, and is 
navigable for small vessels to Dearbomville. Toward its 
month it is deep and sluggish, but the greater portion of it 
is ver>' rapid, having great descent, and with its numerous 
branches furnishi«g very great water-power. 

Rough and Ready, p. o. and Bta., Chambers co., Ahr. : 
on Montgomery and West Point E. E., C3 m. from Mont- 
gomery, 2U m. fn>m West Point. 

Rough and Ready, p. o., Anderson county, iy. ; IS ni. 
S. S. W. Frankfort, 

Rough and Ready, p. o., Hancock county, 7/^ ; S3 m. 
W. N. W. Springfield. 

EouGU AND Ready, p. o. and sta., Fayette co., Ga. : on 
Macon and Western R. R., 11 m. from Atlanta and 90 m. 
from Macon, 79 m. N. W. by N. Milledgeville. 

EouGii AND Ready, p. o., Steuben county, N'. T. : 190 m. 
W. by S. Albany. 

Rough and IIkady, p. o., Warren co., Tarn. : C7 m. S. K. 
Nashville. 

Rough and Ready Mills, p. o., Henry co., Fii/v- •' 143 w. 
S. W. Richmond. 

Roron Ceeek, p. o., Charlotte co., Virg. : 71 m. W. S. W. 
Richmond. 

Rough Ceeek, p. o.. Grayson co., Kt/. : 101 m. W. S. W. 
Frankfort. 

Roulette, t and p. o.. Potter co., Penn. : 122 m. N. N. W. 
Harrisburg. 

Round island, Mich.: a small island on the N. part of 
Lake Huron, between Bois Blanc and V ickinau l-^lands. 

Round lake, N. Y.: a handsome sheet of water, lying in 
the t. of Lake Pleasant, Hamilton co., connected by an out- 
let i m. long, Willi Lake Pleasant, It is 8urroun<led by a 
fine region of covmtry, abounds with trout and other fish, and 
much resorted to by sportsmen. 

Round lake, N. Y. : in the L of Malta, Saratoga eo., is a 
small lake, abounding in perch, pickerel, and ollior fish. 

Round Geote, p. o., Carroll co., Mo.: 95 m. W.N. W. 
Jefferson City. 

Round Head, t. and p. v., Hardin co., Ohio : 5S m. N. W. 
Columbus. Drained by the head branches of Scioto and 
Miami rivers. The v., situated on the former, contains 
185 inhabitants. Pop. of t. in 1S40, 569; in 1S50 (including 
pop. of v.), 655. 

Round Hill, p. v., Fairfield county, Conn. : 72 ra. S. W^. 
Hartford. Contains a church ind several dwellings. 

47 



Round Hill, p. o., Cooper county, Mo. : 32 m. W. by N. 
Jefferson City. 

Round Hiu., p. o.. Orange oo., K. Car. : 31 m. N. W. 
Raleigh. 

RoLND Pond, p. o., Lincoln county, Mt\: 2G m. B. E. 
Augusta. 

EouND Praieie, p. 0., Dallas county, 3fo. : "5 ra. S. W. 
Jefferson City. 

EouND Top. p. o., Fayette co., Tex. : on Cummin's cr, of 
Colorado r., on the post-mad from Lagrange to Wasliinglon, 
W m. E. by S. Austin City. 

Rouse's Point, p. v. and sta., Clinton co., N. Y.: on the 
W. side of Lake Champlain, I6G m. N. by E. Albany. It 
is about \ m. S. of the Canada line. Soon after the war of 
1812, the United Slates commenced the eoiistruciion of a 
strong fortiflcation. a short distance N. of the v., to guard 
the entrance of the lake. It was subsequently foiuid that 
this site was within the Canada line, and the further con- 
struction of the work, upon which some $400,000 had been 
expended, was abandoneil. HowovL-r, this spot has since 
been ceded to the United States, and this fine foitifleation, 
now in dilapidation, may at some period be completed. At 
this point, the great railroa<I route between Ogdensburg and 
Boston, here crosses the lake. Previous to the construction 
of the railroad, this plaice was of no importance. It is now 
a great dep6t for merchandise and produce, and important 
landing-place for the tioala oti Lake Champlain. The rail- 
road crosses the lake by a permanent bridge, 5.000 fi-el long, 
and a draw-l)ridge on pontoons, 300 feet by 30, which is 
swung romiil when not in use, so as to give free navigation. 
The dock is SOO by 1G4 feet, and the depot o5n by 1«)4 feeL 
The improvements are all of the most permanent character. 
The Champlain and St. Lawrence R. R. extends hence to 
Montreal, 47 m. Rouse's Point is distant from Ogdensburg, 
by the Northern E. R.,11S m. ; from Boston, by both routes, 
2&S m. The v. is generally flourishing, and increasing in 
population. 

Euver, p. o., Bedford county, Tenn.: 47 m. S. S. E. 
Nashville. 

Rowan county, AC Car. Situate W. centrally, and con- 
tains 832 sq. m. Drained by Tadkin r. and its branches. 
Surface undulating; soil a fine deep mold and very fertile, 
and well adapted to grain and grazing, fruits, etc. Chief 
pro<luction3, cotton, tobacco, wheat, and Indian coni- 
Farms 1,070 ; manuf. 103 ; dwell. 1,S42, and pop.— wh. 9,901, 
fr. col. 115, si. 3,S54— total 13,s70. Cujni<il: Salisbury. 

EowE, t. and p. v., Franklin co., Mass. : 9S m. W. by N. 
Boston. Surface elevated and in some parts mountainous; 
soil best adapted to grazing. Drained by Deertield r., which 
forms its W. boundary, and by Pi-lham brook, passing 
through the centre nf the I., on which are the ruins of old 
Fort Peiham, erected in 1744. The v. in the centre of t. is 
a neat settlement, has some manufactures, and contains 
8 cliurelies. Pop. of I. 659. 

RowENA, p. o., Russell co., Kf/. : 79 m. S. Frankfort. 

1:o«-e's, st:i., Orangeburg district, S. Car.: on Columbia 
Branch R. R., 5S m. from Columbia, 71 m. from Charleston. 

Rowe's Cokner, sta., Merrimac county, K.Uiunp.; on 
Portsmouth and Concord R. R., 13 m. S. S. E. Concord, and 
S4 m. from P'lrtsmouth. 

EowEsviLLE, p. v., Bedford co., Tenn. : 55 m. S. 8. R 
Nashville. 

Eow*s, p. o., Ashland co., Ohio: on "W. side of Muddy 
fork of Walh(tnding r., 73 m. N. N. W. Columbus. 

Eowlanusville, p. v., Cecil CO., Md. : 52 m. N. E. by N. 
Annapolis. 

RowLANDSviLLE, p. 0., StoHly couDty, X. Cav, : 108 hl 
W. S. W. Ealeigh. 

Rowley, t., p. v., and sta., Essex county. Ma-ss.: 27 m. 
N. l>y E. Boston. Soil of t. diversified ; a large portion is 
salt meadow, the arable soil is fertile. Watered by Rowley 
river, which, lufore its junction with Phim Island Sound, 
affords harborage for small vuasels. Plum inland belongs to 

73T 



•ftox 



this t. The v. at the centre cmiluins 1 churches. The 
Eastern R. E. passes through the t, 29 m. from Boston. 
This t. was first settled in 10.39, by an imlustrious an.l pi'ius 
company from Yorkshire, England, who erected the first 
fulling-mill in New England, and manufactured the llrs^t 
cloth "in North America. The ancient township of R. was 
divided in 1S.38, and its W. part incorporated by the name of 
Georgetown. Pop. of 1. 1,075. 

Eox.iNA, t. and p. o., Eaton county, Mich. : 17 m. W. 
Lansing. Pop. 863. 

EoxnoKotJiiii, p. v., and cap. Person co., N. Car: 65 m. 
N. N. W. Kaleigh. It contains a court-house, jail, a few 
stores, and about 150 inhabitants. 

Eo.'iBOEV, t. and p. o., Oxford co., Ue. : 45 m. N. W. by W. 
Augusta. Surface elevated and well timbered, with some 
good soil. Watered by Swia brook, a branch of Andros- 
coggin r., flowing S. through its centre. Incorporated in 
1S88. Pop. 246. . „„.„ 

EoxBDEV, t. and p. v., Litchfield Co., Conn. : 86 m. W.S.W. 
Hartford. Surface of t. diversifled ; soil chiefly gravelly 
loam. Watered by Shepang r., a branch of the Ilousatonic, 
flowing through its W. part. The t was aken from Wood- 
bury, and incorporated in ISOl. The v. in tlie centre of the 
t contains 2 churches, a few stores, etc. Pop. of t. in 1S40, 
971; in 1»0, 1,114. 

EoxBuiiT, t., p. city, and sta., Norfolk co., J/«.»«.; 2 m. 
8. by W. Boston, with which it is closely connected by a 
narrow neck of land—" Boston Neck"— over which there 
are 4 broad and pleasant avenues. The natural surface of 
the city was very uneven and rocky, which gave to it its 
name,'from the abundance of rocks; and tliiragh much 
changed by building improvements, is still much diversifled. 
The soil is generally fertile and highly cultivated. The 
dwellings are noted for their elegance, and are generally 
surrounded by ornamental gardens. Tho entire appearance 
of the ciiy is most delightful, and it is one of the most plea- 
sant suburlisof Boston, with which its business and wealtll 
are most inUmately connected, and can hardly be con- 
sidered as separate from the metropolis. It has, however, 
considerable trade of its own, and its manufactures are 
various-and extinsive. These consist of carpeting, cordage 
(the New England Company has a capital of 3;T5,000, em- 
ploying 130 men). India-rubber goods, railroad iron, iron 
castings, flre-engines, steam-engines, and boilers ; sheet lead, 
white lead, chemical preparations, turpentine, etc. ; worsted 
and silk fringes and lining : patent leather, liats, shoes, 
cabinet-ware, etc. Steam-power is employed by about 30 
establishments. There is 1 bank, capital »I50,000 ; one in- 
stitution for savings, 2 insurance companies, and churches, 
several of which are located on elevated positions, and make 
a beautiful appearance. The Boston and Providence U. E. 
passes through the city, and is much used by the citizens 
in passing to and from Boston. Several lines of omnibuses 
afford constant communication with the city. The "Nor- 
folk County Journal" (whig), and " Eoxbury Advertiser" 
(neut), are issued weekly. 

Eoxbury was incorporated as a town Sept 2S, 1630 (m 
the same year with- Boston); and as a city, March 12, 1S40. 
The territory of the city is 7} m. long, 2J m. broad, and 
comprises an area of 10.CS6 acres. It is governed by a 
Mayor, Board of Aldermen, and Common Council, elected 
annually. Excellent provisions arc made for public schools, 
etc. The following table exhibits the valuation of estates 
in Eoxbury, from 1S37 to 1S4S inclusive : 

Vain.ition. ( Year. 
...16,941,600 I 1S45 
... 7,341,600 I 1S46 
... 7,710,000 1847 
. . . S,573,600 I 1S48 



ROY 

supplied with water, until the opening of the Cochituate 
Aqueduct, in 184?. The Forest Hills Cemetery is situated a. 
short distance from the city, on the Dedham turnpike. This 
beautiful city of the dead has an area of about 70 acres. 
The grounds are picturesquely diversifled, and ahouudmg 
with trees, shrubbery, and flowers. Uere are monuments 
of General Joseph Warren, who fell at the battle of Bunker 
Hill, .June 17. 1776 ; and of Kev. John Eliot, the " Apostle 
of liie Indians." who was pastor of llie ftrst church in Eox- 
bury for 5S years— from 1632 until his death, in 1600. Tho 
entrance is an ornamental structure, in the Egyptian style. 
On one of the highlands in the city still remains, in a very 
perfect state of preservation, the breastwork and inlrench- 
ments of a large military forlre.w eonstructe.l at that period. 
The population of Eoxbury at different periods is as follows : 



Year. 


Pop. 


1765 ... 


....1.487 


1790 ... 


....2,226 


ISOO . . . 


....2,765 



Year. Pop. 

ISIO 3,669 

IS20 4.136 

11830 8,247 



Year. Pop. 

1S40 9,ns9 

1850 18.373 



Year. 


Valuation. 


Year. 


1887.. 


..$5,875,000 


1841. 


1888,. 


.. 6,979,900 


1842. 


1839.. 


.. 6,4:58,600 


1848. 


1840.. 


.. 6,721,000 


1844. 



Valuation. 

$9,509,800 
12,531,100 
12,628,300 
13,192,600 



In the W. part of the t is an extensive level, on which is 
situated the beautiful p. v. of Jamaica Plams, near Jamaica 
Pond, from which Boston was, to a considerable extent, 
788 



EoxnuET, t and p. o., Cheshire co., K Hump. : 89 m. 
N. W. by W. Concord. Surface rough and uneven, but has 
excellent grazing land. Drained by N. branch of Ashuelot 
r.. which forms Its W. boundary, and in its S. part by Eoar- 
ing brook. On its E. side is Eoaring Brook pond, at the 
outlet of which are mills. Incorporated in 1812. Pop. in 
1S40, 286 ; in 1S50, 260. 

EoxntTEV, t. and p. o., Delaware Co., iV. Y. : 4S m. 3. W. 
Albany. Surface hilly and mountainous, the Cattskill 
Mountains passing through its E. portion ; soil s.aniiy loam, 
very productive in the valleys. Drained S. by the Papacton 
branch of Delaware r. The inhabitants are chiefly engaged 
In agricultural pursuits. Pop. in 1840, 3,013 ; in 1850, 2,863. 

EoxBUEY. p. v.,Franklin co., Pe:in.: on N.side of Cone- 
dogwinnet cr., and E, side of Blue M.Hintain, 42 m. W. by S. 
Harrisburg, It contains a charcoal forge, constructed 1790, 
which. In 1S49, made 90 tons of bars, employing 10 men. 

Eo-xBHEY, t., p. v., and sta., Wosliington eo„ Venn. : 15 m. 
S. by W. Montpelier. Surface elevated and uneven ; soil 
fJrtile. Drained by head branches of Dog and W bite rivera, 
the former aflVirds water-power. Iron ore is found in Uie 
S. E. parU First settled in 1789. The Vermont Central 
E. E. passes through the t., CO m. ft-om Windsor, and 97 m. 
from Rouse's Point. Pop. of I. 967. 

Roxo, p. o., Marquette county. Wise. : 52 m. N. N. E. 
Madison. 
EoxoBEt, p. o., Bertie county, If. Cur. : 97 m. E. by N 

K'''<''S''- , ., „. 

UovAL Cestke, p. o., Cass county, Jnd.: 65 m. N, 

Indianapolis. 

EovAL OAti, p. o., Talbot county, Md. : 24 m. E. S. E. 
Annapolis. 

EoYAL Oak, t, p. v., and sta., Oakland co,, ITidi. : 78 m. 
E. S. E. Lansing. Drained in N. part by Ecd r., and in S. 
part by Bloody Eun. The Detroit and Ptmtiac E. E. passes 
through the v., 12 from Detroit, and 13 m. from Pontiac. It 
conlabis a steam saw-mill, a few stores, and has some man- 
utaclures. Pop. of L in 1840, 860 ; in 1S60, 1,092. 

RovAL Oaks. p. o., Cumbcrlaiul CO., I7cy. ; 73 m. W. by 8. 
Richmond. 

EoYAiOToN, t., p. v.. and sta., Worcester co., j)/<i.«. .• 61 m. 
W. N. W. Boston. Surface diversified ; soil generally pro- 
ductive, and upon the streams consists of excellent meadow 
land. Drained by Miller's r, and its tributaries. Several 
siiudl streams, one of which has a perpendicular fall of 20 
feet, and descends 100 feet in 40 rods, unite and form Tully 
r., which pours into Miller's r. a great quantity of water. 
These various streams afford good mill-siles. There are 2 
ponds wilhin i m. of each other, which vary in height 1.50 
feel, and abound with flsh. The t. w:u< first settled in 1754, 
and iucorp.. rated in 1765. The v. near the centre of the L 
i.s a handsome settlement. The Vermont and i\Ia«sachosett3 
v.. 1'.. passes through the S. part of the t., at Soutli Royal- 



ROY 



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Bton, 27 ra. from Fitebburg, Pop, of L in 1S40, 1,G67 ; in 
ISoO, 1,546. 

KoYALTON, p. v., Boone co., Ind. : on E. side of branch 
of Eagle cr, a tributary of W. fork of White r, 14 ni, N.W. 
Indianapolis. 

KoYALToN, t. and p. o., Ninirtira county, -A' Y,: 252 m. 
W. by N. Albany. Surface undulating; s<iil fertile calcan'ous 
loam. Watered by Tonawanda cr., wliich bounds il on tlie 
S. The t. contitiiis the villages "f Middleport and Gaspnrt. 
Tvhicli liiller d rives its namu from a spring of iuflinnniable 
natural gas. used to some extent. Tlie Krie Canal, and the 
Eochester, Lockport, and Niagara Falls 11* K. pass itirJtigh 
the town. Pop. in 1S40. 3,549; in ISoO. 4.024. 

KoYALToN, p. v., Fairfield co., Ohio : on S. side of branch 
of Litlli' Walnut cr., 21 m. S. E. by S. Columbus. Contains 
a church and some stores. I*op. 252. 

lioYALTOx. t., p. v., and sta., Windsor co,, Vei^i.: i>,\ m. 
S. MonipL-lier. Surface brokt'ii and mount;iinou3: soil fer- 
tile. partii'ularly along White r., by which and its branches 
it is watered. The agricultural products are of considerable 
amount. Tlie v. is pleasantly situated on the bank of White 
r., and contains a handsome churcli, aciniemy, stores, etc. 
It was first settled in 1771. and suffered inueh from Indian 
hostilities. The Vermont Central li. U. passes through it, 
123 m. froui Rouse's Point, 43 m. from Monlpelier, and 34 m. 
from Windsor. Pop. of t. in 1S40. 1.917; in lS5i', ],*50. 

KoYEit's Ford. p. o. and sta., Montgomery co., Pe/in, : 
SI m. E. IlarrisbuTg. on the N. bank of Schuylkill r., and 
on Philadelphia and r^eading li. U., 32 m. from Phila- 
delphia. 

EorroN, p. o., Delaware county, ImL : 49 miles N, E. 
Indianapolis. 

EuARK. p. o., LansTcnce co., Til: on a small branch of 
Wabash r., 124 m. S. E. Springfield. 

liucKEHSviLLK, p. V., Elbert CO.. Ga. : nn N. side of Van's 
cr., SO m. N. N. E. Milledgeville. Contains a Baptist church, 
academy, several stores and dwellings. 

ErcKF.nsviLLE, p. o., Tippah co., J/w.t. ; 176 m. N. N. E. 
Jackson. 

KfCKERSviLLE, p. V., Greene co., Vii-g. : 63 m. N. W. 
Richmond. 

EucKEP.viLLE, p. c, Clark eounly, Ky. : 45 ra. E. by S. 
Frankfort. 

ErcKMAXVTLLE, p. o., Highland county, Virg. : 127 m. 
W. N. W. Kiebmond. 

RtTDDLE's Mills, p. o., Bourbon co., K//. : 37 m. E. by N. 
Frankfort. 

Eude's Mills, p. o., Lewis co., Virg.: 1S5 ni. N. W. 
Richmond. 

EuGOLES, t and p. o., Ashland co., Ohio : 77 m. N. by E. 
Columbus. Drained by head branches of Verniillion river. 
Pop. 1,US5. 

Ki-MA, p. v., Randolph county, III. : 114 miles S. by W. 
Springfield. 

EuMFORD, t. and p. o., Oxford co,, J/i-, .• on N. W. side 
of Androscoggin r., 43 m. W. N. W. Augusta. The surface 
is somewhat tliversified. White Cap Mountain rise 6uO feet 
and Glass-face about 400 feet above the level of the sur- 
rounding country, and present beautiful views from their 
summits. The soil is fertile, adapted to crain. Drained by 
the Androscoggin and its branches, Ellis and ?wiU I^moks, 
■which together furnish a great water-power. Incorporated 
in ISOO. Pup. in 1S40, 1,444; in 1S50, 1.375. 

RtTMFonn Centre, p. o., Oxford co., 3fe. : 45 m. W. N.W. 
Augusta. 

EuMFOitD Point, p, o., Oxford co., Me: 46 m. W. N. W. 
Augusta. 

EuMMERFiELD Creek, p. o., Bradfopi CO., Penn. : 116 m. 
N. by E. Harrisburg. 

EuMxEY, t., p. o., and sta., Oration co., N. Ilnmp. : 45 m. 
N. N. W. Concord. Surface is uneven, and abounds with 
beautiful scenery; soil moderately fertile. Drained hy 
Baker's r. and its branches. First settled in 1765. It con- 



tains gevefal taimorics, saw-mills, and spires. The Boston, 
Concord, and Montreal E. E. passes its 8. part, 59 m. from 
Concord. Pop. in 1830.993: in lft40, I,ll(i; in 1^50, 1,109. 

El-mney, p. v„ Mecklenburg co., Ki/. : 141 m. W. S. W. 
Frankfort, 

EcNDEi.L's, p. a, Crawford co., Pain. : ISfi \w. N. W. 
Harrisburg. 

EtTi-Eax. t.. p. V,, and sta., Benninirton co.. Htw. .■ 79 m. 
8. W. MuTilpelier. Surliiee niount:unou3; s'.il gnod for 
grazinu'. Watered by Pa\\let r. and While cr. of Batten- 
kill, which alTord water-power, improved by mills of various 
kinds. Some fine cattle are rai.'ied and large nuniliers of 
sheep. First settled in 17G7. The Eulland and Washing- 
ton U. E. ])asses throuirh the t., 3Ci in. from Eutlaod, 49 m. 
from Troy. Poj). of t. in IS40. l,nHf; ; in IS.'iO, l.liil. 

EuRAL. p. o., ClernKiut co., Ohii) : 86 m. S. W. Columbus. 

Eur.AL, p. o., Jasper eo.. Mo. : 92 m. S.W. JelTerson City. 

EoRAL Hill, p. o., Wilson CO., Tenn.: 15 m. E. Nashville. 

Eur.AL IIiLL, p. 0., Jelfersou co,, A'! Y. : 142 miles N. W. 
Albany. 

litrKAL Retreat, p. o., Wyihe co., Virg. : 208 m. W. by 9. 
Eichmond. 

EirRAL Vale, p. o., Lapeer co,, Mtvh. : 8S m. E, N. B. 
Lansing. • 

El'ual Valley, p. o., Arraslrong county, Penn. : 132 nu 
W. N. W. Harrisburg. 

Ersn county, /nd. Situate toward the S. E., and contains 
442 sq. ra. Drained- by Big and Litlle Blue rivers, and Big 
and Little Flat Eock creeks, by which fine water-power is 
gained. Surface undulating or rolling, with occasional 
riitges of low hills; soil a rich vegetable mold, an<l very fer- 
tile. Chief productions wheat, Indian corn, potritoes, and 
tobacco. There is much fiue grazing land in the co., and 
large numbers of cattle, .sheep, and hogs are fattened and 
exported. Fine timber is found on the land. Farms 1,809; 
manuf. 59 ; dwell. 2,824, and pop.— wh. 16.226. fr. col. 219— 
total 16.445. Ciipital: Eushville. Pnhlio Work.^ : Juno 
tioiL E. E.; Slielbyville and Eushvitle E. E. : Shelbyville 
and Kaiglitstown E, E.; Central E. E. ; Lawrenceburg 
and Upper Hi.ssissippi E. K. 

Rush, t. and p. v., Monroe co., 2^. Y. : on E. side Genesee 
r., 201 ra. W. by N. Albany. Surface undulating ; soil very 
fertile, producing large crops of wheat and other grain 
Drained by Iloneoye cr., flowing W. through its centre into 
Genesee r. The v. on Iloneoye cr. contains 2 taverns, 3 
ehurehes, 4 stores, a flouring an<l saw mill, ashery, cardinj^ 
niaehiite. an<l about 200 inhabitants. Pop. of town in 1340? 
1,929; in 1S50, 2,015. 

Eusii, t. and p. o., Susquehanna co., Peyin. : on Wyaln- 
sing creek, lUS m. N. N. E. Harrisburg. Surface hilly ; soil 
gravelly loam. It contains several laimeries, grisi and saw 
mills, and has .some manufactures. Po|>. about 1,200. 

Ersii, 1. anil p, o., Tuscarawas co., Ohio: 86 m. E. N. E. 
C-filunii>us. W^itereil by branches of Tuscarawas river, and 
cnniaius several grist, saw, and flouring mills. Pop. in 
1S40, 1,203; in 1850, 1,332. 

Eusn, t and p. c, Shiawassee Co., Midi.: on W. side of 
Shiawassee r., 25 ra. N. E. Lansing. Pop. about 100. 

Ersn. p. c, Jo Daviess co., HI. : 175 ra. N. by W. 
SprinL'field. 

Ei;sii BtirroM, p. o., Holt county, J/o. ; 194 miles N. W. 
Jefferson Cily. 

Ei'sn Creek, p. c, Union county, Ohio: 41 miles N. W. 
Cohmibus. 

Ei'snFOED, t. and p. v., Allegany county, iV 1* ; 230 m. 
W. l)y S. Albany, Surface undulaling; soil clay loam and 
gravelly mold, well adapted to gra.s3. Drained E, by Cold 
cr. of Genesee r. The v. is a thriving business place, con- 
taining 2 eburches, 3 t.averus, several mills and stores, and 
abi>ut suO inhabitants. Population of I. in 1840, 1,512; in 
1850. l.!-06. 

Eisu Lake, p. o., Fond du Lac co., Wise. : 65 m. N. N. E 
MadisoiL 

« 739 



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RUT 



lirsn Tower, p. o., Jefferson co.. Mo. : on "W. bank of 
Mississippi r., 107 ni. E. by S. Jefferson City. 

EcsHTOWN, p. 0.. Northumberland county, Penn. : 45 m. 
N. by E. Ilarrisburg. 

KrsHviLLK, t., p. v., and cap. Schuyler co.. Hi. : 52 m. 
W. N. W. Spring-field. Is a handsome and fiourJshinsr v. 
pleasantly located at the 9. end of a beautiful fertile prairie, 
skirted by fine timber at the head of a small stream. It 
contains a brick court-house 2 stories high, a jail, and 4 
churches. The " Prairie Telegraph" (neut.) ia issued 
■weekly. Pop. about 1,000. 

ErSHViLi-E, p. v., sta., and cap. Eush co., IrifJ.: on N. 
bank of Big Flat Eock or., 3S m. E. by S. Indianapolis. It 
was first settled in 1S21, and contains a court-house, jail, 3 
churches, several mills and stores. Two newspapers are 
published weekly, *' Eepublican'' (whig), and " Jacksonian" 
(dem.) The Eushville and Shelbyville E. E. extends hence 
to Shelbyville 20 m., and is part of an extensive line of rail- 
road now constructing across the State. Pop. in 1S50, 2,10S. 
EusnviLLE, p. v.. Yates co., y. }'; 177 m. W. Albany. 
Is a thriving v., containing 2 churches, academy, 2 taverns, 
2 furnaces, mills, stort-s, etc., and about 600 inhabitants. 

EueirvTLLK, p. v., Fairfield co., Ohio: on TrV. side of Eush 
or., 33 m. E. S. E. Culumbus. It contains 60 dwellings, and 
800 inhabitants, and several mills in the vicinity. 

EcsirrrLLE. p. v., Susquehanna county, Fenn,: 106 m. 
N. N. E. Harrisburg. 

EusHTLVANiA, p. o., Logau county, Ohio : 49 miles N. "W. 
Columbus. 

EusK county, Tecc. Situate TV. toward the N., and con- 
tains 1,134 sq. m. Drained by branches of Angelina and 
Atloyac rivers. Surface undulating ; soil very fertile, and 
adapted to the growth of cotton, corn, fniits, etc. Pine lim- 
ber is abundant Farms 567 ; manuf. 15 ; dwell. 1.045, and 
pop.— wh. 6,012, fr. col. 0, si. 2,13&— total S,14S. Capital : 
Henderson. 

EirsK, p. o., Haywood county, Ttmru: 141 m. "W. S. W. 
Nashville. 

EusK. p. v., and cap. Cherokee county, Tko. ; 190 miles 
N. E. by E. Austin City. Fop. 332. 

EusK, p. o., Surry county, N. Car.: 120 m. W. N. "W. 
Ealeigh. 

Russell county, Ala. Situate toward the S., and con- 
tains S5S sq. m. Drained by branches of Chattahoochee r., 
■which forms its E. boundary. Surface undulating ; s-_^il fer- 
tile, ^d is well adapted to cotton, a large quantity of which 
isi)rotluced in the county. The land is rich and productive, 
and flue crops of wheat and com are raised. It has some 
good timber land. Farms 1,049; manuf. 4; dwell. 1,411, 
and pop.— wh. 8,405, fr. col. 32, si. 11,111— total 19,54S. 
Capital: Crawford. PuUic Works: Girard and Mobile 
R. E. ; Montgomery and West Point E. E. 

EusSELL county, Ky. Situate S. toward the E., and con- 
tains 316 sq. m. Drained by Cumberland river and its 
branches. Surface undulating; soil fertile, and adapted to 
grain ; a portion of the land is devoted to pasturage. Chief 
productions, rice, cotton, and tobacco. Farms 665 ; manuf. 
13; dwell. 840, and pop.— wh. 4,901. fr. col. IS. al, 4;J.>— total 
5.349. Capit<d : Jamestown. Public Works : Lexington 
and M'Minnville E. E. 

EiTSsELL county, Virg, Situate S. "W., and contains 1,312 
sq. m. Drained by Clinch r. and head branches of W. fork 
of Sandy river. Surface much broken an«l rocky, consisting 
principally of mountain ranges anil valleys; soil fertile. 
Chief products wheat and Indian com. Farms 942; manuf. 
14; dwell. 1,786, and pop.— wh. 10,867, fr. col. 70, si. 932— 
total 11,919. Capital : L^■ban^n. 

EcssELL, t., p. v., and sta., Ilnmpden county, ^fa■.n. : on 
Westfleld r., 94 m. W. by S. Boston. Surface elevated and 
mountainous, abounding with wild and romantiir scencrj'. 
Some of the high lands afford good grazing, and in the val- 
leys are tracts of fertile meadow. Wcsifield river and its 
main branch, which flow rapidly through it, afford an im- 
740 • 



mouse water-power, improved by a few factories. Stone 
wood, and other building materials arc abundant. The 
VTeslern E. E. passes through the t., 13 m. from Springfield, 
116 miles from Boston. Incorporated in 1792. Population 
of t. 521. 

EcssELL, t. and p. o., St. Lawrence co., N. T. : 151 m. 
N. N. W. Albany. Surface somewhat uneven ; soil sandy 
and clay loam, well adapted for grazing. Drained N. by 
Grass river flowing through its centre. Tbe v, is a small 
settlement containing a State arsenal, several saw-mills, a 
tannery, etc. Pop. of t. in 1S40, 1,373; in 1S50, l.SOS. 

EussELL, t. and p. o., Geauga co., Ohio: 130 m. N. E. 
Columbus. "Watered by the N. head branch of Chagrino 
river, and contains several saw and grist mills, etc. Pop. 
in 1840, 742; in 1850,1,033. 

EussELL, p. o., Atcheson county, Mo. : 213 miles N. "W. 
Jefferson City. 

EussELL UiLL, p. 0., Wyoming co., Penn. : 92 m. N. N. E, 
Harrisburg. 

lirssELL Place, p. o., Kershaw district, S. Car.: 40 m. 
N. E. Columbia. 

Eussell's Coknees, p. o., Sauk co., Wise. : 33 ra. N. W. 
Madison. 

Eussell'9 Mills, p. o., Tyler co., Virg. : 2-31 m. N, W, 
Eichmond. 

ErssELL's Mills, p. o,, Parke county, Ind.:^ m. W. 
Indianapolis. 

Eussell's Place, p. c, Lawrence county, Ohio: 90 m- 
S. by E. Columbus. 

Eussell's Stoke, p. o., Boone co., Ul. : 174 m. N. by E. 
Springfield. » 

Eussellsvtlle, p. v., and cap. Franklin county, Ala. : on 
Cedar cr., a branch of Bear cr., which flows into the Ten- 
nessee river, 167 m. N. N. W. Montgomery. It contains a 
court-house, j.ail, and some 30 dwellings. 

ErssELLTiLLK, p. 0., Mouroe co., Ga. : 49 m. W. by S. 
Milledgeville. 

EussELLviLLE, p. V., LawrcncB co.. III.: on Wabash r., 
174 m. E. S. E. Springfleld. 

EussELLTiLLE, p. V., Putuam CO., Jnd.: between small 
branches of Little Eaccoon creek, 44 miles W. by N. 
Indianapolis. 

EussELLTiLLE, p. V.. and cap. Logan co., Ky.: 144 m. 
S. W. Frankfort. It contains a court-house, jail, seminar)', 
and two churches. The " E. Herald" (whig) is published 
weekly. Pop. 1,272. 

ErssELLviLLE, p. V., Browu CD.^Ohio: 73 m. S. S. W. 
Columbus. Pop. 8S6. 

ErssELLTiLLE, p. V., Colc couDty, Mo.: 15 m. W. by S. 
Jefferson City. 

EussELLviLLE, p. T., Chester co., Penn. : 56 m. E. S. E. 
Harrisburg. 

EussELLTiLLE, p. 0., Jcffcrsou county, Ten7i. : 201 ra. E. 
Nashville. 

EussELSEUEG, p. T., WarTcn CO., Penn.: on W. side of 
Conewango cr., 164 m. N. W. Ilarrisburg. 

EussiA. t. and p. v., Herkimer co.. K. Y. : 91 m.N.W. byW. 
Albany. Surface high and hilly; soil sandy loam and clay, 
well adapted to grass. Drained S. by West Canada creek. 
The v. contains a ehm-ch, a few stores and mills, and about 
250 inhabitants. Pop. of L in 1340, 2.293 ; in 1S50, 2,349. 

EussiAviLLE, p. v., Clinton co., Ind. : 33 m. N. by W. 
Indianapolis. 

EuTERSviLLE, p. V., Fayette county. Tea;: on the main 
post-ri>ad from Lagrange to Washington, and Eocky creek 
of Colorado r. 6" m. E. S. E. Austin City. 

EuTiTERFORD couftv, IT. Car. Situate toward the S. W., 
and contains 859 sq. m. Drained by head branches of 
Broad r. Surface varied, some portions being rather hilly, 
but most generally level; soil in some places very fertile, 
whilf in others it is poor and unfit for cultivation. It is 
generally well adapted to grazing. Chief productions, cot- 
ton, tobacco, wheat, and Indian corn. Farms 959 ; manuf 



RUT 



SAB 



28; dwell. 1,S33, aad pop.— wh. 10,42.5, fr. col. 220. si. 2,9n5 
—total 13,650. Capital: Rutherford ton. 

KuTHERFOKD couHty, Teun. Situate centrally, and con- 
tains 4S\ sq. m. Stone r. passes through the N. E. portion, 
by which and its branches and small affluents of Cumber- 
land r. it is drained. Surface hilly; soil very fertile, and 
produces abundantly cotton, tobacco, wheat, grain, trnits. 
etc. Agriculture is the leading pursuit with a large num- 
ber of the population. A portion of the land is well tim- 
bered, and some minerals are to be found. Farms l,.")!!? ; 
manuf. 41 ; dwell. 2.S95, and pop.— wh. 16.914, fr. ool. m\ 
' si. 11.97S— total 29,122. O'ptUU: Mnrfrcesboro*. Public 
Works: Nashville and Chaltanonga E. R. 

RuTHERFOEDTON, p. V., and cap. Rutherford co., JV: Car. ; 
193 m. W. by S. Raleigh. Situated on a branch of Broad 
river, and contains a court-house, jail, academy, hotels, and 
flouring-mills. The "Mountain Banner" (State rights) is 
pubUshed weekly. Pop. 39S, 

EuTnEn Glenn, p, o., Caroline county, Virff. : 33 m. N. 
Bichniond. 

Rutland county, Veitn, Situate E. toward the S.. and 
contains 94S sq. m. Drained by Otter cr., and Black. While, 
Pawli't.and Queechee rivers. Surface elevated, and in parts 
mountainous; but on Otter cr. are some portions of ft-rtiie 
land ; soil various — in most parts well suited for p.^sture, 
Iron ore of a good quality is found here, and some quarries 
of excellent marble, much of which is exported. Chief 
products, wheat and Indian com. This county has good 
water privileges. Farms 2,66S; manuf. 275; dwell. 5.601, 
and pop.— wh. 32,939, fr. col. 120— total 33,059. Capital: 
Rutland. Public Works: Rutland and Burlington R. R. ; 
Western Vermont R. R. ; Rutland and Washington R. R. 

Rutland, I. and p. v., Worcester co., Jfa^s. : 47 m. W. 
BostoiL Situated on the height of land between the sea 
and Connecticut r. Surface uneven and hilly; soil best 
adapted to grazing ; watered by a branch of Ware river, 
which affords power for several mills. This t.. furinerly 12 
miK!S square, was bought of the Indians for £23 in 16S6, and 
incorporated in 1714. The v., in the central part of the t., 
contains a town-house, academy, handsome Congregational 
church, several neat dwellings, and has some manufac- 
tures. Pop. 1,223. 

Rutland, t. and p. o., Jefferson co.. ^V. Y. : 140 m. N. W. 
Albany. Surface undulating ; soil fertile loam, underlaid by 
limestone. Drained S. W. by Sandy cr. and by Black r., 
which forms its N. boundary. In this t. and vicinity are 
found remains of Indian fortifications. It has seme manu- 
factures, several tanneries, saw, grist, and fulling mills. 
Pop. in 1S41J, 2,090 ; in 1S50, 2.265. 

Rutland, L and p. v., Meigs county, Ohio : on N. side of 
Leading creek, a tributary of the Ohio. 77 m. S. E. by S. 
Columbus, containing several tanneries, grist, and saw 
mills, and has some manufactures. Pop. of i. in 1S40, 1,410 ; 
in 1S50, 1,745. 

Rutland, t. and p. o., Tioga county, P^ttn. : 104 ra. N. 
Hamsburg. Surface hilly; soil gravelly loam ; contains a 
few mills. Pop. about 750. 

Rutland, t., p. v., sta., and cap. Rutland co.. Verm. : on 
Otter rr. .50 m. S. S. W. Montpelier. Surface of t. uneven ; 
soil various, frnm a strong loam to a light sand, but gen- 
erally fertile. Drained by Otter cr. and its branches, which 
afford water-power, and by a branch of Caslleton r. Iron 
ore of gm>d quality is f'>und ; also, lime, and a great abund- 
ance of wdiitc and beautifully variegated marble, of which 
several quarries are extensively worked. The t was char- 
tered in 1T61, anil settled about 1770. During the Revolu- 
tionary War it was a frontier town, through which was the 
only military road frr)m Charlest'iwn, N. Hamp., to Ticon- 
deroga and Crown Point, on Lake Champluin. The t. is 
divided into two parishes. East and West; the former con- 
tains Itutland village, the most important place: in the 
lattt'r are two small villages. West Rutland, and Hookkin's 
Falls. Rutland village has an elevated situation, is i ell | 



built, containing many handsome dwellings, and WiL«! incor- 
porated in 1S47. Three iniporiant r.-iilroads pass through 
it: Rmland and Burlington R.R.,53 m.fn.m B.'llows Falls, 
and (J7 m. from Buriington ; Rutland and W;ushington II. R. 
from Troy S5 m. ; and Western Vermont R. R. from Troy, 
fia N. Bentiinglon. S3 m., the opening of which b:is gi\^n 
a powerful impelus to the prosperiiy of the village and 
town. It contains a court-house, jail, 1 bank. cap. $150,000, 
and 3 churches. Here are located ihe machine-sli«'ps and 
engine-houses of the Western Vermont R. R.. and .some 
large manufactories of marl>le, iron, slate, leather, cabinet 
furniture, etc. The "R. Herald" (whig), an.l "Vermont 
Union Whig," are issued weekly. The tuwn of Rutland 
ranks as the second in agricultural and the first in miner.il 
productions in the Slate. Population of u in 1S40, 2,70S; 
in 1^50. 8,715. 

Rutland, t. and p. o., Dane co.. Wise: 24 m. S. S. E. 
Madison. Soil excellent, watered by branch of Catfish cr. 
of Rock r. Pop. 792. 

Rutland Centre, sta.. Rutland coimly, rer7n.: 2 m, N. 
^tutland, on Rutland and Burliiiirton R. R. 

RuTLEDGE, p. v., and cap. Grainger co., Teym. : ISl m. E. 
Nasli\ille. It contains a courl-huuse, jail, and a!)out 100 
iuhabitanls. 

RuTLEDGE, p. v., and cap. M'Donald co., 3fo. : on S. side 
of Elk r., 1S3 m. S. W. Jefferson City. 

Rye. t. and p. o., Rockingham co., K //(imp.: ou the 
Atlantic shore, 41 m. E. S. E. Concord. The surface lias 
considerable sandy beach and salt meadow, which yields 
large qnantities of grass. It has a harbor near Goss Mill, 
admitting, at high water, vessels of 75 or SO tons, and from 
which the fisheries are carried on. Chartered in 1719. Pop. 
in 1S40, 1.205; in ISoO, 1,296. 

Rye. t.. p. v., and sta., Westchester co., K Y. : 114 m. S. 
Albany. Surface, uneven an<i stony ; soil, clay loam ; drained 
on the E. by Bjram r., and on the W. by Blind brook, both 
fiowing into Long Island Sound, which bounds it on the S. 
The v., situated 1 m. N. of the sound, contains 3 churches, 
an aca<iemy. 2 taverns, a few stores, and about 25'i inhabit- 
ants. The New York and New Haven R. R. passes through 
it, 27 m. from New York, and 49 m. from New Haven. 
Pop. oft. in 1340, 1,S03; in 1S50, 2.5S4. 

Ryb Cove, p. o., Scott county, Virg. : 2S1 m. W. by S. 
Richmond. 

Ryegate, t, p. v.. and sta., Caledonia co., Venn. : on W. 
bank of Connecticut r., 25 m. E. by S. Montpelier. There is 
not much intervale land on the r., but the soil is generally 
productive; it is best adapted to grazing, and large numbers 
of sheep are kept. Watered by Wells r., which affords 
water-power, some smaller streams, and several ponds. At 
Canoe Falls, in Connecticut r., against the middle of the t, 
is a dam across tlie r., which affords extensive water-power. 
Chartered in 1763, and first settled in 1774, by emigrantfi 
from Scotland, from whom a large part of the present inhab- 
itants have o^scended. They are chiefly devoted to a^ri- 
cullural pursuits, are industrious and frugal. The t. contains 
2 churches— Presbyterian and Associate Reformed— 2 tan- 
neries, and several saw-mills. The Connecticut and Pas- 
sunisic Rivers R. R. passes through the t., 44 m. from While 
River Junction, and 16 m. from St Johnsbury. Pop. in 
l*io, 1.119 ; in l'^40, 1.223 ; in 1S50. 1.606. 

Rterson'r Station, p. o., Greene county, Penn. : 153 m. 
W. by S. Harrisburg. 

Rye Vallf.v, p. o., Smyth co , Vtrg.: 231 m. W. by 9. 
Richmi'ud. 

RvL\SD*s DepSt, p. o. and sta., Greenville co., Virg. : on 
Greenville, Gaston, and Raleigh R. R., 10 m. from Hicks- 
ford, 76 ra. from Richmond. 



S. 



SAnATCS, p. 0., Lincoln Co., ^fe.: on branch of Androa- 
coggin r., in t. of Webster, 24 m. S. W. by S. Augusta. 

741 



SAB 



SAO 



S ABBATn Dat Point, iV. 3'. ; on W. side of Lake George, 
In t- of Hager ; derives its name from Iho landing of some 
English troops on Uie Sabbath day, during the old French 
"War, and their destruction by Indiana. 

SA.DILLI6VILLE, p. V,, Frederick co., Md. : on a branch of 
the Monocaey r., 95 ni. N. W. Annapolis. 

^ABiNA, p. v., Clinton co., Ohio: on a branch of Kattle- 
snake cr, 116 ni. S. W. Columbus. The Cincinnati, Wil- 
mington, and Zanesville K. E. will pass through it. 

Sabine parish, La. Situate W., and contains 1,287 aq. m. 
Drained by Haspoon, Negret, and I^nnacoco. bayous. Sur- 
fhce generally level ; soil fertile, and along the bunks of Sabhie 
r., which bounds it on the W., are large tracts of lund which 
prove productive with cultivation. Chief products, Indian 
corn, cotton, etc. Farms 522, manuf. 5, dwell. G32, and pop. 
— wh. 3,347, fr. col. 0, al. 1,16S— total 4,515. CapiUil : 
Manny. 

Sabine cminty, 7kr. Situate E., and contains S09 aq. m. 
Drained by affluents of Sabine r., which forms its eastern 
boundary, and by Bear or. in the S. W. Surface undulat- 
ing ; soil varied ; in the "W. and S. W., the land being gen- 
erally rich and productive, and adapted to the growth of ■ 
cotton, wheat, corn, and fruit, and a large portion is cov- 
ered with timber. Farms 171, manuf. 12, dwell. 2SS, and 
pop.— wh. 1,556, fr. col. 0, si. 942— total 2,493. Capital: 
Milan. 

Sabine river, Tea: and La. : is formed at the S. boundary 
of Hunt CO., Tex., in lat. 33° 50' N., by the confluence of 3 
principal head branches, viz., Cow Leech, Caddo, and "West 
fork— tlio two former rising by several creeks in the N. 
part of Hunt co. From its source it flows E. S. E. 120 lo. in 
very direct course toward the E. boundary of the State, 
aulil, at the middle of the N. boundary of Panola co., when 
19 m. from the E. boundary line, it takes a more S. E. course 
through Panola co., and reaches the boundary al the S. E. 
cornt-r of the co., in lat. 32^ N., and thereafter forms, in its 
southerly course to the Gulf of Mexico, the boundary line 
between this State and Louisiana. Before it reaches the 
Gulf, it expands into Sabine Lake, 30 m. long, and averag- 
ing S m. wide; but on leaving the lake, 7 in. above the Gulf, 
it contracts to its usual width, which it retains until it enters 
the Gulf of Mexico, in lat. 29^ 40' 4S" N., long. Sl^ 35' W. 
In low stages of water it has 4 feet of water on the bar at its 
mouth. Its entire length is about 300 ni. It is navigable 
150 m., and farther up for keel boats. Its upper portions 
water the most hilly parts of the Slate, and have a rapid 
CurrL-nl. Along Sabine co. it is generally 100 yards wide, 
and from 6 to S feet deep. In its lower course it passes 
through a sandy tract of land. 

Sabink Citv, p. v., .Teflerson co., Tf'O'. : at the outlet of the 
lake so called, about ID ra. from the Gulf, 239 m. E. by S. 
Austin City. The harbor is excellent, admitting vessels 
drawing 9 feet of water. The trade of the settlements ou 
the Sabine, Neches, and tributaries will no doubt centre 
here, and in a few years it will rank with importance among 
the cities of the republic. 

Sabinesvillk, p, 0., Tioga co., Pmn. : 101 m. N. by "W. 
Harrisburg. 

Saiune Town, p. v., Sabine co., Tt^x. : on the right bank 
of the river so called, below the confluence of Palo Gacho 
bayou, 257 m. E. N. E. Austin City. 

SABAuotTGLY, p. V., Yallabusha co., J/i-w. .• near a fork of 
^e Yallabusha r., 109 m. N. by E. Jackson. 

Sable cai>e, F^or. : the most southerly point of the main- 
land of the peninsula, in lat. 24^ 50' N., and long. 51° 15' W. 
On it is siluated Fort Poinsett. 

Sable river, 2^. Y. See Au Sabi.e river. 

Sabula. p. v., Jackson co., Ja, : near the Mississippi r., 
74 m. E. N. E. Iowa City. 

Sao county, la. Situate toward the N. W., and contains 
576 sq. m. Drained by Soldier and Bnycr rivers, tributaries 
of Missouri r. Surface generally level ; soil fertile. Set off 
Binco 1650. 



Sac river, 3fo. : rises in Lawrence and Greene counties, 
flows N., and enters Osage r. in St. Clair county. 

Sacandaga river, Al T. : rises in several small lakes in 
Hamilton county, and after a winding E. course, enters 
Iludson r. opposite Luzerne village, Warren county. 

Saccarapfa, p. v. and sta., Cumberland eo.. Jle.: on the 
Presumpscot r. and York and Cumberland K. R., 7 m. from 
Portland, 54 ra. S. by E. Augusta. Great water-power is 
here afforded, and improved by numerous saw-mills, etc-, 
and a large brick cotton-raill» containing 104 looms and 
2,900 spindles. 

Sacket'^, p. 0., Macomb county, Mich. : 84 m. E. by S. 
Lansing. 

Sackett's Harbor, p. v. and port of entry, Jeflferson co., 
y. Y.: on Black River bay, at E. end of Lake Ontario, 
154 m. N. W. Albany. Lat. 43^ 55' N., long. 75^ 57' "W. 
This harbor is one of the liest and most secure on the lake, 
and was an important naval station during the last war with 
Great Britain. On 2Sth May, 1S13, a sharp contest here 
took place between the American and British forces, result- 
ing in the defeat of the British ; and subsequently another, 
ou 30th May, 1S14, with the same success. During the war 
the V. increased with great rapidity, and at its close expe- 
rienced a decline, from which it has now fully recovered. 
In 1S14 the United States goverimieut here commenced the 
erection of the Madison Barracks, which consist of three 
extensive stone barracks, liospital, commissary's store-house, 
guard-house, and other buildings, affording accommodation 
for 2.000 troops, ocrujiying a lot of about 40 acres, fronting 
on the bay. In the military burying grounds attached to 
the barracks is a monument to the brave General Pike, who 
fell ou the N. frontier during the last war. The government 
lias also a ship-yard and ship-houses, in one of which the 
New Orleans, a 110 gun ship, commenced during the war, 
remains upon the stocks. 

The v., incorporated in 1S14, has considerable manufac- 
tures, and trade by the lake and the river St. Lawrence. A 
good water-power has been obtained by the construction of 
a canal from the Black r., a distance of 12 m., executed by 
the citizens at a cost of $25,000. and affording a fall of 30 
feet, improved by various mills, machine shops, etc. There 
are 3 churches, 1 bank — cap. .|2n0.i*00, 4 hotels, 2 furnaces, 
etc. The "S. II. Observer" (whig) is issued weekly. A 
railroad is in construction, to connect at Pierrepont with the 
Watertown and Rome R. R. On SOIh June, 1S50, the ton- 
nage of Sackelt's Harbor district was 8,124 tons, alt of which 
was enrolled and licensed, permanent, and employed in 
the coasting trade. During the year preceding the number 
of clearances ft>r foreign ports was 259 — 142,799 tons ; No. 
of entrances do.. 279— 158,169 tons; of all which tonnage 
about ton-elevenths was American. Vessels built during 
the year, none. During the year 1S49 Uie value of the 
amount of trade of this port with Canada alone w%3 — im- 
ports. $26,564 ; exports, $26,446— total, $53,010. 

Saco. t. p. v., and port of entry.York co., 3fe. : on N. side 
of Saco r., 67 m. S. S. W. .\ugusta. Lat. 43° 31' N., long, 
70° 26' W. By Portland, Saco, and Portsmouth R. R., 13 m. 
from Portland. 3S miles fn^m Portsmouth ; and thence by 
Eastern R. R.. 92 m. from Boston. The surface of the t. is 
somewhat uneven, and abounds with romantic and beauti- 
ful scenery. It lias fine interval land on the r.. by which 
it is well drained, and is also watered by several small 
streams (lowing from an immense bog. called the Heatli, on 
one of which is a line waterfall of 60 feet, surrounded by 
wild scenery. From the mouth of the r. a fine beach ex- 
tends along the shore about 5 miles to the E., called Old 
Orchard Beach, which is of considerable resort in summer. 
Another fine beach, of less extent, connects KK-lcher'a Neck 
with the main land, on which is a tavern. Saco v. is situ- 
ated about s m. from the moiith of the r., at the falls, where 
is a descent of 42 feet, presenting a beautiful appearance 
and affording' great water-power, and which has been ex- 
tensively improved. Just below Iho falls is a flue basin, 



SAC 



SAD 



where vessels take in their cargoes. The factories consist 
of 9 large cotlon-mills, 1 woolen-mill, uumertnis saw-nulls, 
and various mechanical establishments. The York Manu- 
facturing Co. have a capital of $1,000,000, manufaeturing 
colored and white colton goods, running 25,000 spiiulies, 
850 looms, and annually consume 7,000 bales of co;t<in. The 
Saco Water-power Co. have a capital of $2,000,000. The 
lumber business is very extensive, was commenct^d at a 
very early period, and for a long time was by far tlie chief 
business on Saco r. The v. contains 2 banks, with aggre- 
gate capital of $175,000, savings' institution, insurance com- 
pany, an acadftny, some handsome churt-hes, etc. The 
"Maine Democrat" and "The Union" (whi;;j) are i^^ued 
weekly. The l<ttal tonnage of, Saco district on 3("lh June, 
1S50, was 2,7-2-3 tons. The registered tonnage was I..')TO 
tons, consisting of S80 tons permanent, and l,2i0 tuns tem- 
porary. The enrolled and licensed tonnage was 1,153 tons, 
all permanent, employed as follows; coasting trade, 002 
tons; cod fishery, 3o3 tons; mackerel fishery, 24S tons. 
During the fiscal year preceding, the number of clearances 
for f ireign countries was 4 — 196 tons; No. of entrances do., 
2—213 tons. Vessels built during the year— 1 ship, 1,01S 
tons. Pop. of town in 1S30, 3,219; in 1S40, 4.40S; in 1S50, 
5,794. The v. of Biddeford, on the S. side of the r., in liid- 
deford t., is coimected with Saco by bridges, and closely 
united witli it in business relations, and at a little distance 
Uie two villages appear as one settlement. 

Saco river, Ji. Ihimp. and Me.: is formed in the White 
Mountains, N. Hanip., fron. 'hree smalLhead branches, the 
most N, of which rises within few rods of the source of 
Amraonoosuc r., which flows W o Connecticut river. Tlie 
Saco, in its general course, flows a S. E., and empties int(j 
Saco bay of the Atlantic. It enters Me. in Fryei>urg t., an<i 
in Cornish t. receives Ossipee r., the ouilel of Ossipce lake. 
Its entire length is about 160 m. It is much broken in its 
course by falls, preventing navigation, but affording great 
water-power. The principal falls are in Me., 4 in number, 
viz., Great Falls, at Hiram, 72 feet; Steep Falls, at Liming- 
ton, 2ofeft; S.almon Falls, at UolHs and Buxton, 30 feet; 
and Saco Falls, at Saco, 42 feet. Pine timber abounds upon 
its banks, funiishing supplies for numerous saw-mills. The 
ordinary rise of ihe water, in the spring, is from 10 to 15 
feet, but is much liigher in freshets, when the r. and its falls 
present a very grand appearance. 

SAruAMF.NTO counlv, Calif. Situate centrally, and con- 
tains 1.000 sq. m. Drained by American r. on the N., and 
Cosames and Mokelumne rivers on the S., all aftluenU of 
the Sacramento, which on the W. forms its boundary. Sur- 
face varied— in the E. somewhat mountainous. In 1H52 
there were invested in quartz raining $124,165, in placer 
mining $89,809, and in other mining operations $169,850 ; 
in live-stock $1,335,698, in farming, etc., $1,773,325, and 
otherwise $5,358,894. It is one of the richest counties in 
the State. Pop.— wh. 11,196, negroes 240, mulaltoes 98, In- 
dians 80, Chinese 804, etc.— total 12,5S9. Capital: Sacra- 
mento City. 

Sacramento, p. o.. Marquette county, ^ViM•. : 57 ni. N, 
Madison. 

Sackamento river, Calif. : rises in the mountainous range 
in the N. part of the Stale, in N. E. part of Sha.'i'le county. 
Its general course is S. ; it receives numerous small streams, 
and the larger ones, of Feather and American rivers, Puta 
cr., and near its mouth is joined by the San Joaquin. Its 
entire length is about 300 m.. its width varies from 2i'0 tf) 
300 yards; its hanks are adorned with trees, and it is nav- 
igable at all seasons to Sacramento. In the rainy season it 
wonderfully increases in volume, overflows its banks, and 
floods Sacramento City and some other border settlements. 
The valley of the Sacramento (aa also that of the San Joa- 
quin) is but a vast basin, of which the Coast Rango and 
the Sierra Nevada Mountains form the exterior rim. and an 
unusual rain, together with tlie melting of the snow upon 
the mountains, is siu'e to flood the lower lanils with water 



in depth proportioned to the duration of the rain or melting 
of the snows. It is generally well adapted to agricultural 
purposes. 

Saccamento City, p. v., and cap. Sacramento co., Calif. : 
on the Sacramento r., at the mouth of American r., in laL 
3^o 3u' 12" N.. and ton^ 121° 20' 05" W., about 150 m. 
N. E. San Francisco and 75 m. N. E. Yalleji'. Its site ia 
a low, level plain and is naturally overSowed in the rainy 
season. To prevent as far as possible this inundation, 
a levee has been constructed on the river banks. It was 
formerly called "New Helvetia," and is laid out in right 
aflgles, on the site of, and embraces the celebrat.-.i *■ Sntter''3 
Fort." The streets running E. and W. are designated by 
the letters- of the alphabet, and those rimuing N. and 3, 
by the numerals. The original forest trees still stand in the 
town, and give it a picturesque apjiearance, and matiy ot 
the streets are lined with oaks and sycamores 6 feet in di- 
ameter. It is a level and pleasantly situated [jlaee, embra- 
cing a square of about a mile and a half to the side, and 
derives its name from the river si» called. From a furt and 
its outbuildings, which a few years since constituted the 
whole irdiabiled tenements, it has suddenly become a flour- 
ishing city, and is the grand d'--|i6t f">r llie supply of all 
the northern mines. In April, 1849, there were 4 houses in 
the place. The original priee of embareadero, or river lots, 
was $600, they now command as many thousands. Every 
thing indicates that this place has received an impetus 
which other localities will find it difficult, if not impos^sible, 
to retard. Acconling to the census of ISoO, Sacram*;uto 
City CMtilained 323 stores of various kinds, 65 blackstnith 
sliops, G steam-mills, 5 soda and syrup manufactories, 2 
breweries, SO clothing stores, 8 cabinet shojis. S livery sta- 
bles, about 150 eating saloons and hotels— some of the latter 
lif the most costly description; also 90 physicians, 7u law- 
yers, G churches — 1 Episcopal, 1 Presbjterian, 3 Metho<list 
(1 colored), and 1 Baptist. A Poman Catholic church is in 
course of erection. The number of iidiabitants in the city 
propt-r, nr within the city limils, was 6.000^ Inu had the re- 
sident population all been in tiie city, the number would 
not have fallen much shurt of 12,000, while in the country 
thf-re are rd>out 3,000 citizens. Out of the whole number 
Ilu-re are but 1.460 females of all kinds, grades, and complex- 
ions. The banks of the river in the vicinity furnish one of 
the best farming regions in the State, though the crops on 
the low lands are exposed to great ravages fp>ni the period- 
ical floods. The gold diggings commenci- about 30 ni. E. 
of tiie city, at the entrance of the hills, wliieh rise rapidly to 
the eastward till they terminate in the high riiige of the 
Sierra Nevada. The gold was first discovered on the S. 
fork of the American r.. 50 m. from Sacramento, and all 
that neigldiorhood is still much resnrdd to by miners. 
Steamboats ply daily between this city anil San Francisco, 
and considerable trade is carried on by sading vessels. The 
river is mivigable up to the town at all seasons of the year, 
and the trade is rapidly increasing. Like San Francisco, 
this city has suffered considerably by flre, which, although 
causing immense hwses, has tended to beautify it, in Ihe 
form of neater and more substantial buildlugs. In ls50, 
the public jiress consisted of the " Transeripl." a <!aily and 
weekly; the "Placer Times," daily ami weekly (neut); 
"Iiaily Index," dally; and the "Tribune," a daily and 
weekly issue. The census of 1852 gives a pop. of 10.000. 

SAnAquAi>A, or Saquoit creek, Oneiila co,. J\''. Y. : rises 
in Paris t., flr»w3 N. in general course, and empties intCK » 
Mohawk r., 1 m. from Whitesboro'. This is one of the most 
important mill streams of its size in the State, affording an 
immense water-power to numerous factories, flouring-mills, 
and other manufacturing establishments in the various vil- 
lages and settlements on its banks. 

Saudle mountain, Mass. : in Adams town, Berkshire CO., " 
3,505 feet high, the highest of Massachusetts' mountains, 
an<l of comparatively easy ascent. Its summit is generally ■ 
known as Cray Lock. 

748 



SAD 



SAI 



Saddleback mountains, Franklin co., M-\ : E. of Acques- 
Buck lake, a few mik-s N. W. of PhiUpslown, 8,700 a. liigh. 

Saddle river, iV. Jur.: rises in Koeklaii<i cti., Nl-w York, 
a few m. above its S. boundiiry.. and flows S. 18 m. to ila 
entrance into Passaie r., about 1 m. above Aquackanock. 
It has a rapid course, and affords tgcteflsive w;iter-power. 

Saddle Peak Mountain, Sierra co., Cali/. : ",'200 feet 
high. 

Saddle Rfvee, t and p. o., Bergen co., y. Jer. : OS m. 
N. E. by N. Trenton ; bounded by Saddle r. on the E. and 
Passaic r. on the S. Surface in some parts mountainous, 
but level on the E. between Passaic and Saddle rivers; sorf* 
red shale and loam, fertile in the valleys and well cultivateil ; 
watered by the aforesaid rivers and several brooks. It con- 
tains Q few miUs and stores The inhabitants are chiefly 
devoted to agriculture. Pop. S16. 

Sadsbueyville, p. v., Chester co., Perm. : 57 m. S. E. 
Harrisburg. 

Saeqebstown, p. v., Crawford co., Pejin. : on the E. side 
of French cr..and on the proposed line of the Pittsburg and 
Erie R. K., 191 ru- N. "W. Harrisburg. 

Saegbesville, p. v., Lehigh co., Penn,: 75 m. E. N. E. 
Harrisburg. 

Safe Harbor, p. v., Lancaster co., Penn^: on the lea 
side of Susquehanna r., near the mouth of Concstnga cr., 
34 m. S. E. Harrisburg. There is a furnace here, having 
an annual capacity of 5,000 tons, and a rolling-mill, which 
in 1650 maile 5,567 tons rails, buth moved by steam. 

Sagauahock, Me.: the ancient name of a section of 
country at, and E. of the mouth of Kennebec r.. deriving 
its name from the settlement of a colony, in a locality called 
Sagadabock, at the mouth of the K'-nncbcc, in 1G07. This 
name is still much used to designate the Kennebec, or more 
particularly that portion of it below the confluence of the 
Androscoggin. 

Sage Hill, p. o., Graves county, Ky,: 229 m. S. W. 
Frank forU 

Sageville, p. 0., Hamilton co., JV1 Y. : 79 m. N. N. TV. 
Albany. 

6AGE^^LLE, p. v., Laudordale co., Miss. : on W. side of 
Chickasawha r., S5 m. E. Jackaou, 

Sag Harbob, p. v. and port of entry, Suffolk co., N. T. : 
on an excellent harbor so called, between Gardiner's and 
Great Peconic bays, 92 m. E. by N. New Turk city, Ul m. 
8. E. Albany. First settled in 1730, and incorporated in 
1S03. The site is sandy and sterile. It sudi-red severely by 
a Are in 1S45, but was soon rebuilt in a better manner than 
before. It contains 4 churches, an extensive clock fact^jry, 
several mills, 1 bank, cap. $20,000, a dry-dock for repairing 
vessels, and numerous stores. The " Corrector" is published 
Bemi-weekly and weekly. Considerable quantities of salt 
are manufactured in this vicinity by evaporation of sea- 
water in the open air. This place is extensively engaged 
In the whale and other fisheries. The return carg<jes are 
chiefly taken to New York and other ports. In 1S49, the 
imports here received, were 1,791 gallons sperm, and 
37,379 gallons whale oil ; and 156,400 lbs. whalebone. The 
total tonnage of this district on 80th June, ■1>50, was 
15,166 tons ; consisting of 10,954 tons in registered tonnage, 
and 4,213 tons in enrolled and licensed tonnage. The 
registered tonnage was all permanent, of which there was 
in the whale fishery 2,575 tons. The enrolled and licensed 
tonnage consisted of 8,776 tons permaninily employed in 
the coasting trade, and 02 tons in the c<Hi flslury ; besides 
874 tons *' licensed under 20 tons'' (319 tons in coasting trade, 
55 tons in cod fishery); of all whieh, 12S tons were pro- 
pelled by steam. During the y..ar preceding, it had no 
foreign commerce. Vessels built during the year, 8 (1 brig, 
^ schooners) — 119 tons. Pop. 3.650. 

SAcrNAw county, Mich. Situate E. centrally, in tho 
peninsula, and coulains 1,048 sq. m. Draineti by the Sag- 
inaw, Shiawassee, Flint, Tittibawussee, and Cass rivers. 
Surface level ; soil a rich loam, of a sandy nature, on a 
744 



substratum ')f clay. In the E. and S. E., pine timber covers 
the land to a great ext<^-nt, about one-third of the co. being 
forest. Limestone and Gypsum are foun<i on t)ie b;ty, in the 
N. W. parL The chief proiiuils are wheat, Indian com, 
and potatoes. Farms 72; nianuf. 14; dwell. 473, and pup. 
— wh. 2,609, fr. col. 0— total 2.009. O'piUd: Saginaw City. 

Saginaw, t, p. v.. and cap. Saginaw co., MioJi. : 57 m. 
N. E. Lansing. Drained by the Saginaw and Tittibawassee 
rivers. The v. is located on the \V. bank of the Saginaw r., 
on an elevation of 30 feet alwve the water. It is built on the 
site formerly occupied as a tr,iding post, and during the late 
war as a military post. It contains a court-house, jail, a 
printing-office, stores and warehouses of <lifferent kinds, 
saw-mills (moved by steam), and workshops of various 
descriptions. Steamboats and sailing vessels are owned 
here, and employed on the river and bay. It is at the ter- 
mination of the Saginaw and Detroit turnpike, and iis fai 
as natural and artificial advantages are concerned, the loca- 
tion is favorable to become a place of importance. The 
" Spirit of the Times" is a weekly issue. Pop. of L in 1340, 
S37; inlS50, 917. 

Saginaw bay, Mich, : a branch of Lake Huron, on its 
W. side, near the middle, setting into the mainland in S. W. 
direction from the lake. It is about 6o m. long, and 30 m. 
wide, and contains a number of islands. It is navigable for 
vessels of any burden, and its numerous coves afford some 
of the best harbors on tho lake. It receives Saginaw river. 

Saginaw river. Mich.: is formed in Saginaw co., by tho 
confluence of several large tributaries, of which the principal 
are, Cass r. from the E., Flint and Shiawasse r. flx)ra the S., 
and Tittibawassee r. from the N. W. 'Die length of the 
Saginaw, from Flint r., where it commences, to its month, is 
about 30 m. Its general course is N. E., emptying into the 
head of Saginaw bay. It varies in depth from 25 to 80 feet, 
and has a somewhat sluggish current Below Saginaw city 
is a sand bar which has ordinarily 5 or 6 feet depth of water, 
but a N. E. wind frequently cumulates water to 8 feet in 
depth. 

Sago, p. o., Lewis co., Yirg.: 1S9 m. N. W. Richmond. 

Sail Creek, p. o., Hamilton county, Tenn. : 108 m. S. E. 
Nashville. 

Sailok's Rest, p. v., Montgomery co., Tenyi. : on W. eida 
of Yellow cr., 47 m. Vf, by N. Nashville. 

Saint Albass, p. v., Hancock co., JU. : on the border of 
a swamp, S7 m. W. N. W. Springfield. 

Saint Albass, t. and p. v., Somerset co., Me,: 47 m. N. 
by E. Augusta. This is a go<xl township, having fertile soil 
adapted to grain. It contains a large and l>eaniiful pond, 
the outlet of which, Indian stream, affords water-power, and 
is a branch of Sebasticook river. Incorporated in 1813. It 
contains two pleasant villages. In the L are several mills 
an<i stores, an academy, and mme manufactories. l*op. of 
t. in 1S30, 911 ; in 1S40, 1,504; in 1850, 1,792. 

Saint Albans, t., p. v., sta., and cx\p. Franklin co.. Pez-ni.; 
on Lake Champlain, 45 m. N. W. by N. Montpelier; by 
Vermont Central K. K. 57 m. from Montpelier, 134 ra. from 
Wirulsor, 23 m. from House's Point. Surface moderately 
uneven; soil fertile loam, and well cultivated. Drained by 
a small creek. First settled about 17S5. The v, is 8 m. E. 
of the lake, on elevated ground, commanding a fine pros- 
pect. It is surri>unded by a fertile back country, has con- 
siderable manutaclures. and a large business from its water 
ecimmunieations with New York and Canada. It contains 
many handsome buildings, court-house, jail, on a handsome 
public square. 30 by 25 rods, an acailemy, 3 churches, and 
1 bank, caj^ital $.50,000. The " St. Albans Mt-sst-nger" (wliig) 
is issued weekly, and the " Northern Advertiser" (advert.) 
monthly. The part of the v. and L is at St. Alban's bay. 
Pop. of t. in 1830, 2,395; in 1S40, 2.702; in 1850, 8,567. 

St. Aliian's Bay, p. o,, Franklin co., Venn.: on Lake 
Champlain, 46 m. N. W. by N. Montpelier. Here is a good 
landing-place, with a wharf and several store-houses, also a 
bank, wiUi capit:d of ,^100,000. 



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Saixt Andbews, p. o., Orange co., iV; Y. ; SI m. S.by W. 
Albany. 

Saist Ajtorew's bay and sound. FIoj'. : on S. coast, in 
"W. part of the State, chiefly in Washington eo. Its main 
body sets up N. 12 m.. with .in average width of from 2 to 
5 m. ; an E. arm exton<is parallel with the coast 30 m., fyora 
1 to 10 m. wide; while another similarly extends W. 20 m., 
separated from the gulf by a beach 1 m. wide. The bay is 
easy of access, has IS feet of water on the bar, and good 
anchorage within, sheltered from all winds. On its borders 
are some fertile settlements. 

Saint Andeew's Bay, p. o., Washington co., Flor. : at 
the bead of St. Andrew's bay, 86 m. W. by S. Tallahassee. 

Saist Axdkew's sound, Go. : receives the waters of San- 
tilla r. and some small streams, and contains Dover and 
other islands. 

Saint Anttiost's falls, Minn.Tei: : in the Mississippi r.,a 
little above the mouth of Minnesota r. Their dimensions, as 
surveyed by the officers at Fort Snelling. are— from W. bank 
to the island, 634 feet; across the island. 276 feet; the E. 
fail. 300 feet; total width of river, 1,210 feet. The perpen- 
dicular fall varies from 25 to 80 feet. The fall in about 260 
rods in 53 feet ; and from the fo<it of the rapids, a distance 
of several miles, about 100 feet. Father Hennepin named 
these falls. 

Saint ANTnoNr's Falls, p. v., Eamsey co., Minn. Ter. : 
on the E. side of the Mississippi, 15 m. by water and 8 by land 
above St. Paul. It is laid out opposite and above the falls, 
and is a beautiful town site. A handsome elevated prairie, 
with a gentJe inclination to the r. bank, and of sufficient 
width for several parallel streets, extends indefinitely up and 
down the river. In the rear of this another table-land swells 
up some SO feet high, forming a beautiful and elevated 
plateau. The houses are mostly frame Imilt, and among 
them is numbered a large and well-furnished hotel for sum- 
mer travelers. This place has good prospects. The sup- 
plies for Fort Gaines, etc., create considerable trafBc and 
travel both by land and water, and the return traffic consists 
of furs and peltries, with other Indian contributions. Pop. 
in lS5e. 538. 

Saint Aemand, t. and p. o., Essex county, N. T.: 119 m. 
N. by W. Albany. Drained by Saranac r., and Placid lake 
lies partly in the town. Surface in the N. mountainous, and 
in the S. hilly ; soil red shale. Iron ore and copper is found 
In the vicinity. Pop. 200. 

Saint Aubeet, p. o., Callaway co., Mo. : 22 m. N. by E, 
Jefferson City. 

Saint Augcstine. p. city, port of entry, and cap. St. John's 
CO., Fhr. : 170 m. E. by 8. Tallahassee. Lat. 29=* 4S' 30" X., 
long. Sio 35' 00" W. The city is situated 2 m. back from 
tlie Atlantic on on inlet, in the rear of a small island, which 
protects it from the swell of the ocean, but which is low and 
does not obstruct the sea breezes or a view of the ocean. 
The inlet upon which it fronts, called Matanzas -Sound, is 
an excellent harbor, i m. broad, capacious and secure. The 
bar at its mouth at low tide has about 9 feet of water, and 
within, is or 20 feet The site of the city is somewhat penin- 
sular, since the sound and a river extends in its reai- up into 
the mainland, and is low, being not over 12 feet abova the 
level of the ocean. Its form is a parallelogram, 1 m. long 
and \ m. wide. The houses are not compactly built, and 
many of them have a very antiquated appearance; they 
are generally two stories high, with the second story pro- 
jecting over the first, the first story of stone, stuccoed, the 
second stnry (»f wood. The streets are narrow, and many 
of them very crooked. The climate is celebrated for its 
mildness, and has made the city a favorite resort for invalids 
from the Northern States. The winter season sometimes 
passes without a single frost and there are but one or two 
months in the year in which they ever occur. In summer, 
the heat of the day is tampered by the sea breezes, and the 
evenings are rendered cvd and pleai^ant by the land brefzc 
An abundance of trees give the place a verj' rural appcar- 



ani'c. There is a fine large public square in the E. part o( 
the city, framing on the sound ; on its W. si^lo is the court- 
house; on the N. side a splendid Catholic church, and on 
the S. side Trinity church. Ei)iscopaI, a neat Gothic edifice. 
There are two oUier ehurehes and a neat market-place in 
front of the harhnr. Here is a United Suites land offica 
and the station of a surveyor-general. In the S. part <^if thu 
city, fronting the Matanzas, are extensive barracks. At tho 
N. end of tlie city, and commanding the harb-T. stands 
Fort Marion, formerly the old Spanish castle of St. Mark, 
which viOA completed about a century ago. It contains a 
number of Spanish guns, etc., which came into possession 
of the United States with the fort, one of which bears tho 
date of 1735. One newspaper, " The Aucient City," is issued 
weekly. The foreign commerce of St, Augustine, during 
the year ending June SO, 1S50, consisted in tlie entrance and 
clearance of one foreign vessel of 63 tons, having a' crew 
of four men. During the year no vessels were buiil, and U 
has no tonnage whatever of its own. This is the oldest set- 
tlement in the Union, having been founded in 1564 by 
Spaniards. The present population is about one-half com- 
posed of Spanish, French, and citizens descendants of other 
foreign countries. Since the incorporation of the State with 
the Union, this portion of the population has been rapidly 
Americanizing, Pop. in 1S50, 1,S';34. 

SAHfT Augustine, p. v., Fulton co., 777. .• on the E. side 
of a branch of W. fork Spoon r., 73 m. N. W. Springfield. 

Saint Augustine, v., Cecil co., Md.: about the middle 
of the neck of land lying between Bohemia r. and Black cr., 
10 m. S. of Elkton, 49 m. N. N. E. Annapolis. 

Saint Beknard parish. La. Situate S. E.. and contains 
562 sq. m. Drained by Bayou Cheronese and its bratiches. 
Surface level and swampy; soil various, owing to the diver- 
sity of the surface; in those portions where it is not too wet 
for cultivation, and the tillage attended to, it is very fertile. 
Chief products, sugar, rice, cotton, and Indian corn. It is 
hounded on the E. by the Gulf of Mexico, and f'>r some dis- 
tance below New Orleans includes both banks of the Mis- 
sissippi. Farms 34; manuf. 0; dwell. 283, and pop.— wh. 
1,406, fr. col. 73, si. 2,323— total 3,802. Cajntal: Terre aux 
Bceufs. 

Saint Bl.ils cape. Flor. : a narrow beach, bounding St 
Joseph's bay on the W., 25 m. W. Apalachicola. 

Saint Catiiakink's island, Gtr. : lies off Newport river, 
between St. Catharine's sound on the N., and Sapel's sound 
on the S., is 10 m. long, 5 m. broad, and belongs to Liberty 
county. 

Saint Charles county, Jfo. Situate E., and contains 
405 sq. m. Drained by branches of Missouri r, which forms 
tlie S. E. boundary; and of Mississippi r, which flows on 
the N. E. Surface varied ; soil fertile, and in the level por- 
tions very productive, and raising large quantities of tobao- 
CO, which is the chief production. It has fine prairie land, 
and some excellent timber. Iron ore of go<}d quality la 
found, and there are some beds of coal. Farms 1,035; 
manuf. 33 ; dwell. 1,633, and pop.— wh. 9,492, fr. 18. si. 1,949 
tot^d 11,454. Capital: St. Charles. Fublic Works :iiLho\iis 
and Northern K. li. 

Saint Chap.i.e8 parish. La. Situate S. E., and containB 
2S9 sq. m. Drained by Mississippi r, which passes through 
its N. central portion. Surface generally level ; soil fertile, 
particularly along the banks of the Mississippi. Chief pro- 
ducts, sugar, rice, and Indian corn. It is bounded on the 
N. E. by Lake Pontchartrain, W. by Lake Allemands, and 
S. by Lake Washa. Farms 70; munuf. 3; dwell. 191, and 
pop.— wh. 867, fr. col. 121, al. 4,132— total 5,120. Capital: 
St Chariea. 

Saint CnARLEfl, p. v. and sta., Kane eo.. III. : on the W. 
bank of Fox r, and on a branch of Galena and Chicago 
n. It.. 37 m. W. Chicago, and 160 m. N. E. Springfield. 
This is a thriving village, with some good mills and other 
manufactories. The "Kane County Democrat" is issued 
weekly. . • 

745 



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SAI 



Saint Charles, p. o., Cutler co., Ohio : 99 m. W. S. W. 
Columbus. 

Saint CnAELES, p. o., Johnson co., iV. Car. : 25 m. E. S. E. 
Kaleigh. 

Saint Chaeles, p. o., Arkansas county, Ark. : 60 m. 8. E. 
Little Kock. 

Saint Charlks, t., p. v., and cap. St. Charles co., 3fo.: 
on N. bank of Missouri r., S7 m. N. by E. Jefferson City. 
Its site is handsome, and upon the first elevated land on the 
river above its mouth. The village is about 1 J m.-lonj;, lias 
5 streets parallel with the river, and contJiins'w court-house, 
stone jail, brick market-house, 3 churches, a Cathcilie con- 
vent, and female academy, several steam-mills, stt^res, etc. 
St. Charles College is here located, a Methodist institution, 
founded in 1S37, which in 1S50 had 4 professors, 20 students, 
17 alumni, and 900 volumes in library. Uere is a ferry 
across Missouri r., which is the great crossing-place between 
^t. Louis and the N. and W. parts of the State. The '• St. 
Charles Chronotypc" (neut,) is issued weekly. Pop. of v. 
about 2,000 ; of t. about 3,300. 

Saint Clair county, Ala. Situate toward the N. E., and 
contains 732 sq. m. Drained by branches of Coosa river, 
which forms its E. boundary, the principal being Canoe and 
Shoal creeks. Surface undulating; soil fertile, and pro- 
duces fine crops of wheat and Indian corn. Cotton is the 
staple. Farms 573 ; raanuf. ; dwell. 944. and pop.— wh. 
5,501, fr. col. 7, si. 1.321— total 6,S29. Orpital: Ashviile. 

Saint Claib county, ///. Situate toward the S.W., and 
contains 656 sq. m. Drained by Kaskaskia r. and its afflu- 
ents, and by Prairie du Pont and Cahokia creeks, all tribu- 
taries of the Mississippi, which flows on its N. \V. border. 
Surface undulating; in parts it is hdly and broken, and 
makes good pasture hind ; soil fertile, and produces fine 
crops of wheat and Indian corn. It is well timbered. 
Farms 1.961 : manuf 62 ; dwell. 3,727, and pop.— wh. 
19,606. fr. col. 575— total 20,1S1. Cupikil: Belleville. 

Saint CL\vr county, Mich. Situate E. of the S. Penin- 
sula, and contains 948 aq. m. Drained by BeUe, Black, and 
Pine rivers, and Mill cr., and bounded on the E. by J^t. Clair 
strait. Surface undulating; soil in general fertile and pro- 
ductive. The chief crops raised are wheat, Indian corn, 
and potatoes. Farms 492; manuf. 6S; dwell. 1,816, and 
pop.— wh. 10,396, fr. col. 24— total 10,420. Capital : St. Chiir. 

Saint Clair county. Mo. Situate towari^ the S. W,, and 
contains 656 sq. m. Drained by Osage river, which passes 
through it centrally, and by its branches. Sac r. and Clear 
creek. Surface rolling and diversified ; soil very fertile, and 
adapted to the growth of tobacco, wheat, and Indian corn. 
Farms S27; manuf. 5; dwell. 531, and pop.— wh. 3,107, fr. 
col. 1, si. 44S— total 3,556. Caf>ital : Osceola. 

Saint Clair, t, p. v., and cap. St. Clair co., 3fich. : on 
St. Clair r., 105 m. E. Lansing. This is a thriving t., with 
fertile soil, watered by Pine r., on the S. side of which, at its 
mouth, is the v., on the site of old Fort St. Clair. It contains 
a court-house, jail, churches, a branch of the State Univer- 
sity, some steam-mills and stores. The " St. Clair Observer" 
(dem.) is issued weekly. It has a good harbor, and does 
considerable business. During the year 1S4S its exports 
amounted to $71,525; imports, do.. $51.044— total value of 
exports and imports in 1S4S. $122,569. The lumber buniness 
Is extensive; its annual product in year ending Jime 1, 
1850, amounted in value to $90,000. Pop. of L in 1S40, 413 ; 
In 1S50, 1,72S. 

Saint' Clair, p. v., Schuylkill co., Penn. : 44 m. N. E. 
Harrisburg. In the vicinity is a fiimace moved by steam, 
with an annual capacity of 3,500 tons. It is an extensive 
mining region, and the village contains a number of dwell- 
ings, and 2,1119 inhabitants, the majority of whom are en- 
• gaged in mining. 

Saint Clair, p. 0., Hawkins co., Term. : 218 m, E. by N. 
Nashville. 

St. Clair, t. and p. o., Columbiana county. OJiio: 129 m. 
E. N. E. Columbus. Drained by Little Beaver r. and its 
746 



branches. Surface varied ; in parts l^vel, and in general 
productive. The Satuiy and Beiiver Canal passes through 
the E. part of the town. Pop. 1.115. 

Sai.vt Cl.uk lake, Mich. S>e Lakk St. Clair, p. S61. 

Saint Clair river or strait, Mich. : collects L;ike llurop 
with Lake St. Clair. It flows nearly ilirect S., with a broad 
and deep current, for two-thirds of its course, and tlien di- 
vides into six channels, by which it enters Lake St. Clair. 
The N. channel, bounding the main land of tlie Slate, is the 
only one navigated in ascending and descending the straiL 
The river is 40 m. long, with ;i5 m. of ship ehaiuu-l, has an 
avt-rage width of half a mile, depth of 50 fe*;t, currents of 3 m. 
per hour, and an entire descent of 13 feet. It is an exceed- 
ingly beautiful stream of very clear water, is easily -navi- 
gated, and is surrounded by varied and beautiful scenery. 
It has few ishinds besides those formed by its outlets. It 
receives several rivers from Michigan, the principal of which 
are Black, Pine, and Belle rivers, but none from Canadx 
On its banks are several flourishing vilhiges. 

Saint Clairsvtlle, p. v., and cap. Belmont co., Ohio: 
on the National Enad. lOS m. E. by N. Columbus. It con- 
tains a court-house, jail, and other public edifices, 6 church- 
es, a market-house, stores, etc. The " Belmont Chronicle" 
(whig), and the '-Gazette and Citizen" (dem.), are issued 
weekly. Pop. abnut 1,500. • 

Saint Claiesville, p. v., Bedford co., Penn. : S4 m. W. 
Harrisburg. 

Saint Cj^-ment's Bat, p. o., St Mar>''s co., M'L: at the 
head of an inlet so called of the Potomac r., 47 m. S. by W. 
Annapolis. 

Saint Cloud, p. o.. East Feliciana par.. La, : 27 ra. N. 
Baton Rouce. 

Saint Croix county. Wise. Situate W., and contains 
792 sq. m. Drained by branches of SL Croix r., which runs 
on its N. W. border, and by other streams falling into Lake 
St. Croix in the W. Surface hilly and broken, ana diverai- 
fled with small lakes ; soil fertile. The greater portion of 
the county is unsettled, and as yet little has been done 
toward its cultivation. Farms 4; manuf. 2 ; dwtll. ISl, and 
pop.— wh. 619, fr. col. 5— total 624. • CrjuUil: WdlowP.ivor. 

Saint Croix rivtir, J/*'. ; constitutes the S. portion of the 
boundary between the United States and the British prov- 
ince of New Brunswick. It is also sometimes called Pas- 
samaquoddy. Cheputnetecook, and Sch(">die ; but the latter 
name is now generally given to the W. branch of the St. 
Croix, flowing from the Schoodic lakes. The St. Croix 
rises in Grand lake, which is connected with Cheputnete- 
cook lake. It leaves the latter lake 54J m. fnun its mouth, 
at an elevation of 852^ feet above tide-water. It has several 
sets of falls ofconsiderable height, which afford great water- 
power. At the confluence of Schoodic r, 2lli m. from its 
mouth, it has an elevation of 166 feet above tidc-waWr. Its 
total descent, in reaching sea level, is 444 feet. It is navi- 
gal>le for hirge vessels to Calais, 12 in., where it is crossed 
by a bridge. 

Saint Croix lake and river, Wi.^c. : rises in Upper St 
Croix lake, in La Pointe county, and there receives several 
large hearl braiii-hes, of which the principal is the Nameka- 
giin r. It flows S. W. until it receives Kiuebek or Snake is, 
:ind tlience its general course is southerly until it empties 
into the Mississippi at Preseot v. About 30 m. aliove its 
moulh it wiclens intn an expanse called St. Cmix lake, 
which is H t" 3 "i- wide until near its mouth. The river is 
navigable for steamboats about 60 m.,and for boats about 
200 miles. 

Saintkielo, p. 0., Muskingum county, Ohio: 52 m. E. 
Columbus. 

Saint Francis county. Mo. Situate toward the S. E., 
and contains 469 sq. m. Drained by head branches of SL 
Francis and Big rivers. Surface hilly, and in the W. 
mountainous ; soil generally fertile. This is a splendid 
mineral region, and the county contains the celebrated Iron 
Mouutain, and Pilot Knob ; these consist of micaceous ox- 



SAI « 

IJe nf iron, the whole top being one solid sheet. ThG«ore 
yifMs 60 per cent, of pig inelal, and the quantity altogellier 
is esliiiiated at about 60U,Oi)O,O0il of t'His, enough to supply 
the world for a century. Other minentls art; Rnind. Farms 
437; nianuf. 11; dwell. 704, and pop.— wh. 4,2i3, fr. col. 51, 
8l. 6S0— total 4,964. Cupital : Fannington. Public Works : 
Iron Mountain E. H. 

Saint Franxis county, Ark, Situate toward the E., and 
contains 1,011 sq. ra. Drained by Cache r., and branches 
of St. Francis r., which runs on its E.. border. Surface in 
general level ; soil fertile, and adapted to grain. There is 
eome fine timber on the land. Farms 34S ; manuf. — ; 
dwell. 643, and pop.— wh. 3,7T0, fr. col. 2, si. 707— total 4,479. 
Capital : Mount Vernon. 

Saint Francis, p. v., St. Francis co., Ark. : on the W. 
side of the river so called, 90 ra. E. N. E. Little Kock, 

Saint Francis river, Mo. and Ark. : rises in St Francis 
county. Missouri, flows S., and enters Arkansas, where it re- 
ceives Whitewater river, a large branch which rises in 
Missouri, and for a long distance flows nearly parallel to it. 
It enters the Mississippi in Philip's co., and is navigable in 
high water nearly 200 m. It passes through many lal;es 
and swamps, but its waters are very clear, and abound with 
fine fish. 

Saint Francisville. p. v., Lawrence co., III. : on the 
right bank of thu "Wabash r., 133 m. S. E. of Springfield. 
It IS surmunded by a fertile and well timbered country. 

Saint Francisville, p, v., and cap. West Feliciana par., 
Za.: on the left hank of the Mississippi river, 36 m. above 
Eaton Rouge. A great portion of the town is built on the 
plain, along the rjver, but the greater part is on a beautiful 
hill, immediately back, communicating with the Mississippi 
by the bayou Sara, and contains many fine buildings. 
It is a considerable place of trade, and has a number of 
extensive warehouses. The descending l)oats make this a 
Blopping-p!ace, and here also is the depot of a railroad run- 
ning to Woodville (Mississippi), by which large quantities 
of cotton are brought from the plantations in the interior. It 
contains a court-house, jail, several stores, and about 1,000 
Inhabitants. 

Saint Francisvtlle, p. v., Clark county. Mo. : on the W. 
side of Des Moines r., 132 m. N. by E. Jefferson City. 

Saint Genevieve county, Mo. Situate E. toward the S., 
and contains 433 sq. m. Drained by Au Vase and Establish- 
ment rivers, affluents of Mississippi river, which forms its 
N. E. boundary. Surface undulating; in some parts it is 
hilly and broken; soil generally fertile, the river bottoms 
being excellent land and very productive, while the uplands 
are more fit for pasture. It contains minerals, among which 
are iron aud lead ores. Farms 425; manuf. 16; dwell. SU, 
and pop.— wh. 4,636, fr. col. 61, si. 616— total 5,313. Capi- 
ta/ : St. Genevieve. 

Saint Genevceve, p. v., and cap. St. Genevieve co.. Mo. ; 
on the right bank of the Mississippi r., opposite the island 
60 called, 62i m. bejow St. Louis, 117 m. E. S. E. Jefferson 
City. It is pleasantly located on a healthy spot, and is a 
considerable place of business, particularly in the article of 
lead, considerable quantities of which, as well as u-on and 
copper, exist in the neighl)orhood. The v. is built on Ga- 
bourie cr., a small stream, which ia sometimes boatable. It 
contains a court-house, jail, academy. Catholic church, con- 
vent, and female ai-ademy. The " St. Genevieve Democrat" 
and the " Pioneer" (dem.) are both weekly issues. The in- 
habitants are chiefly of French origin. Below here is a 
prairie of great fertility. 6,000 acres in extent, fenced and 
well cultivated. Pop. 7 IS. 

Saint Geor(;e, t. and p. o., Chittenden co., Venn.: S m. 
S. E. Burjington, 2S m. W. N. W. Monlpelier. Pup. 147. 

Saent George, t. and p. o., Lincoln co.. Me. : 33 m. S. E. 
Augusta, on a peninsula formed by the Atlantic Ocean on 
the E. and S., and Muscongus bay on the W. Incorporated 
In 1S03. It has excellent facilities for navigation, and em- 
ploys considerable shipping in the lumber and coasting 



SAT 

trade, and in the fisheries. Ship-building ia carried on : in 
1^9 4 vessels — 657 tooflj were built. Pop. in 1S40, 2,094 ; ia 
1350, 2,217. 

Saint George river, Me. : rises in several ponds in Waldo 
county, and fliiws S. 40 ra. into Muscongus bay. The tide 
extends to Warren, 16 m. from the sea, to which place it is 
navigable. 

* Saint George's, bund, and p. v., New Castle co., Del.: 
23 m. N. by W. Dover. Its chief trade is lumber. It has 
also several grist and saw mills. Area, 42,630 acres. I'op. 
about 3,500. * 

Saint George's, p. o. aud sta., Colleton district, S. Oar,: 
on the W. side of a branch of Edisto r., and on the South 
Carolina R. U., 13 m. N. W. Charleston, and C3 m. N. by W. 
Columbia. 

Saint Helen, p. v., Cifdar co.. Mo. : ou the right bank 
of Sac r., 105 m. S. W. Jefferson City. 

Saint Helen, p. o., Washington county, Ore^/. Tor. : on 
W. bank of Columbia r., 61 m. N. by E. Salem. 

Saint Helena parish, La. Situate N. in the E. part of 
the State, and c»>ntaiu3 520 sq. m. Drained by Tickfau r. 
and its branches in the central portion, and tributaries of 
Amitie r. in the W. Surface uneven and broken; soil in 
general barren, and much of the co. is covered with pine 
timber ; aloug the banks of the streams there are, however, 
some fertile porlioiis, producing rice, cotton, and Indian 
corn. Farms 273; manuf. 9; dwell. 890, and pop.— wh. 
2,354, fr. col. 11, si. 2,196— total 4,561. Capital: Greens- 
burg. 

ff AisT Helena, p. v., St. Helena par.. La. : on the W. 
side uf Tiekfau r., 35 m. E. N. E. Baton Rouge. 

Saint Helena island, Beaufort dist., S. Car. : lies between 
St. Helena sound on the N. E. and Broad r. on the S. W. 

Saint Helena sound, S. Car. : lies between Colleton and 
Beaufort districts, receives Combahee, Coosa, Ashepoo, and 
oUier rivers, and contains several islands. 

Saint Henry's, p. o., Mercer co., Ohio: 96 m. N. N. W. 
Columbus. 

Saint Illa, p. o., Ware county, Ga. : on St. Ilia, or San- 
tilla r., 132 m. S. S. E. MilledgeviUe. 

Saint Inigoes, p. v. aud portof entry, St. Marj'sco., J/cf.; 
near a creek so called, an arm of SL Mary's river, 56 m. S. 
Aimapolis. This is the port of entry of St. Mary's district, 
of which the total tonnage on 30th June, 1850, was 2,185 
tjns, enrolled and licensed, all of which was employed in 
the coasting trade. During the preceding year the district 
had neither foreign commerce nor ship-building. 

Saint Jacob, p. o., Madison county, III. : 71 m. S. by W. 
Springfield. 

Saint James parish. La. Situate centrally in the E. dis- 
trict, and contains 329 sq. m. Drained by Mississippi river, 
which flows through its S. portion. Surface even ; soil fer- 
tde. Chief products, cotton aud sug;ir. It contains Jeffer- 
son Colleiie. Farms 145; manuf. 6; dwell. 591, and pop, — 
wh. 3,2S5, fr. col. 62, si. 7,751— total 11,09S. CapikU: 
Bringiers. 

Saint Joifn, p. v.. Lake co., Jnd. : on Thorn cr.. 132 m. 
N. W. Indianapolis. It, is situated in the centre of a Ger- 
man Catholic settlement, 6 m. N. W. of Crown Point, where 
they have erected a chapel. 

Saint John, p. o., Dodge county. Mo. : 138 m. N. N. W. 
Jefferson City. 

Saint .Ioiin, p. v., Hertford cx>., iV. Car. .- on a branch of 
Pottocasy cr., 96 m. E. N. E. Raleigh. 

Saint John Baptist parish, La. Situate centrally in the 
E. district, and contains 23S sq. m. Drained by Mississippi 
river, which passes through its S. W. portion. Surface 
diversified ; soil generally unfit for cultivation, that portion 
lying along the streams only being fertile; this, with culti- 
vation, jiroves productive, and yields large quantities of rice, 
sugar, and cotton, which form the leading articles nf com- 
merce. It is bounded on the N. E. by Lake Pon to hart rain. 
Farms 1G2 I manuf. 14 ; dwell. 530, and pop.— wh. 'J,5S6, fr. 

747 



SAI 



SAI 



col. 191, si. 4^540— total 7.;iU. CupiUil : Bonnet Carr^. 
Public WorkK: New Orleans, Opelttusas, and Texas E. R. 
Saint John's county, Flor. Situate N. E., and conlains 
S69 sq. m. Drained by SL John's r. and its branches, and 
North r. Surface generally level ; aoil very fertile in many 
parts, and iu oihers being too low for cultivation. Chief 
productions, cotton, sugar. Indian com, oranges, citrons, 
lemons, and vege^bles of different kinds. On the St. John's 
river large quantities of live-oak are found. Farms 34; 
manuf. 7; dwell. 321, and pop.— wh. 1,417, fr. col. 115, si. 
99:5— total 2,5». Capital: St. Augustine. 

Saint -Joun's, p. o., Auglaize county, Ohio: 75 m. N. "W". 
Columbus. 

Saint John's, U. 8. collection district, Flor. : embracing 
St. John's r. and vicinity, bad, on Sftlh June. 1S50, a tonnage 
of 310 tons enrolled and licensed, permanent, andetnployed 
in the coasting trade, of which 80 tons were propelled by 
eteam, with no foreign commerce or ship-building. 

Saint John's river, Flor. : this large river rises in an 
Immense marsh in Orange co. Its general course is N. and 
parallel with the coast until, in Duval co., it turns suddenly 
to the E. and empties into the Atlantic. Its entire length is 
about 250 m. Its width varies greatly, from 4 m. to 3, and 
even 5 m. In the first part of its course, 150 m. from its 
mouth, it flows through Lake George, 30 m. long and 6 m. 
wide ; and on leaving that lake receives a very large stream, 
its main tributary, the Ocklawaha r. At its mouth it is 1 m. 
■wide, and has 12 feet of water on the bar. A light-house is 
there erected. Vessels drawing S feet water can navigate it 
as far as Lake George and Dunn's lake, as also those lakes. 

Saint John's river, Me. : rises by several branches in the 
N. part of Somerset co., one of which (the N. "W.) extends 
into Canada. It flows N. and E. until it reaches the N. 
boundary of the State, and thence constitutes the boundary 
line until it reaches tho E. boundary line, in about lat. 47° 
N., when it passes into the province of New Brunswick, and 
flows with broad stream, in irregular course, S. and E. into 
the Bay of Fundy. Its entire length is about 350 m. The 
tide flows up about 80 m., through which distance it is 
navigable for sloops of 50 tons. It is navigable for boats, 
with the exception of two short portages, nearly to its source. 
By the late treaty with Great Britain its navigation is free to 
both nations. 

Saint Johnsbuet, t., p. v., and ata., Caledonia co., Verm. : 
82 m. E. N. E. Montpelier. Surface uneven; soil fertile. 
'Watt'red by Passumpsic r. and its tributaries, which afford 
great water-power. Chartered in 17S6; first settled in 17SS^ 
There are in the t 3 handsome villages. On Sleeper's r. of 
the Passumpsic is the noted Fairbanks' scale manufactory. 
Here commences the Connecticut and Passumpsic Kivers 
Eailroad, extending to "White River Junction, 61 m. One 
newspaper, the *' Caledonian'' (dem.), is issued weekly, and 
the v. contains a bank— capital $100,000. Pop. of L in 1S80, 
1,592 ; in 1S40, 1.SS7 ; in 1S50, 2,75S. 

Saint JonNSBURY Centre, p. c, Caledonia co., Verm. : on 
Passumpsic r., 33 m. E. N. E. Montpelier. Contains a Con- 
gregational church, academy, etc. 

Saint Joiinbbury East, p. o., Caledonia county, Verm. : 
84 m. E. N. E. MontpeUi-r. 

Saint Jounsville, I., p. v., and sta., Montgomery county, 
J^. Y. : 55 m. W. N. W. Albany. Drained by East Canada 
and Zimmerman creeks, tributaries of the Mohawk r., which 
bounds it on the S. Surface varied, in parts hilly ; soil fer- 
tile, and much grain is raised. Organized in 1S37, and has 
limited manufactories, several mills, etc., a forge and fur- 
nace. The V. is on the N. bank of the Mohawk r., and on 
the Schenectady and Utica K. R., 47 ra. from Schenectady. 
The Erie Canal passes along the opposite side of the r. An 
extensive stone quarry is located near the village. Popula- 
tion of 1 1,627. 

Saint Joseph, p. v., and cap. Calhoun co., Flor. : on the 
bay 60 called, 76 m. S. W. Tallahassee. It contains a courts 
bouse, jail, etc 
743 



^AiNT Joseph, t. and p. v., Berrien co., 3fir?i. : on Lake 
Michigan, 100 m. S. W. Lansing. Drained by Su Joseph 
and Pawpaw rivers, which unite in the I. Surface various, 
and heavy timber, consisting of oak, whitewo^il, limlen, 
beach, elm, et<!., in abundance ; soil, along the banks of the 
strcitms, rich and highly cultivated. The vili.ige has a cora- 
maniiing site, on an elevation of some 50 or CO feet above 
the harbor, at the confluence of St, Joseph river witli Lake 
Michigan, and being eligibly located for commerce, is one 
of the most important places on the W. side of the penin- 
sula. The r., at the v., is 900 feet in width, and the harbor 
admits vessels drawing 6j feet water. A pier and other im- 
provements have been constructed, and 2,000 feet of wharf 
is built. A bridge here spans the r., an<l it is ct)nl('mplated 
to connect it with Cassopolis. New Buffalo, Niles, etc., by 
railroad. It contains a court-house, jail, several large for- 
warding and commission houses, mills, etc. The imports 
for the year 1S4S amounted to $672,S92, and the exports 
$543,895, making a total of $1.21G.7S7. It is a thriving 
place, and contains about 2.000 inhnbiUinfs. and the t. 3,o00. 
Saint Joseph, p. v., Buchanan ca. J/o.: about 1 m. E. 
of the Missouri r., 156 m. N. W. Jefferson City. 

Saint Joseph, p. v., Allen county, Iml. : 109 m. N. R 
Indianapolis. It is a pleasant v.. with 525 inhabitants. 

Saint Joseph, p. v.. and cap. Tens;is par., L<i. : on the 
Mississippi river, 1S9 m. (by water) N. Eaton Rouge, and 
102 m. direct. It contains a court-houSe, jail, etc. 

Saint Joseph's county, Ind. Situate N., and contains 
437 sq. m. Drained by the St. Joseph's r. in the N. and E., 
and by Kankakee r. in the W. Surface level; soil a fine 
deep loam, well adapU-d to grazing. Chief productions, 
wheat, Indian corn, and potatoes. In the S. is some fine 
prairie land, and a quantity of good timber. It has good 
water privileges. Farms S47; manuf. 45; dwell. 1.SS5, and 
pop.— wh. 10.925, fr. col. 29— total 10.9.54. Capital: South 
Bend. Piihlic Works : Indiana Northern R. R. 

Saint Joseph's county, Mich. Situate S. in the S. Penin* 
aula, and contains 530 sq. m. Drained by the St. Joseph's r. 
and its branches, also by Portage, Prairie, Rooky, an<l Pigeon 
rivers. Surface slightly undulating; soil exceeilingly fer* 
tile. The principal products are wheat, Indian corn, oats, 
and potatoes. The industry of the co. is chiefly applied to 
agricultural pursuits, but the manufactures are considerable. 
The branches of the St. Joseph's river supply good water- 
power. Farms 1,379 ; manuf. S2 ; dwell. 2,-301, and pop. — 
wh. 12.699, fr. col. 26— total 12,725. Capital: CentreviUe, 
Public Works: Michigan Southern R. R. 

Saint Joseph's, p. c, Champaign co., III. : 73 m. E. by N. 
Springfleld. 

Saint Joseph's, p. o., Susquehanna county. Pe^in. : 120 la 
N. by E. Ilarrisburg. In its vicinity is St. Joseph's College, 
a Catholic institution, establishetl in 1S52. 

Saint Joseph's bay, Flor. : 22 m.W. Appalachicola. lying 
within Cape St. Bias, a long and narrow sandy beach, its 
"W. inelosure. It is 20 ra. long, about S m. wide, with a 
broad entrance from tho N. W., having 17 feet of water on 
the bar, and another deep channel near the peninsula. 

Saint Joseph's isLsnd, in the Straits of St. Mary, 8G milea 
N. E. Mackinaw, 20 m. long, S m. broad, dividing the pas- 
sage into 2 channels nearly equal in extent, etc., through the 
S. one of which the U. S. boundary passes. 

Saint Joseph's river, Mich. : rises in the N. E. part of 
Hillsdale co., flows E.,and afier a broad S. bend, in which it 
enters Indiana, it proceeds N. W. until it enters Lake Mich- 
igan at SU Joseph. In length and volume of water it is the 
secon<l river in Michigan, being about 250 miles long in its 
entire course, but not more than 150 m. in direct line. It is 
navigable fur keel boats to Lockport, 130 m. At its mouth 
is a san<ll»ar with 6 feet of water, but within is a good har- 
bor, which, with a pier, easily accommodates all vessels in 
the lake navigation. It receives many tributaries, and 
affords considerable water-power. Its intervals are very 
fertile, and in some places heavily timbered. 



SAI 



SAI 



Saint Jusei-u's river of tlie Maumt-e, Mieh. : risL's by 
Several branches in Hillsdale co., and flows in S. "W. course 
across the iJ. W. corner of Ohio, into Indiana, and joins the 
St. Mary's ^l Fort Wayne, forming Maumee r. It aflorda 
considerable water-power. 

Saint Julian, p. o., Einn co., Ta. : 25 m. N. Iowa City. 

Saint Landky parish. La, Situate toward the S. W., and 
contains 2,'29G »q. m. Drained by Teche, Rouge, Cannes, 
and Crocodile bayous, Vermillion river, and Cartablenu river, 
branch of Atehalalaya, which bounds it on the K. Surface 
diversified, but most generally a plain, and adapted to the 
growth of cotton ; soil fertile. Chief products cotton and 
Indian corn. It contains one or two lakes. Farms T7o ; 
manuf. 13: dwell. 2.421, and pop.~wh. 10,139, fr. col. 
1.243, si. 10,sn— total 22.258. Capital : Bayou Chicot C. H. 
Public Work.'>\ : New Orleans, Opelousas, and Texas R. R. 

Saint Lawrence county, K V. Situate N. toward the 
E., and contains 2,717 sq. m. Drained by Grass, Racket, 
St. Regis, Oswogalchie, and Indian rivers, affluents of the 
6t Lawrence rtver, which for a considerable distance makes 
Its N. "W. boundary. These supply navigation and good 
water-power. Surface much diversified, but in general 
level ; soil fertile, in the S. E. it is adapte<l to grazing, the 
land being mountainous. Chief products wheal, Indian 
com, and potatoes. Lead and iron ore ia found extensively, 
and marble of excellent quality. It has many lakes, which 
add a beauty to the scenery of the surrounding counlr>'. 
Farms 6,124; manuf, 466; dwell. 11,7(14. and pop.— wh. 
6$,5TS, fr. col. 36— total GS,614. Capital: Canton. Ptibiic 
Woi'k-s: Northern (Ogdensburg) R. R. ; Watcrtown and 
Korthern Junction K. R. ; Utica and French Creek E. R. ; 
Amsterdam and Potsdam R. E. 

Saint Lawkence, p. t., Chatham co., JV. Car.: on N. 
aide of Rock r., 45 m. "W. Raleigh. 

Saint Lawrence, p. o., Jefferson county, JVI T. : 145 m. 
U. "U\ Albany. 

Saint Lawrence river, United States and Canada : this 
very large ami important river is the outlet of Lake Ontario, 
and of the other great lakes, Erie, Huron, Michigan, and 
Superior, and is the main artery to the heart of the Amer- 
ican continent, ks length from Lake Ontario to the W. end 
of the island of Anticosti is about 6Cti miles, and to the Gulf 
of St. Lawrence about 750 miles. The continued navigation 
afforded by its connection with the lakes is over 2,000 miles. 
It forms the boumlary between the United States and 
Canada until it arrives 1 m. N. of the 45th -degree of N. lat. 
Its breadth varies, hut has on the whole an increase in its 
descent, especially below Quebec, until at the W. end of An- 
ticosti island it is about 100 miles wide. It is navigable to 
Quebec (420 m. from the Gulf of St. Lawrence) for ships of 
the line, and for ships of 600 tons to Montreal. Fn.m 
Quebec to Montreal it has an average breadth of 2 m. The 
distance from Montreal to Lake Ontario is about 200 miles. 
This river is the natural course for direct commerce from 
the N. portion of North America with Europe. It runs 
almost upon a line of the great circle of the globe, upon 
which ia placed the largest population of the world, that of 
Europe and Asia, and the great food-producing region of 
America; and hence upon this line is the shortest possible 
distance between the great centres of Asiatic, European, 
and the future American population. The approximative 
sailing distances from the principal rivals in the western 
trade of North America to Liverpool are: 

_ --,... Miles 

From Quebec, by the Straits of Bellisle and North of 

Ireland 8,000 

" " by St. Paul's g,3O0 

" NewTork 3^475 

" New Orleans S^i^oo 

The population of the St. Lawrence valley in 1S50, includ- 
ing Canada, was at least 4,000.000. The natural amount of 
commerce on this river is now greatly lessened by the re- 
Blrictioua imposed by Great Britain. 



Saikt Leger, p. o., Ozark co., Mo. : 123 m. S. Jefferson 
City. 

Saint Leonard's, p. v., Calvert co., Md. : between tho 
creek so called and Chesapeake bay, 84 ra. S. Annapolis. 

Saint LoL^8 county, Jfo. Situate E., and contains 5S5 
sq. m. Drained by Maramec r. and other tributaries of the 
Mississippi, which forms its E. bountlary, and by branches 
of Missouri r., which runs on its W. border. Surface undu- 
lating; soil fertile, and consists of a fine deep mold, with 
sumV and clay intermixed. Farms 1,294; manuf. 1,409; 
dwell. 13,430, and i)Op.— wh. 07,577, fr. col. 1,434, si. WM 
—t(.tal 104,978. 0(;)/^//; St. Louis. Pi/ldic ]VorA-s : Vac'ifiG 
R. R. ; St. Louis and Northern R. R. ; Inm Mountain E. R. 

Saint Louis, p. city, port of entrj', anil cap. St. Louis co., 
Mo. : on the W. bank of the Mississippi r., on the first bluff, 
20 m. S. of the confluence of the Missouri r., and in lat. 3SO 
37' 25" N., anrl long. 90© 15' 16" W. The distances by river 
course from New Orleans are 1,210 m, ; from the falls of St- 
Anthony, S63 m.; from St. Paul, 822 m-; from Galena, 395 m. ; 
from Alton, 22 m.; from Pittsburg, 1,1S'J m. ; from Cincin- 
nati, 705 m.; from Louisville and Jeffersonville, 564 m. ; 
from moiith of Ohio r., 170 m. ; from Council Bluffs, 6S7 m. ; 
from Fort Leavenworth, 413 m.; from Independence, 371 m. ; 
and from Jefferson City, 15T m. It is the great commercial 
dep6t of the Upper Mississippi, the Ohio, and the Missimri, 
and their numerous tributaries, furnishing connected water- 
ways of upward of S,000 m., and passing through countries 
rich beyond descrip[i<in in mineral, vegetable, forest, and 
animal products, and requiring for the sujiporl of their iu- 
habilants a vast amount of manufactures and productions 
of foreign countries and the sea-board Slates. Next to New 
Orleans, it is the principal port on the Mississippi, and 
among western cities, is second only to Cincinnati in pop- 
ulation and wealth. 

St. Louis occupies the geographical centre of the Missis- 
sippi Valley. Ita advantages, as a commercial dep6t, can 
not be excelled, and the resources of its inmiediate vicinity 
in Missouri are immense. In a circuit of less than 90 m. 
from the city, iron, coal, lead, and probably copper, are suffl- 
eienlly abundant to supply the Union for indetinile ages, 
and of this region St. Louis is the only outlet. Capital alone 
is wanted to develop these wonderful riches. Nor ia this 
all ; the country around is a magnificent agricultural district, 
yitdding abundantly of all the staples of the latitude, and at 
this point the hunter, the miner, and overland emigrant, 
take in their supplies before setting out on their various 
adventures. 

The locality was first settled in 1764. The site is elevated 
many feet above the flood-marks of the Mississippi, and is 
favored in this respect in salubrity. It rises from the river 
by two plateaux; the first, the alluvial bottom, is 20 feet 
above the highest flood, and the second, a limestone bank, 
to the level of the back country, ia 40 feet higher than the 
first, extending away to the horizon. The ascent from tho 
river to the first plain is rather abrupt, but to the upper ter- 
race it is more gradual, and from its highest eIev.ilion com- 
nuinds a grand prospect of the lower city, and the country 
on every side. 

As originally planned, the city occupied only the first 
terrace, and consisted of three narrow streets, parallel with 
the river, but after \\n growth commenced, which was sntv 
sequent to its coming into the possession of the Americans, 
it soon expanded its limits, and encroached ujjon the pla- 
teau above. The streets in the newer portion are wide, and 
laid out at right angles. To the north and south of the city, 
which itself extends some two miles along the river, exten- 
sive suburbs have been laid out on the same plan. The 
city reaches back nearly three miles. Front Street, on the 
river bank, is built up of substantial stone warehouses, 
which have an iraiH)sing appearance, and are generally 
appropriated to heavy businesses. The street immediately 
behind this is the principal seat of the wholesale dry goods 
business, although this and the grocery business are not 

749 



SAl 



SAI 



confined altogether to those localities. The city is generally 
well built of brick chit-fly, an<i sometimes of stone, the lime- 
utone of (he neighburhood f\irni!-hing abundance of material. 
Many of the ri-siiJences, hotels, etc, are magnificent and 
costly structures, and in the new city the private dwellings 
are mostly surrounded by garden plots and ornamental 
shrubbt-ry. The whc»le area of the city covers about 3G 
eq. m., about one-ttnth of which is thickly built upon. 

The principal public buililings are those aj.propriatcd to 
the county business, as the court-house, jail, and ufflces ; 
the municipal buildings, as the City Hal!, courts, markets, 
etc. ; the churches, literary institutions, schools, and charit- 
able foundations. The Court-house is an elegant building, 
situate on a public square, near the centre of the city. The 
City Hall, the basement of which is used as a market, is on 
a square at the fiwt of Market Street, and is a splendid brick 
edifice. Among llie churches, the Roman Catholic catliedral 
is the largest and most costly : it is 186 feet long, by 5S feet 
wide, with a massive Doric portico in front, and its steeple 
contains a chime of belts, the large.st of which weighs 2,600 
poun»l8. Mauy of the churches of other denominations are 
remarkable for chaste and beautiful design. 

The annexed, an abstract of the late census, are the de- 
finite statistics of the churches of the city : 



Churclieg, No. Sents. Value, 
E. Cathol. 12. 10,862. $554,800 
Methodist 12. 8,300. 171,000 

Presb S. 5.900. 200,000 

Lutheran. 5. 3,300. 44,500 
Episcopal 5. 2,750. 136,000 



Cliurdies. No. 


SeatB. 


Unilarian .2. 


.2,100.. 


Evangel. ..2. 


. coo.. 


Baptist. ...2. 


1,600.. 


Boatman's. 1. 


. 5«0.. 


Jews 2. 


. 4T0.. 



Value. 
|;70,000 
4,700 
33,000 
15,000 
7,000 



— making a total r»f 49 churches, containing 35,712 seats, and 
valued at 11.213,500. . The Eoman Catholic population is 
much more numenius than is imlicated by the number of 
Beats in the churches, as a very large portion of that de- 
nomination worship iu the aisles and vestibules, and an 
average of three several congregations assemble at each 
church at the different hours at the several ma-sscs on Sun- 
day mnrning. St. Louis Is the see of the Catholic archdiocese 
of the same name, and also of the Protestant Episcopal 
diocese of Missouri. 

Among the charitable institutions the most conspicuous 
are the Protestant and Catholic Orphan Asylums — the first 
under theilirectinn of Protestiint ladies, and the latter of the 
Sisters of Charity. There are also hospitals, dispensaries, 
and other chariiii's, for the medical care of the destitute. 

Literary institutions are numerous. The University of 
SL Louis is some 3 or 4 miles north from the city, but for 
the nocommoilation of the medical department, there are 
appropriate buildings within its limits. The University was 
fouu.ted in 1S:J2, and has 17 professors ; and in 1S50, had 
160 students, and a library of 12.000 volumes; ami at the 
same period the medical department had 7 professors and 
107 students. The Western Academy of Sciences is estab- 
lished here, and has a fine museum ; and besides this there 
is a museum of Indian antiquities, etc. According to the 
census oflj'oo, there were within the city 44 common schools, 
with 2,S47 pupils: 15 i)rivate schools, with 2,378 pupils; 9 
Eoman Cathf.iic .schools, with 1,356 pupils; a Catholic col- 
lege, with 250 pupils : two medical schools, with 14 profes- 
sors, and 262 students. St. Louis is also the site of a United 
States arsenal, and a few miles below the city are -lefl'eraon 
Barracks, with aci^iunmodations for a garrison of 700 men. 
The oflUce uf ihe Land District of St. Louis is located here, 
and also the office of the surveyor-general. The city is 
supplied wiih water from the river, which is raised by a 
steam-engine into a reservoir upon the summit of an ancient 
mound, and is thence ilistributed through imn pipes. The 
streets and public buildings are generally lighted with gas, 
which is .supplied by a company. 

The public press of St. Louis consists of 7 daily, 3 tri- 
weekly, 1 semi-weekly, and 13 weekly newspapers, and 6 
monthly periodicals. The "St, Louis Times" is issued in 
750 



daily, tri-weekly, and weekly editions; the "St. L. Intelli- 
gencer," daily and weekly ; (he '* Organ and Reveille," daily 
and weekly; the "SU L. Kepubliean,"' daily, tri-weekly, and 
weekly; the "St. L. Union," daily, tri-weekly, and weekly; 
**Die Wochentliche Anseiger des Westens." daily; '"Die 
Wochlentiiche Deutsches Tribune,* daily ; the "St. L. Price 
Current," the "Union Banner," the "American Banner," 
the "Shepherd of the Valley," the " Unfere Beit," the 
" Western Watchman," and the "St. L. Presl>ytcrian," are 
issued weekly ; and the " Valley Farmer," the •■* St, L. 
Probe," the " Insurance Rcporl^^-r," the " Western Journal," 
the " Bank Note Detector," and the " Signet," are issued 
monthly. As a general thing, the press of St, Louts ia con- 
ducted with a high standard of tiilent, and occupies a first 
rank in the great department of journalism. Many of its 
issues have a wide circulation. 

The growth of St. Louis, within the past 20 years, has been 
wonderfully rapid, and each great interest has kept pace 
with the whole. It is not alone in commerce that St. Louis 
is a great city, but in manufactures, the arts, and all other 
departments of industrial economy. Improvement has gone 
hand in hand with her general prosperity, and the old 
shanty of the settler has given place to the substantial dwell- 
ing of the resident. In every thing the change has been 
great, and a city of grand proportions, with all the elements 
of future success, has gained a footing where so lately a 
scattered village, depending on Indian trade and the trap- 
per for support, alone existed. 

The census of ISSO gave St. Louis a population of 77,S60, 
of which 73,S42 were white— 42,3*4 males, and 31,458 fe- 
males; 1,362 were free colored persons— 725 males, and 637 
females, and 2,656 were slaves. These numbers constituted 
13.161 families, and occupied 9.662 separate dwellings. The 
population, in 1S30, was 4,377; in 1&40, 16.469— increase 
230.0 per cenL ; and in 1850. 77.680— increase 172. 7 per cent.* 

The population of the city includes 23,774 Germans, 1I,25T 
Lrisb,2,933 English, and 2,450 natives of other countries, mak- 
ing an aggregate of 40,114 natives of foreign countries, leav- 
ing 37,051 for natives of the United States. This presents 
even a greater disparity between tjie native and immigrant 
population that has been supposed to have existed. The ira- 
migrauLs, however, constitute one of the principal sources of 
the wealth and prosperity of the city. They have added mil- 
lions to the value of its real estate, immensely increased the 
aggregate of the annual returns of its productive industry, 
and created an important market for the produeiinns of the 
soil and the wares of the mechanic and the merchant. 

The whole number of manufacturing establishments ia 
operation on the 1st dime, 1850, and producing to the value 
of $500 and upward, annually, was 1.308, iu which was in- 
vested a capital of $4,377,711; and these employed 7,331 
males, and 1,130 females. The annual product of this branch, 
of industry amounted to $15,400,340. The following table, 
showing the number of each kind of business, the capital 
invested, etc., is compiled from the census of the year 
specified : 

Buainees. Cinital. Hnj.<)9eiT.nloye<i. Annual 

' M»i*?a. >em. Product, 

104 Carpenters , .$150,265. .557. . — . .$1,171,590 

9 S^.ne,cutter8... 28,100.. 90.. — .. 122,700 

7 Shirt manufacturers 43,000. . — . .208. . 43.000 

106 Tailors 205,500.. 680. .181 .. 050.550 

14 llatlers ' 26.700.. 72.. 16.. S.^150 

8 Carriage-makers 06.600 . . 138. . — . . 130.000 

9 Iron foundries 389,000. .545. . — . . 569,000 

2 Brass foun<lrie3 17,000. . 22. . — . . 25.000 

71 BlacksmitliB 72,430. .826. . — . . 303,130 

16 Breweries 197,550. . SI . . — . . 285,925 

50 Cabinet-makers 72,760.. 195.. — .. 182,800 

* A census t.iken undfr llie St.ile autboritiea id lW-2, gave tlie popa- 
Ution oftlie city at 9<,ei'i, and of Uie county at 2!»,034— tt.t:il, 123,853, 
of wliich 118,3a^ were wliite persons, l,3Al free persona of rolur. nod 
1,069 slaves. The censuii of white persoos in tlie city gives 51,US1 male* 
and 40,791 female*. 



SAI 



SAI 



Handa empliije 
Cnpitnl, Miilfa. t>m. 

isi . . — . . 

10.. 10.. 



99,301).. 12G.. 100.. 498,950 



10.. — . 
97.. — . 
122.. — . 



22. 



62,250 

T8,9T5..2T2 

4,S(i0.. 14..— 

TOO.. 7..— 

67,1.30.. 170.. — 
7,300.. 27..— 
6,300.. 15..— 
7,700.. 3S..— 
3,710.. 1.3..— 
1,500.. 5..— 



Business. 

85 Tinners Acoppersmilhs. 129.300 

1 Type founder 51,S00 

10 Ohundlers and laril oil ) 

melters i 

8 Tent and .iwning makers 1,709 

7 l:op,-makers 70,230 

50 IJakers 

110 Boot and shoe makers . . 

5 Gunsmiths 

1 Fire-safe maker 

28 Painters and glaziers . . . 

7 Book-hinders 

3 Plane-makers 

3 Trunk-makers 

7 Locksmiths 

1 Chair manufactory 

6 Plumbers 12.500.. 30. 

6 Tobacco manufactories.. 23,000.. 66. 

3 Spirit gas distilleries 20,500.. 7. 

2 Drug and chem. factories 21,000.. 16. 

1 I'louring-mill 600.. 2. 

1 Shot factory 40.000 . . 25 . 

1 Bucket factory 4,000.. 10. 

9 Tanneries 70,200 . . 73 . 

9 Saw-mills 115,000. .103. 

22 Milk dairies 12,830.. 25. 

10 Ujiholsterers 49,960. . 46. 

24 Ir.aildlers 33,916.. ITS. 

6 Turners 2,330.. 8..— 

2 Venetian blind makers.. 4,000.. 5.. 3 
6 Wire-workers 16,800. . 15. . — 

1 Gold-pen maker 1,000.. 1..— 

19 Flour-mills 489,500. .1.51.. — 

2 Planing-mills 47,000 . . 85 

5 Patent medi'nemanuf's. 14,000 8..— 

53 Coopers 32,485. .24S. . — 

2 Glass factories 60,000 . . 70 . . — 

8 Sugar refineries 177,000.. 211.. — 

2 White lead, castor and I iigoQA 

linseed oil factory ( ' 

4 Soda-water mannfacto's. 16,000.. 91 

10 Confectioners 6,700 . . 

1 Whip-maker 600. . 

4 Lime-kilns 2,330.. 

1 Cork manufactory 2.500 . . 

88 Cigar-makers 20,180. . 

2 Kectiflers 4,000. 6.. — , 

6 Machinists 80.100.. 100. . — . 

8 Starch factories 2,5,000 . . 17 . . — . 

44 Brick-yards 89,000. .619.. — . 

6 Sausage-m.ikers 505 . . 6 . . — . 

1 Colton-yarn factory 70.000.. 40. 

18 Bricklayers 16,,500..1O4. 



AiLn.i.il 
l'r,„li,a. 
287,328 
150,000 



112. 
6. 



.160.. 



28..-, 
7.. — . 

14.. — . 
8.. — . 

92.. — . 



80. 



3,500. 
6.150. 
2,100. 
420. 
6.500. 



, 39..— . 
111.. — . 
40.. — . 



2 Organ builders 

6 Cap-makers 

2 .Jewelers 

8 Bandbox-makers.. 
8 Match factories. . . 

49 Butchers $49,920 

1 Oas company 220,000 

1 Cotton baiting factory .. 82,000.. 35..— 

1 Fire and Waterproof 

roof manufactory . . . 

1 Spiee-mill 14,000. . 12. . — 

1 Lead pipe and sheet ( 

lea<l factory f 

2 Bru«h-maker9 

2 Muslard factories 

1 Baakel-maker 

1 ITmbrella-maker 

7 Milliners 

2 Oil cloth manufactories . 



9,000.. 10. 



35,000.. 11..— 
20..— 



2,500. 

1.900.. 8.. — . 

400.. 2.. — . 

4.000.. 8.. 2. 

4,300.. 1.. 48. 

8,000.. 80.. — . 



6,.300 

215.000 

276,640 

402,900 

10,360 

7,000 

. 217.0110 

65,300 

4S,0II0 

74..5O0 

12.fi3S 

3,.50ll 

65,(100 

6T,(inO 

63.000 

45,000 

8.600 

. 375.000 

6,000 

. 223,900 

. 248,000 

33,640 

. 122,800 

. 260,880 

12,S{|0 

6,5011 

26.000 

2,0110 

. 2,36T,750 

96,000 

96,000 

, 2SS.S22 

64.0110 

1,213,600 

600,000 

60,600 

6T,.^00 

4.800 

21.200 

8.T00 

80,2T0 

28,006 

98,000 

165.000 

301,4TO 

9,600 

1T0,{III0 

104,T.iO 

9.200 

11,000 

5,000 

3.TO0 

lO.SOO 

$849,650 

43,0(m 

T3,000 

13,.500 

50,000 

T5,000 

14,500 

2.1 OO 

2,160 

7.500 

29..'iOO 

80,000 



Business. 

2 Saw factories 

3 Vinegar factories 

2 Bellows-makers 

8 Pork houses 

1 Woolen factory 

82 Wagon-makers 

1 Boat (yawl) builder 

2 Distillers 

4 Piano-makers 

1 Comb-maker 

2 Nailors 

1 Mill-stone factory 

6 Daguerreans 

2 Mathematical instru- I 

ment makers f 

2 Edge-tool makers 

1 Block and pump maker. 

2 Saddle-tree makers 

1 Ship (steamboat) yard . . 



Capital." 


',nd.4 e 
-Mains. 


..|.l,.j'eJ. 


Animal 
Truduct. 


16,500. 


16. 


— .. 


84,000 


1.450. 


7. 


— .. 


12,500 


1„500. 


. 3. 


— .. 


32,000 


239,800. 


23. 


— .. 


799.522 


2t 1,(1(10. 


15. 


10.. 


45.000 


2T,2T5. 


121 . 


— .. 


146,585 


150. 


1. 


— .. 


750 


39.(100. 


3T. 


— .. 


82,000 


6,.'i00. 


4. 


— .. 


8,000 


600. 


1. 


— .. 


1,000 


•300. 


3. 


— .. 


2,000 


10,000. 


10. 


— .. 


10,000 


8,000. 


S. 


— .. 


18,000 


2,000. 


2. 


— .. 


7,600 


3,500. 


15. 


— .. 


8,600 


8,000. 


17. 


— .. 


9,000 


8,600. 


34. 


— .. 


15,000 


125.000. 


86. 


— .. 


150,000 



Total $4,377,ni 7,321 1,130 $15,400,340 

St. Louis must, at no distant day, become important as a 
manufacturing city. The heaviest business, as shown above 
in this department, is that of iron-ware. The State boasts 
of her mountains of ore, and the coal region is at the im- 
mediate doors of the city. 'Withia a few yt-ars past, the 
articles made of Iron iiave multiplit-d beyond any expecta- 
tion; railing, fencing for agricultural use, window-sashes, 
donr-fronts, columns, caps, telegraph-wire, and water-pipe, 
are only a few nf the uses to whicb iron lias lately been 
applieil ; and already speculation begins to whisper about 
entire buildings being constructed, and entire streets paved 
with iL The shops of St. Louis already compete with the 
best artisans elsewhere, for the manufacture of steam-engines, 
and of every s-pecies fif machinery. A coimeetion with 
Pilot Knob, and Iron Mountain, by railway, will obviate at 
once the difficulties of transportation, by placing the ore at 
the furnace, cheaply and expeditiously, and thus bring into 
general use this great metal. Missouri contains. then,^vilhin 
her own bosom, an element of wealth that has not yet been 
brought int*i requisition, and which is destined, at no distant 
day, to give a strong and vigorous pulsation to her growth 
in wealth. Besides this, lead and copper ore are abundant, 
exbanslless, and second in quality to the yield of no ulher 
region. The contiguity of these minerals to St. Louis, ren- 
der the mines of far more value than those of Lake Sui)erior, 
and will bring a better return for capital than the iuvest- 
meuts made in the mines of that regir)n. 

If St. Louis, during the ten years preceding 1S50, increased 
from a fraction over 16,0U0 to nearly 80,000 without the ira- 
pulst; of railroads, and notwithstanding many drawbacks, 
what nuist be her progress, and what her population duruig 
the decade next succeeding, when, independent of other 
causes of increase, the city will have more railroads concen- 
trating within her Hmits, than Boston now has. To say that it 
will have half a million of inhabitants, and be the third city in 
the Union in size, would be only relying ujjon what the past 
and present is proving, and wliat the future indicates un- 
erringly. It has hillierto duplicated its population every four 
years, :ind lience the reader may easily calculate the result 
at the period alluded to. 

The people of St. Louis and of the State have decided for 
tlumsi-lvis what shall be their destiny. They have entered 
upon measures of public improvement, the vastness of wliich 
is i>nly equaletLby the wisdom that has planned them; and 
surh is the solid wealth, credit, ami fixed purpose of the 
people, tli:il Ili.'y will certainly carry out what they have 
I.ejiini, and jju-^Ii on to complt-tion the great railroads— the 
Paeifle, the Hannibal and St. Joseph, the SI. Lnuia and 
Northern Missouri, and others in various tlirectiotis. 
Knowing ita own resources, St. Louia views with no jealous 

751 



SAI 



SAI 



eye, the efforts made in lUiuoia and elsewhere, ti> carry out 
railroad enlfrprisea, sut-h as the Central R. K. from Galena 
and Chicago to Cairo, and the various cross lines that are 
being extended from the lalies to the Mississippi — the latter, 
profitable as they may be to the parties interested, will yet 
mainly benetit St Louis, by converting the thiniy inhabited 
country through which they pass into populous and flourish- 
ing districts, whose people will resort to her to exchange their 
products for her manufactures, and the various supplies 
which now reach her from the West Indies, from the south 
and the east; while the Central Railroad, by developing a 
still greater region, comparatively unimproved, and sparsely 
Bettled, extending through Illinois north and south, will 
create and open to the trade of St. Louis a populous belt of 
country in front and to the right and left, the main road 
through which will be reached in less than two hours' time, 
by the cross lines to the east 

By virtue of railroad connections, St Louis will thus be 
made the immediate centre of commerce and manufacture 
Of 1,500,000 people in Illinois and Missouri, while in ten 
years its own people, in all probability, will approach half a 
million, and itself be the acknowledged exchange mart of 
4,000,000 people. 

The receipts at St Louis of principal articles of produce 
for the years 1849, '50, '51, and '52, were as follows : 

Articles. t849, 18S0. 1851. 1852. 

•Wheat bush 881,423 927,.346 1,700,708 1,691,886 

Flour, per riv., bU 301,933 29S,23l 1 jgoggj 130330 

" "wagon" — 3'2,35'2f ' ' ' 

Com sacks 142,183 484,014 1,840,900 S44.720 

OaU " 1«6,8.35 84S.716 794,421 32.3,081 

Barley " 44,013 84,744 101,074 47.2M 

Pork bbls 113,909 101,662 103,013 66.30G 

" tierces — 1,873 15,793 2,704 

Bait saclis 2S9,6S0 261,230 216,933 266,616 

" bbls 22,667 19,16S 46,250 42,231 

Hemp bales 45,227 60,862 65,336 49.122 

lead pigs 691,551 673,602 508,671 409,314 

Tobacco.... hhds 9,664 9,055 10,371 14,053 

" ....boxes — — ''8,.SS0 12,338 

" bales — — — 800 

Beef bbls 14,8.37 6,049 8,872 11,106 

" tiercea 3,121 2,686 5,640 6.546 

Dry Hides.... No. 68,395 94,223 99,736 42.201 

Nails kegs — — 57,862 97,148 

■Whisky bbls 2S,4T1 25,959 47,991 46,446 

Sugar hhds 22,814' 25,796 29,276 85,293 

" bbls 3,000 6,0.34 1 8^™ 2 

" boxes 8,064 12,3S8 1 

•• bags _ _ — 81,745 

Coffee sacks 68,702 7.3,673 101,904 96,240 

Molasses bbls 81.217 29.518 40,251 64,935 

Lard " 64,615 61,625 1 gjooS 42,615 

" tierces 11,041 17,925) 

" kegs 15,513 14,649 14,450 11,815 

Bacon tierces 2,195 7,087 1 ^g™ „ ,55 

" casks 21,7f4 23,248 1 ' 

Bacon bbls 1,646 8,019 | j ^^ j -jq 

" boxes 2,263 1,330) ' ' 

«' pieces — 46,973 6,629 18,809 

" lbs — 82.496 — — 

" Bag'dHams — 2,893 — — 

Bulk Pork.. casks — 1,096 — — 

" "... boxes — 100 — — 

" " ..pieces — 801,381 — — 

«• " lbs 12,589,860 1,481,747 — — 

Lumber feet 24,183,651 14,676,099 — — 

Shingles " 7,3.34,500 4.816,000 — — 

Laths " 10,290,600 283,000 — — 

Staves " — 807,033 — — 

Bagging ..pieces — — 2,746 8,650 

BaleEopc.coUs — — 84,088 '42,121 
782 



The commercial importance of the city is more readily 
made visible by a view of its shipping trade. Below will be 
found statements showing the arrivals, tonnage, etc., of 
steamboats and barges in the years 1S47, '4S, '49, '60, '51, 
and '53 respectively : >f 

Arrivals from 1847. 1949. 1849, 1850. 1851. la-iS, 

New Orleans 502. . . .426. . . .813. . . .808. . . .800. . . .8.30 

Ohio River 430. . . .429. . . .401 . . . .493. . . .401. . . .520 

Illinois River 66S.... 690.... 686.... 7S8.... 6.54.... 858 

Upper Mississippi. 717. . . .697. . . .806. . . .635. . . .689. . . .705 
Missouri River. .. .314. . ..827. ...855. .. .890. .. .801 ... .817 

Cumberland — ...'. — — — 43 30 

Cairo 146.. ..194.. ..122.... 75. ...119. .. .223 

Other ports 202.... 896.... 217.... 215.... 175.... 201 

Total 2,969. . 8,159. .2,975. . 8,239. . 2,612. . 8,174 

Tonnage... — .. —633,892 681,252.. — .. — 
Keelboals. — .. — .. 166.. 115.. — .. — 

The imports from foreign countries, according to the U. i 
Treasury Reports in 1850, were valued at $359,648. Ton- 
nage owned in the district 28,907 tons, all of the class enrolled 
and licensed, and of which 24,056 tons were navigated by 
steam. Five steamers .(1,354 tons) had been built during 
the year. 

The following is a statement of the principal transactions 
at the custom-house in the years 1851 and 1862 ; 

1852. IBbU 

The foreign value of goods,ware9, 
and merchandise, imported into 
St Louis from foreign countries, 
and entered for consumption at 
this port in 1852 $954,956 00 $757,509 QD 

Foreign value of merchandise re- 
maining in public store on 31st 
Dec, ult 11,666 00 8,261 S9 

The foreign value of merchandise 
entered at other ports for trans- 
portation hither, but not yet re- 
ceived, estimated 72.95100 107,902 00 

Total $1,039,473 00 $873,672 89 

Of the above-mentioned goods, 
wares, and merchandise, enter- 
ed for consumption in 1852, the 
imports were from the following 
countries: From England, the 

foreign value of which was $481,843 00 $406,113 00 

France 75,253 00 38,404 00 

Germany and Holland 22,695 00 23,239 00 

Spain and Dependencies 262,880 00 220,770 OO 

Brazil 93,056 00 68,983 00 

Manilla (E. I.) 62.903 00 

Other countries 6,705 00 

Total $954,946 00 $767,509 OD 

The general descriptions of mer- 
chandise iraportecl and entered 
for consumption are, viz. : sugar 

and mohisses, foreign cost $41.3,172 00 $289,758 00 

Hardware, cutlcrj-, etc 118,270 00 183,40100 

Railroad iron 132,894 00 100,211 00 

Earthen and glassware 60,729 00 98,786 00 

Tin-plate, tin, iron, copper, etc.. 59,826 00 81,482 00 

Dry goods and fancy goods 110,814 00 24,237 00 

Brandies.wine9,gin8,cordial8,etc. 82,985 00 24,712 06 

Burr stones 620 00 2,267 00 

Drugs and medicines 750 00 2,618 00 

Cigars 5.733 00 

Total $954,946 00 $757,509 00 



SAI 



Amounts of Juties on iniporU col- 
lected 



SAI 



Hospital moneys 

^ Total amoimt colleoted in 1S53 
Aounl cxpcniled in ls52 for re- 
liif of sick and distressed sea- 
men 

Tonnage on steam vessels remain- 
ing on .31st Dec, IS53 



$290,]eS 85 $339,318 68 
S.li!) S9 3,941 03 

$393,3;iS 74 $343,359 71 



•$3,1133 01 $,1,411 44 

8G,373 00 

St. Louis is divided into six wards, and is goven>e<l bv a 
ZTl\ f ""'"'' "•■"' "^O"™™ '•"■leil. Besides the ordi- 
pea. w„h jurisdiction very similar to the circuit court, a 

JlKse are local courts, exercising jurisdiction only in the 
ommy. and the recorder's jurisdiction is conllne.lV , a I 
oir.-nses „„h,n the city limits. The following is the valua- 
wit'l/; ,' "''',•■■■".! "">-l!""'^°f e.-.ohwardin ISol. together 
« till the ta.x which each ward paid in that year. 



Wnr.l,. 

First Ward.... 
Second Ward . 
Thir.l Ward... 
Fourth Ward., 
l^illh Ward. .. 
Sixth Ward 



VALFATION m 1.S5I. 
Olil Liiii.ta. New I.j 

•$.WI,794 



Total. 



653.(r2I. 
. . 6,363.044. 
.. C.:::75,735. 
. . 2,93fl.il9S. 

861,993., 

.$17,079,374 



$3,267,9.34.. 
884,263.. 
2,519,801.. 
1,9.53.439.. 
1,287,430.. 
4,79(1,031.. 



T.ttnl. 
$3^69.73-! 
1,486,386 
8,783,50,5 
8,.333,1.54 
4,307,518 
6,162,013 



First Ward . . . 
Scccin<l Ward 
Thinl Ward.. 
F..iirlh Ward. 
Fillh Ward... 



.vlh Ward 4,036., 

Total .$233,1.30 



•$14,651,930 
TAXES IN 1851. 
Olii I.miJia. N-e„ I.,mit,. 

•*S-'i96 $36,696.. 

■ A"."'! 9,286.. 

. 03,999 
. 70,404 
33,834 



31,731,304 



T.,1.tI. 
.$42,392 
. .49,907 

21.654 90,663 

2T,790 98,194 

15,044 47,.308 

63.988 RS.n4 



, ,. . , $164,453 $3S6,5SS 

A hst embraciug the names of those citizens who o«n 
property within the city limits exceeding $100,,™t val e 
has been compiled from the assessment books. No one 
« 111 misconccve the sense of the list The figures oppos e 
every name ndica.e, not the assessed value of al thS r 
estate, nor the total of their wealth, but the value of thei 



JIany v,ealihy citizens of the ol,l times have iv.w fmm 
some cause or other, dwindle.! into poveitv, and 'man, 
others who a few years since did not own a f.,r,t of real e."- 
late, h.-ive become millionaires t.vday. The e„„tn,« if i„ 
some cases painful, is at all events curious. ( „dv ihos; f,x" 
payers whose representatives, or who llir 
living, arc noticed in the following list, 
ers that there were at that time, the 
cipal 85 are given. 

Basseroa, Charles $0.23,5 

Berlhuld, Bartholomew 7,000 

Bates, Edw'd 1,000 

Bohb, John 2,8t)0 

Benoist, Toussain and 

Seraphim 1,200 

Chensa, Anloine 9.175 

Clark, Gov. William.. . 9,930 
Chambers, William... 1,>)00 
Chouteau, Sr. Pierre. .13,025 
Chouteau, Sr. Auguste 9,105 
Duchoquette, Bapliste. 3,500 
Duchoquclle, Francois 1,345 

Duncan, Eobert. 1,865 

Everheart, George 730 

Eiislisli, Elkanah 1,020 

Essex enough 3,000 

Forsyth, Thomas 2,315 

Farren & Walker, Drs. 1,700 

, 3.700 

, 1,935 

, 240 

4,.330 

8,300 

2.50n 



eiiisehcs are still 

Of the 429 tax-pay- 

he^uames nf only the priii- 



M-Guirc, Thomas $1,910 

iV'Kniglit i, liraJy b,3uu 

O'Fallan, .John 0,430 

Papin, Al'!xaiider .3,715 

1,500 
1,315 
1,200 
4,680 
4,850 



. 200,000 
. 101,600 



Allen, Thomas $874,000 

Ashley, Elizabeth... 131,800 
Benoist, Louis A.. 
Berthold.B. est... 

liiddle, .John 

Bogy, L. V 

Boyce, Octavia 

Brant, .1. B 

Carr, Wm. C 

Chamber, Charles. 



Harney, W. S 

Harney, Mary 

Lindell. .Jesse G... 
Linden, Peter. 



11.5,700 Linden, P. 

191,000 Lucas, .James 11. 

'10,0110 Lucas & Hunt 693 



$181,900 
36,5,000 
102,700 
430,000 
and J. G. 143,400 
453,000 
,000 



313,600 Mullanphy, Brvan.. 291000 

12^,000 0'F.alton, Col. John. 33S,,300 

„, , ^ ^ 12'V'OO p.,ge, D. D 427.500 

Chouteau, P., .Jr. ... . oi|n,ooo ' " - *-i-nw 



Farrar, Barnard G. 

Furguson, Peter... 

Finney, John 

Geyer. Henry S 

Gratoist, Charles... 

Gamble, Archibald. 

Giddings. Salmon 1,200 

" ' ~ " ' . COO 

. .530 

. 8,630 

, 1.200 

7,900 

6,136 

, s;ooo 

20,000 
3,600 
10,065 



Provencher, J. L. 
Provencher, Peter... 

Prim, .John 

Paul, Kene 

Paul, Gabriel 

Papin, Ilypl. and Sylv. 5,985 

Papin. Theodore 2,000 

PhiUibert, .Joseph 4.055 

Paul & I iigrani 20,|)00 

Pratte, B. and .Jos 11.800 

Price Hisdon H g.soo 

Pllillip.sen, Jos n 000 

Pratte, Bernard io,'l65 

Quarlas, Robert 3,000 



Hunt, Wilson P. 

Hawkin, Jacob 

Hanley, Thomas 

Hunt, Theodore 

Hammond, Samuel. . 

Kcnnerly. .James 

Kennerly, Jas. & Geo. 

Kerr, Bell & Co 

Kerr, Matthew 

Lisa's, est 

Labadie, Maria Antoin- 

"•'■. «t 5^000 

Linden, J. & Co.. com- 
posed ofP.,,J,&j.L. 5,0.50 
Lahcanme, T^onis, esL , 300 

Laveille, Francois 4] 

Long, Gabriel... 
Lakenan. .Tames 



Reed, Jesse 

P.ector, Wra 

Kankin, Eobert 

Koubidox, Jus, and F . 

Reed, Jacob, est 

Recto 



4,000 
10.900 
SOO 
9,055 
1,500 



Chouteau, Henry 18,5,500 

Clemens. .James, .Jr. 842,000 
Deaver, L.irkin est.. 115,300 
Ewing, Benoist, et al 118,000 
Finney, J. and W... 16.3.C00 
Galy, McCune & Co. 171.000 

Gay, J. H 115,800 

Graham, Richard. .. 200,000 



118,300 



Pratte, Bernard 

Rankin, Robert, est. 1,55.700 

Shaw, Henry 204.100 

Stiekney& Scollay.. ISS^OOO 

Tyler, Robert 837,000 

Waddingham, Wm. 110,600 

Walker, Isaac 307,50.0 

Walsh, .Land E.... 160.500 
Wood, J.ime3 107,000 



Besides the above, there are 273 persons whoso property 
la severally valued from 20,000 to 99,000 doUars. 

The thirty years since 1830 have effected vast changes in 
the wealth and general eiri'umslanccs of St. Louis, and an 
exhibit of the assessment of that il.iy along with one of the 

48 



2,000 
1.730 

Lee, ^lary Ann 1.720 

Lane, William Carr. 

Lahbadie, .Joseph L. 

Landreville, Andre.., 

Lecompte, Margaret.. 

Lucas, .Tohn. 11. C. 



1,000 
],.525 
7,875 
9,305 
.10,000 



'r, Eli.i8 1,365 

Riddock, Thom,as F. . . 7,070 

Reynard, Hyaeiulh 7,570 

Sullivan, William 2,4.35 

SaiTade Jean 1,800 

Smith, William, est.... 6,500 

Scott, Moses 1012 

Smith, Oliver C....... 2)713 

Simpson, Robert 4.200 

Sarpy, .John B 6,870 

Sangtiinetle, M.irianne 6,415 

Stokes & Ashley 4,oo0 

Scott, Alexander 2,500 

Thornton. .John ,>)0 

Tisson, Loufa H soO 

Tesson, Michael 9,c63 

Town & Pent 2,000 

Tracy & Walirendorff. . 3,670 

Vonphul, Henry 5,460 

Valois, Francois S615 

Wiggins, S.amuel 1,200 

Whetmore, Alphonzo. 1 .387 



Mullanphy. .John 8.100 I Wherrv 



White, I.sa.ac W.... 

White, Joseph 

Wolford. Ann 

Walker. David C, 
"Wilier & Page 



Maekay, James. 

.Moore, -Tames 

M'Nair, Alexander. , 



1,.500 
1,2S0 
6,400 



Maeka 



. 412 

. 800 
. 2,115 

2.845 
, 1,150 

1.085 



Wash, Robert 3,975 

Teste, Theaste 4 790 



For the year 1821 the total taxes levicl on property situ- 
ated within the town limits and precincts, is $3,S38 80 Kt 
Louis at that period contained only some 307 buildings' and 
there were but sixty stores in the town. The total number 
of .'itves was 816. 

The history of St. Louis is one of great ititerest. On the 
iDth iehruary, 1764, La Clede and his party landed at Iho 

753 



SAI 



SAI 



spot now occupied, by the city, and proceeded to draw the 
town limits, which ho named St. Louis, in honor of Louis XV. 
of France, a town whi(?h subsequ<?ntiy became the capital 
of Upper Louisiana, and wMch is now the commercial 
capital of Missouri. For longr years after this period, the 
beasts of the forest afforded nourishment to the settlers, and 
rude hutd on the ground and scaffolding in the trees shelter 
and protection to the daring people who first exposed (he 
bosom of the soil to the genial influences of social industry. 
From tiie lime of its esftblishment up to the year 176S, SL 
Louis had grown apace, and every thing connected with its 
position and prospects warranted the antieipalion of a 
peaceful existence under a miid and patriarchal form of 
government. In the mean time, howevt-r, the tact of the 
ce6Si()u of Louisiana to Spain became known, and disturb- 
ance at once interrupted the trantju'Hit'y o'" ^^^ settlers, who 
rebelled against the change of masters. The inhabitants 
clung closely to their loved government of France, and it 
was not until 176S that St. Louis was occupied by Spanish 
troops. From this period, the settlements made but little 
progress. Upon the transfer of the country from Spain to 
the United States in ISOS, the immigration of the Anglo- 
Americans commenced, and the population slowly but 
steadily augmented in numbers. On the 26th March, 1S04, 
the country was constituted a District of the United States, 
under the name of the District of Louisiana, and on the 
19th October of the same year, W. H. Harrison, then 
governor of Indiana, instituted tlie American authority. On 
the 4Ih July, 1S05, it was erected into the Territory of 
Louisiana, and on the 4th July, 1S12, it received the name 
of the Territory of Missouri. '* We have now arrived at a 
period," says Wilson Primm, in an address on the anniver- 
sary of the founding of the ciiyin ISSl.when a m;w era was 
to dawn, not only on St Louis, but on all her northern and 
western dependencies, when a power greater than that of 
the fabled lamp of Aladdin was to be brought into requisi- 
tion, and by its magic, to mature as it were in a day, in the 
■western wilds of America, an existence, which on the shores 
of the eastern continents, the lapse of centuries had not been 
able to procure. In 181T, the ' General Pike,' the first steam- 
boat that ever ascended the Mississippi, made its appearance 
at St. Louis." The " Independence" was the first steamboat 
that ascended the Missouri (May, 1S19). Passing over 
the fierce discussions which eventuated in the establishment 
of Missouri as one of the confederacy in 1S20, we come to 
the year 1S22, when St. Louis was erected into a oily. Since 
that time what wonderful changes have taken place. Work- 
ing its way to importance ,and greatness, St. Louis has still 
maintained its onward and upward flight. The advantages 
of education, the lights of science, the blessings of religion, 
placed within the reach of all; the establishment of a wise 
and vigorous municipal government, under the auspices of 
which its limits have been enlarged, and its interior im- 
proved and embellished; the erection of manufactures, the 
extension of the arts, the regulation of commerce — all these 
results have derived themselves from the natural resources 
of the city, and the intelligence and entt-iprise of its inhab- 
itants. St. Louis has now a name and reputation at home 
and abroad of which all may be proud. 

Saint Loins river, Minn, and Wist\ : rises by two prin- 
cipal head branches in iJead Fish and Seven Beaver lakes, 
flows southerly in winding course until it turns, and empties 
into the W. end of Lake Superior. 

Saint Louisville, p. o. and sta., Licking co., Ohio: on 
the line of the Sandusky, Mansfiehl, antl Newark K. K., 
109 m. S. Sandusky City, and 7 m. N. Newark, 31 m. N. E. 
Columbus. 

Saint Lttoie coimty, Flor. Situate E., toward the S., and 
contains about 3,200 sq. ra. Drained by Kissimmee river, 
which flows into Lake Okechobeo, in the S. W., St. Lucie 
river, and branches of Indian river, which bounds it on the 
E. Surface level and low. a large portion being swamp; 
soil, where fit for cultivation, is fertile, and suited for the 
754 



growth of cotton. Chief productions, rice, cotttin, whe.-it, 
Indian corn, and fruits. FarmsO; manuf. ; dwe)!.22,and 
pop._wb, 111, fr. col. 1, si. 27— total 139. CajtiUd : 

Saint Marie, p. v., Jasper co., JU. : on the left bank of 
Embarras r., 105 m. S. E. Springfield. 

Saint Mark's, p. v.. Wakulla co., I^or, : on St. MarR*^, 
near the confluence of the Wakulla, which togellu-r f >rm Ap- 
palachce, 20 m. S. by E. Tallahassee, with which it is con- 
nected by railr()ad, and of which it is the port. It has con- 
siderable other business. 

Saint Maiik's river, F/or. : rises in a small ponil. in Jef- 
ferson CO., flows S. W. 20 m., and unites with the Wakulla, 
to form Appalaohee r., flflwing S. into the GuJf of Mexico. 
Boats drawing 4 feet water ascend to its source. There is 
S feet of water to St. Mark's v., G m. from the gulf, but the 
navigation is crooked, and impeded by oyster beds. At the 
mouth of the r. is a light-house. 

Saint Mark's, U. S. collection dist., Flor. : comprising 
St. Mark's r. and vicinity ; had on June SOili. 1S50, a ton- 
nage of 853 tons, consisting of 2S2 tons enrolled and li- 
censed, permanent, and employed in the coasting trade, and 
71 tons licensed under 20 tons; with no foreign commerce 
or ship-building at that date. Port Leon is the port of 
entry. ^ 

Saint Martin parish, La. Situate S. "W. of the E. dis- 
trict, and contains 1,117 sq. m. Drained by Teche river in 
the S. W. and W., and branches of Grant river in the E., 
and numerous small streams falling into Lake Chetiniaches 
which occupies the central and S. E. portion of the county 
Surface is varied, and there is some prairie land ; soil along 
the streams is fertile and easy of cultivation, and yields con- 
siderable quantities of cotton, fruits, etc. Chief products, 
sugar, cotton, rice, indigo, and Indian com. Farms 420 ; 
manuf 0^ dwell. 940, and pop.— wh. 4,741, fr. col. 5;J1, si. 
5,S3o — total 11,107. Capital: St. Martinsville. Public 
Works : New Orleans, Opelousas, and Texas E. R. 

Saint Martin's, p. v., AYorcester co., Md. : at the head 
of St, Martin's r., 7T m. S. E. Annapolis. 

Saint Martin's river, Worcester co.^.Md,: a large inlet, 
with a number of confluences, rising from the E. edges of 
the Cypress swamp. The Isle of \V ight divides its entrance 
into Sinepuxent bay, into two channels. 

Saint Martinsville, p. v., and cap. St. Martin's par.. La. : 
on both j-ides of Layuu Teche, and at the head of steamboat 
navigation, 4^3 m. S. W. Baton Uouge. It contains a court- 
house, jail, etc., and has considerable trade, principally in 
cotton. 

Saint Mart's parish, La. Situate S. W. in E. district, and 
contains 720 sq. m. Drained by Teehe river, and Salle and 
Cypra Mort bayous. Surface level ; soil diversified, in some 
parts being liable to inundation, and too wet for tillage. 
Where this is not the case it proves fertile, and is well fitted 
for the growth of cotton, sugar, rice, etc., which are tho 
staple productions. Its S. W. coast is indented with large 
b.iys. Farms 193; manuf. 0; dwell. 746, and pop. — wh, 
.3,423, fr. col. 4'->4. si. 4,961— total S,S08. Capital: Franklin. 
PnUic Works: New Orleans, Opelousas, and Texas It. K. 

Saint Mary's county, Md. Situate W., and contains 315 
sq. m. Drained by small streams flowing into the Potomac 
and Patiixcnt rivers. Surface level; soil fertile, and pro- 
duces abundantly tobacco, which is the staple. Farms 813 ; 
manuf. 9; ihvell. 1.512, and pop.— wh. 6.225, fr. col. 1,631, 
si. 5,S42— total 13,693. Capital: Leonardstown. 

Saint Maey's. p. v., and port of entry, Camden co., 6a.: 
on N. bank of St, Mary's r., 102 in. S. S. W, Savannah, ISS 
m. S. E. Millodgeville. It has a safe harbor, ami vessels 
drawing 21 feet of water come to its wharves. It contains 
a church, academy, several slores, etc. Pop. about 700. 
The tot:il tonnage of St. Mary's district, on June 3mh, 1S50, 
was 1,425 tons, of which Iho registered tonnage was 492 
Ions, temporary, and the enrolled and licensed tonnage was 
933 tons (092 t. permanent. 241 t temporary) employed in 
the coasting irade. During the year preceding there was no 



S.U 



SAI 



forei^ commerce nor ehip-building. Tlie tonnage and 
other importance of St. Mark'3 has decreased Since the ac- 
cession of Florida to the Union. 

Saixt Mary's, p. c, Wood co., Ttrff. : 240 m. N. w. 
Eichmond. 

'* 5aist Mary's, p. o., Hancock co., III. : on the left bank 
of Crooked cr., 77 m. N. W. Springfield. 

Saint Maky^s, p. o., Linn co., la. : on a branch of Cedar 
r., 17 m. N. Iowa City. 

Saint Mart's, p. o., Vigo county, Ind.: 70 m. W. S. W. 
Indianapolis. 

Saint Mary's, t. and p. v., Auglaize county, Ohio: S3 m. 
W.N W. Columbus. Drained by SI. Marj'"* r. and branches. 
Surface level ; soil very fertile. The v., formerly cap. of 
the CO., is on the W. bank of the r. so called, and on the 
line of the Miami Canal, 133 m. N. Cincinnati. It contains 
several stores, mills, etc The "Sentinel and Democrat" 
(dera.) is issued weekly. Pop. of v. 874 ; of t, 1,SG7. 

Saint Mary's, p. o., Chester co, Penn.: 61 m. E. S. E. 
Harrisburg. 

Saint Mary's, v., St, Mary's co., Md. : on the E. side of St. 
Mary's r., about S m. from its confluence with the Potomac, 
53 m. S. Annapolis. The site of St. Mary's City, founded 
by the first emigrants, the " Pilgrims of St. Mary's," '27ih 
March, 1674, is a little S. of this. 

Saint Maby's, p, o., Lafayette co., Wise: 49 m. S. W. 
Madison. 

Saint Mary's river, Ga, and Flor. : rises in Okefinokee 
Swamp, in the S. E. part of Ware co., Ga., flows S. for some 
distance, then suddenly turns N., and after flowing in that 
<iirection about 33 m., it takes an E. course, until it empties 
by St. Mary's sound into the Ailanlic. It is 105 m. long, at 
low tide has 13J feet of water on the bar at its moulh, and 
19 i feet at ordinary high tide, and forms the be^t harbor 
on the E. coast of Florida. 

Saint Mary's river, Md. : a large inlet of Potomac r., in 
S. E. part of St. Mary's co. For slatistics of St Mary's U. 
S. collection district, see St. Inigoes. 

Saint Mary's river, Ohio and Ind.: rises in W. part of 
Angiaize co., flows N. W. itilo In<liana to iis confluence at 
Fort Wayne with St. Joseph's r., with which it forms 
Maumee river. 

Saint Mary's strait. Mich. : is tl\e outlet of Lake Superior, 
connecting it with Lake Huron. II is about 70 m. long, but 
is naturally divided into two sections by the falls of St. 
Mary, 15 m. below Lake Superior. These falls are more 
properly great rapids, } m. long, and have a descent of 'l-l 
feet 10 inches. A ship. and steamboat canal is about being 
constructed around them. Below the falls the strait is nav- 
igable for small steamboats, and vessels drawing 6 feet of 
water, though the navigation is most diflSeult. It contains 

4 very large islands, and several smaller ones, which divert 
its w.iter into principal and cross channels. The usual ship 
channel is the W. strait, which has an average width of 
I m. The entire fall of the r. between the lakes is 44 feet 

5 inches, and its cmTent (exclusive of the rapids) has a 
medium rale of IJ- m. per hour. The strait abounds with 
fish of various kinds, which are taken in great quantities, 

■ and e.Ktensively exported. 

Saint Mary's Landinij, p. v., St. Genevieve co., Mo. : on 
the W. bank of the Missi.s.sippi r., at the month of Saline 
cr.,70 m. below St. Louis and 12(; m. E. S. E. Jeffers(m City. 
Salt springs are numerous in the vicinity, aift salt has been 
manulactured here. 

Saint Mathews, p. v., Orangeburg disL, S. Car. ; on Caw- 
caw Swamp of North Edisto r., 23 m. S. by E. Columbia. 

Saint Micuael's, p. v., Talbot co.. Md. : on the W. aide 
of St. Michael's r., a large inlet nf Eastern bay of Chesa- 
peake bay, 19 m. S. E. Indianapolis. Pop, SlJ3. 

Saint Omer, p. o., Decatur co., Ind. ; on the N. side of 
Flat Hock cr., on the Lawrenceburg and Upper Mississippi 
fi. E., 33 m. S. E. Indianapolis. It is a pleasant village 
with about 450 inhabitants. 



Saint Paris, p. v., Champaign co., C/uo; 51m. W. byN. 
Columbus. 

Saint Patl, p. v.. and cap. Kamsey co., Minn. Ter. : on 
the lefl bank of the Mississippi, 15 m. by water and 8 m. by 
hind below the Falls of St Anthony, and about half that 
distance Ix-low the mouth of Miniu'soia r., hit. 4AP 52' 4G" N., 
and long. 93O04'54" W. It is situate ou two broad benches 
ol land, the lowest of which is 50 feet above the high water 
murk of tlie Mississippi, which river flows past the town in 
an E. by N. direction. The town site is flanked by Kauii- 
ful bluffs, from which issue springs of cold clear water, and 
nature has done every thing to make it a romantic and 
healthful situation. The first store, or trading house, was 
built in 1S4'2, and seven years later it was ihe site of a 
Catholic mission, surrounded by stunted copse, and looking 
across the river from his elevated table rock, the pious re- 
cluse saw a gloomy and silent forest frowning upon the slug- 
gish waters and rising with the river hills, falling back for 
miles into the prairie, presenting an aspect of interminable 
woodlands reaching to the distant sunset The town has 
risen from this wilderness as if by ma^ic. It has now an 
imposing State-house, 139 leet by 53 feet, a court-house, 
with mL-tallic dome, glittering in the sun like a fairy castle, 
jail, nine churches for Christiau worship, 513 dwellings, of- 
fices and shops, 70 manufactories and business houses, 4 
hotels, 4 school-houses, public and private. In machinery 
of various kinds, including a flouring-mill, an iron foundry, 
a plr)w factory, 4 wagon shops, etc., $177,000 is invested; 
and stocks of merchandise of all descriptions are valuedat 
$790,000— the last sum including the amount invested in 
the Indian trade. These statistics refer to the spring of 
1S53, at which period it contained between 2,500 and 3.000 
inhabitants. In 1^50 its population numbered only 1,135. 
Lines of steamers, coming and going daily, omnibuses, 
coaches, etc, and yet St. Paul's is in the wilderaess. Look 
wht-re you will, and the primitive features of the surround- 
ing country remain unchanged, and the wild animal and 
Indian still Iiaunt the gmunds to which ages of occupaiuy 
have given them a prescriptive right This new town, liow- 
ever, will *'go ahead," and must eventually become a dt-jiot 
of a vast interior commerce. It will receive and distril.ure 
the mercliant ware of the Upper Mississippi and the whole 
valley of the Minnesota, which is now being opened to set- 
tlement Already the annual arrival of steamers from below 
averages 200, bringing to the rising State a wealth of labt^r 
that will soon level the forests and make the land glad with 
its burden of agricultural profusion. "The society at St 
Paul's," says a recent writer, "is a peculiar conglomeration 
of attractive and repellaot elements, reaching through all 
shades of color, from the bronzed savage to the smoothy 
polished Circassian; and that confusion of tongues which 
distracted the builders of Babel is no comparison to the St 
Pauhan jargon. The Sioux, the French, the Patois, Dutch, 
German, Norwegian, Irish, English, and American alter- 
nately salute you in the street. * * * There are but few 
drones here; every body is busy, with no idle moneyed 
aristocrats to tyrannize over the industrious poor. * * * 
All here are strangers from different parts— all adventurers ; 
all industrious, generally very orderly, and consequently 
very prosperous ami happy." 

Saint Paul, p. o., Madison county, Arl: : 106 m. N. W. 
Little Ivoek. 

Saint Pattl, p. v., Greene co., M<>. : on a f irk of James r., 
97 m. S. by W. Jefferson City. 

Saint Paul, p. o., Clark county, Ala. : 100 m. W. S. W. 
Moiilgoiiiery. 

Sai.nt Paul's, p. o., Koheson co., A'. C«n .• 63 m. S. by W. 
Raleigh. 

Saint Petep.'s, p, o., Chester co., Penn. : 63 m. E. by S. 
Harrisburg. 

Saint Peter's, p. o., Franklin co., Ind.: 59 m. E. S. E. 
Indianapolis. 
Saint P.egis river. A' Y. : rises in St Eegis lake, in 

755 



SAT 



SAL 



Frankliu county, and flqwa N. by winiliiig course into the 
St. Luwrcnce. 

Sa;nt Simon's islands nnd soiuid, G(i. : lie off Glynn 
county. E. and N. E. Bnmswick. 

Saint Stephen, p. o., l''.iuquier county, Tirg.: 79 miles 
N. by W. Richmund. 

Sai^t 8tei'Hrn"6, p. v., "Wnshingflon co., Aln. : on the 
ri^ht hank of the Tombiirbcc r., V12 m. S. W. Monlgonicry. 
It is Inealed :U the head of schooner navigation. Itcontains 
a number of worJish"ps, stores, etc., and a XJ. S. land ofHec. 
The buildings are chiefly of stf>ne, bat present a dilapidated 
appearance. 

Saint Taximasty parish, La. Biluate E. in the east dis- 
trict, and contains 1,043 sq. m. Drained l>y Tangipalica and 
Chifuncte rivers, Bogue Eallia, and otlier small streams. 
Surface generally uneven and in parts hilly, and adapted to 
grazing; soil barren for tho most part, but there are some 
ferlile tracts on the streams, which are we!l cultivated and 
prove productive. Staple articles, cotton, sugar, and rice. 
' Pine Limber abounds extensively. Farms 90 ; inanuf. 33 ; 
dwell. 7S6, and pop.— wh. 3,6-12, fr. col. 359, si. 2,303— total 
6,864. Ctipital : Co\iugtoii. 

Saint Tammany's, p. c, Mecklenburg co., Virg. : 73 m. 
S. W. Richmond. 

Saint Tuomas, t. and p. v., Franklin co., Penn. : 53 m. 
S. "W. Harrisburg. Drained by Back cr. Surface uneven; 
soil various. The village on the line of the proposed railmad 
from Gettysburg to Greensburg contains some manufactor- 
ies, etc. In the town there is a furnace (constructed in 1S2S) 
of 1,400 tons annual capacity moved by water-power. Pop- 
ulation of t. about 2,000. 

Salamonie river, Itid. : rises in S. E. corner of Jay co., 
near the Ohio boundary, flows N. W., and empties into 
Wabash r. opposite to Lagro. It is an excellent mill-stream, 
but not navigable. 

Salem county, y. Jer. Situate S. W., and contains SIS 
sq. m. Drained by Stow, Salem, Alloway's, and Oldman's 
creeks, which flow into Delaware bay and river. Surface 
even ; soil varied, but in general is ferlili? — in the N. portion 
it consists principally of a deep loam with an inlermiNture 
of sand and clay, in the S. E. gravelly. Chief productions, 
wheat and Indian corn. Pork and beef are exported large- 
ly. It contains extensive beds of marl. Farms 1.313; 
manuf. 142 ; dwell. 3,515, and pop.— wh. 17,415, fr. col. 2,052, 
el. 0— total 19,467. Ctijni-al: Salem. 

Salem, p. v., Eussell county, Ala. : 69 miles E. by N. 
Montgomery, 

Salem, p. v., Newton co., Tex. : on the Sabine r., at the 
mouth of Big Cow cr., 261 m. E. Austin City. 

SALE.M. t and p. v.. New London co., Cmm. : 29 m. S. E. 
Hartford, 36 m. E. N. E. New Haven. Is an agricultural 
township, with fertile soil, well watereil by several streams. 
Gardner's lake lies on its N. E. border. Incori)orated in 
1819, and contains 4 churches. Pop. of t 760. 

Salem, p. v., Clark co., Ga.: on Green Briar cr., 89 m. 
N. by "W. Milledgeville. 

Salem, p- v., and cap. Marion co., TIL : on the borders 
of Grand Prairie, at the head of Crooked cr., 90 m. S. S. E. 
Springfield. It contains the county buildings, etc., and 
promises to become an important place upon the comple- 
tion of the Ohio and Mississippi K. B.. and the Massac and 
Sangamon B. R., which will pa«s thmugh iL 

Salem, t., p. v., sta., an<I cap. Washington co., Jjid. : near 
tho head waters of Blue r. and on the New Albany and 
Salem It. R., 35 ra. N. N. W. New Albany and 79 m. S. 
from Indianapolis. It is located near the centre of the 
county, on rolling ground, and is one of the p!c:isanteat 
places in the State. This village suffered much from the 
cholera in 1S32, and for several years it did not improve; 
but important improvements arc now being made, and con- 
siderable business is carried on in manufactures, etc. The 
public buildings are a court-house, jail, fire-proof offices, a 
marfet-hnuse, fine and commodious churches of all denom- 
756 



inalions, a flourishing county eemiiiary, a female academy 
under the patronage of the Salem Presbytery, about 300 
houses, mostly of brick and well constructed, and 1.500 in- 
hahitants. The manufactories (which are various) are 
cliiefly moved by steam. The public press coii^-ists 'ij 3 
papers: the "Salem News" (whig), " Washiugton Demo- 
crat" (dem.), and The "Salem Locomoli^" (neut.), all 
weekly issues. 

Salkm, p. v., Henry co., la.: 56 m. S. Iowa City. The 
village is surrounded by bcautihil prairie land. Settled in 
1S34 by a number of Friends from Salem, N. J., and incor- 
porated in 1S39. It contains several stores, places of in- 
struction, mechanic shops, etc. 

Salem, p. v., and cap. Livingston co., Kt/.: near Clay 
Lick cr., 193 m. S. "W. FrankforL It contains the court- 
house, jail, etc. Pop. about 300. 

Sale-M, t. and p. v., Franklin co., Me.: 4S m. N. N. W. 
Augusta. This is a good farming t, watered by Seven 
Mile brook. Mount Abraham commences in its N. parL 
Incorporated in 1S23. Pop. of t. 454. 

Salem, p. city, port of entry, and ime of tho caps. Essex 
CO., Mass.: on Salem harbor of Massachusetts bay, 14 m. 
N. E. by N. Boston. Lat. (E. I. M. Uall) 42© 31' is" N., 
long. 70° 53' 53" W. It is chiefly built on a narrow jienin- 
sula, formed by two inlets from tho harbor, called North and 
South rivers. The latter forma the main harbor, which 
aflVtrds good anchorage ground, but vessels drawing more 
than 14 feet of water must be partially unloaded before Ihey 
can come to its wharves. The site of the city is low, but 
pleasant and healthy. Its compact portion is about IJ m. 
long and ^ m. wide. Its streets are quite irregular, but of 
late many of them have been much improved. It is gener- 
ally well built, and many of the houses and public buildings 
are very handsome structures. Washington Square is a 
fine pul)Iic park of eight acres, ornamented with trees, etc. 
The principal public buildings are, the City Ilall, built in 
1837, a very fine building, with granite front; the Court- 
house, a new edifice, handsomely situated; the Custom- 
house, Mechanic Hall, market-house, aUns-house, and jail. 
Tlie Museum of the East India Marine Society is a cele- 
brated collection of about 5,000 curiosities of nature and art, 
collected from almost every part of the world, kept in a sp.v 
cious hall built by the society. This society was farmed in 
1799 of those who, as captains or supercargoes, had ilouhled 
the Cape of Good Hope or Cape Horn, and in 1623 llie 
nunibLT of its members residing in Salem was IGO. There 
are 20 churches, of which several are very handsome edi- 
fices. Much attention is given to education, and the public 
schools are of superior excellence. The Salem Athenieum, 
incorporated in 1810, has a spacious hall in Lawrence Place, 
with a very valuable library of 11,000 volumes. The Essex 
Institute lias 2,500 volumes, with other collections ; the Me- 
chanics* Lihr.iry contains 1.200 volumes ; besides which there 
are two otlier libraries. In 1850 tlie periodical press con- 
sisted of C issues; viz., 1 tri- weekly, "Salem Gazette'* 
(whig); 2 semi-weekly, "S. PvCgistcr" (whig) and "Essex 
County Freeman" (F. S.); 3 weekly, "S. Observer" (neut.), 
"S. Mercury" (neut.), and the " Villager" (fam.). 

The manufactures of Salem are considerable. The 
Naumkeag Cotton Manufacturing Company have a capita! 
of $l.rtOit.O(tO. nin about 2S,0fl0 spindles, employ about 6t!0 
opi^ratives, and annually manufacture 5,000,000 yards of 
goods. There are 2 cordage factories, each employing 
about 60 liands, 3 twine factories, an iron factory, brass 
foundry, and 4 large machine sliops. The m.anufactures of 
leather, boots and shoes, diemicals, and gum copal is very 
extensively carried on. There are 7 banks, with an aggre- 
gate capital of ^l,75ii,O0O; 6 insurance companies, with total 
capital of $900,000; 1 marine insurance company, and an 
institution for savings. Tjio lines of railroad leading from 
Salem are — Eastern R. E., passing througli it from Boston 
to Porllanil ; Essex 11. R.. from Salem to Lawrence, 21 m. ; 
Salem and Lowell R. R., 24 m. ; South Reading Branch K. R. 



SAL 



SAL 



to Boston, via South Keadinj,', 19 m. ; and the M^irblehcad 
Branch E. K., 4 m. 

In fori'ig;n commerce Salem was fur a lonjj period the 
second town in New England, and wji3 especially dislin- 
gnisbed for its East In>lia trade, by wliieh it was very 
greatly enriched. In ISIS the number of vessels employed 
in this trade,'%elon5ing to l^alem, was 53, the timnage of 
which was 14,272 tons. This trade is not now carrii-d on so 
extensively as formerly from this port, but many vessels 
therein en£!:a2;ed are owned here, and deliver their cargoes 
in Boston and New York. The total tannage of Salera <iis- 
Iriet on yiiih June. 1850, was 2S.916 Ions. The registered 
tonnftge was 20.317 tons, of which 19.710 tons were perma- 
nent, and GOT tons temporary. The enrolled and licensed 
tonnage was S,509 tons, all permanent; of which 8,480 tons 
were employed in the coasting trade, 97 tons in cod fishery, 
and 7.i tons in the mackerel fisliery. In neither ctasa of 
tonnage w:is any portion employed in stoam navigation. 
Pnring the year preceding, tlie number of clearances for 
foreign countries was 372 — 35,003 tons. Tlie number of 
entrances during the same period, as given in the IT. S. 
Trea!*ury reports, are united with thnse of Beverly <ii9tricl, 
and their united total is .35)1—36.796 tons. Of the entire 
foreign commerce about five-lwelftlis of the tonnage was 
American, seven-twelfths foreign. Dnrins the year 1 sliiji 
was built — 299 tons. An U. S. naval olHcer is stationed at 
this port 

The city government is vested in the mayor, board of 6 
aldermen. an<l common council, composed of 24 meinb.r-*, 
6 from each of the 4 wards. The city .^cliool commiLtee is 
composed of 21 members. The territory of the city, includ- 
ing islands, contains 5.429 acres. An aqueduct supplies the 
city with excellent spring water. The city alms-house, 
erected in 181C, is on the Neck, surrounded by a large farm. 
A bridge over the North r.. 1.4S1 feet long, connects Salem 
with Beverly, N. of which is also the railroad bri<ige. 

The population at diflerent periods has been as follows: 



year. 


P,.p. 


Ye.ir. 


Pop. 


V».ir. 


Hop. 


Yfjr. 


Pop, 


1C3T, 


. 900 


ISDO. 


. 9,4.57 


1S30. 


.1.5^95 


l.S).'). 


.10,762 


ITlij. 


. 4.427 


ISIO, 


.12,013 


1S36. 


.1.'>.II1I2 


IsoO. 


.20,203 


iroa. 


. T,921 


1S20. 


.12,731 


lS4t>. 


.15,08-2 







Salem was settled in 1G2R. incorporated June 29. 1620, 
made sbire town November 9, 1G44, and incorporated as a 
city March 21, lSo6. lis Indian name was Nautnkeag. In 
1C29 it cont;iined 200 inhabitants, and the first church was 
then formed. In July. 1630. 17 ships arrived, with 1.5iiO 
persons, by some of whom Boston was fnuuded. In 1692 
tlie witchcraft delusion prevailed, during which 19 persons 
were condemned and hanged a.s witches. In 1774, wh^-n 
Boston was a closed port, Gou. Gage ordered the removal 
of the general court to this place, which called out great 
remonstrance from its citizens. During the Revolution it 
was distinguished for patriotism, and especially for its va- 
rious naval achievements. In the course of the war it fitted 
out about GO vessels, manned by about 4.000 men. At the 
end of the war it commenced the ICast India trade. The 
flrat vessel thus engaged was at the Cape of Good Hope in 
1784, and at Canton in 17S6. In 17^2 wxs e.stal>lishcd the 
first regular stage communication with Boston, which was 
tri-weekly; the railroad to Boston was opened August 2S, 
1S3S. Tlie usual time at present of passing over it to lio-^ton 
is 45 minutes. On necemlx-r 2-3, 18t7, the telegraph wires 
were compU^ted to this place from Boston. 

Sai.em, t. and p. o., Washtenaw co., Jfich. : 53 ra. E. R. E 
Lansing. Drained by a fork of W. braneli of Eonge r. This 
is one of the best agricultural towns in the co., having a 
very rich soil, and well improved. Pop. 1,343. 

Salkm, p. v., Tippah county, Miss.: 1S2 m. N. N. K. 
Jackson. 

Salem, t.. p. v„ and sta.. Kockinghara co., ?r. /Tamp. : on 
Manchester and Lawreoee K. K., 19 m. from Manchester, 7 



m. from Lawrence, 34 m. S. S. E.fioiicord. Surface uneven ; 
watered by S[iiggot n and liraiiches, which afford water- 
power, iiiipn)vcd by mills'of various kinds. Top. in 1S40, 
1,40S; in IS.'iO, 1.555. 

Salem, p. v., and cap. Salem co., y. Jar. ; on 7^. side of 
Salom cr., 3^ m. from its mnuth, in Delaware bay. 57 ra. 
S. W. by S. Trenton. The swl of t. is a f.Tiile sanriy loam. 
The V. was tlie llr^t place seitlerl in. West Jers'-y. having been 
founded in 1675, It contains a handsome brick court-li^juse, 
witli (ire-proof county ofRces adjacent, a stone jidl, acadi'my, 
8 eliurclH'S, market-house, and l>auk, with capiUd of $75,000. 
The "National SLan<iard" (whig) and "SaU-ni Sunbeam'' 
(dem.) are publislied weekly. Vessels of 5(1 tons come up 
to the v. ; the bar. at the mouth of the creek, has but S foet 
of water. A ste-imboat plies daily to Delaware City and 
New Castle, connecting with one from Philadelphia, Pop. 
oft. in 1S40, 2,007; in 1850, 3,052. 

Salem, t., p. v., sta.. and one i tf the capitals of Washington 
CO., A'. }'. ; 44 m. N. E. All>any. Drained by branches of 
Batten Kill r. Surface undulating,.in parts hilly; soil in 
general good, and under high state of cultivation. ButtM", 
cheese, pork, etc., are i)roduced in abundance. It was first 
settled in 1756, by two companies of emigrants, one from 
Scotland and Ireland, and tiie other from New England, and 
orgatiized in 17SS. The v. is on Whitrt cr., in a pleasant 
valley, and on the Rutland and Washington R. R., 41 m. 
N. by E. Troy It was incorporated in 1S03, and conlaina a 
part of the county buildings. It is surrounded by a rich and 
highly cultivated region of country, producmg excellent 
grain, and raising large nuinljers uf sheep ; it is celebrated 
as a mart for the purchase of wool. The Wa-iliington Acad- 
emy, located here, is* an old and flouri^hing institution. 
The v. has some manufactures, several mills, etc. ; atid the 
"Salem Press" (whig) is issued weekly. Pop. oft. 2,904. 

Salem, p. v., Forsyth ft:)unty, y. Cur.: 96 m. W. N. W. 
Raleigh. Settled by Moravians, who have here a celebrated 
female academy, with large buildings on a liandsome scjuare. 
The V. also contains a cluirch, a cotton factory, p.-ipiT fac- 
tory, stores, etc., and a branch of the Bank of C.aiie Fear at 
Wilmington, with capital of !Jl5(i,iHKl. Pop. about l,ii00. 

Salem, p. v. and sta., Cohiinbiana co.. Ohio: on Oliioand 
Peiuisylvania R. B., 65 m. from Wonster, 69 m. froiTi Pitts- 
burg ; 122 m. N. E. Columbug, This v. is in Perry t. The 
"Homestead Journal'* (land reform) and "Anti-Slavery 
Bugle" are issui-d weekly. Pop. aliout 1,000. 

Salem, t. Columbiana co.. Ohio; 123 ul N. E. Columbus. 
Surface rolling; soil fertile. Ttie Ohio and Penris\lvania 
R. R. passes through the t. at v. of Franklin Square, G9 m. 
from Wooster, 6.'i lu. from Pitlsl)urg. Pop. 1,960. 

Salem, t. and p. o.. Mcrct-r co.. Peiui. : 195 ul N. W. Har- 
risburg. Draitied by Little Shenango and Crooked creeks. 
Surface even ; soil fertile. It has 8e\eral mills, mocUauic 
shops, etc. 

Sale-m, p. v., Sumter dist,, S. Car. : on the E. side of Black 
T.ybTi m. E. by S. Columbia. 

Salem, p. v., Franklin co., 7'c-nn. : on Bean's cr., 77 m. 
S. S. E. N.tshville. 

Salkm. p. v., sti., and cap. Roanoke co., TTrj/. ; on thoN. 
side of the Roanoke v., ami on the Virginia and Tennessee 
R. R., 60 m. from Lynchburg. 145 W. by S. Richmond. It 
cont;uns a court-house, jail, and a branch of the Exchange 
Bank of Virginia. Norfolk, with capital of $100,0u0. 

Salem, j). v., and cap. Marion co, and cai)ilal of the Ter- 
rit<'r>f of ()n'(/<m : is situated r>n the E. bank of tho Willa- 
melle river, and contains the St;ite buildings, etc. 

Salem, p. v.. Racine co., Wise. : on Lake Michigan, 87 m. 
E. by S. Madison. 

Salem Cextue, p. v., Westchester county, A^ Y. : 92 m. 
8. by E. Albany. 

Salem Cnt'p.cn. p. v., Randolph county, JV. dr. : W. of 
Ultarie r., 73 m. W. by S. Raleigh. 

Salem Ceoss Roaps, p. o., Chautauque CO., N. Y. : 3ii4 m. 
W. bv S. Albany. 

75T 



SAL 



SAL 



Salem Cross Roads, o., Westmoreland co., Peiui. : 133 
ID. \V. Harrisburg. 

Salem Fauquier, p. v., Fauquier co., Virg. : on the 
Manassas Gap K. R., DI m. N. by W. Richmond. 

Salfop.dville, p. 0., Montgomery eo., Pejm. : 7S m. E. 
Harrisburg. 

Saun'a, p. v., Jefferson co., Ki/. : on the E. side of Mill 
cr. of the Ohio r., 53 m. "W. Frankfort. 

i^LiNA, t. and p. v., Ontmdaga county, y. Y.: 183 m. 
W. N. W. Albany. Drained by several small streams flow- 
ing into Onondaga lake, which bounds it on the W. Sur- 
face roliingr: soil of great fertility, and well cultivated. It 
is celebrated fi)r its salt manufactures — the Onondaga Salt 
Springs, owned by the State, being hicated here, mostly on 
the "Onondaga Salt Spring Reservation," consisting of de- 
tached lots of various dimensions, situated promiscuously in 
the town. They are the largest and best in the United 
States. The making of salt, both by solar evaporation and 
by artificial heat, is carried on extensively in the villages of 
Salina, Syracuse, and Liverpool. The principal spring is 
at Salina v., which affords an inexhaustible supply of water, 
yielding to every 4(t gallons about one bushel of pure salt 
The water is forced up by hydraulic engines into a large 
reservoir, fmni which S>Tacuse and other places are supplied 
by means of pipes. InlSo", there were manufactured at the 
Salina works 4fl,.546 bushels of course salt, 1,S66,4S5 bushels 
of fine, and 262,730 bushels of ground or dairy salt — total, 
2,175,711 bushels. The amount of duty accruing to the State 
from these works was $-J4.3'>4. The v. is located on the E. 
bank of the lake, and on the Oswego Canal, 2 m. N; Syra- 
cuse. It was incorporated in 1S24, and contains — besides a 
number <if stores au'l groceries, flounng and other mills — an 
extensive machine simp and a furnace worked by steam, for 
the purpose of mnnufacturing steam-engines and fine cast- 
ings, several other machine sliops, etc. Pop. oft. 2,142. 

Salexe county, Arl: Situate centrally, and contains 9S1 
sq. m. Drained by Hurricane cr. and branches of Saline r., 
which runs on its western border. Surface level ; soil pro- 
ductive, and good cotton is raised. Farms 405, manuf. 16, 
dwell. 621, and pop.— wh. 3,8&2, fV. col. 6, si. 503— total 8,901. 
Capital : Benton. 

Saline county, I7Z. Situate S., and contains 37S sq. ra. 
Drained by south and middle fork of Saline cr., a tributary 
of tlieOhio. Surface generally level ; soil of a saudy nature. 
Chief productions, wheat and Indian corn. It has fine pas- 
turage for cattle, large numbers of which are fattened and 
exported annually. It is well timbercil, and has .some salt 
springs, which were formerly of cnnsidcnible value. Farms 
678, manuf. 11, dwell. 961. and pop.- wh. 5,495, fr. col. QS— 
total 5.5SS. Capital : Raleigh. 

Saline county, 3fo. Situate N. W. centrally, and contains 
727 sq. m. Draine<l by La Mine r. and its branches. It is 
bounded on the N. K., N.. and N. W. by Missouri r. Surfticc 
undulating: soilfcrlile; the land on the rivers bcingrich and 
exceedingly productive. It has some fine limber and prairie 
land. Farms 5S7. manuf. 8. dwell. 950, and pop.— wh. 6,108, 
fr. col. 16, si. 2.719— total S.S43. Capikil: Marshall. 

Saline, L and p. v., "Washtenaw co., Mich.: 55 m. S. E. 
Lansing. Drained by Raisin r.. affording good mill-power. 
Surface even ; soil rich loam, producing grains of all kinds, 
and of good quality. The v. on the river, in the N. E. part, 
contains several mills, etc. Pop. 1,631. 

Salcs-k, p. v., Ralls co., Mo. : 75 m. N. by E. Jefferson 
City. 

Saline, p. o., Bienrille par.. La. : near a cr. so called, 165 
m. N. W. Baton Rouge. Salt is manufactured in the 
vicinity. 

Saline creek, Mo. : rises in S. "W. part of Perry co., makes 
a circuitous course in a X. direction, and enters the Missis- 
sippi r. near the S. K. corner of St. Genevieve co. There 
are numerous salt springs on its border, and salt has been 
manufactured here. 

Saline river, La.: rises in S. part of Cla'borni' parish, 
753 



flows S. 50 m., and passing through Saline lake, empties 
into filack Lake r., in Natchitoches parish. There are salt 
works on its border. 

Saline river, JU.: rises by N.. S., and middle forks, in 
Hamilton, Williamson, and Johnson counties, and forming 
a junction at Equality, flows S. E., and enters the Ohio r. 9 
m. below Shawneetown. The great IT. S. Sannesare located 
on this r., about 2 ra. S. of Eijuality. The manufacture of 
salt at this point is extensive. Tliere are also other salt 
works on the borders of this stream, and it is navigable for 
some distance. 

Saline Mills, p. o., Natchitoches par.. La. : on the W. of 
Saline cr, and in the neighborhood of the salt works, #55 m. 
N. W. Eaton Rouge. 

Salineville, p. v. and sta. . Columbiana co., OJiio : on the 
Cleveland and Pittsburg li.K., S6 m.S. E. Cleveland, 131 m. 
E. N. E. Columbus. Pop. 237. 

Saliquoy, p. o., Cass county, Ga. : 131 m. N. W. 
Milledgeville. 

Salisbury, t. and p- v., Litchfield county, Conn.: 41 ra. 
N.W. Hartford. Bounded on the N. by Connecticut r., E. 
by the Ilousatonic r.,and on the W. by New York. Im- 
mense hydraulic power is derived from the Housatonic and 
Salmon rivers, and it is well watered by several lakes and 
ponds. The surface is formed by lofty elevations and deep 
valleys, but the soil is well adapted to all kinds of grain and 
to pasturage. Limestone predominates in the valleys, and 
the hills are of granite. Iron ore is the chief staple com- 
modity, inexliaustible quantities of which, celebrated for its 
superior quality, are here found, and the manufactures of it 
are extensive. Wood, also, is almudant, large quantities of 
which are turned into ch.orcoal, and with other materials 
found here, used for smelting the ore. The "Old Ore Ilill," 
located near the New York line, has been worked since tl>e 
year 1732. The first furnace was erected in 1762, and a 
large amount of cannon-balls an<l bomb-shells were manu- 
factured here during the Revolutionary War. There are 
now in Salisbury several furnaces, forges, puddling estab- 
lisliments, manufactories of guns, anchors, scythes, engine 
cranks, hoes, trip-hammers, etc. The forges and puddling 
establishments produce an immense quantity of wrought 
iron, which is used for anchors, car axletrees, musket bar- 
rels, etc. Some of the oldest guns in our navy were made 
at the old fumaee here, and muskets are still being made 
from the products of these mines. The ore ia the brown 
hematite, and yields 40 per cent, of pig iron. The v. of 
Salisl)ury Is located on Salmon r., and is a pleasant place. 
Pop. of t 3.103. 

Salisui'rv. p. v., Sangamon co., 2U. : on Richland or. of 
Sangamon r., 11 m. N. Springfield. 

SALisnur.y, p. v.. Somerset co., 3f(7. : on the E. side of 
Wicomico r., on the E. line of the county. 14 m. N. N. E. 
Princess Anne, .nnd 95 m. S. E. of Annapolis. 

Salisbi-i:t, t. and p. v., Essex co., Mass. : 86 m. N. by E. 
Boston. l>ounde<l on the N. by the State line, E. by the 
Atlantic Ocean. S. by the MerriuuiC r.. and W. by Powow r. 
Drained by several small streams flowing into the river 
and ocean. Surface generally uneven, but in the E. there 
i:» an extensive beach and some salt marsh; soil fertile. 
There are two inipftrtant villages in the t., the principal on 
Powow r.. at the head of tide-water, part of which is in 
Amesbury. On the part located in Salisbury are flannel 
factories, known as the "Salisbury Manuractiiring Com- 
pany," capitid $400,000, employing .about 400 operatives, and 
manufacturing over 1.000.000 yards of flannels, cloaking, 
etc., annually. Besides which are oiher manufactories of 
woolen and cotton goods, fulling mills, tanneries, etc. The 
other v., loi^ated on the Merrimac. on a point of land formed 
by the juneiion of that river with the Powow, is celebrated 
for its superior ship-buildiug, which is the principal br.inch 
of trade here. A number of vessels are owned in this v., 
and employed in the coMsting Imde and mackerel fisliery. 
Salisbury is connected with Newburyporl by a suspension 



SAL 



SAL 



bridije, which spans the Merrininc. Tlie v. is on llie Knst- 
erii li.R., at which poiutUieriiilisbury lira no 1 1 U. li. diverj^fs 
S6 m. N. by E. Boston. It is neatly hiid (lut, and contains a 
nuiuLier of places of business, a bank, ote. Pop. of t. 8,100. 

Sausbuky, t. ami p. v., Merriraac en., ^V. Iliunp, : 15 ni. 
N. W. Concord. Blackwater r. passes thruui^h the W. part, 
from which is derived good water-power. Surface varied ; 
in the N. W. is a portion of Kcai-sariie Mountjiin. The soil 
in the upland is mostly rich ; the hiily land abounds in ex- 
cellent pasturage, and on Elaekwaltr r. there is very fertile 
Intervale. There are several very valuable farms it the t., 
and the people are chiefly einployeii in a<rriculture. Tina t. 
was Uio birthplace of the Hun. Daniel AVebster. The v. is 
localed on the E. side of Claekwater r. Top. of 1. 1,-223. 

Sai.isbuuv, t. and p. v., Herkimer co., iV. 1'. : 63 m. N. W. 
AlbaTiy. Drained by East and West Canada creeks, the 
former funning in part its E. boundary. Surface generally 
hilly ; iu parts mountainous ; soil fertile, an<l some grain is 
raised. The v. is about 7 m. N. by E. Littie Falls, and con- 
tains several mills, etc. Deposits of magnetic iron ore are 
found in the vicinity. The t, has some manufactures, me- 
chanic shops*, etc. Pop. 2,0So. 

Salisbury, sta., Orange CO., K. Y. : on the Newburg 
Braneh R. K., 10 m. N. E. Chester, 7 S. W. Newburg, and 
65 m. S. by W. Albany. 

Pamsrurt, p. v., and cap. Rowan co., N. Car. : on a 
branch of Yadkin r., 103 m. W. Raleigh. It contains a 
courl-house. jail, an academy, etc. An ancient stonewall, 
from 12 to 14 feet high and 22 inches thick, reaching to 
within a I'oo't nf the surface and 300 feet in length, has been 
disi-overed here; and a similar one has been discovered 
6 m. distant from the first, 4 or 5 feet high and 7 inches 
Oiick. The origin of neither has been ascertained. The 
'■Carolina Walchraan" (whig) is a weekly issue. 

Sai-isuitky, t. and p. o,, Meigs co., Ohio: on the N. bank 
of the Oliio r., 76 m. S. E. Cohmibus. Drained by Leading 
creek and branches. Surface rugged ; soil fertile. This t. 
abounds with stone-coal of a good quality, and an extensive 
business is carried on in that article, t'onlport village, on 
the bank of Ihe river, is the principal mining point. Rail- 
ways are here built for the purpose of running down the 
coal from the mines to boata in the river. The mining is 
priticipally done by natives of Wales. The salt-works in 
the town produce large quantities of salt annually. There 
is a nunilierof stores, mills, and mechanic shops, etc. In 
tlie S. part, on the bank of the r., a mile above Coalport, is 
Ponieroy, the capital of the county, and tlie principal point of 
business for tlie coal region ; its pop. is 1,637, and of t. 4.546. 

Salisbury, t., p. v., and sta., Addison co., Verm. : 34 m. 
8. "VV. Montpelier. In the centre of Ihe t. is Lake Drum- 
mond. 4 m. long, and from one half to three-fourths of a ni. 
wide, the outlet of which, called T^eicester r.. furnishes gofid 
water-power. Drained by Middlebury r. and the outlet of 
the lake. Surface rolling; soil fertile. Chartered in 1761, 
anti first settled in 1775. It is a manufacturing place, con- 
tiining valuable manufactories of woolen gocids, glass, iron, 
lumber, etc. The v. is located at the outlet of ihe lake, and 
the 5ta. is on the Rutland and Burlinglon R. U., S9 m. S. by E. 
Burlington. Top. oft 1.027. 

i^ALisuruY Ckstrr, p. v., Herkimer co., N. Y. : on Spruce 
creek, 64 m. N. W. Albany, It contains some manufactiv 
riea. In the vicinity are extensive deposits of magnetic 
Iron ore. 

Salisbury Cove, p. c, Hancock co., Me. : 72 m. E. by N. 
Augtista. 

Salisbury Milt^. p. o.. Orange co., A''. Y : 90 m. 9. by W. 
Albany. It is a small mill-seat, with but few inhabitants. 

Salmagundi, p. o., Wacliita par., La. : 144 m. N. N. "W. 
Baton Rouge. 

Salmon mountain. Klamath county, Calf/. : between 
Salmon and Klamath rivers. 215 m. N. by W. Vallejo. Cov- 
ered wiih .enow nine months in the year. Gold abounds in 
the vicinity, particularly ou the rivers. 



Salmmn river, (\ilif,: rise^ in tlie mountains, in E. part 
of Klamath co., and running AY. .-'empties into Klamath r. 
Gold is abundant in its whole course. 

Salmon river. Conn. : rises in the S. part of Tolland co.. 
and flows S. into Muldlesex co., when it receives Mooilus r., 
and empties into tin.- Connecticut r. at l-^astlladdauL There 
are several falls in its course which afford gond water- 
power, and it is navigable a short distance from its mouth. 

Salmon river. K. Y. : rises in Osceola t., Lewis co., and 
flowing W. through Oswego co., empties into Lake Ontario, 
about 5 m. S. from Great Sanii bay. It hns a tolerably good 
harbor at its mouth, and is boalable at high water as far up 
as the falls at Orwell, 14 m. At the falls the river has a 
perp<'ndicular fall of 107 feet. At idgh water the sheet is 
250 feet wide, but at low water is reduced to one-half that 
width. The rocky strata is composed of slate and granite, 
or gneiss. The height of the bank above the falls is from 
SO to no feet, and below. 200 feet perpendicular rock. 

Salmon river, Ore(/. Ter. : rises in the Rocky Mountains, 
and flowing N. W., forms the N. branch of Snake river, or 
Lewis fork of the Columbia river. 

Salmon Fali^, p. v., Strafford co., A^ Ifitnip.: on the 
river so called. 2 nL below the Great Kall^, and on the Bos- 
ton and Maine R. R., 39 m. S. W. Porlland, and 36 m. E. 
Concord. 

Salmon Falls river, 31''. and K. TTamp. : rises in East 
Pond, between Acton and "Wnkefii-Id, flows S. by E., and 
Joins the Piscataqua r. at Hilton's Point. On Ihis river, be- 
tween the towns of Rochester and Lelianon, are exteusive 
lalls. 

Salmon Rivhr. p. o., Oswego co, N. Y. : on a stream so 
called. 1.5:Jm. N. W. Albany. 

Salmon River mountains. Orer;. T<<r. : a chain of movint- 
ains oxlendiiig from tlie Rocky Mountains W. aloTi;; the S. 
sidf of Salmon r. to it.** junction with Snake or Lewis river. 

Salosa, p. v., Clinton county, Penn. : 03 m. N. N. W. 
Harrisburg. A furnace, located here, has an annual capaci- 
ty of 1,100 tons. 

Salonia, p. o., Greene co., Kj/. .' 63 m. S. by "W. Frankfort, 

Salt creek, Ind. : rises in the E. part of Brown co.. flows 
W. into Monroe, then S. W. through Lawrence into the E. 
fork of White river. It is navigable at high water nearly 
30 m. It has several good mill-seats, and iu>ar it are salt 
springs, which have been workerl to arlvantige. 

Salt lake, I'tah Ter. {See Great Salt Lakr.) 

Salt lake, Cameron co.. 7'ex, : this famous salt lake, about 
S m. in circumference, affords immense quantities of s,alt, 
suintlying tlie vicinity and many neigliboring States of Mex- 
ico. Its waters are evaporated in summer, leaving q. crust 
of s.alt 4 or 5 inches thick. 

Salt river. 10/. .' rises in Mercer county, flows N. mto 
Anderson, and turning W. enters the Ohio r. at West Point, 
20 ra. below Louisville. It is 200 yards wide at its mouth, 
and is boatahle 150 miles. Its princip.al branch is Rolling 
fork. Some of the most fertile parts of the State are watered 
by this river and its branches. 

Salt river. Mo. : is formed by three large forks in E. part 
of Mniiroe CO.. and flows eaatwardly in a winditig course, 
and enters the Mississippi r. about 3S nL below Marion city. 
It is navigable to some extent 

Salt Creik. p. v.. Davis co., Ta. : on a branch of Soap cr.. 
65 ni. S. S. W, Iowa Tiiy. 

Saltillo, ]i. v., Iiawaniha county, 3fiNfi.: 169 m. N. E. 
Jackson. 

Saltillo, p. o., Ilardin county, Temi. : 96 m. B. W 
Niishvillc. 

Saltillo, p. v., .Tasper county, Tn(t: on the Iroquois oi 
Pickaniiiik r.. 03 m. N. N. W. [ndiana])0li3. 

SALTKi-rrruKi: BinnnK, p. v.. Colleton district, i*?. Cor. : on 
the left bank of Coinbahee r., in a swampy district, 87 m. S. 
Colmnbia. 

Salt Lakb City, or Cily of the Great Salt Lake, p. city, 
and cap. Salt Lake co., I'tith Ter. : on Jordan river, a strait 

759 



SAL 



SAN 



between Utah and Great Salt tukes, 105 m. N. by E. Filhnore 
City. This Scttlftnent of the Mormons is ?ilu:itfd at the wcst- 
eru hase of the W;iaateli Mountains, on an elevation of more 
than 4,000 f-^-ct. The Mormon communion was firat organ- 
ized in It^yO, under the auspices of Joseph Smith, the 
prophet and founder, and the settlement commenced at tiiis 
place uuiler Bri^ham Young, his successor, in July, 1^47 ; 
soon after which it was laid out in streets and squares for a 
large city, and a fort or inclosure erected for defense against 
attacks by Indians. The streets are well planned, running at 
right angles S r'^ds wide, with sidewalks of 20 feet, the blocks 
40 rods square, divided into S lots, each containing one acre 
and a quarter. The houses are built principally of 6un-*^iried 
brick, ami present a neat appearance. In October the col- 
ony was strengthened by the arrival of from 3,000 to 4,0iK) 
persons, since which time building and agriculture have been 
prosecuted to such an extent that it is now a place of con- 
siderable note. Agriculture and the raising of sttwk are the 
chief pureuils of the iuhabitimls; but establishments are 
being erected for the mauulacture of woolen goods, sugar, 
etc. ; wood, iron ore, and alum is found in the vicinity, and 
salt is manufactured from the waters of tlie lake, which con- 
tains 20 per cent, of pure salt. By an Act of Congress, a 
mail line has been established from this city through the 
principal cities and towns to San Diego (California). A 
school for the education of teachers has been commenced, 
school-houses built for the instruction of children, a univer- 
sity is in cojileraplation (the site of which has been selected 
on one of the terraces of the mountain, overlooking the 
city), and altogether it is in a flourishing condition. 

Salt-uck Falls, p. o., Preston co., BV(/. ; ISl m. N. W. 
Richmond. 

SALTpETEE,p. 0., 'Washiugton CO., Ohio: S3 m. E. S. E. 
Oolumbus. 

Salt Point, p. (V Duchess co., jV. T. : 63 m. S. Albany. 

Si-.T Epter, p. v., Audrian co., Mo.: on Davis fork of 
Salt r., 39 m. N. Jefferson City. 

Saltsbukc, p. v., Indiana co., Pe?)?). : on the right bank 
of Coneraaugh r., 133 in. \V. N. W. Ilarrisburg. Salt works 
are operated in the vicinity. It contains several stores, 
mills, worbsbops, etc. Pop. 623. 

Salt Spuing, p. o., Campbell co., Ga.: 90 m. W. N. W. 
Milled geville. 

Salt Spring, p. o., Bienville parish. La. : lOS m. N. W. 
Baton Rouge. 

Salt Speingtille, p. o., Otsego county, jV. Y.: 52 m. 
W. by N. Albany. 

Salt Sclpuur Springs, p. v., Monroe co., Virg. : 169 m. 
W. Richmond. This is a pleasant watering-place, 24 m. 
from "White Sulphur Springs. The springs are encircled by 
moffntaina on every side, are much visited by invalids and 
others, and enjoy a high reputation. The temperature of 
their waters varies from 49° to 56° Fahrenheit. 

Salttille, p. v., Washington co., Vivg. : on S. side of 
N. fork Holston r., 24:3 ra. W. by S. Richmond. There are 
valuable salt springs in the vicinity; and gypsum is found. 
Water-power is good, and there are several mUl-seats. 

Salubeitt, p. v., Pickens district, S. Car.: on Eighteen 
mile cr., tributary of Seneca r., 109 m. N. W. Columbus. 

Salitda. p.,o., Jefferson county, lud. : ou a cr. so called, 
73 m. S. S. E. Indianapolis. 

Saluda, p. c, Cftweta county, Ga. : S7 m. W. by N. 
MilledgevUle. 

Saluda, p. v. and sta., Newbury district, S. Car. : on the 
N. eide of Saluda r., and on the Greenville and Columbia 
R. R., 61 m. W. by N. Columbia. 

Saluda, p. o., Middlesex co., Virg. : 51 m. E. Richmond. 

Salui'A river, S. Car,: rises in the eastern division of 
tho Alleghany Mountains, in N. W. part of the State, and 
flows in a S. E. direction, separating Greenville, Laurens, 
and, Newbury, from Pickens, Anderson, Abbeville, and 
Edgefield districts, crosses Lexington district and unites 
with Broad river at Columbia, to form the Congaree. 
760 



Saluda Mili-s p. o., Newbury district, S. C'lr.: a mill- 
seal, 43 m. W. by N. Columbia. 

SALUNG4, p. o., Lancaster county, Penn. : 63 m. E. S. E. 
Ilarrisburg. 

Saluria, p. v., Calhoun co., Tex. : ou the N. E. end of 
Matagorda inland, between Espiritu Santo and Matagorda 
bays, 147 m. S. S. E. Austin City. It is a young city, and 
one of great promise, having been selected by the directors 
of the San Antonio and Mexican Gulf R. R. Company as 
the most suitable point for the tenuinus of their road. "The 
greater depth of water, and superior advantages as a shel- 
t(*red harbor for vessels of every class, in all seasons, give it 
claims superior to all other points on Matagorda bay, and 
entitle it to be considered, at no distant day, the emporium 
of western -Tex as." 

Saluria, U. S. collection dist., Tex.: on Juno 3C)th, 1S50, 
had a total tonnage of 5S9 tons, enrolled and licensi-d, con- 
sisting of 456 tons permanent, 116 tons temporary, and 
17 tons licensed under 20 Ions, all empliiyed in the coasting 
trade, and of which 105 tons were propelled by steam. 
During the preceding year, it had no foreign coninierce. 
One vessel was built, a steamer — 106 tons. Its port of entry 
is La Salle. 

Salvisa, p. v., Mercer co., AT//. : between Salt and Ken- 
tucky rivers, IS m. S. Frankfort. I*oj). 1.^. 

Sama^tha, p. o.. Highland county^ Ohio : 59 m. S. S. W. 
Columbus^ 

Sammon's Point, p. v., Iroquois co.. III. : on the W. hank 
of the Iroquois r., 125 m. N. E. Springfield. The Chicago 
Branch R. R., will pass through this vUIage. 

Sammonsville, p. o., Fulton county, 2i. Y. ; 47 m. N. W. 
Albany. 

Sampson county, 2^. Car. Situate S. E. centrally, and 
contains 664 sq. m. Drained by Black r. and its branches, 
and branches of South r., all being tributaries of Cape Fear 
r. Surface undulating; soil moderately fertile, a large por- 
tion is well adapted to grain and griaing. Chief produc- 
tions, cotton, rice, Indian corn, and potatoes. Farms 94S; 
manuf. 53; dwell. 1.5S2, and pop.— wh. 8,424, fr. col. 476, 
si. 5,6S5 — total 14,5S5. Capital: Clinton. 

Sajupson, p. o., Darke co., Ohio : S3 m. W. Columbus. 

Sampsondai.k, v., Rockland co., TV. 1'. ; 9S m. S. Albany. 
It is ft manufacturing village, and conLiins an extensive 
iron and wire factory, rolling and slitting mills, chemical 
works, etc 

Sampsonville, p. v., Ulster county, JV. 5'. ; 43 m. S. W. 
Albany. It contains an extensive tannery, using oak and 
heudock bark, and tanning annuatly 60,000 sides of solo 
leather, cap. $2ti0.000. This eslablishment is owneil by 
General Pratt, present quartermaster of the Slate Military, 
and son of the celebrated Zadock Pratt, of Praltsville. It 
is a handsome vUlage, containing also 8 saw-mills, 1 grist- 
mill, 2 taverns, a Dutch Reformed Church, about 60 dwell- 
ings, and 4'iO inhabitants. 

Sam's Cbej-.k, p. v., Carroll co., Md, : on the E. side of 
Sam's cr., 46 m. N. W. Annapolis. 

San Andreas, v., Calaveras county, Calif. : between the 
N. and S. branches of Calaveras r., 139 m. E. Vallejo. It is 
surrounded by ravines and flats, rich in gold, and well 
adai)led to winter mining. 

San Antonio, p. v., aud cap. Bexar co., Tko. ; near tho 
source of the river so called. 73 m. S. S. W. Austin City, 
laU 29° 25' 22" N., and long. 9So 29' 15" W. It is located on 
both sides'of the river, about 20 m. above its junction with 
the Medina, and is one of tho oldest towns in North 
America, containing many ancient structures. The Alamo 
in the N. E. ]iart of the L on the left, bank of the river, is a 
large oblong walled inclosure, of about an acre in exU-nt, 
once used as a furtress, but now in a ruinous condition. This 
L is celebrated in history .is the scene of several battles, aud 
the Alamo was gallantly defended by Col. Travis f<3r two 
weeks. A Umted States arsenal is located here, and an 
L'rsuUne convent, and several other CathoUc instilutiona. 



SAN 



SAN 



The Mexican Gulf E. K. will verge from Iliis pl:u>c, ami 
connect wiili Saluria (Calhoun co.)- The " Western Texiau" 
is a weekly issue. Pop. 3,2(JS. 

San Antoniu rivrr, 7'ex. : \% formed by the Medina and 
Salado rivi-rs, in Bexar co., and flows in a S. E. direelion 
through Guliad and Refugio co's, and empties inlo Kspiritu 
Santo bay. In its course it receives the Cibolo and Guada- 
luupe rivers, two considerable streams. 

San A-stomo Mission. Monterey county, CuHf. : 1:^3 m. 
S. by E. ValKjo. The lands of this mission are principally 
owned by private persons, and contain some excellent 
vineyards. 

San AuGiSTiNE county, Tkr. Siluato E., and contains 
C42 sq. m. Drained by Ayish l>ayou and its affluents, and 
branches of Alloyac r., which flows oil its weslern' border. 
.Surface undulating and somewhat elevated ; soil very fertile, 
and produces uhundanlly, cotton, corn, and potiilofs. There 
is some rich prairie land in the co., and a small portion is 
covered with pine. It contains many minerals, and several 
valuable mineral springs. Iron ore is abundant, and lead 
is found in sruall quantities. There are some quarries of 
excellent limesione. Farms 15S; maimf. 14; dwell. 350, 
and pop.— \vh. 2,0S6, fr. col — , si. 1,561— total 3,6-17. Cajj- 
Uul: San Augustine. 

San Augi-Stlne, p. v., and cap. San Augustine co., Ttxp.: 
on the Ayish baynu, near its source, and on Ihe old miliiary 
post road, 237 m. N. E. Austin City, and is one of the nin^i 
flourishing villages in eastern Texas. It was laid clT in 
August, 1633, and it now contains a court-house, jail, and 
many neat edifices. Being located some distance from 
navigable waters, it possesses few ccmmercial advantages. 
The •' lied Sand Herald" is a weekly issue. Iron and lead 
ore is found near here, and there are some valuable min- 
eral springs in the vicinity. The country round San Au- 
gustine is very rich, producing cotton, corn, rye, oats, etc., in 
abundance. 

Sax Beknaed river Tkr. ; rises near the snuree of 
Redgatis or, ■ f Colorado r.. flows S. E. forming the N. E. 
boundary of Colorado and Wharton counties, and passing 
through Braxoriaco., empties into the Gulf of Mexico, about 
5 m. below the mouth of Brazos river. It has several tribu- 
taries, and is navigable for steamboats about 40 miles. 

San Beunaruino, p. v.,»Los Augelos co., Calif. : 60 m. 
from Los Angelos City, and 279 m. S. PI Yallejo. The 
valley iu which it is situate has a rich soil, and is well 
watered and timbered; and is noted for its hot sjirings. 
This place was originally the seal of a mission, but has lati-Iy 
been purchased by the Mormons, who have a considerable 
settlement here. 

San Bernandino mountain, Los Angelos co., Calif.: a 
lof;y peak, 2S0 m. S. E. Vallejo. At its base is a rich and 
beautiful valley. 

Sanbornton, t. and p. v., Belknap co., TV! ITamp.: IS m. 
K.Concord. Great bay, and Little bay, and 'Winnipiseogeer., 
the outlets of the lake 8i> called, form the K. and S. E. 
boundary. Drained by the ouUet of Salmon Brook Pond, 
which is in the N. of the t, affording good water-power. 
Surface uneven ; soil fi-rtile and well cultivated. There is a 
gnirbere, extending nearly a mile through very hard, rocky 
ground, 3b feet in depth, the walls from SO to 100 feet apart. 
Also a cavern on the hill, which may be entered in a hori- 
zontal direction to a distance of 20 feet. On the lake, at the 
head of Liitl-- bay. are the remains of an ancient fortification, 
in which have been found numbers of Indian relics, ini]>U'- 
ments, Ptc. Incorporated in 1770, and contains several 
manufactures of woolen and cotton goods, leather, lumber, 
etc. The v. is situated S. of Salmon Brook Pond. Pop. of 
L 2,695. 

Sanbornton Bridge, p. v., Belknap co., iV. ITamp.: on 
the left bank of Winnipiseogee r., and on the Boston, Con- 
cord, and Montreal R. li., IS m. N. Concord. 

San BuF.NAVENTi'KA river, Santa Barbara county, Calif. : 
rises in a mountainous district near the liancho of Ojai, has 



a N. by "W. course of 2.5 or 30 m. to tlie sea, w hich it inters 
near tlie mission so called, N. of Monterey. Tile bottom 
along the stream is very fertile. The mission was one of 
the most flourishing in all California. 

San Carlos, or Cakmbl, mission, Monterey co., fuHf.: 
175 m. S. by E. Vallejo. The lands are rich an.l well culli- 
valed, and there are many fine orchards. Gold and silver 
are found in the vicinity. 

S.vN Clemente, v., San Diego co., Calif. : on the S. E. end 
of the island so called (in the Pacific Ocean). 65 m. W. San 
Diego, and 2SS S. S. W. Vallejo; lat. 33^ 00' N., and long. 
llSO34'00" .^. 

San Cos.me, p. o., Kusk co., TcJc.: 219 m. N. K. Austin 
City. 

Sand creek, lud. : rises in the centre of Decatur niunty, 
runs S. W. through Jennings, and falls into the E. fork of 
While r., forming for the last 4 miles the boundary between 
Bartholomew and Jackson couulics. It is about 50 ndles in 
length, and for the greater part is a good null-stream. Its 
Indian name is Laque-ka-ou-a-nek, which means, "water 
running through sand." 

Sand Bank, p. v., Oswego co,, i\'i Y. : t.n the W. side of 
Salmon river, 133 m. X. AV. Albany. The ^\■atertowll and 
Borne U. B. passes near the village. 

SvNnuuEG, p. o., Sullivan county, X. Y.: 79 m. S. W. 
Albany. 

Sanhersvillk, p. v., an<i cap. Washington co., (id.: on 
a branch of the Oconee r., 2."> m. E. Milledgeville. ■ Ii eon- 
tains a court-house, jail, academy, and stores. The "Cen- 
tral Georgian"' (lit.) is issued weekly. 

Sandeksville, p. v., Chester district, iS'. Cirr.: S3 miles 
N. by W. Columbia. The King's Mountain B. ii. passes 
2 m. E. of this place. 

Sand Flat, v., Yuba co., Calif: on the Yuba r., 123 m. 
X. E. Vallejo. Fertile country and good ndning. 

Sand Fort, p. o., liussell county, Alti. : (j'i miles E. 
Montgomery. 

Sanogate, t. and p. o., Bennington co., Verm. : S4 miles 
S. by W. Montpelier. Surface mountainous and broken. 
Drained by branches of the Battenkill. First settled in 1771. 
The t. coniaiiis several nulls. The Kutlaud and Wasluug- 
ton U. K. passes through its N. W. C(jrner. Pop. n5o. 

Sand Hill, p. o., Scotland couiuy, J/o. : on N. .side of N. 
Fabius r., 120 m. N. Jefferson City. 

Sand IIili£, v. and sta., Ilamillon co., jV. J<'i:: on the 
Camilen and Amboy R. E., iJS m. S. W. from Ni w Vork, 
and 20 m. S. E. Trenton. 

Sa^d Hills, p. o., liusk co., Tex.: 221 m. N. E. Austin 
City. 

San Diego county, Calif Situate S., being Uio extremq 
southern co. of tlie Slate, and contains about lu.iuiO sq. m. 
It is traversed centrally by the Coast liange Qf mounlains, 
and bounded by the Bio Colorado, and W. by the Pai-ific, 
along which the coast extends from 32*^ X. lal. to the month 
of Santa Anna river, and including several valuable islands. 
San Diego bay is a splendid sheet of water, ancl hits excel- 
lent harbors; and there are several other bays of minor im- 
portance. Its imlustry is eminently agrieultural, wilh some 
commerce, but no mining. Pop. in 1S52. 2,9-32; of which 
537 were whites— 397 males and 140 females; negroes 7; 
domeslicate<l Indians, 2,273—1,249 males and 1,024 females; 
foreign rcftideiiL-J, 9S — 91 males and 7 females. Of the citi- 
zens of Ihe rnited States 274, of the negroes 7, of the In- 
dians, 2,474; and of foreigners 90 were adults. Cajjitnl: 
San Diego. 

San Diego, p. v.y and cap. San Diego co., Calif: near 
the S. boundary of California, in lat 820 ^y 5^" jj., and 
long. 117° 13' 2o" W., 425 m. S. E. San l^'rancisco, and 45.> 
from Vallejo, It is on a wide and spacious hay, the S. 
shore of which is low and sandy. From the opposile .nide a 
narrow strip of shingle beach projects into the sea, forming 
a natural breakwater, having an entrance of not more than 
300 yards wide, and is, with the exception of Acnpuico, tho 

T61 



SAN 



SAN 



Qnest harbor on the Pacific. The r., which is small, is on a 
plain 3 m. from the anchorage, which is at the foot of the 
hills just inside the bay, and from which it is scarcely visi- 
ble. It was the first place occupied by the Spaniards in 
Upper California. There is a fort in the v., which is occu- 
pied by a IT. S. garrison. Coal is found in the vicinity. 
Population 700. 

San Diego bay, San Diego co., Calif. : makes up {torn 
the Pacific Ocean, 455 miles S. E. Vallejo, and is a good 
harbor. 
Sandises, p. 0., Amherst co., Virff. : 95 m. W. P.iehmond. 
Sasdisfield, t. and p. v., Berkshire CO., J//;ss. .• 103 miles 
W. by S. Boston. Surface elevated and uneven. Drained 
by Farmington river, which forms its E. boundary, and its 
branches, which afford water-power. Incorp. in 1736; first 
settled in 1730. The town contains 2 churches, several mills, 
and has woolen factories. Pop. of t 907. 

Saxd Lake, t. and p. v.. Eenssclaer county, JK Y.: 9 m. 
E. Albany. Drained by Poestenkill and Wynantskill creeks, 
and there are several small ponds in the town affording ex- 
c*'llent water-power. Surface hilly, but has fertile soil in 
tlie valleys. The v. contains manufactories of woolen and 
cotton goods, a furnace, a glass factory, several flouring, 
grist, and saw mills, mechanic shops, etc. Pop. of t. 2,55S. 
Sand Mocntain, p. o., De Kalb county, Ala. : 149 m. N. 
Montgomery. 

Sasdoteb, p. 0., Abbe\1llo district, S. Car. : 79 m. W. 
Columbia. 

Sasdown, t. and p. o., Eockingham county, N'. Ramp.: 
27 m. S. E. by S. Concord. Surface uneven ; watered by 
Squamscot r. The inhabitants are cliiefly engaged in agri- 
culture, but there are several mills. Pop. 566. 

Saxd Pkaikie. p. v., Kichland Co., Wise. : on the N. of the 
■Wisconsin r., 64 m. W. by N. Madison. 

Saxd's Mills, p. c, Westchester CO., K. T.: Ill m. S. 
Albany. 

Sand Spkdjg, p. 0., Wood CO., Tex. : 173 m. N. E. Austin 
City. 

Saxdtowx, p. v., Campbell CO., Ga. : on the Chattahoo- 
chee r., S7 m. N. W. MilledgcviUe. 

Sandusky county, Ohio. Situate N., and contains 455 
sq. m. Sandusky r. passes through it centrally, by which 
and its branches, and by Portage r., it is drained. Surface 
level, and in parts very low ; soil generally fertile. Agri- 
culture is the leading pursuit. Pork and beef are e.vporled 
in large quantities. Farms 1,891 ; manuf. 67; dwell. 2,437, 
and pop.— wh. 14,257, fr. col. 45— total 14,.305. Capittil; 
Fremont FuUic Wurki : Toledo, Norwalk, and Cleve- 
land K. P.. ; Mad Elver and Lake Erie E. E. (direct line). 
• Sandusky, p. v., Cattaraugus county, JK Y. : on a fork of 
Cattaraugus cr., 244 m. W. by S. Alh.any. 

Sanpcsky City, p. v., port of enlry, and cap. Erie Co., 
Oliio : on the S. side of the bay ao called, fronting the open- 
ing into, and 3 m. from. Lake Erie, N. J E. Columbus. The 
V. is based on an e.\tenslve quarry of excellent stone, which 
hiis been used to a great extent as a building material in the 
city, as well as an article of export to other places. The 
ground on which the v. is built has a gradual rise from the 
water for about half a mile, thereby affording a fine view of 
the lake. The wharves are substantial and commodious, and, 
with the exception of a short time in the winter season, are 
thronged with steamboats and other lake vessels arriving 
and departing with travelers and merchandise. There are 
ehip-yards situated here, at which vessels and steamboats 
are built to a considerable extent. It is connected with 
Cincinnati by the Mad Elver and Lake Erie E. E. 218 
miles, and to Newark by the Sandusky, Mansfield, and 
Newark E. R. 116 miles distant, by which means a heavy 
transportation business is carried on with the interior and 
the Ohio river. Other roads arc projected, and will ere long 
be built, as the Lake Shore line, etc. 

From a detailed statement of the commerce of the port of 
Sandusky, and other places in the district, published in the 
702 



'' Commerci.al Reporter," the following statistics are com- 
piled, which exhibit a large increase in the business of 1S52 
as^om^red with that of 1S51 : 

COMMZBCE OF SANDtTSKY CITY. 
Imports. Exi.orts. Tot.it Commeree. 

1S52 $40,896,085 $19,759,514 $59,655,899 

1851 13,917,564 4,755,729 18,673,293 



Increase. $26,978,531 $14,034,055 $11,012,606 

GOMIUEP.CE OF OTBES POETS OF DISTKICT 

ImportB. Exports. Tut;il Commerce. 

1852 $4,176,321 $1,237,267 $5,413,5SS 

1851 1,411,918 1,160,153 2,572,071 



Increase.. $2,764,403. 



7,114 $2,841,617 



TOTAL OF SANDUSKY DISTKICT 
Inip'irti. Exporta. Total Commerca 

1852 $45,072,406 $20,027,051 $05,099,457 

1851 16,.329,4S2 5,915.882 21,246,364 



Increase. $29,742,924 $14,111,199 $4.3,854,123 

To account in part for this great increase, it is proper to 
State, that the exhibit of the commerce for 1851 did not in- 
clude money packages by express, which are included in 
that of 1852. 

The number of arrivals and departures for the same year, 
comparatively, were as follows: 

Arriv.-ils. Dep«rture3. Total. 

1S59 3,242 3,250 6.492 

1S61 1.998 1,990 3,998 



Increase 1,244 1,260 2.494 

The Sandusky District extends from Black river to Port 
Clinton, and has a co.ast line of 50 miles. The 8hip|)ing 
places are Vermilion, Huron, and Port Clinton on the lake, 
Ihe city of Sandusky, and Seneca within Sandusky bay, 
and Fremont, 36 miles up Sanciusky river. Tlie shipping 
owned in Ihe district in 1550 was 7,.32S tons. Tlie port has 
also some small intercourse with the British provinces. 

Sandusky was originally laid out in 1517 by two genlle- 
men from Connecticut, and the first dwelling erected in the 
fall of that year. The first church was built in lS3ii. It 
now contains the county court-house, jail, and other public 
buildings, several churches, an academy built of stone, tliree 
stories high, a large number of stores, several conimission 
houses, extensive machine shops, at which are manufactured 
iron for railroad cars ; two banks, printing-offices, hotels, 
and other establishments. A short distance back from the 
bay is a public square, around which are the principal pub- 
lic buildings and churches. On the whole, Sandusky is a 
well-planned and flourishing city, and raputly increasing in 
importance. There are five papers published here, tlie " S. 
Mirror," (dem.) daily and weekly, " Commercial Eegister" 
(com.) daily, " S. Clarion," weekly (whig), " Daily San- 
diiskian" daily (whig), and " The Gleaner" monthly (neul.) 
Pop. 5,058, which includes Portland. 

SANDtrsKY river and bay, Ohiv : the river rises in Eioh- 
land and Crawford comities, flows E, into Wyandot county, 
thence N. by meandering course into Sandu.sky bay. It is 
90 m. long, and though a rapid stream, affi.rds good navi- 
gation at high water. In Crawford co. it is only 4 miles dis- 
tant from a head branch of Scioto r. The bay is about 16 
m. long, and its average width .3J miles. It communicates 
with Lake Erie by a narrow strait 

Sanuwich. I and p. v., Bamstablo county, J/a.v«. ; on the 
isthmus of Cape Cod, between Buzzard's and Cape Cod 
hays. Lat. (1st Cong, ch.) 41° 46' 31" N., long. 70° 30' 13" 
W. The V. on Cape Cod bay contains 4 churches, an acad- 
emy, and a very large glass factory, producing annually 
$300,000 worth of very superior glass. Here terminates tho 
Capo Cod Branch P.. E. from Middleboro' on the Fall Elver 
II. E., 28 in. ; distance by railroad from Boston C3 m. Tho 



SAN 



SAN 



"Sandwich Observer" (iieut.) is issudl weekly. In the t. 
there are ihree other v.. and in it a considerable quantily of 
sail is annually manufactured. Pop. of t. in 1840, 3,7i9 ; 
in ISoO, 4.36S. 

Sandwich, t. and p, o., Carroll co., K. Ramp. : 46 m. N. 
Concord. Surface uneven and mountainous, with some 
fertile soil. Watered by Bearcamp r., flowing into Ossipee 
lake an<i other streams. Squani lake lies partly in its S. E. 
corner, and in its X. part coinmeiieeg Sandwich Mountain. 
Chartered in 1~G3. It contains numerous mills of various 
kmiis, and several tanneries. Pop. 2,577. 

Saxpv, p. 0., Columbiana county, Ohio: 121 m. E. N. E. 
Cokunbus. 

Sam»y. p. o.. Jackson co., Virg. : near Big Sandy creek, 
24T m. W. N. W. Fachmond. 

Sandy river, Me. : rises in Franklin co., flows S. E. until 
it reaches Farmington Falls v., when it takes a N. E. course 
until it empties into Kennebec r., in Stark's t., Somerset co. 
It is about 45 ra. long, has several branches, and aflbrJa 
excelNnI water-power. 

Sanuy river, Virg. and Ktj. : rises in Tazewell co.,and 
receives numerous head branches. It flows in general 
N. N. W. course, and through its greater portion forms 
about one-half of the boundary between Virginia and Ken- 
tucky. It enters the Ohio r., at Carletsbitrg, Ky., by a 
mouth 100 yards wide. It is navigable for batteaux 50 m. 
from its mouth. Its principal tributary is the West fork, 
which it receives at Louisa, Ky. 

Saxdy Bottom, p. o., Middlesex county, Mrg. : 41 m. E. 
liiehmond. 

Sandy Eridoe, p. v., Carroll co., Tmn. : on Big Sandj' r., 
S.3 m. W. Nashville. 

Sandy Creek, t., p. v., and sta., Oswego co., jV. T. : on 
Lalte Ontario, 133 m. N. W. Albany. Drained by Little 
Sandy cr., and other small streams flowing into the lake. 
Surface undnlating; soil fertile. It contains a furnace, 
mill?, etc. The v. Is on the Watertown and Kome E. K., 
4T ra. N. W. Bome, and has limited manufactures. Pop. 
of I. 2.45G. 

Sandy Cbeek, p. o., Eandolph co., iVi Car.: on a stream 
80 called, 55 m. W. Ealeigh. 

Sandy Cheek, t., Mercer co., Penn.: ISO m. N. W. 
Harrisburg. It contains numerous saw and other m ills, with 
several tanneries and distilleries. Pop. 1,11)0. 

Sandy Foundation, p. o., Lenoir co., JVi C(t7'.: 67 m. 
S. E. Ealeigh. 

Sandy Grove, p. v., Chatham county, 27". Car. : on one 
of the head branches of Eucky river, 51 m. W. by N. 
Raleigh. 

S.xNDY Hill, p. v., Worcester co., 3/'f.: on a creek of 
Chincoteague bay, S6 m. S. E. Annapolis. 

Sandy lliu., p. v., and cap. Washington co., Nl T.: on 
the left, bank of the Hudson r., 46 m. N. by E. Albany, and 
contains court-house and other county offices, etc. It is 
located on an elevation, was incorporated in ISIO, and is 
well laid out, the streets inclosing a triangular area in the 
centre. In its upper part is a fall of 12 feet in the r., below 
which— distant about 100 rods— is Baker's Falls, with an 
almost perpendicular fall of 50 feet, producing immense 
bydraulic power, which is much improved by a number of 
mills and manufactories. Glenn's Falls, feeder of the Cham- 
plain Canal, passes through, and the Saratngu and Wash- 
ington E. XI. near the place. The "Sandy Rill Herald" 
(dem.), and Washington Telegraph" (whig) are weekly 
Issues. This village is noted for its " stated preacbinga," of 
which B. F. Butler is the historian. 

Sandy Hook, A^ Jer.: is a sandy beach, extending N. 
from Old Shrewsbury inlet, and the S. point of the highlands 
of Neversink. It is 6 m. long, has an average width of 
J m., and is of note from its proximity to New York bay. 
A lighthouse is here erected, and a floating light, with 
beacons, is stationed ofl" the coast. 
Sanuy Hook, p. v., Harford co., Md. : on Deer cr., 45 m. 



N. Annapolis. The vicinity has excellent farm lands, and 
is being improved rapi<lly ; and on the creek there is 
abundance of fine stone, of which the houses are mostly 
builL Pop. 160. 

Sandy Lakl-, t. and p. o., Mercer co., Pttin.: 1S9 ra. 
N. W. Harrisburc. Draiiieil by Sandy cr.,vifhieh fluwsinlo 
the lake so called, in N. W. part of t. SurlUce even, with 
a productive soil. It contains a furnace, several mill.-*, etc. 

Sandy Lkvel, p. o., PiUsylvania co.. 17/7/, .■ 12H ni. S. \\. 
Eichmond. 

Sandy Plains, p. o., Euthcrfnrtl co., X. Cin: : on the S. 
side of White Oak cr., 187 m. W. S. W. Ealeigh. 

Sandy Point, Anne Arundel co., M<:f. : a cape of Clicsa- 
peake bay, opposite Kent Island. The bay is h'-rc at its 
narrowest dimensions. 

Sandy Point, sta., Prince William counly, V/rg.: on 
Washington and WiUnington E. E. route, 40 m. from Wash- 
ington, etc. 

San-dy Ridge, p. v., Lowndes co., Ala. : at the source of 
Big Swamp cr., 27 m. S. by W. Montgomery. 

Sandy Etdge, p. v., Henry co., Ou. : 55 m. W. N. W. 
Milledgeville. 

Sandy Eidge, p. o., Steuben co., Ind.: 139 ra. N. E. 
Indianapolis. 

Sandy Eiver, p. v., Pittsylvania co., Virg. : at the head 
waters of a stream, so called, 126 m. S. W. liiehmond. 

Sandy Eun, p. o., Cleveland co., Jf. Car. : on a creek so 
called, 169 m. W. S. W. Ealeigh. 

Sandy Eun, p. v., Lexington dist., S. Car. : on the S. side 
of a small stream so called, 1.^ m. S. by E. Ci'luml>ia. 

Sandy Spring, p. v., Montgomery co., JA/. .• in the liilly 
region, W. of Patuxcnt r., 3o m. N. W. Annapolis. 

Sandy Spring, p. o., Fayette co., Tejin. : 163 m. S. W. 
Nashville. 

Sandyvili-e, p. v., Tuscarawas co., Ohio : on Sandy cr., 
and on the line of the Sandy and Beaver Canal, 96 m. N. E. 
Columbus. Pop. 223. 

San Eleazario, p. v.. El Paso co., Tea: : on the Eii> 
Grande, 525 m. W. by N. Austin Cily. 

San Felipe, p. v., Austlr^co., T<.j.\: the cotmty seat, and 
formerly the capilal of the Brazos jurisdiction, on the W. 
bank of the Brazos r., and on the border of an extensive 
prairie, 103 m. E. by S. Austin City. 

Sanford, t. and p. v., York co., 3fe. : S2 m. S. W. by S. 
Augusta. Watered by Mousura r., wliich atronls water- 
power, improved by several large factories. The York and 
Cumberland E. E. will pass through the t. Pop. of t. 2,.330. 

Sanford, p. o., Ingham co., Mich. 

Sanfoed, t. and p. o., Broome co., JV! K .• 97 m. S. W. 
Albany. Drained by tributaries of the Delaware r. Sur- 
face hilly, in parts mountainous; anil best adapted to graz- 
ing. It has several manufactories, mills, etc. The Krie 
E. E. passes througli the t., on which is Summit station, 
194 m. from New York. Pop. of t. 2,,^0S. 

Sanford's Corners, p. o., Jefl'erson co,, N. Y. : 144 m. 
N. W. Alhany. 

San Francisco county, Calif. Situate W. middle, and 
contains 400 sq. m. It occupies a peninsula between the 
Bay of San Francisco and the Pacific Ocean. Drained by 
several creeks flowing into the bay; and the surface some- 
what hilly, with fertile valleys. San Franei^quita creek 
di\ides it frnm Santa Clara county. Gold in small quan- 
tities has been found in this creek, which rises in the Sierra 
Moreno, or Browh Mountains, rumiing along the coast, and 
iu some places 2,000 feet high, afTording protection to the 
valley from the coast winds. Coal has been discovered in 
the county, and there is excellent red wood in several local- 
ities. Soil rich and productive, and agricultural resources 
great, but undeveloped. Assessed value of property 
$17,794,711. Pop. in 1852, 86.151— whites 35,.531, negroes 
323, mulattoes 141, Indians 159, and of the whites 19,3u3 are 
foreign residents — 34,S76 in the city. Capital ; San Fran- 
cisco. 



SAN 



SAN 



San FitANcisro, p. city, port of entry, and cup. San Fran- 
cisco CO., Calif.: on a narrow neck of land between the bay 
of the same name and the Pacific Ocean, fronting eastward 
on the bay, and having the ocean five miles on llic west. 
Lat. of the Presidio, 37° 47' 35" N., and lonj;. 12'20 26' 15" W. 
The year that gave birth to the great Weslern Kepublie 
on the Atlanti* shore also witnessed the first permanent set- 
tlement on the coast of California- In 1770, two Catholic 
missionaries— Francisco Palou and Benito Cambon— landed 
on the Bay of San Francisco, and proceeded to establish a 
central point for their operations in civilizing and Christian- 
izing the native tribes. Finding a fertile tract, capable of 
irrigation, near 2 m. 8. of the present cily, they cliose that 
for their home, and founded the Mission Dolores, a name 
commemorative of the sufferings of the Virgin. The mis- 
sions of San Jo3§, Santa Clara, San Raphael, and otjiers, 
were established subsequently, and were dependent on that 
of San Francisco. On the present site of the city a few 
houses were erected about the same time. This settlement 
was called Yerha Buena — "good herb," because a herb of 
that name, reputed medicinal and sometimes used as a sub- 
stitute for Chinese tea, was fonnd in abundance on the sur- 
rounding hills. The town retained this name until occupied 
by the Americans. All the buildings were of adobes. The 
presidio, three miles W, of the town, and near the entrance 
of the bay, was built about the same time for government 
purposes. Soon after its organization the mission flourished 
rapidly; the Indians learned to repose confidence in the 
padres, and embraced with avidity the new religion and 
many of the arts of civilization; they lived in small com- 
munities, and were occupied in tilling the earth and other 
employments under the direction of the missionaries. Some 
idea of the extent of the operations of the padres may be 
formed from the fact that there belonged to the mission at 
one period 20,otio head of cattle, 3,00i) horses, and 30,0ii0 
sheep. In 1310 the number of Christian baptisms had 
reached 3,S96, and in 1S31, the period of greatest prosperity, 
the whole number had amounted to 6.SS3. From this date the 
mission declined, and the Indians were driven off by political 
disturbances. From 1S31 to 1S49 the numlx-r c.f baptisms 
was only 469. Of the entire list, it is computed that nine- 
tenths were Indians, and the remainder Californians or im- 
migrants and tJieir descendants, principally fnmi Mexico. 
In the mean time the town was slowly increasing, some im- 
portance being attached to it in consequence of the hides 
and tallow which it exported. In 1S39 it was laid out as a 
town by Captain John Yioget, the few houses being pre- 
viously scattered wiiluml regularity. In 1S45 it contained 
150 inhabitants. About this time it began to attract the at- 
tention of some adventurous Ameriwins, and the pojjulatiun 
in'Tcased in two years to nearly 500. It was, in faet, an 
American settlement long before it fell a conquest to the 
United States. 

The bay on which the city stands extends S. of it some 
50 m. parallel with the sea, from wiiirh it is only separated 
by a narrow stripof land, varying from 5 to 25 m. in breadth. 
The city is on Uie extreme point of this peninsula. Its site 
is handsome and commanding, being on an inclined plane 
half a mile in extent from the water's edge to the hills in 
the rear. Two points of land— Clark's Point on the N., and 
Kincon Point on the S., one mile apartr— project into the 
bay, forming a crescent between them, which fs the water 
front of the city, and which has already been filled in and 
covered with buildings f >r the extent of half a mile. Those 
points and the lofty hills, N. and W., upon which the 
city is rapidly climbing, afford a most extensive and pic- 
turesque view of the surrounding country. Standing on 
Telegraph Hill, to the N. of the city, and looking E., the 
spectator sees the spacious bay, 8 m. in width, crowded 
•with ships of all nations, and the fertile coast of Contra 
Costa beyond, with its new city of Oakland, behind which 
rises hill on hill, to the red wood forests on the summits — 
towering over the rest, the conical peak of Mount Diabolo, 



at a distance of 30 m. T<p the N. is the entrance from the 
ocean, and Situcilito. 6 m. distant, at the foot of the opjjosite 
hills. The northern arm of the bay also stretches away till 
loA in the distance, studded with smoking steamers on their 
way to the numerous points on the Sacramento and San 
Joaquin rivers. To ttie S. is the busy city, the Mission 
Dolores, the southern arm of the bay lost in the horizon, 
and the dim, distant coast-range nmning parallel on the E. 
Facing W. is seen the narrow strait through which the rest- 
less ocean ebbs and flows, and into which the sea-breeze 
sweeps <iaily with its chilling but purifying misls—lho 
Golden Gate, the Presidio, the fort, and the great ocean 
beyond. 

The Bay of San Francisco, says Fremont, has been cele- 
brated, from the lime of its lirst discovery, as one of the finest 
in the world, and is justly entitled to that character, even 
under the seaman's view of a mere harbor. But when all 
the accessary advantages which belong to it — fertile and 
picturesque dependent country ; mildness and salubrity of 
climate; connection with the great interior Valley of the 
Sacramento and San Joaquin ; its vast resources for ship- 
tiraber, grain, and cattle— when these advantages are all 
taken inio account, with its geographical position on the 
line of communication with Asia, it rises into an importance 
far above that of a mere harbor, ond deserves a particular 
notice in any account of maritime California. Its latitudinal 
position is that of Lisbon; its climate is that of Southern 
Italy ; settlements upon it for more than half a century at- 
test its healthiness ; bold shores and mountains give it 
grandeur; the extent and fertility of its dependent couniry 
give it great resources for agriculture, commerce, and i>02>. 
ulation. {Se^ article CiLifonNiA.) 

The city, as it now exists, is regularly laid out into streets 
and squares, and contains a vast number of wholesale and 
and retail stores, well built, many of brick, aud in its public 
buJTdings is not behind the majority of Atlantic cities in 
point of architecture and ornament. All is being built on a 
magnificent scale commensurate with the greatness of the 
golden lands of which it is the commercial depfit. Its facil- 
ities for shipping are excellent, and its anchorage safe and 
commodious. It would, however, bo useless to desciibo 
such a place; its daily progress and general advancement 
render such an attempt nugatory, as a description of to-day 
would give but a poor idea of its condition on the morr tw. 
To sum np its past and give its latest statistical returns 
is all that can be required. The city is governed by a 
mayor, aldermen, and recorder, and has various municipal 
courts, ill wiiich justice is regularly dispensed. The streets 
wliich so lately were mere s;ind-trnck.'*, are now paved and 
lighted, and in regard of its police an unparalleled eflleiency 
is maiiit:iinoit. There are many things in San Francisco, 
however, which would not be tolerated in New England; it 
has its gaming houses and swindling shops of every degree, 
and many of its hotels are absolute hells ; but these are the 
incidents of its peculiar situation. The receptacle of the 
" fast men"' of all countries, and the threadbare characters 
of the Atlantic States, it is only wonderful that it is not 
worse than it really is said to be. But this position of af- 
fairs can only be temporary, and will be gradually removed 
as a pernunient p(»pidation is attained. 

The corporation of San Francisco consists of a mayor, 
recorder, marshal, controller, treasurer, tax collector, cily 
attorney, street commissioner, three county assessors, county 
justice, constable, eight aldermen, and eight assistant alder- 
men. The police force consists of a captain, assistant eajv 
tain, and thirly-two men. Several of the heavy mi'reantile 
houses employ special policemen, maintained at their own 
expense, but clothed with authority by the mayor and mar- 
shal. The health department levies one dnlhir from each 
passenger landing by sea, which entitles the sick to ail mis- 
sion into the City Hospital free of charge for the subsequent 
six months. 

The general condition of the city in 1S52 may be gathered 



SAN 



SAN 



from llie Stale census of that year, and other returns refer- 
ring to other late periods. 

Total population— 34.ST6 ; of which 84,320 wore wliitos— 
20.166 males, and 5,154 females; 312 were negroes — 200 
nialcs, .and 53 females ; 132 were mttlattoea— 99 males, and 
83 ft-niales; 12 domesticated Indians — 6 males, and 6 fe- 
male.i. Persons over 21 years of age — Americans, 11,371 
negroes, 275, raulattoes, 103, and foreigners, l.'),937. The 
total rminljer of foreigners was 1S,SD4, of which 16,144 were 
males, ami 2,710 females. 

Statement showing the national character, number, and 
tonnage of vessels which arrived and cleared at San Fran- 
ei-^eii during the year ending 3l5t December, 1B52, and tlie 
countries of departure and destination : 

ENTRANCES. 

. American. Tntnl. 

Cnuiitrie* of ,_ , 

Peiiirture. C !I! ' '^ Z ' 

Veas, Tons. Tens. Ions. 

r.S.racilic Ports.... 1S3 .... 73,721 .... 154 .... 74,1.'>3 

N.T7. Coaslof Amer.. 5 9S1 .... 13 .... 1.971 

Mexico 23.... 4,803.... 77.... 13,085 

Cenlral America 86 22,080 44 23.673 

New Granada 64 .... 58,24S .... 75 .... 02.193 

Peru 9 .... 1.671 .... 15 .... 2,7.54 

Chile 17 .... 5,003 .... 105 .... 33,015 

Society Islands 82.... 8.9-'3.... .39.... 6.250 

Sandwich Islands.... 81 .... 6,058 .... 03 .... 9,730 

Other Pacific Ports... 12 8,599 12 8,599 

Philippines — .... — 2 .... 905 

China 21 .... 11,527 .... 92 .... 47,204 

Eastlndics 1.... 197.... 1.... 197 

Australia 5 .... 1,582 .... 25 .... 7,211 

France 1 809 .... 27 ... . 10,052 

Spain — — 1 870 

Belgium — .... — .... 1.... 16S 

Holland — .... — .... 6.... 2,405 

Ilanse Towns — — 8 1,6S7 

Portug.al — — 3 9MI 

Great P.ritain — — 40 18.280 

U. S.Atlanlie Ports.. 152 ....12.8,770 .... 162 ,...12.3,770 

All other Countries... 2 271 6 1,227 

Total 594 ....317,202 .... 990 ....444,615 

CLEARiSOES. 
„ . Amencnn. Tolnl. 

'"■"'"""°''- 'v.,,. ' Tom'. V«s. ' Ton,". 

TJ.S.P.acilic Ports.... 696 ...122,993 .... 696 ....122,993 

N. W. Coast Of Amer.. 12 .... 2..898 .... 19 .... 8,219 

Mexico 15 .... 8.694 .... 73 .... 1,5,052 

Ccntrtil America -SO .... 2.3,587 .... 46 .... 26,179 

New Granada 67 .... 67,733 .... 65 .... 60,822 

Peru 13 .... 6,.507 .... 47 .... 23,209 

Cllile 21 .... 7,485 .... 115 86,008 

Society Wands 23 2,755.... 29.... 8,620 

Sandwich Islands.... 47 .... 13,444 .... SO 17,875 

Other Paeitic Ports... 27 .... 5,665 .... 42 .... 11,048 

Philippines 18 .... 12,174 .... 24 .... 14,863 

China SO .... 69,368 .... 137 .... 85,699 

Eastlndies 32 .... 21,3(17 .... 63 .... 39,976 

Australia 17 5,709 67 .... 15,104 

France — — — .— — 

Spain — — — — 

Belgium — — — — 

Holland — .... — .... — .... _ 

Hanse Towns — — 1 160 

Portugal — .... — — — 

Great lirittdn — — 1 519 

XI. S. Atlantic Ports.. 24 .... 16,403 .... 24 .... 15,403 

All other Countries . . 3 1,349 3 l,:i49 

Total 1,121 ....361,106.... 1,523 ....491,678 

The following table, taken from JTunVs '' Merchants' Mag- 
azine"' for May, 1853, though dilTering somewhat from the 



above, will nevertheless be most valuable on account of its 
showing the character of the shipping, both entered and 
cleared, at the port : 

ENTBANCE8, 1852. 

Ameri'.ftn. From foreign porta. 

Cliaracter. C<,;islwi,e. Amerii nn. foreign. Totil. 

No. Tons. No. Tons. No. lona. No. Tons. 
Sle.amers. 57. 46,046.. 69. .72,441. 1.. 389. .127.118,876 
Ships . . . .139.110,055. .23. .16.275. 93. .,52,3'-2. .200.187,712 
Parks.... 58. 17,686. .88.. 10,279.141 . .51,844.. 2.37. 79,Sil9 
Brigs.... 64. 11.221.. 04.. 11,283. 113.. 19,783.. 240. 42.280 
Schooners 26. 2,783. .53.. 6,660. 60.. 0.S93..139. 10,321 



Total ..844 190,781 252 116,944 407 131,289 1,(I(J3 445,014 




CLEARANOES, 1852. 


An 

CInirncler. Co. 

No. 


ericnu. For foreign ports 
,lwi,e. American. Foreign. Total. 
Ions. Ko. Tons. No. Tons. No. Tons, 


Steamers. 90 


57,7.58. 60. 68,511. 2.. 778. .158.127,047 


Ships 22. 


1.8,7.39.141.112.135. 93. .51,428. .256.182.303 


Barks.... 48. 


12,170. 74. 21.808. 184.. .52,577.. 256. 60.615 


Brigs.... 92. 


1.5,416. 64. 11,625. 107.. 18,477.. 263. 45,518 


Schooners453. 


29,434. 40. 6,545. 69.. 6.728., 65S. 41,6.57 



Totttl ..705 133,507 391 219,644 405 129,9881,491 4S:),139 

The following are the statistics of the arrivals from East- 
ern domestic ports during the year, with the ports from 
which they sailed, the tonnage, etc. : 

Wlience. Vessels. Tons. A v. passage. 

Boston, Mass 47 34,241 148i days 

NewYork,N. Y 99 83,339 1,50 " 

Philadelphia, Pa 7 2,8.39 101 " 

Baltimore, Md 6 1,890 179 " 

Frankfort, Me 1 199 156 " 

New London, Ct 1 135 185 '• 

P.ichmond, Va 3 2,007 1591 " 

The arrivals during the different months of the year were 
as follows : 



Momlis 


Ves. 


Tons. 


Av. days. 


Monllia 


Tes. 


Tons. A^ 


.(lavs. 


Jan. . 


6.. 


. 6.941. 


.. 140 


July. 


13.. 


. 14,,«9.. 


140} 


Feb.. 


8.. 


. S.238. 


.. 145i 


Aug. 


17.. 


. 12,424.. 


148} 


Mar.. 


7.. 


. 4,.557. 


.. 183 


Sept. 


13.. 


. 10,033... 


l.^OJ 


April 


13.. 


. 10,207. 


.. 1371 


Oct. . 


27.. 


. 19,441.. 


100 


May . 


11.. 


. 7,695. 


.. 149 


Nov. 


22.. 


. 15,877 . . 


101 


-June. 


8.. 


. 2,8M. 


.. 129 


Deo. 


IS.. 


. 12,2,85.. 


158J 



The twelve shortest p,assage3 of the year were as follows : 



Name. From, D.aleofarr, 

Swor. I Fish New York Feb. 10 . 



Dm 



Boston , 



Flying Fish .... 
StalTordshire.... 
Sov. <»f the Seas. 

Comet 

Wild Pigeon.... 
-John Bertr.'ou . . 

Shooting Star " 

Celestial New York . 

Courier Boston . . . . 

Eclipse New York. 

Sea Witch " 



92 

" 15 98 

Aug.l8 101 

New Yorl; Nov. 15 103 

" Jan. 18 104 

" " 2S 104 

Boston Mar. 20 li S 



...Aug. 17. 
...Feb. 17. 
...Ap. 23. 
... " 22. 
...Dec. 9. 



. 105 
. 107 
. 108 
. 103 
. 103 
The number of passengers arriving and clearing by sea 

at San Francisco, dm-ing the year ending 28th Dec, 1852, 

wjis as follows : 

t'n.-eniera. Arriving. Clearing. 

. 67.316 22,554 

. 5,223 

. 1,651 



890 



Males 

Females 

Children 

Total 64,190 22,946 

— excess of arrivals 41,244. The arrivals overland and at 
other ports may be set down at 10,000, which would give- to 
the State an increase of upward of 50,000 in the year, irre- 
spective of natural increase. 

765 



cr 



SAN 

Subjoined is a statement of tlie number of vessels wli ich 
have sailed from the Atlantic States for California, each 
month, since the discovery of gold. 

Month 1S48. 18^t>, 18.10. 1851 1852. 

January - 33 S'2 26 U 

February - 64 6-3 11 20 

March — 53 109 13 24 

April - 21 69 8 16 

May - 23 83 4 2S 

June - 34 32 5 28 

July.. — 42 25 6 15 

August — 60 26 4 27 

Septeraher - 40 23 4 81 

October 3 T4 81 10 34 

November 6 105 41 14 26 

December 11 S9 21 II - 



Total. 



20 



6T3 



5S6 



121 



233 



The amount of gold dust shipped by steamers from the port 
of San Francisco, during the year ending 31st December, 
1S.'>2, was. according to a t.lble carefully prepared by Adams 
& Co., $15,587,803 ; of which $39,007,307 was destined for 
Now Yorii, $470,78:5 for New Orleans, $6,1)20,027 for Lon- 
don, $40,000 for Panama, and $43,636 for San Juan. The 
shipments for the several months were, $3,9(15,770 for Janu- 
ary, $1,770,122 for February, $2,173,304 for March, $3,467,293 
for April, $5,470,923 for May, $3,570,266 for June, $4,119,509 
for July, $3,619,929 fur August, $4,108,630 for September, 
$5,067,386 for Octeber, $5,253,499 for November, $4,056,172 
for December. 

The amount of gold dust manifested and shipped by sail- 
ing vessels during the same time was $213,518 ; of which- 
$97,907 was sent to V.alparaiso, $23,611 to Hong Kong, 
$-17,000 to Cauton, $7,000 to Shanghae, and $39,000 to ports 
in China. 

The amount of coin manifested during the same time 
■was $4.=)5.353; of which $185,061 was shipped to Ilong 
Kong, $13,000 to Wliampoa, $35,000 to Shanghae, $75,850 
to ports in Chin.i, $33,433 to Valparaiso, $49,830 to Manilla, 
J4,n00 to Punta Arenas, and $71,000 to Honolulu. 

The total amount of gold dust and coin manifested and 
shipped on board steamers and sailing vessels during the 
year 1S.52 was $46,250,574. This, of course, does not show 
all the gold dust exported during the year, as many vessels 
are in the habit of taking large amounts abroad without 
noting them on their manifests. To obtain the actual export 
it would be necessary to add these unknown shipments, and 
also an estimate for the amount taken away in the hands of 
passengers. This last may safely be put down for the year 
at $10,000,000,showing a total export of gold from California 
during the year 1S53 of about $60,000,1100. 

The history of San Francisco since the American occu- 
pancy, is full of interest and instruction. Within the brief 
space of 5 or 6 years, it has risen from a comparatively 
small village, to a mighty city, commanding the trade of the 
world, and the destined port of a large moving population. 
The war with Mexico, which broke out in 1346, gave a first 
impulse to its commerce, by requiring the shipment of sup- 
plies for military purposes. In March, 1S47, there were in 
the harbor the extraordinary number of si.'C vessels— the 
in)ports f.ir the la-st quarter of that year amounted to $49,600, 
and the exports to $53,000. At this period, the number of 
inhabitants, exclusive of Indians, was 375, Eight months 
fciter, when a census was taken by the Board of School 
Trustees, the number exceeded 800, of which 60 were of 
scholastic age. Tliis increase of more than 100 per cent, in 
eight months, took place before the discovery of gold, and 
when California was sought merely for agricultural and 
commercial purposes. The first school-house was completed 
in Dec, 1847, and the town council passed a resolution, that 
'• not exceeding $400 be a-Hiroprialed to the payni.-nl of the 
teacher of the public sch.. .).-if this place, $200 to be paid at 
Uie expiration of the first six months, and $200 to be paid 
766 



SAN 

at the expiraliiin of twelve months, from the commencement 
of the school. This w.is tlie day f J' small things. Gold was 
a scarce article, except as a hidden tre.'isure. The first 
American school in California was duly opened on Monday, 
8d April, 1S48. It appears that the early settlers were bent 
on reducing the town to the order and decorum of some 
Atlantic cities. Ordinances were passed in 1847 imposing 
a fine of $6 on any person allowing hogs to run at large, 
and a fine of $30 on any person discharging fire-arms 
within a mile of the public square. Complaints were even 
made in the newspaper, against the practice of smoking 
cigars in the magistrates' ofllce and other pubUo places. In 
January, 1847, an ordinance was published, directing that 
the name of Yerba Buena, as applied to the town, be changed 
to San Fr.ancisco, in all public documents and records. On 
the 13lh Sept., the first election was held, for six members 
of council. The number of votes polled was 200. The 
"steamboat" made its experimental trip on the 15lh Nor. 
of that year. This pioneer in steam navigation was a 
diminutive vessel, the name of which is not given. In 
April, 1847, a semi-monlhly mail was established to San 
Diego and other southward points. On the 1st of April next 
year, the "California Star Express" left by the overhind 
route. This formidable enterprise, the first regular convey- 
ance to the States, was announced to go through, as far as 
Independence, in 00 days. The postage on a letter was 
50 eeiUs. Early in 1848, an excitement appears to have 
taken hold of the public mind, in regard to the supposed 
mineral treasures of the country ; but it is worthy of remark, 
that gold was the metal least thought of. The quicksilver 
mines near San J036 had long been known and worked. 
Copper was discovered somewhere, saltpetre and sulphor 
also, a quarry of limestone was opened, and coal had beea 
found near San Francisco. Silver it was said had also been 
discovered. To this metal, indeed, more than any other, 
was expectation directed, and people seemed to have an 
idea that the land was underlaid with silver ore. The first 
discovery of gold was made near Sutter's Fort, 30 miles from 
New Helvetia, in Dec, 1847, and by the ensuing spring, tlie 
" yellow fever" as it was facetiously called, had carried off 
the greater part of the population. Stores were closed, and 
houses left tenantless, and every thing wore a desolale and 
sombre look. Lawyers, merchants, grocers, carpenters, and 
cooks, rushed in one motley assemblage to the mines. The 
newspapers ceased their issues. This suspension of trade 
and business, however, was soon succeeded by the most 
extraordinary activity. Adventurers from all nations, and 
merchandise of all kinds began to pour into the town, on its 
way to the mining regions. The forsaken buildings re- 
ceived a new tenantry, and the store-houses were in demand 
for mercantile purposes. In August, emigrants began to 
arrive at the rate of 500 a month, and in the middle of 
September, the harbor is described as crowded with ship- 
ping, the wharf lined wilh goods, and the street-s filled with a 
busy throng. In tiie first two months of the golden age, the 
amount of dust brought into San Francisco was eslimated 
at $250,000 ; and in the next two months, at $600,000. In 
Sept., 1S4S, an era took place in the history of the city: a 
square-rigged vessel— the brig Belfast, from New York, had 
arrived, laden with a valuable cargo. She hauled up at 
Broadway wharf, the only one accessible to such a vessel, 
and there discharged. No sooner was she known to bo 
laii'ling her cargo, than real estate rose 50 per'cent. A 
vacant lot on the corner of Washington ami .Montgoiricry 
streets, at that time bordering on the water, which had been 
offered frir $5,000 and refused, sold readily the very next 
day for $10,000, The first brick building was erected at the 
corner of Montgomery ami Clay streets, in Sept.. 1S4S. 

About this time projects Were started for establisliing a 
temperance society and a iyceum, but most persons thought 
that a theatre was most the suitable moral exptment ; a pro- 
position was also made to establish a hospiuU for miners 
etc. In November, at a public meeting, the Rev. T. D 



SAN 



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Himtwas elected ''chaplain for the city." At tlie elfclji'n 
ill Octuber, 1S43, loS votes were pnllcd ; in DfCciiibcr, IS-IS., 
Uie votLTs numbered 34", and in the August next year 1,519 
votes were polled. In December, ISIS, the j>ul)lic school 
waa re-opened. la November, 1S4S, when the people re- 
turned from the mines for the winter, the effects of the gold 
discuvt-ry were most generally fdt. Lots that in the spring 
were sold at from $100 to $2,000, now raut.'ed from $1,000 
to $15,000, and rents had quintupled. In February, 1S49, 
the popuialioa was estimated at 2,000. The duties collected 
at the custom-house in 1S4S were— Ist quarter. $11,931 ; 2d 
quarter, $S.S35 ; 8d quarter, $74,S27, and 4lh quarter, 
$100,430. The exports of merchandise amounted to about 
$1,000,000, and the imports of coin to about the surae amount, 
while the exports of gold dust for the last six months were 
$2,000,000, or something less than the quantity regularly 
exported every two weeks four years after. Tlie first fire, for 
which incidents San I''rancisi'o has bec^ime famous, occur- 
red in January, 1S49, burning the Shades Hotel, and in 
June, the ship Philadelphia was burnt in the harbor. On 
the 1st February erf" the same year the "Calilornia,'' the first 
steamship in the mail service, arrived. On the ISth of May 
arrived the ship Grey Eagle, of Philadelphia, having made 
the passage in 117 days — thus far the quickest passage. It 
was computtd that the number of emigrants in tl>e country 
In June of this year was 15,000, of whom U»e greater portion 
had debarked at this port. Sixty-four vessels were in the 
harbor. In the month of July there arrived by sea 3,614 
souls. Some idea of the rapid march of the country in those 
limes may be formed, from the fact that, on a single day, the 
Isi July, there arrived 17 vessels with SS9 passengers. In 
August the population was computed at 5,000. The num- 
ber of arrivals during the ninntli had been 3,S95. In Sept., 
5,802 arrived, and in October about 4,()00. The Baptists 
built the first Protestant house of worship in Califurnia. and 
dedicated it on the 5th August, 1S49. Central wharf was 
finished in the latter part of this year. In October a little 
iri>n steamboat was launched, and was placed on the route 
to Sacramento. On one of her trips she brought a number 
of salmon from Sacramento, which si'ld readily at $1 per 
pound, and some of the fish brought as high a price as $45. 
The steamboats M"Kim and Senator were shortly after put 
on the same route. All these vessels were crowded with 
passengers. An election to adopt (he constitution, and to 
choose Slate officers, was held on the 13ih November, when 
the number of ballots cast was 3,U)9, of which only 5 were 
in the negative. In the winter of 1S19-50 the business of 
San Francisco was almost suspended on account of the im- 
passable condition of tlie streets from rain, and in numerous 
instances persons are said to have perished in the mud. 
At this period the most motley population in the world was 
congregated in San Francisco, and tlie capricious taste of 
the citizens, in regard of dress, served to add to the ap- 
parent diversity. Every man had his own standard of 
fashion entirely independent of the rest of the world. As 
the female population increased, however, the costume of 
the men began to approach a more unifurm standard, and 
now, even the slouch hat, which so long distinguished the 
Californian. has given place to trim and formal modes from 
Broadway and Chestnut Street. In those days the humor 
of the people inclined them not in the slightest degree 
toward intellectual pursuits. Fr<»m the ninllitude of gam- 
bling and drinking houses, and the crowds that tilled them, 
one might have inferred that drinking was a universal 
habit, and that gambling waa a regular occupation of one- 
half of the people, and the niu'htly diversion of the other 
half. In the pmgress of civilization and reflneipent, during 
the winter two theatres were kept in operation, and a por- 
tion of the citizi'ns began to amuse themselves with con- 
certs, balls, dinner parties, and military suppers. The first 
rush homeward took place in this winter. Driven from the 
mines by the weather, many of the most fortunate adven- 
turers looked toward tlieir dislimt friends. All tickets for 



the steamers being taken, cxtraitrdiuary prices were offered 
for them— for steerage tiekels, the original est of which was 
$150, as much as $450 was frequently given. 

Thefir-^tof the scries of calamitous conflagrations that have 
marked the history of the cily, broke out on the 24lh Dec, 
1S49, and consumed, in houses and merc!iaridise, jimperty 
valued at $1,(}IKI,U00. The tire of Nov., 1S52, buriu-d over a 
portion of tlR- same groun.l, but with less destruction. Early 
in I'sSO an express wagi in made its appeai-ance in the streets; 
ami in January of thie year, a curious incident trauspirvd. 
in the public sale of three females from Sidney, lo pay iheir 
passage money. They were sold fur five nir-nllis al ;Jl5 
each— the captain of the vessels pocketing (he money wiih 
entire satisfaction. In March was formed the "Siraiiger'^ 
Benevolent Society," for the relief of the imliijient siijk. 
Fmm the 12th April, 1S49, to the 29[h Jan., 1S.'jO. a period 
of little over nine months, there arrived by sea at San Fran- 
cisco, 89,3S3 immigrants, of whom 1,421 were females. Of 
S05 vessels from which they landed, 4sT were American and 
olS foreign. In the year ending 15th April. 1S50. there had 
arrived ()2,000 passengers in G'Jo American and 41S f<jreign 
vessels. The winter of lS4y-5U witnessed the first step to- 
ward the formation of the present enormous debt of the city. 
The expenditures for December were $135,000. and the re- 
ceipts $175,000, being a balance in the treasury of $40,000. 
In January and February the expenditures were $2ill,n00, 
and the receipts only $137,000, leaving a deticit o( *24,tnHi, 
which was the nucleus of the present debt. Two-thirds 
of the receipts were from the sale of city lots. The debt 
then begotten increased rapidly, and in a liItU; more than a 
year reached the enormous sum of $1,000,000. 'Wheu the 
treasury was exhausted, scrip was issued, bearing inti rest 
at 3 per cent per month. The credit of the eily gnnviii:; 
worse and worse, the scrip depreciated untd it would nut 
command over one-third (A its nominal value. Persons 
having claims against the city drew up bills for imo or three 
times the amount of the claim, so that they might realize 
from the sale of the scrip the full amount of tlie debt in 
cash. Thus a tra<lesman furnishing a $1,000 worth of sup- 
plies to the hospital would present his bill for $3.nn0, aud 
receive that amctunt in scrip bearing interest as abov& 
When the debt was funded and convertetl into 10 per cent, 
bonds, he received bonds equal to the amount of the scrip 
an<i interest, that is to say, if the scrip had run six months 
the city paid him $3,540 in l)onds, with an annual interest 
of $354, or more than one-third the original debt. A more 
extraordinary specimen of financiering can scarcely be con- 
ceived. In the course of the year 1S50 the principal streets 
were graded and lai<i wiih planks. Commercial Sireet, 
from Montgomery to Kearny, was first completed. Antici- 
paling another winter like the past, the pre]iaration of the 
streets was hastened as the autumn advanced, and when 
the season of rain arrived, the chief thoroughfares were ef- 
fectually covered with wood. The winter, however, brought 
but little rain, and the flres of May and June followuig. de- 
stroyed a large pf)rti'Ui of the co?ily expenditure which had 
added largely to the debt of the city. After introducing the 
suliject, says Dr. Gibbons, from whose " Brief Sketch of 
San Francisco" the greater part of this article has been re- 
duced, it would not be right to pass ^^ itlioui commendatory 
notice, the arrangements fitudly adopted to redeem the 
credit of the cily and to pay off the million and a half of 
delrt. The funding of the debt and the issuing of bonds 
bearing interest at 10 percent, p.r annum, has already been 
mentioned. The bonds were made ]>ayab|e in twenty years, 
and provision was made to ri'deem a portion annually. 
The citizens co-operated (•arnestly in tlie movement, and 
submitted cheerfully to the inipositlcin of a heavy tax for 
the purpose. The credit of the city was at once restored, 
and the bonds rapidly approaehed to their par value. The 
transition from utter and nept-lcss bankruptcy to a bnsis of 
secure and permanent ci (.It and thai, too, after the drs^a*- 
trous Arcs of May ami ■Turn; 1S50, and the still nifire ruio- 

707 



SAN 



SAN 



0U3 conflagrations of May and June, 1S51, which laid the 
city in ashes u second time, was rapid and extraordinary, 
oxiiibiling a degree 4>r energy and courage rarely met with 
in the liistory of municipal gnvernnienla. In the spring of 
1S5II there were three daily papers published in the city, 
the "Alia Califorinan," the "Pacific News." and the "Jour- 
nal of Commerce." To these were added during the year, 
the •' Kvening Picayune," the " Herald," and ihe •'■ Cuurier." 
In less than a year after there were eight daily papers ex- 
isting in San Francisco. 

San Franc[SCO river, N". 3f^.: in the W. part of the 
Tc-rrilory, is formed by two principal head bran<-hca, and 
flows S. into Salt r., just above the coufiueuce of that stream 
with the Ilio Gila. 

San Frakctscjuita creek. San Francisco co., Calif. : rises 
in the Sierra Moreno, or Brown Mountains, runs eastwardly. 
dividing the co. from Sanla Clara, and empties into San 
Francisco bay. Gold has been found in small quantities in 
this creek. 

San Gatiriel, p. o., ■Willmmson county, Tex.: 85 m. N. 
Austin City. 

Sangamox connty, III. Situate centrally, and contains 
936 sq. m. Sangamon r. passes through the N. E. jtortion, 
by which and its branches it is drained, and excellent 
■water-power supplied. Surface undulating; soil a rich, 
calcareous loam, with sand intermixed, and very pro- 
ductive. Staples, wheat and Indian corn. It has fine tim- 
ber land, and may be considered one of the rlclKst counties 
of the State. Farms 1,5TS; manuf. 92; dwell. 3.173, and 
pop.— wh. 1S,9S3, free colored 245— total 19,22S. Ctipltcd : 
SpringHeld. PuUicWorks : Great "Western Central E. II. ; 
Chicago and Mississippi R. E., etc. 

Sajs'gamon river. III. : one of the chief branches of Illi- 
nois r., rises in a small lake in Vermillion co., flows W. by 
changing course, and empties into the Illinois r. between 
Cass and Macon counties. It is about ISO m. long, of which 
about 120 m. are navigable for small craft. It flows through 
one of the most fertile and pleasant portions of the State. 

Sanoebfieijj, t. and p. v.. Oneida co., K Y.: 17 m. S. 
Oriskany Falls, and 86 m. W. by N. Albany. Drained by 
Chenango r. and Oriskany cr. Surface uneven ; soil rich 
and highly cultivated. The v. is near Oriskany cr. There 
Is in the t. a furnace and other manufactories, an oil, grist, 
and saw mills, etc. Pop. of t 2,371. 

Sangeuville, t. and p. o., Piscataquis co., J^Ie. : on S. 
side of Piscataquis r., 63 ra. N. N. E. Augusta. It has an 
uneven surface, with fertile soil, and contains 3 handsome 
ponds. Pop. 1,26T. 

Sangstee's Station, p. o. and sta., Fairfax co., Tirg. : 
on the Orange and Alexandria R. E., S3 m. N. llichmond. 

SANfLAC county, Mich. Situate E. of the S. Peninsula, 
and contains 730 sq. m. Drained by the Black and Cass 
rivers and their affluents. Surface generally oven ; soil fer- 
tile, and, with cultivation, adapted to the raising of wheat, 
grain, vegeta.ble3, etc. Lake Huron bounds it on the E. 
Farms 61 ; manuf. 27 ; dwell. 372, and pop.— wh, 2,112, fr. 
col. 0— total 2,112. Capital: Lexington. 

Sanilac Mills, p. o., Sanilac co., Mich. : 110 m. N. E. 
Lansing. 

San Jacinto, p, o., Harris county, Teas. : 152 m. E. by S. 
Austin City. 

Sa-n Jacinto river, Tex. .iBrises in "Walker county, flows 
S. S. E., receiving numerous tributaries, of which the prin- 
cipal one is East fork, and empties into San Jacinto bay, an 
arm of Galveston bay. It is navigable about 4o m., is very 
deep, and its water is very clear and wholesome. 

San JoAQPiN counly, Colif. Situate centrally, and con- 
tains about 11,600 sq. m. Drained by San Joaquin r. and 
its tributaries, Moquelumne, Calaveras, and Stanislaus 
rivers. Moquelumne r. on the N., and Stanislaus r. on the 
S., form its boundaries in those directions. The banks of 
these rivers are rapidly being settled. A large portion bor- 
dering on the San Joaquin and Moquelumne, consisting of 
768 



overflowed or " Tule** is being improved, but tliere is nmch 
land tliat can not be brought into cullivation without great 
labor. Game of all di-scriptions is plentiful on the plains. 
The rivers abound in fish, and many persons are engaged 
in taking and curing salmon. Oak is the ]>rincipal timber. 
Located in the heart of a valley hundreds of miles in length, 
this is one of the finest agricultural counties in Ihe State. 
Garden produce, melons, etc., are raised in abimdance. 
Mining is but little engaged in. On the Stanislaus the pla- 
cers average about $4 a day per man. The Indians have 
mostly removed to the mountains: those remaining, in all 
379, are located in four pueblas, are perfectly (yiondly, and 
some cultivate the soil or work at the mines. Ferries and 
bridges have been est^J)lished over the rivers, and the 
means of travel are convenient in all parts. Pop. in 1S52, 
5,029— wiiitcs 4,569— males 3,552, and females 9S7 ; negroes 
SI — males 60, and females 21 ; Indians 379— males 16S, and 
females 211 ; foreign residents 749— males 450. and females 
299. Over 21 years of age— citizens of the United States, 
2.451. male ni^oes 53, male Indians 125, and foreign resi- 
dents 516. Capital employed in the co., $2,S9(J,050. Capi- 
tal: Stockton. 

San Joaquin, p. v., San Joaquin Co., Calif. : on the r. so 
called, at the mouth of Stanislaus r., and opposite the city 
so calle<l, 6S m. S. E. "V'allejo. 

San JoAQtHN river, Calif: rises in Tnlares lake and the 
Sierra Nevada or Snowy Mountains, winds its way semi- 
circularly around the head of the Mercede in a N. W, 
direction, through a fine valley, and into the San Joaqiiin 
plains, about 15 ra. N. of the line dividing the county from 
Tulare county, thence continues in a S. W. direction about 
30 m., when it gradually inclines N., passing nearly through 
the centre of it. and joining the Sacramento river, flows W. 
irjto San Francisco bay. It h-is numerous tributaries, aflbrd- 
ing supplies of water to the surrounding country fur mining 
purposes. This stream is navigable as far up as Stockton 
for vessels drawing over 9 feet of water, and for smaller 
craft as far up as the Tuolumne r., at which point vessels 
have arrived with 15 tons freight. It abounds in salmon 
and other fine fish. Fort Miller is located at its entrance 
into the plains. "Wild oats, clover, and otlier rich grains, 
grow in abundance along the course of this stream. 

San Jose, p. v., Santa Clara co., CaJif. : the former seat 
of government ; is located in one of the most pleasant 
and healthy valleys in the State, 50 ni. from San Fran- 
cisco, and li'O m. S. Vallejo. It is an agricultural place, 
and iis advantages for garden fruits and grains are of the 
highest order. Tliere is a wharf here, and it is the depGt 
where the small craft that ply to and fru in the bay deposit 
and take in their freights. The vessels range from 10 to 20 
tons. The principal quicksilver mines in the State are 
about 20 m. S. of this place. Pop. 1.200. 

San Juan. p. v., Monterey county, OiUf. : at the base of 
Santa Cruz Mountain, in the valley of San Juan, SS m, S. B 
Vallejo. There are several mines in the vicinity. 

San JrAN Baptisto, mission, Monterey county, Calif. : 
about 104 m. S. E. Vallejo. A tract of orchard land, in good 
state of cultivation, and well watered. Like other missions 
in California, it is in private hands, either by claim or pre* 
emption. 

San Lons, p. c, Brazoria county, Tex. : 154 m. E. 3. E. 
Austin City. 

San Luis Obispo county, Calif. Situate S. on the Pacific, 
and contains 4,600 sq. m. Surface hilly, being traversed 
by the Coast Range and other mountains. The streams are 
the Nacinnento, dividing it from Monterey co. : the Arroyo 
Grande and the Santa Maria, dividing it from Santa Bar- 
bara CO. The bottoms on these streams are well timbered 
with sycamore, oak, and alaraia, a species of coitonwood. 
Pine of hirge size and superior quality "is abundant. Along 
the coast are fine harbors ; that of San Luis 01>ispo is 9 nk 
"W. of the t. of the same name; that of San Simeon is 40 m 
N. "W. of San Luis, and there is a flue harbor known as the 



• SAN 

Morn. Kieh silver mines are foiiiul in tiie co.. ;iinl <-ripprr 
and irnn are supposeil to exisi, an'! a fine biluminotiy ei>at is 
fouuii near San Simeon bay. Tliere are many and larce 
bimmlnous sprin;?<, and a warm snipbur spring — ihe pana- 
cea of the natives — about 10 ni. S. of San Lnia Obispo. 
Lirae-roeli is plentiful. On the jilains, in the N. E. part of 
the CO., wild horses range in large ntnnbers. Uorticnlture 
is carried on to some extent. The vineyard of San Miguel 
is extensive, bnt nnieli neglected. The nnssion of San Luis 
Obispo, though in ruins, has slill remaining some fine olive, 
peacli, pear, tig. and apple orchards, and a small vineyard. 
Tlie capital invested in ranches and stock amonnte<l in 1883 
to $6G4,S4;3. and in village property to -$40,000. Top. of that 
year,9S4— whiles 494— males 331, and females 103; negroes 
S — males 4, and females 4; foreign residents, 121— males 
85. and females Sli. Over 21 years of age— citizens of II. S., 
H.3, negroes -1, and foreigners 77. There are 37 ranches in 
the CO., chielly lield under Mexican grants, containing in 
all 550,000 acres. Cupilal: San Luis OI)ispo. 

Sax Luis Ouiseo, v., port, and cap. San Luis Obispo co., 
Oil!/: : half-way from Santa Barbara to .Monterey, and 177 
miles .S. E, V.alleio. The v. is locatcil on a small stream, 
m. from the harbor. An unsafe port in winter. Allhougli 
having an extensive seaboard, it is not well watered. Lat. 
85° 10' 37.5" N., and long. 120° 4!)' 81" W. Ten miles S. of 
the V. are the warm sulphur si>rings — the panacea of the 
natives. 
San Marco, p. o., Travis co., 7!y'. 
San Marcos river, 'Jhn.: the principal tributary of Gua- 
dalupe r. Is a large stream rising in the S. E. corocr of 
Gillesj.ie county, and flows E. and S. E. to its confluence 
with the Guadalupe, near Gonzales. 

San Miouf.l county. A'. J&c. Situate centrally toward 
N., and immediately E. of Santa F4 Area 3,500 sq. m. 
Drained by the upper waters of Pecos and by Canadian 
rivers, which are here comparatively small streams. Sur- 
face elevated, and in the \V. mountainous, being traversed 
by tlie Jumanez range. Except on the rivers there is very 
little .agricultural land. Farms 177; manuf. 0; dwell. 1,731, 
and pop.— wh. 7,070, fr. col. 4— total 7,074. Capital : San 
Miguel. 

San Miguel, v., San Louis Obispo CO., Calif. : on the TV. 
side of Monterey or Salinas r., 71 m. S. E. Monterey and 
15G m. S. S. E. from Tallojo. 

San Miouki. river, Tlai. .• rises by two head branches hi 
S. E. corner of Medina county, and flows S. S. E. through 
Bexar county, and empties into the Eio Frio near its mouth. 
San Nicot.as, v., Los Angelos co., Oilt/. : on the S. E. 
end of the island of San Nicolas, in the Pacific Ocean. 62 m. 
S. W. St. Vincent, in lat. 83° 14' 12.9" N., and long. 119° 25' 
00" W., 839 m. S. S. E. Tallejo. 

San Pa;blo, v.. Contra Costa co., Calif. ; at the entrance 
of the bay so called. 15 ni. S. by W. Vallejo. 

San Pablo bay, Calif. : one of the norlhcrn divisions or 
arm of San Francisco bay, bordering on the counties of 
Contra Costa, Napa, Sonoma, and Marin. It receives the 
waters of Napa, Sonoma, and Pctalurna creeks. 

San Pasquei., v., San Diego co., Calif. : on the lino of 
the Santa F6 route, 45 m. N. of S. boundary of the Stale 
and 403 m. S. E. Vallejo. 

San Patricio county, Tot. Situate S., and contains 2,720 
sq. m. Drained by West Aransas and other tributaries of 
Aransa-s r., and by branches of Uio Nueces, wJiich runs 
along its southern border Surface varied, in Ihe N. being 
undulating and broken and somewhat elev.iled, but in Ihe 
S. fine level tracts of land spreading over a large portion 
of the county. Along the streams are some strips of wood- 
land. Farms 10 ; manuf. 0; dwell. 8S, and pop.—wii. 197, 
fr. col. 0, si. .3— total 200. Capital: San Patricio. 

San Patricio, p. v.. and cap. San Patricio co., TeJp.: on 
the E. bank of Nueces r, ]ij6 m. S. Austin City. 

San Pedro, p. o., Houston CO., 7€x. : 171 m. N. E. by E. 
Austin City. 

49 



SAN 

Saw Pedro, v. and port, Los Angelos Co., Calif : on the 
bay of San Pe<lp), 332 m. S. E. Vallejo, lat. 33° 43' 19.6" N., 
and long, llso IC 03" W. It is the port of Los Angelos, 
from which it is 27 m. S., and SO m. N. W. San Diego. It is 
a good farming district, eelebrati'd for the fine quality of its 
grapes, and was the f.irmcr Spanisli capital of California. 
The anchorage is good, and perl'ectly safe, except during 
the prevalence of the S. E. winds in the winter. 

San Peoro river, Los Angelos Co., Calif : a small stream 
rising in the mountains in S. part of county, flowing S. 
empties into the bay so called. 

San Pete county, Utah Ter. Situate between 83° 30" 
and 89° 57' lat. N.. and extending from the Iloeky Mount- 
ains W. to about 1120 long. yi. It is il'rained by Green and 
Orau'l rivers, the const ilnents of the Rio Colorado, and in 
the hills which cross its W. portion, Nicollet r has its sources. 
Timber of various kinds is abundant, and bituminous coal, 
gypsum, salt, etc., are found in abundance. Farms 51 ; 
manuf. 1 ; dwell. 62, and pop.— wh. 305, fr. col. 0— total 365. 
Capital : Manti City. 

San Rafael, p. v., and cap. Marin CO., Calif. : is laid out 
at the olil mission of the same name, on tlie W. side Of 
Pablo bay, an arm of San Francisco bay, 23 m. W. of Val- 
lejo. It is a pleasant site, and when the resources of its 
undulating, wooded, and arable back country shall be de- 
veloped, it will become an important poinL 

San Ramon, p. o., Contra Costa county, Calif: 39 m. S. 
Vallejo. 

San Simeon, port, San Luis Obispo co., Calif. : on the 
bay so called, 40 m. N. Vf. San Luis Oliispo ami 158 m. 
S. S. E. Vallejo, lat. S.'jO 33' 24" N., and long. 121° 10' 22" W. 
It has little or no harbor, being nearly an open roadstead. 

Santa Anna county, Al Mex. Situate centrally toward 
N., and contains about 400 sq. m. Tlie Rio Grande and 
Santa F6 county bound it on the E., and on the W. it is 
bounded by the Sierra Madre, the highest peak of which in 
this county is Mount Taylor. The Piierco and other tribu- 
taries of the Eio Grande, drain the surface, which, with the 
exception of the immediate valley of the river, is essen- 
tially mountainous. Farms 144; manuf. 0; dwell. 973, and 
pop.— wh. 4,644, fr. col. 1— total 4,045, Capital: Jemez. 

S.ANTA Anna, p. v., De Witt co.. III. : on the head branch 
of Salt cr., CO m. N. E. Springflekl. 

Santa Barbara county, Calif. Situate S. on the Pacific, 
anil contains about 4,300 sq. m. The principal streams are 
the Santa Clara, forming the S. E. boundary, the San Bue- 
n;ivenlura, Santa Inez, and a small stream Inrniing the N. 
boundary. These are all small streams, rising in the Coast 
Range of mountains, which, on the K. border of the county 
rise to the height of from 8,000 to 4,1100 feel, and are vol- 
canic. The waters of the coast abound in corvinas, black 
fish, mackerel, crawfish, sardines, clams, and many other 
species of excellent fish and erustae:e. A bed of oysters, 
150 yards long and 25 yards wide, and 3 feet thick, has 
been discovered within the pueblo limits of Santa Barbara, 
the oysters being of uncommon size and gooil fia\'or. The 
i.slands otf the coast are the rendezvous of otters, seals, sea 
elephants, and beaver. There are several fine valleys in 
the county, iiueh of the soil of which is fertile arable land, 
and along the streams is susceptible of irrigation. About 
oue-thir-l the surface is adapted for cereal agriculture and 
horlieulture. Fruit of all kinds, vines, melons, etc., grow 
finely. The grasses are luxuriant and nutritious, and \ec6- 
lation generally fully develojied. Agriculture, howeyer, is 
in a very rude state, and the material for fencing scarce. 
For dairy farming the county canniU be excelled. Goid is 
found in the southern part, ami was extensively worked in 
1812. There are tiu- springs near Santa Barbara village, 
and the sea throws up bitumen for leagues along the coasL 
Salt is abundant, and is gathered at the Salinas in Aug. and 
Sept in cart loads. .\ hot sulphur spring exists in the .Mon- 
tecilo, near the village of Santa Bariiar.a, temperature 100© 
Fahr, and basin large enough to bathe in. [11 1852 the 

709 



SAN 



SAP 



population numbered 2,131: wliites 1,516 — males S34, and 
females 6S2 ; raiiUittoea 9 — mules 4, and females 5; and 
foreign residents 230 — males 120, and females 110. Over 21 
years olage: Americans 3l)l, mulattoea 5, and foreigners 
106. Land under culiivaticm 699 acres. Capital: Santa 
Barbara. 

Santa Barbara, p. v., and cap. Santa Barbara county, 
Colif. : a small sea-coast town, 253 nV. S. E. Vallejo. It is 
pleasantly .situated, surrounded by mountains. A point so 
called projects out from the town. Lat, 34° 24' 24.7" N., 
an.l long. 1190 u' is" W. 

Santa Catalina island, C<i}>f. : is a large i.-^land in the 
Paoifie <tcean. of irregular trijmgular form, 20 m. long and 
the same width, attached to Los Angelos county, 20 m. S. 
of San Pedro. 

Santa Claka county, Calif. Situate W., and contains 
aliout 12,00(1 sq. m. It lies between the Coast Kange and 
the Santa Cruz Mountains, and is watered by the I'ajara, 
Sanla Cruz, Guadalupe, and other rivers. The Guadalupe 
empties into the bay of San Francisco at its S. extremity, 
and the others have short courses to the Pacific Ocean. The 
county occupies one of the most fertile valleys of the coun- 
try, produi-iiig uU the grains, fruits, and vegetables, of the 
latitude. Its minerals are of the most valuable description 
— quicksilver, gold, silver, etc., and coal has been discover- 
ed. A great portion of the produce in the markets of San 
Francisco is brought from this county. The roads are gen- 
erally good, and the Atlantic and Pacific R. 11. will pass 
near to San Jose, Uie olti capital of tiie State. Forbes' 
quicksilver mines in the Santa Cruz Mountains, are said to 
be as rich as those of Mexico. In 1S52 the county contain- 
ed 6,664 inhabitants, of which the whites numbered G,15S— 
males 4,096. and females 2.062 ; negroes 53 — males 45, and 
females S; mulattoes, 3 females; Indians 550 — males 3S8, 
and females 162; foreign residents 1,335 — males 1,059, and 
females 276. Over 21 years of age— 1.71T citizens, 47 ne- 
groes, 193 Indians, and 1,0S1 foreign residents. Capital: 
Santa Clara. 

Santa Claka, p. v., Santa Clara co., Calif. : in tlic Santa 
Cruz Mountains, 5 m. S. of Sau Francisco bay, 26 m. W. of 
the sea-roast and 53 m. S. by E. from Vallejo. It was for- 
merly a mission, and is surrounded by one of the best farm- 
ing tracts in the State. About 19 m. S. E. are extensive 
quicksilver mines. Pop. Si'O. 

Santa Clemente island, Calif. : a large island, 16 m. 
long 6 m. wide, attached to San Diego county, 65 m. E. San 
Diego. 

Santa Cruz county, Calif. Situate W. on the Pacific, 
and contains about SOD sq. m. The Santa Cruz Mountains 
bound it on the N. E. and the Pacific Ocean on the S. "W. 
side. The interior is hilly, with intervening valleys, and 
along the coast there are precipitous blufis. The Pajara r. 
forms its S. boumlary, and there are several small streams 
emptying into the sea. A good road connects the village 
with San Francisco. Gold and other minerals are found, 
and quartz mining is carried on, I)ut to no great extent. 
Tlie indu-^lry of the people is chiefly devoted to agriculture, 
trade, etc. The land under cultivation in 1S52 was 5,472 
acres. Pop. al that date 1,219: whites 1,097— males 723, 
and females 374; negroes 4 — males 3. and females 1 ; mulat- 
toes, S ft-males : Indiana 110 — males 63, and females 47 ; for- 
eign residents S3 males. Over 21 years of age — 279 Amer- 
icans, 4 ni'groes, 8 mulattoes, 33 Indians, and 30 foreigners. 
Capital : Santa Cruz. 

Santa Chl'z, p. v., and cap. Santa Cruz co., Calif.: on 
Monteny baj'. 75 m. 8. Vallejo. lat, 36=* 57' 26.9" N.. and 
long. 1220 (0' 10" W. It is one of the oldest pueblas in the 
Stale, and presents many advantages for an agreeable res- 
idence. 

Santa Cruz island, Orlif. : a large island in the Pacific, 
attaohed to Snnla Parbara county, 23 m. long, 13 m. broad, 
20 m. S. Santa Barbara. 

Sahta Fe county, N'. Mex. Situate centrally ttiward N., 
770 



and contains about SOD sq. m. The K\o Grande firms its 
W. b'limdary. and supplies M'ater for irrigatiun. but is not 
navigable. The cultivated lands are all on the river bord- 
ers — farther E. is a sandy waste, but seldom ever traversed 
excej)! by the trader and Indian. Gold, silver, and other 
metals are found in the county. Farms 713; mamif. 6; 
dwell. 1,56U and pop.— wh. 7,704, fr. cOl. 9— total 7,713. 
Capital .- Santa F6. 

Santa Fe. p. o,, Maury co., Tenn.: 41 m. S. by W. Xashville. 

Santa Fb, p. o.. Bracken county, Ki/. : 60 miles N. E. 
Frankfort. 

Santa Fe, p. v., Miami co., Ind. : on Big Pipe cr. of the 
\V abash r.. 61 m. N. Indianapolis. 

Santa Fe, p. o., Alexander county, III. : 175 m. S. by E. 
Springfield. 

Santa Fe, p. city, and cap. Santa F6 co., and capital of 
the Territory of 2^ew Mexico: is situated about 20 m. E. 
from the Kio Grande. Lat 35° 41' 6" N., long. 106^ 02' 03" 
W. Its site is a wide plain, surrounded by lofty mountains. 
Its elevation above the sea is about 7.047 feet, A small 
creek, rising in the bills, and flowing past the city to the 
Kio Grande, supplies it with Water. The land around is 
sandy, poor, and destitute of timber, but the mountains are 
covered with pine and cedar. The climate is delightful, 
without extremes; the sky is clear, and the atmosphere dry. 
The streets are irregular and nam>w. The houses are built 
of adobes, one story high, with flat roofs, and in square 
form, with an area in the centre. There are two churches 
(Catholic) with steeples, but of ordinary construction. The 
mhabilants are chiefly a mixture of Spaniards and Indians, 
with a few Americans. Their manners and customs are 
those of the whole country, and similar to those of other 
settlements of Spanish origin. For many years this place 
has been the main point of trade in this region, and many 
of the companies engaged therein have amassed large for- 
tunes. In ISod two newspapers were published, ''The New 
Mexican," weekly, and '"Santa Fh Republican," tri-weekly. 
Pop. inlSSO, 4,S46. 

Santa Fe was founded about 15S1. Its history, with that 
of the territory, previous to belonging to the United States, 
is a (.'ontinuous record of barbarism and tyranny. It was 
taken by Gen. Kearney, on September Sth, 1S46. 

Santa Makia river, Calif: constitutes about one half of 
tlic boundary between Sant^i Barbara and San Luis Obispo 
counties, and is about 35 m. long. 

Santa Rosa county, Mor. Situate 'W.. and Contains 1,500 
sq. m. Drained I>y Blackwater and Yellow rivers and CoM 
Water, Clear Water, and Sweet Water creeks. Escambia 
r. runs along its W. border. Surface level ; soil very fertile. 
Chief productions, cotton, rice, sugar, grain, fruits, and 
vegetables. Santa Uosa island runs along its S. shore, with 
inlets N. and S. to the soun*!. Farms 91 ; manuf. 2S ; dwell. 
526, and pop.— wh. 2,095, fr. col. 4, si. 7S4— total 2,5S3. 
Capitol: Milton. Puhlic Wo7-ks: Fort Gaines and Pen- 
sacola It, R. ; Montgomery and Florida R. R.. etc. 

Santa Rosa island, Calif. ; 13 m. S.W. Santa Cruz island, 
36 m. S. by W. SantJi Barbara (Santa Barbara co.), and 
273 m. S. S. K. Vallejo. 

Santee, p. o., Covington co., J//«s. ; on a tributary uf the 
Paai-agoula r., 62 m. S. S. E. Jackson. 

Santke river, S. Car. : is formed at S E. comer of Rich- 
land CO. t>y the junction of the Congaree and Wateree rivers 
(the liead htreanis of which rise in North Carolina), flows 
E. S. E., and t'mptics into the Atlantic by two mouths. It 
is navigable for sloops about 130 m. 

Santyam city. Liuu ci\, Oreff. : ut the confluence of San- 
t>am r. with the Willamette, and about equidistant between 
Salem and Albany. 

Sanvkkl island. Fl^r.: lies off N. E. corner of Monroe 
CO., is 9 m. long and 2 m. wide. 

Sapelo island. Ca. : is K. of M-Intosh co., to which it bo- 
longs, between Sapido soun<l ami Doby inlet. It is 10 m. 
long, 5 wide, and has a lightliouse at its S. end. 



SAP 



SAR 



Sapling Grovb, p. o., "ft'ashington co., Vitg.: 2(i4 m. 
W. S. W. Iticlimond. 

Sappisutun, p. o., St^oxiis CO., Mo. : S7 m. E. Jefferson 
City. 

{*A.RAii, p. a^ niaip en.. Penv. : 7S tn. "W. Hnrrisbiii^. A 
funince niovt-ii hy water^ower, of !,400 tons annual capa- 
city, is ioGiled Iti-Tlv 

Sabaiisvillk, p. o., Franlilin co.. III. : 127 m. S. S. E. 
Spriugfletii. 

Sai:aiisvilt,b. p. v.. and cap. Nnble co.. Ohio: 7(5 m. E. 
CoUimlius. ll rniitiiins Hu- n.unty (miMinijs. etc. 

Sap.asa<'. t. ami p. v.. Cliiilon co., K. Y.: 16 ni.W. Plalts- 
burir. un<i ISS miles N. AHmiiy. Drainerl I»y the river so 
calltd. which nms tiiroui:h H in a S. \V. 'lirection. nironiins; 
extensive wat<.-r^>'iW('r. :in'l the soil alnna; iis Ijatiks is rich 
ami MI.-1I cuiriviuc'd. The surface is hilly atul mountaiii<nis. 
ahoundins; in d<^osits of iron ore. and heavily timbered. 
Tiie V. cunlarns a ibr^e and {flass I'aclory, se\ eral mills, etc. 
Pop. of 1. 2.5S-.i. 

Saranao lakes^ Upper ami liower, Fr.mlilin co., X. Y.: 
lie in the S. E. part of the co., and are connected l)y Kuund 
lake, which to>r<-ihL-r form one body of warer. Tiieir oiillel 
from the lower lake is by Saranac r. The length of the 
upper lake is 10 m., that of the lower % m., and ihe width 
of each is from 2 to 3 m. Kound lake is about 4 ni. long, 
and mostly 3 m. wide. Each abounds with m.ut and other 
fish. 

Sakanao river, JT. 1'. ; rises in lower Saranac lake, flows 
m N. E. iiener&l course, and empties into Cumberland bay 
of Eake C'hampiain at Phiilsburg, where it desceniis 40 feet 
by a suc<-ession of lalls, airordmg very great walcr-power. 

Saratooa couniy, X }'. Siluale E. toward the N., and 
contains 7w sq. ni. Drained by Sacandatra and Moliawk 
rivers, tributaries of the Hudson, an-l Fish and Kayaderos- 
ser;is creeks. Surface various, in the JJ. W. bein^ mount- 
ainous, and in the S. E. and central parts hilly, with san<iy 
plains interspersed : soil a deep sandy loam, with clay inter- 
mixed, aa<l in many parts fertile. Chief jiroducts. wheat, 
Indian corn, and jwtatoes. It contains many minerals, and 
has good granite, limestone, an<J slate quarries. In this co. 
are the celebrated mineral s(>rines so much re.sorted to in 
the watering season. Farms 3,460; manuf. S49; dwell. 
7,S94, and pop. — wj^ 4o.000. (V. col. 5S(i — total 45.G4*',. Cop- 
itiil: Ballslon. PiiJAlc WorA'^: Saratoga and W;i*hington 
E. K. ; Schenectady and Saratoga U. 11.; Troy and llens- 
eelaerU. R, ; Albany Northern 1^ K. ; Saratoga and Sack- 
ett'sUarb.T i:. E. 

Sap.ato«a Spiungs, t, p. v.. and sta., Saratoga co., JV. }'; 
3G m. by railroa'l N. Albany. Drained by several small 
streams flowing into Kayademsserascr., which bounds it on 
the S. Surface on the N. hilly, elsewhere level ; soil santly 
loam. Il contains some manufactures, a number «*f mills, 
niechainc sliops, etc. Tliia is tlie most cch-brated watering- 
place in the United Stales. Locatefl closely together are a 
number of mineral springs with various propertiis, princi- 
pally medicinal. The v. on the K. is loc:itcd on a sandy 
plain, surruumled in part by pine groves. Its principal 
street is upon the W. margin of a n.arrow vale, in which 
the springs are founrl. On this broad street the princijKil 
hotels, cluft-ches.and other public ediliccs are located. The 
hotels, etc, are numermis, and some of them large, and 
fllted upon a graml scale; the UniU-d Slates is the most 
conspicuous, being located within a short distance of all the 
principal mineral springs; it is built of brick, four stories 
faigh, with ample accommodations for 400 persons. Con- 
gress Hall and Tnion Hall, both popular establishments, 
are on the S. of the v., near Congress Spring, the most copi- 
ous and most salubrious of all the springs in Saratoga, It 
was discovered in 1792 by a member of Cnngrcss named 
Gillman; the Pavilion, on the site of a spring so called, 
near Ihe Flat Ilnck, i^.surnumded by highly cultivated 
grounds, ami as is the ca-^e wiiii a nainb.r of other.-*, is only 
kept open during the aumnicr nionlhs for the accommoda- 



tion of visit^trs. A number of other hotels and boarding- 
houses are kept open throughout the year. ^ligh Eoq^and * 
niaclc Rock springs were first discovered in 1773, bi-ing 
then the resort of invalids ; and now there are 10 or 12 im- 
portant mineral fountains, most of them located neat the 
margin of a bcooU which runs through the v. on the E., 
in whose waters the mineral elemenis of .toda, magnesia, 
lime, and inm. with others of no less volume, ore combined, 
in different proportions, with carl-onie aciil gas. The pre- 
vailing charflcier is that of saline and chalybeate waters. 
Omgress, Washington, rulnatn's. ravilion. Iodine. Hamil- 
ton. l-:mp!rc. Flat liock, and High Eock springs are the 
most celebrated for their meiiicinal qualities. Loiaied east 
of Saratoga Springs is a cluster of mineral i*priugs known 
as "Ten S|irings." the most celebrated of which is called 
Union Spring Largequantitiesof these writers arearmiiaily 
e.\pi'rle<l to <iifferent purls of ibc couidry, bringinir in a 
haiuisome income, most of them being owned by ]>rivate 
individuals. The waters are highly efficacious in ninuy 
inveterate cases of disease, and has an effect on the heaUliy 
system to rcnov,ate and invigorate its energies when relaxed 
frmn long confinement, etc. Their medicinal properties are 
of the cathartic and tonic kinds. The following is an anal- 
ysis of several of the springs, taken from a work by Dr. 
R. L. Allen, a physician resident at Saratoga: Congress 
6'prtiig.s. — To one cubic gallon; chloride of sodium, grs. 
39U.'24G; hydriodate of soda and bromide of potassium, 
6.1111(1; carbtinate of soda. 0.213; carbonate of magnesia, 
lOt>.9Sl; carbonate of lime. 1U3.416; carbonate of iron, l.uuO; 
siiex and alumina, 1.036; solid contents, G11.S92; carbonic 
acid gas, 3S<>.1SS ; atmospheric air, 3,201. Gaseous contents, 
3'"9.440. Ihgh Rock Spring.— To one gallon: chloride of 
s.xlium. grs. 190.223; carbtmate of magnesia, 62.100; car- 
bonate uf lime, 71.533; carbonate of soda. 2.177; silex and 
alumina, 2.500; h>drobromate of potash, a sni;dl quantity. 
Solid content-s, 351.197. Carbonic aciil gas, 831.600; aln.os- 
pheric air. 2,000. Gaseous e<intenls. 33:3. (JtiO. Uomilton 
.s'/;/7//;/.— To one gallon: chloifrle of sodium, grs. 2'J(».500; 
carbonate of soda, 83,500; carlionate of lime, 95,321; car- 
bonate of magne.Hia, 3S.O0(t; carbonate of iron. 4.500; hydri- 
odate of sod.a, 3.500; bromide of potash, a trace; silex and 
alumina, 1.000. Solid conteids. 460.821. Carbonic aci<l ^tss,., 
340.777; atmospiieric air, 2,401. Gaseous ctmtents. 343.2.3S. 
Temperature of the water, 4so. Ptitiiii7»''s Spring.~To 
one gallon: chlitride of sodium, grs. 22O.iiO0; carbonate of 
soda, 15-521; carbonate of magnesia, 45.5^0; carbonate of 
lime, 7".4-33; carbonate of iron, G.S3.3 : hydriodate of soda, 
2.5(ii'; broinid<: of i>ota.sh, a trace; silex and :dnmiiia, 1 500. 
Solid contents, 370.5s7. Carbonic acid g;is. 317.753 ; atmos- 
pheric ;iir, 3.0S(t. Gaseous contents, 320.833. Ternpi-rature 
4S^. Iodine Spring. — To one gallon: chloride of sodium, 
grs. 147.0i»5: carbonate of m:ignesia. "3.:^4S; carlionate of 
lime, 2S^P55: carbonate of soda, 3.000; carbonate of iron, 
9'i0; hydriodate of soda, 3.566. Solid contents, 257.434, 
Carbonic acid gas. 844.000 ; atmosplieric air, 2.500. Gaseous 
contents, 3.465. "The freedom of this water from iron is 
such thai it can be drank by a certain cUiss of itn alids, with 
whom iron proves a decided injury.'" PomHon Spring. — 
To one gallon: chloride of sodium, grs. 1S3.8I4; carb..nate 
of soda, O.iiOO ; carbonate of lime, 59.593 ; carbonate or mag* 
nesi.i. 5S.206; c-arbonate of iron. 4.13::3 ; iodide, sodium, and 
bromide of poiassa. 2.566; sulphate of soda. 1 000; alumina, 
a trace; silex, 1,00(1. Solid contents, 316.378. Carbonic 
acid. 369.166; atmospheric air, S.333. Gaseous cont*'nts, 
;i72.499. EmjiireSpring.—To one gallon: cldoride of so- 
dium, grs. 215.756; bi-carl>ouato of lime, 24.67S; bi-carbon- 
ate of magnesia, 113.459; bi-carbonatc of soda, 33,584; 
hydri.Hlate of jiotassa, 9.600; iron, 0.500; silex and alumina, 
1.800. Solid contents, 399.S77. Carbonic acid gas, 260.132; 
atmospheric air. 3.314. Gaseous contents, 268.466. 

Tlie Troy, Whitehall, and Ciistlcton U. K., Saratoga and 
Schenectady U. U.. and the SaraUiga and Washington R. R., 
all connect in this village Distance from New Yr.rk city 

771 



BAR 



SAV 



by R. ly 18^ m., fVom Troy 22 m., from Schenectady 22 m., 
fud flfcim KullarfH, Verm., 39 n^Ues. The village was incor- 
porates in is-je, and contains an insurance office, a bank, 
an academy and female seminary, and other institutions 
of instruction, iron foundries, machine shops, an exten- 
eive carriage manufactory, printing-offices, etc. The ''Sar- 
atoga Whig" is a daily and weekly (whig) issue, and 
'th« " Saratoga Kepublican"' weekly (dem.) Pop. of t 
4,650. 

Sarcoxie, p. v., Jasper co., Mo. : on the &. side of Centre 
cr., 145 ra. S. W. Jefferson City. 

Sahdixia, t and p. v., Erie eo., JT. T. : 252 m. W. Albany. 
Drained by Cattaraugus cr., which bounds it on the S., and 
several small streams flowing into it. Surface uneven, in 
parla hilly; 'soil fertile. The v., on a small stream in S. 
part, contains flouring and saw miUs, a Woolen factory, and 
furnace. Pop. of L 1.761. 

Sa^inia, p. o., Decatur couDty, I)id. : 43 m. S. E. 
Indianapolis. 

S.4RDINIA, p. v., Brown CO., Ohio: on S.'wde of White 
Oak cr., 74 m^S. S. W. Columbus. Pop. 198. 

8AEDI8. p. o.. Mason co., Etj. : 72 m. N. E. Frankfort 

Sardis, p. o., Monroe county, Ohio: 99 miles E. i S. 
Columbus. 

Sarecta, p. v., Duplin co., 2^\ Car.: on the E. side of 
N. E. cr. of Fear r., 72 ra. S. E. Ealeigh. 

Sarf.pta, p. T., Lafayette co., 3fiss.: on a branch of Yal- 
labusha r., loS m. N. N. E. Jackson. 

Saeietfa, p. o., Marion county, Virff. : 1S9 m. N. "W. 
Eichmond. 

Saevees VILLI!, p. o., Butlcf CO., Fenn^ : 161 m. "W. N. "W. 
Harriaburg. 

Sassafras river, Md. : rises in Delaware, and flows W., 
between Cecil and Kent counties, into Chesapeake bay, of 
which its principal portion is properly a broad inlet 

Sassafras Hill, p. v., Washington co., III. : on the W. 
side of Little Crooked cr., 93 m. S. by E. gpringfleld. 

Satartia, p. v., Yazoo c^, Miss. : on a sma:il stream 
flpwing into the Yazoo r., 33 m. N. "W. Jackson, Pop. 
about ISO. 

Satjcelito, v., Marin co., Calif. : on the bay of San Fran- 
cises', near the entrance to the harbor, 27 m. (direct) S. W. 
Vallejo. This place was laid out by a company of enterpris- 
ing men, on the ranches uf W. Richardson, Esq. It has 
one of the best anchorages to be foun<i in the whole bay, and 
•was formerly a favorite resort of whale ships, which visited 
the port for fuel, water, and supplies. The site of the town 
is small, but it is securely protected from the disagreeable 
winds which blow from the se.a, by high hills behind it. It 
is surrounded by a fine agricultural country. 

Saucon Valley, p. o., Lehigh co., Penn. : S3 m. E. by X. 
Harrisburg. 

SAUOATrcK, p. o., Allegan co., MieJi. : on the Michigan 
City and Grand Haven post route, 87 m. W. Lansing. 

Saugerties, t. and p. o.. Ulster co., iV". Y. : on the right 
bank of the Hudson r., 43 ra. S. by \V. Albany. Drained by 
Plattsville and Esnpus creeks, tributaries of the Hudson r. 
Surface on the W. mountainous, being covered by the Cats- 
kill Mountains, and on the E. moderately uneven ; soil of 
average fertility. It derives immense water-power, princi- 
pally from the falls on Esopus cr.. and is much improved by 
several manufactories, bloomeries, mills, etc. The p. o. Is 
located in the v. of Ulster, near the falls, at which point a 
bridge with one arch of 2,600 feet span crosses the river. 
Steamboats and sloops ply between this place and New 
York. It contains a bank and other places of business, and 
is one of the most flourishing manufacturing places in the 
State. Tlie "Ulster Telegraph"' is a weekly (dem.) issue. 
Pop. oft. S,04S. 

Baugus, t and p. v., Essex co., Miifm. : 7 m. N. Boston. 

Taken flrora Lynn, and incorporated under its presr-nt 

name in 1S15. Drained by Saugus r., which passes through 

it, and enters Lynn bay on the S. Surface near the r. and 

7T2 



bay is level, but the uplands are rough and rocky. .A great 
pan of the t. toward the sea is covered by salt meaoowa; in 
other parts the soil is rich and wellxultivaled. It contains 
some manufactories, a luraber-yar'Cetc. The v. is on the 
Saugus Branch E. E. Pop. of U 1^52. ' 

Sauk county, Wise. Situate toward the S. W., and con- 
tains 9S5 sq. m. Baraboo r. flows throuafc it from "SV. to E., 
by which and its branches, and by small streams of Wis- 
consin r., it is drained. Surface hilly; soil fertile; on the 
Wisconsin are some fine tracts of land, wliich are very pro- 
ductive. It is well timbered. Farms 245, raanuf. 7, dwell, 
844, and pop.— wh. 4,370, fr. col. 1— total 4,371. Capital : 
Adams. 

Saxtk Eapids. p. v., and cap. Benton eo., Miyin Ter. : at 
the second rapids, on the left bank of the Mississippi r., 07 
ra. N. W. St. Paul. It contains a court-house, etc. 

Saitk Tillage, p. o., La Porte co., huh : 125 m. N. N. W. 
Indianapolis. 

Saitkville, t. and p. v., Washington co., Wise. : 75 ra. 
E. N. E. Madison. Drained by-Milwaukie r. The v. is on 
the W. side of the r. Pup. of v. 840, and of t. 1,796. 

Sault de Ste Marie, t, p. v., and cap. Chippewa co, 
Mich.: bordering on SL Mary's r. or strait. 255 m. N. 
Lansing. The v. has an elevated location on the border of 
the r..at the Falls of Ste Marie, and is an old Jesuit raission- 
ar)' station. It is a famous flshing-place, immense quantities 
of while fish being caught and salted there fir the markets 
of the West. The falls are merely rapids, with a fall of only 
20 feet in a mile. It contains a court-house, jail, and other 
public buildings. At Fort Brady is a U. S. military post, and a 
storehouse of the American Fur Company, and there is also 
a U. S. land ofilce located here. Vessels come to the Piot 
of the rapiii.9, and the cargoes are transported three-fourths 
of a mile by land to the head of the rapids, and re-shipped. 
The inhabitants are composed of Americans, French, and 
Indinns. They emplny themselves chiL-fly in trading for 
furs, and in the fisheries. In 1S50 Sault de Ste Marie had 
180 dwellings. 890 inhabitants, 15 of whom were colored; 
and the value of real estate owned. $101,030. The imports 
fur same year amounted to $151,134, and the exports 
$340,800. The '' Lake Superior Journal ' is a weekly (min- 
ing) issue. A canal is in course of construction .iround the 
Falls, to be 100 feet wide and 12 deep, witl^ik>cks-250 feet long 
and 60 feet wide, the whole length to be one mile, so that 
the navigation of the lower lakes may pass readily these falls 
into Lake Superior. 

SAirst>Ei'j3viLLE, p. V., Vandefburgh co., Intl.: on the 
Evansville and Illinois R. E., 133 m. S. S. W. Indianapolis. 
It is a small but neat village, and has a fine agricultural 
country surrounding it 

SArNDEESTiLLE, p. o., WorcestcF CO., Ma^s. : 145 ra. W. 
Boston. 

Sauqitott, p. v., Oneida co., iV! K ; on both sides of Saa- 
quoit cr., 81 m. W. N. W. Albany. The water-power is 
good, and is much improved by manufacturies. mills, etc. 
In the vicinity is an inflammable sulphur spring, the waters 
possessing valuable medicinal qualities, and the gas which 
escapes is used fur lighting the public house, which is located 
near by. . 

Sadta, p. v., Jackson co., Ala. : on a small cr. of the 
Tennessee r., 157 ra. N. Montgomery. 

Savaqk, p. v., Howard county, Md. : on the Little Fa- 
tuxcnt r., nnd on the Washin^rton Branch R. U., 20 m. 
N. W. Annapolis. There are extensive iron works in tlie 
vicinity. 

Savage river, Alleghany co., Md, : a large stream drain- 
ing the valley between Hoop Pole Mountain and Great 
Savage Mountain, from both of which it derives iis waters, 
and falling into the N. branch of the Potomac r., about 2 ra. 
W. of Lonaconing cr. Monro Eun, Middle fork, and Crab- 
tree cr. are its principal aflluenls. The Baltimore and Ohio 
E. R. takes the course of this stream to the junctkm of Crab- 
treo creek. 



SAV 



SAV 



Sat^e Grant, p. o., Wajne co., Tlrff.: 275 ra. W. by N. 
Eichmond. 

Savannah, p*. v., afed cap. Carroll co., Iff. : on thf bank 
of the Missi-fsippi r., '27 m. below Galona, 15S ni. N. by W. 
Springfield. It ooiitiiins a court-house, jail, etc.. and it is 
the termhius of ih'^ f^avannah and Frankfurt U. E. 

Savannah, p.1fc, and cap. Andrew co.. Mo. : 3 ra. N. of 
the Mis-ionri r.. and HiS m. N. W. Jetferson City. It con- 
tains a courl-iionse, jail. etc. 

Savannah, p. city, port of entry, and cap. Chatham co., 
Ga.: itn die S. side of the r. of the same name. IS m. from 
the ocean, and in a direct line 15T m.,or by railroad 1S7 m. 
E. S. E. Milk-dge ville. Lat. 3-20 04' o6" N., and long. 8P US' 
IS" W. Its site is on a dt^'sand blutf, elevated some -f) feet 
above tow-water mark, from M. to W., extending: along Ilie 
river upward of a mile, terminating abruptly al either e.v- 
tremity. Opposite the city, lies Hutchinson's Island. 

The ordinary eb-valion of ihe tide in the Savannah r. is 
about S feet, and the salt water approaches usually wiibin 4 
or 5 m. of Ihe city. In its course to the ocean Ihe river is 
diWded inlo numerous channels by small marsh islands. 
The bar :it ils ninuih is the deepest and most accessible of 
any on the Southi-rn Atlantic coast, and its channel is from 
a half to three-fourths of a mile wide. The average deptli 
is 19 feet al low water, and hence with a full tide a frigate 
may pass in saffiy. Just inside of the bar is Tybce Inland, 
abreast of which, about 4 m. from the bar, is good anchor- 
age in 5 or 6 fathoms of water. From this anchorage to 
Venus' Point, 9 m. from the city, there is a deplh of IS feet; 
from the "■ Point" lo "Five Fathom," 2\ m. from the city, 
there is a depth of 17 feet, and thence to the city, a depth of 
15 feet. The Savannah innavigable for steamboats of mod- 
erate draft to Augusta, 230 m. above its mouth. The port 
of Savannah has several light-houses, which are noted in 
the List of Light-housks. 

Savannah, as a city, is one of the healthiest and most 
beautiful on ihe Southern coast. It is laid out ^^^Ih regular- 
ity, Ihe streets crossing each other at right angles, and 
having between every second street a public square ; these, 
about IS or 20 in number, are generally inclosed and orna- 
mented with shade trees, and many of the streets are orna- 
menled in the same manner, which gives them a beautiful 
and rural appearance. The present dimensions of ihe city 
are about a mile by three-quarters of a mile. The number 
of dwellings in the city is about 2.000, chiefly of wood, but 
the warehouses and stores, in number about 400, are almost 
without exc'-ption brick buildings. This preponderance of 
wooden structures had exposed the cily to several serious 
conflagrations: the year 1S20 is memorable for the destruc- 
tion by Are of 463 buildings, which with their contents were 
valued at $400,000; but since this event brick has more 
generally been used as a building material. The ware- 
houses are ranged along the river front, 3 or 4 stories high 
toward the river, accessible to the lower story from the 
wharves, and to the upper stories from the city. 

Among the public buildings, the most conspicuous are 
the Cnurl-house, Jail, Custom-house, Exchange, Arsenal, 
United Stales Barracks, Cily Hall, a marketrhouse, several 
hospitals and asylums, a theatre, etc. The Exchange is a 
heavy Gothic structure, 5 stories high. The new Custom- 
house is in length 110 feet, deplh 52 feet, and in height, from 
the pavement to the ridge of the roof, 52 feet. The base- 
ment story is devoied to the postrofHce and the iipprai&er's 
department; the first or principal floor for custom-house 
purposes, and the third or upper floor for United Slates 
court-rooms. There are four banking institutions in Savan- 
nah— the Hank of the State of Georgia, capita! $750,000; 
the Planters' Bank, capital $5.35.4'i0; the Marine and lu- 
suranee Bank, capital $40u.0ii0, with privilege to incre.ise it 
to $800.1100; the Central Kailroad and Banking Company, 
capital $2,549,165. (if which $205,000 is devoted to l)anking 
purposes. The toUil banking capital of these institutions, 
appropriated to the trade and commerce of Savaunab, is 



$1,890,400. There is also the Savannah Institution for 
Savings. Fourteen foreign insurance companies have 
agencies in Savannah. 

The churches of Savannah, numbering in all 14 or 15, are 
many of ihcm handsome structures. The Independent 
Prcsl.yicrian^hurch is one of the most splendid buildings 
of the city; it is built of light-colnred granite, and cost 
$10<',000. The Episcopalians have 2 churches, the Koman 
Catholics 2, of which that of SLJohn the Baptist is llie 
metrnpnlitan church of the diocese ; and the Meibodists, 
Lulbcrans, Unitarians, and other principal denominations 
have severally places of worship. There is also a Mariner's 
Church and a JeWs' Synagogue. 

Savannah, in all that appcriainsto Ihe education of youth, 
is not behind her sister cities. It is true, i)ub1ic education 
has not received that attention it lias in many other places, 
still she has always had a respectable number of private 
seminaries, and has sent to institutions in other parts of the 
Slate and country hundreds of her youth of boih sexes. 
Much, however, can be done for public education; but 
Savannah is no location for large institutions of a scholastic 
nature, which are well supplied by more eligible inland 
towns. 

The ncwsp.aper press of Savannah consists of three dai- 
lies and one weekly. The dailies are the "Georgian" 
(dem.). the "Kepublican'' (whig), and the "Daily News'" 
(indepl.); and the weekly is the " Friend of the Family" 
(literary). The circulation of these varies from 800 lo 1,200 
copies at each issue. 

According to a census of the cily, taken in 1852. the total 
population amounted to 18,301 souls, distinguished into 
castes and sexes in the following proportions : 

Castes. Mnlesi. Fsmnle^. Tola!. 

White persons 6,551 5,053 12,204 

Colored persons, free. 24S 376 624 

slave 2,205 3,263 5,473 



Total .'J,(KI4 



9,297 



1S,301 



The number of inhabitants, according to the federal 
census of 1850, was 16.060, and an enumeration, made in 
1^48. showed Ihe population to be then only 13,575. In- 
crease from ]S4rS lo 1850, 2.485, or 18.3 per cent, ; and in- 
crease from 1S50 to 1852, 2.241. orl8.9 per cent.; and increase 
in Ihe four years ending 1S52, 4,726. or 84.S per cent. The 
decennial progress of the city from ISIO, has been as follows : 



Years. 
ISIO 


Total Population. 
5,195 

7,52.3 

7,77<; 

11 214 


Absolute. 


Relative. 


1S20... 
ISSO. . . 

isto... 

1S50... 


....2,32.S.... 

.... 2.'>3.... 

3.4;3S 


44.8 

S.4 

4-12 


16,060 


....4,S4G..,. 


43.2 



The city is divided into 26 wards, and is governed by a 
mayor and 12 aldermen, annually chosen by Ihe people, 
who, together, are st)led the Cily Council. The police con- 
sists, besides the above, of a marshal, 5 constables, and the 
city walch, consisting of 64 members, with a captain and 
oiher officers. A Board of Heallh, consisting of two persons 
from each ward and district, is appointed hy the mayor, on 
the 1st of Way of each year. All subordinate officers are 
chosen by the Cily Council. 

The occupations of the citizens comprise almt>st every 
callingfound in largecities. The enumeration of 184S clas- 
sifies the male a<lult while population thus— 263 merchants, 
factors, an<i wholesale dealers, 136 shopkeepers and retail 
grocers. 253 clerks, 15 druggists, 23 pilots, 24 bank offlccrs, 
28 captains of steamers and vessels, J captain revenue ser- 
vice. 24 butchers, 22 bakers, 22 connected with railroads, 5S 
seamen,, S connected with hotels, 4 auctioneers. 5 hinit>er 
meiu*urers, 6 clothing stores, 13 connected with steam and 
cotton presses, 2 lottery offices, 3 sailors' board in g-housQ 

773 



SAV 



SAV 



keepers, and 1 of the siiilors' home, aud 164 laborers, 50 
plaulers, ll master builders, 1 marble and stone raanufao- 
turer, 3S0 niecliani(», 15 ministers of the gospel, 4 judges 
of courts, 86 physicians, 31 attor*e) s-al-law, 6 U. S. army 
and naval officers, 24 U. S. civil officers, 1 civil en;j:ineer, 30 
engitieers, 15 teachers, 5 teachers of music, S magistrates, 
7 county officers, 27 boot and shoe mat;ers, 14 printers, 3 
booksellers, 8 watchmakers and jewellers, 18 painters, 6 
manufacturers of lin-\vure, 3 etlitors, 4 dentists, 2 artists, 4 
brickmakcrs, 3 dyers, 7 cigar-makers, 4 public stables, 6 bar- 
bers, 1 soap and candle manufacturer, 1 engraver, 9 bar- 
rooms, 4 watchmen at banks, 5 saddle and harness makers, 
6 millers, G lumber and wood yards, 9 steamboat yards, 4 
V. S. soldiers, 9 constables, 12 city officers, 2 ice-houses, 1 
keeper of hospital, a jailor, and a deputy, 70 connected with 
the city watch. 

Of the colored population, 34 free, and 73 slaves, were 
mechanics, 3 free and 5 slaves butchers, 5 free and 1 slave 
barbers, 2 free and 4 slaves engineers and pilots, and 3 free 
preachers. 

From the aboje returns, it will be seen that Savannah is 
well represented in all the great departments of industry — 
at least two-thirds of the population are immediately or re- 
m('tely coimected with the commerce and trade, and tlie 
greater part of the remaining Uiird with her manufactures 
and mechanic arts. Tlie learned professions are also amply 
represented. Only 164 persons among the whites are noted 
as laborers, while among the colored 129 only are other than 
laborers and servants. 

Savannah is one of the great commercial cities of the 
South, and as a market for cotton, rice, and lumber, ranks 
among the first Its exports of cotton for the years 1S51 and 
'52, ending 1st September of each year, were as follows : 
1&SI-52. isfifl-.l. 



Sea Islnnd. Uplantl, Sea Island. UplMiid. 

Liverpool 6,0.52 . . 96,364 . . 7,410 . . 122,22S 

Other British ports 501.. 6,461.. 397.. 7,103 



Total Great Britain . 6,558 . . 102.S2o . . 7,807 . . 120,.336 

Havre 1,052.. 11,541.. 690.. 10,546 

Other French ports ... — . . — . . — . . 590 



Total France 1,052.. ll.,541 . . 690.. 11.186 

Other foreign ports.... — .. 2,483.. — .. 4.6VS 

Total foreign ports. . 7,605 . . 116,849 . . 8,497 . . 145,1.50 

Boston 108.. 80.291.. 205.. 22,632 

Providence — .. 3,074.. — .. 1,638 

New York 2,427 . . 145.877 . . 2,599 . . 118,S2S 

Philadelphia — .. 17.951.. — .. 10,835 

Baltimore & Norfolk.. — .. 4,527.. — .. S.366 

Charleston 1,121 . . 17,638 . . 341 . . 3,30S 

Other U. S. ports — .. 5,600.. — .. 40 

Total co.Tstwise 8,656 . . 224,958 . . 8,145 . . 160.642 

Total foreign ports. . 7,605 . . 116,849 . . 8,497 . . 145,150 



Grand total... 11,261 341,807 11,642 805,792 

The following exhibits the number of bags exported in 
the past years, commencing 1S42 : 

Yeara. Foreign Piirts. Coastwige. Total, 

1842 142,886 ' 79,863 222.254 

1848 193.099 87,727 280.826 

1844 180,964 113.611 244.575 

1845 182.073 122.471 304.544 

1S46 77,852 lilS.454 186,306 

1847 119,321 114,830 234.151 

1848 127,760 ....... 115,473 243,238 

1849 — — _ 

1860 — — _ 

1861 158,647 16S.7S7 817.434 

1852 124,454 228,614 863,063 

774 



The export of rice in tierces for the List twelve jears, has 
been as follows ; 



Years, * Tierees, 

1S40-47 31,789 

1847-43 80,136 

1841-49 87,.34S 

1849-50 ., 42.792 

1850-51 35,602 

1861-52 ..'. 39,929 



Years. 


Fe«t. 


1846-47.... 


.... 10,7.31,383 


1847-48.... 


.... 16.419.,i5S 


1S4S-19 .... 


.... 15,.3S0,800 


1&19-50.... 


....17,719,100 



1S50-51 1T,7&1,300 

lti51~52 25,503,500 



Yeara. Tierces, 

1840-41 23,5S7 

1841^2 22,005 

1S4'2-13 26,263 

1&43-44 2S,543 

1S44-15 29,217 

1S45-46 32,147 

The lumber business has rapidly increased within the 
few last years, ami it will be seen from the annexed table 
that ihe expnrte for the last-named year have exceeded 
those nf any previous one by aeveral millions of feet. There 
are six large steam saw-milla ia the immediate vichiity of 
the city : 

I'eara. Feet. 

1S40-41 14,275.200 

1S41-42 3,390.400 

1S42-13 7,519,550 

1S43^I4 6.933,351 

1S44-45 S,270,5S2 

. 1845-46 1S,5S5,&W 

The foreign commerce of the collection district of which 
Savannah is the port of entry, for the year endins; .Tunc 
30lh, 1S50, is thus summed up in the U. S. Treasury Keport. 
Value of exports $7,551,943, and of imports $636,964. En 
trances, IIS vessels, 57,017 tons and 1,940 men in crews; 
and clearances, 141 vessels, 72,563 tons and 2,2S5 men in 
crews. Tonnajje of the district 19,931 tons, of whieli 10,437 
tons were employed in foreig^n trade and 9,296 tons in coast- 
ing. The steam tonnage was 6.4T3 tons. The steam ma- 
rine in 1S52, according to the returns of the IT. S. inspector, 
amountt-d to 27 vessels, 5.750 tons, of which 12 were high- 
pressure vessels and 15 low pressure, which report indicates 
a decrease in the steara marine. The number of vessels 
built in 1S51J were 5 (3 iK'ing steamboats), measuring to- 
gether 6S4 tons. As the foreign commerce of Georgia all 
centres at Savannah, the progress of the commerce of 
Georcria, as exhibited in the description of the State, will 
also be that of Savannah. 

The commerce of the city has thus become of great mag 
nitude, and its g^o^vth of late years has been more rapid 
than previously. The developments that are now making 
of the resources of the State, together with the increased 
facilities for transporting the products of the interior to this 
one seaport must insure a more rapid increase of business 
for the future than has occurred during any period of the 
past. 

The port has regular communication with Florida on the 
S. and New York on the N.. and other points by steam 
navigation. To the interior, the Savannah r.. on which nu- 
merous steamboats are constantly plying, and the great line 
ot railroad reaching into Tennessee and Alabama, give it 
facile access, and bring down to it for exportation an im- 
mense tonnage. Another railrojid is being built to Albany, 
on the Flint r. ; and the Savannah and Ogeechce Canal has 
been thoroughly repaired. These will give it greater facil- 
ities than it has ever enjoyed, and open to its commerco the 
products of wide regions hitherto beyond its reach. 

[Ttstorical Noticfs of SavannaJi. — ^The first settlement of 
Savannah was made in the month of February. 1733, by 
General Oglethorpe and some 30 families. On the 7th of 
July fitllowing, the settlers assembled on the strand (the 
bay) for the purpose of designating the lots. In a devo- 
tional service ihey united in thanksgiving to God '-that the 
lines had fallen to them in a pleasant place, and that they 
were about to have a good heritage." The wards and 
tithings were then named, each ward consisting of four 
tilhings, and each tithing of ten houses, and a house and lot 
was given to each freehMlder. Altera dinner provided by 
the governor, the grant of a Court of Record was read, and 
the officers were appointed. The session of the magistrates 
was then held, a jury impanneled, and a case tried. This 



SAV 



SAW 



jury was the first impanneled 5n Georgia. The town w;is 
governeJ by three bailiffs, and had a recorder, resrisler. and 
a town courtv^ holdfH every six weeks, where all ni;ittcrs, 
civil and criminal, were decided by grand aiul pt-tit juries 
as in Kngland. No hiwyers were allowed to plead lor hire, 
nor altorncys to take money, but (as in old times in En- 
gland) every man could plead his own cause. In Octobr-r, 
1741, the government of the colony was eliangod from bail- 
iffs to trustees. In 1750. the number of whitt- p(?rsoris in 
Georgia was computed at about 1,500. The first royal gov- 
ernor of Oeotgia. John Reynolds, Esq., arrived iti Savan- 
nah in Oct.. 1754-. The first printing-press was established 
in 17G3, and the '• Georgia Gazette" printed on thi^ 7ih April 
oflhatytar. In 17G6. the city consisted t)f40ii dwelling houses, 
a clinrch, an independent meeting-house, a conncil-Iiou^e. a 
court-house, and a filature. In 1770. the city extended <m the 
west to what is now Jefferson Street, on the east to what is 
now Lincoln Street, and on the south to what is now South 
Broad Street, and contained six squares and twelve streets. 
besides the bay. On the 5th June, 1775. the first liberly- 
pole was erected in Savannah. The first attack by Ili<' 
British on Savannah was made on the Sd March, 1776. It 
ended in the discomfiture of the regulars, undir Maj'irs 
Maitland and Grant. On the 20th December. 177S. Savan- 
nah was taken by the British. In Oclober, 1770, an unsuc- 
cessful attempt was made by Ihe French and .American 
armies to recapture Savannah from the British. Count 
P'Kstalng and General Lincoln were the eommanders. Six 
hundred and thirty-seven of the French, and two hundreil 
and t^>rIy-one <if the continentals and militia were kille<l anri 
wounded. In this attack Pulaski fell. The spnt where he 
was shot down is about one hundred rods fmm the j>re.*cnl 
dep6t of the Central It. R. On the 1 1 (b July. 1 7S3. Savannah 
was formally given up by the British to the Americans. 
The first session of the Legislature of the State was held in 
Savannah in Januar\', 17S4, in llie brick house now stand- 
ing in South Broad Street In December, 17S0, a law was 
passed by the legislature making Savannah a city. The 
first mayor (elected in 1790) was John Iloustouu. In Nov.. 
1796. the first destructive fire occurred in Savannah. It 
broke out in a bake-house in Market Square, and destroyed 
229 houses, besides out-houses, etc. Estimated loss of i)n>p- 
crty, $1,000, 00. In May, 1314, arrived in the waters of 
Savannah the United StJites sloop-of-war Peacock, Lewis 
■Warrington commander, bringing in as a prize 11. B. M. 
brig-of-war Epervier, Captain Wales, of IS guns. The 
Epervier had on board $110,000 in specie, which w.is con- 
demned and distributed according to law. In April. 1S19, 
arrived the steamship Savannah, from New York. Tliis 
steamer was projected and owned in Savannah, and was 
the first steamship built in the United States, and the first 
that ever crossed the Atlantic. She left Savainiah in May 
for Liverpool, and afterward proceeded to St. Petersburg. 
In January, 1S20, occurred the largest fire which ever 
ravaged the city. It commenced on the east side of Old 
Franklin Ward. Four hundred and sixty-three buildings 
■were destroyed, besides out-buildings. Loss upward of 
$4,000,000. 

Savannau, t. and p. o., Wayne county, iV. Y.: 160 m. 
W. N. W. Albany. Crusoe lake is located centrally, by Ihc 
outlet of which the t. is drained. Surface level; on the E. 
swampy, coven-d by Montezuma Marsh, and on Ihe W, fer- 
tile. The R. -Chester and Syracuse (direct) K. R. passes , 
through this t. Pop. 1.700. 

Savannah, p. v., an<l cap. Ashland eo., Ohio: near a 
branch of the Walhonding r.. 70 m. N. N. E. Columbus. It 
conlains the cnunly court-house and other pubhc buildings, 
mechanic shops, etc. 

Savannah, p. v.. and cap. Hardin county, 7V»?j, .- on Ihe 

right bank of the Tennessee r., 103 m. S. W. Nashville, and 

contains the court-house, jail, and other public buildings. 

Pop. 502. 

Savannait, p. v., Red Eiver county, Tex. : on Wliito 



Oak creek of North fork of the Red river, 2S7 m. N. E. 
Austin City. 

Savannah river. Ga. ; has its sources in the north-eaat- 
ern part <if the Slate of Qflorgia, and the ncrtli-westem 
counties of South Carolina, near the snuthern boundary of 
Norlh Carolina, and in about lai. 35°, ami in lone. 6° to 
6° 30' west of Washington City. The ri\ er is formed by the 
junction of the Tusalo and Keowee rivers, bavitig their 
sources in a mountainous region of primitive formalion. and 
ils general course is southward, inclining from 3rP to 38^ to 
the east, but the channel is a very winding one. and at some 
points the river flows in a direction N. of E., or N. of W. 
The length of its channel from source to moulh is not less 
than 450 m., whereas the direct distance isonly aliout 2.")0 m. 
The Savannah and its tributaries drain an extent of 
country equal to about 8,200 sq. m.. and all the branches 
which flow in above Augusta have their rise in the mount- 
ains or hilly sections of country, and have considerable ve- 
locity of current with rapirls and falls at different [mints ; in 
some degree, such is also the character of the main river to 
ils source. Passing to the S. of Augusta, the features of the 
bordering country change, becoming ccmiparalivcly level 
and flat, and the currents in the river, as a consequence, are 
less rapid. In this lower portion of the river, the chauuel 
is more crooked ; ihe dislance from Augusta to Savannah, 
by water, being about 230 m., whereas the direct distance is 
about 115 m. 

The current in the upper part of the Savaimali r. and its 
tributaries, being more rapid than they ar^* when the river 
approaclies llie ocean, considerable quanlilies of earth are 
washed from the bottoms and banks as it passes through 
the hilly country, and carried in suspension to the more 
shi^gisli portions, forming bars and shoals. Some of the 
obstructions, even so far down as the city of Savannah, are 
pMbalily formed in tliis way, and these bars are generally 
composed of a silicittus gravel an<i sand, with a small pro- 
portion of alumina and lighter earths. 

Ttie products of the country bordering on tlie river above 
Augusta, are principally corn, wheat, rye, potatoes, cotton, 
timber, hogs, sheep, oxen, mules, and horses ; the main pro- 
ductions of tlie middle and S. sections are corn, potatoes, 
cotton, rice, and limber. 

The river above the city of Savann.nh is subject to the 
freshets, which often overflow its banks, doing much injury 
to the bordering plantations of corn, cotton, and rice. The 
losses, from overflow, however, are confined to localities 
above the city, Ihe plantations below being but little ex- 
posed to injury from like causes. 

The Savannah r., near Ihe mouth, becomes a tidal stream, 

and tlie flood-tides, in ordinary stages of the river, ascend to 

a point about -^y m. from the ocean, or 2S m. above the city 

of Savannah. 

SAVEttN. p. o., Owen eo., Ky. : 47 m. N. Frankfort. 

Savin Hill, sla., Norfolk co., Mass.: on the Old Colony 

Railroad, 3 m. S. Boston. 
Savona, p. o. and sta.. Steuben co., y. Y. : on the Bufliilo, 

Corning, and New York R. R., 13 m. N.W. Corning. 315 m. 

N. W. (by railroad) New York City, and 1S5 miles (direct) 

W. by S. Alliany. 
Savov, t. and i>. v., Berkshire co., 3fn.9-9. ; 103 m. W. by N". 

Boston. Draine<l by branches of Iloosick, Deerfield. and 

Westfleld rivers. Surface mountainous and uneven ; soil 

better adapted to grazing than tillage, Inr-orporated iu 

1797. Tin- v. is at the conflnenne of two streams, which 

eotisiitule the head waters of Wcstfleld r. Pop. of t. 955. 
Saw M'll. p. v„ Dale co., Ata. : between the E. and W. 

brandies of Choctawhatchee r., 84 m. S. E. Montgomery. 
Saw Mux river. Westchester co.. K Y.: rises in New- 

easlle t.. flows S. by W., and enters the Hudson r. at Ihe v. 

of Youkers. Several mills and factories are located on its 

batiks. 
Pawtkr's Mn,LS, p. v., Lexington disl., S. Car.: on a 

head branch of North Edisltf r., 39 m. S. W. Columbia. 

775 



SAW 



8CH 



Sawyersville, p. o., Kandolph co., N". Ccr. : 67 m. W. 
Ealeigh. 

Saxbvburo, p. v., Butler co., I'enn.: 155 ra. "W. N. "W. 
Harrisburg. 

Saxs'b Mru^, p. v., Franklin co., Yenn.t on the E. of 
Missif^squ' li bay, 57 m. N. W. Montpdiei. 

Saxonville, p. v., Middleaex c<i., ^f^l•sii. : on the left bank 
of the Sudbury r., IS m. W. Boston. It is (he terminus of 
the Saxonviile branch of the Bustuii and Worcester K. 11., 
5 m. N. of junction atNatick. 

Saxton's lirvEK, p. v., Windham oo., Y^rm. : on lefl bank 
of Saxton'3 branch of Connecticut r., S m. S. Montpelier. 

Saxton's river, Venn.: fnrnied by the union of several 
streams in Grafton, and running in an E. direction about 
10 m., thn.ugh the S. part of llnckingham, falls into Con- 
necticut r. about 1 ra. below Bellows Kails. 

Saybkook, t, p. v., and sla., Middlesex co., Conn.: on 
W. side of Connecticut r., at its mouth, SC m. S. S. E. Hart- 
ford, and by New Haven and New London B. E., 31 ra. E. 
New Haven. Surface uneven and stony ; soil moderately 
fertile. Drained by the C(»nneclicut and several creeks. 
Its intt'rej^ts in navigation are much affected by the bar at 
the mouth of the r., from which its harbor sets up. At this 
place the river is not frozen in winter. A ferry crosses it to 
Lyme. Considerable ship-building is carried on, and sev- 
eral vessels are employed in the coasting trade. The shad 
fishery in the spring is diligently prosecuted, and is a source 
of considerable wealth, while large quantities of other flsh 
are taken throughout the year. The v. at the point was 
first settled in 1635. It contains 2 churches, and was onee 
the location of Yale College. In the N. part of the t. is the 
flourishing v. of Essex. I'op. of t in 1S40, 3,417 ; in 1S50, 
3,84S. 

Saybkook, t., p. v., and sta., Ashtabula oo., Ohio: near 
Lake Erie, 169 m. N. E. Columbus. Drained by two small 
streams flowing N. into the lake. The village is ceutrallj- 
situated. The Cleveland and Erie R. B. passes through the 
N. of t., on which is the sta., 50 m. N. E. Cleveland. Pop. 
of t. :.3T4. 

SAYLonsBCTiG, p. o., Monroc county, Penn. : 95 m. N. E. 
Harrisburg. 

Saylorvillk, p. v., Polk co., Ja. : on a cr. flowing into 
the Des Moines r., lOS m. W. Iowa City. 

Sayville, p. v., Suffolk CO., K. Y. : near Great South bay, 
51 m. E. New TorU city, and 145 m. S. E. Albany. 

SoARBOKouGir, p. v., Seriven co., Ga.: on the Central 
(Georgia) E. R., E. side of Ogecchee r., 70 m. N. W. Sa- 
vannah, and 91 m. E. S. E. (direct) tVotii Milledgeville. 

ScAEBonoucn, t. p. v., and sta., Cumberlanil co., JlTc. ; 
between Saco and Portland, and bordering on the Atlantic 
Ocean, 61 ra. S. W. Augusta. Drained by Nonsuck river, 
flowing thrfiugh it; soil rich, and it hus large quantities of 
salt marshes. It is principally an agricultural L, but ship- 
building is carried on to some extent, and several vessels 
ore employed in the coasting trade and fisheries. The dis- 
tingiushed statt^sraan, Eufus King, and his half-l)roih(.T, 
■William King, the first governor of Maine, were born in this 
town. The v. is on the Portland, Saco, and Portsmouth 
Railroad. 45 m. N. E. Portsmouth (N. H.). Population 
of t. 1,837 

ScAKSDALE, t- and p. v., Westchester co., N. Y,: 1.33 m. 
(by railroad) S. Albany. Drained I>y Bronx river. Surfiicc 
rolling; soil fertile. The Harlem R. R. passes through the 
t, on which the v. is located, 22 m. from New York city. 
It is a small but neat v., with 312 inhabitants. 

ScnAGHTicoKE, t. and p. v.. Rensselaer co., 2T, Y, : 9 m. 
N. Troy, and 16 m. N. by E. Albany. Drained by Tomha- 
nic creek and Hoosic river, flowing into the Hudson, which 
bounds it on the W. Surface moderately uneven; soil fer- 
tile. It has extensive water-power, and a number of manu- 
factories, mills, etc. The v. is located on Hoosic r., E. of 
the Hudson, and is a thriving manufacturing place; cotton, 
linen, and hemp goods, powder, and powder kegs are 
776 



largely marmfactured. The Troy and Boston R. R. passes 
through, and the Troy and Rutland R. R. diverges from 
this v., 12 m. from Troy. Pop. of t. 3,200. ' 

ScnATiLEsviLLE, Bcrks CO., Penn.: here arc located four 
forges, two of which (in 1S5U) made 250 tons blooms and 30 
tons bar iron ; moved by water-power. 

SciiEi.LSBUBG, p. v., Bedford CO., Pemi. : 91 m. W. by S. 
Harrisburg. 

Schenectady county, J<r. Y. Situate toward the E., and 
contains 186 sq. m. Drained by Mohawk river and Scho- 
hariekilt and Normanskill. Surface diversified, with low 
hills and valleys; soil various, but fertile in general, particu- 
larly so along the banks of the Mohawk r. Chief products 
wheat, Indian corn, and potatoes. Agricultural pursuits 
are much (bllowed by the inhabitants. It contains sorne 
minerals, and has good slate quarries. Farms 1,040; 
manuf. 107; dwell. 3,195, and pop.— wh, 19.G67, fr. col. 8ST— 
total 20,054. CnpiUtl: Schenectady. Public Works: Cen- 
tral R. R. ; SchenecXady and Saratoga R. R. ; Troy and 
Schenectady R. R. ; Erie Canal. 

Schenectady, p. city, and cap. Schenectady co., K. Y. : 
on S. side of Mohawk r., 17 ra. N. W. Albany. Lai. 42° 4S' 
N. ; long. 73° 55' W. This is one of the oldest cities in the 
State, having been first settled by the Dutch about 1620, 
and ehartert^d March 26, 1T9S. On February S, 1690, the v., 
then consisting of 63 houses and a church, was taken at 
night by the French and Indians, sacked and burned, who 
murdered 63 inhabitants and took 27 captives. The city 
contains a city hall, and jail, county offices, market, lyccura, 
female academy, and 10 churches. Its manufactures are 
considerable, chiefly of flour, paper, cotton goods, iron, 
leather, and machinery. One broom factory in the vicinity 
makes annually about 1,800,000 brooms. There are 2 banks, 
with aggregate capital of $315,000. and 1 savings bank. 
The Erie Canal i>as3PS through the city, and 4 lines of rail- 
road here connect, viz., Albany ami Schenectady R. R.. 17 
m. ; Troy and Schenectady R. R., 20 m. ; Saratoga and 
Schenectady R. R., 22 m. ; Utiea and Schenectady R. R., 
7S m. The "S. Cabinet" (whig), ami "S. Reflector" (dem.) 
are issued weekly. TJni<jn College located here, was 
founded in 1795, is pleasantly situated on an eminence over- 
looUing the city, with spacious grounds and several large 
edifices. In 1S50 it had 12 professors, 2,725 alumni, 266 
stu<ient8, and 15,000 volumes in its library. Pop. in 1S40, 
6.7S4; in 1S50, 8,921. 

SruENEVos, p. 0., Otsego co., J^. Y.: 72 m. W. Albany. 

SciiLEisiNGEBSviLLE, p. o., Washington co., Wise. : 67 m. 
N. E. Madison. 

ScnKECKSViLLE, p. c, Lehigh co., Penn. : 10 m. N. E. 
Harrisburg. 

ScuoDACK, t., Rensselaer county, K Y. : 8 miles S. by E. 
Albany. Drained by several small streams flowing into the 
Hudson river, whicli bounds it on the W. Surface uneven; 
soil fertile. Its water-power is good, and ttierc are some 
miUs, etc. Sehodacic Centre, Schodack Dcpflt. and Scho- 
d:iek Landing, are names of post-offices. The Hudson 
River R. R., and Western R. R. both pass through this town. 
Pop. 3,510. 

ScnoPACK Centre, p. o., Rensselaer co., Nl Y. : is a small 
settlement 7 m. S. E. Albany. 

ScuoDACK Dei'Ot. p. Y. and stn., Renssela-r co., iK Y.: 
on the Western R. K., 8 m. N. Kinderhook, and 8 m. S. E. 
Albany. 

Schodack LAynrac. p. v. and sta.. Rensselaer co., N". Y.: 
on the lell bank of the Hudson r., and on the Hudson River 
\l. R., 64 m. N. Poughkeepsie, 11 m. S. Albany. It con- 
tains several stores, warehouses, and a hay press; and a 
number of sloops are owned here which ply between the v. 
and New York. 

ScHOENECK, p. 0., Lancaster county, Perm. : 85 m. S. E. 
Harrisburg. 

SciioiiAUiK county, 2^. Y. Situate toward the E.,and con- 
tains 621 eq. m. Drained by Schoharie cr. and its tribut- 



SCH 



SCH 



aries. Surface geaerally mountainous, anJ well ndaptt'd to 
grazing. The main branch of the Culskiil Mountains cross 
the S. portion of ihe co. ; soil ft-rtile, and on the streams the 
land is proihiL-live. Chief proiiuctions, wheat and [mliaa 
corn. It has some bt-ds of bni;-tn>n ore. and water lime- 
stone. Stdphur s|>riiie:3 are f.'umi in ditfi-rent pans, whieh 
are gaining celebrity, particularly those at Sharon. Farms 
2,439; mamif. I'+S; dwell. 5,87s. ami pop.— wh. 83,092. fr. 
col. 450— total 33,.54'2. Cnpital : Sclioharie. Public Works* 
Nnwbiirg ami Syracuse It. 11. (prnjeeled), 

ScHOHA,i;iK. t., p. v., a!id cap. Schoharie co., K. Y.: 2S ni. 
"W. All)any. Drained by Schoharie creek, which passes 
throngh il f/oni N. to 3., antl Fox creek, affitrdiiig excellent 
waler-powiT. Surface various, in parts hilly, with extensive 
valleys; soil of great fertility, and well cultivated. The v. 
is loealed on the right bank of the creek so called, and con- 
tains a court-house, jail, and other public buiMings, an in- 
corporattfd acuileiny, and other places of instruction ; print- 
ing oftici'S, mechanic aliops, etc., ami the -'S. liepublican" 
(whig), and '"S. Patriot'' (dem.) are both weekly issues. 
Pop. of t 2,5SS. 

SonooDic lakes, Me. : these lakes are about twelve in num- 
ber, lying in the N. part of Washington co., and from thence 
issues the Schoodic cr. W. branch of St. Croix r. The most 
E. of these is Big lake, of irregular form, about 9 m. long, 
connected by a rapid stream 3 miles long, with Grand lake. 
15 miles long, very ileep, and remarkably clear. It is well 
stocked with fish. The other are on the S. W., Poeumcus, 4 
miles long, and the "Waboosis 3 m. long. In a W. direction 
lies the Siclabobsis, 10 miles in extent, and farther Jf. is the 
Horse-shoe lake, so called from its form, and also the Jnni<ir 
lake, 6 miles long. Still farther on is Scraggled lake, of an 
irregular shape; also the Pleas;mt lake, 5 mites long, with 
some others of less size. They are all connected hy cuijsid- 
erable sized streams, and except between the Big and 
Grand lakes, there is a continuous boat navigation of nearly 
100 miles in extent. The surrounding country is very fertile 
and well wooded. 

SciiooLcuAtT county, J/7eA. Situate centrally in the N. 
peninsula, and contains '2.516 sq. m. Drained by the Mon- 
istiqne river and its branches. White Fish and llapid rivers, 
and other streams. Surface in the interior level, on the 
lake shore meky; soil various. Pine and oth(!r timbers 
abountl. Farms 0; nianuf. ; dwell. 5, and pop. — wh. IG, 
fr. col. 0— total 16. Capital: — 

SciiooLCKAtT, t. and p. v., Kalamazoo co., 3nc7t. : C6 m. 
S. W. Lansing. Watered by a number of ponds, the outlets 
of which form in part the head waters of a branch of St. 
Joseph's river. It is a rich and fertile farming country, with 
good mill privileges. The v, near the centre of Prairie 
Ronde is a thriving place, and contains about 300 inhabit- 
ants. Pop. of 1. 1,101. 

ScnooLEY's Mountain, p. t., Morris co., A'! Jer. ; 43 m. 
N. Tn-nton. The spring located near the top of the mount- 
ain h:is a temperature of 56° Fahrenheit, and discharges 3(i 
gallons an hour. The region abounds with magnetic iron 
ore. In the neighborhood of the springs are well kept 
hotels, boarding schools, etc., and 7 miles farther on the 
mount.aiii is lludd's Pond, 2 miles long and 1 broad, of great 
depth, and abounding with fish. 

Scnooi.F.y'K mountain, Morris co., 271 Jcr.: forms a part 
of a chain which extends in a N. E. and S. W. direcli<in 
across the Slate, from the Delaware to the Iludson river. It 
crosses the N. W. part of the county witli a height of GOO 
feet from its ha.so, and about I.IOO feet above the level of thf 
ocean. A mineral spring near its tf>p has given it consider- 
able celebrity. 

SciiRAALEN'mrRG. p. o.. Bergen co., JV! Jer.: on a creek 
of Hackensack r.. 59 m. N. E. Trenton. 

Schroepel, L, Oswego county, N. Y.: 139 m. W. N. W. 
Albany. Drained by Oneida and Oswego r., the latter 
bounding il on the S. W. Surface uneven; soil fertile. It 
has some small manufactures and several mills. PhceuLx 



is the name of the post-offlce. Population of town, including 
Pheenix, 3.2.58. 
SenaooN Lake, p. o., Essex eo., 7^. Y. : fio m. IsT. Albany. 
Scurh.in lake, .V. 1'.; lies partly in Fssex county, and 
p.'irlly in Warren eo. ; it is li) miU-» long, and from one to 
two in width, abounding with ti'out and other kinds of fish. 
Deer and wild gnme are found in alumdaiiee on its t)orders, 
which in the E. are surrounded by a dense lorest. 
ScHRooN River, p. o., Essex co., N. Y. : 77 m. N. Albany. 
ScHULrzsvu-LE, p. o.. Duchess county, J7. Y. : 63 m. S. 
Albany. 

ScnuMLA, p. 0., Ritchie counly, Vir/j. ; 22S m. N. "W. 
liichmond. 

Schuyler county, ///. Situate toward the W., and con- 
tains 334 sq. ra. Drained by Sugar, Crane, and Crooked 
creeks, ail tributaries of Illinois r., which runs on iU S. E. 
border. Surface undulating; soil fertile. Chief produc- 
tions, wheat and Indian corn. Purk and beef are largely 
exported. It is well wooded. Farms 024; raanuf. 52; 
dwell. 1,7S3, and pop.— wh. 10,547, fr. col. 26— totid 10,573. 
Onpital: linsliville. 

ScHuvLER county, Mo. Situate N.. and contains 351 sq. ra. 
Drained by North, Middle, and South forks of Pabius r., 
and branches of Chariton ereek. Surface undulating ; soil 
fertile. A large portion of the land is well timbered. Farms 
446: manuf. 5; dwell. 539, and pop.— wh. 3,230, fr. col. 2, 
si. 55— total 3,2S7. tkipita! : Laneasler. 

Schuyler, sla., Sangamon co., ///. ; on the Sangamon 
and Morgan E. U,, !) m. W. Sprincfield. 

Schl-vler's Falls, t. and p. o.. Clinton co., Hf. Jer, : 5 m. 
W. by S. Plattsburg. and 139 m. N. Albany. The Saranac 
r. bounrls il on the N.. and it is drained by SMlmoii er., af- 
fording extrusive water-power. Surface m parts hilly ; soil 
fertile. It has some extensive manufactories, and the sur- 
rounding country is rich in agricultural and mineral pro- 
ductions, pop. 2,110. 

Schuyler's Lake, p. o., Otsego eo., y. Y. : 74 m. W. hy N. 
Albany. 

ScniTYLERSYTLLE, p. v., Saratoga CO., 7f. Y.: on theW. 
bank of the Hudson r., at its confluence with Freneh cr., 
7 m. E. Saratoga Springs. 36 m. N. Albany. Incorporated 
in 1S31. The Champlain Canal passes through, an<!, with 
the cr., furnishes extensive water-power. It is a thriving 
manufacturing village, cont;iining cotton and woolen fac- 
tories, iron foundries, machine shops, mills, etc. The 
British arms, under Burgoyne, sustained a defeat at Bemia' 
Heights, near this place, on the 17th October. 1777, by the 
Americans, under General Gates. The Schuylersvitle acad- 
emy, an incorporated insliiution, is located in this v. Tto 
" Old Saratoga" (ncut.) is a weekly issue. 

SciTTYLKiLL couiity, Peini. Situate E. centrally, and con- 
tains 6.S4 sq. m. Drained by Schuylkill r. and its aflluents, 
and small tributaries of Susquehanna r. Surface varied; 
on the streams tliere is some fine land, but the general fea- 
ture of the CO. is mountainous ; soil, with the exception of 
fhf river bottoms, is poor and barren, and in many parts 
rocky. It contains extensive beds of mineral coal, which 
are nmeh celebrated for their quality. P'arms 1,247 ; manuf. 
P54; dwell, 10.671, and pop.— wh. 60.307, fr. col, 406— total 
60.713. Orpital : Orwigshurg. Puhlic Wur/cs : Phila- 
di-lltliia and Iteading K. K. ; Catawissa II. R. ; Little Schuyl- 
kill K. R-: and a number of railroads extending to the 
mines; also Schuylkill Canal. 

ScnirvLKiLL, t., Schuylkill county, Penv.: 55 m. N. E. 
Ilarrisburg. This is an extensive eoal district, and the cap- 
ital investi'd in the coal tr.ade during Ihe flscal year 1S50 wa3 
.'i;I33,S15, monthly wages paid, $8,570, annual product of the 
mines. $119,000. valued at $231,800. A railroad connects 
this place witli the Mine Hill U. R., at Schuylkill Haven. 

Sc HUVLKiLL, t. and p. o., Chester co., Penn. : on the W. 

side of Schuylkill r., 70 m. E. Ilarrisburg. Drained by 

French and Stoney creeks. Surface level ; soil fertile. Tho 

, Philadelphia and Reading E. B. passes through iLs E. part 

777 



^ SCH 

ScniDENCK's Store, p. o., Montgomery co., Penn.: SS 
m. K. llarrisburg. 

Schuylkill river, Pa. : rises by three branches In Schuyl- 
kill CO., and flowing S. E., enters the Delaware r., 7 m. 
bi'low PliiiadelpUui. Its K-ngth is 140 m. Tlie most im- 
porliuit of its tributaries are Tulpehocken cr. from the W., 
an«I rerkioiuen cr. from ilie E. Vessels of from 3(iO to 40it 
tons ascend to the W. wharves of Pluladelphia, where its 
average depth at common tides is from 13 to 14 feeL By 
means of canals and jjouIs, it is navigable lOS m. An im- 
mense quaniily of C(tal is transported on it. 

ScurvLKiLL Bend, p. o., Berks county, Ponn.: 49 m. E. 
Uarrmburg. 

SchuylkillHaven. p. v., Schuylkill co., Peini.: npta the 
Schuylkill r., and on the Philadelphia and Heading II. K-, 
89 m. N. W. Philadelphia, and 43 m. N. E. llarrisburg. It 
is connected with the coal region in the vicinity by the 
Mine Hill K. K.. 1"3 ni. Treniont, and with Philadelphia and 
Port Carbon by the Schuylkill Navigation Canal. A fur- 
nace of SOO tons annual capacity, operated by water-power, 
is located near the village. The "S. U. Map'' is a weekly 
whig issue. Pop. 2,061. 

Scip:nceville, p. o., Stewart co., Ga. : 107 m. 8. W. 
Milledgeville. 

Scio, L and p. v., Washtenaw co., Mick. : 45 m. S. E. 
Lansing. Drained by Huron r.. Honey and Mill creeks. 
Surface undulating; soil very prolific, gemrally black, sandy 
loam, and clay. There is a great variety of excellent tim- 
ber in the t and vicinity. The Michigan Central E. li. 
passes through the N. part, on which is Delhi sljitinn. 41 m. 
"W.Detroit. The v. is 2 m. S. of the R. K. Pop. of 1. 1,195. 

Scio, L, p. v., and sta., Alleghany county, X. Y. : 14S m. 
"W. by S. Albany. Drained by Genesee r., and branches of 
the Allegiiany r. Surface much broken, and heavily tim- 
bered; soil fertile. It has good water-power, and some 
mills. The v. and sUi. are on the Erie II. It., yiil) m. from 
New York aqd 9Si m. from Dunkirk. Pop. oft. 1,924. 

Scio, p. o., Harrison county, Ohio: 99 m. E. by N. 
Columbus. 

ScioTA, p. o. and sta., Clinton co., iV. T. : on the Platts- 
burg and Montreal E. E., 15 m. N. Plattsburg, 157 m. N. 
Albany. 

Scioto county, Ohio. Situate S., and contains 504 sq. m. 
Scioto r. passes through it centrally, by which and its 
branches, and by Lillle Scioto r. it is drained. Surface in 
general uneven; soil fertile, and on the streams very pro- 
ductive; wheat auii Indian corn are the principal produc- 
tions. It is bounded on the S. by the Oliio. Farms 751 ; 
manuf. 73; dwell. 3,036, and pop.— wh. 18,174. fr. col. 254— 
total ls,42S. CapiUil: Porlsmoulh. Public Works: Scioto 
and Hocking Valley E. R. ; Iron R. E. ; Ohio Canal. 

Scioto, p. o., Scioto co., Ohio : 7S m. S. by E. Columbus. 

Scioto river, Ohio: rises in Hardin county, flows E. into 
Marion co., and S. into Franklin, where it receives Whel- 
8t(mc or Olentangy r. just above Columbus, and theuce 
through Pickaway, Ross, Pike, and Scioto co's, into the 
Ohio r. at PorLsraoulh. where it is 150 yards wide. It flows 
160 miles through a fertile country, and is»:avigable 130 m., 
to the mouth of Little Scioto river. 

Scioto Bbidgk, p. o., Delaware co., Ohio: on the Scioto r., 
ii4 m. N. N. W. Columbus. 

Sciotoville, p. o., Scioto county, Ohio: SO ra. S. by E. 
Columbus. 

Scirio, p. v., Jennings en., hid. : on Sand cr., and on the 
Madison and Indianapolis E. R., 55 m. S. S. E. Indianapolis. 
It is located in an agricultural district, and much produce 
is exported from this poinL Pop. about 200. 

Scipio, U and p. v., Cayuga co.. y. Y. : 145 m. "W. by N. 
Albany. Drained by Salmctn cr., flowing S. into Cayuga 
lake, and other smaller streams. Owasco lake forms its E. 
boundary. Surface undulating, with a fertile and highly 
cullivuted soil. The v. is ne.ir the head of Salmon cr., and 
has some manufactures, mills, etc. Pop. of t. 2,135. 
7T8 



SCO 

Scipio Centbk, p. o., Hillsdale county, Mich.: 51 m. S. 
Lansing. 

Scipioville, p. 0., Cayuga co., X. Y.: 150 m. W. by N. 
Albany. 

SciTico, p. v., Hartford county. Conn. : on the N. aide of 
Scaulic r., IS ra. N. by E. Ilarllbrd. 

SciTUATE, t. and p. v., Plymoulb co., Mass.: on Massa- 
chiissets bay, of the Atlantic Ocean, IS m. S. E. Boston. It 
, is located at the mouth of North r., and has a small but 
convenient harbor, defended by rocky cliffs, an<i Cedar 
Point, on which latter are two ligluhouses, with fixed 
lights 40 feel elevation. Latitude 42° 12' 17" N., and 
longitude 70° 43' 15" W. The river is very deep, but nar- 
row and crooked, and is noted for the fine ships built on its 
borders. A number of vessels belonging lo this town are 
engaged in the merchant service and coasting trade, and 
the mackerel fishing is carried on to a great extent. The 
manufactures consist of leatlier, boots, shoes, lasts, vessels, 
etc. The V. is located a short distance back from the har- 
bor. Pop. of t. 2,149, 

Scitl'ate, t. and v., Providence co., 7?. /. ; lo ra. W. of 
Pro\idence. Drained by Pawtuxet ri\(T and ils liranclies, 
afl'ording valualde water-power. Surface diversiflL-d with 
hills and valleys; soil ada])ted to grazing. L:irge manu- 
factories of cotton and wool are Ir)cated on tlie bank of the 
river, and tliere is a valuable quarry of freestone in the 
western ]>art of the town. This town was Uiken from Pro- 
vidence in 1731. The v. is on Pawtuxet river. Pop. of 
t. 4.532. 

ScoNoNDOA, p. 0-, Oneida co., X. Y.: 171 m. W. N. W. 
Albany. 

ScooBF.N, p. 0., Kemper county, Mim. : 90 m. Ei by N. 
Jackson. 

Scotch Plains, p. v., Essex county, X. Jer. : on the E. 
side of Green brook of Rarilan r., and on the New Jersey 
Central R. R., 12 m. W. Elizabethporl, and 35 m. N. E. 
Trenton. 

Scotch Ridge, p. o., "Wood county, Ohio : 97 m. N. N. W. 
Columbus. 

Scotcutown, p. o.. Orange co., X. Y. : 87 ra. S. S. "W. 
Albany. 

Scotia, p. v., Pope county, ArX: : on the left bank of the 
Arkans:is r., 69 m. N. W. Little Eoek. Coal deposits are 
found in the vicinity. 

Scotia, p. it, Schenectady co., JV; T; : on the N. bank of 
Mohawk r., 1 m. W. Schenectady, and 13 m. N. "VV. Albany. 
Pop. about 200. 

Scotland county, Mo. Situate N. E., and contains 
477 sq. m. Drained by North and Middle forks of Fabius r., 
and S. AVyaconda r. Surface level; soil fertile. It is well 
timbereil, and has excellent pasturage for cattle. Farms 3S4 ; 
manuf. G ; dwell. 5SS. and pop.— wh. 3,t>31, fr. col. 0, si. 151 — 
total 3.7S2. Capital: Mem])!iis. 

Scotland, p. o., Franklin county, Perm.: 50 m. S. W. 
llarrisburg. 

Scotland, p. v., AVindham co., Conn.: on the Show- 
tucket r., 31 m. E. Hartford. 

Scotland, p. v., Jefferson county, Miss.: 65 ra. S. "W. 
Jackson. 

Scotland, p. t., Greene county, I/id.: CO m. S. W. 
Indianajjolis. 

ScuTi.AND, p. o., York co., Me. : 81 m. S. W. Augusta. 

Scotland, p. v., Plymouth co,, Mans.: 28 m. S. Boston. 

Scotland Neck, p. v.. Halifax county, X. Car: between 
Fishing cr. and Roanoke r., 77 m. N. E. Ealeigh. 

Scorr county. Ark. Situate W.. and contains 031 sq. m. 
Draineil by La Fave r, and other tributaries of Arkansas 
river. Surface level; soil fertile. Farms 3G5 ; manuf. 10; 
.1 well. 514. and pop.— wh. 2,920, fr. col. 17, si. 146— totid 3,0S3. 
Capital: Booneville. 

Scott county, la. Situate E. toward the S., anrl contains 
445 sq. m. Drained by Walnut, Allen's, and Duck creeks. 
Surface rolling ;'soil fertile anctvery productive. Farms S84; 



SCO 



SCR 



uianuf. 19; dwt'Il. 991, and pop.— wh. 5,9T'2, Ir. col. 11 — 
total .'),9SG. Capital: Davenporl. 

SroTT conniy. ]H. Situate toward the W., and contains 
2fi] sq, m. Drained by small tributaries of Illinois r., which 
fiTuis its wt'sicrii boundary. Surface undulating; soil furtile. 
Wlicat and Indian corn are produced aliundaully. Pork 
and beef are exported. I'rinie timber aboiiuds. Farms TI2; 
niaiiuf. 54; dwell. 1,;^00, and pop.— wli. 7.902, fr. col. 12— 
toiul 7.9U. Cnjfit'it: Winchester. Public Works: Great 
Western Central K. R. 

ScoiT county, Ind. Situate S. E., and contains 175 sq. m. 
Drained by Graliani\s f.irk of White r. and branchca. Sur- 
face varied, it is most generally undulating, but in the W. 
is billy and broken: soil fertile, and well adapted lo grain 
and gr.-izinjj. Chii-f productions, wheat, and Indian corn, 
with beef, pork, and vegetables. It has some (luaidity of 
good timber, an J contains several salt springs. Fiirciis 719 ; 
nianuf. It; dwell. 1.040, and pop.— wli. .5.S70. fr. eol. 15— 
total 5,SS5. Cdpitiil: Lexington. Public Wurks : Jeffersun- 
ville IX. R. 

Scott county, A'//. Situate toward the S., and cont,'iin3 
213 sq. Ttx. Draincil by North, Elkhorn. and Eagle creeka. 
Surface level ; soil very fertile. Chief productions, wheat 
and Indian corn. Farms 75S; raanuf. 59; dwell. 1.5GG, 
and pop.— wh. 8,S91, fr. col. 219, si. 5,S36— total 14,940. 
Capital: .Gi^^orgetown. 

StdTT county, J/^v*. Situate cenlrally, and contains 
589 sq. m. Drained by branches of Pearl and Leaf rivers. 
Surface level; soil fertile, and adapted to grazing. Chief 
protluotiona, cotton and Indian corn. Farms '257; manuf. 4; 
dwell. 422, and pop. — wh. 2,77S, fr. col. 1, si. 1,1S2— 
total 3.9G1. Cujutul: lliUsboro'. Public Works: Alabama 
and Mississippi R. R. 

Scott county. Mo. Situate S. E.. and contains 879 sq. m. 
Drained by James and While Water rivers. Sirrface diver- 
si lied ; snil very fertile, and produces in abundance wheat 
and Indian corn. Tobacco is tlie staple. It contains many 
minerals. Farms 40S; manuf. 9; dwell. 5()0, and i)np. — 
wh. 2,773, fr. col. IC, si. 393— total 3,1S2. Capital : 
Benton. 

Scott county, Virg. Situate S. W.,and contains 71Spq. m. 
Drained by Clinch r., and North fork of llolaton r., and their 
branches. Surface broken and hilly, in parts mountainous; 
soil moderately fertile. Chief productions, wheat aud 
Indian corn. Farms G14; manuf. 32; dwelU 1,523, and 
pop.— wh. 9,325, fr. col. 31, si. 473— total 9,829. CupiUd: 
Estillville. 

ScoiT, t. and p. o., Sheboygan co., Wise. : 61 m. N. E. 
Madison. Drained by branches of Milwaukee r. Surface 
varied ; soil fertile. It has excellent water-power, and some 
excellent mill-sites. 

Scott, p. v.. La Grange county, Ind. : on the S. aide of 
Pigeon r., 136 m. N. by E. Indianapolis. 

Scott, t. and p. v., Cortlandt co., JS\ T. : 22 m. S. from 
Syracuse, and \?A) m. W. Albany. Drained by branches of 
Tioughnioga r., and the inlet of Skaneateles lake. Surface 
various, in parts much broken; soil very fertile, and in good 
state of cultivation. Its manufactures are limited, the chief 
pursuits being agricultural. The v. is centrally situate. 
Pop. of u 1,290. 

Scott, p. o., La SaUe county, 111: 120 m. N. N. E. 
Bpringtield. 

Scott, t. and p. o., Adams county, Ohio: 67 m. S. by W. 
Colundjus. Drained by a branch of Rnish cr. Surface 
uneven; s^oil of aver:ige fertility. Iron ore of superior 
quality is found. Pojj. 1.270. 

Scott, p. v., Mah:iaka county, /(/. .• 69 m. W. S. "W. 
Iowa City. 

Scott, t. and p. o., Wayne co., Penn.: 130 m. N. E. 
Harrisburg. Drained by several small streams flowiuLi E. 
into the Delawari' r.. and W. by Starucca cr.. brunch of the 
Busquehanna r. Surface uneven, in parts hUIy j soil fertile 
and good limber lauds. 



Srt.iTT's en-ek, Calif.: rises in E. p;iTt of Vnlia co., and 
flows W. into the Tuba r. JIuch g'-ld is found in this 
sireani, and tile diggings are very proliiable, 

SroTrain:itiin, p. o., Livingston co., N. Y.: 209 m. W. 
Albany. 

ScoTTsiiunoii. p. v., Halifax co,, Yir{i.: on Ilif line of the 
Riehmond au'l Danville R. 11.. S7 m. S. W. Richmond. It 
is a small v„ with about 50 or 60 inhabitants. 

ScoiT's I'rkek. p. v., Haywood co., ^V. car. : on a stream 
so called of Tuckascoge r.. 253 m. W. by S. Raleigh. 

Scott's Hill, p. o., Henderson co., Ttnri.: 97 m. S. W. 
Na.shville. 

Scott's Snop,9la.. Amelia co., Vii.: I'li the Richmond and 
Danville R. R., 33 m. S. W. Richmond. 

ScTTsviLLE, p. v., Bibb CO.. Jla. : on a trilmtary of 
Cabawiia branch of Alabama r.. 69 m. N. W. Montgomery. 
Good water-power is here afforded, and improved by the 
Tuscaloosa Manufacturing Company, iivh<» employ about 90 
o[)eratives. There is also a grist and saw mill, and a 
church, on the property of the company. IVjJulaliou 
about 200. 

ScoTTSviLLE, p. 0., Claiborue par., La.: 1G9 m. N. "W. 
Baton Rouge. 

ScoTTSvrLLE. p. v., Sulllvan co., J/o. ; on the E. side of 
Locust cr.. 1 17 m. N. W. Jelferson City. 

ScoTTSviLLE. p. v., and cap. Allen co., 7vi/. : on a fork of 
Rig Barren r.. 121 m. S. W. Frankfort, and contains a court- 
house, jail, and other public buildings. The Lexiugton and 
Nashville R. R. passes through the village. Pop. 400, 

ScoTTSviLLE, Cap. Puwliatan county, Virg. {6ee Pow- 
hatan C. 11.) 

ScoTTSvii.i,E. p. v., Albemarle oo., Virg. : on the N. bank 
of James r., and on the James River Canal, 73 m. W. by N. 
Richmond. "The Independent" is a weekly issue. 

SCOTTSVILLE. p. v., Mouroe CO., iV. )'. .- on the left hank 
of the Genesee r., and on the Genesee Valley Canal, 12 m. 
S. by W. Rochester, and 212 ni. W. by N. Albany. Exlen- 
yive hydraulic power isderived from the canal and river, and, 
it ha.-* a number of mills, etc. 

SCOTTSVILLE, p. o., Wyoming co., Penn. : 95 m. N. N. E. 
Ilarrisburg. 

ScoTTviLLE, p. v., Macoupin co., lU. : on the S. of Apple 
cr., 33 m. S. W. Springfield. 

ScEANTos, p. v., Luzerne co., Pe?in.: at the junction of 
the Lackawanna and Western E. R. with the Pennss Ivania 
Coal Companies K. E.. 50 ra. S. Great Bend, and 97 m. 
N. N. E. Harrisburg. Cobb's Gap R. R. and a railroad to 
Sunbury will diverge from this place. There is near tlie v. 
a furnace of 2,000 tons capacity, operated by water, and two 
of 3,500 tons each annual capacity, operated by steam, and 
a forge, which in 1830 produced 7,000 tons rail. Pop. 2.234. 

SciiEA.MEitsviLLE, p. o., Maury co., Teiin. : 37 m. S. by W. 
Nashville. 

ScKiBA, t and p. v., Oswego co., iV. Y. : 152 m. N. W. 
Albany. Drained by a number of small streams flowing 
into Lake <)nlario. Surface moderately hilly ; soil of mitldhng 
fertility. It contains in part the county buildings. Old Fort 
Oswego, built in 1727, is located near the mouth of the river. 
The v. is 2 m. K. of the lake ; has good waler-j)Ower, and 
contains several mills, workshops, etc. Pop. of t. 3. 70S. 

ScRivEN county, Ga. Situate E., and contains 713 aq. ra. 
It is bounded on the E. by Savannah r., and on the S. and 
W. by Ogeeehee r., by branches of which it is drained, 
Little Ogeechee r., passing through the centre, and Brier cr. 
in the northern portion. Surface undulating; soil fertile, 
and proilnccs large crops of cotlun, which is the st;iple. It 
has some miiuTa!s,and some fine timber land. Farms 49S; 
manuf. ; dwell. 567. and pop.— wh. 3.173, fr. col. 1, si. 3,673 
— total 6,S47. Capital: Jaeksonboro*. 

SriioGGiN's Mill'8, p. o.. Dale co., Ala. : on the W. side 
of Pea r., 63 m. S. E. Montgomery. 

ScaoGosriELD, p. v., Carroll county, Ohio: 111 m. N. E. 
Columbus. 

779 



SCR 



SEG 



ScKUR Grass, p. o., Armslroiiii: county, Penn. : 185 ra. 
W. N. W. Harrisburg. 

ScLFFLRTowN, p. V., LaiircTis district, S. Car.: ou a small 
tributary of Etioree r., 65 m. N. W. Columbia. 

Scull Camp, p. v., Surry co., ,V. Car.: ut the source of 
Fisher's r., 13T m. W. N. W. Kaleigh. 

Scull SiTOAia, p. v.. Greene co., Ga.: on the Oconee r., 
46 m. N. Mille'lgeville, Ponlairrs bridge hi-r« spans the 
river, at which point several mills are in operation. 

Sculltown, ]). v..8aleni co., y. Jer.: on the left bank of 
Oldman'8 cr., 46 m. S. W. Trenton. 

SciLT'icK Point, Hancock ci.. Jfe. : a small cape situated 
in lat 44° IS' N., and long. GTO 5S' W. 

Scfi'i-Kii-MONG, p. o., Washington co., K Car.: 113 m. E. 
Ealeigh. 

Seahkook, t. and p. v., Kockingham co., y. ITamp. : in 
tlie S. E. corner of the State, bordering on Ihe Atlantic 
Ocean, 45 m. S. E. Concord. Drained by Bhuk, Brown's, 
and Walton rivers, and several tributaries. Whale-boat 
building is carried on here to a greater extent than in any 
other town in New England. The inhabitants are occupied 
in mechanical pursuits and the fisheries. This t. is better 
adapted than any other in tlie State to the Bay and Labrador 
fisheries, which are extensively carried on. Bog iron ore is 
fount! on some of the streams. The Eastern K. E. passes 
through the t. on which the v, is located, 14 m. ^. from 
Portsmouth. Poj). of U 1,296. 

Seacocus, sla., Hudson co., y. Jer.: on the Union E. E., 
4 m. N. Jersey City, and 53 m. N. E. Trenton. 

Seafoi'.d, p. v., Sussex co., Del. : on W. side of Nanticoke 
river, 35 m. S. by W. Dover. 

Seal, p. o., Wyaudott county, Ohio: 61 m. N. by W. 
Columbus. 

Seal Cove, p. v., ITancock co., Jiff. : at the head of the 
inlet so called, on Mount Desert island, 72 m. E. Augusta. 

Searcy county. Ark. Situate N., and contains 941 sq. m. 
Drained by Buffalo fork of White r. and Crooke<l cr., a trib- 
utary of White r. Surface varied ; in the N. it is level, or 
gently undulating, and in the S. hilly, being separated from 
the adjoining county by a low rartge of mounlauis; soil 
generally fertile, the hilly portions well adapted to grazing. 
Farms 246; manuf. 0; dwell. 822, and pop.— wh. 1,950, fr. 
col. 0, si. 29— total 1,979. Ctipital: Lebanon. 

Searcy, p. v., and cap. White co., Ari: : on the W. of 
Little Eed Branch of White r., 45 m. N. N. E. Little Bock. 
It contains a court-house. Jail, etc 

Seakight's, p. o., Fayette county, Penn. : 143 m. W. by S. 
Harrisburg. 

Searsburg, p. o., Tompkins county, y. Y.: 160 m. W. 
Albany. 

Searsbueg, L and p. v., Bennington co.. Verm. : 53 m. 8. 
Entland. Drained by Deerfleld r. Surface mountainous, 
being located on the Green Mountains, and in general uullt 
for cultivation. Chartered in 17S1. The v. is S. of the r. 
Pop. of t. 201. 

Searsmont, t. and p. v., Waldo co., Jfc; 31 m. E. Au- 
gusta. Drained by St. George r., and a considerable pond 
is in N. part of t., from which fldws a branch of the r. Sur- 
face varied ; snil feriile. The manufactures consist in leatlur, 
flour, and lumber. The v. is located on the St. George r. 
Pop. of 1. 1,696. 

Seapsport, I. and p. v., Waldo co.. 3ff. : 45 m. E. by N. 
Augusta. Bounded on the S. by Belfast bay, and drained 
by a small stream flowing into it. Incorporated in 1S45, 
from Prospect and a part of BellasL It has a good harbor. 
The v. is situated near the entrance of the stream into the 
the bay. Pop. of t. 2.20T. 

Skarsville, p. 0., Orange county, IT. Y. : 81 m. S. 8. W. 
Albany. 

Searsville, p. v., Stewart co., Ga. : on Kacafoonee cr., 
105 m. S. W. Milledgeville. 

Seatcck, p. 0., Suffolk CO., y. T. : 286 m. S, E. Albany. 

Sbaville, p. o., Cape May co., iV. Jer. : 75 m. S. Trenlon. 
T80 



Skbago, t. and p. v., Cumberland co., JM ; bordering on 
the lake so called, 57 m. S. W. Augusta. There are several 
ponds in the t., by the outlcL'* of which it is drained. Sur- 
fiice i)leasatUly diversififd, and a fertile soil. Chartered in 
1S2G, and contains several manufactories of flour, lumber, 
etc. The v. is on Ihe lake. Pop. of t. SEO. 

Sebaoo lake, Curuberlaiid co., J/e. : is 12 m. long, and 
7 m. wide. It discharges its waters by Presunipscot r. into 
Casco bay. Connected on the N. by W. with Lotig Pond, 
by Songo straii, and receives Crooked r. from the N. The 
Cumijorland and Oxford Canal, 50i m. in length, connects 
it with Portland. 

■ Sebastian county, ArX:.. Situate W., and contains 779 
sq. m. Drained by affluents of Arkans:i9 r., which forms its 
N. boundary. Surface undulating, toward tlie W. hilly: 
soil fertile. It is well wooded, and in the N. are some fine 
beds ' f coal. Cfipital : Black J.ack. 

Sebasticook river. Me. : rises in a pond in the S. E. part 
of Penobscot co.. passes through a lake in Newport t., and 
flowing S. W. empties into the Kennebec r. opposite Water- 
ville. It is about 50 m. in length, and affords in its course 
excellent water-power. 

Seukc. t. and p. v.. Piscataquis eo.. Me, : 74 m. N. N. E. 
Augu.sta. A portion of Sel>ec Pond, 10 ra., lies in this t, and 
the Piscataquis r. crosses the S. parL Drained by Sebec r., 
outlet of the pnnd, which flowing S. E. empties into the 
Piscataquis r. in MiloL Surface moderately uneven; soil 
fertile, and well adapted to grain. Incorporated in 1S12. 
The manufactures consist in woolen goods, leather, lum- 
ber, etc. The v. is on Sebec r., near the lake. Population 
of t. 1.223. 

Sebeo pond, Piscataquis co., Me.: lies in the towns of 
Si bee, Foxcroft, and Bowerbank; it is surrounded by a 
well-timbered country, is about 10 m. long, and averages 
about 1 m. in width. Its outlet is the river so called. 

Seuewa, t. and p. n., Ionia co.. Mich. : 22 m. W. Lansing. 
Dramed by Looking-Glass r. Surface undulating; soil fer- 
tile. Pop. 2:7. 

Seboois lakes, Penobscot co.. Me.: are cnnnected sheets 
of water of irregular form, about 15 m. in length, and from 
half a mile to ime and a half in width, and constitute tho 
head waters of the E. branch of the Penobscot r. Seboois r. 
is the name of their outlet. 

Second Creek, p. v., Greenbrier co., Vlrg. ; on a branch 
of Greenbrier r., 164 m. W. Richmond. 

Sedgwick, t and p. o., Hancock co., Me. : 53 m. E. Au- 
gusta. It is on a peninsula having Blue Ilill bay on the E., 
and separated from Deer island, on the S. by a slraiU The 
soil is inferior, but sufficient produce is raised fur its own 
people. It has good harbors, and considerable navigation. 
A immlier of vessels owned here are employed in the coast- 
ing and fishing trade, and ship-building is carried on to a 
considerable extent. Leather anil hunber are the chief 
articles of manufacture. Tlie v. is on the bay so called, 
which makes up into the town. Pop. of t. 1,234. 

Sehkonk, t. and p. v., Bristol co., J/aw.; 3S m. S. S. W. 
Boston. Separated from Bhode Island by Seelconk r., which 
bounds it on the W. ; and Ten Mite cr. affords water-power. 
Tlie V. of Pawtucket is partly in Seekonk. Seekonk v. is 
on Ten Mile er., ncir its confluence with Proviilence r., and 
contains several factories, etc. Pop. of t. in 1810, 1,996, and 
in ISoO. 2,244. The Boston and Providence E. E. passes 
through the town. 

Sebi.y Creek, p. o., Chemung co., X. Y. : 170 m.W. S.W. 
Albany. 

Seelysburg, p. v., Cattaraugus co., K. Y.: on a branch 
of Conncwimgo cr., 276 ra. W. by S. Albany. 

Seely's Station, p. o., Erie co., Penn. : 203 m. N. W. 
Harrisburg. 

Sego, p. 0., Perry co., Ohin: 41 m. E. by S. Columbus. 

Seguin. p. v.. and cap. Guadalupe co., Tex. : on the left 
bank of the Guad.alupe r., 4S m. S. Austin City. It contains 
the county buildings, etc. 



SEI 



SEN 



SKiBEr.LiNGTtLLE, p. V., Lehigh CO., Peiui. : on a br:incli 
Of Jordyii cr., Go m. E. N. E. Uarrisbiirg. 

SEiSHOLr/viLLK, p. o., Berlis county, Feiin.: 55 m. E. 
Harrisburg. 

Seitzland, sta., Yorlc co., Penn. : on tlio Baltimore and 
Busquehaiina K. R., 42 m. S. by E. Harrisburg. 

Sklbv, v., Biirt-au eo., III. : on the bonU-r of an extensive 
prairie, 4 m. N. of the Illinois river, and lOS m. N. by E. 
Sprinfcfield. 

Sklrysport, p. v., Alleghany co., Md.: on the "W. side 
of Youghiugeny r., 3 ni. btlow the Pennsylvania State line, 
154 m. \V. N. "W. -Annapolis. 

Selbyville, p. n., Sussex co., Del.: 33 m. S. Pover. 

Sni.is's Grove, p. v.. Union co., Penn. : at thf junction 
of Penn's cr. with the Susquehanna r., 3S m. N. llarrisburg. 

SellilR's point, P)allimore co., Md.: a narrow neck of 
land, projecting into Baltimore harbor, on the east side 
thereof. 

SEi.LEiteBuitG, V. and sla., Clarke county, Ind.: on the 
Jeffersonville U. B., 9 m. N. JefTersonvillc, and 03 in. S. by E. 
Indianajfolis. 

Selma, p. v., Dallas co., Ala.: on the right bank of the 
Alabama r., 4o m. W Montgomery. Tins v. is plcjisanlly 
locate<l, and has considerable trade. The'^Selina Beporter" 
(whig) is a weekly issue. A' company, known as llic 
"Sidma Manufacturing Company," has, under the super- 
Tieion of J. P. Pcsliam, Esq., erected an establishment liere 
for the niannlacturo of .all kinds of iron work, from a steam- 
engine down to a horse-shoe nail. Capital invcateil anjounts 
to $i;'2.('iMi; ihoy have eight acres of land, affording plenty 
of room fur enlargement. Selma is the most important v. 
on the r., and from this point large quantities of cotton are 
annually shipped. Two railroads, the Alabama and Ten- 
nessee liiver i:. B. anil the Alabama and Mississippi K. B-, 
diverge Irom this place. Pop. about 1,200. ... 

Selma, p. v.. Jefferson co.. Mo. : on the W. side of the 
^Mississippi r., m-ar the mouth of Plaltin cr., 35 m, below 
'^A. Louis, and 99 m. E. by S. Jefferson City. It has a 
good landing. A shot faelorj' is located here, and there 
is considerable trade carried on. Lead is extensively ex- 
ported. 

Selma, p. v., Clark co., Olilo: 41 m. "W. Columbus. It 
contains a few dwellings, and 47 inhabitants. 

SoiiNARV, p. v., AVachita co., Ark. : on Sac Obert bayou 
of Wachita r.. 99 m. S. S.W. Little Bock. 

Sempeonius. t. and p. o., Cayuga co., Al Y. : 136 m. "W, 
Albany. Drained by several small streams flowing N. and 
■W. Skaneateles lake is on the N. E. ; its water-power is 
good, and it contains several manufactures, several mills, 
etc. Pop. 1,266. 

Senatoria, v., De Soto CO., 3Im. : on a branch of Cold- 
■water r., 157 m. N. Jackson. 

Seneca county, K T. Situate "W. centrally, and contains 
SOS sq. m. Drained by Seneca r. and several small streams 
which flow into Seneca lake on the W. side, and Cayuga 
lake on the E. Surface uneven, and between the lakes is 
diversifl'.'d with pleasant hills and fertile plains, the highest 
elevation being in the middle ; soil fertile, and consists of a 
calcareous loam aad mold. Chief products, wheat and 
Indian corn. It contains good beds of gypsum and quarries 
of variegated marble. A mineral spring, which emits hy- 
drogen g:is, is found here. Fctrras 1,555; manuf. "240; 
dwell. 4,511. and pop.— wh. 25.261, fr. col. ISO— tot.-il 25,441. 
CiipitHl : Waterloo. Public Works: Cayuga and Susque- 
hanna B. B., etc. 

Seneca county, Ohio. Situate N., and contains 536 sq. ra. 
Sandusky river fiows through it centrally, by which and its 
branches it is draine<l. Surface level; soil consists of a 
deep black loam, with clay intermbced, and is very pro- 
ductive. It has excellent pasturage, and large numbers of 
cattle and hogs are fattened and sent to eastern markets. 
It has some good limber land. Agriculture is the leading 
pursuit. Farms 3,5S2; manuf. 199; dwelL 4,615, and pop. 



— wh. 2G.9^;4. fr. co]. 151— total 27,105. Capital: Tiffin. 
Piihlir WorA-^: Mail Biver and Krie B. B. 

Seneca, ji. o., Anderson dist., 6'. Cur. : on the r. so called, 
114 m. W. N. W. Columbia. 

Seneca, p. o., Tompkins county, A'. Y. : 152 m. W. by S. 
Albany. 

Seneca, p. o., "Whitesides county, III.: 130 m. N. by "W". 
Springfield. 

Seneca, t and p. o., Lenawee co., Jficli. : 71 m. S. by E. 
Lansing. Drained by Bear cr. S"il excellent, and I.irgo 
crops of wheat, rye, etc., are raised. The stream alfords 
good water-power, and moves several mills. Pop. 1,092. 

Seneca creek. Montgomery co., Md. : rises in the norihern 
highlands of tliis county in numerous streamlets, whii.-h, 
uniting first into two, and afterward int'i one creek, flow into 
the Potomac river. All the western portion of the county is 
drained by lids tine water-course. 

Seneca lake. K. Y. : lies in the counties of Seneca, On- 
tario, and Yates, ICS m. W. from Albany. This is the 
largest of the series of lakes lying in the Interior of western 
New York. It is 40 m. long, and from 2 to 4 in width. Its 
cloneated diameter is from N. to S. ; elevation of surface 430 
feet above tide-water, and being vtry dee|i, it is never en- 
tirely frozen over. About 12 m. fmni the outlet it has been 
found to be about 500 feet in depth. The outlet is at the 
N. E. angle, which, flowing E. to Cayuga lake, aft'ords ex- 
cellent water-power at Waterloo, and also at Seneca F.alls/ 
The whole descent in 12 miles is 80 feet. This lake is con- 
nected by canal with Crooked lake. Navicration is ma<ic 
easy through its outlet by means of locks at AVaterioo, there- 
by connecting its commerce with that of the Erie Canal; it 
is connected also S. by B. B. with Elmira, Owego, and Bing- 
hampton, and Jf. with Bochester, Syr.acuse, and Oswego. 
The water has a gradual rise and fall through periods of 
several years, but tlie caus':'S have never been a-Terlained. 
The lands upon the shores are bountifully adorned with the 
fniits of cultivation, with here and tliere a remaining tracS 
of the primitive forest. Steamboats ply daily betweeu 
Geneva and Jefferson, a distance of 40 miles. 

Senkca river, S. Car.: rises in the Blue Bidge, N. Cur., 
flows S. through Pickens and Anderson districts, S. On:, 
and enters the Tugaloo. Length 50 m., and it has numerous 
tributaries. 

Skneca river, A^. Y. : outlet of Seneca lake, from the N. 
ond of which it flows E., about 12 m. to the N. of Cayuga 
lake, ancr receiving the waters of which it runs N. and re- 
ceives a stream formed by the outlet of Canandaigua lake 
and other small tributaries from the W.; after which, flow- 
ing E., again it receives other tributaries from the outlets 
of Owasco, Skaneateles, and Onondaga lalces. until it meets 
that of the Oneida lake, when turning N. W., it becomes the 
Oswego r.. and flows into Lake OnUirio at Oswego. It is 
(30 m. in length from its source to its confluence with tho 
Oswego. It is navigable to the Erie Canal at Waterioo. 
There are ftills at the v. of Seneca Falls and at Waterloo, 
from which great water-power is obtained. 

Seneca Castle, p. o., Ontario county, jV. Y. : 175 ni. W 
Albany. 

SEN^:cA Falt-s, t. an<l p. v., Seneca county, K Y. : 44 ra. 
E. S. E. BoclK-ster. and 1(12 m. W. by N. Albany. Drained 
bv Seneca r.. which passes through it from E. t-) W, Cay- 
uga lake bounds it on the E. Surface undulating; soil, in 
general, very f.-rtile, and highly cultivated. The Cayuga 
and Sent-ca C'anal passes through the t, connecting Seneca 
outlet with Cayuga lake. The v. is on the Seneca outlet, 
the canal, and Bochester and Syracuse B. B.. -^ m. from 
Syracuse, and fil m. from Bochest-'r. It was first settled in 
lS29.and incorporated in 1S31. Abundant hydraulic power 
is derived from Seneca outlet, the water of which is constant 
and stea-ly, and is applied extensively to manufacturing 
purposes by means of several dams, having a total fall of 
some 47 feet. Tlie manufactures consist chiefly in cotton 
goods, flour (there being 8 mills with 27 run of stone), lum- 

7S1 



SEN 



ber, iron, paper, etc. There is also a boat-yard, a liimlier- 
j-ard, etc. In the vicinity plaster or gypsum is aliundant. 
The "Seneca County Courier" (whii:), and "The Lily" 
(temp.) are both weekly issues. Pop. of v. .'),045, of t. 4.297. 
Seneca Mills, p. o., Montgomery co., 31(1. : a mill-sent 
on Seneea cr., 40 m. W. Annapolis, with Inlt few inhaliilants. 
Seneca River, p. o., Cayuga county, ^V: 1'. .■ 156 m. 
W. by N. Alhany. 

Senecaville. p. v., Guernsey county, OJdo: SI m. E. 
Columbus. Pop. 457. 
Senes, p. 0., M-Lean co., JU. : 68 m. N. E. Springfield. 
Sennet, t. and p. v., Cayuga co., N. Y. : 145 m.W. by N. 
Albany. Drained by several small streams flowing into the 
Seneea r. Surnice uneven : soil fertile, ami under good 
state of culture. The Rochester and Syracuse R. R. passes 
Ihroueh the village, 23 m. from Syracuse, and SS ra. from 
Rochester. It has several mills, etc. Pop. of t. 2,347. 

Sestell's Stoee, p. o., Bossier par.,-Xa.; 208 m. N. W. 
Baton Rouge. 

Sepilga, p. o., Conecuh CO., Ala. : on the river so called, 
75 m. S. S. W. Montgomery. 

Seqitatciiee. v., Marion CO., Tenn. : on the river so called, 
97 m. 8. E. Nashville. 

Serena, p. v.. La Salle Co., III. : on the right bank of 
Fox r., 122 m. N. E. Springfleld. 

Serepta, p. v., Warren co., 2f. Jer. : on Beaver brook, 
44 m. N. W. by N. Trenton. This is a small manufacturing 
place. 

Sergeantsvilee, p. v., Hunterdon co., N. Jer: IS m. 
N. W. Trenton. 

Sep.kvse, v.. Lake eo.. III. : on the S. boundary of the co., 
161 m. N. E. Springfleld. 

Service, p. o., Beaver county, Peim. : 173 m. W. by N. 
IJarrisburg. 

Setauket, p. v., Suffolk CO., M T.: on the N. side of 
Long Island, at the head of an inlet of Long Island sound, 
S8 m. E. N. E. New York, and 2.32 S. S. E. Albany. It has a 
good harlior, and the v. contains stores, mechanic shops, etc. 
Set7.i.er'8 Store, p. o., Chester eo.. Perm. : 68 m. S. E. 
Harrisburg. 

Seven Beaver lake, Mo. : this sheet of water contains 
one or two islands, and is the source of the head branch of 
St. Louis river. 

Seven Tslanps. p. o., Fluvanna county, H/'J7. .* 4S m. 
W. by N. Richmond. 

Seven Islands, p. o.. Butts Co., Gn. : 47 m. W. by N. 
Milledgeville. 

Seven Mile, p. o., Butler county, Ohio: M m. S. W. 
Columbus. 
Seven Mile Brook, itf<?. 

Seven Mile Creek, p. o., Sauk co.. Wise. : 37 m. N. W. 
Madison. 

Seven Mile Ford, p. 0., Smyth county, Tirg. : 219 m. 
"W. S. W. Richmond. 

Seven Mile Peairie, p. o., Darke co., Oliio: 85 m. W. 
Columbus. 

Seven Mile Pu,«p, sta., Charleston co., S. Car. : on the 
South Carolina R. R., 7 m. N. Charleston, and 112 S. E. 
Columbia. 

Seventy Seven, p. v., Johnston co., la. : on the E. side 
of the Iowa r., 14 m. S. Iowa City. 

Seventy Sis, p. v., Clinton co., Kij. : on Indian creek, 
07 m. S. Frank forL 

Seventy Six, p. o., Beaver Co., Pmn. : ISl m. W. by N. 
Harrisburg. 

Seven Valleys, p. o., York county, Penn. : 13 m. 8. 
Harrisburg. 

Severn river, Anne Arundel co., 3fd. : rises In several 
creeks, a little N. of the centre of the co.. and alter the union 
of these, spreads into a long and wiile inlet of Chesapeake 
bay, into which it falls, between Oreenbury and Talley's 
points, opposite Kent Island. Annapolis, the State capital, 
is located in a projecting headland near its mouth. 
7S2 



SHA 

Sevier county. Ark. Situate S. W.. anrl contains I.IOS 
sq. in. Drained by Cosselose, S.iline, and Riilling creeks, 
branches ofNorth Little river, a tributary of Red river, which 
forms its western boundary. Surface level : soil in general 
fertile, and adapted to cotton, which is the chief production. 
Farms 326; manuf. 4; dwell. 5(10, and pop.— wh. 2,S36, fr. 
col. 32, si. 1,372— total 4,240. Ciipittil : Paraelifla. 

Seviee county, Tenn. Situate E., and conlniuH 526 sq. m. 
Drained by tributaries of Tennessee river. Surface uneven 
and broken ; soil generally fertile, and produces wheat, In- 
dian corn, and cotton. Pork is exported largely. On the 
S. E. is Smoky Mountain. Farms 531; manuf. 12; ilwell. 
1.071, and pop.— wh. 6,451, fr. col. 66, si. 403— total C,920. 
Cttpital : Sevier. 

Seviee. p. v. and cap. Sevier co., Tenn. : between the E. 
and W. forks of Little Pigeon r., 20S m. E. by S. Nashville. 
It contains a court-bouse, jail. etc. 

Seville, p. o., Madison county, Vlrg. : 72 miles N. W. 
Richmond. 

Seward, L and p. v., Schoharie co., N'. T. : 6 m. S. fl-om 
Sharon Springs, and 45 m. W. by N. Albany. Drained by 
CobMesklll er.. which passes through It in a S. direction. 
Surface high and undul.iting; soil in general good. Cob- 
bleskill cr. affords excellent hydraulic power, and there are 
several grist and saw mills : but the mannfaclures are few, 
as 18 the case throughout the county. Pop. 2,203. 

Seward's Point, p. v.. Montgomery Co., III. : on the West 
fork of Shoal cr., 83 m. S. Springfleld. 
Sewee, p. o., Meig's co., Tenn. : 114 m. 9. E. Nashville. 
Sewell Mountain, p. v., Fayette CO., Virs/.: 185 m. 
W. by N. Richmond. 

Sewellsville, p. 0., Belmont co., Olilo: 103 m. W. A 8. 
Columbus. 

Sewickley, sta., Alleghany co., Pann.: on the Ohio and 
Pennsylvania R. R., 12 m. W. by N. Pittsburg and 26S m. 
by railroad W. from Harrisburg. 

Sewickly B0TT0.M, p. o., Alleghany co., Penn, : 161 m. 
W. Harrisburg. 

Sextons, p. v., Boone co.. Mo. : on the right bank of 
Rocheperee r., 33 m. N. by W. Jefferson City. 

Se.xton's Creek, p. v.. Clay county, Ky. : on a stream so 
called, 61 m. S. E. Frankfort. 

Sr.xTONViLLE, p. 0., Richland co., ITiSC. ; 61 m. W. N.W. 
Madison. 

Seymour, t., p. v., and sta.. New Haven co., amn. : on 
both sides of Naugaluck r., 85 m. S. W. by S. Hartford, 
11 m. N. W. New Haven. The v., formerly Humphreys- 
ville, is an important manufacturing place, containing 1 
copper-rolling mill (one of the largest in the United States), 
1 car manufactory with 6 shops, 1 large tool factory, 1 fouu- 
drv, 8 paper factories, 3 auger do., 1 axe do., 1 power-loom 
silii do., 1 forge-hammer shop, with other mechanio shops 
—the whole employing about 450 hands, ami producing an- 
nually nearly $1,500,000. The water-power derived from 
the Naugatuck is very great, not more than one-half of 
which is now used. The v. also contains a bank and 4 
churches. The Naugaluck E. K. passes through the v., 
20 m. from Bridgeport, 42 m. from Winsted, and has greatly 
advanced its prosperity. Pop. of t. 1.677. 

Shade mountains, Penn. : a ridge of the ,\lleghany chain, 
extending from Bedford county, through Ilunlington into 
Mifflin county, a distance of 40 miles. 

Shade Furnace, p. o.. Somerset CO., Penn. : in the v. of 
Slovstown, 107 m. W. Harrisburg. A furnace of 1,400 tons, 
annunl capacity is located here. 

Shade Gap, p. o., Huntingdon county, Penn. : 57 m. W. 
Harrisburg. 

SnADE Mill, p. 0., Alleghany co., .IW. .' on a branch of 
Yomrlilogeny r.. 145 m. W. N. W. Annapolis. 

Shadewell, p. o. and sta., Albemarle Co., Virg. : on the 
Virginia Central R. R., 93 in. W. N. W. Richmond. 

Shady, p. o., Johnson county, Tenn. : 275 m. E. by N. 
Nashville. 



SHA 



SRA 



SnADT Dalb, p. o., Jasper county, Ga.: 31 m. N. W. 
Milk'dgeville. 

Shady Grove, p. c, Union co., Ga. : 132 m. N. N. "^V. 
Miliedgeville. 

Shady Gbovp:, p. v.. Dallas county, Mo.: at the head of 
Greasy or.. SS m, S. S, W. JelTerson I'ity. 

Shady Grove, p. v., Gil>snn co.. Temi. : on Eutherford 
fork of Obinn r., lOS m. "W. by S. Nashville. 

Shady Grovk, p. o., Franklin co., Virg. : 126 m. S. W. 
Eichmnnd. 

Shady Grove, p. o., ■\Va9hin2;tf'n par., La. : 67 m. N. E. 
Baton Kimge. 

Shady Hill, p. o., Henderson co., Tenn. ; lOS m.W. S.W. 
Nashville. 

Shady Spring, p. o., llaleigh county, Virg. : 2V) m. W. 
Eiehmond. 

Shaefferstown, p. v., Lebanon co., Penn.: 31 m. E. 
ITarrisburg. It contains several churches, stores, work- 
shops, etc. 

Shaftsbury, t. and p. v., Benntns:lon co., Venn. : 97 m. 
S. W. Monfpelier. Drained by Iributaries of the Batten- 
kill and AVallonmsaek rivers, wliich affonl power for sev- 
eral small matiufaetiTies. Surface elevated ; soil fertile. 
■West Mountain bes parlly in this town. Valuable beds of 
iron ore. pine timber, and a fine quality of while raarlile 
are found here. The Weslerti Vtrninnt R. R. passes through 
the vill:i2:e. 49 m, S. by W. Rutland. ?op. of t. 1,S96. 

Shakf.r Village, p. v., Merrimac co., N'. Uamp, : 13 ra. 
N. Concord. Se£ Wateiivlif.t. 

Shakf.r Village, sla.. Berkshire county, Mass.: on the 
TVestern R. R.. 121 m. W. N. W. Bf>ston. 

Shakf.lford's, p. o., King and Queen co., Virg. : 33 m. 
N. E. Eichm.^nd. 

Shaler's Mills, p. o., Knox county, Ohio: 42 m. N. E. 
Columbus. 

Shalersville. t and v.. Portage co., Ohio : 123 m. N. E. 
Cohinibus. Drained by C'uyahnga r. Surface uneven : soil 
fertile. The v. is E. of the Cuyahoga r. pop. of 1. 1.100. 

Shat.lotte. p. v.. Brunswick co., A' A//'. ; at the head of 
Shallotte inlet of the Atlantic Ocean, 127 miles S. Raleigh. 
Pop. 903. 

Shallow Ford, p. o., Orange co., N. Car. : 39 m. N. "W. 
Raleigh. 

Shamokin, t. and p. v., Northumberland county, Pain. : 
40 m. N. by E. Ilarrisburg. Drained by Shamokin creek. 
Surface uneven, in parts hilly; soil ftrtilo. A Jar n ace 
located here, nioverl by sti^ain, has an annual capacity of 
3,500 tons. .Vmcnmt of enal sent from the mines to Phila- 
delphia (in 1S49) was 19,658 tons. The railroad from Potts- 
ville to Danville and fo Sunbury pass through the t The 
V. contains several mills, \vorkshops. etc. 

Shamokin creek, Pemi. : rises in the Mahony Mountain:^, 
flows W. in a circuitous course 30 m., and empties into the 
Susquehanna r. 2 m. below Sunbury. 

Silamony, p. v., Burlington co., iV. Ji^r. : on both sides 
of a branch of Atsion r., 30 m. S. Trenton. 

Shamrock, p. v.. Callaway co.. Mo. : on a fork of Loulre 
river, 41 m. N. E. JefTerson City. 

Shamrock Milt,s, p. o., "Wiishington county, R. 1. : 27 m. 
S. W. Provi'leuce. 

SuANANDOAH, p. o., Richl.aud CO., Ohio: 49 m. N. by E. 
Columbus. 

Shandakrn. t and p. o.. ITister co., J^. Y. : 48 m. S. 'W. 
Albany. Drained on the N. and E. by Esopua cr., on tlie 
S. by Neversink r, and on the W. by the E. branch nf the 
Delaware r. Surface mountainous, being covered in the 
greater part by tlie Catskill Mountains; soil of inferior 
quality. It has good hy<lraulie power, and contains some 
manufactories, several mills, etc. Pop. 2.809. 

Shanes' Crossings, p. o., Mercer co., Ohio: 99 m. N. 'W. 
Columbus. 

SnAN-EsvTLLE, p. o., Bcrks county, Pen7i, : 50 m. E. by N. 
Harrisburg. 



Shanesville, p. v., Tu.'ii-arawas co., <>liii>: on W. side 
Sugar cr.,77 m. N. E. Columbus. It contain:* several work- 
shops and 3s2 inhabitants. 

Shasesville, p. v.. Somerset co„ Penn. : IdS m. W. by S. 
Harrisburg. Inm ori* is found in Ihe vicinity. 

Shannon county. J/i.. Situate toward the S., and con- 
tains 7MI sq. UL Curnnt river p:is?e3 through tbe co. from 
N. W. to S. E., by which ami its numerous branches it is 
drained. Surface undulating; soil f.-rtlle. It is a tine min- 
eral CO., and there are extensive beds of in^i ami mpper 
ores of a superior quality. It is parlly timtien-d. Farms 
152: manuf. 0; dwell. 204, and pop.— wh. 1,11)0, fr. col. 0, 
si. 9— total 1,199. CapiUtl: Eminence. 

Shannon, p. o., Muskingum county, Ohio: 51 miles E. 
Columbus. 

Shannon Hill, p. v., Goochland co., Virg. : 411 m. N. W. 
liiehmond. 

Sn-VNNoy.-;, p. o., Montgomery co.,71',a ; 133 m. E. Austin 
City. 

Shannonville, p. v., Montgomery co., Penn. : 90 m. E. 
Harrislmrg. 

Shai'leioh, t. and p. v., York county. Me : "9 m. S. "W. 
Augusta. It is separated from Acton by two ponrN. tho 
source of Mou^nm r., by which the t. is drained. Surface 
level ; soil fertile, and it is a good farming t. Bog iron ore 
is found here, and there are iron works and other manufac- 
tures. The V. is centrally situated. Pop. oft. 1,34S. 

Shark IIiver, p. v.. Ocean county, N. Jer. : on Jumping 
brook of Shark r., 36 m. E. Trenton. 

SiiAiiKTOWN, v.. Queen Anne co., M<i.: a settlement on 
Kent Island, 12 m. E. Annapolis. 

Sharon, p. v.. Chambers co.. Ala. : on a br.anch of Talla- 
poosa r., 57 m. N. E. Montgomery. 

Sharon, 1. and p. v., LitehfieM county. Conn. .■ on the "W. 
side of Housatonic r., 40 m. W. by N. Ilarlford. Drained 
by a number of .small streams, tributaries of the Housatonic 
river. Surface various, in parts mountainous and rocky; 
soil of average fertility, and agriculture is the chief pursuit 
of the inhabitants. It is connected with Cornwall by sev- 
eral l>ri'lces spanning the Housatonic. The v. is located 
principally on one street on the E. side of a pleasant valley, 
and contains many fine buildings. The manufactures con- 
sist of cotton, iron, leather, Ilour, lumber, etc. This t. took 
an active part in the war of the Revolution. Populatiou 
of t. 2,517. 

Sharon, p. v., Whitesides ca, Ifl.: oh the S. boundary 
of CO., 3 m. S. of Rock r.^ and 123 m. N. by W. Springfield. 

Sharon, t. and p. v.. Norfolk co., JAr.s-.s-. .■ 16 m. S. by "W. 
Boston. Drained by Neponset r., which has ils source in 
Mashapoag Pond in this t Surface hilly; soil fertile, and 
much grain is raised. It has good water-power, and is 
much improved by several manufactories. The manufac- 
lures consist of woolen and cotton eoods, axes, bedsteads, 
straw goods, leather, m.achinery. joiners' tools, etc. The 
Boston and Providence R. R. passes through the v., 17 m, 
S. by W. Boston. Pop. of t. I.13S. 

Sharon, t. and p. o., Washtenaw co.. 3fich. : 41 m. S. E. 
Lansing. Drained by Raisin r.. which crosses ils S. part. 
The poil is very fertile, and the products in wheat, rye, and 
corn are large. Pop. S69. 

Sharon, p. v., Appanoose co., /(/..- on the left bank of 
Chariton r., S7 m. S. W. Iowa Cliy. 

Sharon, p. v., Madison co.. Miss.: on a branch of Big 
Black r.. .S3 in. N. N. E. Jackson. 

Sharon, t. and p. v.. Schoharie co.. y. Y. : 46 m. W. by N 
Albany. Drained by Bowman's creek and branch of Scho- 
harie cr. Surface high and undulating, resting upon lime- 
stone, which in some places makes its appearatu-e in the 
form of caverns, and displaying interestinir stratifications. 
This t. contains the celebrated mineral spring, j-o calh-d C'-ve 
Sharon SpRiXfiV The v. is in S. E. of town, and contains 
several spacious hotels, and has some manufactures, mills, 
etc. Pop. of t 2,632. 

7dS 



SHA 



Shakos, p. o., Mecklenburg co., X. Car. : 121 m. S. VT. 
Ealeigh. 
SiiiEON, p. v., Noble en., Okin : 75 m. E. by S. Columbus. 
Shaeox, p. v., Mercer oo., I'eun. : on the left bank of 
Bhenango cr., 19S m. W. N. W. Harrisburg. There are two 
furnaces near Ihe v., one of 2,000 tons, and the other 1.600 
tons annual capacity, boUi operated by steam. The Beaver 
and Erie Canal passes near the village. Pop. 541. 

Sharon, t. and p. v., Windsor Co., Venn. : 48 m. P. by E. 
Monlpelier. Drained by While r., which passes through, 
affording excellent water-power. Surface much broken, 
but the soil is fertile and well cultivated. The manufacture 
of woolen goods, paper, etc., is carried on to some extent 
here. The v. is on White r., and the Vermont Central E. It. 
passes through it, 50 m. S. by E. Montpelier. Pop. of 1. 1.240. 
SuAEON. p. v., Wythe co., nrg. : at the source of North 
fork, Holston r., 212 m. W. by S. Eichmond. 

SUAEOS, I. and p. v., Walworth CO., Wise. : 51 m. S. E. 
Madison. Drained by branches of Ttirtle cr. The land is 
excellent, and highly cultivated, and good water-power. 
The V. is in the E. part. Pop. of 1. 1.169. 

Shaeox Cestee, p. 0., Schoharie county, iV. T. : 47 m. 
W. by N. Albany. 

Shaeox Cestke. p. v., Medina co., Ohio: on Wolf cr., 
99 m. N. E. Columbus. It contains an academy, several 
shops, etc. 

Shaeon Ce.\tbe, p. v., Potter co., Perm.: 127 m. N. W. 
Harrisburg. 

Suaeon' Si-rings, p. v., Schoharie co., iV. T. : near the 
boundary line of Schoharie, Otsego, and Montgomery coun- 
ties, 40 m. W. by N. Albany. It is located on an eminence, 
surrounded by numerous caverns of much interest. Near 
Ihe V. are the celebrated Sharon Springs, greatly resembling 
the White Sulphur Springs of Virginia, and are highly effi- 
cacious in rheumatic, dyspeptic, and other complaints. 
There are two springs, the sulphur and magnesia, situated 
at the foot of a bill, about a half mile N. of the turni>ike 
road. These waters have a« exhilarating effect on tho 
spiriU, invigorating the system, and in many respects pos- 
sess medicinal and healing qualities unsurpassed by any 
other in the country. They are much resorted to during the 
sttmmer months, and there is a commodious hotel here, 
called the Parillion, which is usu.ally thronged with visitors. 
From an .inalysis. made by Dr. Chilton, of New York, the 
result from one gallon of this water is : sulphate of mag- 
nesia, grs., 42.40 ;' sulphate of lime, 111.62: chloride of 
8odiuro,'2.21 ; chloride of magnesium, 2.40 ; hydrosulphuret 
of sodium, hydrosulphuret of calcium, and vegetable ex- 
tractive matter, 2.24; total grs., 160.94. SiUphuretted hy- 
drogen gas, 16 cubic inches. 

Shaeontiele. p. v., Hamilton CO., Ohio: on a branch of 
Mill cr., 8T m. S. W. Columbus. 

Shaeonville, p. o., King William oo., Hrf. ; 21 m. N. E. 
Eichmond. 

Shaepe-s Stoek, p. v., Lowndes eo., ffo. : on the hue of 
Ihe Brunswick and Florida K. E., 151 m. S. MiUedgcvilIe. 

Shaepesvilee, p. v., Montgomery county, Ala. : 12 m. S. 
Montgomery. 
SHARPSBtiEG, p. v., Bath CO., Kij. : 54 m. E. Frankfort. 
Shaepsbbeg, p. v., Washington CO., Md. : a little W. of 
Antietam r., 72 m. N. W. Annapolis. 

Sbaepsbeeg, p. v., Marion co., Mo. : on the 8. boundary 
of the CO., 73 m. N. by E. Jefferson City. 

Sbaepseeeg, p. v., Alleghany co., Pfnn.: on the right 
bank of the Susquehanna r., 7 m. above Pittsburg, and 
165 m. W^ by N. Harrisburg. It is a considerable mauufao- 
luring place, and much trade is carried on here. Pop.1,229. 
Sharp's Fork, p. o.. Athens co., Ohio: 03 m. S.E. Columbus. 
Sharp's Miet.s. p. o., Harrison CO., Tiid. : on the lett bank 
of Green Bank r.. 101 m. S. Indianapolis. 

SuAEPSHiN Point, Chittenden Co., Verm.: a high, rocky 
point, on the N. side of Burlington bay, about a mile and a 
quarter from the S. wharf in Burlington. 
ISi 



SHA 

SnAEPTOw-N, p. v., Somerset co.. Mil. : on the left side of 
Nanticoke r., 53 m. S. E. Annapolis. 

SiiAPJ-rowN, p. v., Salem Co., K.Jer.: is a manufacturing 
place, on the right bank of Salem r., 49 m. S. \V. Trenton. 

SiiABTEEsviLLE, p. v., Berks couiity, Penn. : 43 m. N. E. 
Harrisburg. 

SuASTE county, Calif. Situate N., and contains about 
4,800 sq. in. Bounded on tho W. by the Coast Eango, and 
on the E. by the Sierra Nevada. The S. boundary is a liuo 
on the parallel of Eed Bluff, the head of navigation in tho 
Sacramento river, and its N. boundary the line of the new 
county of Siskiyou, in lat. 41° '30'. The Sacramento runs 
directly through it from the north, and it is drained by its 
tributaries — Pitt river. Lower ami Ark creeks, from the E., 
and Salt, Clear, Dry, Cottonwood, and Sandy creeks, from 
the W.. all rising from the mountains. Surface, except in 
the immediate valley of the S.icramento, hilly and broken; 
but there is a vast amount of fine agricultural land in the 
county, of which, in 1S52, only 903 acres were under cidti- 
vation. There are many springs strongly impregnated n ith 
miner.ils. of which the Soda Springs, near the Sacramento, 
and 00 m. N. of ShastS City, are the most celebrated ; and 
there are 12 or 15 salt springs, which would produce salt 
sufficient for the whole Slate. Not a river, creek, gulch, or 
ravine that does not contain gold, and mining is extensively 
carried on. The capital invested in quartz mining, in 1852, 
was $94,700 ; in placer mining, lt90,950 ; and in other mining 
operations, .$92,800. The total industrial capital of the county 
was *95S,500. The principal mining localities are French 
gulch. Mad Mule Cation, Mad Ox Canou,Wliiskey creck.One- 
Ilorse Town, One-Mule Town, Clear creek. Grizzly gulch, 
and Middletown. About 2,000 men were engaged in mining, 
and the annual product had been $2,492,000. Pop. 4,050— 
wh. 3,700 : males 3.44S, and females 262 ; negroes 4S— males 
45, and females 3; mulattoes 12— males 10, and females 2; 
Indians 73— males 62, and females 21 : foreign residents S2S 
—males 814, and females 14. Over 21 years of age— Amer- 
icans 2.547, negroes 46, mulattoes 9, Indians 59, and foreign- 
ers 792. Capital : Shasl6 City. 

Sn.\6TE CiTv. p. v., and cap. Shastt co., Calif. : Is located 
in low hills, a little W. of the Sacramento r., 160 m. from 
San Francisco, .and 120 m. N. from Vallejo. It is a place 
of considerable importance, being the terminus of land car- 
riage, and a starting-place for packers to Oregon. There is 
a bank here, and considerable money is in circulation. 
Mines aie numerous in the vicinity, every stream (of which 
there are many) containing more or less gold. Salt springs 
are also found. Pop. 1,000. 
SuAtrcE's, p. o.. Morrow co., Ohio: 87 m. N. Columbus. 
SHAU.MBUBG, p. v.. Cook couHly, Jll.: 172 m. N. E. 
Springfield. 

Shaver's Cp.eek, p. o., Huntingdon CO., Penn. : 59 m.'W. 
Hiirrisburg. There is a forge and rolling mill here, the 
former made (in 1S50) 475 tons blooms, and the latter 150 
tons boiler and sheet iron, both moved by water-power. 

SiiAVEETOws, p. v., Delaware Co., X. V. : on the S. side 
of the E. branch of the Delaware r., 71 m. S. W. Albany. 

SiiAWANAw county, in.sc. Situate E. of tho centre, and 
contains S2S sq. m. Drained by Wolf r. and its branches. 
Surface varied ; soil in parts fertile. Set off recently from 
sMiIhcrn portion of Oconto county. 

SiiAWANorNK, t. and p. v., Ulster county. A'! T.: 74 m. 
S. by W. Albany. Drained by Shawangnnk cr. and Wall- 
kill. The surface in general is mountainous, the Shawan- 
gnnk Mountains covering the principal portion — on the E. 
gently undulating; soil pleasantly diversified, and on the 
K. highly productive and good timber. Grain is raised in 
large (luantities, but more attention is paid to the rearing 
of cattle and to the dairy. A number of skeletons of the 
mastodon have been found in this town and the vicinity. 
The V. is on a branch of the W.allkill, and lumber, flour, 
cotton, and woolen goods are manufactured. Population 
, of L 4,036. 



SHA 

Shawangunk mountains, N. Y. : a continuation of the 
Allogtiany chain, extending from ihe Delaware r., in Oranice 
county, Ibence through Sullivan eoanly to town of New 
Pallz, in Ulster county. On the E. they are well cultivated, 
but on the W. they are precipitous. Lead is found on tliem. 
Their greatest altitude is l.y66 feet. 

SiiA""NF.E, p. v., Niagara co., iV. Y.: 12 m. E. of Niagara 
Falls and 2y7 m. W. by N. Albany. 

SnAwsKR, p. u., Monroe county, Penn.: 91 m. N. E. 
Harrisburg. 

SnuvjiEK creek, Ind.: rises in the N; E. corner of Mont- 
gonuTv county, runs W. througli Fountain county, and 
flows into the Wabash r., 10 m. above Covington. It is a 
\*aluable mill-stream, never failing, and the mills erected on 
It, and water-power that may still be used, will compare 
favorably with any part of the State. 

SuAwsEK Mood, p. o., Tippecanoe county, /tk?.; 61 m. 
N. W. Indianapolis. 

Shawnee Peairie, p. o.. Fountain co., Ind. : S. E. of 
the WahasU r., 61 n:. N. W. Indiatmpolig. It is situated on 
Uie border of a large and rich prairii* so called, mostly well 
cultivatni, the soil of which is favorable for wheat, corn, 
(ind irrass. 

SiiA\vNEETOWN,.p. V., Gallatin co., 7"?^, : on the Ohio r., 
!1 nj. below the mouth of the Wabash and 164 m. 8. E. 
from Springfield. Its situation, though pleasant looking, is 
low and liable lo inundation. As a place of trade this is 
among the largest in southern Illinois. There is a paved 
levee here, almost as long as the one at Cincinnati, Ohio. 
A hog slaughtering and packing establishment, owned by 
Messrs. O. Poole & Co., is quite an important feature, hav- 
ing fa'-iliiies for hanging up 1,000 hogs per day. Tobacco 
is raised in considerable quantitiea, 800 hogsheads of which 
was shipped to different parts in 1S.52. Iron ore and coal 
is abundant on the river bant. The manufactnre of salt is 
extensively carried on at the United States Saline, on the 
Saline cr.. 12 m. in the interior, and a niilroad is in course 
' f construction to connect them with this place. A United 
States land office is. located here. The "Southern Illinois 
Advocate" is a weekly (dem.) issue. Pop. 1.7G4. 

SuAw's Mills, p. v., Guilford county, A". Car. : 71 m. 
■VT. by N. Ealeigh. 
SuAwsviLLE. p.v.jHarford co.,Md,: 45 m.N, Annapolis. 
SnAWsviLLE. p. v., Montgomery county, Virr;. : 159 m. 
"W. S. W. Richmond. 

Shawsville, p. 0., Broome county, IT. Y. : 104 m. S. W. 
Albany. 

Shearees Cross IioAT>s, p. c, Westmoreland co., Penn. : 
12ii ra. W. Harrisburg. 

Soeuovgan county, Wf^c. Situate E. toward the S., and 
mnlains 575 sq. m. Drained by Sheboygan r. and its aiHu- 
rnta. and tribniaries of Milwaukie r. Surface nndulatini:; 
- .il fertile. It js bounded on the E. by Lake Michigan. 
Farms 32S : mannf. 29; dwell. 1.7S-3, and pop.— wh. S,^71. 
fr. col. 7— total S,37S. Capital: Sheboygan. PuUicWorks : 
Chicago. Milwaukie, and Green Bay P. R, 

SnFiioyr.AN, p. v., and cap. Sheboygan co.. Wise: on 
Lake Michigan, at the month of Sheboygan r., OS m. N. E. 
Madison. It contains a cour[-hou5e,jaiI,ptc.. and has some 
trade. The exports during the year IHS amounted to 
J12,l!»l. and the imports for same year $571,800, maUinir a 
total of :^^S.S,991. It is surrounded by a well caltivated and 
flourishing country. 

Sheboygan river, W^c. : rises near Winnebago lakf. 
Fond du Lac co.. passes through a small lake in tlio N. W. 
part of Sheboygan county, and proceeding eastwardly in a 
winding course, flows into Lake Michigan at ShebovL'an. 

SHrnoYOAN Falls, t. and i>. o., Sheboygan eo., Wise. : 
9\ m. N. E. Madison. Drained by the Sheboygan r. and 
branches; soil fertile, and well cultivated. 

SnETt's Ckossisg, sta., Middlesex county, Mass. : on the 
Lowell and Lawrence E. K., 8 m. E. Lowell nad 21 m. 
N. by W. Boston- 

50 



SHE 

SrrEKi-sroT river, Me. : rises by two branciie.^ in ponds 
in Palermo, Waldo county, flows S. througli the towns of 
Wbitefii-Id and Alva, meets the tide-water between Wiscas- 
sett and New Castle, in Lincoln county, and empties into a 
bay of the same name. Its length from the source to the 
bay is 35 m., and it is valuable for its hydraulic power and 
navigable facilities. 

SuEEPscoT bay, Lincoln co., J/^.; sets up from the sea 
between Booth bay and Georgetown, and receive? the 
waters of the river so called. It is about 3 m. wide at its 
mouth and extends 10 m. N. The mouth -of the bay is 
about 6 m. N. E. from the light at tlie mouth of Kennebec 
river. 

SiiERPScoT Bridge, p. v., Lincoln co., 3£e. : on the left 
bank of Sheepscot r., 25 ra. S. E. Augusta. 

Sheet/. Mills, p. v., Ilampshire co., Virg. : on the S. 
branch of Potomac r., 145 m. N. N. W. Eichmoml. It is a 
small village,, has excellent water-power and several mill- 
seats. 

SnEFFfELn, p. v., Fayette co., Ala. : on North r. branch 
of Black Warrior, 123 m. N. W. Montgomerj'. 

SnEFi'iKi.D, p. v., Newton co., Ga. : on a branch of the 
Oemulgee r.. 65 m. N. W. MiHedgeville. 

SnKFKiELD, t. and p. v., Berkshire co., MaM.: 119 m. 
S. W. by W. Boston. The IFousatonic r. flows through the 
town, by which and Us branches it is drained. Surface gen- 
erally level, but in parts hilly; soil alluvial and very fertile, 
and excellent water-power is derived from the streams. 
This is the oldest town in the county; it was incorporated 
in 17^3. The chief pursuit of the people is agriculture, but 
the;re are also manufactories of leather, hats, farming uten- 
sils, spirits, lumber, etc. The village is neatly laid nut on 
one extended street, on a plain surrounded by hills, one of 
which is 3.000 feet high, and contains some neat manaiohs. 
The Ilousatonic P.. E. passes through the village, 31 m. 9. 
Pitlsfleld and 79 m. N. Bridgeport, Conn. Jnm ore and 
marble of a superior quality are found in the town. Popu- 
lation of t. 2,769. 

SnEFFiELD, t and p. o., Lorain co., Ofdo: 107 m. N. N. K 
Columbus. Lake Erie washes its N. border. D/aiued by 
Black r., which is navigable to near the centre of the town. 
Sorface moderately uneven ; soil fertile, adapted to grain. 
It contains an academy, conducted on the manual labor 
principle, several other places of instruction, mills, work- 
shops, etc. Pop. 90S. 

SHKFFrELi>, t. and p. o., Warren co., Penn. : 148 m. N. W. 
Harrisburg. Drained by Teonista cr. and branches, from 
which is derived excellent mill-power. Surface various; 
soil in some parts fertile. It has several manufactories. 
The proposed route of the Sunbury and Erie E. E. passes 
through this town. 

S^E^TIELD, i. an<i p. v., Caledonia co., Perm. ; 36 m. N. E, 
Monlpelier. Drained by branches of the Passimisic and 
Barton rivers, hiiving their sources in several ponds here. 
Surface elevated and much broken; soil of an inferior qual- 
ity. The village is located on a branch of Passumsic r. 
Pop. of t. 797. 

SnE^T^ELD Lake, p. o., Lorain CO., Ohio : lOS m. N. N. E. 
Columbus. 
SiiEHOLA, p. o., Pike CO.. Penn. : 121 m. N. E. Harrisburg." 
Sheilvii.le. p. v., Hamilton co., Ind. : 31 m. N. Indian- 
apolis. The Peru and Indianapolis E. E. passes near this 
village. 

SnELBniNE, t and p. v., Coos eo., N. Hamp. : on both 
sides of the Androscoggin r., 81 m. N. by E. Concord. 
Drained by the Ahdroscoggin and its tributaries. Battle r. 
and other small streams. Surface various, in parts moun- 
tainous, having a part of Mount Moriah, an elevated peak 
of the White MounUuns, in the S., and on the S. side of Ihe 
river, in the centre, is Moses' Rock, 60 feet high and 90 feet 
long, very smooth, and rising in an angle of nearly h(P. 
Incorporated in 1S20- Soil along the rivers is fertile, but 
otherwise of an inferior quality. Chief pursuits of the peo- 

7;>5 



SHE 



SHE 



pie are agricultarul. The AUantic aod St. Lawrence K> K. 
pasaes through the village, 36 m. S. E. Northumberland. 
Pop. of t. 4S0. 

SHELBtrr.NE, t, p. v., and sta., Chittenden county, VerTTJ. : 
bordering on Lake Champlain, 33 m. W. by N. Montpelier. 
Drained by La Plalte r., aflfordiug excellent water-power. 
A pond covering 600 acres is also in this town. Surface on 
the lake shore is level, otherwise uneven ; soil in general 
fertile. A fine harbor is formed by Shelburne bay, which 
sets up into Uie town, 4 m. from the lake, in a S. W. direc- 
tion. The vitlage is located on the border of the lake, and 
the Rutland and BurUngton R. 11. passes through ihe town, 
on which is the sta., 6 miles S. Burlington. Population of 
town 1,25T, 

Shelburnk, t. and p. o., Franklin county, Mass. : 87 m. 
N. W. by W. Boston. Bounded on the W. and 9. W. by 
Deerfleld r., which in its course has a fall of 50 feet in 40 
rods, producing immense hydraulic power. Surface various ; 
soil fertile, and much wool is grown, and dairy produce 
raised. It has some manufactures of leather, lumber, etc. 
Pop. of 1. 1,239. 

SnELBTTENE Falls, p. v., Fmnklin co., Ma^x. : on the letl 
bank of Deerfield r., 89 m. N. W. by W. Boston. It is a 
neat village, surrounded by a rich agricultural country, and 
contains besides several fine buildings, a well-endowed 
academy. 

SaELBY county, Ala, Situate centrally, and contains 993 
sq. m. Cahawba r. -flows through the W. portion, by which 
and its branches, and branches of Coosa r., which forms its 
E. boundary, it is drained. Surface generally level, in parts 
hilly; soil fertile. It has some good beds of eoal. an<i tim- 
ber is abundant. Farms 693; manuf. 9; dwell. 1,1T0, and 
pop.— wh. 7,153, fr. col. 7, si. 2,376— total 9.0:>6. C'apitul: 
Cdlumbiaua. Public Works: Alabama and Tennessee 
River R. R. 

Shelbv county, HI. Situate 8. centrally, and contains 762 
sq. m. Kaskaskia r. passes centrally through it, by which 
and its affluents, and by branches of S. fork of Sangamon 
r., it is drained. Surface level ; soil in general fertile and 
very productive. Staples, wheat and Indian corn. Pork is 
exported largely. FarirtsSSl; manuf. 7; dwell. 1,411^ and 
pop.— wh. 7.762, fr. col. 45— total 7,807. Capital : Shelby- 
viUe. Public Wovk\<i: Terre Haute and Alton K. E.; Cen- 
tral R. E. ; Chicago Branch of Central R. R. 

Shelby county, Ind. Situate S. E. centrally, and contains 
42S sq. m. Drained by E. branch of Wliite r., Sugar cr.. 
Big and Little Blue rivers, and Flat Rock cr.. all wliich 
supply extensive water-power. Surface generally even ; 
soil fertile, and consists of a deep loam, with sand inter- 
mixed. Chief productions, wheat, Indian corn, sugar, and 
tobacco. Timber of excellent quality is found on the land. 
Farms 1.620; manuf. 59; dwelI.2,T21, and pop.— wh. 15,4S4, 
fr. coL IS— total 15,502. Capital: Shelbyville. PuUic 
Works : Shelbyville Lateral Branch R. E. ; Shelbyville and 
Nashville R. E. ; Shelbyville and Knightstown E. E. ; Law- 
renceburg and Upper Mississippi E. R. ; etc. 

Shelby county, In. Situate W. towani the S., and con- 
tains 576 sq. m. Drained by Boyer r. and branch of Nish- 
nabatona r. Surface level ; soil fertile, and adapted to grain. 
Set off since 1850. 

Shelby county, Ky. Situate N., and contains 426 sq, m. 
Drained by Ranches of Floyd's fork of Salt r. and its other 
numerous tributaries. Surface rolling; soil fc-rtile, and in 
parts very productive. Staples, wheat, Indi.an com, and 
tobacco. Farm8l,202; manuf. 132; dwell. 1.S03. and pop.— 
wh. 10,258, fr. col. 190, si. 6,617— total 17,095. Capital: 
Shelbyville. Public Works : Louisville and Frankfort R.R. ; 
Lexingtoh and Frankfort R. R. 

Shelby co.. Mo. Siiuate toward the N. E., and contains 
495 sq. m. Drained by N. fork of Salt r. and North Two 
Rivers, by which gond watir-power is supplied. Surface 
level; soil a flue <Ut'p ni-ild. and very fertile. It has some 
good timber land, and excellent pasturage for cattle. Farms 
786 



897; manuf. 14. dwell. 602, and jiop.— wh. 3,744, fr. col. II, 
sL 49S— total 4.258. Capital : Oakdale. 

Shelby county, Ohio. Situate W., and contains 46Ssq. m. 
Drained by Miami r. and its afiluenis. Surface rolling and 
pleasantly diversified; soil generally fertile. Chief produo 
tions, wheat and Indian corn. It exports a large quantity 
of pork and beef. Pine and other timber is found on the 
land. Farms 1,363; manuf. 26; dwell. 2,405, and pt)p.— 
wh. 13,634, fr. eol. 224— total 18,958. Capital: Sidney. 
Puhlic Works: Bellefontaine and Indiana R. R. ; Dayton 
and Michigan R. R. ; Miami Canal, etc. 

SuELBY county, Temi. Situate S. W., ami contains 910 
sq. m. Drained by Wolf, Loosahaichy, and Big rivers, all 
tril)Ularie3 of the Mississippi, which flows on its W. border. 
Surface level ; excepting the bluffs on the MissisiSippi ; soil 
fertile, and adapted to cotton and tobacco, wheat, and In- 
dian corn. It exports large quantities of beef and pork. It 
is well timbered. Farms 1.115; manuf. 129; dwell. 2.P2<i, 
and pop. wh. 16,591, fr. col. 206. si. 14,360- t-.tal 31.157. 
Capital: Raleigh. Pnhlic Wurks: Memphis and Charles- 
ton R. R. ; Memphis and Nashville R. R. 

Shelby county, Tex. Situate E., and contains 912 sq. ra. 
Drained by tributaries of Sabine r., which forms its eastern 
boundary. Surface'undulating and interspersed with prairie 
and limber land ; soil rich and very productive, and con- 
sists principally of a fine deep loam, with clay intermixed, 
the land on the Tenaha r. being remarkably fine and pro- 
dnctiv)*, and adapted to cotton, i'ine, ash. elm, and beacii 
arc the principal timber trees. Farms 3S0; manuf. 6; 
dwell. 5U0, and pop. — wh. 3,273, fr. col. 0, sl. 961— total 
4.239. Capitol: Shelbyville. 

Shelby, t. and. p. v., Orleans co., 2^. T. : 244 m. "W. by N. 
Albany. Drained by Oak Orchard cr. Surface even ; soil 
calcareous loam. The Erie Canal, and Rochester, Lock- 
port, and Niagara Falls R. R. cross its N. W. part. The v. 
has some manufactures, mills, etc. Pop. of L 3,082. 

Shelby, p. v., and cap. Cleveland co., N. Cir.: E. side 
First Broad river, 156 ni, W. by S. Raleigh. It cimtaius a 
court-house, jail, and other public buildiugSv several me- 
chanic shops, etc. A short diatance S. of the v. is a fine 
sulphurous mineral spring. 

Shelby, p. v., Richland co., Ohio: at the junction of the 
Cleveland, Columbus, and Cincinnati R. R. With the Mans- 
field and Sandusky, an(l Sandusky, Mansfitld, and Newark 
E. R., 67 m. S. W. Cleveland, 45 m. S. Sandusky City, and 
69 m. N. by E. Columbus. 

Shelby, p. o., Austin co., Tex. : 95 m. S. E. Austin City. 

Shelby Basin, p. v., Orleans co,, A1 1'. : on Ihe Erie 
Canal. 46 ni. E. Buffalo, and SIS m. W. by N. Albany., and 
near the line of the Rochester, Lockport, and Niagara Falls 
R. R. It is a small village. 

Shelby's Creek, p. o., Tippah co., Miss. : 175 m. N. N. E, 
Jackson. 

Shelby Springs, p. v., Shelby co.,Ala. : on a branch of 
Coosa r, 57 m. N. by \V. Montgomery. 

Shelbyville, p. v., and cap. Shelby eo.. III.: on the W. 
sido of the Kaskaskia r., 53 m. S. E. Springfield. It is situ- 
ated on high grounti, in the centre of a fertile and well-cul- 
tivated country, and cmtains a neat court-house, built of 
brick. 2 storifs high, surmounted by a cupola, other county 
buildings, etc. A copious sulphur spring is located here. 
The Allon and Terre Haute E. R. passes through the v. 

Shelbyville. p. v., and cap. Shelby co.^ Ind.: on the 
S- E. bank of Blue r., 26 m. S. InHhanapolis. It contains a 
court-house and jail, built of brick, stores of various kinds, 
a number of mechanic shops, 1S2 dwellings from two i.> 
three stories in height, some of which are of bri^^k, and 995 
inhabitants. The river is navigable to this place at high 
water, and affords exceUent waler-pctwer. The Shelbyville 
Lateral Branrh R. E., the Knightstown and Shelbyville 
E. E., and Ihe Rushville and Slielbyville E. R. all verge 
from Ih!s«p<.int. 16 m, N. K. from Edinburg, 20 m. fr^m 
Rushville, and 27 S. by W. trum Kniglitst()\vn. Taking inU) 



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consideration these railroad conneclions, this place will now 
increase rapidly in business and population. The *' National 
Volunteer" is a weekly issue. 

Shelbttille, p. v., and cap. Shelby co., Ky. : on Brash- 
er's cr. of Sail r., 21 m. W. Frankfort, It contains a court- 
house, jail, etc., and the Shelby College is located here, 
which in 1S50 contained 4 professors, 4 alumni, 44 students, 
ajid a library containing 300 volumes. The " Shelby News'' 
is a weekly v^hig) issue. Pop. about 800. 

SHELBrvii,LE, p. v., and cap. Shelby co., Mo. : on the left 
bank of Jock's cr. of Salt r., 84 m. N. Jefferson City. It is 
a small place, and contains a court-house, jail, etc. Pop- 
ulation Sol. 

SUELBTVII.LE, p. V., and cap. Bedford co., Temi.: on the 
right bank of Duck r., 4S m. S. by E. Nashville. It contains 
a cuurt-house, jail, and other public buildings, and a branch 
of the Bank of Tennessee is located here. The " Expos- 
itor*' is a weekly (polit.) issue. Pop. about SOO. 

SuELBYViLLE, p. V., and cap. Shelby co., Tex. : on S. side 
of Huana branch of Sabine river, on an elevated and fertile 
plain. 246 m. N. E. Austin City. It contains a court-house, 
jail, etc. 

SuELDox, t. and p. v., Franklin county, Venn.: 48 m. 
N. W. by N. Montpeiicr. The Missiaque r. divides the t, 
and with Black cr., its branch, drains it, and affords good 
hydraulic power. Its lands are good, producing grain, etc., 
in abundance. The v., on the Missisque r., is a thriving 
place, both in its manufactures and trade. Population 
of 1. 1,814. 

SnELDON, t. and p. v., "Wyoming co., IT. Y. : 244 m. "W. 
Albany. Drained by Tonawanda and Seneca creeks. 
Surface hilly; soil fertile, belter adapted to grazing than 
grain. Its manufactures consist in flour, lumber, leather, 
etc. The v. contains 2 chiu-ches. Pop. of t. 2,527. 

SoELDO^TiLLE, p. o., Norfolk CO., Mass. 

SaELDRAKE, p. o., Seneca co., 2^. Y. : 161 m. "W. Albany. ' 

Shell Mouxd. sta,, Marion co., 7ejij(. ; on the Nashville 
and Chattanooga li. K., ISO ni. S. E. Nashville. 

SnELL PoEsT, p. 0., Wakulla county, Flor. : 2i miles S. 
Tallahassee. 

Shelltowx, p. o., Ocean co., X. Jer. : on S. side of Cross- 
wick's cr.,12 m. S. E. by E. Trenton. Here is a Friends' 
meeting-house. 

Sbelocta. p. v., Indiana co., Petin. : on a fork of Crooked 
creek. 127 m. W. by N. Ilarrisburg. 

Shelter Island, t and p. o., SuETolk co., iV; Y.: 95 m. 
E. by N. New York city, and 244 ra. S. E. Albany, and di- 
rectly opposite Greenpnrt, the terminus of the Long Island 
Railroad, occupying ihe whole of the island so called, lyins 
between Great Peconic and Gardiner's bays. It is 6 miles 
long and 4 m. wide, and was first settled in. 1652. Surface 
uneven; soil, though in general inferior, has some fertile 
parts. There is a ship channel around the island, and a 
ferry connects it with Southold, 120 rods distant. Pop. 3S6. 

SnELTONTiLLE, p. c, Fofsytli county, Ga. : 95 m. N. W. 
M i lied gevi lie. 

SnENANDOAH countv, VJrff, Situate toward the N.. and 
contains 3S6 sq. m. Drained by N. fork uf Shenandoah r. 
Surface uneven and mountainous; soil various, in some 
parts very fertile. Chief product'^, wheat and Indian com. 
Farms 554; manuf 7; dwell. 2,14:3, and pop.— wh. 12,595, 
fr. col. 263, si. 911— total 13,768. CapiUtl: "Woodstock. 
Public Woi-ks: Manassas Gap R. E. 

Shenani)Oah, p. v., Duchess co., iVl Z : 10 m. E. from 
Fishkil! Landing, 70 m. S. Albany. 

SHEyA>-DOAn river, Virg. : is a large S. branch of Poto- 
mac r.. formed from its S. branch, which rises in Augusta 
CO., and the N. branch, which rises in Eockingham co., and 
flows along the "W. side of the Blue ridge, and parallel to 
the S. branch, until near their confluence in "Warren en., 
whence the united stream flows N. E. to its jnnction with 
Potomac r., near its passage through the Blue ridge at Har- 
per's Ferry. 



SuENANDOAU Ikon Woeks, p. o., Page CO., Virg.: S3 m. 
N. "W. Richmond. 

StTEPAUG river, Conn. : a branch of the Housatonic, en- 
tering it at Southbury from the N., afl'ording good water- 
power. 

SnEPnERD's Geote, p. o., Culpepper co., Vtrg. : 66 m. 
N. N. W. Eiehmond. 

SnEPiiERDSTOwN. p. V., Bclmont co., Ohio: on E. side of 
a branch of "Wheeling creek, 105 miles E. by N. Columbus. 
Pop. 90. 

SuEPHERDSTOWTi, p. V., Cumberland co., Penn.: 7 m. S. 
Harrisburg. 

SnEPHERDSTOT.'X, p. V., Jcfforson co.,T7/'(7. .- on the S. W. 
side of the Potomac river, 10 m. above Harper's Ferry, and 
129 ra. N. by "W. Richmond. The water-power is exnellenl. 
and considerable flour is manufactured. The Baltimore 
and Ohio K. E. passes near the v. Three papers are issued 
weekly: the "Free Press'' <whig), ** Spirit of Jefferson" 
(dem.), and the "Shepherdstown Register" (neuL)* Pop. 
1,561. 

SnEPHERDsviLLE, p. r., and cap.-BulIitt co., Ky. : on N. 
side of Salt r., 4S m. "W. S. "W. Frankf.irt. It contains the 
CO. buildings, a seminary, and about 850 inhabitants. The 
Louisville and Nashville E. E. will pass through it. Paro- 
quette Springs, 1 m. from the v., is a watering place of con- 
siderable resort. 

SnERBORN, l- and p. v,, Chenango co., J^, Y. : 92 m. "W. 
Albany. Drained by Chenango river, and the Chenango 
Canal passes through, parallel with it Surface hilly ; soil 
fertile. The t. was settled by a party of 20 families from 
Connecticut, and incorporated in 1S30. The v., on the Che- 
nangii r. and canal, 41 m. S. "W. Utica, is a flourishing place, 
and contains 4 churches, an academy, several forwarding 
houses, stores, etc. The name of the t. has been changed 
by the legislature from Sherburne to the present. Popula- 
tion 2.623. 

SuKP.nrRN'E. t. and p. v., Middlesex county, J/fws. .- 1** m. 
S. Vs. l>y 'W^ Boston. Charles river forms its E. boundary. 
Incorporated 1674. Surfnee elevated; soil fertile. Th- 
Milford Branch R. R. passes through its "W. parL Th<' v.. 
at the centre, contains 2 churches, and has some manufac- 
tures. Pop. of t. 1,02.3. 

Sherburne, t. and p. t., Euttnnd county, Yerm. : 45 m. 
S. by "W. Montpelier. Surface chiefly broken and mount- 
ainous, rising in the S. part into Killingtnn Peak, the sum- 
mit of which is 8,924 feet above tide-water. Drained by 
Quechee r. Pop. of t. 57S, 

Sherecp.ne Mills, p. v.. Fleming co., Ky. : on E. bank 
of Licking r., 63 m. E. by N. Frankfort. 

SnEREtTRXEViLLE, p. 0., Lake CO., Iml. : 125 miles N. "W. 
Indianapolis. 

SnERTOAN. t. and p. o.. Chautauqne co., A'l K; 2SS m. 
W. by S. Albany. Lake Erie bounds it on the N. Drained 
by several small streams flowing into the lake. Surface 
hilly ; soil fertile. This is a highly cultivated farming district, 
with excellent water-power, several mills, and light manu- 
factures. The New York and Erie, and Lake Shore rail- 
roads pass through the town, and connect at Dunkirk, three 
miles W. Pop. 2,172. 

SirERMAN, t. and p. v.. Fairfield co., Conn. : 47 m. W. S.W. 
Hartford. 36 miles N. W. New Haven. Surface uneven. 
Drained by Eock r., a branch of the Housatonic. It con- 
tains several mills, a few stores, and tanneries. Population 
of t, 9>4. 

Sherman, p. v., Cook co.. III. : on the right bank of N. 
branch Chicago river, 19 m. N. by "W. Chicago, and 133 m. 
N. E. from Springfield. 

Sherman, p. v., and cap. Grayson county, Tex.: on 
Choctaw branch of Eed river, 247 mites N. by E. Austin 
City. 

SiTTT.MAX. t. and p. v.. Chautauque county. J<f. Y. : 80,^ m. 
W. by S. Albany. Drained by head waters of French cr. 
Surface rolling; soil fertile. It has excellent water-power. 

787 



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The T. conlains a furnace, several mills, and a tannery. 
Pop. of L 1,292. 

SirenMAN, t. and p. v., Huron co., Ohio: 81 m. N. Colum- 
bus. Drained by branches of Huron r. Surface rolling ; 
eoil fertile. The Mansfield and Sandusky City K. K. passes 
lhroufj;h the E. part. The v., on E. aide of Pipe creek, has 
several mills, etc. Pop. of 1. 1,134. 

Sherman's Dale, p. o., Perry co., Perm. : IT m. W. by N. 
Harrtsburg'. 

Sherman's Hollow, p. o., Yates co., 2^. Y. : 111 m. "W. 
Albany. 

Sherodstille, p. o., Carroll co., Ohio: 99 m. E. N. E. 
Columbus. 

Sherrill'8 Foed, p. 0., Lincoln county, Jf. Ccir. : 138 m. 
W. by S. Ealeigh. 

Sherwood, t. and p. o., Branch co., Midi. : 61 ra. S. TV. 
Lansing. Drained by 61. Josepli's r. There is a pond in 
■W*. parL Surface rolling ; soil excellent, and much grain is 
raised. It is one of the best farming towns in the county. 
Pop. 6S6. 
Sherwood's, p. o., Cayuga co., N. Y. : 150 m. "W. Albany. 
Bbeshequin, t. and p. o., Bradford co.. Penn. : on E. side 
of Susquehanna river, 107 m. N. Harrisburg. Drained by 
several small streams flowing into the Susquehanna. Sur- 
face hilly ; soil fertile. It has some mauu factories, mills, etc. 
Pop. about 1,000. 

Shetucket river, CoJin.: rises by sever,il branches in 
Tolland and Windham counties, flows &., receiving two 
large tributaries, the Nalchaug and Williraantic rivers; 
thence flows S. 9. E., and in E. part of Norwich t, receives 
the Quinebaug r., forming the main constituent of Thames 
river. It affords good water-power. 

Shiawabsee county, Mich. Situate centrally, and contains 
576 sq. m. Drained by Shiawassee, Maple, Mishtegaycoclc, 
and Looking-glass rivers, which supply good water-power. 
Surface level ; soil productive. - In some parts of the county 
mineral coal is found. The agricultural products are wheat, 
Indian corn, and potatoes. The industry of the county is 
mostly appUed to farming. Farms G40; manuf. 4S; dwell. 
972, and pop.— wh. 5,^0, fr. col. 0— total 5.280. Capital : 
Corunua. 

Shiawassee, t- and p. v., Shidwassee co., Mich.: 25 m. 
N. E. Lansing. Drained by the Shiawassee and Loulviug- 
glass rivers. Surface rolling; soil fertile. Mineral coal is 
found. The v., on the Shiawassee r., is a flourishing place, 
and has some manufactures. Pop. "f t. 810. 

SmcKSniNNY, p. v., Luzerne county, Pntn, : on the right 
bank of the Susquehanna r., and on the Norlli Br;incli Di- 
vision of the Pennsylvania Cana), 77 m. N. E. Harrisburg. 
A furnace, located near the v, operated by water-power, has 
an annual capacity of 1,S00 tons. 

Shfeldsborougu, p. v., port of entry, and cap. Hancock 
CO., Miss.: on W. side of the mouth of Louis bay, 144 m. 
S. S. E. Jackson. It contains the co. buildings, etc, and is 
the port of entry for Pearl river TJ. S. collection district, of 
which the commercial statistics on 80th June, 1S50, are as 
follows : total tonnage, 1,367 tons, all of which was enrolled 
and licensed, and engaged in the coasting trade; of which 
o81 tons were licensed under 20 tons, and 215 tons propelled 
by steam. During the preceding year it had no foreign 
commerce nor ship-building. 

SniLOAH, p. v., Camden county, K. Ctir. : between North 
and Pasquotank rivers, near their entrance into Albemarle 
Sound, 152 m. E. N. E. Kaleigh. 

Shiloh, p. v., Marengo county, Ala. : 90 miles W. by S. 
Montgomery. 

SniLOH, p. 0., Cumberland co., y. Jer. : 63 m. S. by TV. 
Trenton. 
SuiLOH, p. 0., Callaway co., JTy. ; 216 m. S.VT. Frankfort 
SniLOH, P.O., Gibson county, Terui.: 117 m. W. by 6. 
NasliviUe. 

SHiLon, p. 0., King George co., Virff.: 5i m. N, by E. 
Eichmond. 
7SS 



SniLon, p. v., Sumter disU, S. Oir. : on E. side Paulding 
swamp of Black r.,53 m. E. Columbia. 

SuiLon, p. o,, Union parish. La.: 173 m. N. N. W. 
Baton Rouge. 

SnrNGLE Creek, p. o,, St. Lawrence co., 2^. Y. : 145 m. 
N. N. W. Albany. 

Sms Hollow, sta.. Orange co., N. Y. : on the Erie R. R., 
10 m. W. Otisville, 92 m. N. "W". New York city, and 94 m. 
S. W. Albany. At this place tliere is a deep cut through a 
soft soil three-fourths of a mile in length and thirty feet 
deep. This part of the road is of the most oppressive lone- 
liness, for the valley is completely shut out of sight by a 
steep wall on each side of slate rocjt, 50 feet in height and 
2,500 feet in length, beyond which is a beautiftil open 
country. 

Shinnecock bay, 2^. Y. : is a beautiful body of water in 
S. part of Southampton t., Suffolk co., Long Island, 10 m. 
long, and from 3 to 4 m. wide— separated from the ocean by 
a narrow sand-beach, evidently formed by the wares. It 
has long been noted for producing large quantities of clams 
and other shell-fish of superior quality, affording employ- 
ment to many persons. 

Shi>-sston, p. v., Harrison co., Yirg. : on the E. side of 
the AV. fork of Monongahela r., 200 m. N.W. Richmond. 11 
contains several mills and lumber yards, and has an exten- 
sive trade in lumber. 

SnipPEN, t. and p. o., M'Kean county, Pmn. : 111 m. N.W. 
Harrisburg. Drained by Driftwood branch and other trib- 
utaries of Sinemahoning cr. Surface rough and mountain- 
ous, with some fertile soil in the valleys. It h.as salt-works 
and springs on Driftwood creek. The Sunbury and Erie 
U. R. will pass through this place. 

SuirPE>RBin!G. p. b. and sta., Cumberhand co., P£7)i>. : 
on a branch of Conedogwinit cr., and on the Cumberland 
Valley E. R., 45 m. S. W. Harrisburg. It is located in the 
midst of a fertile country, and has excellent water-power. 
Four miles distant are two furnaces, with an annual capac- 
ity of 1,500 tons each. The "Weekly News'* (whig) is pub- 
lished. Pop. 1,573. 

Snii'PENSviLLE, p. v., Clarion co., Penn. : on Paint cr., 
149 m. W. N. W. Harrisburg. Two furnaces, located here, 
liave annual capacities of 1,100 tons and 1,4^)0 tons ; also a 
furge which in 1S50 produced 1,500 Ions bar i on. 

SninEMANTowN, p. v., Cumberland co., Penn. : 15 m. 
"VV. by S. Harrisburg. The Cumberland Valley li.R. passes 
near the village. 

SjiiRL.iND, p. 0., Alleghany co., Penn. : 155 m. W. by N. 
Harrisburg. 

Shirley, t. and p. o., Piscataquis county, Mf.: 72 m. N. 
Augusta. Incorporated in 1S34. Watered by head branch- 
es of Piscataquis r., on which are mills. Pop. 250. 

SniKLEY, t., p. v., and sta., Middlesex co., Manft. : 35 m. 
N. "VV. by W. Boston. Bounded on the S. E. by Nashua r.-, 
and on the N. E. by Squanicook branch, each of which af- 
fords fine water-power. Surface generally low and level. 
The Fitchburg R. R. passes through the v. 40 m. from Bos- 
t<jn, 10 m, from Fitchburg. In the S. "W. part of the t. i» a 
Shaker settlement of about 150 members. Pop. of t. 1,15S. 
SnlBLEY, p. o., Erie co., 2^. Y. : 264 m. W. Albany. 
Shirley, p. o., Tyler co., Virg. : 232 m. N.AV. Richmond 
Shirley Mills, p. o., Piscataquis co., Me.: 72 m. N. 
Augusta. 

SmRLEYSBTTRG, p. 0., Huntingdon co., Penn.: on E. side 
of Great Augwick cr., 53 m. W. Harrisburg. It occupies 
the site and bears the name of an old provincial f-trtresa, 
erected in the French war for the defense of the weatcra 
frontiers. 

SniuLEY Village, p. v., Middlesex co., Ma«s. : on Nashua 
river. 34 m. N. W. by W. Boston, containing a church, sev- 
eral mills, and manufactories. 

SniRLEvvfLLR, p. o., AbbeviUe district, S. Car.: 79 m. 
W. bvN. Columbia. 
Shiial Crekk, p. o.. Clinton co.. Pi. : on the E. side of the 



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• strenm so called, SO'ra. S. Springfield. It is located on Uie 
border of a ferlile prairie. 

SnoAL Ceeek, p. o., Newton county, Mo. : 1C2 m. S. "W. 
Jefll-rson City. 

SnoAL FoED, p. v., Limestone co., Ala. : on E. side nf 
Limestone creek of Tennessee river, 169 m. N. by "W. 
Montgomery. 

SiioALS OF OGEf HEE, p. o., ITancocIc county, Ga. : on the 
Ogfcheer., m m. E. N. E. Mdledgeville. 
. SiioAL Spring, p. o., Giles co., Temi. : 73 m. S.Nashville. 
Suobek'b Mills, p. o., Carroll co., Ohio: 97 m. E. N. E. 
G^I urn 1)113. 

Sirorco Springs, p. v., Warren co., K. Car.: on E. side 
of Fishing; cr., 45 ra. N. E. liuk'iiih. 

Shoemaker's, sta., Allcgiiny cnimty, iVi 51 ; on the New 
York and Erie li. li., H&l ra. New Yoric, and 221 m. 
■\V. S. W. Albany. 

SnonoLA, sta., SuHivan co., J\1 T. : on the Delaware r., 
Erie R. E., and Delaware and Hudson Canal, 1U7 in, N. W. 
New York, 101 ni, S. W. Albany. 
SiiOKAN, p. o., Ulsler co., ^''. V. : 56 ra. 8. "W. Albany. 
SuoKOKON, p. v., Henderson county, III. : 3 m. E. of the 
Mississippi r., and 95 m. N. W. from S[)ring(icld. 

SiiONGALo, p. v., Carroll cnnnty, Jfi^n.: on the W. of Big 
Black r.. 75 m. N. by E. Jackson. 

SuoxGo, p. 0., Allegany county, If. Y.: 223 m. W. S. W. 
Albany. 
SuooBOTA, p. 0., Clark co., J/?5S. ; 87 m. E. by S. Jackson. 
SnooLiNG Creek, p. o., Cherokeo co., iV. Car.: 3"i0 m. 
W. S. W. Kaleigh. 
SnopiERE, p. o., Kock CO., Wise. : 35 ra. S. E, Madison. 
SjiOp Spring, p. o., Wilson county, Tetvii. : 23 m. E. by N. 
Nashville. 

Shop Spring, p. o., Newbury district, S. Car.: 41 m. 
W. N. W. Columbia. 

SiiOREHAM, (. and p. v., Addison co., Verm. : on the E. 
side of Lake Champlain, io m. S. W. Mnntpelicr. Draiiu.^d 
by Lemoufair r., affording good water-power. Surface 
even ; soil fertile, and it is one of the best farming towns in 
the State, with some manufactures. Most of the waters here 
are impregnate<l with epsom sails. The v. is pleasauliy 
located a little E. of the lake, and is the seat of Newton 
Academy. Pop. of t. l,6iil. 

SnoRT Bend, p. o., Dont co., Mo. : 62 m. S. E. Jefferson 
City. 

Short Creek, t and p. v., Harrison county, Ohio: 105 m. 
E. by N. Columbus. Drained by an afllueut of the Ohio r., 
which furnishes good niill-silt's. Surface uneven; soil 
fertile and well adapted to grain. The villages of Harris- 
ville and Georg^Iown are in the town. The v. has some 
uianufacloriea, etc Pup. of t. 1.950. 

Short Creek, p. o., Grayson county, Ki/.: 95 ni. S. E. 
Frankfort. 

SuoRT Creek, p. o., Brooke county, Virg. : 254 m. N. W. 
Richmond. 

Siior.T Traot, p. v., Allegany co., *V. T. : on a branch of 
the Genesee r., 225 m. W. Albany. 

Shop-ter's, sta., Macon co.. Ala. : on the Montgomery and 
West I*oint E. R, 25 m. E. Montgomery. 

SiioRTSviLLE, v. and sta., Ontario county, y. Y. : on the 
Rochester and Syracuse R. R., 41 m. S. K. Rochester, and 
ISi m. W. by N. from Albany. 

SnousirrowN. sta., Alleghany co., Penn.: on the N. side 
nf ihe Ohio r.. and on the Ohio and Pennsylvania R. R., 
14 m. W. Pittsburs, and 1T5 m. W. by N. Harrisburg. 
SiiRETE. p. o., Wayne co., Ohio : 7S m. N. E. Columbus. 
SiiuEVEi'ORT, p. v., and cap. Caddo parish, Jm.: on the 
right bank of Red r., about 1 m. S. of Soda lake, 201 ni. 
N. W. Baton Rouge. It contains a court-house, jail, etc. 
It is the most important town in N. W. Louisiana, and wilt 
be intersected by the Vicksburg. Shreveport, and Texas 
R. R.. now in progress. Pop, 1.133. 
BiiREwsBUBY, L and p. v., Worcester co., 3f:fss.: 33 m. 



W. by N. Boalon. A large pond, abounding in fine flsh, 
forms tlie S. W. boundary, and is the principal feeder of the 
Elaekstonc Canal. Drained by several streams and ri\ ulets. 
Surface uneven and hilly, a range of high land extending 
ihnmgh it fmni N. to :?. ; soil good. In the S. W. partis a 
nicaduw, containing excellent peat. It has some manufac- 
lurt-s, consisting of clothing, guns, hats, leather, etc. The 
V. is centrally situate. Pop. of t. 1,5S9. 

SifREWSRURY, t. and p. v., Monmouth co., Al Jer. : 36 m. 
E. by N. Trenlon. Drained by Neversink, Shrewsbury, and 
Shark rivers, the two former forming the N. boundary, and 
the latter its S. W. boundary. Surface level ; soil clay loam, 
or marl. It is much resorted to by people from New York 
and Philadelphia in summer, as a bathing-]»lace. The v. is 
localed between Shrewsbury and Neversink rivers. The t. 
contains a furtuice, tannery, lumber j'ard, several mills, etc. 
Pop. of t. 3,1S0. 

SiiBEWsBURY, t. and p. v., York co., Pemi. : 33 m. 8. by E. 
Harrisburg. Drained by branches of Codorus cr. Surface 
undulating; soil inferior. The b. is in the S. part of the t., 
and has some manufactures, etc. Tliere is in the t., inde- 
pendent of the b., manufactures of woolen goods and paper, 
several mills, etc. The Baltimore and Susquehanna IX. R. 
crosses Ihe W, part of the town. 

Shrewsbury, t. and p. v., Rutland county, Vena. : 54 m. 
S. by Montpelicr. Drained by Mill and Cold rivers, which 
affbnl water-power. Surfjiee mountainous, lying on the 
Green Mountain range. It contains Slirewsbury Peak: 
height 4,100 feet above tide-water. The land is chiefly 
adapknl to grazing, and there is good timber. It has some 
manufactures. The v. is on Cold river, and the Rutland 
and Burlington R. R. crosses the S. W. part of the t. Popi 
of t. 1.2GS. 

SuREwsijuuY", p. o., Kanawha co., Vi}-(f, : 229 ra. W. N. W. 
Richmond. 

SiiKEwsuuRY river, Monmouth co,, A'l ./^v. .• a continua- 
tion of Sandy Hunk bay, flowifig 5 m. partly tbrongh a salt 
marsh, averaging .iboulH m- '" width. It receives Shrews- 
bury ri\er proper, a stream 6 or 7 in. long. 

eiiBUB Oak, p. 0., Westchester county, A''. Y.: 93 m. S. 
Albany. ' 

Sniii/LsnuRO, t. and p. v., Lafayette county, Wific : on a 
branch of Fever r., 57 pi. S. W. Madison. Large quantities 
of lead ore are here raised. Pop. 1,673. 
SiiFNK, p. o., Sullivan co., Petm. : 75 ra. N. Harrisburg. 
Shunk. p. 0., ileury county, Ohio ; 105 miles N. W. 
Columbus. 

SuuNPiKE, V. and sta., Cayuga county, JY, Y. : on the 
Rochester and Syracuse R. R., 33 m. W. S. W. Syracuse, 
and 154 m. W. by N. from Albany. 

SnusiiAN, p. V. and sta,, Washington co.. A". Y. : on the 
Battcnkill, and on the Rutland and Washington R. R., 34m. 
N. E. Troy, and 45 m. from Albany. 

SnuTEsmiRV, t. and p. v., Franklin county, 3fiifi.<i. : 69 m, 
W. by N. Boston. Drained by branches of Mill r. and by 
Swift r. Surface elevated, in parts hilly and rocky ; soil of 
average fertility, most productive along the streams. Lockj^ 
Pond in N. W. part of t.. covers 700 acres, and is well 
stocked with fish. There is also a mineral spring of snme 
note near the centre, abounding in muriate of lime. The 
manufactures of the L are light. The v. is located centrally. 
Pop. of t. 912. 

Shy Post. p. v., Audrain co., Mo. : on the E. of Loutrie 
r.. 42 m. N. E, Jefferson City. 
SiAM, p. o., Leon CO., Te,i: : 123 m, N. E. Austin City. 
SiAsoo.NSET, v., Nantucket co.. Muss. : on the S. E, part 
of Nantucket island, 7 m. froni.Nautucket v., is an attractive 
summer restart, having a fine hotel and other accnmmoda- 
tions. 

SiniL.i. p. v., Washington par.. I,a. : on a branch of Tan- 
gipahoa r., 49 m, N, E. Baton Rouge. 

Sihley. p. v.. Jackson co,. Mo. : on the right bank of the 
Ohio r., 110 m. W. N. W. Jefferson City. 

789 



PIB 



SIM 



Sibley's MiLLS,'W'ilkin9on co.,JA/-«5,; 101 m. S. "NV. Jackson. 

SiciLY.p. o.jHiErhland co.^O^iio : 61 miles S.S.W. O^iumbus. 

Sideling mountains, Penn. and Md.: a range of mount- 
ains traversing Huntingdon and Bedford counties, Pennsyl- 
vania, and Alleghany co., 3£d. 

Sidney, p. v., Marshall co., Ind.: 101 m. N. Indianapolis. 

Sidney, t and p. v., Kennebec county, Me.: 7 miles N. 
Augustat Tho Kennebec r. forms its E. l)oundary, and a 
portion of Snow's Pond is on the N. part, by wbich'it is 
watered. Surface varied ; soil fertile, and much grain is 
raised. Incorporated in 1792. Its manufaciiires consist of 
leather, lumber, etc. The village is on the right bank of the 
KenuL-bec river. Pop. of 1. 1,955. 

Sidney, p. v., Ilunterdon co., y. Jer. : on the "W, of South 
branch Karitan r., 26 m. N. W. Trenton. 

Sidney, t. and p. v., Delaware co., N. K .' S2 m. W.S. W. 
Albany. Drained by Uleout creek and other small streams 
flowing into the Susquehanna r., which bounds it on the 
N. Surface hilly, except along the r., where it is even ; soil 
of great fertility, and well cultivated. It has good water- 
power, and some manufactures, consisting of woolen goods, 
flour, and lumber. The v. on Oleont creek has some mills, 
etc. Pop. of t. 1,S07. 

Sidney, p. v., and cap. Shelby co.» Ohio: on a branch of 
the Great Miami river and line of the Sidney feeder of the 
Miami canal, 65 m. W. N. W. Columbus. It contjuns a fine 
brick court-house, a jail, several stores, manufactories, etc., 
and is destined to be a place of Cdinmercial importance. 
The Eellefontaine and Indiana It. li. passes through it,, and 
is here intersected by the Dayton and Michigan 11. 11. — two 
lines connecting it with the great towns in every direction. 
Pop. in 1S40, 713, and in 1850, 1,303. 

Sidney Cestre, p. v., Delaware co.. K. Y. : on a small 
stream, tributary of the Susquehanna river, S3 m. W. S. W. 
Albany. 

Sidney Plains, p. v., Delaware co., K. Y. : on S. side of 
Susquehanna r., 92 m. W. S."\V. Albany. 

SiDONSBURG, p. o., York county, renn. : 11 m. S. by W. 
Harrisburg. 

Siegel's Store, p. o., Lincoln county, N. Car. ; 139 milci 
TV. S. W. Raleigh. 

SiECKA county, Calif. Situate E. on the Stale line, and 
occupying the mountain sources of the Yuba river. Area 
about SOO sq. m. The principal mountains are Saddle 
Peak, 7,200 feet high; Table mountain S,000 feet, and the 
Buttes at the head of the S. fork of the Yuba, 9,000 feet, and 
surrounded with quartz leads. This is one of the richest 
gold fields in the State, and has also m;iny facilities for suc- 
cessful agriculture, its great elevation nevertheless. Lime- 
stone of excellent quality abounds ; but there are no mineral 
springs. In 1S52 the capital invested in quartz mining 
amounted to $9,109 ; in placer mining, $134,051, and in 
other industries, $732,225. The principal mining locations 
are DownieviUe, with SIO inhal>itant3 ; Pine Grove, with 
504; Windsor, 210 ; Cox's and Snake Bars, 346, and Good- 
year's Bar, 356. Cultivated land 163 acres. Population at 
stone date 4,S55— whites 3,692—3,630 males, and 63 females ; 
negroes 42; mulattoes 7, and foreign residents 1,007— 1,033 
males, and 34 females. Over 21 years of ago— citizens of 
the Vnited Suites 3,463, negroes 41, mulattoes 7, and for- 
eigiiers 976. Capital: DownieviUe. 

fiiERRA MoEiso, or Bkoavn MoiTNTAiNS, San Francisco 
CO., Calif.: the most remarkable conmioncc at a point 
about 10 miles S. of San Francisco city, and run along the 
coast until tliey unite with the range of same name iu the 
county of Santa Clara ; they are above 2.000 feet in height, 
and protect the inhabitants ol the valley from the coast 
winds. The soil in the valleys is rich and prmluclive. 
Several streams have their sources here, and some gold is 
found 

SiERKA Nevada mountains, Calif. (See Califobnia.) 

SiGouBNEY, p. v., Keokuk county, la. ; on a branch of 
Skunk r., 50 m. S. W. Iowa City. Pop. 102. 
790 



Sill's Creek, p. o., New Hanover co., N. Car.: Si m. 
S. S. E. Raleigh. 

SiLOAM, p. v., Madison co., y. Y. : 104 m.W. N.W. Albany. 

SiLOAM, p. o., Surry county, N. Car. : 126 m. W. N. W. 
Ealeigh. 

Silver lake, Wyoming co., y. Y. : & beautiftil lake, lying- 
in the towns of Perry and Castile, 5 m. long an*! three-quar- 
ters of a mile wide, abounding with excellent fish, originally 
introduced from Lake Erie. 

Silver Bluff, ;S'. Cat': an eminence exterding about 
2 m. along the bank of the Savannah river, about 1 m. wide, 
and elevated nearly 30 feet above the opposite shore. 

Silver Creek, p. v., Stephenson co.. /*;/. .• on the S. si<le 
of Pekalonica r., at the mouth of Silver creek, 16S miles N. 
Springfield. The Illinois Central K. K. passes 1 mile N. of 
this place. 

Silver Cbeek, p. o., Schuylkill co., Fenn. : 42 m N. E. 
Harrisburg. 

Silver Creek, t. and p. o., Cass co., MicK^ 93 m. 8. W. 
Lansing. Drained by Dorragiake river. Surface gently 
undulating, with an exceedingly fertile soil, producing 
grain in abundance. The stream affords good water-power. 
Pop. 491. 

Silver Creek, p. v., and sta., Chautauque county, y. Y. : 
near the mouth of the creek so called and its confluence 
with Lake Erie, and on the Brffalo and State Line R. K., 
31 miles S. by "VV. Buffalo, 2S0 m. W. from Albany. It is a 
manufacturing village, and has some trade in lumber, etc. 
The imports for 1&4S amounted to $212,319, and the exports 
$107,0^1, making a total of $319,900. Being connected with 
Dunkirk and Buffalo by R. R. and the lake by water, it bids 
fair soon to become a place of some note. It has 1 bank, cap. 
$92,S.'>0. The *' Silver Creek Mail" (whig) is a weekly issue. 

Silver Creek, p. o., Maury county, Tenn.: 35 m. 3. 
I'ashville. 

Silver Glade, p. v., Anderson district, S. Car.: E. of 
Twelve Mile creek, 95 m. N. W. by W. Columbia. 

Silver Hill, p. c, Davidson county, y. Car.: S9 m. W. 
Raleigh. 

SiLVEE Lake, p. c, "VTashtenaw co., Midi. : 45 m. S. £• 
Lansing. 

Silver Lake, t. and p. v., Susquehanna co.. rcnn. : 59 m. 
N. N. E. Harrisburg. Drained by tributaries of Choeouut 
creek, and by Silver creek, outlet of Silver lake, a sheet of 
water three-quarters of a mile long and half a mile wide, 
N. E. of which is Quaker lake. Surface hilly ; soil fertile. 
The v. on Silver cr. has several mills, etc. 

Silver Run, p. o., Meigs co., Ohio : 75 m. S. E. Columbus. 

Silver Run, p. v., Talladega co., Ala,: on Chockolocka 
creek, S6 in. N. by E. Montgomery. 

Silver Spring, p. o.,St. Francois co.,3/<>. ; 107 m.E. S. E. 
Jefferson City. Deposits of iron and lead are found in the 
vicinity. 

Silver Street, sta., Newbury dist, S. Car. : on the 
Greenville and Columbia R. R., 54 m. W. N.W. Columbia. 

SiLVEUTON) p. o., Barnwell district, S. Car. : 63 m. S. W. 
Columbia. 

Silver Top, Obion co., Tenn. : 137 m.W. Nashville. 

SiLVERViLLE. p. V.. Lawrcuce co., Ind. : on a branch of 
White r., 65 ra. S. S. W. Inrlianapolis. 

SiMMONB. p. o., Lawrence co.,Ohio: 99 ra.S. byE. Coluiribos. 

SiMMONsviLLE, p. o., Gilcs CO., I'i/'ff. .' 143 m. W. by S. 
Richmond. 

Sjm-m's Port, p. o., Avoyelles par., Za.: 73 m. N. W. 
Bal(»n Rouge. 

SiMONsviLLE. p. v., Wiiidsor CO., Venn.: on abranchof 
William's river, 73 m. S. Monlpclier. 

Simpson county, Ky. Situate S. toward tho W., and con- 
tains 2;^ sq. m. Drained by Drake's creek and brumhcs, 
which enter Big Barren r., in the E. of Warren co.. and by 
branches of Red r.. a chief tributary of Cumberland r. Sur- 
face level ; soil ft-rlile. and adapted to cotton and tobacco, 
whidi with wheat and Indian corn, form the staples. The 



SIM 



SIX 



boundary line of the State lies on its S. border. Fnrnis 6SG ; 
manuf. 37 ; dwell. 903, and pop. — wh. 5.755, fr. col. 43, al. 
1,935— total 7.723. Capital : FraukUn. Public W&t'ks : 
LOuisvillo and Nashville E. K. 

SLMraox county, Miss. Situate toward the S. "W"., and 
contains 5S4 sq. m. Brained by branches of Pearl river, 
which bounds il on the W. Surface level; suit generally 
fertile, and adajitetl tn grazina:. Cbiuf jiroduoiiona, rice 
and eolton. I'arnis 451: manuf. S; dwell. 526, and pop. 
— wh. 3.190, fr. col. 8," si. 1,541— total 4,734. Capital: 
Westville. 

SiMPsox's, p. o., Floyd county, Vlrg. : 137 m. W. by S. 
Eichniond. 

Simpson's, sta., Preston co., Virf/. : on the Baltimore anil 
Ohio i:. l^, 113 ra. S. E. Wheeling, and 173 m. N. W. 
Kichmind. 

Simi'^on's Hn-L, P.O.. Laurens dist.,5. Car.: on E. side 
of Raotiurn's er., 06 ni. N. W. Columbia, 

Simpson's Store, p. o.jWashingtou co., Penn. : 175 m-W. 
Harrisburg. 

Simpson viLLE, p. v., Shelby co., Ky, : on Floyd's fork of 
Salt r., ISl m. S. W. Nashville. 
SiMPsoNTiLLE, p. o., Anne Arnndel county, Jiff?. 
SriisBUP.v. t., p. v., and sta., ITartfitrd co., Coun. : on "W. 
side of Farmingtoi>r., 11 m. N.W. Hartford ; by New Haven 
and Northampton or Canal TI. It., 43 miles N. from New 
Haven. Surface oft. is much diversified ; soil various. In 
the N. E. corner is the flourishius; manufacturing village of 
TarifTville. Pop. of t. in 1840, 1,S95 ; in 1S)0, 2,737. 

Sinclair's Bottom, p. c, Smyth county, Tirg.: 231 m. 
"W. S. W. PachmontL 

SiNEATii, v. and sta., Charleston district, S. Car. : on the 
South Carolina E. E., 13 m. N. W. Charleston. 

SiNEPiTXENT bay, ■Worcester co., Ud.: a large sheet of 
water inclosed from the Atlantic Ocean by the sand beach, 
called Assateague, or Fenwick's island. It is navigable 
CA\\\ for very small craft. 

SiNEPuxENT neck, "Worcester co., MrJ.: a long neck of 
land prfijecting into the bay so called, almost separated 
from the main by Trap and Herring creeks, between the 
waters of which the construction of a canal has been pro- 
posed. 

Sing Sing, p. v. and sta., "Westchester co., JVI K .• on E. 
bank of Hudson river; by Hudson Eiver E. E., 32 m. from 
New York, and llS m. from Albany. Situated on elevated 
and uneven ground, and presenting a picturesque appear- 
ance. Incorporated in 1813. Il has several landing-?, from 
which stearaboata and other vessels ply daily to New York, 
with which it has a large trade. It contains an iron foun- 
dry, ship-yard, grist-mill, some small manufactories, and 5 
eburches. Mount Pleasant Academy, an incorporated in- 
stitution for boys, has a bandsome marble edifice, 3 stories 
hii^h above the basement. The Mount Pleasant Female 
Seminary is also an incorporated institution, haf ing a beau- 
tiful location. The Croton Aqueduct at this ]ihice is an ob- 
ject of much attraction ; it crosses over the Sing Sing kill 
by a handsome anh. of which the space between its ainit- 
ments is SS ft-et, and its elevation from the cr^ek TOO feet. 
Sing Sing is chiefly celebrated fi^r its very extensive qq^r- 
ries of excellent marble, large quantities ofwhioh are an- 
nually quarried and sent to New York and ntlier places ; 
these are chiefly worked by the convicts of the State Prison, 
located about half a mile S. of the village, on grounds com- 
prising 130 acres. The main building is 484 feet lons". 44 
feet wide, 5 stories high, and contiiins 1,000 cells. Adjoining 
it are the various workshops, chapel, hospital, store-houses, 
nlc, all built of rough-dressed marble. The female con- 
victs are in a separate building. Tlie annual recr-ipLs of 
labor from the convicts are nearly equaled by the cj^pend- 
ilures. The average number of convicts in 1S50 was 721, 
Of whom SO were f.-niales. Pop. about 2.800. 

SiNMN-i; Ceefk, p. o., Botel/jurt co., Vii-g.: 131 m. W. 
Bichmoud. 



SrNKiNG'Spp.iNG, p. v., Highland co., Ohio: on E. side of 
Brush cr., 61 in. S. by W. Columbus. 

Sinking Spexng, p. v., Berks county, Peiin. : 45 m, E. 
Harrisburg. 

Sinking Valley Mills, p. o., Blair co., Pcun.: 80 m. 
W. by N. Harrisburg. 

SiNNAMAnoNiNO, p. o., Cliuton CO., Penn.: 89 m. N. W. 
Harrisburg. 

SiNNAMAiioNiNQ rivcr, Pemi. : a large tributary of the 
W. branch of Susquehanna r., from the N. W., 5<» ra. long, 
emptying into the W. l)raiich in N. W. part of Clinton co. 

SiNsrNAWA mound. Wise : a noted elevation in Grant 
county, near the Illinois line, 12 m. N. W. Galena. Here 
has been established a Catholic college and Domiuican 
convent. 

Sioux county, la. Situate N. W., and contains 1.050 
sq. m. Drained by head branches of Floyd's r., a tributary 
of Sioux r., which flows on its western border. Surface in 
general level, but in parts undulating, presenting a pleasing 
diversity in the nature of the coimty. Soil fertile, and fa- 
vorable to the growth of fruit, wheat, Indian corn, etc. It 
has some excellent timber. Set oflT since 1S50. 

Sioux river, Minn, and la. : more commonly named 
Big Sioux r., rises in one of tbe numerous lakes near the 
head of the elevated prairie land in the central portion of 
Minnesota Territory — flows E. S. E. about 200 miles, and 
em])ties into tlie Missouri r. Below 43^ ,30' N. lat., it forms 
the boundary between Iowa and Minnesota. 

SiPESViLLE, p. 0., Somerset county, Pemi. : 113 m.W.S.W. 
Harrisburg. 

SiPPJCAN, p. v., Plymouth co., Masa. : on "W. side of ?ip- 
pican harbor of Buzzard's bay, 51 m. S. by E. Boston. The 
principal business of this v. is the manufacture of salt 

SiPSEvTuENPTKB. p. o., Tuscaloosa CO., Ala. : on the right 
bank of Sijisey r., 106 m. W. N. W. Montgomery. 

Sip. JoiiN'fi EuN, p. o., and sta., Morgan co., Vii^g. : on 
the Balliinore an<l Ohio U. E., 49 m. N. W. Harper's Ferry, 
and 128 m. N. by W. Eichmond. 

SiSKJYOu county, Calif. Situate N. E., between Bhast^ 
county and the N. State line, and extending E. and W. 
between the E. line of the State and the Coast Eange. 
Area about 8,000 sq. m. The surface is elevated au<i mounl- 
aiuous, with valleys of great extent intervening. It contains 
Mount Shasta, a lofty eminence, 14,400 feet above the sea- 
level, and from the slopes of which the Sacramento has its 
head constituents. A large number of tribularie.s, df which 
Pitt r. islhe most consiilerable, join it in this county, and 
there are also several mountain lakes, the outlets of which 
flow into it. Of these Ehelt and Deer lakes are the most 
extensive. Gold mining is the principal industry. In 1852 
there were 9 quartz mills in operation. Capital invested in 
quartz mining, $35,530 ; in placer mining, $39,165 ; and in 
other mines, $11,950. Capital employed in other occupa- 
tions, $;T'2-ol0. Land under cultivation, 309 acres. Pop- 
ulation at Ihe same period, 2.240, of which were wh, 1,956 — 
males 1,874, and ftrmales 82; negroes 34— males 33, and 
female 1 ; mulatloes, 4 males ; Indians 20 — 22 males, and 4 
females; and fureign residents 220 — males 21;?, and females 
7. Over21 yearsof age— citizens of the United Stales 1,517. 
negroes 32. mulaltoes 4, Indians 12, and foreigners 207. 

CapiUil : 

SissoNviLLE, p. v., Kanawha co,, Virg. : on a branch of 
Pocatalieo r., 237 m. W. N. W. Eiclimond. 

SisTKBSviLLE, p. V., TyluT CO., VirQ. : on the left bank of 
the Ohio r. 59 m. below Wheeling, and 239 ra. N. W. Eich- 
mond. This place was originally laid out as the county 
seat, in 1SI4, which was subsequently transferred to Middle- 
town. 9 m. east. 

Six Cnp.NEKs, p. o., Eicbland co., Ohio: 57 ra. N. by E. 
C-ohimbus. 

Sis MiLF., p, o,. Jennings co., Ind. : on a creek so called, 
5S m. S. S. E. Indianapolis. 
Sis Mile Falls, p,o., Penobscot co,, Me. 

791 



SIX 



SME 



Six Mile Hun, p. o., Somerset co., X. Jet: 

Six Mile Rl's, p. o., Bedford co., Pen7i: : S3 m. W. S. W. 
Harrisburg. 

Six Huns, p. v., Sampson co., 271 Car. : on the E. side of 
a cr. so called, 66 m. S. by E. Ilalcia:Ii. 

Skaneaiules, t. and p. v., Onondaga co., N, Y. : 140 m. 
W. by N. Albany. The greater part of the lake so called is 
in this town, and its outkt, flowing N. into Seneca r., drains 
it, and affords excellent water-power. The surface, for 5 or 
6 miles from the foot of the lake upward, slopes gently to 
to the water's edge, but toward the head of the lake it 
becomes more abrupt, and even mountainous, and there are 
miniature palisades containing geological wondi-rs. The 
soil is excellent, and the country is noted for iis agricultural 
resources ; and is well laid out in farms, with spacious farm- 
houses and out-buildings, giving every indication of abund- 
ance and thrift. The v. (incorporated in 1S03) is at the out- 
let of the lake, and having a commanding site, presents a 
neat and tasteful appearance. Near it, at the base of a 
steep range of hills, some GOO feet high, is a commodious 
hotel and a water-cure establishment. It is a considerable 
manufacturing place, and contains flouring and saw mills, 
iron foundries, machine shops, two extensive carriage fac- 
tories, woolen factories, and tanneries, besides a number of 
workshops of various kinds. The Skanealeles and Jordan 
Branch II. E. diverges from the v., and connects with the 
Rochester and Syracuse K. It. at the junction, 5 ra. N. Three 
papers are issued, 2 weekly, the ''S. Columbian" (whig), 
and the " S. Deraocrat" (dem.), and 1 monthly, the " Family 
Companion." Pop. of t. 4,0S0. 

Skaneateles lake, 2i. Y. : lies partly between Cayuga and 
Onondaga counties. It is a beautiful sheet of water, 15 m. 
long, and about 1 m. wide, and surrounded by romantic 
scenery. It is noted for its fine trout and other fish, with 
which it abounds. 

Skeels' Cf.oss Hoads, p. o., Mercer co., Ohio: S9 m. 
■W. by N. Columbus. 

Skegg's Ceeek, p. o.. Barren co., JTy. ; on a stream so 
called, 116 m. S. S. W. Frankfort. 

Skihnee's, p. 0., Eentou co., Oreg, Ter. : 50 m. S. S. E. 
Salem. 

Skinnee'b Eddy, p. o., Wyoming co., Pd;m, .■ on Susque- 
haima r., 95 m, N. N. E. Ilarrisburg. 

Bkinquaktee, p. o., Chesterfield co., Vifg. 

Skippack. t. and p. o., Montgomery oo., Penn, : 7T m. 
E. Hai/isburg. Drained by the cr. so called. Surface 
hilly ; soil fertile. Skippackville is in this town. ' Pop. of 
1 1,622. 

Skowhegan, t and p. v., Somerset co., 3fe. : on N. bank 
of Kennebec r., 32 m. N. Augusta. Soil fertile and well cul- 
tivated. The V. possesses the advantages of a great water- 
power, furnished by Skowhegan falls, which are improved 
by mills of various kinds, a woolen factory, tannery, etc. It 
is well built, and has considerable trade. The " People's 
Press" (whig) and "Democratic Clarion" are published 
■weekly. Pop. oft. 1,756. 

Skun-k river, la. : rises in the highlands, in the central 
part of the Slate, flows by S. E. course nearly parallel to the 
Des Moines for 150 m., and empties into the Mississippi. It 
drains a rich and fertile portion of the State, and abounding 
with timber, and affords many excellent mill sites. 

Blabtown, p. o., Anderson dist., S. C(i}\ : on the E. side 
Of Twenty-three Milo cr., 103 m. N. W. Columbia. 

Slabtown, eta., Pvush co., Jnd. : on the Kushville and 
Shelbyville E. K., 14 m. Shclbyville, and 33 m. E. S. E. 
Indianapolis. 

Slack, p. o., Mason co., Kjj. : 71 m. N. E. Frankfort. 

Sladk, p, o., Lee county, Ga.: 107 miles S.W. Milledge- 
ville. 

Slapesville, p. c, Hyde co., N. Car. : 133 m. E. by S. 
Baleigh. 

Slate, p. v., Bath co., Jy. : at the confluence of Slate or. 
with Jjicking r., 67 m. E. FrankforU 
192 



Slatefokd, p. 0., Nurtliampiou co., Penn, : 97 m. N. E. 
Harrisburg. 

Slate Hill, p. o., York co.. Pom. : 25 m. S. Harrisburg. 

Slate Hill, p. o.. Orange couuty, 27. Y.: 97 m. S.. W. 
Albany. 

Slate Lick, p. o., Armstrong co., Penn. : 137 m. "VV. N. "W. 
Harrisburg. 

Slate Mills, p. o., Eappahannoek county, Virif. : on., a 
branch of the Eappahaunock river, 75 miles ii. K. \V. 
Kiehniond. 

Slaterville, p. v., Tompkins co., 27. Y. : on Six Milecr., 
13S m. W. by 9. Albany. It is a small manufacturing village 
containing about 350 inhabitants. 

Slaterville, p. v., Providence co., li. I. : on Branch r., 
14 ra. N. V7. by N. Providence. It contains several fao- 
torit'S, which are chiefly engaged in making cotton and 
print goods, etc. It is a pleasant v., and contains also two 
churches. 

Slfugfville, p. v., Panola co., Jfiss. : on a branch of 
Tallahalchee r., 150 m. N. Jackson. 

Sleepy Ckeek, p. o., Wayne co., iV, Cur. : 4^1 m. S. E. 
Ealeigh. 

Si.KEPv Ceeek, sta., Berkley co., Yirg. : on the Baltimore 
and Ohio 11. K., 35 m. N. W. Harper's Fcrrj-, and 333 m^ 
N. by V7. Kichniond. , 

Slebpv Ceeek, p. v., Edgefield dist., S. Cur. : on a branch 
of Little r., 52 m. W. Columbia. 

Sleepy Cheek Bkidge, p. o., Morgan co., Mri/.: SO m. 
N. N. V7. Richmond. 

Sligo, p. o., De Kalb county, Teim.: 55 ni. E. by S. 
Nasiiville. 

Sugo, p. 0., Henry co., Ki/. : 25 ra. N. V7. Frankfirt. 

Sligo, p. o., Clinton co., Ohio:^5 m. S. W. Columbus. 

Slippeey Lock, t. and p. o., Butler co., Penn.: 173m. 
V7. JI. W. Harrisburg. Drained by the cr. so called, and its 
tributaiy, Wolf cr. Surface uneven, with a very fertile soil, 
producing grain, etc The v. of Centreville is located in the 
town. There are in the t. two furnaces, with an annual 
capacity of 1,100 tons each ; several tanneries, grist, and 
saw mills. Pop. of 1. 1,700. 

Sloansville, p. v., Schoharie co., JV. Y. : on Yly cr., and 
on Cherry Valley turnpike, 32 m. W.,by N. Aibanv. It di*- 
rivcs good water from the stream, improved by various saw- 
mills, etc. Pop. about 350. , 

Sloatsrueg, p. V. and sta., Eockland co., 27. Y. ; on the 
Eamapo river, and on the New York and Erie R. B., S5 ra. 
N. by W. Xcw York, and 16S m. S. by W. from Albany. 
This beautiful and thriving manufacturing place presents 
a singul.ir aspect t»> the traveler. From the sta. are to be 
seen two substantial cotton factories, and not a'sigu of a v. 
or hamlet in sight, those employed in them dwelling in the 
humble but neat abodes scattered alung this '• happy valley.*' 
The mills, embowered as they are in noble trees, look as 
though they were placed in some gentleman's park, did not 
the adjacent dingy blacksmith shops show that the precincts 
were those of a regular factory. These establishments 
were erected in 1S20, the brick portion in 1540, and are 
used exclusively for making cotton ticine, of which article 
5,000 pounds are sent weekly " by rail" to Kew York. This 
improved town is the invention of the princijial jiroprictor 
of the mills, and owner of the grounds on wliich they stand, 
Major Jacob Sloat, from whom the place gets its name. He 
derives his domain from his grandfalhej, to whom it was 
assigned by five Indian chiefs in 1733, and the original deed 
of conveyance, being drawn up in a choii-e lingo, com- 
pounded of Dutdi and Indian, is quite a curiosity. 

Sloveusville, p. 0., Luzerne co., Penn.: 77 m. ?7. N. E. 
Harrisburg. 

Smakh's, sta., Monroe co., Ga. : on the Macon and West- 
ern K..U., 19 m. W. by N. from Macon, and 51 m. W. by S. 
from Milledgeville. 

Smelseb's Mills, p. o., PvUsh co., Ind. : SS m. E. by 3 
Indianapolis. 



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Smeltzee's Geove, p. 0., Grant co., Wise. : 65 m. S. W. 
Madison. 

Bueltzee's Moctnt, p. 0., Pickens dist., S. Car. : 135 m. 
N. W. by W. Columbia. 

SMiCKSBui:fi. p- v.. Indiana co., Penn. : on Mahoning cr., 
12T ni. W. a. \V. Harrisburg. 

Smitu county, Miss. Situate S. centrally, and contain!* 
C15sq. m. Drained by head branches of Leaf river and 
branches of Pearl r. Surface uneven ;. soil in general good, 
and adapted lo cotton, which is the principal production of 
tlie CO. It has some fifle pasture land. F«irni8 4'25; manuf. 
S; dwell. 515, and pop.— wh. 3,073, fr. col. 0, si. 99S— total 
4,071. Capital: Kaleigh. 

Smith county, Tenn, Situate toward the !;^., and contains 
2SS sq. m. Cumberland r. passes through the co., by which 
and its tributfiry, Caney fork, and also by their branches, it 
is drained. Surface hilly ; soil fertile, the land in general 
being very productive and adapted to tobacco, which it pro- 
duces abundantly. Good cotton is also grown, ^nd fine 
crops of wheat and Indian corn are raised. It exports largL' 
qnaiiiilies of beef and pork. Farms 1.310; maiuif. 3*2; 
dwell. 2,4-J'2, and pop.— wh. 13,709, fr. col. 1S6, si. 4,517— 
total 1S,412. Capita^' Carthage. 

Smith county, Tejc. Situate toward the N. E., and con- 
tains 1,041) sq. m. Drained by head branches of Angelina 
river and affluents of Neches r., which runs on its W. bor- 
der. Surface undulating; soil varied; on the rivera the 
l:tnd is generally rich, and consists of a fine black mold, 
favorable lo the growth of cotton and corn. Grapes grow 
wild, and might, by cultivation, be rendered valuable. It 
has many springs and numerous streams of excellent water. 
Farms 245 . manuf. 1 ; dwell. 603, and pop. — wh. 3,575, fr. 
ail. 0, si. 717— lolid 4,292. CapiUtl: Tyler. 

Smith D^u-e, p. o., Amit6 county. Miss. : S3 m. S. S. "W. 
Jackson. 

Smitiuteld, p. v.. Delaware co., /?w7. : on the X. bank 
of White r.. and on the Indianapolis and Bellefonlalne K. 11., 
60 m^\ E. Indianapolis. 

Smithfield, t. and p. v., Somerset county, M<'. : 23 m. N. 
Angusta. The town contains East Pond and part of Miik 
Pond; has a few saw-mills and some manufactures. Pop. 
of t. 873. 

Smithfield. p. v., and cap. Johnson co., iV. Car. : on the 
E. side of Neuse river, 20 ra. S. E. Ealeigh. It cont:das a 
ojurt-house, jail, and other county buildings. Pop. 321>. 

Smithfiklo, t. and p. v., JeCferson county, Ohio : 111 m. 
E. by N. Columbus. Drained, by branches of a .stream 
flowing E. into the Ohio river, affording good mill-power. 
Surface much broken; eoil adapted to grain and grajw. 
The t contains several stores and flouring-mills, a tannery, 
etc. Pop. of 1. 1,SS2. 

Smithfiei-d, sta., Mahoning co., OJiio: on the Ohio and 
Pennsylvania R. I!,., 57 m. E. by N. Wooster, and 117 ra. 
JJ. K. Columbus. 

Smithfield, p. v., Polk co., Tex.: on E. bank of Trinity 
river, 174 m. E. by N. Austin City. 

Smithfield, t., Providence co., R. I. : 9 ra. N. Providence. 
Tliis large ami important manufacturing t. comprises sev- 
eral large factory villages, described in order, of which 
Woonsocket Falls and Slatersville are among the largest. 
Great wuter-power is furnished by Blackstone river (which 
bounds it on the E.)and its branches, particularly at Woon- 
eocket Fallm. where it has a descent of about 20 feet in a 
short distance, over a rocky precipice. Surface undul.iting, 
and in some parts rough, but for the most part agreeably 
divcrsifled; soil gmvelly and sandy loam, and generally 
fertile, with S'>me low and marshy tracts. Limestone 
aimuuds, and the manufacture of lime is extensive. eini)loy- 
ing many persons. There is a quarry of whitestoisc at 
Woonsocket Hill, valuable for furnace hearths, and 2 miles 
Croin this a quarry of excellent whelslones. In the S. part 
of the t<)\\n is Scott's Pond, a con.siderable body of water, of 
great depth and sleej) shores. The factories are chiefly en- 



gaged in making print goods, cotton goods, etc., but other 
mills are numerous. In the t. are 5 banks, with aggregate 
capital of $oS4,77o. Population iu 1S40, 9,534; in IS50, 
11.500. 

Snuthfif.ld, p. o., Fayette co., Petin.: in a hilly region, 
on left bank of the Youghiogeuy r., 133 m. W. S. "W. 
Harrisburg. 

Smithfield, p. o. and ata., Henry co,, Kij. : on the Louis- 
ville and Frankfort R. E., 30 m. N. W. Frankfort. 

Smithfield, p. v., and cap. Isle of Wight co., Virr/. : on 
an inlet of James' r., 25 m. W. by N. Norfolk and 5S m. 
S. E. Richmond. It contains a court-house and other 
county buildings. Pop. 433. 

Smithlasd, p. v., Livingston co., Ky.: on the Ohio r.. at 
the lower side of the mouth of Cumberlan<l r., 75 ni. below 
Raleigh, 205 m. W. S. AY. Frankfort. It is a place of some 
importance, enjoying considerable trade with the interior 
of Tennessee, being a point for the re-shipment of goods 
destined np the Cumberland r. It contains a bank, several 
manufactories, a boat-yard, etc. 

Smitiil.\sd, p. 0., Cai-3 county, Tex.: 2So miles N. E. 
Aualiu City. 

Smithlakd, p. v., Randolph co., Mo.: 50 m. N. N. W. 
Jefferson City. 

Smithi'ort, p. v., and cap. M'Kean co., Petin. : on the 
W. side of Potiiio cr., 133 m. N. W. Harrisburg. It con- 
tains the court-house, jail, and other public buildings built 
of brick, an academy, several mills, etc. 

Smith's, p. o., Gallia co., Ohio: S4 m. S. E. Columbus. 

Smith's island, Somerset co., Md. : a long, narrow island, 
extending from Fog's Point, or Craig's Strait, nearly to 
Tangier Island. Less than one-half the island is within 
the limits of Maryland. 

Smith's island, New Hanover co., K. Car. : is loe.Tled at 
the mouth of Cape Fear r. Cape Fear is on the S. ex- 
tremity of the island, and a lighthouse stands on the "W. 
side, overlooking the channel. Lat. SS° 43' N., and long. 
7S3 9' W. 

Smith's point, Yirg.: the eastera extremity of Northum- 
berland CO., extending into Chesapeake bay. 

Smith's Basin, p. v. an<l sta., AVashingtun co,, N. Y. : on 
Wood cr. and on the Saratoga and Washington R. R. and 
Champlain Canal. 65 m. by railroad and 57 m, by canal, 
N. by E. Albany, 

Smithsbokougit, p. v., Tioga co., K. Y.: on llie X. si<!e 
of the Susquehanna r. and on the Xew Tork and Kri4- R. R., 
246 m. N. W. New York and 146 m. (direct) from Albany. 
It is a prettily situated village, 10 m. beyond Owego, at 
which point a bridge crosses the Susquehanna. 

Smithshurg, p. v., Washington co., Md. : in the midst of 
a fine agricultural district, 73 m. N. W. Annapolis. In 1S50 
it contained 366 inhabitants— 34S white and IS free colored. 

Smith's Cross Roads, p. o.. Rhea co., Tenn. : on W. side 
of Tennessee r., 103 m. S. E. Nashville. 

Smith's Cross Roads, p. o., Morgan co„ Yirg. : 141 m. 
N, N. W. Richmond. 

Smith's Ferry, p. c, Beaver co., Penn. : 179 m. W, N. W, 
Harrisburg. 

Smith's Ferry, v, and sta,, Hampshire co.. Mam. : on the 
right bank of the Connecticut r. anri on the Coinieelieut 
River R. R., 1*2 m, N. SpringfieM and 81 m. W, by S, Boston. 

Smith's Ford, p. v., York dist., X i\ir. : on the left bank 
of Broad r. 67 m, N. by W. Columbia. 

Smith's Fork, p. c, Hardin county, Tenn.: 97 m. S. W. 
Nashville. 

Smith's Gap, p. o., Hampshire co., Virg. : 145 ra. N. N. W. 
Riehinond, 

Smith's Grove, p. o., Warren county, Ky. : 61 m. S. E. 
Nashville, 

Smith's Grove, p. v,, Davie Co., N'. Car, : 102 m. W. 
Baleigh. 

Smith's Mills, p. c, Henderson co,^£y,: 97 m, S. "W. 
Nashville. 



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Smith's Mh-ls, p. v. and sta., Chautauque co., J^. K ; on 
Silver cr. and on Ihe New York and Erie K. R., 12^ m. E. 
Dunkirk, Uli m. N. W. by W. New York and 2S4 m. W. 
Albany. The v. ia surrounded by a highly cultivated farm- 
ing district. 

Smith's Mills, p. v., Carroll co., Miss. : on a branch of 
YallubusUa r., 9o m. N. Jackson. 

Smitu's Mili^, p. 0., Morrow county, Ohio : 42 m, N. 
Columbus. 

Smith's Mills, p. v., Clearfield co., Penn. : on a branch 
of Clearfield cr., S5 m. W. N. W. Harrisburg. Limcstuue 
is found in the vicinity. 

SsiiTii's Store, p. v., Spartanburg dist., S. Car.: on a 
branch of Tiger r., 09 m. N. W. Columbia. 

Sjiithto^tx, t. and p. v., Suffolk co.,^V. V. : bordering on 
Long Island Sound, 13S m. S. 8. E. Albany. Brained by 
Nesaquake r., affording good water-power. Surface in 
most part level ; soil inferior. The v. is at the head of boat 
ijavigation on the Nesaquake r., and contains besides a 
number of stores and mechanic shops, a factory for the 
manufacture of woolen goods, etc, A bay so called makes 
up from the sound into the t, and affords good anchorage 
for vessels during easterly storms. It abounds with a vari- 
ety of fish and wild fowl. Top. of 1 1,972. 

Smitdtown Eeanch, p. 0., Suffolk co., I/: Y. : 131 m. 
S. S. E. Albany. 

SiMiTuviLLE, p. v., and cap. Lawrence co., Ai'l: : on the 
left bank of Strawberry r.. 1()5 m. N. N. E. Little Kock. It 
wntains a court-house. Jail, etc. 

Smitiiville, p. v., Monroe co., Miss. : on a small stream 
flowing W. iuto Tombigbee r., l6l m. N. E. Jackson. 

SiiiTuviLLE, p. v., Peoria co., III. : at the head of Copperas 
cr., 58 ni. K. Springfield. 

SMiTin-ir.LE, p. v., Clay co., Mo. : on Smith's fork of Little 
Platte r., 13S rn. W. N. W. Jefferson City. 

Smithville, p. v., Jefferson co., 2v\ Y. : on a branch of 
(he Watertown and Pvome E. K., 5 m. S. Sai-kett's Harbor 
and 150 m. N. W. Albany. It contains a carriage manu- 
factory, several mills, etc 

Smitkvilij:, p. v., and cap. Brunswick co., iVI Cay: : on 
tbe W. side of Cape Fear r., near its mouth, anrl opposite 
Smith's Island. It has a good harbor, and coiilaitis a court- 
bouse, jail, and hospital. It is the seat of an academy, and 
is a U. S. military post. Pop. 1,464 

Smithville, p. v., Wayne co., Ohio: on a branch of Tus- 
carawas r., ?3 ra. N. E. Columbus. 

Smithtille, p. o., Lancaster county, Penn,: 33 m. 8. E. 
tiarrisburg. 

Smithtille, p. v., Abbevnlle dist, S. Car. : on "W. side 
of Long Cane cr., 75 m. "W. Columbia. The Abbeville 
Branch of Greenville and Columbia E. K. passes tlirough 
this place. 

Smtthyille, p. v., and cap. De Kalb co., Tenn.: 53 m. 
E. by S. Kashville, and contains the courl-bouse, jail, etc. 

Smithville, p. o., Powhatan county, Virg.: 21 m, "W. 
Richmond. 

Smith^t:lle, p. v., Worcester co., Mass. 

Smithville, L, Chenango co., y. Y.: 106 m. W. by 8. 
Albany. Drained by tributaries of Chenango r. Surface 
undulating ; soil fertile. It has good water-power and sev- 
eral mill-seats. Pop. 1,771. 

Smithville Flats, p. v., Chenango co., iV^ K .• on the 
E. Bide of Genegansielle cr., 1(19 m. W. by S. Albany. It 
contains manufactories of scythes, axes, rakes, pails, and 
leather, also several mills, workshops, etc. 

Smoky Hollow, p. o., Columbia co., X K .• a small mnn- 
ufacturiug place, 32 m. S. by E. Albany. It contains a 
manufactory of woolen goods, machine shops, etc. 

Smoky Ordinary, p. o., Brunswick co., Virg. : 53 m. 
S. by W. Kichmond. 

Smut Eye, p, o., Coffee county, Ala.: SI m. S. by E. 
Montgomery. 

Smyrna, p. v., Kent co., Del. : on the S. side of Duck cr. 
79i 



It is a pleasant place, and contains stores of various kinds, 
shops, printing-oflaces, etc. The "Delaware Herald," and 
" Smyrna Telegraph," are weekly issues. 

Smyrna, p. o., lunia county, Micfu : about 30 m. N. W. 
Lansing. 

Smyrna, t. and p. o., Aroostook co., Me.: 157 m. N. E. 
Augusta. Drained by the head waters of the Matlamaun- 
keag r., and branch of Uie Meduxnekeag r. Pop. 172. 

Smyrna, t. and p., v., Chenango co.. A'". Y.: 97 m. W. 
Albany. Drained by small streams, trlbutiirics of Chenango 
r., from which wa4er-power is derived. Surface broken and 
hilly ; soil fertile. Settled in 1792. The manufactures con- 
sist in woolen goods, lumber, leather, flour, oil, etc. The v. 
is on a small stream, has good water-power, and contains 
several mills, workshops, etc. Pop. of 1. 1,940. 

Smyrna, p. c, Barnwell district, S, Car. : 57 m. S. 
Columbia. 

Smvkna, 8ta., Eutherford co., Tenn.: on the Nashville 
and Chattanooga E. R., 21 m. S. NashvUlG. 

Smyena, p. c, Harrison co., Ohio: 90 m, E. by N. 
Columbus. 

Smyseb'3, sta., York co., Penn. : on Codorus cr. of Susque- 
hanna r., and on the Ballimore and Susquehanna R. R., at 
its junction with the Hanover Branch R. E., 36 miles S. 
Harrisburg. 

Smyth count}', Virg. Situate 8. W., and contains 516 
sq. m. Drained by head branches of Holslon river and 
New river. Surface broken and mountainous ; soil on the 
banks of the streams fertile. Chief "products wheat and 
Indian corn. Farms 4fJ0 ; maiuif 22; dwell. 1,146, and 
pop.— wh. 6,901, fr. col. 197, si. 1,064— total S,162. Copital: 
Marion. Public WorAs: Virginia and Tennessee R. E. 

Snake island, 2^. Y. : lies in the Niagara r., 4 m. below 
Black Rock. It consists of 50 acres of grass land. 

Snake Bars, v., Sierra co., Ctilif. : 137 m. N. E. Vallejo. 

Snapping Suoaw, p. o., Newton co., Oa. : 59 m. N. W. 
Milledgeville. ^ 

Sneed's Feket, p. 0., Onslow co., 2^. Car. : 97 m. 8. E. 
Columbia. 

Sneedsville, p. o., Hancock co., T-^nn.: 192 m. E. by N. 
Nashville. 

Snibab, p. v., Lafayette county. Mo. : 105 m. W. N. W. 
Jefferson City. 

Snickersvtlle, p. v., Loudon co., Virg. : near Snicker'a 
Gap, of the Blue- Ridge Mountains, 108 m. N. by W. Rich- 
mond. It is a small place, with about 135 or 140 inhabitants. 

Snider's, p. o., Washington county, Ay. ; 33 m. S. by W. 
Frankfort. 

Snow Camp, p. o., Orange co., 2^. Car. : 87 m. N. W. 
Raleigh. 

Snow Creek, p. o., Iredell co., iV". Car. : on a stream so 
called, 123 m. W. Raleigh. 

Snow Creek, p. o.,-Picken3 dist., S. Car. : 121 m. N. W. 
Columbia. 

Snow Creek, p. o., Marshall co., Miss. : 175 ni. N. by E. 
Jackson. 

Snow Creek, p. v., Franklin co., Virg. : on a stream &o 
called. 130 m. W. S. AV. Ri<-hmond. 

Snow Falls, p. o., Oxford co.. Me. : 45 m. W. Augusta. 

Snow Hill, p. v., Wilcox co., Ala.: on the left side of 
Cedar cr.,49 m. S. W. M<uiii;omery. 

Snow Hill, p. o., Hamilton co., Tenn.: l(iS m. S. E. 
Nashville. 

Snow Hill, p. v., Walker co., Ga.: on one of the head 
branches of Tennessee r., lS2m. N. W. Millodgeviile. 

Snow Hill, p. v., cap., and port of entry, Worcester co., 
M'f. : on the E. bank of Tomoke r, 25 m. above its con- 
fluence with tbe bay of the same name, 81 m. S. E. Annap- 
olis. It cnntains a court-house, jail, an academy, and other 
public buijilings. The total enrolled and licensed tonnage 
of the district in June, lS5n, was 9.512 tons', 225 tons of 
which are vessels under 20 tons burthen ; and of Ihe whole 
tonnage 2S5 tons are employed in the co.isting trade. The 



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total number of vessels built durin* the year ending June, 
1S50, was 26 schooners, 990 tons. The " "Worcester Shield'' 
is a weekly (whig) issue. Pop. T14. 

Snow Hill, p. v., Clinton county, OMo: 53 m. S. S. "W. 
Ciilurabus. 

Snow Hill, p. v., and cap. Greene co., 2?. Car. ; on S. 
Bide of Contentnca cr., branch of Neuse r.. 62 m. E, S. E. 
r.jtleigh. It contains a court-house, jail, and the usual num- 
ber of county buildings. 

Snow Shoe, I. and y. v.. Centre co., Perm. : 80 m. N. W. 
narrisL-urg. Drained by tributaries of Beach and Bald 
Kagl<! creeks, which furnish good water-power. Surface 
mountainous; the maiu ridge of the Allcghanies passing 
through the S. part. The v. is on a branch of Beach creek, 
azid contains sevt-ral mechanic sliops, mills, etc. 

Snow's Store, p. v., Windsor co., Veryn.: on a branch of 
White r, 39 m. S. Montpelier. 

Snowsville, p. 0., Choctaw co., J/ls-9. ; at the source of 
Tochamockany cr., 89 m. N. N. E. Jackson. 

Snvdersville, p. V,, Monroe CO., Peiiii. : 93 m. N. E. 
Harrisburg. 

SNTDERTowTf, p. V,, Northumberland co., Penn. : 55 m. 
N. Harrisburg. 

Soap Ceeee, p. c, Davis coxmly, la. : 73 m. S. W. Iowa 
City. 

SoccopATOT, p. v., Coosa county, Ala. .' on a tributary of 
C-<iosa r., 45 m. N. by E. Aloutgnmery. 

Social Cikcle. p. v.. Walton county, Ga. : on the Georgia 
II. R., 120 m. W. by N. Augusta, and 52 N. N. W. 
SlilledgeviUe. 

Sociality, p. o., Caltarangua co., JfT'. T. : on a tributary 
nf Conuewango cr., 21(3 ra. ^Y. by S. Albany. 

Society Hill, p. v., Macon co., Ala. : on Ufaupee cr. of 
Tallapoosa r., 53 ra. E. Montgomery. 

Society Hill, p. v.. Darlington disL, S. Car. : near Great 
Pedee r.. and on the Cheraw and Darlington K. R., T3 m. 
N. E. Columbia. 

Socorro, p. v., Socorro co., Jvi JTev.; on the right bank 
of the Uio Grande del Xnrte, 105 miles S. from Santa Fe. 
There is an old Spanish f<irt in the village. 

SoDCS, t and p. v., Wayne county, S. V. : 27 miles S. W. 
Oswego, and 17ij W. N. W. Albany. Lake Ontario bounds 
it on the N. Drained by Salmon and other creeks flowing 
into Sodus bay and Lake Ontario. The surface has a gentle 
declination toward the lake ; soil fertile, and much grain 
and grass is raised. Sodus bay makes up into the town, and 
is the best harbor on the lake shore. The v. is on the ridge 
road 5 miles S. of the lake, and has several mechanic shops, 
stores, etc. The t. contains a numbiT of manufactories, 
milts, etc. The manufaelures are chieSy flour, lumber, and 
leather. Pop. of t. 4,59S. 

SuDrs bay, Wayne county, X. T. : this bay makes np 
ft-om Lake Ontario, about 30 miles W. from Oswego, and 
30 E. from Rochester. It is a little more than 5 m. long, 
and from one and a half to three broad, containing an area 
exceeding 12 square miles. The entrance to it on the lake 
is protected by substantial piers, built by the United States 
government, of more than a mile in length, and is easily 
accessible at all times to larger vessels than are engaged in 
the commerce of the lakes. A revolving light and beacon 
are maintained at the public expense ; height of lantern CO 
feet: iat. 430 19' X. The bay is completely land-locked, so 
as to be protected from every wind, both from the lake and 
tlie shore. Its borders arc high and salubrious. The aver- 
age depth of the waters exceed 40 feet, and it is pronounced 
to be far the best harbor on any of the great lakes, and 
equal to any on this continent. It is sometimes called 
Great Sodus Bay. 

SoDL-s Centre, p. o., Wayne co., iVI T. : 179 m. W. N. W.- 
Albany. 

Sodus Point, p. v.. and port of entry, Wayne co., N". Y. : 
at the entrance of Sodus bay into Lake Ontario, 2S miles 
6. W. Oswego, and 170 W. N. AV. Albany (direel), and 223 



by canaL Although at present but a comi)iir.ilivi.|y small 
place, it is destiucil soon to become one of nnieb iiuport- 
ance. The Sodus canal, undergoing rapid completion, will 
connect it with the great channel of internal communica- 
tion, the Erie Canal, and with other interna! improvements. 
It is a tributary of the Erie Canal, and will be tlie means of 
bringing a large business into that portion of it which U":d 
between the juticvton at Clyde and Albany. It is also a 
tributary to the Cayuga and Seneca canals, conn'.-cting the 
Cayuga and Sonecu lakes with the Erie Canal. The Sodus 
Canal is of the same capacity as the enlarged Erie Canal, 70 
feet width by 7 feet depth, with corresponding Im-ks. It 
will easily admit vessels of 200 tons, which will pass from 
the Welland Canal and the ports of Lake Ontario Ihroiigb to 
Albany or to Ithaca wilhuut breaking bullc. A riiilroad 
connects the v. with the Rochester and Syracuse R. li. 
(direct line), and the Sodus Point and Southern R. R. con- 
nects it with the New York and Erie R. R. at KIraira. This 
will eventually be the great coal dep6l on the lake, and the 
railroad will be the main channel of conveyance from the 
Pennsylvania mines. The building of wharves, elc, is in 
contemplation, which will much improve the harbor and 
facilitate the trade. 

Solano county, Calif. Situate centrally, with its base 
resting on Suisson bay and Sacramento r., and contains 
about SUO sq. m. Putah r. makes its N. E., and Suscol Hills 
the 3. W. boundary. The Putah rises in the mouutiiius, 
winils tlirough a rich, lovely, and fertile plain, and loses 
itself in the extensive '' tules'' which lie between the plains 
and the Sacramento. The western part of the county is 
mountainous, with many small valleys, well adapted to 
stock-raising. At the head of Green Valley is a conspicu- 
ous double peak, and another of lesser magnitude, between 
Green and Suscol valleys. Suscol Valley lies W. of Suscol 
Hills, running N. from the city of Vallejo, dnd is S m. long 
and 3 m. in width, Napa bay washing its whole length. 
This is a desirable farming region, and is nott-d for its lux- 
uriant growth of wild oats. Sulphur Spring Valley runs uj) 
from Suisson bay, 2 m. N. of Benicia, winds throiigli the 
Suscol Hills 5 or 6 m., and has a width of from ll>0 to 401) 
yards; soil rich and well watered. Green Valley lies E. of 
Suscol Ilills,-and is about 6 m. long and from 1 to 2 m. wide; 
a largo portionis always green — hence its name. Suisson 
Valley lies N. of Suisson bay, and is easily accessible by the 
Suisson r., which runs through its centre; it opens out on 
the E. into the Sacramento Valley. Soil exceedingly fer- 
tile, and much cuJiivated. Ulattis Valley lies farther to the 
N. E. and is 5 m. long and 1^ wide, runs N. W. between 
two hills, and opens out into the Sacramento Valley, wdiich 
last extends as far as the eye can reach, and Is covered with 
wild oats, and is not liable to inundation. North of Vallejo, 
four miles, there is a large soda spring running from Suscol 
Valley to Napa bay; and 3 m. E. of this there i% another, 
which, winding through low hills, and passing throuiih the 
same valley, empties into the same bay. A sulphur spring, 
of warm temperature, about 3 m. N. Benicia. gives name to 
the valley through which it passes. Mining is in this county 
oidy a secondary industry; its great and most valuable in- 
terest is agriculture, f->r which its climate and soil Is pecu- 
liarly adapted. Orchards and vineyards are seen in several 
parLs, and the productions of 5,949 acres under cultivation 
in 1^52 were very large. Capital employed in quartz mining, 
$S.00tJ; in other mining operations, $24,000 ; and for other 
purposes, $110,900. Pop. at the date specified 2,S35— whites 
2.7-2G— males 2,324, and females 402 ; negroes 2?— males 26, 
and f*rm.ile3 2; mulaltoes, 25 males; Indians 4G— males 31, 
and females 15 ; and foreign residents S91~males 790, and 
females 101 ; citizens of United States over 21 years of age, 
1.298. Capital: Vallejo or Benicia. Public Works: Be- 
nieia and Marysville R. R. 

SuLEMS Grove, p. v., Moore CO., N". Car. : S. side James' 
creek, 53 m. S. S. AV. Raleigh. 

SouDAn mission, Monterey county, Calif. : 19 m. S. E. 

795 



SOL 



SOM 



Monterey, and 111 m. S. S. E. Vallejo. It is lueated in a 
rich and fertile valley, and is celebrated tor its fine vine- 
yards. The lands are owned by private individuals. 

Solon, p. v., Johnson cc, la. : on a branch of the Iowa 
river, 11 m. N". Iowa City. 

Solon, t and p. v., Somerset CO., Me. : on the E. side of 
Kennebec r., 45 ra. N. Augusta. Drained by small streams, 
tributaries of the Kennebec. It has a considerable pond in 
the N. E. part. Soil fertile, and well adapted to general 
farming. The v. is pleasantly located on the Kennebec r., 
and has some mamifacturos. Pop. of 1. 1,419. 

Solon, t. and p. v., Cortlandt county, N. Y. : 116 m. W. 
Albany. Drained l)y Otselic r. and brrmehes of Tioughnio^a 
river. Surface undulating; soil of good quality, adapted to 
grazing. The v. is on a branch of Tionghnioga r., and has 
some manufactures. Pop. of t. 1,150. 

Solon, t. and p. v., Cuyahrtga county, Ohio : 122 m. N. E. 
Columbus. Drained by Chagrin r. and its branches, and 
by Tinker or., on the former of which there are a number 
of falls which afford extensive water-power. Surface level ; 
soil of the highest fertility, producing grains in abunrlauce 
and excellent grass. The v. is centrally situate. The t. 
contains several manufactories. Pop. 1,033. 

Solon Mills, p. v., M'Henry county, III. : on S. side of 
Nipasink cr., 4 m. S. of N. boundary of the State, and 193 m. 
N. E. Springtield. 

SoLSviLLE, p. o., Madison co,, 2i. Y.: 96 m. W. by N. 
Albany. 

SoMEKFiELn. p. v., Somerset co., Pertn. : on the E. bank 
of Toughiogheny r., 133 m. W. S. "W. Ilarriaburg. 

SoMERS, t, and p. v., Tolland county. Conn. : 20 ra. N. E. 
Hartford. Drained by Seantic r. Surface on the W. level 
and fertile ; on the E. elevated and mountiinous, with good 
pasturage for sheep. The v. is located on one of the head 
branches of Seantic river, and contains a manufactory at 
wliich straw hats are extensively manufactured. Popula- 
tion of 1. 1,.510. 

SoMEis, t and p. v., "Westchester co., J\^. T. : 92 m. S. by E. 
Albany. Drained by Croton river and tributaries. Surface 
uneven, with some extensive pinins; soil adapted to grain 
and grass. The village contains a bank and 2 churches. 
pop.oft.lJ22. 

SoMBESET county, 3fe. Situate toward th*e N. W. of the 
State, and contains 3,S40 sq. m. Kennebec river lia\in2; its 
rise in Moose-head lake, flows through the co. centrally, by 
which and its tributaries, and by Penobscot and other fine 
streams it is drained. Surface varied— in styme parts elevated, 
and its hiils and valleys present a plea.**.ant prospect. Soil 
fertile in the southern portions, but the N. is mostly wilder- 
ness, with numerous lakes interspersed. Chief productions, 
wheat, Indian corn, and potatoes. Agriculture is the lead- 
ing pursuit. Farms S.SIS; manuf. 15.5; dwell. 5,917, and 
pop._wh. 35,5TT, fr. col. 4^total 85,551. Capital: Nor- 
ridgewock. 

Somerset county, Md. Situate toward the S. E., and con- 
tains 4S5 Bq. m. Drained by Annemesic, Manokin, and 
"Wicomico rivers, and branches of Nantiooke river, which 
fnrins its N. "W. boundary. Surface low and level, and a 
large portion is marshy. Soil, with cultivation, is fertile, 
and the swamp, when drained, makes good pasturage. It 
contains some sulphur and mineral springs, and beds of 
bog-iron ore. Oak, pine, ash. cedar, chestnut, and maple 
arc found on the land, which is in general well timbered. 
Farnisl,4S5: manuf. 7G; dwell. 3.1 r>S, and pop.— wh.l3,3S5, 
fr. col. 3,4S3, si. 5,5S8— total 22,450. Cdjntal: Princess 
Anne, 

Somerset county, jv; Jer. Situate N. centrally, and con- 
tains 232 sq. m. Karitan r. passt^s through it centrally, by 
which and its branches it is drained. Surface diversified; 
soil a fine deep mold on the streams, and very productive. 
Staples, wheat and Indian corn. It exports pork and sheep 
very largely. Farms 1.550; manuf. 137; dwell. 3.44S, and 
pop.— Wh.i7,965,nr.col. 1,696,81. 27-^totaI 19,6S8. Capital: I 
796 



Somerville. Pttllic 11 oris : New Jersey Central E. R. ; 
Delaware and liaritan CanaJ. 

Somerset county, Perm. Situate S. toward the "W.. and 
contains 977 sq. m. Drained by affluents of Youghiogheny 
and Conemaugh rivers. Surface hilly, and in the N. IrV. is 
Laurel Hill Mountain. The Alleghany range forms its ea^^- 
ern boundary. Soil fertile, and produces wheat and grain 
in great abundance. It has excellent pasturage, and large 
numbers of cattle and hogs are fattened annually and ex- 
ported. Farms 1,613; manuf. SS; dwell. 13,969, and pop. 
— wh. 24.317, fr. col. 99— total 24.416. ' Capital : SomerjeL 

Somerset, p. v., and cap. Pulaski county, Ay. : 73 nw 
S. byE. Frankfort. It contains a court-house, jail, county 
offices, etc. 

Somerset, t. and p. v., Bristol co.. Mass. : on the W, side 
of Taunton r., and opposite Fall Kiver, having Mount Hope 
bay on the S., 43 m. S. Boston. Its navigable facilities are 
excellent. It has some shipping, and ship-building is car- 
ried on. In 1&49 the imports of sperm oil amounted to 140 
barrels. The v. is located on Taunton r., and contains manu- 
factories of stone and earllien ware. Pop. of 1. 1.166. 

Somerset, t. and p. o., Hillsdale county, Midi. : 4S m. S. 
Lansing. Drained by head branches of Kaisin r. It con- 
tains the highest land in the Slate. Soil fertile, producing 
wheat, com, oats, etc. Pop. 913. 

Somerset, p. v., Monroe co., Mo. : on the "W. side of Salt 
river, 68 in. N. Jetferson City. 

Somerset, p. v., Wabash co., Ind. : on the right bank of 
the Mississinewa river, on the State road, 68 m. N. by E. 
Indianapolis. 

Somerset, t. and p. v., Niagara co., K, Y. : bordering on 
Lake Ontario, 31 ra. N. E. Niagara City, and 256 W. by N. 
Albany. Drained by Golden Hill cr, and. other streams 
flowing into the lake. Surface even ; soil, sand and clay 
loam. It h:is some manufactures. The v. is on a small 
stream near the lake. Pop. of I. 2,154. 

Somerset, p. v., and cap. Perry county, Ohio: on the 
Cincinnati, "Wilmington, and ZanesviUe E. K., 37 m. E. by 
S. Columbus. It contains the court-house, jail, and other 
county buildings, an academy (the St. Mary's — Catholic), 
several stores, etc. The "S. Post" (whig), and "Perry Co. 
Democrat" (dem.) are both weekly issues. Pop. 1,240. The 
Dominiean Convent of St. Joseph^s (Catholic) is located aesx 
the village. 

SoMEiu^ET, t, p. b., and cap. Somerset co., Penn. : 115 m. 
W. by S. Ilarrisburg. Drained by Laurel Hill, Middle, and 
Cox's creeks. Surface undulating ; soil fi-rlile. It has several 
small manufactories, mills, etc. The b. on Cox's cr., was . 
incorporated in 1S<M, and contains the court-house and jail, 
built of stone, county ofllces, built of brick, an academy, a 
number of mills, etc. Two papers are issued weekly, the 
" Herald" \ whis), and the " Visitor" (dem.) Pop. SG6. 

So-MERft Point, p. v., Atlantic co., X. Jet: : on Great Egg 
Harbor bny, 63 m. S. by E. Trenton. It is the port of entry 
for Great Egg Harbor district ; its tonnage, according to Iho 
rturns of ls50, was 14,0S4 tons, enrolled and licensed, and 
all engaged in the coasting trade. It h.is uo foreign cotiH 
merce or ship-building. 

SoMEi'.sviLLE, p. o., Tollaud CO., Conn. : 21 m. N. E, 
Hartford. 

SoMRRSwoRTH, t., Strafford co., X. ITamp. : 32 m. E. 
Concord. Drained by small streams flowing into Salmon 
Falls r., whieli bounds it on the N. E. The soil is well 
adapted to all kinds of grain ; red and yellow ochre, and 
iron ore are found. This is a large manufacturing town, but 
the manufrielures are principally carried on at the village of 
Great Falls, at the head of tide-water. (.5fe Great Fai.t,s v.) 
Otis' Hill is in this town, from the summit of which the 
"White Mountains can be seen. There are two considerable 
ponds in the town. Pop. 4.945. 

SoMERTON, p. v.. Belmont co., Ohio: on a branch of 
Captiva cr, 97 m. E, Columbus. It contains several church- 
es, Btores, tobacco factories, etc. It is located in an exlen- 



SOM 



SOU 



eive tobacco region, and large quantities are cultiTated in the 
iaimediale vicinity. Pop. 192. 

SoMEP.TON, p. 0., Philadelphia co., renn. : 97 m. E. S. E. 
Ilarrisburg. 

SoMEBTOx, p. v., Nanseraond cc, Vir[/. .* on the E. aide 
of Sumt-rton or., SO m. S. E. lliehmond. 

SoMERViLLF, p. V., and cap. Morgan co., Ala. : 6 m. S. 
of the Tennessee river, and 150 N. by W. Montgomery. It 
cimlains a court-house, jail, and other i)ublic buildings. 

EJo.MERViLLK, t, and p. v., Middlesex co., Mass.: 3 m. "W. 
ot: Boston. This t. was set off from Chaiieslown, and incor- 
jwrated in 1842. It is bonnded in i)art by Mystic r., Miller's 
creek, and an arm of Charles river. Brained by a small 
siream called the Shawshun. Surface elevated and hilly. 
The celebrated hills, called "Winter and Prospect, are com- 
prised in this town. The M'Lean Asylum for the Insane is 
located liere, and the Milk Kuw Bleaching Company have 
their extensive works in this place. The Boston and Maine 
K. K., and the Fitchburg K. K. pass through the v. 10 m. 
from Keading, 2S ro. from Lowell, and 47 m. from Fitchburg. 
It is a place of considerable trade. Pop. -3.540. 

SoMEF.viLLE, p. V., aud cap. Somerset co., ^. Jer. : on 
the N. of Karitan river, 23 m. N. by E. Trenton. The New 
Jersey Central K. R. passes through, 26 m. from Elizabeth- 
port, and oS from Easton. It is a neat and well-built place, 
laid out in a fertile and highly cidtivatcd country, and con- 
tains a court-house, jail, an academy, several churches, etc. 
Copper ore is found about one and a half miles N. of the v. 
The '* Somerset Messenger" (dera.) aud the " Somerset 
^Vhig■' (whig) are issued weekly. 

SoMEHTiLLE, p. 0., St. Lawrcnce county, X. Y. : 153 m. 
N. W. Albany. The Rossie iron-works are in the vicinity. 

SoMEKViLLE, p. 0., Butlcr CO., Ohio : on a branch of the 
Miami r., and on the Cincinnati, Hamilton, and Eaton 
E. E., 00 m. "W. S. W. Columbus. It contains several stores, 
workshops, etc. 

SoMERTiLLE, p. V., and cap. Fayette co., Tenn. : on the 
Loosahalchy r., 156 ra. S. W. Nashville. It contains a court- 
liouse, jail, a male and female academy, and a branch ot 
Uie bank of Tennessee is located here. Somerville College 
has been chartered here, and a building is erecting. 

SoMEr.viLLE, p. v., Fauquier co., Vir(/.: on the left side 
of Cannon r., 65 ra. N. by W. liichmond. 

SoMONAXJK, p. v., De Kalb county, I/L : on a cr. so called, 
13T m. N. E. Springfield. In the vicinity are large- groves 
of excellent timber, such as wahmt, sugar tree, elm, 
aspen, etc. 

Sonoma county, Culif. Situate "W. between the Coast 
Range and the Pacific Ocean, and contains 1,200 sq. m. 
Surface mountainous and intersected by fertile valleys, 
which run in a direction N. and S. and watered by Sonoma, 
Petaluma, Russian, and other streams. Except Russian 
r., which flows to the Pacific above Bodega, these empty 
tntij Pablo bay. American r. and Pablo bay, makes the S. 
boundary of the co. The rich valleys of this co., protected 
from the winds, are the seats of great agricultural operations, 
ajid supply to San Francisco a large share of vegetable 
products lonnd in its markets. In 1S52, there were 
9,387 acres of land under cultivation, which produced grain 
and green crops in abunrlance. The stock of live animals 
is comparatively large, and feeds on the native grasses, 
which are highly nutritious, Vahie of town lots, $101,552; 
of farming implements. $50,472; of merchandise, $29,760; 
and <if land, etc., $47,665. There was in the co., 5 threshing 
machines, 6 blacksmith's shops, a tan-yard, 21 carriages, and 
21S wagons. It is not a raining county. Pop. at the date 
noted 2,337: whites 1,S72— males 1,351), and females 513; 
negroes 5 — ^males 4, and females 1 ; mulattoes 7 — males 5, 
and females 2; Indians 276 — males 223, and females 153; 
and foreign residents 11 S — males S5, and females 29. Over 
21 years of age — citizens of United States 8-Sl, negroes 4, 
mulattoes 7, Indians 132, and foreign residents 79. Capital : 
Sonoma. 



Sonoma, p. v., and cap. Sonoma co., Calif. ; on the TV. 
side of Siiuoma cr., 3 miles distant, and in the valley so 
calle<l, 3 m. N.W. Vallejo. This is an excellent agricultural 
place, tlie land being good, the country healtliy, and never 
very cold in winter— snow being seen only in the highest 
mountains. This part of the country contains the best 
grazing land, many places being covered with clover aud 
with wild nats. It is the <.ldest town in the nortli side of 
the San Pablo bay, and now has the remains of what was 
once a flourishing mission. Its importance will depend 
upon the appropriation of the rich agricultural resources 
which the valley possesses. There is a fort located here, 
and it is also a United States military post. The residence 
of General Vallejo is in the village. Pop. 600. 

Sonoma, p. v., and cap, Tuolumne county, Ctilif. : on the 
head waters of Tuolumne r., 56 m. E. by S. Stockton, and 
111 m. Yallejo. It is located in the mountains, and is sur- 
rounded by an excellent agricultural country. There ate 
mines in its vicinity. ' 

Sooy's Ins. p. u., Burlington co., IT. Jer.: a small mill- 
seat on thb left bank of Little Egg Harbor r., 41 m. S. E. 
Trenton. 

Sopcnoppr, p. v., \yakulla co., Flor. : on the left baid; nf 
the Ocklncking r., at the mouth of Seckehooho cr., 31 m. 
S. S. W. Tallahassee. 

Sop.BT, p. o., "Wajnie co., Tenn. : 79 m. S. W. Nashville. 

SoKHELL HoKSE, p. 0., Montgomety co., Fenn. : 79 m. E. 
Ilarrisburg. 

SouciiAiiATcnEE, p. o., Tallapoosa county, Ala.: on 
the r. so called, branch of the Tallapoosa, 33 m. E. N. E, 
Montgomery. 

South Ahington, p. v. and sta., Plymouth co.. Mam.: 
on the Old Colony R. R., 21 m.-S. Boston; and the Bridge- 
water Br. R. II, verges from here, 7 m. N. E. Abinglon. 

South Acton, v. and sta., Middlesex co.. Mass. : on the 
Fitchburg R. R., 25 ra. N. W. by W. Boston. 

South Acwokth, p. o,, Sullivan county, iV. Ilamp. : on 
Cold r., 36 m. 'NV. Oiiicord. 

South Adams, v. and sta., Berkshire co., Masa. : on the 
Pittsfield and North Adams R. R., 14 m. Pittsfleld, aud 
109 ra. N. W. by W. Boston. 

SouTJi Alabama, p. o., Genesee county, JV. Y. : 249 m. 
W. by N. Albany. 

South Albion, p; c, Kennebec co., Me.: 23 m. N. E. 
Augusta. 

South Albion, p. c, Calhoun co., Mic/i. : 39 ra. S. by W. 
Lansing. 

South Axbion, p. o., Oswego co., 2r. Y. : 1-34 m. W. N. "W. 
Albany. 

South Alden, p. o., Erie county, y. T.: 252 ra. TT. 
Albany. 

South At.ten, p. o.. Belknap co„ JV; Flump. : near the 
line of the Cocheco R. R., 21 m. N. E. Concord. 

South Ambov, p. o., Middlesex Co., J/«av*. .■ 20 m. N. W. 
Boston. 

South Amboy, t. and sta., Middlesex co., 2^. Jer. : on S. 
side of Raritan bay. 28 m. N. E. Trenton. The Camden and 
Amboy R. R. terminates at the mouth of Raritan river, 63 m. 
from Philark-lphia, and is connected by the company's 
steamboats with New York, 27 m. Here is a good h,^^bor. 
In the vicinij^y is a large manufactory of stone-ware from 
excellent clay, which is here abundant. There arc also in 
the t. several stores and mills. 

South Ajjenia, p. o., Duchess co., .Al Y. : 64 m. S. by E. 
Albany. 

Socth AMnr.RiiT, p. o., Hampshire co., Mass. : 74 m. "W. 
Boston. 

SournAMPTON county, T7?'i7. Situate S. E.. and contains 
614 sq. ni. Drained by Notlaway r. and its branches. Sur- 
face level ; soil fertde, adapted to grain and grazing. Chief 
products, Inrlian corn, cotton, and tobacco. Farms 722; 
manuf. 6; dwell. 1,572, and pop.— wh. 5,971, fr. col, 1,79a, 
si. 5,755— total 13,521. Cubital: Jerusalem. 



sou 



sou 



SoiTTTiAMPTON, t. and p. v., Hampshire co., Mitsft. : S7 m. 
"W". Boston. Watered by Manham r., which passes twice 
through the t, flowing S. E. and N. E., and affords good 
water-power. In the N. part is a lead mine, to which a 
subterraneoxig passage 900 feet long lias been cut, mostly 
through solid rock. The t. contains several mills of various 
kinds, and a tannery. The v. at the centre contains a church, 
academy, etc. The extension of the New Haven and 
N'Tthampton E. K. on the line of the old canal, will pass 
through the t. Pop, of t, 1,060. 

Southampton, p. o., Peoria county, III.: 73 m. N. 
Springfield. 

SouTtiAUPTON, t. and p. v., SufTolk co., N. Y. : on S. side 
of E. exircmity <>f Long Island, between Grt*at and Little 
Peconic bays and the Atlantic Ocean, U2 m. S. S. E. Albany. 
Surface level ; soil light sandy loam. The v. on the B. shore, 
contains a church, academy, 3 wind-mills, with several 
taverns, stores, etc. Sag Harbor, in N. E. corner of the I., 
is its principal place, besides which are several small settle- 
ments. Pop. of t. 6,501. 

Southampton, t. and p. o., Somerset co., PetVn.: 105 m. 
"U". S. W. Ilarrisburg. Drained by y^'iWs, cr. and tributaries. 
Surface mountainous; soil adapted to grain and grazing. 
It contains several amall manufactures. 

SouTu Andovek, p. o., Oxford co., Me, : 51 m. W, N. "W. 
Augusta. 

South Anna, p. o., Louisa county, Vlrg. : 45 m. N. "W. 
Eichmond. 

South Aegyle, p. o., "Washington county, IT. Y. : 40 m. 
N. by E. Albany. 

, SoiTTn AsHBUKNHAM, V. and sta., Worcegter co.. Mass, : 
at the junction of the Cheshire R. K with the Vermont and 
Massachusetts E. E.,13 m. W. Fitchburg and 49 m.W. N.W. 
Boston. 

South Assteia, p. o., Barry county, Mich.: 85 m. S-W. 
Lansing. 

South Arri-ECOKOtrGn, p. v., Bristol co., Mass.: 84 m. 
S. S. W. I^Qston. 

South Aubukn, p. c, Susquehanna co., PeTin. : 108 m. 
N. N. E. Harrisburg. 

South Avon, p. o,, Livingston county, 27'. Y.: 214 m. 
"W. by N. Albany. 

South Bajnekidge, p. v., Chenango co., JV: 3^ .• on both 
sides of Susquehanna r., 98 m. W. S. W. Albany. It con- 
tains a few stores and mills, and 2 churches. 

South Barke, p. v., Orleans co., A"". Y. : 234 m. W. by N. 
Albany. 

South Barre, p. v., "Washington co., Verm. : 8 m. S. S. E. 
Monlpelier. 

South Belungham, p. v., Norfolk countj', Mass. : 20 m. 
S. W. Boston. The Norfolk County R. R. passes near it. 

South Bend, p. v., Arkansas county, ArA: : on the right 
bank of the Arkansas r., 6S m. S. E. Little Rock. 

South Benp, p. o., Armstrong county, Penii, 18T m. 
W. by N. Harrisburg. 

South Bend, p. o., Lawrence co., Mo, : 132 m. 8. W. 
Jefferson City. 

South Bend, p. v., and cap, St. Joseph co., Ind.: on the 
south ben<l of the St. Joseph's r., from which it derives its 
name, 129 m. N. Indianapolis. Its location is on a high 
bank. The settlement commenced in 1831, previous to 
which it had been an Indian trading post. L. M. Taylor 
and A. Coquillard were among the first settlers. The pub- 
lic buildings consist of a court-house, jail, 4 churches, a 
county seminary, and a branch of tlie State bank, all built 
of brick. There are also 2 mills capable of making 150 bbls. 
of flour each per day, 1 woolen factory, 1 oil mill that man- 
ufactures 80 gallons a day, establishments for building thresh- 
ing machines, several saw-mills, an edge-tool factory, ma- 
chine shops, an establishment for making pegs, lasts, veneer- 
ing, lath, etc., all propelled by water-power created by a 
dam in the St. Joseph r. The village is improving rapidly. 
It is connected with Chicago bv the Michigan Southern, 
«9S 



and Northern Indiana R. R., distant from Chicago 5S m. 
E. by S., which, with its fine situation, excellent water- 
power, etc., gives assurance that it will soon rank with the 
largest town in northern Indiana. The " St. Joseph Valley 
Eogi'^ter" is a weekly (whig) issue. There are in the vil- 
lage over 300 houses and about 1,600 inhabitants. 

South Beune, p. o., Albany co., Al }'. ; 21 m. W. by 8. 
Albany. 

South Berwick, t and p. v., York co.. Me. : on the S. E. 
side of Salmon Falls, 95 m. S. W. Augusta. Drained by a 
branch of the Piscataqua r., which bounds it on the W. 
The fulls on the river supplies the town with immense hy- 
draulic power, and it has extensive manufactories of eollon 
and woolen goods, leather, etc. The '* Great "Works" Man- 
ufacturing Company, located here, was incorporated ia 
1S37. The village is located on the navigable waters of 
Piscataqua r. It contains a bank, and is a place of consid- 
erable trade. The Portland, Saco, and Portsmouth R. B. 
passes through, and the Boston and Maine R. li. connects 
at the villfige, 13 m. from Portsmouth and 88 m. from PorV 
land. Pop. of t 2,592. 

South Bloomitrld, p. v., Pickaway co., Ohio: 1 m. E. 
of the Scioto r. and on. the Ohio Canal, 31 m. N. Portsmouth 
and 18 m. S. Columbus. 

South Bloomfield, p. o., Somerset co., Me. : 30 m. N. 
Augusta. 

SuuTHBOROUGH, L, p. V.. and sta., "Worcester co., Mass. : 
27 m. W. by S. Bosion. Drained by a branch of Sudbury r. 
Surface undulating; soil rich, and well cultivated. It has 
some light manufactures, but it is chiefly a farming town. 
The V. is located N. of the Boston and Worcester K. R., on 
which is the sta., 17 m. E. "Worcester. Pop. of t. 1,347. 

South Boston, p. o., loma co., Jifzch. : ^9 m. W. by N. 
Lansing. 

South Boston, p. 0., "Washington co., Lid. : on a fork 
of Great Blue r., SO m. 8. by E. Indianapolis. 

South Ekadford, p. v., Merrimac co., -V. Hamp. : 20 m. 
W. Concord. 

South Bradford, p. o., Orange co., Vetin. : 27 m. S E. 
Montpelier. 

South Bradford, p. o., Stebbeu county, 2f. Y. : 176 m. 
W. by S. Albany. 

South Braintree, p. t. and sta., Norfolk co., Mass. : at 
the junction of the Old Colony and Fall River railroads, 
42 m. N. by E. Fall River and 11 m. S. Boston. 

SouTnBRiDGE, Sta., Niagara co., A'. Y. : on the Rochester, 
Lockport, and Niagara Falls E. R., 9 m. N. Eutfalo and 
276 m. "W. by N. Albany. 

SouTHBRipGE, t. and p. v., "Worcester co., Ma-^s. : 56 m, 
S. "W. Boston. Drained by the Quinnebaug r. and brauehes, 
aflTording good water-power. Surface uneven and hilly; 
soil adapted to fruit, grain, etc. It has several manufacto- 
ries of cotton and wooden gfiods, among which are those of 
the " Central Manufacturing Company," at which are man- 
ufactured 1,500,000 yards of sheetings per annum. The v. 
is on tlie right bank of Quinnebaug r., and contiuus a bank, 
several churches, etc. Pop. of t. 2.624. 

South BRtncETON, p. v., Cumberland c<i.^\Me.: 56 m. 
S. W. Augusta. 

South Bristol, t. and p. v., Ontario co., A^ Y. : on the 
W. side of Cananduigua lake, 192 yi. "W. Albany. Drained 
by sm.Tll streams fluwing into Canandaigua lake. Surface 
uneven; soil of moderate fertility. It contains some light 
muiuifactures. The v. is on Mud cr. Pop. of t 1,130. 

South Bristol, p. o., Racine CO., Wise. : 75 m. E. S. E. 
Madison. 

South Britain, p. v.. New Haven eo., Cotin. : on Pom- 
pesaug river, 36 m. S. "W. Hartford. It is a flourishing and 
neat place, and contains several manufactories of carpets, 
hats, etc. 

South Brookfield, p. o., Madison co., N. Y. : 84 m. W. 
Albany. 

r?oUTH BnuNswicK, t. and p. o., Middlesex co., K. Jer.: 



sou 



15 miles N. E. Trenton. Millstone river forms Ihc 8. W. 
boundary. Drained by branches of Millstone river and 
Lawrence's branch of Earitan r. " Sand Hdls" are in the 
N. W. pari, otherwise the surface is level ; soil fertile and 
well cultivated. This is chiefly an agricultural to%vn, and 
but few manufactures. The Trenton and New Brunswick 
E. E. passes throngh the W. part of the town. Population 
8,868. 

SouTiinniY, t. and p. v., New Haven CO., Conn. : on the 
N. side iif the Housatonic river, ST m. S. W. Hartford. 
Watcr-p.nver is derived from the Pampesaug r.. on which 
are located several mills. Surface uneven ; soil in the up- 
lands warm and productive, and along the river there is 
some good meadow land. The v. is on Pampesaug river, a 
tine mill-stream. Th^- 1. contains some manufactaries, and 
coal has liueu discovered. Pop. of t. I.-154. 

SoUTU CuTLEK, p. o.,Wayne Co., A'. Y. : 1G> m. N.W. by W. 
Albany. 



SOU 

Sotrm BcTLEB. p. o„ Butler county, Ala. : 49 m. S. S. W. 
Montgomery. There are springs located in the vicinity. 

Sooth Bteon, p. o., Genesee eo., JV. i'. : 22= m. W. by N. 
Albany. 

Soura CAmO, p. o., Greene county, JV. 1' •■ 2'J ra 9. by TV. 
Alljany. 

South Ojjkaan, p. o., Essex county. Term. : TO m. N. E. 
Montpelier. 

SotJTU Oakaan, p. v., Litchflel.i co., Cimn,: on Ilollen- 
back r., on a tributary of the Housatonic. 3") m. X. W. liy W. 
Hartford. Establislmients for the manufacture of aneliors. 
etc.. are located on the llollenback and Hous.uonic riviirs. 
and there is .also a satinet manufael ory in tlie v. Lime- 
stone is found here, and lime of a superior quality is manu- 
factured and exported. 

South Candor, p. v. and sta., Tioga co., .V. Y.: on tho 
Cav-uga and Susquehanna li. K.,.') miles N. Osweir.J. 05 S. E. 
Cayuga, and 13S S. W. by W. Albany. ( 



THE STATE OF SOUTH CAROLINA. 

SorrniC.ROLTVA is Situate between the latitudes 820 04' and 35012' north, and between the longitudes TSO 25' and 
Sa" l^^t l^oS G eenwich, or 1^ 2S' and »o n' fro.n Washington. Its shape is irreg.darly tmu.gular. The d.s^ance 
north anTsouth on the meridian of Savannah is 212 miles, and from the bead of ■^"^«>^^ ^^^ ^^^^Z^ 
of T ittlc River on the east, 263 miles. On the south-east the Atlamic forms lU boundary for ui.w.ird of -00 "nles , on 
me omu^'est d^vfdin. i from Georgia, the Sa>annah Eiver for 240 miles, or following the wmdmgs of the stream, 
upward o^S mdes-and the north hue, separating it from North Carolina, is an irregular eonvcnfonal bound.ary. 
Includeil within these limits the land area is estimated at 24.500 square miles. . ^ ..^ „ ,„, „.,„,. n„,l 

The coalt region for 100 mUes from the ocean is covered with forests of pitch pine, mtersected w,th »^vampy trac s, an, 
inecoasir m assimilates the whole southern coast region. Beyond this, and 

TarX 'o it^^ is iS of ; tTy, c^led the "Middle Country," consistingof low sand hills, rese.nbling the waves of an 
Se 1 se.? Ths tract occasionally presents an oasis of verdure, or a plantation of mai.e, but otherw-ise >t is forbidding 
lie IVr^ llurist The middle country is bounded westward by another belt of land, called the ' Eidge, where he 
ounryTeyu steep and sudden elevation, and anerward continues gradually to ascend. Beyond, he -^face ex lihits 
a be dif 1 alt/mation of hill and dale, interspersed with extensive forests, and watered by pleasant streams There are 
a few n u™u m in the westerti part, belonging to the Blue Eidge. Tabic Mountain, in this chain rises to the height 

of loOO feerabove the level of the sei King's Mountain, in York District, lies partly in North Carolina, and ,s an iso- 

'''^:;Z;;;::,rivS:t™SrhavetheirsonrcesintheBlueEidge. ThegreatPee^^^ 
of Ya.lH n Norih Carolina, r-aches Winyaw Bay, after Having received the ^-aters of Lynch's Creek and Black In 
from 1 eXt and the Little Pee Dee and Waecamaw from the left. It is navigable for steamboats to Cheraw ab ve 
wZh the e is a fall of IS feet in 18 miles. The Santee, the greatest river of the State, is Crmed by the unclion of 1» 
Xt^wb or Water e and the Congaree. and it reaches the sea without receiving any considerable tnbulary by two mou hs. 
~ k^alendUt: Ca^len L Columbia, and by the aid of canals, there is ^^l^^l^^;^:J^^:'^- 
Th,. Conoar-e is itself formed by the junction of two considerable navigable streams, the baluda and the Broad n^ ers. 1 l.c 
S isto C^ira^ee and clsaw'atchie, are smaller streams, in the sonthem par. of the «f '»; ""^ ; Ch^™: fom e^ 
hv .m.^11 vessels Ashley Eiver isnavigable by schooners 20 miles, and Cooper's P.iver, which joins it at Chariestnu, .30 miles 
,^t,r'^inteCantl Alt ough most of these rivers are navigable, as a general thing the lower parts of their courses are 

lllsiiiiipigssli 

meneed, many of them were the haunts of alligators, and heir thiW wood ™'^^- .'^^ ,,^. ,„^,^ ^^^^^^ ^^ .„ 

,1 JSm^ ol..,.^ to the anriferous belt of the Atlantic slope, and for a number of years past the producliou of gold has 
tlie State liolongs louu. Buri.Li JUS I..C „„';,, i,, ,»veral ca-ses lar'e nus^'elsuf naive metal have been 

lK~Ht:>^'---^°^-- --^^ '"^ gra..,.. marble, and fl— or 



SOUTH CAKOLINA. 



Massachusetts and Connecticut are bettor known in Charleston and other cities, than those of the State (Snuih Carolina), 
notwiihstanding the abundance and quality of the latter. In choosing building materials, slreni^th and n-sistance lo 
external agents are among the principal requisites." * * * * *^The granite and sienite around Cohmihia arc of this char- 
acter. Among the beautiful granites of the State, the porph\Titie granite of Camden and Buffalo Crt'Cb, and the red 
granite near Columbia, are conspicuous. Of the sienites, those found in AbbeTiIle, Fairfield, and Lexington are the most 
beaiilifiil. The former resemblea the Quincy granite, and the latter is remarkable for its white feldspar, contrasting so 
Btrikingly with the black crystals of hornblende. The white and variegated marble of Spartansburg and Laurens form 
excellent materials for building and ornamental purposes.*' * * * * ^'Gneisa, besides furnishing an exei.;llent building 
stone, is often sufRcienLly slaty in its structure to allow of being split into slabs. A fine quarry of this sort is open at 
Pickens. In the lower part of York gneiss is fonnd, having a similar structure : it passes into mica slate, which presents 
every appearance of making an excellent flagging stone." * * * * "The mica slate found in Fairfield is equally prom- 
ising^*' Soapstone of very fine quality is found at some of the above-named localities; and porcelain earth abounds 
tlirough the primary region, wherever the fcldspathic granite is found in a slate of disintegration. Localitii-a are so well 
known as " chalk hills," that they nVed not be enumerated. A long-known locality occurs above Pen<ileton. and along 
the base of the mountains in Pickens it fs seen in several places; in Greenville, near where the Pendleton road crosses 
the Saluda ; and in Abbeville, near the village, a remarkable locality is pointed out. This deposit is the result of the 
decomposition of eurile. A similar deposit is found near Cherokee Ford, where it is used aa^a fire clay, and it is seen 
again on the branches of King's Creek. IJnt the finest exposures of this earth are found in the diluvium. A good matfr 
rial for glazing pottery will be found in the undecomposed feldspar of the granites, where it abounds. Sand of fine quality 
for the manufacture of glass is also abundant. Eed and yellow ochres aboujid in Chesterfield District, of very fine quality, 
yet lliey seem scarcely to be used even for domestic purposes. There are many localities where the micaceous and Uilco 
micaceous rooks occur, which answer well for whetstone. A noted locality occurs in York, and another in Chesterfield, 
and in the upper part of Lancaster, Many of the precious stones are also found in various parts of the State. 

In richness, variety, and abundance, perhaijs no part of the habitable globe, of the same territorial extent, exceeds South 
Carolina in agricullural capabilities. Governor Seabrook says, ''Of the four great materiiJs for human clnihing, cotton, 
woo), silk, and flax, her climate and soil are peculiarly adapted to the first three, and in locations to the last. Of the 
prominent articles of food, she produces rice, wheat, Indian corn, oats, rye, barley, sweet and Irish potatoes, and different 
varieties of the pea Irihe. For the habitation of man, the earth, her quarries, and forests, furnish an inexhauslible 
supply. Iron, so essential to every class in society, is superior iu quality, it has been ascertained, to any found in th.e 
country. Gold, not too abundant to divert from other and more profitable pursuits, excites the enterprise, and rewards 
Ihe labor of a portion of our citizens. In other minerals she is neither deficient in quantity nor value. While the woods 
abound in game, including the deer and turkey, the ocean, which laves'her southern border, and the numerous streams, 
both salt and fresh, that penetrate every part of her surface, yield almost every variety of the choicest fish. In relation 
to mediciual and culinary plants, her catalugue is large. To tobacco, indigo, and hemp, which once were staple com- 
modities, fruits and esculent vegetables that everywhere meet the eye, and other productions that minister to the comfort 
or necessities of her people, it is needless iu this ])lace especially to direct your notice. So remarkable, indeed, is her 
topographical condition, that wheat and the sugar-cane grow profitably side by side, and the olive and orange ripen under 
the provident care of the same family of cultivators, who extract the saccharine matter of the maple, but essay in vain to 
secure the maturity of the native com of America. "Wheat is cultivated as low as 82° 30', and from bleak, cold winds, 
the nortliem side of the Glassy Mountains will not produce maize. To comprehend this subject in all its relations a more 
detailed examinalion_is necessary. 

" South Carolina is most favorably situated, not only with regard to the States of the Union, but to the other portions of 
the globe. Midway between the frozen regions of the north, and the burning heats of the tropics, in her climate, seasons, 
and productions, it has been fully represented that she enjoys most of the advantages of all. ^ If we except tropical fruits, 
to which frost is fatal, her capacitj' successfully to rear all the grains, fruits, and esculent root.s, which enrich more southern 
countries, is nearly certain. Iler latitude for cotton enjoys an extraordinary advantage. Much farther south, the forcing 
nature of a vertical sun develops the plant too rapidly, thereby running it into weed and foliage ; it'is from the same cause 
most exposed to the ravages of the caterpillar and other insects. Farther north, the season is too short to mature an 
abundant crop of bolls, while the staple degenerates, and becomes less valuable. From the Sea Island the best cotton 
known to commerce is exported. So cirL^um scribed are the lands in which it can be grown, that a half degree (32° 10' to 
ojo 40' nortli latitudes) of the sea-coast of Uorih America seems to be the precise point where the length, strength, and 
firmness of the fibre are most happily blended. In reference to rice, our Slate enjoys almost a monopoly. South Carolina 
includes an area of 80,213 square miles, or 19,435,&S0 acres (according to the last census 24,500 square miles, or 15,680,000 
acres). Of this area there is as little land in one body, the highest authorities assure us, unsusceptible of remunerating 
culture as the Uuited States can furnish. Undistinguished by mountains with their agricultural disadvantages, it is worthy 
of remark that the spurs that make out fVom the great range which separates the waters falling into the Atlantic Ocean, 
and into the Gulf of Mexico, are capable of profitable tillage to their very summits. 

'• As a difl'erence of 12 degrees of latitudes exists between the western and eastern hemisph*es, the countries of the 
latter, which are subject to the same atmospherical influences with South Carolina, comprise the moat delightful and fruit- 
bearing portions of France, Italy, Turkey in Europe, Russia, Tarlary, and China. 

"Between the primitive and alluvial formation the State is nearly equally divided. Tlie soils, though of every kind, 
may be said to comprehend six varieties, each the best suited to a certain crop, yet all of them capable of advantageously 
producing three-fourths of the vegetable products grown jn its limits. While local differences are everywhere observable, 
the surface and soil of the upper districts present a great similarity ; and this is equally true of the lower districts. In the 
former the lands are broken and hilly, in the latter level— oak is tiie natural growth of the one, pine of the other. Clay is 
the soil of much the largest portion of the Slate, and, except in the immediate vicinity of the ocean, is almost the universal 
substratum. A close, stiff land i)redominates generally in the parishes souih-east, and an open sand on the sea islands. 
The highlands of the country above the falls of the rivers are naturally much superior to those of the pine-covered region, 
i)ut the alluvial bottoms of the former are greatly surpassed in richness by the river swamps of the latter. In its capacity 
lor permanent improvement, the granite half of the Slate has been more highly favored by nature than the alluvial 
This is mainly ascribable to the open texture permeable to water of its clayey subsoil, and the potash in the soil and sub- 
soil, formed by the decomposition of the feldspar and mici of the granite. In a few localities, however, the depth of the 
substratum and iis proximity lo the surface offer serious obstacles lo its higher productions. These, among other caused, 
800 



SOUTH CAROLINA. 



seem yet to be oponiting against the cultivali'm of pcrlmps the greatt^r part of thoge peculiar soils known as the. 'Flat 
Woods' of Abbeville ; those in the neighborhood of DiUeliman's and Wnteree erfuks, in Fairfield, and the Black Jack 
lands of Cliesier. Dt-riving thL'ir fertility from the horm-bk-nde disintegralL-d nicks \vliich lie l^tliiw the close clay subsoil, 
it would appear that steady industry, incited and directed by ordinary skill, w;is atone wanting to preserve and perpetuate 
the uncoramoti productiveness which, in spite of long-coniiiuied and improvident tdlagc, still distinguishes these remark- 
able tracts of land. In reference to the soils of the primitive country, to tmo- ninre peculiarly only shall 1 nitw adverL 
When the rocks lie Iiorizontally, it is known that the soils derived from clay slalcs frequently suffer from the impenetrable 
nature of the substiil and the position of the underlying rocks. In the regions to which they are confined in this State, 
they *are all Idghly inclined, presenting iheir edges to the surface, and allowing the water to percolate through the 
strata.' 

"The swamps, covering 2,000 square miles of land of inexhaustible fertility, are capable of thorough and economical 
drainage and conversion into active and available capital. The pine lands, embracing (),i:i'Hj,Oi)il of acres, constitute the 
most neglected portion of the State, while in some quarters they are erroneously regarded as valuable only for the abun- 
dance and quality of their timber, in others the belief is ecpially unsound, that their productive capacity is limited to 
plants which flourish only in a thin and feeble soil. That in all its relations it is a district of country of immeasurable 
Tahie to our conununity, will hereafter be attempted to be sliown. 

** South Carolina is most botmtifully supplied with water. The base of her triangular form is washed by the ocean, and 
one of her lateral sides rests on a river accessible to vessels more than one-half its length, and small boats lUO liiiles 
beyond. Many bold and navigable streams, with numerous tributaries crossing through her territory in every direction, 
disembogue into ihi? Atlantic at distances from each other, fiiosl suitable for the purpose of intercommunication and tralBc. 
Before reaching the point where all traces of their distinctive character are lost forever, by united contributions they form 
a bold channel between the mainland and the sea islands the entire width of the State. Apart from the creeks and iuleta 
of the sea. tJiere is now an inland navigalion equal to about 2,400 miles. Greenville is the only division of our domain 
without the benefit of navigation. In all the districts, however, water-courses abound which afford remarkably eligible 
Bites (or mills. The rocks cross the streams nearly at right angles, and hence form a series of natural dams across their 
beds, and make falls that vary from five to eighty feet in comparatively short distances. In perhajis no equal extent of 
territorj' are there so many advant.ages of this sort presented. In connection with tiiis subject, it is proper to add that the 
metropolis of the State (Charleston) is only seven miles from the ocean ; that ita harbor is spacious, well protected from 
Btorms, and at all times accessible. 

^ Surprising to many as may be the declaration, South Carolina, in reference to her whole population, is a very healthy 
country, and by no means a sickly one with regard to her white inhabitants. If the alluvial region and a few of the middle 
districts are subject to fevers in summer, the whole State in winter is comparatively exempt from the diseases to which 
more northern climates are peculiarly liable. The assertion, too, is with entire confidence made, that even during tlie hot 
months, in perhaps one-half of herlimil.s, foreigners may reside, not only with impunity, but with renovated constitutions. 
In the neighborhood of every hicality in which mephitic exhalations show the fatality of their power, there are sites for 
settlements where vigorous health, under the ordinary aafegn.ards, is always secured. The entire sand hill country and 
pine lands generally, as well as our towns and villages, furnish the most signal evidence of the salubrity of their atmos- 
pheric influence. It may here be appropriately observed, that while from causes, several of which are among the arcana 
of naturei the lower division is becoming gradually but steadily healthier, a portion of the middle zone is decidedly more 
liable lo maladies of a fatal character. If a belter system of drainnge and other improvements in the cultivation of tho 
ground do not satisfactorily account for the one, certain agricultural features are perhaps sufficient to explain tho other. 
For the diseases which occasionally clothe, in the habiliments of mourning, llie people of Abbeville, Union, Chester, and 
York, it is supposed Uiat the planters of those dislricfa are c^'mpetent to the diminution of the sources whence they spring. 
It is not unworthy of especial remark, that the atmosphere of the swamps and marshes, so ptiisonous to the while man, 
is at all times innocuous to his slave. If it were not for this merciful provision of an All Wise Being, the alluvial reglou of 
South Carolina in the immediate vicinity of its water-courses would soon become a dreary waste, and tenanted only by 
the beasts of the forest. Of the cities of the Union, Charleston, and it may be added Columbia, show a lower mortality 
among their acclimated iiihabitants than any others. With regard to the former, the number of deaths from all fevers 
(the epidemic of the Slate), except from yellow fever, for the last IS years, is CoG, and in any one year SI in a population 
of between 30,000 anh 40,000. From yellow fever, which has prevailed as an epidL'mic but twice in 22 years, for the sarao 
period, the agirregato number of deaths is tU6. The average mortality for the last G years, all classes included, is 1 in 51 ; 
blacks alone 1 in 44, and whites alone 1 in 5S. 

"The natural means of resuscitating the soil are abundant and widely dilTnsed. A large portion of the lower country 
shows exhaustless beds of the richest marl. Limestone, though obtamable only in York, Spartan^burg, Laurens, and 
Pickens, exists in such quantities in the first two districts, that by railroari communication tlif entire primitive region will, 
at no distant day, be furnished with this earth, so essential to the nutrition and development of plants. While the sea- 
shore parishes possess unfailing supplies of salt mud, salt grass, and shell lime, two-lhirds of the Slate are most amply 
furnished with swamj) mud and peat. 

" Of minerals and the primitive rocks, the number of the former is 2S, and of the latter more. (See account of minerals, 
anted.) 

*'The botany of the State consists of about 3,000 species of plant? — of these 2,000 are flowering, and 1,000 unprovided 
■with flowers, as parts of their organs of fructification. In n-lation lo the former, about 65 are naturalized— that is, foreign 
plants introduc'd, and now growing wild. There are about 1.50 grasses, of which 15 are native ; 30 species of esculents 
(for man), of which three or four are naturalized, and about 70 more used in medicine, agriculture, and the arts, of which 
five or six are naturalized. 

" As a member of the Union, South Carolina in population occupies the eleventh rank (according to the census of 1S50, 
the fourteenth), in territorial extent the hceut>/-secoJi<? (sinqe the admission of CiUifornia, the twenty-third); in the value 
of her agriculliiral exports, the Jt/th; in the value of the goods, wares, an<l meri-handise. of the growtli, produce, and 
manufacmre of the United States, the thirt^^eniJu The very large cimtribulion of this State to the national wealth, which 
is determined by the amount of her domestic exports, an'l not her imports, comes, too. from a limited p.art of her soil. Tho 
estimated number of acres in cultivation in 1S20, was 1.221,O0'i ; at present it does nut exceed 2,000,000 (in 1S50, accordiaf; 
to the census 4,072,651), or about one-tenth, (onc-fourlh) of her arable lands." 



01 801 



SOUTH CAROLINA. 



South Carolina is divided into 29 districts, the general statistics of which, and the capitals of each, in 1850, were aa 
follows : 



Counties. 


Dwell. 


Pop. 


Farms 
in cult. 


Mnnuf. 
EMnt). 


Abbeville... 


. 8,391 


. 32,818 . 


. 1,814 


.166. 


Anderson .. 


. 2.440 


. 21,475 . 


. 1,986 


. 66. 


Barnwell... 


2,460 . 


. 26.608 . 


. 1,55S . 


. 85. 


Beauf.irt.... 


. 1,385 


. 3S,805 . 


. 842. 


. 13. 


Charleston . . 


. 5,213 


. 72,805 . 


. 682. 


. 76. 


Chester .... 


. 1.541 . 


. 18,038 . 


. 844. 


. 60. 


Chesterfielil . 


. 1,263 


. 10,790 . 


. 54S. 


. 82. 


Colleton 


1.615 . 


. 39.505 . 


. S8S. 


. 10. 


Darlington.. 


. 1,313 . 


. 16,830 . 


. 867. 


. 26. 


Edgefield .. 


3.019 . 


. 39,262 . 


. 2,0.30 . 


. 197. 


Fairfield.... 


1,2S2 . 


. 21,404 . 


. 675. 


.36. 


Georgetown 


. 5T5. 


. 20.647 . 


. 650 . 


. 6. 


Greenville.. 


. 2,351 . 


. 20,156 . 


. 1,063 . 


. 65. 


Horry 


980. 


. 7,M6. 


. 731 . 


. 7. 


Kershaw . . . 


. 92S. 


. 14,473 . 


. 383. 


. 21 . 



Capiuls, 


Counties. 


Dwell. 


Pop 


J'.nrnn, 
in cult. 


niiinnt 
EBl«b. 


Ciipitnls. 


Abbeville 


Lancaster.... 


1,096 . 


. 10.988 . 


. 580. 


. 20 . 


, Liincaster 


Anderson 


Laurens 


2.132 . 


. 23.407 . 


. 1,603 . 


.141 . 


. Laurens 


Barnwell 


Lexington... 


1,312 . 


. 12.930 . 


. &37. 


. 40. 


. Lexington 


Gillisonville 


MariiMi 


1,856 


. 17,407 . 


. 1,374 . 


. 0. 


. Marion 


Charleston 


Marlborough 


929. 


.10,789. 


. 621 . 


. 23. 


. BermetlsviUt) 


Chester 


Newberry . . . 


1,494 . 


. 20,143 . 


. 1,0J5 


. 39. 


. Newberry 


Clicsterfteld 


Orangeburg. 


1.613 . 


. 23.582 . 


. 1,206 . 


. 41. 


. Orangeburg 


Walterboro' 


Pickens 


2,232 


. 16,904 . 


. 1.231 


. 23. 


. ricken.s 


Darlington 


Richland 


1.6SS . 


. 20.343 . 


. 543. 


. 87. 


. Columl'ia 


Edgefield 


Spartansburg 


3,1S5 . 


. 26,400 . 


. 1,555 . 


. 84. 


. Spartansburg 


Winnsboro' 


Sumter 


1.903 . 


. 83.220 . 


. 1,.848 . 


. 82. 


, Sumter 


Georgctow» 


Union 


1,734 


. 19,852 . 


. 869 


. 72. 


. Unionvillo 


Greenville 


■Williamsburg 717 


. 12.447 . 


. 451. 


. 0. 


. Kinsrstreo 


Conwaysboro' 


York 


2,190 . 


. 19,433 . 


. 1,252 . 


. 30. 


. Yorkville 


Camden 















The whole number of dwellings in the Stale was, at tbe above date, 62,042 ; of families, 52,937 : and of inhabitants, 
668,507; viz., whites 274,023— males 137,773, and females 186,850; fr. col. 8,900— males 4,110, and females 4,790, and 
8l. 384,984. Of the whole population there were, deaf (md dvmb—vti. 129, fr. col. 1, si. 15 — total 146 ; Itlind—wli. 162, 
fr. col. 14, si. 66— total 222; imane—\vh. 192, fr. col. 3, si. 9— total 204; and idiotic— vib. 242, fr. cul. 3, si. 60— total 296. 
Tbe number of free persons born in the United States was 274,813, the number of foreign birth 8,662, and of birth un- 
known 48. The natire population originated as follows: Maine 63, N. Hamp. 39, Verm. 37, Mass. 407, K. L 97, Conn. 228, 
N. York SS4, N. Jer. 182, Penn. 362, Del. 14, Md. 320, Dist. of Col. 30, Yirg. 1,621. N. Car. 6,173, South (Mrolina 262,160, 
Ga. 1,504, Flor. 55, Ala. 225, Miss. 60, La. SO, Tex. 1, Ark. 9, Tenn. 133, Ky. 73, Ohio 23, Mich. 2, IncL 11, III. 6, Mo. 8, 
la, 0, Wise. 0. Calif. 1, Territories ; and the foreign population was composed of persons from— Kngland 921, Ireland 
4,051, Scotland 661, Wales 10, Germany 2,180, France 274, Spain 30, Portugal 14, Belgium 0, Holland 9, Turkey 0, Italy 69, 
Austria 11, Switzerland 18, Paissia 19, Denmark 24, Norway 7, Sweden 29, Prussia 44, Sardinia 0, Greece 1, China 1, 
Asia 4, Africa 9, British America 57, Mexico 4, Central America 0, South America 8, West Indies 177, Sandwich Islands 0, 
and other countries 50. 

The following table will show tbe decennial progress of the population smce the first census of the State, taken by the 
United States authorities : 

Colored Persons. Decennial Increase. 

Census 'White , ' > , Total , ^ , 

Years. Persons. Free. Slave. Tot.al. Population. Numerijal. Percent, 

1790 140,178 1,801 107,094 108,S95 249,073 — — 

1800 196,255 3,135 146,151 149,336 845,591 96,513 8S.T 

1810 214.196 4.,554 196,365 200,919 415.116 69,624 20.1 

1820 237.540 6.726 258,476 265,201 502,741 87,626 21.1 

1830 257,863 7,921 315,401 323,322 681,135 73,444 15.6 

1840 259.089 8,271 317,088 325,809 694,893 13,218 2.8 

1850 274,623 8,900 384,984 893,834 668,507 74,109 12.8 

The general statistics of the State regarding its productions, manufactures, commerce, and institutions, according to the 
census of 1350, and other official returns for that year, were as follows : 

Occupied Lauds, etc. — Improved farm lands, 4,072,651 acres, and unimproved lands, 12,145,049 acres — valued together 
at $32,431,684. The whole number of farms under cultivation on the 30tb June, 1350, was 29,969. Value of farming imple- 
ments and machinery, $4,136,354. 

iM.'<^5(<>c*.— The number of live-stock or domestic animals for the two periods 1840 and 1850, according to the census 
of those years, was comparatively : 

1810. ISiO. Increase. 

i 97,171 head ) 4,733 head, or 8.G per cent. 

I 87,483 " f . 1 r 

193,244 
20,604 
603.935 
235,551 
1,065,503 
—the value of all live-stock in 1850, was $15,060,015. 

Prodiiets of AnimaU.—'W ool, 487,233 pounds ; butter, 2,981,850 pounds ; cheese, 4,970 pounds ; and the vtilue of animals 
slaughtered in the year had been $1,.302,637. Tbe wool crop according to the census of 1840 amounted to 299,170 pounds; 
and hence the increase exhibited in 1550, was 138,063 pounds, or 62.S per cent. The product per fleece in 1340, was 
20.1 ounces, and in 1850, 27.3 ounces, showing an increase of 7.2 ounces, or 35.3 per cent. 

&rain (>o/».— Wheat, 1,066,277 bushels ; rye, 4:J,790 bushels ; Indian corn, 16,271,4,>t bushels; oats, 2,322,155 bushels; 
barley, 4,583 bushels ; and buckwheat, 2S3 bushels. Comparing the above with the products according to the census of 
1840, the following results are obtained: 

Crops. 1840. 1860. Movement. 

Wheat 968,354 bushels 1,066.277 bushels incr. 97,923 bushels, or 



Description. 

Horses 

Mules and Asses 

Milch Cows 

Working Oxen 

Other Cattle 

Sheep 282,981 

Swine 678,.532 



!■ 129,921 head. 
(■572,61 



3,608 



( 193,244 " > 

A 20,.504 " V. 

I 603.935 " » 



.205,075 

. 62,570 
.136,971 



or 85.8 



or 22.6 
or 21.8 



Eye 44,733 

Indian com 14,722,805 

Oats 1,486,203 

Barley 8,907 

Buckwheat 72 

S02 



43,790 

.16,561,454 

. 2,322,155 

4,583 

283 



deer. 8,049 

, j«cr. 1,448,649 

iiicr. 845,947 

iner, 616 

, i?icr. 211 



10.1 percent. 


2.1 




9,9 




66,9 




15,5 




273,0 





SOUTH CAROLINA. 



Other Food Crop.?.— Face, 159,930,613 ^mmJs; pens mi il ht-ans, l.OSt'.goo Imslids; potutoos— Irish, 13C,494 bushels, and 
sweet. 4,337,469 bushels. The rice crnp of 1.S40 was Oi},59l),SGl poumls. atid the increase in I'^oO was 99.:3'19,7D'2 pouiMis, or 
163.9 per cent. About throe-lour I hs of the wliole rice crop [;;r<»wn in the United Stales is prothiccd in Soulb Oiirolinn, the 
proportions being as 1.599 to 'i.loii. The crop of potatoes in IS-W, amounted to 2fG9S,S13 bushels, and henee the increase 
over this in 1S50 was 1,775,650 busliels, or G6.6 per cent. 

Mm-''ll<fnH}iai crops. — Toljiieoo, 74,285 pounds; cotton, ■^?ii,991 bah'-i of 400 pounds; hay, 2'i.9'25 tons; clovc-r-seed, 376 
bushels; other grass seed, 30 busliels; iiops, 26 pounds ; fI;ix..'>3-')poun<ls; flax-seed, 55 bustiels ; silk cocoons, rj;i poumls; 
BUfiar — maple '200 pounds, and cane, 671 hogsheads wf 1,001) pounds; inolusaes, 15.904 gallons; lieeswax :inrl tioney.'.iUJ,'2^1 
pounds; wino. 5,SS0 gallons, etc. Value of orchard products -t-'iS.lU'i, and <jf market-garden products $47,2>6. 'ilir prin- 
cipal of these crops in 1840 and 1850 compare as follows : 

Crop-*. \.?A0. 1^'vl. MV,T«m.-tit, 

Ttibaeco 51.519 pounds 74.2.^5 pouiuls increasi? 23,776 pounds, or 46.1 jier cent 

Cotton 61,710,274 '* 132,396.4(HI '■ " 70,6s6.1-i(; '' or 114.s 

Hay 24.6IS tons '20.925 tons decrease 3.693 tons or 15.0 " 

Sugar 80,(100 pounds CIl.'JiiO ptnmds increase 641,2(i0 pounds, or 2,'_*37.;> " 

"Wine 64::i gallons O.SSO gallons '■ 5,137 gallons, or 79^.9 " 

Silk cocoons, 2,080 pounds 123 pounds decrease 1,957 pounds, or 9(1.7 " 

Homi-maOe JI<fnu/iictiirfS were produced in the year ending l>t -Tune, ISoO, to the value of $909,525. The same class 
of goods for the year preceding the census of 18 to. were vahici at $930,703, 

Manufactures. — Total capital invested, $0,000,0011; value (»f all raw material, fuel, etc, consumed, $0,000,000; hands 
employed 00,000— males 0,o00. and females 0,000; monthly cost of labor $00o.000~raale $000,000, and fenialo $nO,000; 
value of products for the year, $0,000,000. The number of m a nttfac luring establishments in operation and ])rodneing to 
the annual v.alue of $.!)00 and upward on the 30tli June, 1S50, was 1,473, distributed to the counties according to the ex- 
hibit of the general table. Of this number 13 were cotton factories. 91 tanneries, and 6 iron works. The total capital in* 
vested in manufactures in 1S40, amounted to $3,216,970. 

Capital invested in eotfmi manufactures, $857,200; cotton used, 9,929 bales; value of ail raw material, $295,971 ; hands 
employed, 919— males 399, and females 620; monthly cost of lalj<)r, $10,716 — male $5,565, and female $5,151 ; amiiial pro- 
ducts—sheeting, etc. 6.503,737 yards, and yarn l,348,:i43 pounds ; value of entire products, $749,333. In 1S40, there were 
in the State 15 cotton factories— capital $617,450; hands, 570; value of manufactures, $359,000. 

Capital invested in ^(;;»c/'?>.?, $1S4,3:j5 ; value of hides and skins used. $131,679; hands employed, 204; monthly cost 
of labor, $3,667; products of the year, 13,830 skins, and 110,000 sides of leather, valued together at $261,332. In 1840, 
the capital invested in 97 tanneries was $212,020 ; hands 2S1, and products — 6S,0S1 sides of u^iper leather, and 89,536 sides 
of sole leather. 

The iron mannfacture of South Carolina is confined to the manufacture of castings. In 1S50 there were 6 establish- 
ments in operation, having an aggregate capital of $185,700. The material used in these was 169 tons of pig iron, ,2,800 
tons ore, and 405.500 bushels of charcoal and coke, valued as raw material at $29,128. Hands employed 155— males 153, 
and females 2 ; average wages per month — to males $13 59, and to females $4 ; castings manufactured, 1.230 tons ; total 
value of annual priKiucts, $S7,6S3. In 1840 there were in the State 4 furnaces, producing 1.250 tons, and 9 blooraerie!", 
forges, and rolling-mills, producing 1,165 tons ; fuel consumed, 0,334 tons; hands. ^8 ; and c.Tpital invested, $133,300- 

In the manufacture oi 7»a;( and .yyiritot/~s liquors^ Iha capital invested amonntsd to $3,475; Indian com consumed, 
13,100 bushels; hands employed, 33; whisky and high wines proiluced. 4:^.900 g.-illons. In 1S40, 251 distilleries em- 
ployed 219 men, and produced 102.2&S gallons; and the capital invested amounted to $14,342. 

The manufacturing establishments making up the whole number as ascertained, otherwise than those detailed above, 
consist chiefly of such as are usual in an agricultural State, as carriages, saddlery, etc., and the mills of various descrip- 
tions found in all parts of the country. At least one-half the whole cajiilai is employed in these multifarious interests. 

Foreign commerce. — The value of the foreign import and export trade in the year ending 30th June, 1S50. was as fol- 
lows — of exports $11,448,800, and of imporU $1,933,785. Of the exports. $11,446,892 was the value of domestic products- 
carried in American ships $6,467,201, and in foreign $4,979,091 : and $908 was the value of foreign goods re-ex])orted ; and 
of'the imports $1,813,658 was the value of goods carried in American, and $620,127 that of goods carried in foreign ships. 
The statistics of the shipping employed in this branch of industry in the year aforesaid, exhibit the annexed aggregates. 

Entered. rir:':HVil. Total. 



NatKinnlity 
<.fSl.i|.|.,n.. 


Vessels. 


Tons. 


Crews. 


Vessels. 


lor.-*. 


Clews. 


Vessels. 


Tons. 


Crews. 


American 


....168.. 


..53.T11 .. 


. . 2,206 . . 


... 205.. 


. . 72,222 . . 


.. 2,781 ... 


.... 80S.. 


..124,933 .. 


. . 4,987 


Foreiuti 


.... 142 . . 


. . 44,205 . . 


... 1,947.. 


.... 170.. 


. . . .V2,S30 . . 


. . . 2,235 . . 


.... 312 .. 


. . 97,035 . . 


. . 4,183 


Total... 


.... 305.. 


..96,916 .. 


. . . 4,153 . . 


.....3T5 .. 


.. 125,062 .. 


... 5,016 .. 


. . . . 6S0 . . 


. . 221,96S . . 


. . 9,169 


Districts. 




















Charleston . .. 


.....303 .. 


. . 96,619 . . 


..4,139 .. 


.... 351 .. 


. 121,3CiT .. 


. . 4,S.'>9 . . . 


.... 424 .. 


. . 217.9SG . . 


. . 8,993 


Geiirgeiown . . 


2 .. 


... 29T.. 


... 14.. 


.... 24 . 


.. 3.GS5 .. 


... 157... 


26 . . 


. . 3,',)S2 . . 


.. 171 



Coasting Trade, InUrnal Imjyrovementu, etc. — The great bulk of the commercial material of South Carolina and the 
State;? westward using its ports, is carried to New York for a market and for exportation, and in like manner these Slates 
are supplied with foreign goods from the same mart. This arrangement creates an immense coasting trade, which in 
South Carolina ehi<fly centres at Charleston. {See Charlkston.) With Georgia, Florida, and the Gulf ports a large trade 
is kept up, and regular lines of steamers and coasting vessels ply between the port.**. Navigation on tins rivers is also 
carried on to a great extent, and the heavy products of the interior are mostly brought down to the aea-board through 
this means. The Saiitee and other canals in this State are little used as channels of connnerce, but are of local utility. 
The lines of railroad terminating at Charleston also greatly facilitate internal commerce. These railroads, indeed, are to 
Charleston what the Erie, Central, and other roads in New York are to the sea-board in that quarter, and have done 
more than all the natural faeililie-s enjoyed by the country to swell the volume of ils industry and wealth. These are 
noticed at length in the Appkndix. Except Georgia, no other Soutliern Slate lias in operation such a successful system 
of railroads, and it was in South Carolina that the American railroad system was first tested as an agent in commercial 
movements. 

S03 



SOUTH CAROLINA. 



Tlie totjil amount of shipping owned in the State whs 30,073 tons, of which 17,126 tons was registered shipping, 13,92G 
tons enrolled and licensed, and 69 tons licensed (under 20 tons). Of the registered tonnage 1,116 toiia was navigated by 
Bteam, and of the enrolled and licensed shipping 6.389 tons. No shipping had been built during the year. The atiitislica 
of the value of the foreign commerce for a series of years exhibit the foUuwiug movementa : 



Ye«r. 


Exports. 


1T91 ... 


. . $2,693.2CS 


1792 . . . 


. . 2,42S.2.M 


1793 . . . 


.. 8,191,867 


1794... 


. . 8,807,908 


17S15... 


. . 6,998,492 


1790 ... 


.. 7.020,049 


1797 ... 


.. 6,503,118 


1798 . . . 


.. 6.994,179 


1799 . . . 


. . 8,729,015 


1800 . . . 


.. 10,603.510 


1801... 


.. 14,304,045 


1802... 


. . 10,639.305 


1S03... 


.. 7,811,108 


1*04 . . . 


.. 7,4.")l,tn6 


1806 . . . 


. . 9.000,625 


1S06... 


. . 9,743,782 


1807 . . . 


.. 10,912,604 


ISOS... 


. . 1,664,445 


1S09 ... 


, . 3,247.341 


1810... 


.. 5,290,614 



Imporlb 



lm|iort3. ] Year. 

i 1881 

1S33 
1838 



Year. Esporta. 

ISll J4.561,279. 

1812 2.036,195 

1S18 2.908,484 

1814 787,899 

1816 6,675,129 

1816 10,349,409 

1817 10,872.613 

1813 11.440,902 

1819 8.2.5(1,790 

1S20 8.992,940 

1821 7.200,511 ..... 8,007,118 

1822 7,260,820 2,288,686 

1S23 6,898,814 2,419.101 

1824 8,084,082 2,160,185 

1825 1,056,742 1,892.297 

1820 7.554,036 1,634.453 

1827 8,322,661 1,434,106 

1S23 6,550,712 1,242,048 

1829 8,176,586 1,139,618 

1830 7,627,081 1,054,619 



Exports. Imports. 

$6,575,201 $1,238,163 

7,752,791 1.213,725 

8,4.34,325 1,!>1 7,705 

1834 11,119,565 1,787,267 

1835 11,838,016 1,891,805 

1836 18,684,876 2,801,.361 

1887 11.220,101 2,510.860 

1838 11.042.070 2,818,791 

1S89 10,8^7,426 3,080,077 

1840 10.086,769 2,058,870 

1841 8,043,284 l,6o",431 

1S42 7,525,728 1,359,465 

1843 7,760.809 1,294,709 

1S44 7,43.3,283 1,131.615 

1S45 8,890,643 1,143,153 

1846 6,848,477 902,538 

1847 10,431,517 1,580,653 

1843 8,031,917 ....". 1,485,299 

1849 9,701,176 1,475,695 

1860 11,447,800 1,933,785 

BanJc^j etc, — On the Ist January, 1850, there were 12 banks and 2 branch banla in the State, the condition of which at 
that date was a3 folkiws : UahUiti&i — capital, $13,139,571 ; circulation, $8,741,706; deposits, $3,322,132 ; due other banks, 
$2,047,777; and other liabilities, $642,231 ; and 08sf(s— loans and discounts, $20,601,137; stoclis, $1,349,468; real estate, 
$377,671; other invt-stments, $848,530; due by other banlis, $2,550,942; notes of other banks, $715,093; specie funds, 
$239,278 ; and specie, $1,711,902. 

GoT^eniment, etc. — The first constitution of South Carolina was framed in 1775. The constitution adopted in 1790 is 
the basis of the government !13 at present administered. 

Every free white citizen of the State, 21 years of age, resident in the State two years, and owning a freehold of fitly 
acres, or a town lot, six months before the election, may vote wherever he so resides or holds such property. The general 
electinn is held on the second Monday of October annually. 

Tlie Leghliiture consists of a House of Representatives and a Senate. Representatives, 124 in number, are chosen for 
two years on a mixed basis of population and taxation, and must be free white men, 21 years old, citizens and residents 
of the State for three years, and if resident in their election district, seized of a freehold estate of 500 acres and ten 
negroes, or of unencumbered real estate worth £150, and if non-residents, of an unencumbered freehold worth £500. 
Senators, 45 in number, sliall be free white men, 30 years old, citizens and residents of the State for five years next before 
the election; if residents of their districts, shall own a freehold of the clear value of £300; if non-residents, of the clear 
value of £1,000 ; and sliall be chosen for four years, one-haif the number of senators every- two years. The legislature 
assembles at Columbia annually on the fonrth Monday in November. 

The Governor and Lieutenant-governor shall be 80 years of age, residents and citizens of the State for ten years, and 
owners of a settled estate within the Slate of the clear value of £1,600 each ; and shall be chosen by joint ballot of both 
houses of tlie Legislature for two years, and shall be ineligible during the succeeding four years. If the otHce of governor 
be vacant, it shall be filled by the lieutenant-governor, and alter him by the president of the senate, until it is filled by the 
General Assembly. 

The adminvitviitlve officers of the State are, the Secretary of State, the Comptroller-general, two treasurers, the sur- 
veyor-general, attorney-general, and the President of the Bank of the State of South Carolina. 

The jiitUciary consists of a Law Court of Appeals, and an Equity Court of Appeals, Courts for the Correction of Errors, 
Courts of Common Pleas and General Sessions, etc. The Law Court of AppeaU, consisting of all the law judges, for 
hearing appeals from the Courts of Law, and the Equity Court ff Appeals, consisting of all the chancellors, for hearing 
appeals from the Courts of Equity, are held in the capital, in May and November, and at Charleston, for the determining 
of facts from the districts of Georgetown,Uorrv,IJcauftrt, Colleton, and Charleston, in the month of January. Courts for 
the Correction of Errors, consisting of all the judges in law and equity, to try constitutional questions, or questions where 
the law and equity courts are divided, and which are referred thereto l>y either of Ibe courts, are held at such limes, during 
the sitting of the Court of .Appeals, as the chancellors and judges may appoinU Courts of Common Pleas and General 
Sessions have original jurisdiction in all civil cases where legal rights are involved (except in matters of contract, where 
the account is $20 or under), and in all criminal cases affecting free white men; and appellate jurisdiction in all 
appeals from the magistrates' courts, and in appeals from the Court of Ordinary in all cases except in matters of account 
They are held in each and every district of the Stjite twice in each year. Courts of Equity \^\iti cognizance of all matters 
in equity, as contra'diptinguislied from law, and a term is held annually in each district, except in that of Charleston, in 
■which two are held. The City Court of Charleston is an inferior court of both civil and criminal jurisdiction, and is 
presided over by a Recorder. An Ordinary's Court is established in cacli district. The principal duties of the Ordinary 
is to grant letters of administration, probate of wills, examining executors' and administrators' accounts, etc., and his 
office is the proper depository of wills and other papers relative to the administration of estates. Appeal lies from this 
court in matters of account to the Cuurtof Equity, and in all other cases to the Common Pleas. Magistrates' Courts'h^vQ 
exclusive jurisdiction in matters of contract and under $20. Courts ofjlai/istrates and FreeJiolders are estabhsLed for 
the trial of slaves and free people of color for criminal offenses. The judges and chancellors are elected by joint ballot 
of the Legislature, and hold office during good behavior. Sheriffs hold office for four years, and are inehijihle for the 
succeeding four years. 
804 



SOUTH CAROLINA. 



Amendments to the constitutinrj, if proposed by two-thirds "f the memhrrs of each house of the Le^iiskUure, must be 
published three months before the next election of represonuitives. and if agreed to by a vote of two-thirds of the members, 
at the next session, shall be adopted. No convention of the people shall be called unless by a vote of two-thirds of both 
houses. 

Federal Hep rexniM ion. —Smith Onroliua, in accordance wilii the law of 23d May, 1^50, is t-ntitled to Jive reprcsenlalives 
in Congress. This State is the only one of the Union in which Presidential electors are chosen by the Legisl.iture. ' 

The militia force of tiie S^tate, as reported by the Adjutant-jreneral of the United State.'j, in ISoO. consisted of 55,209 
men of all arms, of which 2,591 were commissioned ofiicers, and 5*2, GIS non-commi.ssicued officers, musicians, artificers, 
and privates. Of the commissioned officers 19 were general officers, 96 ffcneral staff-officers, 452 field-officers, and 2,024 
company-officers. The Governor is ^.i^-otficio Commander-in-chief in and over the It^tate of S^ulh Carolina. 

PttUic Finances^ Debt, tic, — The whole amount of moneys received into tho treasury, durin<r the year ending SOlh 
September. 1S50, was— from taxation $:il3,3Sl 55, and from other sources $2S6,9U 22 ; total $000,292 S7 ; and the whole 
amount expended was $540,S134 42 ; leaving in the treasury it()y.42S 45. 

The debt of the Stiite, .according to the repi>rt of the Legislature, in 1S50, is as follows: 5 per cents, issued for the capital 
oftheKailr<»adnank.!?4r,.7l4 34 ; KandolpUt^tock. §1,2.^0; l:evolulionarydebt,$TS,S10 6ii; per cents, due lS5tt, $3,726 n4; 
6 per cents, due 1S52, $175,4i6 55; 5 per cents. Fire Loan Kor^-ign Debt due lS5s. $471,111 12; 5 per cent-s. t^o.due ISO?, 
$452,222 21; 5 per cents, domestic debt due lS6i),$4S2,222 2:^: 5 per cents. f^M. due 1870. ^325,803 92— total debt, $2,i'G1.2'J2 81. 

Since the adjournment of the previous Legislature $193,437 30 of the domestic, and $:i3.250 SO of the foreign dubt had 
been cancelled by the bank, besides §S,750 of the Kandolph Stock paid by the treasury. 

The net profits of the State Bank, for the past year, including $115,000 as arrears derive<l from business of former years, 
were $3*34.825 59. From this amount there h:i3 been transferred to the Sinking Fund $24;i,153 01, and been paid 
$73,453 11 for interest on the debt in Europe, and the balance that the bank was in advance for hitercst and expenses; 
also the interest on the 6 per cent.s. (fire loans), amounting to $43,179 99. The aggregate funds of the hank, on the 1st 
October, were !?6,353,660 06, and the total liabilities $2,770,934 S6, leaving as surplus the sum of $3,5S2,725 20. 

The property of the State consists of bank ca[iital $2,933,611 10, sinking fnnd $653,022 72, and balance due treasurers 
of State Bank $101,071 15 ; debt of railntad and canal companies, $523,396 69 ; shares in South Carolina Kailroad Com- 
pany and South- Western Railroad Bank, $800,000; and sundries. $9,415 Gl— toud $5,n2o,517 32. 

The State is possessed of several highly creditable duiritohlc instiUdianA, of wliich the Lunatic Asylum and the Deaf 
and Dumb Asylum are the principal. The State Lunatic Asylum is located at Columbia. On the 5th November, 1S50, it 
bad 121 inmates ; during the ensuing year 55 others were received, and 40 were discharged — 22 cured, IS imj)rovt-d, and 
9 rlied. leaving in the institution at the end of the year 127. Keceiptfl during the year $26,501 43, and expenditures 
$12;t.702 54. The Asylum for the Education of the Deaf and Dumb is situate at Cold Spring, and was instituted in 1S49. 
In November, 18.11, it had 27 pupils. 

Fjhtcntion. — The number of public schools in this State, in 1849, was 1,023, the number of teachers 1,019, and the 
number of scholars 9,122. These schools are imder the superintendence of Commissioners appointefl by the Legislature. 
In 1S4-S, the amount ex]iended from the public funds, on account of public education, was $40,561 5=3. Throughout the 
State there are grammar schools, academies, and private establishments, at one class of which, in preference to the iiubtic 
schools of the State, the great majority of joung people are educated. The Slate also supports several military institutes, 
the curriculum of instruction at which is based on that of the "West Point Academy. The principal colleges, theological 
seminaries, and medical schools in the Sttite, and the statistics of each, are as follows : 



Names. Loc«ti(in. Ffitimied. ProfesBora. 

Charleston College Charleston 1785 6 . . . 

South Carolina College Columbia » 1804 8 ... 

Southern Theological Seminary (Pres.). do ..._/./, 1831 6... 

Furman The.,i. Seminary <I5apt.). . . . J'aipaefei nislriJtut,tlS26 2 . . . 

Theological Seminary (Lutheran) Lexington 1S35 2 ... 

Med. Cflll. of State of S. Carolina Charleston 1833 S . . . 



S[udent4. 
:.. 70 .. 
... 195 . . 
... 32 . . 

... 3i) .. 
... 10 . . 
. . . 158 . . 



1 I.l.r 



124 



142 

30 



. . 2.000 

.. 17,000 

. . 4.6i>0 

. . ] .000 

I) 1,800 



Puhlic Lihraries. — According to the report of the Librarian of the Smithsonian Institute, in 1851, there were in the 
State the ft)nowing libraries : 2 social — 2S,5U6 volumes ; 2 college — 19,000 volumes ; 4 stU'lents— 1 .300 voUimes ; 5 academic 
and professional — 10,264 volumes ; 1 public school— 250 volumes. Total 14 libraries, and .59.914 volumes. 

Pt^rindical /'ress. — The whole number of periodicals and newspajn-ra published in the Stale on the 1st June, 1S50, was 
47, of which number 7 were [)ublished daily. 4 tri-weekly, 2 semi-weekly, 25 weekly, 5 montlily. and 1 quarterly. Of the 
whole, 22 were democratic in politics, an'i 25 whig, or neutral, or devoted to religion, literature, etc. Of the dailies, the 
aggregate circulation was 20,700 copies at each issue; of the tri-weeklies, — ; of the semi-weeklies, 925 ; of the weeklies, 
25,990 ; of the monthlies, 5,7(t0; and of the quarferly, 1,600 copies. The mmiber an<I character of periodicals in each dis- 
trict, was m follows: Abbeville, 2 w. ; Anderson, 2 w. and 1 m. ; Beaufort, 1 w. ; Charleston, 4 d., 1 t.-w.. 4 w., 3 m., 1 
I)i-m., and 1 quarterly ; Chesterfield, 1 w. ; Chester, 1 w. ; Edgefleld, 2 w. ; Fairfield, 1 w. and 1 m. ; Greenville, 1 w. and 
1 l,-w. ; Georgetown, 1 s.-w. and 1 w. ; Kershaw, 1 8.-w. ; Laurens, Marion. Newberry, and Pickens, each 1 w. ; Kich- 
iand. 3 d., 2 l.-w., and 3 w. ; Spartansburg, 1 w. ; Sumter, 2 w, ; and York, 1 weekly. 

Pauperi.sin. — Whole number of paupers who received relief or support within the year ending 1st June, 1850, 1.642— 
1.313 natives, and 329 foreigners; and tlie whole number («f paupers at that date. 1.293—1,113 natives, and ISO foreigners 
annual cost of nupport, $48,337. 

lieligioiis Denominationfi. — The statistics of the several religious denominations in the State in 1S50, were as follows: 



Deii'miina No ^f 


Cli.trcl. 


Val-ip i.r 


Dennni.n!!- 


N„ uf 


rii.Tii, 


Vnli.e of 


Deiioriiinn- No, of 


Clmrdi 


Vnl,„ „| 


tinns, Cliurilie.. 


ili-ri.ni. 


Pr<.ii^rty 


li.in!, C 


iiur.lif 


s, arci.iTi. 


I'roiwrty. 


tions, Clitircliee 


acr<irn. 


rn>p«My, 


Eaplial 41.3, 


165,805.. 


$29.3,863 


Gcrmn Eef. 


— , 


— . 


.« - 


R, Calholic, 14 .. 


6,030 . 


$73,815 


Christian... — . 


— .. 


— 


Jewisli 


s . 


. 2,400 


. 8S,700 


Swedt'nb'g ,. — .. 








ConeryfTHt'I. 1 , 


2,000.. 


70,000 


LiUhrrftn,.. 


41 , 


. 14.750 


, 109.,500 


Tunkcr — .. 


— . 


— 


Dutrh Ref.. — . 


— .. 


— 


Mennonilti. . 


_ , 


— 


— 


Union — .. 


— , 


_ 


Episcnpnl.. 71. 


25„'i40.. 


615.450 


Mftlic.ilist,. 


467 . 


, 139.9-20 


, 811,163 


Tinitarian.,. 1 .. 


7U0 .. 


80.000 


Free 5. 


\SxiO.. 


1,700 


Mnnivian.. 


— . 


— 


— 


Univer-salist, 2 .. 


650 . 


5.600 


Friende 1. 


600.. 


500 


Prcsbyter'D. 


125. 


. M,465 


. 471,125 


Minor Secla. 19 ,, 


6,62/; . 


69,425 



SOS 



sou 



sou 



, — making a total of 1,1G3 churches, having acoomraodation for 45^,930 persons, and valued at $2,140,346. SoiUh Carolina 
is a diocese of the Protustant Episcopal Church, and also forms a part of the Roman CalhoUc diocese of Charleston. 

I/iatnricdl S^etvlL—Qoulh Carolina, for many years after its settlement, was united under the same government as 
Norlh Carolina ; but as early as 1G71 il had been set off as the " County of Carteret in Carolina.'' and in 1715 had a sep- 
arate Iciiislature. In 1727 it became a royal colony. 

The jcpneral history of the colony, from its first settlement to the division of Carolina into North and South, is piven in 
connectiiMi with the description of North Carolina (wliich aee). The germ of the population of South Carolina was 
planted at Port Royal in 1670, but becoming disaatisfted with the locality, the colony removed the next year to llio banks 
of Ashley River, where they founded old Charleston. A second removal took place in IGSO to Oyster Point, at the coq- 
fliieneo of Ashley and Cooper rivers, where the i>resent city of Charleston was commenced. 

On the selUement of South Carolina, the proprietors engaged the celebrated John Locke to frame for them a conslitu* 
Uon and body of laws. The system of governinent proposed by the philosopher consisted of 120 articles, and was partly 
aristncratic and partly feudal in its principles. Three classes of nobility were established, viz., barons, caciques, and 
landgraves. The first were to possess 12,000, tlie second 24.000, and the third 4S,000 acres of land, which was to remain 
unalienable in their families. The legislature consisted of only on» 1k>usc, and was composed of the lords proprietors, the 
nobility, and deputies chosen by the free inhabitants holding lierilable property. This plan of government, ill suited to the 
condition ami views of the people, produced discord and anarchy. Its spirit was adverse to a democracy, and encour- 
aged the proprietaries in arbitrary proceedings. Religious disputes, however, at this time, were the great causes of 
disturbance. The Episcopalians being in a majority, attempted to exclude <Hssenters from the legislature, and the at- 
tempt succeeding, the Church of England was established by law. A train of evil consequences followed; and though 
the obnoxious hiw was annulled by the British Parliament, tranquillity was not restored, and soon after (1729) the people 
preferring a monarchy to an oligarchy, the colony became a royal government, the king purchasing the riglits of the 
proprietaries. 

From this period the colony was governed on the same plan as the other royal governme»ts, and its growth became 
more rapid. Population began to pour in when discord subsided. The Dutch expelled from New York, the Trench 
Protestants, on the revocation of the Edict of Nantz, and others fleeing from tyranny and opposition, sought asylum in 
the young colony. These generally settled themselves on the Santee River, and perhaps more by their respectability and 
character than by their numbers, contributed to the future welfare of the State. The insurrections of 1715 and 1745 in 
England also sent numbers to the settlement; many arrived from Germany and Switzerland, and 1,500 French colonists, 
expatriated from Nova Scotia, found sanctuary in South Carolina. The cultivation of rice was commenced about the 
end of tlie seventeenth century, and as is well known, to this event (which was purely accidental) the State has derived a 
las^ting source of wealth. 

The wars of tne Spaniards. French, and Indians, undertaken by each for the extermination of the settlers, greatly 
impeded the progress of the country during the period commencing with the eighteenth century, and ending with the 
general peace of 1763. The coasts were ravaged, tlie frontier settlements broken up, and numbers left the country in. 
despair, and, to add to the misfortunes of this stale of matters, the small-pox raged with violence during the latter portion 
of this calamitous period. 

During the thirteen years intervening to the breaking out of the Revolution of 1776, the province enjoyed uninterrupted 
peace and prosperity, and in that time nearly douljled its population ; and the S(juthern colonies were at thai time little 
inclined to di!*tiirb the peaceful order of things, then existing, by joining in the revolt against the mother country. But 
though this feeling animated the inlial>ilauts generally, there was also a minority favorable to the revolution ; ami about 
this time a revulsion was brought about even among the monarchical party, by orders having been given the governor to 
use immediately and effectually the militarj' in the subjugation of the dissentients. This circumstance seems to have 
determined the conduct of the colonists. During the long struggle that Hallowed, this State suffered much both from the 
British and Indians, and the lory interest among themselves. Tlie war in South Carolina was remarkable both for gene- 
ral actions of great importance to tlie public cause, and for the display of individual bravery and patriotism. The battles 
of Cowpens and Eulaw Springs may vie with any in the contest for skill and courage, and the names of Marion, Sumtey, 
and Lee will ever live on the page of history. The city of Charleston w.as twice besieged — once in 1776, unsuccessfully, 
and once in 17S0, when^atler a lietermined resistance its inhabitants and garrison fell into the hands of the enemy. The 
victory of Eutaw Springs in 17S1 relieved the State from the pressure of war, and contributed not a little to the successful 
issue of the contest The scenes of the battles and sieges within South Carolina occurred in the following chroiiological 
order: Fort Moultrie, 2Stb June, 1776; Port Royal, 1779 ; St John's, 1779 ; Monk's Corner. 14lh April, 17^0 ; Charles- 
ton. 12th May, ITSO; Camden, IGth August, ITSO; Bi'oad ^/y*'/', October, 17S0 ; TV^/*'/' /iVftr, October. 17So ; CoivpenSj 
l"lh .January, 17S1 ; Fort Watson, 14th April, 17S1 ; Hobkirk's Hill, 25 April, 1751 ; Ninety-Six, ISth June, 17S1 ; Eutaio 
S2)ri»ff'i, Slh September, 1781, the scenes of American success being noted in italics. 

The history of the State since this period has been one of interest It notes many phases in politics which have startled 
the public mind, and though comparatively a small Stale, its proceedings have occupied a large share of public attention. 
Its attitude on several important federal questions has been peculiar and independent, and so tenacious of '" State rights'' 
liave the people appeared, that on several occasions they have even gone so far as to threaten a separation from the 
Union. In these manifestations nf sovereignty, however, the patriotism of tho people has not suffered in the general 
esteem of the world ; and it may he^ added that the influence of the conduct of South Carolina has not been without its 
benefits to the Union, in restraining the federal aggressions and upholding the rights of States to the management of their 
own internal affairs. South Carolina, too, has given to its sister States an example worthy of imitation, in its advocacy 
of Southern industry and improvement. Among Soulliern Slates, this is second to none in its public works, and In many 
of its industrial employments ranks superior to any other in which slave labor is useil as a producing power. 

Columbia, on the east side of Cougaree River, is the political capital of tho Slate. 



Sorrn Carroll, p. v., Carroll co., Tt^mi. : on a branch of 
Forked Deer r., 102 m. 8. W. by W. Nashville. 

Somi Carrollton, p. o., Muhlenburg co., Kt/. : 143 m. 
6. W.Frankfort 

SocTii Carver, p. o., Plymouth co., Mass. : 89 m. S. by E. 
Boston. 

806 



South Cass, p. o., Ionia county, MicTu : S3 m. W. N. W. 
Lansing. 

South Coahlkston, p. v., Clark co., Ohio : on a brancb 
of the Little Miami river, and on the Columbus and Xenia 
E. R., S6 m. W. by S. Columbus. 

South Cila£lestown, p. v. and eta., Sullivan county, 



sou 



sou 



y. JTamp. : on the left bank of the Connecticut r., on the 
Sullivan R. K.. '2'2 m. S. from WinJsnr, :uk1 4:5 W. Conconl. 

SocTH Chesteeville, p. 0., Franklin county, J/c; on a 
DfanoU of Sandy r., 21 ra. N. W. Augusui. 

SopTH CuiNA, p. 0., Kennebec county, Me. : 13 m. N. E. 
Augusta. 

SouTu Co-LTTMHiA, p. 0., Herkimer county, K Y.: G3 m. 
N. W. by W. Albany. 

SouTU CuEixTit, p. v., Saratoga county, N. Y. : 30 m. N. 
Albany. 

South Cortlasdt, p. c, Cortlandt co., N. Y. : 132 m. 
"W. by N. Albany. 

South Coventry, p. v., Tolland co.. Conn. : on the "SVilli- 
mantic r.. and on the New London, Williniantio, and Palmer 
K. U.. 34 m. N. by W. New London, and 22 E. from Hart- 
ford. This is a flourishing place, and contains several 
wooteai factories for the manufacture of satinet warp, and 
the " Ea^rle Manufacturing Company" have their establish- 
ment for priming cloths in this v.— capital $20,000. There 
are from 50 to 60 opt-ralives employed in the manufactories. 

South Ceaftsbiieg, p. v., Orleans eo.. Verm.: 30 m. N. 
liy E. M"nipelier. There is a manufactory of woolen goods 
in the village. 

South Creek, t. and p. c, Bradford co., Perm. : 113 m. 
N- IJnrrislnirg. Drained by a stream so called, which af- 
fords power to several mills. Surface hilly; soil gravelly 
loam. The Williamsport and Elmira li. U. will pass through 
this town. 

South Dasby, p. o., Tompkins co., K. Y. : 144 m. S. W. 
Albany. 

South Daxsvelle, p. v., Steuben county. A''. Y.: on the 
Canaseraga r., branch of the Genesee r., 20S m. W. Albany. 

South Danvers, \. and sta., Essex county, Mass. : at the 
junction of ihe Kasex E. E. with the Salem and Lowell ami 
South Ri^ading Branch railroads, 19 m. S. E. Lawrence, 22 
S. E. by E. Lowell, and 17 N. E. by N. Eostou. 

Soi'TU DAiiTMouxn, p. v.. Bristol co., Mass.: on Appone- 
gansett bay. 57 m. S. Boston. 

South Dedham. v, and sta., Norfolk co., Mass.: on the 
Norfolk County R. E., U m. S. W. Boston, 

South I)K^KF^ELD, p. v., Rockingham oo., Al Uamp. : on 
a branch of Lamprey r., IS m. S. E. Concord. 

South Deekfielo, v. and sta., Franklin oo., J/Ij-w. ; on 
the Connecticut River E. E.,2S m. N. Springfield, and SI m. 
"W. by N.Boston. 

South Deek Isle, p. o., Hancock co.. Me. : on S. pari of 
the island so called, 55 m. E, by S. Augusta. 

South Dennis, p. v., Barnstable co., 3fass. : on the left 
bank of Bass river. 67 m. 9. E. Boston. Common salt and 
epsom salt is manufactured in the vicinity. 

South Dickinson, p. o., Franklin co., jVI Y.: 150 m. N. 
by W. Albany. 

South Dorset, p. o., Bennington co., Verm. : 71) m. S. by 
W. Montpelier. 

South Dotee, p. v., Piscataquis co., Me. : 67 m. N. E. 
Augusta. 

South Dovee, p. v. and sta.. Duchess co.. A' }'. ; on the 
Harlem R. R., 73 m. N. by E. New Tork city, and 79 S. liy 
E. Albany. 

South Dresden', p. o., Lincoln co., Me. : on the E. of the 
Kennebei^ r.. 21 m. S. by E. Augusta. 

South Durham, p. o., Cumberland co.. Me.: 31 m. S. "W. 
Augusta. 

South Durham, p. o., Greeno co.. y. Y. : on a tribufarj^ 
of the Hudson r.. 3o m. S. \V. Albany. 

South Kast. U and p. o., Putnam county, A' Y. : 8S miles 
S. by E. Albany. The Harlem E. R. passes tlinuigh. hav- 
ing a sta. at Brewster's. 55 m. from New York. 99 from East 
Albany. Surface hilly ; soil fertile. Drained I>y Croton r. 
It contains several mills of various kinds, a paper factory, 
and tanu'-ry. Pop. 2,079. 

South IIaston, p. c, ■Washington county, A'! Y. : 24 m. 
N. N, E. Albany. 



South Easton, p. o., Bristol co., Mass. : 25 m. 3. Boston. 

StiuTH Eomeston, p. o., Otsego county. A'. Y. : 75 m. W. 
Albany. 

S(h;th Edwards, p. o., St. Lawrence co., A^. }'. : 13S m. 
N. N. W. Albany. 

South Egremont, j). v., Berkshire co., Mauri. : on a small 
brand) of Ilousatonie r., 122 m. W. by S. Bo.'^ton. 

South English, p. t., Keokuk co., fa. : on a branch of 
English r. 33 m. W. S. W. Iowa City. 

South Erin, p. o., Chemung co., 2i. Y. : 15G m. \Y. S. W. 
Albany. 

Soutiierland, p. 0., Jefferson county, Flor. : 2i miles E 
Tallahassee. 

South Farms, p. v.. Litchfield co.. Conn. : 2? ni. "W. by S. 
Ilartfonl, and 30 m. N. N. W. New Haven. It contains an 
academy and church. 

S(>UTHFiELD, %. and p. o., Oakland county, Mif7i. : 69 m. 
E. by S. Lansing. Drained by atfluents of the branch of 
Rouge r. Surface ■liversified; soil deep and fertile, well 
wooded. Pop. in 1S40, 1.061 : in 1S50. 1,65S. 

Southfteld. p. 0., Berkshire co., 3fass. 

South Fitchburg, v. and sta., Worcester county, Mass. : 
on the Fitchburg and Worcester R. E., 21 m. N. Worcester, 
and 40 W. N. W. Boston. 

South Florence, p. v., Franklin. co., Ala.: on the left 
bank of Tennessee river, opposite Florence, 1S5 m. N. W. 
Montgomery. 

Southfoed, p. o.. New Haven co., Conn. 

South Fork, p. o., Owsley co.. A';/. ; on a fork of Kentucky 
r., 77 ni. S. E. Frankfort. 

B<H:Tn Fork, p. o., Ashe co., A^ Car. : li'.9 m. W. N. W. 
Raleigh. 

South Fore, p. o., Wayne county, la.: Ill miles S. W. 
Iowa City. 

South Foster, p. o.. Providence Co., 7?. / ; 1"J ni. W. by S. 
Providence. 

Sou'ni Framingh.vji, p. v. and sta.. Middlesex co., Mass. : 
on the Boston and Worcester R. R., 21 m. from Boston, and 
24 tn. from Worcester. 

South Franklin, p. o.. Delaware county. A' P.; 76 m. 
W. S. W. Albany. 

South Franklin, p. o.. Norfolk county. Mass. : 27 miles 
S. W. by S. Boston. The Norfolk County P.. E. passes 
near il. 

South Freedom, p. o., Waldo co., Mt. : 25 m. N. E. by E. 
Am^usta. 

SoirTH Galwat, p. o., Saratoga county, 21 m. W. N. W. 
Alb.my. 

South Gardiner, v. and sta.. Kennebec co.. M'-. : on W. 
bank of Kennebec r., and on Kennebec and Portland R E., 
12 m, from Augusta, and 4S m. from Porllan-I. 

South Gardiner, p. o., Worcester county, Miss.: 51 m. 
W. N. W. Boston. 

South Gate, p. o., Franklin county, Ifid.: Gfi m. E. S.E. 
Indianapolis. 

South Gen-esee, p. o., Waukesha county, Wise. : 47 m. 
E. by S. Madison. 

South Girson, p. v., Gibson co., Tenn. : 117 m. W. by S. 
Nashville. 

SnuTH Gr.ASTENEURV. p. V., Hartford CO., Conn.: on E. 
side of Connecticut r., 9 ra. S. Hartford, 30 ni. N. N. E. 
Nfw Haven. 

South Granry. p. o.. Oswego county, K Y. : 144 miles 
W. N. W. Albany. 

South Granville, p. o., Washington co.. A' Y.: 54 m. 
N. N. E. Albany. 

South Groton, p. c, Middlesex county, Mass.: .30 m. 
N. W. by W. Boston. 

South Grove, p. o., De Kalb co., HI.: 161 m. N. N. E. 
Springfield. 

South Grove, p. o., Walworth eo.. Wise: 57 m. S. E. 
Madison. 

South Hadlet, t, and p. v.j Hampshire co., Mitss.: on 

807 



sou 



sou 



E, side of Connecticut r., 79 m. W. Boston. Surface beau- 
tifully diversifitd ; soil productive. The Conneciicut r. Iiaa 
liere a fall of 50 feet in about SO rods, around which the first 
canal on the river was constnictcd, having the following 
dimensions: 2 ra. long, with 5 locks, and for a distance of 
SOO feet cut through rock, 40 feet deep. Mount Holyoke is 
in the N. part of the town. The v. contains a church, etc., 
and the Mount Ilolyoke Female Seminary, a flourishing in- 
stitution of much celebrity. Pop. of t. 2.491. 

SoiiTH Hadley Falls, p. v., Hampshire co., Mass.: on 
the E. bank of Connecticut r.. 3 m. S. from South Hadley v., 
80 ni. W. Boston. It contains sevural manufaclorltfa, and 
is a verj' prosperous village, 

SoDTu Halifax, p. o., Windham co., Verm.: lOS m. S. 
Montpelier. 

South Hampton, t and p. o., Eockingham co., JV. Ifamp. : 
37 m. S. E. Boston. Surface uneven. Waterfid by Powow r., 
which affurds mill-sites. Pop. -172. 

South Hanover, p. v., Jefferson co.. In*?. : on IheW. of 
th(j Ohit) r., SO m. S. S. E. Indianapolis. The Hanover Col- 
lege is located in this place. The college edifice id 100 feet 
by 40, and 3 stories high. There are also (»lher small build- 
ings erected for dormitories. The Indiana Theological 
Seminary is also connected with the college. In 1S50 the 
college had G profc-wors, 100 alumni, and about 3i> students. 
The libraries contain about 4,700 volumes. 

SocTU Hanson, p. o., Plymouth co., Mass. : 23 m. S. S. E. 
Boston. 

South Hakdwick, p. c, Caledonia co., Verm. : 20 m. 
N. N. E. Montpelier. 

South Haki'etu, p. v., Davidson co., Tenii,: on the S. 
Bide of Harpetli r., 15 m. S. by W. Nashville. 

SouTK Haruisbueg, p. 0., Lewis co., K Y. : 129 m. N. "W. 
Albany. 

SouTu Haetford, p. 0., Oxford county. Me, : 27 m. VT. 
Augusta. 

South Hartfosd, p. v., 'Washington co., iV". Y. : 51 m. 
N. N. E. Albany. It contains 2 churches, tannery, grist- 
mill, and stores. 

South Hartwtck, p. o., Otaego co., JV'i K .* 6S m. W. 
Albany. 

South Harwice, p. o., Barnstable co., dfass. : on S. side 
of Cape Cod peninsula, 1 m. from the shore, 70 m. S. E. 
Boston. 

South Hawlet, p. v., Franklin county, Mass. : 97 m. 
"W. by N. Boston. 

South Hermitage, p. o., Lancaster co., Penn.: 40 m. 
S. E. HaiTisburg. 

South Heho, t. and p. v.. Grand Isle co., Vei'm-. : on S. 
part of Grand Isle ittLake Ciianiplaio, 43 ra. N. W. Mont- 
pelier. The surface rises gently from the lake ; soil is va- 
rious, but very fertile. Limestone is fi>und. A ferry con- 
nects the t, with Colchester Point. The t. contains a tannery, 
Btore, and 2 churches. Pop. of t 666. 

South Hill, p. o., Steuben co., K. Y. : 201 m. W. by S. 
Albany. 

South Hill, p. o., Bradford co., Penn. : 90 m. N. by E. 
Harrisburg, 

South Hill, p. v., Mecklenburg oo., Virg.: on a tributary 
of the Rriiinoke r., 63 m. S. W. Ilichmond. 

South HiNr.iiAM, p. v., Plymouth county, Mass.: 14 m. 
S. E. by S. Boston. 

Souni Hope. p. o., "Waldo co., JA .* 32 m. E. by S. Augusta. 
, SouTHiNGTON, t., p. V., and sta., Hartf(»rd co., Conn.: on 
New Haven and Northamptcm K. R., 22 m. N. from New 
Haven, 18 m. S. W. by S. Hartford. Surface uneven; soil 
fertile; watered by Quinnipiac river, which affords water- 
power. The town contains several grist and saw-mills, an 
academy, and 4 churches. Pop. of t, 2,139. 

SouTHiNGToN, t. and p. o., Trumbidl co., Ohio: 13S ra. 
N. E. Cohinibus. Drained by branches of Grand r. Sur- 
face undulating; soil fertile. The inhabitants are chiefly 
occupied iTi agricultural pursuits. Pop. 1,013. 
80S 



Sorrn Jackson, p. v., Jackson co., Mic?i. : 3S m. S. by E. 
Lansing. 

South Kent, p. v., Litchlltid co., Co7m. : 40 ra. W. by S. 
Hartford, 3S m. N. W. New Haven. 

South Killingly, p. v., Windham co., Cwin.: 40 m. E. 
Hartford, Q^ m. N. E. New ILiven. 

South Kingston, p. o., llockiugham county, K. Hamp.: 
32 m. S. E. by South Concord. 

South Kingston, t., Washington co., H. I. : 29 ra. S. by 
W. Providence. Bounded on the E. by Narragansett bay, 
and on the S. by Atlantic Ocean. This t., formerly part of 
North Kingston, is the largest t. in the State, coraprising 93 
sq. ra. At its S. E. extremity is the noted Point Judith. 
Kingston village, in its N. part, is the capital of the county. 
The t. has an uneven surface ; soil of gravelly loam, and 
contains a large salt pond, and about 20 fresh-water ponds, 
one of which contains 3,000 or 4,000 acres. The fisheries 
on its shores are extensive and valuable. Many of its citi- 
zens are eraployed therein, and in navigation. The town 
also contains several factories, chiefly making woolen goods. 
The Stonington and Providence E. E. passes through its 
N. W. part. Pop. 3,S02. 

South KiETLANn, p. o., Lake co., Ohio: 13S m. N. N. E. 
Ci'Iumbus. 

South Kortright, p. v., Delaware county, A' Y. : 72 m. 
S. W. by W. Albany. 

South Laa'sing, p. c, Tompkins ca, Jf. Y.: 146 m. "W. 
Albany. 

South Lee, p. v. and sta., Berkshire co., Mass. : on Berk- 
shire E. E., 15 m. S. Pittsfield, 114 m. W. Boston. Here are 
several paper mills and an iron foundry. 

South Leeds, p. c, Kennebec county. Me. : on E. side of 
Androscoggin r, 21 hl W. S. W. Montpelier. 

South Lincoln, p. v., Penobscot co.. Me. : on E. bank of 
Penobscot r., 93 m. N. N. E. Augusta. 

South Livonia, p. o., Livingston co., A^. Y. : between 
Conesus and Hemlock lakes, 206 m. W. Albany. 

South Lodi, p. o., Seheca co., A^ Y. : on E. side of Seneca 
lake, IGl m. W. Albany. 

South Lot\'ell Mills, p. o., Orange co., IT. Car. : 33 m. 
N. W. Ealeigh. 

South Ltme, p. v. and sta.. New London co., Conn. : on 
the New Haven and New London E. E., 40 m. from New 
Haven, and 10 m. from New London. 

South Ltnpeborougu, p. o., Hillsboro* co.,^. Samp. : 
26 m. S. S. W. Concord. 

South Lyon, p. o., Oakland co., Mich.: 54 ra. S. E. Lansing. 

South Manchester, p. o., Hartford co., Cdiin.: 9 m. E. 
Hartford. 

South Marcellus, p. o., Onondaga co., A^ Y. : 132 m. 
W. by N. Albany. 

South Maxfield, p. o., Penobscot co.. Me. : on Piscata- 
quis r., S7 m. N. E. by N. Augusta. 

South Merkimao, p. v. and sta., Hillsboro' co., IT. Hump. : 
on Wilton Branch E. E., 5 m. fnun Nashville, 45 m. from 
Boston. 27 m. S. Concord. 

South Middlebokough, p. o. and sta., Plymouth county, 
Muss. : on Cape Cod Branch E. E., 8 m. from Middleboro', 
and 4S m. from Boston. 

South Milford, p. o., Cecil county, Md. : 49 m. N- E 
Annapolis. 

South Milfokd, p. c, La Grange co., InJ, : 130 m. N.N.E. 
Indianapolis. 

South Milfokd, p. o., Otsego co., A'l Y,: GS m. W. by 8. 
Albany. 

South MtLfokd, p. o., Worcester co., Mass. : 29 m. S. W. 
Boston. 

South Mills, p. o., Camden co., 2^. Car. : 145 m. E. N. E. 
Ealeigh. 

South Molfncts, p. o., Aroostook county, Me. : 142 m. 
N. N. E. Augusta. 

South Montville, p. o., Waldo co., Mo. : 2T m. E. by N. 
Augusta. 



sou 



sou 



South mountain, Washinglon am] Frederick counties, 
M'Lrtx well-tlefincd ridge of Ihe Alleghaniea, furmiug the 
boumiary between the two coniilies. 

SoiTU Nashville, p. o„ Davidson co., Tim, 

South Natick, p. v., MidiUesi-x co., Mass. : on 'W. side 
of Charles r., 14 m. "W. S. W. Boston. 

South New Berlin, p. v., Chonangn co., K. Y. : on W. 
bank of Unadilla r. It contains a church and a few stores. 
Pop. about ISO. * 

South Nkwbueg, p. v., Penobscot co., Me.: on a creek 
of Sowadiibscook r.,-47 m. N. E. Augusta. 

South Newuuey, p. o., Orange co., Verm. : 27 m. E. S. E. 
Monlpelier. 

South Newburt, p. o., Merrimac co., X. Uaynj). : 25 m. 
"W. by N. Concord. 

Booth New C-istle, p. o., Gallia co., Oldo: in a mineral 
coal region on the N. bank of the Ohio r., 99 m. S. S. E. 
Columbus. It contains several stores, a furnace, forge, and 
rolling-mill, etc. 

S'.LTii New Mahket, t, p. v., and sta., Eockingham CO., 
N. Ilamp. : 31 ni. E. S. E. Concord. Bounded on the E. 
by Squawscot r. and part of Great bay. The Boston and 
Maine It. K. passes through the v., 55 m. from Boston, 5tj m. 
fnini Porllund, and connects with the Portsmouth and Con- 
curd i;. K. 10 m. from Porlsm<^uth, 37 m. from Concord. 
Pop. 51 G. 

South Newport, p. v., M'Intosh co., Ga. : on the right 
bank of the river so called, about 9 m. from its mouth, 
180 m. S. E. Milledgeville. 

South Newry, p. o., Oxford co., J/e. .• on a branch of 
Androscoggin r., 54 m. W. Augusta. 

South Nokwalk, p. v., and st:i., Fairfield co., Conn. : on 
"W. side of Norwalk r., near its mouth, and on New York 
and New Haven R, P., 44 m. from New Tork, 32 m. from 
New Ilaven. Tliis is the landing-place for steamboat a, and 
the conmiencement of the Danbury and Norwalk K. R., 
24 m. from Dmiburj'. The v. has considerable manufac- 
tures, particularly of felt, beaver hats, and cloth. A most 
melancholy cata.strophe and awful loss of life occurred here 
Dn Friday, May 6th, 10 a.m., 1S53, when a locomotive, etc., 
with two passenger cars, were precipitated through the 
open drawbridge into the river below. The number of 
persons immediately killed and drowned was 47 ; 39 were 
very seriously injured, and many others much bruised, etc. 
The calamity was unprecedented since the introduction of 
railroads, and cast a gloom ovi-r the whole Union. 

Southolu, I., p. v., and sta., Suffolk co., N. Y. : at the E. 
Bide of Long Island, between Long Island Sound and Great 
Peconic an<l Gardiner's bays. Several islands also belong 
to it. Surface level ; soil sandy Inmn. The \. is a scatt«Ti-d 
Bettlemcnt on the Long Island R. R., 91 m. from New York. 
The inh:ihit:mts are much engaged in the fisheries. Pop. 
in 1S40, 3,007 ; in 1550, 4.722. 

South Olive, p. o., Morgan co., Ohio: 75 m. E. by S. 
Columbus. 

South Osondaga, p. o., Onondaga co., JV. 1'.; 132 m. 
W. by N. Albany. 

South Oe.vxge, p. o. and sta., Essex co., N. J'-r. : on 
Morris and Essex R. R., 6 m. from Newark, 15 m. fnmi 
New York, and 44 m. N. E. by N. Trenton. In the vicinity 
is a water-cure estabhshment 

South Orleans, p. o., Barnstable co., Mass.: 70 m. S. E. 
Boston. 

South Oruixgton, p. o., Penobscot county, M^. : on 
the E. bank of the Penobscot river, 5S m. N. E. by E. 
Augusta. 

South Otselic, p. o., Chenango co., iV. Y.: 107 m. "W. 
Albany. 

South OwEr.o. p. o., Tioga co., K Y. : on S. side of Sus- 
quehanna r., 18(3 m. W. S. W. Albany. 

Soi^TU Oxford, p. o., Chenango co., X. Y.: on the Che- 
nango r. and canal. 102 m. "W. S. W. Albany. 

South Oyster Bay, p. o., Queen's co., X. Y. : 13S m. S. 



Albany. This is a scatteroil .settlement, 1 m. from the Great 
St)ulh bay, which it overlooks. 

South Paris, p. v. and sla., Oxford co., Me. : on the At« 
lantic and St. Lawrence R. R., 4S m. from Portland. 3S m. 
W. by S- Augusla. In the vicinity is a flourishing woolen 
factory, making principally cassimcres. 

South pAE^o^■slrTEI.l^ p. v., Yurk county, Me. : 74 m. S.W 
Augusts. 

South Peery, p. o., Iluckiug county, (Viio: 33 m. S. E. 
Columbus. 

South Plymouth, p. o., "Wayne eo., Mirh.: 71 m. S. E, 
Lansing. 

South Plymouth, p. c, Chenango co., ^V. 1'.; 99 m. "W. 
Albany. 

South Point, p. o., Lincoln co., N. Cur. : 133 m. "W. by S. 
Raleigh. 

South Pomfeet, p. o., "Windsor county, Venn.; 43 milea 
S. by E. Montpelier. 

Southport, p. b. and sta., Fairfli^d co,, Conn.: on "W. 
side of Mill river, at its entrance in^> a small i)ay of Long 
Island Sound ; and on New York and New Haven R. K., 
52 m. from New York, 24 ra. from New Ilaven. The har- 
bor is convenient for vessels of 100 tons, is rarely frozen, and 
is protected by an exlcnsive breakwater cnnstruele<l by the 
United States. The b. contains 2 churches, an academy, 
and bank with capital of $100,000. 

Southpop.t, p. o., Marion co., Jnd. : on the line of the 
Madison and ImiianapoJis R. R., 6 m. S. from Indianapolis. 

Southport, t. and p. o., Chemung co., iV. Y. : on S. W. 
and S. side of Chemung r, 1G3 m. W. S. "W. All)any. Sur- 
face diversified, with very fertile soil. The P-ric R. R. runs 
thnnigh the t. along the W.bank of the Chemung, and has 
a sta. at "Wellsburg, 276 miles from New Y"rk, and 193 m. 
from Dunkirk. Pop. in 1S40, 2,101 ; in 1^50, 3.IS4. 

South Pkairie, p* v., Boone county, III. : 1G3 m. N. N. E. 
Springfield, 

South Peospect, p. o., Waldo co., dfe. : on W. side of 
Penobscot r., near its mouth, bl m. E. by N. Augusta. 

South Pultsey, p. o., Steuben co., X. Y. : on W. side of 
Crooked lake, ISO m. W. Albany. 

South Quay, p. v., Nansemond county, Virff. : on the E. 
bank of Biackwater r., 73 m. S. S. E. Richmond. 

South Raymond, p. o., Rockingham county, X, ITamp.: 
23 m. S. E. Concord. 

South Reauing, t., p. v., and sta., Middlesex co.. Mass.: 
on the Boston and Maino R. R., 10 ni. N. from Boston, and 
by South Reading Branch R. R., 9 m. "W. from Salem. In- 
corporated fn»m Reafling in 1S12. The v. near Reading 
Pond is handsomely built, and contains 2 churches, with an 
academy. Many of its citizens transact their daily business 
in Boston. Pop. in 1S40, 1,517: in 1S50, 2,407. 

South Reaiuno, p. v., "Windsor county. Verm. : 57 m. S. 
Montpelier. 

South Richlanp, p. o., Oswego county, K. Y. : 141 miles 
W. N. W. Albany. 

South Riuge, p. o., Ashtabula co., Ohio: 157 m. N. E. 
Columbus. 

South river, Anne Arundel county, Md.: a large inlet of 
Chesapeake bay, wliicli it enters at Thomas' Point, on 
which there i:^ a lighthouse. Lat S^o M' 25", long. 70° 27'34". 
Fixed light. 

South river, X. Car. : rises in Cuml)crlantl county, flows 
S. S. K., and empties into Cape Fear river, 10 miles above 
Wilmington. 

South River, Middlesex co., X. Jer. 

StiuTii P.ivER, p. o,, Anne Arundel co,, Md. : on the river 
8o called, 8 ni. S. Ann:i|iotis. 

South Rovalton, p. o. and sta., Worcester co., Mass.: 
on Miller's river, and the Vermont and Massachusetts R. E,, 
27 m. from Fitchburg. 29 m. from Greenfleld, and by Fitch- 
biirg R. R., etc., 77 m. tVom Boston. 

SoL'TH Royalton, p. o., Niagara county, Al Y.: 25G m, 
\V. by N. Albany. 



sou 



sou 



SorxH EoTALTox, p. o. and sta., "Windsor co., Verm,: on 
Vermont Central R, E., 32 m. from Windsor, and 125 miles 
From Eouse's Point, 31 m. S. by E. Montpelier. 

SouTu EuTi.A>T), p. 0., Jefferson co., i\^. Y. : 13S m. N.W. 
Albany. 

SoDTu Etegate, p. 0., Caledonia co., Fe/VH. ; on Wells r., 
22 m. E. by S. Montpelier. 

South Saint Geobgb, p. o., Lincoln county, 3fe. : 40 m. 
S. E. Augusta. 

South Salem, p. v., Westchester co., i\^ T. : on a small 
branch of Croton r., 9S m. S. Albany. 

South Salem, p. o., Eoss co., 0?iio: 42 m. S. Columbus. 

South Sandwich, p. o., Barnstable co., Mass.: 54 m. 
8. E. Boston. 

South Frakkfoed, p. o., York co., Me.: 83 m. 8. W. 
Augusta. 

South Sangerttllk, p. c, Piscataquis co.. Me. : 63 m. 
N. E. Augusta. 

South Schopace, p. v., Eensselaer co., Al T.: 15 m. 
S. by E. Albany. 

South Scituate, t. and p. c, PljTnoulh co., Mass. : on 
the N. side of North r., IS m. S. E. Boston. This town was 
taken from Scituate. Drained by branch of North riv er. A 
flourishing agricultural place. Pop. 1,770. 

South Scituate. p. v., Providence co., i?. /. ; on the E. 
side of Pawiuxet r., 11 m. W. by S. Providence. A manufac- 
tory of cotton warp here makes from 15 to 16 tons annually. 

South Sebec, p. o., Piscataquis co., Me. : on N. side of 
Piscataquis r., 72 m. N. E. Augusta. 

South Seekonk, p. v., Bristol co., Mass. : on a stream 
flowing into Providence bay, 43 m. S. W. Boston. 

South Shaftsburt, p. v., Bennington co.. Verm.: on 
Western Vermont E. R., 49 m. from Rutland, and 100 m. 
S. S. W. Montpelier. 

South Suenango, t. and p. o., Crawford co., Penn. : 200 m. 
N. W. Harrisburg. Drained by Shenango cr. Surface un- 
dulating. It contains several workshops, mills, etc. 

South Shf.ewseuey, p. v., Worcester co., Mass. : 34 m. 
W. by S. Boston. 

South Side. p. o., Eichmond co., 2^. Y.: 144 m. S. Albany. 

South Sodus, p. v., Wayne co., A''. Y. : 169 m. W. by N. 
Albany. 

South Solon, p. v., Somerset co., Me. : 42 m. N. Augusta. 
It is surrounded by a fine a^icultural country. 

South Solon, p. o., Madison county, 0?no: 21 m. W. 
Columbus. 

South Stephentown, p. o., Eennselaer co., 2^. Y. : 22 ra. 
S. E. by E. Albany. 

South Steeling, p. c, Wayne co., Penn. : 101 m. N. E. 
Harrisburg. 

South Stoddaed, p. c, Cheshire co., 27'. JIamp. : SI m. 
S. W. Concord. 

Soirm Strafford, p. v.. Orange co.. Verm. : on a branch 
of the Ompoinponoosucr.,33m. S. E. MontpcHcr. Sulphurtt 
of iron is found in the vicinity. 

South Ta-Mworth, Carroll co., A^ namp. : on Bcarcamp 
p., at the mouth of the Conway r., 43 m. N. E. by N. Concord. 

^OUTH Thomaston, t. and p. o,, Lincoln co.. Me. : on the 
E. side of St. George's r., having Penobscot bay on the E., 
41 m. S. E. Augusta. A new town, taken from Thomaston, 
in iS43. It is largely pugaged in the ship-building and 
coasting trade. The Cflebralcd peninsula of " Owl's Head'' 
is comprised in the t It lias a fine harbor, off whieh'a light- 
house is located, in lat. U° 03' 50", and long. 69=* 00' UO". 
Granite is abundant, and the quarrying and burning of 
lime, from limestone found here, is carried onto a consider- 
able extent. Pop. 1,420. 

South Thompson, p. o., Geauga co., Ohio: 181 m. N. E. 
Columbus. 

South Thurston, p. o., Steuben eo., A'i Y. : 204 m. W. by S. 
Albany. 

South Teekton, p. o., Oneida co., 27. Y. : on the S. of 
Trenton Falls, 85 m. N. W. Albany. 
810 



South Union, p. v., Logan co,, iTy. ; on a tributary of Big 
Barren r., 133 m. S, W. Frankfort. The inhabitants of this 
place are chiefly Shakers. They are divided into different 
families, each one having a sei)arale house, with out-houses, 
work-shops, etc., attached. Pop. 245. 

South Valley, p. v., Otsego co., A': 3*. ; 52 m. W. Albany. 

South Vassalboeo', p. o., Kennebec county, Me. : 9 m. 
N. E. Augusta. 

South Yernon, v. and sta., Windham co., Venn. : on the 
right bank of the Connecticut r., on the Connecticut lliver 
B. E., at its connection with the Vermont and Massachu- 
setts, the Ashuelol, and the BralUeboro' Branch of the Ver- 
mont Valley Raihoads, 50 m. N. Springfield {Mass.), 19 m, 
W. by S. Keene {K II.\ and 109 m. S. by E. from Mont- 
pelier. 

SouTHviLLE, p. o., Litchtleld CO., Conn. : 82 m. W. by S. 
Uarlford. 

SouTHTTLLE, p. o., Shclby CO., Ky. : 25 m.W. Frankfort. 

SouTHViLLE, p. v., St. LawTcncc CO., Al }* .- on the E. side 
of St. Regis r, 152 m. N. W. Albany. 

South Walden, p. v., Caledonia co.. Verm. : 21 ra. N. E. 
Montpelier. 

South Wales, p. v., Erie co., 27. Y. : 20 m. S. E. Buffalo, 
and 254 m. W. from Albany. 

South Wallingfoed, p. o. and sta., Rutland co., Ve}'m, : 
on E. side of Otter cr., on the Western Vermont R. E., 13 m. 
S. Rutland, and 63 m. 3. W. by S. Montpelier. 

South Walpole, p. v., Norfolk co., Mass, : on a branch 
of Naponset r., 21 m. S. W. Boston. 

South Waeeham, v. and sta., Plymouth co.. J/i».w. ; on 
the E. side of the Weweantic river, on the Cape Cod Branch 
R. R., 50 m. S. E. by S. Boston. 

Souths AEK dist,, Philadelphia co., Penn.: a suburb of 
the city of Philadelphia, from which it was separated ia 
1762 — is one and a quarter miles long, and the same ia 
width. The streets, which are very straight, cross each 
other at right angles, and are well paved. The buildings, 
i)uilt chiefly of brick, are from 2 to 3,stories in height- It is 
lighted in most part with gas, and supplied with water from 
Schuylkill Water-works. The Na\7 Yard, several ship aud 
boat yards, a marine railway, and various manufarloriea are 
comprised in this district. There is also a lofty brick shot- 
tower. For capital invested in manufactures, etc., sec 
PmLADELPHiA. Pop. 35,799. 

South Warren, p. o., Bradford coimty, Penn.: 110 m. 
N. by E. Harrisburg. 

South Warsaw, p. o., Wyoming co., 27. Y.: on the line 
of the Buffalo and New York City R. R., 47 m. E. by S. 
Buffalo, and 230 m. W. from Albany. 

South Wateefoed, p. v., Oxford county. Me. : 51 m. 
W. by S. Augusta. 

South Weake, p. v., Hillsboro' co., K. Ilamp. : 17 m. 
S. W. Concord. 

South Wellfleet, p. v., Barnstable co., Mass. : on an 
inlet of Wellfleet bay, 03 m. S. E. Boston. Salt is exten- 
sively manufactured in the vicinity, and the inhabitants are 
mostly engaged in the cod and mackerel fisheries. 

SoiTTH Westerloo, p. v., Albany co., AT. Y. : 19 ra. S. W. 
Albany. It contains several manufactories. 

South-west Harbor, p. v., Uancock co., 3fe. : on the E. 
of an inlet of Bass harbor, 72 ra. E, Augusta. 

Southwest Oswego, p. o., Oswego co., 27. Y.: 152 m. 
N. W. Albany. 

South Westport. p. o., Bristol co., Mass. : on the W. of 
Acoaksett r., 5S m. S. Boston. 

South Weymouth, p. o. and sta., Norfolk co., 3fass. : on 
the Old Colony E. R., 22 m. N. W. Plymouth, pnd 15 m. 
S. by E. Boston. 

South Whttehall, t. and p. o., Lehigh co., Penn.: on 
the W. side of the Lehigh river, 76 m. E. N. E. Harrisburg. 
Drained by Jordan and Cedar creeks. Surface even; soil 
fertile, and under go^d culture. It contains sorao manu 
factories, mills, workshops, etc. 



SOP 



SPA 



South ■Whitley, p. o., Whitley ea, Jnd. : on the W. si-Ie 
of Eel r., at its confluence with Spring cr., i)b m. N. by E. 
lu'Iianapolis. 

SoumwicK, t, and p. v., Harapden co., Jftiss.: t);i m. 
8. W. by W. Boston. Drained by a branch of Weslfleld r. 
Surface varied; in parts elevated, with a good soil. Tlie 
StJite line furnis the S. boundary. Gunpowder aud lealliL-r 
form it3 chief manufactures. The v. is ccntnilly located. 
Pop. of t. 1,120. 

Sou'm Wif.BKAHAM, p. V'., Hauipden comity, iJ/l'sx; on 
Scantic r., i3 m. 8. W. by W. Boston. There is a nmnu- 
■ factory here enijtloying 31 operalivea, and manufacturing 
80,000 yanU woolen goods annually. 

SoiTu WiLHAMSTowx, p. V., Berkshire county, J/if-w. ; on 
Green river, W. uf Saddle Mountain, 115 m. N. "W. by W. 
Boston. 

SuiTii "WiLUNtiTON, V. and sta., Tolland co.. Conn.: on 
the K. side of the Willimantic river, on the New London, 
■Willimantic. aud Pahner li. E..4i ni. N. by W. New Lon- 
don, and 21 ni. E. by N. from Hartford. 

Soi'Tu AViij^oN. p. n,, Niagara co.. JV. Y. : about 25 m. N. 
BulTalo, and -JdS m. N. W. by W. Albany. 

South Wisdha.m, p. v.. Cumberland cnnuty, J/t'. .■ on N. 
side of Prt-sumpscot r.. 73 m. S. W. Augusta. The Cum- 
berland and Oxford Canal passes along the river, opposite 
the village. 

SoL'Tir WiNDiLur, p. o., Windham co., Vernt. : 79 m. S. 
Montpelier. " 

South Windham, p. v. and sta., Windham co., Coriii, : 
on the Willimantic r.,aiid on the New London, Willimantic, 
and Palnur U. K., 2(j m. N. New Loudon, and 27 m. E. by S. 
from Harlf.ird. 

SouTn WiNnson. t. and p. v., Hartford co,, Conn. : ou the 
E. side of the Connecticut river, 5 in. N. by E. Hartford. 
Drained by several small streams floM'ing into the Connec- 
ticut r. Tho V. is located near the banks of the river. Pop. 
of t. 1,63S. 

SouTu WiSDsoK, p. 0., Kennebec county, J/c. ; 11 m. E. 
Augusta. 

SouTn WonrRN, v., Middlesex co., 3fnss. : a. pleasant vil- 
lage on the Boston and Lowell P. R., S ni. N. by W. Boston. 
It is a place much resorted to, for a summer residence, by 
persons from the city. Various manufactures are carried on ; 
a stream pa.ssing the place, affords water-power. The 
Woburn Branch li. E., 2 m. in length, extends heuco to 
Woburn CeiUre. 

Soi'TU Woi.KBOBOUGn, p. 0., Carroll co., J^\ ITamp. : 80 m. 
N. E. Concord. 

South Woodstock, p. v., Windsor co., Verm. : a neat 
and pleasant v., on a branch of Quechee river, 50 m. S. 
Montpelier. 

South Worci!ster, p. o., Otsego co., J^\ Y.: on Charlotte 
r., 52 m. W. Albany. 

South Wrentham, p. o., Norfolk county, Jfam.: SO m. 
S. by W. Boston. There is a manufactory here, employmg 
41 persons, and manufacturing 80,000 yards of woolen car- 
pets per annum. 

South YAi'.MouTn. p. v., Banistableoo., J/a^«. ; on W. side 
of Bas'^ r.. ru-ar the Atlantie coa'^t. 67 ra. S. E. Boston. It 
contains Ihrie churches, and has extensive salt works. 

SowApAascooK river, JA'. : rises by 3 branches in tho 
towns of Slet.-*on, Etna, and Carmel. the branch in Etna 
having its scmri-e in a p"nd ; flows easlwardly in a circuitous 
course, and empties into the Penobscot r. at Hampilen. 5 ni. 
below Bangor. In iLs course it pJisses through 2 po.ids in 
the towns of Ilnrman and Hampden. The country through 
■which this r. flows is varie<]. having some good farming 
tracts, and a considerable portion is well wooded. It ha.s sev- 
eral falls, and there is a number of valuable mills ou its 
banks. 

SoxviLi.K, p. v.. Monroe po,, Penn.: at the junction of 
Timkhanna cr. with the Lehigh r.. S3 ra. N. E. Harrisburg. 

Spafford, t. and p. v., Onondaga county, iV! Y. : 134 m. 



W. by N. Albany. It has Otisco lake and its inlet on the E. 
aud Skaneatoles lake cm the W. Surface hilly, and in parts 
broken; s6il various. The t. contains several mills and a 
tarmery. I'op. oft. 1.9t)3. 

SPAFronn Hollow, p. o., Onondaga co., K Y. : 135 m. 
W. l»y N. Albany. 

Si'AF-Foitn's lake. Cheshire co., y. Tliiiap. : a beauiiful col- 
leetion of water in the town of Chcsterfi-ld. containing 52G 
acres, and fed by springs at its buttum. Its w:iit;rs are clear 
and pure, its bL-d being awhitf sand. There is an island in 
this lake of G acres. 

8i'ANisni:uRG, p. 0., Mercer county, Ttr<j. : 19(5 m. W. 
Iliehmontl. 

Spanish Prairie, p. v., Crawford co., J/n. .■ 39 m. S. E. 
Jefferson City. The Mauinee Iron Works are loeated about 
5 m. S. of this place. 

Sparrow Sw-amp, p. o. and sta., Darlington dist., S. Car, : 
on the Wilmington and Manchester K. K., C5 m. E. by N, 
Columbia. 

Sparta, p.- v., and cap. Conecuh co., Aid.: on Murderer, 
of Conecuh r., 109 in. S. W. Montgomery, it contains a 
court-house, jail, and U. S. land oflice. 

Sparta, p. o., Chickasaw county, Mm. : SI m. N. E. 
Jackson. 

Sparta, p. v., and cap. Hancock co., Ga.: on the divid- 
ing ground between the Great Ogech'-e and Oconee rivers, 
ly m. N. N. E. Milledgeville. It contains a court-house, 
Jail, a female academy, etc. 

Si'ARTA, p. v.. liandolph co., 77/. .' on the line of the lUi- 
n.-istown aud .Miiss.-ic B. P., 113 m. S. SpringflL-ld. It is 
situated on the N. W. border of Flat Prairie, in an excellent 
agricultural district. Two newspapers are published weekly 
—the *' Sparta Freeman" (free soil) aud the " Sparta Pegia- 
ter" (dem.) 

Si'AiiTA, p. 0., Dearborn county, Ind.: 75 miles S. E. 
Indianapolis. 

Sparta, p. o., Bienville par., Za.: 16S m. N. W. Eatou 
Rouge, 

Sparta, p. o., Hillsdale co., Jiffch. : 53 m. S. Lansing. 

SpAKTA, p. v., and cap. Buchanan Co., Mo. : on the head 
waters of Bee cr. of Platte r., 157 m. N. W. JelTerson City, 
and contains a court-house, jail, and other public buildings. 
The "Gazette" (dem.) and the "Adventurer" (whig) are 
both weekly issues. 

Spakta, p. v., Sussex co., N". Jer. : on the Wallkill r., near 
its source. 50 m. N. by E. Trenton. It contains several mills 
and f)rges. Iron and ziuc ores are found in the neigh- 
borhood. 

Sparta, t. and p. v., Livingston co., 2T. Y. : 20S m. W. 
Albany. Drained by a small stream flowing N. into Hem- 
lock hike. Surface uneven ; soil fertile. The v. is in the 
N. part. The t. contains some light manufactures. Pop. 
of 1. 1,372. 

Sparta, p. o., Edgecomb co., K. Car. : on W. side of Tar 
r., 05 m. E. Raleigh. 

Spakta, Ji. v.. Morrow county, Ohio : 35 m. N. Iiy E. 
Columbus. 

Sparta, p. v., Washimrton co.. Penii. .- on a tributary of 
the Monongahela r., 179 m. W. Harrisburg. 

Sparta, p. v., and cap. White co., Tfiin. : on Calf Killer 
cr., 75 ni. E. S. K. Nashville ; and contains the court-house, 
jail, other county buildings, a bank, etc. The "S. Times" 
is a weekly (whig) is-^ue. 

Sparta, p. o., Caroline county, Firff. : 35 m. N. by E. 
Kichniond. 

Sparta Ckntre, p. o., Kent co., Midi. : Ctf^ m. W. N. W. 
Lansing. 

Spartanburo district.iS'. Car. Situate N. toward tho W., 
.and cont.-iins 1,03C sq. ni. Drained by Forest cr., Ennorec, 
Tiger, and Pacolct rivers. Surface hilly ; soil fertile ; along 
the streams are some tracts of land proving vt-ry productive. 
Staples arc cotton and Indian corn. Farms 1,5,')5; nianuf. 
ai; dwell. 3,1S5, and pop.— wh. 13,312, fr. col. 49, si. 8,089— 

Sll 



SPA 



SPR 



total 2G.400. Cdpitid: Spartanburg. PuhlicWorks: Union 
and Spartanburg K. R. 

Spartanbi:e<*, p. v., Randolph co., Ind. : 72 m. E. by N. 
Indianapolis. 

Spabtanbtjrg, p. v., and cap. Spartanburg disL, 5. Cnj'.: 
at the terminus of tlie Union and Sparlanburg R. R., So in. 
N. W. Columbia. It contains a court-house, jail, and other 
public buildings. The WofFord College, a new institution, 
is located here. The "Spartan" is a weekly (dein.) issue. 

Spartansbukg, p. o., Crawford co., Penn. : lul m. N. W. 
Harrisburg. 

Sp-\rtapou9, p. 0., Rockinghatn co., Vir{;. : 101 m. N. W. 
Richmond. 

Speaks' Store, p. o., Union parish, La.: 1C9 m. N. "W. 
Baton Rouge. 

Spbaes' Turnout, sta., Jefferson co., Ga. : on the Central 
(Georgia) R. R., 112 m. N. W. Savannah, and 49 m. E. by S. 
Milledgeviile. 

Speckled mountain, Oxford co., Me: lies on the N. H. 
line, partly in the t. of Riley. Elevation 4.000 feet. 

Speedsville, p. v., Tompkins co., y. Y. : on a tributary 
of the Susquehanna r., 134 m. S. W. by W. Albany. It 
contains several manufactories and a brick-yard. 

Speedwell, p. v., Barnwell dist., S. Car. : on the E. side 
of Steel cr., N. of Savannah r., 67 ra. S. liy W. Columbia. 

Speedwell, p. o., Claiborne co., Tenn.: 159 ra. E. by N. 
Nashville. Deposits of iron ore are found in the vicinity. 

Speedwell, p. o., Wythe cA., Virg.: on Cripple cr., and 
on the S. "W. boundary of the county, 211 m. W. S- "W. 
Richmond. 

Speer's Landing, p. o., Shelby co., OJiio : 65 m.W. N.W. 
Columbus. 

SPEEBS^^LLE, p. o., FuItoQ couuty, re7i7i. : 30 miles S. W. 
Harrisburg. 

Speigut's Bridge, p. v., Greene co., iV". Cat:: on Mock- 
osin cr., 51 m. E. by S. Raleigh. 

Speir's Turnout, p. v., Jeffer.''on county, Ga. : on the N. 
side of "Williamson's Swamp cr, and on the Central Georgia 
R. R., 11-2 m. N. W. Savannah, and 49 m. E. by S. from 
Milledgeviile. 

Spencer county, Ind. Situate S. toward the W., and 
contains 40S sq. m. Drained by Anderson's, Little Pigeon, 
Big Sandy, and Little. Sandy creeks. Surface generally 
hilly, with exceptions of some level or undulating lands; 
Boil a black loam, and resting on a yellow clay mixed more 
or less with sand. The bottoms are extensive and thickly 
timbered. Coal is abundant. Farms 9S3; manuf. 2S; 
dwell. 1,4S5, and pop.— wh. 8,615, fr, coi. 1— U)tal 8,616. 
Capital: Roekport. 

Spencer county, Ky. Situate N, toward tho W., and 
contains 125 sq. m. Drained by E. fork of Salt r. and its 
branches. Surface level ; soil fertile, an<l in parts very pro- 
ductive. Chief articles for the markets, wheat, Indian corn, 
and tobacco. FarmsSTS ; manuf. IS ; dwell. 810, and pop.— 
■wh. 4,659, fr. col. 82, si. 2,151— total 6,842. CapiUil: Tay- 
lorsville. 

Spencer, p. t., and cap. Owen co., Ind. : on the right 
bank of W. fork White r. It contains a court-house, jail, 
and other public buildings, warehouses, mechanic shops, an 
oil mill, ropewalk, copper and tin factory, and about 800 in- 
habitants. The country around is very fertile, and its situa- 
tion is favorable to a rapid increase in size and importance. 
Spencer, t., p. v., and sta., Worcester co.. Muss. : 4S m. 
W. by S. Boston. Surface uneven, rough, and elevated 950 
feet above tide-water in Boston harbor; soil fertile; watered 
by branches of Chicopee r. The Western R. R. passes 
through its S. W. part, 62 m. from Boston, 13S m. from Al- 
bany. The town contains several grist and saw mills, and 8 
churches, of which 2 are in the v., near its centre. Pop. of 
L in ls40, 1.604; in 1S50, 2,243. 
Spencer, p. o., Davidson co., N. Car. : 90 m. W. Rak-igh- 
Bpe-vcer, t and p. v., Tioga co., .V. K ; 14G m. W. S. W. 
Albany. Surface hUly ; soil gravelly loam. Drained by 
612 



Caltotong creek and its branches. Tho v. contains several 
mills, a tanni-ry, 2 churches, ftc. Pop. of I. 1,7S2. 

Spencer, t. and p. o., Medina co., 0/iio: S7 m. N. N. E. 
Columbus. Drained by the E. branch of Black r. Surface 
moilerately uneven, with fertile soil. Centrt-ville v. is on 
the S. si<Ie of the r. Pop. of 1. 1.386. 

Spencer, p. v., and cap. Van Buren co., Term. : on N, 
side of Laurel cr., 78 m. S. E. Nashville. It contains the 
court-house, jail, etc. 

Si'encerport, p. V. and sta., Monroe co., y. }' .* on the 
Rochester, Lockport, and Niagara Falls R. 11., 10 m. W, 
from Rochester, and on the Erie Canal; 218 m. W. by N". 
Albany. Pop. about 400. 

SrESCEF.SBirRG. p. v.. Pike co., M). : on the E. of a branch 
of Spencer cr., 63 m. N. N. E. Jefferson City. 

Spencertown, p. v.. Columbia co., 2i. Y. : 27 m. S. S. E. 
Albany. Pop. about 250. 

Spf-ncerville, p. v., De Kalb county, Ind.: on the right 
bank of the St. Joseph's river of the Maumee, 121 m. N. E. 
Indianapolis. 

Spencerville, p. o., Marengo county, Ala.: 100 ra. W, 

Montgomery. 

Speonk, p. 0., Suffolk CO.. y. Y. : 140 m. S. S. E. Albany. 

Sperrtvtlle, p. v., Rappahannock county, Virg. : S7 m. 

N. N. W. Richmond. The Alleghany range is on the W. 

of the village. 

Spesdtie island. Harford co., 3fd. : an island of consid- 
erable extent in the Chesapeake bay, about ff m. S. of the 
confluence of Susquehanna r., and about a mile distant from, 
the E. coast of the county. 

Spiceland, p. v.. Henry co., Jnd, : on a creek of Blue r. 
37 m. E. by N. Indianapolis. 

Spinneiistown, p. v., Bucks county, Penn.: 88 m. E. 
Harrisburg. 

Splung, p. v., Monroe county, Miss. : on a branch of 
Buttahatchee cr., 163 m. N. E. Jackson. 

Spottedvilm:, p. o., SlafTord co., Virg. : 61 m. N. by W. 
RichTn'")nd. 

SrOTTSwooD, p. V. and sta., Middlesex county, y. Jev. : 
on Camden and Amboy B. R., 52 m. from Philadelphia, 
3S ra. from New York, 23 m. N. E. Trentoa. It contains 
2 churches, etc. 

SpoTrevLVANiA county, Virg, Situate toward the N. E., 
and contains 4()3 sq. m. Drained by head branches of 
North Anna and Mattapony rivers. Surface generally ub- 
even ; soil fertile, well adapted to grazing. Chief products, 
wheat, Indian corn, tobacco, etc. The city of Fredericks- 
burg is in this co. Farms 429; manuf. 15; dwell. 1.41 C. and 
pop!— wh. 6,903, fr. col. 527, si. 7.4S1— tobd 14,911. Capital: 
Spottsylvania C. H. Public Works : Richmond, Frederick, 
and Potomac R. R. 

Spottsylvania. C. H., p. v., and c.ip. Spottsylvanis 
county, Virg. : on the Po river, tributary of Mattapony 
river, 44 m. N. by W. Richmond. It contains the court- 
house, etc. 

Sprout Spring, p. 0., Appomattox county, Virg.: 72 m. 
W. by S* Richmond. 

Sprague'6 Falls, p. o., Washington county. Me. : 181 m. 
E. N. E. Augusta. 

Spraguevtlle. p. v., Jackson co., la. : on the E. bank of 
Makoqueta r., 60 m. E. N. E. Iowa City. 

Sprakek's Basin, p. v. and sta., Montgomery co.. X. Y.: 
on the Erie Canal, Mohawk r., and Utica and Schenectady 
R. R., 43 m. from Utica, 35 m.from Schenectady, and 53 m. 
by R. R. from Albany. 

Spread Eagle, p. v., Delaware co., Penn, : 81 m. E. by S. 
Harrisburg. 

Spread Oak, p. o., Jefferson county, Ga. : 54 m. E. 
Milledgeviile. 

Spring, I. and p. v., Crawf<ird co., Penn.: 205 m. N. W. 
Ilarrislmrg. Drained by the cr. so called. Surface undu- 
lating and well wooded; soil of average fertility. It has 
good water-power, and manufactures flour, leather, lumber 



SPR 



SPR 



etc. The V. is on the Beaver and Erie Canal, 100 m. N. 
Beaver, near the Ohin line. Fop. of t. al)Miit 2,0t)0. 

PnuNG, p. o., Ilcnry county, Ga. : CI ui. "U'. by N. 
Milk-.lgi-viilL'. 

f^pKiNo Akhor, t. and p. v., Jackson county, Mic7u : "5 m. 
S. Lansint;. Drained hy Ihe Kalamazoo, and brunch of 
Grand r. The v. is located on the site of an ancient Indian 
village, nnd in the nuJel of burr oak plaiua. Pop. of t. in 
1S40, 77o; in 1S50, l,07ri. 

SntiNG Bay, p. v., "Woodford co., ///. ; on the E. bank 
of re<iria lake of Illinois r., 09 m. N. by K. Springfield. 
It is located in a swampy and not very fertile district. 

SpitiNOcop.ouGH, p. v., Warren co., Ohio: on the N. side 
of Sjiring creek of Miami r., 4 m. E. of the Miami Canal, 
anfl 70 in. S. W. Columbus. It contains several clnirchea— 
among which are two Friends* — with manufactories, stores, 
etc. The v. derives its name from a spring situate here* 
■\vliieh iTioves several mills. 

t^l'JaNGnol;oL■o^, p. o., White co., Ind. ; S5 m. N. N. W. 
Indianapolis. 

Si'KTNG Brook, p. o., Erie county, iV! Y.: 263 m. "W. 
Albany. 

Si'RiNG Beook, p. v., Jacktfon county, I<t.: 65 m. N. E. 
Iowa City. 

Spking Cottage, p. o., Marion county, Afi^s. : on E. side 
of Pearl r., 9 1 ra. S. by E. Jackson. 

Si'iuNG Crees. p. v., M'Donough co., I/l. : on a stream 
so called, 77 m. "W. N. W. Sprin^fleM. 

Spring Creek, t. and p. o., AVarren co., Penn.: 175 m. 
N. W. Harrisbnrg. Drained by Broken Straw cr. Surface 
much broken and rocky; soil very inferior. There are 
deposits of iron in the vicinity. 

Spring Creek, p. o., Brunswick county, JV; Cur. : 112 m. 
S. by E. Balmgh. 

Sprc^g Creek, p. o., Cass county, Jfid.: 69 m. N. 
Indianapolis. 

SpRrNd Creek, p. v., Madison co., Term.: near a fork of 
Deer r., 109 m. W. S. "W. Nashville. 

Spring Creek, p. o., Randolph co., Arlc. : 121 m. N. N. E. 
Little liock. 

Spring Creek, p. v., Greenbrier county, Vir(j.: in a 
mountainous region, on Tlmuder Gap. or, liJ9 in. W. by N. 
Eichmond. 

Spring Creek, p. o., Berrien co., Mich. : 112 m.W. S.^W. 
Lansing. 

Spring Dale, p. v., Hamilton co., Ohio: near the Cin- 
cinnati, Hamilton, and Dayton R. P., 91 m. S.W. Columbus. 

Spring Dale, p. v.. La Fayette county, J/m. ; 134 m. 
N. by E. Jackson. 

Spring Dale, p. o., Scott co., Kr/. : 15 m. N. E. Frankfort. 

Sprhs-o Dale, p. o., Dane co.. Wise. 

Springfield, p. o., Greene co., Ala. : 3 m. W. from Black 
"Warrior r., 100 m. "W. N. "W. Montgomery. 

Springfield, p. v., and cap. Effingham co., Ga.: on a 
brancli of Ebenczer cr., 13 m. "W. of the Savannah r.. aud 
12fi m. E. S. E. Mjlledgeville. It contains a court-house, 
jail, etc. 

Springfield, p. v., and cap. Sangamon co„ IH., and cap- 
ital of the State of Illinois : 4 m. S. from Sangamon r., 174 in. 
S. W. by S. Chicago, 84 m. N. N. E. St. Louis, 1S6 m. "W. 
ludianap-lis. Lat. 390 4S' N., long. S90 33' W. Its site is a 
level plain, on tlie borders of a broad and beautiful prairie, 
■which is adorned with fine groves and some of the best 
farms in the Slate. It was laid out in Feb., 1S22, according 
to a regular plan, with a public square in the centre, and 
■wide streets crossing at right angles. The older portion 
of the v. was purchased at the land sales in Nov., 1S23, at 
•which time it contained about 30 families, living in small 
log cabins. For several years its increase in population, 
etc, was Blow. In 1S37 the legislature selected it as the 
State capital after July 4th, 1S39, since wliich period it ha:* 
been steadily increasing in business, wealth, and importance. 
The surrounding counties are very fertile, and their pro- 



duels are bronght here to market. The railrnads now pass- 
ing Ihrougli Sprinyfii^'Id are— Great Western Central E. E., 
e.\leniliiig centrally across the Slate, from the K. to Ihe W. 
boundary, of which the portion completed, viz., from Spring- 
field to Naples, 55 m., was formerly styled the Sangamon 
and Morgan E. K. ; and Chicago and Mississippi E. E., of 
whicli 132 m. (from Alton to Bloomington) will be com- 
pleted in July. 1S53, and tlie entire road will be ompleted 
to Chic^igo, 257 m., in the sjiring of 1S54. The Massac and 
Sangamon E. E., from Springfield to Metropolis, on the 
Ohio r., passing through Vandalia, Salem, l-raiikfort, etc., 
is in construction. The capital occupies the centre of the 
principal square, which lias an area of 3 acres, It is con- 
striicled of hewn stone, 3 stories higli, with handsome por- 
ticoes, and cost about $li50,000. The v. also contains a court- 
house, IT. S. land oflice, market-house, jail, 3 banks, several 
acadi-mies and other schools, with S churches, some of 
which are handsome edifices. The v. has some manufac- 
tures, an iron foundry, etc. The newspapers published in 
1S50 were — "Illinois JouniaP (whig), issued daily, tri- 
weekly, and weekly; *■ Illiuois Stale Eegister" (dem.), daily 
and weekly; and "■ Ilhnojs Organ" (temp.), weekly. Pop. 
in 1S4(', 2.579; in 1S50, 4.533, 

Si'niNOFiELD, p. v., Franklin co., Ind.: near the sourco 
of Eed Cedar Grove or., 09 m. E. by 9. Indianapolis. 

SrniNGFiELP, p. v., Keokuk county, la.: on a branch of 
Skunk r.. 47 m. S. W. Iowa City. 

Springfield, p. o., lUchmund co., 2^. Cur. : 71 m. S. W, 
Eab-igh. 

Springfteld, p. v., and cap. 'Washington co., Ay. ; S9 m. 
S. by W. Frankforl. It contains a court-house, jail, etc. In 
the vicinity are several Catholic institutions— Dominican 
Convent uf St. Eose, established ISOG, with priests and 23 
religious; St. Catharine's Female Conyent, founded 1523, 
having 2(5 members; and a female academy with more than 
100 pupils. 

Springfield, p. v., and cap. Livingston par., La.: on 
Notatbaney cr., a branch of Tickfaw r., 39 m. E. Baton 
Konge. It contains a court-house, jail, etc. 

Springfield, t, and p. o., Penobscot co., Jifc: 116 m. 
N. E. by N. Augusta. Drained by branches of Mattawam- 
keag r., which afford water-power. Pop. 533. 

Springfield, t, p. city, and cap. Hami)den co., Mass. : on 
E. side of Coum-'cticut r., SI m. W. by S. Boston ; by rad- 
road 9S m. from Boston, 102 m. from Albany, 13S m. from 
New York. Lat. (Courl-houa«) 42^ 06' 04" N.. long. 73^ 35' 
4.^' W. lis site along the river is a rich alluvial plain, back 
of which the ground rises gradually to a considerable ele- 
valiiin. called Armory Hill, terminating in a plain which 
extends 11. for several miles. Its general appearance is 
very beautiful, and it is surrounded by delightful scenery. 
The Imuses are generally well buill, and many are elegant. 
The streets are generally pavotl, and the city is lighted with 
gas. Tlie business part of tlie city ia chiefiy on and adjoin- 
ing Main Street, which runs parallel with the river at some 
distance from it, is between 2 and 3 m. long, quite broad, 
and generally inleraecled at right angles by cross streeta, 
and contains many hand.nome buildings, with the principal 
lioUls and railroad station-house. From the position of 
S]>ringfloId, and its great railroad connections, it has be- 
come one of Ihe greatest inland thoroughfares of travel in 
the Union. Four railroads here connect at the central de- 
p6t from the four cardinal points, viz. : Western E. E.,from 
Wfirrester 54 m. and from Albany 102 m. ; New Haven, 
Harlford. and Si)ringfield E. E., 26 m. from Ilartford and 
62 m. from New Uavcn ; Connecticut EiverE. R,, 17 m. from 
Northampton and 50 m. from South Vernon. The great 
number of trains arriving and departing daily render the 
viciiiily of this depfit strikingly interesting to the passing 
traveler. The hotels of the city established to accommodate 
the traveling public are numerous, of which several are of 
great repute. The city contains a court-house, jail, aud 12 
churches, eome of which are handsome edifices. These hxq 

813 



SPR 



SPR 



—i ConfiTegational, 1 Baptist, 1 Episcopal. 2 Metliodist, 1 
CnilarUm, 1 Calholic, 1 Univcrsirtist, 1 Alri(*aii. The prin- 
cipal cemetery is beautifully laid out and adorned. There 
are 5 Iianks, with an agj;rea:ate capilal of |1,150,000. and 2 
Institutions for savings. Tlie nianufaclures of the city are 
of cnnsiderahle importance. There is a large manufactory 
of cars, loci mioli ves. railroad mafhinery, steam-engines, etc. ; 
also several factories of shL'elings. satinets, etc. ; also 1 pis- 
tol factory. Tiie "Springfield Ueputilican'' (whig), and 
"Hampden Posf (dem.), puljli.sh each daily and weekly 
eiiitions. 

The IT. 9. Armory located here is situated on Armory 
Hill, about one-half mile K. of Main Street. The buildings 
are of brick, haiidsumely arranged around a square, pre- 
senting a fine appearance. From 12,000 In 1.5,000 muskets 
are manufactured annually. The arsenal, a very large brick 
building 4 5tc»ries high, contains about 175.000 muskets. 
Some of the machine shops are located on Mill r.. in the 
S. E. part of the t., and comprise 5 shops, with IS water- 
wheels. 10 lri|> hammers, and 30 forges. The whole estab- 
lishment employs from 250 to 300 workmen, and has con- 
tributed very much to the prosperity of the city. 

Springfield was settled in 1635, then called by its Indian 
name Agawam ; it received its present name in lf>iO. and 
■was incorporated in 164G, and received its city charter May 
25th, 1S52. In 17S6. during Shay's rebellion, it was in part 
the theatre of his movements. Since the construction of 
the railroads which now so closely connect it with other im- 
portant cities, it has rapidly increased in population, wealth, 
and importance. Pop. in ISIO, 2,7G7 ; in 1S20, 3.914; in 
ISSO, 6,TS4; in 1S40, 10.9S5. When the census of 1S40 was 
taken, it was a much larger township than at present, then 
comprising also Chicopee Falls, Cabotville, "Williraansett, 
etc., now embraced in Chicopee township, the population 
of which with that of Springfield in 1?50, amounted to 
21,G02. The separate population of Springfield t, in 1850, 
and as at present constituted, was 11,766. 

Spkingfield. t. and p. o., Oakland co., 3fic7i. : 51 m. E. 
Lansing, Drained by a part of the head waters of Shia- 
wassee r. Surface level, and well wooded. Pop. 956. 

Si'KiNGFCELn, p. v., and cap. Greene co., Mo. : on Wil- 
son's cr. of James r., 109 ra. S. W, Jefferson City. It eon- 
tains a court-house, jail, U. S. land office, etc. The country 
round about is hilly, with good timber lands. There are 
two weekly issues, the " Springfield Advertiser*' and the 
" South W'estern Flag" (both democratic). Pop. 415, 

Springfield, t. and p. c, Sullivan co., K. Ramp.: 31 m. 
N. W. by N. Concord. It occupies the height of land be- 
tween Connecticut and Merrimac rivers, and is drained by 
streams flowing into each. It has a rough surface, and con- 
tains several considerable ponds. Organized with its pres- 
ent name in 1794. Pop. 1,270. 

Speingfielt), t. and p. v., Essex county, K. Jer. : 42 m. 
N. E. by N. Trenton. Bounded E. by Kahway r. and W. 
by Passaic r. The v. on Eahway r. is noted for its paper 
factories. Through its N. part, called Millville, the Morris 
and Essex K. E. p.isses, 10 m. from Newark, 19 m. from 
New York. Summit is another sta. in the t., 3 m. W. Mill- 
vUle. Pop. of t. in 1S40, 1.C51 : in 1S50, 1,945. 

Sprfngfielu, t and p. o., Otsego county, 2^. Y.: 59 m. 
W. by N. Albany. Surface elevated and hilly. The N. end 
of Otsego lake extends to its centre. It contains numerous 
gaw-niills, 3 tanneries, a furnace, woolen factory, and sev- 
eral fulling and grist mills. Pop. 2,322. 

Springfield, p. v., and cap. Limestone county, Tex. : on 
N. E. bank of Navasota r., 119 m. N. E. by N. Austin City. 

Speingfield, t., p. city, and cap. Clark co,, Ofiio : on S. 
side of E. fork of Mad r., 43 m. W. by S. Columbus. It has 
great water-power, well improved by a variety of milts and 
manufacturing establishments. It contains a handsome 
court-bouse, and other county buildings, 2 banks (one is a 
branch of the State Bank), several academies, and 7 chureh- 
ee. Newspapers in 1850: "Kepublic" (whig), tri-weekly 
814 



and weekly; and 3 other weeklies, "Gospel Herald," "Dis- 
trict Expositor" (dem.), and "Mad River Gazette'' (whig). 
Here are located the Wittenberg College, and Theological 
Seminary, botli founded in 1S45 In lS5ii the college had 7 
instructors, 37 students, and 4,500 volumes in library ; while 
the Theological School had 2 professors and 8 students. 
Se\eral importJint lines of railroad jiass through the city, 
viz.. Mad Uiver and Lake Erie R. R., UU m. from Sandus- 
ky, and 24 ni. from Dayton, Si ra. from Cincinnati: Little 
Miami It. R., from Cincinnati, 84 m. ; Springtield. Mount 
Vernon, and Pittsburg R. R., in construction to Loudonville, 
on tbe Ohio and Pennsylvania R. E., 115 ni. ; and the 
Springfield and Columbus K. R., 19} m, to connection at 
London with Columbus and Xenia R. R., 43 m. to Colum- 
bus — all of which have connections with other principal 
railroads. Pop. of city in 1S40 (then a village), 2,062; in 
1S50, 5,108. Pop. of t in 1840, 2,349; in 1850 (itjcluding 
city), T,314. 

SpRrNGFiELD, t. and p.o., Bradford co., Pen/n. : 107 m. N. 
Ilarrisburg. Drained by Bently, and branch of Sugar cr. 
Surface muuutaiuous; soil highly productive. The WDI- 
iamsport and Elmira R. R. passes near the town. 

Springfield, p. v., and cap. Robertson co., Teiw.: on 
Sulphur fork of Red r., 24 m. N. by W. Nashville. It ood- 
lains the court-house and other public buildings. 

Springfield, p. v., Hampshire co., Vlrg.: on the right 
bank of the Soutli branch Potomac river, 145 m. N. N. W. 
Richmcmd. 

Springfield, sta., Fairfax co., Virg. : on the Orange and 
Alexandria E. R., 7 m. W. Alexandria, and 85 m. N. 
Richmond. 

Springfield, t. and p. v., Windsor co., Verm.: on W. 
side of Connecticut r., 70 m. S. by E. Montpelier, Black r, 
flows through it from the N. W., and has an important fidl, 
4 m. from its mouth, near the principal v., afl"ording great 
water-power, and improved by numerous fulling, grist, and 
saw mills, also woolen and cotton factories. Pop. of t. 2.762. 

Springfield, v., Sutter co., Calif. : on the left bank of 
Sacramento r., at the mouth of Feather r., opposite Fre- 
mont, and 66 m. N. E. Yallejo. 

Springfield Centre, p. o., Otsego county, iP". K ; 60 m. 
W. by N. Albany. 

Springfield Cross Roads, p. o,, Erie co., Pevn. : 213 m, 
N. W. Harrisburg. The Cleveland and Erie R. R. passes 
through Springfield t. and sta , 75 m. from Cleveland, 20 m. 
from Erie. 

Springfield FuBNACE, p. o., Blair county, Perm.: 80 m. 
W. by N. Ilarrisburg. It contains a furnace with an annual 
capacity of 1,S20 tons. 

Spp.ingfield Mills, p. o., Noble county, Ind. : on the N. 
side of Elkhart r., 121 m. N. N. E. Indianapolis. 

Spring Foeqe, p. o,, York county, Penn. : 25 ra. S« 
Harrisburg. It contains a forge which, in 1850, produced 
223 tons bars. 

Spring Fork, p. o., Pettis co.. Mo. : on a stream so called, 
60 m. W. Jefferson City. 

Spring Garden, p. o., Cherokee county, Ala. : 133 m. 
N. N. E. Montgomery. 

Spring Garden, p. o., Jefferson co.. III. : 115 m. S. S. E. 
Springfield, 

Spring Garden, p. district, Philadelphia co., Penn. : an 
integral part of the city of Phil.idelphia, though incorporated 
under separate charter, and governed by a board of com- 
missioners. See Philadelphia, for statistics of its popula- 
tion, manufactures, water-works, etc. 

Spi'.ing Garden, p. v., Pittsylvania co., Yirg. : on N. side 
of Birch cr., 116 m. S,W. by W. Richmond. 

Spuin'g Grove, p. o., Warren county, XU. : 105 m, N. W, 
Springfield. 

Spring Grove, station, namilton county, Oliio: on the 
Cincinnati, Hamilton, and Dayton E. R.,7 m. N. Cincmnati, 
and 101 ra. W. S. W. Columbus. 

SpBiifG Geove, t. and p. v., Greene co., Wi^c. : 87 m. S 



SPR 



SPR 



Madison. Drained by a brnneh of linek r. SuiTart' U/vel ; 
soil rich, Willi some prairie and goud pa.'itur:ij;:e. Tlie v. is 
in S. part. Pop. (.f t. 703. 

PpiiiNi; Grote, p. 0., llowau co., .A' O'r. : 97 ni. ^Y. 
Kuleigh. 

Si'KiNif Grovk, p. o., Linn l-<>., Iii, : 27 ni. N. I'lwa Ciiy. 

Spring Gitovn, p. v., Laiin^na district, .V. < \ir. : N. of 
Saludu r.. 55 m. W. by N. Colunitiia. 

Sphin(; TTill, p. <>., Marengo oounly, Alfi.: 91 ni. W. 
M">iitgnni<-ry. 

SiMUNO IIHvI,, v., Mobili! CO., Ala. : situated a little S, W. 
of tUe city of Mobile, is a favorite snmmer resort ot its cit- 
izens. Here is locsited Sprina; Ilill College (CathoHe), 
fuuiidi'<l in ISoO, which in lS5it had VI professors and 70 
stu<leriis, with 4,000 volumes in its library. There is also an 
ecolesiaslical seminary. 

SiMiixa Hill, p. v., Uempslead co., Arl'.: on a fork of 
Eois d'Arc. IftS ni. B. W. Little Kock. 

Spp.ing Hill, p. v., Deeatnr county, //(''..■ ou a braneh of 
Clifty cr., 45 m. 8. E. Indianapolis, 

SpRiNd lIiLT., p. v., Whiti.-sides co., ///. ; on the S. bound- 
ary line of the c'o., 125 m. N. Springfield. 

Spring Hill, p. o., Livingston co,, Mo. : 109 m. N. W. 
Jefferson City. 

Spf-ing Hill, p. o., Tippah co.j Miss.: ISl m. N. N. E. 
Jackson. 

Spring Hill, p. v., Maury county, Term. ; 27 miles S. 
Nashville. The New Orleans and Nashville E. li. will pass 
through it. 

Spring Hill, p. c, Navarro co., T&c. : 152 m. N. E. by N. 
Austin City. 

Spring Hill Furnace, p. o,, Fayette co., Penn. : I6S m. 
W. S. "W. Uarrisburg. A steam and water-power furnace in 
the vicinity has au annual capacity of 1,100 tons. 

Spring Hills, p. o., Champaigne county, Ohio: 42 miles 
"W. by N. Columbus. 

Spring House, p. o,, Montgomery co., Penn.: on a trib- 
utary of the Schuylkill r.,StJ ra. E. Harrisburg. 

Spring House, p. o., Grainger county, Teiin.: 179 m. E. 
Nashville. 

Spring Lake, p. o., 'Williams co., Ohio: 1-33 m. N. "W. 
Columbus. 

Spring Lake, t., Ottawa co., Mich.: on Lake Michigan, 
86 m. W. by N. Lansing. It contains 5 steam saw mills, 
producing to the value of $120,900 annually. Pop. 545. 

Spring Mill, sta.. Richland co., Ohio: on the Sandusky, 
MansfieM, and Newark It. K., 51 m. from Sandusky, G5 m. 
from Newark. 

Spring Mills, p. c, Lawrence co., Ind. : 71 ra. S. by "W. 
Indianapolis. 

Spring Mills, p. o., Allegany co., A''. 3'. : 224 m. "W. by S. 
Albany. 

Sprlng Mills, p. v., Centre county, Pe?m. : on a fork of 
Penn's cr., near Brush mt., 54 m. N. W. Harrisburg. 

Spring Mills, sta., Montgomery co.,Peiui.: on the left 
bank of the Sciiuylkill river, and on the Philadelphia, Ger- 
mantown, and Norristown K. li., 12 m. N. W. Philadelphia, 
and S2 E. by S. Harrisburg. 

SpRiNts Place, p. v., and cap. Murray co., Oa. : about 
3 m. E. of Conncsauga cr., antl 162 ra. N. ^. Mitledgeville. 
It was at one lime a missionary station among the Cher- 
okees, and now contains the county court-house, jail, and 
other public offices, etc. 

Spring Place, p. v., Marshall county, Tenn. : 141 miles S. 
Nashville. 

Springpop.t, t. and p. o., Jackson county, Jf/ch. : ^'> m. S. 
Lansing. Drained by a branch of Grand r. Surface undu- 
lalintr ; soil, rich sandy loam, with good timber lands. Pop. 
iQl>40, 294; in l.S50,759. 

Springpoht, p. v., Panola county, Miss.: 137 miles N. 
Jackson. 

Spring Praip.ie, L and p. o.. Walworth co., Wise. : 59 m. 
8. E. Madison. Drained by Honey creek aud branches. 



The V. is on the Milwaukio and Elkhurn plank road. Pop. 
of 1. 1,344. 

Sprim; UinuE, p. o,. Hinds ro., ,1/V,s,s. ; \\\ Jackson. 

Si-RiNd liivi-i:. ]}. v.. Lawrence co., M".: on a branch of 
tlu* streaui so called, 134 in. S. \V. deffV-rson Cily. 

SpuiNd K<>( K. p. v., Clinton coiMity. /'/. ; on Polain creek, 
and on the lav of the [)ropnsed ru ite of the I)arianclie and 
Iowa Cily U. U.. 35 m. K. by N. biwa City. 

Spuing Uock, p. v., Y'-rk disl., ^'. Cur.: mi E. side of 
Fishing cr., 55 m. N. Cobiniltia. The Charlollc and South 
Carolina K. li. passes near the village. 

Spring Uun, p. o., Franklin county, Ptii't.: 53 m. S. W. 
Harrisburg. 

Springs, p. o., Suffolk co., X. Y. : 145 m. S. E. Albany. 

Springtown, p. v., Hendricks co.. /ml. : on Mill cr., 25 m. 
W. by S. Indianapolis. The Terre Haute and liichmoiid 
K. It. passes S. of this place. 

Springtown, v. and sta., Warren co., y. J'-i\ : ou the 
New Jersey Central R. K., 6S m. W. from New York cily, 
and 115 m. N. W. Trenton. 

Springtown, p. v., Bucks county, Penn. : S4 m. E. N. E, 
Harrisburg. 

Springtown, p. o., Polk co., Tenn. : near Focco r., 41 m. 
S. E. Nashville. 

Springtown, p. o.. Oxford co.. Me. : 49 m. W. Augusta. 

Springvale, p. v., York co., Me. : on a fork of Mousam 
r., 82 m. S. W. Augusta. 

Springvale, p. o., Jefferson county, Tenn.: 1S7 m. E. 
Na.shville. 

Springvale, p. o., Sampson co., X. Car. : 49 m. S. S. B. 
Raleigh. 

Springvale, p. 0., Fairfax CO., Virg.: 90 m. N. Kichmond. 

Springvale, t ami p. o., Fond du Lac, Wise. : 61 m. 
N. N.E. Madison. Drained by several small streams. Soil 
exceileni, and timber abundant. Pop. 5SS. 

Spring Valley, p. v. and sta., Greene co.. Ohio : on the 
E. side of Little Miami r., and ou the Little Miami Branch 
of Cleveland, Columbus, and Cincinnati R. It., 5Sm. N. E, 
Cincinnati, and 63 in. S. W. Columbus. 

Spring Valley, p. o. nnd sta., liockland co., 2i\ Y. : on 
the New Y'ork and Erie U. R., Hi m. W. Piermout, and 
lOS m. S. by W. from Albany. 

Spring Valley, p. c, Bergen co., N. Jer. : C2 m. N. E. 
Trenton. 

Spring Valley, p. v., Marion co., ImJ. : on the W. side 
of the West fork of White r., 9 m. S. Indianapolis. 

Spring Valley, t. ,tud p. o., Rock co,, K'/Vvc. ; 31 in. S. 
Madison. Drained by a branch of Sugar refurnishing good 
water-power. It is a good agricultural town, embracing 
some of the best prairie land in the State. Pop. 766. 

Springville, p. v., St. Clair county, Ahi. : 99 m, N. 
Montgomery. 

Springville, p. v , Coles co., PI. : 5 m. E. Chicago Branch 
of Illinois Central R. R., and 75 m. E. S. E. Springfield. 

Springville, p. v., Crawford co., Wise. : on a branch of 
Coosa r., 99 m. N. Montgomery. 

Springville, p. v., Lawrence co., Ind.: 61 m. S. S. W. 
Indianapolis. There is a small spring in this place, from 
which it derives its name. This pleasant village was first 
settled in 1->16, and it now contains about 250 inliabilants. 

Springville, p o., Linn co., la. : 21 m. N. Iowa City. 

Springville, p. v., Greenup co , A'//. .* on the Ohio r., at 
the mouth of Tygerl cr., an«i ojipo^ito to Portsmoutli, 111 m, 
aliove Newport. H4 ni. E. by N. Frankfort. It contains a 
f.iuii'iry, several manufaeiories, etc. Beds of iron ore of 
sujterior quality abound in the vicinity. 

Springville, p. v., Lenawee co., Mich.: 55 m. S. S. E. 
Lansing. 

Springville, p. v., Erie co., A* Y. : on Spring cr., 260 m. 
W. by S. Albany. Water-power is derived from a spring 
which rises in the neighborhood. There are in the v. an 
academy, several manufactories, a tannery, and famace. 
The "S. Herald'' (whig) is published weekly. 

815 



SPR 



STA 



Spkinovillb, t. anil p. v., Susqui.-hanna county, Penn. : 
108 ra. N. N. K. Harrisburg. Drainctl by a number of smiill 
6trc':mi3, Iribuluries of the Susquehanna r. Surfaw hilly; 
soil fertile. It contains an academy and several manufac- 
tories. The V. la centrally situate. 

Si'RtNQV]Li.E, p. v., Utah CO., Utah Ter.: 90 ra. N. N. E. 
Filhnore Oily. It contains a grist mill, a saw mill, and a 
school, in which the German and French languages are 
taught. More than 130 familes are located liere. 

Spkls'gwatek, t. and p. v., Livingstnij co., y. Y. : 200 m. 
■W. Albany, Drained by ihe inlet of Hemlock lake on the 
N., and the Iicad-waters of Conhocton r. in the E. Surface 
uneven, and in parts broken; soil adapted to grazing. It 
contains several manufactories and tanneries The v. is 
located on tiie Uuffalo, Corninj;, and New York E. R., 52 m. 
N. W. Corning. Pop. of t. 2,670. 

Si'KouT Br.ooE, p. o., Montgomery co., N". Y.: 40 m. 
N. W. Albany. 

Speout Creek, p. o , Duchess co., jV". F. : on a stream so 
called, 74 m. S- Albany. 

Spruce, p. v., Vernon co., Mb. : on the S. side of Deep 
Water cr., 105 m. W. by S. Jefferson City. 

Spruce Creek, p. o. and stx, Huntingdon cmmty, Penn. : 
on the Eastern Division of the Pennsylvania Railroad, 
111 m. W. Harrisburg. There is in the vicinity a furnace, 
■with an annual capacity of 1,400 tons, and a bloomery forge, 
the produfts of which, in 1S50, was 305 tuna. 

Spruce Grove, p. o., Monroe co., Penn. : 95 m. N. E. 
Harrisburg. 

Spritce Hill, p. o., Juniata county, Penn. : 85 m. N. E. 
^arrisburg. 

Spruce Hill, p. c, Highland co., Vtrg. : 131 m. N. "W. 
Eichmond. 

Spruok hill, Plymouth county, Jifmfi. : an elevation in the 
township of Bridgewater; height, 2.5SS feeL 

Spue Trace, sta., Cheshire county, K JTmnp. : on the 
Cheshire R. R., 43 m. N. W. Fitchburg (Mass.), and 40 S.W. 
Concord. 

Sputten TcrvrL, sta., "Westchester county, 27^. Y. : on a 
stream so called, and on the Hudson River R. R., 12 m. N. 
from New Tork City Hall, and 133 S. Albany. 

Sqitam lake, y. Ilamp. This large sheet of water lies on 
the borders of Holderness, Sandwich, Moultonboro', and 
Centre Harbor. It is 6 m. in length, and its greatest width 
is 6 m., and covers a surface of between C.OOO and 7,0l>n 
acres, contains numerous islands, and is well stocked with 
fish. It is 36 ra. N. from Concord, and but a shnrt distance 
from the celebrated '• Centre House,*' at Centre Harbor. 

Squam Village, p. v., Monmoath co., K, Jer. : on the S. 
eide of "Wreck Pond inlet, 33 m. E. by S. Trenton. 

SQUAiiKUM, p. v., Monmouth co., y. Jer. : on S. side of 
Manasquan r., 32 m. E. by S. Trenton. It is surrounded by 
a pine forest, and contains a Friends' church and several 
mills. 

Squantum FvOAn. sta., Norfolk county, 3fass. : on the Old 
Colony R. R., 6 m. S. Boston. 

Square Poxd, p. v.. Tolland co.. Conn. : on the "W. of a 
body of water so called, 21 m. N. E. Concord. The pond is 
situated (ui the S. line of Stafford township, with an outlet 
flowing N. into Willimantic river. 

StiU ATTRRviLLE, V.. Coiitra Costa CO., Calif. : 25 m. 8. by E. 
Vallejo. Sulphur springs in the vicinity. 

SQuAWBirrry, p. o., Bristol county, Mass. : 50 m. S. by "W. 
Boston. 

Staatsburq, p. V. and sta., Duchess co., N". T. : near the 
Hudson r., on the Hudson River R. R., S5 ra. N. New Tork 
city, and GD S. from Albany. 

Stafford county, Vtrg. Situate N. E.. and contains 20' 
flq. m. Drained by Aquia and Potomac creeks, small trib- 
utaries of Potomac r. Surface level ; soil fertile, and adapt- 
ed to grain, etc. Chief products, Indian corn and cotton, to- 
bacco, etc. Farms 360. manuf. 14, dwell. 922, and pop.— 
wh- 4,415, fr. col. 81S, si. 3,311— total 8,044. Capital : Fal- 
8U 



mouth. Public Works: Richmond, Frederick, and Poto- 
mac R. R. 

Stafford, t., p, v., and sta., Tolland co,. Conn. : 25 m. 
N. K. Harll'ird. Furnace r. and Willinianiie uniting in this 
t.,-and liuaring Branch, affonl good watcr-p-jwer. Surface 
rough, and in parts mountainous, with a very inferior soil. 
The U contains several minerals, but bog-iron ore is its 
principal, and is extensively manufactured. There are sev- 
eral nirnaecs, forges, tanneries, etc. The manufactures con- 
sist of pistols, carpenters' tools, tailors' shears, and other 
articles of cutlery, cotton and woolen, machinery, cabinet- 
ware, and wrought iron. In 1779 a blast furnace was erect- 
ed here, and cannon-shot, hollow-ware, etc., were cast 
There are also manufactories of woolen goods, employing 
87 hands, and manufacturing 209,000 yards satinet and sat- 
inet warjis annually ; capital $76,000. The v. is situated 
on an elevated plain, with a large square in the centre, and 
contains several churches. The sta. is on the New London, 
WilHmantic. and Palmer R. R., 50 ra. N. W. by N. New 
London. There are two celebrated springs in the S. part 
of the town. {See Stafffoed Springs.) Population of 
t. 2.941. 

Stafford, t and p. v., Genesee county, y. Y. : 22S m. 
W. by N. Albany. Drained by Allen and Black creeks. 
Surface even; sod fertile. The water-power is good, and 
there arc several manutVictories of woolen goods, leather, 
etc. The V. is on the line of the Canamiaigua and Niagara 
Falls R. R., and contains several churches. The Buffalo 
and Rochester R. R. passes through the N. part of the town. 
Pop. oft 1,973. 

Stafford, p. o., Monroe county, Ohio : 107 ra. E. by 3, 
Columbus. 

Stafford C. H., p. v., and cap. Stafford co., Virg. : on 
the S. W. side of Acquia cr. of Potomac r., 75 m. N. Rich- 
mond. It contains, besides the court-house, a jail and other 
county buildings. 

Stafford Springs, p. v., Tolland co., Conn. : 27 ra. T*. E. 
Hartford. There are two springs here of different qualities, 
the existence of which was first made known to the early 
inhabitants by the Indians, and recommended as eye-water, 
but gave as their reason for drinking it, that it " eidivcned 
their spirits." One of these springs, and which has been 
longest known, on a branch of the Willimantic r,, contains 
a solution of iron, sustained by carbonic acid gas ; a portion 
of marine salt ; some earthy substances, and an element 
called natron or native alkali. This spring has been pro- 
nounced by chemists to be one of t^e most efficacious of the 
chalybeate springs in the United States. The other spring, 
a little W. of the other, as analyzed by Professor Sdli- 
raan, contains hydrogen gas and sulphur in large propor- 
tions, and a small proportion of iron. There is a commo- 
dious hotel here, and it is ranch resorted to by invalids and 
others, the former deriving beneficial results from the use of 
these waters; The situation is one of many attractions. The 
New London, "Willimantic, and Palmer R. R. passing near, 
and connecting at the latter place with the Western R. R., 
gives easy access from Boston, New York, and other places 
through New England. There are 2 manufactories here for 
the manufacture of woolen goods, employing 67 operatives; 
cap. $0-1,000. 

Staffohdvtlle, p. c, Tolland co., Corm. : 26 m. N. E. 
Hartford. 

Stagville, p. v., Orange co., ITi Car. : on "W. side of Flat 
r., 85 m. N. "W. Raleigh. 

Stahi^tows, p. o., "Westmoreland co., Penn. : 131 m- "W. 
Harrisburg. 

Stairway Brook, v. and sta., Pike co., Penn,: on the S. 
of Delaware r., and on the New York and Erie R. R., SJ m, 
W. from Delaware village. 97 N. "W. New York city, and 
132 N. E. Harrisburg. It has a richly-wooded hill near it, 
-around the base of which the Delaware and Hudson Canai 
curves. 

Stamford, t, p. v., and sta., Fairfield co., Q>nn. : 67 m, 



• STA 

S. W. Uiirlforfl. Bounded on the S. by Long Islami Sound. 
Drained by Mill and Miannua rivera. Surface unduIaliuK; 
soil fertile.' Between Sliipping and Greenwich pninLs are 
^'lod harbors for vessels of S^^ feet draught of water. There 
are several A^easels otvnu'd here, and an active trade is car- 
ried on with the surrounding country and New York. It is 
well supplied with mill-siles by Mitl and Miannus rivers' 
and there are several manufactories, lumber yards, etc. The 
b. is localad near the mouth of Mill r., on Die New York 
and New Haven K. K., 3lj m. E. by N. New York, and 40 
W. from New Haven, and contains several churches, a 
bank, cap. $tji),000, several foundries, a wire factory, print- 
inff oflices. etc. The "Advocate" is a weekly (whig) issue. 
r»\^ of 1. 5.0(14. 

i^TiMFORi*, t. and p. v., Delaware co., 2f. T. : 50 m. S. W. 
Albany. Drained by the head waters of the Mohawk or 
West Branch of the Delaware r. Surface uneven ; soil of 
average fertility. It contains several manufactories of woolen 
goods, leather, etc. The v. contains several mechanic shops, 
stores, etc. and is a pleasant place. Pop, oft, 1,708. 

Stamf'ird, t, and p. v., Bennington co., Term.: on the 
Massa.-lin^etts line, lOS m. S, W. by S. Montpelier. Drained 
by the head waters of the Hoosick and Walloomsack rivers. 
Surface vtry uneven, lying on the W. border of the Green 
Mountahi range, and poorly adapted to culture. The v. is 
in S. part of t. Pop. of t. S.S3. 

Stamping GRorND. p. v,, Scott co., Ki/. ; on a branch of 
Elkhorn creek, 15 m. E. by N. Frankfort. 

Staxardsvili-e, p. v., and cap. Greene co., Virg. : near 
the Blue Ridge of the Alleghany mountains, TG miles N.W. 
Ilichmond. anil contains a court-house, jail, etc. The manu- 
factures are light, principally leather. 

Stasi»af.dville, p. c, Carroll co., Teiuu : S9 m. W. by S. 
Nashville. 

Stasdin'g Rock, p. v., Stewart CO., Tenn. : 8 m. E. of the 
Tennessee river, 71 ra, "W. N. W. Nashville. 

Sta.ndixg Stone, t. and p. o., Bradford co,, Penn.: on 
the left bank of the Susquehanna river, 103 m. N. by E. 
Harrislmrg. Drained by sevt-ral streams flowing into the 
Susquehanna r. Surface hilly; soil gravelly loam. It has 
good water-power, and there are several mills, etc The N. 
branch of the Susquehanna Canal passes through the town 
along the river. 

Staxi'Isu. t. and p. v., Cumberland co.. Me. : 69 m. S. "W. 
Augusta, Bounded on the N. by Sebago lake, and on the 
S. W. by Saco river. There are several small ponds in the 
town. It has some water-power, and is a superior farming 
region. The v. is located near Sebago lake. The Cumber- 
land and Oxford Canal crosses the N. E, part of the town, 
connecting Sebago lake with Portland, distance 20^ m. 
East Standish and South Standish are names of villages. 
Pop. of L 2.290. 

Stantof.d, p. v., Monroe county, Irul. : 52 m. 8. S. W. 
Indianapolis. 

Stanford, p. v,, and cap. Lincoln Co., Ky. : on a branch 
of Dick r., 44 m. N. by W. Frankfort. It contains a court- 
house, jail, seminary, etc. 

Stanford, t.. Duchess county, 2T. Y.: 52 m. S. Albany. 
Drained by Wappinger's cr. Surface hilly and mountain- 
ous; soil of average fertility. "VN'appinger's cr. furnishes 
good water-power, and it has some good mill-sites, and 
some manufactures of paper. Atlleburj-, Hull's Mills, and 
Stanfordville are names of post-offices. Pop. 2.15S. 

STANFOF.DVILLE, p. V,, Putuam CO., Ga. : on a branch of 
Oconee r., 21 m. N. W. Milledgeville. 

Stanfordville, p. v.. Duchess co,, 2^. Y. ; on E. side nf 
Wappinger's cr., 53 m. 8. Albany. It contains several 
cimrches, and manufactures of woolens. This place is 
mostly inhabited by Quakers. 

STANniopE, p. v., Sussex eo,, N. Jer. : on the N. bank of 
the Musconctcong river, and on the Morris Canal, 65 ni. "W. 
Jersey City, and 47 m. N. from Trenton. A fall in the r. at 
this point furnishes excellent hydraulic power, and the 

53 



STA 

canal, liy an inclined plane, overcomes an ascent of 70 feet 
It contains some light manufactures. 

Stanhope, p. v., Nash co., H Old: : on the right bank of 
Tar r.. 33 m. E, by N. Kaleigh. • 

Stanhope, p. v., Monroe count>', Penn.: 94 m. N. E. 
Harris burg, 

Stanislaus, v,, San Joaquin county^ Calif. : on the right 
bank of the r. so called, which is the flrsl and largest tribu- 
tary of the San Joaquin r., 13 m. S. by E. Stockton, and 
63 m. S. E, Valhjo. It was laid out by S, Braiinan & Co., 
on ornear the site originally selected for agriculiural opera- 
tions by the Mormoua. Both rivers are navigable to this 
place for vessels of ordinary draft of water. U is the near- 
est point of navigation to the rich and celebrated Placers of 
the Stanislaus, Tuolumne, etc, and has already becofue an 
important position for (he disembarkation of passengers and 
merchandise destined for the miues. 

Stanislaus river, Calif.: rises by S pirks in the Sierra 
Nevada, flows wcstwardly dividing Calaveras and Sun 
Joaquin counties from Tuolumne co., and empties into the 
San J. -aquin, at the city so called. It lias numerous branches. 
The banks of the river are rapidly being settled, but little 
mining is done. 

Stajh-ley county, 2^. Car. Situate S. centrally, and con- 
tains S53 sq. m. Drained by branches of Ilocky r., which 
runs on its southern border. Surface elevated and in some 
parts hilly ; soil fertile, being well adapted to grain and 
grazing. Chief jiroductions, cotton, tobacco, wheat, and 
Indian corn. Farms 515; manuf. 10; dwell. 946, and pop.— 
wh. 5,437, fr. col. 49, si. 1,436 — total 6,922. Cajntal: 
Albemarle. 

Stanley Corners, p. o., Ontario county. X. Y. : 41 m. TiV, 
from Albany. 

Stanton, p. v., Hunterdon county, 27. Jer. : on the N. of 
Eound Motmtain, 24 m. N. by TF. Trenton. It contains a 
church, 3 stores, and 400 inhabitants. 

Stanton, p. o., Bracken co., Ky. : 59 m. N. E. Frankfort, 

Sta-Nton, p. v. and sta.. New Castle county, Del. : on Ked 
Clay cr., and on the Philadt-lphia, ■VVilraingtim, and Balti- 
more K. E., 6 m. Vi. Wilmiugton, and 37 m. N. from 
Dover. 

Stantonsbubg, p. v., Edgecomb co., H. Car. : on Con- 
tentnea cr., 4S m. E, by S. Kaleigh, 

Stantonville, p. v., Anderson district, ^S". Car. : 90 m 
N, W. Cnlumbia. The Greenville and Columbia R. K, 
passes to the "W. of the village. 

Stantosville, p. v., M'Nairy co., Tenn.: 119 m. S. W. 
Nashville. 

Staxwioii. p. o., Fairfield co., C&nn. : 6 m. N. Greenwich 
sta., on New York and Now Haven E. K. ; 39 m. W. B. 'W. 
New Haven. 

Sta>-\vis, p. 0., Oneida county, K. Y. : 101 m. W. N. W. 
Albany. 

Stai'leton, p. v., r.ichmond co., K. Y. : on the N. E. side 
of Stalen Island, 2 in, N, of the "Narrows," 7 m. 8, S. W. 
New Yt)rk, with which it is connected by steamboat. It is 
a small settlement surrounded by delightful scenery, and 
of much re.sort, in common with other villages on Sta'en 
Island, for excursion parties, etc., from New York, It is 
chiefly of note from containing the Seamen's Retreat, an 
hospital for the reception of sick seamen, foanded in 1S30, 
opened Oct, 1st, l!>31, -ind supported from taxes levied by 
law, upon searacn. The principal building is of fough 
granite, 208 feet long, 52 feet wide, 3 stories high, with 
wings 2 stories high, and S3 feet deep, and cost $100,000. 
Attached are 87 acres of land, which cost $10,000. 

Star, p. o.. Assumption parish. La. : 43 m. 8. Baton 
Eouge, 

Starfiei-d, p. 0., Peoria county, lU. : 63 m. N. by W. 
Springfield. 

Stah Furnace, p. o,. Carter county, Ki/.: 99 m. E. 
Frankfort 

Stakk county, III. Situate toward the N. W., and con- 

817 



STA 



STE 



tains 2S9 gq. m. Spwn r. a tributary of Illinois r., passes 
centrally through it, by which and its branches it is ilrainird. 
Surface umlulatiiig; soil a deep loam and very productive. 
Staples. wh«--al and Indian corn. Farms 343; manuf. 23; 
dwell. 5'U, and pop.— wh. 3,710, fr. col. 0— total 3,y0. 
Capitiil: Toulon. 

Stabk county, Tad. Situate N. "W., and contains 432 sq. 
miles. Drained by Kankakee r. which traverses it N. K. 
and S. W., and which, in the centre of the county, extends 
inlo English hike. Extensive marshes lie on the borders of 
the river. It may be considered the moat impracticable 
county in the Slate. Farms 53; dwell. 100, and pnp.— wh. 
557, fr. col. 0— total 55T. Capital : Knox. Public Worirs : 
New Albany and Salem extension E. E. ; Logansport and 
Chlca«:o R. R. ; Fort Wayne and Chicago K. E., etc. 

StaIik county. Ohio. Situate toward the N. E., j^d con- 
tains 5S7 sq. m. Drained by Tuscarawas r. and its affluents. 
Surface even ; soil fertile, and well adapted to wheat, Indian 
corn, and potatoes, which it produces in abundance. It 
contains extensive beds of iron ore and mineral coal, and 
has some quarries of excellent limestone. Pork and beef 
are exported in large quantities. Timber is abundant 
Farms 3,177 ; manuf. iiOi ; d well. G,77S, and pop.— wh. 39,733, 
fr. col. 145— total 39,S7S. Cojntal: Canton. Public Works: 
Ohio and Pennsylvania E. E. ; Cleveland and Pittsburg 
R. E. ; Ohio Canal, and Canton Branch Canal. 

Stake, t., p. o., and sta., Coos co., y. Ilamp.: on S. side 
of Upper Ammonoosuc r., and on Atlantic and St Lawrence 
E. E., 115 m. from Portland; 9S m. N. Concord. Surface 
very uneven and broken. Pop. 41S. 

Starkey, t, p. o., and sta., Yates co., 2^. V. : on "W. side 
of Seneca lake, 16S m. W. Albany. Surface elevated and 
hilly; soil clay loam. Drained by small streams flowing 
into the lake. The principal v. is Dundee, near which is a 
brine spring. The Canandaigua and Elraira E. E. passes 
through, 32 m. from Elmira. Pop. 2,675. 

Stakes, t. and p. v., Somerset co., Me. : on Sandy r. near 
its entrance into Kennebec r., SO m. N. N. "W. Augusta. 
The t has a fertile soil, and good mill privileges afforded by 
Sandy r. Pop. of 1. 1,446. 

Sta uESDO ROUGH, t and p. v., Addison co., Verm. : 23 m. 
VT. Muntpelier. Surface rough and mountainous; soil 
generally inferior. Drained by Lewis cr. and Huntington r. 
which afford water-power. Pop. 1,400. 

Starkville, p. v., and cap. Lee co., Ga. : on the "W. side 
of Muckalee cr. of Flint r., 107 m. S. W, Milledgeville. It 
contains a court-house, jail, etc. 

Staekville, p. v., and cap. Oktibbeha co., Misa. : near 
the Oktibbeha r., 116 m, N. E. Jackson. It contams the 
county buildings, etc. 

Starkville, p. v., Herkimer co., A1 Y, : 53 m. "W-N. W. 
Albany. 

Starltngton, p. 0., Butler county, Ala.: 63 m, S. S. W. 
Montgomery. 

Starr cnunty. Tea*. Situate S., and contains 5,200 sq. m. 
Draijied by outlet of Salt Lagoon. The Rio Grandt) flows 
on its S. "W. border. Surface varied. In the N. being undu- 
lating and somewhat elevated, but in the S. level ; soil near 
the streams is fertile. The greater portion of the county is 
one vast prairie, with occasional groves of oak and other 
trees interspersed. It has excellent pasturage. Capital: 
Eio Grande City. 

Starr, L and p. o., Hocking county, Oltio: 47 miles S. E. 
Columbus. Drained by head watery of Eacooon cr. Tiie 
Hocking river and canal cross its N. E. part 27 miles S. E. 
Lancaster. Surface much broken ; soil fertile. Pop. 1,045. 

Starrs VI LI, E, p. v., Newton county, Ga. : 50 miles N. W. 
Milledgeville. 

SxARutcA, p. v., Wayne county, Penn. : 124 miles N. E. 
Harrisburg. The Starucca creek flows from this vicinity 
into the Susquehanna, near Lanesborough, gives name to 
the Slarurca Viaduct of the Erie R. E., one of the finest 
structures of its kind in the world, which here crosses a 
81S 



deep ravine. It is 1,200 feet long, 110 feet high, and ha.-* 13 
arches with spans of 5U feet Its body is 24 feet wide, hut 
its top is 30 feet, affording space for a double track. It was 
completed within one year, and cost $320,000. 

Statebubg, p. v., and cap. Sumter dist, S^Car.: on a 
small tributary of Santee r., E. of the Camden Branch R. E., 
and 30 m. E. Columbia. It contains a court-house, jail, ami 
other public buildings. 

State Bkidge, p. o., Oneida co., K. Y. : 110 ra, W. N. W. 
Albany. 

Stateland, p. o., Choctaw county, Miss. : 99 m. N. N. E. 
Jaclison. 

State Like, p. o., Trumbull county, Ohio : 143 m. N. E. 
Columbus. 

State Lixe, p. o., M'Uenry county, III. : 204 m. N. N. E. 
Springfield. 

State Ldje, p. o., Walworth co.. Wise. : 61 m. S.E. Madison. 

State Lli^e, p. o., Franklin co., Petm.; 51 m. AV. S. W. 
Harrisburg. 

Staten Island, K Y. : lies centrally, 12 m. S. W. from 
the City Hall, New York, and forms Richmond co. It is 14 
m. long, from 4 to 8 miles wide, and is divided into 4 town- 
ships, conUiining many pleasant villages. Its surfHce is 
agreeably diversified, hilly in the N., and more level in the 
S. From its hills are afforded the most delightful views to 
be obtained in the vicinity of New York. The highest 
elevation is that of Richmond Hill, 307 feet above the bay. 
The numerous villages upon the shores of the island con- 
tain elegant summer country seats of New York citizens, 
also a large permanent population. Several steamboats ply 
hoiu*ly to New York. The construction of a railroad cen- 
trally through the island, and other improvements, have 
been projected. The fisheries on its bttrders are vury valu- 
able ; the amount of market produce raiseil is also consider- 
able. The Seaman's Retreat, and the Sailor's Snug Harbor 
are two noble institutions, occupying beautiful loeaiions on 
its shores. The Quarantine Station for the port of New 
York is on its N. E. point 

State Road, p. o., Lycoming county, Perm. : 75 miles N. 
Harrisburg. 

STATESBonoiTGn, p. T., and cap. Bullock co., Ga. : at the 
head or source of Belcher's Mill creek of Ogechee r., 105 m. 
E. S. E. Milledgeville. It contains a court-house, jail, etc 

Stateville, p. v., and cap. Iredell co., K. Car. : \\ m. N. 
Third creek, 115 m, W. Columbia, and contains the court- 
house and other county buildings. 

Statesville, p. v., Wilson county, Tenn.: 37 m. E. by 8. 
Nashville. 

Station', p. o., Thomas county. Get. : 169 miles W. by S. 
Milledgeville. 

Staunton, p. o., Granville county, If. Car. : 53 m. N* 
Raleigh. 

Staunton, p. v., Macoupin co.. III. : ]} m. E. Cahokia 
cr., and 56 S. Springfield. It is a pleasant v., located on the 
border of a healthy and fertile prairie. 

Staunton, p. v., Fayette county, Ohio: 88 miles S. W. 
C<»lumbus. Pop. 87. 

Staunton, p. v., and cap. Augusta co., Virg. : on Lewis 
creek, and on the Virginia Central R. E., 97 m: W. N. "W . 
Eichmond. The land rises from the creek, and the streets, 
though narrow, are uniformly laid out The court-house 
and jail are situated here, the former a neat and eom- 
modimis edifice. This is one of the oldest villages in Mid- 
dle Virginia, and the Virginia Central E. R. connects it 
with the Potomac and James rivers. The v. contains a 
bank, capital $100,000,4 churches, 2 acad.-mies and 2 semi- 
naries, the Western Lunatic Asylum, and the Institution for 
the Deaf, Dumb, and Blind. The '"S. Speclalor" (whig), 
"Republican Vindicator'' (dem.), and the ''Virginia Mes- 
senger"' (neut) are issued weekly. The v. is surmunded by 
a fertile and well-cultivated country. Pop. about 2.2(i0. 

Steady Run, p. v., Keokuk co., la. : on a branch of Big 
creek, ST m. S. by W. Iowa City. 



STE 

Steamboat, sta., Chester co., Penn. : on the Philadelphia 
and Pennsylvania R. E., 26 miles W. Philadelphia, and SO 
E. S. E. Harrisburg. 

Steam Factoet, p. c, Muscogee co., Ga, : 105 m. W. S.'W. 
Milledgeville. i 

Steam Mill, p. c, Warren county, Penn. : 160 m. N. W. 
Harrisburg. 

Steampokt, p. o., Henderson co., Ki/. : 151 m, "W. by 8. 
Franlclbrt. 

Steedman's. p. v., Lexington dist.,,*?. Car, : cm the E. side 
of North Edisto river, 27 m. S. W. Columbia. 

Steele Creek, p. o., MechWuburg co., y. Car. : 129 m. 
S. W. Raleigh. 

Steele's, p. o.. Rush co., Ind. : 35 m, E. by S-Indianapolis. 

Steele's, p. v., Anderson dist., S. Car. : between Twenty- 
thrt-f and Twenly-six mile creeks, branches of Seneca r., 
10:3 m. N. W. Columbia. 

Si kele'8 Landing, p. o^ Ottawa co., 3Iich. : S3 m. W. by N. 
Lansing. 

Steele's Mills, p. o , Randolph co., HI. : on the right aide 
of St. Mary's r., 122 in. S, SprinErftt-ld. 

Steele's Tatekn, p. o., Augusta county, Virg. : 99 m. 
N. W. by W. Richmond. 

Steeletille, p. 0., Chester county, P<;7i7u ; 41 m. S. E. 
Harrisburg. 

Steel's Praiete, Daviess co., Ind. : 13 a sandy, level, 
tract of land, in the "W. part of the co., 79 m. S. W. Indian- 
apolis, It is named from Nina Steele, the first settler, and 
contains about 1,000 acres, all In cultivation. Prairie creek 
passes through it, and flows into the West fork of White r. 
Steele v. is located on the border of the prairie, and contains 
about 450 inhabitants. 

Steelsville, p. v., and cap. Crawford co., Mo. : on the S. 
side of the Maramec r., 62 m. S. E. Jefferson City. It con- 
tains the county court-house, jail, and other public buildings. 
About 12 m. W. are the Maramec Iron Works, and the 
country abounds in iron ore. 

Steen's Cheek, p. o., Rankin county. Miss.: 15 m. S. E. 
Jackson. 

Steep Bottom, p. 0., Beaufort district, *S^ Qzr: 99 m S. 
Columbia. 

Steep's Falls, p. 0., Cumberland co., Me. : 56 m. S. W. 
Augusta. 

Stheb Creek, p. o., Gilraer co., Vifff. : 213 m. W. N. W. 
Richmond. 

Steilacoom, p. v., and port, Lewis co., Oreff. Ter. : on 
FugL't's Sonnd, 11 m. N. Fort Nesqually, and 156 m. N. 
Salem. The v. at this place is rapidly expanding, and from 
its position must eventually become important in a com- 
mercial point of view. Its exports are chiefly sawed lumber, 
piles, square timber, shingles, etc., which are purchased for 
the San Francisco and other Pacific markets. 

STEMBEP.SVXLLE, p. 0., CaTbOQ CO., Perm. : 71 m. N. E. 
narrisl)urg. 

Stemmer's Run, sLi., BalUmore co., 3fd. : on Philadelphia, 
Wilmington, and BaKiraore E. K., 9 m. from Baltimore, 
89 m. from Philadelphia. 

STEpnEN-itnEGn, p. v., Hardin co., Ki/. : on the Nashville 
and Louisville E. R., 74 m. S. W. Frankfort. 

Stephessos county, PL Situate N., and contains 536 
eq. m. Drained by Pt-katonica and its affluents, and small 
Iriimlaries of Plum river. Surface undulating; soil fL-rtile. 
A large portion of the land is prairie, interspersed with 
barrens and oak openings. This county is rapidly increas- 
ing iu importance, I-'arms 1,179; manuf. 75; dwell. 1,950, 
and pnp.— wh. 11,65:^, fr. col. S— total 11,666. CapiUd: 
Freepnrl. Public Works: Galena and Chicago Union R. R. ; 
Galena Branch of Illinois Central K. R, 

Stephenson's Dep6t, p. o., Frederick co., Vlfff. : 119 m. 
N. N. W. Richmond. 

STEPnESspoET, p. v., Breckcnridge co., Ky,: on the Ohio 
r.. opposite Rome, at the mouth of Sinking cr., 101 in. below 
LouisviUe, 91 m. W. by S. FrankforL It is a small but 



STE 

handsome village, and a considerable business is done here 
in shipping the productions of the interior. 

STEpnENT.:>wN, t. and p. v., Rensselaer co., K T. : 19 m. 
E. S. E. Albany. Surface hilly and mountainous, wifh a 
central valley, through which flows Kinderhook r., in S. E. 
course. Rooflngslato is quarried. The t. contains 3 woolen 
factories, with grist and saw mills. Pop. of t. 2,622. 

Stephens viLLE, p. v., Wilkinson county, Go,: 13 m. S. 
MiHe<lgeville. 

Stepnet, p. v., Fairfleld county, Omn. : IS m. W. Kew 
Haven. '» 

Stepney Dei'St. p. o. and sta., Fairfii^-Id co., Conn. : on 
the Housatonic P^ R., 10 m. iVom Bridgeport, 17 m. W. New 
Haven. 

Steeling, t. and p. o., Windham co., Cmn. : 45 m. E. by S. 
Hartford. Watered bybranchesof Monsup r., which alTord 
water-power. Near its centre is a curious cavern, called 
the De\-il's Den, which has a circular area of about 100 feet 
in diameter. Pop. 1.205. 

STEiiLiNQ, p. v., Whitesides co., IH..' on the right bank 
of Ruck r., 135 m. N. Springfield. 

Sterling, p. r., Phillips CO., J A-X'..' on the Mississippi r., 
at the lower side of the mouth of SI. Francis r., 4S m. below 
Memphis (Tenn.), and 9G E. from Little Rock. 

Steeling, p. v., Crawford co., Ind. : on Little Blue r., 
100 m. 8. by W. Indianapolis. 

Sterling, t., p. v., and sta,, Worcester co., 3fass. : 87 in. 
W. by N. Boston. Surface uneven ; soil moderately fertile. 
Watered by Still r. The v. at the centre contains 2 churches, 
and is a station of Fitchburg and Worcester R. E., which 
connects at Sterling junction, 2 m. below, with Worcester 
and Nashua E. R. Pop. of 1. 1,800. 

Sterling, L and p. v., Cayuga co., K T. : 161 m. W. N. W. 
Albany. Bounded N. by Lake Ontario, from which little 
Sodus bay, about 5 m. long, extends S. into tho N. W. part. 
The V. on Sodus cr. contains a few mills, tannery, and iron 
foundry. Pop. of I. 2.S0S. 

Steri-ing, t. and p. o., Wayne co., Penn. : 101 m. N. E. 
Harrisburg. Drained by Waullenpaupack cr. and tribu- 
taries, and the Lehii;h r., which furnish good water-powfr. 
Surface hilly ; soil gravelly loam. Pop. about 1,000. 

Sterling Bottom, p. o., Meigs county, Ohio: 77 m. S. E. 
Columbus. 

Sterling Grove, p. o., Greenville dist., iT. Cat:: 95 m. 
N. W. Columbia. 

Sterling Hill, p. o.,Windham co., Conn. : 45 m. E. by S. 
Hartford. 

Sterling Jfnction, v. and eta..Worcester co., MaJiS. : ou 
the Fitchburg and Worcester E. R.. at its Junction with the 
Worcester and Nashua E. E., S m. N. Worcester, S3 m. 
S. S. W.*Nashua (N. H.), and 3S m. W. Boston. 

Sterling Tillage, v. and sta. .Worcester county, Masfi. : 
on the Fitchburg and Worcester K. R., 10 m. N. Worcester, 
and S'? m. W. Boston. 

Sterling viLLE, p. v., Jefferson co., N". Y.: on a tributary 
of Indian r., 143 m. N. W. Albany. Iron ore abounds in 
the vicinity, and is extensively manufactured in this place. 

Sterlingville, p. 0., Wyoming co., Penn. : 93 in. N. N. E. 
Harrisburg. 

Stetson, t nnd p. v., Penobscot co., J/"**. .• 53 m. N. E. 
Augusta. Drained by branches of Sebastic^ok and Sowa- 
dabscook rivers, having their sources in ponds in this L 
Surface undulating, and soil fertile, producing good grain. 
The V. is on a branch of Sebaslicook r. The t. has some 
light manufactures. Pop. oft. 8=^. ■ 

Steuhen county, Tnd. Situate N. E., and contains 324 
sq. m. Drained by Pigeon r. and Crooked and Fish creeks, 
which arc the principal streams; there are also several 
lakelets in tho county. Surface level — one-half well tim- 
bered, and the residue barrens and prairies. Farms 566 : 
innnuf. 2S; dwell. 1.109, and pop.— wb. 6,102, fr. col. 2— 
total 6.104. Capital: Angol.i. 

Steuben county, X. Y. Situate S. toward the W., and 

819 



STE 



STI 



contains 1,400 sq. ra. Drained by Tn)g;i and Conliooton 
rivers (which, uniting, form Chemung), and Ibcir afiluenls. 
Surface pleasantly diveraifled wilh hills and vaUeye; soil 
generally fertile, and well fitted for pasture. Chief prod- 
ucts, wheat and Indian ci>rn. Considerable quantlties-of 
live-sloclc and lumber are exportcid. It contains iron ore 
and some mineral springs. Farms 6,79T ; manuf. 57G ; 
dwell. 11,210, and pop.— wb. 63,409, fr. col. S62— total 63,7T1. 
Capital : Balb. PuUic Works : New York and Erie K. R. ; 
Buffalo, Corning, and New Tork K. E. ; Buffalo and New 
York City K. K. ; Corning and Blossbnrg lb, K., etc. 

Stkcben, t. and p. v., Washington eo.. Me. : bordering on 
the Atlantic Ocean, having Narragaugas bay pn the 8. E., 
and Goldsboro' Harbor bay r,n the S. \V., and Dyer's bay 
and Pigeon Hill bay set up from the ocean on the S., 94 m. 
E. by N. Augusta. It has several good harI)ors, and is en- 
gaged in tlie coasting trade ami fisheries Incorporated in 
1795. The village is oa an inlet of Goldsboro' bay. Popu- 
lation oft. 1,122. 

Steuben, p. o., Crawford county, Penn. : 190 m. N. W. 
Harris burg. 

Steuben, L and p. o., Oneida co., K. T. : 92 m. N. "W. 
Albany. Drained by Cincinnati cr. and tributaries of the 
Mohawk r. Surlace hilly, wilh excellent soil for gr; ?s or 
grain. It is a good farming town, and butter and cheese 
are exported. The manufactures are leather and lumber. 
Pop. 1,744. 

Steuben, p. v., Huron county, Ohio: on a branch of 
Huron r., 7S m. N. J E. Columbus. The Sandusky, Mans- 
field, and Newark K. K. passes to the W, of the v., 1 m. 
distant. 

Steubenvtlle, p. v., Steuben co., Iiul. : 137 m. N. N, E. 
Indianapolis. 

Stevbknville, t, p. v., and cap. Jeffbrson county, Ohio : 
on an elevated plain on right bank of the <Jhio river, 30 m. 
above Wheeling, Virg.^Vl^i m. E. N". E. Columbus. Drained 
by a tributary of the Ohio r. The v. is neatly and regularly 
laid out, was incorporated in 1S35, and has many fine man- 
sions, several churches, a neat and commodious court-house, 
and other county buildings, a bank, and considerable manu- 
factures, a rope-walk, boat-yard, and printing offices. The 
lower story of the court-house is occupied ua a market. 
The manufacture of woolen and cotton goods, steam en- 
gines, silver-plating, glass, etc., is carried on ; there are also 
iron and brass foundries. In the vicinity the manufactories 
of copperas yield 160 tons per annum. Over a thousand 
persons are employed in the factories, and the town is last 
increasing in importance. Much attention is paid in the 
neighboring country to the raising of Merino and other su- 
perior breed of sheep. Inexhau.-tible beds of stone coal are 
found throughout a great portion of this region. 4. The v. 
contains 6,140 inhabitants. It has several academies of re- 
putation, and is amply provided with common schools, etc. 
The newspapers published here are the "Messenger" and 
'^Herald," semi-weekly and weekly issues, and the ''Amer- 
ican Union," a weekly. Sleubenville ia on the E. and W. 
line of railroads connecting Pennsylvania and Ohio, and it 
is also connected with Cleveland on the one hand antl 
Wheeling on the other by an extension of the Cleveland 
and Pittsburg R. E. The t. of Sleubenville in lb40 had 
0,203 inhabitants, and in ISoO, 7,224. 

StETEKSBUEG, p. v., Culpcppcr CO., Fi/'i?. ; 61 m. N. by W. 
Richmond. 

SxETTENSOi?, sta., Jackson co., Ala.: on the Nashville 
and Chattanooga E. R., 36 miles W. by S. Chattanooga 
(Tennessee), and 179 miles N. by E. MoiUgomery. The 
Memphis and Charleston K. R. will form a junction at 
this poinL 

Steven's Plaikb, p. v., Cumberland county, ^f3. : 52 m. 
8. W. Augusta. The York and Cumberland E. K. passes 
this place 2 m. W. Portland. 

Steven's Point, p. v.. Portage co.. Wise. : on the left 
bank of Wisconsin r., 105 m. N. Madison. 
830 



Stevxnsville, p. 0., Bradford co., Penn.: 109 m. N. 
Harrisburg. 

Stevensville, p. 0., Sullivan co,, N, Y. : 81 m. 8. W. 
Albany. * 

Stevensville, p. o.. King and Queen co., Virg.: 44 m. 
E. N. E. Richmond. 

Stewart county, Ga. Situate W. toward the S., and 
contains 6SS sq. m. Drained by branches of Chattahoochee 
river, which bounds it on the W., and by Kitehafoona river 
ind ila branches, which enter Flint river. Surface level; 
soil fertile, and produces cotton in abundance. Indian corn 
and wheat are raised, and there is some fine pasture laud ; 
timber is abundant. It contains several valuable minerals- 
Farms 990; manuf. 36; dwell. 1,432, and pop.— wh. 8,649, 
fr. col. 5, si. 7.373— total 16.n27. Cajntal : Lumpkin. Pub- 
lic Works : South-western E. R. 

Stewart county, Tenn. Situate N. toward the W.. and 
contains 674 sq. m. Drained by Cumberland river and its 
branches, and by branches of Tennessee river, which forms 
its western Iwundary. Surface undulating. The soil con- 
sista of a deep mold, and is verj' fertile. Tobacco is the 
staple, but excellent crops of wheat and grain are raised. 
Its facilities for commerce are great, easy access being had 
to the different market towns by means of the rivers. 
Farms 936; manuf. 33; dwell. 1,225, and pop.— wh, 17,01T, 
fr. col. 127, 9l. 2,575— total 9,719. Capital: Dover. 

Stew .art's Draft, p. v., Augusta county, Virg. : on W. 
side of South r., 90 m. W. N. W. Richmond. 

Stewart's Ferry, p. 0.. Davidson co., Teivn. 

Ste^vart's Run, p. o., Venango co., Peim. : 16S m. N, W. 
Harrisburg. 

Stewart's Sprtngs, p. o., Polk county, Ark. : 109 m. 
W. by S. Little Rock. There are several sulphur springs in 
the vicinity. 

Stewartsto-wh-, t and p. o., Coos county, 2)f. Hamp. : on 
the E. side of the Connecticut river, 124 m. N. Concord. 
Drained on the E. by outlets of Great and Little Diamond 
ponds, and on the W. by tributaries of the Connecticut r. 
Surface uneven ; soil fertile. The Connecticut r. at this 
point is about 15 rods wide. Farming is the chief pursuit. 
The V. is on a branch of Indian stream. Pop. of t. 747. 

Stewaktstown, p. 0., Monongalia county, Ttrg. : 203 m. 
N. W. Richmond. 

Stewartstown, p. V,, Richmond co., K. Car: on the lefi 
bank of Yadkin r.-, 89 m. S. W. Raleigh. 

Stewartstows, p. o., Tork co., Pmn. : 33 m. 8. by E. 
Harrisburg. 

Stew arts VTLLE, p. o., Warren county, K. Jer. : 86 m. 
N. by W. Trenton. 

Stewartsville. p. T., Richmond co., N. Car. : on Leith's 
river, 77 m. S. S. W. Raleigh. 

Stewartsville. p. v.. Westmoreland co., Penn. : 149 m, 
W. Harrisburg. The Philadelphia and Pennsylvania R. R. 
passes wilhiu 2 m. of the village. 

Sjbce's Shoal, p. c, Cleveland county, 2f. Car. : 157 nL 
W. S. W. Raleigh. 

S ncKLEYviLLE, p. o., Lce CO., Virg. : 208 m. W. S. W. 
Richmond. 

STicKOTit. p. o., Clierokee co., K. Car. : 312 m. W. by S. 
Raleigh. 

Stilesboeo', p. v., Cass co., Ga.: on the S. of Etowah 
river. 129 m. N. W. Milledgevilte. 

Stilesville. p. v.. Tlemlrioks co., Ind.: on the National 
Road. 25 m. W. S. W. Indianapolis. 

Still IIiver, v. and sta., Worcester co., Masff.: on the 
Worcester and Nashua R. E., 23 m. N. by E. Worcester, 
32 m. W. N. W. Boston. 

Still Valixt, p. v., Warren co., 2^. Jer.: 85 m. N. W. 
Trenton. 

Stillwater, t. and p. v., Sussex co.. A*", Jer.: 55 m. N. 
Trenton. Dramt-d t)y Paulinskil! cr. and a tribular>- of it, 
flowing from Swartoui's Pond, in the E. part of the t. Sur- 
face hilly, nnd on tlie N. W. mountainous, witli a ft-rtile 



STI 



STO 



8<iil. Il conlains sevoral taunerk'S, mills, fU\ Tlit v. is nn 
Uie N. siile of Paulinsbill, tiiid c<uitains a fliurcU, several 
mills, etc. Pop. of 1 1,742. i 

Stillwater, I. and p. v., ^arato^a co., ^V. Y. : on the "W. 
side (>f 'it- Hudson r.. 2'i ni. N. Albany. DrainL-d by An- 
llumy's kill and uihtir small branches of the Ilndson river. 
f?Lirrace undulating; soil fertile. In the N. of the town is 
BL-mus Ht;ights,at which were fought the celebrated actions 
of Sept. XU and Oct. S, 1T77. whicli led to llie surrejider of 
Burgnyue to tlie American arms under General Gates. The 
town has good waler-power, and there are several manu- 
factories. The Champlain Canal passes through the v., 
24 ra. from Albany. Pop. of t. 2,y0(>. ' 

Still-water, p. o., Columl>ia co., Penn. : 59 m. N. by E. 
Ilarrisburg. 

Stillwater, p. v., Tuscarawas co., OMo : on the N. side 
of a stream so called, a branch of the Tuscarawas r., 90 m. 
E. N. E. Columbus. Extensive salt springs are found on 
the banks of the r. in the vieiuily of the v. 

Stillwatei:. p. v.. and cap. Washington co., M/nn. Ter,: 
on the W. side of SL Croix lake. 31 m. N. St. Paul. It re- 
ceives its name from the circumstance that the current from 
the St. Cniix r. is no longer perceptible at this place. The 
V. was founded in 1843, and contains the territorial peniten-f 
tiary, three churches — Presbyterian, l!aptist,and Episcopal, 
two mills, one driven by water and the other by steam, two 
hntels. several stores, groceries, etc., and about silD inhabit- 
auls, who are principally engaged in the liiniber trade. 
The pop. in 1S5() was G'21, and has since rapidly increased. 
A IT. S. laud office is located here. 

Stillwell, p. 0., Wood county, Ylrg,: 227 miles N. "W. 
Eichmond. 

Stillavell's, p. o,, Butler counts^, Ohio: 9G m. "W. S. W. 
Columbus. 
^' Stip's HrLL, p. v., Franklin co., Iiid. : on the right bank 

f of Salt cr. of White r., 55 m. E. S. E. Indianapolis. 

'' Stittville, p. 0., Oneida co., Ji. Y. : 95 ra.W. by N.Albany. 

I Stockbkidge, t. and p. v., Berkshire co., Mass. : 117 m. 

I W. Boston. Drained by IIou>-alouic r. and liranches. Sur- 

' face uneven, with extensive alluvial meadows; soil gener- 

■. ally fertile, especially on the streams. Marble add limestone 

are found in large quantities. It ha.s extensive bydraulie- 
powt-r, and there are several mauufact<tries of woolen?, cot- 
ton goods, leather, etc. The "Centreville Manufacturing 
Cutupaiiy" manufacture G'24,n00 yards cloth per annum, and 
employ 90 operatives; cap. $10t)."00. There is also a fur- 
nace and several mills here. The v. is pleasantly located 
on a plain, on the K. side of Ilousalonic r., and contains 
several churches, a bank (cap. ,$luo.(»ni). and an academy. 
The Housatonic K. K. passes through the v., 17 m. S. Pitls- 
fieM. Pop. of L 1,340. 

Stockhkidge, I. and p. o., Ingham co., JficJi. : 25 m. S. E. 
I,ansiTiG;. Drained by branches of Huron and Grand rivers. 
Pop. (357. 

STucKBr.tDOE, t. and p. v., Windsor co., V'^r/n. : 86 m. 
S. by W. Montpelier. Drained by White r., which passes 
through it. affording good water-power, and a branch of 
Tweed r. Surface uneven ; soil well adapted to the growiii 
of gr.ass. Steatite or soapslone is found in considerable 
quantities. It contains several manufactories of woolens, 
leather, etc. The v. is on the X. side of White river. Pop. 
of 1 1.:}27. 

Stock KRiDGE, p. v., Henry co., Ga.: on a head branch 
of the Ocnuilgce r., 71 m. N. W. Milledgeville. 

STocKBiuixiE. t. and p. v., Madison co,, A' Y.: 100 m. 
4ftV. by N. Albany. Surface uneven, with a fertile ami, in 
general, well-cultivated soil. Drained by Oneida creek. It 
has excellent water-power, and contains several manufacU)- 
rie^. The v. ia located on Oneida cr., and contains several 
churches and an academy. Pap. of L 2.0S1. 

Stockbridgb. p. v., Calumet co., Wi^c. : on the E. side 
of Winnebago lake. 94 ra. N. E. Madison. 

Stock Ceeek, p. v., Scott co., Virff. : on a cr. so called, 



■293 m. W. 8. W. Richm-md. Al this pl.-ice thcn> is a re- 
markable natural tunnel, through which (he cr. flows. 

Stockkrton. P.O., Norfianipton conntv, Penn.: S5 m. 
N. N. E. Harrisburg. 

SToniaioLM. p. o., Sussex co., N. J^r. : 54 m. N. Trenlon. 

STorKHoLM, I., p. v., and s'u, St. Lawrence co., N. Y.: 
152 m. N. W. Albany. Drained by St. Ilegis river and 
branches, and a branch of Packet river. Surface hilly and 
somewhat slony; soil fertile and heavily tiniberci. There 
are some manufactures, consisiing of flour, lumber, fulled 
cloths, potasli, and leatlu-r. Th.- village is on the Northern 
(Ogdensburg) li. P., S-2 m. W. by 8. Rouse's Point. Pop. 
of t. 3,661. 

Stocki'ort, t.. p. v., and sta., Columbia co,, X. Y. : on the 
E. side of the Hudson river, 24 in. S. Albany, Drained by 
Kinderhook creek, flowing into the Hudson river. Surface 
uneven; soil fertile. Cohuubiaville is a manufacturing v. 
The t. contains several manufactories of woolen and cotton 
goods, leather, paper, flour, etc. The v. is on the Hudsoti 
Pwiver R. K., 24 m. S. Albany, and 121 m. N. from New 
York city. Pop. of t. l,*).^^ 

Stockport, p. o., Morgan coutdy, Ohio: 6> m. E. by 8. 
Columbus. 

Stockport Station, p. v. and sta., Delaware co., 2i.T.: 
OQ the E. side of the Delaware r., on the New York and 
Erie K. P., 109 m. N. W. New York city, and 94 ni. 3. W. 
(direct) Albany. Its location is in a (ileasant bend of the r., 
3 miles below the junctinn of ihe Moh.iwk and Popacton 
branches. an"l it is important as a lumber depfil, large 
quantities of which is manufactured in the neighlnirhood. 

Stocksville, p. v.. Buncombe co., JV. Cm;: on S. side 
of Ivy r.. 219 m. W. KaK-igh. - 

Stockton, p. v.. Baldwin county, Ala.: on the E. side of 
Tensaw river, 25 miles N. E. Mobdc, and 137 m. S. W. of 
Montgomery. 

Stockton, P.O.. Madison co., Fior. : 45 m.E. Tallahassee. 

Stockton, t. and p. o.. ('haulauque co.. A"". Y. : 12 m. 8. 
Dunkirk, and 2'.iG m. W. by S. Albany. Bearand Cassadaga 
lakes are in the X. part, by tlie outlets of which Die town is 
drained. Surface even; soil fi^iile. It has excelh-nl water- 
power, and several light manufactuns. Pop. l.()J2. 

Stockton, p. v., and cyp. San Joaquin co., < \ili/. : on the 
Stockton blougli or canal (wliicli contains llu* "bai-k wa- 
ters" formed by Ihe junction of the Sacramento and San 
Joaquin ri\'er;^) about :'. ul from its junction Wflh the San 
Joaquin, 100 m. E. by water fr>>in San Kraiici.'^co, and 59 ra. 
direct from YalU-jo. This is one of the priiu-ipal cities of 
Uie State, ranking next to San l'"rancisco and SarranieUtO. , 
First settled in 1S44. by C. M. Weber, who obUained'a grant 
from the then governor of California ftjr a large section of 
country J made a pueblo in 1S45, when there were seven 
n-sidences, and was abandoned in tlie succeeding year. In 
1S48 the settlement was successfully establiHlied, and in 1S49 
it was a canvas city of I.OUO iidiabitants, with a flcM of mer- 
chant vessels lying before it. The Stockton slough is divided 
into three i-ranches; the city occupies the peninsula betwecu 
the two northern, and extends also S. to the third branch. 
Tiie cround on which it is built is high, and not sul'ject to 
overflow, and is in the centre of the two great Irael-i of ara- 
ble land which constitute the valleys of the San Joaquin 
and Sacramento rivers. The San Joaquin is navigable at 
all seasons to this place for vessels drawing not over nine feet 
of water, and such is the peculiar formation of liic bank that 
they can lay directly along it and discharge their cargoes. 
Il is the drp6t for the .supply of all the southern mines, and 
every thing indicatt^s that this point is destin«-d to become 
oneof ilie gnat inland marlsof this wonderful and gmwing 
country, and it is believed by some that it will outstrip all 
its rivals in the race of prosperity. The largcst-si/.ed brigs 
and schooners, and a great number of launches, etc., are 
engaged in the carrying trade, .and steamers ply here regu- 
larly. The mines are situated among the hills and mount- 
ains forming the western Blope of tho Sierra Nevada, com- 

821 



8T0 

mencing some 20 m. E.of the city, and extending Ihonoe 
E. to Uie banks of the river. Two papers are published, 
and a military post is located here. A State hospital is 
ereclin", which will be an ornament to the city. Pop. S.OOO. 
Stoddakd county, Mo. Situate S. E., and contains 987 
sq. m. Drained by ■ffbite Water r. and numerous outlets 
of the different lakes which cover a'large portion of the Co. 
Surface varied ; in the N. it is nuich broken, but in the S. 
level and marshy ; soil in general is good, and the swampy 
portions when cultivated are ren.lcred fertile and produc- 
tive. Farms 41S; manuf. 2; dwell. 719, "ond pop.-wh. 

4 •'21 fr col. 6, 3l. 50— total 4.277. Capittd: Btajmfleld. 
"stoddakd, t. and p. v., Cheshire co., K. ITamp: SI m. 

5 W Concord. There is a l.irge number of ponds m the 
town. Drained by tribniaries of tlie Morriraac on Ibe E., 
and of the Connecticut r. on the W. Surface mountainous 
and very rocky; soil adapted to gra.^s. Incorporated m 
1774 There is some leather and linnber mamifaclured 
here. The V. is in the N. p.irt. Pop. of L 1,100. 

SioDDiinTSvn-i-E, p. v., Monroe co., Peiin. : on the bank 
of the Lehigh r., S5 m. N. E. H^u-rislmrg. 

Stokk county, N. Car. Situate N. tow.ard the W., and 
contains 72^ sq. m. Drained by Dan r. and tributaries, .and 
branches of Yadkin r. Surface diversified, the greater part 
of It bein» billy ; soil fertile, and making good pasture land. 
Chief nrodurlions, cotlon and tol>acco, wheat, and Indian 
corn Farms 591 ; manuf. .34 ; dwell. 1.205, and p,.p.-wh. 
7,264, fr. col. 140, si. 1,793-total 9,260. Capital: Ger- 

""st'Zs, p. 0., Oneida co., ii: 5'..- IM m. N. W. Albany. 

Stose cotmtv. Mo. Situate S. toward tlie W., and con- 
tains 477 sq. m. Drained by -James r., and IJntTalo fork of 
White r Surface undulating: soil fertile, and produces 
wheat and Indian com in abundance ; it is also well adapt- 
ed to the growth pi tobacco. Apple, pear, peach, anil other 
fruit-trees are grown, and yield excellent fruit Pine and 
other timber abounds. _ 

Stone \evbh, p. v., Montgomery county, JT. Y.: about 
4 m N. of the Mohawk river and 44 m. W. N. W. Albany. 
This is one of the oldest settlements in the oonuty, and 
in October, 17S0, was the scene of a bloody conflict between 
the English and Americans, in which, through treachery 
and unequ.il numbers, the latter were defeated. It con- 
tains a Dutch Kcformed church erected in 17SS, and a Lu- 
theran chnrch bnilt in 1791. 

Stone CnrccH, p. o., Genesee Co., X. Y. : 224 m.W. byN. 
Albany. The Batfalo and Rochester K. E. passes near this 

'"'stelsECBCncH.p. o., Northampton county, Pmrn. : 85 m. 
E N. E. Harrisburg. 
Stoke Creek, p. o., Tnscarawas co., Ohio : C9 m. N. !■.. 

Columbus. _. ,, 

Stonebam, t., p. v., and sta., Middlesex co., jl/ii.«. ; 7 m. 
N Boston.- There is a pond in the S. part coveting abont 
283 acres. Surface uneven and rocky ; soil fertihs and well 
wooded The chief manufacmre here is shoes, at which 
nearlv two-thirds of the inhabitants are employed. The v. 
is centrallv located, and contains several churches. The 
Station is on the Boston and Maine P.. P.., S m. N. Boston. 

Pop. of L 2,085. ., „ w 

Stose Lick, p. o., Randolph county, N. Car. ; il m. Vf. 

^'st'^ MiLiB, P.O.. Jefferson co., K Y.: 15.3 m. N. W. 

■^STONi MotTN-TAiN, p. o. and sta., De Kalb co., Ga: on 
Georgia E. E., 12 m. E. N. E. from Atlanta, 81 m. N. W. 
Milledgeville. 

Stone Motn-'TAiN, p. o., M-Dowell CO., K Car.: 198 m. 
W. Kalcigh. 

Stonee, p. o., Seneca CO., Ohio : 7S m. N. i W. Columbus. 

Stone Eibce, p. v., Ulster co., iV. i'. : 1 m. N. Eondout 
kill, 64 m. S. S. Vf. Albany. 

BxoRHt's Peaibie, p. 0., Dane co., Wise 



STO 

Btonee's Stoee, p. 0., Eoanoke co., rirg. : 137 m. W. by 
S. Eichmond. 

Stokeestown, p. v., Bedford co., renn: on E. bank of 
Eayston branch of .luniata r., 71 in. \V. Harrisburg. Broad 
Top Mountain is in its vicinity. 

Stoneesville, p. o., Berks CO., Penn. : 51 m. E. by N. 
Harrisburg. 

Stonesviixe, p. v., Greenville dist., S Car.: on a tribu- 
tary of Ennoree r, SS m. N. W. Columbix 

Stoke Wall Mill, p. v., Appomattox Co., Virg.: on 
James r. and canal, 15 m. below Lynchburg, .and 131 m. W. 
by S. from Eichmond by canal, and 71 m. direcL 

SiONiNGTOS, t., p. b., and p'>rt of entry, New London CO., 
Cmi n. ; 51 m. S. E. Hartford, 53 m. E. New Haven. Bound- 
ed S. by Long Island Sound, E. by Pawcatuck r., separating 
it from Ehode Island, and W. by Mystic r., both of which 
afford water-power. This is a large U, with rocky and un- 
even surface, but moderately fertile soil, and contains three 
villages. The borough "is on a narrow and rocky point of 
land^ extending about i m. S. into the sound. The harbor 
is protected by a break-water, constructed by the United 
States government at a cost of $50,000. It is handsomely 
laid out, well built, and was incorporated in ISOl. Its citi- 
iens are noted fir commercial enterprise, especially in the 
whaling and scaling business, in which a large aggregate 
capital is employed. Many vessels are owned here, which 
bring their cargoes into New York and other ports. It has 
a marine railway and lighthouse at the entrance of the har- 
bor, etc. The total tonnage of Sloninglon district on 80th 
.June, 1S50, was 19,918 tons. The registered tonnage 
amounteil to 13.159 tons, and all permanent, of which 8,861 
Ions were in the whale fishery. The enrolled and licensed 
tonnage amonnted to 6,724 tons, consisting of 6,102 tons 
permanent, 144 tons temporary, employed as follows— coast- 
ing trade, 4,020 tons; cod fishery, 1,655 tons; mackerel 
fishery, 571 tons ; steam navigation, 67 tons ; and the ton- 
nage '" licensed under 20 tons," viz.: 89 tims in coasting- 
trade, 389 urns in cod fishery. The number of clearances 
for foreign cimntries during the year preceding was 9— 2,5:J1 
tons ; number of entrances do. 10—2.894 tons. The number 
of vessels built during the year ivas 9—1,034 tons; viz., 2 
ships, 1 schooner, 5 sloops, and 1 steamer. During 1849, 
the whale flshcrj- imports of Stonington were— 1,628 bbls. of 
sperm oil, 16.S.34 bbls. whale oil, and 97,500 lbs. whalebone. 
The town contains several manufactories, of which three 
are exiensively engaged in making plaid and plain linseys, 
etc. The b. contains 2 banks, with aggregate capiliU of 
J1CO,000, 1 savings bank, 2 academies, 4 churches, etc. 
Here commences the Stoningttm R. K. to Providence. 50 m.^ 
connecting with daily steamboats to and from New York. 
This place is of considerable resort in summer. The Wad- 
dawanniiek House, the chief fashionable hotel, is kept iu 
first-class style. Pop. of t. in 1840, 3,898 ; in 1860, 5,484. 

SioNisGTON, p. v.. Christian co.. III. : on the S. fork of 
Sangamon r., 29 m. S. E. Springfield. 

Stonv Bkook, sta., Middlesex co., Mass.: on Fitchbiu-g 
P.. 1!., 12 in. from Boston. 

Stony Bkook. p. v., SulTotk county, N. Y. : on N. side of 
Long Island, 122 m.S. S. E. Albany. It has n good harbor, 
accessible at all seasons of the year, and cirries on shiji- 

building, with some manufactures. Pop. about 400. 
Stony Cbeek, p. o., Warren co., Ji'. 1'. ; 54 m. N. Albany. 
5t«iny Cbeek. sta., New Haven county. Conn. : on -New 

Haven and New London E. E., 11 m. from New Haven, 

39 m. from New London. 
Stony Oeeek, t. and p. o., Somerset co., /Vnn. ; 108 m. 

W. by S. Harrisburg. The Alleghany Mountain is on its 

E. border. Drained by Stony cr. and branches. Surface 

mountainous, with fertile valleys. Iron ore is abondanL 

It contains numerous saw-mills, with a few tanneries, grists 

milLs, etc. 
Stony Ceeek, p. o., Scott co., R'V- •' 290 ra. W. S. W 

Eichmond. 



STO 

Ptosy Fork, p. o., Amiierst county, Mrg. : 90 m. W. 
Kichtnond. 

f^TONY Fork, p. o., Wautaugn co., J\\ Car. : 157 m. N.^. 
I'aleigh. 

Stony ITill, p. o., Eichmon.l en., Jlrr/, : 47 ni. E. N. E. 
EichmoiH-1. 

Stony Mocnt, p. o., Brunswick co., Virff. : CT m. S. by W. 
Kichmond, 

Stony Point, p. o., White co., Arl: : 49 m. N. E. LittN.- 
Knck. 
Stony Point, p. o., E. Baton Kouge par., La. 
Stony Point, p. o., Alexan«ler co., S. Car. : 129 ni. "W. 
Raleigh. 

Stony Point, Rnckland co., Al Y. : is a liich rocky pro- 
montory at the Iiea'l of IlavLTstraw hay. in UuiJson r., on 
which was a fort during the Kcvohitidnary "War. bravtiy 
taken by storm frora the British on the niglit of July IGth, 
1779, by the zXmericans under Gen. Wayne. A lighthouse 
has been erected on the site of the old fnrU 

Stony Point, p. v., Abbeville district, S. Car. : 65 ra. 
W. N. W. Cohuubia. 

Stony Poi>t, p. o., Bradley county, Tenn. : 125 m. S. E. 
Nashville. 

Stony Point, p. c, Albemarle co., Yirg. : CI m. W. N.W. 
Richmond. 

Stony Point, p. o., .Tackson co., Mo.: 12(1 m. W. bvN. 
Jcffersnn Cily. 

Stony Point Mili-s, p. v., Cumberlau'l co., Virg.: on 
■\V. bank of Appomattox r., 42 m. W. by S. Richmond. 

Stony Ridge, p. v.. Wood eo., Ohio: at the .source of a 
Btn-;im n..wing N. E. into Lake Erie, lii7 m. N. by W. 
Columbus. 

Stony Kipge, p. o., Surry co.. A' Car.: 121 m. N. W. 
Ealeij.'h. « 

Stony Run, p. o., Genesee co., MU:h.: 46 m. E. N. E. 
Lansing. 

Stokbvtlle. p. v., Anderson dist., ^S'. Car. : 5 m. E. of the 
Savannah r., 121 m. W, by N. Columbia. 

Stormvili-b, p. o., Duchess county, A'l T : 1 m. S. of the 
Fishkili, :■< m. S. Albany. 

Stoer's, p. o., Hamilton county, Ohio: % ni. S. W. 
Columbus. 

Stoer's, sta., Henrico county, Yirg.: on Virginia Central 
Railroad, G in. N. by E. Richmond. 

Stouy county, Ta. Situate centrally, and -contain.s f>76 
gq. ni. Drained by Skunk r. and its tributaries. Surface 
undulating; soil fertile, and consists of a deep black nioM, 
adapted to wheat and grain, and favorable to the cuUivatinn 
of fruit, api>lt-'S, pears, and peaches of good quality being 
produced. Erected since ISoO. 
Story, p. o., Ogle Co.. lU. : \^o m. N. by E. Springfield. 
SToucnnuEO, p. o., Berks county, Penn.: 35 ni. N. E. 
Harrisburg. 

STOt'GusTowN, p. v., Cumberland county, Penn.: 29 m. 
W. S. W. Harrisburg. 

Stoi'c-.iiton, t.. p. v., and sta., Norfolk co., Mass. : 19 m. 
6. Boston. Drained by head branches of Neponset r. 'The 
V. contains 1 woolen and 2 cotton factories, and 4 church>'s. 
Here terminates the Stougbton Branch R. R., 4 m. lung, 
which conneels with Boston and Providence R. R. :it Can- 
Ion. The v. an'l t. ore noted for the manufacture of booi.s 
and shoes. The Fall River R. R. touches the K. bnnb'r of 
th<- 1 at East Stoughlon. Pop. of L in 1S40, 2.142 ; in 1S'>0, 
3,.->94. 
SiouGnTON, t. and p. o., Dane co.. Wine. Pop. 70. 
Stoct's, p. 0., Adams coxinty, Ohio : 79 m. S. by W. 
Columbus. 

Stout's, p. c, Northampton county, Pen7i. : 83 m. N. F. 
Harrisburg. 

Stout's Grove, p. o., M'Lean county, III. : in N. W. 
comer of county, 57 m. N. N. E. Springfield. 

Stovkr, p. 0., Dallas county, Ark. : 55 m. S. by W. 
Little Rock. 



- STR 

Sto%-ee'8 pLAnn, p. o., Centre co., Penn.: 07 m. N. W. 
Harrisburg. 

Stovertown, p. o., Muskingum county, Ohio: 51 m. E. 
Columbus. 

Stow, t. and p. v., Oxford county, M^. : 03 m. W. by S. 
Augusta. P.oumled W. Iiv New Hampshire. H contains 
several ponds, tlie outleta of which flow into Suco r. Pop. 
of t. 471. 

Stow, t. and p. o., Middlesex co., il/'.f.sMj. .- 24 m. W. by N. 
Boston. Drained by A.nsobet river, which affords water- 
power. The t. contains several grist and saw mills, and 
has considerable manulaetures. The Lancaster and Ster- 
liug Braneh R. R. (from South Acton, on Fitchburc R. R. 
to Feltonville) runs u])on its E. border. Pop. 1,4.^5. 

Stow, t. and p. v., Summit county, Ohio: lU m. N. E. 
Columbus. Drained by Cuyahoga r. an<l one of its branches, 
affording excellent water-iiower. Surliice rolling; soil fer- 
tile, and in a good state of cultivalioii. The Pennsylvania 
and Ohio Canal crosses the S. part, and the Akron Branch 
of the Cleveland and Pittsburg R. R. passes through the v. 
Bituminous coal of a superior quality is found in the 8. W. 
uf the town. It haa several stores, mills, etc. Population 
oft 1,702. 

Stowe, t and p. v., Lamoille co., Yer?}}. : 16 m. N. N. W. 
Monlpclier. Surface level; soil fertile. Drained by Water- 
bury r. and its branches, which flow S. into Onion r., and 
afford water-power. Tlio t. contains a woolen factory, 2 
tanneries, and mills of various kinds. Pop. oft. 1.771. 

Stowell'9 Corners, p. o,, Jefferson county, y. V. : 152 m- 
N. W. Albany. 

Stow's Ferry, p. o., Tallapoosa co., Afa.: 42 m. N. E. 
Montgomery. 

Stow's SycARE, p. o., Lewis co., A^ Y.: 123 m. N. W. 
Albany. 

Stowsville, p. o., Gaston co., IT. Car. : 1.S3 m. W. S. W. 
Raleigh. 

Stoyestown, p. v., Somerset co., P,viv. : on W. side of 
Stony cr., 107 m. W. by S. Harrisburg. N<ar the v. are 2 
furnaces; annual capacity 700 and ],4(H) tons: and a forge 
producing annually ;5() tons bar iron. The village has some 
yther manufactures, mills, etc. 

Straeane, p. v.. Lenoir co., N. Car.: on the S. side of 
Ncuse r., G3 m. S. E. Cohmibia. 

Strabane, t and p. o., Washington cp., Peiin. : 170 m.W. 
Harrisburg. Drained by Charliers and Little Charliers 
creeks, uniting on its N. W. boundary. Surface uneven ; 
soil fertile. It contninnd in 1S50, 8 schools and 2(il) scholars, 
male and female. Pop. about 1,2.'>0. 

Straffoed county, Al Ifinnp. Situate toward the S. E., 
and contains 403 sq. m. Drained by Lamprey. Isinglass, 
and Cocheco rivers. Surface various, and diversified with 
small ponds; soil in most parts forlile, and producing good 
crops of grain, etc. Agriculture is much attended to by a 
large number of the population. Chief products, wheat, In- 
dian com, an<I potatoes. Farms 1,844; manuf. .S94; dwell. 
4.7G4, and pop.— wh. 29.:^27, fr. col. 37— total 2i»,.?(vl. Cap- 
ital: Dover. Pnhlic. Work.'i : CochrcoR. R,; Great Falls 
and Conway R- R. ; Boston nnd Maine R. It. 

Strafford, t. and p. v., Strafford co., N. ITamp. : 20 m. 
E. liy N. Conford. Blue Hill crosses ila N: part. Drained 
in its N. part by branches of Simconk r.. and in S. part by 
Isinglass r.. flowing from Bow Pon<l, in its S. W. part (2 m. 
Inn". H ni. wide), into Cocheco r. The L has generally a 
fertile soil, abounds with flno scenery, and contains four 
churches. Pop. oft 1,920. 

Stkafi-orii, t and p. v., Orange co., Yerm. : 31 m. 8.S. E. 
Montpelier. Surface uneven; soil fertile. Drained by a 
branch of Ompompanoosuc r., which affords water-power, 
in the S. E. comer is a bed of sulphurot of iron, half a mile 
Ions. 3 rods wide, anri of unknown depth, fr-wn wlilch large 
quantities are annually taken. The prim-ifial cotnr),'iny en- 
caged in the rnainifacture of copperaa therefrom has a cap- 
itaf of *4<),000. Pop. of U 3 ,546. 



STIl 



STU 



Strafford Cokneb, p. o., Strafford co., N. Ilamp. : 22 ra. 
E. by N. Concord. 

Straight Fouk, p. o., Campbell coiinly, Tenn. : 187 m. 
E. by N. Nashville. 

Strait's LvUiK, p. o., Oakland co., Mich. : 59 in. E. by S. 
Lansing. 

Straitsville, p. 0., New ITaven co., Conn. 

Stkaitsville, p. v., Pi-rry county, Ofdo: 48 tn. S. K. by E. 
Coluiubua. In Us vicinity (in Salt Lii-k t.) are lound im- 
mense deposits of biluniinons coal, stune of the strata of 
which have bL'cn found to be 90, 112, and l:tS feet deep. A 
vein of carbonate of iron h foiuui 10 m. S. of this coal-bed. 

Steasruro, p. v., Tuscarawas county, Ohio : on the W. 
side of a branch of the Tuscarawas river, 84 m. N. E. 
Columbus. 

SxRiSBURG, t. and p. v., Lancaster co.,7Vnn..- 43 m.S. E. 
Harriaburg. Drained by Little Beaver cr. Pecqut-a cr., on 
its N. and "W. bnundjiry, affords valuable water-power; and 
on its bank are several inill-seata. Surface hilly ^ eoil fi-rtile, 
and much grain is raised. The v. is 2 m. W. Mine Ridge 
Mountain, and contains an academy and several stores. 
Pop. of t. 4,7:34. 

Strasdurg, sta., Blair CO., Pemi. : on the Baltimore and 
Susquehanna K. K., 43 m. S. liarrisburg, and 39 m. N. 
Baltimore. 

Stbasbubg, p. v.. Shenandoah co., Vit-g. : on N. branch 
of Shenandoah r., 109 m. N. N. "W. Kiehmond. The inhab- 
itants are chiefly of German origin. Tlie v. contains 3 
churches, several mechanic shops, stores, etc., and is on the 
line of the Manassas Gap R. U. Pop. 600. 

Strata, p. o.,- Montgomery county, Aux. : 72 m. S. S. E. 
Milled geville. 

Stratford, t. and p. 0., Fulton county, N". Y. : 56 m. 
N. W. Albany. Surface hilly; soil best :ida|)ted to grazing. 
Drained by East Canada creek and its branches, upon 
which are numerous saw-mills. Fish lake on its E. border 
is a handsome sheet of water. Pop. SOI, 

Stratford, t., p. v., and sta., Fairfield county. Conn. : on 
W. side of Ilousatouic r., at its entrance into Long Island 
Sound, 14 m. S. W. New Haven. Lat. 41° 11' OT" N. ; 
long. 7S0 OS' 4o" W. Surface geiu;rally level; soil fertile, 
especially on the r. and harbor. Tlio village is chiefly one 
street 1 m. long, paralU-I to the r., and pleasantly ornamented 
with shade trees, and contains 5 churches, an academy, etc. 
The Episcopal church was founded in 1723, and is the old- 
cat of the denomination in the State. The t. hasonsiilcrable 
inland and coasting trade. The New York and New Haven 
H. R. passes through the v., 62 m. from New York, 14 ni. 
fn>m New Haven, and with it the Naugaluck R. R. ton- 
nects at Stratford Junction, 1 m. from the v. Pop. of t. iu 
1840, 1,80S; in 1850, 2,040. 

Stratford, p. 0., Delaware county, Ohio: 19 ra. N. 
Columbus. 

Stratford, t., p. o., and sta,, Coos co., iV. Ilamp. : on E. 
side of Connecltent r., 106 m. N. Coticord. Surface rough ; 
soil mostly sterile. Drained by small streams. The Atlantic 
and St Lawrence K. R. runs along the r., having stations 
at Stratford Hollow, 127 m. ; and North Stralfurd, 134 m. 
from Portland. Pop. in 1S40, 441 ; in 1S50, 552. 

Steatham, t., p. v., and sta., Rockingham eo., 2^. /Tamp. : 
34 m. E. S. E. Concord. Bounded W. by Pquamscot or 
Exeter r. flowing into Great bay. Surface level; soil 
generally fertile. The inhaltitants are chiefly engaged in 
farming. In its E. part is a large peat swamp. The IV>rt8- 
mouUi and Concord R. R. passes through, S m. from 
Portsmouth, 39 m. from Concord. Pop. S-13. 

Stratton, t. and p. o., Windham county, Fervn. .* 90 
miles S. by W. Montpelicr. This is a mountainous town 
bordering on the Green Mountain Range, with poor soil. 
Pop. 2SC. 

Btratton's Faus, p. o., Delaware county, A^. Y. : 73 m- 
W. B. W. Albany. 
Btrattonvillk, p. v., Clarion co., /Vnn.; 144 m. N. W. 



Ilarrisburg. There is a steam furnace in the vicinity, with 
an annual capacity of 1,350 tons. 

Straustown, p. v., Berks county, Penn. : 39 m. N. E. 
Ilarrisburg. 

Stbawukurt Flaws, p. v., JeflTerson co., Tfnn,: on 3. 
side Ilolslon r., 171 m. E. Nasliville. The E. Tunnessee and 
Virginia R. 11. passes through the village. 

Strawhridgk, p. o., Y'ork county, J'etm.: 85 m. S. S. E. 
Ilarrisburg. 

Strawtown, p. v., Hamilton county, Ind. : on E. bank of 
White r., 25 m. N. by E.^ludiauiipnlis. It was once an 
Indian town, and derives its name from a house In it, 
thatched with straw. It is pleasantly located, and contains 
about 200 inhabitants. 

Sti:f.etsisoro', t and p. v., Portage county, Ohio: IIT m. 
N. E. Columbus. Surface gently uneven. Drained by 
Cuyahoga r. and one of its branches. The Cleveland and 
Pittsburg R. R. passes across the S. W. corner of the town. 
Pop. of t. 1,10s. 

Street's Run, p. v., Alleghany co., Pain. : on Mononga 
hela r., -t -m. S. E. Pittsburg; 157 m. W. Harrisburg. 

Strickersville, p. v., Chester county, J'enn. : on a small 
stream flowing E. into the Delaware river, G7 m. S. E. 
Ilarrisburg. 

Strickland's^ P- o-» Ware county, Ga.: 114 m S. S. E. 
Milledgeville. 

Strickland's DepSt, p. v. and sta., Duplin co., Al Car.: 
on the Wilmington and Weldon U. R., 37 m. S. Goldsboro', 
and S7 m. S. S. E. Ualeigh. 

Stricklakd's Ferry, sta., Kennebec co., Me. : on Andros- 
coggin river and R. R., 12 m. from Leeds sta., 21 m. W. 
Augusta. 

Strinestown, p. v., York county, Pontu: 13 m. S. E. 
Harrisburg. 

String Prairie, p. o., Lee eo. la. : 69 ft. S. Iowa City. 

String Prairie, p. 0., Burleson co., 'J'tx. : 66 m. E. by N. 
Austin City. 

Stringtown, p. v., Richland co., PL : on the border of a 
fertile prairie, 110 m. S. E. Springfield. 

Stringtown, p. o., Kipley county, Ind.: 65 miles S. E. 
Indianapolis. 

Stiiode. p. o., Culpepper county, llrff. : 65 m. N. N. W. 
Richmond. 

Strodk's Mills, p. o., Mifflin co., Penn.: 49 m. N. W. 
Harrisburg. 

Strong, t. and p. v., Franklin co., M^. : 4S in. N. W. by N. 
Augusta. Surfiice uneven in the S. ; well watered by 
ji^andy r., alopg which is a fine tract of fertile intervale. The 
v. is very pleasant. Pop. of 1. 1,008. 

Stronostown, p. r., Indiana co., Penn. : on Yellow cr., 
lOS m. W. by N. Harrisburg. 

Stkosobvili.e, I. and p. v., Cuyahoga connty, Ohio : 14 m. 
S. S. W. Cleveland, 105 m. N. E. Columbus. W.itered by 
E. branch of Rocky r., upon which the v. is situated. The 
v. contains several mills, stores, etc., and 3 churches. Pop. 
of 1. 1.199. 

SxRornsnrRo, p. v., and cap. Monroe co., Penn. : on Iho 
N. bank of Smilhfleld cr., 8 m. N. W. fi-om Delaware Gap, 
95 ni. N. E. Harrisburg. It is built upon one street, and 
contains a court-bouse, jail, and other public buildings, a 
forge moved by water-power, producing 2S0 tons annu- 
ally, several mills, etc. Two weekly newspapers are pub- 
lished : ".Tetfersonian Republican" (whig), and "Monroe 
Democrat" (dom.) Pop. S41. 

Strvkersvillk. p. v., Wyoming co., K, Y. : on Buffalo 
creek. 244 m. W. Albany. It contains 2 churches, a few 
mills, etc. Pop. ahout 250. 

Stimp Bridge, p. o., Madison county, Miu.: 25 m. N 
Jackson. 

Sti'rbrtdgk, t. and p. v., "Worcester co., Mam. : 55 m. 
W. S. W. Boston. Surface uneven— finely watered by 
Quinncbaug r. and its numerous branches, some of which 
flow through fine fish-ponds. Water-power is afforded by 



STU 



SUQ 



Iho Quinnebaug, and improved by factories of coltou goods, 
grist and saw mills, etc. Tho v. at the centre contains 2 
clmrclies. Pop. of t. 2.1 19. 

Bturgeonvillic, p. o., Brunswick county, Virg.: 5S ra. 
fi. by W. Ilichmoii<J. 

teTLUGis, t p V and sta.,St. Joseph's CO., Mich.: 83 m. 
B.W. Lansing. Tiie entire I. Is pari of u ricU track ofpruirie 
land. It is crossed by the Michigan Southern and Northern 
Indiana K. li., on wliieli tlie village is located, 131 m. from 
Chicago, 116 m. from Monroe. Pop. of t. 839. 

yTUTVESANT, t. and p. v., Coliimbia co., N. Y.: on E. 
sitle of Hudson river, and on Hudson Itiver H. K., IS m. S. 
Albany. Surface hilly, with productive soil. The v. on the 
river was formerly called Kinderhook Landing. It has con- 
sitlerable business with New York in supplying country 
produce. Pop. of t. 1,TG0. 

Stutvesant Falls, p. v., Columbia county, JVI Y,: on 
Kinderhotik cr..which furnishes fine water-power to various 
niilla, 23 m. S. Albany. 

Sublett's Tavkun, p. o., Powliatan co., Vir(/. : 21 m. W. 
Kiehmond. 

SuRLujNA, p. 0., Chattooga county, Crci. : 153 m. N. W. 
JJilledgevillc. 

Sicciiss, p. o., Suffolk co., iV: Y.: 131 ra. S. E. by S. 
Albany. 

SucKASuN.NY, p. v., Morris co., iV. Jer. : 45 m. N. by E. 
Trenton. 

Sudbury, t and p. v., Middlesex co., 3fitss. : 20 m. "VV. 
Boston. Bounded E. by Sudbury r., a branch of Concord 
river. The inhabitants are chiefly engaged In agricultural 
pursuits. Tlie v. at the centre is very pleasant. Popula- 
tion of t. 1,57S. 

SrunuKY, t. and p. v., Rutland co., Venn.: 45 m. S. W. 
Mnulpelier. Otter cr. forms part of its K. boundary. Sur- 
face elevated an<i uiieven. Pop. of t. 794. 

SuDLEnsviLLK, p. v., Queen Anne co., Md. : on the W. 
side of the upper course of Tuckahoe cr., 42 m. E. by N. 
Annapolis. 

Sri-iEitN, p. 0. and sta., Kockland co., I/. Y.: on Erie 
E. P.., at junction of Union R. li., 112 ni. S. by W. Albany. 
The vicniily is interesting, from its romantic scenery and 
Revolutionary history; and is noted for its abundant iron ore. 

SuFfTELO. t and p. v., Uarlford co., Conn. : on W. side of 
Conneclieul r., and liounded N. Uy Massachusetts, lt> ni. N. 
IlarLfinl. Surf:ice diversified; soil fertile loam, but with- 
out alluvial meadows, owing to the elevated banks, and 
ofTording some of the best farms in the Slate. The v., on 
one street, one mile long, is pleasantly built on elevated 
ground, commanding fine views of the river and vicinity. 
The Connecticut Literary Insiilulion, here located, was 
founded by the Baptists in lS;i5; it bus a brick edifice, four 
stories high, and employs four teachers. The v. and t. have 
considerable manufactories. Pop. of t. 2.962. 

8uFFii:Lri, t. and p. o., Portage co., Ohio: lOS m. N. E. 
Columbus. Drained by branches of Cuyahoga r. Surface 
gently uneven. Pop. 1,275. 

Suffolk county, Munh. Situate E., and contains 109 
sq. ni. Drained principally by Uie Charles r. It consists 
of Boston and Chelsea, in coimeclion with several small 
islands. Surface generally level ; soil ferlile. Chief pnid- 
uctj», wheat, Indi.-ui corn, and potatoes. This county has 
ma'hy extensive manufactures, and is at the ])res(;nt time 
Uie mosl important in the State, the city of Boston constitut- 
ing the greater part of ils area. Farms 76: manuf. 1,9S9; 
dwell. 16.567, and pop.— wh. M2,4a4, fr. col. 2.023— total 
142.507. Oipital: llosU.n. PuhlicWorkft: Eastern R. R. ; 
Boston and Maine R. R. ; Norfolk" County E. R. ; Boston 
and Lowell R. R. ; Filehbufg R. R. ; Boston and Woree.Hlcr 
E. R. ; Boston and Providence R. R. ; Old Colony R. R. ; 
Grand Junction R. R., etc. * 

Suffolk county, N. Y. Comprehends the P'. portion of 
IjOng Island, with several considerable islands, the prin- 
cipal of which are Fisher's, Shelter, and Gardiner's islands, 

i 



and contains 976 aq. m. Surface hilly and broken: soil a 
sandy loam. It contains extensive salt meadows, and haa 
some minerals. Chief products, wheat and Inditm corn. 
Salt is extensively manufactured. Fishing is much follow- 
ed by Ihe inhabitants. Farms 323; manuf OG; dwell. 6,745, 
■uid pop.— wh. 84,si)9, fV. col. 2,113— total 36,923. CapiUd : 
Sulfolk C. 11. PitUiit Works: Long Island i;. R. 

Suffolk, sUi., SutTolk co., iV. }'. .- in UV\\} t., on Long 
Island R. R., 43 ni. fi-om N.-w York. 

Suffolk, p. v., stjL, and cap.Natisemond county, Vinj.: 
on Nansemond r., 72 m. S. !■.. by S. Richmond. The Sea- 
lt>ard and Roaiuike R. li. pjisses through, 17 m. from 
Porlsnumlli, 63 m. from Weldon; as will also the Peters- 
burg and Norfolk R. R., now in construction. The v. con- 
tains the county buildings and 4 churches. The "Suffolk 
Intelligencer" (whig), and " Nansemond Chronicle"' are 
semi-weekly issues. Pop. about 1.700. 

Suffolk Cotrux-nouSE, p. o,, Suffolk county, iV. 5". (.SVd 
RiVEauEAn.) 

Sugar Cueijk, p. o., Telfair co., Gn.: 77 m. S. by E. 
Milledgeviilo. 

Si"GAR Creek, p. v., Hancock co., Xnd. : on the N. bank 
of a stream so called, 14 m. E. by S. Indianapolis. 

SuaAF. Creek, p. o., Crawford co., Peini. : near a lake so 
called, 1S3 m. N. "W. Harrisburg. A furnace operated by 
steam, near here, has an amuial capacity of ],10l) tons. 

Su«;ar Creek, p. o., Lawrence co., Tenn.: 69 m. S. S.W. 
Nashville. 

SiHJAK Creek, t. and p. o., ■\\'.iIworlh co.. Wine: 47 ra. 
S. E. Madison. Drained by branches of Fox r. There are 
several small ponils in the town. Surface level, consisting 
of timber and prairie land ; soil of great ferlilily. Pitpu- 
l!iti(m 1,229. 

SroAP. GitovE, p. o., Pendleton co., Virg. : 12S m. N. W 
Richmond. 

SuflAU GiujVR, p. o., Kano co.. III.: on Blackberry cr. of 
Illinois r., U9 ni. N. E. Sprinsjfleld. 

SnOAR Grove, p. o., Tippecanoe co., /"'/. ; 159 m. N. "VV. 
Indianapolis. 

SuoAP. Grove, p. o., Fairfield county, Ohio: 24 m. S. E. 
Columbus. 

SiuJAP. Grove, p. v., Powe.shick co., I<i.: on a branch of 
Soulh fork, Skunk r., 64 m. W. Iowa Cily. 

SuoAK Gkove, p. o., Butler county, Ky.: 113 m. S. W. 
I'rankfort. 

StTGAB Grovk, p. o., Ashe co., K. Car.: on the W. side 
of Watauga r., 1S3 m. W. by N. Raleigh. 

SuoAR Grove, t and p. v., Warren co., Pfiui.: 173 m. 
N. W. Harrisbnrg. Drained by Jackson's iiun. Siillw:dt-r 
cr, and other tributaries of Conewango cr., allording execl- 
li'ut mill-power. Surface undulating ; soil moderately fer- 
tile. Tiu^ V. on Stillwater cr. is surrounded by groves of su- 
gar maples, and e<»ntains several mills, etc. 

ScGAR Hill, p. o., Panola co., Tex. : 251 m. N. E. by E. 

.\iisti[i. 

SiMJAii Iln.L, p. o., Gra/lon co., N. ITamp. : 72 m. N. by W 
Concord. 

Sugar Hill, p. o., Steuben co., N^. Y. : 1T2 m. W. by S. 
Albany. 

Sr<:AR Hu.L, p. o., M'Dowell connty, N. On:: 191 m. W 
Raleigh. 

SuoAi; Hill, p. c, Ilall county, Ga. : 93 m. N. N. "W. 
Milledgeville. 

Si'flAR Lakk, p. o., Crawford co., Penn.: near a lake so 
called, ISS m. N. W. Harrisburg. 

SudAR Land, p. o., Matagorda co., Tex.: 142 m. S. E. 
Austin. 

Sugar Loaf, p. v., Orange co., N. Y. : 102 m. S. by W. 
Albany. 

Sugar Loaf, p. c, Sebastian co., Ark. : 107 m. W. by N. 
Little Rock. 

SuGARi-oAF mountain, Frederick co., Md. : a conspicuous 
elovaliou near Monocacy r., in the S. part of the c<'Uoty. II 

S25 



SITG 



SUL 



Is the soulhem termination of the ridge called Catoctiu 
Mountain, traversing in a N. and S. direction. 
SuGAK UuN, p. 0., Bnulford co., Penn.: 99 ni. N. TTarrisburg. 
8iiGAitT')WN, p. 0., Chester county, Penn.: 63 ra. E. S. E. 
Ilarrisburf;. 

Si'GAK TiiKE. p. 0., Pittsylvania co., Yii-g.: IGO m. S. TV. 
KichniDiid. 

Sugar Tukb Eidgk, p. o., Highland co., Ohio: 63 m. 
6. W. C'llunihus. 

StrcAR Vallby, p. 0., Murray co., Ga.: 160 ra, N. W. 
Milledgevllle. 

Sugar Valley, p. o., Preble co., 0?uo: 87 m. TV. 8. t/. 
O^lurabua. 

Sugar Valley, p. o., Clinton Co., Penn. ; 71 m. N. W. 
Harrisburg. 

SuGGsviLLK, p. v., Clark co., Ala.: 100 m. 8. "W. by W. 
Milledgeville. Pop. about 200. 

SuisuN, v., Solano co., Gidff. : is laid out on the W. bank 
of the Sacramento r., about 80 m. from San Francisco, half 
way between it and Sacramento City, and 80 miles E. from 
Vftilejo. The country surrounding the town, and the site 
itS'^If, is the first healthy and high ground after passing the 
tt(l6 marshes which lie at the junction of the Sacramento 
and San Joaquin. The town was surveyed and laid out by 
C. S. Lyman, and is a very pretty place. Large squares are 
reserved for a university and other public edifices, and lots 
are reserved for churches of every denomination. A com- 
modious square on the river is appropriated to tlio purposes 
of a market and a steamboat landing. The streets are very 
broad, and altogether it forms a picturesque appearance. 
It ia not supposed that this will ever become a great com- 
mercial position, but the beauty of the climate and scenery, 
and the agricultural capacities of the surrounding country, 
will eveniually make it the " Hyde Park" of California. 

SuisuN bay, Solano co., Calif. : an arm or division of San 
Francisco bay. It is connected with an expansion of the 
rivtr so called, formed by the junction of the Sacramento 
and San Joaquin, which enter San Francisco bay in the 
same latitude nearly as the mouth of the Tagus at Lisbon. 
A delta 25 m, iu length, divided into islands by deep chan- 
nels, connects the bay with the valleys of the San Joaquin 
and Sacramento, into the mouths of which the tide flows, 
and which enter the bay together as one river. The coun- 
try around Suisun bay presents low ridges and rounded 
hills clothed with wild oats and clover, and more or less 
openly wooded on their summits. The anchorage is good 
for vessels of the largest draught. 

Suisun valley, Solano co., Culi/. : N. of Suisun bay. and 
K. of Green Valley, G m. square, covered by Spanish grant, 
opens on the E. into Sacramento valk*y. The soil is exceed- 
ingly fertile and well cultivated. It is eiipeeially prolific in 
the grasses : the bay consists chiefly of wild oats and clover. 
Navigation is excellent. Large quantities of hay areshijiped 
from here, and six vessels are coustantly taking produce 
fnim the embarcadero. 

Sullivan county, Ind. Situate S. W. on the "Wabash r., 
and contains 43(1 sq. m. The interior is drained by Turn- 
man's, Turtle, and Busseron creeks. Surface generally 
level, an»l heavily timbered. The bottoms and prairies are 
of small extent. Many sections have excellent soil, and 
coal is fiiund ill abundance. Farms 1.215: manuf. 31; dwell. 
1,675, and |.op.— wh. 10,110, fr. col. 31— total 10,141. Capi- 
tal : Sullivan. 

Sullivan county, 3fo. Situate N., and contains 637 sq. m. 
Drained l)y Locust and Yellow cn-eks and their branches. 
Surface rolling and pleasantly diversified; soil very fertile, 
and produces abundantly wheat, Indian corn, and oats. 
The land is in general good, and in all (lortiuns where caro 
has been had to cultivation, is highly productive. Farms 
817; manuf. 5; dwell. 457, and pop.— wh. 2,895, fr. col. 0, 
b1. 8S— totid 2.0:^3. Capital: Milan. 

Sullivan county. JV^ Ilamp. Situate W. toward the 8. 
part of ih»^ Slate, and contains 616 sq. m. Drained by Sugar 



and Cold rivers and their tributaries, which furnish abund- 
ant water-power to the county. Surface, though elevated, 
is not mountainous ; soil rich and very productive, particu- 
larly along the Connecticut, which forms its W. boundary. 
It has numerous ponds and lakes, the principal of which is 
Sunapee lake, toward the S. E. Principal products wheat, 
Indian corn, and potatoes. Farms 2129; manuf. 141; 
dwell. 3,649, and pop.— wh. 19,341, fr. col. 34— total 19,375. 
Capital: Newport. Piitlic Works : Sullivan R. 11. 

SuLLrvAN county, N. '^. Situate toward the S. E., and 
contains 784 sq. m. Drained by Mongoup and Nevcrsink 
rivers, branches of the Delaware, and Bashe's, Beaver, and 
Little Beaver kills. Surface hilly, and in some parts mount- 
aiiioup, and well suited for grazing; soil various, but in 
general fertile, and in the'valleys adapted to the raising of 
grain, etc. Chief products wheat and Indian corn. It con- 
tains several minerals. Near Wartzboro' lead ore of a good 
quality is found. Farms 1,889; manuf. 860; dwell. 4,355, 
and pop.— wh. 24,996, fr. col. 92— total 25,0S?. Capital: 
Monticello. Ptiblia Wor^:a : New York and Erie R. H. ; 
Delaware and Hudson Canal. 

Sullivan county, Penn. Situate toward the N. E., and 
contains 434 sq. m. Drained by Plunket's cr., a tributary 
of Susquehanna river. Surface uneven ; soil fertile, adapt- 
ed to wheat and Indian corn. Farms 425; manuf. 26; 
dwell. 66'l, and pop.— wh. 3,6S3. fr. col. 11— total 3,694. 
Capital : Laporte. PuUic Works : Towanda K. 11. 

Sullivan county, Teiin. Situate N. E., and contains 524 
sq. m. Holston r. passes through it from E. to W., by which 
and its affluents it is drained. Surface mountainous; soil 
consists of deep loam with clay intermixed, and productive, 
fine crops of wheat and Indian corn being raised, and 
•adapted to the culture of tobacco. Timber is found on the 
land. Farms SI6; manuf. 15; dwell. 1,826. and pop.— wh. 
10.G05, fr. col. 183, si. 1.004— total 11,742. Capital: Blountr 
ville. Public Workfi: East Tennessee and Virginia R. R. 
SuLLFVAN, p. v., Moultrie CO., III. : on the E, of a branch 
of Kaskaskia r., 53 m. E. by S. Springfield. 

SiTLLTVAN, t. and p. o., Tioga co., Penn. : 103 m. N. Har- 
risburg. Drained by branches of Tioga r. Surface uneven ; 
soil of inferior quality, well timbered. It contains numer- 
ous saw and other milts. Pop. about 1,500. 

Sullivan, p. v., and cap. Sullivan co., Ijid. : on the left 
bank of lUisserou creek, 75 m. S. W. Indianapolis. It was 
laid out in 1842, and contains a courl-hMUsc, jail, county 
seminary, and two churches. 
SuLnvAN, p. o., Jackson co., Ja. : 67 m. N. E. Iowa City. 
Sullivan, t. and p. v., Hancock co., Me.: at the head of 
Frenchman's bay, with Taunton bay on the \V., 82 m. E. 
by N. Augusta. The outlet of a pond in the N. E. part 
fiows into Frenchman's bay, and furnishes mill privileges, 
lis location for navigation is good, and it has some ship- 
building. There are some light manufactories of woolen 
goods, flour, and lumber in the town. The v. is located on 
Taunton bay. at wliich point a bridge l,4(i0 feet long con- 
nects the town with Hancock. Pop. of t 810. 

Sullivan, t. and p. v., Cheshire co., ^V. Hamp.: 36 m. 
S. W. Concord. Drained by a branch of Ashnelot r., cros^ 
ing its S. E, part. Incnrporated in 1787. Water privileges 
are good, and it contains several mills. The village is in the 
centre of the town. Pop. of t 468. 

Sullivan, p. o., Ashland county, Ohio: 66 m. N. N. E. 
Columbus. 

Sullivan, t, and p. o., Jefferson county, Wiac. : 41 niilea 
E. I)y S. Madi.son, Drained by branehes of liock river. 
Surface various; soil very fertile: grain and grass thrive 
equally, and this is a good farming town. Pop. S72. 

Sullivan's island, Charleston dist.,iS. Car. : a small island 
lying at the mouth of Charleston harbor. It is resorted to by 
the citizens of Charleston fur tBe eryoyment of its Bcenery 
and salubrious atmosphere. 

SuLnvANA'TLLE, p. o., Chemuug county, X. Y. : 160 miles 
S. W. by W. Albany. 



SUL 



SUM 



Sulphur Bluff, p. o., Hopk-ins co., Te^.: 252 m. N. E. 
Austin City. 

Suij-HUE Hill, p. o., Shelby county, I/ul. : 25 miles S. E. 
Indianapolis. 

* Sulphur Lick, p. o., Lincoln county. Mo. : 73 miles N. E. 
Jefferson City. 

Sl'lpuue Lick, p. o., Monroe co., Kij.: 109 m. S. by W. 
Frankfort. 

HcLPuuR Rock, p. o., Imlependenfe county, ArA: : on a 
br:ui<-h of White r., DO m. N. N. E. Lillle Uock. 

SuLPQUR Spring, p. o., Crawford county, Ohio: 57 m. N. 
Goiuniljus. 

. Sulphur Spring valley, Solano co., Calif.: rims up from 
Sui^un bay, 2 miles N. of Bt-nieia and near Vallejo, from lOo 
to 40i> yards wide, and winds Ihroufjh the Suscul Hills for 5 
or 6 miles. The soil ia rich and well watered. The springs 
located here are of good teniiK-rature for bathing. 

Sulphur Springs, p. v., Williamson county. III.: on the 
Sangamon and Massac K. It., 155 ni. S. S. E. Springfield. 

Sulphur Springs, p. o., Madison co.. Miss.: 27 m. N. 
Jackson. 

Sulphur Springs, p. o., Henry co., Ind.: 39 m. N. E. 
In<lianapi>li3. 

Sulphur Springs, p. v., Jefferson co., Mo.: on the "W. 
side of the Mississippi river. 96 m. E. by S. Jefferson City. 
There are a number uf springs in the vicinity, and iron ore 
and lead also abound. 

Sttlphur Springs, p. c, Cherokee co., TVw. .• 191 m. N. E. 
Austin City. 

Sulphur Springs, p. o., Benton county, Ala. : 103 miles 
N. E. by N. Montgomery. 

Sulphur Springs, p. v., Hhea co., Tfnn. : on the "W. 
bank of the Tennessee r., Ill m. E. S. E. Nashville. 

Sulphur Well, p. c, Shelby co., Tejm. : ISS m. W. S.W. 
Nashville. 

Summerfield, p. v., Dallas co., Al^fi. : on a branch of the 
Cahawba r., 49 m. W. by N. Montgomery. 

Su.mmkrfield, t. and p. v., Monroe county, Mich, : 11 m. 
S. E. Lansing. Drained by Itaisin r. Surfiice rolling, with 
prairie land and good timber ; soil fertile, producing excel- 
k'ut grain ; and some sheep and hogs are raised. Th*^ v. is 
on the Raisin r., and contains several niiils, etc. The Mich- 
ig;in SouthtTH and Northern Indiana R. R. crosses the N. 
part, on which is Petersburg statiou, 23 miles W. Monroe. 
Top. of t. 472. 

Summerfield, p. v., Guilford co., K. Car. : 71 m. N. W. 
Raleigh. 

Su-mmf-bfield. p. v., Noble co., Ohio : on the E. boundary, 
65 m. E. by S. Columbus. 

SirMMERFORD, t. and p. v., Madison co., Ohio: 24 m. W. 
Columbus. Drained by the head walers of Deer cr. tribut- 
ary of Scioto r., affording good mill-power. The v. Is on the 
cr. I'op. of v. 139, and of the t. 755. 

Summer Grove, p. o., Smith county, Ter. .■ 209 m. N. E. 
Austin City. 

SiTMMKi: Hill, t; and p. v., Cayuga co., N. Y. : 134 m. W. 
Albany. Drained by the head branches of Fall creek. Sur- 
face hilly; soil of moderate fertility. It ci>n tains several 
mills and a Umnery. The v. is on a branch of Fall creek. 
Pop. of t. 1.251. 

SuMMKi: Hill, t. and p. v., Cambria oo., Penn. : 101 m.^V. 
by N. llarrisburg. Drained by branches of Kiskiminctas r., 
air<)rding power to several mills. It contains some light 
manufjictures. The Pennsylvania R. R. passes through the 
town, and a branch connecta it with Ebcusburg, about 11 
miles N. 

Summerset, p. v., Polk co., Ia.: on the N. side of Middle 
river branch of the Des Moines, 112 m. W. by S. Iowa City. 

SuMMERsviLLE, p. v., GrecHc CO., Ky.: on Pitman's cr., 
W m. S. by W. Frankfort. 

SuMMEF^sviLLE, p. V., Jeffcrsou CO., Penn. : 125 ra. N. "VT. 
Uarrisburg, 

SuMMERViLLE. p. v., and cap. Chattooga county, Ga. : on 



the W. bank of the Ch.iltonga branch of Coosa river, 153 hl 
N. W. MiHedgeville, and contains a court-house, jail, etc. 

SuMMERTiLLE, p. o., Cumberland county, N. Car. ; 41 m. 
S. W. Raleigh. 

SuMMERviLLE, p. V., Cftss CO., Mich.i ou Dowagiakc r., 
101 m. 8. W. Lansing. The country in the vicinity consists 
of dry prairie land. 

StrMMKRviLLE, p. V., Charleston <listriet, S. Car.: on the 
South Carolina R. R., 22 m. N. W. CharKstuu, and 104 by 
railroai! S. E. Columbia. 

SuMMERViLLK, p. V., Rock CO., Wisc, : on the S. of Turtle 
cr., 47 111. S. E. JIadison. 

SuMiiERviLLE, p. 0., Booue CO., Mo. : 29 ra. N.W. Jefferson 
City. 

Summit county, Ohio. Situate toward Ihe N. E., and con- 
tains 532 sq. m. Cuyahoga river flows through the eeiitral 
portion, by which and its tributaries and by head branches 
of Tuscarawas river it is drained ; good water-power is 
supplied in their courses. Surface undulating, in parts 
hilly ; soil a rich vegetable moM, and produces in abund- 
ance wheat, Indian corn, and polatoes. Large numbers of 
cattle and hogs are fattened and sent to market, transporta- 
tion being greatly facilitated by means of Ihe Ohio Canal. 
Timber is e.\ported. Farms 2,329; manuf. 292; dwell. 
4,S35, and pop.— wh. 27,422, fr. col. G3— total 27.4S5. Cap- 
ital: Akron. Public Works: Cleveland and Pittsburg 
R. R. ; Cleveland, Zanesvilie and Cincinnati K. R. ; Ohio 
Canal, etc., 

Summit, p. o., Oakland county, Mich.: 57 miles E. by S. 
Lansing. 

Summit, p. o., Summit co., Ohio: lOS m. N. E. Columbus. 

Summit, sta., Licking co., Ohio : on the Central Ohio R. R., 
22 m. E. Columbus. 

SustMiT, p. v., Blount CO., Ala.: on the W. boundary hno 
of Marshall co., 12s ni. N. from Muntgoinery. 

Summit, p. o., Whitley county, Jnd. : 99 m. N. by E. 
Indianapolis. 

Summit, p. v. and sta., Essex co., iV. Jer.: on the E. of 
the Passaic r., on tlie Morris and Essex E. R., 13 m. W. from 
Newark, and 41 N. E. from Trenton. 

Summit, t., p. v., and sta., Schoharie co., K. Y.: 46 m. 
W. by S. Albany. Drained by Charlotte r., and tributaries 
of Schoharie cr. Surface high and hilly; .^oil adapted to 
grass. It contains several manufactories. The v. ia on a 
branch of the Schoharie cr. Pop. of t. 1,800. 

Summit, sta., Clinton co., iV. Y.: on the Nnrlhern (Og- 
densburg) R. R., 87 m. W. Rouse's Point, and 1G2 m. N. 
from Albany. 

Summit, p. o., Northampton co., K Car. : S5 ra. N. E. 
Raleigh. 

Summit, sta., Broome co., N. Y. : on the New York and 
Erie R. R.. 194 m. N. W. New York city, and lf'4 in. S. W. 
(<lirect) from Albany. Tlic road at this point lias been cut 
through a solid roek, at an expense of $2oo.O(tO. 

Si'MMiT, sta., Rutland co., Trt/w. ; on the r.utland and 
Buriinglon R. R., IS ra. S. Rutland, aud 72 m. S. W. 
Mont pel ier. 

Summit, p. v., Cambria co., Prnn.: on the head branch 
of Kiskiminctas r., and on (he PhMndelphia and Pennsyl- 
vania R. R., 150 m. W. by N. llarrisburg. A furnace of 
1,10(1 Inns annual capacity is near the village. 

Summit, sIil, Chester co., Penn. : on the Columbia and 
Philadelphia R. R., 44 m. E. by J*. llarrisburg. 

Summit, t. and p. v., Waukesha co., Wine: ,"57 m. E. 
Madison. Drained by branches of Rock nnil Fox creeks, 
and it has several ponds, which, with the streams, afford 
excellent water-power, and there are several nulls. Surface 
level, and well wooded ; soil ftrlilc. The v. is centrally 
situated. Pop. of t. l.OlJS. 

Summit Bridge, p. o., Newcastle co., D^l. : on the Chesa- 
peake aud Delaware Canal, 27 m. N. by W. Dover. At this 
point there is a bridge over a deep rut in the canal. 

SuuMFT Hill, p. v. and sta., Carbon co., Penn.: on th© 

S2T 



SUM 



SUN 



Mauch Chunk ami Summit Hill 11. R., 9 m. W. Mauch 
Cliuuk, and tU ra. N. E. Harrisburg. Coal is found in the 
vieiuity, and the inhabitants of the village are mostly em- 
ployed in the mines. Pop. 2,501. 

Summit Mills, p. p., Somerset co., Penn, : 113 m. W. S.W. 
Harrisburg. 

Summit Poixt, p. o., Jefferson co., Vit'g. : 117 m. N. by W. 
Kiehmond. 

SuMMiTTiLLK, p. V., Lee CO., /(/. ; 77 m. S. Iowa city. The 
Dubuque and Keokuk K. K. will pays through this village. 

SuMMiTviLLE, p. v., Madison county, yw. ; 30 m. K. E. 
Indianapolis. 

SiTMNER connty, Tenn. Situate N., and contains 49C 
sq. m. Drained by altluents of Cumberland river, which 
forms its sauthern boundary. Surface rolling; soil, which 
consists of a deep, black mold, is fertile, and well adapted to 
tobacco and cotton, large quantities of which are produced. 
Fine crops of wheat and Indian com are raised, and the 
county is generally rich in agricultural productions. Farms 
1,3-35-; manuf. 103; dwell. 2,555, and pop.— wh. 14,511, fr. 
col. 200, si. S,OOG— total 22,717. CnpitiU: Gallatin. Public 
TTorA'-s; Louisville and Nashville E. K. ; Nasliville and 
Cincinnati It. K. 

Sl-mnee, t and p. v., Oxford co., Me. : 33 m. W. Augusta. 
There is a pond in the W. part. Drained by a branch of 
the Androscoggin r. Surface undulating; soil fertile, and 
much grain is raised. The t contains several tanneries, 
mills, etc. East Sumner and West Sumner are the names 
of villages. Pop. of t 1,15L 

SiTMNETTOWN, p. v., Montgomery co., Penn. : on Perkio- 
man creek, and on line ftf Upper Salford and Marlboro' 
townships, 75 m, E. Harrisburg. In the v. is a furnace of 900 
Ions annual capacity, and a forge making 140 tons blooms 
and 100 tons bar iron, and powder is manufactured in the 
vicinity. 

Sumter county, Ala. Situate "W"., and contains 963 sq. m. 
Drained by affluents of Tonibigbee river and its W. fork. 
Surface hilly, and parlly broken ; soil in general fertile. On 
the streams are some line tracts of land very productive, and 
adapted to cotton and other agricultural productions. Farms 
6GS; manuf. 12; ilwell. 1,342, and pop.— wh. r,3G9, fr. col. 
o'.i. si. 14,331— total 22,250. Capital: Livingston. Public 
Works: Alabama and Mississippi E. 11. 

Sumter county, (?«.. Situate toward the S. W., and con- 
tains 5S9 sq. m. Drained by branches of l^'Iiut river. Surface 
varied ; soil fertile, and very proriuctive. Wht-at, Indian 
corn, and grain, are raised in considerable qnaniitie.t, but 
cotton isthes-lapk-. tlie land being well adapted to its growth. 
Apple, pear, and other fruit trees, are grown, and there is 
some good limber on the land. It contains some minerals. 
Farms 76S; manuf. 34; dwell. 1,109, and pop. — wh. 6,409, 
Ir. col. IS, si. 3,8;35— total 10,322. Capital: Americus. 
Public Worl~.s : South-Western E. E. 

SuMTEit district, X Car. Srituate S. E. centrally, and con- 
tains 1,391 sq. m. Drained by Black river and its l)ranclu's, 
and branches of Santee river. Surface level ; soil moderately 
fertile, being of a sandy nature. Chief productions rice, 
cotton, and Indian corn. Farms 1,343; manuf. 82: dwell. 
l.liOS, and pr)p.— wh. 9,S15, fr. col. 340, si. 23.065— total 
33.220. Capital: Sumterville. Public V.'arks: Wilniiogtoa 
and Mam-hcsler K. E. ; Camden IJranch E. E. ; Columbia 
Branch E. E. 

Sumter, p. o., Trinity co., Tex. : 161 m. N. E. by E. Austin 
City. 

Sumterville, p. v., Sumter co., Ala.: 119 m. W. by N. 
Montgomery. 

Sumterville, p. v., Lee co., Ga. : on a branch of Flint 
r.. 96 m. S. S. W. Milledgeville. 

Sumtervillb, p. v., Sumter dist., 5^ Car.: on the Wil- 
mington and Manchester E. E., 146 m. W. S.W. Wilming- 
ton (X. C), 4S m. E. by S. Columbia. The "Black River 
WatehnianV and " Sumpter Banner," both democratic, are 
Issued weekly. 



Sun, p. o., St. Tammany parish, /m. : 61 m. E. Baton 
Eouge. 

Sunapee lake, 2^. IT. : in the N. W. part of Merrimac co., 
and the E. part ofSulUvan county, in the towns of Sunapee, 
New London, and Newbury, 9 m, loug, and about IJ in» 
in width. Its elevation above the sea level ia 1,0S0 fe»t, and 
the diisccut of its outlet, Stigar river, to the Connecticut, is 
very rapid. 

SuNBURT, p. v., Livingston county, III.: 97 m. N. E. 
Springfield. 

SuNBURV. p. v., Delaware county, Ohio. : on Walnut cr., 
21 m. N. Columbus. It contains several stores, workshops, 
and is a thriving village. 

SuNBURT, p. v., Gates co., 27". Car.: on the E. side of 
Bennett's cr., 121 m. N. E. Ealeigh. 

SuNBUEY, p. b., and cap. NorihumberIan<l co., Penn. : on 
the K. bank of the Susquehanna r., below (he confluence of its 
N. and W. branches, at Northumbt-rlanii, 44 m. N. Harris- 
burg. Its location is on a broad plain, in the townaliip of 
Augusta. The Pennsylvania Canal is carried across the 
river by a basin created by the Shamokin dam, 2,7*3 feet 
long, a short distance below the t.. nearly a mile in wiriih. 
A railroad couneetji Simbury with the Shamokin coal mines, 
19 miles E., and Sunbury will be an important point on tho 
line of railroads from the Delaware to Lake Erie, now in 
progress of construction. A bridge across the N. branch of 
the Susquehanna connects the town with Nortbumberi;md 
It contains a court-house and county offices of brick, a .l&il 
built of stone, and several churches. Coal, iron, and limo 
«tone are abundant in the vicinity, and there are some 
manufactures in the v. The " S. American," *■ S. Gazette," 
and the "Deutscher Amcricaner" are issued weekly. Pop. 
of t. 1,2IS. 

SuNcooK, p. v., Merrimac co., JV. Uamp. : on the W. side 
of Suncook r., near its junciion witli the Merrimac, and ou 
the Portsmouth and Concord E. E., 4i} m. W. by N. Porta 
mouth, and 7 rn. S. E. from Concord. It contains some 
light manufactures. 

SuNOouK river, K. Uamp. : rises in several ponds between 
Gilmanton and Guilford, n^-ar the summitof oneof the Sun- 
cook [nounlains, elevated 9(.i0 feet above its base. It flows 
in S. W. direction, and empties into the Merrimac, in the 
town of Allerstown. 

Sunday Creek Cross Eoads, p. o., Perry co., Ohio: near 
a cr. so called, 54 m. S. E. Columbus. 

Sunderland, t. and p. v., Franklin co., Mafis. : on tho 
E. side of ihe Connecticut r., 79 m. W. by N. Boston. Sur- 
face along the river is level, back of which it > monnlaiu- 
ous; soil fertile. This is cliiefly a farming town. The v. is 
built upon one street running parallel with the r., and con- 
tiiins several churches and some handsome dwellings. A 
bridge here crosses the river. Mount Toby lies partly in 
Sunderland, and pardy in LeverelL Pop. oft 792. 

Sunderland, t. auii p. v., Bennington co., Venn.: 89 ra. 
S. W. by S. MonlpcUtT. Drained by Battenkill r. and 
Koaring brook. Surface uneven, and in part mountainous ; 
soil fertile. It has excellent walcr-powcr, and some light 
manufactures. Sulphuret of iron is found in considerable 
quantities, and lea<l ore has bi-en discovered in granular 
limestone. The v. is on the Western Vermont E. E., 36 m. 
S. by W. Eutland. Pop. of t. 479. 

SoNFisn, p. -0., Monroe county, Ohio: in the village of 
Claringt-m, at the mouth of SunHsh creek, 111 m. E. by 3- 
Columbus. 

Sun Flower county, ^tim. Situate W. toward the N.. and 
contains 824 sq. ni. Drained by Sun Flower r. and its 
branches. Surface moderately level ; soil fertile, and adapt- 
ed to colton, which is the chief production. Farms -18, 
dwell. 75, and pop.— wh. 34S, fr. col. 0, si. 754— total 1,1U2. 
Capital: M'Nutt. 

SuNKHAZE, p. v., Pfenobscot CO., Me. : on the E. side of 
the Penobscot r. at the mouth of Sunkhaze r., 77 m. N. E. 
Augusta. 



.:* 



SUN 

Sunny Sidk, p. v., Lowndes co., Alu. : on a branch of Big 
Swamp or., 29 m. S. AV. Momgomery. 

Sun Pkairik, t. ami p. o., Dane co.. Wise. : 21 m. N. E. 
Miuiison. Di-aiueiJ by affluenta of Kocb r. Surface rulliiijj; 
Koil fi'_rlile. Pop. 500. 

8UNEISE, p. o., Bath county, Ylrg.: 131 m. W. by N. 
liichmoud. 

■ t>uNviLLE, p. o., Veuango county, Pcnn,: 174 m. N. W. 
Ilarrisburg. 

Superior, t and p. o., "Washtenaw co., Midi. : 55 ra. S. E. 
Lansing. Drairicii l)y lloijge and Huron rivers, from wliich 
good watur-powcr is derived. Surface ia gently undulaling, 
with a rich soil. Timber is abundant. Pop. 1,12T. 

SapEKiOR Ial<e, the largest of the 5 great lakes of North 
An»t:-riea, and said to be the largest body of fresh water in 
tlie world. Its length is o50 m., and greatest breadth 150 m. 
It contains a number of islands of various sizes, the largest 
of which ia Isle Royal, in the N. "W., about 100 ra. long and 
40 broad. The elevation of the lake's surface above the high 
tide of the ocean has been calculated to be ],04S feet, and 
the average depth of its bottom 900 feet. The lake is sul.i- 
ject to as violent gales as the Atlantic, and equally as OifE- 
cult of navigation. The coast ia generally elevated, rocky, 
and in some parts mountainous. The vessels navigating 
the lake are conlined within its own waters, as the Falls of 
St. Mary present a comidete obstruction to communication 
witUjithe lakes below. This obstruction is in course of re- 
moval, by the building of a ship channel around the Falls 
of St. Mary; and, when completed, the wide expanse of 
Lake Superior will be jjdded to the present extent of the 
lake navigation. The length of the road to be cut by this 
canal is three-fourths of a mile, at an estimated expense of 
$2:JO,000. By this means access will be obtained to the 
whole countrj' tributary to Lake Superior— a tract rich in 
timber and mineral wealth. It receives more than 30 rivers, 
and discharges ita waters into Lake Huron by the Straits of 
St. Mary. The temperature of the water of the lake, during 
tlu- summer, a fathom or two below the surface, is but a few 
degrees above the freezing point In the western portion 
tin: water is much colder than in the eastern — the surface 
flow becoming warmer as it approaches the outlet. The 
luirage which frequently occurs is occasioned by the differ- 
ence between the temperature of the air and the lake. In 
the region about the shores of Lake Superior many valuable 
mines of copper and other ores have been discovered within 
a few years past, and are now being extensively worked. 
The products of the copper mines for the year 1S51 amount- 
ed to about 2)600 tons, or about one-half the annual con- 
sumption of the United States. The copper, fnr certain pur- 
poses in the arts, stands unrivaled ; and, according to present 
report, it surpasses all the ores of copper in density and 
tenacity. The per centage of silver, too inconsiderable iu 
must cases to justify separation, still enhances its value, by 
protecting it in a considerable degree from the corrosive 
action of salt water. The boundary hne between the U. S. 
and the British possessions passes from the outlet Ihrougli 
the middle of the E. section of this lake ; but toward the W. 
it is carried clear round to the N. of Isle Royal, giving that 
island and the whole body of the lake below it to the I'. S. ; 
then passing round the W. extremity of the island, it inclines 
S. to the entrance of Pigeon river, leaving the largest por- 
tion of this section of the lake on the British side. The 
Pictured Rocks, so called, toward the E. end of the lake, are 
a great natural curiosity. They form a perpendicular wall, 
800 feet high, extending about 12 ra. along the shore of the 
take. They have numerous caverns and projections. The 
fishing stations about the coast are numerous, and several 
thousand of barrels of fish are put up and exported an- 
nually, the waters of this lake yielding an oxhaustU-ss sup- 
ply of this article. The species couglit are. the trout, 
white fish, and sturgeon, the two former of which are 
highly prized in tlie markets. 

Si'iiGEON*s Hall, p. v., Allfghany co.. Penn. : on a small 



^^ SUS 

stream flowing into the Mouongahela river, 160 m. "W 
Harriaburg. 

Surrounded Hills, p. o., Monroe co., Ark.: 69 m. E. 
Little Rock. 

Surry county, N. Car. Situate N., toward the W;, and 
contains 670 sq. m. Drained by Tadkin r. and its branches. 
Surface varied, generally much broken, and mountainous; 
sod fertile, and the uplands adapted to pasturage. Chief 
production?, cotton, li>bacco, ludian corn, wheat, and pota- 
toes. Farms 1,503; raunuf. -iS; dwell. 2,797, and pop.— 
wh. 16.171, fr. col. 272, si. 2,000— total 1^,443. Capital: 
R'jckford. 

SuERY county, Virg. Situate toward the S. E., and con- 
tains 2*33 sq. m. Drained by small branches of James and 
Blackwater rivers. Surface an extended plain : soil a deep 
loam, and fertile, in some portions making fine pasture land. 
Chief productions, cotton and Indian corn, potatoes, etc. 
Farms 301 : manuf 5 ; dwell. 650, an.I pf.p.— wh. 2,215, fr. col, 
985, si. 2,479— total 5,679. Capital : Surry C. H. 

Surry, t. and p. v., Hancock co.. Me. : 65 ra. E. by N. 
Augusta. This is a very fertile farming town, having a 
number of ponds and excellent water privileges. Unirm 
River bay bounds it on the E., affording navigable facilities. 
Its manufactures consist of leather, lumber', etc. The v. is 
situated at the head of an inlet of Union River bay. P<>p. 
oft. 1,1S9. 

Surry, t. and p. v., Cheshire county, K. Ramp. : 43 m. 
S. W. by W. Concord. Draineil by Ashuelot r. Surface 
varied, in parts uneven. On the suramil of a mountain, on 
the E. side of Ashuelot r., is a pond covering 3 acres, 25 feet 
deep. Incorporated in 1769. The village contains several 
shops and stores. Pop. oft. 550. 

SuBRY C. H,, p. v., and cap. Surry co., Virg.: near an 
inlet of James r., 43 m. S. E. Richmond. It contains a 
court-house, jail, etc. 

SrscoL valley, Solano co., Calif. : a little W. of Suscol 
Hills ; runs from the city of Yallejo to the northern part of 
the county ; S m. in leugili and 3 iu width, Napa bay wash- 
ing il3 whole length. It is a desirable and interesting coun- 
try, well adapte<l to farming, and has a luxuriant growth of 
wild oats. Running through this valley are two large soda 
springs, which, after winding through low hills, empty into 
Napa bay. One of these springs, 4 m. N. of Vallejo, is c:dled 
Sulphur Spring Waters, and is of good temperature for 
bathing. 

Susi'Exsiox BninuE, p. o., Niagara county, X. Y. : 276 m. 
W. by N. Albany. 

StSQiEH-iNNA county, Penru Situate N. E., and con- 
tains 712 sq. m. Drained by branches of Susquehanna r.. 
whieh flows through its N. part. Surface hilly, >ind the 
land in many places is nmch broken; soil fertile, and pro- 
duces excellent crops of wheat and Indian corn. It is cov- 
ered in different portions with a fine growth of timber, and 
has good pasmrage for callle. Farms 3,9u9 ; manuf. 322; 
dwell. .'>,203. and pop.— wh. 2S,529, fr. col. 159— total 23.6S3. 
Cajfital: Montrose. PuUic Work^: New York and Erie 
R. R. ; Lackawanna and Western K. R. 

SusQtrEBAN>'A, p. o., Broomc co., N.Y. : on W. bank of 
Susquehanna r., 124 m. W. S. W. Alb.'iuy. 

Susquehanna, I. and p. o., Dauphin ca.,Penn.: on E. 
aide of the Susquehanna r. Drained by Paxt-m cr. Sur- 
face uneven; soil fertile. Bluo Mountain crosses the N. 
part Its manufactures are flour, lumber, etc. Harrisburg 
lies partly in this town. l*op. 1,526. 

SusQCEOANNA river, Penii. : this river, the largest in Iho 
State, rises in Otsego county. New York, and flows S. W. 
(receiving Uuadilla river in Sidney t.) until it enters Penn- 
sylvania. It then returns into New York by bending W. 
course, receives Chenango river at Biughamptotj, and flow- 
ing again into Pennsylvania receives Chemung river 3 m. 
below tho Slate lin*'. Ita genenU course in crossing the 
Stale is in form nearly that of an oxbow. It receives the 
western liranch, its largest tributary, at Northumberland, the 

829 



sus 



SWA 



Juniata river at Bloomfield, and empties into Chesapeake 
bay, in the nnrih-east part of Maryland, at Havre de Grace, 
at which phiee it is IJ- m. wide. It is about 450 miles long, 
but its importance for navigation is not commensurate with 
this great length. It is navigable for sloops 5 miles from its 
mouth to Port Deposit, at the hea«l of the tide, beyond 
which it is entirely obstructed for 50 m. by a frequent suc- 
cession of rapids. In its upper parts the natural obstruc- 
tions are not great, and might be easily overcome. During 
freshets a great amount of lumber and produce is sent down 
in rafts, etc. Canals are extensivt-Iy constructed along its 
banks, which greatly facilitate the movemf nts of commerce. 

brsQiTEiiANNA Dep6t, p. G. &\nl sta., Sus<iUL'hanna co., 
Petm. : on the Erie R. R., 202 m. from New Yi-rk, 267 m. 
from Dunkirk, 115 m. N. N. E. Itarrisburg. At this station 
the Erie R. R. Company have large shops for repairing en- 
gines, cars, etc, and thus formed a small but flourishing 
Bettlement. 

Sussex county, Del. Situate S., and contains 994 sq. m. 
Drained by Nnnticoka river and its branches, which enter 
Chesapeake bay, and Jones, Cold Spring, Cedar, Mispillion, 
and otber small creeks which flow into Delaware bay. Sur- 
face in general level, and a large portion is marshy ; soil 
varied, much of it being of a sandy nature. Chief produc- 
tions wheat, Indian corn, and potatoes. There is fine gr.iz- 
Ing land in the co. Farms 2,746; manuf. 11 ; dwell. 4,319, 
and pop.— wh. 20,34S, fr. col. 4,039, si. 1,543— toUil 25,935. 
Copititl : Georgetown. 

Sussex county, N. Jer. Situate N. W., and contains 569 
eq. m. Drained by Paulinskill, Wallkill, Pequannock, and 
Pequest creeks. Surface in general is hilly, and portions 
of it moimtainous; soil fertile, consisting of a fine deep 
mold with sand intermixed. Wheat, Indian corn, and other 
grains are produced abundantly, and excellent crops of po- 
tatoes are raised. Farms 1,053; manuf. 1S4 ; dwell. 3,S51, 
and pop.— wh. 22,673, fr. col. 310, si. 1— total 22,989. Cap- 
ital: Newton. 

Sussex county, Yivg. Situate S. E., and contains 453 
sq. m. Drained by Nottoway r. and its branches. Surface 
even ; soil fertile and easy of cultivation. Chief produc- 
tions cotton, tobacco, and Indian corn; wheat is also grown 
extensively. Farms 472 ; manuf. 23 ; dwell. 751, and pop.— 
wh. 3,0$6, fr. col. 742, si. 5,902— total 9,S20. Capital: 
Sussex 0. H. PiihliG Works : Petersburg and Weldon 
K. R. ; Petersburg and Norfolk R. R. 

Sussex C. H., p. v., and cap. Sussex co., Vlrg.: 41 m. 

5. by E. Richmond, and contains a court-house, jail, etc. 
Sussex, p. o., Waukesha co., Wise, : 59 m. E. Madison. 
SurnKRLANn'e sta., Dinwiddle co., Virg. : on South Side 

E. R., 10 ra. W. Petersburg, 42 m. from Burkville. 
Sutherland Sprtsgs, p. o., Bexar county, Tex, 
Sutter county, Calif. Situate centrally, and chiefly be- 
tween the forks of the Sacramento and Feather rivers, and 
contains "60 sq. m. Surface diversified, and In the N. are 
several high hills called Buttes. The portion of the county 

6. E. of Feather river contains the important towns of Ver- 
non, Oro, and Nicholas, which aro noted for their mineral 
wealth, and also for their commercial positions. Springfield, 
opposite Tremont, and Yuba City, opposite the mouth of 
Yuba r., are also considerable places. It is a rich mining 
region, ami has been very productive. The quantity of land 
under cultivation in 1852 was only 1,401 acres, and in gene- 
ral little attention is here paid to any agricultural operations. 
Pop. at the dale specified 1,207 ; wliites 675— males 590. and 
females 95; negroes 11— males 8, and females 3; Indians 
614 — males 262. and females 252 ; and foreign residents 10 — 
males 7, and females 3 ; above 21 years old — citizens 527, 
negroes 11. Indians 314, and foreigners 10. Capital : Oro. 

SuTTERsvtLLK, v., Sacramento county, Calif. : on the left 
bank of Saeramenlo r., about 8 m. S.Sacramento Cily,4Sm. 
N. E. Vallejo. 

Sutton, t, p. y., and sta., Worcester co., Ma«s. : 89 m. 
W. S. W. Boston. Surface UiUy ; soil productive Drained 



by Blackstone river, which affords water-power, and along 
which passes the Blaekstone Canal in its N. part. The 
Providence and Worcester R. R. touches on its N. border, 
35 m. from Providence, S m. from Worcester. Soapstone 
and granite are found. The t. contains 5 churches, several 
cotton factories, with some other mills. Pop. of t. 9.595. 

Sltton, t. and p. v., Merrimac county, JV' /Tamp. : 2'i m. 
N. W. by N. Concord. Surface uneven ; soil various. 
Watered by Warner r. and branches, which afford water- 
power. The town contains tanneries and saw-mills. I'op. 
of L 1.3S7. 

SuTTox, t. and p. v., Caledonia co.. Verm.: 89 m. N. E. 
by N. Mniitpelier. Surface mostly level, much of it low and 
wet WatiTed by branches of Passnrapsic river. A pond 
in, its N. W. corner covers 200 acres. There are several 
bogs of nnarl in the town. Pop. of 1. 1,001. 

Sutton's Mills, p. o. and sta., Essex county, Mass.: on 
Essex R. R., 1 m. from Lawrence, 20 m. from Salem. 

SuwANE, p. v., Gwinnett co., Ga.: on a branch of Shal- 
low fork of Chattahoochee r., 81 m. N. W. Miiledgeville. 

Suwannee river, Flor.: rises in Okeflnokee Swamp in 
Georgia, flows S., then W., receives the Allapahaw from the 
N., and the Withlacoochee from the N. W . then flows S. 
and S. E., receives the Santa F6 from the E.. .ind thence 
flows in southerly course until it empties into Waksase 
bay of Gulf of Mexico, which it enters by numerous shallow 
channels. The bar at its mouth has not more tlian^eet 
water, but above that it has 15 feet for 55 miles. Its bed i3 
rocky, and in some places its banks are 100 feet high of per- 
pendicular granite rock. 

Suwannee Shoals, p, o., Columbia co., Flor,: 99 m. 
W. Tallahassee. 

SwAivsBORo', p. v., and cap. Emanuel county. Oa. : on a 
branch of the Great Ohoopee r., Gl m. E. S. E. Miiledgeville. 
It contains a court-house, jail, etc. 

Swainsville, stn., Wyoming co., 2^. K ; on the Buffalo 
and New York R. E., 69 m. E. 8. E. Buffalo, 213 m. W 
Albany. 

Swallow falls. Alleghany county, Md. : these falls of the 
, Youghiogeny r. occur uear the mouth of lIen<lorn cr., in the 
S. W. part of the county. The general elevation of the 
country in the vicinity is 2,390 feet above tide-water. 

Swampscott, p. o , Essex co., Mass. 

Swan, p. v., Noble co., Jtid. : at the source of Black cr., 
114 m. N. N. E. Indianapolis. 

Swan, t and p. c, Vinton county, Ohio: 49 m. S. E. 
Columbus. Raccoon cr. flows through the I., affording ex- 
cellent mill privileges. Surface much broken; soil fertile. 
Pop. 1,154. 

Swan Creek, p. v., Warren co., JU, : near the West fork 
of Spoon r.. SO m. N. W\ Springfield. 

Swan Creek, p. o., Warren county, Ki/.: 119 m. S. W. 
Frankfort. 

SwjiN Crkek, p. o., Gallia county, Ohio: 83 m. S, S. E. 
Columtms. 

Swan-cey's Ferry, p. c, Abbeville disU, & Car. : 97 m. 
W. Columbia. 

SwANGSToWN, p. v., Cleveland county, K Caf.: on the 
right bank of Buff;ilo cr.. 151 m. W. S. W. Raleigh. 

Swan Lake, p. o., Arkajisas county, Ari:: GO m. S. E. 
Little Rock. 

Swannano, p. v.. Buncombe CO., K Car. : on a branch 
of French Broad r., 2ll5 m. W. Raleigh. 

Swan Point, p. o., Knox county, Ky.: 109 m. S. S. E 
Fr.inkn.rt 

Swan QuARTER.p. v., and cap. Hyde co., JV". Car.: 123 m. 
E. by S. Raleigh, and contains a court-house and other 
county buildings. 

Swan Rivep. (nr Arthur's Ferry), p. o., Benton co.. .Vinn. 
Ter. :107 m. N. N.W.St. Paul. The ferry at this point is one 
well knnwn, and is held by one of the oldest traders and 
pioneers of Minnesota. The settlement contains some 30 
families. 



SWA 



SwANSEOEo , p. v., Onalow co., N. air. .- „„ w si,i,. nr ih„ 
aTlLreigr'""' '" ""' °^''™"° ^"Sue ini:..,105 m! 

SwAssEr, t. and p. v., Brislol co., Mass. .- 45 m. S. by W 
ISoston. Mount Hope bay spU up into its S. patt by two 
miot-,, on one of which stands a small v. whi/h "as some 
nangal,™ and shi,,-building. The t was incorporated in 
lM,,and ,s noted for having been the tin which Ein.. 
J- lohp s Indian TS ar commenced on June 2uih, 1C75 In 
of t i B54 '"'""' '"P'"^"''' P^P«"- and other mills. Pop. 

S«-AxroN, t. and p. o., r.ncas oo., or,!,..- m „. n. n w 

wnSi,r^:trr"''^-^^-"-— -- 

i>wAXTO.N-, v., Alleghany co., M,?. : on the line of the 
n,adTn': TJ °'w ''^/'-'^^ ■"• '""" Baltimore brf^ 

S feet a ,t ",'■,• ^^ "^^ '^""^^'P'"'' '"^^■o'- £'"■='"<'", 
^..ii^Icet above tide-water. ' ■ 

SwANTo.v, (. and p. v., Franklin CO., Term. ■ on the F 

side of Lake Champlain, G6 m. (hy railroa.l) N. W Mont- 

peher. Dramed by Missisqui r.,which is navigable f ,r lake 

dcscen of twenty feet, from which are derived exitcnsive 
h5drau he power. Bog-iron ore is found here, and there is 
an excellent qualitj- of variegated marble quailed .and ex- 
tensive y exported. The surface and soil of the t. TeZl 
ti ;?bo " "Sr.cullural pursuits, with the exception of a per 
tiou bo dering on the lake. The v. is located at the fa , 
Z,: Xl:% "' "!'■"' "»"^-'--. -d Of inor^al g 
13 m% F V 'S' ^''"'"' ^- ^- P"''"' '"rough ,he,° 
13 m.g.L.Eouae-s Point C.V.T.) Vop. o{ L ■> <i-H 

N^:'s;sr' '■ "■' ^^^■"'"" ^°'-'^' -^"^ «^ - 

SWAXTILLE, I. and p.»., Waldo co.. Me.: 4.3 m E bv N 
Augusta. Drained by the ouHet of a pond in he ^ na^' 
en,pty,ng into Belfast hay. Surface evin ; soil touf T^e 
villages located in the >f. part. Pop. „f , ,« ^'''- 

SwANTiLLE, p. a, JelTerson county, l,u/..- 75 m S E 
In.hanapolis. ^" ^• 

SWANZET, t and p. T., Cheshire co., iK TTi,,,,/,., 45 „ 
S^W Concord. Drained hy Ashuelot river and bra, ch"' 
The r. ,s navigable for boats as far up .a. Keeue. except a 
short curv-ing place around the rapids in Winchester Sir 
herthrw-V^'r'-'^""'"* ^"-^ Isa mi,:;[:-sp^: 
In or i! 'i"''!^"'''' "'■'■ "»P'-'-gn''tcd With iron:a!,3 
a"her and IZ; "' '"^""^-^'-ro of cottons, woolens, 

nee i^ ut Ki er E e' ^s' r ™- '"'" " '' ™ '"« ^on-' 
ui i.ncr K. 1.., 6 m. S. Kcene. Pop. of t. 2,100 

_^SwAnrswoon, p. o.. Sussex county, I ^„....65 m. N. 

T^:i^r;«^^bf^^-;--"— Of 

SwEAuiNoENs, p. o., Austin eo., ?;«• • 05 m F 1 v « 
Austin City. '^'' ™- -I^- "y S. 

SwEUE^• t. and p. v., Oxford county, Jr. • 67 m S w 
Augusta. Saco r. crosscs.lhe W. pan and on ,h v r 
two pond,, by the „„„c,s of wh eh the , ■ / , \"" 
adapted to .-rains The v i, . ''rained. Soil 

oft69<J. The,.,s located m the centre. Pop. 

SwEi.EN-, L and p. o.. Potter Co., Penn • ll'i m www 
SWEDEN. .. ana p. ^., M„„,,^ a: 3--2 m 



SYC 



fruits^ The Eocheslcr,Lockport, and Niagara Falls l: E 
and the Erie Canal pass through the t., on both of which 
.s located the manufacturing village of Brockport. The 
T. of Sweden ,s 2 m. S. of Brockport. and contains a 

huS, t^""" '"^^^^"'"^^- ''"''■ "f '■ - ^^^^ 
mluZlT ""■"" ^' "■' ^'"'^''■""' ™- ^ '■'■''• •• ''» "'• ^•^^• 

SwEEiMBORo', p. v., Clouccstcr counlv, a: .a-,, • on th,. 

T,l ''"°';''"'a;^"0" "■. at llie head of sloop „.viga,„„i, 

m-ilirefc. ""• " """"'"^ " '""-"• »"■--' 

Sweet Am, p. v., Baltimore CO., },„!. .■ 87 m. N bv W 
Annapolis. ' 

SWE^ S™,.v-GS, p. v, Monroe eo., nv^. .■ in the valley 
01 the Alleghany mountains, W. of xMiddle Ml., 153 m W 
luchmond. This is one of the oldest watering-places in 
Virginia. Tliespringsarosiluated 17ra. fromlhe\rlebraled 
M Intc Sulphur Sjirings, and there is accommodation for 

■m persons. The waters are Celebral '..r tli..ir mcdiciii'd 

properties, and are used both externally and internally, 'nie 
power derived from the spring, is sumcient to turn a mdl 
a mo distance of 200 yar.ls Irom the source. Temperature 
of the water 730 Fahreuheit. . 

Sweet VAlLEt,p. 0., Luzerne co., rmn..: 79 m N K 
Harrisburg. • ^-i- 1^ 

T^'^'^'TJ"""'' P- ^■' •Gwinnett co., Ga.: on Yellow r 
13 m. N. W. Milledgeville. ' 

SvvEET Water, p. v., Marengo co., At„. : on a branch of 
Tombigbee r., 96 m. W. by S. Montgomery 

Ea^slTen,^"'"' "i' ':^ ""'^ ""- ^""'"■' '"■' ^'"•"■■- "" ^0 

wrw.i:^nSr'"-^-p''^"-.'^-^5- 

Cotm"^'"""' "■ "■' """"^""'' '"''•' -^- ^^-- •• « "• N- ^ 
SwiPT Creek BaroGE, p. v.. Craven co., ^'. Cur ■ on E. 
side of Swill cr., 90 m. E. P^deigh 

^ w"?,'':'-f™' P- •'■■ M^'gomery co., A-. Car..- 72 m. 

Sw.pt river Carroll CO., X. //;„„,,. , ,,,,, ,.„ „,.. 
on the N, 01 \\aterville,and Uowing in an east.rly course 
empties into the Saco river at Conway. Its whole course is 
rapid an.l m one place it falls 30 feet in ,l,e distance of sit 
ods, Ihrougl, a cliannelin Ihe solid rock, about 12 feet wide, 
the sides being from 10 10 SO feet perpendicular height. 
bw.NEMBDS, p. 0., Charles City Co., n-g..- 29 m. S. E. 

Sw.N-TON, p. v., Kane co., J/l. : 1,55 m. K E. Springfleld. 

Sw,TzEP.LA.N-n county. /,„!. Situate S. E. on Ohio r , and 
contains 21B sq. m. Drained l,y Log, Lick. Indian, Plum 
•Brian s, and Oranfs creek.,. Lar.a- and tine boltoiis Zo 
Ihe Ohio, and the hills back of ,|h se rise to a hei-ht of Z 
or 000 feet t f .rlher back a high laMe-land is reaclit-d Sods 
are everywhere good. Mills are numerous, and many are 
w.rted by steam-power. Farms 1.270: nianuf 79; dwell 
2.2.,4, and pop.-wh. 12,SC0, fr. col. 60-lotal 12,932 Ca«i 
tUU: \ evay. -^ 

I Sybektcvilu:, p. a, Luzerne county, I'mn. • 85 m N F 
Harrisburg. ' -i'-j:. 

SvcAMoEE, p. v., and cap. De Kalb Co., III. .. on the left 
side of the river so callcl, !sr m. Jf. E. Springlield II 
contains the county cour.-li„„se._e,c. It is a pleas,anl piace 

SvcAMoPE, t. ami p. v., Wyandolt CO., Ohio: 06 m. N. bv 
W^Columbus. Drained by a branch of the Sandusky/ 
Surface level, w„h a producth,- soil. The v. is situate m-a; 
.l.^am.and,sasma,lagricul,uralsetUement. Po;:^:: 

NfsZr"' "• "•' ^'■''""'"'= '■"■' ^•■""■•- ''' >"■ E. by N. 

831 



SYC 



TAB 



STCAMor.E Allky, p. v., Halifax co., 2f. Car.: N. of Tar 
r., 57 m. N. E. Raleigh. ^ 

Sycamore Gkove, p. o., Overton co., Tcnn. : 81 m. E. by 
N. Nashville. , 

Sycamore Mills, p. c, Davidsonfll., Teivru: 17 m.N.W. 
Nashville. 

SYDN0F.ST1LLE, p. v.,Franklin CO., Vtrg.: between Chest- 
nut and Snow creeks, 123 m. W. S. W. Kichmond. 

Sykesvillk, p. v., Carroll co., M'7.: on N. side of TV. 
branch of Palapsco r., and on the B:iUimore and Ohio R. K., 
8-J ra. "W. by N. Baltimore, and 37 m. N. N. W. Annapolis. 

Sylacau()a, p. v., Taliad<'ga co., Alu. : on the line of the 
Atbarha a* Tennessee R. R., 53 m. N. Monlijomery. 

Sylajuorb, p. 0., Izard co., ArA\. : S5 m. N. Little Rock. 

Sylco, p. o., Polk CO., 7'e?m.: 139 m. S. E. Nashville. 

Sy-LVA, p. v., ■Washington co., ArX:. : on a cr. of Illinois r., 
153 m. N. W. Little Rock. 

Sylvan, I. and p. v., "Washtenau co,, Midi. : 33 m. S. E. 
Lansing. Drained l>y the head waters of Huron r. Surface 
undulating; soil rich and productive. "Wheat, corn, and 
oats of an excellent quality are raised. The Michigan Cen- 
tra! K. R. passes through the t., near which is the village. 
I*op. of t. 9S4. 

Sylvan, p. c, Franklin county, Penn. :^hO m. "W. S. W. 
Harrisburg. In the vicinity is a forge producing annually 
loo tons blooms and 50 tons bars. 

Si-LVAN Grote, p. V,, Jefferson co., Ga. : at the source of 
Lambert cr., 59 m. E. Milledgeville. 

Sylvan Groye, p. o., Clark county, Ind. ; 90 m. S. by E. 
Indianapolis. 

Sylvanta, p, 0., Bradford county, Penn. : 101 miles N. 
Harrisburg. 

Sylyania, p. o., Racine county. Wise. : 171 m. E. S. E. 
Madison. 

SYLVANLi,p. v., and cap. Scriven co.. Ga. : 105 ra. E. S. E. 
Milledgeville. It contains a court-house, jail, etc. 

SvLVANiA, p. o., Parke Co., Ind. : 53 ra. "W. Indianapolis. 

Sylvania, p. o., Licking county, 0?iio : 25 miles N. E. 
Columbus. 

Sylvanta, sta., Lucas co., OMo: on the Erie and Kala- 
mazoo R. R., 11 m. N. "W. Toledo, and 123 m. N. N. "W. 
Columbus. 

Sylva>17S, p. o., Hillsdale co., Mic?i. : 59 m. S. Lansing. 

Sylvia, p. o., Hardin co., O/'fo: 57 ni. N. W. Columbus. 

Sylvesteb, t. and p. o., Greene (^uuty, TT/sc .• 32 m. S. 
tfadison. Drained b; 
soil fertile. Pop. 712. 

S-i-MME's CoENEKS, p. 0., Butlcr CO., OJiw : 90 m. "W. S.W. 
Columbus. 

Sy-mme's Ceeek, p. 0., Muskingum co., 0?tio: 49 m. E. 
Columbus. 

SYMSONLi, p. 0., Graves county, Ky. : 229 m. S. "W. 
Frankfort. 

Syracuse, p. v., Kosciusko co., /n/f. ; on the N. "W. bor- 
der of Turkey lake, at the mouth of Turkey cr., its outlet, 
113 m. N. Indianapolis. 

Syracuse, p. city, and cap. Onondaga county, X. T. : on 
E. bank of Onondaga cr., near its entrance into Onondaga 
lake; from Albany, 130 m. W. by N. (direct) ; by railroad, 
14S m. It is regularly laid out with wide streets crossing at- 
right angles, and is for the most part handsomely built of 
brick. Mijny of the public buildings and churches are 
handsome edifices. The hotels are noted for their size, 
elegance, etc., and. good fare. Its manufactures, besides 
the salt-works, are extensive, the principal of which are 
iron castings, machinery, and flour. According to the 
Report to the Bank Department of the State, for Oct. 25th, 
1^52, there were then eight banks in Syracuse, with an ag- 
gregate capital of $1,040,000. The construction of the vari- 
ous canals and railroads which pass through Syracuse have 
•>'jide it the centre of a vast domestic trade with all parts o£ 
the Slate: these are, the Erie Canal, 171 m. from Albany, 
193 m. from Bxiffalo; Oswego Canal, extending hence to 



Madison. Drained by a branch 



le Ml 
of Sh, 



gar r. Surface level ; 



Oswego, 3S m. ; Syacuse ami ITtica R. R., 53 m. ; Rnch* 
ester and Syracuse R. R., 104 m. ; Rochester and Syracuse 
Direct li. R., 63 m. ; Oswego and Svr.icuse R. R., 35 m. 
The Syracuse and Binghampton K. R. is in construction, 
and the Syracuse ^nd Newburg R. R. has been pro- 
jected. These great avenues of intercourse and trade 
have very rajiidly increased the population and general 
prosperity of the city, and will continue to develop its 
permanent greatness and importance among the large 
cities of the State and of the Union. The newspapers pub- 
lialied in ISoO comprised 17 issues, viz., 4 dailies: '"Onon- 
daga Standard" (dem.), " S. Journal" (whig), "S. Star" 
(whig), "Transcript" (neutral), each of which published 
weekly editions (ihe "Star" also a semi-weekly); 6 other 
weeklies: *'Onondaga Sentinel" (whig), "Religious Re- 
corder," "Free-School Clarion," "Liberty Party Paper" 
(abol.), " Archimedean," " Central New Yorker ;" 1 semi- 
monthly, the "Temp. Protector;" and 2 monthly, " Syra- 
cusean" (indep.), and " Literary Union" (Ut.) l*op. in 1S30, 
2,5t:5 ; in *l&40, 6,502 ; in 1S50, 22.2T1. 

Syracuse is celebrated for its great salt works. The salt 
water is conveyed in pipes from the springs or wells to the 
works. The coarse salt is produced by solar evaporation ; 
flue salt by boiling, and other modes of applying artificial 
heat. The springs are pierced through ihe alluvial, and 
terminate on gravel. The wells generally used are excava- 
ted about IS or 20 feet deep. In one case a boring o^ 250 
feet deep was made without finding fossil sidt, but the 
strength of the brine increased (as generally) with the depth 
of Uie well. From the strongt-st spring a cubic foot of wa- 
ter will afford 14 pounds of salt. In 1840, a new salt spring 
of great sirength was discovered by boring to a depth of 265 
feet, from which large quantities of salt are now manufac- 
tured, 30 gallons of the water producing one bushel of fine 
3a.It. From recent experiments in salting beef for the pur- 
pose of comparing the relative merits of Onondaga and 
Turks Island salt, it has been satisfactorily ascertained that 
Ihe Onondaga ia fully equal in all respects to the Turks 
Island salt, and in some points superior. The quantities of 
salt here manufactured during the year 1S5", were as fol- 
lows: 2S7,SS2 bushels of coarse salt, S43._SS2 bushels of tine 
salt, 53,600 bushels of ground or dairy salt— total 1,1S4,92S 
bushels. This total is about one-half of the total of salt 
manufacture in Salina during 1S50, and about one-fourth of 
the aggregate amount manufactured in IboO in this suit 
districL 



Taob's Creek, p. o., Granville co., ^V. Car. : 44 m. N. 
Raleigh. 

T.vBivRG, p. v. and sta.. Oneida co., N. Y.: on 'W. bank 
of Fish cr., 110 m. W. N. "W. Albany. It contains a blast 
furnace, 2 grist and several saw mills, etc. The "Watertown 
and Rome K. R. passes a little S. of the village, 11 m. ftom 
Rome, CI m. from Watertown. 

Taiseunacle, p. o., Marion disL, S. Car.: 85 m. E. by N. 
Columbia. 

Tahle mountain, Greenville dist., S. Car.: this remark- 
able mountain, about 20 m. N. W. Greenville, is elevated 
3,16S feet above the surrounding country, and about 4,000 
feet above sea level ; ono of its sides is an immense rocky 
precijiieo, wiih bold square front, presenting a very grand 
appearance. 

Taule mountain, Sierra CO., Calif. : 151 m. N. E. by N. 
Yallejo, is S.OOO feet high. 

Tahle Gkove, p o., Fulton co., lU. : 65 m. N. W. by N. 
Springfli-ld, surrounded by an elevated and beautiful tract 
of timber, from which it derives its name. 

Tabo, p. o.. La Fayette county, Mo. : 96 m. W. N. "W. 
Jefferson City. 

Tabor, p. o., Tuscarawas county, Ohio: 83 m. E. N. E 
Columbus. 



TAG 



TAL 



Tacaltjche, p. o., Marshall county, Miss. : on N. si-ie of 
branch of Tippah cr., IGD m. N. by E. Jacks*m. 

Taciiora, p. 0., Ma,rquetle CO., Wise: : 52 ra. N. by E. 
Madison 

Taokett's Mill, p. c, Stafford county, V/rrj.; Gl m. N. 
Richmond. 

TACOA,p. 0., Gilmer countj-, Gn. : on W. side of Taeoa 
river, 144 m. N. N. "W. Milledgeville. 

Tacony, sla., Phila<lelphia co., Pen7i. : on Delaware r., 
and the Trcntun E. K., 8 miles N. E. riiiijidoipbia. 

Tafton, p. v., Pike CO., Penn. : V23 m. N. E. Harrisbnr^. 

Taitsville, p. v., AViiidsor county, Verm. : 40 in. S. 
Monipelier. 

Tagiikanic, t. and p. o., Columbia co., y. T.: 40 ni. B. 
Albany, t^urfaoe hilly and niounlainous ; soil very ferlile in 
the valleys. Drained by Copake cr. The t. contains a lew 
mills of different kinds. Pop. of 1. 1,540. 

Tagiikakic mountains, JV! Y. : a ransfe in the E. part of 
the State, near the State line, commenoinc: in Rensselaer 
county, and extending through Culumhia anil Dnohcss 
counties. They are partly in Massachusetts, and have their 
highest sumniiis in Sheffield, about S.ilOO feet above tide-wa- 
ter. The range ie. about 50 m. long, and is properly a divi- 
sion of the Green Mountains. 

TahlequaiIjP. v.,and cap. Cherokee nation, 7«f7. Ter.: on 
Dlinnis r. of the Arkansas. 5:3 m. N.W.Van Bureii, ArK: Here 
are located the council-house, IT. S. agency, missioivs, etc., of 
the Cherokees, and altogether it is a thriving settlement. 

Tails Creek, p. o., Gilmer co., Ga, : 136 m. N. "W. by "W. 
Milledgeville. 

Talahatah, p. O.J Newton co., Miss. : 63 m. E. by N. 
Jackson. 

TALAsnj^fp. 0., Newton co., Miss. : G^ m. E. Jackson. 

Taluot county, Ga. Situate toward the W., and contains 
451 sq. m. Drained by branches of Flint r.. which forms it.s 
E. and N. E. boundary. Surface hilly; soil ferlile, and is 
peculiarly adapted to cotton which Is produced largely. 
"Wheat and Indian corn are raised in large quantities, and 
there is some timber land. Farms 92S; manuf. 46; dwell. 
1,324. and pop.— wh. 7,:93. fr. col. 13. si. SJ23— t<»fa! 16,534. 
Capital: Talboton. Public TTo/'A-s; Muscogee R. R. 

Talbot county. Md. Situate E. toward the N., and con- 
tains 336 sq. m. Drained by small streams wliiob flow into 
Chnptank r. and the several bays set up from the Chesa- 
peake. Surface varied; soil fertile, well adapted to wheat 
and Indian com, the chief j)roduction3 of the co. Wye r- 
runs along its N. W. border. Farms 793; mauuf. 35; 
dwell 1,751, and pop— wh. 7,0S0, fr. col. 2,597, si. 4,154— 
total 13.-^11. Capital: E:tslnn. 

Taltiotton, p. v., and cap. Talbot county, Ga. : 73 m. 
W. S. W. Milledgeville. It contains the county buildings, 
2 academies, 2 churches, etc. Pop. about GOO. 

Taltaferbo county, Ga. Situate N. E. centrally, and 
contains 163 sq. m. Little r. runs through the N. E.. by 
branches of which, and of Ogeechee r. it is drained. Sur- 
face level or mlling; soil fertile and produces cotton abund- 
antly, also wheat and Indian corn, and fine cropii of 
apples, pears, and other fruits. Pine timber is found on the 
land. Farms 294; manuf. 16; dwell. 40S, and pop. — wh. 2,051, 
fr. col. 51, si. 3.i>14— total 5,146. Capital: Crawfordsvillo. 
Puhlic Works: Georgia R. R. 

Talthekela, p. 0., Pontotoc co., Miss. : 150 ra. N. N. E. 
Jackson. 

Talkes'gRocKjP-O., Gilmer CO., Ga.: 133 m. N. "W". by N. 
Milledgeville. 

Talladega county, Ala. Situate toward the N. E., and 
contains 1,206 sq. m. Drained by branches of Coos.i rirer, 
w^hich forms ils western boundary, and also by branelies of 
Tallapoosa r. which traverse its southern portion. Surface 
level ; soil very fertile. Cotton is the staple, and is produced 
In abundance; wheat and Indian corn are rai^d in good 
crops, and there is some excellent pasture, on which large 
numbers of cattle and hogs are fattened. Agriculture is the 

&3 



hading pursuit wiib a large portion of the population. 
Farms 993; manuf. 21 : dwell. I.s01,and pop.^wb.- 11,618, 
fr. cul, 3.^, 8i. 6,i)n— total 1S,624. ' Capital: Talladega. 
Puhlic Works: Alabama and Tennessee River R. R. ■ 

Talladega, p. v.,-,|ind cap. Talladega county, Ala. : on a 
small branch of Coosa r., 75 m. N. by E. Montgomery. It 
conlnins the county build ingg. etc. The " Alabama Reporter" 
(whis). and '' Democratic Walchtower" (dem.) are issued 
weekly. Tho Alabama .^nd Termessee River R. R. will 
pass Ihrnugh this place. I'op. about 7('0. * 

TALLAUAjtsEE, p. city. and cap. Leon county, Flor. : and 
capital of the State of Florida. LatilUiie 30^ 28' N.; 
longilude 84° 86' W. from Givenwich. It is' situated <fc a • 
commimdinc: eminence, and is regularly laid out with 
several public squares. Its settlement was commenced in 
1S24, upon its selection as the State capital. The legislature 
held its first session here in 1S25, and incorporated the city. 
It contains the Stale-house, court-house. V. 8. laud office, 
market-house, jail, academy, and three churches. Two 
newspapers are published weekly, " Sentinel," and " Fior-. 
idian and Journal.*' The Trdlabassee and St. Marks R. E,, 
connecting it with Port Leon on Appalaohee bay, will be 
extended N. to Thomasville. Ga., to connect with the pro- 
posed BrtniHwick and Florida It. R. *A good raill-=tream 
flowing from several springs, runs on its E. bdrder, falls 15 
or 16 feet into a pool scooped out by its own current, and 
after running a phort distance, sinks info a cleft of the lime- 
stone. In the winter, it is a'i)laco of considerable resort. 
Pop. in 1^50. 1,391. 

TALLAHATCiire couuty, Ml-<fi. Situate toward the N. W., 
and conl;iin9 ^98 sq. m. Drained by Tallahatchie r. and its 
branches. Surface level; soil tortile and adapted to cotton, 
it also is well fitted for grain, and makes good pasture land. 
Chief productions, cotton and Indian corn. Farms 2S2; 
manuf. 0; dwell. S6S, and pop.— wh. 2,096, fr. col. — , 
si. 2.547— total 4.643. Capital: Charleston. 

Tallaloosa, p. o., Marshall comity, Miss. : on S. side of 
branch of Oka Copasau r., 172 m. N. by E. Jackson. 

Tallapoosa county, Ala. Situate toward the E., and 
contains 916 sq. m. Tallapoosa r. enters it in the N. E., and 
flowslhrough the western portion, by which and its branches 
it is drained. Surface level; soil fertile and adapted to 
cotton, wilt at, and grain, fine crops of which are annually 
raifed. F:ain3 1,270; manuf. Is; dwell. 2.037, and pop. — 
wh. 11.511, fr. col. 0, el. 4,i'7S— total 15,584. Capital: 
Dadeville. PuIHg Works: Montgomery and West Point 
Railroad. 

Tallapoosa, p. o., Greene eo., Ala. : ^<i m. W. N. "W. 
Monic'^niery. 

Tallai'oosa, p. 0., Carroll co., Ga.: on E. side of Talla- 
poosa r., 136 m. W. N. W. Milledgeville. 

Tallapoosa river, Ga. and Ala. : rises in Carroll countj-, 
Ga.. flows in southerly winding course to its junction with 
Coosa v., VI m. N. Montgomery, which together form the 
Alabama river. 

Tali ASSKK. p. v., Tallapoosa county, Ala. ; on E. side of 
Tallapoosa r,, 29 m. E. N. E. Montgomery. 

Tallkvville, p. o., New Castle co., Del. : 43 ra. N. by E. 
Dover. 

Tallmador, t. and p. o., Ottawa counlj-, Micfi. : on both 
sides of Grand r., 6-t ml W. by N. Lansing. This was, in 
1S50. Uio most productive farming t. in the co.. but not more 
than one-P)urth of its area was then cultivated. It contains 
.3 3aw-mills using water-power, of which tho annual product 
in 1ft50, was valued at $15,820. Population id 1840, 13»; 
in isr-o, rs4. 

Tallmador. t. and p. v., Summit county, Ohu): 109 m. 
N. E. Columbus. The Akron Branch R. R., and the Penn- 
sylvania and Ohio canal pass through its N. "W. corner. 
The t. contnins a large part of the v. of Cnyahfiga Falls, and 
Middleburg V. Tallmadge v,, in the centre of the t., is 
pleasanlly laid out. Near the Cuyahoga Falls is an exten- 
sive bed of biturahious coal. Pop.'of t. 2,456. 



TAL 



TAR 



Tallokas, p. o., Lowndes county, Ga. : 156 miles 8. 
Mille<igevtlle. 

Tallulao, p. v., and cap. Issaquena co., Mif*n.: on E- 
bank of Mississippi r., C2 m. N. \V. by W. Jackson. 

TALuri.AH river and f;ill3. 6^'/. .' rises in Kabun co. in the 
N. E. corner of the Stale, flows S. E., separating Kabun and 
Halicrsham counties, and unites with the Chaluga to form 
the Tuiraloo, one of the two head streams of the Savannah r. 
The falls are not broad, but havg a great descent, and pre- 
sent a most romantic and delighlfnl appearance. 

Tai,lv-Ho, p. o., Granville county, JV. Car.: 36 m. N. 
KaU'igh. 

{Tai.ofa, P.O., Madison county, Flor.: 5S ra. E. S. E. 
Tallahassee. 

Tama county, la. Situate centrally, and contains 720 
eq. ra. Drained by -Iowa r. anri its branches, and aflUients 
of Cedar r. Surface undulating and diversified ; soil fertile, 
and adapted to wheat, grain, and other agricultural produc- 
tions; it is also favorable to the cultivation of fruit Pine 
awl other timber isfound on the land. Farms 0; manuf.O; 
dwell. 1, and pop. — wh. 8, fr. col. — total 8. CupiUd: — 

Tamaqua, p. b. and sta., Schuylkill co., Penn. : on Little 
BchuylkiU river and 11. It., 2(1 m. from Port Clinton, 6S m. 
N. E. Ilarrisburg. 'It was founded inlS29. Itisaurrnundcd 
by a wild, mountainous, and sterile country, but abounding 
with excellent anthracite coal, the trade in which constitutes 
almost the entire business of the place. The f<illowing are 
the statistics of this trade for the year ending 30th June, 
1S50: 

Coal Operators. -^"''"J'^' ' """^'''y ^"V""' Value. 

J & R. Carter .... $13.0M0 .... $4.500 .... $75.000 .... $102,500 
Heaton & Carter. 5,5M0.... 600.... 6,400 ... 126.000 
E. RatclilTe & Co. 10,000.... 1.400.... 20,000.... 30,000 
Wm. Donaldson. 3,000.... 1,200.... 20,0p0.... 80,000 
Jas. Taggart 6,000.... 1,800.... 14,000.... 21,000 

The " Tamaqua Legion" (neut.) is issued weekly. Pop. 
about 600. 

Tamauawa, p. v., Monroe co., 7//. .• on W. bank of Kas- 
kaskia r.. 104 m. S. by W. Springfield. 

Tampa, p. v., and cap. Ilillsboro' county, Flor.: at the 
head of Tampa bay, 209 m. S. E. by S. Tallahassee. Here 
is Fort Bronke, garrisoned by U. S. Artillery. 

Tampa bay, Flor,: is the largest bay in the Gulf of 
Mexico. It sets up N. E. from the gulf into the N. part of 
Hillsboro' co., is about 40 m. long, and i.i one place 35 m. 
wide. It is easy of access, has 15 to 20 feet of water on the 
bar, and affords safe anchorage. It receives five small 
creeks. Litile Tampa bay, in its N. part, is 10 m. wide, but 
very shallow. Tampa bay abounds with fish and water 
fowls, and has several islands at its mouth. 

TAMPiro. p. o., Oktibbeha co.. Miss.: on S. side of Oka 
Tibbyhah r., 119 m. N. E. by N. Jackson. 
Tampico, p. o., Darke co., Ohh : 84 m. W. Columbus. 
Tampico. p. o., Grainger co., Tenn. : 177 m. E. Nashville. 
Tamwortii, t. and p. o., Carroll co., N.IIamp.: 45 m. 
N. by E. Concord. Brained by Bearcamp r. and branches, 
flowing into Ossipee lake, and afi"ording water-power to 
several saw-mills. The interests of the t are chiefly agri- 
cultural. Pop. of t. 1,706. 

Taj! WORTH Inos-'WoRKS, p. o., Carroll co., K Ilainp.: 
46 m. N. by E. Concord. 

Taney county, 3fo. Situate S. toward the W., and con- 
tains 1,0"! gq. m. Drained by White r. and its tributaries. 
Bull, Swan, and Big and Little Beaver creeks. Surface 
level; sml in general fi-rtile, and adapted to the culture of 
wheat, grain, cotton, and tobacco. It is well-limbered and 
has excellent pasturage. Farms 509 ; manuf. ; dwell. 6S0, 
and p(^p.— wh. 4,274, fr. col. 0, »1. 99— total 4,373. Capital : 
Forsyth. 

Tanky. p. 0., Washington co., Ar!:. : 125 ra. N. W. by W. 
Little Uoek. 
Taneytown, p. y., Carroll co., Md. : 88 m. E. by S. An- 
884 



napolis. It contains several mills and iron-works. Pop. 
279(3G3wb., 16fr. col.). 

Tankyville, p. o., Lycoming co., Femu : 72 m. N. by W. 
Harrisburg. 

Tanoapha, p. c, St. Helena parish, La.: 43 m. E. N. E. 
Baton Kouge. 

Tangier sound. M<f.: in Chesapeake bay, ofi* Somerset 
count)'. 24 m. long, 6 to 10 m. wide. It contains numerous 
islands, and receives several rivers. 

Tannep.'s Cross Koads, p. o., Jackson co.jVirg.: 243 m. 
W. N. W. IMehinond. 

Tanner's Store, p. o., Mecklenburg co., Virg.: 72 m. 
S. W. liichmond. 

Tanneksvillb, p. v., Greene co., N. Y. : 43 m. S. W, by S. 
Albany. 

Tannersvtlle, p. v., Monroe co., Penn.: on E. bank of 
a creek of Delaware r., 93 ra. N. E. by E. Harrisburg. 

Taos county, K. Mex. Occupies a large territiiry in the 
N. E.. extending from 103*^ to 107° "W. long., and between 
36° and 88° N. lat. Surface generally mounUunous, with 
large valleys, through which traverse the Rio Grande, etc., 
and from the E. slope of the mountains flow tributaries of 
the Arkansas, Canadian, and other large rivers. It is rich 
in minerals, as gold, silver, and iron, and in the Ratone 
Mountains bituminous coal exists. Farms 651 ; manuf. 13 ; 
dwell. 2,214, and pop.— wh. 9,507, fr. col. 0— total 9,507. 
CopiUd : Taos. 

Taob, p. v., Cole county, 2fo. : 7 m. S. E. by E. Jeffersoa 
City. 

Taos, p. v., and cap. Taos co., N. J/kr. .• on a small tribu- 
tary of the Rio Grande, 65 ra. N. by E. Santa F6. It cou- 
tains a Catholic church and school. 

Tapleytille, p. o.) Essex co., Mass.: 20 jbi. N. by E. 
Boston. 

Tappahannook, p. v., port of entry, and cap. Essex co., 
Viry. : on S. W. side of Rappahannock r.. about 50 m. from 
its entrance into Chesapeake bay, 43 m. N. E. by E. Rich- 
mond. Its site is low and unhealthy. It contains the co. 
buildings, a church, and female seminary. It has a good 
harbor. The total tonnage of Tappahannock district oa 
80th June, 1S50, was 5.824 tons. The registered tonnage 
amounted to 503 tons (172 tons permanent, and 331 tons 
temporary). The enrolled and licensed tonnage amounted 
to 5,321 tons, consisting of 4,9T5 tons permanent, 346 tons 
"licensed under 20 tons," all of which was employed in the 
coasting trade. During the year preceding, the number of 
clearances for foreign countries was 7 — 802 tons; number 
of entrances do., 7 — 718 tons ; and one schooner was built — 
43 tons. 

Tappan, Harrison co., Ohio : 103 m. E. N. E. Columbus. 

Tappan bay, K. Y. : is an expansion of Hudson river, 
between Rockhmd and Westchester counties, 11m. long, 
3^ ni. wide, terminating near Piermont, 24 m. above New 
York. 

Tappantown, p. v., Rockland co.. N. 3' ; , 2 ra. W. of 
Hudson r,, 108 m. S. Albany. It contains 2 churches, a few 
stores, etc. Major Andre was here executed, Oct 2. 1780, 
and tiuried in the vicinity. In 1S3I his remains were <iisin- 
terred, removed to England, and interred in Westminster 
Abl)ey. 

Tar river, N". Car. : rises in Person county, and flows in 
general c^jurae E. S. E. into Pandieo Sound. Below Wash- 
ington it expands into a wide estuary, commonly called 
Pamlico r. It receives several streams, of which the prin- 
cipal ia Fishing cr. It ia about ISO m. long, and is naviga- 
ble for small stuamboats to Tarboro', and to Washington for 
vessels drawing 9 feet of water. 

Tarhouo', p. v., and cap. Edgecomb county. A". Car. : on 
W. side of Tar r., 63 m. E. by N. Raleigh. Small steam- 
boats ascend the river to this place. It coTitains the court- 
house, etc., an academy, and a branch of the Bank of State 
of North Carolina, with capital of $150,000. PopulaUon 
about 700. 



TAR 



TAY 



Tardyvillk, t>- o., I'ontotoc co., J/iss.; 162 ra. N. N. E. 
Jackson. 

TAi!ENTrM.ji. v.. Allefrliany co., Pcmt.: on N. "W. aide 
of Alleghany r.. 147 m. Vf. by N. Harrisburs. The ^Yest- 
erii Divisii'u of Peiinsylvnnia Canal passes through, li) ni 
N. K. from rUL^lair;;. Pnp. 5(19. 

Taiuff, |). d., liiiller co., Ohio: on E. side of hrnneh ol 
Miami r., 100 m. S. W. by W. Cohimbua. 

Tarikfvim.e, p. V. ami st:i.. Ilarlfortl ooiinly. Conn,: nn 
FarmingNm r., 12 ni. N. N. \V. Harlfor.l. and on the New 
Haven and XnrUiainpton U. U.. 45 ni. from New Haven 
Vi contains l!ie large earpel ractorira of the Tariff Manufac- 
turing Co., which Lunpliiys a capital uf $300,000 in this 
business. 

Tarkio. p. o,, Holt CO., Mo,: on W, bnnk of Big Tarkio 
cr., a trilnitary of the Missouri, 210 m. N. W. by \V. Jeffer- 
son City. 

Taim.ton. p. v.. Picl^away co., Ohio: on E. side of Salt 
cr., 30 m. S. S. E. Cohmibus. It contains 3 churches, several 
stores, etc. Pop. about 450. 

Tarpaulin cove, J/i/A.*, ; on S. E. side of Naushon island, 
in Vineyard Sound. This is a good harbor, and has a light- 
house on its W. side. 

Tark,vnt county. Tea: Situate toward the N., and con- 
tains 1,1)18 s<j. m. Drained by W. foric of Trinity r. and its 
affluents. SurCace undulating; in Uie N. are Stewart's Mt. 
and Pil<tt Hill, consideral)le eminences. Soil fertile, and 
yields g(jod erops tif wheat and Indian corn. It is thiclcly 
covered wilh liniiier, and contains minerals. Capital: 
Tarrant Court-house. 

Taerant, p. v.. an<I cap. Hopkins co,. Tea:. : 249 m. N. E. 
Austin City. It contains the county buildings, and is sur- 
rounded by an undulating and very fertile country, abound- 
ing with good timber. 

Tak KivEu, p. o., Granville co., N. Car.: 82 m. N. by E. 
Kaleigh. 

Taki-.^town, p. V. and sta., Westchester co., X. Y. : on 
E. bank of Hudson r., and by Hudson Kiver K. R- 27 m. 
from New York, 117 m. from AM)any. It contains a ft-niale 
seminary, an academy for boys, and 3 churches. Il has a 
large river trade witli New York. Major Andre was csip- 
lured near this v. in September, 17S0. In the vicinity is 
"Sleepy Hollow,'' described by Wasliingtou Irvirtg, who 
resides 2 m. below the v. Pop. aliout 1,000. 

TARVEitsviLLR. p. V., Twiggs CO., Ga.:'A'l m. S. 9. "W". 
Milledgeville. U contains an academy, a few stores, and 
several dweliings. 

Tassisoso Gkove, p. o., Porter co., IncK : 115 m. N. by W. 
Indianapolis. 

Tatestille. p. o., Pe Soto connty, Mi^is.: on N. side of 
branch of Cold Wat.r r.. UU m. N. Jackson. 

Tatvsville, p. o., MNairy co., TV;; j(. ; 120 m. S.W. by TV. 
Nashville. 

Tatnai.l county, Ga. Situate toward the S. W., and 
contains 1,023 -•^q. m. Great Ohoopee r., a tributary of <)c- 
mulgec r., by whii-h and alao by Little Cannonchee r. and 
Pendleton's and IJeard's creeks it is drained. Surface roll- 
ing; soil in general fertile, but a large portion of the laud is 
covered with pine and other limber. It contains sonic 
minerals. Farms 327; nianuf. lO; dwell. 41ii. and p'"p.— 
wh. 2.:i7S. fr. col. \% si. 831— total 3,227. Capital : Reidsville, 
Public Works: Savannah and Flint River R. R. 

Taunton, t, p. v., and one of the capitals of Bristol co., 
ZTaas. : on Taunton r., 33 m. S. Boston. Lat. (Trin. Cong. 
Ch.) 410 54' U" N., long. TP 05' 55" W. The t. contains 
some good land, which is well cultivated, but the inhabit- 
ants are chiefly engaged in manufactures. The v. is well 
built, and contains many handsonie buildings and privale 
residences. Taunton Green is a fine public ground, orna- 
mented wilh trees, etc., fronting which is the court-house, o 
handsome C'liflce, wilh four Doric columns. There are 10 
churches, several of which are beautiful structures, a town- 
boose, jail, etc. The Mount Pleasant Cemetery is beauti- ; 



lYilly laid oUt, and contains, among other fine monumenta, 
one to the memory of Miss Elizabeth Poole, a chief founder 
of ihis t)lace. Some of the hotels are noted for their excel- 
hiue, and in summer accommodate many persons here 
speiiiliiiic ihe season. The Taunton liraneh U. It. diverges 
ai .Mauslield from the Boston and Providence R. R. (11 ra, 
to Mansrteld. 85 m. to Boston, 30 ni. to Providence), and 
here connects Willi the New Bedfonl and Taunton R. R. 
(20 m. to New Bedford), which intersects at Myrick's sta. 
in., wilh Fall River U. R. The Taunlon r. is navigable to 
this place for small vessels, and some shipping is here 
owned, which is employed in the coasting trade and fi'sh- 
eries. The manufaelures for which Taunton is noted are 
various, but the largest arc of printing cloths, castings, ma* 
chinery hardware, nails, etc. Great water-power is afford- 
ed by Taunlon r. and its branches. Canoe and Rumford 
rivers. Iron works were estiililished here as early as l(i52, 
Britannia ware, of superior nualily, is extensively inanu- 
lacliired. Among the principal factories of printing cloihs 
are the Whiltenlon Mdls, capital $100,000, and llopeweU 
Factory, capital $75,000, each making over l,200.0iiO yards 
annually. There is a large manufactory of railroad care, 
steam-engines, etc. The village also contains 8 banks, with 
aggiegate capitrd of $5oo,0oo, and 2 institutions for savings. 
Newspapers: "Taunton Daily Gazette'' (dera.), "Taunton 
Democrai'" (ilem.), weekly, and "American Whig," weekly. 
Pop. of I. in 1820, 4,030 ; in 1830, 6,042 ; in 1S40, T,645 ; in 
1850,10,4.31. 

Taunton river, Mam.: rises in Plymouth co., and flows 
S. W. into Mount Hope bay. It is navigable for sloops of 
50 ton.s to Taunlon v., about 20 m. It alTords extensive 
water-power, and abounds with alewives. 

Tawawa, p. o., Shelby county, Ohio: 64 m. W. N. "W. 
Columbus. 

Taw Taw. p. o., Allen co., Iiuf.: 104 m. N. E. by N. 
In<lianapo[id. 

TAvruF.EDA, p. v..Fond duLac co.yWi^c: on Winnebago 
lake, 76 m. N. K. Madison. 

Tayi.ok county, Iii. Siiuate S. toward the W., anil con- 
tains 522 sq. m. Drained by aftluenta of Nodaway and La 
Platte rivers. Surface undulating; soil fertile. Farms 27; 
niannf. ; dwell. 38. and pop.— wh. 204, fr. col. 0— t«jtal 204 
Capital : Taylor C. H. 

Tayi.ok county, Kij. Situate centrally, and contains 2{lS 
sq. m. Drained by affluents of Green river. Surface undu- 
lating; soil f.rlile, and adafitcd to grain and grazing. 
Chief productions tctljaeeo, wheat, Indian corn, and some 
cotton and sugar. Farms 648; manuf. 22; dwell. 971, and 
pop.— wh. 5,463, fr. col. 147, si. 1,640— total 7,250. Capital: 
Campffellsville. 

Tavuiu county, Virg., wa* erected in 1844 from Barbour, 
IlarriMoti, and Prest<Hi. Siiuate N. W„ and contains 214 
sq. ni. Drained by Munongaliela river, which passes 
through. Surface hilly and much broken; soil in some 
parts very Icrtile, beat adaple<I t(» grazing, ("hief products 
wheat. Indian corn, etc. l'"ariiis 5PJ ; mainif. Id; dwell. 
818. and ])o]).— wh. 5,130, fr. col. 69, si. 108— total 5,;i6T. 
Capital: Prunty Town. Puhlic Wvrks: Baltimore and 
Ohio R. R.; North Western R. R. 

Tavloi:, p. o,, Corllandt CO., K. Y.: 122 m. W. Albany. 

Taylou, p. o.j St. Charles parish, Iai^ : 60 ra. S. E. Baton 
Rouge. 

Taylor, p. o., Harford county, Md. : 39 miles N. by E. 
Annapolis. 

TAVLoa, p. v.. Ogle co,, Rl. : on S. side of Deep cr., 152 
m. N. by E. SpringtU-ld. 

Tayi.ok, p. o., Davis co., /«,; 72 m. S. W. loWa City. 
Taylok, p. 0., Posey county, Ind. : 144 miles S. W. by 8. 
Indianapolis. 

Taylok'8, p. v., Sumter dIsL, S. Car.: on S. side of 
Lynch's creek, 60 m. E. Columbia. 

Tavi.ok's. p. v., Jefferson co., Ai<i. : on the E. bi)undary ot 
the ctiunly, 94 ra. N. by W. Montgomery. 

885 



TAT 

Tavloe's Bridge, p. o., Sampson county, ^l Cur. : 54 m. 
S. Vi. by S. Kalcigh. 

Tatlobsbceg, p. 0., Banholotnew county, Ind. : 85 miles 
S. by E. Indianapolis. 

Tatlok'b Corskes, p. 0., De Kalb CO., Jnt?. ; 123 m. N. E. 
by N. iDciianapolis. 

Tavloe's Ckeek, p. 0., Liberty county, Ga. : 133 m. S. E. 
Milledgeville. 

Taylor's Falls, p. v., Washington co., Mi7m. Ter. : on 
tbe W. si.le of the St. Croi.t river, opposite tlie lower falls, 
S3 nj. above Stillwater, ami 109 m. N. by E. St. Paul's. It 
was laid out in 1S30 by a Mr. Taylor, and it now (1S53) con- 
tains 1 store, 1 hotel, 1 mill for grinding com, etc. 

Tavloe's Island, p. o., Dorchester county, J/i:?. .' on an 
island so called, 34 miles S. by E. Annapolis. 

Taylor's Stasd, p. o., Crawford county, Pciin. : 190 m. 
N. W. by W. Harrisburg. 

Tavloe's Stoee, p. o., Franklin county, Viry. : 123 miles 
W. by S. Richmond. 

Tavloe's Store, p. o., Knox co.. Mo. : 102 m. N. by E. 
JclTcrson City. 

TAVLORSTovra, p. v., Washington county, renn. : 179 m. 
W. Harrisburg. 

Tavlorsville, p. 0., Christian co., Kj/. : 163 m. S.W. by W. 
Frankfort. 

Tavlorsville, p. t., and cap. Spencer, county, Ki/. : 
on N. side of Salt river, at junction of Brashear's creek, 
29 miles W. S. W. Frankfort. It contains a coiirt-house, 
jail, etc. 

Tavlor-sville, p. c, Montgomery county, Oltio; 09 m. 
W. S. W. Columbus. 

Taylorstille, p. T., Clinton Co., TnJ. : 43 m. N. N. W. 
Indianapolis. 

Tavlorsville, p. v., Bucks co.. Pmn. : on W. side of 
Delaware r., and on the Delaware Division of the Pennsyl- 
vania Canal, 106 m. E. Ilarrisburg. 

Tavlorsville, p. v., and cap. Johnson Co., Tenn.: on 
"W. side of Roan's creek, 2T3 m. E. by N. Nashville. It con- 
tains a court-house, jail, etc. 

Tavlorsville, p. v., Anne Arundel CO., Md. : on tbe "W. 
side of the W. branch of Patuxeut r., 4 m. N. 'W. of Upper 
Marlboro', and 126 ni. S. W. Annapolis. 

Tavlorsville, p. o., Ontario county, N. T. : 135 miles W. 
Albany. 

Tavlorsville, p. v., Oakland co., Mich. : 53 m. E. by S. 
Lansing. 

Tavlorsville, p. v., and *ap. Hanover co., Virg. : at 
junction of Newfound and South Anna rivers, 20 m. N. 
Richmond. The Richmond, Frcderickburg, and Potomac 
E. E. passes through this place, 110 m. S. by W? from 
■Washington (D. C.) 
Tavlorsville, Patrick co., Virg. : (see Patrick C. H.) 
Tavloesville, p. v.. Smith CO., Miss. : on E. side of 
Leaf r., 5G m. S. E. by E. Jackson. 

Tavlorsville, p. v. Madison county, Ga.: 73 m. N. 
Milledgeville. 

Taylortos, p. v., Wayne co.. Miss. : 4 m. W. of Buck- 
atuna cr., 102 m. E. by S- Jackson. 

Tavloeville, p. v., and cap. Alexander co., iV. Car.: 
182 m. W. by N. Ealeigh. 

Tavlorville, v. and sta., Bartholomew Co., Iml. ; on the 
JeffersonviUe E. E., 73 m. N. by W. Jclfersonville, ai m. 
S, by E. ludianapolis. 

Tazewell county, nrg. Situate £. W., and contains 
1,056 sq. m. Drained by head waters of Clincli and Ilol- 
Bton rivers, Tug fork of Sandy r. and its branches, and 
tributaries of Great Kanawha r. Surface elevated ami 
somewhat mountamous ; sod moderately fertile, adapted to 
gr.ain and grass. Chief products, wheat, Indian com, and 
potatoes. Farms 726 ; manuf 12 ; dwell. 1,449, and pop.- 
wh. 3,807, fr. col. 76, si. 1,060— total 9,942. Capital: Taze- 
well C. H. 
Tazewell county, lU. Situate N. centrally, and contains 



TEL 

704 sq. m. Illinois r. runs on its N. W. border, by branches 
of 'Bhich and Sangamon r.. and also by Mackinaw cr., it is 
drained. Surface undulating and diversified; soil fertile, 
of a sandy nature, and adapted to grain, ^hief.produc- 
tions, wheat and Indi.an com. There is some line prairie 
and timber land. In the S. W. corner are some swamps. 
Pork and beef are exported. Agriculture is the leading 
pursuit. Farms 1,110 ; manuf. 76 : dwell. 1,091, and pop.— 
wh. 12.016, fr. col. 36— total 12,ii52. Cupital: Fremont 
Public Works ; Oquawka and Peoria E. E. 

Tazewell, p. v., and cap. Marion co., Ga. : on 3?. bank 
of S. Whitewater cr., a tributary of I'Uut r., 90 m. S. W. by 
W. Milledgeville. It contains a court-house, jgil, academy, 
and several churches. 

Tazewell, p. v., and cap. Claiborne CO., 'Tenn. : 198 m. 
E. by N. Nashville. It contains a court-house, jail, etc. 

Tazewell C. H., p. v., and cap. Tazewell CO., Virg. : on 
S. side Of N. fork of Clinch r., 217 m. W. by S. Richmond. 
The V. is called Jeffersonville, and contains the court-house, 
jail, etc. 

TcHCLA, p. o., Holmes co.. Miss. : on E. bank of Yazoo r., 
at the mouth of Funnigusha cr., 63 m. N. Jackson. 

TEAcnv's, p. o. and sta., Dnplin co., K Car. : on the Wil- 
mington and Weldon K. E., 1'24 m. B. Wcldon and 74 m. 
S. E. by S. Ealeigh. 

Teaze's Valley, p. 0., Kanawha county, 17;-^. .• 248 m. 
W. by N. Richmond. 

Tebo, p. o., Henry county. Mo. : 73 miles W. by S. 
Jefferson City. 

Teciie, U. S. collection district. La. : embracing Tech§ r. 
and vicinity ; had, on June 30th, 1350, a total tonnage of 
1,.331 tons, consisting of 955 tons enrolled and licensed, per- 
manent, and 426 tons licensed under 20 tons, of which the 
whole was employed in the coasting trade ; and 533 tons 
were propelled by steam. During the year preceding, its 
foreign commerce was. 2 entrances, 904 tons, with no clear- 
ances. Vessels built during the year, 4 (2 schooners, 1 sloop, 
1 steamer), 90 tons. Franklin is the port of entry. 

Tecue river. La. : rises near Red r., m Rapides parish, 
flows in a winding S. S. E. direction, and enters the outlet 
of Chetimeches lake, in Su Mary's parish. Its length is 
130 m., and it is 2u0 yards wide at the mouth. The chan- 
nel is deep, and the tide ascends more than 100 m. It is 
20 feet deep, has 8 feet water on the bar, and is navigable 
to New Iberia, 100 miles. 

TECU.MSEn, t and p. v., Lenawee county, Mic?i. : 56 m. 
S. E. by S. Lansing. Drained by Eaisiu r. and branch. 
Surface undulating; soil fertile. It contains a number of 
mills and Manufactories. The village of Clinton is in the 
N. and Tecumseh in the S. The latter has a pleasant loca- 
tion, and does a good business. It contains several flouring 
and saw mills ; and the " Tecumseh Herald" is published 
weekly. Connected with the Michigan Southern and 
Nortliern Indiana E. R. by the Tecumseh Branch E. E., 
8 m. distant from junction. II was the former seat of justice 
for the county, and contains a court-house, jail, etc. Popu- 
lation of t. 2,673. 

Tedeow, p. 0., Fulton county, Ohio: 121 m. N.N. W. 
Columbus. 

Tehama, v., Colusi Co., Calif. : on the right bank of 
Sacramento r., 127 m. N. by E. Tallejo. 

Tekoxsah. t and p. v., Calhoun county, Midi,: 46 m. 
S. W. by S. Lansing. Drained by St. Joseph r. Surface 
various', soil fertile. The v. is pleasantly located on St 
Joseph r. Pop. of t 651. 

Telfaie county, Ga. Situate S. centrally, and contains 
1,078 sq. m. Ocmulgee r. runs through it from E. to W., 
and then forms it N. W. boundary. It is drained by the 
Ocmulgee and its jirincipal branches, Horse, White, and 
Turnpike creeks, and tributaries of Santilla r. Surface 
even ; soil fertile, and produces corn, rice, and Indian corn. 
A portion of the land is covcredwith pine and other lim- 
ber. Farms 980 ; manuf. ; dwell. 340, and pop.— ish. 



TEL 



TEN 



2,09G. fr. col. 0, al. 930— totul 3,126. CapiUil: Jacksonville. 
Public Wofls: Savannah and Flint K. II. 

Teller's point. ^Vestc]n.-sle^ co,, JV' Y. : this peninsula 
lies on the E. sido of llmlson r, in the town of Cortlandt, 
above the moulU uf Croton r. It is '2 m. long and separates 
Uaverstraw and Tappaa bays. 

Tellico Plains, p. o., Monroe co., Tcnn.: on W. side 
of Tellico r., Ii4 ni. E. S. K. Nashville. 

Teluoa Sphings, p. 0., Chatooga co., (?a..- 1G5 m. N. "W. 
Milled »eviUe. 

Temascal, v., Los Angeles co., Ct-ilf'/. : on a branch of 
Ban Pedro r., 22 m. S. W. Mount Bernardino and 3G7 m. 
6. E. Yallejd: 

Trmperance, p. 0., Telfair co., Go. : on E. side of Oc- 
mulgee r., S-l ni. S. MiUedge\ ille. i 

Temperance, p. o., Amherst county, Vlvg.: 95 m. W. 
Eiehmnnd. i 

Tempep.axce Hall, p, c, De Kalb county, Tenti.: 51 m. I 
E. by S. Nashville. I 

Temper A NCEviLLE, p. o., Alleghany co., Pe?i)i.: 143 m. ! 
W. by N. Ilarrisburg. ! 

Temperanceville, p. v., Belmont county, Ohio: 105 hl , 
E. by N. Culumbus. j 

Temple, t. and p. v., Hillsboro' county, A^. Hamp. : S2 m. 
S. S. W. Concord. IJrained Jjy branches of Souhegan r., 
which rises in this toTvn. Surface uneven, and in parts quite 
mountainous; sod inferior. The village is located centrally. ' 
Pop. of t. 579. ■ j 

Temple Mjlis, p. o., Franklin county, Me. : 36 m. N. W. 
Augusta. I 

Temple of Health, p. o., Abbeville dist., S. Car.: on 



W. side of branch of Savannah river, 89 miles W. by N. 
Columbia. 

Temple, t. and v., Franklin county, Me.: 33 m. N. "W. 
Aujrusta. Drained by a brunch of Sandy r. Surface in the 
S. even, and on the N. it has the Blue Mountains, 2,700 feet 
high. Pop. 785. 

Te.mpletox, t. and p. v., "Worcester co,, Mms. : 54 m. 
■VT. by N. Boston. Drained by branches flf Miller's and 
Chieopee rivers. Surface uneven— the elevated parts adapt- 
ed to grazing, and in the valleys much grain is raised. Ita 
manufactures consist of woolens, leather, farming imple- 
ments, carriages, wooden-ware, etc. The Vermont and 
Massachusetts E. E. crosses the N. E. part of the town. 
The village is pleasantly located on a branch of Miller's r. 
Pop. of t. 2.178. 

Templeton, p. v., Prince George co., Yirg, : 30 m. S. E. 
Riehniund. 

Templeville, p. v., Queen Anne co., Md. : near the Del- 
aware State line, 39 m. E. by N. Annapolis. 

Texallytowx, p. o., "Washington co., D. of Col.: on the 
Georgetown and Frederick road, 2 m. N. from Georgetowu, 
and 5 m. N. W. from the Capitol. 

Ten Mile, p. o.. Washington co., P^nn. : on cr. of samo 
name, 1G7 m. W. Ilarrisburg. 

Ten Mile, p. o., Macon co.. Mo. : 90 m. N. Jefferson City. 

Ten Mile Point, p. c, Prairie co., Ark.: 27 m. E. by N". 
Little Rock. 

Ten Mile Speing, p. o., Cattaraugus co., N. Y. : 253 m. 
"W. by S. Albany. 

Ten Mile Stand, p. o., Meigs co.. Tenn. : on branch of 
Iliwassee r., 120 m. E. S. E. NashviUe. 



THE STATE OF TENNESSEE. 

Tennessee lies in the form of a parallelogram, with Kentucky and Virginia on the north. North Carolina on the east, 
Georgia, Alabama, and Mississippi on the souih, and the Mississippi Uiver on the west, which divides it from Missouri 
and Arkansas, and extends east and west between Sl° 37' and 9iio 2S' west from Greenwich, or 4P 35' and 13"^" 20' west 
from "Washington, and between the latitudes 35° and 3C0 35' north. From North Carulina it is separated c^ieOy by the 
Alleghanies. Its area is computed at 45,600 square miles. 

Tennessee is perhaps more diversified in the character of its surface than any other of the central States. In-^tlie east, 
mountain prevails, and in this section the country is traversed in a north and south direction by several ridges of the 
Appal;iehian chain, and in its topography presents much picturesque and beautithl scenery. The middle portion of the 
State is less bold in its outJines, and Ihc surface imperceptibly declines by gradations from a region overspr. ad by hills 
and sw^ells of ever-changing and varying elevation and character, to a rolling country of exquisite ferlility, and watered, 
by innumerable streams, affluents of its great rivers, the Cumberland and Tennessee. Between the Tennessee and the 
Mississippi in the west, the surface is nearly level, the general evenness being interrupted only by the courses of the low 
water-shed dividing the tributaries of tlie two rivers, or by alternations of woodland and prairie. In all the country, 
however, tiiere are but few portions so hilly and broken as to interfere with its agricultural capacities; tlie hills are 
clothed with wood to their summits, and the soil is evernvhere sufliciently feriile for profitable culiivation, or yields nour- 
ishing grasses for pasturage to the hitl-lops. The east abounds in minerals, the rich deposits of which are -only now 
being disclosed, and the spurs of the mountains contain in the various rocks materials useful for building purposes 
and ornamental architecture. 

The Kittatinny range, under the local name of Stone, Bald, Iron. Smoky, and Unika mountains, forms the dividing line 
between Tennessee and North Carolina, while the prolongation of iho Alleghany chain, of Chestnut Ilidge and of Laurel 
Eidge, traverse the State north and south. The latter, which here takes the name of Cumberland Mountains, spreads out 
in this State to a breadth of about fifty miles, filling that section of the country which lies between the Tennessee and the 
Cumberland rivers, before they take a western course, with long regular ridges of no great eI<*vation. Perhaps none of 
their summits exceed 2.000 feet in height, but the chains are continuous, interrupted only at great intervals by gaps or 
passes. In some places they are rocky and nigged, while in others, and generally, they swell grnlly from their elevated 
bases and embosom numeK>us, delightful, and fertile valleys. The valleys of the small rivers are extn-mly beautiful, and 
rich beyond any of the same description west of ihe Alleghanies. The valleys of the great streams— the Tennessee and 
Cumberland— ditfer little from the alluvions of the other great rivers of the central region of llie Union. In the small 
valleys are many flue plantations, so lonely that they seem lost among the mountains. 

Noble rivers, open to navigation, and fine pure streams, furnishing ample power for ecmomical purposes, are distin- 
guishing features of Tennessee. The Mississii>pi w.-ishes the western bordi-r for I61) miles, and its banks within this 
State afford some of the most valuable commercial sites to bo found in its long course. Tlie Cumberland has its sources 
and its mouth in Kentucky, but runs for about 250 miles in Termessee, through wliieh is its most southern bend ; it enters 
this State about longitude 85° 40', and leaves it about longitude SS^ 12'. autl wilhiii 10 miles to the east of Tennessee 
River. Steamboats have ascended to Burke.'^ville. in Kentucky, but ihey rarely pass above C.-irlhage, the point where 
Caney Fork meets the principal stream. To Nashville, the capital of the State, steambont navigation is easy and conve- 
nient. The Tennessee also rises beyond the limits of the State. The Clinch and Ilolslim have their sources in the 
Alleghany ridge of Virginia, but the Watauga, a tributary of the Uolston, the Nolichucky, and Big Pigeon, branches 

887 



TENNESSEE. 



of the French Broad Eivor, the LUtle Tennesisee, arnl the Hiwassee — al! rise in the Blue Biiige. The Little Tennessee is 
often consi'iered as Ihe nisiin river, out il is much infcTior to the Holstnn, with which it unites, and the confluence of the 
Holston and Clinch form the Teniici^see Jliver. M'lgt of these rivers are navigable by boats, and they receive nunieroos" 
TaUiable mill-slri-ains. The junction is effected at Kingston, whence the curse of the Tennessee is south and south-west 
until it enlers Alabama, through which Stale its course is generally west t> the Mississippi Slate line, on which it takes a 
north tlireclinn, through Tennessee and Kentucky, to the Ohio. After re-entering Tennessee, it flows 200 miles within its 
limits, and is navigable throughout that distance for steamboata. The Elk and Duck rivers are its only considerable 
tributaries: rising in the same district, on the western slope of the Curaberbnd Mountains, they reach their common 
recipient at a distance of 200 miles from each other, and are both navigable fur a considerable (Jistance. The Sequalchee 
is a smaller stream, flowing through a rich and beauliful valley in the Cumberland Mountains. Caney Fork, and Stoned 
Eiver, the principal tributaries of the Cumberland, are navigable streams: the former rises within the mountaifts, and the 
latter on their western slope. Western Tennessee is almost entirely drained by affluents of the Mississippi. 

Tlie mineral resources of Tennessee consist of valuable deposits of iron, copper, lead, etc., of which the ores are ex- 
ceedingly rich ; these are mostly located in the eastern and middle divisions of the State. Copper is of recent discovery, 
and promises to become a rich acquisition to the known resources of the country. Iron is extensively reduced along the 
borders of Cumberland River. In December. 1S53, there were in this region 19 furnaces, 9 forges, and 2 rolling-mills in 
operation,* and producing in the aggregate 44,500 tons of metal annually. Tlie lead-mines have been partially worked 
The gold region extends into the north-eastern part of Tennessee, but the metal has not been found in any large quanti. 
ties. Coal of excellent quality has been mined in the Cumberland Mountains, but, except for local purposes, can be of 
little value, Ihe means of transportation being inferior, and the coal-flelds of the Ohio basin being much more accessible 
and more cheap'y wrought. Formerly this coal was mined to a considerable extent, and carried from Crab Orchard 
Mountain, near Emory's Kiver, down the Tennessee to New Orleans. The supposed coal of Williamson, Davidson, and 
Maury counties is, according to Professor Troost, aluminous slate. The State contains quarries of excellent ruarble and 
other calcareous formations ; gjpsum is also abundant; nitrous earths are fmnd in the limestone caverns, and there area 
variety of other useful minerals throughout tlie country; east of the Tennessee salt is abundant. In the eastern section 
there are numerous sulphur and other mineral springs. Many of Ihe caverns are of great extent — some have been ex- 
plored for a distance of ten miles, and contain spacious apartments, and are traversed by considerable streams. 

The climate of Tennessee is mild and genial, being free from the scorching heals of the South and tlie chilling blasts 
of the North. Cattle may graze on the plains throughout the winter. Its salubrity is unquestionable; the low valleys 
where the waters are stagnant, and the alluvions of the great rivers, being exceptions. The soil of East Tennessee, prin- 
cipally calcareous, is eminently fertile. In the west the soils vary, and the strata descend from the mountains in the fol- 
lowing order: first, loamy soil, or mixtures of clay and sand; next, yellow clay; next, a mixture of red sand and red 
clay ; and lastly, white sand. In the southern parts are immense beds of oyster shells, on high table-lami, at a distance 
from any stream. Nearly all the forest trees of the central country are found in Itiis State ; juniper, red cedar, and savin 
cover the mountains. The pine-forests of the eastern section are valuable for their tar, turpentine, etc The sugar-maple 
is very abundanL Fruit in all its varieties is raised in great perfection in every part of the State. The agricultural pro- 
ductions are similar to those of the Ohio Valley generally, with the addition of cotton, which is grown chiefly in the south 
and west. The east is chiefly engaged in cattle-raising, and exports largely to the south. Tobacco and bcmp are aiso 
staples of Tennessee, and in quality are excellent. 
perfect growth. 

Tennessee is divided into 79 counties, the general statistics of which, and the capitals of each, in 1S50, were as follows: 



Eastern Tennessee— 2S counties. 



Counties. 


Pwell. 


Pop 


Anderson . 


..1,091 . 


. 6,9SS. 


Bledsoe. . . . 


. . 8.>4 . 


. 5,951 . 


Blount 


. . 1,992 . 


.13,332. 


Bradley . . . 


.. 1,965 


.12.259 . 


Campbell. . 


.. 916 


. 6,063 . 


Carter 


.. 1,002 


. 6,296. 


Claiborne . 


.. 1,425. 


. 9,369 . 


Cooke 


.. 1,295 


. S,3II0 . 


Granger . . . 


.. 1.S94 


.12,370 . 


Greene 


. . 2,938 


.17,824 . 


Hamilton.. 


. . 1,590 


.10.075 . 


Hancock... 


..~ 989 


. 5,660 . 


Hawkins .. 


. . 2.019 


.13,370 . 


JelTerson . . 


. . 1,975 


.13,204 . 


Counties. 


Dwell. 


Pop. 


Bedford . . . . 


. . 2.T54 . 


. 21,512 . 


C.iimon 


. . 1.326 . 


9.9S2 . 


Coffee 


.. 1,1T9 . 


8,351 . 


Davidson . . 


. . 4,257 . 


88,881 . 



Fanns 
in cult. 
. 698. 


Mnnuf. 
E.tnb. 
. 9.. 


. 825. 


. 2.. 


. 976. 
. 886 
. 621. 
. 565 


. 38.. 
. 44. 
. 14. 
. 47. 


. 944. 


. 24. 


. 886 


. 86. 


. 723 . 


. 34. 


.1,846 


. 47. 


. 633 


. 10. 


. 7S7 
. 735 
. 904 


. 17. 
. 21. 
. 72. 



Cn pit ills, 

Clinton 

Pikeville 

Marysville 

Cleaveland 

Jacksboro' 

Elizabeth town 

Tazewell 

Newport 

Rutledge 

Greenville 

Harrison 

Snecdville 

Rogersville 

Danbridge 



Cdunties. Dwell, 

Johnson 505 

Knox 2,S04 

Marion 957 , 

Meigs S19 

Monroe 1,816 

Morgan 581 

M-Minn 2,040 . 

Polk I,:il2, 

Khea 6S1 

Koane 1,812 . 

Scott 296 , 

Sevier l.OTl 

Sullivan 1,826. 

Wiishington .. 2,155 . 



Pop. 


intuit. 


E»l«b 


Capitals. 


. 8,705 


. 326. 


. 42. 


. Taylorsville 


.18.755 


.1,408 


. 67. 


. Knoxville 


. 6,314 . 


. 724. 


. 9. 


. Jasper 


. 4,879 


. 693. 


. 1. 


. Decatur 


.11,874 . 


. 918. 


. 69. 


. Madisonville 


. 3,430 . 


. 430 . 


. 8. 


. Montgomery 


.1.3,.106 . 


.1,688 . 


.115. 


. Atlieus 


. 6,333 . 


. 561. 


. 11. 


. Benton 


. 4.415 


. 805. 


. 2. 


. Washington 


.12.135 . 


. 843. 


. 21. 


. Kingston 


. 1,905. 


. 290 . 


. — . 




. 6,930 . 


. 681. 


. 12. 


. Sevier 


.11,742 . 


. 816 . 


. 15. 


BlonntyiUe 


.13,861 . 


. 922. 


.120. 


. Jonesboro* 



Middle Tennessee— 32 counties. 



Farms Mamif. r-.„i.-.l<i 

. 936.. 23.. Shelby ville 
. 877.. 7..Wooribury 
. 485 . . 19 . . Manchester 
88,881 ..l,a48..169..NASuviLLE 



Couiitie*. llwell. 

Dickson 1,080 . 

De Kalb 1,247., 



Fentress . 



707 



P"!'- in<-..lt. Kstab. Capitals. 

8,404 . . 467 . . 14 . . Charlotte 
8,016.. 717,. 24 . . Smithville 
4,454.. 499.. 5 .. Jamestown 



Franklin 1,633 ..13,768 ..1,015 .. 67 .. Winchester 



* The folkiwing statistics are IVom Hunt's " Mercbants' Magazine" for May, 1B53. 

Number Proiliicta. Value of 

of Work*. iai2. Products. 

FurnaceB 19 29,200 tons pig metal J&iT.OOO . 

Fors^s 9 10,600 " blooms 53.3,000 .. 

Boiling .Milla 2 4.700 " bar iruii 421,000 - 



Capital 



Total 30 4-i,600 41.673,000 $1,216,j00 l,3aS . 



HaiiJs Employed. 

WliilM.^ * .Negroes 

$7.Vi.lX)0 1,04S 1,:J60 

2r>.noO 3S0 410 

225,000 90 HO 



, 1^10 



TENNESSEE. 



Middle TtiNNESSEK— 32 counties— [cojiiinu^'fr]. 



Counties. Dwell. 

Giles 2,S30. 

Grundy 435 . 

Hickman 1,206. 

Humphreys . . 919 . 

Jacbsoa 2."25 . 

Lawrence 1,361 . 

Lewis 599 . 

Lincoln 3,010 . 

Macon 1,041 . 

Marshall 2,061 . 

Maury 2,961 . 

Montgomery . 2,080 . 



Counties, 



'ell. 



Benton 9S4 . 

Carroll 2,105 . 

Decatur 941 . 



Dyer. 

Fayette . . . . 

Gibson 

Henderson. 
Haywood . , 
Hardeman . 
Hardin 



. 8'J4 . 
. 1.961 . 
. 2.529 . 
. 1.798 . 
,. 1.454. 
. 1.735 . 
.. 1.503 . 



Pop. 


Farms 
incult. 


Wanu 
E>lab 


Cajutals. 


counties. 


Dwell. 


Pop. 


25.9-19 . 


.2,075 . 


.189. 


. Pulaski 


Overton 


. 1,673 . 


. 11,211 


2,7T3 


. 263 


. 2. 


. AlLimont 


Robertson . . 


. 1,995 . 


. 16,145 


9.397 


. 7-S. 


. 46. 


. Ccnfreville 


RuthertbrJ. 


. 2.S95 . 


. 29,122 


6,432 


. 679 


. 46. 


. Waverly 


Smith 


. 2.422 . 


. 13,412 


15,673 


.1,211 . 


. 4. 


. Gainesboro' 


Stewart 


. 1,235 


. 9,719 


9,230 


. 993 . 


. 48. 


. Lawrenceburig 


Sumner 


. 2,565 . 


. 22,717 


4,4;)8 


. 894. 


. 13. 


. Hampshire 


Van Bureu . 


. 404 . 


. 2,674 


23,492 . 


.1.926 . 


.100. 


. Fayetteville 


Warren.... 


. 1.3S7 . 


. 10,179 


6J)4S 


, 782 


. 3. 


. La Fajftle 


W:iyue 


. 1,216 


. 8,170 


15,616 . 


.1,082 . 


. 83. 


Lewisburg 


While 


. 1,706 


.11,4+4 


29.520 


.1.501 


.112 . 


. Columbia 


Williamson. 


. 2,5.34 


. 27,201 


21,045 


.1,227 


. 69. 


. Clarksville 


Wilson .... 


. 3,411 


.27,444 






Westeen Tennessee— 19 counlius. 




P,.p. 


Farms 

irirult. 


Manr. 
Kstub 


'; Cai.itala. 


Ciinnties. 


Dwell. 


Pop. 


6,315 . 


. T06. 


. 2. 


Camden 


Henry 


. 2,245 . 


. 13.233 


15,96T . 


.1,404 . 


. 24. 


Iluntinedon 


Lauderdale. 


. 56S . 


. 5,109 


6.003 


. 443 . 


. 15. 


. Decaturville 


Matlison 


. 2,2S2 . 


. 21,470 


6,361 . 


. 515 . 


. 7 . 


Dyersburg 


M-.Nairy.... 


. 1,S95 . 


. 12,314 


26,719 


.1,172 . 


. 29 . 


. Somerville 


Obi'in 


. 1,131 . 


. 7,633 


19.S4S . 


.2,160 . 


. 43. 


. Trenlon 


Perry 


. 927 . 


. 5,822 


13.104 . 


. 973 . 


. 25. 


. Lexington 


Shelby 


. 2,926 . 


. 31,167 


l-,3.i9 . 


. 967. 


. 13. 


Brownsville 


Tipton 


. 313 . 


. 8,837 


17,456 


.1,027 . 


. 64. 


. Bolivar 


Wealiley.... 


. 1,943 . 


. 14,608 


10,323 


. 690. 


. 19. 


. Savannah 









Farms 

ia cult. 

. 929 . 
.1,063 . 
.1..507 . 
.1,310 . 
,. 936. 
.1,335 . 
. 192 . 
. 615. 
. 689. 
.1,341 . 
,.1,356 . 
.1,933 . 



Farms 
Ifl cilt. 

.1,478 
. 237, 
.1,403 
.1,379 
. 6.'i3 
. 458 
.1,115 
. 031 
.1,467 



Manor. 
Est.^b. 
. 9.. 
.63.. 
. 41 .. 
. 82 . . 
. 83.. 
.103.. 
. 6.. 
, 6.. 
.10.. 
. 23 . . 
.64.. 
.86.. 



tVIanuf. 
Efitab. 

.51.. 

. 4.. 

.49.. 

.83.. 

. 6.. 

. 4.. 

.129.. 

.16.. 

. 13 . . 



Capitals' 

Monroe 

Springfield 

Murfreesboro' 

Carthage 

Dover 

Gallatin 

Spencer 

M'Minnville 

Waynesboro' 

Sparta 

Franklin 

Lebanon. 



Capitala. 
Paris 
Kiptey 
Jackson 
Piirdy 
Troy 
Linden 
Kaleigh 
Covins;ton 
Dresden 



The whole number of dwellings in the State was, at the above date, 129.420; of families, 130,00a; and of inhabitants, 
1,002,625; viz.. whites 756,893— males 882,270, and females 374,623; fr. col. G.271— males 3,072, and females 3,199, and 
si. 239.461. or the whole population there were, deaf and dwnh—wh. 835. fr. col. 2, st. 40— total 377 ; bUnd—v/li. 385, 
fr. col. 10. si. 73— total 468; inmne—wh. 453, fr. col. 4, si. 21— total 47S; and idiotic—v/'h. 789, fr. c«>l. 4, si. 6*— total 854 
The number of free persons bom in the United States was 755,655, the number of foreign birlh 5,740, and of birih un- 
known 1.759. The natire population originated as fullows: Maine 97, N. llarap. 64. Vcrni. 179, Mass. 331, li. I. 33, 
Conn. 261, N. York 1,019, N. Jer. 248, Penn. 2,146, Del. 95, Md. 1.554, Dist. of Col. 101, Virg. 46,631, N. Cur. 72,027, 
8. Car. 15.197, C.a. 4,863, Flor. 369, Ala. 6,39S, Miss. 2,137, La. 261, Te.v. 100, Ark. 496, Te7i?iessee 585.0*1, Ky. 12,069, 
Ohio 742, Mich. 7, Ind. 769, 111. 872, Mo. 920, la. 30, Wise. S, Calif, n, Tt-rrilories 2 ; and the foreign population was com- 
posed of persons from— England 706, Ireland 2,640, Scotland 327, Wales 17, Germany 1,168, France 245, Spain 3. Portugal 2, 
Belgium 4, Holland 57, It:ily 59, Austria 10, Switzerland 266, Russia 9, Denmark S, Norway 0, Sweden S, Prussia 33, 
Sardinia 2, Greece 2, China 0, Asia 3, Africa 5. British America 76, Mexico 12, Central America 0, South America 0, 
West Indies 20, Sandwich Islands 0, and other countries 59. 

The following table will show the decennial progress of the population since the first census of the State, taken by the 
United Stales authorities : 

Cotoreil Perflors. Perpnni.ii IniTPnse. 

Census Wliit© , ' ■ , 



years. 


Persons. 


Free. 


Slave. 


1790,... 


.... 32,013.... 


.... 361.... 


.... 8,417 


1800.... 


.... 91,709.... 


.... 809.... 


.... 13,.'>S4 


ISIO.... 


....215,875.... 


....1,317.... 


.... 44.635 


1S20.... 


....339.937.... 


....2.779.... 


.... 80,107 


1330.... 


....635.640.... 


....4.655.... 


....141,603 


1840.... 


....640,627.... 


....5.624.... 


....133,069 


1350.... 


....760.893.... 


....6,271.... 


....239,401 



, Total 

Tolal. Population. 

3,778 35,791... 

1.3.893 105,602... 

45,S,i2 261,727... 

S2,SS6 433,S13... 

146.268 681,904... 

138..')S3 829,210... 



Nun 



Per cent. 



.. 69,811 195.0 

.150,125 147.3 

.101.086 61.5 

.259,091 61.2 

.147..30li 21.6 

.1,002,725 173,615 20.9 



The general st-ilisties of the industry, products, wealth, and institutions of the Slate, according to the census returns of 
1850, and other oflBcial documents referring to the same year, are as follows: 

Occvpied I.muU, ffc.—Improved farm lands, 5,175,172 acres, and unimproved attached lands, 13,303,849 acres— valued 
together at $97,361,212. The whole number of farms under cultivation on the 1st June, 18.50, was 72,710, of which 21,232 
were in Eastern Tennessee, 32,546 in Middle Tennessee, and 18,933 in Western Tennessee. Totiil value of farming 
implements and machinery. $3,360,320. 

Zicti-.'foc/!-.— Horses, 270,6.36 ; asses and mules, 75.303 : milch cows. 230,4.56; working-oxen, 86,255 ; other cattle, 414,051 ; 
sheep, 811,591 ; and swine, 8,114,111. These numbers, compared with the stock in 1S40, exhibit the following results: 



18,10. 

!■ 841,409 head. 



Description. 

Horses 

Mules and Aases 

Milch Cows 

Working O.xen 

Other Cattle 

Sheep 741,693 

Swine 2,926,607 



(■ 322,851 



1R=,0. 

27",0,30 head 
76,303 " 

2.50,456 
.86,255 

414,051 

S11„W1 
8,114,111 



> incr. 4,580 head, or 1.3 per cent 



I 2.50,456 " 1 

.-] .86,255 '■ \. 

I 414,051 " I 



rf«r. 72,089 ' 


or 


9.6 


incr. 69,998 ' 


or 


9.4 


incr. 187,604 ' 


or 


6.4 



.—the live-stock in 1850 was valued in the aggregate at $29,978,016. 

iV(X«Mctow'Jii»na;«.— Wool, 1,364,378 pounds; butter, 8,139,535 pounds • cheese, 177,081 pounds; and the valneofanK 

889 



TENNESSEE. 



mals slaughtered was $6,401,765. The wool crop according to the ceusus of 1S40 amounted to 1,060,382 pounds ; and hence 
the increase exhibited in 1850, is 304,046 pounils, or 19.2 ptr cent. The product per fleece in ISlOj was 22.8 ounces, 
and in 1S50, 26.S ounces— increase in production 4 ounces per fleece, or 1T.6 per cent. 

Grain O-ty?^.— Wheat, 1,619,336 bushels ; rye, S9,I63 bushels; Indian corn, 52.279,223 bushels; oats, 7,703,086 bushels; 
barley, 2,737 bushels ; and hucbwheal, 19,427 bushels. Comparatively, the grain crops returned in 1840 and 1S50 were as 
follows : 

Crops, lS4n. 1,9,10. 

Wheat 4,569,692 bushels 1 619,386 bushels 

Rye 804,320 " S9.168 " 



Movement. 




deer. 2,950,306 bushels 


,or 


64.5 per cent. 


<Jeer. 225,151 


« 


or 


78.9 " 


incr. 7,293,035 


" 


or 


16.2 " 


mei: 667,403 


(( 


or 


9.4 " 


(Jeer. 2,072 


« 


or 


4.3.1 " 


incr. 2,309 


(I 


or 


lai " 



Indian com 44.9S«,1SS " 52,279,223 " 

Oats 7,035,673 " 7,703.086 " 

Barley ." 4,so9 " 2,737 " 

Buckwheat 17,118 " 19,137 " 

Ottter Food C«2)«.— Eice, 258,854 (in 1S40, 7,977) pounds; peas and beans, 369.321 bushels; potatoes— Irish, 1,060,S41 
bushels, and sweet. 2,777.716 bushels. The potato crnp of 1S40 amounted to 1,904,370 bushels, and hence the inere.ise in 
1S50 was 1,934,190 bushels, or 101.5 per cent. The cultivation of rice may be said to have been commenced within the 
decade. 

MUedlaneom Crops. — Tobacco, 20,148,933 pounds ; cotton, 194,682. bales of 400 pounds ; hay, 74,092 tons ; clover-seed, 
6,096 bushels ; other gmss seed, 9,118 bushels ; hops, 1,032 pounds; hemp — dew-rotted 3^913 tons, and water-rotted 1,183 
tons : flax, 367,807 pounds ; Hax-seed, 18,905 bushels ; silk cocoons, 1,923 pounds ; sugar — maple, 153,557 pounds, and cane, 
248 hogsheads of 1,000 pounds; molasses, 7,223 gallons; beeswax and honey, 1,036,572 pounds; wine, 92 gallons, etc. 
The value of orchard products was .$52,i94, and of market-garden products $97,133. On comparison with the like pro- 
ducts of 1340 the following are the results 

Crops. ISHO. I860. Movement. 

Tobacco 29,550,482 pounds 20,148.9.32 pounds deer. 9,401,500 pounds, or 81.8 per cent. 

Cotton 27,701,277 " 77,812,800 " Mitr. 60,111,523 " or 180.9 " 

Hay 81,233ton3 74."92 tons, incr. 43,349 tons or 140.4 " 

Hemp — dew*rotled... J i 3,913 '* \ 

" waler-roUed...*[- 3,3441 tons -j 1,1S3 " [• i'm;'. 4,291,167 pounds, or 57.2 " 

Flax ) ( 867,807 pounds ) 

Sugar— maple i 1 168,667 " i . ,.„.„. 

11 gj^„' J 258,078 pounds -{243,000 « f ""^''- 14S.'1S4 pounds, or 

Wine 663gallons 92gallons dear. 661 gallons, or 86.9 



57.5 



Rom^-mrtdfi ^fanvfnetnren were produced in the year end ingl.sl June, 1350, to the value of $3,137,710. The same class 
of goods for the census year of 1S40, were v.ilued at $2,886,661. Increase $251,049, or 8.7 per cent. 

.a/iinw/hcfwivs.- Aggregate capital invested, $0,000,000; value of all raw m;itirial, fuel, etc., used and consumed, 
$0,000,000; hands empl<iyed 00,000— males 0,000, and females 0,000; monthly cost of labor $00,000— male $00,000, and 
female $00,000; value of the year's products, $0,000,000. The whole number of manuliieluring establishments in opera- 
tion on the Ist .Tune, 1350, and producing to the value of $500 and upward annually, was 2,739 — in the Eastern District 
941, in the Middle District 1,297, and in the Western District 551, and distributed to the counties of each district as exhibit- 
ed in the general table. Of the aggregate number 33 were cotton factories, 4 woolen factories, 81 iron works — 16 making 
castings, 23 making pig iron, and 42 ifiaking wrought iron — and 394 were tanneries. The total capital employed in mau- 
Ufactures, according to the returns of 1840, amounted to $3,731,539. 

Cotton mnnnfiieiures employ a capital of $669.600 ; consume annually 6.411 bales of cotton, and 8,010 tons of coal, 
valued at $297,600 ; hands employed 391— males 310, and females 581 ; monthly cost of labor, $7,124— male .$3,892, and fe- 
male $3,730; products of the year— sheeting, etc., 803,250 yards, and yarn 2,326,250 pounds; value of entire protlucls, 
$510,644. In 1340 there were in the State 38 factories, with an aggregate capital amounting to $462,^40, employing 1,542 
hands, and producing to the annual value of $326,719. 

Woolen tnanufaetttres have a capital of $10,900 ; used 6.200 pounds of wool, valued at $1,676 ; hands employed 17 — 
males 15, and females 2 ; monthly cost of labor $277 — male $205, and female $12 ; hats m.anufaclured 2,220, valued at 
$6,310. There are probably other woolen factories producing to a less amount than $51)0 annually. In 1840, the number 
of factories was 26, and fuUiug-mills 4, with an aggregate capital of $25,000, employing 45 hands, and producing to the 
value of $14,290. 

Iron manu/acturcs enumerated in the census of 1850, exhibit the following statistical details : 

SpecificntionB. Pig Iron. Cast Iron. Wrongl.t Iron. Total. 

Capital invested dollars.... 1,021,400 139,.5()0 776,080 1,935,950 

Ironoreused ton.H 83,310 6,050 9,161 103.011 

Piglronused " — 1,682 11,696 18,878 

Blotimsused " — — 825 325 

Mineral Coal consumed " 177,167 24,090 6,288 203.095 

Coke and Charcoal consumed Utsliels.... 164,000 13,2u0 — 173,200 

Value of all raw material, etc dollars... 264,000 90,0.35 885,010 780,651 

Hands employed— male ntunher... 1,713 261 731 2.705 

" ■' female " ... 109 8 55 172 

Monthly cost of labor— male dollars... 21,953 4,6^7.. 11,111 87,766 



658 86 275 869 

Ironproduced Urns 80,420 8,834 10,348 44,152 

Value of ah other products dollars... 41.900, — 38,300 S»,700 

Value of entire products " ... 676,100 264,325 670,618 1.611,043 

•-ijilS40 there were in Tennessee 34 furnaces, producing 16,128^ tons cast iron, and 99 bloomeries, forges, and roUiug- 
t>40 



TENNESSEE. 



mills, producing 9,673 tons bar iron ; fuel consumed, 187,453 tuns ; hands employed 2,266, and aggregate capital invested 
In the manufacture, $1,514,736. 

^ Tamterks employ a capital of $490,320 ; value of hides and skins, $390,159 ; hands employed 921— males 916, and fe- 
males 6 ; monthly cost of labor $U.37ii— male $I4,33S, and fi-mah' $02 ; sidt-s tjf leather tanned 333,SSS, and skins tanned 
4.3,429 ; value of annual products, $746,4^. Tlie number of tanticric-s in 1S40 was 454, emplojing a cnpilal of $484,114, 
and 909 hands, and produ^:ing annually 133.547 sides of sole ioalber, and 171.324 sides of upper leallier. 

Mult and spiritoun liquors employ in tliuir nianufjiL-lure $Gij.l25 ; quatililies and kinds of griiin, etc., Cfinsumed— barley 
8,001) bushels; corn 25S.400 bushels, and rye 5,4X1 hu.sluda; hands ciiipluu'd, 159; and whisky and high wines produced 
657,000 gallons. In 1340 there were repnrted 1,426 dislilk-rih'S, producing aimually I,lu9,lu7 gallons, and G breweries, pro- 
ducing 1,S35 gallons; hands employed 1,341, and capital invested $21S,0S2. 

Tennessee has also large manufactories of macliinery, hardware, and other metallic ware, brick-yards, tobacco factories, 
saddlery manufactories, potteries, paper-mills, cordage factories, carriage factories, etc. Grist, saw, flour, and other mills 
common to agricultural States, employ nbout one-tliird tlie whole capital invested in manufactures. The chief manufac- 
turing centres are Nashville, Knoxville, Memphis, etc., but the great bulk of the manufactures are distributed among the 
villages, and as yet there are no manufacturing towns such as exist in the Eastern States. 

Cornme/\-e (uid internal communication. — Tennessee has no dirgct foreign commerce. The internal trade carried on 
through its rivers, railroads, and other channels, however, is extensive, and a large amount of produce, goods, and mer- 
chandise is carried to the seaboard at New Orleans, Savannah, and Charleston, and much of the produce of the State is 
brought d*iwn the Tennessee and Cumberland rivers to the Ohio, ami seeks a northern outlet by way of Piltgburg and the 
lakes. The shipping owned in the district of N.ashville in 1S.50 amounted to 3.776 tons, all of which was navigated by 
steam-p'iwer. The system of railroads in Tennessee is as yet but partially completed, but great progress has been made, 
and a magiiil^cent system projected. The centres are Nashville and Knoxville. From Nashville, lines diverge toward 
every direction — north toward Henderson, Louisville, Cincinnati, and Maysville, east toward Savannah and Cliarlestou, 
south toward Mobile and New Orleans, and west toward the Mississippi, at Memphis, etc. The great line from Mobile to 
Cairo also passes through this State, From Knoxville, lines also diverge to Louisville, on the Ohio, to Kichmond on the 
Atlantic, anil to the southern Atlantic ports. The ('harleston and Memphis Railroad is also in part within this State, but 
chiefly in Mississippi and Alabama. Tennessee has no canals, but several of the rivers have been improved and rendered 
navigable. The county roads, turnpikes, etc., are of ordinary conslruelion, and hitherto have been the only available 
channels of trade to and from the rivers. They are genernliy good, and, except in wet weather, answer the present de- 
mands of the country. The several lines of railroad are detailed in the Appendix. 

Bank-'i.—Ow the 1st January, 1S51, there were in Tennessee 4 banks and 19 branch banks. The Bank of Tennessee 
(head quarters at Nashville) has branches at Athens, Clarksville, Columbia, Rogersville, Shelbyville, Somerviile. Sparta, 
and Trenton ; the Planters' bank of Tennessee (Nashville) has branches at Athens, Clarksville, Franklin, Memphis, and 
Pulaski ; the Union Bank of Tennessee (Nashville) has branches at Columbus, Chattanooga, Jackson, Knoxville, and 
Memphis; and the Bank of East Tennessee is located at Knoxvillej The condition of the reporting banks at the date 
specified was as follows: liabilities — capital, $6,8S1.56S ; circulation, $6,S14,376; deposits, $1,917,757 ; due other banks, 
$61,633 ; and other liabilities, $10,000 ; and assets— Xoans and discounts, $10,992,139 ; stocks, $4:32.902 ; real estate, $662,520 ; 
due by other banks. $1,559,413; notes of other banks, $729,186; and specie, $1,453,773. A free banking law has come 
into operation since the above returns were made, and several banks have commenced under its provisions. 

Government. — The first constitution of Tennessee was adopted at Knox^'ille in 1796, and amended atNiishville in 1334. 
The rig?d of suffrage is secured to every free male white citizen. 21 years old, resident in the county where he offers 
his vote six months next before the election. Every man is to be considered white who is a ompetent witness in court 
against a white man. The general election is held every second year on the first Thursday of August, 

The Legihlature consists of a House of Representatives and a Senate. Representatives, in number not exceeding 75, 
until the population of the State is 500,000, and thereafter not exceeding 99 (now 75), shall have the same qualillcations aa 
voters, and have resided in the State three years, and in the county one year next before the election. Senal>irs, in num- 
ber not exceeding one-third of the represenia fives, shall have the qualifications of representatives, and shall be 30 years 
of age. Representatives and Senators are chosen for two years. The sessions commence (every secon*! year) on the first 
Monday of October. " A census shall be taken and an apjjortionment made in 1341, and in every tenth year thereafter." 
The Governor must be 30 years of age, a citizen ef the United States, and a citizen of the State for seven years pre- 
ceding the election, and is chosen by a i)lurality of votes for two years, but the same person is not eligible for more thaii 
six out of every eight years. If the oflice of Governor become vacant, the Speaker of the Senate, and after him the 
Speaker of the House of Representatives, shall act as Goveriior. 
The a'hninifitrative officers are. the Secretary of SUtte, the Treasurer. Comptroller of the Treasury, Attorney-general, etc. 
The judiciary\% vested in a Supreme Court, a Court of Chancery, and Circuit Courts. The supreme court is constituted 
of three judges, one of whom resides in each of the three grand divisions of the State. Judges of thi.'i court must be at 
least 35 years of age. and are elected by joint ballot of the two houses of the General Assembly for 12 years. The court 
of chancery is presided over by a chancellor, one in each of the f-tur ch.anrery rlistricts of the State. There are fourteen 
circuit courts, also a special criminal court in Davidson county (Nashville), and a commercial ,-ind criminal court of Shelby 
county (Memphis). The judges of all inferior courts must be at !i-,Tst 30 years of age. and are chosen in the s.ame way as 
supreme court justices, but only for eight years. All judges receive a fixed compensation, and are removable on a vote 
of two-thirds of both houses. Justices of the peace arc elected in districLs for sLk years; sheriffs in counties for two years, 
and registrars for eight years. 

Among the provisions of the constitution are the following: No person who denies the being of a God or a future sUite 
of rewards and punishments, can hold any ofiSce; any person directly or indirectly engaged in a duel shall he diaqnali- 
fled for office; no fine exceeding $50 shall be laid on any citizen of the Slate, unless assessed by a jury ; lotteries and ^he 
sale of lottery tickets are prohibited ; the proportion and the proceeds of the sale of the public lands coming to the State 
shall be applied U^ education and internal improvement; the Genera! Assembly can not emancipate slaves without the 
consent of the owners, etc. 

Amendments to the constitution, if agreed to by a majority of the mcmhcre of the two houses, shall be pahlished six 
months before the next general election, and if approved by a vote of two-lblrds of the members of the next Legislature, 
shall be submitted to the people, and if ratified by a majority of votes, shall be adopted. But the Legislature shall not 
propose alterations oftener than ten years. 



TENNESSEE. 



Federal Hep re-sen fat ion. — In accordance with Ihe law of 2-3iJ May. 1550, Tennessee is entitled to Un representatives in 
the Congress of the Uniied Stales. 

J^hiances, Debt, etc. — There had been paid into the treasury, during the biennial period endint; on the first Jfonday in 
October, 1S51; the sum of ^I,(i04,(tn4 94, and Ihert? had been paid ont witliin the same period for all purpr^ses, :fi)3:l,431 25. 
Excess f)f receipts over disliursemenis for the two years, $70,573 60, which, added to balances from former ye:trs. amount- 
ing to $I52,iy^ 11» makes the resources of Ihe treasury in October, ISot, $2'i2,77I SO. The receipts have inereas<-d within 
the last two years from $790,695 5-i to $1,004,004 94. and the disbursements from $862,436 66 to the sum of $033,431 25. 

The State debt amounted at the date aforenamed to $3,651,So6 66. and tlie annual interest on it to $105,626 37. The 
amount of productive property held by the Stale in ISol was $4,12S,725 74; school fund, $1,321,655. Ordinary annual 
expenditure, exclusive of debts and school fund, $290,000. 

The principal heyievoUnt inntitutionfi of Tennessee are, the Lunatic Asylum and Institution for the Blind at Nashville, 
and the Deaf and Dumb School at Knoxville, The State appropriates about $5,000 annually to each of these institutions. 

Tennessee has made no general returns of its militia force to the Cnited States Government since 1S40. At that date 
the total number enrolled was 71,252, of which 3.607 were commissioned oEBcers, and 67,645 non-commissioned officers, 
musicians, artificers, and privates. Of ibe commissioned offlcers 25 were general officers, 79 general staff-ofScers, 859 fleld- 
ofBcers, etc., and 2,644 company-officers. All white male persons between IS an<l 45 years of ago are subject to milit.iry 
duty ; but all free colored men are exempt in time of peace, and exempt also from poll tax. 

Ediuiation. — The only returns required of the District School Commissioners are of the scholastic population of their 
several districts. The amount of school fuuil apportioned among the several counties in July, 1847. was $117,234 12 • 
Increased by sums remaining undrawn, in treasury, and otherwise, to $191,241 S4. Scholastic population at the same 
time, 266,078. Amount apportioned in July, 1S4S, $114,227 IS. Scholastic population in 1S4S, 272.000 and a fraction. 
There are academies in all the principal towns and villages which receive a portion of the school fiuid. The principal 
colleges and professional schools within the State, and the statistics of each, as exhibited by their returns in 1S50, are as 
follows ; 



Names. Lociticm. Fownciecl. 

East Tennessee College Knoxville 1792 ... 

"Washingtim College TiVashington co 1795 ... 

"University of Nashville i.. Nashville 1S06 ... 

Jackson College 

Tusculum College 

Cumberland University 

Franklin College , 

Union College , 



Professoffl. 

.. 5 



.... Columbia 1S33 5 , 

► ... Near Greenville 1S47 2 . 

Lebanon 1S44 5 . 

.... Near Na.shville 1S45 5 . 

.... Murfreesboro' 1848 5 . 

South-western Theol. Sem. (Presb.) Mary ville 1S21 2 . 



Alumni. 

.122 ... 

. lis ... 

.895... 
. . 46 . . . 
,. 10 ... 



6 . 
90. 



student.. 
. . . 5T . . . 
. . . 22 . . , 
... 75... 
. . . 26 . . . 
... 86 ... 
... 63 ... 
. . . 80 . . . 
... 100 ... 
... 24... 



I. in libr. 
4,508 
1.800 
10,207 
2,500 

5,000 
8,000 
1,300 
6.000 

— the Cumberland TJniversity has a Law Department, which in 1850 had 3 professors and 5S students, and the University 
of Nasliville has a Medical Deiiartraent, which at the same time had T professors. 

Public Libraries. — According to the report of the Librarian of the Smithsonian Instilute, in l^.'Jl, there were in the 
Slate 21 libraries and 4r,.35G volumes; 1 Slate library— S,0li0 volumes; 9 college— 20,S44 volumes; S sludenls'— 9,712 
■volumes; 1 professional — 3,.'')00 volumes, and 2 public school— 5,000 volumes. Total 21 libraries — 47,356 volumes. 

Periodical Press. — Tlie whole number of periodicals published in the Stale on the 1st June, 1S50, was 61, and of these 
24 were whig. 17 democratic, and 20 neutral in politics, the last named including such as j^re devoted to literature, religion, 
science, etc., and of which the political principles were not ascertained. Of the aggregate numbers wero published daily, 
2 semi-weekly, 46 weekly, and 4 monthly : and the aggregate circulation of each class was as follows: of llie dailies, 
14,0S2 copies ; of the semi-weeklies, ],7!S copies: of Ihe weeklies, 41,477 copies, and of Ihe monlhlies, 10.600 copies at each 
issue. Bedford County h.as 1 w. : Davidsfm (Nashville). 5 d., 7 w., and 2 m. : Franklin, Gibson, Greene, and Giles, each 
1 w. ; Hamilton, 2 w. ; Henry and Hawkins, each 1 w. ; Knox, 1 s. w. and 5 w. ; Lawrence and Lincoln, each 1 w. ; 
Monlgomery, 3 w. and 1 m. ; Marshall, 1 w. ; Maury, 2 w. and 1 m. ; M-.Minn. 1 w. ; Eulherfonl, 2 w. ; Shelby, 4 d., 1 
B. w., and 6 w. ; Sumner, 1 w. ; Wilson, 2 w. ; "White, 1 w. ; Weakley, 2 w, ; Williamson and Washington, each 1 w. 

Peligious Denominnticrns. — The statistics of the several religious denominations in the State in ISSO, as is shown by the 
census of that year, were as follows : 





Cliiirch 


Vatne of 


Dennmina- 


No. of Church 


V.ilue of 


Denomina- No. of 


Church 


VahiBof 


tions Cliurtliea. 


ari-nm. 


Prnperly. 


11" ns. 


Cliurcliea. accom. 


Pr,.,,erl}. 


li.ins, Cliurches 


Bccm. 


Property. 


Baptist 611. 


1S8.S15.. 


$269,424 


Germ n Eef. 


— .. — . 


.$ - 


n. Calholic. 8 .. 


1,300 . 


$45,000 


Christian... 57. 


17,300.. 


48,295 


.Towish 


— .. — 


— 


Swedenb'g .. — .. 


— . 


— 


Congregat'l. — . 


— .. 


— 


Lutheran... 


12 . . 8,400 


. 2,600 


Tunker 1 .. 


500 . 


300 


Dutch Kef., — . 


— .. 


— 


Mennonite.. 


— .. — 


— 


Union 15 .. 


8,900 . 


8,S0O 


Episcopal.. 17. 


7,810.. 


86,3110 


Methodist. . 


831 . .240,353 


. 878,611 


Unitarian .. . — . . 


— . 


— 


Free 23. 


6,900.. 


6,665 


Moravian.. 


— .. — 


— 


Universalist. — .. 


— . 


— 


Friends.... 4. 


1,600. . 


1,300 


Presbyter'n. 


857.. 132,717 


. 865,531 


Minor Sects. 3 .. 


1,600 . 


2,150 



making a total of 1,939 churches, having accommodation for 606,695 persons, and valued as property at $1,208,876. 

Tennessee forms a diocese of Ihe Trotoslant Episcopal Church, and also ihe Koman Calholic dioceso of Nashville. 

Piniperlfm and Crime.— T\\e whole number of paupers who received support within the year ending 1st June, 1950, 
was 1,005, of which 99 were native born, and 14 foreigners ; anrl the whole number of paupers at the date specilled was 
591, of which 577 were natives, and 14 foreigners. Annual cost of support, $30,981. Of 195 convicts in the Tennessee 
Penitentiary on the 30th September, 1S47, 56 had been convicted for crimes against life anrl person; 121 for crimes 
against properly, including larceny, forgery, counterfeiting, burglary, etc., 1 4 for negro sleaHng, harboring, etc., 2 for 
incest, S (Vrt- bigamy, 4 for arson, and 1 for perjury. 

IlitUiriml SfofcA.— Tennessee derives its name from its principal river. On the division of Carolina into two provinces 

this country fell to the lol of North Carolina. Between 1740 and 1750 the easli'rn parts of the country were exjilored, and 

large grants of land awarded for the service. No setllemenis however were made at this time. At the commencement 

of the French War in 1754, about flOy families were located on the Cumberland Eiver, but these were driven off by tho 

842 



TENNESSEE. 



Inilians. About Ihe same time the Shawnces, who hn.I livi'd near the river Savannah, emij^rated to the banks of ibe 
Cumberland and st-tlled near the present s!le of Nusluille. but llu-y also were driven away by t!ie Cherokees. In 1755, a 
numht-r uf ptrrsom sitllyd Iheniselves bt-ynml the present limits of North UaroHna, and were the permanent colonists of 
Tenness.e. In ITVa, i>opiilalion was fnunti t.. have iricreasod to a very cunsiiierabie extent. In the succecdini; year a 
war broke out with tilt- norlhcrn Indians residing acmss the Ohio, and tenninaled by their suing for peace. The year 
ITTC) was rendered memorable by a furuiidahle invasion of tiie Chemkeos, wlioin the liritish had incited to attack Ihe infant 
aettlemenls. The Eritlah superintendent had previously made proposals to the Tennesseans to join the Britisli standard, 
and failing to lure tlu-m from the support of the colonics, tlius direetL'.i against them the savage foe. A strong force from 
Virginia and the Caiolinas, however, soon dispersed the enetny, and peace w:is again restored. "When the constitution of 
North Carolina was formed in 1776. Tennessee (then the " District of Wa-'liingtnn'') sent deputies to Ihe convention. 
In 17S0 the mountaineers of the borders of North Carolina and Tennessee distingui»ihed themselves in the southern can>- 
paign. at King's Mountain, Guilford, and other battle scenes, and soon after these eventa they penetrated the Indian 
country and dispersed the savages. At the peace these brave men again sought their mountain homes, and devoted 
themselves lo th<r improvement of their settlements. About this lime, a small colony of about forty families, under the direction 
of James Uoberison, crossed the mountains, and settled on the Cumberland River, where they founded thit town of Nash- 
ville. The nearest white neighbors were the settlers of Kentucky, and between them was a wilderness of 200 miles. 
In 17S3 the Legislature of North Carolina laid off a tract of land on the Cumberland Kiver for the discharge of the military 
bounties and the officers and soldiers of the Continental Line. The district set apart iucludod the colony at Nashville, 
a small tract having been allotted to the original settlers. After this period population began to increase rapidly. Many 
to whom military lan*is had been granted repaired thither with their fahiilies, wliile others sold their warrants to citizens 
of different Slates, in 17S5, the inhabitants, feeling sensibly the inconveniences of a government so remote as that at the 
capital of Norlh Carolina, endeavored to form an iudepeudent one, to which they gave the tille of the *' State of Franklin," 
or Fraidvlanii, but the scheme was ultimately abandoned. In 17S9, the Legislature of the State of North Carolina passed 
an act ceding the territory, on certain conditions, to the United States ; and in the following year Congress accepted the 
cession, and by ils act of 26th May, 1790, provided for its goveniment under the title of ''The Territory of the United 
Btates South of Ihe iMiio," which included the present States of Kentucky and Tennessee, the former having been ceded 
by Virginia. In 17t'4 Tennessee was ctmsiituted a separate territory. Two years afierward Congress passed an act 
enabling the people to form a State constitution, which, having been adopted, was approved by Congress 1st June, 1796, 
and Tennessee was admitted as a sovereign State of the Union. , 

Nasuville, on the left bank of the Cumberland Iliver, is the political capital of the State. 



Tennesske river, chiefly in the State of same name, and 
the largest tributary of the Ohio r.. rises in the Alleghany 
Mountains, in Tazewell and Wirt counties, Virgini:i, Its 
principal head tributaries are the llolston and the Clinch 
rivers, the former of which receives the French Broad r., 
and the latter Powell's r. The llolston and Clinch unite at 
Kingalon. in lioan co. (Tenn.), and thence the course of the 
main stream is about S. W., until it crosses the boun'iary of 
Alabama, near the N. E. corner of the Slate, continues 50 or 
60 m. in this direction, and then bends N. W., passes through 
the Cumberland mountains, flows through the entire N. end 
of Alabama, crosses the N. E. corner of Mississippi, and 
again enters Tennessee, when it takes a xlue N. course, 
crossing the State, enters Kentucky between Calloway and 
Stewart counties, and flows N. W. into the Ohio r., at Pa- 
ducah village, 12 m. below Smilhland (Ky). The valley of 
the Tennessee divides itself into two sections, the upper and 
the lower. The Upper valley is the i)art above the passage 
through the C'umberland mountains, and is included between 
the two parallel chains of the Appalachian system, which 
form a connection just below this pass. This section is 
mountainous, and much elevated, embracing an area of 
about 24,00i> sq. m. The lower valley is composed of several 
physical sections, in N. Alabama, W. Tennessee, and Ken- 
tucky, comprising an area of 17,600 sq. m., making Ihe ex- 
tent of the whole valley 41,600 sq. m. Its whole length is 
about l.lOii miles. In its course it receives numerous trib- 
utaries, rapi.l streams, but of no great length. The whole 
descent of the river, from ils source to its month, is about 
1,700 feel. Tliere are no perpendicular falls, the greatest 
obstruction being the Muscle Shoals, in Alabama. Florence, 
at this point, on the N. side, is 259 miles from its mouih. to 
■which steamboats come during high water. A canal has 
been mode along these shoals. 36 miles long, to admit the 
passage of steamboats, and the navigation of the river above 
is unobstructed for 250 miles, to the pass of the Cumberland 
mountains. At the entrance of the pass, a suck or whirl is 
caused by a large projecting rock, on theN. side, producing 
a sudden bend in the river. 

Tennessee Iron AVoeks, p. o., Montgomery co., Teji'n.: 
on Cumberland r., 37 m, N.W. by W. Nashville. These works 
are very extenaive, and produce 2,000 tons castings annually. 



Tennessee Landisq, p. o., Issaquena co., Mm. : C3 m. 
N. W. Jackson. 

Tennesser River, p. o., Macon county, 2f. Car.: on 
Tennessee r., 274 m. W. by S. Ilaleigh. 

Tennile, p. o., and sta., "Washington co., Gu. : on the 
Central (Georgia) K. E., 136 m. N. W. Savannah, and 26 ra. 
E. S. E. Milledgeville. 

Tensas parish, La. Situate E., in the western district, 
and contains 619 sq. m. Drained by Tensas river, and 
branches <»f Mississippi river, wSich bounds it on the E. 
Surface even and diversified, with small lakes; soil fertile. 
Along the banks of the Mississippi are some portions of rich 
land, suiled to the raising of cotton, sugar, etc. It is bounded 
on the E. by Bayou Macon. Staple pnwluctions, cotton, 
sugar, Indian corn, etc. Farms 165; manuf. 6 ; dwell. 244, 
and pop.— wh. 900, fr. col. 2, si. 8,133— total 9,040. Capital: 
St. Josephs. 

Tensas river, I.a. : rises in Chicot co., Ark., flows nearly 
parallel with tlie Mississippi, thmngb Carroll an<i Madison 
parishes, forms the boundary between Concordia and Cat- 
tahoola parishes, and falls into Wachita river. 

Tensaw, p. o., Baldwin county, Ala.: 150 m. S. "W. 
Montgomery. 

Tensa w river, Jla. : the easteni outlet of Mobile r., which 
it leaves S m. bel-iw the junction of Tombigbee and Ala- 
bama rivers. It flows 8. past IJlakely, and enters Mobile 
bay by several mouths. It contains a considerable island 
a little below where it leaves Mobile river. 

Tenth Section, sta., Cheshire county. A' /Tamp.: on the 
Cheshire R.K., S m. W. Keene, and 45 m. S.AV. from Concord. 
Tentopolis, p. o., Kflingham county, Jil.: 7S ra. S. E. 
Springfield. 

Teotsa, p. o.. Rock CO., Wise. : on S. side of Rock r., 
2S Tii. S. E. by E. Madison. 

TEQrAMi:Ni>N river and bay, Chippewa co., Micfi.: rises 
in the S. W. part of the co., flows E. by N. in a circuitous 
course, and empties into the bay so called, near the outlet 
of Lake Superior. There are some falls in this river. The 
bay is local*'d between the Straits of St. Mary, on the S. E., 
and Lake Superior on the N. W., and separates Canada 
from Michigan. 
Tebbe Acx BtEDF sta., SL Bernard par., La. : on tho 

643 



TER 



TEX 



Mexican Gulf E. R., U m. S. E. New Orleans, and S-J m. 
8. E. by E. Baton Kouge. 

Terre Bonne parish, La. Situato S., in the eastern dia- 
tricl, and couUiins 1,G1S sq. m. Drained by Terre Bonne, 
Grand Callion, Little Callion. Large and Black bayous. Sur- 
face K'Vel, but in many parts so low, that it Is unfit lor culti- 
vation ; soil various, along the streams being exceedingly 
productive; but in general too moist to allow of iis being 
successfully tilled. Chief products, sugar, cotton, rice, and 
Indian com. Itcontaius fine lakes, and its coast is indented 
with numerous bays. Farms 224; manuf. 4; dwell. S.'iO, 
and population— wh. o,324. fr. coL T2, si. 4,32S— total 7,724. 
Capital: Houma. 

Tkrhe Coupee, p. v., and sta., St. Joseph co., Ind. : 185 m. 
N. by W. Indianapolis. The Michigan Southern, and 
Northern Indiana K. K. passes through this place, 73 m. 
E. by S. Chicago (III.) 

'l^BBE CoL'PEE, sla., Berrien co., Mich, : on the Michigan 
Central E. K., 202 m. W. by S. Detroit, and 117 m S. W. 
Lansing. 

Tekee Haute, p. v., and cap. Vigo co., Ind. : on the lefl 
bank of Wabash r., 73 m. "W. Indianapolis. lis site is a high 
bank, trum Ol) to 60 feet above the river, and 15 or 20 feet 
above the adjacent prairie. This is one of the most im- 
portant towns in the State, and being located on the Wabash 
and Erie Canal, and on the most available line of railroad 
travel east and west, is destined to become a principal cen- 
tre of internal commerce. Among the public buildings, 
the most conspicuous are its fine court-house, town hall. 
State banking house, 13 churches, several good hotels— the 
Prairie House being one of the best in the Slate, etc. ; and 
the dwelling houses amount to over SOO, of which about 
one-half are of brick, and many are built with much ta^le. 
The business, wholesale and retail, carried on at tliis point 
is extensive and valuable. There are 93 retail stores and 
groceries, 3 book-stores, 4 printing-offices, and several large 
warehouses and wholesale concerns. The principal manu- 
facturing establishments are 2 foundries, a plow manufac- 
tory, 8 carriage and wagon factories, 3 soap factories, an oil- 
mill, 3 steam flouring and 1 steam saw mill, 2 breweries, 2 
distilleries, 13 coopers' shops, 4 large slaughter-houses, and 
the same number of packing establishments. The number 
of hogs packed at Terre Haute in 1849-50 was 59.(i00, valued 
at $300,000. Among the religious establishments almost 
every denomination is represented. The means of educa- 
tion are ample, viz. : 2 seminaries, 4 select schools, and 5 
district ecools. Here are also three societies for mutual im- 
provement. The pubhc press consists of 6 newspapers. 



(Viz.: the "Wabash Express" (whig), the "Wubath Cour- 
j ier," th^ " T. 11^ Journar (dera.), the "Prairie City," the 
"Imlependenf (relig.), and the "Indiana UniversaUst" 
I (relig.)— tht'se are issued weekly. The railroads centering 
1 here are, the Terre Haute and Eichmond E. E. and the 
Atlantic and Mississippi E. E., forming links in the line 
from St, Louis to the East; the Terre Haute and Ahon E. E. 
I'hi Paris t^i Alton; the Evansville and Illinois E. \i. 10 
Evansville, on the Ohio, and several others projected to dif- 
ff rent points. In thevicinily are rich beds of coal and iron, 
which, with the completion of the grand works connecting 
at Terre Ilaule, will becomo a source of great wealth to the 
counlry generally, and build up within the town a manu- 
facturing interest equal to the wants of the neighborhood, 
Terre Haute was founded in 1S16 : in ISSO it contained COO 
inhabitants, in 1340 about 2,000, and in ISoO about 4,900. 

Tekke Haute, p. o., Champaign county, Ohio: 45 id 
W. by S. Columbus. 

Terke Hill, p. o., Lancaster co., Penn. : 47 m. W. S. W 
Harrisburg. 

Tekke Noie, p. o., Clark county,. Ari'. : 72 m. S. W 
Little Eock. 

Teurt, p. o., Carroll county, Tcnn.: 90 m. W. by 3 
Nashville. 

Teuuyville, p. v., Litchfield co., Conn. : 13 m. W. S. W. 
Harlford. 

Teehyville, p. v., Abbeville dist, S. Cai: : on a creek or 
Savannah r., 81 m. W. Columbia. 

Tereytown, p. v., Bradford co., Fen7i. : 112 m, N, by E. 
Harrisburg. 

T£te de Moet, p. v., Jackson county, Ta, : 57 m. N. E, 
Iowa City. 

Tetersburg, p. v., Tipton co., Ind.: 43 m. N. by E. 
Indianapolis. 

Tewkeshuey, t and p. v., Middlesex co., Jfiss.: 21 ra. 
N. N. W. Boston. Drained by Shawshcen r., which flows 
through the town, and by branches of Merrimac and Con- 
cord rivers. Surface even; soil light and sandy. The vil- 
lage is on the Saiera and Lowell and the Lowell and Law- 
rence railroads, 5 m. E. Lowell and 7 m. S. W. from Law- 
rence. Pop. 1,04S. 

Tewockiny Springs, p. o., Limestone co., Tea:: 123 m. 
X. E. Austin City. 

Ti^ixANA, p. Ym iind cap. Jackson co., Tex. : on the right 
bank of the Navidad r., 119 m. S. E. Austin City. Its lo 
cation is at the head of steamboat navigation, on the bordei 
of an exceedingly rich and productive prairie. It contains 
the county buildings, etc. 



THE STATE OF TEXAS. 



Texas is bounded north by New Mexico and the Indian Territories, from the latter of which it is divided chiefly by 
the Eed and Arkansas rivers ; east by Arkansas and Louisiana, the Sabine Eiver being it^ boun<lary toward Louisiana ; 
south by the Gulf of Mexico, and west by Mexico, from which the Eio Grande separates it, and the Territory of New 
Mexico. It lies between latitudes 26° and 30° 30' N., and longitudes 93° 30' and 110° west of Greenwich, or 16^ 2S' and 
82° 5S' from Washington. Its greatest extent north and south is "00 miles, and east and west SOO miles; but its average 
extent is much less. The superficies is estimated at 237,321 square miles — an area more than equal to'the whole of 
France, and n<'arly four times the area of New England. 

Texas may be divided into three physical districts or regions of country, each of which, in many respects, is entirely 
different. These are the level, the undulating, and the mountainous ur hilly; or the lower, middle, and upper districts, 
or, as it may be more convenient, the counlry may be divided into Eastern, Middle, and Western Texas. East^-rn Texaa 
extends from the Sabine to the Trinity ; Middle Te.\as from the Trinity to the Colorado, and Western Texas fi"om the 
Colorado to the Eio Grande del Norte. The le\ el region occupies the entire coast, extending from 80 to 60 miles into 
the interior. The undulating succeeds this, and embraces the whole of the interior and the north, and reaches westward 
to the mountainous tract, which is distant 150 to 200 miles from the boundaries of the level lands. The alluvial lands of 
the several rivers which make into the Gulf are from 3 to 20 miles in breadth, and are heavily timbered with live-oak, 
red, black, and white, and other species of oak; with ash, cedar, peccan. elm, hickory, mulberry, and all other varieties 
of forest trees and growths common in the rich alluvions of the Mississippi. The cane-brakes are of immense extent in 
the low country, and on the Caney Creek may be seen 70 miles long and from 1 lo 3 miles wide. Here may be growa 
ootton, sugar, rice, etc 

In the second division are the high, rolling, verdant prairies, the narrow-wooded bottoms, the beautiful islands of 
timber, the quick-running streams, the cool, refreshing springs, and the healthful chme of Texas. Here the soil, a little 
8U 



• TEXAS. 

broken, is not inferior lo that of the alluvial country bL-!ow, is more easily worked, the prrxiucls are srt-'i'ter aiul more 
varied, and though not so convenient to a fnroign umrkel, will liave a market at home. This is defined to be the most 
densely populated part of Texas, if not of Amt-rica. In Ihia re-rinn the ijlanler may raise all the cotton, rice, and tobacco, 
and tile cum ana grain he requires, and stock to any extent, without labor and almost without care. The tahle-lands are 
yet the home of the hunter and the range of the buffalo. Litlle is known of them, but Ibey are represented l)y travelers 
to rival the table-lands of Mexico, to be rich in soil and climate, lo be clothed in constant verdure, beautifully variegated 
in surface, and watered by streams as clear iw crystal— to b?, in fine, a perfect paradise. Of the northern portion of Texas 
still less is known than of the table-lands. This region is said to be intersected by many streams furnishing water-power, 
and to be rich in the precious metals. 

No part of the extensive coast of the Gulf of Mexico presents a grealer number of commandinj; harbors, bays, and 
inlets, than tliatof Texas. The interior, intersected by numerous magnificent and navigable streams, in close vicinity to 
the great western tributaries of the Mississijipi, and holding ea:^y communication with the mighty ■' Father of Waters," 
furnishes a commercial position' very desirable and seldom surpassed. Red liiver may be considered in part as belono-- 
ing tn Texas. The vast region west of the mountains in which it rises and through which it rolls its turbid wuters, has 
been yet scarcely explored, but it is known lo be vi ^n-ai fertility and of surpassing beauty. In this rt-gion has thu 
Texan emigrant reared his cottage and planted his cotton, and Ins corn, and his wheat, which are home alon'' the 
current of Ked River to the great mart of the South-west. The chief rivers, those which are more or less navigable for 
steamboats, are the Sabine or Neches, Trinity, Brazos, Culorado, Guadalupe", San Antonio, and the Rio Grande. Besides 
these, there nre others of less note and magnitude, though nuvigable to a considerable extent— the Angeliua, San Jacinto, 
BuEfalo Bayou, Oyster and Chocolate bayoux, San Bernard, Caney, Navidad, Lavacca, and Nueces. There are no lakes 
of any importance to be found in the country. A ftw small ones near the sources of the Guadalupe, and on some of the 
tributaries uf lied River and the Trinity, ;ire all tliat arc worthy of the name, and they are inconsiderable. To a country 
so well watered, intersected by rivers so numemus and important, and oCfering such valuable facilities for canal commu- 
nication, they would be useless. Indeed, its vast water-courses might be united in one great navigable chain, which 
would render transportation from any section of this wide-spread territory to a commercial emporium at any point on the 
coast, a matter of the utmost ease and but very little expense. 

Texas abounds with minerals, and is interesting in its geology. The silver mine of San Saba Is among (he richest in 
the worUI, and under the dominion of Spain affonUd considerable revenue to the crown. Gold has been found on Iho 
Atoyac and other streams, especially toward the western hill country, and silver also on the Bedals. Iron ore pervades 
the greater portion of the country. Lead, copper, aluni, etc.. are found in several parts, and bituminous coal on the 
Trinity and Upper Brazos. Salt is exceedingly abundant, and inimense quantities are annually taken from a famous 
salt lake near the Rio Grande. Salt springs and lagoons abound near the Trinity, and a branch of the Brazos has its 
waters Iiighly impregnated. Soda and potash are found near the salt lagoons in dry seasons. Lime can be plentifully 
furnished from limestone existing in the undulating and northern sections. In the level districts oyster-sht-U lime can be 
Bubsliluted. Asphaltum is sometimes found on the coast. Agate, chalcedony, jasj^er, and some singular petrtfactioua 
are Uniml near the mountains. The remains of whole fi'rests are seen on the Trinity and Brazos rivers entirely petrified. 
Extensive quarries of red and while sandstone, or freestone, abound throughout the country. At Austin there is a 
quarry of white stone similar to that of the Paris basin, and of which the Louvre is built. It is soft and easily worked 
with the knife, and may be reduced to any form ; but on exjiosure to the atmosphere it becomes a perfect freestone, and 
is as hard and compact as granite and marble. Tlie same kind of stone is found on the Trinity and in the vicinity of 
San Amonio de Bexar. 

Mineral springs are numerous. The Salinilla Springs, both while and salt sulphur, in "Walker County, are very 
remarkable. They rise near the salines, in a pieturesquo valley, and are highly appreciated fur their medicinal virtues. 
Not far from these, and near the Bedais, is a white sulphur spring, supersaturated with magnesia, and possessing all the 
healing properties of the celebrated Virginia springs. Thirty miles west, in the same county, is a blue sulphur sjjrin:^. 
Near Cibolo, and about thirty miles from Bexar, is a mineral spring, the waters of which are in high repute. Besides 
these, there are others of great value. Near Carolina, in Moutgomery County, is a white sulphur spring, the waters of 
which are efficacious in many distempers. 

All who have visited Texas concur in ascribing to it the most delightful of climates. Though varying with location 
from tropical to temperate, it is remarkably pleasant and salubrious. The average notation of the thermometer in tho 
summer season is about 80° Fahr., and refreshing'breezes from the south blow almost without interruption. During the 
winter ice is seldom seen, except in the northern j)art of the State. From March to November but little rain falls. Tho 
southerly winds are invigorating. In November the strong northers set in, and in the months of Dl-( ember and January 
the cold north wind sweeps down the plains with near as nnich regularity as the south wind of the summer. These 
periodical winds tend to purify the atmosphere, and contribute much to the salubrity which distinguishes Texas from 
other Gulf States. The climate, indeed, is modified by s't many favorable circumstances, as to possess all the genial iu- 
fluenct-s of Louisiana, while it escapes its attendant evil?. In the river bottoms, which are periodically overflowed, 
however, lever prevails to a greater or less extent ; but eWewhere the danger of endemic disease is trifling. Tho prairies 
are open and admit of a free circulation of air, and the forests, for the mo.sl ]).irt, are free from undergrowth. Miasmatic 
marshes and stagnant pools, which so frequently originate endemics, are se dom found in any portion of tlic country. 

Texas, in general, is a prairie country, having all the streams skirted with limber. The sublime and beautiful are 
blended in these vast natural meadows — sublime in extent and beimtiful in prospect. Leagues may be tr;tvt;led over a 
continuous plain, with nothing to interrupt the utmost stretch of vision upon the living green, save the beautiful groves 
and islands of limber which are here and there interspersed, an<l flowers of t-very variety, hue, and fragrance, and 
herds of cattle an<l deer— delighting the eye with ih-:- vi<-w of spleu'lid lawns and magnificent i»arks tastefully laid out 
by the hand of Nature, and presenting all the order and taste of civilization. Nothing in Nature can surpass the beaxUy 
and loveliness of a Texan landscape. Nothing can surpa.-'S its beauty in the spring and summer seasons, neither is it 
possible to form an estimate, even in imagination, ''f the number of useful domestic animals that are reared on them 
without trouble or expense. Even in the winter season the pasturage is sufficiently verdant to dispense with feeding 
live-stock. 

Texas in her forests has an infinite variety of timber suitable tor building and ornamental purposes. Her forests of Mve- 
oak and cedar are unrivaled. Tho whole coast nearly, inclutling all the bayoux and river bottoms, from the Sabine to 
Ihe Nueces, is one entire belt of timber. The eastern seition probably embraces more woodland than any other. It is 

645 



TEXAS. 



hcivily timbered with pine, oak, ash, walnut, hickory, pecan, mulberry,, cedar, cypress, and otiier forest trees whicli 
extend quite to the Red Uiver, occasionally varieg^ated with beautiful pniiries containing from one hundred to several 
thousand acres. The soil is admirably adapted to grasses and other a^jriculuiral staples, and the lumber trade will soon 
become extensive and lucrative in this section. 

Aniontc the productions which may be regarded as naturally adapted to the soil, and which now form a chief and im- 
portant article of coraraerce, cotton stands pre-eminenL This is the great crop of Texas, and the source of much of its 
■wealth and power. Its staple is uniformly ^oml. and near the Gulf it equals in length and firmness the Sea Island cotton 
of Georgia. It is an indigenous plant, and iu the western region needs to be planted only once in three or four years to 
yield an almnrlant crop. The climate is ever favorable, and the soil, wh.-ther upland or lowland, woodland or prairie, is 
adniiraldy adapted to its culture. The sugar-cane grows luxuriantly tlir-'vigliout the whole level region; but its culture, 
for various reasons, will not be extensive, nor will the production of .sugar, ucdesa forced by unexpected circumstances, 
probably ci>mpete with that of Louisiana for many years to come. Tobacco grows almost spontaneously thnJughout the 
country. It is an important production, equal in quality to that of Cuba, and will soon become an article of commerce 
and export. The indig-'nous indigo nf Texas is greatly superior to the plant whicli is cultivated In the United States. It 
is manufactured in families for domestic use, and is preferable to the imported article. 

Breadstuffs of every description are produced ctisily and abundantly in every district. Two crops of Indian corn an- 
nually is a common thing— the first planted in February, and the last in June. Wheat, buckwheat, millet, rye, oats, bar- 
ley, and other small grain yield plentiful crnps throughout the undulating region. Flax and hemp are well adapted to 
tlie soil. Rice is also produced in considerable quantities, and can be grown to any extent. 

Fruits of all descriptions are profusely plentiful. The grape and mulberry are indigenous, and grow luxuriantly, 
indicating that wine and silk, as well as tobacoo and cotton, will one day become valuable staples. The vanilla plant 
grows wild. It can be successfully cultivated as a commercial commodity. This delicious plant is highly esteemed in 
medicine, as a perfume to flavor the cigar, and in .various culinary arts, etc. The nopal, celebrated for the production of 
the cochineal insect, grows luxuriantly. Its fruil, with the leaves, flirnishcs food for vast herds of cattle and horses; for 
building purposes and fencing its limber is superior, and in Texas it also forms a principal article of fuel. The yaupan, 
or tea-tree, furnishes an acceptable an'l cheap beverage in lieu of the China product, and is not at all inferior in flavor 
to the common black tea of that country. Cayenne pepper, or the chile of Mexico, grows exuberantly all over Texas. 
Many other sources of wealth and enjoyment abound here, and will in all good time be realized by the citizens, who are 
already industriously exploring the true springs of national greatness and individual prosperity. 

The displays nf vegetation in Texas are profuse, various, and valuable, presenting on the one hand the stately and 
magnificent forest, and on the other delighting the eye with the rich and splendid scene of the luxuriant prairie, garnished 
with an endless variety of fragrant flowers, and f>irming a landscape of surpassing loveliness. All the varieties of the 
stellaria, yellow, blue, and purple, display their rich and gaudy tints. The fashionable dahlia, an exotic highly esteemed 
and carefully raised in foreign hot-houses, is indigenous to the south-wesL Geraniums adorn and perfume with their 
fragrance the wild meadows, and the water lily, trumpet flower, and the cardinal, are common in the fields. The May 
apple, bearing a delicate flower, is abundant, and violets form a common carpeting for the prairies. The passion flower 
Is frequent in its season, while the perpetual njse, multiflora, and chickaaaws, and other varieties, gmw without culliva- 
tiim or ca,re. The chaste and elegant primrose flowers everywhere ; while the jonquil and hyaciulh, honeysuckle and 
sweet seringa, form a variegated garland, or are thrown together in most admirable disorder throughout the paradise of 
flowers. The shrinking mimosa, an object of so much interest to the naturalist and philosopher, is also a niithe of the 
wilds, and the traveler, trampling over its drooping and apparently withered leaves, looks back in vain for the path hifl 
rude footsteps had marked out, but not a vestige of the invasion remains, but all again is life and verdure. 

The fruits of the tropics and of tlie north alike flourish in Texan soil. The fig is common, the peach unrivaled, tho nectar- 
ine, quince, and grape luxuriant, and these, siile by side, grow in the same sun and soil with the plum, apple, and paw- 
paw. The orange, lemon, and lime, the pine-apple, and olive ripen together. Berries are iu great variety. Tho 
mulberry, dewberry, whortleberry, and gooseberry grow wild and in the greatest profusion. The pecan, walnut, and 
hickory nuts are very abundanL Garden vegetables of every description, and melons, arc easily cultivated and yield io 
the greatest abundance. 

"VV'iUl animals, f(»rmerly numerous and f jrmidable tenants of the forests, are now comparatively strangers to the country. 
The black bear frequents the cane-brake, and is a favorite object of the hunt. Wolves abound. The peccary, or Mexicaa 
hos and the wild hog, run at large in the woods. These have degenerated from the domestic species, and are very fero- 
cious. Mustangs roam in herds over the north and west. Many of them are of fine flgure and spirit, and are highly 
prized for their fleetness. When domesticated, they are hardy and active, and alike adapted to the saddle or stirrup. 
Mingled with the herds of mustangs are found jacks, jennies, and mules. The bufl"aIo or bison is found in Texas astonish- 
ingly gregarious. Thousands and tens of thousands in a drove are yet seen in the interior roving over the prairies, the 
luxuriant herbage affording them the means of subsistence. The deer is still more numerous than the buffalo, and the 
moose, antelope, and mountain goal are also found ranging upon the fr<mtier or far-west. The fox peeps from every 
bush au'l brake. Raccoons, opossums, rabbits, and squirrels are in great numbers; and a greater variety of smaller 
animals serve to stock the fofests of Texas with game, and supply thu hunter with endless and animated sport. 

Wild fowl and game birds are everywhere plentiful, and one aecu-*tomi-d to the use of the fowling-piece may easily keep 
a table well supplied. Wild turkeys, prairie hens, geese, brant. leal, canvas-backs, partridges, quails, pheasants, grouse, 
pigeon, plovers, snipes, woodcock, ortolans, cranes, swanfe, pelicans, klng-fishers. crows, blackbirds, starlings, and hun- 
dreds orother descriptions of the family " aves" are in endless numbers. The beautiful paroquet, the oriole, wliip-poor- 
wilt, and cardinal, and the sweet-toned moeking-ijird, enliven the woods with the beauty of plumage and melody of voice 
which belong to them. 

The rivers and bays of Texas abound in fisli of an excellent quality, in great variety, and some of them of peculiar 
character. Redfish Bar. in Galveston Bay, takes its name from the nvnnber of red fish which arc caught there. This flsh 
is ^e^y delicious, and often weighs fifty poun<ls. Yellow, white, and Muo cit.lfish are found in the rivers and streams; 
sheep-head, buff"alo, perch, mullet, pike, trout, flounders, suckers, and other fish common in American waters, are found 
not only in abundance, but of rare size and flavor. The gar is a worthless fish.'with a snout of immense lengili. Tho 
alligator gar is vefy large— several yards in length ; its back is covered with scales, and it resembles the alligator, which 
is very common in the rivers and bayoux, and of enormous size. Beds of oysters line the coasts; crabs, clanis, iimsclea, 
and various marine animals may be had all along the shore, and turtles are common to all the rivers and buys. Ser- 
846 



TEXAS. 



penis, snakes, lizanls, .inJ many utlier mirioiis, vinoimuis, and vexatious species of crawling things of llic earlli are fimnd 
in Texas. But oflhcse few are as dan5;erciU8 as Iroulilesunie. Inseels swarm in mjriails, some useful, some ilangerous, 
some annoying, but most of tbera atlractivo on account of their boaulil'ul llirras and magnificent colors. Tlie caiitharidcs 
and honey-bee are among the Urst; spiders and the tarantula represent 111.' second ; mosquitoes, gad-Hies, tielts. and sand- 
flies the third, and the wonderful variety of beetles, bugs, butterflies, etc., fill up the fourth ehnptiT of insect life. Many 
of these, if [lot carefully guarded against, will spoil the beauty of the fairest face in creation l)eyond the redemption of 
cosmetiea for days to come. Tlieir atlachment to suffering humanity is a wonderful instinct of their nature. The traveler, 
however, has a certain remedy against attacks in liqulil ammonia, a siTi,all \ iai of which should at all times be accessiblo 
when passing through the brake or river bottom. Its ai.plication immediately iieulralizes the venoEn even of the tarantula 
and renders it harmless. 
Te.xa5 is divided into 77 counties, tlie general statistics of which, and the capitals of each, in 1S.50, w'ere as follows: 



Ce.ii.liei. nwell. 

Anderson 375 . . 

Angelina 166.. 

Austin 4.32.. 

Bastrop .377.. 

Bexar 1,204.. 

Bowie 250.. 

Brazoria 296.. 

Brazos SI . . 

Burleson 2M.. 

Caldwell 174.. 

Calhoun 1S2.. 

Cameron \ 

St.arr V 1,654.. 

Webb ) 

Cass 5.'j8.. 

Cheroken 891., 

CoUin 811., 

Colorado 2S3., 

Comal 867.. 

Cook 83.. 

Dallas 4-35.. 

Denton 109.. 

Dc Witt 231.. 

Fannin 54S.. 

Fayette 494.. 

Fort Bend 199.. 

Galveston 727.. 

Gillespie 274.. 

Goliad 83.. 

Gonzales 185.. 

Grayson 295.. 

Grimes 405.. 

Guadalupe 216.. 

Harris S34.. 

Harri,snn 972 . . 

Ha.vs 41.. 

Henderson 192.. 

Hopkins 435.. 

Houston 857.. 



Pnp. 
2.S34., 
1.165. , 
3,941 . . 
.3,099. 

, 6,053. 

, 2.912. 

, 4,S4I. 

614., 

1.713., 

1,.329.. 

1,110., 

8,541. 

4,991. 
, 6,673. 
, 1.950. 
. 2.257. 

1,723. 

220.. 

, 2,743. 

641.. 

1,712.. 

2,7SS. 

8.756.. 

2,533.. 

4.629. 

1.240. . 
645. 

1,492., 

2.0OS. 

4,00S.. 

1.511.. 

4,665.. 

11,822. 

887.. 

1,237.. 

2,62.3.. 

2,721., 



.2-30. 
.219. 
.117. 
.157. 
.134. 
. 47. 
.115., 
. 51.. 
. 22. 

. 11. 

.865. 
.454. 
.218. 
.116. 
. 65. 
. 25., 
.173. 
.81.. 
.100. 
.831. 
.209.. 
.109., 
. 33. 
. 40. 
. 80. 
.123. 
.171. 
.217. 
.101.. 
,197.. 
.621. 
. 22., 
.106.. 
.121.. 
.192., 



,^,^' Ca|>ital9. 

. .Palestine 
. .Marion 
..Belleville 
. . Bastrop 
. .San Antonio 
. . Boston 
.Brazoria 
. . Booneville 
..CaUlwell 
..Loekhnrt 
. . Port Lavacca 
( Brownsville 
.< Uio Grande C. 
' Laredo 
..Jefferson 
...Busk 
..M-Kinney 
..Columbus 
..New Braunfels 
..Cook C. H. 
..Dallas 
..Alton 
..Cuero 
. .Bon ham 
. .La (5 range 
. . Richmond 
, . .Galveston 
. .Fredericksli'g 
..Goliad- 
..Gonzales 
. .Shernmn 
..Anderson 
. .Seguin 
..Houston 
..Marshall 
..San Marcos 
. .Athens 
. .Tarrant 
..Crockett 



F:.rr 



M,ii 



Hunt 263. 

Jackson 114. 

Jasper 19'^. 

.Jefferson 259. 

Kaufman ". . 170. 

Lamar 497. 

La\acca 2ti3. 

Leon 2-31. 

Liberty .312. 

Limestone 350. 

Matagorda 176., 

Medina 177. 

Milam 414. 

Montgomery 260 . 

Nacogdoches ... 681 . 

Navarro 576. 

Newton 219. 

Nueces 151. 

Panola 4.'i0. 

Polk 292. 

Red River 420. 

Refugio 56. 

Robertson 132. 

Rusk 1,1145. 

S.abine 288. 

San Augnstine.. 850. 

San Patricio 83. 

Shelby 560. 

Smith 6113. 

Titus 545. 

Travis 423. 

Tyler 267., 

rpshur 454. 

Vanzanis 246.. 

Victoria 317. 

Walker 473., 

W.T.«l[ington .... 600. 

Wharion 112. 

Williamson 230.. 



. 1.530. 
996. 

.1,707. 
,.1,836. 
,.1.047. 
,..3.978. 

.1,571. 
,.1.946. 
,.2,522. 
..2,608. 

.2.124. 

. 909. 

.2,91)7. 
, .2,3S1. 
,.6,193. 
..3,543. 
, .1,689. 

. 693. 
...3,S71. 

.2.849. 

.3,9U6. 
.. 285. 
,. 934. 
..8,145. 

.2,495. 
..3,IU7. 
. . 200. 
,.4,2.39. 
..4.292. 

.3,636. 

.8.133. 

.1.894. 

.8,894. 

.1,348. 
,.2.019. 

..3.964.. 

.5.9S3. 

.1,7.52., 
.1,563.. 



. 93. 
. 73. 
.123. 
. 91. 
. 94. 
.407. 
.139. 
.151. 
.149. 
.279. 
. 89. 
. 40. 
.152. 
.ISO. 
.237. 
.304. 
.145. 
. S. 
,.209. 
.172. 
.166. 
. 21. 
. 13. 
..■i67. 
.171. 
.1.53. 
. 10. 
.350. 
.243. 
.269. 
.146.. 
.1.37. 
.240. 
.1.35.. 
. 84. 
.234.. 
..306. 
. .55.. 
.107.. 



. . 0. ..Greenville 
,. O...Texana 
, . 6. ..Jasper 

. 4. ..Beaumont 

.0. .. Kaufman C. U. 
,. 7. ..Paris 

. . . . Petersburg 
, . 5. . .Leona 
. . 1... Liberty 
, . 0... Springfield 

. 0. ..Matagorda 

. 0. . .Castrovillo 

. 1 . . . Cameron 
. . 8. ..Montgomery 

. 8. . -Nacogdoches 
..13.. .Corsicana 

.5. ..Burkeville . 
. . 1. . .Corpus Christ! 
.. 0... Carthage 

. 0. ..Livingston 

. 7...CIark3ville 

. 0... Refugio 
, . O...Fr.anklin 

. 15. . .Henderson 

.12... Milam 
..14.. .San Augustino 
, . 0.. .San Patricio 
,. 6...Shelliyvillo 
.. 1... Tyler 

. 4...Mt. Pleas.™! 
. 1 . . .Austin Citt. 

. 6...Woodville 

. 0... Gilmer 

, 4. ..Jordan's Saline 

. 9... Victoria 
. O...Hunlsvillo 

. 0...nrenhara 
. 0... Wharton 
. 1. . .Georgetown 



The whole number of dwellings in the Stale at the above date was 27.958 : of families. 28.377 ; and of inhabitants, 
212,692; viz., whites 154.100— males 84,56:3, and females 69.2:57; fr. cob .331— males 171, and fem:des 160: si. .6M61. Of 
the whole population there were, deaf and duiii7i—K\t. 49, fr. col. 0, si. 9— total 53 ; Uiiid—vrti. .59. fr. col. 3. si. 14— total 
76: i i:srinf—\yh. 39, fr. col. 1, si. 0— total 40. The number of free persons born in the Uniterl States was 137,070, the 
number of foreign birth 16.774, and of birth tmknown 604. The luitinf population originated as follows: Maine 226, 
N. ILimp. 97, Verm. 144, Mass. 414, R. L 56. Conn. SW. N. T. 1,559, N. Jer. 20.5. Penn. 1,005, Del. 61, Md. 521, Disl. of 
Col. 86, Virg. S.5S0, N. Car. 5.1.55, S. Car. 4.452, Ca. 7,039, Flor. 365, Ala. 12.040. Miss. 0.545, La. 4.473, T,-ra.i 49.177, Ark. 
4.693, Teim. 17.092. Ky. 5,473, Oh. 947, Mich. 12.5, Ind. 1,799. 111. 2.S,V>, Mo. 5,1.39. la. 109. Wise. 42, Calif. 0, Territories 14 ; 
and the fnrrifin population was composed of persons from— Englanil 1,003, Ireland 1,40.3, Scotlan.l 201, Wales 17, Ger- 
many S.191. France 647, Spain 62, Portugal 5, Belgium 5, Holland 14, Italy 41, Austria 11, Swilzeriand 134. Russia 10, 
Denmark 49, Norway 105, Sweden 43, Prussia 75, Greece 0, Cliina 0, Africa 4, British America 137, Mexico 4,459, Central 
America 3, South America 1, West Indies 22, Sandwich IsNmds 5, and olhiT countries 60. 

The general sUalistics* of the products, manufactures, weallh. instimtions, etc., of the St.ate, in accordance with the cen- 
sus of ia50 and other official returns referring to the saiTic jieriod, arc as follows : 

Occtipifd /,(rarf».— Improved farm lands, 639.107 acres, and \mimiiri>ved lamis attached to farms, 14.454.669 acres- 
valued together at $16,395,743. The whole number of farms under cultivation in the State is 12,198 ; and the value of 
farming implements and machinery, $2,183,781. 



* The Itatiatics of tlie county ofLa'acca are ool incluJeJ in tho cenaul returns. 



84T 



TEXAS. 

Ztiy-5(*^c^-.— Horses, 7o.4i9 ; asses and mules, 12,364; milch cmvs, 2U.75S ; working oxen, 49,932; other cattle, 686,805; 
Bheep, 99,09?, and swine, 6S3.914. Total value of live-stock. $10,26G.S90. 

Animal Products. — Wool, 131,374 pounds ; butter, 2,326,556 pounds ; cheese, 91,619 pounds ; and the value of animals 
Blaughtered, $1,106,032. 

Orain tV<VAv.— Wheat. 41,6S9 bushels; rye, 8,105 bushels; Indian com, 5,926,611 bushels ; oats, 1T8,S88 bushels; bar- 
ley, 4,776 bushels; and buckwlieat, 59 bushels. 

Othsr Food Crops. — Rice, 87,916 pounds ; peas and beans, 179,833 bushels* potatoes — Irish, 93,543 bushels, and sweet, 
1,323,170 bushels. ' 

MhceUaneoits Crops— Tobacco, 66,997 pounds ; ginned cotton, 57,596 bales of 400 pounds ; hay, 8,379 tons ; clover- 
seed, 10 bushels ; hops, 7 pounds ; flax, 1,04^ pounds ; flax-s*!ed, 26 busliels ; silk cocoons, 22 pounds ; cane sugar, 7,851 
hogsheads of 1,000, pounds ; molasses, 441,63S gallons ; byeswax and honey, 380,532 pounds ; wine, 99 ejallons, etc. Yaluo 
of orchard products, $12,605, and value of market-garden products, $12,254. 

Hom&^nnd^ Manufactures produced in the year ending 1st June, 1850, were valued at $255,719. 

Mtmufactures. — Total capital invested $000,000 ; value of all raw material, fuel, etc., consumed in the year, $000,000 ; 
hands employed, 0,000— males 0,000, and femaks 00 ; monthly cost of labor, $00,000— male $00,000, and female $000 ; valuo 
of products in the year, $000,000. The whole number of manufacturing establishments in operation, on the 1st June, 
1S50, was 307, of whicli number 1 was a wook-n factory, 2 iron works, and 22 tanneries. 

In the woolen manufacture the invested capital amounted to $S,000 ; wool used, 80,000 pounds ; value of all raw material, 
$10,000; hands employed, S — males 4, and females 4; monthly cost of labor, $lGO~male $S0, and female $S0; annual 
products — cloth 14,000 yards, and blankets 4,000 ; value of entire products $15,000. 

The iron manufacture employed a capital amounting to $16,000 : pig iron used, 250 tons ; mineral coal consumed, 250 
tons; value of all raw material, fuel, etc.. $8,400 ; handsemploycd, 85; entireraonthly cost of labor, $1,520; castings madei 
200 tons ; other products valued at $15,000 ; value of entire products, $55,000. 

The tinmeries had a capital of $33,850; value of hides and skins used, $18,624; hands employed, 64 — males 63, and 
females 1 ; monthly cost of labor, $1.017— male $1,007, and female $10 ; skins tanned, 1,750, and sides of leather tanned, 
18,700; value of products of the year, $52,050. 

The manufactures of Texas, otherwise than those enumerated, consist chiefly of those incident to agricultural countries, 
as carriages, harness, farming implements, and machinery, etc., and the great bulk of the capital is iaveslod in milting and 
other like occupations. 

Comjnercfi.—The exports direct to foreign countries, for the year ending 30th June, 1S50, Were valued at $24,953, all 
carried in foreign bottoms, and the imports were valued at $25,650, of which, to the value of $14,652 were carried in 
American, and to that of $10,993 in foreign boiioms. The great bulk of the commercial material of the State is carried 
coastwise to New Orleans, New York, etc., and is thence shipped to other countries. The shipping employed in the 
foreign carrying trade was as follows : 

Entered. Cleared. Total, 



Nationality 
of Shipping. 


.Vessels. 


T>ins. 


Crews, 


Vessels. 


Tons. 


Crews. 


Vessels. 


Tunis. 


Crews. 


American ....... 


.. 3... 


. 494 ... 


.. 26... 


... 8... 


. 591 .. . 


. . 28 . . . 


... 6.... 


. 1,085 . . 


... M 


Foreign 


.. 1.3 ... 


. 8,177 ... 


.. 1.53... 


... 12.... 


. 8.017 ... 


.. 189 ... 


... 25.... 


. 6,194 .. 


.. 277 


Total 


.. 10 ... 


. 3,GT1 ... 


.. 164... 


... 15... 


. 8,603 ... 


. . 167 .. . 


... SI .... 


. 7,279 . . 


.. 331 


Districts. 




















GalVfston 


. 10 . . . 


. 2,9S7 . . . 


.. lis... 


... 9.... 


2,924 . . . 


.. 121 ... 


... 19.... 


. 5,911 .. 


. . 2-39 


Brazos Santiago.. 


.. 6... 


. C>4 .. 


. . 46 . . . 


... 6 .. 


6S4 ... 


. . 46 . . . 


... 13 .... 


. 1,363.. 


.. 92 



The total amount of shipping owned witiiin this State, at the date specified, -was 8,897 tons, of which 3.309 Ions wero 
owned in the district of Galve-ston, and 5SS tons intliatnf Salurin. The principal ports of the State arc Sabine, Galveston, 
La Salle, and Point Isabel. The serial statistics of the commerce of the State are as follows : 



Yenr. 
1846 . 
1847. 



Exports. 
.. 
.. 



Imports. 
17,266 
29,S26 



Vear. 

1S43 . 
1S49. 



Exports. 

143,610 . 
82,791 . 



Imj'iirta. 
94,024 , 
16,000 i 



Year. 

1&50 . 
1S51 . 



ExporH. 

24,95S . 
75,423 . 



Imprirts. 
25,650 
94,715 



Coasti7ig,if)land, €tc.,tracl^, — In proportion as the direct foreign commerce of Texas is small, the coasting trade is 
extensive. As before remarked, the great bulk of its commercial material is carried to the other States fur export, and 
hence a coasting trade commensurate with the staple and surpUis products of the State is carried on. The interior is 
chiefly reached by the tine streams which in every direction pcnetnile it, the principal of which are the Red River, on the 
northern boundary, and Sabine, Necbes, Trinity, Brazos, Colorado, Lavacca, Guadalupe, Nueces, and the Rio Grando 
emptying into the Gulf of Mexico. Most of these are navigable for light-draft steamers, which ply regularly on their 
waters without interruption on account of sesison. The rivers are reaclK-d from the neighboring settlements by wagon 
roads, which are good except in the wet season. The railroad is practically unknown in Texas, but many are now in progress 
of construction, and a few miles of the Harrisburg railroad were brought into use in April, 1S53. Texas will be intersected 
east and west by a Southern Pacific railroad, and many lines are projected between the principal ports and the interior, 
with. lateral lines diverging to the various centres of commerce. ■ It would, however, be immature to mention definitely 
any of the lines projected, as few are located, and fnverhave made any advance toward construction. The great road 
wilt probably pass from Providence, on the Mississippi, through ShrcVLpnrt, /,«., and Marshall, Tex., and another from 
New OrleSns, via Opeloiisas, etc., westward. A road will also be exteniloil from the Red River to the Gulf. 'VVilh these 
improvements the markets will be reached with facility, and immigr.'ition and settlement be rapidly directed to (he fertile 
interior. Cotton and sugar are as yet the only available exports ol the State, the annual product of which articles has 
been given on a former page. The imports consist of niamifaclurcs of all kinds, groceries, etc. 

Banlcing. — With the exception of the Conunorcial and Agricultural Bank of Galveston, there would not appear to be 
any other recognized banking institution in the Stale. 

Government, e£c.— The constitution of Texas was adopted at Austin City, 27th August, and ratified by the people 13th 
October, 1S45. 

The riglit of suffrage la conceded to every free white male pcrsoo, 21 years old, a citizen of the United States, or of 
S4S 



^^^ TEXAS. 

Texas, when resident in the Stale one year, and six months in the district, county, city, or town, where he offers to vote. 
The general election is held on the first Monday of August biennially. 

The UnMitUm authority is vested in a Uouse of Kepresentativcs and a Senate. Eepresentativea in number not less 
than 45, nor more than 90 (now 66) arc chosen for two years, and they must be qualified voters who have lived two years 
in the Stale, and one year m the place where they are chosen. Senators in number not less than 19, nor more than S3 
(now 21), chosen for four years, one half leaving offlee biennially, and they must be qualified voters, 80 years of age, who 
have lived in Teias three years, and fhe last year thereof in llieir district. The sessions of the Legislature are biennial, and 
commence on the 1st Monday in November. The llllli biennial session commences in November, 1853. ' 

The govmior and lieutenant-governor are chosen, by a plurality of voles, for two years, and are not elisible for more 
than four out of any six years. They must liave the qualifications of Senators, and the lieutenant-governor is ex-offlcio 
president of the Senate. The governor's veto to a bill is negatived by a subsequent two-thirds vote of both houses. 

The adminUtratme officers of the Stale are a secretary, nominated by the governor, and confirmed hy llie Senate for 
two years ; and a treasiu-cr and a comptroller of accounts, chosen biennially by joint vote of both houses. Other officers 
ore the attorney-general, auditor, adjutant-general, commissioner of the land office, and superintendent of penitentiary. 
The juiUi-iary consists of the Supreme Court, District Courts, County Courts, etc. The Supreme Court consists of a 
Chief Justice and two associates, who are chosen by the people for si.t years. Three sessions are held ainually : one at 
Austin, on the second Monday of November ; one at Galveston, on the first Monday of January, and one at Tyler, on the 
flrst Monday of April. The Court has appellate jurisdiction only ; but in criminal cases, and appeals from interlocutory 
Judgments, it is under legislative regulations. The judges of the District Courts are elected for six years, and hold a 
court twice a year in each county. District Courts have original jnrisdicliou in all commercial cases, and in all suits both 
in law and equity, in which more than $100, exclusive of interest, is at stake. In criminal cases, if the punishment "he 
not speciUcally determined by law, the jury shall determine it. In equity causes, either parly may demand a jury. The 
Judges of both courts may be removed by Ihc governor on the address of two-thirds of each house ; or, upon impeach- 
ment, to belied by the Senate. There is also in each county a County Court, silting once a month, as a Court of 
Ordinary, and once in three months for the tr.ansactioij of county business. Justices of the Peace, with jurisdiction to the 
amount of .floo, are elecled in precincts for two years. Among the provisions of the constitution, the ftjilowing aro the 
most imporlant : Any person concerned in a duel, sending or accepting a challenge, shall be ineligible to any public office :* 
grants of money for private purposes, or for internal improvement, must be made by two-thirds of both houses: a wife's 
property, both real and personal, acquired before or after marriage, shall be her separate property ; a homestead of not 
more than '200 acres, not included in a town or city, or city and town lots, worth not more than $2,000, shall not he subject 
to forced sale for any debt hereafter contracted ; no corporation shall be created, renewed, or extended, with banking 
or discounting privileges ; private corporations can only be created by a vote of two-thirds of both houses ; the State 
may not borrow money unless by a like vote, nor contract an aggregate amount of debt of more than $100,000, except in 
case of war, invasion, or insufreclion ; no law shall be passed to emancipate slaves, except by their owners' consent, and 
after paying a full compensation for them ; emigrants to the State shall not bo prevented from bringing their slaves with 
them, but Ihe importation of slaves as merchandise may be forbidden ; laws may be passed obliging masters to treat their 
slaves Willi humanity, and to abstain from injuries to them, affecting life or limb. In case of disobedience of these laws, 
the slaves may be taken away, and sold for the benefit of the owners ; slaves accused of higher crimes than petit larceny 
shall have a fair trial by jury ; and any one who maliciously dismembers or deprives a slave of life, shall be punished as 
If he had conimilted the same crime on a white person, except in case of insurrection of such slave : one-tenft of the 
annual revenue derived from taxation shall be set aside as a permanent fUnd for the support of f>ee public schools, and 
all public lands granted for such schools shall not be alienated in fee, nor leased for more than 20 years. The constilution 
may be amended on the proposal of two-thirds of both houses, which propositions shall then be published tliree months 
before the next general election ; and if approved of at that election by a majority of the voters, and then ratilled by two- 
thirds of both houses, in the next Legislature, they shall be vali<l, and form part of the constitution. 

Finances, Dehi^ etc. — According to the Comptroller's report, dated 12lh November, 1S51, the debt of the late Republic 
of Texas, which has been recognized and adopted by the St:ite, including interest, amounted ostensibly to $12,4.36,991, or 
at par to $6,827,278. Of the debt. $9,647,263, or $4,807,774, par. had been Hied according to the act of 20lh March, 1843. 
and $3,789,738, or $2,019,514, had not been filed, and would require further Icgisiaiive action before its owners could benefit 
by Ihe act of 1S4S. The debl is classified as follows : 

Ostensilile. Par value. 

First c!««s.— Audited and ascertained claims $8,687,132 93 $3,817,821 64 

Second class. — Sufficiently authenticated to be audited 962,445 12 892,767 63 

TAird class.— Soi sufficiently authenticateil to be audited 97,675 10 97,675 10 

The first class embraces all consolidated funds, funded debts, treasury bonds, and audited paper, including the claims 
for naval vessels, loans from ITnitcd Stales bank, etc. 

The second class embraces claims not audited, but for debts contracted by the government under the sanction of law. 

The third class embraces claims not provided for by law, though many of them are highly meritorious. Among them 
are m.any claims for losses sustained during the war, from the appropriation or destruction of properly by the Texan army 
or that of the enemy. 

The act of Congress of 9th of September, 1850, provided that, as an indemnity for lands ceded by that act, for public 
property ceded by annexation, and for relinquishment for all claims upon the federal treasury, the United States should 
pay to Texas $10,000,000 in 5 per cent, slock, redeemable at the end of f.jurtecu jears, wilh interest, j>.iyable half yc-irly ; 
$6,000,000 of this stock was not to be issued "until the creditors "f the Slate holding bonds and other certificates of stock 
of Texas, yiir u-hich duties on imports were specwUy pledi/td, shall first file in proper form, at the Treasury of the United 
Slates, releases of all claims against the United States on account of said bonds or certificates." The executive of the 
United States has decided '■ that aU the public debl of Texas created prior to the act of Congress of that Republic of the 
I4lh January, 1840, and all the debt of said Republic made recoivalile for all public dues, are debts of Texas, for which 
the duties on imports are speciaUy pledged, and that releases of all claims againsi Iho United States for or cm account of 
Buch debts, should be filed in the Treasury Department, before tho President wiU be justified in issuing the eccond 
$6,000,000 stock to Texas." 

M 8i9 



TEX 



TEX 



Besides this immense sum, the State owns nearly 200,000.ii00 acres of liinds. .ind according to the census of the United 
States, the value of real and personal estate liable to taxation was valued at $52,T-lii,4»3. 

The average annual expenses of the Slate government are about $100,000, which is raised chiefly by a direct tax on 
assessments, and a capilatioa tax. 

The iniliUiry force of Texas consists of 19,766 men of all arms, of which 1,24S are commissioned oflScers, and 1S,51S 
non-commissioned ofiBcers, musicians, artificers, and privates. Of the officers, 1& are general officers, 45 gL-neral staff-oflQ- 
cers, 24S field officers, etc., and 940 company officers. Every white male citizen between the ages of 13 and 45 years, 
anless exempt by law, is liable to military duty. 

Federal Rejyresentation.— In accordance with the act of 23d May, 1S50, apportioning representation, Texas is entitled 
to two representatives in the Congress of the United States. 

Education. — Primary and common schools are established in the chief towns and counties, and education is becoming 
universal and easy of attainment. The State has a considerable school fund, which is being constantly augmented by 
grants and donations. The College of Kuterville has been liberally endowed by thu State, and is quite flourishing. Gal- 
veston University is also in full operation, and is very popular. There are also theological institutions in various towns, 
supported by the several denominations. Though in respect of educational means the State may at present occupy 3 
secondary rank»tlie provisions made for its advancement insure the speedy enlargement of the sphere of their influence. 

Religious DeJwmin<itiojis.—T]ie statistics of tho several religious dcnommatious in the State, in 1S50, according to the 
census of that year, were aa follows : 



Dennmina- No. of 
ti&na, Chunlies. 

Baptist 80 . 



Christian 

Congregat'l.. 
Dutch Kef.., 
Episcopal . . . 

Free.... 

Friends 



8,0To 
100 



1,025 
1,600 



Value of 

Pfopprty, 

. $19,790 

150 



15.100 
7,100 



Denomina- No, of 

lions, Oiurclies. 

German Eef. — . . 

Jewish — . . 

Lutheran ... — . . 
Menuonite . . — . . 
Methodist... 
Moravian . . . 
Presbyterian 



Cliu rch 
arcora. 



Vnlne of 
Property. 

$- 



88 . 



15. 



2S,95p .. 56,095 



C,100 , 



19,070 



Denomina- Nn, nr 
tions. Ohnrtheg. 

K. Catholic. . . 13 . . 
Sweileubo'u ., — .. 

Tunker — .. 

Union 2 .. 

Unitarian — . . 

Univergalist... — .. 
Minor Sects.. 3 .. 



ClHirch 
ac'crtm. 

6,760 . 



1,500 



V.il«e of 
rriiperty. 

$79,700 



5,000 



—making a total of 164 churches, having accommodation for 74.495 persons, and valued as property at $200,530. Texas 
forms a missionary diocese of the Protestant Episcopal Church; and also the Koman Catholic diocese of Galveston, a 
suffragan of the ecclesiastical province of New Orle.ins. 

Pnhlie Z/^'ra/'ie*.— According to the report of tbe lil>rarian of ihe Smithsonian Institution, in 1S51, Texas contained but 
4 public libraries, and 1,631 volumes — one State Hilary, 1,001 volumes; one cuMege library, 300 volumes; and two public 
school libraries, 830 volumes. 

Periodical Press.^The whole number of periodicals published in the State, in 1S50, according to the census, was 37, 
of which the political principles of three were " whig,'' and of 11 '' democratic," and 23 were neutral in politics, including 
those devoted to literature, religion, science, etc. Of the whole number t:i7), 3 were issued tri-weekly, 2 seoii-weekly^and 
32 weekly. The aggregate circulation of the tri-weeklies was 2,5n0 copies at each issue, of the semi- weeklies ISOO copies, 
and of the weeklies 14.S37 copies. There were published — in Anderson county, 1 weekly ; in Bexar (San Antonio), 2 week- 
lies ; in Bowie, 1 weekly ; iu Cameron (Brownsville), 2 weeklies ; in Cherokee, Calhoun, Dallas, Fannin, and Fayette, each 
1 weekly; in Galveston (Galveston City), 2 trl-weeklies, 1 semi-weekly, and 1 weekly; in Harris (Houston), 1 tri-weekly 
and 4 weeklies; in Harrison (Marshall), 2 weeklies; in Jasper, Lamar, and Matagorda, each 1 weekly ; iu Rusk (Hender- 
son), 8 weeklies ; in Red River and San Augustine, each 1 weekly ; in Travis (Austm), 2 weeklies ; in Victoria, 1 weekly ; 
Id Walker (HuntsviUe), 2 weeklies; in Washington, 1 semi-weekly and 1 weekly. 

Pauperism. —ThQ whole number of paupers relieved or supported within the year ending lat June, 1S50, was 7, all 
natives, and the whole number of paupers at that date* was 4. Cost of support, etc., $43S. 

Historical SkeidL—lliQ first settlements in Texas were made by the French at Matagorda ; but the settlers were soon 
after expelled by the Spaniards, who, in 1690, extended their cordons from New Spain over the whole territory. Previous 
to this time the Indians held undisputed sway over this fine country. Spanish forces were stationed at Goliad, Bexar, 
Nacogdoches, etc., and held military possession until the revolution which overthrew the Spanish power in Mexico, 
On the consummation of Mexican independence, Texas became, in connection with the adjoining State of Coahuila, a 
province of the Republic. Soon after this period, several colonies of Americans, who had been invited into the territory 
by the Mexicans, settled in the eastern section, and were for a long time secured from the onerous burdens of Mexico 
Proper. Previous to 1S35, however, serious complaints agaiust the central government, now a consolidated republic, 
were uttered, and in the following year open rebellion was rife. The Mexican President Invaded Texas with a large 
army, and was successively victorious and defeated in numerous skirmishes. The American settlers declared their imle- 
pendence in March, 1S36, and the defeat of the Mexicans and capture of Santa Anna, at San Jacinto, 21sl April, 1S36, 
secured to the patriot party the acknowledgment of their assumption by tha* leader, and the whole of the country east of 
the Rio Grande was acceded to them. The acts of Santa Anna, however, were never confirmed by the Senate, and of 
course their authority was, to say the least, equivocal. No serious attempts having been made by the Mexicans to regain 
Texas for eight or nine years, the political nationality of the country was considered as consolidated, and in 1S45, the 
United States of America admitted the young republic as a State of the Union. The consequences of this act was war 
with Mexico — a war wliich the United States virtually assumed by the annexation, at a time when Texas was in a state 
of war with Mexico. The history of this war is recent and well known. The arms of the United Slates were every- 
where victorious ; and when peace returnC*!, not Texas alone, but New Mexico and California Alta were parceled off to 
the Americans, and forever lost to the Mexican Republic. Tlie joint resolutions of Congress, admitting Texas into tho 
Union, were signed by the President of the United States, on the Ist March, 1S45, and ratified by the Congress of Texas, 
on the 4th July of the same year. The State Government was organizeti on the 19th Feb., 1S46. The bouudarj' between 
New Mexico and Texas, the latter of which claimed the line of the Rio Grande, was adjusted by compromise in 1S50. 

Austin City is the political capital of the State. 

Texas county, Mn. Situate toward the S., and contains ] Big Piney (V>rk of Gasconade r. Surface varied, in parts 
1,247 sq. m. Drained by head branches of Current r. and I being hilly, but in general it is undulating; soil fertile. 
S50 



TEX 



THO 



Ciiiof proiluctions, wheat and Indian com; it is also favor- 
able to lUe growlh of tobacco. Timber is abun.lanu It 
contains some minerals. Farms 233; manuf. 15; dwell. 
394, and pop.— wh. 2,270, fr. col. 0, si. 42-total 2,312. c'.//> 
iUil : Houston, 

Texas, p. o., Washington county, Intl.: &l mUes S. 
Indianapolis. 

Texas, p. o„ Eand.ilph CO., lU. : 216 m. 8. Springfleld. 

Texas, p. t., Oswe»o Co., X. Y. : on Salmon r., near its 
entrance into Lake Ontario, 140 m. W. N. W. Alliany. 

Texas, p. c, Lycoming county, Peim. : 75 m. N. by W. 
Ilarrisburg. 

Texas, p. o„ Henry county, O/ilo: 101 m. N. 'W. by N. 
Columbus. 

Texas Valley, p. o., CurlKiudt co., jT. F. .- 121 W. by S. 
Albany. 

Thames river, New London eo., Comi. : formed by the 
jimcliun of the Quinnebauff, Shclucket, and Tantic rivers, 
tiear Norwich, from which it flows S., and empties into 
Long Island Sound below New London. It ia navigable to 
Norwich, 14 miles. 

Thebes, p. v., and cap. Alexander co., lU. .• on E. bank 
of .Mississii,pi r., 170 m. S. S])riug8eld. It contains the county 
buildings, etc., and has many facilities for commerce. 

Tue Cornees, p. o., Ulster county, A', l". .■ on Esopus cr., 
53 m. S. S. W. Albany. 

The Foeks, p. o., Somerset Co., Me.: on W. side of Ken- 
nebec r., at junction of Dead r., 73 m. N. by W. Augusta. 

The Glen, p. o., Warren co., JT.Y.: 63 m. N. by W. 
Albany. 

The Gtn.rn,p. o., Cfialham county, y. Car. : 8S m. W 
Raleigh. 

TiiB Naerowb, p. 0., Crawford county, Arl:: 120 m 
N. W. by W. LitUe Uock. 

Theological SEMUiAEy, p. b., Fairfax CO., Tlrg. ; 9B m. 
N. IMdimond. The Episcopal Theological School of Vir- 
ginia is located here, and in 1S60 had 4 professors and 32 
sludciil.?. The library contains about 6,(J00 volumes. 

The Plains, p. o., Fauquier co., Vi/y. : 91 m. N. Ijy W. 
Eichmond. 

The Pokchase, p. o., Westchester co., y. T.: 114 m. S. 
Albany. r 

TiiEBESA, t. and p. v., Dodge county, Wise. : 67 miles 
N. E. by E. Madison. Tlie village is ou the N. side of 
Kock river. 

TiiEEESA, t. and p. v., .TelTerson Co., X y. .- 152 m. N. W. 
Albany. Surface uneven and broken. Drained by Indian 
r., on which is tho v., containing about 200 inhabitaula 
Pop. of t. 2,812. « 

Tue Squaee, p. 0., Caj-uga co., Jf. T. : ISO m. W. by N. 
Albany. 

TuETFOED, t, p. v., and sta.. Orange co., Verm. : on the 
W. side of Connecticut r., 87 m. S^E. by E. .Monlpdier. 
Surface uneven and rough. The t is well w.alered by Om- 
pomponoosuc r. and brauches, which alTord water-power, 
and also contains several pnuds, one of which is very deep' 
without inlet or outlet, and noted for abundance of fish. ThJ 
t. contains 3 villages. The central v. conlains a church an 
academy, several stores, etc. The Connecticut and Pas- 
sumpsic Elvers E. E. runs along the Connarticut r., having 
stations at Thetford and North Thetford. Pop. of t. 2,(110.° 
Thetfoed, t and p. o., Genesee county, JfMi. : 53 m. 
N. E. by E. Lansing. Drained by branches of Upper Sa'^- 
inaw and Flint rivers. Pop. 303. ° 

Tue VrLLAOE, p. 0., Point Coupee par., la. : 86 m. N. W. 
Baton Eouge. 

TniBonEACX. p. v., and cap. La Fourche par. La. : at 
junction of Blue and La Fourche bayoux. It contains the 
county l)uildings and 3 churches. The " MHicrv.-i" (whig) 
is published weekly. The New Orleans, OpeK.usas, an.! 
Texas E. E. will pass through this place. Pop. about 1.000. 
Thiokett Fork, p. o., Spartanburgh disL, S. Car. : 60 m. 
N. W. Columbia. 



TmvENEB, p. 0., Gallia county, 0!do: 88 m. S. S. E 
Columbus. 

Thomas county, Ga. Situate S. tow.ard the W., and con- 
tains l,34Ssq. m. Ochl,.ckonee rivcrenters it in the N W 
an.l passes cftilrally through it, by which and iu branches.' 
an.l by branches of Withlachoochee, it is drained. Surface 
level; soil fertile, and produces c.tton, rice, and com, in 
abundance. Apples, oranges, and lemons, etc., are grown 
ami pine and other limber abounds. Farms 584 : manuf. 
(>; dwell. 833, and pop._wh. 4,943, fr. col. 4, sla. 6,166- 
tolal 10,108. 0/^tV«/;Thomasville. PnWie m,,*,, ■ Bruns- 
wick and Florida E. E., an.l Branch to Tallahassee 

TnoM.vs, sta., Burke co., G,i. : on the Augusta and Waynes- 
boro' E. E., 36 m. S. from Augusta. 

T1J0.MASTON, p. v., and cap. Upson county, G„ ■ 09 m 
W. by 8. MillcJgeville. It contains Ihe court-house and 
ja.l, an academy, 2 churches, stores, etc. Pop. about ISO 

TnoMASToN, I and p. v., Lincoln co.. Me. : on E. side of 
St. George's r., 86 m. S. E. Augusta. This t. contains an 
abundance of limostoiie, from which 300,000 casks of lime 
are annually ma.le. The Maine State prison here located 
has spacious and commodious buildings, with 10 acres of 
ground attached. The prisoners are extensively employed 
m cutting granite. Large ships come up to this t 12 m. 
from the ocean. The " Lmcoln Miscellany" is issued semi- 
weekly. Pop. of t. 2,72.3. 

TnoMASTowN, p. v., Leake co., im.i. : on W. bank of 
Gochamockamy cr., 61 m. N. E. by N. Jackson. 

TnoMAsviLLE, p. v., and cap. Thomas co., Gti.: 169 m 
S. by W. Mi:ie.lgeville. The projected Brunswick an.i 
I lorida E. E. will pass through this place, with whicU the 
N. extension of Ihe Tallahassee and St. Mark's E. E. wUI 
here connect. It contains the county buildings, etc., and is 
a village rapidly rising inio commercial importance. 

TnoMASviLLE, p. v., Orcgou CO., Mo.: 125 m. S. S. E 
Jefferson City. 

TiioiiASviLLE, p. v., Eoberlson coonty. Turn. ; 2S m. N. 
Nashville. 

Thompson, t., p. v., and sla., Win.lham co., Cmiv. : 46 m 
E. N. E. Hartford. Drained by Frencli, Quinnebaug, aii.l 
Fire-mile rivers, which afford g,io,l water-power. On their 
banks are the mamifacluring villages of Thompson, Ma- 
sousville, Fisherville, Wilsonsville, and New B.iston, all .,f 
which, except New B.ist.m, are on the Norwich and Wor- 
cester E. E. The t. is large, with hilly surface, and fine 
grazing soU. Pop. in 1S40, 8,635 ; in 1860, 4,638. 

Thompson, p. v., Columbia co., ff.z. .■ on Ihe Georgia E. E. 
SSm. W. from Augusta, 60 m. N.E. by E.Hilledgeville. ' ' 
Thompson, t. and p. o.,. Geauga co., 0/do: 149 m. N. K 
Columbus. Pop. 1,211. 

Tno-Mpsorr, t., Seneca co., Ohio : situate in N. E. corner 
of the CO., 84 m. N. Columbus. Tho Mad Eiver and Lake 
Erie E. E. crosses it, 23 m. S. 8. W. Sandusky. Pop. 1,663. 
Thompson, L and p. o., Sus(|iiehanna co., Pain.: 121 m. 
N. by E. Uarrisburg. Pop. about 400, 

Thompson's, p. o., Fairfield dial., S. Car.: 19 m. N. W. by N. 
Columbia, 

Thompson's Ceoss Eoads, p. o., Louisa co., Tirg. : on S. 
side of South Anna r., 31 ni. N. W. Eichm.md. " 

Tno.MPSON'3 Statio.v, p. o., ami sta., Suffolk co., N. Y. : 
on Long Island E. E., 41 m. E. from New Tork. 

Thompson's Store, p. o., Guilford CO., N. Car ■ 73 m 
W. N. W. Ealeigh. 

Tn.iMrsoNTowN, p. v., .Tuniata CO., Penn. : on N. side of 
Juniata r, and on Canal, 29 m. N. W. Uarrisburg. 

TnoMTSO.'jTiLLE, p. V. and sla., llarlf..rd co.. Conn.: on 
E. bank of Connecticut r., and on Now Haven and Spring- 
Held E. E., 18 m. N. by E. Hartford. It contains a camel 
fiictory, which empl.>y8 400 operatives. 

Tk.)Mpsonvili.e, p. o., Eacine co., Wise : U m. E. S. E. 
Ma.lison. 

Tbo-mpsosville, p. v., Sullivan co., K. Y. : on small branch 
of Delaware r., S7 m. S. W. by 8. Albany Pop. about 2110. 

6fil 



THO 

TiiciTPSoNviLLE, p. o., Washington co., Ky.: 33 m. S.S.W. 
Frankfort. 

TiioMF80NTiLi.E, p. 0., Culpeppcr CO., Tlrg. : on N. side 
of branch of Kapid Ann r., 75 ra. N. N. TV. Richmond. 

Tiioi's creek, Colusi co., Calif. : flows E., and enters the 
Sacramento r., at Tehama village. 

TiionSBiiBG, p. v., Spottsjivania county, Tirff. : 46 m. 
N. N. W. Kichmond. 

TnoENBiT.Y, t. and p. o., Chester county, Penn.: 67 m. 

E. Harrisburg. Drained by Chester cr. and Brandywine r. 

TuoExniKE, p. v., Hampden Co., Mam. : »pn S. bank of 

Cliicopee r., 66i m. W. by S. Boston. A manufacturing T., 

witli superior water-power. 

Thokndike, t, and p. o., Waldo CO., M«. : St m. N. E. by E. 
Augusta, brained by Seliaaticook r. Pop. 1,029. 

fnoEN Hill, p. o., Walker co., Ala. : 132 m. N. N. W. 
Montgomery. 

Thoen Hill, p. c, Grainger county, Tenn. .■ 192 m. E. 
Nashville. 

TnoEN Hill, p. o., Orange co., Virg. : 50 m. N. W. by N. 
Kichraond. 

TnoEKLEYSTiLLE, p. V., Boono CO., /«(?.: IS m. N. W. 
Indianapolis. 

Thoenton, L and p. o.. Cook CO., III. : on N. side of 
Thorn cr., 15S m. N. E. Springfield. Pop. about 400. 

TuoESTON, t. and p. v., Grafton co., N. Ilump. : 57 m. 
N. by W. Concord. Surface uneven ; watered by Pemigc- 
wasset river. On Mill brook there is a cascade, at which the 
water first falls 7 feet in 2 rods, and then falls over a rock 
42 feet perpendicularly. Pop. of 1. 1,012. 

TiWRNToN, p. v., Delaware co., Penn.: 76 m. E. by S. 
Harrisburg. 

Thoexion's Febkt, p. o. and sta., Hillsboro' county, 
jV. namp. : on W. bank of Morrimac r., and ou Concord 
E. E., 6 m. from Nashua, 29 m. S. from Concord. 

Thoenton's lIiLis, p. o., Rappahannock co., nrg. : 85 m. 
N. N. W. Richmond. 

TnoRNTowN, p. V. and sta., Boone co., Ltd. : on N. side 
of Prairie cr., near its junction with Sugar cr., and on Lii- 
fayette and Indianapolis R.R., 37 ra. N.W. from Indianapolis. 
The V. contains about 550 inhabitants. 

Thoenttlle, p. v.. Perry co., Ohio: 36 m. E. by S. Co- 
lumbus. On the Scioto and Hocking Valley U. E. 

TnOEOuGHFARE, p. V. and sta.. Prince William co., Vlrg. : 
83 m. N. by W. Richmond. The Manassas Gap E. R. passes 
through it. It has flouring-mills in the vicinity, on Broad 
run, which affords good water-power. 

Tnonsisn islands, N. T. : situated in the St. Lawrence r., 

a little below Lake Ontario. The American portion of them 

belongs to JeflFerson CO., and the remainder to Canada. The 

St. Lawrence is here from 2 to 9 m. wide. The number of 

these islands, many of which are very small indeed, is said 

to exceed 1,500, within the distance of 27 m. The largest 

belonging to the United States are Carlton, Grindstone, and 

Wells islands ; and of those belonging to Canada, the largest 

are Grand and Howe islands. They are generally covered 

with cedar and hemlock to the water's edge : and many arc 

80 close together, that a canoe can hardly pass between. 

Theee Foeks, p. 0., Barren co., Ky. : 96 m. S. W. Frankfort. 

TmtEE Foeks, p. o. Wilson co., Tenn. : .35 m. E. Nashville. 

Theee Foekb, p. o., Taylor county, Vlrg. : ISS m. N. W. 

Richmond. 

Three Mile Bay, p. o., Jefferson county, N. Y. : 160 ra. 
N. W. by W. Albany. 

Theee Rivees, p. v., St, Joseph's Co., Midi.: on St. Jo- 
seph's r., near the junction of Portage r. and Rocky cr. ; 74 
m. S. W; Lansing. The St. Joseph's r. is navigable to this 
place for boats of 80 tons. 
Three Rivees, p. o., Polk CO., la. : 96 m. W. Iowa City. 
Three Rivers, p. v. and sta., Hampden co., Ma^x. : on 
Chicopee r., near junction of Ware and Swift rivers, 66 m. 
W. by S. Boston. The Amherst anif Relehertown E. R. 
passes through it, 3 m. from Palmer, 17 m. from Amherst. 
352 



TIM 

Three Roads, p. o., Cambria Co., Peim. : 95 m. W. by N. 
Harrisburg. 

Theee Sfeings, p. o.. Hart county, Xy. ; S3 m. S. W 
Frankfort. 

Three SpEmos,p. o., Huntingdon co., Penn.: 55 m. W. 
Harrisburg. 

Three SpEntGS, p. o., Washington CO., Virg. : 253 m. 
W. by S. Richmond. 

TiraoG's point, Westchester co., X T. : on S. E. point of 
Throg's Neck, projecthig into East r, 13 m. N. E. City Hall, 
New York. Here is Fort Schuyler, a very strong fortifica- 
tion, commanding the entrance of East r. from Long Island 
Sound. Here also is a lighthouse. (See Lighthouses.) 

Throopsvillk, p. v., Cayuga co., 2f. i'.: on Owasco out- 
let, 151 m. W. by N. Albany. 

Tnu.-fDEE bay, Mich. This large bay sets up N. W. from 
Lake Huron into Alpena Co., affording an excellent harbor, 
with 5 or 6 fathoms of water. Its waters are of reddish 
color. It receives Thunder Bay r., and other smaller streams. 
Several islands lie near the entrance of the bay. 

TncRMAM, p. o., Gallia county, Ohio: S5 miles S. by E. 
Columbus. 

TnunsTON, t, and p. o., Steuben co., K Y. : 1S6 m. W. by 
S. Albany. Pop. 726. 

Tiara, p. o., Montgomery co., Ala. .• 18 m. S. Montgomery. 

Tibbatt's Ceoss Roads, p. o., Campbell co.. Ay. : 57 ni. 
N. E. by N. Frankfort. 

Ticoxdeeoga,!. and p. v., Essex co., y.Y.: on both sides 
of outlet of Lake George ; S7 m. N. by E. Albany. Surface 
of t is level or rolling on the E., hilly and mountainous on 
the \V. ; soil clay loam and fertile, particularly near the lakes. 
The V. is situated at the lower falls, 2 m. W. of Lake Cliam- 
plaiu. The outlet has here a descent of SO feet, afliirding 
great water-power ; it is navigable U> the lower part of the 
V. for lake craft. The ruins of old Fort Ticomlcroga are 
situated 2 m. below the v., on a point of land at the entrance 
of the outlet of Lake George into Lake Champlain. Their 
site is elevated about 70 feet above the lake. Abnut 1 m. 
S. W. is Mount Defiance, rising 750 feet above the lake. 
Pop. of t. 2,669. 

TmiosTo, p. o., W.arren co., Penn. : on W. side of Alle- 
ghany r., 162 m. N. W. Harrisburg. 

Tiffin, p. v., sta., and cap. Seneca CO., Ohio : on Sandusky 
river, 76 m. N. Columlius: The Mad River and Lake Erie 
E. R. passes through it. It contains a court-house, jaU, 
several churches, etc., and is the centre of considerable 
trade. Four weekly newspapers are published — "Seneca 
Whig," "Western Whig St:mdard," " Seneca Advertiser!' 
(dcm.), and "Northwestern Continent" (neut.) Popula- 
tion 2,72S. 

Tiger, p. o., Rabun county, Ga. : 130 miles N. by W. of 
Milled geville. 

Ti.;ei-. Creek, p. o., Claiborne par., La. : 195 m. N. W. 
by N. Baton Rouge. 

TiQEcsviLLE, p. o.,Terre Bonne par., Zn.; at the junction 
of head-walersof Tiger bayou, 52 m. S. by E. Baton Eouge. 
Tn-tEE's Feeet, p. o., Kershaw disU, S. Car. : 50 m. N. E. 
by E. Columbia. 

Tii.TON, p. o. and sta., Murray co., Ga. : 156 m. N. W. 
Milledgeville. The Western and Atlantic R. R. passes 
through It, S m. S. Daiton, and 92 m. from Atlanta. 

TiMBAiJEE bay, La. ; Seta up N. W. from the mouth of 
Bayou La Fourche ; is 30 m. long, 3 to 6 m. wide. It is shal- 
low with sandy and muddy bottom. At its mouth are sev- 
eral large islands. 

Ti.MBEE, p. o., Peoria county. III. : 54 miles N. by W- 
Springfield. 

TiMBEB Creek, p. o., Marshall county, fa. : on S. side of 
branch of Iowa r., 72 m. W. Iowa City. 

Timber Creek, p. c, Hunt county, Tex. : 7 m. E. by S. ' 
Greenville. 2'iS m. N. N. E. Austin City. 

Tlmbee Gr/>ve, p. o., Washington CO., Virg. : 266 m. W. 
bv S. Richmond. 



TIM 



TIV 



Timber Kidge, p. o., Umou dist., S. Car.: fio ui. N. W. 
Columbia. 

Timber Ridge, p. o., Rockbridge co., Jlrg. : 101 m. W. 
by N. Kichmond. 

Timber Kidge, p. o., Greene county, Tenti.: 216 m. E. 
Nashville. 

TiMBEKVTLLE, p. T., Rockingliam, CO., Virg. : 117 m. N.W. 
• Richmond. 

Tjmonium, v. and sta., Eallimore co., M'f. : on the EaUi- 
niore and Susquehanna R. R., 11 m. N. Baltimdrc 

Tinker Knob, p. o., Botetourt co., Vi/y. : 145 m. "W. of 
Richninnd. 

TiNKKR RcN, p. 0., "Westmoreland co., Pe?}?}. : 143 m-W. 
Flarrisburg. 

Tinker's Creek, p. o., Barnwell district, S. Car.: 60 m, 
S. S. W. Columbia. 

TiSMOiTTn, t. and p. o., Rutland co., Term. : 63 ni. S. S.W. 
Moutpelier. Surface elevated and hilly. Drained by Fur- 
nace br<x>k. It contains marble and iron ore Pop. 717. 

Tin.ney's Grove, p. c, Ray co., Mo. : 1'20 m. W. N. W. 
Jeffers'in Citj'. 

TiSTON Falls, p. o., Monmouth co.. 2^. Jer.: on E, side 
of branch of Neversink r.. 341 m. E. by N. Trenton. This 
place and vicinity is of great res<^rt in tlie sumnu-r. 

Tioga county, N. }'. Situate centrally, and contains 456 
sq. m. Drained by branches of Susquehanna r., the princi- 
pal of which are E. and W. Owego creeks, and which afford 
pood water-power. Surface diversified by hills and valleys ; 
soil vari<ms, but fertile, consisting mostly of a gravelly loam, 
intermixed with clay; the uplands are adaple<l to grazing, 
and the valleys to wheat, grain, etc. There is a quantity of 
white pine and other valuable timber on the land. It has 
some minerals, and marl is found, which takes the place of 
lime. It, also contains sulphur springs. Chief productions, 
wheat, Indian com, and potatoes. Farms 2.03G ; manuf. 
8.54; dwell. 4,442, and pop.— wh. 24,6S3, fr. col. 197— Uital 
24SS0. Capital: Owogo. Puhlic Works: New York and 
Erie R. R.; Cayuga and Ithaca R. R. 

Tiot; A county, Penn. Situate N., and contains l.OSfi ^. m. 
Tioga r. passes through the eastern portion, by which and 
its braTiches, and affluents of W. branch of Susquehanna r., 
it is<irained. Surface pleasantly diversified, wiili low hills 
and fertile valleys. Soil fertile, and adapted to grain. 
AVIieat and Indian corn are raised in large quantities. A 
part nf the county is well wooded. Farms 2,1S;3; maimf 
225; dwell. 4,222, and pnp.— wh. 23,Ss9, fr. col. 98~lotal 
23,9S7. Capital :y{G\\\i\iOXo\ Puhlic iro/'X;«; Coruiiigand 
Elossburg R. R. 

TiOGA, t. and p. o., Tioga co., Penn. : 110 m. N. by W. 
H.arrisburg. Surface hilly ; soil various. Drained by Tioga 
r. The Corning and Blossburg R. R. passes through the t. 

Tioga, t., Tioga co., N'. Y. : on Susquehanna r., 140 m. 
W. 8. W. Albany. Surface hilly. Pop. 2,839. 

TiOGA Centre, p. v. aiul sta., Tioga co., 2f. Y. : on the 
Erie R. R., 252 m. from New York, 217 m. from Dunkirk. 

TioNESTA, t. and p. o., Venango co., Peini. : on E. side of 
Allegfiany r, 157 m, N. W. by "W. Ilarrisburg. 

TiPi'An county. Miss. Situate N. toward the E., and con- 
tains 1.037 sq. m. Drained by head branehes of Talla- 
hatchie river. Surface undulating. Farms 1,890; manuf. 
26: dwell, 2.655, and population— wh. lo,SOS, fr. col. 5, si. 
4.928~total 20.741. Capital: Ripley. 

Tipi'Ef!\xoE county, /^^//. Situate N. W., on Wabash r, 
and contains 504 sq. m. The interior is drained by Tippe- 
canoe r.. Wild Gat and Burnett creeks. Surface gently un- 
dulating, or spread out into extensive level tracts ; along Itie 
Wabnah. the county is hilly. Farms 1,377; manuf. 2(i4; 
dwell. 3.227, and pop.— wh. 19,81S, fr. col. 159— tot;d 19,377. 
—Capital: La Fayette. Puhlic Works: New Albany and 
Salem Extension R. R. ; Lafiiyetle and Indianapolis R. R.; 
Great Western Central R..K.< Wabash and Eric ('aual, et^-. 

Tippecanoe, sta.. Montgomery eo., Ala. : on Montgomery 
and West Point E. P., U m. E. from Montgomery. 



Tippecanoe, p. o., Ilarrison county, ^lio : 9S m. E. by IT 
Columbus. 

Tippecanoe, p. o., Ilcuderson co., Tenn.: 96 m.W. S.W. 
Nashville. 

Tippecanoe, p. o., Fayette co., Penn. : 145 m. W. by 8. 
Harrisburfi:. 

Tippe(\\noe river, Lid. : rises in a lake in Kosciusko co., 
flows W. and then S., and empties into Waflnsh river, 9 m. 
al)ovo Lafayette. It is over 200 ni. long, but is narrow and 
sh:d]ow, tbungh with a permanent supply of water. 

Tipton county, Jnd. Situate centrally, and contains 2^ 
sq. m. Drained by Cicero and Duck creeks. Surface 
mostly level and well timbered. Farms 339; manuf. 1; 
dwell. 627. an<Wip.— wh. 3.525, fr. col. 7— total 3,532. Caj^ 
itdl : Tiplon. Public Works : In<lianapolis and Peru R. E. ; 
NewcasUe and Logausport R. R. 

Tipton county, Tenii. Situate W., and contains 6S3 sq. ra. 
Drained by branches of Big Ilatehee and Looa;diatchee 
rivers, both tributaries of Mississippi r., which flows cm its 
W. border. Surface level, excepting the bluffs on the Mis- 
sissippi. Soil fertile, and adapted to cotton and tobacco, 
whieh are produced in large quantifies. Farms 631 ; manuf. 
16; dwell. 813, and pop.- wh. 4,678, fr. col. 22, si. 4.192— 
total 8,SS7. Capital: Covington. 

Tipton, p. v., and cap. Cedar co., la.: aliout H m.W. of 
Sugar cr., a tributary of Iowa r., 20 m. E. by S. Iowa City. 
It is situated on a handsome prairie, and is rapidly increas- 
ing in population. The "Tipton Times" (mlscel.) is pub- 
lished nmnthly. 

TuTON, p. 0., Lenawee county, ^fich. : 62 m. S. 8. E. 
Lansing. 

TiiTON, p. v., sta., and cap. Tipton county. Ind. : on Peru 
and Indianapolis 11. R..40m. N. Indianap'.lis. 

Tiro. p. o., Marshall co., Jfiss. : 157 m. N. by E. Jackson. 

Tisiiemingo county, Mi^s. Situate N. E., and contains 
1,149 sq. m. Drained by Tuscumbia anii Yellow creeks, 
and tributaries olE. fork ofTumliigbee r. Surface uneven, 
and on the Tennessee, which bounds it N. E., presents high 
bluffs. Chief productions, cotton anil Indian corn. Farms 
1,247; manuf 16; dwell. 2,201, and pop.— wh. 13,523, fr. 
col. 1, si. 1,961— total 15,490. Capital: Jacinto. Public 
W.>rk.^: Mobile and Ohio R. R. 

TisKiLWA. p. 0., Bureau co., 11/.: 101 m. N. Springfleld. 

TiTTcLT, sla.. Plymouth co., M>usn.: on S. side of Taunton 
river, and on Fall River R. R., 31 in. from Boston. 

TiTSWoRTU, p. o., Madison coinily, Ark.: on N. side of 
Richland cr.. 125 m. N. W. Little Roek. 

TiTURor, p. o., Greenville district, S. Car. ; 90 m. N. W. 
Colundjia. 

TiTira county. Tt^r. Situate N. E., and contains 1,145 
sq, m. Draine'l by White Oak bayou, and affluents of Big 
Cypress river, which flows on its S. border. Farms 269; 
manuf. 4; dwell. 548. and pop.— wh. 3.1 6S, fr. col. 1, si. 
4QS — lota! 3,(536. Capital: M<junt Pleasant. 

TiTusviLLE. p. V. and s(a., Mercer county, ^ Jer*: on 
Eelvidere Delaware R. R., 9i m. N. W. Trenton. 

TiTrsviLLR, p. o., Crawford co., Penn. : 171 m. N.W. byW. 
Harrisburg. 

Tiverton, t. and p. o., Coshocton co., Ohio : 53 m. N. E. 
Columbus. Drained by Walhonding r. Pop. S42. 

Tiverton, Land p.v., Newport CO., P. I.: IBm.N.E.byE. 
Newport, and 18 in. 8. E. by S. Providence. Bounded W. 
by the E. passage of Narragnnsett bay and Mount Hope 
bay, which afford great facilities for navigation. Surface 
gently uneven ; soil gravelly loam, and fertile. It contains 
several ponds, abounding with fish, the (mtlets of which 
affiTd water-power. It is connected with Rhode Island by 
a stone bridge 1,000 feet long. The v. and t. contain'nu- 
merous factories, cliicfly of calicoes, cotton batting, thread, 
c/)arse yarn, cassirnercs, and tweeils. The v. contains 1 
bank, capital 1200.000, ha« cnnsidi-rable coasting trade, and 
i* somewhat engaged in Iho fisheries. Pop. of t. in 1S40, 
8,188; ia 1S50, 4,699, 

663 



TIV 



TOL 



Tiverton Four Corners, p. v., Newport co., li. L : 9 m. 
K. E. Newport, 21 m. S. E. by S. Providence. 

TivoLi, p. V. and sla., Duchess CO., 2f. Y. : on E. side of 
Hudson r., 44 m. from Albany. 

TiToLi, p. c, Dubuque county, la. : 64 m. N. N. E. 
Iowa City. 

Tobacco I^ort, p. v., Stewart co., Tenn. : on N. E. side 
of Cumberland r, 69 m. W. N. W. NiisliviUe. 

Tobacco Row, p. o., Amherst county, Virg, : 94 m. W. 
Jlichmoud. 

Tobacco Stick, p. o., Dorchester co., Md, : 3S m. S. S. E. 
Annapolis. 

Tobey's, station, 'Bristol county, Muss. : on Boston and 
Providence E. K., 17 miles from Providence, 26 miles fi-om 
Boston. 

ToccoA Falls, p. o., Habersham co., Ga. : 106 m. N. 
MiUedgeville. 

ToccopoLA, p. o., Pontotoc county, Mi^s. : 14T m. N. N. E. 
Jackson. 

ToDD county, Ey. Situate 8. toward the W., and con- 
tains 362 sq. m. Drained by Elk fork of lied r., which 
flows into Cumberland r. and tributaries of Green r. Sur- 
face even. Farms 930; mauuf. 2s ; dwell. 1,316, and pop. 
— wh. 7,361, fn col. 97, si. 4,819— total 12,208. Capital : 
Elkton. 

Todd, t. and p. o., Huntingdon CO., Fenn. : 56 m. "W. 
Harrisburg. It contains a furnace, forge, and numerous 
mills. Pop. about 900. 

Todd's, p. o., Spottsylvania county, Virff. : 43 m. N. N."W. 
Eichmond. 

Todd's Creek, p. o., Platte co., Mo. : 148 m. W. N. W. 
Jefferson City. 

Toddstille, p. 0., Otsego county, If. Y.: 70 m. W. 
Albany. 

ToGUS Springs, p. o., Kennebec county. Me. : 5 m. 8. E. 
Augusta. 

TonopEKATTiGO lake. Orange co., Flor. : near S. boundary 
line of the co., 12 m. long, 5 m. wide, and connected with 
Lake Kissimear. 

ToLAND Prairie, p. o., "Washington coimty, WiiC. : 52 m. 
E. by N. Madison. 

Toledo, p. o., Union coimty, Jll. : 152 miles 9. by E. 
Springfield. 

Toledo, p. city, and port of entry, Lucas coi, Ohio: on 
W. bank of Maumee r. 5 ra. from its entrance into Mauracc 
bay, 117 m. N. by "W. Columbus. The built portion of the 
city extends for more than a mile along the bank of the 
river, but it is most compact at its upper and lower e.\lremi- 
ties or landings, which were originally two distinct settle- 
ments, called Port Lawrence and Vistula. The rapidly 
increasing population is fast tUling up with houses, whatever 
of ground remains unoccupied between these points. The 
city contains many flue blocks of warehouses, stores, and 
dwellings, with some handsome public buildings, and 
numerous churches. Its settlement was commenced about 
1831 ; and it was incorporated as a city in 1S.36. II has had 
a very rapid growth, chiefly do'eloped from its connection 
with the 'SVabash and Erie canal, which extends from 
Manhattan, 4 miles below Toledo, to Evansville, Tndiaua, 
on the Ohio river, 467 m. The railroads here centering 
are, Toledo, Norwalk, and Clevelaml P.. E., Ill miles; 
Erie and Kalamazoo K. K. to Adrian, 82 m. ; Dayton and 
MichigJin R. R. ; and the Junction E. E., to Cleveland-ix'a 
Sandusky. 

The total tonnage of Miami district, of which Toledo is 
the port of entry, on June 30th, 1S50, was 2.629 tons, all 
permanent and employed in the coasting trade; of which 
539 tons were propelled by steam. The total tonnage of 
same on June 30, 1S51, was 3.2.36 tons; of which 1.153 tons 
were propelled by steam. During the year ending June 
80th, 1850, it had no foreign coiumerce or ship-building. 
The following exhibits the value of the total amounts of 
imports and exports during the years mentioned. 
864 



Tear. Imports. Exports. Total Commerce. 

1347 $4,033,986 $3,848,248 $7,882,233 

1S4S 7,852,021. 6,263,464 13,115,485 

1851 22,987,772 7,847,608 80,835,680 

1852 87,565,029 19,738,923 67,303,952 

The value of the principal articles in the above, during the 

year 1S52, were as follows: 

XMPOKT8 COASTWISE. ■ 



Salt $236,633 

Lumber, pine 200.592 

K.E. Iron 1,798,275 

Car wheels, etc 136,185 

Locodiotives 196,000 

P.. II. cars 42,6r)0 

P.. E. materials 120,120 

Machinery 62,780 



Nails $70,171 

Iron 64.291 . 

Stoves, etc 93,192 

Hardware 465,000 

Marble 174.760 

Leather 441,600 

Sug.ir 171,612 

Molasses 228^05 



EXPORTS COASTWISE. 

Wheat $2,250,092 , Beef $187,990 

Flour 504,033 I Tallow 188,665 

Corn 2,177,154 I Spirits 456,484 



Pork 703,162 

Hams 675,010 

Baeou 194.750 

Lard 452,958 

Lard oil 107,112 

Live Hogs 8.36,793 

Cattle ll),tUO 



Tobacco 120,925 

Butter. 44,786 

Staves 96900 

Pearl and potashes. . 187,425 

Oilcake 98,816 

Wool 190,893 

Furs 210.000 



The amount of duties collected at this port during 1SB2, 
on goods entered here, and on articles entered at New York 
and brought here in bond, was $80,001 88. The arrivals 
and departures during 1S52, were as follows: 

Arrivals. Departures. 

Numl>er. Toiiii.ige. 

.. 92S 495,021 

..1,129 179,597 



Vessels. Huiiil)t:T, Tonruge, 

Steam 926 494,111. 

Sail 1,:2T 173,152 . 



Total 2,il53 673,293 2,057 674,615 

Th#Brilisli tonnage in the above, consisted of 1 ateam 
vessel, 150 tons, aud 10 sail vesaels, 1,001 tons. 

The increase of the total number of vessels and their 
tonnage, which entered aud cleared from Toledo, during 
1S52, over 1S51, was aa follows: 

Tonnage. 
Year. Vessels. Steam. Sail. Tr.tnl. 

1S51 3,212 579,076 259,753 83S.S34 

1852 4,110 989,132 358,779 1,S47,911 



Increase... S9S 410.050 99,021 509,077 

The total tonnage arriving at, and departing from, Toledo 
by the Wab-ish and Erie canal, during 1S50, was 134,400 tons, 
and during 1S51, 250,000 tons. Of this, by far the largest 
quantities brouglit to Toledo were those of wheat, flour, and 
corn ; and of those sent from Toledo, the largest was rail- 
road iron, of which the amount cleared in 1S51, was 
13,SS9.921 pounds; and in 1S52, 41,933.502 pounds. The 
increase of gr.'un, flour, and pork brought by the canal frota 
the interior during lSo2, was 50 per cent over the amounts 
brouglit during 1S51. The receipts of grain aud other 
produce brought by railroad during 1852, were more than 
twice the amounts in 1S51, or any year preceding ; and this 
was also the case with the receipts by wagon. Toledo prom- 
ises to long retain ita present pre-eminence over the other 
lakeporla. as the leading market and ea^orting town of the 
great staples of N. W. Ohio. 

The city is divided into 4 wards of nearly equal population, 
lis newspaper press in 1850 consisted of the '* Toledo liiade" 
(whig), and "T"ledo Republican" (free-soil dem.), each 
issuing daily, tri-weekly, and weekly editions. Pop. in 1S40, 
1,222 ; in ISOO, 8.S10 ; in 185:1, 6,512. 

ToLERS, p. o., Amit6 co., J//m. ; 94 m. S. S. "W. Jackson. 

ToLEEvn.i.E, p. V. and sta., Louisa county, Virg. : 40 ni. 
N. W. by N. Richmond. By Virginia Central E.R., which 
pusses through it, 56 m. from Richmund. 



TOL 



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Toi-ESBOito', p. o., Lewis county, Ky. : 90 m. E. by N. 
Frankfort. 

Tolland county, Conn. Situate N., inclining to the E., 
and contains 337 sq. m. Drained by Williuianlic, Hop, 
Hockanum, Salmon, and Scantic rivers, and tlicir afllucnts, 
wliich afford good water privileges. Farms 1,94-3; nmnut'. 
■. 241; dwell. .5,741, and pop.— wh. 19,946, fr. col. 145— total 
20,091, Ciqitlal: "YuWmA. Piihlic Works: New London, 
■Willimarilic, and Palmer R. K. ; Ilartford, Providence, and 
, Kishkill K. P.. 

ToLLANO, l„ p. v., and cap. Tolland county, Conn. : 18 m. 
N, E. by E. Hartford. Surface rough and hilly; soil rather 
sterile, but fertile in the v.alleys. Drained by Willim.antic r, 
which bounds it on the E., and by head branches of Hop r. 
Snipsic Pond, on its N. W. border, is 2 m. long and J m. 
wide. The v., situated on an elevated plain, contains a 
court-house, jail, 1 bank, cap. $81,000, 1 savings bank, with 
permanent deposits of over .$125,000, 1 insurance company, 
cap. $253,000, and 3 churches. The New London, 'VVilli- 
mantic, and Palmer K, K., runs on the N, E, bonier of the 
L, having a station 45 m. from New London 21 m. from 
Palmer. Pop. of 1. 1,410. 

ToLLAKD, t. and p. v., Hampden co., Mria. : on E, side of 
Farmington'r., 103 m. W. by S. Boston. Surface elevated ; 
soil best adapted to grazing. The inhabitants are chiefly 
engaged in farming. The v. at the centre is neatly built, 
and contains a Congregational church. Pop. of t. 694. 

Toll Gatk, p. o,, Marion CO., Alii.: on W. side of Butla- 
balchee r,, 156 m. N. W. Montgomery. 

ToHAUAWK, Bta., Powhattan Co., Vir(;.: on Kichmoud 
imil Danville P,. E., 17 m. W. by S, Richmond. 

Tomahawk Spriko, p. 0., Berkeley county, Virg.: 133 m. 
N. by W. Richmond. 

ToMisiGEEE river, 3riss. and A!<l. : rises by several sources 
in Tishemingo county. Miss,, flows S,, receiving numerous 
creeks, and bending to the E., enters Pickens county, Ala. 
In the N. part of Marengo co,, it receives from the N. E. 
Uie Black Warrior r., nearly as large as itself, and thence 
flows S. in a meandering course, until it unites with Ala- 
bama r. to form Mobile r., 45 m. above Mobile. During 
Bine months in the year, it is navigable for large vessels to 
St. Stephens, and for steamboats to Columbus, Mi.«3. 

To.M CoEwix, p. o,, Allemakee co,, la. ; about 2 m. W. of 
the Mississippi, 96 m. N. by E. Iowa City. 

T0.M1IANN0CK, p. c, Rensselaer county, K T. : 22 m. 
N. E, by N, Albany. 

ToMOLTAjp. 0., ChcrokoQ co., JV. Car. : 297 m. W. by S. 
Ealeigh. 

Tompkins county, JK Y. Situate W. centrally, and con- 
tains 5S0 sq. m. Drained by Fall, and SLx Mile creeks, and 
Cayuga inlet, all of which enter Cayuga lake in their 
course, having considerable falls, and supplying good wati-r 
privileges. Surface uneven ; soil fertile, well adapted in the 
hdly portions to grazing, and in the valleys to grain, fruits, 
etc. The growth of wool is much attended to by the 
farmers. Its commerce is good, and it exports consider- 
ably. Chief products, wheat, Indian com, and polatoes. It 
has 'some minerals, and marl and gypsum in abundance, 
also 2 or S sulphur springs. Farms 3,193; mauitf, 4H4; 
dwell. 7,103, and pop.— wh. 3S,tt0, fr. col. 29S— total 3S,73s, 
CapiUU : Ithaca. PahlicWorkti: Cayuga and Ithaca K. K. 

To.MPKi:;s, t. and p. o., Jackson county, Jfirfi.: 24 m, S. 
Lansing. Drained by Grand r. and Sandstone cr,. a branch 
of same. The inhabitants are mainly engaged in farming. 
It has 1 steam saw-milL Pop. in 1S40, 209 ; in IS.'iO, 623. 

ToMPKiNsviLLK, p. o., Choctaw CO., Ala. s on W. side of 
Tombigbee r., 105 ul W. by 8. Montgomery. 

ToMPKiNBViLLK, p. v., and cap, Mimroe county, K;/. : on 
email branch of Big Barren r.. Ill m'. S. 8. W. Frankfort. 
It contains the county buildings, etc. Pop. al)out 240. 

ToMPKiNsviLLE, p, V., Richmond county, j\^. >'. ,■ on N E. 
part of Staten Island, 6i miles S. W. by 8. City Hall, New 
Tork, 140 m. S. by W. Albany. It occupies a very beauti- 



ful site, overlooking New York bay, the Narrows, etc, and 
contains many flne residences, with 3 churches, etc. Steam 
ferry boats ply hourly to New Tork. It is chiefly noted fbr 
containing the Quarantine Station of New York. The 
ground appropriated for the purposes of a lazaretto has a 
frontage on the bay of about 1,400 feet, and extends back 
1,200 feet. It is Inclosed by a high brick wall, and includes ^ 

suitable hospitals for the sick, and offices for physicians anti 
others employed at thi quarantine. The largest hospital, 
that for fever patienls,,is nearest the water; it is constructed 
of brick, 8 stories high, 136 feet long by 28 feet wide. The 
hospital for convalescents, on rising ground above, is of 
brick, 3 stories high. 50 feet long, 45 feel high, with 2 wings 
66 by 26 feet each. The small-pox hospitid is 2 stories high, 
SO feet long, 2S feet wide, and generally has the largest 
number of ])atients. There are other hospital buildings for 
various diseases, all of which are built of brick, with open 
galleries. 

Tom's Brook, p. v., Shenandoah county, Virff.; 118 m, 
N, N, W. Richmond. 

Tom's Creek, p. o., Surry Co., K Car, : on creek of same 
name, 118 m. W. N. W. Raleigh. 

Tom's River, p. v., and cap. Ocean Co.. K. Jer. : on Tom's 
r., at head of Tom's r. bay, 35 m. S. E. by E. Trenton. 

ToMsviT,LE, p, v., Chester dist,, S. Car. : on N. side of 
branch of Broad r,, 58 m, N, by W. Columbia. , 

To.vAWA.NDA, t., p. v., and sta,, Erie Co., K T. : 269 m. 
W. by N. Albany. Surface of t. level ; soil fertile. Drained 
by Tonawanda creek. Grand island belongs to this town. 
The village is situated on E. side of Niagara r., at mouth of 
Tonawanda creek. Thn lugh it pass the Erie Canal ; Buffalo 
and Niagara Falls R. l;., 11 m, from Buffalo, and 11 miles 
from Niagara Falls; and the Butfalo and Lockport E. R. 
From the dam here in the creek there are outlet locks to 
Niagara river. It has a good harbor for steamboats and 
other vessels. Considerable manufaeturing is carried on. 
The " T, Commercial" (neut.) is published weekly. Pop. 
of t. in 1S40, 1,261 ; in 1860, 2,072. 

ToNTLNE, p. o,, Steuben county, if. Y.: 133 m. W. by S. 
Albany. 

Tooele county, Utah Ter. Extends from the W. bound- 
ary of Salt Lake and Utah counties to the Califurnian line, 
and contains about 18.000 sq. m. It Is crossed by Hum- 
boldt and other mountains, and in the W. are Mud and 
Humboldt lakes, which receive many streams, but have no 
outlets. It is a flne farming region. Farms 27 ; manuf. 0; 
dwell. 33, and pop.— wh. 152, ft. col. 0, si. 0— total 163. 
Capital : Tooele City. 

Tooele, p, v,, and cap. Tooele CO., Utah Ter.: 30 m. W, 
Salt Lake Oily. 

Toolet's, p. o., Concordia parish. La. : 76 miles N. N. W. 
Baton Rouge. 

TooLSBOEO', p. o., Louisa co., Ta. : 42 m. 8. E. by S. Iowa 
City. 

Tool's PoraT, p. o,, .Jasper eo., la. : 72 m. W. Iowa Oily, 

TooMsuoRo', p. o., Wilkinson county, Oa. : 20 mUes 8. 
Milledgeville. 

Topsail Soiinp, p. o.. New Hanover co.. If. Car. : 106 m, 
S, S, E. Raleigh. 

TofspiELn, t and p. v., Washington county. Me, : 181 m. 
N. K, Augusta. Poj). of t. '208. 

ToPSFiELD, t and p. v., Essex co.. Mats. : 20 m. N. by E. 
Boston. Surface diversified. Drained by Ipswich r. Fu'St 
setUed in 16;?9; incorporated in 1650. The village contains 
a church, academy, and some handsome dwellings. Boots 
and shoes are amoyg the principal maunf;icture8. Popula- 
tion of 1. 1,171. 

Top8nA.M, t., p. V,, and one of the caps. Lincoln co., Me. 
2S m. 8. 8. W. Augusta. Bounded E, by Kennebec river 
and S. and W. by the Androscoggin, which afl'ords great 
water-jtower, and extensive facilities for navigation and 
ship-builtiing. 8aw-mills are numerous, and lumber is 
largely exported. The v. contains a court-house, 1 bank, 

855 



TOP 



TRA 



cap. $50,000, churches, etc. Through it passes the Kenne- 
bec and I'orLland E. R., 28 miles from Portland, 32 m. from 
Augusta. It is oonnccted by a substantial bridge with 
Brunswick, situated on the opposite side of the Androscog- 
gin. Pop. of t. in 1340, 1,SS3; in 1850, 2,010. 

ToPBHAM, t. and p. v., Orange county, Verm. : 20 miles 
8. E. by E. Montpelier. Surface elevated, unt;veu, and 
stony. Watered by head branches of Wail's r., which fur- 
nish water-power to numerous mills. The t. also contains 
several tanneries, and other manufactories. Granite is 
found abundantly. First settled in 17S1. Pop. 1,6GS. 

Toehit's Stoee, Chester district, S. Car.: 42 miles N. 
Columbia. 

ToEcu, p. a., Athens co.. Ohio : 69 m. S. E. Columbus. 

ToRO, p. 0., Sabine parish, La. : 162 m. W. N. W. Baton 
Bougc. 

Toronto, p. o., Vermillion county, Ind. : 65 miles W 
Indianapolis. 

ToERiNoFOED, p. V., Litclifield CO., Conn. : 22 m. W. by N. 
Hartford. 

ToERiNGTON, t. and p. v., Litchfield county, Co7in. ; 26 m. 
"W. by N. Hartford. Surface uneven. Drained by Nauga- 
tuck river and its branches. The Naugatuck R. R. passes 
through its E. part, having stations at the flourishing 
manufacturing v. of Wolcoltville (wliich see), and at Burr- 
ville. Burrville contains a large tannery, and furnishes 
large quantities of agricultural and dairy productions, con- 
siderable timber and brick. Pop. of t in 1S40, 1,70T ; in 
1S50, 1,916., 

TosNOT, sta., Edgecombe co., y. Car.: on Wilmington 
and Weldon R. R., 108 miles from Wilmington, M m. from 
Weldon. 

ToTTON's Weli^ p. 0., Obion county, Tetm. : 126 miles 
W. by N. Kashville, 

■ ToTTENViLLE, p, T., Eichmond co., J^. T. : 143 m. S. by W. 
Albany. 

ToTTY's Bend, p. o., Hickman county, Tenn. : 43 miles 
S. W. by W. Nashville. 

TocxMiNviLLE, V. and sta., Mobile CO., Ala.: on Mobile 
and Ohio K. K., 8 m. N. by W. Mobile. It is of much resort 
in summer from Mobile, etc. 

Toulon, p. v., and cap. Stark co., Ill : 8S m. N. by W. 
Springfield. Situated on the border of a prairie, near the 
head of a small stream ; it is a pleasant, healthy place, con- 
taining the county buildings, etc. 

TowALLTOA, p. 0., Butts county, Ga. : 46 m. W. N. W. 
MlUedgeville. ' 

TowANDA, t, p. b., and cap. Bradford co., Penn.: on W. 
side of Susquehanna r and N. side of Towanda cr., 100 m. 
N. by E. Harrisburg. Surface oft. billy; soil gravelly loam. 
Drained by the above streams and Sugar cr. It contains 
bituminous coal. The b., on the Susquehanna r., was incor- 
porated in 182S, and contains the court-house, jail, a furnace, 
tannery, and other manufacturing establishments. Three 
newspapers are issued weekly—" B. Reporter'' (free soil), 
"B. Argus" (whig)j and "North Pennsylvanian (dem.) 
Pop. 1.171. 

TowEE Falls, p. o., Monroe co., Tenn. : on N. side of 
Tennessee r., 157 m. E. by S. Nashville. 

Tower Hill, p. o., Washington county, R. /..'8 m. W. 
Newport. 

Towxesville, p. v., Steuben co., K. Y. : 193 m. W. by S. 
Albany. 

Town BLrFF, p. o., Tyler county, Tex. : on W. bank of 
Neches r., 216 m. E. by N. Austin City. 

Town Creek, U. S. collection district, Md. : had, on the 
80th June, 1850, a total tonnage of 2,227 tons, all of which 
was enrolled and licensed, permanent, and employed in the 
coasting trade. During the year preceding, il had no for- 
eign commerce or ship-building. 

Towker'b, p. o., Putnam co., N. T. : 82 m. S. Albany. 

Town Hill, p. o., Luzerne county, Penn.: 80 m. N. E. 
Harrisburg. 



Town House, p. o., Smyth co., Ttrg. : 220 m. W. by 8* 
Richmond. 

Town Line, p. o, and sta., Erie co., K. Y. : on Buffalo 
and New York City E. E„ 15 no. E. from Buffalo; 254 m* 
W. Albany. 

TowNSBtJKY, p. v., Warren co., I^. Jer. : on both sides of 
Pequest cr., 44 m. N. N. W. Trenton. It has several mills, 
moved by water-power atT'irdctl by the crei^. 

TowNsi-^'D, t. and p. v., Middlesex county. MaB8. : 89 m# 
N. W. by W. Boston. Surface undulating or level : drained 
by Squantieook r. and branches flowing into Nashua t9 
The t. contains three flourishing villages, Ihr^iugh which 
passes the Peterboro' and Shirley E. K. The v. at the 
centre contains 2 churches, a good academy, and is neatly 
built. Pop. ofL 1,947. 

Townsend, p, o., Chemung co., ^. Y.: 16G m. W. by S. 
Albany. 

Townsend, L and p. o., Sandusky co., Ohio: on S. side 
of Sandusky bay, 96 m. N. Columbxw. The inhabitants are 
mainly engaged in agricultural pursuits. Pop. in 1S40, 692 ; 
inlSSfl, 969. 

Townsend Haeboc, p. v. and sta., Middlesex co., Mass. : 
37 m. N. W. by W. Boston. The Peterboro' and SUiriey 
R. R. passes through, 8 m. from Groton, there connecting 
with Fitcliburg R, R., by which il is 43 m. from Boston. 
This is a pleasant and flourishing v., containing several 
mills, stores, etc 

TowNSEND's Inlet, p. o., Cape May co., JV. Jer. : 73J m, 
S. by E. Trenton. 

TowNSENDSYiLLE, p. 0., Scneca county, N. Y. : 160 m. W. 
Albany. 

TowNSHEND, t and p. v., Windham co., Verm. : SS m. S. 
Montpelier. Surface uneven, with elevatod and steep hills; 
watered by West r. flowing S. E. through it centrally, upon 
the E. bank of which the a. is situated, containing 3 
churches and an excellent academy. The t. contains seve- 
ral tanneries, grist and saw mills. Pop. oft. 1,354. 

TowNTiLLE, p. o., Anderson diat., S. Car.: on N. side of 
Savannah r., 117 m. W. N. W. Columbia. 

TowsoNTOws, p. o., Baltimore co., Md. : 2S m. N. by W 
Annapolis. 

Tracy, p. o., Huntingdon co., Ind. : on N. side of Wabasb 
r., 81 m. N. E. by N. Indianapolis. 

Tract's Landing, p. v., Anne AYundel co., Md. : 13 m. 
S. by W. Annapolis. 

Trapkusville, p. v., Madison co., Oliio : 25 m. W. by S. 
Columbus. 

Trade's Hill, p. o., Chatham CO., IT. Car. : on New Hope 
r., IS m. W. Raleigh, 

Tranquility, p. o., Granville county, K. Car.: 26 m. N. 
Raleigh. 
TRANQirrLiTY, p. 0., SussGX CO., 2^. Jer. : 66 m. N. Trenton. 
TnANyuiLiTY,*p. o., Adams co., Ohio: 76 m. S. by W. 
Columbus. 

Tranquilua, p. o., Jones co,, Ga.: a little N. of branch 
of Oconee r., 20 m. W. by N. Milledgeville. 

Transit, p. o., Genesee co., N. Y. : 23T m. W. by N. 
Albany. 

Transit BuroGE, p. o., Alleghany county, ^ Y. : 22S m. 
W. by S. Albany. 

Transparent lake, y. Y.: lies partly in Hamilton ami 
partly in Herkimer counties, 82 m.N.W. Alb.iny. 11 isSm. 
long and 2 m. wide. Its waters, noted for Ilieir clearness, 
abound with salmon, trout, etc., of very large size and deli- 
cious flavor. It is surrounded by a wild regitm, abounding 
with gnme. 

Trap Hii-l, p. o., Wilkes co., K. Car. : 149 m. W. by N. 
Ealeigh. 
Teappe, p. v., Talbot co., Md. : 82 m. 8. E. Annapolis. 
Trappe, p. v., Montgomery county, Penn.: 78 m. E. 
Harrisburg. 

Trascinto, p. o., Neshoba county, Miss.: 70 m. E. N. E. 
Jackson. 



TRA 



THE 



Ta.tsK, p. o., Grant CO., //('/. ; 61 m.N. N. E.IndianapoHs. 

TnAVELi-Eit's Repose, p. o., Pocahontas co., Vtrff. : 145 m. 
W. Nv W. Eichmon'i. 

Traveller's Repose, p. o., Franklin co., J/o. .■ on E. 
ei'le of B'liirbL'uae cr., 65 m. E. by S. Jefferson Cily. 

Traveller's Hest, p. v., Dooly co., Ga. : about 2J m. E. 
Flint r., 75 ni. S. \V. MiHedgeville. 

Traveller's IIest, p. o., Coosa county, Ala.: 2T m. N. 
Montgomery. 

.Traveller's Rest, p. o., Greenville dist., S. Old:: 99 m. 
N. "W. Colunibia. 

Traverse T)e Sroux, p. v., Dakota county, Mttm. Ter. : 
situated on Minnesota r..by which U is S2 m. from St. Paul; 
in direct course about 5C ni. \Y. 9.W. St. Paul. It was hud 
out in 1S52. In the spring of 1S53 it contained 3 trading 
houses, several stores, etc., with good prospects of increasing 
trade. 

Tr.Avis county, 7e\A Situate centrally, and contains 
about 1,000 sq. rn. The Rio Colorado pnssi-s centrally 
tliroiigh il, by which and its affluiints it is drained. To the 
N. W. is an extt^nsive territory, which is attaolicd to the co. 
Surface varied ; in the norlhern portions, hills and valleys 
being inter.«persed, while in the southern 11 extends into 
broad, level i>hun3. resembling the rich prairip lands of the 
adjoining territory. Soil fertile, and consists chiefly of a 
deep black mold, which is generally very productive. 
Farms 111* ; nianuf. 1 ; dwell. 423, and pop.— wh. 2,33G, Xr. 
col. 11, 8l. 791— tr)tal 3,13S. Orpital : Austin. 

Travis, p. o., Austin co., Tex. : in the N. part of the co., 
SC m. E. by S. Austin City. 

Tratlorsviu.e, p. o., ITenry co., Virg.: on branch of 
Dan r., 148 m. W. S. W. Richmond. 

Treadway, p. o., Barnwell dist., S. Car.: 53 m. S. S. W. 
Columbia. 

Treiblevtux, p. v., Monroe county, Pemi.: 94 m. N. E. 
Ilarrisburg. 

TKEiruLEFjiviLLE, p. V., Lchlgh CO., P^nn. : 72 m. E. N. E. 
Harrisburg. 

Tremaisville, p. v., Lucas co., Ohio: 99 ra. N. by W. 
Columbus. 

TiiEMONT, p. v.. and cap. Tazewell co.. III. : 50 m. N. by E. 
SpringQeld. It is pleasantly situated on a beautiful elevated 
prairie, and is a place of considerable trade. It was laid 
out in lS3o. It contains the court-house and jaii, stores, etc. 

Teemont, t., p. v., and sta., Schuylkill co., Peiui.: 32 ra- 
N. E. Ilarrisbur;;. This t. and vicinity abound with coal. 
The Mine Hill R. R. extends to this place, 12 m. from 
Schuylkill Ilavt-n. The following statistics of dealers in 
coal at this place are for the year ending June 30, 1S50 : 

Coa, Operator,. C..U^ Mo^ An„^,^ ^.,„, 

Levi S. Spangler.. . $10,uuO $6()7 $21,000 $4-2.000 

Henry Eckel 17,000.... I,6l57 80,000 60.000 

TttEMONT, p. v. and ata., Clark co., Ohio: on Mad River 
end Lake Erie R. R.. 127 m. Trom Sandusky, 7 m. from 
Springfield, 46 m. W. Columbus. 

Tremont. t and p. o., Hancock county, 3f(\: 72 m. E. 
Augusta. It comprises the S. W. part of Mount Desert 
Island. Pop. 1.425. 

Trenton, p. v., Jackson ctf.. Ala. : on W. side of Point 
Eock r., a Iril)Utary of Tennessee r.,164 m. N. Motitgomcry. 

Trenton, p. v., and cap. Dade co., Ga.: on W. side of 
branch of Tt.nne.'isee r., 192 m. N. W. Millcdgeville, It 
conlaiiis a court-house, jail, etc., and several dwellings. 

Trenton, p. v., Henry county, /a. : 40 m. S. by W. 
Iowa City. 

Tmiston. p. 0., Wachita parish, La.: 150 ra. N. N. W. 
Baton Rbuge. 

Trenton, p. o., Randolph county, Ind. : 60 m. E. N. E. 
Indianapi'lis. 

Tkenton, p. v.. Todd county, iTy. ; 167 m. S, W. by "W. 
Frankfort 

Trenton, p. v., Wayne co., Midi.: on "W. channel of 



Detroit strait, 79 ra. S. E. by E. Lansing. Il has consider 
able lake trade. Exports in 1S43, $25,554; imports, do., 
$7,325. Total value of exports and imporlf^ in 1S4S, $32,S79. 

Tr.ENT0N. p. v., and cap. Gnmily co., Jf<i. .- on E. side of 
Crooked fork of Grand r., 131 m. N. W. by W. Jeffc-rson 
Cily. Il coTitaina the county buildings and sfrveral dwellings. 

Trenton, p. city, and cap. Mercer co., J*.' J^r., and cap. of 
the State of New Jersey : is situated on the E. side of Dela- 
ware r., at the mouth of Assunpink cr., opposite the lower 
falls, and at the head of steamboat ancl slnnp navigalion. 
Lat. 40° 14' N., long. 740 46' 30" W. from Greenwich, and 
20 15' E. from Washington. Its distance by the most direct 
railroad from Boston is 293 m., fnan Now Y"irk 55 m., from 
Philadelphia 29 m., from Baltimore 127 m., from Washing- 
ton 165 m. 

The city is pleasantly located on ground somewhat uit- 
even, and is laid out with general regularity. Many of the 
public buildings are handsome edifices. The State House, 
beautifully situated near the Delaware, commanding a.fine 
view of it and of the vicinity, is built of stone, 100 feel Ion" 
and 60 feet wide, and stuccoed to resemble granite, with a 
handsome portico of 6 columns, and beautiful dome. The pub- 
lio offices are flre-proof buildings. The Governor's House 
is a plain but commodious building. The Court-house is 
a hanilsome edifice of brick, stuccoed, in Grecian architec- 
ture, with a portico of lunic columns at each end, and sur- 
mounted with a bakony. The State LuTiatic Asylum is a 
very flue building, with ample grounds, etc. It was opened 
for patients May 15, 1S4S. In January 1, 1S51, il contained 
162 patients (36 males and 76 females). During 1^51 il re- 
ceived 102 and discharged 93 patients, leaving ou Januury 
1, 1S52, 171. The expenses of the asylum during Issi were 
$27,170, receipts $22,076. The State Prison, in South Tren- 
ton, is well situated in an area of 4 acres, inclosed by walls 
3 feet thick and 20 feet high. The number uf prisoners ou 
December 31, 1S50, was 210, on December 31, 1S51, 207. 
P^arnings of the prison in 1951, .$1S,69S, expenses uf do. 
$11,553, balance paid the State $6,S40. The city also con- 
tains a public library, established in 1750, a lyceum, and 10 
churches. Newspapers in 1S50 — "True American" (dem.), 
" Trentonian," and " New Jersey State Gazette," each pub- 
lished daily and weekly; also the "New Jersey Weekly 
Visitor." 

The railroad and steamboat connections of Trenton haVe 
made it a great thoroughfare and the centre of extensive 
trade. The New Jersey R. R. here connects with the iMuI- 
a-Ielphia and Trenton R. R., constituting the i)rineipal route 
between New York and Philadelphia. The Trenton Branch 
R. R. extends hence to Bordcntown, m., connecting with 
Camden and Amboy R. R. Tiie Belvidere Delaware 
R. R. extends hence to Belvidere, 63 ra. The Delaware 
and Raritan Canal affords sloop navigation fnjm Brunswick 
to this place. It is 42 ra. long, 75 feet wide, 7 feet deep, 
and was finishe<l in 1S34 at a cost of $2,000,500. It is hero 
entered hy a feeder taken from (he Delaware, 23 m. above 
the city, and crosses the Assunpink cr. in a fine t.tnne aque- 
duct. The Delaware r. is. navigable above the falls at 
Trenton, for large boats, as fur as Easton, which adds much 
to the commercial advantages of the city. 

Trenton possesses a fine site for manufacturing purposes, 
with abundance of permanent water-power, obtained from 
the f;dls on the Delaware, and greatly increased by artificial 
means ; also some water-power furnishe<l by Ajwimpink cp 
Among the principal manufactures are pajuT, leather, and 
lumber ; there arc also several flouring, gri.st. and saw mills, 
with various other establishments. The city contains Iwo 
hanks, with an aggregate capital of $310,000. Tlie Dela 
ware r. is here crossed by an excellent covered bridge^ 
l.mo feet long, resting on 5 arches supported by stone piers, 
which was built in 1S06 at a cost of $1S0,000. The adjoin- 
ing villages of Mill Hill, Bloomsbury, and Lamherlon are 
suburbs of the city. Trenton was'first settled about llie year 
172ft, and was incorporated as a cily in 1702. Il is mumor- 

S57 



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able for the " Battle of Trenton," on the night of December 
25t!i, 1776, when Gen. "Washington crossed the Delaware, 
and audiienly captured l,00i> Hessians of the British army, 
which signal event, in that gloomy period of the Revolu- 
tion, greatly encouraged the American forces. Pop. in 
1S40, 4,035 : ia 1850, 6,756. 

TuKNToM, p. v., and cap. Jones co., Ni Car. : on S. sido 
of Trent r., S2 m. S. E. Kaleigh. It contains a court-house, 
jail, stores^ etc. Pop. about 125. 

TuEXTON, p. V. and sla., Bullcr co., Ohio. : on W. side of 
Miami r., 82 m. "W. S. W. Columbus. The Cincinnati, 
Tlamilton, raid Dayton K. R. passes through, 33 m. from 
Cincinnati, 27 ni. from Dayton. 

Tkentos, t. and p. v., Oneida county, K Y. : 66 m. 
N. W by "W. Albany. Surface hilly ; soil clay loam, and 
fertile. Drained by Nine Mile and West Canada creeks. 
The town contains several villages, of which the principal 
aro Trenton and Trenton Falls— the former, near the centre 
of flie town, 13 m. N. from Utiea, was incorporated in 1S19, 
and contains about 450 iuhabitants, 2 churches, with taverns, 
stores, etc. Pop. of t. 3,540. 

Trknton, p. v., and cap. Gibson co., Tenn. : on S. branch 
of Forked Deer r., 120 m. "W. Nashville. It contains a 
court-house, jail, 2 churches, stores, etc., and a branch of 
Uie Bank of Tennessee, with a capital of 1204,208. The 
"Star Spangled Banner'' (whig) is published weekly. Pop. 
about 750. 

Trrnton, t and p. o., Dodge CO., Wise. : 45 m. N. E. by N. 
Madison. Pop. ^97. 

Treston Corkers, p. o., Dodge county, TTwc. ; 40 m. 
N. E. by N. Madison. 

Trenton Falls, p. v., Oneida county, IT', T. : at Trenton 
Falls, on West Canada cr., S4 m. N. W. by W. Albany. 
These falls are six in number and separate. All these are 
formed by solid reefs of rocks which cross the bed of the 
stream. The first, called the Dpper, decends 20 feet per- 
pendicular; the second, the Cascades, IS feet; the third, 
Uio ^TiIl Dam, 14 feet ; the fourth, the High Falls, which 
have three separate cascades of 4S,11, and 37 feet; the fifth, 
Sherman's, 35 feet; the sixth, Conrad's, 15 feet, terminates 
tlie ravine, where is a mill dam. Besides these falls there 
are several raceways, from 10 to 20 rods long, through 
which the water flows very rapidly. The entire descent of 
the stream, from the top of the LTpper Fall to the foot of 
Conrad's Fall, is 312 feet, and tlie distance is about 2 m. 
The ravine through which the creek passes is often 100 feet 
deep, with banks of stone almost perpendicular. The 
scenery thus presented is wild, picturesque, and beautiful, 
and when the water is high, is of much grandeur. The 
country adjoining is mostly covered with forest trees, thus 
retaining for the ravine its primeval appearance, which. In 
fact, constitutes the greatest charm of these falls. The 
number of visitors is very large. These are accommodated 
in first-class style by an excellent hotel. 

Trevilltan'8 Dki*6t. p. 0. and sta., Louisa co., Virg. : 
42 m. N. W. Richmond. The Virguiia Central R. K. passes 
tLrough it, 67 m. from Richmond. 

Trevorton, p. o., Northumberland co., Penn. : 33 m. 
N. by E. Harrisburg. 

Trexlertown, p. v., Lehigh CO., Peim. : 69 m. E. K. E. 
Harrisburg. 

Triauelphta, p. v., Montgomery co., 3fd. : on Patuxent r., 
3S ra. W. N. W. Annapolis. It contains a cotton factory, 
and is surrounded by a beautiful country. 

Tr.iADELpniA, p. v., Ohio county, Tirff,: 24S m. N. W. 
Richmond. Pop. 242. 

TniADELPUiA, p. v., Morgan co., Ohio: 66 m. W. S. W. 
Columbus. 

TniANA, p. v., Madison co., Ala. : on N. side of Tennessee 

r, at the mouth of Indian cr., 156 m. N. by W. Montgomery. 

Trianole, t. and p. v., Broome county, N. Y. : 116 ra. 

W. by S. Albany. Drained by Otaetic and Tioughnioga 

rivers, which hero unite. Surface hilly. It contains several 



mills, stores, etc. The v. is located on a branch of tho 
Tioughnioga r. Pop. of L 1, 72S. 

Tribe's Hill, p. v., Montgomery co., IT. Y.: o\i ^. bank 
of the Mohawk r., 34 m. N. W. by W. Albany. The Utica 
and Schenectady R. R. passes through the v., 56 m. E. Utica. 

Trice'9 Stork, p.o., Orange co., N. Car.: 30 m. N. W. 
Raleigh. 

Trier, p. o., Bexar co., Tex. : 134 m. 8. W. Austin City. 

Trigg county, Kt/. Situated S. toward the W., and con- 
tains 356 sq. m. Drained by Little r. and its branches, 
which enter the Cumberland r. Surface undul.iting; soil 
fertile. Chief productions, tobacco, ■ cotton, wheat, and In- 
dian com. It is bounded on the W. by Tennessee r. Farms 
S43 ; manuf. 37 ; dwell. 1,2S1, and pop.— wh. 7,252, fr. col. SO, 
si, 2,797— total 10,129. Capital : Cadiz. 

Trimble county, Ki/. Situate N., and contains 127 sq. m. 
Drained by Little Kentucky and small n'ibut;irie8 of the 
Ohio. Surface undulating, and presenting high bluffs on 
the shore of the Ohio ; soil generally fertile Chief produc- 
tions, tobacco and Indian corn. Farms 46d; manuf. 19; 
dwell. 865, and pop.— wh. 4,997, fr. col. 25, si. 941— total 
5,963. Capital: Bedford. 

Trlmble, t. and p. o., Athens co., Ohio: 55 m. S. E. Co- 
lumbus. Drained by Sunday cr., branch of Hockhocking r. 
Pop. 924. 

Teinitt county, Ca2i/. Situate between the Cascade 
Range and the Pacific, and between 40*^ and 41° N- hU. 
Drained by Trinity r, a branch of Klamath r. and Eel r., 
which empties into the ocean. Ilumboldt bay is in the 
N. W. corner of the co. Surface considerably broken— in 
the E. hilly, and many of the summits of the range are very 
lofty. Mt Linn is the highest peak. Pop. in 1S52, 1,764: 
whites 1,764 — males 1,741, and females 23 ; negroes 6 ; mu- 
latlocsS; Indians (domesticated) 4; foreign residents 155, 
of which only 5" were females. Over 21 years of age : 1,491 
citizens, 5 negroes, 6 mulattoes, S Indians, and 13S foreign 
residents. Land under cultivation, 275 acres. Capital em- 
ployed : in placer mining, $34,440 ; in other mining, $23,820 ; 
and for other purposes, $201,117. Capital ; Humboldt City. 

Trinity county, Texi. Situate toward the E., and con- 
tains 9S3 sq. m. Drained by Big Pine cr. and affluents of 
Trinity r., which forms its S. W. boundary. Surface uudu- 
lating. and presents a surface of gently-swelling lands, 
thickly covered with pine forest. Soil fertile, and adapted 
to cotton, corn, and potatoes. As yet, the land has been 
but little cultivated, and but few of it3 agricultural resources 
developed. Capital: Trinity C. H. 

Teinity, p. c, Chatahoula par.. La. : on W. side of 
Wachita r., SS m. N. N. W. Baton Rouge. 

Trinity, p. o., Morgan county, Ala. : 144 m. N. by W, 
Montgomery. 

Trinity river, Tfeji. .■ is formed by a number of streams 
uniting in Dallas county, in a forest called the Cross Tim- 
bers; flowsS. E., and empties into Galvest«m Iiay. It has 
numerous branches, and in its course aflords excellent 
water-power. 

Trinity river, Klamath co., Calif. : risea in the Coast 
Range Mountains, in E, part of the co,, flows S. W. into 
Trinity, where il receives Panther creek, when it takes a 
N. W. course and empties in the Klamath river. Gold is 
found in all parts of its valley. 

Trinity Springs, p. o., Martin co., Ind. : on E. sido of 
White r., 78 m. S. S. W. Indianapolis. 

Trinity valley, Klamath co., Calif.: 195 m. N. by W. 
Yallejo. A portion of this valley is set apart as an Indian 
reservation. 

Teion, p. o., Jefferson co., Tonn. : ISS m. E. Nashville. 

Teion, p. 0., Tuscaloosa co., Ala. : on a small branch of 
Black Warrior r., 79 m. N. W. Montgomery. 

Trion Factory, p. o., Chatooga co., Ga. : 163 m. N. W. 
MUIedgeville. 

Triplett, p. o., Fleming co., Ky.^- on cr. of same name 
7S m. E. by N. FrankiorU 



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Tripoli, p. r., Tiahemingo co., Miss. : 200 m. N. E. by N. 
Jackson. 

Triune, p. t., WUIiamaon county, Teim. : IS m. S. by W. 
IfTashville. 

Tp.ivuli, p. v., Peoria county, fiL : 62 m. N. by W, 
Springflt-UI. 

Troublesome, p. o.,'EocIvingham county, N. Car.: on 
Troublesome cr., S7 m. N. W. Italeigb. It contains iron 
TCork3. 

Trodt county. Get. : situate W., and contains 417 sq. m. 
Drained by Chattahoochee r. and branches, of which Yel- 
low Jacket cr. is the principal. Surface undulating; soil 
fertile, and in general very productive. It is well adapted 
to cotton, of which a large quantity is annually produced, 
and is Uie staple. "Wheat and Indian corn are also raised. 
There is some good pine and ftther limber on the land. 
Farms 7S9; manuf. S; dwell. 1,2115, and pop. — wh. 7,"SD, 
fr. col. 43, si. 9,04S— total 16.879. Cajntul: La Grange. 
PuUic Wor/cs: La Grange K. K. 

Troup Faotoky, p. o., Troup county, '{?«..• 106 m. W. 
Ifilleilgeville. 

Troupsduro, t. and p. v., Steuben co., 2^. T. : 199 m. 
S. W. by S. Albany. Drained by Cowenesque cr. Surface 
undulating. It has good water-power, and some mill sites. 
The V. is on Cowenesque cr. Pop. of t. 1,754. 

Tkouptille, p. v., and cap. Li>wn*les co., O'a. : on E. side 
of Withlaconchee r., 17S m. 3. MilledgeviUe. It contains 
the cnuniy buildings, etc. 

Trousdale, p. o., Warren co., Teim.: 56 ra. E. 9. E. 
Nashville. 

Trout island, 3fich. : in the !N". part of Lake Jklichigau, 
N". from Little Beaver Island. 

Trout Gbeek, p. o., Delaware co., N". Y. : 73 m. W. S. W. 
Albany. 

Trout Creek, p. c, Saint Clair CO., Ala.: 9S m. N. 
Montgomery. 

Trout river. Verm.: rises by the junction of several 
branches in Montgomery, flows in a N. W. direction, and 
tmptivs into the Missisqui, on the border of Enosburg aud 
Berkshire. It is a good mill stream. 

Teout Rux, p. o, and sta., Lycoming co., Penn. : on the 
"Williamsport and ElmiraK. R., 10 m. N. from "Williams- 
pnrt, and 82 m. N. Harrisburg. In the vicinity is a forge 
aiul a rolling mill, the former producing annually 140 toua 
bar iron, and the latter 300 Ions bars aud nails, both operated 
by water-power. 

Troy, p. v., and cap. Pike co., Ala. : on small branch of 
Conecuh r., 46 ra. S. S. E. Montgomery. It contains the 
county buildings, etc. 

Troy, p. o., Cherokee CO., Ga. : oa S. side of Etowah r., 
104 m. N. W. Milledgeville. 

Trov, p. o., Madison co., Jll. : 75 m. S. by W. Springfield. 
TiioY, p. v.. Perry co., Ind.: on the Ohio r., 6 m. below 
Cannelton, 103 m. S. S. W. Indianapolis. 

Troy, t. and p. v., "Waldo co., 3Ie. : 36 ra. N. E. Ansusta. 
Draini-ul by branches of Sebasticook r. Surface undidatiiig, 
end well supplied with timber. It is a good farming t.. aud 
produces an abundance of wheat, and there are some light 
manufaclurea. The v. is located centrally. Pop. of 1. 1.4'54. 
Troy, t. and p. o., Oakland co., Minh. : 72 m. E. by S. 
Lansing. Drained by head branches of Red r., a tributary 
of Clinton r. It contains some manufactures. 

Troy, p. o.. Yatlabusha co., MU'^. ; 2 m. N. of Yallabusha 
river, 106 m. N. by E. Jackson. 

Troy, p. v., Lincoln co., Mo. : oh Cuivre r., 71 ra. E. "S. E. 
Jefferson City. It contains the county buiMiugs. etc. 

Teoy, t. and p. v., Cheshire co., N. Tlamp. : 44 m. S. W. 
Concord. Drained by affluents of Ashuelot r. It has some 
manufactures, but it is rhieflyan agricultural tow)i. The v. 
is on the Cheshire R. R., 10 m. S. E. Keene. Pop. oft. 759. 
Troy, p. city, and cap. Rensselaer co., N'.Y. : on E. side 
of Hudson r., 6 m. N. by E. Albany. Lat. 42^ 44' N. ; long 
78^ 40' "W. It is built chiefly upon an alluvial flat, extend- 



ing along the r. for about 3 m., and 1 J m. broad, and partly 
upon the hills In the E. part of Ihe city limits. It is very 
regularly laid out, with streets crossing at right angles, 
which are generally 60 feet wide, ornamented with fine 
shade trees, well paved, with good side walks, and kept 
remarkably clean. The main business street; called liiver 
Street, conforming to the Hudson river, is, however, some- 
what curved. The city plat is somewhat eU-vated above (he 
river. affor-Iing good drainage. The high hills (of which 
the principa^ summits are called Mount Ida and Mnunl 
Olympus) afford most extensive and delightful prospects, 
embracing the city of Albany, the villages of West Tno'i 
Lansingburg, "U'alerford, and Cohoes, the Cohois Falls, the 
Hudson r. and its beautiful valley for miles, a long extent 
of the Erie Catial, with the various railroads here center- 
ing, combining *a variety of the mosf interesting scenery, 
rarely presented in the vicinity of any large city. From 
these hills descend two considerable streams, Poestenkill 
and Wynantskill, which have picturesque cataracts and cas- 
cades, and afford very great water-power to numerous niill^, 
factories, etc. The blocks of stores and houses are generally 
built of brick, with considerable regularity and nmeh taste. 
The more retired sireets contain many elegant dwellings, 
surrounded by flower gardens, etc. The city is lighted with 
gas, and supplied with water from Piscawin creek, of which 
the reservoir, situated in the N. part, and about \ m. E. of 
the Hudson, is 90 feet above tide water, and llnis naturally 
forcing the water above the highest houses, renders it most 
serviceable for every purpose. Of the public buildings the 
court-house is the most splendid; it is builf uf Sing Sing 
marble, in Grecian architecture, with flne front of the Doric 
order. Several of the church edifices are &>slly Htruclures, 
The principal market buildings are well-built aud very 
commodious. Hotels of large size are numerous, and sev- 
eral of those of the first class are noted for excellent aceom- 
modations. The Troy City Hospital, under the dlrectiou 
often Sisters of Charity, has four attending pbysiciai^, aud 
received during the year 1S51-52, 6S9 patients. 

Mueh atlention is given to general education in the public 
schools and other academies. The Troy Female Semmary 
is one of the most popular institutions of the kind in Iho 
Union. It was established in 1821 (having been com- 
menced in Middlebury, Vermont, in 1S14, and removed to 
Waterford in 1S21), at which lime it received from the city 
corporation $4,000 for the erection of suitable buildings. It 
is beautifully situated in the central part of the city, wiih 
finely ornamented grounds, commodious buildings, etc. 
The Eenssalaer Institute is a polytechnic school of high 
repute. The Young Men's Association has a large library 
and reading room, with cabinet of curiosities, etc., and 
annual courses of lectures. The Lyceum of Natural History 
have valuable cabinets, a gO'jd library, etc. Newspapers iu 
1S50, "Northern Budget" (dem.) daily, aud 4 weeklies, 
" Troy Whig,*' " Troy Post," '* Family Journal" (temp.), uud 
"New York Stale Republican" (whig). 

Troy is pre-eminently distinguished for the business en- 
terprise of its capitalists and citia-ns generally. Its situfdion 
for trade and comraLTce has some natural advantages, but 
these have been wonderfully improved and in'crejised hy 
the various important railroads and canals which, centering 
here, have made this a great thoroughfare of travel and 
trade, and developed the manufacturing interests of the 
city. It directly connects by the Hudson with the Erie Ca- 
nal at West Troy directly opposite, and with the Champlain 
Canal at Waterford, 4 m. above. The hnes of railroad en- 
tering the city arc — Hudson River R. R. from New York, 
150 m. ; from Worcester, 156 m. ; IVom Boston, 200 m. ; Troy 
and Boston R. R-, which is completed lo North Hoosiek, 
27 m., and connects at Eagle Bridge with Rutland and Wash- 
ington R. R., and at North HiKisick with Troy and Benning- 
ton R. R., and is in construction to Gree'nfleld, Mas.s. ; lit-ns- 
selaer and Saratoga R. R., 82 m. ; and Schenectady and 
Troy R. R., 20 m. ; all of 'which diro.tly connect with othei 



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extendeil and important railroads. The railroad bridge 
across the Hudson is a fcie structure, 1,650 feet long. Troy 
is at the head of tide-water on the Hudson, and of its natu- 
ral navigation. Steamboats, sloops, etc., come to its wharves. 
The trade of the city with New York is very great, employ- 
ing an aggregate of several hundred vessels, and daily 
steamboats of the first class ply between the two cities. Be- 
sides the immense amounts of merchandise received from 
the railroads and canals, it also receives from the very fer- 
tile rural districts surrouuding (with which It is well con- 
nected by good plank and macadamized roads'), very large 
amounts of agricultural and dairy produce, etc., for sliipment 
to New York aijd other markets. By means of the State 
dam sloop navigation is secured to Lansingburg, etc. 

The manufactures of the city comprise nearly all the lead- 
ing branches of such industry, but the largest interests are 
those connected with iron, machinery, hardware, and cut- 
lery, etc. Cotton factories, tanneries, and flouring mills are 
numerous, l^heva are also several breweries and paper fac- 
tories; and a large amount of capital is invested in numer- 
ous lumber-yards. The railroad-car manufactory of Eaton, 
Gilbert, & Co. employs a very large number of operatives, 
and is of wide celebrity for the number and superior excel- 
lence of the cars made. The iron rolling mills and nail fac- 
tories in the city and suburbs are extensive establishments, 
as also those furnaces engaged in making stoves, castings 
fur agricultural implements, etc. Immense water-power is 
here easily obtained from the two large slrcame from the 
hills on the E., and from a dam near the N. boundary of the 
city, built by the Slate across the Hudson, which makes a 
fall of Hi feet, affording unlimited hydraulic power, besides 
securing navigation to the river above. There are G banks in 
the city, with an aggregate capital of $1,7GS,000 ; also several 
insurance companies and institutions for savings. 

The first settlement of Troy was commenced about 1720, 
in which year Derick Yanderheyden leased 49(J acres of the 
prnnrietor of Rensselaerwyck. This grant now constitulea 
the most densely populated portion of the city. This settle- 
ment bore the name of Yanderheyden 's Ferry until 17S9, 
when it received its present name, and was tlien laid out. 
It was made the county seat in 1791, incorporated as a village 
in 1796, and as a city in 1S16. In June, 1S20, a great con- 
flagration consumed the wealthiest and most important pllrt 
of the city. It recovered from this severe calamity in a few 
years, has since rapidly advanced in general. prosperity, and 
now promises to long retain its present distinction as one 
of the most enterprising cities in the Union. Pop. in ISIO, 
3,895; in 1^20, 5,'itJ4; in 1S30, 11,405; in 1&40, 19,334; in 
1S50, 2vS7S5. The large and thriving village of West Troy, 
' pop. 7,514, on the opposite side of Ihe Hudson, though in 
Albany co., is in all business interests a part of Troy. 

Troy, p. o., Montgomery co., ^. Car.: 75 m. ^V. S. W. 
Ealeigh. 

Troy, p. v., and cap. Miami co., OMo: on the "W. bank 
of the Great Miami r., 63 ra. W. Columbus. It contains a 
court-house of brick, jail, and other county buildings, and 
publislies 2 weeklies, the "Troy Times" (whig), and "The 
Touchstone" (F. S. D.) The Dayton and Michigan It. E., 
the Columbus, Pe^ua, and Indiana E. E., and the Miami 
Canal pass through this place. Pop. 1,956. 

Trov, t. and p. o.. Bradford county, Penn. : 102 m. N. 
Harrishurg. Drained by Sugar cr. Surface hilly. It con- 
tains several manufactories, etc. 

Teoy, p. v., and cap. Obion co., Temi. : on a branch, of 
Obion r., 135 m. W. by N. Nashville. It contains the co. 
buildings, etc. 

TnoT, p.'o., Davis co., la. : 68 m. S.W. by S. Iowa City. 

Trov, t. and p. o., Walworth co,, Wise. : 50 m. E. S. E. 
Madison. Drained by Honey cr. It is an excellent fann- 
ing town. Pop. 1.U72. 

TuoY, p. v., Freestone county, Tese. : 119 m. N. E. 
Austin Oily. 

Teot, t and p. v., Orleans co., Verm. : 46 m. N. by E. 
860 



Montpelier. Drained by Missisqui r. Surface level. Water- 
power is derived from the falls on Ihe Missisqui river, which 
pass down a ledge of rocks some 70 feet Iron ore is found 
in the vicinity. It contains furnaces, forges, tanneries, 
mills, etc. The v. is on the W. aide of Missisqui r. Pop. 
oft. 1,008. 

TnoY CBXTEE,p.o., Walworth oo., Wise : 52 m. E. S. E, 
Madison. 

Trot Gkove, p. o.. La Salle county, III. : on W. bank of 
Little Yermillion r., 116 m. N. by E. Springfield. 

Troy Lake, p. o., Walworth co., Wise: 55 m. E. 8. E. 
Madison. 

Troy Mills, p. o,, Fulton co., lU. : on S. side of W. fork 
of Spoon r., a tributary of Illinois r., "0 m. N. W. by N. 
Springfield. 

Teov's Stork, p. o., Eandolph co., N. Cur. : 62 m. W. 
Ealeigh. 

Tbucksvillk, p. 0., Luzerne co., Penn. : 84 m. N. E. by N. 
Harris burg. 

TRUiTTSviLLa, p. 0., Grccnup co., K^. : 115 m. E. by N. 
Frankfort. 

Teumansburg, p, v., Tompkins co., J^. T. : 162 m. W. 
Albany. It contains several manufactories, consisting of 
carriages, lumber, iron, etc. 

Trfmbaursville, p. v., Bucks Co., Penn. : 89 m. E. 
Harrisburg. 

Trumbull county, O?iio. Situate N. E.,and contains 392 
sq. m. Drained by Mahoning r., and Slienango, Mill, and 
Musquito creeks, and head branches of Grand river. Sur- 
face undulating, and pleasantly diversified. Soil fertile, 
consisting of a deep mold, intermixed with sand and clay, 
and adajjted to grain, which with wheat, oats, and potatoes 
form the staples. It exports beef, pork, butter, and cheese, 
access being had to the Eastern markets by means of the 
Mahoning Canal, a branch of the Pennsylvania and Ohio 
Canal, which passes tlirough the county. Agriculture is the 
leading pursuit. Farms 2,753; manuf 133; dwell. 5,459, 
and pop.— wh. 30,455, fr. col. 35— total 811.490. CapiUil: 
Warren. Public Woi'k-s : Cleveland and Mahoning E. E. ; 
Pennsylvania and Ohio Canal. 

Trumbull, t. and p. v., Fairfield county, Conn.: 46 m, 
S. W. by S. Hartford. Drained by Pequannock r. Surface 
varied by hills and valleys. Grain and hay is raised. Its 
manufactures consist of wo61en goods, Unnber, etc. The v. 
is on the E. side of Pequannoek river, near the Housatonic 
E. il., which passes throngh the town. Pop. of 1. 1,313.* 

TuuMDVLL, t. and p. o., Ashtabula co , Ohio : 153 m. N. E. 
Columbus. Drained by a branch of Grand r. Organized 
in 1825. Pop. 805. 

Trumoum. Corners, p. o., Tompkins co., K. Y. : 144 hl 
W. by S. Albany. 

Trumbull Long Hill. p. v., Fairfield co., Cotin. : 49 ra. 
S. W. by S. Hartford. It is the first laud seen from the 
ocean in this direction. 

TRUiNDLF.'s Cross Eoads, p. o., Sevier co., Tenn. : 168 m. 
E. by S. Nashville. 

Truko, t. and p. v., Barnstable co., Mass. : 56 m. E. S. E. 
Boston. It occupies the N. part of Cape Cod, having the 
Atlantic Ocean on the E. and Cape Cod bay. on tlie W. 
Pamet r. sets in from the bay 3 m. long and about J of a m. 
wide. The soil is light and sandy, with a very scanty 
growth of vegetation. The cod and mackerel fisheries are 
extensively carried on, fVom which the inhabitants derive 
their chief subsistence. Salt is extensively manufactured. 
There is a lighthouse on the Highlands, on the N. E. coast, 
near Nt>rth Truru village, lat. 42^ 02* 2S" N., and long. 
70^ 0-3' 55" W. ; height of lantern from the aea, ISO leeL 
The village is on the N. side of Pamet r. Pop. of t. 2,051. 

Truro, p. o., Knox county, III. : 76 m. N. N. W. 
Springfield. 

Triss, p. 0., Jefferson co., Ala. : on S. side of head branch 
of Cahawba r., 83 m. N. by W. Montgomerj*. 

Tkuxton, t. and p. v., Cortlandt co., A' Y.: 118 m. "W. 



TRU 



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Albany. Drained by the Tioughnioga r. Surface undu- 
lating. The manufactures consist of woolens, leather, iron, 
lumber, etc. The v. is on the Tioughnioga r., nnd contains 
sevural mills, sash factories, a furnace, tannery, etc. Pop. 
of t. 3,623. • 

Tbcxton, p. 0.. Bureau co., ///. ; 113 m. N. Springfield. 

Tkvon, p. o., Paitherford co., N. Car,: on S. side of N. 
Pacolct r., 19S m. W. S. W. Raleigh. ' 

Tuckauoe, p. v., Cape May county, y. Jer. : 60 m. S. 
Trenton. 

TucKAHOE, p. o., Jefferson county, Tenn, : 193 m, E. 
Nashville. 

Tuckahoe, p. V. and sta., Westchester county, 2^. V.: on 
the Ilarlcm K. R., 20 m. from the City HaU, New York city, 
and 153 m. S. Albany. 

TucKALRECHEE CoTE, p. 0., Blouut CO., T&iin. .* on S. 
Bide of Littler., li'2 m. E. by S. Nashville. 

TucKASAGA, p. o., Meckleuburg co., A''. Car. : 120 m. 
"W. S. "W. Raleigh. 

Tucker's Cabin, p. o., Henry co., 6a, : 66 m. W. N*. W. 
Milledgeville. 

TrcKERTON, p. v., and portof entry for Little Egg Harbor 
district, Burlington co., J}^. Jer. : on the Atlantic Ocean, at 
the head of Tuckerton Mill cr., which empties into the bay 
of Little Egg Harbor, 45 ra. S. E. by S. Trenton. It is well 
laid out, the streets crossing at right angles, and lined with 
shade trees. Salt is manufactured, and wood and lumber 
are exported. Flat boats ascend the river from Little Egg 
Harbor, 6 m. The enrolled and licensed tonnage for the 
year ending June 3D, 1S50, was 6,1S3 tons, all of which were 
engaged in the coasting trade. It is a place of summer 
resort for sea bathing. 

TiTTONBOEo', t. and p. v., Carroll co., ^. Hamp.: S4 m. 
N. N. E. Concord. Winnipiseogee lake bounds it on the 
6. W., and presents a dehghtful prospect It has several 
ponds. The inhabitants are generally engaged in farming, 
etc. First settled in'lTSO; incorporated in 1795. Pop. of 
1. 1,305. 

Tug RI^•ER, p. o., Tazewell county, Yirg.: 245 m. W. 
Richmond. 

Tulare county. CaJff. Taken from the S. part of Mari- 
jiosa county, and contains Tulare lake and all its tributaries. 
In 1S53 it had S,575 inhabitants, viz., wh. 174 — males 142. 
and females 32 ; negro 1 ; Indians S,40S — males 5,S00, and 
females 2,607. The Indians are contained in fourteen 
tribes. 

TuLAKE lake, Tulare co., Calif. : is 52 m. long, and from 
6 to 10 m. wide. 

Tulip, p. o., DaUas co., Arb,: 49 m. S. S. "W. Little 
Rock. 

TiTLLAHOMA, p. V. and sta., Franklin co., Teyin. : 70 m. 
8. E. by S. Nashville. The Nashville and Chattanooga 
E. R. passes through, and here connects with the Mackmin- 
ville and Manchester R. R. (in construction). 

TuLLY, p. v., Lewis co., J/o. .■ ou E. side of Mississippi r., 
112 m. N. by E. Jefferson City. 

TuLLT, p. o., Van Wert co., Ohio : 112 m. N. W. Columbus. 

TuLLT, t, and p. v., Onondaga co., JV. Y, : 123 m. W. by 
N.Albany. Surface generally level; soil clay loam. Drained 
by Onondaga cr., and Tioughnioga r. The v. contains 1 
chiu-ch, a few stores, and about 300 inhabitants. The Syra- 
cuse and Bingbampton R. R. passes through this t. Pop. 
of 1. 1,559. 

TuLLTTOWN, p. v., Bucks couuty, Penn.: 94 m. E. 
Harrisburg. 

TuLLY Valley, p. o., Onondaga co., K T.: 127 m. 
W. by N. Albany. 

Tullyville, p. o,, Monroe co., Ark. : on E. side of Big 
cr., VI m. E. Little Rock. 

Tulpehocoan, t. and p. o., Berks co., Penn. : 42 m. E. by N. 
Harrisburg. Surface diversified ; soil very fertile. Drained 
by tributaries of Tulpehocken cr. The Union Canal passes 
along its S. border. It contains tanneries, distilleric?, and 



saw mills, with some other manufacturing establishments. 
Pop. about l.SOO. 

Tumble, sta., Hunterdon co., iv; Jer.: on Belvidere Del- 
aware R. R., Si m. from Milford, 25^ m. from Trenton. 

Tumbling Shoals, p. o., Laurens dist.. 8. Car.: on W. 
side of branch of Saluda river, 74 miles N. W. by W. 
Puileigb. 

Tumlinsonvtlle, p. 0., Scott CO., Ark. : on W. bank of 
King's or., 104 m. W. by N. Little Rock. 

TrNURiDGE. t. and p. v., Orange county, T^rm. .- 23 ra. 
S. by E. Montpeiier. Drained by the first branch of White 
r. Surface varied, in parts elevated. It is principally a 
farming town, a considerable quantity of the products of 
which are sent to market. The v. on the tirhl branch of 
White r. contains several churches, mills, aiiii irip-hamnu-r 
works. There is a sulphur spring of some nute in the W. 
part of the town. Pop. of 1 1,TS6. 

Tunica county, MifiS. Situate N. W., and contains 574 
sq. ni. Drained by brancbesofColdwater river, which flows 
through its N. E. portion, and by numerous streams entering 
the Mississippi river. Surface pleasantly diversified with 
lakes ; the land hilly t()ward the W., and terminating in high 
bluffs on the Mississippi river, which bounds iV on the W. 
Chief productions Indian corn and pntatues. Tlie soil ta 
best adapted to grazing. Farms 41 ; uiaiiuf. ; dwell. 73, 
and pop.— wh. 396, fr. col. 1, si. 91T— total 1,314. Capital: 
Austin. 

Tlinioa, p. 0., West Feliciana par.. La. : 42 m. N.W. by N. 
Baton Kouge. 

TuNKnANNOCE,t.andp. v., and cap. Wyoming co.,i'.?n7i.; 
on N. E. bank of Susquehanna r., 99 m. N. N. E. Harris- 
burg. Drained by Tutikbannock and Meshoppen creeks. 
Surface uneven, and well wooded. Tunkhannock Mountain 
crosses it diagonally, and near the S. boundary has an ele- 
vation of 640 feet. The t. furnishes a large amount of 
lumber, and contains several manufactories. The v. is at 
the mouth of Tunkhannock cr., on the North Branch Di- 
vision of the Pennsylvania Canal, and on the LackaiiAnna 
and Western R. H., 2T ni. S. W. Great Bend. It contains 
the county buildings, etc., and 561 inhabitants. Pop. of L 
about 2,400. 

TiTNNEL, p. o. and sta., Indiana co., Penn. : on the line of 
the Alleghany Portage R. E., 16S m.W.-N. W. Harrisburg. 

Tunnel, sta., Tork co., Pmn.: on the Baltunore and 
Susquehanna R. E.. 32 m. S. by E. ITnrrisburg. 

Tunnel, p. o., Franklin county, Tiuu.: 71 m. S. S. E. 
Nashville. 

Tunnel, p. o., Augusta county, Virg. : 100 m. W. N. W. 
Richmond. 

Tunnel Hill, p. v. and sta., Murray co., Ga. : on the 
Western and Atlantic R. R., lOS m. N. W. from Atlanta, and 
165 m. N. W. MilledgeviDe. 

TtTNNELL'6 Stobe, p. o., Sussex CO., Del. : 43 m. S, Dover. 

Tcnungwant. sta., Cattaraugus co., K. Y.: on the New 
Tork and Erie E. R., 53 m. S. E. Dunkirk, 416 m. N. W. 
New York city. 

■ Tuolumne county, a/Z{;: Situate generally between the 
Stanislaus and Merced rivers, and extending from the Coast 
Range to the Sierra Nevada. The San Joaquin flows through 
its W. portion. This is a fine agricultural as well as mining 
cnunty. In IS.'-S, it had 17,657 inhabitants, viz., wh. 16,925— 
males 15,967, and females 953; negroes, 100 ; mulalloes, 42 ; 
domesticated Indians. 590; foreign residents, 3,668. Over 
21 years of age — citizens of the United Slates, 6,904; ne- 
groes, C>5: mulaltoes. 40; and foreign residents, 8,600. 
Land in cultivation, 1,870 acres. Capital— in quartz mining, 
149.901); in placer mining, $76,085; and in other mining, 
$1,900. Totjd capital employed, $I,2S3,SS5. Capital. 
Sonora. 

Tuolumne Cnr, v., Tuolumne co., Calif. : laid out at tha 
head of navigation on the N. side of Tuolunmc r., 30 m 
above its junction with the San .Joaquin, and 78 m. S. R 
from Vallejo. It has quite a number of inhfJbiianfs, and its 

861 



TUO 



TUT 



proximity to the mines will render it importaot aa a pleasant 
winter residence for miners. 

Tuolumne river, Tuolumne co., Calif, : rises by two 
branches In the Sierra Nevada Mountains, flows westwardly, 
and empties into the San Joaquin, about 30 m. above San 
Joaquin City, 

Tltpei:'s Platn8, p. c, Meigs co., Ohio: 74 m. S. E. 
Columbus. \ 

TuRBOTviLLE, p. Oi, Northumberland co., Penn. : 55 m. 
N. Ilarrisburg. 

Turin, t. and p. v., Lewis co., K T.: 112 m. N. W. 
Albany. Black r. bounds it on the E., and its branches 
drain the t Surface rolling. The v. is on a branch of 
Black r., and contains several stores, and some manu- 
factures. The manufactures of the t. consist of leather, 
flour, lumbL^r, and oil. Pop. of t. 1,826. 

TunuET. p. o., Monmouth co., iV. Jer. : 1 m. N. Manasquln 
r., 21 m. E. Trenton. 

Turkey river, la. .* in N. E. part of the State, flows S. E., 
and emptit'S into the Mississippi, at Millville, in Clayton co. 

Turkey Cove, p. o., M'Dowell co., K Car. : 1S7 m. W. 
Ealeigh. 

TrRKET CpvE, p. 0., Lee co., Jlrg.: 804 m. W. by S. 
Eichraond. 

Turkey Creek, p. o., Buncombe co., 2^. Car. : 303 m. 
W. Pvaleigh. 

Turkey Creek, p. o., Hunt county, 7^. .- 219 m. N. E. 
Austin City. 

Turkey Creek, p. o., Benton co.. Mo. : 67 m. S.W. by TT. 
Jefferson City. 

Turkey Foot, t. and p. v., Somerset co., Pervn. : 125 m. 
"W. by S. Harrisburg. Drained by Castleman's r. and Lau- 
reMlill cr. Surface hilly. Laurel Hill Mountain is on the 
W. and Negm Mountain on the E. boundary. 

Turkey Foot, p. o., Scott county, Xjj. : IS m. E. by N". 
Frankfort. 

Turkey Grote, p. o., Bane co., Wise. 

TuBEKEY Town, p. v., Cherokee co., Ala. : On the Ala- 
bama and Tennessee R. R.. 123 m. N. by E. Montgomery-. 

TuRMAN's Creek, p. v., Sullivan co., Ind. : on E. side of 
creek of same name, SO m. S. "W. by W. Indianapolis. 

TuRMAN's Ferry, p. o., Lawrence co., Xy, : on W. bank 
of Big Sandy r., 131 m. E. Frankfort. 

Turnback, p. o., Dade co., J/o. .■ on E. side of branch 
of Sac r., 124 ra. S. W. Jefferson City. 

Turnbull, p. v., Monroe co., Ala. : on S. side of branch 
of Flat cr., 69 m. 3. W. Montgomery. 

TuBKEK, t. and p. o., Oxford co., Me. : on the W. side of 
Androscoggin r., 25 m. "W. S. W, Augusta. Drained by 
branch of Androscoggin r. Surface pleasantly diversified ; 
soil fertile. Incorporated in 1786. It contains several lum- 
ber yards, grist and saw mills, tanneries, ete. There are a 
number of thriving villages in the town. Pop. of t 2,537. 

Turner Creek, p. o.. Potter co., Penn. : 110 m. N. "W. 
by N. Harrisburg. 

Turners, p. v., and sta., Orange co., N'. K : on the New 
York and Erie E. R., 47 m. N. W. New York city. 

Ti'rner's Store, p. o., Caroline county, Vii'g. ; 33 m. N. 
Richmond. 

Turnerstille, p. v., Eobertson county, Term. : 81 m. 
N.W. by N. Nashville. 

TuRNERsviLLE. sta., Mobile co., Ala.: on the Mobile and 
Ohio R. E.,5 m. N. Mobile and 157 m. S. "SV. Montgomerj'. 

Turns, p. o., Monroe county, Penn.: 95 m. N. E. by E. 
Harrisburg. 

Turtle Creek, p. v., Alleghany co., Penn. : 150 m. "W. 
Harrisburg. 

Turtle Town, p. o., Cherokee county, N. Car. : 295 m. 
W. by S. Raleigh. 

Ttetleville, p. o., Union co., Penn.: 40 m. N. N. W. 
Harrisburg. 

TuHCAiioMA, p. 0., TaUahatchee co.. Miss. : on the S, side 
of Yallabuslia r., 110 m. N. Jackson. 



Tuscaloosa county, Ala. Situate N. W. cenb-ally. and 
contains l,5u7 sq. m. Black Warrior r. flows through it from 
N. E. to S. W., by which and its affluents and by Sipsey r., 
a tributary of Tombigbee r., it is drained. Surface undu- 
lating; 9»»il consists of a rich mold, and is very fertile— it is 
well adapted to cotton, which is the staple production of 
the county. Farms 1,115; manuf. 32; dwell. 1.914. and 
pop.— wh. 10,553, fr. cOl. 26, si. 7,477— total 18,056. Capital : 
Tuscaloosa. 

Tuscaloosa, p. city, and cap. Tuscaloosa co., Ala.: on 
S. E. bank of Black Warrior r., 94 m. N. W. by W. Mont- 
gomery. Lat 320 12' N.. lung. 87° 42' W. It is situated oq 
an elevated plain at the lower falls, and head of steamboat 
navigation on the river, and is regularly laid out with broad 
streets crossing each other at riglit angles. This city wag 
until 1847 the capital of the State. It contains the for- 
mer State-house, a court-house, jail, a- Masonic hall, an 
aca<Iemy, lyceum for boya, seminary for young ladies, the 
Alabama Institute, 5 churches, stores, etc. The University 
of Alabama, here located, has 5 buildings, with sever^ 
houses for professors. Which present a flne appearance. 
Tliia institution was founded in 1831, in 1850 if had 9 in 
structors, 197 alumni, and 91 students, with 7,123 volumes 
in its libraries. In 1S50, 3 weekly newspapers were here 
published, '* Independent Monitor" (whig), " Tuscaloosa Ob- 
server" (dem.), and "■ Crystal Fount'' (temp.) Pop. in 
1^0, 1,949; in 1850, 2,9G1. 

TuscAjiAWAs county, Oliio. Situate toward the E., and 
contains 704 sq. m. Drained by Tuscarawas r., Sandy, 
Conolten, and Sugar creeks, and other small streams. Sur- 
face uneven, and in parts hilly and broken ; soil fertile, and 
raises fine crops of wheat, Indian com, and potatoes, aud 
is generally rich in agricultural productions. Farms 2,250 ; 
manuf. 159 ; dwell. 5,441, and pop.— wh. 81,672, fr. col. 89— 
total 31.7C1. Cajntal: New Philadelphia. PuhHc ^ym■l:s: 
Springfield, Mount Vernon, and Pittsburg E. E. ; Ohio 
Canal. 

Tuscarawas, p. v., Tuscarawas CO., OMo: on Ohio Canal, 
W. side of Tuscarawas r., 84 m. E. N. E. Columbus. 

TuscARORA, p. o., Lee co., Ta. : 67 m. S. Iowa City. 

TuscAEORA, p. v., Livingston county, 2^. Y. : 204 m. W. 
Albany. 

TcscoLA county, Mich. Situate E. centrally in the S. por- 
tion of the State, and contains 811 sq. m. Drained by 
Cass r. and its branches. Surface even ; soil fertile, and 
produces good crops of wheat, oats, etc. It has good water- 
power, which might be put to advantage in the establish- 
ment of factories. Farms IS ; dwell 65, aud pop — wh. 291, 
fV. col. 0— total 291. Capital: Tuscola. 

Tuscola, t and p. o., tivingston co., 'Mich. : 30 m. E. 
Lansing. Drained by small branches of Shiawassee r. A 
farming town containing 544 inhabitants. 

TuscuMBiA, p. v., Franklin co., Ala. : about 2 ra. S. Ten- 
nessee r., 182 m. N. N. AV. Montgomery. The Memphis 
and Charleston R. R. passes through this place. It contains 
an iron foundry, several stores, etc. A spring here flows 
from a fissure in a limestone rock, wbich discbarges 
20,000 cubic feet of water per minute, and it flows a 
considerable stream 2i m. to Tennessee r. The depth of 
the spring where it issues from the rock is & feet. The 
" North Alabamian'' (,whig) and " Franklin Democrat'* 
(dem.), are both published weekly. Pop. about 2,.300. . 

ToscuMniA, p. v., and cap. Miller co., Mo. : on right bank 
of Osage r., 28 m. S. W. by S. Jefl^erson City. It contains 
the county buildings, etc. 

Tuskegee, p. v., and cap. Macon co., Ala. : on a small 
branch of Tallapoosa r., 37 m. E. Montgomery. It contains 
the CO. buildings, ete. The '-Macon Republican" (whig), 
and " Herald" (whig) are issued weekly, aud the " Univer- 
salist" semi-monthly. Pop. about 600. 

Tl-squitee, p. o., Cherokee co., N. Car. : 2S3 m.W. by 8. 
Ealeigh. 

TuTOiLL, p. v., Ulster co., y. Y. : 76 m. S. S.W. Albany 



TUT 



UDI 



Ttjttle'b Coknees, p. o., Sussex co., iV. Jer. : 60 m. N. 
Trenton. 

TwALiTV Plains, p. o., Washington co., Oreg. Ter. : 30 m. 
IS. by E. Salem. 

Twelve Mile, p. o., Pickena district, S.Car.: 117 m. 
H. W. by W. Columbia. 

Twelve Mile, p. o., Cass co., Ind. : 68 m. N. by W. 
Indiaiinpulis. 

Twelve Mile Ceeek, p. o., Steuben Co., Ji. Y. : 122 m. 
W. by S. Albany. 

Twelve Mile Praibte, p. o., SL Clair co., JU.: 95 m. 
S. by "W. Springfield. 

Twenty Mile Stand, p. o., "Warren co., Ohio: 78 m. 
S. W, by W. Columbus. 

Twiggs county, On. Situate centrally, and contains 893 
Bq. m. Ocmul§:ee r. forms its W. buimdary, by branches of 
which it is drained. Surface hilly; snil very ftrlile, cou- 
sisling of a fine deep mold, prwluctive, and well :idapted lo 
cotton, the principal production of the county. A portion of 
the land is covered with pine timber; it contains some 
minerals. Farms 867; manuf. — ; dwell. 696, and pop.— 
wh. 3,517, fr. col. 42, si. 4,620— total S,179. Capital: Ma- 
rion. Public Woi-ks: Central Georgia E. E. 

TwLNSBUEG, t. and p. v., Summit co., Ohio: 120 m. N. E. 
Columbus. Soil furLlle. Drained by Tinker's cr., flowing 
centrally through the t. in a N. W. course, and affording 
water-power. The Cleveland and Pittsburg li. K. crosses 
the S. W. corner of the t. The village contains 2 churches, 
stores, mills, shops, etc. The v. and t. received their names 
from twin brothers who first setUed here in 1S27. Pop. 
of t. 1,2S1. 

Two Mile Branch, p. o., Smyth co., Virg.: 220 m. 
W. by S. lUchmond. 

Two Mile Pr.AiRrE, p. o., Pulaski co., Irid. : about 3 m. 
E. Tippecanoe r.. So m. N. by ^y. Indianapolis, 

T\vo KivEES, p. o.. Pike co., Peiin.: on Delaware and 
Hudson Canal, W. side of Delaware, 124 m. N. E. by N. 
Ilarrisburg. 

TwollivEES, t and p. o., Manitoowoc co.yWisc: 123 nL 
N. E. Madison. Drained by E. and W. Twin rivers, flow- 
ing S. E. into Lake Michigan, which bounds it on the E. 
Population t>24. 

Two Taverns, p. o., Adams county, Penn. : 36 m. S. "W. 
Harrisburg, 

Tye Kiveb WAREnousE, p. 0., Nelson co., Virg. : on "W. 
eide of James river, at junction with Tye river, 69 m. W. 
Richmond. 

TvGERT-s Creek, p. o., Greenup co., Ky. : <m cr. of same 
name, 110 m. E. by N. Frankfort. 

Ttlek county, Tex. Situate E., and contains 1,157 sq. m. 
Drained by affluents of Neches r., which forms its eastern 
boundary, and by branches of Big Sandy or Alabama cr., 
which runs along its S. border. Surface undulating ; soil 
fertile, consisting of a fine deep mold on a sandy bottom, 
and is well adapted to cotton and com. On tUe Trinity 
the land is in general rich and very productive, but sub- 
ject t*3 submersion. It is thickly wooded with oak, pine, 
and other trees. Farms 137; manuf. 6; dwell, 267, and 
pop.— nh. 1,476, fr. coLO, sL 418— total 1,S94. Capital: 
Woodville. 

Tylec county, Virg. Situate N. W., and contains 373 
sq. m. Drained by. Fishing and Middle Island creeks, 
which enter the Ohio river. Surface generally uneven and 
rough; soil a strong loam, and fertile. Chief products, 
■wheat, Indian corn, and potatoes. Farms 417; manuf. 15; 
dwell. 943, and pop.— wh. 5,456, fr. col. 4, sL SS— totiil 5,493. 
Capita/-: Middlebourne, 

TyIer, p. o., Winnebago county, lU.: 176 m. N. by "W. 
Springfield. 

Tyler, p. o., Smith county, Tea). : 209 m. N. E. Austin 
City; 

Tylebsbukg, p. 0., Clarion co., Penn. ; 147 m. W. N. "W. 
Harrisburg. 



Tyler's Poet, p. o., Montgomery co., Peim. : 70 m. E. 
Harrisburg. 

Tylersville, p. 0., Laurens district, S. Car. : 70 m. 
N. W. by W. Columbia. 

Tyman's Store, p. o., Spottsylvania county, Virg. : 55 m. 
N. Rictimond. 

TYMoruTER, t. and p. v., Wyandott co., Ohio: CS m. 
N. t>y W. Columbus. Drained by Sandusky and Tjrnoeh- 
tee rivers. The Mud PLiver and Lake Krie K. li. touebes 
the N. W. corner of the t Pop. oft. 1.817. 

Tyngsboro', t., p. v., and sta., Middlefj^-x county, -ifass. : 
on both sides of Merrimac r., 29 m. N. \\. hy N. B'jston. 
The Nashua and Lowell S. £. passes throuali the v. on the 
W. bank of the Merrimac r., 32 ra. from Button. Tlu* v. 
occupies a pleasant site, and contains a ciuirih and acade- 
my, with several neat dwellings. Pop. of l. 799. 

Tyre, t. and p. o., Seneca, co., K 1'. : 150 m. "W. by N. 
Albany. Surface level; aoU sandy and calcareous loam." 
Drained by Clyde r., flowing iuto Seneca r. The Krie Canal 
passes througti its N. part. Tbe inhaljitants are generally 
engaged in farming. Pop. 1,356. 

TvEEE Spklngs, p. o., Sumucf CO., T'-nn. ; 21 m. N. by K 
Nashville. 

Tyrell, p. 0., Venango co., Penn. : 103 m. N. W. by W. 
Harrisburg. 

Tyringua-v (Shaker settlement), t. anil p. v., Berkshire 
county, Mass. : 112 m. W. Boston. Watered by branches 
of Uousatonic r., one of which flows from a pond tn its S. E. 
part* The t. is twice crossed by two beavy ranges of hills. 
The V. at the centre is neatly built. In its S. W. part is 
Shaker village. The t. also contains 3 churches, and several 
grist and saw mills. Pop. S21. 

Tyro, p. v., Crawford county, Ohio: 66 m. N. by E. 
Columbus. 

Tyron-e, t. and p. o., Livingston county, Mick. : 40 m. E. 
Lansing. Drained by Ore cr., a brant-h of Slnawassce r 
The inhabilanls are generally engaged in farming, etci 
Pop. in 1^0, 394; in 1^0, S67. 

Tyrone, 4). v., Blair county, Peiw. : 76 m. Tf. N. W 
Harrisburg. Situated on N. E. part of the county, and on 
Pennsylvania R. R., IIS m. W. Harrisburg. 

Tyrone, p. o., Coshocton county, Ohio: 62 m. E. N. E. 
Columbus. 

Tyrone, t and p. v., Steuben co., jV. 11 ; 172 m. W. by S. 
Albany. Surface hilly ; soil clay and calcareous loam. 
Drained by Mud cr., which flows through two large pouds 
on its W. border. The v, contains 2 churches, stores, etc. 
The t. also contains several tanneries, grist and saw mills, 
etc. Pop. of v. about 250; of the t. l,sl)4, 

Tyrone Milvs, p. o., Fayette county, Penn.: 140 m. W 
Harrisburg, 

TvERELL CQunty, If. Car, Silimte E., and contains 
727 sq. m. Drained by Alligator r. auil its branches; which 
waters arc discharged into Albemarle sound. Surface low 
and generally even, in many parts it is liablo to submersion, 
and is too wet for cultivation; s^til where fit for tillage ia 
fertile, and produces rice, cotton, grain, etc., which form the 
staple articles of commerce. On the K. in tlie Atlantic, are 
islands belonging to the couniy. «if whtcli the prrncipal id 
Roanoke. Farms 210; manuf. 41; dwell. 635, and pop.— 
wh. 3,301, fr. col. 180, si. l,7i'2— lotal 5,133, CapiUd: 
Columbia. 

Tyson Fitbnace, p. o.,'Wind5')rco., I'tr/zi. ; 55m. S. by E. 
Montpelier. 



U 



rcnEE, p. v., Russell CO., AUi. : 59 m. E. Montgomery. 

UcuEE Anna, p. v., and cap. Wall<»n eo., Flor.: on W, 
side of a branch of Ch.ictawhaichie river, 115 m. W. by N. 
Tallahassee. It contains a couri-hous.-, about 60 dwellings, 
and is surrounded by a \ery productive region. 

UniNA, p. v., Kane co., HI.: ir>;; m. X. X. E. Springfield, 

863 



UFF 



UNI 



Uffington, p. v., Monongalia co., Yirg. : 207 m. N. W. 
Bichmond. 

FiiLEusviLLE. p. v., Northampton county, Penn,: 86 m. 
E. N. E. Harrisburg. 

UnRiGK8viLi.E, p. v., Tuscarawas co., Ohio: 95 ra. E. N. E. 
Columbus. The Steubenville aud Indiana K. R. passes 
through this place. Pop. 577. 

UiNTAii river, Utah 7'er. : a tributary of the PJo Colorado, 
which it joins a litlle above 40° N. lal., in Utah county. The 
ralley of this r. is one of the few fertile places in this part 
(>r the territory. 

Uintah Fobt, Great Salt Lake co., Utah Ter. : a trading 
post on a branch of Umtah r., IW m. N. E. Fillmore Ci(y. 

Ulao, p. 0., Washington county, Wise. : G7 m. E. N. E. 
Madison, 

Ulait's valley, Solano co., Calif: lies N. E. of the Sulsim 
Xalley, is 5 m. l<->ng, and 1| m. wide. It runs N. W. between 
two ranges of hills, and opens out into the Sacramento Val- 
ley. It is a great thoroughfare, aad the admiration of all 
travelers. 

Ulster county, K, Y. Situate toward the 8. E., and con- 
tains 1,076 sq. m. Drained by 'Walkill, Esopus, Eondonl, 
and Shawaogunk creeks, which in their courses supply good 
water-power. Surface in general mountainous, the Shaw- 
aogunk traversing it for a distance of 30 miles in a N. E. 
direction, and the Elue mountains spreading over its \Y. 
section, between these is a broad fertile valley ; soil various, 
on the hills being adajited to grazing, and in the valleys 
very fertile. Chief products, wheat aud Indian corn. This 
CO. contains many minerals, and some sulphur springs, also 
large quarries of marbie and limestone. It has some im- 
portant manufactures, and exi)orts large quantities of coal, 
brought here by the canal, and lumber. Farms 3,530 ; mannf. 
441 ; dwell. 9.735, and pop.— wh. 57,S03, fr. col. 1,5S1— total 
59,3S4. Capital: Kingston. Puhlic }Vork^ : Delaware 
and Hudson Canal ; Albany and Hoboken R. R. 

Ulster, t, and p. o., Bradford county, Penii. : 107 m. N. 
ITarrisburg. Drains into the Susquehanna r., which makes 
its E. border. Surface diversified ; soil in the vallty exceed- 
ingly rich. Tliere are several saw and flour mills in the L, 
and several stores. 

Ulstekville, p. v., Ulster county, K. T, : 76 m. S. S. "W. 
Albany. 

Ultima Thttle, p. o., Sevier co., Arl\ : on Rock or., a 
branch of Little r., 131 m. "W. S. W. Little Rock. 

Ulysses, t, Tompkins co., N. Y. : on the W. side of 
Cayuga lake, S m. N. W. Ithaca, and 152 m. "W. from 
Albany. Drained by small streams running into Cuyus:a 
lake, toward which its surface declines. It contains several 
manufactories. Pop. 3,122. 

Ulvbser, t. and p. o., Potter co., Penn. : 121 m. K by W.* 
Harrisburg. Drained by head waters of Pine cr. of Sus- 
quehanna r., and of the Genesee r. flowing in different 
directions. Surface elevated; soil fertile. Pop. 542. 

Umbagog lake, N. Ilamp. and Me. : a large body of water 
located mostly in Maine, extending about 300 yards in 
width along the E. of the townships of Errol and Cambridge 
in N. H. It is about 15 m. long, and in some parts 10 m. 
wide, and is little inferior to the "Winnepisiogee in extent 
and beauty. Its form is long and irregidar, increasing in 
width from S. to N. Its outlet is on the N. W. side of Errol, 
and flows into the Androscoggin river. 

Umcolcus, p. o., Aroostook county, Me. : 172 m. N. E. 
Augusta. 

U-MPQiTA City. p. v., and port, Umpqua co., Oreg. Ter. : at 
the mouth of Umpqua r., 92 m. S. S. W. Salem. It lies on 
a neck between the river and Paciflc Ocean ; has a good 
Iwirbor. aud promises to become a flourishing place. 

Fmi'qta river, Oreg. Ter. : a considerable stream falling 
iiiio the Paciflc Ocean, about 40 m. to the N. of Cape Arago 
It risffl by several branches from the coast range of raoun- 
W.UK and some of the heads are separated from tributaries 
of Uogne r. by a well-defined watershed. Gold has been 
b64 



found in the greater part of its length, and already several 
settleraenls are found on its banks. Umpqua Ciiy at ita 
mouth, Providence and Gardiner on opposite sides of the r. 
6 m. up, Middleton on its S. bank 13 m. up, Scottsburg 
Myrtle City, and Gagniersville on the N. bank 22 to 25 m 
up, and Elkton at the confluence of Elk r. are the principal 
and there are others on Elk r., and on the N. and S. Umpqua 
rivers, which latter are th^hief constituents of the Umjiqua. 

Unabilla, t. and p. v., Livingston county, Mich. : 31 m. 
S. E. Lansing. Drained by Portage r., a branch of Huron 
river. Soil very fertile, and one of the bist towns in the 
county. The inhabitants are chiefly engaged in farming 
Pop. in 1S40, 643; In 1S50, l.ii27. 

Unadilla, t. and p. v., Otsego co., N. Y. : 30 m. S. "W 
of the village of Cooperslown, S4 m. W. by S. Albany 
Drained by UnatMlla aud Susquehanna rivers. Surface 
hilly and somewhat broken, but has rich alluvial flats. It 
contains some manufactures of woolens, leather, tobacco, 
etc., and has considerable trade in lumber. The v. on N. 
side of Susquehanna r. contains several mills, some manu- 
facturing establishments, a bank, cap. $1'jO,OoO, and about 
600 inhabitants. Two covered bridges, each 250 feet long, 
resting on 3 arches, here span the river. Pop. of t. 2,403 

Unadilla river, N. Y. : rises in Bridgew-ater, Oneida co^ 
flows in a southerly direction, dividing- the counties of 
Madison, Otsego, and Chenango, and falls into the Susque- 
hanna, in the N. E. corner of Brainbridge. It is about 5 m. 
iu length, and aflbrds immense hydrauHc power. On ita 
banks are situated several manufacturing villages. 

Unadilla Centre, p. v., Otsego co., N. Y. : on a branch 
of Unadilla r., 84 m. W. by S. Albany. 

Unadilla Forks, p. v., Otsego co.,J\'! Y.: at the junction 
of the E. and W. branches of the Unadilla r, 89 m. W. by S, 
Albany. It contains several manufactories, and about 300 
inhabitants. 

UwcASvrLLE (Mohegan), p. v., New London co., Conn. : 
on the Reser^'ation of the Mohegan Indians, 36 m. S. E, 
Hartford. It contains a chapel, school-house, etc.. erected 
at the expense of the general government. The New Lon- 
don, Willimantic, and Palmer R. R. passes it,'9 m. from 
New London. In the vicinity is a large factory, making 
drillings, running 80 looms, 2,400 spindles, and employing 
about 100 operatives. 

Undkkuill, t. and p. v., Chittenden co.. Fe/vn. ; 23 m. 
N. W. Montpelier. Drained by head branches of Brown 
r., a tributary of Lamoille r., which affords water-power 
lo'several saw-mills. Surface uneven, with an inferior eoiL 
The v. is on a branch of Brown r. Pop. of t, 1,599. 

Undei'.hill Cestbe, p. v., Chittenden eo., Tertn. : 25 nt 
N. W. Montpelier. 

Undrkwood, p. o., Hopkins co., Xy. ; 161 m. E. by S. 
Frankfort. 

Underwood's, p. o., Marlon co., Ohio: 47 m. N. byTV". 
Columbus. 

Unika mountains, a name given to that portion of the 
Alleghany range that separates Tennessee from North 
Carolina, and which lies S. W. of Tennessee river. 

Union county. Ark. Situate S., and contains 1.230 sq. m. 
Drained by Wachita river and its affluents. Surface level ; 
soil fertile. Cotton is the chief production. Farms 679 
manuf. 0; dwell. 964, and pop.— wh. 5,526, fr. col. 5, sla. 
4,767— total 10,298. Capital: EI Dorado. 

Union county, Ga. Situate N., and contains 706 sq. m 
Drained by head branches of Hiawassee river, and other 
small streams. Surface uneven ; soil fertile. In the S. and 
E. it is bounded by a mountainous range. Farms 911 ; 
manuf. 3 ; dwell. 1,141, and pop.— wh. <J,955, fr. col. 1, sla. 
278— total 7,234. Capital: Blairsvllle. 

Union county, ///. Situate S. W.,aDd contains 390 sq. m*. 
Drained by Clear creek, a tributary of Mississippi river, 
which forms its western border, and by Ca^h river, a trib- 
utary of Ohio river. Surface hilly; soil fertile, and pro- 
duces abundantly wheat, Indian corn, and other grains. 



tTNr 



tJNI 



Pork :ind beef are exported. Farms SIO ; manuf. 21 ; dwill. 
1,2S9, an.i pop.— wh. 7.r)Tit, fr. col. 45, totul 7,615. Capital: 
Jonoaboro'. Puldic Wurkti : Illinois Ci-utral K. K. 

Union county, Ind. Situate E., iiml contains 16S sq. m. 
Drained by E. fork of Wliite river, and Hannah. Rockland, 
and Silver creeks. Surface E. level, W. undulating or hilly. 
Scven-ei<j;lUli9 of the country originally timbered upland. 
The soil is uniformly good. Earras 6(IG ; manuf. 35 : dwell. 
1.2'20, and pup.— wh. 7,100. fr. col. 3S— total 7.144. Cupitai: 
Liherry. Fnl'lic Wifi-ks : Indiana Junction i;. K. 

Union county, I<t. Situate toward the S. W., and con- 
tains 432 sq. m. Drained by Crooked fork of Grand river 
and ilsbranche?. Surface level, extending into broad, open 
plains; soil fertile, and well adapted to wheat and grain. 
Set off since 1S50. 

Union couuiy, Ky. Situate N. W., and contains 3S5 
sq. m. Drained by Highland creek and branches, and 
branches of Tradeswater creek. Surface undulating, the 
land rising gradually to the Ohio, on the W. border, and on 
the shore leruiin.-iting in high bluffs ; soil moiierately fertile. 
Chief productions tobacco and Indian corn. Some cotton 
is also produced. Earms 6S1 ; raanuf. 7; dwell. 1,140, and 
pop.— wh. 6,704, fr. col. 16, sla. 2,292— total 9,012. Capital : 
Morganfield. 

Union parish, La. Situate N., and contains 1,027 sq. ni. 
Drained by D'Arbonne river, and its branches, which tra- 
verse it from K. to W., anil branches of AVachita river. Sur- 
face level; soil ;aried, that on the streams being generally 
rich and fertile, adapted to the culture of cotton, rice, and 
Indian corn, which, with wheat, form the staple produc- 
tions. Earms 717 ; manuf. 1 ; dwell. 942, and pop. — wh. 
4,778, fr. col. ; si. 3,425— total 8,203. Capital : Farmersville. 

Union county, M. Car. Situate S., and contains 475sq. ;n. 
Drained by branches of Y.adkin river. Surface uneven ; 
soil fertile, and well adapted to grain and grazing. Some 
portions of it are very productive, and yield a large quan- 
tity of cotton, etc. Staple articles of commerce, tobacco, 
cotton, rice, and wheat. Farms S7T ; manuf. 9 ; dwell. 1,422, 
and pop.— wh. S,i)lS, fr. col. 51, si. 1,9S2 — total 10,051. 
Capital : Monroe. 

Union county, Ohio. Situate "W. centrally, and contains 
8S4 sq. m. Drained by Big Darby and Boiiues creeks, and 
other affluents of the Scioto river. Surface an extended 
plain, with occasional swells, and pleasantly iliversified ; 
soil fertile, and produces abundantly wheat, grain, and po- 
tatoes. Pork and beef are exported. Earms 1 255 ; manuf. 
16; dwell. 2,050, and pop.— wh. 12,076, fr. col. 12S— total 
12,2ii4. Capital: Marysville. Public iVoiA's: Springfield, 
Mount Vernon, and riltsburg E. K. ; Columbus and Belle- 
fontaine K. E., etc. 

Union county, Pfim. Situate E. centrally, and contains 
570 sq. m. Drained by Penn'a, Middle, Buffalo, and West 
Mahantanga creeks, tributaries of Susquehanna river, and 
its W. branch, which bound it on the E. Surface hilly, and 
in parts mountainous; soil fertile, and very productive. 
Staples, wheat and Indian c()rn. Farms 1,597: manuf. 160 ; 
dwell. 4,455. and pop.— wh. 25,982 ; fr. col. lol— total 26,053. 
Ci.i])it<d: New Berlin. 

Union dist., *S'. Car. Situate N., and contains 749 sq. m. 
Drained by Pacolel and Tyger rivers, and Ihuir lininches. 
Surface undulating; soil generally fertile, and adaiiied to 
grain. Chief i)rodnctions, cidton and Indian corn. P'arms 
S69; manuf. 72 ; dwell. 1,734, and pop.— wh. 9,322, fr. col. 
13S, si. 10.392— total 19.852. Capit<il : Unionvilfe. Public 
Works: Union anil Spart^mburg R. K. 

Union, p, o., Jasper co., Tex. : 223 m. E. by N. Austin 
City. 

Union, p. v.. Greene co., Ala. : 93 m. W. by N. Mont- 
gomery. Pop. 290. 

UKioi4,t. and p. o.. Tolland co., Conn.: 31 m.N. E- byE. 
Hartford. Drained by liead branches of Wlllimantic river, 
and other small streanj;!. Surface billy, with an inferior 
soil. Mashapaug and Breakneck ponds, sources of the 

55 



Quinnebaug, and a branch of the Natchaug rivers, are in 
this town. pop. 729. 

Union, p. o., York co., Penr>. : 31 m. S. S. E. Harrisburg. 

Union, p. v., and sla.. M'Henry co., ///..- on the Galena 
and Chicago Union K. K., 62 m. N. W. Chicago, and 175 nv 
N. K. Springfield. 

Union, p. o., Pike county, Ind.: UQ m. S. W. by W. 
Indianapolis. 

Union, v. and stn., Randolph no.. Ind. .■ on the State line, 
S4 m. E. N. E. Indianai.olis. This is the point of union of 
the Indianapolis and Bellelontnine E. E.. and the Ohio lines 
to Cleveland,, Pittsburg and Cincinnati, viz., the Bellefon- 
taine and Indiana R. E., the Columbus, Piqua and Indiana 
R. K., and the Greenville and Miami E. R. respectively, 
which, with their eastern connections, extend to the above- 
named places, and thence connect with roatis to the Atlantic, 
etc. It is one of the most important points of junction in 
the west, and must soon become a thriving commercial 
centre. 

Union, p. v., Boono co., JT/j. : 51 m N. by E. Frankfort 

Union, t. and p. v., Lincoln co., J/*'. ; 27 m. E. 3. E, 
Augusta. Drained by St. George and Mnscungus rivers. 
Surface gently uneven. Incorporated in 17S6. The t. con- 
tains a consi'IeraMe number of saw, grist, and fulling mill3. 
The v. is on St. George r. Pop. of t. 1,974. 

Un ion, p. o., Cass co., Mich. : on the W. of a tributary of 
St. Joseph's r., 83 m. S. W. Lansing. 

Union, p. v., Newton county, Miss, : 69 ra. E. by N, 
Jackson. 

Union, t., Branch co., Mich. : 52 m. S. W. by ^. Lansing. 
St. Joseph's r. crosses its N. W. corner, and receives at 
Union City the stream draining the t. The inh;tbilants aro 
generally engaged in farming. Pop. in 1340, 5o7 ; in 1850 
1,271. 

TTnion. p. v., Franklin co., Mo. : a little N. of Bourbeuse 
cr., 64 m. E. Jefferson City. 

Union, p. o., Carroll county, jV. Ilamp. : 40 m. N. by E. 
Concord. 

Union, p. v., Van Euron co., /'/. ; 73 m. S. S. "W. Iowa 
City. 

Union, t. and p. v., Essex county, K. Jer. : 42 m. N. E. 
Trenton. Drained by Elizabeth and Eahway rivers. Sur- 
face uneven, with a fertile and well-cultivated soil. Pop. 
of t. 1,662. 

Union, t., p. v., and sta., Broome co,, N. Y. : on the N. 
side of the Susquehanna r.. 128 m. W. S. W. Albany. 
Drained by Nanlicoke r., a tributaiy of the Susquehanna. 
Surface undulating, and in parts hilly; soil fertile. The v. 
is located IJ rn. N. of the Susquehanna r., at Ihe base of a 
round hill, which has excellent pasture to the top, facing 
the v.. while OH the opposite side it is covered with pine and 
hemlock. From its summit there are excellent views of the 
river and valley. It is a thriving place, and contains about 
1.000 inhabitants. The sla. is ^ m. distant fn-m the v., on 
the New York and Erie E. E,, which passes along the Sus- 
qui'himna 233 m. from New York city, antl 237 m. from 
Dunkirk. The t. contains about 80 saw mills, with tan- 
neries and grist mills. Pop. of 1 2.143. 

liNioN, t. and sta., Licking county, Ohio: on the Central 
Ohio R. R.. 26 m. E. by N. from Columbus. The Ohio 
Canal passes on its S. E. border. It contains the p. v. of 
Hebron (pop. 649), and Lura. pop. 83. Pop. of t. 3,.%3. 

Union, p. v., Montgomery co, Ohio: on the W. side of 
Greenville creek, 73 m. W. by S. Columbus. Pop. aboulSOO. 

T'NioN, p. v., and cap. Monroe co., I'ir//. : 171 m. W. 
Richmond. It contains a ci>iirt-liou8e, jail, and an academy, 
several stores and tanneries. The " Union Republican" ia 
issued weekly. Pop. 253. 

Union, I. and p. o., Eock co., Wise: 20 m. 8. MadisoB. 
Drained by branch of Sugar r.,and is a good farming town. 
Pop. 1,050. 

Union, v., Trinity co., Calif.: at the head of Humboldt 
Harbor, 212 m. N. W. Yallejo. 

803 



tJNI 



Union, p. v., Santa Clara counly, Culif. : 78 m. S. S. E. 
Vallejo. 

Union river and bay, Hanooek co„ Me.: has its source 
a few miles S. of Passadumkeag r., llnws S., and empties 
into Union river l)ay, between Trenton and Surry, lis 
length is over 40 m. It receives several tributaries and af- 
fords valuable water-power. 

Union Bridge, p. v., Carroll co., Md. : on Little Pipe 
creek, 10 m. N. from Westminster, and 53 m. N. W. 
Annapolis. 

Union Buidge, v. and sta., Belknap co., K ITnmp.: on 
the W. b.ifder of Little Bay, and on the Boston, Concord, 
and Monlreal P.. E., 22 m. from Concord. 

Union Bk.dge, p. o., Titus co., Tex. : 206 m. N. E. Austin 
City. 

Union Centre, p. v., Broome CO., N. T. : 125 m. W. S. W. 
Albany. 

Union CttURcn. p. o., Jefferson co., 3fim. : near a branch 
of Homochitc. r., 5S m. S. W. by S. .Jackson. 

Union City, p. v.. Branch co., Mic/i. : on S. side of St. 
Joseph's r., at the junction of Coldwater r., 54 m. S. W. by S. 
Lansing. Its location is at the head of navigation, ami it 
possesses a considerable amount of water-power. 

Union Cobnee, sta.. Queens co., K. 1.': on the Long Is- 
land R. E., S m. E. New York. Here is one of the most 
noted race courses in tlie Union. 

Union Cobneks, p. o., Livingston co., 2^. Y. : 214 m. W. 
Albany. 

Union Corners, p. v.. Tan Buren co., In. : on South 
branch of Eox r., 75 m. 8. S. W. Iowa City. 

Union District, p. o., Washtenaw Co., Midi. : 46 m. S. E. 
Lansing. 

Union Falls, p. v., Clinton co., 2f. T. : W. side of Sar- 
anac r., which alfurds great water-power, 13.3 ni. N. Albany. 
Union Furnace, p. o., Uuntingdon co., Penn.: 54 m. 
W. Harrisburg. 

Union Grove, p. v., Whitesidcs co., in. : on the W. side 
of Little Eock r., 14-3 m. N. by W. gpringfleld. 

Union Gbote, p. o., Kacine co., IRic. ; 70 m. E. S. E. 
Madison. 

Union Grove, p. v.. Prince George Co., Virg. : near the 
head waters c.f Blackwater r., 33 m. S. by E. Eichinond. 

Union Haix, p. o., Franklin co., Viig. : 135 m. W. S. W. 
Eichmond. In the vicinity, on Pig r., are several mills. 

Unio.v Level, p. o., Mecklenburg county, Virg. : 88 m. 
S, W. Eichmond. 

Union Meeting House, p. o., Baltimore co., Md.: on 
Great Gvinpow.ter Falls, 81 m. N. of Baltimore cily, and 
61 m. N. by W. Annapolis. 

Union Mills, p. o.. La Porte Co., Ind. : on W. side of 
branch of Kankakee r.. 159 m. N. by W. Indianapolis. 

Union Mili^, p. o., Carroll county, Md.: on side of Big 
ripe cr., 52 m. N. N. W. Annapolis. 

Union Mills, p. o.. Fnlton co., 2f. Y. : 38 m. N. W. by N. 
Albany. It contains several mills. 

Union Mills, p. o., Mahaska co., la. : on N. side of N. 
Bkunk r., 63 m. W. by S. Iowa- City. 

Union Mills, p. v., Erie co., Penn. ; on a branch of 
French cr., 191 m. N. W. Harrisburg. 

Union Mills, p. v., Fluvanna co., rirff. : on Eivanna r, 
66 m. N. W. F.ichmond. It contains several mills and a 
large cotton factory. 

Union Plain, p. o.. Brown CO., OJuo: 89 m. S. E. by S. 
Columbus. 

Union Point, p. o. and sta., Greene co., Ga. : on the 
Georgia E. E., at the junction of the Athens Uronch E. K., 
40 m. from Alliens, 76 m. from Augusta, and 42 m. N. by E. 
llilledgeville. 

Union Point, p. o., Concordia par.. La. : 78 m. N. by W. 
l^ton Rouge. 

Union Point, p. o.. Union Co., lU. : on E. side of Missis- 
sippi r., 3 m. below the mouth of Big Muddy r., 162 m. S. 
Bpringfield. 
866 



vm 

Cnion Settlement, p. o., Oswego county, N. Y. : 142 m. 
W. N. W. Albany. 

Union Society, p. o., Greene co., 2^. Y.: 33 m. S. "W. 
Albany. 

U.MON Springs, p. o., Macon county, jtln.: on a fork of 
Oupia llalchie cr., 41 m. E. by S. Monlgomery. Popula- 
tion about 160. 

Union Springs, p. o., Harrison CO., Tex.: 19 m. S. W 
Austin City. 

Union Springs, p. v. and sta., Ca)^lga CO., N. Y. : on E. 
side of Cayuga lake, 168 m. W. Albany. The Cayuga and 
Susquehanna E. P^ passes Ihrough this place, 64 m. N. W. 
from Owego, and connects at C:iyuga, 4 m., with the Eoplie.s- 
ter and Syracuse E. E. It has several mills, 1 iron foundry, 
and 1 woolen factory. There are two springs here whici 
discharge sufficient water to supply the mills wilh power, 
there is also a mineral spring h.-re <»f some celebrity. U 
has a steamboat landing, ami a steam ferry coniiecis the v. 
with Canoga, in Seneca county. The " ("ayuga Telegraph" 
(neut.) is here published. Pop. about 6110. 

Union Square, p. o., Oswego CO., N. Y. : 144 m. W. N.W. 
Alhany. 

Union Square, p. v., Montgomery co., PeJin. : 83 m. K 
Harrisburg. 

Uniontown, p. v.. Perry Co., Afa.: at the head-waters 
of Chilalohee creek, 77 miles W. Monlgomery. Population 
about 50 I. 

Uniontown, p. v., Knox county, JU. : 71 m. N. by W. 
Springfield. 

Uniontown, p. v., Union county. A';/. .' 167 m. W. by 8. 
Frankfort. 

Uniontown, p. v.. Wells co,, Iiid. : on 8, side of branch 
of.Little r., 117 m. N. E. by N. Imlianapolis. 

Uniontown. p, v., Carroll Co., Md.: 51 m. N. W. by N. 
Annapolis. Pop. 889. 

Uniontown. sU., Middlesex co., Jf. Jer.: on New Tork 
and Philadelphia R. E., 34 m. N. E. Trenton. 
Uniontown, p. o., Indian Territory. 
Uniontown, p. v., Belmont co., Oliio : 111 m. E. by N. 
Columbus. Pop, 194, 

Uniontown, p. b.. and cap. Fayette CO., Penn. : on Red- 
stone cr., 153 m. W. by S. Harrisburg. In this neighbor- 
ho<id are three cold blast furnaces, wilh a capacil^ of 1,100 
tons each, and a rolling-mill, wilh an annual product of 700 
tons. It contains several stores, workshops, and printing- 
offices, and three newspapers, the ■■ Pennsylvania Demo- 
crat," the "Fayette Whig," and the ••Genius of Liberty" 
(whig), are issued weekly. Pop. 2.333. 

Union Vale, t.. Duchess co.. If. )'..• 69 m. S. Albany. 
Drained by Fishkill r. Surface rolling and hilly, having on 
the E. Mallcaw.an ridge ; soil fertile. It has some manu- 
factures. Pop. ],5,j2. 

Union Valley,' p. v., CorUandl CO., If. Y. : 124 m. W. 
Albany. 

Union Village, p. v., Broome co.. If. Y.: 120 m. W. by 
S. Albany. 

Union Village, p. v.. Orange co,. Verm. : on 8. side of 
branch of Connecticut r., 40 m. S. E. by S. Monlpelior. 

Union Village, p. v., Northumberland CO., Virg.: 65 m. 
E. N. E. Eichmond. 

Union Village, v., Warren county, Ohio : 84 ra. S. W. J 

Columbus, The inhabitanis are chiefly Shakers, and are I 

divided into lamilles, each one wilh ils separate house, hav- 
ing out-houses and work-shops adjoining. This is the old- 
est and largest society in the WesL 

Unionville, p. v.. Monroe co., Ga. : on S, side of branch 
of Ocmulgee r.. 52 m. W. by N. Milledg<-ville, 

Unionville, p, v., Harlfonl counly, ' 'oiiii. : on E. side of 

Farinington r., on the Collinsville briinih of the New Haven 

and Norlhuinplon, .ir Canal E, E,, 28 ra. from New Haven, 

and U m. W. from llarlf..rd. 

Unionville, p. v., Monroe Co., Ind. : 61 m. 8. S. W. of 

' Indianapohs. 



^ UNI 

Unjonville, p. v., Appanoose cimnly, /./. ; on S. side of 
branch of Des Moint's r., 81 m. S. W. Iowa City. 

Union-v(li.e. p. v., Frederick co., .Ifd.: on a tril)ntary of 
Liaiianorcj cr., U ra. E. N. E. of Frederick City, and 47 m. 
N. W. Annapolis. 

U.vioNvtLi.E. p. v., Orang;e en.. A'! V. : OS m. S. S. E. of 
Albany. It contains a church, several sl<iros, elc. Pnpu- 
latinn abdut ISO. 

Unionville. p. r. and sta., Lak"- on., Ohio: on C?eveland 
and Krie K. R., 42 tn. from CHevdand. ^\ m. from Kri.>. 105 in. 
N. E. t olnmbus. Ii eonUiins two churches, severai stores, 
otc In the virinity are extensive irori-worl;s. 

lTxK)xvaLE, p. v., ChesU-r co., Penii, .• CG m. E. S. E. of 
Ilarrisluirff. 

UNmxvir.r.E, p. v.. sta.. and rap. Union di'^L, S. C<fi\ : on 
a finiall branch of Ti^^er r.. 57 m. X. W. by N. Ci.Innibia. 
It conljiins the counry buildings etc. The Union and .<par- 
t&nburi^ K. R.. diverging from Alston on- Oreeiivillc and 
Columbia i:. li., extends thnmgh thi.^ place to 
biifK, 6ifm. 

Unionville. p. v., Casa co., Teae, : 22S m. N. E. AnsUn 
City. 

Unionville, p. v., Bedford co., TVm??. ; 45 m. S. S. E, 
Na.shville. 

Unionville Centre, p. o.. Union co., Ohio: 23 in. N. "W. 
by N. Colurnbus. 

Uniopolis, p. v., Auglaize county, Ohi, 
Columbus. 

Unison, p. v., Loudon co., Virg. : 99 m. N. Richmrmd. 

Unison, p. v., Delaware co., Ohio. 
Columlius. 

Unitaria, p. o,, Broorae co., 2^. V. 
Albany. 

Unttta, p. v., Blount county, Te7in. 
Nashville. 

Unity, p. v., Alexander county, Jll. 
river, 5 m. N. of the Mississippi r., and 1S9 m. S. by E. 
Sprinsfleld. 

Unitv, t. and p. v.,W!ildo co.. Sfe.: 31 ni. N". E. Aurjn^ta 
Drained by branch of SebnsUcook r. There is a ])nni?<)n its 
N. border. S. of whicli the v. is lo«>at''d. The t. cunlain;; 
fuirmir. grist, and saw mills, and tanneries. Po/i. oft. 1,5.".7, 

Unitv. p. v.. Montgomery co.. Jfl.: to thi^ W. of Pntux- 
cnt r., 36 in. W. N. W. Annapolis. 

Unity, t. and p. v.. Sullivan co.. X. Uinnp. : nc m. W. 
Concord. Drained by Sugar r., and other small branches 
of Connecticut r. Perry's Mount.oi'n. in the S. W. pari, is 
partly in this town. The inhabiwnts are generally engageil 
in farming. Pop. oft. 961. 

Unity, l. and p. v., Co!"i"hiana county, Ohio: 149 in. 
N. E. by E. Columbus. Drained by tributaries of Little 
Beaver river. The v. of Unify is situate about a mile N. of 
Ihc Ohio and Penns/fvaniaE. R., which passes through the 
t. in an E. and W. direction. Pop. of i. 2,095. 

I'nity. p. v., Muhlenburg co., lOj. : 1+1 m. S. W. by "W. 
Frankfort. 

I'nitv, p. o., Crawford co., Penn. : 19S m. W. N. "U'. 
Harrisbnrg. 

Unity, t., Weslmoreland co., Penn. : 130 m. W. Ilarri';- 
burg. Drained by Crabtree and Big Sewickly creeks, and 
Nine Mile run. affording extensive hydraulic powtr. im- 
proved by various tanneries, distilleries, flouring and saw 
mills. Pop. abiHit 3,11)0. 

University of Vikuinia. p. o., Albemarle co., Xlrg. : nt 
the Univt-rsity, 1 m. W. Charlottsville, and 9S m. from Rirh- 
mond by the Virginia Cenn-al R. R. Lat. Z9,o 02' OS" N.. 
and long. 73° 31' 29" W. The University was fmnd'-d in 
1819. and in 1850 had 10 professors, and 3S3 student-^, 3.5n0 
alumni, and a library of 1(1,000 volumes. In the law dipurl- 
menl there were 70 students, and in the mediejil dep.irlinent 
95 students. This Is one of the most flourishing inslilulions 
of the kind in the Tinited States. 

Ufatoie, p. v., Muscogee co., Ga. : on W. side of branch 



Sparlan- 

3tin 

. of 

W. 

miles N. "W. 

Richmr»nd. 
19 ui. N. by W. 

■ 125 m. W. S. W. 

■ 144 m. E. by S. 

■ 1 m. W. of Cash 



TJPP 

of Upoioy er, 98 m. W. S. "W. Mille.lgeville. The Muscogee 
R. It. passes through this place. 

TTiM>EOKAFi--s, p. o., Jefferson c., Ohio : 111 m. E. by N. 
Columbus. 

T'piiM-iM-R, p. v.. Macon co., Aht.: nn TTphaupee cr., 31 
m. E. by N. Montgomery. 

Uppkr Alton, p. v., Madison co,. TU. : on elevated 
ground. 2J m. E. of Mississippi r.. and E. of Alton. 69 m. 
S. by W. of Springfield. It contains several mills and stores, 
and about 2,000 irdiabitants. In ISIG the v. was laid out, 
and f..r the past 2o VL-ars it has sraduatly incn-ased in 
growth. It contains SIiurilefT Cnlleg*-. f.amd.-d in 183,5, 
having (in IRoO) a president, 6 pn.fessors, and 45 .«tudent3, 
with a library containing 1,600 volumes. 

Upper A<inEiioGUE, p. v.. Suffolk co., K Y. : 132 m. 
S. E. by S. Albany. 

lii'pEu Bl.\ck Edpt. p. 0.. Bucks co., Pe7in. : 1(15 m. E. 
ITarristjurg. 

T'lTEiico. p. v.. Baltimore co.. Md. : situated E. of the N. 
bran, h of Patapsco r., 21 m. N. N.W. Baltimore, 43 X. N.W. 
Annapolis. 

T'^ppEp. Cross Roads, p. o., Harford co., M'1. : 45 m. 
N. by E. Annapolis. 

Uppf.i: Dabby, t. and p. o., Delaware co., Peiin. : 89 m. 
E. by S. llarrislnn-g. Drained by Cobb's and Darby creeks. 
Surface hilly ; soil fertile. It has go-id water-power, and 
some manufactories. 

Uppki: Dcblin, t. and p. o., Montgomery co., Penn.: 99 
m. E. llarrisburg. Drained by Darby and Cobb's creeks, 
I>y whiiib goiid wati*r-po\ver is sujiptied. Surface hilly; soil 
ft-rlile, consisting of lilack mold. It has several stores, and 
a number of mills and factories. Pop. 1 5.50. 

Ui'PER Embabiiar. p. o.. Coles co.. III. : about 2 m W. of 
heait bran<^h of Embarras r.. 79 m. E. Springfield. 

Upper Falls, p. v., Windsor co., Venn. : 53 m. 3. by E. 
Mopfpelier. 

TTppER Fp.F.EnoLD, I., Monmouth county, A'', ./cr. ; 12 m. 
E. by S. Trenton. It has Assunpink cr. on ilie N. E., and 
Cros-;wiek's cr. on the S. border. Drained by tributaries of 
Assunpink and Crosswick's creeks. Surface even, with 
forests of pine in the S. E. part. It has good water-power, 
and se\.,Tal manufactories and mills. Pop. 2.556. 

rppEi: Gilmanton, p. v.. Belknap co.. N. Ilamp. : on the 
N. of Winnipisseogee r., 17 m. N. by E. Concord. 

UrpER CrLorCESTEP., p. v., Cumberlitnd county, Me.: OQ 
Royals r., 35 m. S. W. Augusta. 

TTpi'Eii Hanover, t., Mt>ntgomery county, Penn.: 81 ra. 
E. by N. Ilarrisburg. Drained by Perkiom<'n cr. and ite 
branch's. Surface hilly, and in parts rough and broken. 
Soil red shale. I( contains sevt-ral .stores and a number of 
mills, and has about 1,570 inhabitants. The \ ilLit**-, called 
New Gosheiihoppen, is situate in the forks of Pi-rki-jmen 
creek. 

Upi'EB IIl-nting creek, p. o,, Caroline co., Md. : on a cr. 
so culled, above its confluence with Choptank r., 33 oi. S. E. 
Annapolis. 

Upper Iowa river, Ja. : rises in S. part of Minnesota Ter., 
flows S. E. into Wirmisheik co., and theu N. E., emptyiug 
into the Mississippi r. near the N. boundary of the State. 
Upper -Uy. p. o.. Esse.x Co., N. 11 ; 120 rn. N. Albany. 
UppRit Lisle, p. o., Broome co., K. Y. : 122 m. W. by 3. 
Albany. 

T'ppER Macitngy, t, Lehigh co., Penn.: 74 m. E. N. E. 
Harrisburg. Drained chiefiy by Ltdiigh cr. It contains 
sevL-ral stores, and has a number of grist and saw mills. 
Pop. altout 1,900. 

Upper Maiiantanoo, t. and p. o.. Schuylkill co.. Penn. .* 
37 m. X. E. by N. Harrisburg. Drained by two branches 
of Mahantango cr. Surface divrsified, with collection of 
low hills: soil red shale and while gravel, in gen«-ral barren. 
It c-iulains several stores, and has a number of grist and 
saw mills. 
Upi'tE Marietta, p. v., Lancaster co., Pttin. : on the J& 

&£7 



UPP 



VIA. 



bank of Susquehanna r. ami on llie line of the Columbia 
Branch K. R., 5 m. above Columbia. 

Upper Marlboro', p. v., and cap. Prince George co, 
Mel. : on the S. side of Ihe W. branch of Talapsco r., 4 m. 
above ito moulh, 17 m. S. W. Annapolis and 13 m. E. by S. 
Washington, D. C. It contains Ihe county buildings, etc., 
and is a well-built village. The '■ Marlboro' Gazette" (neut.) 
is published weekly. Pop. about 800. 

UPPF.B MiDDLETowN, p. V., Muldlescx CO., OoJMi. : onW. 
side of Connecticut r., 15 m. S. Ilartlbrd. The name of this 
place has lately been changed to Cromwell. It contains 
2 churches, academy, a few stores, etc. 

itpPER MiDDLEToWN, p. V., Fayette CO., Penn. : on bend 
of Bedstone cr., 6 m. N. Union, 155 m. W. by 8. Harrisburg. 
Upper MotraT Bethel, t., Northampton co., Pt^nn. : on 
the W. side of Delaware r., 99 m. N. E. Harrisburg. Sur- 
face mountainous. It contains several manufactories. 

Upper Peacu Tree, p. v., Wilcox Co., Ala. : on the W. 
side of the Alabama r., 76 m. 3. W. by W. Monlgomery. 

Upper Ked Hook, p. v., Duchess CO., iVl Y.: S m. E. 
from Hudson r, 42i m. S. Albany. 

Upper St. Clair, t. and p. o^ Alleghany county, Penn, : 
173 m. W. Harrisburg. Drained by Charlicr's cr. Surface 
hilly ; soil black loam, and very fertile. It contains a num- 
ber of stores and several mills and factories, and has a pop. 
of about 2,700. 

Upper SANDtieKT, p. v., and cap. 'Wyandolt CO., 07tio : 
on W. side of Sandusky r., 60 m. N. by W. Columbus. It 
(contains the usual county buildings and is well built. Popu- 
lation 7S3. 

Upper Stillwater, p. v. and sta.. Penobscot Co., Me, : 
on the W. side of the Penobscot r., oj)po3ite Marsh's Island, 
C9 in. N. E. Augusta. The Bangor and Piscataquis E. E. 
passes through this place, 9 m. from Bangor. Oreat water- 
power is here afforded by the falls in the Penobscot river. 

Upper Steasbcrg, p. v., Franklin co., Penn.: on a fork 
of Ileyren's branch of Conedogwinit cr., 10 m. N. W. 
Chainbersburg, 47 m. W. S. W. Harrisburg. 

Upper Tract, p. v., Pendlelon CO., Vii'ff. : on the W. 
side of S. branch of the Potomac r., 119 m. N. W. by W. 
Kichmond. 

Upper Trappe, p. v., Somerset CO., Md. ; on the N. side 
of Wicomico cr., 65 ra. S. E. Annapolis. 

Upper Ttgap.t, p. o., Carter co., A'y, : on Buffalo fork 
of Tygart cr., 102 m. E. by N. Frankfort. 

Uppef.ville, p. v., Fauquier co., Virg. : 103 m. N. by W. 
Richmond. It contains an academy, church, and several 
Btores, and about 350 inhabitants. 

Upper TAPJiouTn, p. v., Cumberland co., Me, : 41 m. 
8. W. by S. Augusta. 

Upsuub county, Tex. Situate toward the N. E., and con- 
tains 1,058 sq. m. Drained by Little Cypress r. and its 
branches, and affluents of Sabine and Big Cypress rivers. 
Surface undulating ; soil fertile, and favorable to the growth 
of cotton and corn. Grapes grow wild, and might with a 
little care be rendered a valuable article in the manufactur- 
ing of wines. It is thickly wooded, and is inlers])ersed 
■with numerous streams of pure running water. Farms 
240 ; manuf. ; dwell. 4S4, and pop.— wh. 2,712, fr. col. 0, 
Bl. CS2— total 8,394. Cupital: Gilmer. 

UpsnL'R, p. o., Preble co., Ohio: 95 m. W. by S. Colum- 
bufl. It was formerly called New Hope. 



Upson county, Ga. Situate W. centrally, and contains 
208 sq. m. Drained by branches of Flint r., which forma 
the S. W. and W. boundary. Surface uneven ; soil fertile, 
and is adapted t'> cotton, which is produced in abundance, 
and also to wheat and Indian corn, good crops of which 
are raised. A portion of the land is covered with pine. 
Some minerals are found. Farms 486; manuf. 19; dwell. 
795, and pop.— wh. 4.720, fr. col. 0, el. 4,704— total 9,424. 
Caj}ital: Thomaston. 

Upbonville, p. v., Susquehanna county, Penn.: 127 m. 
N. N. E. Harrisburg. 

Uptok, t and p. v., Worcester co.. Mum. : 31 m. W. 8. W. 
Boston. A tributary of Blackstone r. has its source in this 
town, and furnishes water-power. Surface rough and hilly. 
It has several manufactories, among which are wool and 
leather. The T. is on West r. Pop. of t in 1S40, 1,466; in 
1S50, 2,023. 

Upton, p. v., Dodge co., Wise. ; on W. of the W. branch 
of llock r., 51 m. E. N. E. Madison. 

Upton, p. v., Franklin co., Penn.: on a branch of Ihe 
Potomac r., 59 m. S. W. Harrisburg. 

Urbana, p. v., and cap. Champaign CO., 7//.: on S. side 
of Salt fork of Vermillion r., 76 m. E. N. E. SpringOcld. It 
contains a court-house and jail, and about 400 iuhabitants. 
The Chicago Branch of the Illinois Central E. F^ intersect* 
this place. 

Urbana, p. v., Frederick Co., Md.: on the E. side of 
Monocacy r., on the high ground between Back and Ben- 
nett's creeks, S4i m. W. N. W. Annapolis. 

URBinA, p. v., Hickory co.. Mo. : on the E. boundary of 
llie county, 72 m. S. W. JcCfcrson City. 

Uebana, t. and p. v., Steuben county, JK Y. : 193 m. W. 
Albany. A portion of Crooked lake is in the t. Drained 
by several small streams flowing into the lake. Surface 
hilly ; soil various. The v. is located at the S. end of the 
lake, at which point there is a landing. The t. contains 
numerous mills. Pop. of t. 2,079. 

Urbana, t., p. v., sta., and cap. Champaign co., Ohio : 
83 m. W. Columbus. The v. contains the county buildings, 
an academy, and several churches. Tlie Columbus, Piqua, 
and Indiana P.. E. and the Mad Kivcr and Lake Erie E. E. 
pass through the v., affording great facilities for trade. Two 
newspapers we issued weekly, " U. Expositor" (dcm.), and 
" U. Citizen and Gazette" (whig). Pop. of v. in 1840, 1,070 ; 
in 1850, 2,030. lop. of t (including v.) in 1S40, 1,8SG; 
in 1S50, 3,414. 

Urbane, p. v., Jackson CO., JU. : 155 m. 9. by E. Spring- 
Held. The Illinois Central K. E. passes 2} m. E. of this pl.ice. 
Ubbanna, p. v., and cap. Middlesex CO., Virg. : on 8. W. 
side of Kappahannock r., near the mouth of Urbanna cr., 
4G m. E. by H. Eichmond. It contains a court-house, jail, 
several stores, and about 200 inhivbitants. Considerable 
pine timber is exported. Steamboats plying between Bal- 
timore and Fredericksburg make this one of the slopping 
places. 

Urieville, p. v., Kent co., Md. : on the E. side of Mor- 
gan's cr. of Chester r., 27 m. N. E. Annapolis. 

Uksa, P.O., Adams co., lU. : 3 m. E. of the Mississippi r., 
91 m. W. by N. Springfield. 
Ursine, p. o., Grant co., TTisc. ; C9 m. W. by S. Madison. 
UsQUEPAUGU, p. v., Washington county, P. I.; IS im W. 
Newport. 



\ 



THE TEREITOEY OF UTAH. 



I 



Utah, originally a portion of California Alta, lies between latitudes 87° and 42°, and longitudes 106° and 120° west 
from Greenwich, or about 29° and 4.3° west from Washington. It is bounded north by Oregon, east by Nebraska and 
New Mexico, south by New Mexico, and south-west and west by California. In extreme length east and west 740 miles, 
and in breadth 840 miles, it contains an area estimated at 187.923 square miles. 

This territory occupies the great basin lying between the Kocky Mountains on one hand, and the Sierra Nevada on the 
Other; and with the exception of its eastern portion, drained by the Colorado and its tributaries, forms a distinct geo- 
graphical region, having mountains, rivers, and lakes all its own, and which originate and terminate within its natural 
Jimils. It is one of the most peculiar couulrjes of the world; and in many respects aaaimulates the topography of 



UTAH. 

« . _^ 

raltsdne, aDd like thai country has its Dead Sea, its ranuntain borders, its peculiar people as Palestine of old, and on its 
west the maritime Philistines of California. The eharaeteristies, historical, geograpliical, and Iheocratical, of llie two 
might be compared indefinilely : nor is the resemblance less striking in form of government, in manners, and in ciistonis. 
The physical elements of the countries are the same, and the mora! and religious, modified, however, by external associa- 
tions, only distinct in the perceptions of the sect.irian. 

The Great Btlsin, in which the larger portion of Tlah lies, says Dr. Bernhisel, is about 500 miles long east and west, 
by 260 miles breadth. It h.'is never been fully explored ; but .solar as it has been, a portion of it is found to consi.>t of arid 
and sterile plains, another of undulating table-lands, and a third of elevated mountains, a few of whose summits are 
capped with perpetual snow. Some portions of the basin abound in rich and nutricious grasses. There are within its 
limils many streams and lakes, and of the latter, the most remarkable is the Great Salt Lake, which is about TO miles in 
length, and 30 to 35 miles in breadth. Its waters are a saturated solution of muriate of soda or common salt. In'leed, 
they contain more salt than they are capable of lioldiug in solution ; and when low, considerable quantities of it are pre- 
cipitated to the bottom of the lake, or rather are there crystallized. No living creature can exist in this lake. A striking 
feature in the topography of this region is, that none of the streams or lakes have any visible outlet either to the Atlantic 
or Pacific Ocean. The sources of the Colorado are in the Kocky Mountains, lying in Oregon and New Mexico, and the 
country in their vicinity is unfit for cultivation. . 

No portion of that vast extent of country between the Great Basin and the Eocky Mountains is habitable excepting the 
valley of the Uintah, and perhaps that of tjreen River. The valleys known in the Great Basin are the Great Salt Lake 
Valley, Bear Uiver Valley. Utah Vidley, Vuab Valley, South Valley. Sevier Valley, and Sand Pitch Valley. The Great S.alt 
Lake Valley, which is much the largest, is about 115 Ut 120 miles iong, and from 20 to 40 broad, but the Salt Lake occupies 
the greater part of the northern portion of it. The surface of the centre of the valley is level, but ascends gently on either 
side toward the mountains. There is in the immediate vicinity of the city bearing the name of this lake, a warm saline 
mineral spring issuing from the base of a mountain, the temperature of which is lOSO, and two miles north of this is a 
similar spring, wiiose temperature is 125^ Fahr. The character of the best soil in the valleys that are inhabitable, is as 
follows: one portion of it is a vegetable loam, another a marly loam, and the third a gravelly shale containing some 
Bilica. The latitude of Great Salt Lake City is 4U0 4o' 44" north. The allilude is 4..300 feeL The climate is milder 
and drier in general thiin it is in the same parallel on the Atlantic coast. The temperature in the Salt Lake Valley in the 
winter setison is more uniform than that of the .\tlantic States in the same season, the thermometer rarely descending to 
zero. There is but little ra'n except on the mountains between the 1st May and the 1st October, and hence the necessity 
for irrigation in most places which are susceptible of it, Tlie other valleys bear a general resemblance to the Salt Lake 
Valley, except that they are much smaller ; South Valley being .30 miles long, by 20 broad ; Utah Valley about 60 long, by 
CO broad, and Sand Pitch Valley some 40 or 50 long, and perhaps 20 wide. The only timber to be found in this region is 
in the canons, on the banks of a few of the streams, and along the b.ises of some of the mountains. Wheat, rye, barley, 
buckwheat, oats, and Indian corn are its chief agricultural products; and all the garden vegetables peculiar to the Middle 
ond ■Western Sttites are produced in great perfection. Oitlon, sugar, and rice, are not susceptible of cultivation in the 
region described ; tobacco and sweet potatoes can be produced in limited quanUties. Only a few portions of the v.al!ey8 
are well supplied with water, and upon the rest but limited crops can be raised, as artificial irrigation in agriculture is 
indispens.ible to success. There are tracts of land of considerable extent in each of these valleys which are not susceptible 
of cultivation, because they can not be irrigated. 

:- But limited portions, therefore, adds Kr.astus Snow, even of the most fertile and warmest valleys in this region, can ever 
be made available for agricultural purposes, and only such as are adjacent to streams, and are well located for irrigatioo- 
Small valleys, surrounded by high mountains, are the most abundantly supplied with water, the stn-ams being fed by the 
melting snow and summer showers. Broad extended plains, whether level or broken, are generally arid and unproduc- 
tive. Such is the whole eastern portion of Ul.ah, including the valley of Green Eiver, and those of its Iributariea, which 
extend from the Sierra Madre on the east, to the Bear Itiver divide on the west, and from the Wind lliver Chain, and 
Cascade mountains on the north, to a point at the south where Green P.iver passes through ihe mountains, descending 
over rapids and cataracts, to the plains of the lower Colora<lo. Green Eiver Valley is about 150 miles square ; and though 
larger than several States of Ihe Union, yet its elevation is such, and it is so badly watered, that it is doubted whether a 
single spot in it is adapted to agriculture. There is, however, a small valley on the Uintah River, about CO miles south of 
Fort Bridger, which is, perhaps, the warmest and most inviting in this portion of Utahj and in which a settlement will 
probably be made. 

.. The Great Basin, although warmer than the eastern section, is, to a great extent, as arid and unproductive. A portion of 
a large desert, extending through the centre of the basin from north to south, and from the western shore of the Great 
Salt Lake toward the Sierra Nevada, was evidently once the bed of the lake, for various portions of it are covereil with 
incrustations of salt, and abound in salt springs, but are destilulc of fresh water. All the streams that have their sources 
in the eastern declivity of the Sierra Nevada for a distance of 500 miles, soon disappear beneath the surface, and none of 
them are known to disembogue Ihemselves either into Ihe lakes of the basin or into the Pacific Ocean. There are several 
small valleys and oases along the eastern base of the Sierra Nevada, hut these are included within Ihe limits of the State 
of California. By far the most desirable portions of the Great Basin are the valleys on its eastern border, skirted by the 
Wasatch Range, which extend from near the mouth of Bear River to the Rio Virgin. 

An analysis of the facts presented by Dr. Bernhisel and Mr. Snow, exhibils difiiculties of significant importance. The 
whole couiitrv is isolated from the Slates on either side, by mountains impassible except in a few gaps, and even through 
those during a great portion of the year. Its seclusion in the middle of the continent, in.leed, is m.ire complete than if 
snrroundedljv waters in the middle of the ocean ; and lis distance from the scttlemenls in Iowa, Missouri, and Arkansas, 
is too great to allow of any commercial connection. As to the latter point, witness the n.llowing statement: from Inde- 
pendence (on Missouri Eiver) to Fort Kearnv, is -(00 miles: from the latter to Fort Laramie, 306 miles; thence to the 
north fork of the Platte Eiver. 121 miles ; thence to Rock Independence, 50 miles ; thence to South I'a-s, 100 miles; thence 
to Fort Bridger, ItS miles; and thence to Salt Lake Cily. 113 mib-s; making a total ilisttince of 1.214 mile«. To this 
should be added, 400 miles between Independence and St. Louis, or in all 1.614 miles from the Great Salt Lake to the 
first considerable market. Ir>. tw part ofthh wrft triu-t rim tl,e riiin.i „f Itfiimn he relied upon to atii/ great ext-mt for 
the aitth'ution of the soil. The earth is (Uititide oftreex. and in greut part also of any reffetatinn w/iatener. Should 
the Great Pacific Railroad, however, be carried through this territory, the natural obs-acles to intercourse would in a gretjt 
measure be overcome, but at best, Utah must ever remain a country within itself naturally and politically, and as a 

869 



UTAH. 



member of tlie American Union, will ever be intlependcnt of ihat UniDn in all but iu tlieor>. Nor can the tbeoinglcal 
eystem beUi by the inhabiuuils uf Utah, have the sympathies of ihe moi-e dof^inalie sectaries of the oM Stales. The 
success of the Slate, then, depends on no external iuflaences ; but on the iulelligeut-'e and forces of the people within. 
Utah in 1850 was divided into seven counties,* the general statistics of which and the capitals of each were as follows: 

Capitals. 



Coiintieg. Dwell 

Davis 215 

Great Salt Lake 1,2S8 . 
Iron 86 

San Pete . . 



62 



Pop. 

.1,134 

6,15T 

. 360 

, 365 



Fnniis Manuf 
in cult. KsLiib. 



CapiuU. 

112 .. 1 .. Miller's Creek 
505 .. 6 .. Salt Lake City 
54 . . 2 . . Cedar City 
61 . . 1 . . Manli City 



I Counties. Dwell. 

Tooele 33 . 

I Utah 411 . 

Weber 227 . 



o Fnrma Miumf. 

*^°P' iiicuiU Esub. 

152 . . 27 . . . . Tooele City 
2.000 . . 144 . . 4 . . Prnvo City 
1.1S6 . . 33 . . 2 . . Ogden City 



The whole number of dwellings in the Territory was at the above date 2,322 ; of families, 2,322 ; and of inhabitants, 
^1,080 ; viz.. whites 11,330— males 6,022, and females 5.3)'S ; fr. col. 24— males 13, and females 12 ; si. 26. Of the whole 
population there were deaf and dumh, 0; Uind, 2; i/isune, 3; and idiotic, 2. The number of free persons born in 
the United States was 9,355 ; the number of foreign birth 1,990, and of birth unknown 9. The 7iuUve pt)pulation origiualed 
as follows : Maine 151. N. llamp. 123. Verm. 232, Mass. 350, K. I. 21, Conn. 193, N. T. 1,430, N. Jer. 96, Penn. 553. Del. 
17, M.l. 27. Dist. of Col. 1. Virg. 99, N. Car. 92, 6. Car. 53, Ga. 12, Flor. 4, Ala. C2, Miss. 119, La. 8, Tex. 7, Ark. 7, TeniL 
294, Ky. 250, Oh. 694^ Mich. 121, Ind. 3ii3, 111. 1,235, Mo. 519, la. 726, Wise. 30, Calif. 14, Territories 76, and Ihe foreign 
population was composed of persons from— Englan.l 1,056, Ireland lii6, Scotland 232, Wales 125, Germany 50, France 13, 
Spain 1, Porlugal 0, Belgium 0, Holland 0. Turkey 0. Italy 1, Austria 3, Switzerland 1, Poissia 1, Denmark 2, Norway 82, 
Sweden 1. Prussia 6. Greece 0, China 1, Asia 0, British America 388, Mexico 7, Central America 0, South America 0, West 
Indies 2. and other countries 12. 

. Tho general statistics of the industry and wealth of the Territory, as derived from the census of 1850 and other official 
returns, are as follows: 

Ocntpied Z«h^, ffc.— Improved farm land, 16,3-33 acres, and unimproved, 30,516; valued in cash at $311,799. The 
number of fjirms under cultivation on the 1st June, 1850. was 926. Value of farming implements and machinery, $34,283. 

Live .S<n(^/t-.— Horses, 5,429 ; asses and mules. 325 ; milch cows, 4,861 ; working oxen, 5,266 ; other cattle, 2,489 ; sheep, 
3,362. and swine, 914. Value of live-stock, $546,968. 

Products of AnimaU.—y^fifA, 9.222 pounds; butter, 83,309 pounds; cheese, 30,993 pounds, and the value of animals 
slaughtered during the year had been $67,985. 

Grain Crops.— Wheat, 107,702 bushels; rye, 210 bushels; Indian corn, 9,899 bushels; oats, 10,900 bushels; barley, 
1.799 bushels, and buckwheat, 332 bushels. 

Otfier Food Crojys.—Vcas and beans, 239 bushels ; potatoes— Irish, 43,968 bushels, and sweet 60 bushels. 

MificeUmieou9 O-cyis.— Tobacco, TO pounds; hay, 4,805 tons; clover-seed, 2 bushels; hops. 50 pounds; flax, 550 
pounds ; flax-seed. 5 bushels ; molasses, 58 gallons ; bees-wax and honey, 10 pounds, etc. Value of the produce of mar- 
ket-gardons, $23,363. 

Home-made Jifinittfictnrefi were produced to the value of $1,302. 

Manufactures. — In 1S50 there were sixteen manufacturing establishments producing to the annual value of $500 and 
opwiird. 

The ascertained value of all property, real and personal, assessed for taxation in 1S50 amounteti to $r.S6,083. 

Government. — The basis of the government of Utah is identical with that of New Mexico, except that in it there is no 
provision that "no citizen of the United States shall be deprived of his life, liberty, or property, except by the judgment of 
his peers or the laws of the land." {See Nkw Mexico, p. 552.) 

Jlistorical SA-etcJu—The territory, now called Utah, formerly constituted a portion of the Mexican province of California 
Alta, and as such passed into the possession of the United States by the treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, 2d February, 1848. 
Previous to the Mexican War, few white men, except those engaged in scientific explorations, had entered the country. 
About the period that the war had broken out, the Mormons were driven from their city of Nauvoo, in Illinois, by mob 
violence, and shortly afterward emigrated to the borders of the Great Salt Lake. Their settlements became prosperous 
and populous, and within two years afler the first pioneers bad entered the country their numbers had increased to about 
five thousand. After the ratification of peace, they found themselves without a government, and without protection for 
person or property. To remedy Ibis anomalous condition of the body politic, a temporary government was organized 
onder the style of "The State of Deseret," and under its sanction the usual governEncnt officials were elected. Cut the 
ultimate destiny of the country belonged to Congress, and that body, during the session of 1849-50, remanded the State 
back to a territorial condition under its present title. The increase of its population, however, continues to be so rapid, 
that it must at no distant period be admitted as a State, and whenever such an event is consummated Utah will, no doubt, 
form as bright an independency as the brightest star of our national galaxy. 

Fillmore Citv, in MUlard County, is the political capital of the Territ'>ry. 



Utah county, Utah Ter. fextends from the mountains 
W. of tlif Utah lake to the Kooky mountains, and is about 
half a degree in width. Green r. passes through it, and by 
its branches drains the whole eouutry. It is everywhere a 
hilly country, but has extensive and fertile valleys, in which 
agriculture is pursued with success. Farms 144 ; manuf. 4 ; 
dwell. 411. and pop.— wh. 1,991, fr. col. 9, si. 26— total 2,026. 
Capital: Provo City. 

Utah, p. o., Warren county, IU. : 90 miles N. W. by N- 
Springfield. 

Utah, p. v.. La Grange county, Ind. : at head waters of 
Pigeon r., 132 m. N. by E. Indianapolis. 



Utah. p. o., Lucas co., Ohio: 117 m.N. N. W. Columbus. 

Utah lake, Utah co., Ut^ih Ter. : S. by E. of Great Salt 
lake, to which it is connected by the river Jordan. It re- 
ceives Tinipanogoo r. and Spanish Fork, with other smaller 
streams from the K., nnd Utah r. from the S. 

Utah rivrr, L'ttdt Ter. : rises in W. part of San Pete co., 
flows W. into Juab county, where it takes a N. course, and 
empties into the S. end of the lake so called. 

Utah Lake, p. o., Utah county, Utah Ter. : 82 miles N. 
Fillmore City. 

Utica, p. v., Clark co., Ind.: on W. side of Ohio r., 5 m* 
below Charleston Landing, 130 m. S. by E. Indianapolis. 



* To lliese ha»e since been added the counties (if " Ile.ierl." enteuding from tlie Snlt Lake to tlie C.iliforni.in boiindnry— " Green Kiver." in llie 
N.E. p:\rt of llie territory—" .Millard. " in the S. W.— " Washin^lnn," in wiiUb half a degree, and runojog along the whole length uf theS. border, 
and " Yuiili," Ijing immediately N. of Millard County-»-m all twelve counties. 
870 



UTI 



VAL 



Utica, p. v., Mucomb co., Midi.: on E. side of Clinton 
r., 76 mik-s E, by S. Lansing. It contains an iron foundry, 
several mills, stores, etc., an academy, and 3 churches. 

Utica, p. v., Hinds co., Miss. : 29 m. \V. S. W. dm-k»oii. 

Utica, p. v., Livingston co., Mo. : on ?. side of GrHrid r.( 
at Uie bead of stearabnat navigation, 113 m. N. "W. JeUeraun 
City. 

Utioa. p. 0., Dane co., TT7.?(?. 

Utioa, p. city, Oneida co., ^V, Y. : on S. side of Mohawk 
r., S4 m. W. N. W. Albany, direct, by railroad 95 ni. Lat. 
(Dutch church) 43° OG' 49" N., long. 750 13' W. The city is 
built upon ground rising from the river toward tlie S., and 
commands a beautiful prospect of Ihe Mohawk valley. It 
ia laid out with general regularity, with spacious streets, 
many of which are 100 feet wide, and is well built, having 
many fine blocks of stores and elegant dwellings. It on- 
tains a court-house, 20 churches, 2 orphan as>iuuia, a good 
public market, 5 banks, witli aggregate capital of $l.0in,200, 
1 savings bank, and 2 insurance compjinies. The Slate 
Lunatic Asylum ia located about 1 m. Vi'. ^lt the centre of 
the city, on elevated ground, with splendid buildings, sur- 
rounded by a farm of 160 acres. In l^oO it contained 449 
inmates, 2"2G males, and 223 females. The total cost of these 
buildings at completion, according to the plan proposed, 
will be about $aOU,000. Much attention is given to educa- 
tion in the public schools, private aca<iemie3, etc. There 
are two flourishing incorporated seminaries, one for males, 
and the other for females, of which the latter especially has 
a high rt'pulalion ; also three literary associations. 

Utica is surrounded by one of the best agricultural and 
ipanufaeturiiig districts in the Union. Its connections by 
Uie Erie and Chenango canals, and the great line of rail- 
roads from Albany to Buffalo, which pass through the city, 
give it grejit advant;iges^or trade. I3y railroad, it is Ts m. 
from Schenectady, 53 m. from Syracuse, 225 m. from IJuflalo. 
The Erie Canal has here been enlarged to 70 feet wide and 
7 feet deep, presenting a fin& appL-arance from several Ijcau- 
tiful bridges by wliich it is spanned. A culvert between the 
canal and the river cost about $10o,OO0. The principal 
manufactures carried on in the cily are those of iron and 
machinery, leather, carriages, and flour; but the snntikr es- 
(ablishmenta are verj' numerous and various. The news- 
paper press in ISoO comprised IS issues: viz., 4 dailies, 
"Evening Observer"' (dem.), "Oneida Whig,'' "Oneida 
Herald-' (whig), and " Utiea Gazette" (whig), each of w Inch 
issued weekly editions; 5 other weeklies, "Utica Democrat"' 
(free soil), "Gospel Messenger" (tree soil), "American liap- 
list,"''New York Baptist Eegister," and "American Mes- 
senger" (relig.); 3 temperance papers, "Utica Teetotaller," 
" Cadet's Banner," and '■ Central City Cadet," the last two 
semi-monthly; and 1 monthly, "The Mirror" (relig.) 

Utica stands upon the site of old Fort Schuyler, erected 
In 175S, during the French War. In 1794 it contained four 
inferior houses ; in 179S it was incorporated as a village, and 
received its present name; in 1317 it was incorporated as a 
town, and in 1S32 received its city charter. It is divided 
into six wards, and governed by a mayor and 12 aldt-rmen, 
elected annually. Fop. in 1S30, 6,323; in 1^40, 12,7S2; in 
1850, 17,505. 

Utica, p. v., Van Bnren co., /*/. : 63 m. S. 3. W. Iowa 
City. 

Utica, p. v., Licking co., Ohio: on E. side of N. fork of 
Licking river, 47 m. by the Central Ohio, and the Sandusky, 
Mansfield, and Newark K. it. from Columbus. Pup. 420. 

Utica, p. v., Venango county, Penn. : ou the W. side of 
Yenango r., 173 m. W. N. W. Harrisburg. 

Utica Mills, p. v., Frederick co., MiL : on Fishing cr. 
branch of Monocacy r., 5S m. N. W. Annapolis. 
Utoy, p. v., Dekalb county, Ga.: 91 miles N. "W. by N. 

Milledgeville. The Macon and Western li. U. passes about 

4 m. W. of the village. 
Utter's Cobsees, p. 0., Walworth co., Wine: bS m. S. E. 

Madison. 



Uvalde county, 7kF. Situate centrally, and contaiusabout 
1,3011 sq. m. Drained by the Kio Frio and its branches, and 
branches of Nueces r., which runs on its W. border. Surface 
varied, Ihe N. portion being hilly and rather niounUiinous, 
but in the S. it is undulating, au'l the land more capable of 
cultivation ; sod in general a dark calrarmus Inarn, and in 
parts very fertile, and producing abumlandy corn, wheat, 
coiton, tobacco, indigo, and various culinary vegetables. 
The nopal, or prickly pear, abounds, forming thick hedges, 
and covering a large portion of land in the co. ; the fruit of 
this tree attains a large size, and has an excellent flavor. It 
contains good prairie.and timber land. 

UwciiLAND, I. and p. o., Chester county, Pt'iin. : S5 miles 
E. S. E. Ilarrisbnrg. Drained by Brandywini* creek, which 
affords good water-power. Surface plan-', witli a slight tle- 
clination ; soil fertile, principally a sandy loiun wiili clay. 
It contains several stores and a numlicr of mills and facto- 
ries, and has a p(>pulalion of about l,(ii)0. 

UxBRiPGE, t,, p. v., and sta., Worcester co,, Muss. : 36 m. 
S. W. IJo?ton. The Elackstnne r. crosses the K. part of t. 
Drained by tributaries of Bl.ickstone r., and has good water- 
jiower. It contains several manulactories. The Uxbridge 
Woolen Company, and Messrs. Wheelock's establishment 
manufacture over 300,000 yards of woolen goods annually. 
The V. is on the Providence and Worcester II. 11., IS miles 
S. E. Worcester, and contains a bank, capital $100,000, 2 
churches. There are deposits of iron orij here, and a fine 
species of granite is quarried. Pop. of t. 2,457. 



V. 



Tail's Cross Uoads, p. o., Morrow county, OJiio: 44 m. 
N. by E. Columbus. 

Tail's Gate, eta.. Orange county, i*r. }'..• on Newburg 
Branch K. K., 5 m. S. W. from Newburg, S6 miles S. by W, 
Albany. 

Tail's Mills, p. o., Fulton co., N'. Y. : 52 m. W. N. W.- 
Albany. 

Talatie, p. v., Columbia county, iV. }'. ; at confluence of 
Tahiti.- and Kinderliook creeks, 2 miles N. E. KuitU-rhook, 
19 m. S. byE Albany. It contains 4 large cotton factories, 
some other mills, 2 iron foundries, 3 churches, etc. Pop. 
about 1,650. 

Talcocr island, K. Y.: on Lake Champlain 5 miles 
S. by E. Plattsburg. 3 m. long, and 1 m. wide. 

Taleene, p. v.. Orange coujity, Ind. : So miles S. by W. 
Indianapolis. ^ 

Tale Mills, p. o., Giles co., Tenyi. : 66 m. S. by W. 
Nashville. 

Talencia county, A' J/tfa*. Situate 9. E., and covers a 
large territory extending between 32° and 35° N. lat, and 
between Texas on the E. and the Kio Grande on the W. 
The Sierra Blanco f(»IIow3 the course of the Uio (irrande at a 
distance of about 40 m., and is the watershed of the coun- 
try, dividing the Pecos from the great river nn the W. It 
abounds in gold and silver, etc., and at many places mining 
was once extensively engaged in. The Guadalupe mta. 
also extend N. into this county, and beyond them are seve- 
ral detached elevations. Tlie settl«ment3 are all on the Kio 
Grande, the E. portion being a wilderness. Farms 1,879; 
manuf. 1 : dwell. 2.S77, and pop.— wli. 14,147, fr. col. 0— 
total 14.147. OipiUd: Talencia. 

Vaucstia, p. o., Shelby county, Ohio: 4S m. W, N. W. 
Columbus. 

Talle Crccis. p. o., Ashe co., N. Car. : 164 m. W. by N. 
Haleigh. Here is an Episcopal missionary school. 

Tallejo. p. v., Solano county, ('alif. : and capital of the 
State of California, is situated on the Napa StraiLs 25 miles 
N. N. E. San Francisco. The permanent location of the 
seat of govenmient at this place is not certain, the legisla- 
ture of 1S52-3 having adjourned to Benicia ou Suisuri bay, 
S miles E. by S. Tallejt). The present general interests of 
Talltyo are entirely agricultural and grazing. The eminence 

371 



VAL 



VAN 



(Jesignated for the capitol buildings commanda an extensive 
prospect of beautiful scenery. 

"VaU-ey, p. o., Tazewell county, Virg.: 230 m. W, by S. 
Bicbnioi.d. 

Vallky Falls, p. o., Providence co., R,I,: on E. side 
of Blackstone r., 30 miles N. Newport Here are large fac- 
tories of print goods, running al)out 15,000 spindles, and 
making over 8,Uii0„U00 yards per ;innum. 

Valley Forge, p. v. and sta., Cheater co., Penn. : on the 
8. side of the Schuylkill r., near the mouth of Valley creek, 
70m.E. Harrisburg. It contains several factories and mills, 
which are also numerous upon liie banks of the stream 
above. The Philadelpliia and lieading K. E. passes 
through, 23 ra. from Philadelphia. 70 in. from Potlsville. 
This locality is of historical interest, from having been the 
winter quarters of the American army iii ITTT-S. 

Valley Giiove, p. o., Monroe co., Ark. : G7i m. E. by S. 
Little Rock. 

Valley Geove, p. o.. Do Soto county, MUs. : 163 m. N. 
Jackson. 

Valley Head, p. o., Dc Kalb co., Ala.: 159 m. N. by E. 
Montgomery. 

Vallky Pp.aieie, p. o., Barry co.. Mo. : 154 m. S. W. by S. 
Jefferson City. 

Valley Town, p. o., Cherokee county, 2T. Car. : 304 m. 
W. by S. Ealeigh. 

Vallonia Springs, p. c, Broome co., N'. Y. : lOS m. 
W. S. W. Albany. 

Valoma, p. v., Jackson co., Irid^ : 62i m. S. Indianapolis. 

Valparaiso, p. v., and cap. Porter co., Ind. : ou E. side 
of Salt cr., 128 ra. N. N. V»'. Indianapolis. It contains the 
county buildings, 3 hotels, churches, etc. First -settled in 
1836. The " Practical Observer" (dem.) is here published. 

Van Bueen county, Ark. Situate N. centrally, and con- 
tains 1,450 sq. m. Drained by Little Red r. and its branches. 
Surface varied; soil fertile, and adapted to corn and graz- 
ing. Good crops of wheat are raised, and there is some 
fine timber on the land. Farms 3S0 ; manuf. ; dwell. 44S, 
and pop.— wh. 2,761, fr. col. 0, si. 103— total 2,S64. Capital: 
Clinton. 

Van Buren county, la. Situate S. E., and contains 450 
sq. m. Des Moines r.. a tributary of the Mississippi, flows 
through it from N. W". to S. E., by which ami its branches 
it is drained. Surface undulating, in parts hitly; soil fer- 
tile. It is a fine mineral country, and iron, copper, and tin 
ores are found abundantly. Marble of excellent quality is 
quarried here. Farms 998; manuf. 23; dwell. 2.069, and 
pop.^wh. 1-2.266. fr. col. 4— total 12,270. Capital: Keo- 
eauque. Puhlic Work^: Des Moines River Improvements. 

Van Buren county, 3Iich. Situate S. W. of the South- 
em Peninsula, and contains 620 sq. m. Drained by Paw- 
paw r. and its branches ; in the central part, by S. branch of 
Black r., and Brush and Dowagiake creeks, which supply 
good water-power. Surface level; soil fertile, the chief 
productions of wliieh are, wheat, Indian corn, and potatoes. 
The Pawp:iw r. is navigable for boats 70 m. from its mouth. 
Farms 409 ; manuf. 18 ; dwell. 1,053, and pop.— wh. 5,800, 
ft", col. 0— total 5,800. Capital: Pawpaw. Puhlic Works: 
Micliigan Ceutr.il R. R. 

Van Bueen county, Te^in. Situate N. centrally, and 
contains 312 sq. m. Drained by Laurel cr. and other 
branches of Caney fork of Cumberland r., which flows on 
its N, border. Surface undulating ; s(»il fertile, and adapted 
to wheat and grain. Farms 192 ; manuf. 5 ; dwell. 404, and 
pop.— wh. 2,4S1, fr. col. IS, si. 17&— total 2,674. Capital: 
Spencer. 

Van BntEN, p. v., De Kalb co., Ala,: on E. side of 
"Will's cr., 132 m. N. by E. M<mtgomery. 

Van Bueen, p. 0., De Kalb co., ///. .• 147 m. N. N. E. 
'Springfield. 

Van Ruuen, p. o., Anderson co., Ey.: 18 m. S. by W, 
Prank fort. 

Van Burkn, p. v., and cap. Crawford co., Ark. : o« N. 
872 



side of Arkansas r., 124 m. W. N. "W. Little Rock. It eon- 
tains the county buildings, several stores, etc., and has con- 
siderable river trade. The '* Van Buren Intelligencer" 
(dem.) is issue*! weekly. Pop. 547. 

Van Bcken, p. <i., Clay co., Ind.: 55 ra. W. S. W. In- 
dianapolis. The Terre Haute and Richmond R. R. passes 
near it, UJ m. from Terre Haute. 

Van Bukkn. p. o., Itawnmba co.. Miss.: on W. side of 
Tombigbee r., 165 m. N. E. by N. Jackson. Pop. about 100. 

V-AN BaREN, p. v., and cap. Ripley co., Mo. : on E. bank 
of Current r., 123 in. S. E. by S. Jefferson City. It contains 
the county buildings and several dwellings. 

A' AN Buren, t, and p. o., Onondnga co.. N. Y. : on S. side 
of Seneca r.. 144 m. W. by N. Albany. Surface undulating. 
Drained by Cunip brook and other streams flowing S. into 
Seneca r. The Oswego and Syracuse R. R. passes through 
its N. E, part, and the Erie Canal touches its S. border at 
Canal p. o. It contains mills of various kinds, and has 
considerable manufactures. Pop. of t. 3,873. 

Van Buren, p. o., Hancock co., Ohio : 95 m. N. W. by N. 
Columbus. 

Van Buren, p. o., "Washington co., Penn.: ISO m. W. 
Harrisburg. 

Van Buken, p. v., Hardeman county, Tenn.: 144 m. 
S. W. by "\V. Nashville. 

Van Buren Centre, p. o., Onondaga co.. JV'. Y.: 9 m. 
"W. N. W. Syracuse, 143 ra. "W. by N. Albany. 

Van Buren Furnace, p. o., Shenandoah co., Yirg.: 
116 m. N. "\V. by N. Richmond. 

Van Buren Harbor, p. v., Chautauqne co.. K Y.: on 
E. side of Lake Erie, 295 m. "W. Albany. The Buffalo and 
State Line R. R. passes near it, 4 m. from Dunkirk. It is 
regularly laid out, and has a convenient landing. 

Vanoehobo', p. v., ^'iunebagoicounty, III.: 177 ra. N 
Springfield. 

Vanceiu-ro, p. v.. Lewi9C0.,£'y. .• on S. bank of Ohio r., 
93 m. E. N. E. Frankfort. It contains a fevf stores, shops, 
etc. A good bed of copperas, a tine limestone quarry, and 
clay suitable for stone-ware and flre-brick are found in the 
vicinity. 

Vance's Ferry, p. o., Orangeburg district, S. Car. : on 
S. W. bank of Santee r., 50 m. S. E. by S. Columbia. 

Vanceville, p. 0., "Washington co., Peym. : 165 m. "W. 
Harrisburg. 

Van Clrvestille, p. o., Berkeley co., Virg. : 128 m. 
N, by "W. Richmond. 

Vancouver (Fort), v., Clark co., Ore{;. Ter.: on N. 
bank of Columbia r., 12 m. above the mouih of Willamette 
r., 60 m. N. N. E. Salem. Columbia Barracks, at this 
place, is a U. S. military post garrisoned by artillery. 

Vandalta, p. v., and cap. Fayette co.. III. : on W. bank 
of Kaskaskia r.. 66 m. S. E. by S. Springfield. Lat 38° 50' 
N., long. 89° 02' W. Its site is high, undulating, and wag 
originally a timbered tract. It was selected by commis- 
sioners, with 4 sections of land, granted by Congress in 
ISIS, for the seat of government for 20 years. The capital 
was remove*! to Springfield July 4th, 1S39. It was regu- 
larly laid out, with streets SO feet wide, and crossing at right 
angles. In the centre is a public square, on elevated ground, 
containing the public buildings formerly used by the State. 
It also cr.nlains a U. S. land-office and &e\eral churches. 
The "Fayette Yeoman"' is published weekly. From the 
important railroad connections which Vandalia will soon 
have with all parts of the State, it promises to become one 
of the greatest thoroughfares of trade and travel in IHinois. 
The railrnjiris nlrcady in construction to pass throngh it are, 
Illinois Central R. R.; Massac and Sangamon P. R. ; and 
Mississippi and Atlanlic R. K. The National R.md has pre- 
viously been of much benefit. The surroimding country 
near the river is heavily timbered, and a few miles back 
are extensive prairies. Pop. about 1,100. 

Vandalia, p. o., Owen county, Ind.: 51 miles 8. W. 
Indianapolis. 



VAN 



VER 



Yanpalia. p. o.,Ca5s co., MicJi. : 96 m. S. "W. Latisiiii;. 

Vandalia, p. o., Montgomery co., Ohio : 2 m. "W. of 
Miami r. and canal, 02 m. W. by S. Columbus. 

Vanderbprg county, ]nd. Siluatft S. W\ un Ohio r., nuil 
contains it40 sq. m. Drained by Big Pigeon, Blue Grass, 
Little, and l.ociist cneks. Tlie succ^ssi'in of bottoms, hills, 
and table-Iaini. characteristic of the river counties, is here 
maintained. The uplands arc undulating or rolling; soils 
everywhi-re productive. Farms T4-3 ; manuf. 76; dwell. 
2,659, and p,.p.— wh. II.IS". fr. col. 22T~total 11,4U. Cap- 
ital: Evansville. Pnhlle Work^ : Wabash and Erie Canal, 
and Evansville and Illinois R. K. 

Tan Deusen-vili.k, p. v. and sta., Berkshire co., Mc^is. : 
on W. side of Ilousatonic r., IIT m. W. by S. Boston. The 
Berksliire ll. R. passes throusih the v.. 23 ni. from Pittsfield, 
and ihe Stuckliridgo R. R. extinds hence to the Slate line. 

Van Dyke's Mux, p. o., Spencer county, A'y. .* 26 m. 
W. S. W. Frankfort. 

Van Ettonville, p. o., Chemung co., iV. Y.: 156 m. 
"W. by S. Albany. 

Van Gi"ndy's, sta., Murgan co.. PI. : on Sangamon and 
Morgan R. R., 5(1 ni. from Springfield, 5 m. E. from Naples. 

Van Hill, p. o., Uawkins co., Tenn.: 215 m. E. by N. 
Nashville. 

Van lIisETiLLE, p. 0., Mercer county, IT.Jer. 

Van Hook's Store, p. o., Person county, N'. Car. : 47 m. 
N-N-W. Raleigh. 

Van Hornesville, p. o., ITerkiraer co., N. Y. : 60 ra. 
"W. N. W. Albany. 

Vanlue, p. o., Hancock county, Ohio: 74 m. N. by W. 
Columbus. 

Vannoy's Mill, p. o., Pike county, Mo.: 67 m. N. E. 
Jefferson City. 

Vann's Valley, p. o., Floyd co., Ga. : 146 m. N.W. by "W. 
Mille(1i;eville. 

Vann's Valley, p. o., Delaware CO., Ohio : 20 m. N. N. E. 
Col u ml I VIS. 

Van Syckles, p. o., Ilunterdon co., R. Jer. : at foot of 
Museonetong Mountain, 31 m. N. N. W. Trenlrm. 

Van Wert county, Ohio. Situate W. toward the N..and 
contains 396 sq. m. Drained by St. Mary's and Little Au- 
glaize rivers, and other small streams. Surface level ; soil 
varied ; in some portions consisting of a fine black mold, 
while in many parts it is sandy and of a light formation ; it 
is however in general fertile, and very productive. A dense 
forest of pine and other limber covers a large portion of llie 
county. Farms 317; manuf. 13; dwell. 7S6, and pop.— 
■wh. 4,766, fr. col. 47— toUd 4.S13. CapiUil : Van Wert. 
PuUic Works: Ohio and Indiana R. R. ; Miami Canal, etc. 

Van Wert, p. v., and cap. PauMin*; co., Ga.: 130 m. 
"W. N. W. Milledgeville. It contains the county buildings, 
an academy, and church. Pop. about 150. 

Van Wert, p. v., an<l cap. Van Wert co., Ohio: 10r> m. 
N. W. by W. Columbus. It contains a courl-house, jail, 
etc. The Olno and Indiana R. R. will pass near this place. 
Two Democratic papers are published : " Van Wert Demo- 
crat," and "Section Ten Budget" Pop. 270. 

Vanzandt county, Tex. Situate toward the N. E., and 
contains 919 sq. m. Drained by affluents of Sabine and 
Neches rivers, and numerous small streams. Surfac* undu- 
lating and diversified ; soil fertile, and is generally jim- 
ductive and favorable t^i the growth of cotton and corn. It 
has snnie beds of iron ore, and is thickly covered with 
forest trees. Farms 13S ; manuf. 4; dwell. 246. auii pn;!. — 
whites 1,30S, free col. 0, si. 40— total 1,34S. Capital: Jor- 
dan's Saline. 

Varennks, p, v., Anderson dist, S. Car. : on W. side of 
Eocky r., 94 m. W. by N. Columbia. 

Varick, t. and p. o., Seneca county, K. Y. : 160 m. W. 
Albany. It is bounded E. by Cajiiga lake, and W. by 
Seneca lake. Surface somewhat elevated in the middle; 
soil fertile. The inhabitants are generally engaged. in 
fiirming. Pop. 1,8T2. 



Vauiety Mills, p. o., Xelson o>.. Tirg. : 85 m. W. by N, 
Riehnmud. It cmiiains several dw(_dbngs and n few mills. 

Varna, p. v., Tompkins county. A'. 1' ; 140 m. W. by S. 
Albany, on Fall cr.. w bich aflfords wuter-power U) several 
mills. Pop. about 200. 

Varysuiti-.g, p. v., Wyoming co., J^. Y. ; on E. side of 
head branch of Tonawamla creek, 236 m. W. Albany. It 
contains several mills and stores, and 2 churches. Pop. 
about 250. 

Vassalboro', t. and p. o., Kennebec co., Mfi. : on E.side 
of Kennebec r., 10 m. N. by E. Augusta. Vessels come 
from tlie ocean to this t. by means of the dam and lock at 
Augusta. It contains several large ponds, the outlets from 
two of which furnish water-power. There is a large num- 
ber of tanneries, grist and saw mills, etc., in the t. Popu- 
lation 3.099. 

Vaugiiansville, p. 0., Putnam co., Ohio: 120 m. N. "W. 
Columbus. 

Vauchan Valley, p. o., Rutherford co., Tentf.: 80 m. 
S. E. Nashville. 

Vblasco, p. v., Brazoria county. 7e,r. ; at the mnuih of 
the Brazos r., 170 m. S. E. by E. Austin City. Tliis place 
early received a business impulse from the settlement of 
capitalists in the village and vicinity. The Brazus is here 
about 300 yards wide, with a good harbor. The village has 
some coasting trade, and promises to become one of the 
moat important places on the coast of Texas. 

Vexa.ngo county, Peiin. Situate toward th£ N. W., and 
contains 692 sq. m. Alleghany r. passes tlirougli its central 
portion, by which and ils branches it is drained. Surface 
un<iulating; anil fertile, and produces excellent crops of 
wheat. Inilian com. and potatoes. It has good gr.izing 
lajid, on which large numbers nf cattle and hogs are fat- 
tened — enough to supply the neighboring market**. Farms 
1.730 ; manuf. 7'2 ; dwell. 3,066. and pop.— wh. 1S.2TU, fr. col. 
40— total 1S,310. Oipital: Franklin. Piil.lic Work.'^: Al- 
leghany Valley R. R. ; Pittsburg and Erie R. R. ; Franklia 
Canal and R. R. 

Venango, p. o., Crawford co., Pc^nw. .• 193 m.N.W. by W, 
Harrisburg. 

A'enice. t. and p. o., Cayuga county. iV Y. : 144 m. "W 
Albany. Surface rolling ; sinl gravelly and clay loam. 
Drained S. by Salmon cr. The inhabilants are generally 
engaged in* farming. Pop. 2,028. 

Venice, p. v., Erie co., Ohio : on S. side of Sandusky 
bay. at entrance of Cold cr., 99 m. N. by E. Columbus. It 
contains a large flouring-mill and some others, a few, ware- 
houses and stores. The Junction R. R. from Toledo to 
Sandusky, will pass Ihrough this place. Pop. about 450. 

Venice, p. o., Washington county, Pmn. : 160 m. "W 
IT-.irrisburg. 

Venue, p. o., Shiawassee co., 3!ich.: 25 m. E. N. E. 
Lansing. 

Venice, p. o., Matlison co., lU. : on E. side of Mississippi 
river, 82 m. S. S. W. Springfield. 

Vera Cuuz, p. o., Wells co., Ind. : 80 m. N. E. by Iff. 
Indianapolis- 

Verbank. p. o., Duchess co., K. Y. : 62 m. S. Albany. 

Verotkrville, p. 0., Orange co., Mrg. : 5S m. N. "W. 
Richmond. 

Vekdon, p. c, Hanover co., Virg.: 22 m. N. Richmond. 

VEBGENNE8, p. 0., Jacksou couuty, III.: 184 m. S. by B. 
Sprin afield. 

Vbrgrnnes. p. o., Kent co.. J/iVTi. .* 44 m. N. W. Lansing. 

Vergbnnks, p. city. Addison co.. Verm. : is beautifully 
situated on Otter cr.. at the head of navigation, 7 m. from its 
mouth, 33 m. W. by 9. Montpelier. OH-t cr. is here about 
.MIO feet wide, and is divided by two islands, forming three 
channels, and separate falls of 37 feet each, furni-^hing im- 
mense water-power. The city is neatly buill, and presents 
a very picturesque appearance. The factories, mills, and 
tanneries, improving the water-power of the cr. are nniner- 
oufl. The manufacture of iron, obtained from M-^-nkton, Is 

873 



VERMONT 



carried on extensively. The city contains 1 bank, cap. 
$100,000. :in academy, an Unucd Stales arsenal ami ordi- 
nauce dep6t. ami 3 eluirclies. The liulland and Burling- 
ton R. R. passes thrnugh, 03 m. from BelUnvs Falls. 22 m. 
from Burltngion. OUer cr. is 8omewh.it crooked between 
the city ami the Uilie, but -vessels of 300 tons can corae 
to the wharves. Vergetines was first settled in 17C6, and 
incorporated in USS. Here was fitted out the squa-lron of 
M'Donou<;h. which achieved the celebrated victory of Platts- 
burg.Sepl. nth. 1814. The" VergenneaVermonter" (whig) 
is published weekly. Pop. in 1S40, 1,01T; In 1S50, 1,878. 

Vermillion county. III. Situate E., and contains 1,20S 
sq. m. l)r;une<I by Big and LitHe Vermillion rivers and 
theit affluents, which traverse the co. N. and S. Surface 
Undulating; a large portion is prairie. Soil feilile, and pro- 
dnces wheat and grain in aljundance. Farms 1,269; nianuf. 
16; d.vell. 1,985. and pop.— wh. 11.4S2, fr. col. Ill— total 
11,492. Capital: Danville. Public Work^: Great Western 
Central E. R. 

Vermillion county, Ind. Situate W., between Wabash 
r. and the Illinois State line, and contains 2S0 sq. ra. Nu- 
merous streams, of which Big and Little Vermillion rivers 
are the principal, and tributaries of the Waliash, drain the 
land. Surface high and level, with some bluffs, and two- 
tliirds of the whole is covered with forest. Soils excellent. 
Coal is abundant, and extensive beds of iron ore are found 
on Brouillefs creek. Farms 733; manuf. 46; dwell. 1,509. 
and pop.— wh. 8,643, fr. col. 18— total 8,661. CapikU: New- 
purL 

Vermillion parish, Ln. Situate S. W.. and contains 
1,545 aq. m. Drained by small streams of Vermillion river. 
Surface generally le^ el, and mu<'h of it covt-red with pine 
foieat and other timbers ; soil fertile, and, with cultiva- 
tion, producing rice, cotton, sugar, etc., which ionn its 



staple. It contains part of Mermcntan lake in ils western 
poriiiin, and small liaym nf the lake whii-h indent its cnast. 
On the L-u^lertl side is Verniillinn bay, a large expanse of 
water, and washing part of the shore of St. Mary's co. in the 
N. W. In the extreme S. E. is Grand -Island, separated 
from it by Grand Bass. Farms 198 ; manuf. 0; dwell. 40S 
and pnp.— wh. 2,328, fr. col. 14, si. 1,ij67— toud 3,4li9. CapU 
Uil : La Fayette. 

Vermillion, p. o., Oswego co., N'. Y. : 130 m. W. N. W. 
Albany. 

VKR.\nLLiON, t., p. v., and port, Erie co., Ohio: 98 m. 
N. N. K. Columbus. Bounded N. by Lake Erie. The t 
coniains large tleposils of iron ore. which is much wrought. 
The v. at the mouth of Vermillion r. has a convenient har- 
bor, improvi-d by U. S. GovernmeiiL lla impor;s, In 1848, 
anitjunled lo $150,000 ; expr)rL3, $207,200- I-)[al lake trade, 
$307,200. The Junetion R. It. from Toledo to Cleveland 
will p;L''3 through this place. Pop. oft. 1,515. 

Vkrmillion river. III. : rises in Livingston co., flows 
N. W., and empties into Illinois r., at the toot of the rapids 
in La Salle co. It furnishes good water-power by falls and 
rapids in its lower part. On ils banks are valuable quarries 
of limestone, coal, and sandstone. 

Vkrmillion river and bay, La. : the r. rises in St. Landre 
par., ami flows S. into W. part of Vermillion bay. It is 
navigable to Vermillionville. The bay is about 20 m. long, 
with the same width, and has 10 or 12 feel water, but not 
more than 5 feet on the bar at its entrance. C6te Blanche 
bay connects it with tlie Gulf of Mexico. 

Vermillionville, p. v.. and cap. La Fayette par., La.: 
50 m. W. by S. Baton Rouge. It is situated on a beautiful 
plain, H tn. fmm W. bank of Vermillion r., at the head of 
navig:ition, and contains the county buildings, etc. Pop. 
about 250. 



THE STATE OF VERMONT. 



Vermont, so called from the verdant aspect of its mountains, lies between 42"^ 44' and 45"^ latitudes north, and between 
71° 33' and 73° 26' longitudes west from Greenwich, or between 8° 36' and 5° 24' east from Washington. It is bounded 
on the north- by Lower Canada, on the east by New Hampshire, on the south by Ma.'«achuselts, and on the west by 
New York. Its eastern boundary is formed by the C<tnnecticut River, and on the west it is sepiirated from New Yoit 
chiefly by Lake Champlain. The length of Ihe State from north to south is 157 miles, an<I its breadth from east to west 
from 40 to 92 mih'S. its widest part being on the northern State line. The superficial area of the country is estimated to 
contain 10,212 square miles. 

The surface of Vermont, wi th some slight exceptions, is mountainous. The most striking feature in ils topography is 
the range called the Green Mountains, which traverses the State in a direction north and south. Southward it is eimlin- 
ued into Massachusetts, where it is known under the name of the Iloosic Mountains. In the centre oftlie State this ridgo 
bifurcates: one branch, the Western, and principal, continuing in a northerly direction, sinks down gradually, and 
terminates near the norlhcm boundary; anil the other, or Kastern branch, called also the "Height of Land," sirikes a 
course to the north-east, iind, passing into Canada, is Inst on the shores oftlie St. Lawrence. The latter divides the streams 
of lakes Champlain and Meraphremagog from the tributaries of the Connecticut, while the former, though loflier, pre- 
sents a more broken outline, and is cut through by several rivers. It is n curious fact that this immense barrier has a 
passage through it, even without any high hills, and the sonlhern branch of the Onion Rivrr. wliich passes through it and 
flr)ws into Lake Champlain, has its source very nf-ar to, if not in, the same swamp with the head waters of White River, 
which flows into the Connecticut. The Vermont Central Railroad also passes ahmg these streams without any consider- 
able elevations or depressions, although near the base of Camel's Rump, one of the highest peaks of llic range. The part 
of the mountains which traverses the southern portion of the Slate forms the watershed between the Uud.son and Con- 
necticut rivers. The base of these mountains varies from ten to fifteen miles in width. Beautiful and fertile valleys 
intersect them everywhere, and the slopes are covered with growths of small evergreen trees and shrubs, and Ihe sum- 
mits with green mosses and winter grasses. There are many flue farms among Ihe hills, and much of the l;md upon 
them is excellent for grazing. Before the mountain bifurcates, the highest summit is Killingtnn Peak. 3,r»75 feet above 
the level of the sea; but there are two higher culminations after it divi'Ies, and which are in the western range: these are 
Camel's Rump, on Xhe south side of Onion River, which is 4.18S feet high ; and Mansfield Mountain, tlie highest of .all, 
whieh is 4.279 feel high. Ascutney is an isolated mountain in the town of Windsor, nciir the Connecticut, the apex (tf 
which is 3.320 feet above tide-water. In the neighborhoods of Lake Charnjilain and Ihe Connecticut River the coimtry 
is only modcrnlely uneven, and in many places extensive level tracts are found, which form a striking contrast to the gen 
eral features of the country. 

The Connecticut River w.nshcs the eastern borders of the State, the watershed, or dividing ridge already mentioned 
being nowhere more than thirty-five miles from the river, and throughout most of its course not more than half that 
disliince ; its tributaries in this State, viz., the Bcerflelrl. White, Black, and Pa^sumpsic rivers are scarcely more than 
mountain torrents. On the western side of the ridge the streams have chiefly a north-westerly course, and tire consitler* 
ably longer ; but as they force their way through the westerly brimch of the mountain ranges, their courses are also rapid 
874 



VERMONT. 



fluii much broken by falls. The Miasisqui, LanmUlo, Onion, ami other croL-ks tluwin^; irilu Lake Cbanii^bin. an- the prin- 
ciiml. jin.i IlR'se alTi.nl navi-ution f-r hike craft i., thrir luw.-r cascades, from five to six miles up, Tbe nallcnkU and 
H.).,sic rivers hav<- ih-ir rise in th.- S. part nf the ranarc but soon pass inio New Yurk. The whole Slate is abundantly 
waiere.l by pure running brocks, many of which, as also the Inrger slreanw. are lurnea lo use in operaiini,' numerous mills. 

Lake Champlaiu cxlemls along the wesb-rn bonier a .listaiu-e ..f Uii niiU-s, and varies in wiUlh from one to sixteen 
miles, covering an area of f5nn srpiare miles. It is .-umci.-ntiy .i.c-p f..r tUe ijirgebt das* uf shipping ; U is. however, usually 
navigated by vessels nf 3(i -r KiO tons, to which tlie rivers an.| canals are accessible, and several fine steamboats ply to 
and from difTen-nt points on its shores. It receives the surphis wulers of Lake George, an.l discharges itself by the Sor- 
relle or Ilicbelieu, whieh. by means of some canals roun<l its rapids, affonls a navigable communication willi the St. 
Lawrence. At its souihern base it is connected liy canal with the Ilu.laon Uiver and the New York and Erie Canal. 
There are several birge islands in Ihc norlhcrn part of the lake, whieh. toi,'etber witli Alburg Peninsula, divide it in ita 
bnmdest part into two unequal pn.portionx. There are also some flHy or sixty snialliT islands. The aspect of its 9h'>re3 
is varied and pleasant; the peaks of die Oreen Mountains are visible in Ihe distanee, and well-cultivated farms Hue its 
shores. The harbors on the Vermont side of the lake are generally good, and the principal of these are Burlington, St. 
Albans, and Verg«*nnes. Lake Mcniphremagog is partly in this State, but mostly in Canada; it is thirty miles Ions, and 
disclijirges its waters into the St. Lawrence tbrougli tlie channel of the St. Francis Kiver. Between Ihe mountains and 
New York 8tate line there are several smaller lakes, wliieh are known under the names of Bombazine Lake, Austin 
Lake, Great Trout Pond, etc., which are remarkable for the purity and clearness of their waters and the bland scenery 
that surrounds them. 

The minerals produced in this St;de are iron, copper, zinc, and a great variety of rocks. Iron occurs in great abund- 
ance. Sulphuret tii iron, or pj rites, is found at Straflbrd and Shrewsbury, from winch an immense quantity of copperas is 
annually mauiifaclured. Copper has been discovered near Brandon, and a few nnles south-cast of that place a bed of 
Bilver and copper. The ore of the latter is incorporated with milk (juarlz and argillaceous slate ; an average specimen, 
analyzed by W. H. Shef)hcrd, mineralogist, yielded 31.13 per cent, of pure silver and 17.09 of copper. Lead, zinc, and 
manganese are also lound. At Moneklon, near Burlingtjn, there is also an extensive bed of kaolin, or porcelain earth. 
Granite, however, is the great staple, and marbles of line quality are extensively quarried at Middlebury, Swantou, Ben- 
nington, etc. The novacniile. or oil-stone, sold under the lumie of magog oil-stone, is founrl un one of the islat:ds in 
Lake Mcmphremaiiog. and quarries of slate are wrouj^ht near Eraltleboro'. Vermont has also several mineral springs, 
containing iron and sulpliur. which are resorted to f.ir relief in many cutaneous and chronic complaints. 

The climate assimilates that of New Hampshire, and is variable and cold, but exlrcniely salubrious. Snow lies on the 
gmund from the middle of November to the end of April, and on Ihe hill-sides it is often six or eight feet deep. The 
mean annual range of the thermometer is about 120°, the temperature in winter sinking sometimes to 25"^ or 3uo below 
zero, and in summer rising to 0\P or 100°. Trees commence to bud early in April, and flowers nnfttid themselves in 
May. The first frosts appear about the middle of September, but are lig'n until November. The summer season is fair 
and serene, and alihouiih Ihe heat of the day is sometimes excessive, the nights are always cool. Through September 
and October the finest weather prevails, with gentle winds and a blue sky. 

The natural growths of Vermont are hemlock, spruce, and fir, which flourish on the mountain aides; the lower tracts 
abound with elm, oak, hickory, butternut, pine, beech, sugar-maple, and birch, arid the cedar grows luxurianlly in the 
swamps. The iTidigenous animals are wolves, foxes, and others, similar in a great measure to those whieh are spread 
over Canada and the North-eastern States generally. The lakes and rivers abound with excellent fish. 

The soils of Vermont are generally rich and loamy. On the borders of the rivers are fine tracts of valley land, 
■which consist of a deep black alluvial deposit — these are sometimes a mile in width, and very proihictive in grain, 
grass, and garden vegetables. The uplands are in many places scarcely inferior t<) the intervales, and are in general 
Bufflciently free from stone to admit of easy cultivation. The hills and mountains, that are not arable on account of their 
etccpnes.-* or the rocks, yield the best of pasturage. There is hardly any part of the country better ad.apted lo Ihe rearing 
of horses, horned cattle, and sheep, than the mountain regions of this Stale. Wheat is raised more abundantly ou the 
western than on the eastern side of the mountains. The soils and climate of all parts are favorable to the growth of the 
apple and most oilier kinds of garden trees ; but the peach seldom comes to perfection anywhere. The greater part of the 
Stale is better suited to grazing than to tillage. Springs and brooks are very numerous, and there is no extensive tract 
but is well supplied with running water. 

Vermont is divided into U counties, the general statistics of which, and the capitals of each, in 1S50, were as foUowa : 

Cnpitals, 

. Hyde Park 
. Chelsea 
. Irasburg 
. Pvutland 

. MoNTPELrEK 

, Fayetteville 
. 'U'oodstock 

The whole number of dwellings in the State at the above date was fiCi.S'27 ; of families, 5S.475; and of inhabitanta, 
813.GU ; viz.. wliites 312.902— males 159 374. and females 153,.'^.2S : fr. col. TOD— males SCfi, an<i females 343. Of the whole 
populalir>n there were, dfttf and diiiiib~v/h. 143, fr. col. 1.— total 144; h/i>i>/—v;\\. 13S. fr. col. — total 133; hutant — 
wh. 552. fr. col. 0— total 552. and idiotic — wh. 2S0. fr. eol. 1— total 2S1. The number of free persons born in the United 
Stales wa-* 2^0,96S, the mimber of foreign birth 32,831, and of birth unknown 823. The v/itive population originated as 
follows : Maine S35, N. Hamp. 19.Git9, Vermont 232,o^<6, Ma«s. 15.059, U. I. 801, Conn. 4,551, N. Y. 7,21^, N. Jer. 171, Penn. 
13S, Del. 1. Md. 23, Disl. of Col. 5. Virg. 21, N. Car. 7. S. Car. 5. Ga. IS, Klor. 9, Ala. 6. Mi.ss. 5, La. 12, Tex. 1, Ark. 2, 
Tenn. fi, Ky. 7. Oh. Ifi6, Mich. S6, Ind. 15, III. 84. Mo. 10, la. 5, Wise. 82, Calif. 0, Territories 1 ; and the foreign popula- 
tion was coinpo9e-l of persons from— England 1,5 Ifi, Ireland 15.377, Scotland 1,045. Wales 57, Germany 213, Franco 40, 
Spain 8. Porluiral 5, Belgium (t, Holland 2. lt.aly 7, Austria 0, Switzeriand 2. Bussia 1, Denmark 1, Norway S, Sweden 0, 
Prussia 6. Hreece o, Asia 7. Africa 0, British America 14,470. Mexico 0, Central America 0, South America 3, West Indies 
6, Sandwich Islands 4, and other countries 28. 

875 



Counties. 


Dwell, 


Pop. 


Farms 
in r.ilt. 


Mnnnf 
Kst.nb 


C.ipilala, 


Connlies. 


n.vell. 


Pop. 


F»rms 

moult. 


Mniiuf. 
E.tal). 


Addisnn 


. 4,r>79 . 


. 26.M9 . 


. 2,292 . 


. l.')7 


Middli^lnirg 


T.amoille 


. 2.022 . 


. in.s72 . 


. 1.0R2 . 


. 42 . 


Benninglon 


. 8.4114 . 


. 18.6S9 . 


1,.39: . 


. 147 . 


Manehes'.er 


Oraniiie 


. 5.192 . 


. 27,296 . 


. 2.677 


. 86 . 


Cak'donia... 


. 4,231 . 


. 23.086 . 


. 2,T54 . 


. 24.') . 


Danville 


Orleans 


. 2.7S0 . 


. l.%707 . 


. 2,0.')5 


. 68. 


Chittenden . . 


. 4,S05 . 


. 29,036 . 


. 1,908 . 


.201 . 


Burliii2!on 


Kulland 


. 6,661 . 


. S3,0.')9 . 


. 2,668 . 


.275. 


Essex- 


. 84G. 


, 4,650 . 


. 603. 


. 82. 


Guildhall 


■\Vashinjrton. 


. 4.442 . 


. 24,6.54 


. 2,104 


. 77. 


Franklin 


. 4,S27 - 


^2S,5S6. 


. 2,172 . 


.108. 


St. Alhans 


"Windham. . . 


. 6.374 . 


. 29,062 . 


. 8.363 . 


. 197. 


Grand Isle.. 


. 691. 


. 4,14o. 


. 839. 


. 8 . 


North Hero 


Windsor.... 


. 7,873 . 


. 88,820 . 


. 4,274 . 


.192. 



VERMONT. 



The following table will show the decennial progress of the population eiace the first census of the State taken by the 
United States authorities : 

Colored Pers^ne. Derennial Increnae 

Census White i "^"^ ^ ' ' * 

Vears. Personi. Free. Slave. Tt.lal, Tctal. Nuiiier. Per cent 

1T90 S5,144 255 17 272 85,416 . 



ISUO 153,90S 557 — 557 154.465 69,049 80.3 

1810 216,963 750 — 750 217.713 e:J.-248 40.3 

1S20 234,S46 91S — 918 235,764 18,051 8.3 

1830 279.771 S81 — 881 230,652 .-.. 44,833 19.0 

1840 291.218 780 — 730 291,948 11,296 4.0 

1850 812,902 709 — 709 313,611 21,563 7.4 

The general statistics of the wealth, induslry, productions, manufactures, and institutions of Vermont, as ascertained 
by the census of 1350, and other official reports ma le in the same year, afford the followins; results : 

Occupied Jjinds, etc. — Improved furm lands 2,591.379 acres, and unimproved lands 1,525.36S acres — together valued 
in cash at $59,727,781. The whole number of farms under cultivation on the 1st June, 1S50, was 29,687. Value of 
farming implements and miichinery $2. 7 90,237. 

Zt('^-^7otA-.— llorses, 61,057 : asses and mules, 218 ; milch cows, 146,146 ; working oxen, 48,497 ; other cattle, 154,035 ; 
sheep, 919.992, and swine, 66,273. Compared with the live-stock existing in the Slate in 1S40, the following movement 
is sh|wn : 

Live Stock. ISiO. l&F,n Decrease. 



Horses ( co mo u^^a ( 61.057 head i 

Asses and muJe, \ «2,«2 head J .^^^ ,, ^ 1,127 head, or 1.8 per cent. 

1 j 146.146 " j 

,V8S4,S41 " .j 48,497 " !- 33,6' 

, t ( 154,025 " ) 



iUcr. 


54,7?6 


(I 


or 23.7 


.rncr. 


912,3.33 


" 


or 81.5 


.inei\ 


6.5,1.'!0 


" 


or 37.3 


. deer. 


12,634 


t( 


or 23.1 


.deer. 


19,717 


(( 


or 8.6 



Milch cows I ( 146.146 

Workingoxen ). 834,841 " -J 48,497 " ^35,673 " or 9.3 

Other cattle . 

Sheep 1,681,319 " ,..919,993 « 761.327 " or4o.3 « 

Swine 203,800 " 66.278 " 137,522 '^ or 67.4 « 

—in 1S50 the aggregate value of live-stock in. cash was $12,640,248. 

rrodxifU of Anunals.—'W ool 8,410,993 pounds, butter 11,871,451 pounds, cheese 8,729.334 pounds; and the valac of 
animals slaughtered during the year had been $1,871,468. The quantity of wool returned in the census of 1840 wag 
8,099,235 pounds, or 288,242 pounds more than in 1S50, and hence the decrease shown in the latter year amounts 7.S per 
ceut. The production in relation to the number of sht-ep. however, has been much larger at the latter than at the former 
period ; in 1S40 it was 35.2 ounces per fleece, and in 185", 59.3 ounces. In the production of butter only five States surpass 
.Vermont, and of cheese only two— New York and Ohio, and of the latter article it produces one-twelflh the quantity 
made in the Union. 

Griiiii Crops.— V^he&t 525,925 buslicls. rye 176,207 bushels, Indian corn 2.0.32,016 bushels, oats 2,307,714 bushels, barley 
42,147 bubhcls, and buckwheat 208,699. The crops of 1S40 and their comparative quantities, with those of 1350, are as 
follows : 

Crops. 1840. 1 850. Movement. 

"WhoaL 495,800 bushels 525,925 bushels incr. 80,125 bushels, or 6.1 per cent. 

Eye..; 230,993 « 176.2(17 

Indiancom 1,119,678 *' 2.082.010 

Oats 2,222,534 " 2.807,714 

Barley 54,781 " 42.147 

Buckwheat 223,416 " 208,099 

Other Food Crops.— Betms and peas 104 bushels ; potatoes, Irish, 4,947,851 bushels. The potato crop reported in the 
census of 1840 amounted to 3,869,751 bushels, and hence the decrease between the returns of 1S40 and 1350 has been 
8,922,400 bushels, or 44.2 per centum. 

^fmceUnneous Crops.— ^ay, 866,989 tons ; clover-seed, 760 bushels ; other grass-seed, 14.996 bushels ; hops, 253,513 
povmds ; flax, 20,752 pounds ; flax-seed, 939 bushels ; silk cocoons. 26S pounds ; Maple sugar, 5,930,955 pounds; molasses, 
5,997 gallons ; beeswax and honey, 249,482 poimds; wine 659 gallons, etc. Value of orchard i)r<Hhicts, $315,045, and of 
market-garden products, $18,853. A comparison of the principal productions of 1850 with those returned in 1840, givca 
the following result ; 

Productiuns. 1B40, 1S50. Movement; 

Hay 836,739 tons 866,939 tons ijicr. 30,250 tons, or 3.6 per cent 

Hops 48,137 pounds 258,513 pounds i7icr. 210.376 pounds, or 484.9 " 

Flax 66,080 " 20,752 " deer. 45,323 " or 68.6 " 

Maple sugar 4,647,934 " 5,980,955 " •fHcr.1,333.021 " or 2S.6 « 

Wine 94 gallons 659 gallons incr. 565 gallons, or 601.1 " 

Homfi-made manufacturer were produced in the year ending 1st June, 1850. to the value of $278,331. The same class 
of goods produced in^he year rf]>resented in the census of 1840, were valued at $674,543. 

MiivtiftictKre^. — Aggregate capital invested, $0,000,000; value of all raw material, fuel, etc., consumed in the year, 
$O,iinO,0lH) ; average number of hands employed, 00.000— males 00,000, and females 00,000 ; monthly cost of labor, $000,000— 
male $000,000, and ft-male $00,000 ; total value of mnnufaclures for the year $0,000,000. The whole number of manufae- 
ing establishments in operation on the 1st June, 1850, and producing to the annual value of $50n and vipwards, was 1,335, 
and these were tlistribntcd among the counties in proportion, as shown in the general table before given. Of these 9 
were cotton factories. 72 woolen factories, 37 iron factories— 3 making pig iron. 26 making castings, and 8 making wrought 
iron ; and 152 were tanneries. The manufacturing establish menla others than those named were various, but chiefly such 
as are incident to an agricultural region, or such as the immediate wants of the people demand. The total capital 
invested in manufactures, in 1840, amounted to $4,326,440, 
876 



VERMONT. 



In ihe cotton maruiln.'iure, llie capiiul ernpioycd ia .|202.5iiO ; coium useJ, 2.'24:i bales ; v:ihie (if all raw material, etc., 
consumed. $lU.41ri ; hands emplojed. 231— males 94. and females 147 ; tntiry wages per month, .t:i,;}Jl— to mahs :J1,4C0, 
nnd Id females $l,SfU ; products <>f ihe year— sheetini;, cN'.. l.'Jol.OOO yards, ami yarn 53.050 pounds, valued al $196,100. 
In 1S40, there were in the Slate 7 factories — capilal :i;US,liMi ; hands 2*j'2. and vahie of prodiivts $ll;^,uO[). 

In the mnnnfaeture of wonlfiii gooda, the rapit;d employed is $SS6,;3im ; annual eonsnmption of wool. 2,323.1110 pounds; 
value of all raw mat'Tial, etc., consumed, ^S30,Gs4 ; average hands employed, 1,393— males GS3. and females 71ii ; entire 
monthly wages, $25,li'0— to males $u;,"12, and to femaU^s .$-i.oSH ; prndui-ts fnr the year, 2,8;iO,4(Hi yards of cloth, valued 
at $1,579,161. The number of faoti^rles in 1^40 was 95, which, with 2'39 lulling miUs, employed u capital of $1,406,959; 
hands 1.450; annual value of jiroduets, $1,331,953. 

The statistics of the ii'0}i manufaclures, In 1S50, were in accordance with tlie annexed table : 



Capital invested dollars. . . 

Ore used tons 

Pig iron nseil " . . . . 

Blooms used '* .. .. 

Old metal used " 

Mineral coal consumed " . . . . 

Coke and charcoal bushels.. 

Value of raw material dollars. . , 

Hands employed number.. 

Monthly cost of labor dollars. . . 

Iron produced tons 

Value of other products dollars. .. 

Entire value of products " 



: In 



t Ir, 



\Vr 



62,5011 . 
, 7,670 . 



;!it Iron. 

.290.730 62,700 

. — 2,625 

. 0,279 750 

. — 525 

. 274 — 

. 1.066 -- 

.193,400 337,000 

.160.603 66.194 

8S1 57 

. 10,771 1,719 14.743 

. 5,000 2,045 10.245 

— 87.770 — S7.770 

6S,000 460,831 163,9S6 692,S1T 



. 150 
.326,437 
. 40.175 
100 
. 2.203 
. 3,200 



Total. 

415,920 

10,3()1 

6,029 

bib 

2T4 

1,216 

961. S37 

266.972 

533 



— in 1840, there were in the State 26 furnaces, proJucinj^ annually 6.743 t^ns Cast iron, anrl 14 bloomerics, forges, and rolling 
mills, producing 655 t<ms bar iron ; fuel, elc, consumed, 33S.407 tons ; hands, 7SS ; capital invested, $664,150. 

The tanneries employ a capital of $346,250 ; value of hides and skiii:?, $357,946 ; hands employed 397 ; monthly wages 
$S.S07; skins tanned, 44,330, and sides of leather tanned, $250,104; value of products $5S7,466. In 1S40, there wefc 261 
tanneries in the State, employing a capital of $403,093, and 509 hands, and producing annually 102,763 sides of sole leather, 
and 102,937 sides of upper leather. 

The capital invested in the manufacture of malt and Kpiritumts liquors is $7,000; quantities and kinds of grain, 
etc., consumed — barley 2,500 bushels, and hops 1 ton ; hands employed, 2 ; ale manufactured, SOO barrels. No si)irils are 
returned, and pmbably none is now manufactured as an article of commerce. In 1340, there were two distilleries, pro- 
ducing annually 3,500 gallons, and one brewery producing 12,300 galluos— the whole employing 5 men, and a capital of 
$S,S50~^ 

Internal Impt-oveinents, etc. — The lines of railroad from Boston and the coast of New England, generally tow.ird 
Canada and the north-west, pass through Vermont, and the lines from New York also form connection with those of the 
western disiricl.s nf the State. Locally these roads have tended greatly to the development of the resources of the towua 
through which lliey pass, and have opened sea-bostrd markets to the great body of the Slate. The bulk <»f the mer- 
chandise and travel on the Vermont roads, however, is from and to places beyond the limits of the State, which has no 
large manufacturing towns or aggregated populations, beyond a few thousands in number. The several lines are noted 
in the " Aitenoix.'' On the 1st January, 1S53. the railroads in operation had a total length of 427 miles, and there were 
some 50 miles additional in course of construction. There are no canals in Vermont, with the exception of three short 
cuts to overcome river falls, viz. : that arounrl White Iliver Falls, that at Bellows Valley, and that at Waterquecchy Falls. 
The macadamized and ordinary roads of the Stale are generally well kept, and in sufficient nundjer tlir all purposes. 

Foreign Commerce. — The commerce of Vermont is carried on chielly at IJurlington on Lake Champlain, and finds an 
outlet by the Chambly river to Canada, and transmarine countries. The exports in this direction, in the year ending 
30th June. 1^50, were valued at $4;i0.906, of which $4o4,749 was the value of domestic products exported, and $26,157 
that of foreign re-exports, and the value of importa amounted to $403,003. The shipping employed in carrying the a\er- 
ehandise above represented, was as follows : 

Kntered. Clp^ml. "Tnt.i?. 



Natinnality 
of Sliijiping. 

AmtTican 


VenBls. 
330 


Tons. 

.. S0,92S .. 
. . 12,007 . . 

. . 99,4-35 . . 


Crews. 

. . 3.535 . . 
... 71G.. 

. . 4.-25I . . 


... 322 . . 
... 20 . . 

. . . .•M2 . . 


■I. .11^. 
.. 81.073 .. 
.. 1.753 .. 


. . 3,201 . . . 
. . 97 . . . 

. . 3,298 . . . 


Vessels. 

.... 652... 
.... 194... 

.... SI6 ... 


Tnn.. 

. . 107,901 . . 
. . 14.390 . . 

. . lS-2,291 . . 


1 

Cre>v,. 

... 0,730 

... 813 
...7,549 


Foreign 

Tola)... 


. . . . lU . . 
.... 604 . . 



— the shippint: nwtiod in the State at the abovf pcrioil amniinted !■> 4.530 tons, all of the cla«3 enrotlcl and licensed, aad 
of this, 3,097 tons was navigated by steam. The commercial movement for a series of 3-enr3 had been as follows: 

Ye.ir, Export*. Imports. Year. Expurts. Imjiort-t. 

1799 $20.480 $ ISll 5;571.104 $ 

1800 57,041 1812 133,647 — — 

1SI3 

1S14 

1S15 161,002 

18:6 S92,.594 

1817 gi-woi . 

ISIS 240.069 

1819 685.596 

1S20 89,'i.S69 

1821 20.5,3.30 15.987 

1822 257,694 00,897 



ISOl 57,267 

1302 31,479 

1803 117,4.50 

1804 191,725 

1S05 169,402 

1806! 193,775 

1807 204,285 

ISOS 103,772 

1809 175,782 

1310 432,031 



Year. Ksj'ort.. Impnrts. 

1823 ?2.!6.140 J62,242 

IS24 203.253 101,8,54 

1825 396,106 109,021 

1.826 8S-1,202 2-23,6,50 

1827 1,259,4-11 144,078 

1828 239,610 177.5.39 

1829 SiiS,»79 205,392 



1530 . 

1531 . 
13-32. 
1333. 
1834. 



058,2,56 140,059 

925,127 100,206 

at9,820 214,672 

877,399 623.200 

834,872 322,300 

877 



VERMONT. 



Year. Exports, Intpnrta. i Tear. Ex|iciri9. Imports, . Year. Exports. Imports. 

1885 



1S36 18S,I65 4o6.S46 i 1S42 5r>7.5H9 200,bG3 

1837 13S.693 842.449' 1S43 169.971 38,000 



;8,151 $217,853 j 1841 $'277.987 $246,739 j 1 846 $403.820 $127,223 

1347 514.293 239.641 

1S4S &34.102 306,005 

1S3S 132.650 258.417|1844 413.3S7 97.188 1849 6hi>.SG9 147.721 

1839 193.SS6 ...413.513 11845 642,607 81,997 ISoO 43u,906 403,092 

1840 805.150 404,6171 

5n7i>fcs.— The returns of August, 1S50, report 27 banks. an<l tlieir condilinn as fnltows— Zta&i/(7»V«; caplliil, $2,197,249; 
circulation. $9,856,027; deposits, $546,Tu3; an.l delils to banks, $3'2,9S4; and assets, loans and discounts. $4,423-719; 
slocks, $40,500 ; real estate, $94,497 ; due by other banks, $1^01,789 ; notes of other bunks, $127,637 ; specie fhnd, $2,376 ; 
and specie. $127,825. 

G'>-prrnm^iit.— The first Constitution of this ?tate was formed in 1777; the one now in operation w-as adopted on the 
4th -luly. 1793, but haa since been modified at various periods. It secures to every man on attaining liia 21st year, the 
right of . suffrage. pr-iVided lie has been a resident of ilie State for the next preceding year, and is of a quiet and peaceable 
behavior. The annual elections are held nn the first Tuesday of September. 

The J^gialiitiire consists of a Senate {estabhshed in 1S36). and a House of Representatives. The Senate consists of 30 
members, chosen by a plurality of votes, apportioned in ratio of the population, but each county is entitled to at least one. 
The House of Representatives, at present, consists of 230 members, one from each town, Kepresenl-itives shall be pers' ms 
noted for wisdom and virtue, resident in the State for the last two years, and for one year in the town. Two-lhinls uf the 
members elected are required to f'»rm a quorum, when a St^Ue tax is voted. The Legislature is renewed annually. The 
Lieutenant-governor is ex-officio I'resident uf the Senate, otherwise the officers of both houses are chosen by the members 
thereof respectively. 

The chief fXfcuUve is vested in a Governor, chosen annually by a majority of votes. In case or no choice being made, 
the three candidates having the highest poll numbers are presented to the Legislature, which in joint ballot elects one of 
their number to be governor. The Lieutenanl-governnr and Treasurer are elected in like manner. No one is qualified 
for these offices unless he has resided in the Slate lor the preceding fmr years. Twelve Councilors, assistants to the 
executive, are chosen annually by general ticket, and by a plurality of votes. The Governor and Council appoint to offices 
and fill vacancies, and may grant pardons for all crimes excepting treason and murder, in which they may grant reprieves 
until the end of tlie next session of the General Assembly, and excepting also impeachments, which can be reversed only 
by act of the Assembly. The Governor presides in the Council and has a casting vote only. He may veto a bill, but two- 
thirds of both houses may pass it again, and it thus may become law notwithstanding. He is allowed a Secretary of civil 
and military affairs, chosen by himself and paid by the State. 

Judiciary palters are vested in a Supreme Court, consisting of a chief and two assistant justices; in County Courts, or 
Courts of Common ^^e.^s comprising four circuits, each County Court being composed of one Judge of Circuit, elected by 
the Legislature, who is f'X-qffi<.uo chief justice of the County Courts of his Circuit, and two assistant judges for each county, 
elected by the people ; and in Justices of the Peace. The Sui>reme Court sits in each county once, an<i the County Courts 
twice in each year ; an additional term of the Supreme Court is also held once a year in eacli district, at such time and 
place as the court may order. Each Judge of ibe Supreme Court is Chancellor of a Circuit. The Court of Chancery has 
two staled sessions annually in each county, and is always in session for all purposes, except the final hearing of a cause. 
An appeal from a decree of the Chancellor lies to the Supreme Court Judges of the Supreme Court, county aud probate 
Courts, sheriffs, and justices ofthe peace, are elected by the General Assembly in joint balloL 

The Consttiution prohibits slavery, and perniils imprisoiiment for debt only in cases of fraud. It abolishes perpetuities. 
Every alien of good character coming to settle in the State, and swearing allegiance thereto, is permitted to hold land. 
By a law of 1850, a homestead of the value of $500 issecured from attachment or execution. 

Once in seven years, 13 censors are chosen on one ticket by the people, whose duty it is to inquire whether the Con- 
stitution has been ol)served in every particul.ir, etc., and also tt) call a convention for amending the Constitution within 
two years, six months' pviblic notice being given of the amendments proposed. 

T\\e fiifnteidl conditior. of this Stale is in an envialile condition — the expenses of government are small, and its lia- 
bilities insisniflcanL For the year ending 3l8t August, 1850, the receipts into the treasury, ineluding a balance from 1S49 
of $8,330. amounted to $l25.o75, of whii'b $94,309 was raised from taxes. The disbursements for Ihe same year amounted 
to $122 258, leaving a balance of $3,122. The princii)al sums paid out. were the expenses of the Legislature, $36,043; 
executive expenses. $2,618, and pay of judiciary and for prosecuting crime. $49,733. The minor items of expense were 
those on account of elections, pauper relief, common sclionls. agricultural societies, militia, etc. The expenses of 1850 
exceed those of 1849 by $7,767. but they embrace about $15,000 of extraordinary expenditure. 

Vermont has no public debt. It has, however, some temporary liabilities, which at the above-named date amounted 
to $r)8.036. 

Among the henevnlent iiiaUtntions of the State, the Vermont Asylum for the Insane, at Brattlcboro', is the most con- 
spicuous. Since Hie opening of the asylum there have been admiltetl to August 1st. 1850, 1.609 patients, and 1,2S1 have 
been discliarged. and 323 remained in the institution. Of the discharged, 745, or 463 per cent, had been recovered. Of 
those placed in the asylum within six months from the attack, nearly nine-tentlis have recovered. During the year end- 
ing as above, the whole number of patients was 463; admitted 150, and discharged 140. Of tliose discharged, 79 were 
cured, 26 died, 16 were improved, and 19 nt-t improved. Income $34,240 12, and expenditures $33,868 92. There is 
cniinected wilb the asylum a library of over l,2'i0 volumes, and a large number of periodicals and newspapers are taken- 
TUe deaf and dumb and the blind are sujiporlcd at institutions hi other Slates, for which purpose the Legislature appro- 
prialfes a large sum of money ammally. 

Federal repreaenUition.—ln accordance with the provisions of the law of 23d May, 1850, Vermont sends /our repre- 
sentjitives to the federal Congress. 

Educatitm .—\\\ 1850 there were 2.594 school districts in the State, and the whole number of scholars was 90,110 ; aver- 
age length of schools 24 weeks ; average of scholars in eath district, 39 ; expense of eaeh schftlar, $2 20 ; avemge ^ages 
to teachers— male $1,355, and f.male $554 per month; uhole wages— to males $65,759 IG, and females $61,312 65; total 
$127,071 SI; cost of board, $70,492 87; cost of fuel, $19,837 64; cost of wages, board, fuel, etc., $217,402 33. Public 
money divid.^d fur support of schools, $90,893 91. Vermont has no school fund. 
878 



VERMONT. 



Thf cniltciiite instiliUiinis of ihe State are— the Universiiy vf Vermont at liurlirmton, tmimlcd IT'Jl ; Mifl*it<-biiry Col- 
lege, roiiiiijeti in ISiiU ; .iii.i N<irwicli Univirsity, fMuinie.i in IS:>4. Tin- University ot^Vernnmt in 1S.VI ha<i 7 prufessora, 
95 student.-?, and 41(5 a'unuii. Jind a library nf lil,UUO V'lluincs; Mirldlehury College, G pmfrssora. 63 students, 877 alumni, 
and 5.<KiO volumes; ami Norwieh ITniversiiy had 4 professors, Cn siu-l.-nts, and iS^i alunini. and l,4f)0 vnlumes. Medical 
schools are es aMi.>-lied at L'aa'letou and \Vm>d?tnrk. Tlie CasUeton Medicid College was founded. in^lSlis. and in ISSOhad 
7 professors, l'i4 t>iudents, and 5o5 graduatf's, an. I the Vermont Medical College al Woodstock was founded in 1835, and 
in ISoO had 7 prof-.'?8nrs. 9ii studt-nia. and 3^32 gradujtes. 

Academies are eatatdisUed in all the hirger towns and villages, and throus;hout the State there are private schools of 
high reputation. 

I'nhlic Lihruries, — According to a report of tlie libfarian of the Smilhs<^nian Institution in 1851. there were in Vermont 

1 Slate library— 3.5III) vnhunes; 3 culleu''' libraries— 13 (I3J volumes; 6 students' libraries — S,6t)7 volumes; and 13 public 
school iiliraries— 9,H)0 volumes; tnial 'i3 libraries, and ;J4.'i99 volumea. 

I'eruxHv'tl J'test:. — The whole nmnber of pLTiudicals pubhshed in Vermont in 1850 was 3G — 14 whig. 7 dem'^iorali",and 
15 neuiral in politics. In the latter class are included religinus, literary, and other general issues. Of tlie wh'le uuinher 

2 were published tlaily. 1 seuii-weekly. 31 weekly, anil 2 monthly. The dailies bad an ngg PL'ate eircuhiLion ol 55ii copies, 
the Iri-weeklies of 2,20(1 copies, the weeklies of 41,2(iG cnpiLS, aiul the monthlies of 2,()il() copies. The couniies in which 
issued are as fallows: Addison, Bennington, and Caledonia, each 2 weeklies; Chittenden (Burlingi»)ii), 2 dadii-s and 3 
■weeklies; Franklin. 1 weekly ami I nionilily; Orange, 2 weekly and 1 monthly; Orleans, 1 weekjy; i;ulland,4 weeklies; 
"Washington, G wieklies; Windham, 5 weeklies; Wtmlsor, 4 weeklies. 

I\ittpeih-m and Crime. — The whole number of paupers relieved and supported within the year ending 1st June, 1S50, 
was 3.654, of which 2,043 were native, and 1.611 foreign born; and the whole number 'if paiiperr* at the date spocitled 
was 1,S79, of which 1.5G5 were natives, and 314 foreigners. Cost of support, etc.. $12(.i,402. The total number of convicts 
sent to llie Stale Prison in the year en'ling 1st September, 1S5U, was 33, and at that date 76 were undergoing sentence. 
The convicts are chielly emplovi-d in snath-making and shoi-making. Income $G,lo7 09, and expenses .$0,201 Gl— bal- 
ance against the prison, $1-44 52. 

lieli'jious Deniiiiii}utUons. — The statistics of the several religious denominations iu the Stale iu ISOO, will be found by 
reference to the lable annexed: 



Denoniina- No (if 


Cl...rrh 


Vji..e or 


De....m.na- No. of 


Cl..ifrl. 


Vnl..e ol 


Denominn- No of 


Cl.i.rth 


Value of 


tnnis. Cl.urtl.es 


a.'f...ii. 


rr„,,..,i,. 


lions, Clmcl.es, 


a.ic.n. 


rtu|,i.rt). 


lioi.a. Cl.ur.lies 


a.f i.n. 


Vr..pr,iy. 


Baplisl S3 .. 


.31.937. 


.!|il53,S42 


German Uef. — . . 


. — . 


... — 


R. Calhfilic ... 8 . 


..4,31 15.. 


..!M2,200 


Christian T .. 


. 2,'i'20. 


.. 12,000 


■Tewisli — . . 


. — .. 


..$ - 


Swe.lenb.i'n.. — . 


.. — . 


.. — 


Congri-gari..lC3 .. 


.70,122. 


..451,0S4 


Lutheran ... — . . . 


. — .. 


.. — 


Tunker — . 


. — .. 


.. — 


Dutcli Itef. . . — . . 


. — . 


.. — 


Mennonite... — .. 


. — .. 


.. — 


Uni..n S8 . 


.34.5,50.. 


..122,500 


Episcopal . . 25 . . 


.10.525. 


.. 81,500 


Metho.lisU...I23 .. 


.45,010. 


..221,850 


Unitarian 2 . 


. 1,000.. 


.. 82,000 


Free 1 .. 


. 100.. 


300 


Moravian — . . 


. — .. 


.. _ 


Ulliversalist .. 84 . 


..13.325. 


,. 71,750 


Friends 7 . . 


. 2,550. 


. . 5,500 


Presley terian. 10 .. 


..4.100., 


.. 17,600 


Minor Sects . 3 . 


. . 700 . 


.. 80O 



— making a total of 5G4 churches, with accommodation f.ir 226,444 persons, and valued at $1,213,120. Vennuut forms a 
diocese ..f the Protestant Episcopal Church, and is rnelu.ied in the lioman Calholic diocese of Boston, 

Ifitffi'ical Sl^ftch. — The distane.* of Vermont from tlie coast prevented any settlement being ma.le within its bor.iers, 
either by the French or English, until the col.inies nf the latter extemleil themselves int.) its vicinity, Tlie governments 
of New York and Mansai-hnselts ina.ie large grants in the direction of Ibis 8tate, but it was not until 1724 that any actual 
posse^^ion was taken of lan.Is within ils prtsent bounds. In that year Fort Durance, or Dnnimer, was built on tlie Goiineo- 
lieut Uiver. On the other en.l of the State, in 1731, ihe French built a fort at Cri>wn Point, and began a seltleinent on tho 
eastern shore of Lake Champlain. Vermont, however, attracleil little attention until th.- reduction of Qiiel.ec. After 
that event, New llanipshire. supposing the territory to fall within ils limits, made large grants to settlers; but New York 
also claiming it. tlie matter became involve.l in seri'.ns conlrover,..y. Having been referred to tlie crown, a decision was 
made confirmatory of the title of the latter to all the country west of the Connecticut, and in this det^-rminatioa New 
Hampsliire seems to have acquiesced, with the understanding, that the titles of the lands purchased from her by the setllers 
should not be diaturbe.i. 

Hail New York cont.nted itself with the possession of the unsol.l lands and jurisdiction over those which had beea 
fairly purchas.'.! from New Hampshire, Vermont would probably have lu'cn to this day .an integral portion of that great 
Slate: a vi.ilenl and impolitic course, however, was pursu.'.l. The New IIanip,«hire grams were dedareil invali.l.and Iha 
Belllers were require. 1 1.> take out new patents. The refusal to do this was nearly general, an.l in consequence .lecrees of 
ejectment were issueil by the courts at Albany. At the head of the Vernninlcrs was Ethan Allen, a bolil an. I determined 
man, without mental cultivation, but of great n:itural powers. Under his guidance and counsel they resolve. I to main- 
tain what lliey conceived to be their rights, at the risk of being treated as outlaws. The militia of New York was called 
out, but effected notliing. Appeal was n.iw ma.le by the inhabitants t.i Ihe crown, anil the government of New York was 
forbi.l.len to make any grant ..f the lan.Is In qu..sli..n. The order was evaded, however, an.l the same slate of affairs 
coiitinui-d as before. The battle of Lexingt.in was fouglit, and more important objects then occupied the attention of tho 
government of New York. 

The altempis of the British ministry upon the lilierties of the c.ilouies excited as much indignation in Vermont as in 
those pn.vinces which were more immediately obnoxious to the rojal power. On the news that hosiiliti(.s had com- 
mencoil, Ethan Allen collected a body of about Hire.' hundred s.ltlers, an.l. joined by some officers fr..m Coun.-cticut and 
New Hampshire, surprisi-.l the lirilisli post at Tic.iii.l.T'ga. The f irt at Crown Point was surren.lereil soon afb-rward. 
These enterprises, executed with a.Idress, re.Ioun.I.'.l greatly to the success of the r..v..lutionary cause, and operated 
strongly on tin' publi.- niin.l in favor of the Veriiionles.-. In a bol.l attempt on M.mtreal, Allen was shortly allerward 
taken prisoner, an.l carried to England in irons. In tlu^ f.ill.iwing year the British succeeded in .lefealiug the colonial 
navy on Lake Champlain. and on the a.lvance of Hiiru'oyn.-"s army in 1777, Tii'onderoga f.'ll again into their possess!.™. 
War now pr.'.ss.-.l heavily upon Vennont ; the n.irtlnrn setllem.-nts were br.iken up, and the whole frontier subjected 
to savage incursion. Submissi..n to the British, h.iwev.r. was never thought of A force was r.ais.-.l an.l united with 
that of General Slarke. The battle of Bennington, wlier.. upwar.l .if one lle.usan.l regular tr.Kips were a=saulle.l in their 
inlrenchments and compelled to surrender, will be long remembered as a proot of what an undisciplined nulitia oro 

879 



VER 



VER 



capable, when warmed by patriotism ami animated by hatred to the op])re33or. The surrender of Bargoyiie'a army 
restored the country to comparative ^anqiiillity. 

"While thua tlghiino; in favor of the general cause, the people of Vermont were placed, as reg'ards their civil govern* 
ment, in an anomalous situation. At the commencement of hostilities they found themselves even without a form of gov- 
ernment. The jurisdiction of New York was disclaimed, and the authority of the crown was thrown off. In this stJito 
of matters every thing was effected by voluntary agreement. Application was made to Congress for its interfi-renee, but 
that body reconi mended su!>raission to New York. Kesolute in their determination not to submit, the people saw no 
ftlteraalive than to establish an independent State. In January, 1777, a general convention met, and proelainuMl that the 
district of territory, previously known by the name of the New IIami)shire grants, was of right a free and independent 
jurisdiction, to be thenceforth called by the name of "New Connecticut, alias Vermont" The convention now ad- 
dressed Congress, and claimed admission into the confederatflon. 

The petition for admissiim was met by a counter-memorial from New Torfe, and Congreaa refused to recognize its 
separate existence. Embarrassment increased, and other circumstances soon after involved the Verraontese in a contest 
with the government of New Hampshire. The charter of the latter Slate circumscribed it by a line drawn at a distance 
of sixty miles from the sen. All the lands west of this line to the Connecticut were derived from royal granis ; and the 
Inhabitants of the towns within this strip, conceiving that the royal authority expired with the Declaration of Independ- 
ence, imagined they had a right to determine to what State they would be attached. Under this impression they applied 
to the Vermontese requesting a union with them. The assembly of Vermont acceded to the application, but the vote 
of union was subsequently rescinded on a representation that Congress would, on the connection with the revolted 
towns of New Hampshire being dissolved, admit Vermont as a separate State. This action was followed by great dis- 
content wilhin the State. The inhabitants of that part which lies near the Connecticut Eiver determined to unite with 
the New Hampshire towns, and to form a State government. Encouraged by these disaentions, New Hampshire now ad- 
vanced a claim before Congress for the whole of Vermont New York did the same, and Massachusetts endeavored to 
obtain a part by reviving an antiquated title. 

Menaced from so many quarters, the Vermontese gave up their local dissentions, and united in their own defense. 
Ethan Allen, who had relumed from captivity, was placed at the head of a body of militia, and made prisoners of the 
officers who were acting under the authority of New York. Complaint waa made to Congress, but the discuf-sion of the 
subject was postponed from time to time, as the Vermontese refused to become parties to it, and no decision waa pro 
nounced. The British were naturally attentive to the progress of the contest, and flattered themselves that the people oi 
Vermont, exasperated and neglected by Congress, would place themselves under their protection. Negotiations were 
actually opened for this puri)03e in 1790, and were continued without any open result until 1783. "Whatever the inten- 
tions of the leading men of Vermont were, there is no doubt but that the hotly of the people were still warmly attached to 
the revolutionary cause. The consequences of the negotiation in ona respect, however, were favorable to Vermont, as 
she remainerl nnmolested by the British during the remainder of the war. 

The peace of 17S3 found Vermont a sovereign and- independent State de facto, and the Vermontese felt little desire to 
join in a confederation, ihe rulers of which had pursued such an evasive policy toward her during tlie war. New York 
Btill claimed a jurisdiction over the State, but waa unable to enforce it, and the State government was administered as 
regularly as in any other part of the United States. Affairs remained in this singular condition until after the formation 
of the constitution in 17S7, the advantages of which, under the administration of Washington, inclined the people of Ver- 
mont again to atiempt an admission into the Union, Ths only obstacle arose from the opposition of New York, which 
■was flually withdrawn in 17S9. In that year commissioners from the two States met, and effected an amicable arrange- 
ment. The sum of $30,000 was agreed to be paid to New York as a compensation fur lands belonging to its citizens, 
which had been re-granted by Vermont, and New York consented that her claims to jtiriadiclion should cease. A con- 
vention was immediately called, by which it was resolved to join the Union. The consent of Congress was given, and 
on the 4lh of March, 1791, Vermont became one of the United States. 

During the war of 1S12-15 with England, the \icinity of this State was the seat of a warm contest. On the invasion 
of New York, volunteers poured from the mountains and valleys of Vermont, and by their palriotism and valor proved 
that they had not degenerated from, or forgotten the prowess of, their fathers. The repulse of the British from Flatls- 
burg. and the capture of their squadron on Lake Chumplain, delivered the soil of this district from tlie presence of an 
enemy. Aside from this interruption the prosperity of the State has been onward, but its history furnishes no event of 
sufficient import.ance to require detail. 

MosTPELiEtt is the political capital of the Slate. 



Veemont, p. v., Fulton county, JU. : 51 miles N. "W. 
gpringfleld. 

Vermont, p. o., Howard co., Ind. : on N. side of "Wild 
Cat cr.. 50 m^ N. by E. Indianapolis. 

Vermont, p. v., Cooper co., Mo. : 35 m. "W. N. "W. Jefier- 
Bon City. 

Vehmont, p. o,, Chautauquo co.. K. Y. : 2S7 m. W. by S, 
Albany. 

Vermont Settlement, p. o., "Will co.. III. : 147 m, N. E. 
Springfleld. 

Vekmontville, t. and p. v., Eaton co., Midi.: 24 m. 
"W. by S. Lansing. The t derives its name from having 
been settled by a colony of forty fam'dies from Vermont 
Pop. oft. in IS-IO, 1S2; in 1S50, 324. 

Veenal. p. o., Greene county. Miss.: on S. E. side of 
Chickasawlia r., V27> m. S. E. Jackson. 

Vernal, p. o., Wyoming co., iV. K ; 232 m. W. by N. 
Albany. 

Vernon county, Mo, Situate W., and contains 612 aq. m. 
Drained by Marais des Cygnes r a tributary of Osage r,, 



and by its numerous branches. Surface undulating and 
diversified ; soil fertile, and adapted to the growth of grain. 
It is well wooded, and has good pasturage for cattle, 

Vernon, p. v., Autauga co.. Aid. : on N. side of Alabama 
river, near the junction of Swift cr., 19 m. W. Montgomery. 

Vernon, p. v. and sta., Tolland co., Cotm. : 10 m. E. N. E 
Hartford. Drained by Hockanum r., which affords water- 
power to numerous manufactories. Surface diversified ; soil 
of moderate fertility. The Hartford, Providence, and Fish- 
kill E. K. touches the S. part of the t., 12 m. IVora HartforU- 
The V. contains 2 churches, etc. Pop, of t. 2,900. 

Vernon, p. v.. Kent co., Dd. : on W. side of Marshy Hope 
creek, 18 ra. S. S. W, Dover. 

Veknon, p. v., Troup co., Oa. : on"W. side of Chattahotv 
chee river. US m. W. MilleJgeville. It contains an acad- 
emy, church, and dwellings. 

Veknon, p. v.. and cap. Jennings co., Ind. : on E. side 
of Vernon fork of Muscatuck r., 60 m. S. E. by S. Indianapo 
lis. The Madieon and Indianapolis R. K. passes through, 
22 m. from Madison, 64 m. from Indianapolis. The v. has 



VER 

a very pleasant site. It was lai'l out in lsl5. The county 
buiMin^s are nt-at atrueturps. Pop. aliout (>ilO. 

Vfknon. p. o., Jackson parish, La. : 150 m. N. W. by N. 
Baton Ilougre. 

Vernon,!, andp. o., Shiawassee co., J/>V^. ; SSm. E. N.E. 
Laii^insr. This is one of the best agricultural townsliips in 
the county. Pop. 674. 

Vfknon, p. v., Sutter co., Calif. .■ on E. bank of Feather 
river, at its confluence with the Sacramento, ilireetly oppo- 
site Fremont. It is pleasantly situated at the head of navi- 
gation ihirinff bich water, ami is not liable to overflow. It Is 
a market for the supply of the northern mines. 

Vf.knos-. p. v.. Madison en., JZ/.v-s. .• 3 m. S. E. Bi? Black 
river, 2 m. N. by W. Jackson. During: a part of Ihe year 
steamboats can ascend to this place. Pop. about 230. 

Vernon, t. and p. v., Sussex eo., A1 Jer. : 6S m. N". by E. 
Trenton. Surface very hilly and mountainous. Drained 
by several streams. The v. is situate centrally. Popula- 
tion oft. 2.610. 

Vrrnon, t. and p. v., Oneida co.. J\^ T. : OS m. "W. by N. 
Albany. Surface rolling. Drairietl N. W. by Oneida and 
Skeiiandoa creeks. The v., inonrjiorated in 1S27, conlains 
an ac'adeiny, 3 churches, stores, mills, etc., and 1 bank, cap- 
ital $100. dOO. Xearthev., on Skenandoa creek, is an ex- 
tensive class factory. Fop. of v. about 750; of t. 3.093, 

Vernon, t. and p. o., Trumbull co., Ohio: 150 m. N. E. 
Columbus. Bounded E. by iVnnsylvaiiia. Drained S. by 
PyniMtnning creek flowing centrally through the t. Popu- 
lation S2S. 

Vernon, sta.. Crawford co., Oln'o: on Cincinnati, Clcve- 
lai'.d, and Columbus E. II., 75 m. from Cleveland, ISO m. 
from Cincinnati. 

Vernun. p. v.. and cap. Ilickman co., 7>«n. .■ on E. side 
of Pine cr., 45 m. W. S. Vi. Nashville. It contains the co. 
oflices, a church, dwellings, etc. 

Vf.bnon, p. V. and sta.. Windham tn.,Yenn. : on AV. side 
of Connecticut r.. 105 m. S. by E. Montpeiier. Surface of t. 
rough and monntainnus. Slate is quarried in the W. part. 
<_)ak and chestnut timber is abundant. The Brattleboro' 
Branch It. P. runs along the Connecticut r.. having stations 
at Vernon v. and South Vernon. Pop. of t. S'21. 

Vernon, t. and p. o., Waukesha co., ^Vis<:, : 60 m. E. by S. 
M.adison. Pop. SS9. 

Vkrnon. p. o.. Washington co., FJoi\: on E. side of 
Holmes cr., "0 m. W. by N. Tallaiiassee. 

Vernon Centre, p. v., Oneida co., iV: T. : ^(j m.W. byN. 
Albany. 

Veroxa, t. and p. o., Dane co.. Wise. : on head branch 
of Sugar r., S m. S. W. Madison. Pop. 4:>S. 
Verona, p. v.. Boone co..K>/.: 40 m. N. Frankfort 
Verona, t. and p. v., Oneida county, 3^ 3'. ; lOG m. 
W. N. W. Alb-any. Surface generally level, with some 
swampy tracts ; soil rich mold, with some sand. Drained 
by Oneida and Wood creeks, which boimd it on tlie W. and 
N.. flowing into Oneida lake on its N.W. border. The Erie 
C:inal and Tlica and Syracuse B. R. pass through llio t. 
Th<- 1. contains numerous saw-mills, with several tanneries, 
and has considerable manufactures. Pop. of t. in ISld, 
4,504; inl«50. 5,56S. 

Verona DepAt, p. v. an'l ata.. Oneida county, 2^. T. : on 
Syracuse and Tlica R. E.,23m. from Utica, and by railroad 
lis m. from Albany. 

Verona Mills, p. o., Oneida co., N". Y. .■ 104 m.W. N.W. 
AU>any. 

Vf-rplank. p. V. and sta., Westchester connty, K Y. : on 
Hudscin Itiver R. R., 4"2 m. from New York, 102 m. from 
Albany. It has a good steamboat landing, with stores and 
dwellings, etc. 

Versailles, p. v.. Brown Co., lU. : N. E. of M'Kec's cr., 
54 ra. W. Springfield. 

Versailles, p. v., and cap. Ripley co., Tnd. : on W. side 
of Laughery's cr., 65 m. S. E. Indianapolis. The village is 
built upon a high bluff, and contains the county buildings, 

66 



VIC 

k . .. : 

with stores, etc. First settled in ISIS. The Cincinnati and 
St. Louis R. R. pusses through this place. The "Western 
Intelligencer" (.wbig) is issued weekly. The population 
(now about SOG) is rapidly increasing, with the general im- 
portance of the .place, 

Vehsailles, p. v., and cap. Woodford eo.. Kij.: 13 m. 
S. E. Frankfort. It contains the county buildings. 

Versailli-s. p. v., and cap. Morgan county. Mn. : 37 in. 
W. S. W. Jelfei'son City. It contains a court-house, jail, 
etc. Pop. afiout Ciiit. 

Versailles, p. o,, Cattaraugus co., N, Y. : 274 m. W. 
Albany. 

Versaille.'!, p. v., Kulherford co., Tenn,: GO m. S. S. E. 
Nashville. 

VEitsrniiE, t. and p. v.. Orange county, Venn.: 24 ra. 
S. E. by S. Montpeiier. Drained by Ompompanoosuc r. 
Surface uneven and stony. The t. cont,aiu3 several saw and 
some other mills. Pop. 1,0T1. 
Vesper, p. o., Onondaga eo., JV Y. : 125 m.W.by N. Albany. 
Vestal, t. and p. v., Broome co., K Y. : on S. side of 
Susquehanna r.. 12G m. W. S. W. Albany. Surface uneven 
and broken. Drained by Choconut cr. and other streams 
flowing into the Susquehanna. This t. is very heavily tim- 
bered, and contains numerous saw-mills. Poj). of L in 1S40, 
1.253; in 1S50, 2.054. 

Vesutr'S FrusACE, p. 0., Lincoln co., i^. Cur.: 152 m 
W. by S. Ralci^di. 

Veteran, t. and p. o., Chemung connty, K Y.: ICO m. 
W. by S. Albany. Surface hilly; soil productive loam. 
Catharine's creek flows on its W. border, N. into Seneca 
lake, afi'ordiiig water-power. The i. contains several tan- 
neries: farming is the chief pm-suit. Pop. 2,69S. 

Veto, p. o., Washington co., CUdo : S4 m. S. E. by E 
Columbus. Probably John Tylersville. 

Vevat, p. v., and cap. Switzerland co., Iiul. : on the 
Ohio river, SS m. S. E. by S. Indianapolis. Lat. 38° 46' N., 
long. 84^^ 50' W. This v. occupies part of tlie tract of land 
granted on credit by the United States in 1S02 to a colony 
of families from Switzerland for the cultivation of the vine. 
The colony soon received a large addition from Switzer- 
hmd. The v. was laid out in 1S13. It has one of the most 
l>lea.sant sites on the Ohio r. It contains a court-house, 
jail, academy, several stores, etc. Many of the dwellings 
are neatly built of brick. The cultivation of the grape and 
manufacture of wine resembling claret is very extensively 
carried on. The " Palladium" (,ilera.) is here published, 
pop. about 1.500. 

ViAPi'CT, sta., Camliria county, Pe/in. : on Alleghany 
Portage E. E., 5 m. from Convmaugh, 2S m. from HoUi- 
daysburg. 

Vickert's Creek, p. o., Forsyth county^ Ga. : 103 m. 
N. W. Millcdgeville. 

ViCKSBURO, p. city, port of entry, and cap. Warren co., 
3fiss.: on E. bank of Mississippi r., 41 m.W. byN. Jackson. 
It is principally built on a high bluff, 200 feet above high- 
water mark, l)ut thi^ more business part of the city is on the 
bottom, along the river. About 2} m. above the city are tho 
Walnut Hills, which rise to an elevation of 500 feet above 
tlie river, presenting very fine scenery. The city contains 
a court-house and jail, 1 large pnlilic school, scver.al private 
academies, and 5 churches. An orphan asylum is about to 
be established. The business interests of the city are chiefly 
commercial. Immense quantities of cotton are annually 
.sent from thb place to New Orleans and o'lhcr points on the 
Mississippi. There is an excellent harbor for steamboats, 
with very convenient landings. The surronnding country 
is remarkably fertile, having a black loamy soil, well 
adapted to the cultivation of cotton, tobacco, and grain. 
The Vicksburg, Jackson, and Brandon E. E. extends hence 
through Jackson, 46 m. to Brandon, 60 m.. and will ulti- 
mately form a link in the Alabama and Mississippi E. E. 
from Montgomery and Selma westward ; and Vicksburg 
will also be a starting point for one of the lines of railroad 

S81 



VIC 



vm 



toward the Pacific, via Shreveport and Texas. The ton- 
nage of Vicksburg district on Snili .June, 1B50, was 460 tons, 
all of which was enrolled and licensed, perinanent, em- 
ployed in the coasting trade, and propelled by steam. 
During the year preceding it had no foreign commerce or 
ship-building. The newspaper press in 1S50 consisted of 
the "V. Sentinel'" (dem.) and the "V. Whig," each issuing 
tri-weekly and weekly editions. Vicksbtirg was incorpo- 
rated as a town in 1825, and as a city In 1836. Pop, in 
1S50, 3,WS. 

VicKSTTLLE, p. 0., Southampton county, Virff. : 63 ni. 
S. by E. Richmond. 

Victor, t., p. v., and sta., Ontario counfy> 2^. V. : 192 m. 
"W. by N. Albany. Surface of t. rolling. Iiraincd in K. and 
S. E. parts by Mud cr. and branches. The t. contains nu- 
merous saw, grist, and flouring mills, with several manufac- 
turing establishments. The Kochester and Syracuse K. R. 
passes through the v., 20 ra. from Rochester, &4 m. from Sy- 
racuse. The V. is a thriving place, v/ilh about 350 Inhabit- 
ants. Pop. of t. 2.230. 

Victor, t. and p. o., Clinton county, Mich. : 13 m. N. E. 
Lansing. A farming township. Pop. 217. 

Victoria county, Ttw. Situate S. E., and contains S04 
sq. m. Drained by Goiadalupe r., which passes through its 
western portion, and by GarcKas, Zarilla, and Casa Blanca 
creeks. Surface undulating and divtr;>ificd. A large por- 
tion is prairie, with timber intcrsi>ers(Mi ; soil very fertile 
and productive. Limestone is found. Farms S4 ; nianuf. 9 ; 
dwell. 327, and pop.— wh. 1,448, fr. col. 0, si, 571— total 2,019. 
Capital: Victoria 0. H. 

Victoria, p. c, Knox county, HI. : 87 miles N. by W. 
Springfield. 

Victoria, p. o., Daviess county, Mo. : 133 miles N. "W. 
Jefiferson City, 

Victoria, p, v., Bolivar co., JHss. : on E. bank of Mis- 
sissippi r., TOO m. N. N. W. Jackson. 

Victoria, p. v., and cap. Victoria co,, T>^. : on E. bank 
of Guadalupe r., 113 m. S. 8. E. Austin City. Lat. 2SO 
56' 47" N.. an<l long. 97^ 7' 30". The v. is pleasantly situ- 
ated, and is rapidly increasing in population. It contains the 
county buildings, etc. The Guadalupe when improved is 
easily navigable for steamboats 70 ra. from its mouth. It is 
here crossed by a bridge. The "Texas Advocate" (Indep.) 
is published weekly. 

Victory, I. and p. v., Cayuga co., 2^. T. : 153 m. W. by N. 
Albany. Surface rolling. Drained by Little Sndus cr. The 
t contains several tanneries, grist, and saw mills. The v. 
contains a church, stores, etc., and about 220 inhabitants. 
Pop. of t. 2,299. 

Victory, p. o., Wayne co., Tenn. : 77 m. 9. W. Nashville. 

ViDALiA, v., a. d cap. Concordia par., La.: on W. bank 
of Mississippi r., directly opposite Natchez, Miss., 77 m. 
N. by W. Baton Rouge. It is built nn one street parallel 
with the r., and contains the county offices. The " Concor- 
dia Intelligencer" (neut.) is issued weekly. 

Vienna, p. v., Pickens county, Ala. : on the Tombigbee 
r., near the junction of Sipsey r., 120 m. W. N. W. Mont- 
gomery. Pop. about 140. 

Vienna, p. v., and cap. Dooly co., Ga. : on N. side of 
branch of Flint r., 78 m. S. S. W. Milledgeville. It con- 
tains the court-house, jail, and several dwellings. 

Vienna, p. v., and cap. Johnson co.. HI. : 167 m. S. by E. 
Springfield. This is a pleasant little v. on Cash cr, con- 
taining the county buildings, etc. The projected Massac 
and St. Louis R. R. will pass through this plac«. Pop. 142. 

Vienna, p. v., and sta., Scott co., Jjid.: 63 m. 9. by E. 
Indianapolis. The Jefferson ville R. R. passes a liitle W. 
of the v., 27 m. from Jeffersonviilc, 50 m. from Edinburg. 

Vienna, t. and p. v., Kennebec co.. Me. : 15 m. N. W. 
Augusta. It contains a large pond in 9. part, and is water- 
ed on the W. by M'Curdy stream of Sandy r. Population 
of t. 851. 

Vienna, p. v. and port of entry, Dorchester co., Md. : on 
8S2 



W. side of Nanticoke r., 49 m. S. E. Annapolis. It has 
considerable trade, the river being navigable for sea-going 
vessels to this place, 24 m. above Chesapeake bay. It con- 
tains several stores, 2 churches, etc. The total tonnage of 
this district on June 30tb, 1S50, was 15,473 Ions enrolled anil 
licensed, and 537 tons '' licensed under 20 tons,"' all of which 
was employed in the coasting trade. During the year pre- 
ceding 27 schooners were built— 1,5;3;J tons. 

Vienna, p. c, Jackson par., La. : 150 m. N. W. by N. 
Battm Rouge. 

Vienna, p. v., Macomb county, MicJi. : 62 miles E, 
Lansing. 

Vienna, t. and p. v., Oneida co., J^. T. ; 112 m. W. N. W. 
Albany. Bounded S. "W. by Oneida lake. Surface rolling. 
Drained by Fish er. and other streams. The t. contains 
numerous saw-mills, etc Pop. 8,393. 

Vienna, t, Dane co., TTwc. .• 14 m. N. Madison. 

Vienna, p. o., Walworth co.. Wise. : 4S m. S. E. Madison, 

Vienna, t. and p. v., Trumbull county, Ohio: 144 miles 
N. E. by E. Columbus. Soil good. Drained by several 
small streams. Pop. of t. 1,007. 

Vienna Cross Roads, p. o., Clark county, Ohio: 83 m. 
W. by S. Columbus. 

Vigo county, Ind. Situate "W. on Wabash r., and con- 
t;iins 403 sq. m. It is drained by numerous streams falling 
into the Wabash, Surface level, or gently undulating, fiuu'- 
ly timbered, with prairies of small extent; auil rich and 
productive. Coal, freestone, and limestone abound. Farms 
1,U3; manuf. 130; dwell. 2,645, and pop.— wh. 14,566, fr. 
col. 733— total 15,2S9. aijv'tal: Terre Haute. Piihlir. 
Woi-ks: Wabash and Erie Canal ; Terre Haute and Ricb- 
mnnd R. R. ; Evansville and Illinois Extension R. R. ; the 
National Road, etc. 

Village Green, p. v., Delaware county, Penn. : 77 ra. 
E. S. E. Ilarrisburg. 

Village Springs, p. c, Blount co., Ala. : 10() m. N. by W. 
Montgomery. 

ViLLANovA, t. and p. 0., Chautauque co., A''. Y.: 230 m. 
W. Albany. Surface br(iken and uneven; soil best adapt- 
ed to grazing. Drained by Conewango cr. The t. con- 
tains mills of various kinds. Pop. 1,536. 

ViLLANovA, p. o., Walker county, Ga.: 156 m. N. W. 
Milledgeville. 

Villa Rica, p. o., Carroll co., Ga. : 114 m. W. N. W. 
Milledgeville. 

ViLLE Platte, p. o., St. Landry par., Za. ; 69 m. W. by N. 
Eaton Rouge. 

ViLiLA, p. 0., Russell county, Ala.: 71 miles W. by 3. 
Montgomery. 

ViNCENNEs, p. v., and cap. of Knox co., I7id. : on E. bank 
of Wabash r., 100 m. S. W. Indianapolis. Lat. SS° 43' N. ; 
long. 87^^ 25' W. The v. has a fine site along the river bank, 
and is regularly laid out, with wide streets crossing each 
other at right angles. It contains the county buildings, a 
fine town hall, good market-house, a U. S. land office, and 
several churches. The Catholic cathedral is a sjiacious and 
well-fiuislied edifice. Cctnsiderable attention is given to 
education. Of the principal institutions several are Roman 
Catholic, viz., an ecclesiastical seminary, female academy, 
with 150 pupils, and 2 orphan asylums, which, in 1852, con- 
tained 73 girls and 60 boys. The v. contains a branch of 
the State Bank of Indiana, cap. $147,200, and has some 
manufactures. The Wabash r. is here ^ m. wide, and is 
na\'igable to this place for steamboats. The railroads pass- 
ing through Viucennes are — Evansville and Illinois R. R.; 
and Ohio and Mississippi R. R. ; to whidi may be added a 
projected road, extending hence to Indianapolis. The 
"Vincennes Gazette" is here publi-*hed This place is the 
oldest .settlement in the State, and is invested with much 
historical interest. The French established a trading p. -si 
about 1702. A Catholic church had been established hero 
as early as 1749, in which year it received its name. In 17S3) 
all the families in the place were of French origin, except 



• • 



VIRGINIA. 



twelve. A considerable proportion of llie present popula- 
Uon is Iheir deaccuJants. In 1S05, the first ttrrilorial 
legislature assembled here, and, anion?; other acts, incor- 
fHirated Viucennes as a borougli. In 1&13, Ilie seat of i^ov- 
ernraent was removed lo Corydon. Tke country around is 
very fertile prairie land. Top. 2,070. 

ViNCPNT, t. and p. o., Chester co., Penti. : on S. "W. side 
of Scliuylivill r., G7 ra. K. Harrisburg. Pup. about 2,5(ia 

VcNCENTON, p. v., Bufliiigton CO., Ji. Ji-r.: an S. branch 
of liaucocus r., at junction of Stnp-the-jade cr., 19 miles 
S. Trenton. It contains several stores and mills, and 2 
churches. 

YiNKVAHD, p. 0., Grand Isle co., Venn. ; 53 m. N. N. "W- 
Montpelicr. 

YiNEVAKD Mills, p. o., Huntingdon co., Perin, : 65 m. W. 
ilarri^burg. Here is a hot-blast chareoal furnace, with an 
annual capacity of 1,600 tons. 

ViNEt Geove, p. o., Lincoln co., Tcitn. : 72 m. 3. by E. 
Nashville. 

YiNLAND.Land p. 0.,'NVinnebago C'jvnity, ]^i|■6\^ .• S J miles 
N. N. E. Madison. Pop. 75G. 

Vinton county, Ohio. Situate toward the S. E., and con- 
tains 416 sq. m. Drained by liaccoon cr. and its afil-ents, 
and by branches of Sciuto r. Surface hUly, and in parta 



broken ; soil in general fertile, and favorable to the culture 
of wheat and grain. Coal is found. Farms SOG ; manuf. 24 ; 
dwell. 1.5G9, and pup.— wh. 9,246, fr. col. 107— total 9,353. 
Capital: M'Arthurstuwu. FuMic \{ork-s : Scioto and Hock- 
ing Valley 11. R. ; Ciucionati and Marietta U. K. 

Vinton, p. v., and cap. Benton CO., la. ; on a branch of 
Cedar r., 40 m. N. W. Iowa City, It contains the county 
buildings, etc 

Vinton, p. v., Gallia co., Ohio : on W, side of "Eaccoon r., 
75 m. S. E, by S. Columbus. It contains an academy, a few' 
stores and mills. Iron ore and mineral coal are found in the 
vicinity. 

Viola, p, o., Delaware co.. la. : 54 m. N. Iowa City. 

YioLv. p. o., lilouut CO., Ala.: on N. side of Little War- 
rior r., 104 ni. N. by W. Montgomery. 

YiBGEN river, Utah: rises in the "Wahsatch mountains, 
flows iii southerly course, to its couOueuce with the F.io 
Colorado. 

ViKoiL, t. and p. v., Cortland co., JV; T. : 123 ra. W. by S. 
Albimy. Surface uneven ; st>il fertile loam. Drained S. by 
Tiuughnioga r. The v. contains S chmrches, stores, etc 
Pop. of t. 2,410. 

YinciL, p. o., Fulton county, III.: W m. N. "W. by N. 
Springfield. 



THE STATE OF VIRGINIA. 



YinorNiA, perhaps, in natural resources, as well as in geographical position, one of the most important States of the 
Uninn. lies gencruUy between the latitudes 36° 3'/ and 39^43' north, au'l extends east and west between longitudes 75° 40' 
and 83° S3' west, and is bounded on the north hy Pennsylvania and Maryland, on the east by the Atlantic Ocean and 
Chesapeake Bay, on the south bv North Carolina and Tennessee, and on the west by Kentucky and Ohio. With the ex- 
ception of the long tongue of land between Pennsylvania and the Ohio Iliver, and the peninsular pn.jectiop between the 
Chesape.ake Buy and the ocean, the State has an average length of 355 miles, and a breadth of 21S miles, and comprises 
an area cnmpute<I at 61,352 square miles. 

Virginia is naturally divided into east and west by the Blue Kidge, a division which obtains also in the distribution of 
the federd judieiary ; but according to the Slate conptitution. it is divided into four districts or sections— the Tide Wat^r, 
below the lower falls of the rivers; Ihe Piefhiio7it, between those falls and the Blue Kidge ; the Vall^!/, between theBlu^ 
Fadge and the Alleghan\' ; and the Traits Alle^ftany — the latter comprising all the country west of Oio mountain range?. 
The first mounLiins are fuund inthePieduiontseetion, whichis traversed by a low ridge, under the local names of White Oak, 
Southern, etc., and running nearly paralli-d with the Blue Bidge, at a distance of 25 or 30 miles. The Blue Ridge, althou;ih 
pierced by the Potomae, James, and Stauntnn rivers, ct'nstitules a well-marked and continuous chain of more than 250 
miles in length. In general, it forms rounded, swelling masses, hut in several places, and especially the Peaks of Otte r^ 
sho'rt up in |irojecting summits to the hwght of 4,200 feet The Kittatitiy, or Blue Mountain, enters the State farther 
west, under the name of Great North Mountain, laA forming the centre of the great plateau or table-land of Virginia, Is 
continued, under various local names, until it takes the name of Iron Mountain, and enters Nor!h Carolina. It is pierced 
by the Potomac and James rivers running easlwardly, and by the New Kiver running westwardly. West of Ibis great 
ridge lie several detaehed masses, bearing the local names of Sideling Hill, t*lc. Sfill farther west is the great Alleghany 
chain, which is broken through by New Iliver anil other streams to the north. Powell's Mountain appears to be au oul-lier 
of this chain, and reaches to the height of 4,500 feet. Westward of the Alleghany there is a general elope toward the 
Ohio; but several other considerable chains traverse this section, the principal of which is Laurel Mountain, of which 
Greenbrier, Great Flat Top, and the Cumberland Mf^nntaius aj)pcar to forEn a part. With the exception of Pennsylvania, 
Virginia is the only other State of the Union that has territory on both sides of the Alleghany Mountains. 

Virginia has noble rivers and streams, useful as channels of commerce or for inilustrial purjwses. With few excep- 
tions, the Ohio Biver west, and Chesapeake Bay ca.'*t of the mountains, are the recipients of the waters of the whole State : 
;bo3e of Eastern Virginia flow, with an almost uniform south-easterly course, into the bay, carrying with them also the 
waters of the great valley, excepting only those of New Biver and the Ilolston, on the extreme southern part. 

The Potomac rises in the Great Back Bone, but a fi^w miles from the Ynughiogeny, and pursuing a devious course, 
fjrccs its way through the several intermediate mountain* chains to the Piedmont section, where it is broken by falls nine 
miles above Georgetown, at which place it meets the tide-water, and .about 100 miles below, after a course of 350 miles, it 
reaches the Chesapeake. At Alexandria, 290 miles from the ocean, it is 1 J miles wide, and below the city gradually ex- 
pands, till at its mouth it forms a broad estuary, 10 miles in breadtli. Ships-of-thc-line :iscend to the navy-yard at Wa«h- 
ingtoti; above this it is obstructed by numerous falls and n'pids. The principal tributjirics of the Potomac are its South 
Branch, which ri.ses near the head-slreania of James Biver, the Great C.acapon, and Ihe Shenan<loah, the latter of which 
flowfl about 120 miles along the western base of the Blui- Uidge, and joins the main river at Harper's Ferry. ''The pas- 
sage of the Potomac through the Blue Bidge,"' says Mr. Jefferson, '■ is pcrha^JS one of the most stupendous scenes in 
nature." 

The Rappa^iannocJc rises in the Blue Ridge, and receives the Bapid Ann from the same ridge, and falling over the 
primary ledge of Frederickslmrg, 100 miles from its mouth, there reaches tide-waU-r. Vessels <.f 140 Ions ascend it to this 
point. York Biver, formed by the union of the Pamunky and Maltapony, partakes rather of the charaet*-r of a long nar- 
row bay than of a river; to the junction, 40 miles from the bay. it is from two lo four miles wide, and large vessels pass 
to Yorktown— small(-r ones ascend some diatancr above the bifurcation. 

Jamc^ liiver, the j.riucipal riwrof Virginia, rises in the Alleghany Mountains in several head streams, of which Jark- 



'• 



VIRGINIA. 



eon's Kiver must be cfmsklered the main constituent; after liaviog received the Cow Pasture and the C;ilf Pasture rivers 
from the north. It forc-s its way througli the Blue Kidge, and falling over numerous pitches, meets ttie tide 100 miles from 
its raoulb at Kiidimond, which is accessible to vessels of 140 tons. The only considerable tributary of this river below the 
Blue Kidge is the Appt)mjittox, whifh carries seven feetof waler to Petersburg, 12 miles. The James River and Kanawha 
Ganat, now complete lo Balcony Falls, at the passage of the Blue Ridge, is constructed along the valley of the river, and 
is one of the most stupen<ious and important works in the United States. 

The 3[^lwrrin and Nottoicay are small rivers, which unite in North Carolina, and form the Chowan. The Koanoke 
is formed in Virginia by the junction of Dan Pivtr and Staunton River, two rapid mouulairi streams which rise, the 
former in the Blue Ridge, and the latter in the North MouiiUnu. The larger part of the Roanoke is through North Caro- 
lina, which State it enters about 40 miles below the union of its constituent rivers. 

The great rivers of Western Virginia, flowing to the Ohio River are — the Monongahela. ono of the constituents of diat 
river; the Kanawha ; the Giiyan^Iotte ; the Big Sandy, etc. The Monongahela is formed in Virginia by the junction of 
the West Branch and Tygart'a Valley River, and beyond tlie Pennsylvania line it receives Cheat River, which descends 
from Greenbrier Mountain, and which is navigable fnr boats for a considerable distance. Little Kanawha River rises in 
the same district with tlie west branch of Monongahela River, and enters the Ohio at Parkersburg. The Kanawha, the 
principal river of Western Virginia, rises in the Blue Ridge, in North Carolina, and bears the name of New River until 
it nnites with Gauley River, a small affluent from Greenbrier Mountain. The Greenbrier, above the latter, and the Elk 
and Coal rivers below it, are its principal tributaries. It is navigated by steamboats to Charleston, 60 miles from its mouth. 
The Covington and Ohio R. R., and the James River and Kanawha Canal traverse the valley of this river. The Guyan- 
dotte and Big Sandy enter the Ohio below the Kanawha— the latter forming partof the l)oundary between Kentucky and 
Virginia. TJie Holston and Clinch, which drain the south-western section of the Great Valley of Virginia, pass into Ten- 
nessee, and uniting at Kingston in tliat State, form the Tennessee River. 

Virginia is an almost boundless field of mineral wealth, and within its limits, not only the useful, but also the precious 
metals are found in one part or the other. Gold, copper, kad, iron, coal, salt, lime, marls, gypsum, magnesian and alum 
earths, marbles, granites, soap-stones, and sand-sloncs are among the treasures, as yet for the most part lying unheeded 
in the bowels of the eartli. Mining industry, however, has been commenced, and within the past few years has been 
wonderfully developed. 

The first coal-field is found at the junction of the Tide-Water and Piedmont sections, and this extends fVom the Pamunky 
by Richmond to the xVppomattox, a distance of about thirty-five miles, with a breadth of from one or two lo eight miles. 
The coal is bituminous, in seams of enormoas thickness, being 30," 40, and even 60 feet thick, and of excellent quality. 
Coal has also been found on both sides of the Upper Appomattox. The coal of the Richmond basin is now extensively 
mined, and a railway to the principal mines has been built to facilitate its transportation to tide-water. Anthracite of 
creat purity is found in the valley from the Potomac to the James River, south of which it contains a considerable portion 
of bitumen. Beyond the Alleghanies there are some of the most extensive and valuable deposits of bituminous coal in 
the United States, which derive additional value from their being associated with not loss important beds of iron and salt. 
At Wheeling, ou the Ohio, and for fourteen miles down tiie river, the bank presents an uninterrupted bed of highly bitu- 
minous coal, upward of 16 feet thick. The Wheeling basin, indeed, extends for 30 miles up and down the river in Ohio 
and Virginia. Another vast field stretches above Clarksburg, ou the Monongahela to Pittsburg, and far beyond to the 
north-east in Penus} Ivania. There is also a valuable coal-field on the head-waters of the north branch of the Polomau. 
Thus we have five tiers of coal seams, with an average thickness of from .30 to 35 feet. There are also coal seams associ- 
ated with salt springs on the Little Kanawha, and springs of petroleum, or rock oil, occur in the same tract. On the Great 
Kanawha is also a very rich and extensive coal-fiekl ; and on Coal, Gauley, and other rivers in this portion of Western 
Virginia, the beds of this mineral are frequently brought to view, and in fact no better general description can be pre- 
sented of its extent than that it is almost continuous with Uie vast beds of sandstone which spread lu nearly horizontal 
planes over nearly the whole of this broad region. 

The salines of Virginia are almost wholly in the west Salt-springs occur on the Holston, on llie New River, and on 
the Greenbrier ; but the most Important works ai'C on the Great and Little Kanawha rivers. The brine is raised by 
sieam-power, and evaporated in large cast-iron pans over furnaces. The brine of the Kanawha wells contains very little 
gypsum or sulpluiret of lime, and the process of crystal izati on is therefore attended with fewer dilBculties than usual. The 
average yield of salt is about one bushel from every 05 or 70 gallons of brine. 

The mineral springs of Virginia have long been noted for their efficiency in numerous chronic complaints, and as the 
resort of the fashionable world in the summer season. The State abounds with these, but the best known are the White 
and Blue Sulphur Springs of Greenbrier county, the Salt and Red Sulphur, and the Sweet in Monroe county. Hot and 
Warm in Bath, Berkley in Morgan, Fauquier White Sulphur in Pauquier, Shannondale in Frederick, Alum in Rockbridge, 
Jordan's White Sulpnur in Frederick, Red in Alleghany, Grayson in Carroll, Botetourt in Roanoke, Holston in Scott, Au- 
gusta Springs and Daggus Springs in Botetourt. 

Of the metalic products of Virginia, gold is at present perhaps the most important. It is found on both the North and 
Rapid Ann fivers, of the North and South Anna near their sources, of the Rivanna, in the lower part of its course, and 
of James River, above and below the mouth of the Rivanna. "Wilhin the past few years, several rich mines have been 
opened and worked successfully in these and other sections of the Slate. We believe that Commodore Stockton was one 
of the first who introduced into Virginia effective machinery for reducing on a large scale the quartz-rock, and demon- 
strating that a profitable business could be done in this branch of mining. The Stockton mines are located in Fluvanna 
county. Among other at present productive mines are those of William M. Mosely & Co_, and of the Garnctt Mining 
Company, in Buckingham county. There are also mines more or less productive in Spottsy Ivania, in Stafford, in Fauquier, 
in Culpepper, in Orange, in Louisa, and in Goochland counties. 

" It is a matter of not less mortification,*' says a Report of the Manufacturers' Convention, 1851, " th m astonishment, 
that Virginia, with an area of coal measures covering not less than 21,000 square miles, very much of which lies on or 
near navigable waters, and capable of yielding all the varieties of British co:tl, and of equal quality, should be reduced 
to ihe actual production of leas than 200,000 tons, of the value of $650,000, while Great Britain with little more than half 
the extent of cOal .measures, produces annually 37,000.000 tons, of about the value of 137,000,000 at the mines, and 
$180,000,000 at the market of sale. And in regard to the iron-trade, while Virginia lias an unlimited supply of the finest 
ores, easily accessible for use and transportation, with the greatest abundauce of coal, wood, and limestone for their mau- 
^S4 



VIRGINIA. 



ufaclurc, yet under the operaa-ai of Ihe present revenue luwa nf ihe ooiintry. her produelion, in 3pite of all the efforts of 
the Sl;ite to encourage it, lias shrunk to an almost inconsiderable amount, an<! is in danger of utter ruin." 

The soils of Virginia are naturally of a most fertile nature, but in the old settlements they liave been exhausted by a 
vicious system of tillage. In many parts, however, a renovation lias been effected by the application of proper fertilizers, 
and the adoption of a more scientiflc mode of culture. The Kawlcrn and Piidniout sections are chiefly en^aijed in the 
produclion of Indian corn and tobacco, the latter of which is one «»f ihe great staples of the State. Cotton is also pro- 
duced in these 5eotit)ns. In the valley, the crops are much the same, (excepting: that wheat takes the place of cotton, and 
the system of agriculture is superior to that followed in the lower country. Beyond the mountains. an<l westward to the 
Ohio river, is a fine euunlry, adapted in soil and climate to the successfid cnllun- of all the grains, roots, and jiroducts of 
the Middle Slates, and equally propitious to the breeding and rearing of cattle ami other domestic animal?. Il is not only 
a great ligrieiiltural district, but it is alike rich in minerals and nictids of the greatest importance and value, and will 
eventually become the workshop of the State, as it is now the granary. 

BoM scenery is one of the distinguishing features of Virginia; and no other Stale presents so many or so magnifieenl 
results of Nature convulsed. At Harper's Ferry, where the Potomac breaks through the Blue Kidge. the disruption has 
left behind it indelible marks of its force. Tlie "Natural Bridge'' below Lexington, according to Jefferson, is '■■ the most 
sublime of Nature's works. It is an arch reaching acr^iss a narrow ravine, which extends for soLue distance above and 
below, at the height of 215 feet above llie stream which flows under it, SO feet wide and 93 feet long ;" and again ho says, 
"so beautiful and arch, so elevated, so light, and springing as it were up to heaven ! the rapture of the spectator is really 
indescribable." These are hut a moiety of the magnificent scenes of the country ; everywhere in the Great Valley, and 
among its mountain borders, are fovmd spectacles of grandeur and sublimity. Virginia has also numerous caves and 
caverns, of which Madison's Cave and "Weir's Cave, both in the vicinity of Staunton, are those best known, Madison's 
Cave extends about 300 feet into the earth, branching into subordinate caverns, and terminating in two basins of water, 
of about 30 or 40 feet in depth. Weir's cave is much more extensive, and its numerous halls and chambers are pillared 
with an astonishing profusion of stalactites, which in some places resendile sliffuned water-falls, in others hanging in rich 
festoons and folds like lapeslry, or seem to rise from the floor like columns, thrones, lowers, or statues; it extends 1,260 
feet into the ground, antl contains upward of 20 large rooms, besides numerous passages and galleries. One of these 
halls is 260 feet in length. So feet high, and from 10 to 20 feet wide ; and another is ISS by 15 fi-cl, with a height of 60 feet. 

Virginia is divided into 137 couniics, the general statistics of whicli, and the capitals of each, iu 1S50, were as follow : 



Ea-stern ViRorN 



CoiiMtieB. 


D..C.1I. 


Pon- 


Farms 

ilK'illt. 




[■ Capitala. 


Accomac 


. 2,640. 


.17,F90. 


.1,007. 


. 17. 


. Accomac 


Albemarle .... 


. 2,023. 


.26,800. 


. 985. 


.102. 


.Charlottesville 


AIcxaiKlria ... 


. 1,4*4. 


.10,008. 


. 94. 


. 89. 


.Alexandria 


Amelia 


. 563. 


. 9.770. 


. 354. 


. 6. 


. Amelia 


Amhfrst 


. 1,127. 


.12,099. 


. 738. 


. 


.Amherst 


Appnmallox... 


. 7>5. 


. 9,193. 


. 502. 


. 10. 


.Appomattox 


Ewif.ii-d 


2,39(1. 


.24,0^0. 


.1,364. 


. 16. 


.Liberty 


Brunswick. .*. . 


. 1,051. 


.l.'!,S94. 


. 665. 


. 4 


.Lawreneo\iIle 


Buckinsrham.. 


. 1,002. 


.18.S37. 


. 616. 


. 5. 


.Buckingham 


Camiilifll 


. 3,-J03. 


.23.245. 


. 75S. 


.119. 


.Campbell 


Caroline 


. 1,451. 


.18.4.56. 


. 715. 


. 61. 


.Bowling Green 


Charlotle 


. 903. 


.13,9,55. 


. 563. 


. 6 


.Chai*>tle 


Charles Cily . . 


. 4S6. 


. 5,200. 


. 199. 


. 6. 


.Charles Cily 


Clicsterflrl-J . . . 


. 1,757. 


.17.4^9. 


. 664. 


. 30. 


. Cheslerfleld' 


Culpepper . . . . 


. 1,0S4. 


.12.252. 


. 504. 


. 53. 


. Culpepper 


Ciimberlaiul . . 


. 640. 


. 9,751. 


. 893. 


. 9. 


. Cumberland 


Diiiwiiltlie 


2,745. 


25,118. 


. 703. 


. 71. 


.Dinwiddle 


F.lizabelhCity. 


. 4S6. 


. 4,.5S0. 


. 173. 


. 12. 


. Hampton 


Essex 


725. 


10.206. 


328. 


. 17. 


.Tappahaunock 


Fairfax 


. 1..3SI1. 


.10,6^2. 


. 610. 


. 8. 


.Fairfax 


Fauquier 


. 1,6.39. 


.20,568. 


. 8S9. 


. 62. 


.Warrenton 


Fluvanna 


. 873. 


. 9,4,S7. 


. 454. 


. 61. 


.Palmyra 


Franklin 


2,024. 


.17,480. 


1.299. 


. 47. 


. Kocky Mount 


Gloucester.... 


1,000. 


10,527 


. 573. 


. 63 


. Gloucester 


Goochland 


. 876. 


.10,.853. 


. 405. 


. 49. 


.Goochland 


Greene 


. 494 


. 4,400 


. 301. 


. 24 


.Stannartlsville 


Greenville 


. SS5 


, 5.639 


. 242. 


. 3 


Ilicksford 


Ilaliras 


. 2,152. 


.2.5,902. 


.1,309. 


. 21. 


.Halifax 


Uanover 


. 1,.327. 


16,1.58. 


603. 


32. 


Hanover 


Henrico 


. 5,317. 


.43,572. 


. 454. 


.230. 


.RICHMOND 


Henry 


. 936. 


. 8.872. 


. 528. 


. 41. 


.Marlinsville 


Isle of ■Wighl. 


. 1,200. 


. 9..353. 


. 629. 


. 13. 


.Smithfleld 


•Tames Cily . . . 


. S96. 


. 4.020. 


129. 


0. 


■Williamsburg 


Kins George.. 


. 626. 


. 5,971. 


. 279. 


8. 


King George 


King William. 


. 625. 


. 8,779. 


. 3S3. 


. 10. 


.King William 
Westers Viesin 


Cfiumt^fl. 


nw,>ii. 


P^P. 


Farma 
in cull. 


m«n.,( 

E.Ub 


Capitalfl. 


Alleghany .... 


. 464. 


. S..M5. 


. 216. 


11. 


Covington 


Autruala 


. 8,207. 


.24.610. 


.1,264. 


181. 


Staunton 


Barbour. . .. 


. 1,407. 


. 9.005. 


1,075. 


0. 


rhilippa 



lA — 69 counties. 

Counties, Dwell. 

King & Queen. 892. 

Lanca.ster. 426 

Loudon 2,S:M. 

Louisa 1,254. 

Ltmenburg 820. 

Madison 627. 

Mathews 711. 

Mecklenburg .. l,5l>0 

Middlesex 401. 

Nansemond ... 1,.523. 

Nelson 1,217. 

New Kent 535. 

Norfolk 3,906. 

N<irthamplon .. C93, 

Ncirlhumberl'd. 039. 

Nottoway 492. 

Or.ange 756. 

Palriek 1.248. 

PilLsylvania... 2,804 

Powhatan 517. 

Prime Kdward. 6li5. 

Prince George. 661. 

Princess Anne . 693. 

Prince William 995. 

Eappahalmock. 990 

Ilirlunonil 505. 

Southampton... 1,572. 

Spollsylvania. . 1,416. 

.Staftord 922. 

Surry 650. 

Sussi'X 751 . 

Warwick I.'i2. 

Westmoreland. 869. 

York 442. 

lA — 63 counties. 

Cninties. Ewell. 

Bath 410. 

Berkeley 1,663. 

Boone 495. 



. Pop. 


Farms 
iu luOt. 


S'."' <^»■">•«'■■ 


.10,819, 


. 602. 


. 6. 


.King&Q.C.H 


. 4,708. 


. 299. 


. 4 


.Lancaster 


.22,079. 


.1,256. 


.139 


.Leesburg 


.16.691. 


. 838. 


. 22 


.Louisa 


.11.692. 


. 548. 


. 13 


.Lunenburg 


. 9.331. 


. 513. 


. 38 


.Madison 


. 6.714. 


. 393. 


. 8 


, Matiiews 


.20,6.30. 


. 606. 


. 25 


.Boyillown 


. 4.394. 


. 280. 


. 14 


. Urbanna 


.12,283. 


. 731. 


. 82 


.Suffolk 


.12.7.55. 


. 683. 


. 70 


.Livingston 


. 0,064. 


. 313. 


12. 


.New Kent 
( Norfolk and 


.33,036. 


. OlS. 


75. 


■/ PiirlsmoulU 


. 7,493. 


. 371. 


. 11 


.Eastville 


. 7,346. 


. 493. 


. 3. 


.Norlbumberl'd 


. 8,437, 


. 843. 


. 17. 


.Nottoway 


.10,067. 


. 335. 


48. 


. Orange 


. 9.6119. 


. 74S. 


27. 


.Patrick 


.23,796. 


1,524. 


109. 


.Competition 


. 8.173. 


. 812. 


0. 


.Scotteville 


.11.557. 


421. 


S6. 


.Trinee Edward 


. 7,596. 


312. 


0. 


.Prince George 


. 7.669. 


. 712. 


8. 


.Princejw Anne 


. 8,129. 


679. 


23. 


.Brentsville 


9.732. 


473. 


84. 


.Washington 


6,443. 


836. 


4. 


.Warsaw 


.13.521. 


732. 


6. 


.-Ternsalera 


.14,510. 


429. 


15. 


.Spoitsylvania 


. 8,044 


860. 


14. 


.Stafford 


. 5.679. 


301. 


5. 


.Surry 


. 9,320. 


472. 


23. 


.Su.ssex 


1,640. 


91.. 


0. 


Warwick 


8.OS0. 


448. 


6. 


Westmoreland 


. 4,460. 


101. 


0. 


.Torktown 


P(,p. 


Farm. 
Ill lull. 


fS' '="r"«". 


. 8.426. 


201. 


17. 


Bath 


.11,771. 


570. 


81. 


.MartinsbuiTg 


. 3,237. 


801. 


8. 


Boooo 
685 



TIRGINIA. 



Counties. BwelJ. Pop. 

Botetourt 1,808.. 14,908 

Braxton 679.. 4,212 

Brooke 839 , 

Cabell 976. 

Carroll 996. 

Ctarke 636. 

Doddridge 52.5. 

Fayette 593. 

Floyd 987. 

Frederick 3,325. 

Giles 919. 

Ciilmer 571. 



1,001. 
1,419. 
2,035. 
690. 
1,327. 



Grayson . . . 
Greenbrier 
Hampshire 
Hancock . . 

Hardy 

Harrison . . 

Highland 651, 

Jackson I,(i34 

Jefferson 1,960 

Kanawha 2,110, 

Lee 1,636 

Lewis 1,533 

Logan 572. 

Marion 1.7S6. 

MarshaU 1,663. 

Mason 1,151 

Mercer 655 

Monongalia 2,124 



. 5,054.. 
, 6,299.. 
, 5.909.. 
. 7,352.. 
, 2,750.. 
, 3.955.. 
. 6,458.. 
16,975 
, 6,570 
. 3,475.. 
, 6,677.. 
10,022.. 



in c„lt, E.lab. '^"l"'""- 

3S..Fincastlo 
10..Br,-;,:on 
, 29..AVtlls;>urj 
SS.. Cabell 
11.. Carroll C. H. 



712. 



493. 
115. 



271.. 48..Berryville. 



240.. 
428.. 
444.. 
1,055. . 
5.39.. 
825.. 
604.. 
603.. 



1-1,0.36.. 1,063 



4,050. 
9,543. 



806.. 26 
723.. 49 



1,866.. 11,728..] 
. 4,217.. 
. 6,644.. 
.15,357.. 
.15,353.. 
.10,267.. 
.10.031.. 
. 3,620.. 
,11,552.. 
.10,1.38.. 
. 7.539.. 
. 4,222.. 
.12,387.. 



602. 
447. 
777. 
595. 
878. 
469. 
904. 
847. 
503. 
472. 
727. 



2.. West Union 
7..rayelteTme 
16.. Floyd 
89. .'Winchester 
0.. Giles 
2..Glenvillo 
0. .Greenville 
CLewisburg 
57..Komney 
Hancock. 
Moorcfield 
34..Clarkesbuig 
7..Montemy 
Itipley 
Charlestown 
Kanawha 
Jouesville 
Weston 
Logan 
Fairmount 
19.. Marshall 
9. .Point Pleasant 
2.. Princeton. 
57. .Morjjantown 



. 16. 
,165. 
110. 
, 5. 
, 27. 
0. 
44. 



Monroe 1,576. .10,204.. 910.. 30. .Union 



Counties. Dwell, Top. 

Montgomery... 1,121.. 8,869 

Morgan 606. 

^'ichola3 Ci12. 

Ohio 8,097. 

Page 1,089. 

Pendleton 891. 

Pocahontas 558 . 

Pnston 1,604. 

Pulaski 585. 

I'lilnam 788. 

Kalcigh 296. 

Randolph 844. 

Eitchie 649. 

Itoanoke 925. 

Kockbridge 1,908. 

Eoekingham .. 8,047. 

Eussell 1,7S6. 

Scott 1.523. 

Shenandoah ... 2,143. 

Smylh 1,146. 

Taylor 813. 

T.TZewell 1,449. 

Tyler 949. 

Warren 828.. 6,607 

Washington ... 2,187 

Wayne 749. 

Wetzel 716, 

Wirt 523 

Wood 1,654. 

Wyoming 248, 

Wythe 1,631 



800 
418. 
876 
626. 
693, 
.353. 
1,019, 
801, 
455 
216, 
879, 
385. 
40.1 
666 



8,557. 

8,963. 
,18.006. 

7,600. 

5,795. 

8,598. 
11.708. 

5,115.. 
. 5,.385.. 
, 1,765.. 
, 5,243.. 

8,902.. 

8,477.. 
,16,045.. 
20.294. .1,213 
,11,919.. 942 

9,329. 
.1.3,763. 

8,162.. 

6,.367.. 

9,942.. 

6,498.. 



14,612.. 1,143 

4,760.. 473, 

4,284. . 

3.353.. 

9,450.. 

1,645.. 
12,024.. 



in.H.lL Eslnb. Capitals. 

. 546.. CChristiansbur^ 



9.. Berkley Spr'gs 
l..Nichii!asC.H. 
143.. Wheeling 
28..Lur.ay 
56.. Franklin 
14. .IIuntersvilTe 
5. .Kingswood 
19. .Newbem 
21.. Putnam 
O..Ealeigh 
. . Beverly 
8..Eilehie 
E., Salem 
57. .Lexington 
167.. Harrisonburg 
14. .Lebanon 
614.. 82..Esiniville 
554.. 7.. Woodstock 
460.. 22. .Marion 
619.. 19..Primlytown 
726.. 12.. Tazewell 
417.. 15. .MiddlebMime 
897.. 84.. Front Eoyal 
112. .Abingdon 
9.. Wayne 
423.. S.. Wetzel 
809.. 7. .Wirt 
640.. 2-:..Parkcrsburg 
183.. 0. .Wyoming 
668.. 22..Wytheville 



The whole number of dwellings in the State, at the above date was, 165.815; of families, 167,530; and of inhabilanis, 
1,421.661 ; viz., whites S96.304— males 451,552, and females 443,752 ; fr. cnl. 53,829— males 25,843, and females 27,986, and • 
si. 472,528. Of the whole population there were, deaf and dumli—yih. 581, IV. col. 18, si. 112— tol.al 711 ; blind— vih. 536, 
fr. col. 121, si. 339- total 996 ; !)isu7j<!— wh. 922, fr. col. 46, si. 63— total 1.026 ; and idiotic—yth. 945, fr. col. 130. si. 220— totsl 
1,285. The number of free persons bom in the United States was 925.795, the number of foreign birth 22,394, and of 
birlh unknown 685. The native population originaleU as follows: Maine 271, N. Hamp. 239, Verm. 231, Mass. 1,198, 
E. I. 100, Conn. 556, N. York 2.9.34, N. Jer. 11,447, Penn. 6,823, Del. 542, Md. 10,323, Dist. of Col. 1,184, Virginia 872,823, 
N. Car. 7,343, 8. Car. 281, Ga. 93, Flor. 26, Ala. 92, Miss. 78, L; . 93, Te.t. 7, Ark. 150, Tenn. 1,601, Ky. 2,029, Ohio 5,206, 
Mich. 33, Ind. 2S8, III. 126, Mo. 223, la. 87, Wise. 11, Calif. 4, Territories 3; and the foreiyii population was composed of 
persons from— England 2.993, Ireland 11,643, Scotland 947, Wales 17S, Germany 5,511, France 321, Spain 29, P.irlugal 51, 
Belgium 7, Holland 65, Italy 63, Austria 15, Switzerland 83, Enssia 9, Denmark 16, Norway 5, Sweden 16, Prussia 86, 
China 3, Asia 4, Africa 3, British America 235, Mexico 4, Central America 1, South America 7, West Indies 72, Sand- 
mch Islands 1, and other countries 76. 

The following t;ible will show the decennial progress of the popnlation since the first census of the Slate, taken by the 
United Slates authorities : 

Ci>lorett Persona. Decennial Increase. 

Census Wtiite . ^ , Total , , 

Years. Persons. Free. Slnfe Toial, Popi.lstion. Nnmeri.al, i'er cent. 

1790 443,115 12,766 29.3,427 306,193 748,308 — — 



1800 514,280 20,124 846,796 365,920. . .. 

1810 551.534 80,570 892,518 43-3.033. . . . 

1S20 ...f.. . .61)3,087 87,189 425.153 462.292. . . . 

1S80 694,800 47,343 469.757 817.105.... 

1810 710.953 49,852 448,937 498,839.... 



. . . 830,200 181.892 17.6 

... 974.622 94,422 10.7 

...1,065,379 90,757 9.8 

. . .1.211.405 146.026 18.T 

...1.239.797 28.392 2.8 

. . .1,421,061 131.864 14.6 



1850 895,304 53.829 472.523 526.357. 

The aggregate statistics of the resources, wealth, productirms, manufactures, and institutions of the State, according to the 
census of 1850, and other official returns referring to the same period of lime, are as exhibited in the following summ.ary : 

Occupied Landa, etc. — Improved farm lands, 10,861.155 acres, and uninipmved huul.s, 15,792,176 acres — valued in caslj 
at $216,401,441. The whole number of farms uiuier cnliivalion on the 1st .tunc, 18.50, was 77,013— in the Eastern District 
87,741, and in the Western District 89.272. Value of fanning iinplement.s and niachiuery. $7,021,772. 

Zive-Stock.—UoTBes, 272,408 ; asses and mules, 21 ,4S0 ; milch cows, 317,61 9 ; working-oxen, 89.513 ; other cattle, 669,187 ; 
sheep, 1,.310,"04; and swine, 1,830,743. The live-stock ol 1340, and the comparison of that with the live-stock of 1850, 
exhibit the following results ; , 



Desi-riptio 
Horses. ... 



Asses and Mules 

Milch Cows 

Working Oxen J. 1,024,148 

Other Cattle 

Sheep 1,293,772 

Swine 1,992.1,55 



\ 826,433 head \ 272,40-8 head 

I I 21,450 " 



i\Inrement. 

...deer. 82,555 head, or 9.9 per cent 



[■1,0' 



—in 1850, the total value of live-stock was estimated at $83,656,6 



817.619 
89,613 

669,13: 
1,SM.004 
1,880,743 



j 817.619 " J 

-j 89,613 '• V 

I 669,137 " ) 



.incr. 62,121 



incr. 16,2.32 

dew. 161.412 



or 6.1 



or 8. 



VIRGINIA. 



ilea 


1 ,nii,S09 " 


or 69.7 


ilK'l 


. CTf,,T23 " 


or 1.9 


dec, 


S,272,(11T " 


or 34.3 


(Ji'cr 


61.9OT " 


or 70.9 


dea 


2S,9.>4 " 


or 11.3 



i'/w/«cfeo/'.fIni/ni/t«.— Wool, 2,3G0,Ti'«pramil3; butter, ll,n39,.359 pounds; cheese, 438,293 pounds; and tlu' value of 
animals slaughtered during the year was $7,o03,(l()6. The wool crop accounted for in the census of 1S4U amounted to 
2,5:33,374 pounds ; and henco the incretise iu the crop of 1350 was .".22,391 pounds, or in the ratio of 12.7 per ct^ulum. In 
1340, tlje average clip per fleece was 31.4 onn.fs, ;ud in 155:'. .' ■-'lucc. : ir^kin; an increase in 1350 of 3.9 ounces per 
fleece, or 12.4 per centum. 

Gram Crops.— 'Wheal, 11,232,610 liuahels ; rye, 453,930 busliels ; Indian corn, 86.254.319 bushels ; oats, 10,179.045 Ijushols ; 
barley, 25,437 bushels; and buckwheat, 214,898 bushels. The several yields compared with those returned in the census 
of 1340 give the following results : 

Criiiig. 1^40. IS.W. rj„reini?rit. 

Wheat 10,109.716 bushels 11,232,016 bushels inrr. 1,122,900 bushels, or 11.1 per cent. 

Eye 1.432,799 " 45S.930 " 

Indian corn 34,.577..591 " 3.5,2.54,319 " 

Oats 13,451,002 " 10,179.04.5 " 

llarley 37,430 " 2.5,437 " 

Buckwheat 243,322 " 214,393 " 

OtJier Food t>o/>s.— Rice, 17,154 (in 1340,2,590) pounds; peas and beans, 521.531 bushels; potatoes— Irish, 1.310,933 
bushels, and sweet. 1,313,671 bushels. The potato crop of the census of 1340 amounted to 2,944,660 bushel.t, and hence 
the increase in 1350 is 135,944 bushels, or at the rate of 6.3 per centum. 

Miscfltaneons Crops.— Tobacco, 56,803,213 pounds ; cotton, 8.947 bales of 400 pounds ; hay, 809,098 tons ; clover-seed, 
29,727 bushels; other grass seed, 23,428 bushels; hops, 11,506 pounds; hemp — dew-rotted 90 tons, and water-rotted 51 
tons; flax, 999,450 pounds; flax-seed, 52,313 bushels; silk cocoons, 517 pounds; maple-sugar. 1,227,605 pomids; molasses, 
40.322 gallons; beeswax and honey, 330,767 pounds; wine, 5,403 gallons, etc. The value of orchard produces ;f 177, 137 
and of market-garden products $133,047. The principal crops exhibited iu the censuses of 1340 and 1350 are cojnparalively 
as follows : 

Cr.ips. 1S40. IS.in. M'lvem.TLt. 

Tobacco T5..347,106 pounds 60,303.213 pounds 'ifcr. 1S.533.8SS pounde, or 24.0 percent. 

Cotton 8,494.433 " 1,673,800 " dei;r. 1,916,6^3 " ur 51.3 " 

Hay 364.7081 tons 809,093 tons i:u'r. 4,390^ tons or 1.2 " 

Hops 10,597 pounds 11,600 pounds htcr. 9o9 pounds, or 8.0 " 

Ileiilp — dow-rotled... I ( 90 tons i 

" water-rotted... V 25,594i tons < .57 " W/av. 50,015,720 " or 97.7 " 

Flax 1 ( 999,450 pounds ' 

Silk cocoons 8.191 pounds 517 " deer. 2,674 " or 33.9 » 

JIaple-sugar 1,641.333 " 1,227.065 " d.cr. 814,103 " or 20.3 " 

Wino 13,911 gallons 5,403 gallons tfcir. 3,503 gallons or 01.1 " 



'* The correctness of the returns as to hemp, in the seventh census, has not yet been perfectly verified. Tliere has been 
some doubt, whether, in a number of instances, the marshals have not written torn where they meant poitivh. (Has 
not the reporter in this instance written tmis where iiE meant poumls, and rice versa?— S.i. of Gaz.). If however, the 
returns are allowed to stand without reduction, it would appear that the cultivation of hemp or flax has materially changed 
since 1340. In the returns of that year as stated above, both of these articles were included under the same head. In 
1340, those of Virginia gave 25,594 Ions of Iiemp and flax together. In 1300, only 141 tons of hemp, and 500 tons of flax 
were returned. Such a falling off would amount to almost an abandonment of the culture of hemp in that Slate, which 
there is no reason to suppose has taken phace."— y?-'/)oc( o/.S>iperi,itentleiit of Me Cemns, Dec. \st., 1352. 

llmne-mruie Mtiniifiutures were produced in the year ending 1st June, 1350. to the value of $2,156,312. The same 
description of manufactures returned in the census of 1340 were valued at $2,441,072. 

.V„}iiitacliires.—Tula\ capital invested, $00,ooo.oOO; value of all raw material, fuel, etc., consumed in the year, 
$00,000,000 ; average number of hands employed 00,000— males 00,000, and females 0,000 ; monthly cost of labor $000,000— 
male $000,000, and female $00,000 ; value of manufactures produced in the year, $00,000,000. The whole lUiulber of 
manufacturing establishments in operation on the 1st June, 1360, and producing to the value of $600 and upward annually, 
was 4,433— in the Eastern District 2.293, and in the Western Dislricl 2,140, and these were distributed to the several 
counties as exhibited in the general table. Of the whole number 27 were cotton factories; 121 woolen factories; 122 iron 
manufactories— 29 making pig iron, 64 making castings, and 39 making wrought iron ; 341 tanneries, etc. The total 
capital invested in manufactures, in the year re|)resenled in the census of IStO, amounted to $11,300,361. 

In the manufacture of cotton good,), the capitnl employed is $1,908,900; cottcm consumed 17,735 bales, and coal 4,305 
tons ; value of all raw material, fuel, etc., $82<.S76 ; h.inrls employed 2,963— males 1,276, and females 1,03,3 ; monthly cost 
of labor, $24,774— male $12,933, and female $11,791 ; products r.f the year— sheeting. 15.640,107 yards, and yarn 1.755.915 
pounds, valued at $1,430,3^4. In 1,840 there were in the Slate 22 cotton mills, and I dyeing and printing csfiblishment, 
together employing 1,316 hands, and a capital of $1,299,020, and producing in the year, goods lo the value of $440.06.3. 

Iu the manufacture of woolen. good,<!, capital to the amount of $3:12.040 is invested ; wool consumed in the year, 1,654,110 
pt>und8, and coal 857 tons, valued together at $483,399; hands employed 6.53— males 473, and fem,ales 190 ; monthly cost 
of labor $10,671— to males $3,638, and to females $1,333; products of the year— cloth 2,037.025 yards, an<l yarn 893,705 
pcninds, vahuid at $341,018. The capital invested in the woolen manufacture in 1311). was $112,360, hands employed 223; 
value of yearly manufaelures $147,792 ; which statr-meuls incliule also tli« statistics of fulling-mills. 

The condition of the iron m.anufacture is exhibiteil in the following statistical aggregates : 

S(iecitic!itlon3. 

Cnpit.al investe<i dollars . 

Ore used tons.. ., 

Pig Iron used " — 

Blooms used " — 

Old melal used " .... 

Mineral Coal consumed " 

Coke and Charcoal consumed — J}v.shels . . 



Pig Ir..n. 


Ca.>t Ir..n. 

471,160 


Wrtniglit Iron. 
791,211 


Total. 
1,776,171 








-67,319 




7,114.... 


17.296 


24.410 






2,500 


2,500 




206 ... . 




205 


39.933 

l,3ii,i:ioD 


7.3.73 

71 .C'.'O . . . . 


06 615 


111 375 


103.000 


.. . 1.4n>,600 






es7 



VIRGINIA. 



Spenfications. 

Value of all raw material, etc dvUnrs .. 

Hands employed — male number. . 

" '* female " 

Monthly cost of labor dollars . . 

Iron produced tmi^ 

Value of year's products dolUirs . . 



I'lg Ir.in. 

16S.3(lT 

1,115 . 

14 . 

14,328 . 

22,163 . 



Wrouglit Iron, Cast Iron, Total. 

... 297,014 591.443 1,046.769 



810 . 

9 . 

16,312 . 

5,o77 , 



80,469 . 
15,328 . 



8,220 

23 

C1.109 

43,063 

2,451,835 



621,924 674,410 1,254,995 

— in 1S40, Virginia had in operation 42 furnaces, that in the preceding year had produced 18,310J Urns of cast iron, and 
52 bloomeries, forges, and rolling-mills, wJiich had produced 5,886 ions of bar iron. 

The tannirifn employ a capital of itOTO.OSS; hands employed 906— males 900, and females 6; monthly cost of labor 
$13,705— male .$13,648, and female $02; sides of leather tanned 878,400, and skins tanned 74,673, logtlher valued at 
$894,876. In 1S40 there were in the State, 660 tanneries employing 1,422 hands, and a capital amounting I.) ^838,141 ; and 
which had produced during the preceding year, 135,782 sides of sole leather, and 206,216 sides of upper leather. 

The capital invested in the manufacture otmtili and spirituous liquors amounts to ^lOfl.915. Quanlilies and kinds of 
grain, etc., consumed— barley 20,000 bushels, corn 250,700 bushels, rye 62,680 bushels, oats 450 bushels, and hojis 14 tons ; 
bands employed 123; quantities of liquor produced— ale, etc., 5,500 barrels, and whisky, etn, 879,440 gallons. In the 
census year IS-iO, Virginia had 1,454 distilleries, producin.g in the year 866,725 gallons, and 5 breweries, producing 32,960 
gallons; hands employed 1,631, and capital invested $187,212. 

The manufactures, others than the al)ove specified, consist of a great variety of important productions, as machinery 
of all kinds, carriages, harness, etc., and Virginia has also a large number of merchant and other mills. As a flour-pro- 
ducing State it stands first in its brands, and is only behind one or two other States in the extent of production. It has 
jdso large and valuable tobacco manufactories. 

Foretyn Convmerce. — Virginia, in respect of foreign commerce, holds a seventh or eighth rank among the Slates of 
the Union. According to the official returns for the year ending 80th June, 1850, the value of its exj)0rt8 to foreign 
countries amounted to $3,415,646, and of its imports to $426,599. This would indicate that the great bulk of its com- 
mercial material ia carried to the ports of other States for exportation, and the foreign merchandise consumed within the 
Statels brought through the same channels. That such is the case is well known, and hence we find that the co.isting trade 
is unusually extensive, chiefly carried on by the shipping of northern ports. This was not always so, for at one time 
Virginia stood at the head of the commercial States, and its shipping held the same rank in foreign ports as that now 
occupied by the mercarKilo marine of New York. Of the total exports in 1S50, $3,413,158 was the value of dornesiie 
products, and of these to the value of $2,365,241 was shipped in American and $1,047,917 in foreign vessels— the re- 
mainder of the aggregate value ($2,488) was foreign produce re-shipped in American ves.scls. Of the imports $172,878 
was the value of merchandise lamled from American and $253,721 from foreign vessels. The shipping employed in the' 
carrying trade consisted as follows ; 

* Entered. Cleared. Tiit,,). 

Kationality of t ' v ■ ' \ . ' — ^ 

ehipping. Vessels, Tons, Crews. Vesaeis. Tuns, Crews, Vessels 

American 69 12,190 864 187 42,091 1,710 256 . 

Foreign 88 18,775 S2S 93 28.367 956 186 



Tons, Cr..ws. 

. 64.231 2,274 

. 42,142 1,784 



Total 15T 80,965 1,393 . 

Alexandria 59 10.638 442 . 



, 14,281 
8,617 . 
1,811 . 
718 . 



6,84 

131 . 

76 , 

42 . 



285 . 

■ 64. 

140 . 

.... 5 . 
69 . 

.... 7. 



65,458 2,664 442 . 

11,.6S4 474 123. 

26.766 1,163 214 . 

1,946 63 14. 

24.321 90S 77 26,132 9S1 

S92 44 14 1,610 86 




Norfolk 74 

Fctensburg 9 

Eichmond 8 

Tappahannock. .. 7 

The shipping owned in the several districts of the State in 1850. amounted to 74,071 tons; of this 18.043 tons was 
"registered" shipping— 7,092 permanent, and 10,591 temporary; 52,535 tons was "enrolled and licensed''- 61,514 tons 
permanent, and 1,021 temporary; and 3,493 tons was "licensed under 20 tons." The tonnage of the districts was !is 
follows— Alexandria, S,73S tons ; Norfolk, 24,1.35 tons ; Petersburg, 2,708 tons ; Eichmond, 8,458 tons ; Torktown, 4,807 
tons; Tappahannock, 5,824 tons; Accomac, 4,083 tons; East Itiver. 4,869 tons; Teocomico, 8,284 tons; Cherrystone 
1,232 tons, and Wheeling, 6,9.34 tons. Of the enrolled and licensed tonnage, all of which is emjdoyed in the coasting 
and river trade, 8,726 tons are navigated hyiBteam-power- in the Atlantic districts, 2,792 ton.s, and in Wheeling district, 
on Ohio Kiver, 5,934 tons. Within the year specified there wore built in the State— 1 ship. 1 brig, 27 schooners, and 5 
steamers— total, 84 vessels, of an aggregate burden of 8,6S4 tons. The serial statistics of the foreign commerce from 1791 
to 1860, arc comprised in the following table : 



Year. Exports. 

1791 $3,130,865 

1792 8,652,825 

1798 2,987,093 

1794 8,.321,686 

1795 8,490,041 

1796 5,268.655 

1797 4.908,713 

1793 6,118,461 

1799 6,292,986 

1800 4,480,689 

1801 5,655.674 

1802 8,978,368 

1S03 6,100,708 

1804 5,790,001 

1605 5,606,020 



Imports. 



Year. Exports, 

1806 $5,0.66,396 . . 

1807 4,761,234 . . 

1803 626,478.. 

1,S09 2,894,125 . 

ISIO 4,822,611 .. 

ISU 4,822.307 .. 

1812 8.091,112 .. 

1813 1,819.722 .. 

1814 17,.6S1 .. 

1815 6,676.076 .. 

1816 8,212,500 .. 

1S17 6,628.443 .. 

1813 7,016.246.. 

1819 4.392,.321 .. 

1820 4,567,957 ... 



IinporU. 



^s^T, Exports. Imports. 

1S'21 $8,079,209 $1,078,490 

1823 8,217,389 864.162 

1823 4,006,783 681,810 

l!-24 8,277,664 639,787 

1 825 4,129,520 658,662 

1826 4,596,732 6.35.43S 



1S27 
1823 . 
1829 . 
1S30 . 

1581 . 

1582 . 
1838 , 
1S34 . 



4.657,938 481.765 

8,340.185 875,288 

3.787,481 895..S.i2 

4,791,641 406.T.39 

4,151.475 4S.S.622 

4,510.650 558,6.3» 

4,467.587 69il,391 

5,409.'M0 837.325 



1S35 6,064,068. 



691,',i55 



VIRGINIA. 



Tenr. Exixirts. 

1S36 $C.W'i(l4l1 , 

183T 8,7(I2,7U . 

1S3S 3,9SC.22S . 

1S39 — 

1S40 4,778,220 . 



ijiorts. 



.$1,10G.SU 
. 813,802 
. 677,142 

. 545,CS5 



Year. E-Tpoitg. InT|i,.rn 

1811 $5,0311.286 $877,237 

1S42 3,7.50,3^6 31 C,7ll5 

1843 l,9f)7,lC5 l«7,iiC2 

1 844 2.042.271) 2r.7.(»4 

1845 2,104,581 207,053 



Exports. 
. $3..J21).209 . 
5.058.S74 . 
8.0S1.413 . 
3,373,738 . 
1S50 3,415,040 . 



ISJO 

1847 

1S4S 

18-19 



Ini porta. 

$21.19,004 
880,127 
215,051 
241,935 
420.,M9 



Intenud Coiniminicatimi^ etc. — The railro.ids and o.ina)s of Yirginia, which are among the most mai^nifioent worlds 
of the kind in tlio Union, extend ponerally from the Atlaiilic ports to the West, and aro conlinueil tliroiia:li Oiiio, Ken- 
tucky, and Tennessee, to idl the chief places in the norlh-^vest, west, and sonth-west. Alexandria, Richmond, and 
Norfolk are tin- initial points on Itie Atlantic ; from Alexandria diverge the Orange and -Alexandria Kailroad and' the 
Manasiias Gap K. 11.— the one directed toward (lordonville, nhire it joins the Central road, and the nlher crossing the 
first mountain.?, and passing down llie valley to Ilarrisburg and Statinton, there Ulntes with the same line ; the Central 
Kailroad, starling at Itichmonil, passes through Gordonsville, Staunton, etc., to Covington, and there unites with the 
Covington and Ohio liaiiroad, extending westward to Point Pleasant, on the Ohio, there uniting with tie* (7hio system, 
and to the mouth of Big Sandy Itiver, where it joins the Kentucky lines to Maysville, Lexington, and Louisville, and 
through Ihem connects with the lines stretching to the north and toward Nashville and New Orleans, and fr.im Norfolk 
and Petersburg a line extends through the southern counties to the Tennessee line, whence it is continued to Knox\ ille, 
conneeting at that point with numerous lines directed to every im])ortant central station in the south-west. etc. These 
railroads furnish to the State ample means of transportation, and will carry to and from the seaboard an immense com- 
mercial material. They will also be the means of reviving the general commerce of the State, and of furnishing an 
outlet at Virginian i)orl9 for much of the jiroduce of Ohio, Kentucky, and Tennessee, which now firuls its way to nnjre 
northern markets. In the north-west several lines are lieing built to connect the systems of Pennsylvania and Maryland 
with those of Ohio and the West, and of these the North-western Eailroad is, perhaps, the most imp'irhint, as it will 
furnish the shortest route from Cincinnati to Baltimore. In the south-east the Seaboard and Uoanoke Kailroad furnishes 
an important route from the seaboard into North Carolina. The great southern line of railroads also passes through 
Yirginia, having Fredericksburg, Itiehmond, and Petersburg in its route, and being continued south and soulti-wes[ !o 
"Wilmington, Columbia, etc. This is the route of the great southern mail. There are, besides these, numerous sliort*ines, 
branches, etc., diverging from the main lines to several important points. The whole extent of completed rtiilroad Id 
the Stale on the 1st January, 1803, was 624 miles, and about 800 miles more were in course of construction. 

The camils of Virginia are — the James River and Kanawha Canal, the Dismal Swamp Canal, and the Alexandria 
Canal. The Rallintore and Ohio Canal, though in Maryland, is to all intents and purposes as nmch a canal of Virginia 
as of that State, being only separated from it by the channel of the Potomac River. The Alexandria Canal, which is a 
continuation of the Baltimore and Ohio Canal, from Georgetown to Alexandria, is 7i miles long, and is carried over the 
Potomac on a splendid aqueduct. The James River and Kanawha Canal, second only in extent and import.-ince to the 
Erie Canal of New York, is carried through the v.alley of James River, and is now complete to Balcony Falls, from 
which point it will be continued along the valley of Kanawha River to the Ohio. This great work has been of v.-ist 
advantage to the interior of Yirginia, and on an average transports ahout $12,000,000 valualion of merchauilise 
" Without the Krie Canal," says Governor Floyd, " the city of New York would have been second still to Philadelphia. 
Great as the advantages of this work unquestionably are, those of the James I'.iver and Kanawha Canal are vni'lnubtt'dly 
superior. It possesses the striking advantage of lying live degrees south of the great northern work, and is Iherel'-Te 
free from the ice which obstrucLs the navigation there for so large a portion of the year. It touches the Ohio Itiver tar 
south of any water communication from the Atlantic whatever, and at a point south of which there can be across the 
country no other water connection. It will command all the trade of a great part of Ohio, Kentucky. Indiana, lliin-iis, 
and Missouri, and most probably those regions lying still higher up toward the sources of the Missouri aOer that period 
it is unsafe to sen-l pro<iuce north. We will see." says the governor, " canal boats laden at the Falls of St. Anthony or 
Council Bluff discharging their cargoes at Lynchburg, Richmond, and Norfolk," etc. This work is now rapidly pro- 
gressing to completion. The Pism.al Swamp Canal connects Chesapeake Bay wilh Albemarle Sound, extending frotn 
Deep Creek to Joyce's Creek, 23 miles. At present it is chiefly valuable as an avenue for the Iransporlalion of the 
lumber, naval stores, etc., of the region through whicii it passes. Witli such works as the abo\e, who can not but foresee 
that Yirginia will, at no di!<?ant day, be one of the most successful commercial States of the Union, and its ports, so long 
forsaken, the marls of a trade not surpassed by that of the present great emporia of the counlTy. 

Bunks.— In October, 1850, Virginia had banks anil 31 branch banks. The condition of these establishments, at that 
(late, was as follows: UabiUtiei<—c!ip\la.\, $9,814,545; circulation, $10,2go,«07; deposits, $4,717,732; diii^ other banks, 
$:!3S.841: and n.ssrt«— loans and discounts, $19,640,777; slocks, $209,914; real estate, $704,282; other investments, 
$210,498 ; due by other hanks, $1.925.052 ; notes of other hanks, $.=.52,153; and specie. $2,928,174. Since' th.' .late of 
these returns sevi-ral banks have been established in accordance with the new banking law, depositing security for tho 
redemption of their noles. The returns above given are those of the ohl eharlered banks, which enjoy a high credit at 
home and abroad. These are— the Bank of the Valley, at Winchester, wilh branches at Charlestown, Leesburg, Rom- 
ncy. Staunton, and Chrislianburg; the Bank of Virgiina, at Richmond, with branches at Buchanan, Charlestown, 
Danville, Fredericksburg, Lynchburg, Norn.lk, Petersburg, and Portsmoulh ; the Exchange Bank of Virginia, at Nor- 
folk, wilh branehes at Abingliui, Alexandria. Clarkesville, Petersburg, Richmond, Salem, and West.Hi; the I'armers' 
Bank of VirgiTiia, at Richmond, wilh branches at Alexandria, Charlottesville, Danville, Farmville, l-'re.lerh-ksburg, 
Lynchburg. Norfolk. Petersburg, Winchester, ami W'yilu'sville ; the Merchants' .ami Mechanics' Bank, at Win cling, with 
branch at Morgaidown ; and the North-western Bank of Virginia, at Wheeling, with branches at Jeffersoiivillc. Park- 
ersburg, and Wellsburg. 

Oiweniment, rfc.—The present constitution of Virgiina was adopted in CCTivention on the Isl of August and ratified 
by the |iei.ple on the 25lh of October, 18,',1. It su|ier.sc.ded the constitution of 1770 and the amendmejiLs of 1S31. 

The riyht tu Tott is given to every while male citizen 21 years old. resident of the Statx; two years, atid of the county. 

City, or town one year lu-xt preceding an election. The c^xceplions are those common to olher Slates. Voles are given 

trffa voce, and not by ballot ; but dumb persons may so vote. The general eleeticm is held on the fourth Thursday of 

October biennially. 

The Leyisbitiire is slyled the General Assembly, and consists of a House of Delegates and a Senate. The house con- 



VIRGINIA. 



sists of 152 members, chosen bic-nninlly, apportioned on the basis of the white population. The Senate i3 baaed on 
popuhition and taxation combined, and consists of 50 members, elected in districts by the voters therein for the term of 
four years, one-half the number being chosen biennially. Delegates must have attained the age of 21 and senators that 
of ■ >cars, and none but qualified voters are eligible for election. Persons holding lucrative oflBces, ministers of the 
Gn-.; I, salaried officers of banks, and attorneys of the Commonwealth are ineligible. Any elective ofllci-r removing 
from his district vacates his ofiice. In 1S65, and decennially thereafter, there shall be a re-apportionment. The sessions 
of the Legislature commence on the second Monday of January biennially, and continue not more than 90 days, unless 
a prolongation be concurred in by three-fifths of all the members, nor in any case shall a session be extended beyond tUe 
onlinary term for more thau 30'days. Bills may originate or be amended in either house. 

The erecutiv^ power is vested in a Governor, elected by tlie people fur fonr years, commencing from the 1st January 
succeeding election. The governor is inehgible for any other office during his term, and can.be elected fur two succes- 
sive terms. He must be 30 years of age, a native citizen of the Unite*^! Slates, and for 5 years a citizen of the State. He 
must reside at the seat of government A Lieutenant-governor, with like qualifications, etc., ia elected i^\r a like terra, 
and is the constitutional successor of the governor in case of death or disabiUty ; he is also esi-officio president of the 
Senate. 

The principal administrative officers are — a Secretary of the Commonwealth, a Treasurer, and an Auditor of Public 
Accounts. These are elected by joint vote of the General Assembly for two years. For the purpose of electing the 
Board of Public Works, the State is divided into three districts, each of which shall elect one commissioner. Their 
term is six years, and they are so classified that one of their number shall retire every two years. The General Assembly 
by a three-fiilhs vote may abolish the board. 

The Jiidiciiirij is vested in a Supreme Court of Appeals, District Courts, and Circuit Courts. In each circuit (21 in 
number), a judge is elected by the voters for the term of eight years, and who holds two circuit courts in the counties of 
his circuit annually. In each district (10 in number), a district court is held by the judges of the circuits constituting the 
District, and the Judge of the Supreme Court for the Section, any three of whom may hold a court Judges of the 
Supreme Court of Appeals are also elected by the voters for 12 years, each section (5 in number), electing 1 Judge. The 
5 juilges so elected constitute the Supreme Court, any three of whom may hold a circuit It has jurisdiction only where 
the natter in controversy is not less in value than $500, except in certain specified cases. Special Courts of Appeal may 
be organized. Circuit Judges must not be less than SO, nor Supreme Court Judges less than 85 years of age, and no 
election for judges shall be held within 30 days of the time of holding the election for President, for Congressmen, or 
for members of the State Legislature, Officers of the Supreme and District Courts are appointed by the Judges thereof; 
but Clerks of Circuits are elected by the voters for six years. "When a Governor is elected, an Attorney-general is alsJi 
elected for the term of four years. 

County Courts are held monthly by not less than three, nor more than five Justices. Each county is divided into dis- 
tricts, and each district elects 4 Justices for the terra of 4 years. The Justices so elected choose one of their own body to 
altend each term of the Court, and classify the rest for the performance of their duties. The voters of each county t-leci 
also a Clerk of the County Court, and a Surveyor, for 6 years, an Attorney of the Coramonweallh for 4 years, and a Sheriff, 
and Commissioner of the Eeveime, for 2 years. Constables and overseers of the poor are elected by the voters. 

Among the inUcellaneons'provmoiis of the constitution are the following: tlie writ of habeas corpm shall not be sus- 
pended, nor shall any bill of attainder be passed, nor any ex-post-fa^to \ny( ^ nor any law impairing the obligation of 
contracts, or taking private property without just compensation, or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press, or 
establishing any religion, or prescribing any religious test, or conferring any privileges or advantages on any one sect or 
denomination ; no law shall embrace more than one object, and when amended, shall be reenacted at length ; provision 
may be made,renderingineligiblo for office those who flghtorare engaged in a duel; the Senate shall try impeachments 
made by the House, and may sit for this purpose during recess ; slaves hereafter emancipated shall forfeit their fri*edom by 
remaining in the Commonwealth more than 12 months ; restrictions may be imposed upon emancipation, but the General 
Assembly shall not emancipate ; it may relieve the State from the free negroes by removal or otherwise ; yeas and nays 
shall be taken on all tax and appropriation bills ; no incorporated company shall be released fronj its liability to tlie State, 
nor sliall the faith of the State be pledged for the debts of any company ; seven per cent of the State debt existing. 1st 
January, 1852, shall be annually set apart as a sinking fund to redeem said debt ; no loans shall be contracted for a longer 
period than 34 years ; whenever a debt is contracted, there shall be set apart annually for 34 years, a sum exceeding by one 
per cent, the aggregate amount of the annual interest agreed to be paid thereon at the time of its contraction, which sum 
ehall he a part of the sinking fund ; slocks held by the Commonwealth may be sold, but the proceeds must be applied to 
the payment of the public debt ; no charter shall be granted to any church, but title to church property may be granted 
to a limited extent; no lottery shall be authorized, and the buying and selling of tickets shall be prohibited; no new 
county shall be formed wilh an area less than 600 square miles; powers shall be conferred on the Courts exclusively to 
grant divorce.*, to change the names of persons, and direct the sale of infants' estates; there shall be a perio.Iical regis- 
tration of voters, and of births, marriages, and deallis, annually ; a census shall be taken every five years atlcr the national 
census. 

Fedf'ral liepreae^tatirm.—Xti accordance with the act of 2Sd May, 1S53, Virginia elects thirteen- representatives to tlie 
Congress of tlie United States. 

Tlie militia force of the State, in 1S51. consisted of 125,123 men of all arms, of which nimiber G,404 were commissioned 
officers, and llS,fi34 non-commissioned officers, musicians, artificers, and privates. Of the commissioned officers .32 were 
general officers, G6 general staff-offlrers, 1,423 field-officers, etc., and 4,973 company officers. All white persons between 
the ages of IS and 45 arc subject to militiry duty. 

The principal benevolent institutions of the State are the Lunatic Asylum, at Staunton, and the Institution for the Deaf 
and Dumb and the Blind, at the same place. These institutions are liberally supported by annual legislative appropriations. 
PitUic Financefi. f/c— The aggregate debt of Virginia, on the Ist April, 1S51, was as follows: R<'Volutionary War debt 
(6 p. c), $24,039 17 ; war debt of 1S12 (7 p. c), $319,000 ; internal improvement debt (6 p. C), $9,364,910 i'4 ; internal 
improvement debt (5 p. c), $1,065,600; internal improvement debt (51 p. c), $25,300; debt fur subscription to banks, 
$450,107— total debt, $11,24S,962 21 ; but of this there was held by State agents, under the control of the Legislature— by 
Literary Fund $1,125,606 50, and by Board of Public Works $375,912 41, or in .ill $1,501,515 91, leaving an actual out^ 
standing debt of $9,747.-143 30. The State ia also liable conditionally for guaranteed bonds for inl'rn.al improvementa 
$8,947,594. The Stale holds assets, consisting of stocks and debts due— productive of $7,000,565 48, and— nr.t nowpro- 
S90 



VIRGINIA. 



ductive, $6,052,266 53 ; total $13,112,So2 11. Tlio valiiatiou uf property, real an'l pcrsDrial. asSLSScd tor laxalion, in 1S50, 
amoutited to $3Sl,876,66l). The valuuliou of thu same, according to the U. S. census of that year, was .t iyii,Tul,U52. The 
valuation for taxes in May, lSo2, amounted to $415,542,189 70, being an increase of over $34,OUU,000 in two years, and it 
■was estimated that there was other i)roperty not taxed to the value of $50,00o,lju0. 

The chief sources of income for tlie year were as follows : ordiuary revenue and taxation, $676,256 09 ; dividenils on 
bank stock, $256,542 94; bonus on banti dividends, $46,093 80; internal improvements. $64,02t> ; interest on loans V> 
internal improvement companies, $90,771 61 ; militui fines $13,509 76 ; annuity from Old .James Kiver Company, $2l,liot> ; 
I'lans oblainetl to pay subscriptions to joint-stock companies, etc., $1,23^.395 19 ; temporary loans, $100.oi:o; \Vatliinglon 
Monument Fund, $22,115 69 ; and sales of arlicles made at the IVniteiitinry $ll.ooi). The expend iturfs were as follow : 
expenses of General Assembly, $103,S67 25: oflicers of government, $93,647 45; criminal charges, $39..554 62; e«ir>- 
tingent expenses of Courts, $32,931 65; militia, $19,»44 55 ; Virginia iJihtary InstOule, $20,710; jiublic guard at Itieh- 
mtind, $21,340 IS ; comm. of revenue, $32,106 90 ; lunatics and lunatic a.sylums, $l'iij,3yo 71 ; deaf and duinh, and blind 
asylums, $IS,901 29; interest on public debt, $659,634 47; contingent fund, $16,672 40; jiuhlic rnad-s $5,001 50; gener.il 
ai>propriations, $27,162 02; revision of laws, $2'1,S01; penitentiary, $27,502 84; redcmplion of public debt, $2:J9,50« ; 
advance lo Loard of Public 'Works, $197,000; Washington monument, $29,860 25; dividends to stockholders of DM 
-James River Company, $20,895; surveys, $3,500 ; subscriptions to internal improvement companies out of loans received, 
$1,1S5,.')27 29 ; primary schools. $45,674 03 ; and annuily to University of Virginia, $150,000. 

Educutiimal SUUistics. — The number of schools rcport^-d in 126 counties and towns, for the year 1S50-51, was 3.904, 
and the number of poor children 72,876, of which 31,655 liad attended schtjols during the year. Amount expen.led IV»r 
tuition, including books, compensatiuli of officers, and all other expenses $6S,135 93. Average actual atlendaucc of t ach 
child at common schools, 52J days. Average cost per annum of each scholar, $2 15. The permanent cajtital of tin* 
Literary Fund amounted, on the 1st fH'lober, 1S50, to $1.5;J3,710 82; and the revenue derived therefrom, for the year, 
amounted to $97.SS3 66. Academies, seminaries, and private schools, are numerous in all the cities and towns, and many 
of these are institutions of favorable reputalioti. Tlie statistics of the collegiate establishments and professional schools, 
in 1851, are as follow: 

C'il!egi:ite In!=tiuuiHn9. I,<^^.^^i^n. Fniiiid.'d. Professiira. Alumni. Slinleiits. Vol.". in l.t.r. 

■William and Mary Coll. (Episc.) Williamsburg 1692 7 . 

n:impden-Sidncy College Prince Eilward's co 1783 .. . 

W.Tshinelon College Lexinglon 17^9. . . 

X'niversity of Virginia Cliarloltesville 1S19.., 

F.andolph-Macon"College (Melh.) .... Boydton 18.32. . . 

Eichmond Ci'llege (Baptist) Eichniond 1832. . . 

Emory and Henry College (Meth.) ..Emory 1838... 

Eector College (Baptisf) Fruntytown 18.39. . . 

V:rginia Military Institute Lexinglon 1839. . . 

Eelhany College Bethany 1S41 . . . 

I'roft's-nmial Schools: 

Episcopal Theol. School of Virginia. .Pairfax counly 1822... 

rnio.: Theol. Seminary (Fresh.) Prince Edward co 1824... 

V irginia Baptist Seminary Eichmond 1832 .. . 

Law Dep;irtment, Univ. of Virginia .Charlottesville — ... 

'• " Will, and M. Coll. .Williamsburg — ... 

Medical School, Univ. of Virginia ...Charlottesville 1825... 

Medical Depart., Ilamp.-Sidney Coll.. Eichmond 1838. . . 

Winchester Medical College Winchester — ... 

William and M.iry College is, with the exception of Harvard University, the oldest literary institution in the cnuntry, 
and is distinguished for its large proportion of graduates who have risen to eminence, some of whom have held the 
highest stations in the nation. Thomas Jefferson was a graduate of tins college. It was founded on a donation of laml, 
20,nOn .leres, granted in the reign of William and Mary. The buildings are of brick, and snffleient to aecommodale 100 
students. It was formerly allowed a representative in the General Assembly. Ilampden-Sidney College was established 
in 1774, and named after those martyrs, who perished in the good old canse— John ILimpden. and Algern..n Sidney. 11 
was chartered in 1733. More instructors have emanated from this college than from any olher Southern institution. Cou. 
nected with tlie college is a Literary and Philosophic Society, and an Institute of Educati.m. There are also .several 
societies among the students. The university owes its origin and peculiar organization to Mr. .lelferson. It possesses 
pliilosophical and chemical apparatus, together with a flue cabinet of minerals and fossils, and an anat.inncal and miscel- 
laneous museum. The observatory, a short distance from the universily. is furnished with the requisite astronrmiicnl 
instruments. The orsanization of the university differs malerially from that of any other inslilution in the Union. The 
stndents arc not divided into four classes, with a course of studies embracing four years, but the different branches are 
styled ■'schools," and the student is at liberty to attend which ho plea.se5, and graduate in each when prepared. In order 
to attain the degree of M. A., the student must graduate in the several schools of mathematics, ancient hmguagcs, moral 
phdosophv, natural philosophy, chemistry, and in aime two of the modern languages. This institutiim is in every respecl 
organized' and justly regarded as a universily of the first class. The Virginia iMilitary Institute is conducted on the plan 
of^'instruction observed at West Point, and is a highly valued institution, and has been liberally encouraged by Slate 
appropriations. VJ^ 

PiLhlic Lihraries.—Thn Peport of the Librarian of the Smithsonian Institution made m 1851, states the public libraries 
cf Vjr"inia as follows : one Slate library-14.000 volumes ; 4 social-3,313 volumes : 9 colleKe_t,5,790 v.dunus : 8 sludenls'- 
10.466''v..lumes ; 5 academic and professional-12,951 volumes ; 1 scientific and historical— 1,200 volumes ; 2 public-1,460 
volumes. Total — 30 libraries, and 69,130 volumes. 

Penvtir.d P,'«,<.-Virginia, on the 1st June, 1850, had 100 periodical issues— in politics SI were whig, 22 democrat, 
and 47 ncnirid the latter including those devoted to literature, science, religion, and all the charact.-r of which had nol 
been ascertained. Of the whole number 20 were pnblislicd daily, tri-weekly, 7 semi-weekly, 60 weekly, 4 monthly, and 
1 quarlerlv ; and the circulation of the dailies was 32,730 copies at each issue ; of the tn-weekhes, 700 copies ; ol Ihe semi- 



7.... 


— 


.... .36 ... 


... 5,000 


6.... 


....1,.500.... 


.... 25.... 


... s.ooo 


6.... 


GOO 


.... .50.... 


... 4,9,50 


10.... 


....8,.500.... 


....383.... 


... lO.OCO 


7.... 


.... 147.... 


.... SO.... 


... 8,000 


6.... 


5.... 


.... 60.... 


... 1.200 


5.... 


.... «5.... 


100 


... 7,807 


8.... 


— 


.... 50.... 


... 2.5O0 


6.... 


.... 107.... 


....120.... 


. . . 2.000 


6.... 


.... SO.... 


....141.... 


... 8,.50C 


4.... 


229 


.... 38.... 


... 5.* too 


3.... 


.... 176.... 


.... 20.... 


... 4.000 


3.... 


— 


.... 67.... 


... l.two 


1.... 


— ... 


TO 


... — 


1.... 


— 


....82.... 


— 


3 




95 




7.... 


.... 40... 


.... 90.... 


... — 


5.... 


— 


— 


— 



VIRGINIA. 



weeklies, 6,500 copies; of the -weeklies, 4l,93G copies; of the moiithli*-3, 13,150 copies; and of the quarterly, 1,000 copies. 
Tliere were published in Augusta County (Staunton), 3 weekly; Alhemarle (8 in Chnrlottesville), 3 w. and 1 in.; in 
Alexandria, 1 d., 1 t.-w., and 1 w. ; iu Botetourt, Berkeley, and Brooke, each 2 w. ; in Campbell (Lynelibure:), 3 s.-w. ; in 
Binwiddie (Petersburg), 2 d. and 1 t.-w. ; iu Fauquier, 2 w. ; in Fairfax, 1 w. ; in Frederick (Win Chester). 2 w. ; in 
Greenbrier. 1 w. ; in Harrison, 2 w. ; in Hardy, 1 w. ; in Hampshire, 2 w. ; in Henrico (Richmond), 6 d., 1 s.-w., 2 w., 5 
m.. and 1 quarterly: in Jefferson, 3 w. ; in Kanawha, 1 w. ; in Loudon, 2 w. ; in Lewis, Marshall, and Monroe, each 
1 w. ; in Mononijaiia, 3 w. ; in Marion and Nunscmoiid, each 1 w. ; in Norfolk (PnrtsmouLh G, and NorlWlk 7), 7 d., 
4 t.- w., and 2 w. ; in Ohio (Wheeling:), 3 d. and 2 w. ; in Preston, Prince Edward, and Pitlsjlvania, each 1 w. ; in Knck- 
bridge, Rockins^ham, and Shenandoah, each 2 w. ; in Spottsylvania (Frederictsburg), 1 d., 2 s.-w., and 3 w. ; in Tazewell, 
1 w. ; in Washington, 2 w. ; and in Wood and Wythe, each 1 weekly. 
Religious Denominatiofis. — The statistics of the several religious denominations in the State in ISoO were as follows: ■ 



Deiioniinft- No- (if 


Cli.irch 


V.ilue of 


Dendimna- 


N„. ,.r 


Cl...ril. 


Value of 


0en..mina. 


No. nf 


Cliurcli 


V„|..e .,f 


tioiia. Cliurilies 


accnm. 


Property. 


tidns. 


Cl.ur.lie 


. tti-'Min. 


Property. 


ti„n9. 


Cliorclies 


ncii.iii. 


I'r.perty. 


Baptist 639. 


241,659.. 


tasT.ois 


Germ'n EcC 


9 . 


3,S00 


. $16,200 


E. Catholio.. 


17 .. 


7,930 . 


$126,100 


Christian... IG. 


4,900.. 


7,595 


Jewish 


1 . 


600 . 


. 4,000 


Swedenb'g . 


_ .. 


— . 


_ 


Congregat'l. — . 


— .. 


— 


Lutheran... 


SO . 


. 1S.7.O0 . 


. 52,415 


Tunker 


8 .. 


4.400 . 


8,200 


Dutch Eer.. — . 


— .. 


— 


Mennouite.. 


« . 


2,250 . 


. 5.550 


Union 


47 .. 


13,250 . 


. 24,025 


Episcopal.. 167. 


73.SS4.. 


627,150 


Metlindist. . 


1,002 . 


.315,703 . 


. 721,003 


Unitarian . . 


— .. 


— . 


— 


Free lOT. 


35.025.. 


61,900 


Moravian.. 


8 . 


1,500 


. 2,550 


Universalist 


1 .. 


200 . 


500 


Friemls.... 14. 


6^300.. 


18,825 


Pre8l>yter'n. 


236. 


.101,625 . 


. 667,105 


Minor Sects. 


8 .. 


2,S25 . 


. 18,050 



-^making a toLal of 2,336 churches, with accommodation for 834,691 persons, and valued at $2,?49,176. 

Virginia fnrms a diocese nf the Protestant Epiaenpal Church, and comprises the Roman Catholic Dioceses of Kich- 
ninnd aud Wheeling, and also a portion of the Archdiocese of Baltimore, the last being that portion of the District of 
Columbia retroceded in 1S46. 

Paiipensm. — The whole number of paupers relieved and supported within the year ending 1st June, 1?50, was 5.11S, 
of whom 4 933 were native born and 185 foreigners ; and the whole number of paupers at the date specified was 4,40S, 
of whom 4,3ci6 were natives and 102 foreigners. Cost of support, etc., during the year $151,722. 

nistoHcal Sfcetch. — The name of Tirginia, though now belonging only to the present State of that name, was origin- 
ally given to the whole extent of country afi.erward divided into the thirteen colonies. It was bestowed upon the 
country, which he attempted to colonize, by Sir Walter Raleigh, in honor of Elizabeth, England's rlrgiii queen. The 
8i.ttle[nent witliin the limits of the present State were not, however, effected until April, lGn7, and this was the first per- 
manent settlement by the English in America. Previous to this many ineffectual efforia had been made to pkint colonies 
(tn tlie Atlantic coast. At length the matter was undertaken by a company, to which a patent was granted by James I., 
and which was called the London Company, to distinguish it from the Plymouth Company, which subsequently settled 
New England. Three ships, with l(i5 persons, sailed from London in I)ecember, 16u6, and after a tedious and circuitous 
p.issage entered the Bay of Chesapeake in April, 1607. On a peninsula a little distance up James River, a settlement 
called Jamestown was begun. The colonists soon experienced the difficulties of their new position, and to ihc great 
exertions of Captain John Smith, distinguished among the adventurers of the age, the colony was indebted to its i)res- 
ervation. An incident which occurred at this period has lent to his history the attractions of romance. While on a 
foraging expedition he was taken prisoner by the Indians, who determined to put him to death ; his head was placed 
on a stone, and the savages were about to dispatrh him with clubs, when Pocahontas, the daughter of the principal 
chief. Powhatan, after iu vain imploring mercy for him, rushed forward, and resting her head upon that of the euplive, 
appeart-d det'-rmined to share his fate. Powhatan relented, and soon afterward permitted Smith to return home. Two 
years after, when the Indians had plotted the destniction of the col'>ny, Pocahontas, faithful to the attachment she ha<i 
formed, disclosed the plot to the English, and the Indians finding lliem on their guard, abandoned the project. Such 
was the distress of the colonists in liSlO, Ihat the survivors had actually embarked to return to England, wlu-n L<'rd 
Delaware, who had been appointed governor, arrived wilh supplies and 150 men, and persuaded the colonists to reniain. 
Under this governor and his successor the settlement prospered ; useful industry succeeded to their previous habits, and, 
aided by a fertile soil, tbey were enabled to raise large stocks of provisions. In 1G19 llie first legislature was convened, 
aud about this period 1,200 additional emigrants arrived, among whom were 150 young women, who were sold lo the 
planters for wives. Negro slaves were first brought into the country at this time. In 1G22 the Indians surprised the 
settlements and massacred some 347 of the colonists ; and the whole colony would have shared the same falo, bnt that 
timely information had been given the inhabitants of Jamestown of the conspiracy. To this famine succeeded, which 
was, however, alleviated by the arrival of i)rovi8ions from England. A reinforcement arriving at the same lime, war 
wits levied against the Indians, and in a short time most of the neighboring tribes were subdued or slain. Two years 
afti'rward the company was dissolved and the charter resumed by the king. All power was vested in commissioners, 
and under their rule the colony suff'ered grievously. Sir John Harvey, the royal governor appointed in 1629, was seized 
by the people and sent home a prisoner. He was succeeded by Sir Wilham Berkeley, who called an assembly' of 
burgesses, and governed the province wilh mildness and prudence. 

On the revolution in England, the Virginians adhered to the cause of the monarch, and even after the death of 
Charles I. refused to acknowledge the commonwealth. Submission was forced by sending against them an armament; 
but the sentiments of the colonists were again declared, for even before the restoration in England the authority of 
Charles II. had been acknowledged in Virginia. In 1C61, an assembly was called by the governor, and in the succeeding 
yiar the Clmrch of England w.hs established by law. Notwithstanding this remarkable loyalty of the Virginians, they 
were made to suffer grievously from the arbitrary aud monopolizing system of the home government. The navigation 
act, and other measures of a ^milar nature adopted to this lime, weighed heavily on the people, and in addition to ihi-so 
grievances, the king, regardless of the rights of the landed proprietors, granted to his courtiers large tracts of land, to 
which the settlers were legally entitled. From these causes arose an insurrection, memorable in the history of Virginia, 
and known as Bacon's Rebellion. Colonel Bacon, an elocpient and ambitious man, put himself at the head of the people, 
who had assembled with the ostensible object of a foray against the Indians. The governor, by advice of the legislature, 
issued a proi.-lamalion of rebellion against them, and so exasperated the leaders of the expedition as to direct iLs object 
from hostilities against the Indians to war against the government. They marched to Jamestown, and after dispersing 
£92 



VIU 



WAB 



the assembly, Bacon called a convention, and assumed the reios of grovernment. CivU war with all its horrors now en- 
sued. Jamestown was burnt, and the colony given up to pilla-^e. Afier several months' bloodshed aud confusion, Bacon 
(lied suddenly, and for want of a leader his party dispersed. It was long, however, beC)re prosperity revived in the 
colony. Soon after these events. Berkeley returned to Kiighuid, and was succeeded by Lord Culpepper, who brought 
wilt) hira several bills drawn up by the ministry of Englan(i, to which he required the assent of the legislature, on pain 
of being treated as rebels. The object of these acts was the iiicreiise of his emoluments. Durin* the reigns of Charles II. 
and James the colony suffered much, and rejoiced greatly in the ehjinse of government that drove the Stuarts from the 
tlii-one. Tlie Ilevolution, indeed, brought to Virginia internal tranquillity, and a long succession of prosperous years 
Koaiing occurred to interrupt its growth in wealth and power. In 17 :;2, she gave birth to the most illusirious of her sons, 
the great statesman and wiirrior, who was destined allenvard to achieve ami consolidate the indcpend-nce of all the 
c<iIonie8. During the war between France and England, prior to 1754. her local situation exempted h.-r fn.m hosiilities. 
From 1754 to 175S, when the French began to put in operation their scheme to unite Canada and Louisiana, the frontiers 
of Virginia were harassed by incursions of French and Indian parlies; to repel which a regiraeni was raised, iu which 
Wasliington first distinguished himself. On the conclusion of peace, when the British attemplctl to r.Tise a revenue 
within the colonies, the statesmen of Virginia were among the first to raise the voice of opposition. The elnquence and 
talents of her orators contributed greatly to excite public feeling on this occasion. The services and sufT.rings of Virginia 
in the war of the Eevolution were at least as great as those of any other State, and in Virginia the last imporuint measure 
of the war took place, in the surrender of Cornwallis. Since the peace of 17S3, Virginia has retained an elevated rank 
in the family of States. Fruitful of illustrious men, that Stale has given seven presidents to the Union, During the war 
of lSl-2, her citizens displayed great patriotism in opposing the common enemy, and her maritime frontier sufferetl 
severely from predatory incursions. Within the last few years the progress of the State In population and material 
greatness has been wonderfully rapid ; and her territory beyond the mountains— a wilderness to the last generation, has 
become equal to the old settlements in all that constitutes national wealth. In 1S50 the constiluliou of the Slate was ad- 
justed to its present condition and circumstances. 

Kn-HMOND, ou the bank of James Kiver, 130 miles a6ove its entrance into Chesapeake Bay, is the political capital of 
Ihc Stale. 



Virginia, p. v., Cass co.. Ill, : 32 m.W. by N. Springfield. 
This V. was formerly the capital of the county, now re- 
moved to Beanlstown, but continues to be a thriving place. 
Top. about 300. 

VniGiNiA Grovb, p. 0., Louisa co., la.: 33.m. S. S. E. 
Iowa City. 

Virginia Mills, p. o., Buckingham co., Vi}'g. : about 
2 m. S. James r., 51 ra. W. by N. Bichmond. 

ViUGiNiA Mines, p. o,, Franklin co.. Mo. : on W. side of 
Maramee r., 70 m. E. by S. Jefferson City. 

ViRGiNSviLLE, p. V., Berks county, Penn. : 59 m. E. 
Ilarrisburg. 

■ ViscHEK's Feuby, p. o., Saratoga co., A". Y. : 15 ra. N. by W. 
Alliany. 

Vista, p. o.. "Westchester co., i\''. Y. : 90 m. S. by E. Albany. 

Vi.AiE niarsli, Fulton co.. JV"] Y.: in the E. part of the 
county, is annually overflowed by the surplus waters of the 
Sacandaga r. and other streams. This is a place of much 
resort by sportsmen, on account of the abundance of game, 
for which it is famous. 

VoGANSviLLE, p. 0., Lancastcr co., Pemi. : 40 m. E. S. E. 
Harrisburg. 

Volcano, p. o., Calaveras co., Calt'/. : at bead-waters of 
Jackson cr., in extreme E. part of the co., 78 m. W. Vallejo. 
The gold-mines of the vicinity arc among the richest in the 
State, and quartz-mining here, more than elsewhere, has 
been successfully engaged in. 

VoLiNiA, t. and p. o., Cass co., Mich. : 85 m. S."VV, Lansing. 
The inhabitants are generally engaged in farming. Pop. in 
1840,411; in 1350,607. 

VoLNET, p. o., Logan co.^ Ky. : 144 ra. S.W. Frankfort. 

VoLNET, t. and p. o., Oswego co., Jf. Y. : on E. side of 
Oswego r., 144 m.W. N. W. Albany. Surface uniiulaling; 
soil sandy loam. Drained by Big Black cr. The t. con- 
tains several saw-mills, and has some manufaclures. Top. 
of t. with Fidton. 5.310. 

VoLtTNTowN, t, and p. v.,Windham county, Ciyiw. : 4C m. 
E. S. E. Hartford. Surface uneven. Drained W. by Pa- 
chaug r. The t. contains 2 cotton factories, a few stores, 
and 2 churches. Pop. 1.064. 

Volusia, p. o., Chautauque co., iV! Y. : 307 m. W. by S. 
Albany. 

VoLUPiA, p. v., Orange co., Flor. : on E. side of St. John's 
river, between lakes Ceorge and Dexter, 190 ni. E, S. E. 
Tallahassee. It was fi)rmiTly occupied as a military post 

VuK DE L'EAU. p. o., Bristol CO., Mn^. 



W. 



Wabash county, PL Situate E. toward the S., and con- 
tains 19S sq. m. Drained by Jordan, Coffee, and Crawfish 
creeks. Suriace undulating; a large portion is prairie. 
Soil fertile, and produces fine crops of wheat and grain. It 
fattens large numbers of cattle and hogs, which are annually 
exported. Pine timber abounds. The Wal^ish r. bouuils 
the CO. on the S. and E. Farms 533 ; nianuf. 9 ; dwell. 808, 
and pop.— wh. 4,(>40, fr, col. 50— total 4,6i)0. dipital : 
Mount Carmel. 

Wabasu county, /» (7. Situate N. middle, and contains 
420 sq. m. Wabash and Eel rivers, with their tnbutaries. 
drain this county. Nowhere hilly, the greatest portion is 
rolling or undulating, hut there are also extensive level 
tracts and botfoms. Timber abundant, and tlie soil is evcrj'- 
wli ere rich and ]>roductive. Corn and hi'gs are the great 
5taj>les. Farms 1.06S ; manuf. 57 ; dwell. 2.07:>, and pi>p.— 
wh. 12.124, fr. col. 14— total 12.i:iS. Capital: Wabash. 
Puhlia Work.^ : the Wahash and Erie Caual ; and the B. K. 
br-tween Fort Wa> tie and Lalayt-lle. 

Wabash, p. v., and cap. Wahash county. Jnd.: 72 m* 
N. by E. Indianapolis. It is very pleasantly situated on the 
N. bank of Wabash r., and is built partly on the first, and 
partly on the second bottom, elevated about 40 feet above 
Ihe first. It contains the court-house, jail, etc., and several 
churches. The ''Wabash Gazette'' (whig) is here pul> 
lished. The Wal>a--h and Erie Canal passes through, 155 
m. from Toledo. 312 m. from Evansville, and createa a large 
business. First settled in 1S35. Pop. about 1,100. 

Waba-sii river, Ind. : is formed by two creeks rising in 
Mercer and Darke counties, Ohio, and fiows in a N. W. 
course into Indiana. In Huntington co. it receives Little 
river, and flou's W. until it passes Loganspitrt ; thence in a 
S. W. course until it reaches Covingt'in ; thence nearly g. 
until it reaches Terre Haute; after which it forms the 
boun<Iary line between Indiana and Illinois, to its entrance 
into the Ohio r. It is navig.nble to Lafayette for steam- 
boats, aud connects the Ohio r. with Lake Erie by means 
of the Wabash and Erie Canal. Its entire length is about 
600 m., of which more than 450 m. have been navigated by 
steamboats in high water. 

Wabashaw county, Minn. Ter. Occnpies all that vast 
territory extending fi-om the Mississippi to the Missouri, and 
between the N. boundary of Iowa and the parallel of 44'^ 
40' N. lat Drained in the E. by Minnesota and its tributu- 

&93 



WAB 



WAL 



ries. and in the "W. by Tchan-sausan, or Riviere a Jaques, 
Sioux r.. and other large affluents of the Missouri. The 
surface is elevated, chiefly level, interspersed with numerous 
lakes, and very fertile. P'arms S ; manuf. ; dwell. 55, and 
pop.— wh. 242, fr. col. 1— total 243. Capital: • 

"Wabsipinecon river, la. {See Wapsipinicon.) 

■Wacahoolie, p. o., Marion co, Jnd. 

Wacoamaw river, JV^ Car. and S. Car. : rises in Wacca- 
maw lake (M Car.), flows W. S. W., and nearly parallel 
with the coast, to its entrance into Winyaw bay. It is about 
liio ra. long, and navigable for steamboats to Conwayboro', 
about 40 m. from its mouth. 

■Wachtta river. Ark^ and La. : the principal N. tributary 
of Red r.,risesinPolkco. (vlM-.).and flows E.,9. E., andS., 
receiving numerous branches. It has a large volume of 
water, and, upon the removal of small obstructions, will be 
easily navigable for small steamboats. 

WAonnsETT mountain, Worcesler co.. Mam.: is an iso- 
lated peak in the N. part of Princeton t.. 42 m. W. by N. 
Boston. Its summit is elevated 2.021 feet above Massachu- 
setls bay, and affords a most extensive and delightful 
prospect. 

'Wacousta, p. v., Clinton co., 3[ich. : on N. bank of 
Looking-glass r., 9 m. N. W. Lansing. 

Waco Village, p. o., Milan count}', 7^.: on W. side 
of the Rio Brazos, 99 ra. N. N. E. Austin City. 

■Waddam's Gkote, t, and p. o., Stephenson county, lU.: 
174 m. N. Springfield. Pop. about 450. 

Wappington, p. v., St. Lawrence co., N. T. : on S. E. 
side of St. Lawrence r., IGS m. N. N. W. Albany. Incor- 
porated in 1S39. It contains various mills and manufactur- 
ing establishments, and is connected by a bridge with Og- 
den's island, lying opposite. Pop. about 650. 

■Wadebobo', p. o., Livingston par., La. 

Wade's, p. o., Bedford county, Virff.: 105 m. W. by S. 
Richmond. 

Wadesboro', p. v., and cap. Callaway co., Kf/. : about 2 m. 
W. Clark's r., 23G m. S.W. by W. FrankforU It contains the 
county buildings. Pop. about 200. 

Wade8boko', p. v., and cap. Anson co., 2^. Car. : 86 m. 
S.W. by W. Raleigh. It contains a court-house, jail, stores, 
etc.. and 1 bank, capital $200,000. The " North Carolina 
Argus" (whig) is issued weekly, and the " Cadet of Temper- 
ance" semi-monthly. Pop. abimt G50. 

Wadestown, p. 0., Monongalia co., Virg. : 203 m. N, W. 
Richmond. 

Wadesville, p. V. and sta., Clark co., Virff.: on Win- 
chester and Potomac R.E., 23 m. from ILirper'a Ferry, 9 m. 
from Winchester, 109 m. N. by W. Richmond. 

Wadhaji's Mills, p. o., Essex co., 21. T.: 102 m. N. 
Albany. 

Wading Riveb, p. v., Suffolk co., X T. : on small inlet 
of same name, 181 m. 9. S. E. Albany. 

Wadswop.th, t. and p. v., Medina co., Ohio: 94 m. N. E. 
Columbus. Drained by N. branch of Chippewa r. Inter- 
ests of t. are chiefly agricultural, but h.is some manufac- 
tures, with several mills. Pop. of 1. 1.622. 

Wadsworth's, sta., Norfolk county, Maes, : on Norfolk 
County R. R., 30 m. from Boston. 

Waggoner's Ripple, p. o., Adams county, Ohio: 75 m. 
9. by W. 'Columbus. 

Wagontown, p. v., Chester co.. P<^in.: 60 m. E. 9. E. 
Harrisburg. Here is located a charcoal forge, winch in 
1S49 made 800 tons of blooms, and a rolling mill, with an- 
nual capacity of 400 tons. 

Wagham, p. o., Accomac county, Virg.: 97 m. E. by N. 
Richmond. 

Wahkou county, Ta. Situate W.. and contains 770 sq. m. 
Drained by Little Sioux r. and branches. Surface in gen- 
eral undulating; soil fertile, and adapted to wheat and 
grain. Set off since 1S50. 

WADNAnTA county, Minn. Ter, Extends from the Mig- 
siflsippi to the Missouri, and between 45° 25' and \(P 2o' N. 



lat., and is drained centrally by (he Minnesota and a Jaques 
rivers, and E. and W. by rivers flowing to the border rivers. 
Surface elevated, and generally level, interspersed with 
thousands of lakes, and covered in many party with valu- 
able limber. The Minnesota and Red rivers of the north 
have their rise in two adjoining lakes, separated only by a 
short portage. Farms — ; manuf. — ; dwell. 26, and pep. 
— wh. 160, fr. 0— total 160. Capital: 

Waholock, p. o., Kemper co., Miss.: 110 m. E. N. E. 
Jackson. 

Wausatch mountains. Utah Ter. : extends across the 
territory in S. S. W. direction from the Green river range 
of the Rocky Mountains, to the Sit-rra Nevada range of 
California. 

WArxE, p. 0., Washington county. Me. : 126 ra. E. N. E. 
Augusta, pop. of Waite Plantation, 31. 

Waitefielo, t, and p v., Washington co., Verm. : 11 m. 
S.W. Montpelier. Drained by Mud r. and branches, which 
furnish water-power to grist and saw mills, etc The in- 
habitants are chiefly engaged in farming. Pop. of 1. 1.021. 

Wait's river, Vemi. : flows through N. E. part of Orange 
CO. into the Connecticut, and with its branches, affords great 
water-power. 

Wait's Corners, sta., Washington co., A^. Y. : on Rut- 
land and Washingtofl R. R., 25 m. from Troy, 59 m. from 
Rutland. 

Wakasas-sa, p. 0., Levy co., Flor. : on Wakasassa river, 
114 m. S. E. by E. Tallahassee. 

Wakasabsa bay, Flor. : boundii Levy co. on the S, W. ; 
it receives several rivers, and contains a number of 
islands. 

Wakat'omtca, p. 0., Coshocton co., Ohio : 49 m. E. N. E. 
Columbus. 

Wake county, A''. Car. Situate centrally, and contains 
1,I>1S sq. m. Drained by Ncuse r. and its branches, l^ur- 
face even ; soil various, but in general very fertile. Chief 
productions, cotton, tobacco, wheat, and grain. Farm.s 
1,410; manuf.56; dwell. 2,844, and pop.— wh. 14.177, fr.cni. 
1.301, si. 9.4U9— total 24.SS7. Capital: Raleigh. PuJ'lic 
Works : North Carolina Central R. R. ; Gaston and Ral- 
eigh R. R. 

Wakefield, p. v., Carroll county, Md. : 60 m. N. N. W. 
Annapolis. 

Wakefield, t and p. v., Carroll co., A'l Ilatnp. : 32 m. 
N. E. Concord. This is a pleasant t, with good soil, and 
possessing water-power. It contains 3 largeponds, of which 
Lovewell's Fund, in the S. part, is celebrated as the scene 
of a battle with the Indians in 1725. Pop. of 1. 1,405. 

Wakefiei-d, p. v., Wake co., A^ Car.: IS m. E. N. E. 
Raleigh. 

Wakfjteld, p. v., Washington CO., 7?. /. ; II m.W. S.W. 
Newport. It contains a church, a factory of satinets and 
jeans, and one bank, capital $100,000. 

Wake Forf.st, v.. Wake co., N. Car.: on Gaston .^nd 
Raleigh R. R., 17 ni. N. Raleigh. Here is located Wake 
Forest College, a Baptist institutitin, founded in 1S3S, which 
in 1S50 had 3 professors and 24 students, with 4,700 vols, in 
library. 

AVakeman, t, p. 0., and sta., Huron co., Ohio: 89 ni. 
N. N. E. Columbus. The Toledo. Norwalk. and Cleveland 
R. R. passes through. 69 m. from Toledo. 4^3 m. fmm Clex'e- 
land. The t. has fertile soil, and is drained N. by Vt-riniJ- 
lion r., flowing through it centrally. It contain.'* flouring, 
saw. and grist mills ; also woolen factories. Pop. Tt'4. 

Wakulla county, Flor. Situate N., and c/mlains 403 
sq. m. Drained by branches of Ockatockany r. Surface 
level ; soil fertile, and productive in a high degree. Chief 
products, cotton, sugar, rice, wheat, Indian corn, and fruits 
of all kinds. FannsliJO; manuf 5; dwell. 227. and poji — 
wh. 1,164, fr. col.l,sl. 790— total 1,955. CapiUd : Ncwporr. 

Walcott, p. 0., Greene co., Ark.: 126 m. N. E. Lidle 
Rock. 

Waxden, p. v.. Orange co., K Y. : on E. side of Wailull 



WAL 



WAL 



r, SO tn. S. by W. Albany. It coutains several woolen lac- 
tories ami mills. Top. about 440. 

Walden, t. and p. v., Caledonia co., Venn. : 21 m. N. E. 
MontpelitT. Surface elevated and rough. Drained by head 
branches of Lamoille river. Pop. of t. 910. 

Walden's Ceeek, p. 0., Sevier co., Te7m. : 180 m. E. by 
S. Nashville. 

Waldensville, p. 0., Schoharie county, Ni T. : 25 m. "\V. 
AJbaiiy. 

■\Valdo county, Me. Situate S., and contains 931 sq. m. 
Drained by Marsh and St. George rivers, and tribularies of 
Sebastioook, river. Surface undulating and diversifii'd, with 
numerous lakes and streams of nuniing water, the latter 
supplying fine water-power; soil fertile, and favorable to 
Uie growtli iif wheat :iiid grain, ami other agricultural pro- 
ductions. On the E., the Ptnobscot sitrelches out into a 
broad expanse of water, forming a noble bay, and affords, 
by means of the many excellent harbors on the line ot cr)ast, 
facilities for navigation and the fisheries, that can not at all 
times be commanded. It is well wooded, and has large 
beds of excellent limestone, great quantities of which aro 
exported. Farms 4,415; manLir.347; dwell. 7,631, and pop. 
— wh. 47,191, fr. col. 39— total 47,230. Capital: Belfast. 

"Waldo, t and p. v., Waldo co., Mr. : 37 m. E. by N. Au- 
gusta. Drained by small streams flowing intxj Belfast bay, 
furnishing good water-power. Pop. of I. S12. 

"Waldo, p. o., Delaware c<iunty, Ohio: on W. branch of 
"Whetstone r., 33 m. N. by W. Columbus. 

"W ALDO, p.o., Wright eo., 310. : 97 m. S. by "W. Jefferson 
City. 

"Waldoboro', t., p. v., and port of entry, Lincoln co.,3fe.: 
on MusL'ongus r. The v. has considerable ehiij-buildini; 
and navigation. The total toimage of Waldoboro' district 
on June 30ih. 1S50, was 96,330 tons. The registered tonnage 
amounted to3S,4S3 tons, consisting of 30,612 tons permanent, 
and 7,871 ttms temporary. The enrolled and licensed ton- 
nage amounted to 57,S47 tons, consisting of 5(>.094 tons en- 
rolled, and licensed, and permanent, of which 51,S^2 tons 
were in the coasting trade, 3,713 tons in the cod fishery, and 
B44 tons in the mackerel fishery, and 1,753 tons " license^I 
under 20 tuns," of which 2^3 tons were in the coasting trade, 
and 1,470 tons in the cod Pshery. The foreign commerce 
during the yt-ar preceding consisted of 13 clearances — 2,543 
tons, and G entrances — 192 tons. Vessels built during the 
year 71 — 32 ships, 17 brigs, 22 schooners — 23,632 tons. Pop. 
of t. in 1610, 8,661 ; in 1850, 4,199. 

"Waldron, p. o., Scott CO., Ark. : 96 m. "W. by N. Little 
Eock, 

WAi.Dwrcii t. and p. o., Iowa co., Wise: 80 m. 9. "W. by 
"W. Madison. Pop. 423. 

"Wales, t. and p. v., Kennebec co., 3fe. : 18 m. S. "W. Au- 
^sta. Pop. of t. 612. 

"Wales, p. t., Hampden co., Masf!. : 63 ra. "W. S. "W. B<is- 
lon. Drained by a head stream of Quinnebaug r. and other 
small creeks. The v. contains 2 churches and 2 factories, 
making principally satinets, aud employing 50 operatives. 
Pop. of t. 711. 

"Wales, p. o.. Ogle co., Ill, ; 156 m. N. by E. Springfield. 

Wales, I. and p. v., Erie co., ^\ Y. : 24S m. W. Ailtaiiy. 
Surface undulating; soil fertile loam. Drained N. W. by 
Seneca cr. The inhabitants are generally engaged in farm- 
ing, etc. Pop. of U 2,124. 

Wales, t. and p. o., St. Clair co., Mic7t. : 93 ra. E. by N. 
Lansing. Pop. 189. 

Wales Cestke, p. o., Erie county, 2K T.: 250 miles W. 
Albany. 

Waleska, p. 0., Floyd county, Oa, : 150 m. N. W. by W. 
Milledgeville. 

Walesville, p. v., Oneida co., IT. Y.: 90 m. W. N. W. 
Albany. It contains several paper and other mills. 

Walhonding, p. v., Coshocton co., Ohio: on the Wal- 
honding Canal and river, 50 m. N. E. by E. Columbus. 

Waluonijlnq river, Ohio : is formed in the N. W. part 



of Ilolmes county, by the confluence of Muddy and BlacU 
forks, thence flows S. and E., and at Coshocton unites 
with the Tuscarawas r., formiug Muskingum r. 

Walker county, Ala. Situate toward tlie N., and con- 
tains 1,6S7 sq. m. Drained by Mulberry fork of Black War- 
rior r. and its branches, Sipsey r. and Blackwatrr and Lq.sI 
creeks. Surface uneven and broken, in parts hilly: soli :^t- 
tile, and on the streams are some level bottotn-landa adapted 
tr> cotton, the staple pnjduction. Coal is aluindant. It is 
well timbered, and intersiiersed with numerous streams of 
clear running water. Farms 9n9 ; nianut*. 11; dwell. TJU, 
and pop.~\vh. 4,S57, fr. col. 1, si. 200— total 5,1-^1. Capital : 
Jasper. 

^\'ALKEE county, Ga. Situate N. W.. ami contains 645 
sq. m. Ch.'itooga r. drains it in the S.,:in'l (. hickauinn-ja in 
the N., Rowing into Tennessee r. Surface \ aneil. in general 
it is hilly, with broad fertile valleys inter^per&ed ; soil I'erlilc-, 
and produces fine crops of wheat and graiiL Good limber 
is on the land. About 13 miles N. ()f the C H. is Crawfish 
Spring, which at its source affords suflleient waii-r to float a 
small vessel, aud at about 50 yards dt--lanl a large steamboal. 
Farms 600; raanuf. 1; dwell. l,si;7, and pop.— wh. ll,4i)3, 
fr. col. 37, si. 1,664— total 13,109. Capital: Lafayette Pid>- 
lic ^VorAs : Western and Atlantic K. 11. 

Walker county, Ttu'. Situate toward tIieS..and cimtains 
1,042 sq. m. Drained by head branches of Sai. .Jactuio r.. 
aud affluents of Trinity r., which flows on its N. IL border. 
Surface hilly and broken ; in the 3. are some bottom lands, 
the soil of which is generally a black mold, and very fertile. 
A large portion is prairie, the soil adapted to grazing. U is 
well wooded, and is interspersed with streams of clear and 
wholesome water. Iron ore and liraest<me have been found, 
an<l in the E. is a valuable salt-water s[pri[ig. Farms 2;U; 
maimf. ; dwell. 473, and pop.— wh. 2,663, fr. col. 0, si. 1.3')l 
—total 8,904. Capital: Huntsville. 

Walker, t. and p. v., Centre co., Pemu: 60 m. N. W. 
Elarrisburg. 

Walker lake, Millard co., Utah Ter. : 35S m. W. Fillmore 
City. It lies at the base of the Sierra Nevada range, is yO 
m. long, 7 m. wide, and receives Walker river. 

Walker's, p. o., M-Donough co., III. : on S. side Turkey 
cr.. 64 m. N. W. by W. Springfield. 

Walkeb's, p. o., Crittenden co., Ky. : 194 m. W. S. W. 
Frankf-.rt. 

Walker's sta., Strafford co., A1 Uawp. : on Coeheco li. i;., 
14 m. from Dover. 

Walker's, p. o., Colleton disf., S. On:: SO m. S. by E. 
Columbia. 

Walker's CiiiTRrn, p. o., Appomattox co., Yirg.: 5S m. 
W. S. W. Kiohmond. 

Walker's Grove, p. o., Fulton co., III. : 23 m. N. N. W. 
Springfield. 

Walker's Mills, p. o., Alleghany CO., Penn, : 163 ra. W. 
Ilarrisburg. 

Walker's Neck, p. c, Brown co., III. : 65 m. W. by N. 
Sprhigneld. 

Walkeksvtlle, p. v., Frederick co., M<1.: 70 m. N. W. 
Annapolis. 

Walkf.esville, p. v., Union county, K. Cai\: 114 m. 
W. S. W. lialeigh. 

Walkertox, p. v.. King and (>ueen co., Virg. : 30 bl 
N. E. Richmond. 

Walkertown, p. o., Forsyth eo., X. Car. : 95 m. W. by N. 
Kalcigh. 

Walkervtlle, p. o., Lycoming county, P,:iiii. : C2 m. N. 
Harrisburg. 

Wallarout bay, y. Y. : lies between the cities of Brook- 
lyn aTid Williamsburg. It is ."bout one m. long, and Ihreo- 
flfihs m. wide. On H» S. W. side is the V. S. Navy yarl, 
covering some 40 acres, with the greatest dry dock in the 
Union. In the vicinity is the tonib, rontaining the remains 
of 11,000 Americana, wlu> di» d on iioanj the British prison 
ships moored in this hay dur.ni: tlie llevoluiion. 



WAL 

Wallace, p. o,, Jones county, Ga.: 16 miles S. "W. 
Mille<i^eville. 

Wallace, p. o., Fountain co., Ind.: 62 m. N. W. by W- 
lu'liHuiipolis. 

Wallace, p. o., Iowa county, Wise: 49 miles W. by N. 
Madison. 

Wallace, p. c, Cheater co., Penn. 

Wallace Creek, p. o., Indepiendence co., Arl^. : on W. 
si'ki or White r., 73 m. N. N. E. Liltle Kock. 

Wallack'9, sta., Steuben co., K Y. : on Buffalo, Corning 
and New York Fv.R.,81 ra. from Corning. 

AVallace's Ckoss Koads, p. o., Anderson county, Tenn. : 
144 m. E. Nashville. 

WALLACEvaLLE. p. 0., Yenango county, Penn. : 16S miles 
W. N. W. llarrisbure;. 

Wallawalla river, Oreg. Ter.: rises in the Blue 
mountjun^, flows N., then W.,and empties into Columbia r. 
near Fort Wallawalla. 

Walldes's Kidqe, p. 0., Marion co., Tejin. : 90 m. S. E^ 
Nashvillt;. 

Walled Lake. p. o., Oakland co., Ifich,: 54 m. E. by S. 
Lansing. 

Waller, p. o., Boss co., Ohio: 45 m. S. Columbus. 

Wallingford, t., p. F., and sta.. New Haven co.. Conn. ; 
23 miles S. S. W. Hartford. Surface pleasantly diversified, 
with good soil. Drained by Quiniiipiac r., which furnishes 
water-power. The v. at the centre is pleasantly situated 
and neatly built, and contains 3 churches. A liltle W, of 
Uie V. is the sta. on the New Haven, Hartford, and Spring- 
Heid B. B., 12 m. from New Haven, 24 m. from Hartford. 
Pop. of t. '2,p9. 

Walling'ford, p. 0., Will county, III.: 183 miles N. E. 
Springfield. 

Wallingford, t, p. v., and sta., Eutland county, Venn. : 
59 ra. S. S. W. Monlpelier. Surface uneven and mountaiii- 
niis. Drained on the W. by Otter creek, and by its branch, 
Mill river, on the E., which rises in Hiram's Pond in Ihe S. 
part, covering 350 acres. There are other ponds in the t. 
wbicdi are very handsome, and abound with flsli. Lime- 
stone and excellent marble is abundant The v. in the N. 
part, near Olt<T creek, is very pler-sant, and surrounded by 
beautiful scenery. The Western Vermont B. B. passes 
through it, 9 m. from Bulland, 42 m. from N. Bennington, 
74 UL from Troy. Pop. of t 1,6SS. 

Walling's Fekrt, p. o., Eusk county, Tecr. : 226 m. N. E. 
Austin Ciiy. 

Wallkill river, i^ Jer, and JV! T. : rises in S. E. part of 
Sussex county, New Jersey, flows N. N. E. through Orange 
and Ulster counties, New Tork, and empties into Bondoul- 
kill, 7 m. from the entrance of that stream into tho Hudson. 
It furnishes great water-pi)wer. 

Wallonia, p. v., Trigg county, Ki/.: on small branch of 
Cumberland r., 190 m. S. W. by W. Frankfort 
' Walloomsac, sta., Bensselaer co., N. Y. : on Troy and 
Bennington B. E., 23 miles from Troy, 4 miles from North 
Bennington. 

Walloostook river. Me, : is the main branch of the St. 
John's r. ; rising in Somerset co., it flows in general N. N. E. 
ci"iurse, through Aroostook county, to its confluence with St. 
Francis r., at the N. boundary of the State. 

Wallsville, p. o., Luzerne co., Penn. : 105 m. N. E. by 
N. Harrisburg. 

Walnford, p. o., Monmouth co., N. Jer. : 12 m. E. S. E. 
Trenton. 

Walnut, p. c, Juniata county, Penn.: 85 miles N. W. 
lliirrisburg. 

Walnut, p. c, Jefferson county, /(/. .* 48 m. S. W. by S. 
Iowa City. 

Walnut Bend, p. o., Phillips co.. Ark.: 94 m. E. Liltle 
Rock. 

Walnut Bottom, p. o., Cumberland co., Penn. 

Walnut Camp, p. o,, Poinsett co., Arh. : 96 m. E. N. E. 
UtUe Eock. 

m 



WAL 

WALNtrr Cove, p. o., Stoke co., N. Car. : 103 m. W. N.W. 
Raleigh. 

Walnut Creek, p. c, Claiborne par.. La. : 190 m. N. W* 
by N. Eaton Bouge. 

Walxut Creek, p. c, Grant co., Ind. : 55 ra. N. N. E. 
Indianapolis. 

Walnct Creek, t and p. o., Holmes co., Ohio: 74 m, 
N. E. by E. Columbus. Drained by or. of same name, a 
branch of Tuscarawas r. Pop. 1,077. 

Walnut Creee, p. o., Buncombe co., IT". Car. : 216 m. W* 
Baleigh. 

Walnut Flat, p. o., Lincoln co., Ky. : on a branch of 
Dick's r., 49 m. S. S. E. Frankfort. 

Walnut Forest, p. o., Greene co.. Mo. : 105 m. S. S. W. 
Jefferson City. 

Walnut Fork, p. o., Newton co., Ark. : 95 m. N.W. by N. 
Little Bock. 

Walnut Fork, p. o., Jones co., la.: 26 m. N. E. by N. 
Iowa City. 

Walnut Grove, p. o., Blount co., Ala. : 113 m. N. by W. 
Montgomery. 

Walnut Grote, p. o., Knox co., HI. : 91 m. N. by W. 
Springfield. 

Walnut Grove, p. o., Scott co., la. : on S. side Wapsl- 
pinicon r., 42 m. E. Iowa City. 

Walnut Grove, p. o., Morris co., iV' Jer. : 41 m. N. by E. 
Trenton. 

Walnut Grove, p. o.. Orange co., 2^. Car. : 39 m. N. W. 
Baleigh. 

Walnut Grove, p. o., Overton co., Teiin. : SO m. E. by N. 
Nashville. 

Walnut Grove, p. o., Spartanburg dist., S. Car. : 62 m. 
N. W. Columbia. 

Walnut Grove, p. o., Walton county, Ga.: 62 miles 
N. W. by W. Milledgeville. 

Walnut Grove, p. o., Kanawha Co., Tirg. : 225 nk 
W. N. W. Bichmond. 

Walnut Hill, p. o., La Fayette county. Ark.: 185 m. 
S. W. by S. Little Eock. 
•Walnut Hill, p. 0., Franklin county, Ga. : 93 m. K. 
Milledgeville. 

Walnut Hill, p. o., Panola county, Tex. : 247 m.' N. Ei, 
Austin City. 

Walnut Hill, p. c, Marion co., HI. : 95 m. 8. by R 
Springfield. 

Walnut Hill. p. o., Buchanan county, Mo. : 160 m, 
N. W. by W. Jefferson City. 

Walnut Hill, p. o., Leo co., Vlrg.: 333 m. W. by S. 
Eichmond. 

Walnut Hill, p. o., Bapidcs par.. La, : 102 m. N. W. 
by W. Baton Bouge. 

Walnut Hill, p. o., Fayette co., Ky.: 27 m. E. S. £ 
Frankfort. 

Walnut Hill, p. o., Hamilton county, Ohio : 86 m. 
S. W. by W. Columbus. 

Walnut Lane, p. c, Surry co., N. Car. : 124 m. W. Jf.W- 
EaTeigh. 

Walnut Peak, p. o., Tishemingo co., Miss. : 195 ja. 
N. E. by N. Jackson. 

Walnut Post, p. o., Lauderdale CO., Tenn, : 158 nk 
W. by S. Nashville. 

Walnut Eidge, p. c, Phillips co., Ark. .* 84 m. E. 
Little Bock. 

Walnut Springs, p. o., Greene co., Wise: 81 m. S. W, 
M.adison. 

Walnut Yalley, p. o., Madison co., Ky. : 43 m. S. R 
Frankfort 

Walnut Valley, p. o., Eock Island county, lU. : 180 rh. 
N. N. W. Springfield. 

Walnut Valley, p. o., Marion co., Tenn. : 86 m. 8. E. 
Nashville. 

Walnut Valley, p. c, Warren co., 17'. Jer. : on N. side 
Pauliu's kiU, 52 m. N. by W. Trenton. 



WAL 



"WAR 



■Wai-pole, t-, p. v., ami sta., Norfolk co., M'ass..' IS m. 

8. "W. by S. Boalon. Surface uneven. Drained by Neptm- 
eel r. and branches, whioh ftimish water-prnv^r to several 
faclories of woolen and cotton goods. The town contains 
«e\ora] plca^unt village. The Norfolk Co. R. R. passes 
through Walpule v., IS m. from Boston. Pop. of 1. 1.929. 

Walpole, t., p. v., and sta., Cheshire county, JV. Ilamp.: 
A\ m. W. S. W. Conconl. Conneeiicut r. bounds it on the 
W. Surface beautifully diversified. The v. is very pleas- 
antly situated in S. E. part of the t,, on an elevated plain at 
the fool of Fall Mountain, which is 750 feet above the Con- 
necticut r. The t. contains several woolen factories, tanne- 
ries, grist and saw mills. The Cheshire K. R. runs along 
the bank of the Connecticut, having stations at "Walpole v. 
and Cold river ; the former is 59 m. from Fitchburg. Pop. 
of t 2,034. 

■Walpole East, p. o., Norfolk co., 2f:m. : 19 m. W. S. TV. 
B. IB ton. 

"Walseb's Mill, p. c, Davidson co., K Car. : 97 m. "W. 
Eak-igh. 

TValterboro', p. v., and cap. Colleton diet, S.Car. : 94 m. 

9. by E. Columbia. It contains the county buildings, etc. 
IN>p. about SOO. 

Waltqam, t., p. v., and sta., Middlesex co., Masa.: S m. 
V,'. N. W. Bost'jn. Surface generally level ; drained by 
Charles river, which alTurds water-power to several factories. 
Tlie principal v. is pleasantly situated, and is very neatly 
built with many elegant dwellings, surrounded by fine gar- 
di^ns. Many of the inhabitants transact their daily bnsintss 
In Boston, with which it is connected by Fitchburg R. R. It 
contains several handsome churches, a lyceum, and 1 bank, 
capital 1100,000. Prospect Hill, N. "W. of the v., elevated 
4S2 feet above the level of the sea, affords delightful pros- 
pects <>f the vicinity, and Boston city and harbor, etc. Pop. 
in 1^0, -2,504 ; in 1S50, 4,464. 

Walthourville, p. 0., Liberty county, Ga. : 194 ra. S. E. 
Milledgeville. 

Walton county, I7or. Situate TV., and contains 1.157 
eq. m. Drained by Yellow and Shoal rivers, with "While 
.ind Alequa creeks. Surface generally level; soil varied in 
the N., bcin/j; i'ertile and more productive than in the other 
parts of the co. Chief products cotton, sugar, and Indian 
corn. Choctawhachie bay bounds It on the S. Farms ICl ; 
manuf. ; dwell. ISS, and pop.— wh. 1,037, fr, col. 6, el. 386— 
tijtal 1,379. Capittil: Ucheo Anna, 

Walton county, Ga. Situate N. centrally, and contains 
854 sq. m. Drained by head branches of Oconee and Oc- 
mulgee rivers. Surface undulating; soil fertile, and is a 
deep mold, with clay intermi.xed ; it is well adapted to cot- 
ton, which is one of the principal productions of the cotmty. 
Farms S€4: manuf. 56; dwell. 1.191, and pop.— wh. C.SU'i, 
fr. col. 16, si. .3,9r)9-totaI 10,S21. Capital: Monroe. 
puhlic Works: Georgia R. P.. 
Waltos, p. o., Boone co., Ktj.: 53 ra.N. by E.Frankfort. 
Waltox, t and p. v., Delaware co., y. Y.: 7S m. S. W. 
by W. All>any. Draineil by W. branch of Delaware r. and 
Its affluents. Surface hilly; soil best adapted to grazing. 
The V. on Delaware river contains several mills, 2 churches, 
and about 400 inhabit.anls. Pop. of t, 2,271. j 

Walton, p. o., Kanawha co., Virg.: 21S m. W. N. W. 
Richmond. 

Walto.v, p. o., Newberry district, S. Car. ; 40 m. N. W. 
Columbi.a. 

Waltonham, p. v., St Louis co., ^fo.: 102 m. E. by N. 
Jeff<'r8on City. 

Walton's Fop.n, p. c, Habersham co., Ga. : 105 m. N. 
Mill'-'igt-viile. 

Walwop.th county, Wise. Situate S. E., and contains 
576 sq. m. Drained in the W. portion by Turtle cr. and its 
affluents, and in the K. by Fox r. and its branches. Surface 
level and diversifie'l, with numerous lakes, the prJncip.'d 
being Geneva and Duck lakes ; soil fertile, and adapted to 
wheal and grain- It ie weU timbered, and has some fine 

57 



pmirie land. Farms 1,SS4; manuf. SI ; dwell. .3,112, and 
pop.— wh. 17.S5S, fr. cnl. 3— total 17,SG1. Capital: Elk- 
horn. PuhUc W'n'kfi : Chicago and Wisconsin R. E. ; 
Milwaukie and Mississippi R. K. ; Racine and danesville 
Plank-rnad, etc. 

Walwoktu, I, and p. v., Wnyne co., JV. Y. : UiS m. W. 
by N. Albany. Surface undulating; soil f.-rtiio, gravelly 
Io;im. Drninud by streams flowing into Lake Ontario. 
The V. contain-* several stores, 3 churches, and about ISO 
inhabitants. Pop. of t. 1,9S1. 

Walwop.th, t. and p. o., Walworth en.. Wine. : 16 m. 8. E. 
Madison. Surface diversified, with excellent Innd, chiefly 
prairie, but considerable timber, and hL;,'hly cultivated. 
Part of Geneva lake lies on its E. border. Pop. of town in 
lS4n, 226: in IS.'iO, 987. 

Wampmissio, sta-, Suffolk county, 2/. Y. : on Long Island 
R. l;., 64 m. from New York. 

Wampsville. p. v. and sta., Madison co. K. Y.: 90 m. 
W. by N. Albany. The Syracuse and Utica P.. \i. passes 
through, 30 m. from Utics, 23 m. from Syracuse. Pop. 
about 420. 

Wananri river, Minn. Ter. : a N. tributary of Missouri 
river, which it enters a little below NioI)rar.ih r. It is about 
190 m. long, and flows in direct 8. E. course. 

Wanconda, p. 0., Lake county, M, : ISO m. N. E. by N. 
Springfield. 

Wapaukonetta, p. v., and cap. Auglaize co., Ohio: on 
S. side of Big Auglaize river, 74 m. N. W. by W. Co'umbus. 
This V. was formerly near the centre of the reservation of 
the Shawnee tribe of fndians, but they have all been re- 
moved West, It contains the county buiidiugs, etc. Popu- 
lation 504. 

Wapello county, la. Situate toward the S. E., and con- 
tains 4-i-2 sq. m. Drrtincd by Des Moines river, which flows 
through it from N. W. to S. E., and by W. l^ranch of Skunk 
river. Surface level ; soil fertile, anil .adapted to wheat and 
grain; it is also favorable to the cultivation of fruits and 
vegetables. Farms S2S; manuf. 7; dwell. 1,416. and pop. 
— wh. 8,4G6, fr. col. 5— total 8,471. Oipital: Otlumwa. 
Puhlic Work^ : Des Moines Eiver Improvements. 

Wapello, p. v., and cap. Louisa county. la.: IJ m. W. 
Iowa r., 86 miles S. E. by 9. Iowa City, It occupies a very 
level but pleasant site on the border of the Wapello prairie. 
It is regularly laid out, and contains the court-house, etc. 
The " Louisa County Times" (indep.) is issued weekly. 
Pop. 937. 

Wappenger's Falls, p. o., Duchess co., y. Y.: 8 m. W. 
nudaon r., 76 m. S. Alb.iny. 

WApfiipiNicuN river. It. : flows through N. E. pari of the 
State, in neariy direct S. E. course for ISO m., and enters the 
Mississippi 5 ni. N. Princeton. 

WAqiroiT, p. o., Barnstable co., J/ti-ss. ,- S6 m. S. 8. E. 
Bo.it'in. 
WAnDBOF.o'. p. o., Warren co., X. Y.: 64 m. N. Albany. 
W.\Ri)ENSvrLLK, p. o., liiirdy co., Virg.: 145 m. N. W. 
Richmond. 
WAnr/snoRo', t. and p. v., Windham c.>., TerTn.: 90 m. 
I S. by W. Motitpelier. Surface hilly. Drained by branches 

uf Wcstr. Pop. of 1. 1,125. 
' Waei>'9 Geove, p. o., Jo Paviess county. 111.: 160 m. 
N. by W. Springfield. 

WAP.ffi county, Ga. Situate 8. E., and contains 1,652 
sq. ni. Drained by Santilla r. and its affluents, rmd other 
small etrcams. Sur.'^ce level, and much of it is low and 
Bubject to submer!rfr>n ; soil fertile, and where fit for cultiva- 
tion, is well adapt«'cl to cotton and grain. Okeflnoke Swamp 
occupies the whole of the southern portion, and extends 
some dist;iiic^ into Florida; it resembles in wet seasons an 
inland sea or large lake, with numerous islands. St. Mary's 
river has its source in this swamp. Farms 8^9 ; manuf. ; 
dwell. 561, and pop.— wh. 8,597, fr. col. 3, <l. 2*:&— total 
3,SSS. Caj'it'if: Waresboro*. Pullic Workt: Bruoewick 
and Florida E. E. 

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■Ware, t and p. v., Hampshire co., Maas. : 61 m.W. by S. 
Boston. Drained by Ware r. and branches, which by the 
falls at Ware v. affords good water-power. The v. has sev- 
eral Iars:e factories of cotton and woolen goods. The Otis 
Company, manufacturing sheetings, etc., has a capital of 
$450,000. It also contains a bank, capital $200,000. The 
"Village Gazette'' (neut.) is published weekly. Pop. of t 
in 1840, 1,890 ; in 1850, 3,7S5. 

War Eagle, t. and p. o., Madison co,, Ark.: 129 m. 
N. W. Little EoL'k. It contains several grist-milla and tan- 
neries. Pop. about 850. 

Warkham, t., p. v., and sta., Plymouth co., Jfass. : 45 m. 
S. 3. E. Bo3ton. Drained by Awagon r. and small streams, 
which afford great water-power, and flow into Buzzard's 
bay, bounding the ton the S. The t. contains several 
pleasant villages. Wareham v., at the head of the bay, has 
ft good harbor, admitting vessels of 200 tons to ita wharves. 
It contains a bank, capital |100,000, an institution for sav- 
ings, and is largely engaged in the manufacture of iron, 
nails, etc. The Tremont Iron Company, making railroad 
rails, have a capital of $2iiO,OoO, and 3 very extensive nai! 
factories employ several hundred operatives. The Cape 
Cod Branch E. R. passes through W. and S. Wareham. and 
and Warf'ham v. ; the latter 15 m. from Middleboro", 60 m. 
from Boston. Population of town in 1840, 2,002; iu 
1650, 3,1 S6. 

WAREnocrsE Point, p. v. and sta., Hartford co., Conn.: 
on E. side of Connecticut r., and on New Haven, Hartford, 
and Springfield R. R., 12 m. N. from Hartford. It contains 
2 churclu's, and some large woolen factories. 

Wakesboro', p. v., and cap. Ware co., Ga. : about 3 m. S. 
gantilla r., 67 m. N. W. by W. St. Mary's, lOT ni. S. S. E. 
Milledgeville. It contains the county buildings, etc. 

Warfif.ldburo, p. v., Carroll co., Md. : 42 m. N. W. by N. 
Annapolis. 

W arfordsburg, p.v., Fulton co., Penn. : 75 m. S. W. by W. 
Harrisburg. 

War Gap, p. o., Hawkins co., Tenn. : 204 m, E. by N. 
Nashville. 

War Hill, p. o., Hall county, Oa.. 92 m. N. N. W. 
Milledgeville. 

Warminster, p. v., Nelson co., Vi)'g. : on James River 
Canal, and N. side of James r., 70 m. W. Richmond. 

Warm Springs, p. o., Meriwether co., Ga. : 90 m.W. by S. 
Milledgeville. 

Warm Sprinhs, p. v., Buncombe co., K, Car. : on S. side 
of French Broad r., 237 m. W. Raleigh. These springs 
have valuable medicinal properties, and are of much resort 
during the summer. 

Warm Springs, p. v., Bath co..T7r^. {See Bath.) 

Warner, t, p. v., and sta.. Merrimac co., N. Hamp. : 
14 ra. W. by N. Concord. Surface uneven. Drained E. by 
Warner r. The v. contains some manufactories and one 
bank, capital $50,000. The Merrimac and Connecticut 
Rivers R. R, passes through it. Pop. of t. 2,033. 

Warner's Landing, p. o., Bad Ax co.. Wise. : on E. bank 
of Mississippi r., 93 m. W. N. W. Madison. 

Warnkrvillb, p. o., Schoharie co., N. Y. : 25 m. W. 
Albany. 

Warnervtlle, p. c, Livingston co., Mick. : 33 m. E. S. E. 
Lansing. 

Warren county, Ga. Situate E. toward the N., and con- 
tains 486 sq. m. Drained by branches ofOgeechee and Lit- 
tle rivers, and of Brier er., which run; on its S. E. border. 
Surface undulating; soil fertile, and adapted to cotion and 
other agricultural productions, wheat and grain being pro- 
duced in abundance. It has good pasturage, and fattens 
large numbers of cattle and hogs. Farms 605 ; manuf. 42 ; 
dwell. 1,135, and pop.— wh. 6.168, fr. col. 149. si. 6,Ki8— total 
12,425. CiJpitnL : Warrenton. Public Works : Georgia 
E. R. ; and Warrenton Branch R. R. 

Warren county, IU. Situate W. toward the N., and con- 
tains 540 sq. m. Drained by Henderson's r. and ila afflu- 
893 



ents, and by Ellison's cr. and branches of Spoon r. Surface 
level; soil fertile; on the streams are souie rich tracts of 
land which are very productive, and yield fine crops of 
wheat and grain, the staple productions of the co. Pork 
and beef are exported. Farms 956 ; manuf. 42 : dwell. 
1.401, an.l pop.— wh. 8,162, fr. col. 14— total 8,176. Capital: 
Monmouth. PulUc Works : Central Military Track R. R. ; 
Penria and Oquawka R. R. 

Warren county, Ind. Situate N. W. middle, on the 
Illinois State line, and contains 360 sq. m. Peru, Rock, and 
Red Wood creeks drain the interior; and, except on the 
W^abjiah, on which bluffs bound an extensive bottom-land, 
the surface is gently undulating, rising toward the W. 
Woodland and prairie about equally divided. The soil is 
good— in some parts very fertile. Live-stock and grain are 
exported. Farms 7S2 ; maimf. IS ; dwell. 1,273, and pop.— 
wh. 7,3S1, fr. col. 6— total 7,387. CupiUd: Williamsport. 

Warren county, /(/. Situate S. centrally, and contains 
432 sq. m. Drained by tributaries of Des Muinea r. Sur- 
face undulating; soil consists of a fine dt^ep mold, and is 
very fertile. It is well timbered, and contains good pastur- 
age for cattle. Farms 47 ; manuf. ; dwell. 152. and pop. — 
wh. 060, fr. col. 1— total 961. Capital: Indianola. 

Warren county, Ay. Situate S. toward the W., and con- 
tains 546 sq. m. Drained by Big Barren r. and its branch- 
es, which enter Green r. in the N. Surface level ; soil fer- 
tile, and makes excellent pasture land. Chief productions, 
tobacco, wheat, and Indian corn ; fruits and vegetables are 
also produced. Farms 1.145; manuf. .38 ; dwell. 1,798. and 
pop.— wh. 10,597, fr. col. 209, si. 4,317— total 15.123. Capi- 
t<il: Bowling Green. Puhlic Works: Louisville and Nash 
ville R. R, 

Warren county, Mi.'^s. Situate W., and contains 570 
sq. m. Drained by Yazoo r. and branches of Big Black r. 
Surface varied ; in the eastern portion the land is much 
broken and hilly ; in the west level, and in parts lying so 
low that it is liable to inundation. Soil very fertile, and in 
some portions exceedingly rich. There is much flue grazing 
land in the county. Chief productions, cotton and Indian 
corn. Of the former is raised upward of 16.000.000 of lbs. 
Farms 435: manuf. 25; dwell. 1,230, and pop.— wh. 5,993, 
fr. col. 27, 9l. 12,096— total 18.121. Capital: Vicksburg. 
Public Works: Vicksburg. Jackson, and Brandon R. R. 

Wabren county. Mo. Situate toward the E., and con- 
tains 342 sq. m. Drained by affluents of Missouri r., which 
forms its southern boundary, and in the northern portion by 
branches of Cuivre r. Surface diversified ; soil fertile ; the 
botiom-lands consist chiefly of a fine black mold, and are 
very productive. Tobacco is the staple, but wheal and 
grain arc raised in large crops. It is well Umbered. Farms 
744 ; manuf. 11 ; dwell. 899, and pop.— wh. 4,921, fr. col. 4, 
si. 935— total 5.860. Capital : Warrenton. 

Warren county, K Jer. Situate N. W.. and contains 414 
sq. ni. Drained by Paulinskill, Request, and Pohalcong 
rivers, tributaries of Delaware r.. which forms its western 
boundary. Surface broken and hilly ; soil fertile, and 
adapted to grain. Staples, wheat, Indian corn, and pota- 
toes. Pine timber abounds, Schooley's Mountain forms 
its S. E. boundary. Farms 1,537 ; manuf. 341 ; d w ell. 3,'^54, 
and pop.— wh. 21,990, fr. col. 866, si. 2 — total 22,853. Cap- 
it<il: Belvidere. PublicWorks: Belvidere Delaware R. li.; 
Morris Canal, etc. 

Warren county, JV. Y. Situate E. toward the N., and 
contains 912 sq. m. Drained by Hudson r., Schroonbran'h 
of the Hudson, and Jessup'scr. Surface generally hilly and 
broken, but in the S. is some level hind ; soil in most parts 
barren and unfit for cultivation; there is. however, some 
good land iu the level portions, and in the valleys, where 
agricultural pursuits are followed, and much corn, oals, etc., 
are produced — these, with wheal and Indian corn, make 
the staple articles of commerce. This co. is rich in min- 
erals, and contains some quarries of granite and limestone. 
The Palmertown range traverses the E. section, Clinton 



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range tbe W., and the Kayadirosseras Ihe centnil. Lumber 
is exported in a large quantity. Farms 1,505 ; manuf. 12S ; 
dwell. 2.976, and pop.— wh. 17,153, fr. col. -iti— total 17,199. 

"Wakp.en county, y. Car. Situate N. toward the E., and 
contains 439 sq. ra. Drained in the N. by Koanoke r. and 
its branches, and in the 8. by Fishing cr. and ita brandies. 
Surface somewhat elevated and diversified; soil in general 
fertile. Chief productions, t<^bacco, cotton, wheat, and In- 
dian corn. Farms 54:3; manuf. 20; dwi-ll. 905, and pop. — 
wh. 4,604, fr. col. 441, si. S,SG7— lulal 13.91-2. Capital: 
Warrent'in. Puhlio Works: Gaston and Raleigh K. li. ; 
Koanoke Valley E. K. 

"Waiiben cniinly, Ptnt). Situate N. W., and contains 782 
sq. m. Alleghany river cuIlts it in the N. E., and passes 
thnmgh its central portion, by which and its branches, 
liroken Straw and Conewaiigo creeks, it is drained. Sur- 
face uneven, and in parts hilly and broken; soil varied — on 
the streams being very fcrlile. Staples, wheat, grain, and 
potatoes. It has some good timber laud and excellent pas- 
turage for cattle. Farms 1,2U7 ; manuf. 216: dwell. 2,4S9, 
and pop.— wh. 13,593, fr. col. 7S— total 13,671. Capital': 
"Warren. Puf'lie Works: Suubury and Erie R. K. ; Alle- 
ghany Valley n. R. 

"Warres county, Tenn. Situate S. E. centrally, and con- 
tains 3T"2 sq. m. Caney fork *>{ Cumberland r. flows on its 
N. E. border, by branches of which it is drained. Surface 
hilly; soil fertile, and adapted to grain. Farms 645 ; matmf. 
6; dwell. 1.3S7, and pop.— wh. S,3SG. fr. col. So, sL 1,710— 
—total 10,179. Capital: M'Minnsville. Public Works: 
Lexington and M'Minnsville li. R. 

Waeren county, Virg. Situate N., and contains 226 
sq. m. Drained by Shenandoah r., which passes through 
ita centre. Surface mountainous and broken ; soil fertile. 
Chief productions, wheat and Indian corn. Farms 397; 
manuf. St; dwell. S2S, and pop. — wh. 4,492, fr. col. 367, 
si. l,74S—t*ital 6,607. Capital: Front Royal. PuUicWorks : 
Manassas Gap R. R. 

Waf.f.en, t. and p. v., Litchfield CO., Conn. : -33 m. "W. 
Hartford. Drained by Shepaug r., a tributary of Ilousa- 
t'lnie r. Raumaug Pond lies in its S. part. Pop. of t 831. 

Warp.kv, p. o., Huntingdon co.,/;w/. ; on E. side of Sala- 
monie r., 70 m. N. E. by N. Indianapolis. 

Warren, L, p. v., and one of the capitals, Lincoln co., Me. : 
31 m. S. E. by E. Augusta. Drained by St. George river, 
which is navigable for sloops. The manufacture of lime is 
carried on extensively, with some ship-buiKiing and large 
lumber business. The v. is well located, and contains the 
county buildings, an academy, etc. Pop. of t. 2,42S. 

Warees, t. and p. c, Macomb co., Midi. : 71 ra. E. by S. 
Lansing. Interests entirely agricultural. Pop. in 1&40, 
337 ; in 1S50, 700. 

Waeken, p. v., Fannin co., Teor. : on S. bank of Red r., 
247 m. N. E. Austin. 

Warrkn, p. v., Baltimore co., Md. : on E. bank Gun- 
powder r., 32 m. N. Annapolis. 

Waekes, L, p. v., and sta., Worcester co., Jfass. : 5^ m. 
W. by S. Boston. Drained W. by Chicopee r., on which 
the V. is situated. The Western R. R. passes through it, 29 
miles from Worcester (73 m. from Boston). It contains sev- 
eral manufacturing establishments, with 2 churches, stores, 
Hc Pop. of t, in 1S40, 1,290 ; in 1850, 1,77G. 

Warren, t and p. o., Marion co.. Mo. : S4 m. N. by E. 
Jefferson City. Pop. of t. about 2,000. 

Warren, t, p. v., and sta., Grafton co.. iVI ITamp. : 52 m. 
N". N.W. ConcMJrd (direct), and by the Boston, Concord, and 
Montreal R. R., which passes through, 71 m. from Coneor*!. 
Surlace diversified ; in S. part mountainous, having Carr's 
Mountain on its S. E. border. Pop, of t 872. 

Warren, p. v., Jo Daviess county, HI. : 1S2 miles N. 
Springfield. The Illinoia Central R. R. will pass through 
this place 

Wabeen, p. 0-, Lee co.. la. : 72 m. S. Iowa City. 



Wauren, sta., Du Page co., IlL : on Galena and Chicago 
Union R. R., 25 m. from Chicago. 

Warren, t. and p. c, Herkimer county, N. Y. : 62 m- 
W. by N. Albany. Surface hilly ; soil excellent loam. The 
inhabitants are generally engaged in agricultural pursuits, 
but the t. also contains mills of various kinds. Pop. 1,756. 

Wakren, p. v., and cap. Trural)ull co., Ohio: on Mahon- 
ing r. 140 m. N. E. by E. Columbus. The v. is n^gularly 
hiiil out with streets crossing at right angles. It contains 
the county buildings a bank, sr-veral churches, elc. In 
1S50 thrtie newspapers were pul^lished — ''T. Wliig,'' " T. 
Democrat," and " Western Reserve Chronicle" (neut.) Fop. 
of t. 7.34. 

Warren, p. b., and cap. Warren co., Pemi.: on N. side 
of xVlkghany r., at the confluence of Conewango cr.. 15S m. 
N. W. Ilarrisburg. It occupies an elevated site, 35 feet 
above the river, of which it commands a fine view in either 
direction. It is regularly laid out with streets crossing at 
right angles, and has a fine public square in the centre con- 
taining the county buildings. It contains 3 churches, an 
academy, stores, etc., and has some manufactures. The 
*' W. Ledger" (dem.) and " W. Mail" (whig) are here pub- 
lished. Two lines of railroad are projected to pass through 
this place, Sunbury and Erie R. R. and the Alleghany Val- 
ley R. R. Pop. in 1840, 737 ; in 1S50, 1,013. 

Warren, t. and p. v., Bristol co., P. I. : 16 m. N. by E. 
Newport. Surface of I. rolling, with very fertile soil. The 
V. in the S. E. part of the t is handsomely situated on ele- 
vated ground. Its harbor readily admits vessels of 300 tons. 
Ship-building, coasting trade, the fisheries, and some manu- 
facturing of cotton goods are carried on. It cont-iuis an ex- 
eelleiK. firinale seminary and some other schools, 2 churches, 
and 2 banks, cap. $260,000. The "Northern Star" (miacel.) 
issued weekly. Pop. in 1840, 2,437 ; in 1S50, 3.103. 

Warren, t. and p. v., Washington co., Ven7i. : 14 m. 
S. W. by S. Montpelier. Drained W. by Mud r., which af- 
fords water-power. Pop. of t. 962. 

Warren, p. v., Albemarle co., Virg.: on James River 
Canal, N. side of Janies r., 62 m. W. by N. Richmond. 

Warren, p. o.. Rock co., Wise: 2G m. S'. S. E. Madison. 

Warren Col'kt-house. p. v., and cap. Bradley co..^(-A-. .• 
3 m. W. Saline r., 75 m. S. by E. Little Rock. It condins 
the CO. buildings, etc. Pop. 679. 

Warrenuam, p. 0., Bradford co., Peini. : 115 m. N. by E. 
Harrisburg. 

Warrensburg, p. v., and cap. Johnson county. Mo. : on 
Post Oak cr., near its confluence with Black r., 87 m. W.by 
N. Jefferson City. It contams the county buildings, etc. 
Pop. 195. 

Warrf.nsruro, t. and p. v., Warren co., 2^. Y. : 5S m. N. 
Albany. Drained, by IIu<lson and Schroon rivers, which 
here unite. Surface hilly, with very fertile soil on the 
sirearas. The v. on Schroon r. contains several stores, 
mills, 2 churches, and about 450 inhabitants. Populatioa 
oft. 1,874. 

Warrensbubg, p. v.. Greene co., Tenn, : on N. side of 
Noliclmcky r., 205 ra. E. Nashville. Pop. about 100. 

Warbensvflle, p. v., Maha.ska co., Ja.: on S. W. side 
Skunk r.. C6 m. W. by 8. Iowa City. 

Warrensville, p. v., Du Page co., ///. ; on E. eide of 
Mill brook, 15S m. N. E. by N. Springfiehi. 

Warrensville. t. ami p. v., Cuyahoga co., Ohio: 8 m. 
E. 8. E. Cleveland, 123 m. N. E. by N. Columbus. Popu- 
lationof L 1,409. 

Warrensville, p. v., Lycoming county, Penn.: T2 m. 
N. by W. Ilarrisburg. 

Warren Tavern, p. o., Chester co., Penn. : 70 m. E. by S. 
Harrisburg. 

Warrenton, p. v., anil rap. Marshall co., Ala.: a. little 
S. Tenne,ssee r., 137 m. N. Montgomery. It contains a 
couri-honse, jail, etc The " Soulhem Guard" (dem.) is i»- 
sui^d weekly. 

Warrenton, p. v., and fap. Warren co., Qa. : 4.'> m. N. E. 

609 



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by E. Milletigeviile. It contaias the couuly buUdinga, a 
church, stores, etc. The Warreutou Braach li. E. extends 
hence to Camak, 4 m., couuecting with the Georgia li. R., 
by which it is 51 m. from Augusta and 121) m. from Atlanta. 
Wabeenton, p. v., Gibsou co., Jnd. : 12G in. 8. W. by S. 
Indianapolis. 

"Waerenton, p. v., Warren county, Ky. : 120 m. S. W. 
Frankfort 

Wakeenton, p. v., "Warren co., Miss. : on E. bank of 
Mmsissippi r., 44 m. W. by S. Jackson. 

Wap.e&nton, p. v., and cap. Warren county, M». : 60 m. 
E. by N. Jefferson City. It contains the county buildings, 
several stores, etc. Pop. about 150. 

Wakkenton, p. v., sla., and cap. Warren co., N. Car. ; 
43 ra. N. N. E. Raleigh. It contaius the court-house and 
jail, several stores, a church, etc. The " Warrentou News" 
ifl published weekly. The Gaston and Raleigh R. R. passes 
near ii, 24 m, from Gaston, 68 m. from Raleigh. Pop. 
about 750. 

Waeeeston, p. v., Jefferson co., Ohio: on W. bank of 
Ohio r., 119 m. E. by K. Columbus. Pop. about 300. 

Waeeeston, p. v., Abbeville disL, S. Car.: on E. aide 
of LitUe r., 80 m. W. Columbia. 

Wabrenton, p. V and cap., Fauquier co., Yirg. : 80 m. 
N. by W. Richmond. It contains a courl-houae, town-hall, 
jail, and 3 churches. The *' Piedmont "Whig"' and " Flag 
of '9S'' are issued weekly. The Warrentou Branch R. R. 
extends hence to junction with the Orange and Alexandria 
E. R. Pop. about 1,300. 

Wakeenton Spuings, p. v., Fauquier co., Virg. : 85 m. 
N. by W. Richmond. 

Wabeentille, p. v., Somerset county, A^. Jer.: 30 m. 
N. E. by N. Trenton. 

Waeeick county, Iml. Situate S. W., on Oiiio river, and 
contains 360 sq. m. Little Pigeon river, and several slow- 
moving streams drain the interior. Except the Ohio bottom, 
and the abutting bluffs, the surface is rolling, but at the 
head of Pigeon river there are some wet prairies. Corn and 
tobacco are staples, and coal is abundant. Farms 994; 
raanuf. 22; dwell. 1,513, and pop.— wh. S,7S2, fr. col. 29— 
total 8,811. Capital: Eooneville. Public ]ro/'/j5 ; Wabash 
and Erie Canal. 

"Warrington, t. and p. v., Bucks co., Peim. : 90 m. E. 
Harrisburg. 

"Waeeinoton, p. T., Hancock co., Ind. : 29 m. E. N. E. 
Indianapolis. 

"WAEErNGTON, p. T., Escambia co., Fh7\ : 1S2 m. W. by N. 
Tallahassee. 

Waeeioe Ceeek, p. 0., 'Wilkes county, N. Car. : 140 m. 
W. by N. Raleigh. 

Warkioe's Mark. L and p. v., Huntingdon co., Penn. : 
66 m. W. N. W. Harrisburg. Surface of t. mountainous. 
The v. in N. part contains several stores, dwellings, etc. In 
the vicinity are two charcoal furnaces, one a hot-blast, of 
1,650 tons annual capacity, and another, cold-blast, with 
annual capacity of 1,830 tons. The t. also contains several 
grist and saw mills, tanneries, and distilleries. Pop. of t. 
about 2,000. 

"WAEUioR Stand, p. o., Macon county, Ala. : S6 m. E. 
Montgomery. 

"Warsaw, p. v., Sumter co.^ Ala. : on "W. aide of Oka- 
tibby-hah r., 121 m. W. N. W. Monlgomery. 

"Warsaw, p. v., Forsylh co., Ga. : on E. side of Chatla- 
hoochee r., 90 m. N. W. Milledgeville. 

"Warsaw, p. v., Hancock co., Jll. : on E. bank of Missis- 
sippi r., 100 m. W. N. W. Springfield. It has a fine Bite, 
with good landing, does considerable business in exporting 
corn and pork, and is surrounded by a good farming country. 
The " "Warsaw Signal" (whig) is issued weekly. 

"Warbaw. p. v., and cap. Kosciusko co., Ind. : 100 m. 

N. by K. Indianapolis. It is beantifiilly situated nearTip- 

pecamx; r. imd two of the lakes. It contains good county 

U4ilduii;n, and two ciiur'-hes. The " iioociusko Republican"' 

•00 



(whig), and " Warsaw Democrat," are here published. 
Lines of railroad are projected from Peru and Fort Wayne 
to pass through this place. Pop. 304. 

Wai'.saw, p. V. aud cap., Gallatin CO.. K^. : on S. bank 
of Ohio r.. 36 m. N. Frankfort. It contains a court-house 
and oUier county buildings, and two churches. It has con- 
siderable trade, and exports a large quantity of produce and 
tobacco. The surrounding country is hilly, but very pro- 
ductive of wheat, corn, and tobacco; aud also abounds with 
fine timber. Pop. about 700. 

"Warsaw, p. v., and cap. Benton co., Mo. : on N. side of 
Osage r., 63 m. W. S. W. Jefferson City. It contains the 
court-house and Jail, several stores, etc. The '* "Warsaw 
Weekly "Whig" is here published. Pop. about 500. 

"Warsaw, p. o., Portage county, Wise. : 105 m. N. by"W. 
Madison. 

Warsaw, p. v., and sta., Duplin county, N, Car. : 50 m. 
S. E. by S. Raleigh. The Wilmington and Weidon R. R. 
passes through, 55 m. from "W ilmington, 107 m. from Weidon. 
Wabsaw, t., p. v., sta., and cap. Wyoming co., N. T.: 
230 m. W. Albany. Surface diversified ; soil extremely fer- 
tile. Drained by Allen's cr., flowing N. through the t cen- 
trally. The V. on Allen's cr. contains the couuly buildings, 
5 churches, an academy, various maiiufacluring establish- 
ments, 1 bank, capital $100,000, and about 900 inhabitants. 
The Buffalo and New York City R. R. passes through it, 
48 m. from Buffalo, and 43 m. from Hornellsville. The 
Western New Yorker" (whig) is issued weekly. Pop. of 
t. 2,624. 

"Warsaw, p. v., Coshocton co., OMo : on the Ohio Canal, 
and N. side of Walhonding r., 53 m. E. N. E. Columbns. 

Warsaw, t. and p. o., Jefferson co., Penn. : on N. side 
of Sandy Lick cr., 126 m. N. "W. by W. Harrisburg. 

Waisaw, p. v., and cap. Richmond co., Virg. : 47 m. 
N. E. by E. Richmond. It occupies a pleasant site, 3 m. 
from Rappahannock r., and contains the county buildings, 
a female academy, church, several stores, etc Pop. about 150. 
"Warsaw Peaikie, p. o., Henderson co., 'A-a. : 173 m. 
N. E. by N. Austin. 

"Warthex's Store, p. o., "Washington county, Ga. : 31 m. 
E. by N. Monlgomery. 

"Wartrace Dep6t. p. o.. and sta., Bedford co., Tenn. ; on 
Nashviile and Chattanooga R. R., 55 m. from Nashville, 
96 m. from Chattanooga. A branch R. R. extends hence, 
8 ra. to Shelbyville. 

AVarwiok county, Tirg. Situate toward the S. E., and 
contaius 55 sq. ra. Drained by small streams of James 
river. It occupies the S. W. portion of the peninsula, 
between York and James rivers. Surface level ; soil mod- 
erately fertile. Chi.ef products wheat and Indian corn. 
Farms 91 ; manuf. ; dwell. 132, and pop. — wh. 598, fr. col. 
43, si. 9(15— total 1,546. Capital: Warwick CI. H. 

WAEwacK, p. v., Cecil county, Md.: 49 m. N. E. by E, 
Annapolis. 

"Warwick, p. v., Dooly county, Oa.: 85 m. 8. S. W. 
Milledgeville. 

"\Vakwick, t. and p. v., Franklin co., Mass.: 63 ra, 
W. N. W. Boston. Surface elevated and uneven ; 8f>il best 
adapted to grazing. The central v. is neatly built, and very 
pleasant. Pop. of t 1,021. 

"Warwick, t and p. v.. Orange co., JV^. Y. : 96 m. S. S. "W. 
Albany. Surface hilly; soil fertile. Drained by branches 
of Wallkill and Passaic rivers. In its "W. part is a portion 
of the *' drovrned lands," and in S. E. part, a portion of 
Greenwood lake. The v. contains 2 churches, aud about 
450 inhabitauts. The t is very large, aud contains other 
settlements. Pop. of t. 4,902. 

Warwick, t., p. v., and sla., Kent co., R. I. : on Stoning- 
ton and Providence R.R., S m. S. from Providence. Bounded 
E. by Karragansett bay. Surface of t. varied ; soil gravelly 
loam. Drained in N. part by Pawtu.xet r., which aiTords 
great water-power, inipruved by numerous factories. Paw- 
Luxel v., ftl ita mnuib, lies pardy iu this t., aud partly ia 



WAR 



WAS 



Cranston. Other villages ia the t. are also not^^d f..r their 
manufactures. Warwick v. contains, besides fiictorie-i, 2 
banks, an academy, church, etc. The "Kent Co. AiUia" 
(niiscel.) is issued weekly. Pup. of t. in 1840, 6,726; in 
1S50, T,740. 

Warwick, p. o., Waukesha co., Wise. : on W. side Wliito 
r., 69 tn. N. by E. Madison. 

Waewiuk, p. v., and cap. Warwick co., Vifff. : 5S in. 



S. E. by E. liichmiind. It contains a courUhouse, jail, etc., 
and is a pleasant village. 

AVasua lake, La. : 17 m. S. S. W. New Orleans. It is 
15 in. long, with average breadth of 5 ni., and connects by 
wide bayous with Cotunche anil LiUle lalies. 

Wasuhuuks Prairie, p. o., Barry couaty, Mo.: 163 m. 
3. W. by S. Jbffersou City. 



THE TERRITORY OF WASHINGTON. 



This Territory, until lSo3 a portion of Oregon Territory, ocoupics all the cixiiilry lying g;eiierally betwct'u the parallels 
of -IG^ and 49^ of north latitude, and extemliu^ from the Uooky Mountains on the east to the Paciflc Ocean on tlie weat. 
The Columbia River forms the southern boundary below the line of 40^ to the sea. It comprises somewhat more thau 
one-third the original territory, or about 13n.tl()ll square miles. 

Of the phvpicul cbaraeteristics of this Territory much has yet to be learned. It includes the waters of Pugel's Sound, 
equal in the maguifioence of their scenery and in thi-ir secure aiul spacicais harbors to llie waters of San Francisco Uay. 
Vancouver's Island and the Gulf of Georgia indent its north-western extremity. The Columbia River is its great interior 
water-course, and there are numerous other imi)ortant streams which emi)ty either into the sound above named, or into 
the Pacific, through bays which may hereafter become valuable t>> commerce. The Columbia River has been llioroughly 
surveyed by Belcher, R. N., and Wilkes. U. S. N., and the Coast Survey lias twice examined its mouth. Shoal-Water 
Bay, Grey's Harbor, and Chiclcaes River have also been surveyed by the United States officers, and the English Admiralty 
cliarts cover the Straits of Fuca, and many harbors on the mainland and Vancouver's Island. The surveys of Captain 
■Wilkes give full information of all the group of islands in tlie Gulf of Georgia, and the channels leading U> and making 
up Puget's Sound. The shores of this wonderfid network of channels are so favorable in soil and location, that they must 
soon poase.'ts great value. Through a surprising extent of line they are directly accessible for ocean vessels, and form, as it 
were, an immense network of harbor. They present the foundation for a kind of agricultural Venice far into the heart 
of the west half of Washington, the resources of which they will greatly aid in devel.ipiug. Fort Nesqually and Olym- 
pia, at tlie soulhern extremity of Puget's Sound, must rapidly advance with the growth of the Territory, and in fact are 
already important places. The interior is but imperfectly known. The land-offlce surveys north of the Columbia have 
as yet made but little progress. On penetrating further toward the Rocky Mountains, the country is essentially unknown. 
The narrative of Lewis ami Clarke, the book on Oregon Missions by Father De Smet, and Irving's Astoria, are the chief 
publications of value on this ground. These serve merely to sluiw that the country borderiug the Rocky Mountains, 
between 40° and 49° on both sides, is still a line held for exploration. Much may be expected from Dr. Evans, who is 
engaged in a geological reconnoissance of the old Oregon Territory, which has taken hira much among the Rocky 
Mountains, and over their baaaltic plains. 

There are several important geographical problems connected with the establishment of this new Territory. The 
boundary, initial points, and parallels will have to be <letermined, and it must soon be dci.led where the cr.st of the 
Rocky Mountains really is. This latter problem may not be ea-sy of solution, for Lewis and Clarke, De Smet, the Irving 
Astoria map. and the Indian Bureau and Topographical Bureau maps all represent these moimlains differently. Lewis 
an.l Clarke exhibit four distinct ranges, with which the best recent explorations essentially agree, and indicate at least 
three parallel ranges running nearly north-west, instead of the more prevalent indication of a single north and south 
range. Exploration may show the necessity of a more deflnile eastern boun.lary. On the north the mouth of Frazer'8 
River is so near to latitude 49°, that a portion of it may be found to fall in the Tnited Stales, though this is improbable. 
Thus, with a field every way so requiring examination, it is fortunate that the newly-appointed governor of Washington 
po»ses.scs so many peculiar qualifications for his sUition, and especially a thorough training in geographical science. Col. 
Isaac I. Stevens has been assistant in charge of the Coast Survey oflice f .r over three years. A hea.l graduate of West 
Point, a highly efBcienl constructing oflicerof engineers, dislinguished in General Scott's stalT in Mexico, lu^ has ilis- 
cliarged the laborious and difficult .administrative duties of his rec.nt positicms in so excellent a manner, as to afford 
every guarantee that he will make himself most usefully fell in the sphere on which he is entering. It is exp<'cled. and 
that expeclation will not be without its fruits, that he will not permit his term to expire wilhout presenting to the public 
a complete map of the Territory, and such reports as will give a clear conception of the surface, soil, resources, jinidncle, 
and peculiarities of a region so soon to become a State, with a voice in our mitional councils. Those wh.. best litiow the 
governor are confident he will be able to acc.miplish this and much more, in ad. lilion to those important ami laborious 
duties which wiU devolve upon him in organizing and putting into thorough operation the machinery of a new territorial 
government. 

Since the appointment of Col. Stevens as governor of this Territory, the President has further honored him by placing 
him at the head <if a parlv to explore what is term.d the Xorlhcrn Pacific Itailroa.l line, imder a recent act of Congress, 
making an appr.ipriati.m to explore the different proposed r.mles to the Pacific. The first thing tn be ascerlainci in the 
survev of lb s route is the practicability of the un.lerlaking. and the labors ..f the g.vernor and his associates will relate 
onlv to the n.ute upon which thev are to be engaged, aii.l their reports will be of those things alone that are sought for by 
the'deparlruent under which they are to acL The oflicTS of the army appointed to assist Gov. Stevens are Capt. .lohn 
W. T. Gardiner. 1st DragTins : Bvt. Capt. George iS. MClell.in: id I.ieul. J. K. Duncan, .'^d Artillery; M Lieut. Rufus 
Saxton,,Jr.. 4lh Artillery; 2d LieuL Cuvier Grover. 4lli Artillery : 2d Lieut. A. J. D.uielson, Corps of Engineers ; Bvt. 
2d Lieut, .fohn Mullan. .Ir., 1st Artillery : and Drs. Luekley an.l C.».p.r. Surg.-ons and Xaturalisls. The scientific corps 
will c.insist of s..me 12 or 14 pers..ns, among wh.un are named .b.lin Evans, geol.igist ; J. iM. Stanley, artist ; G. W. Ste- 
vens and \. R.TOcnyi, ;istronomers ; A.W. Tenkham an.l F. W. Lan.ler, civil engineers ; and .I.dm Lambert .Iraughtsman. 
The esi-.irt cnsists of 10 non-commissioned offlcers, artificers, atni privates of the engineer comp.any, under command ..f 
Lieut, Donelson, and one sergeant, two corporals, one n)usician, and V, privates of C.>. D, Isl Dragoons, under mmmand 
of Capt. Gardiner. Capt- M-Clclbm will depart fr.un Puget's S oun.l l^.r the purp..se of exploring the Casca.le range, 
with two officers furnished him by the briga.lier-g.'neral in cmimiud on the Pacific, and thirty men, ami procei^.l east- 
ward. A portion of the main parly, under LieuL D.melson, will leave St. Louis and ascend the Missouri River t.i Fort 

901 



WAS 



WAS 



Union, at the mouth of the Yellowstone, the place of reinlezvous on the east, where they will be joined by the remainder 
of the parly, under the inimediale eommtiml of Gov. Stevens. 

A topographical survey, says the Washington (D. C.) I^epuUic of 7th May, 1S53, will be made of the Rocky and Cas- 
cade mounlains. between the 46th and 41Hli parallda, and of the intervening country, to determine the general course of 
the railroad, and to guide tlie civil engineers in establishing its precise route. Thia reconnoisance will enibruL-e tlie prom- 
inent features of the country, the mijuulaiu ranges and passes, the windings of rivers and streams, and (heir dividing 
ridges, the prairies, and every thing necessary for the construction of a map of the country. This will comprehend the 
important points of the Missouri and Cohinihia rivers, the cliboicches of the Cascade and Eocky mountain ranges, the 
fixing of the latitude and longitude of all important points, and all tlie facts bearing upon the conslrucliou ut the road 
including the natural facilities for the transportatiou of iron, supplies, etc., required for the road. In crossing rivers the 
height of the banks will bo noted, the drplh of the water, the apparent highest water, the nature of the boilom on which 
abutments and piers must rest, the width between the banlts, and all information leading to correct ealimalcs of the means 
and cost of carrying a road over the stream. 

It is not doubled that the controlhng points will prove to be the passes of the Cascade and Rocky mountains, and the 
opinion is entertained that the location of a mad between the two ranges, and for a long distance east of the Rocky 
Mountains, may be suspended until these passes shall be thoroughly examined, and a practical avenue discovered. 

It is projwsed to construct a general map from the head waters of the Mississippi River to the Pacific Ocean, a map of 
"Washinetou Territory, and thence eastward to the head waters of the Mississippi; maps of the Cascade range, Rocky 
Mountains, and other critical points of the route and of the mountain passes. 

As it will be necessary to determine the capacity of the adjacent country to supply materials for the construction of the 
road, and of the Columbia and Missouri rivers an<l their tributaries to transport them, attention will be given to the ge- 
ograpliy and meteorology of the whole intermediate region; to the seasons and the characters of the freshets; to the 
quantities and continuance of its rains and snows, especially in the mountain ranges; to its geology in arid ranges, 
keeping in view the bringing of water to Die surface by means of artesian wells; to the botany, natural history, and 
agricultural and mineral resonrces ; to the location, numbers, history, traditions, and customs of the Indian tribes ; and 
Buch other facts as may tend to the solution of the railroad problem. 

We learn, further, thai after the completion of the survey of the mountain passes, probably in October or November 
next, such portions of the escort and seientiftc corps as will not be needed in tlie operations toward the Pacific, will be 
dispatched homeward by new routes, in order to obtain still further knowledge of the geography of the country ; and il 
is hoped that a satisfactory report may be made to Congress in February next. 

The preparation and equipment of this expedition have been well considered, and every man, from the principal to 
the humblest subaltern, has been selected with reference to his peculiar fitness for the duty assigned hira. The most 
effective means liave already been employed to eunciliate and secure the good will of the various Indian tribes iuhaLi- 
iting the region to be traversed ; but for any demonstration of an opposite feeling, the party will be well prepared. 

The Hudson's Bay Company has manifested a laudable disposition to render every aid in its power to facilitate the 
operations of the expedition, and the hospitality of its posts, and the friendly offices of its agents, may be depended upon. 

Though some of the Indian tribes of this territory are reputed to be ferocious and malignant in character, they are 
generally superior to those of their race with whom we are better acquainted. In industry, thrift, anl intelligence, they 
far excel the eastern tribes. To act justly towanl them, and to merit their respect and confidence, will be the policy of 
Governor Stevens and his companions, in commendation of whom we might say much, did we not know that they 
possess the entire confidence of the adminislralion ami of the country. Their duty is one of some peril, and will be 
attended with great privations and hardsliips. Often, we douttt not, apparent impossibilities will arise before them in 
such form us would deter irresolute men from the consummation of the task assigned them. But the reality of such 
appearances will undoubtedly in each instance be fully tested by this chosen band, in whose safety and welfare, and in 
the triumph and success of whose enterprise, their whole countr}' will feel the deepest interest. 



■Washington county, Ala. Situate B. W.. and contains 
1.049 sq. m. Drained by numerous branches of Tomhigboe 
r., which forms its E. boun<inry, and by Escatawpa creek. 
Surface varied— in the N. uiidulatini:. and in the S. gener- 
ally level. Soil fertile, and adapted to cotton and corn. 
Pine and other timber abounds. Farms 141; manuf. fl; 
dwell. 258, and pop.— wh. 1.195, fr. col. 22. si. 1.49G— total 
2,713. Capital: Washington. Public Works: Mobile and 
Ohio R. R. 

Washington county, Ark. feituate N. W., and contains 
929 sq. m. Drained by Illinois r., a tributary of Arkansas 
r., and by a head branch of White r. Surface mountainous; 
soil fertile, and adapted to cotton. Farms ft5(t ; manuf. 27; 
dwell. I,4o0, and pop.— wh. S,G36, fr. col. 14, el. 1,1^9— total 
9,849. Capital: Fayetteville. 

Washington county, D. of Col. : co-extensive with the 
District of Columbia. 

Wabuington county, Flor. Situate toward the W.. and 
contains 1,226 sq. m. Drained by several branches o( Choc- 
tawhatchee r., which bounds it on the west. Surface 
level ; soil generally poor, but there are some fertile tracts, 
adapted to cotton ; rice is also grown. In the S. ia St. An- 
drew's V)ay, the banks of which contain a quantity of live 
oak. Farms 155; manuf. 4; dwell. 273. and pop.— wh. 
1,4.34, fr. col. 12, si. 504— total 1,950. Capital: Roche's 
Bluff. 

Wabhinotok county, Ga. Situate E. centrally, and con- 
902 



tains 962 sq. m. Drained by branches of Oconee r., which 
flows on its western border, and of Ogeechee and Great 
Ohoopee rivers. Surface varied ; soil fertile in .«<ome por- 
tions, but in general is of a light sandy nature, and very 
indifferent Wheat and grain are produced, but cotton is 
the staple. Pine and other timber is found on the land. 
Farms 032; manuf. 6; dwell. 1,077, and pop. — wh. 5.993, 
fr. col. .^n, si. 6,73S— total 11,7G6. CapiUd: Sandersville. 
Fahllc Wor?:s: Georgia Central R. R. 

WAsniNGTON county. III. Situate toward the S. W., and 
contains 5?3 sq. m. Drained by Elkhoru and Muddy 
creeks, and small branches of the Ka.<*kaskia r, wliich forms 
its N. W. boundary. Surface level, and a large portion ia 
low and wet. Scil poor, and unfit for cultivation. It has 
good piisturage, tm which large numbers of cattle and hogs 
are fattened, and the exportation of which is constderal)le. 
In the S. are some fine prairies. Farms S29 ; manuf. 9; 
dwell. 1,2SS. and pop.— wh. 6.939, fr. col. 24— total 6,958. 
Capital: Nashville. PnUic Works: Illinois Central R K., 
Sangamon and Massac U. R. 

Washington county, Ivd. Situate S.. and contains 54'J 
sq. m. Drained by Muscatatuck r. and E. fork of White r.. 
Lost r., and head streams of Blue r. Surface diversified — 
hills, levels, and undulations succeed each other rapidly, and 
forests, prairii'S, and barrens intermingle strangely. Sink 
holes and caverns abound, the substratum being limestone 
Soils unusually fertile. Farms I.TIS; manuf. S3; dwell. 



WAS 



WAS 



2,897, and pop.— wh. 16,TS8. fr. col. 252— totui 17,040. r,ij,i. 
Ud: Salem. Public WorA-Ji: New AJbany ami Salem 11. K. 

"Washington county, /ti. Situate townni the S. E.. ami 
contains 569 sq. m. Iowa r. flrnvs through itfi N. E. coruLr, 
by which and its branches, and by Skunk r. and Long and 
Crooked creeks, it is drained. Surface level or rolling; 
soil consists of black mold, with sand inlerniixed, and tV-rliU-, 
and well adapted to grain. Tinibrr abounds. Farms 4'JS; 
manuf, 1 ; dwell. 856, and pop.— wh. 4,957, fr. col. 0— total 
4,957. CitpiUd: Washington. 

Wasiksgton county, K'j. Situate N. centrally, and con- 
tains 8i)7 sq. m. Drained by Chaplin's fork of Salt r., arid 
its briincbes. Surface level ; .soil generally ferlite, and 
ada])teii to grain and grazing. Chief productions, tobacco 
and Indian ci>rn. Farms 667 ; manuf. 21 ; dwell. 1,517, and 
pop.— wh. 9,0S6, fr. col. 63, al. 3,045— total 12,194. Capital : 
Springfield. 

■Wabuington parish. La. Situate N. E. in the eastern 
district, and contains S5S sq. ni. Drained chiefly by Bogue 
Chitto, and Cliifuncte rivers. Surface billy and broken, and 
much of it covered with pine forests; soil in general is 
barren, but there are some portions of fertile land, and 
cotton and rice are grown, which form the staple articles of 
commerce. Farms 260; manuf. 0; dwell. 406, and pop. — 
wh. 2,367, fr. col. 4, sla. 1,037 — total 3,408. Cupital: 
Franklintown. 

Wabhington county, Me. Situate S. E., and contains 
2,470 sq. ni. Machias, Pleasant, and Naraquagas rivers, 
Willi oliier large streams, drain the co. Surface uneven and 
broken, and is diversified with numerous lakes, the prin- 
cijial of which is the Schoodic in the N. Soil fertile, 
adapted to wheat and grain. A large number of cattle and 
hogs are fattened in this co. The eastern boundary is 
formed by the St. Croix r., which separates it from New 
Brunswick. The numerous bays which indent the Atlantic 
shore afford excellent harbors, and also advantages for 
navigation and the fisheries. It is well timbered. Farms 
1.S75; mannf. 310; dwell. 5,835, and pop.— wh. 3S,6S4. fr. 
col. 1'2G— total aS,Sl0. Capita/: Machias. Public Work-'i: 
Franklin R. R. ; Europeau and N. American R. R. ; Calais 
and Baring R. R. 

■W.\8uiNGT0N county, M'l. Situate "W., and contains 
51 8 sq. ra. Drained by branches of Patuxent r., which forms 
its E. and N. E. boundary, and by Piscalaway, Broad, 
Conecocheague, and other creeks, affluents of the Potomac, 
which flows on its S. W. border. Surface varied, in some 
parts being hilly and much broken ; soil a deep mold, and 
in the valleys and the river bottoms is very rich and pro- 
ductive. Staples wheat and grain. Live-stock and grain 
are exported. Farms 1,292; manuf. I7n; rlwell. 5,052, and 
pop.— wh. 26,929, fr. col. 1,829, si. 20,9o;3— total 80,84-8. 
CapiUd : ITagerstown. Pnhlic WorA-Ji : Baltimore and 
Ohio R. R. ; Franklin R. R. ; Chesapeake an<i Ohio Canal. 

Wasiungton county, Minn. Ter. On ihe "Wisconsin 
boundary, iVitm which State it is separated by St. Cmix r., 
and extending back to the 16th meridian "W. of "Washington 
City. The Mississippi makes its S. boundary, and its N- is 
(he -ITlh parallel of latitude. Surface generally level, and 
wi'll drained by creeks of Uie St. Croix. It has numerous 
lakes and in all paris; as a fanning co. it is one of the bc.-t 
and most accessible in the Territory, and has been tlie 
longest settled. Farms4S; manuf.4; dwell. 161, and pop. — 
wh. 1.052, fr. col. 4— total I,('56. Otpitul: Stillwater. 

Washington county, Jf/x/f. Situate W., and rontoins 
1,219 8q. m. Drained by Williams' bayou, and Sun Flower 
rivers and their branches and small streams, nil of which 
are tributaries of Yazoo river. Surface diversified with Iak<-s, 
and in the W. the land rises toward the Mississippi, and 
forms high natural erabankmeirts to that river; e^il very 
fertile, atid wi-ll adapted to cotton, which is the chief i)ro- 
duction. Farms 109; mamif. 0; dw<;II. 126, and pop, — 
wh. 5,^?, fr. coL — , sla. 7,836— toUil 8,389. Capital: 
Greenville. 



Washington county, Mo. Situate toward tlie S. E., and 
contains 937 sq. m. Big river ami its branche.*. and head 
branches of St. Francois and Big Blaekwater rivers, drain 
this CO. Surface varied, for the most part it is hilly and 
much broken, but there is some level land ; soil fertile, and 
adapted to grain. It cmlains part of the celebrated " Iron 
Mountain." which is one vast mass of micaceous oxide of 
iron; it rises in heightabout300 feet above the plain; theore 
is so pure that it yields 7() or SO per cent, good iron. It con- 
tains lead and copper, and is rich in minerals of all kinds. 
Farms 713; manuf. 41 ; dwell. 1,291. and p<^p — wh. 7,713, 
fr. col. 23. si. 1.07o-tolal 8,sll. Capital: Potnsi. Piddic 
Wn'i'A'fi: Iron Mountain R. K. 

Washington county, It'^. Y. Situate E. toward ihe N., 
and contains S07 sq. m. Drained principally by Iloitsick 
and Battenkill rivers, which flow into the Hudson, and 
Pawlet and Poultney rivers, Wood cr., and Moseskill. Sur- 
face various, generally hilly and interspersed with pleasant 
valleys; soil fertile, and in the valleys and on the plain 
producing good cro]>s of wheat; the uplands are well 
adapted to grazing, and much live-stock is raised. Chief 
proiluctions, wheat and Indian corn. It ciitituins many 
minerals, and in the N. granite forms the principal portion 
of the under-slratum of rock. Limestone and slate are 
Ibund in the S. This co. is marked by three distinct ranges 
of mnuntaiiis, viz.: the Taghkanic in the K. portion, the 
Peterboro' extending from N. to S., and the Pahnerslown 
occupying the country between Lake George and Lake 
Chaui|.lain. Farms 3.037; mannf 270'; dwell. 8,043, and 
pop.— wh. 4-1,402, fr. cmI. ;uS— total 44.750. Cajiitids: Salein 
and Sandy Hill. Puhlic Work.'i : Rutland and Washington 
R. R. ; Sarat<'ga and Washington R. R. ; Chainplain Canal. 

Washington county, N. Car. Situate E., and contains 
378 sq. m. Drained by several small streams falling into 
Lake Phelps in the E., an<l Albemarle Sound in the N. 
Surtace level, much t)f it being low and swampy; soil 
moderately fertile. Chief prnduetiuns, cotton and Indian 
corn. Farms 444; manuf. 24; dwell. 070, and pop. — 
wh. 3,21G, fr. col. 236, si. 2,215— total 5,666. Capitid: 
Plymouth. 

WASiriNGToN county, Ohio. Situate toward the S. E., 
and contains 612 i>{\. m. Muskingum r. passes centrally 
through it, by which ami its branchc:?, and by Litlle Mu.sk- 
ingumr.,and Duck, Wolf, Bear, and Cat creeks, it is drained. 
Surface in general is hilly and broken, there are. however, 
some tracts of levid land along ilie Ohio and Muskingum 
rivers; soil fertile and adapted to grain. Staples wheat and 
Indian corn. Ajjple, i)ear, peach, and other fniit-trees 
produce well. It contains some salt-beds, and iron ore of a 
good quality is found. On Big and Little Muskingum rivers 
bituininons coal abounds. Farmsl,776; manuf. 108; dwell. 
4,906, and pop. — wh. 29,149, fr. col. 991- total 29,540. 
Capital: MarietU'i. Puhlic TIlwA-s; Ciucimiati and Marietta 
R. R. ; Cincinnati and Belpr6 R. R., etc 

Washington county, Oregon Ter. Extends from the E. 
boundary of Clatsop co. to the Columbia and Willamette 
rivers, which nuike its N. E. and E. borders, and into these 
its rivers and crcL-ks empty. Area about 5,000 sq. m. Il is 
one of the most important counties of the Territory, both in 
regard to situation and resources; and being possessed of 
ample navigation ami water-power, is destined to a high 
rank in wealth ami jinwi>erUy. St. Helen's, (m the Columbia, 
and Portland, and Linn City on the Willanielle, are already 
flourishing towns. Farms 116; manuf. 5; itwi-II. 418, and 
pop.— wh. 2.Cm, fr. col. 8— t-.tal 2.651. Cajdtal: llillsboro'. 

Wasuingtom county, Penn. Situate S. W., and contains 
795 sq. m. Drained by branches of Monongaln-la r., which 
forms its eastern boundary, and by Butfato. liaccoon, and 
Cros,s creeks. Surface somewhat elevated, and m parta 
much broken; soil generally fertile, and proiluces abund- 
antly wheat, grain, and poIat<M'a. A large quantity of live- 
stock is raised and exported. Coal of biluminniis nature is 
found abuudanliy, and extensively mined. Farms 3.572; 

903 



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maimf. 04T ; dwt-ll. S,04o, and pop.— wh. 4:3,3^1), Ir. col. 1,55P— 
U>lal 44.;>3It. Ct'pital: ■Washingi.m. I'lihlic Works: Pitts- 
burg aud Sleubtiuville K. R. i Uempfield It. K. 

Wasulsgton county, Ji. I, Situate S.. and contains 367 
sq. m. Drained by Pawcatuck r., and Cbarlea and Wood 
rivers, its thief branches, both of which supj.Iy good water 
privileges. Surface uneven; soil a strong gravelly loani, 
with clay intermixed, and is well suited for pasture. It ha-s 
many fine harbors, and has great commercial advantages. 
Chief products, wheat, Indian corn, and potatoes. Farms 
1,303; manut. 95; dwell. 2,S91, and pop.— wh. 15.911, fr. 
col. 519— total 16,430. Cupital: Kingston. PiihUc Works: 
Providence and Slonington R. R. 

Washinuton county, Tenn. Situate E., and contains 
512 sq. m. Drained by Xolichucky r. and its affluents, and 
branches of Watauga r., a tributary of Hotston river. Surface 
hilly, and in parts somewhat mountainous and broken. Soil 
fertile, and produces good crops of wlieat and grain. Pork 
is exported in large quantities. It has some important 
manufactures. A portion of the county is well timt>ere<l. 
Farms 922; manuf. 120; dwell. 2,155, and pop.— wh. 12,672, 
fr. col. 259. si. 930— total 13,821. Capital: Jonesboro\ 

Washington county, Tkr. Situate E. centrally, and con- 
tains 937 sq. m. Drained by Yegua, Jackson, New Year's, 
and Caney creeks, by which good water-power is supplied. 
Surface undulating, and is mostly prairie land with occa- 
sional groves of timber; soil fertile, particularly on the 
streams, where it consists of a deep black loam. Staples, 
cotton, com. and potatoes. The soil of the prairies is 
generally rich, and makes excellent pasturage. Farms 306 ; 
manuf. ; dwell. 6f)0, and pop.— wh. 3,166, fr. coL 0, si. 2,817— 
total 5,9S8. CapiUd: Brenhara. 

Washington county. Verm. Situate in the centre, toward 
the N. part of the State, and contains 550 sq. m. Drained 
by Onion r. and its chief branches, which afford good water- 
power to the CO. Surface hilly; soil in general fertile, and 
there is some fine land along the streams. There are some 
fine quarries of granite and slate found here. Chief produc- 
tions, wheat, Indian com, and potatoes. It has some im- 
portant manufactures. Farms 2,104; manuf. 77; dwell. 
4,442, and pop.— wh. 24,641 , fr. col. 13— total 24,654. Capital : 
Montpelier. Puhlic Works: Vermont Central K. R. 

Washington county, Virg. Situate S. W.. and contains 
547 sq. m. Drained by New r., and branches of Great 
Kanawha and Clinch rivers. Surface diversified, mostly 
valleys between mountain ridges ; soil various, in the 
valleys being fertile, and on the uplands adapted to grazing. 
The Blue Ridge furms its N. W. boundary. Chief pro.inc- 
lions, wheal and Indian corn, with pork, potatoes, etc. 
Farms 1.14S ; manuf. 112 ; dwell. 2,187, and pop.— wh. 13.372, 
fr. cr)l. 109, si. 2,131— total 14.612. Capital: Abingdon. 
Public Works: Virginia and Tennessee H. R. 

Washington county, Utali Ter. Extends along the S. 
line of the Territory, from the Rocky mountains to the 
California line, and is 35 miles wide. Drained by Colorado 
river and its tributaries. Formerly a part of Iron county. 

Washington county, Wise. Situate E. toward the S., 
and contains 663 sq. m. Drained by Milwaukie and Meno- 
monee rivers. Surface undulating; soil fertile. It is well 
timbered. Farms 1,353; manuf. 22; dwell. 3,770, and 
pop.— wh. 19,4S4, fr. col. 0.— total 19,4S4. Capital: Port 
Washington. 

Washington, p. city, district of CohimMa: and cap. 
of the United States, beautifully and conveniently situate 
on the N. bank of Potomac r., between Rock creek and Hk- 
Anacosti or Eastern Branch. Lat. 33^ 55' 4S" north, and 
long. 110 1' 30" west from Greenwich. It is the first meri- 
dian of American geographers. 

The site has a gently undulating surface. The city extends 
N. W. and S. E. about 4i m.. and E. to S. abc.ut 2i m. The 
public buildings occupy the most elevated situations. The 
streets run N. and S. and E. and W., crossing each other at 
right angles, with the exception of 15, which point to the 
9ti4 



States, of which they severally bear the names. Tho 
Capitol commands the streets called Maryland, Delaware, 
and Pennsylvania avenues; the President's Iluuse, Penn- 
sylvania, Vermont, New York, and Connecticut avenues, 
and all these different intersections form 1,170 squares, 
Pennsylvania avenue, which stretches in a direct line from 
Georgetown to the Eastern Branch, passing the President's 
House to tht! Capitol, is 4 m. in length, and 160 feet wide 
between those edifices, and beyond them 130 feel. The 
streets, which are from 70 to 100 feet wide, will give a 
fine appearance to the city ; but as yet few are built upon. 
The whote area of the city is about 8,016 acres, and its 
periphery about 14 miles. 

Washington is nearly surrounded by a fine amphitheatre 
of hills of moderate elevation, covered with trees and 
shrubbery, and commanding from many points picturesque 
scenery, and extensive views of the " Ri\ er(»f Swans.^ which 
descending from the Alleghany mountains and winding 
its way for nearly 400 m. through a fertile and most attractive 
country, expands into Chesapeake bay. The envir.ins of 
the city abound in the most eligible sites for villas and 
country seals, and such will doubtlessly be multiplied, as 
the great advantages of the metropolis become more ex- 
tensively known. 

The first record in regard to the laying out of the city, is 
from the pen of Washington, dated lltli March, 1771, and 
in a letter dated 30lb April of the same year, he calls it the 
"Federal City." Its present name was adopted by the 
commissioners appointed to lay it oat. The original pro- 
prietors, in consideration of the benefits they expected to 
derive from the location of the seat of government, conveyed 
in trust to the commissioners, for the purpose of establish- 
ing the city, the whole of their respective lands which 
were included within the city limits, upon condition that 
after retaining for the public the ground of the streets, and 
any number of squares that the presi<lent might tliink 
proper for public improvements or other public uses, the 
lots should be equally diviiled between the public and the 
respective proprietfTS. By this means the public obtained 
possession of more than lO.OoO lots, from which, in addition 
to a donation of $192,000 from Maryland and Virginia, funds 
were to be raised to defray the expenses of the publie build- 
inss, etc. The cily was founded, and the coraer-stone of 
the Capitol laid with Masonic honors, on the ISlh Sept, 1793, 
and the city was first occupied as the seat of government 
in ISOO. 

The public buildings of Washington are the C.ipitol, the 
Exeeutive Mansion, tlie State Offices, Treasury Buildings, 
War Offices, Navy Offices, Offices of the Secretary of the 
Interior, Post-office. Office of the Attorney-general, Nation- 
al Observatory, the Arsenal, Navy Yard. Smithsonian Insti- 
tute, National Medical College, Columbian College, Coaet 
Survey Office, City Hull, National Institute, numerous 
churches, the liotels, and many others devoted to a variety 
of useftil, literary, and benevolent purposes. 

The Capitol is situate on an area of 30 acres, inclosed by 
an iron railing. The building stands on the western por 
tion of this plat, and is so elevated as to command a viei 
of the entire city, including Georgetown lleighis. the wind- 
ings of the Potomac, and the city of Alexan<iria. It was 
commenced in 1793. During the embargo the works were 
suspended, and as the British subsequently demolished 
much of what had been accomplished, the government in 
1S15 found it necessary to reconstruct the whole edifice. 
The exterior exhibits a rusticated basement of the height of 
the first story, the two other stories are comprised in a Co- 
rinthian elevation of pilasters and columns ; these columns, 
which are 30 feet in height, form an advancing portico on 
the east, 160 feet in extent, the centre of which is crowned 
with a pediment of SO feet span; while a receding loggia, 
100 feet in-extent, distitigui.shes the centre of the west front. 
The building is surrounded by a balustrade of slone. and 
covered with a lofty dome in the centre, and a fiat dome on 



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each wine:. The riimc-iisinna of the bail. ling are; lenglh of 
front 352 feet 4 inches, depth of wings 121 feet 6 inches, and 
the heigtit tn the tnp of centre dome 145 feet. The cost up 
to 1S2S, when it may be s.iid to have been completed, was 
nearly $1,800,000. During the session of Congress 1S50-51, 
appropriations were made fur the furtlier enlargement of 
the Capitol by the addition of two new wings of 233 by 140 
feel each witig; and when these are completed, the whole 
Capitol, inchi'ling the space between the wings and the 
main building, will cover an area of four and one-third 
acres. The ctrner stone of the extension was laid by Pres- 
ident Fillninre. on the 41h of July, 1S51, with Masonic cere- 
monies, on which occasion the Hon. Daniel Webster deliv- 
ered a brilliant oration. 

The Senate Chamber is in the second storj' of the north 
wing, of a semicircular form, 75 feet long and 45 high ; a 
Bcreen of Ionic ctJnnuis, with capitals, support a galterj' to 
the east, forming a loggia below ; and a gallery of imn pil- 
lars and railings of a light structure projects fVom the circu- 
lar walla, and the dome ceilings are enriched with square 
caissons of stucco. The walls are partially covered with 
drapery, and columns of hrtcciti. or Potomac marble, sup- 
port the eastern gallery. The only painting which adorns 
the Senate Chamber is a portrait of Washington. 

The Hall of Kepreseiitalivcs is also of a semicircular form, 
and of course much larger than the Senate Chamber. It is 
in the second story of the south wing, 96 feet long and 00 
feet high. It is surrounded with 24 columns of the variega- 
ted Potomac marble, with capitals of white Italian marble 
of the Corinthian order, ami surmounting a base of free- 
stone, and the dome of the hall is painted in imitation of 
that of the Pantheon of Itomc. From the centre of (he 
dome hangs a massive gilt chandelier, and high over the 
speaker's chair, which is elevated and canopied, is placed 
the model of a col'ssal figure of IJbet'ty, supported by an 
eagle just rea-ly to fly, the work of Italian artists named 
Causici and Valaperti. In front of the chair, and immedi- 
ately over the main entrance, stands a statue in marble rep- 
resenting History recording the events of the nation. She 
is placed on a w iiigeii car, rolling around a globe, on which 
are delineated the signs of the Zodiac, and the wheel of the 
car is the faco of the clock of the hall ; and Ihis is also the 
■work of a foreign artist named Franzoni. Two full-length 
portraits — one of "Washington and one of Lafayette — adorn 
tlie walls on either side of the chair, and in every direction 
are displayed ample folds of crimson drapery. The galle- 
ries of this hall arc so extensive as nearly to encircle it, and 
Uie general arrangement of the room is such as to render 
the members and the audience as comfortable as possible. 

The PkOtundo occupies the centre, and is 96 feet in diam- 
eter and the stmc number of feet high. The dome is hem- 
ispherical and filled with large phdn caissons; the room in 
its circuit is divided into eight panels, intended for paint- 
ings, seven of which are already filled ; and stationed be- 
tween these panels are four bas-relievos of historical sub- 
jects, one representing the Preservation of Capt. Smith tnj 
Pocahontas^ one the Landing of the Pilgrims on phj- 
fnojith JiovJc^ one the Conjlicts bfitwflen Daniel Boone and 
the InfJiatm, and the other /*e;(7t's Treat.}/ with the Indiana. 
In addition to these, specimens of sculpture are also dis- 
played, encinled with floral wreaths, the heads of Columhufi, 
RiiMgh, l.n Sallfi, ami Cahot—nW these pn-duclions of the 
chisel being from the hands of Causifi and (JupeUano. In 
niches "in theoutsidtiof thecast door are also two statues of 
colossal size representing /Vdce and UWr, from the chisel of 
Persico. Of the paintings, four are by Col. John Tnimhnlly 
one by ITW/-, one by Vand^rh/n, and one by Chapman 
—the onler for the remaining vacincy not having yet been 
fillo-l. The subjecta of Trumbull's pictures are. the Dfcla- 
raWm of Ind<>pimdent:e^ the Surrender of General lUir- 
ffoyne,\hv: San^ender of the Uriti^th Army, comma yided 
by Lord- ComivaUis, at YorHamn, in Virginia, and the 
lie^igviition of (ieiieral Wa^-ihington at AnnapoUf!. The 



subj''els of the remaining pictures are the Embarkation of 
the Pilgrims from Leyden, by Weir; the Landintj of Co* 
lianbiis, by Vanderlyn ; and the Baptism rf Pocahoyittis, 
by Chapman. As these illustrate scenes connected with 
the very earliest history of our country, none but the read- 
ing figures are to considered in the aspect of authentic 
portraits. 

The Cnngrcasiona! Library is unquestionably one of the 
chief attractions of the Capitol. The priiieipal room, of 
which there are three, faces the W., and is a large and l^irtd- 
some affair, 92 feet l*.ng. 34 wide, and 86 high; divided 
into twelve alcoves, ornamented with fluted pilasters, and 
in every direction are displayed pitrtrails anil bu^is, cases 
of medals, and olher works of art. The number of vohiiues 
which it contains is about 50,000. The original library, 
which was collected under the direetion of Mr. Gallatin 
and Mr. Mitchell, in ISOO, was deatmyed by fire during the 
last war. and that which now enriches the Capitol, was 
found'-d upon one which was purchased by Congress, in 
1S14, of Thomas Jefferson, for $-23,iioo. The yearly average 
incrcnse is about l.SOO volumes. The sum of $5.0i)0 is an- 
nually appropriated by Congress for miscellaneous books, 
and $1,000 for law books. In 1S51 tlie library lost many 
valuable works from an accidental tire. 

The apartment for the accomra-xlalion of the Supremo 
Court is an ill-arranged, inconvenient, antl badly lighted 
room, in the basement under the Senate Chamber. It is 
semicircular in shape, with manifold arches; and on the 
wrdl is an emblem of Jusiice. holding her scales, in bold 
relief, and also a figure of Fame crowneil with the rising 
sun. and pointing to the Constitution of the United Slutes. 
The members <»f the bar areacconunodated with seats and 
desk.s in the body of the room ; and the justices oecupy a 
row of elevated seats, and appear in their official caj):icity 
ciothed in black silk gowns or roliea. 

In addition to the apartments of the Capitol alrcarly spe- 
cified, it should be mentioned, that there is also a large 
numtier of ordinary, but well-fiirnislu'd rooms, which are 
occupie<] by the Vice-President, the Speaker of the House, 
and other ofticers. by the Postmasters of Congress, the Pub- 
lic Docuujenl.s. and the committees of the two houses. 

The ('apilol grijunds are not only extensivt?. but are kept 
in the very neatest order, constituting one of the pleas:uite.st 
and most |Kipular resorts for promenading to l»e found in 
the mriropolis. They oomnumd most ehartning prospceis 
of the surrounding connlry, are adorned with a grear variety 
of American tre.fl| fountains and b;isiti9 of pure water en- 
liven them in various parts, and an air of superior refine- 
ment is given to them by a number of pieces of .statuary, 
the most attr.'u'tive specimens being a statue of Washington, 
by Cireenongh, and a pair, of Columbus and an Indian 
Woman, by Persico, the foruu^r occupying the centre of a 
.square east of lh<; Capitol, and the two others appropriate 
places on the easU'rn portico. 

Near the western enlnince of the Cupitol stands a monu- 
ment erected by the otTicers of tlu? navy to ih*- memory of 
their broiher ofhcer^ uho fell in the war with Tripoli, It is 
of marble, ris. s out of n pool or basin of water, aiul is 40 
feet high. On one side of the base is a view of Tripoli and 
the American fleet, on another the words. "To Ihi* memory 
of Somers. Caldwell, lleeatur, Wordsworth, H irs.-y, Is- 
rael," and on another side, a brief I'Ut coinprrhensive his- 
tory. At the ba-se f>f ilii- column are four m:irble emblem- 
atic figures— Mercury, Fame, History, and America; the 
colunui has also appropriate embellishments, and is sur- 
mounted by an eagle. 

The Kxecutive Mansion is situated at the west end of the 
city, at the intersection of Pennsylvania. New York. Con- 
necticut, and Vermont avenues. It occupies the centre of 
a jdot of 20 acres, and has an elevation of 44 feet abfive the 
waters of the Potomac, The groumls are partially laid out 
in ganlen!*. etc., but are still in an unfinished stale. The 
mansion is 170 feet front and S6 feel deep, bui't of white 

9e5 



WAS 



WAS 



frefstone, with Ionic jjilasters, cnmprehontling Iwo lofly 
Btorji/s of rooms, crowned with a slone baluslrade. The 
north front is ornLimented with a lofty portico of four Ionic 
columns in front, and projecting with three columns. The 
outer inter-columniation is for carriages to drive under and 
place company under shelter ; the middle space is for those 
visitors who come on foot-the steps f>om both leading to a 
broad platform in front of the door of entrance. The gar- 
den front is varied by having a rusticated basement story 
under the Ionic ordonnance, and by a semi-circular pro- 
jecting colonnade of sii columns, with two fliahts of steps 
leading from the ground to the level of the principal story 
Ihe interior arrangements of the Executive Mansion are 
of course, elegant and convenient, well adapted to the va- 
rious purposes to which the building was designed. 

In the centre of the small square immediately in front of 
the President's House, stands a bronze statue of Thomas 
Jetferson, executed by whom we know not, but presented 
to the government by Capt. Levy of the United States Navy 
the present proprietor of Monticello, the former abode of 
Mr. Jefferson. It is a handsome piece of statuary, and in 
lis present position has quite a commanding appearance 
Directly across Pennsylvania Avenue from tlie above-men- 
tioned square, is Laftiyette Square, which has recently been 
laid out in fashionable style, and planted with new shrub- 
bery. Mills' equestrian statue of General Jackson, which 
occupies Its centre, is a work of superior merit. It is in 
bronze, and cast from certain cannon captured by General 
Jackson in some of his military engagements. 

The State Department, which stands north-east of the 
President's House and within the same inclosure, is a plain 
brick building, two stories high, 160 feet long and 55 wide 
with a broa,l passage on both floors, and containing in all 
■12 rooms. It contains a handsome library of books, maps, 
and charts, numbering perhaps some 15,tlOO distinct works 
which are indispensable in the performance of the exten- 
sive and varied duties of the department. In addition to 
this collection, the Copyright Bureau contains some 10 or 
12,"0II volumes published in this country, which are kept 
with care as part and parcel of the archives of the govern- 
ment. It IS the department through which alone the diplo- 
matic corps and all foreigners can hold any intercourse 
with the government of the United Slates, ami is of course 
Uie head-quarters of all the American ministers and consuls. 
The Treasury Department stands at the eastern extrem- 
ity of the President's Square, so called, and is a slone edifice 
painted while, 340 feet long, and 170 wide, but when llie 
n.irthern and southern wings are added, it will be 457 feel 
in hnglh. In front is an imposing colonnade, stretching 
th.- entire length of the buil.ling. it has three floors upon 
which business is transacted, on each of which are nearly 
fifty apartments. This is the department where all the 
financial and commercial afl'iiirs of the country are attended 
to. ^ A good legal library is attached to this department. 

The War Department building occupies the north-west 
cornerof the President's Square, and is precisely similar in 
design to tlie Slate Department. It is the head-quarters of 
all the olBoers of the army, and the mainspring of all the 
military movements. This department comprises llie War 
OfHce proper, the Quartermaster's Department, the Kn- 
giiieer's Department. Bnn-au of Topographical Engineers. 
t.Ird nance Office, Subsistence Department, Pay Depart- 
ment, Medical Department, Oflire of Adjutant-general, and 
the hend-qiinrters of the Major-general or nuliiary Com- 
mandiT-in-chief of the Army. The War Department is 
furnished with a valuable library of some 10,(i00 volumes. 

The Navy Department building lies directly w.-st of the 
President's House, and in the rear of the War Department- 
It has five bureaus, exclusive of the Secretarv's ofHce, viz. : 
Bureau of the Navy Yards and Docks, Bureau of Construe- 
Uon, Equipment, and Itepair; Bureau of Provisions and 
Clolhiiig. Bureau of Ordnance and Ilydrograjihy, and 
Bureau of Medicine and Surgery. 
906 



I The Department of the Interior, or Home Department i> 
the most extensive connected with the government Tha 
building which it is destined to occupy is yet unfinished but 
when completed, it will be (ho most extensive and most in- 
teresting in the metropolis. A portion of it is already occu- 
pied by one of the bureaus of ihe department (the Patent 
OIBce), and also by the museum of the National Institute 
The litles of the bureaus connected with the Interior De- 
partment are as follows : Land ODIce, Patent Oflice, Indian 
OfHce, and Pension Office. As its name indicates, this de- 
partment has to do exclusively with all those matters bear- 
ing upon the internal economy of the United States and is, 
of course, increasing in importance with every succe-aivo 
year. A library of some 6,000 volumes is attached to this 
department. In the second story of the building now occu- 
pied by the Patent Office, are the invaluable relics of Wash- 
ington, including his camp chest, the Original Declaration 
of Independence, the gifls presented from time to time to 
the government by foreign powers, Franklin's printing 
press, a collection of Indian portraits by King, the treasures 
of the National Institute, interesting memorials of the lato 
James Smithson, and the extensive and rare treasures se 
cured by the U. S. Exploring Expedition, under Captain 
Wilkes, in almost every department of national history and 
human ingenuity. Every thing here is open to the inspec- 
tion of the public. In the first story of the same building 
are collected all the models of the machines which have 
been patented since the foundation of the government. 

The Posl-offlce Department is of white marble, and'aller 
the Corinthian order. It is 3 stories high, and 204 feel long, 
and 102 deep ; it contains 27 rooms on each floor, making 
81 in all. It occupies a cenlral position in the city, near the 
Department of the Interior, both of which are allout half a 
mile from the President's Square and the other dejiart- 
ments. 

With regard to Ihe Office of the Attorney-general, which 
we have classed with the Executive branches'of the govern- 
ment, we have only to say that it derives its chief attraction 
from the person who may occupy it, who must be, of neces- 
sity, a man of distinguished ability. Rooms are assigned to 
him in the Treasury building, and it is to him that all knot- 
ty questions, in all the departments, are submitted tor flnal 
settlement. 

The National Observatory is situated on the banks of the 
Potomac, in an oblique direction from the President's 
House, toward Georgetown. The site is a beautiful one, 
having a commanding view of Washington and George- 
town, of the Potomac river, and surrounding country .as 
far down as Fort Washington, opposite to Mount Vernon. 
II is a naval institution, under the control and manao-fment 
of Lieutenant M. F. Maury, U. 8. N. The force em'^iloyed 
at It consists principally of naval officers. Besides llie as- 
tronomical duties of the establishment, here are kept all the 
nautical books, charts, and instruments belonging to the 
navy. The apartment in which the chronometc^rs are kept 
is a very interesting one. Before one of these instrumeiilS is 
purchased by goveriiment.it is required to be put on trial by 
the Superintendent of the Observatory for one vcar; during 
which period it is compared daily with the great astronomi- 
cal clock of the Observatory, which regulates the time for 
the wliole city. The temperature of the' room in wliieli il is 
kept is also carefully observed, and recorded every day. 
The test is a severe one, and in case the instrument i'ails to 
come up to it, it is returned to the maker at the end of 
the year. The observations on Ihe temperature in connec- 
tion with the performance of the chronometer, enalilc the 
maker to improve the instrument, and on a second trial of 
another year it rarely faUs to pass. There are from 60 to 
100 chronometers always in this room, all of which are 
daily wound, and compared and treated in the manner de- 
scribed. Thus a complete and minute history is k,|,t of 
each (me. Here also are conducted the celebrated re- 
searches connected Willi the " wind and current charla," 



WAS 



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the habits of the whale, and a variety of phenomena con- 
nected with the great deep. The Nulinrial observatory of 
Washington occupies a high rank among tlie observatories 
of the world, there being but two— those of Rusaia and 
Greenwich — superior to it. Thu largest tele.'icope. called 
the equatorial, is a 14 feet refractor, with an object-glass of 
9 inches. It is mounted in the revolving (iome on the top 
of the main buil'iing; and is so arrangeii with clock-work 
and machinery, that being directed to a star in the morning, 
it may hv left alone, when on returning lo it in the evening. 
11 will have followed the path of the star so exactly; that it 
will be found still pointing to the star, and the star will be 
visibh^ through it. With its powers the stars are visible at 
niid-ilay. In one room below are the meridian and mural 
circles; in another, the transit instrument; in another, the 
prime vertical instrument : and in anrdher yet, the great 
refraction circle, invented by tlie superintendent: it is made 
by Ertel & Son, Munich, and taken altogether is, perhaps, 
one (tf the finest instruments anywhere to be found. But 
perhaps the most wonderful object at this interesting estab- 
lishment is the electro-chronograph, invented by Dr. Locke, 
of Cincinnati. It is in the room with the transit instrument, 
and is 50 arranged, by its connection with an electrical bat- 
tery in the building, that its ticks may be heard in any part 
of the country to which the magnetic wires lead, provided 
tht-y be put in connection with it. Thus it may be made of 
itself to record the time, and in such a manner, that tlie as- 
tronomer in Boston, New Orleans, or elsewhere, will know 
it. au'l t<'ll the lime of day by his clock, as well as one who 
stands before it mid reads the hands on ils face. The Ob- 
servatory regulates the time for Washington and George- 
town by the falling of a ball. At ten minutes before mean 
noon everj' day. a large black ball is hoisted to a flag staff, 
standing on the top of the dome. This is to give warning 
for those who wish to get the ej'art time of the day to took 
out. Precisely at twelve the ball drops. The whole city is 
infi)rmed of the exact lime. 

The Arsenal occupies a fine position on the extreme 
souih. rn point of the city (ealled GreenleaPs Point), at the 
junction of the eastern branch with the Potomac, com- 
manding a beautiful and extensive view, over a broad ex- 
panse of water, toward the cities of Washington and 
Georgetown on the N., and Alexandria on the 9. The 
channels of both rivers ninning near the Arsenal shore, 
atford all requisite facilities for receiving and shipping ord- 
nance and other military stores. Although this site was 
originally reserved f<)r the purpose of an arsenal, it was not 
occupied by any building of importance until after the 
peace of 1S!4. when the building of the present establish- 
njent was eummenced uniler the direclitm of the late Col. 
George Bomford. From the small square embraced in the 
first plan, the buildings have been gradu.-illy extended until 
tJuy occupy nearly the whole reservation, and form one of 
the principal arsenals of construction in the Uidted States. 
TIh' workshops contain much useful and ingenious machin- 
^-ry, propelled by steam, for manufacturing gun-carrJagi-s 
and equipments for artillery, and lor preparing ammunition 
of all kinds. Among these may be noticeiJ particularly the 
iiiftchines for planing and boring iron and wood, those for 
tenoning and morticing the spokes ami hubs of wheels; 
lilanchard's ingenious lathe for turning irregular forms iti 
wooil. such as spokes, axe-handles, etc. ; the machinery for 
makinir leaden bullels by pressing them out of the bar-lead 
instead of casting Ihera ; and, above ail, the beautiful ma- 
cliitie for making and charging percussion caps for small 
arms, invented by Mr. George Wright, a workman at the 
Arsenal. By this last-mentioned machine, a sheet of cop- 
piT beiuiT inserted on one side, and some percussion pow- 
der put in a hopper on the other, the finisherl caps are pro- 
duced without any further agency of the workman. In the 
spacious slorehouses of the Arsenal are to be seen arms and 
equi|uiienls for the troops ; also a large number of gun-car- 
riages, and other apparatus for the service of the artillery in 



the forts and in the field, from the ponderous ColumWad for 
the defense of the coast, to the little mountain howitzer, 
which may be transported, with its miniature smith's forge, 
on the back of a mule. The model office contains a collec- 
tion of models or patterns of the various arms and military 
equipments used in our service, and also of such of those 
used in the armies of other nations as have been obtained 
by Ihe ordnance department. Here may also be seen some 
specimens of old and new inventions, repeating arms, re- 
volvers, etc., which have been suggested at home or abroad 
by the organ of destructiveness. In the ffitn lot are ar- 
ranged many pieces of ordnance and pilesof balls, mosilyof 
heavy odibre for the armament of the forts. In front of the 
old Arsenal Square a small collection of foreign brass can- 
non will attract the notice of the visitor, who will perceive 
by the inscriptions that some of them are trophies of the 
success of our arms at Saratoga, Yorktown, Niagara, anrj 
Vera Cruz. The guns and cannons of Duncan's field-bat- 
tery, which perf'irmed distinguished services on nearly 
every field of battle in the Mexican War, are likewise pre- 
served at the Arsenal as a saluting battery. On Ihe W. side 
of the Arsenal grounds, near the river, are 2 pyramidal 
structures, which often attract the curiosity of visitors, and 
of persons passing by the Arsenal. These buihlings con- 
tain an apparatus called a Ballistic Pendulum, which is 
used for testing the force of gimpowder when fired in heavy 
ordnance, and also for trying many other interesting experi- 
ments in gunnery. 

The Navy Yard is situated on the " Anacostia," a branch 
of the Potomac r., at the southern termination of Eighth 
Street, east. It was established in the year isilil. The area 
covers about 20 acres, and is Inclosed by a substantial brick 
wall, having a principal entrance at Ihe HtiU of Eighth 
Street, through a handsome arched gateway. Several com- 
fortable residences have been erected for the accommoda- 
tion of the commodore, the executive officers, the first lieu- 
tenant, snrgeon, sailing-master, boatswain, and gunner, 
whose official duties require their constant attendance in 
the yard. The mechanical operations of this establishment 
are various and extensive, and the skill of the workmen and 
the excellence of the materials employed have been sjitis- 
factorily tested in every sea. Anchors of all sizes, for the 
naval service, are manufactured by the use of two heavy 
steam hammers (termed the "Nasmyth Hammer"), one of 
which weighs 3,600 pounds, the other 2,240 pounds. The 
forces for this work nre kept in blast by a fan-blower at- 
tached to the steam-engine in the machinist's department. 
There is also in operation, in the anchor department, a direct 
acli'm steam-hammer (called the "Kirk Hammer"), in con- 
nection with a blast-furnace for working up into looms and 
bars all the scrap iron of the navy. The massive chain- 
cables are made in another shop, which is provided with a 
powerful hydrostatic press for testing their sirengih. These 
cables are highly esteemed for their superior finish, great 
strength, and durability. Another department is engaged 
in Ihe inainifactvire of galleys, cabooses, and copper powder- 
lanks, and of the various kinds of brass work api)erlaining 
tc) ships of war. The different machines employed in mak- 
ing these articles nre driven by a steam-engine of about 1ft 
horse-power. A brass foun-lry is connected with this range 
of buildings on the eastern side of the yard. A large and 
extensive iron foumlry has recently been erected of .'■uffi- 
cient capacity and with the necessary facilities for molding 
and casting the heaviest work. Connected with this foun- 
dry are the niachiTU'S for borlnEr. turning, and planing the 
steam cylinders and other massive maeliinery n^quired for 
the naval service. Adjoining the iron foundry are the ord- 
nance and boiler-making departments, which are provided 
wiih ft steam-engin*! of about 12 horse-power. The ord- 
nance department is engaged in Ihe fabrication of llehl 
bnisa ordnance, howitzers for boat and 'and service, of slK>t 
and shells, pereussion-cnps. musket and pistol balls, etc. 
Some of this machinery is very ingenious and highly inter- 

9t*T 



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WAS 



esting. The boiler shop contains all the machinery neces- 
sary for ilif construction of boilers. Close by this range of 
buildings is a very extensive maehine-shop, in which are 
placed all the tools required in the manufacture of steam- 
engines and machinery of every description. When com- 
pleted it will afford room for the employment of from 150 to 
200 workmen. Attached to this shop is an enfcine of 60 
horse-power, which also gives motion to the block-making 
machinery, and to the fan-blowers of the anchor-making 
department. On the western side of the yard is the pyro- 
technical laboratory, in which are prepared all the articles 
for Llie navy appropriate to this department. There are 
two large ship-houses for building ships, under one of 
which is about to be constructed a marine railway for 
hauling up steamers for repair. The grounds are beauti- 
fully laid out, the avenues shaded wiih fine trees, the plats 
neatly inclosed, and the whole preserved in handsome 
order. 

The Smithsonian Institution was founded upon a bequest 
of more than half a million of dollars made to the United 
States liy an Englishman named James Sniithson. The 
object ol the bequest, accordiug to his will, was " to found 
at Washington, under the name of the Bmithsonian Instilu- 
liou, an establishment for the increase and diffusion of 
knowledge among men." On the Ist of July, 1S36, Con- 
gress solemnly accepted this important trust, and the money 
was paid into the Treasury of the United Slates in 1S.33. 
The Act of Congress establishing the Institution as it now 
exists, was passed in 1846. The Institution is situated oti 
the Mall, below the Capitol ; and though the edifice is yet 
in an unfinished state, it presents a noble appearance, and 
is unqut-slionably one of the great attractions of the metrop- 
olis. The style of the architecture is the Komanes(iue, the 
material a reddish freestone of fine grain ; its extreme length 
is 460 feet, its width 140 feet, and it has nine lowers, varying 
in height from 75 to 150 feet. The grounds which surround 
it are very extensive, and are now in progress of being 
beautified. The library room is capable of holding ll)O,(.iU0 
volaines. The building is supplied with a lecture-room, 
which will seat 1,200 persons; and its museum is 200 feet 
long; its rooms for chemical experiments are more spacious 
and convenient than any to be found in the country ; and in 
the western wing, which is 120 feet long, will hereafter be 
iucated a gallery of art 

The Wa-shinglon Monument stands on the Mall, between 
the rresideut's House and the Potomac, and embraces the 
idea of a grand circular coloiniaded building, 250 feet in di- 
amct*:r, lOo feet high, from which springs an obelisk shaft, 
70 feet in diameter at the base, and 500 feet high, making a 
t"ial elevation of GOO feet The vast rotundo, forming the 
grand base of the monument, is surrounded by 30 columns 
of massive j)roportions, 12 feet in diameter, and 45 feel high, 
elevated upon a base of20 feet in height aiidSOO feelsquare, 
surinouuled by an entablature 20 feet high, and crowned 
by a massive balustrade 15 feet in height The terrace out- 
side the colonnade is 25 feet wide, and the walk within the 
colonuadw 25 feet The front portico is adorned with a tri- 
umphal car and statue of the illustrious chief; and over 
each cojunni around the entire building are sculptured es- 
cuLchi-ons, coats of arms of each State of the Union, sur- 
rounded by bronze civic wreaths, banded together by fes- 
tottns of oak-leaves, while the centre of the portico is em- 
blazoned with the coat of armsof the United States. Around 
the Mtumlo are stationed statues of the Signers of the Dec- 
laration uf Independence: in niches prepared for the pur- 
p'lSf. statues itf the Fathers of the Kevolution. cotemporary 
Willi Wasliington ; and directly opposite to the entrance is 
[ilaced a siatue of Washington himself. The interior of the 
shall is enibi-lbsiied with a great variety of inscriptions ; at 
onepiiinl it is ornamented with four of the leading events 
of Wa»^hingt*>n'8 career, sculptured in basso relie^jo, above 
which is pluc4-d a single star, emblematic of the glory which 
the name of WaaJiiugton has attained : and in the centre of 
»0S 



the monument will be placed the tomb of the Father of his 
Country. 

'J he National Medical College, instituted in 182", is now 
in successful operation. It was, until a few years past, 
known as the Medical Department of the Columbian Col- 
lege, from which institution it derives its autlKirily to con- 
fer degrees, under an act of incorporation from the Con- 
gress of the United States. The requisites fur gradu.aling 
are, that the candidate shall have attended the lectures nf 
each professor two full courses, or one full couri^e in this 
school, and one lull course in some other respectable insti- 
tution. Ue must have a fair moral character, ami he shall 
have dissected during at least one session. He shall have 
entered his name with the dean of the faculty as a candi- 
date for graduation, and delivered to him an inaugural 
dissertation upon some medical subject, thirty days before 
the close of the session, and pass a satisfactory examina- 
tion. 

The Columbian College, which was iucorjiorated in 1521, 
is beautifully situated on an eminence, adjoining the City 
Corporation, on the north, and on Fourteenth Street, west- 
It is a fine brick edifice, four stories high, and overlooks the 
city, the Capitol, and other public buildings; and com- 
mands a fine view of the Potomac, with the surrounding 
country, for many miles in extent. In beauty ami healtli- 
fulness of position, it is unsurpassed ; and ita local advant^ 
ages are such as no other situation in the country can afford. 
The College has a good library, a valuable philusaplii._-al 
apparatus, and other means and facilities for jmrdutng a 
thrjrough and liberal course of studies. The last catalogue 
(1850) embraces a president, and twelve professors and 
teachers — including those of the National Medical College, 
which is under the same corporation — 100 students, and be- 
tween 200 and SOO alumni. 

The Coast Survey Office Buildings, occupied for the use 
of the United States Coast Survey, are siluuted on the west 
side of New Jersey Avenue, about a sixth of a mile from tlie 
Capitol. They consist of four old houses, in a block, pre- 
senting a decidedly rusty exterior, and in no way looking 
like public buildings. 

The National or Congressional Burial Grmmd, situated 
about one mile east of Ihe Capitol, embraces about ten acres, 
commands an extensive view of the country, and is well 
inclosed with a brick wall, laid out with taste, and beautified 
with trees and shrubbery. It was located in lSi'7, and has 
since been in the keeping of an incorporated company. The 
monuments are manifold, and many of them beautiftil ; and 
in addition to several private vaults is one >pacious and 
well constructed, inclosed by a neat railing, built by the 
order and the expense of Congress, as a place of deposit for 
the dead whose remains it may be the purpose of friends 
subsequently to remove. 

The City Hall, the official home of the City Fathers, was 
commenced in 1S20, and finished iu 1850, it having remained 
a kind of ruin during most of the intervening time. It is a 
large and handsome edifice, and occupies a commanding 
position on Judiciary Square, is 200 feet in length, and after 
the stucco style of architecture. The Circuit and Criminal 
Courts hold their sessions in this hall ; also the members nf 
the City Councils. The mayor has his office here, and so 
also have a large number of the city attorneys. 

The Public Schools of Washington are quite numerous: 
of free public schools there are four, with quite a large 
retinue of primary schools, which are carried nn at aa 
annual expense of about $I2,M00. Select schools and aem- 
inaries for the education of both sexes also exist in diiTerent 
parts of the city, several of them of a high and established 
character. Public attention has been strongly directed to 
these institutions, and perhaps in no other city ar*- there to 
be found superior advantages of education, which are an- 
nually on the increa^. There are also several excellent 
boarding-schools in Washington,, and two or throe in 
Georgetown. 



WAS 



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The National InRlitute waa founded in lS4ii, and has fur 
Its object the promotion of science in all d(?f»ariment3. It 
holda its meetings and has its head-quarters at the Patent 
Office. It has a miBcellaneoua library of nearly 4.000 vols., 
pamphlets, maps and charts, with a few interesting man- 
uscripts, and in the cabinet are many medals and cuina. The 
library is always open to the inspection of iho public. 

The Metropolia is well supplied with churches, and con- 
sidering il3 extent is quite as well supplied with eloquent 
preachers as any city in the Union. Of Baptist churches 
.here are four— one on Tenth Street, cue on E., and two nn 
Virginia Avenue; thi_-ir congregations are all large, and their 
padt-ir* popular. Of Calholic churches there are four — St. 
Matttiew's, on U. street ; St. Peter's, on Second ; St. Patrick's, 
on F. ; and SL Mary's, on FiHh. Of Episcopal churches 
there are Ave, tIz. : Christ church, ou G Street; St. John's, 
on 11 ; Trinity, on Third ; Epiphany, ou G ; and Ascension, 
ou n. The Trinity church edifice is the handsomest, 
devoted to religion, in the city. In this church, as indeed 
in all other churches of the city, a certain number of pews 
are assigned to strangers. St. John's church stands directly 
in front of the President's House. There is also one Quaker 
meeting held in the city on I Street; and two Lutheran 
churchea, the English on II Street, and the German on G 
Street. Of Methodist churches there are seven in the city- 
one on 4th, one on 14th, one on 5th, one nn Massachusetts 
Avenue, one on Mar> land Avenue, one on 9th Street, and one 
on Virginia Avenue. Of Presbyterian churches there are 
six — one on F Street, one on 8th Street, one on 4^ Street, 
one on H, and two on 9th Street. There is also one Uni- 
tarian church in tho city, on D Street ; and of colured 
churches, there are some half dozen scattered about the city. 
Uotcla are quite numerous, but not suflBcieutly so, even 
now, to accommodate the public. With one or two unim- 
portant exceptions, they are all situated on Penn-^ylvauia 
Avenue. The names of the principal ones are the National 
Uottl, Brown's Ilotel, Willard's Hotel, Gadsby's Hotel, the 
Irving Hotel, the United Slates Hotel, the Potomac Hotel, 
and Tyler's Hotel. The finest hotel ediflce in Washington 
lA that recently erected by Mr. Brown, which is very large, 
and has a beautiful marble front. All these hotels are 
supplied with the best of a first-rate market, and with 
numerous and generally accommodating 8er\'ants. From 
I2ie doors of each, the stranger may at almost any moment 
step into a convenient and elegant omnibus, and go to 
almost any part of the city he may desire. Pop. in ISOO, 
3,210; in ISIO, 8,208; in lS'2ii, 13,2-17; in 1S30, 1S,S27 ; in 
1840, 23,3G4; and in 1550, 40,001. 

The general statistics of Washington will bo found under 
the caption of District of Columbia. 

Washington, p. v., and cap. Hempstead county, Ark.: 
101 m. S. W. Little Rock. It contains the county buildings, 
an United Stales land office, stores, etc. The " Wa.^hington 
Telegraph" (whig) is published weekly. Pop. 469. 

Wasuington, v., Yolo co., Calif. : on W. bank rif Sacra- 
mento river, 49 m. E. N. E. Vallejo. In 1852, it contained 
4 hotels, 2 stores, and 3 foundries. 

Washington, t. and p. v., Litchfield county, Conv. : 32 m. 
W. by S. Hartford. Surface elevated. Drained by Shepaug 
river, on which the v. is situate. It comains 3 churches and 
a factory of satinets. The t. also contains several mills, and 
quarries of limestone and marble. Pop. of t. l,8o2. 

Washington, p. v., and cap. Wilkes county, G'l. : 52 ro. 
N. E. by N. Milledgeville. It contains a brick c.nirt-houao 
and jail, 1 bank, an academy, 3 churches. Masonic hall, etc. 
Tho "Washington Gazette" is issued weekly. The con- 
struction of a branch R. K. from the Georgia E. R. to this 
place is contemplated. Pop. about 850. 

Wasdington. p. o., Tazewell co., lit. : on E. side of Hol- 
land's Grove, (i2 m. N. by E. Springfield. 

Washington, p. v.. and cap. DavicM co., Jnd. : 4 to. E. 
of W. t;)rk of Whiu^ r, «u m. S. W. by 8. Indianapolii. It 
•OQlaius g'iod cituntj buildings and 5 cburchcii. It was 



laid nut in 1S17. Tlie " Literary Journal" is here published. 
Pop. 2.578. • 

Wasuington, p. v.. and cap. Washington county, la. : E. 
side of Adams creek, 25 m. 9. by W. Iowa City. It is well 
situated on a fine prairie, contains the county buildings, etc., 
and is a thriving v. The Dubuque and Keokuk II. li. will 
pass through the place. Pop. 742. 

WASmNOTON. p. v., and cap. Mason county, Xy. ; 60 m. 
E. N. E. Frankfort. It contains the county buihiings, 4 
churches, an acatlemy, etc. The Lexington and Maysville 
R. R. passes through it. Pop. about 650. 

Wasuinqton. p. v., St. Landry par., L<7. : on E. b:ink of 
Vermillion r., 52^ m. W. by N. Baton linuge. It is at the 
head of steamboat navigation, contains aevera! stores, a 
Catholic church, etc. Pop. about 250. 

Washington, L and p. v., Lincoln county, Jf: : 2'2 milea 
E. 8. E. Augusta. Drained by bmiiches of Muscoiigns r., 
one of whioh rises in a large pond in the centre of the t. N. 
of the V. Pop. oft. 1.756. 

Washington, t. and p. v., Warren co., iV, Jer.: S7 ra. 
N. by W. Trenlon. Drained by the Musconetong r., which 
bounds it on tlie S. E,, and Pohatcong creek. Pupulatiou 
oft 1,567. 

Washington, t, p. v., and sta, Berkshire county, 3f<css. : 
104 miles W. Boston. Surftice very diyersifird; soil best 
adapted to grazing. The Wusfern li. R. passes through the 
v., 13 m. from Pittsfield,40m. from Springfield, 138 m. from 
BosU)n. Pop. of L 953. 

Washington, I. and p. o., Macomb co., 3fich. : 76 m. E. 
Lansing. This is one of the most fertile and best cultivated 
agrinuUural townships in the co. Drained by branches of 
Clinton r. In its N. E. corner is the thriving v. of Romeo. 
Pop. of 1. 1,541. 

Wasuin(;ton, p. o., Adams co., 3fiss. : 6 m. E. Natchez, 
S2 m. S. W. by W. Jackson. Lat. 310 36' N. ; long. 91° 20' 
W. It contains 2 academies, 2 churches, stores, etc. Pop 
about 400. 

Warhington, p. T., Franklin county, Mo. : on S. bank of 
Missouri r., 63 ni. E. Jefferson City. 

Washington, t. and p. v., Sullivan co., li. Uamp. : 27 m. 
W. by S. Concord. Drained by Ashutr*Iot and Contoorook 
rivers, which rise from large ponds, of which the town con- 
tains sixteen, abounding with fish, and hurrotinded by beau- 
tiful scenery. Surface hilly ; soil moist and deep. Pop. of 
t. 1,054. 

W^AsniNGTON, t and p. o., Duchi'ss co., K. Y. : 60 m. S. 
Albany. Surface rofhng ariil hilly. Drained by small 
creeks. Contains several cotton fa'^toriLS, tanneries, with 
flouring, grist, and saw mills. Pop. 2,Sm5. 

Washington, p. v., port of entry, and cap. Rcauf^irt co., 
Ji. Ctir.: on N. side of Tar r., at it* cnlraiice into Pamlico 
r., 91 m. E. by S. Raleigh. It contains the court-house, jail, 
3 churches, and 2 baidcs. cap. .?300,()00. The " North State 
Whig'' is issued weekly. Vessels drawing 9 fnft water can 
come to its wharves. The total tonnage of Washington dis- 
trict on June 30ih, 1850, was 5,703 tons, chiefly employed in 
the coasting trade. Pop. of v. about 1,300. 

Washington, p. v., and cap. Fayette co., 0?iio: 8t m. 
S. P. W. Columbus. It contnins tho county buildings, etc., 
and a branch of the State bank of Ohio, and is on the hne 
of the Cincinnati, Wilmington, and ZiinesvUlo R. R. The 
'* Fayette New Era" (whig) is here published. Pop. 569. 

Wasuington. t. and p. v., Guernsey county, Ohio: 79 m. 
E. by N. Columbus. Pop. of v. 757; pop, oft. including 
village 1,729. 

Washington, p. b., and cap. Washington county, Penn. . 
170 miles W. Hiirri^sburg. It contains the courl-hou.se tnd 
jail, a female aca»Iemy, and 5 chnri'hes. Wa.shington Col- 
lege, hero located, was chartered in ISOfi; in IS-'iO it had 8 
instructors, 187 students, 441 alumni, and 3,300 volumes in 
its libraries. The b. also contains a woolen factory, with 
various manufui'Uiring establishments, nnd 1 bjiiik, capital 
$120,000. Three newspapers are publishdl, "The Com- 

909 



WAS 



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monwealth" (whig), " W. Eeporter" (whig), and " W. Ex- 
aminer" (dem.) The nempfleld R. E. passes through this 
place. Pop. in 18-10, 2,062; in 1S50, 2,662. 

■Washington, p. v., and cap. Ehea co., Tetm. : on W. side 
Tennessee r., lOS m. E. S. E. Nashville. It contains the co. 
buildings, several stores, etc Pop. about 150. 

Washington, p. v., and one of the caps. Washington co., 
Tex.: on W. bank of Brazos river, opposite the mouth of 
Navasoto r., 94 ra. E. Austin City. The "Lone Star," semi- 
weekly, and "Texas Eanger," weekly, are publit^hed at 
tliis place. It is beautifully situated on high post-oak land ; 
and the surrounding country, being diversified by numenius 
hills, presents delightful scenery. It contains a courthouse 
and jail, stores, etc. 

Washington, t, and p. v.. Orange county, Verm. : 19 m. 
S. E. by 8. Montpelier. Soil fertile ; drained by several 
small creeks. The inhabitants are chiefly engaged in farm- 
ing, etc. The v. is neatly built. Pop. of L 1,.S4S. 

Washington, p. v., and cap. Rappahannock co., Virff.: 
ST m. N. N. W. Richmond. It contains the co. buildings, 
several stores, an academy, and church. Pop. about 400. 

Washington lake, Yolo county, Calif. : 52 m. N. N. E. 
Vallejo, 8 ni, long, and li m. wide. 

W.vsmNGTON College, p. o.. Washington county, T67m. : 
231 miles E. Nashville. Washington College, here located, 
was founded in 1795 ; in 1S50 it had 3 professors, 116 alumni, 
22 students, and 1,S00 volumes in its libraries. 

Washington Uollow, p. o., Ducheas co^Jf. Y.: 62 m. 
S. Albany. 

Washington Mills, p. o., Oneida county, I/'. T.: 80 m. 
W.N. W. Albany. 

Washingtonville, p. V. and sta., Baltimore co., Md. ; on 
Eiilliraore and Susquehanna R. R., 6 m. N. Baltimore. 

Washingtonville, v. and sta., Orange co., A'l V. : on 
Newburg Branch E. R., 12 m. Newburg, 7 m. Chester. 

Washingtonville, p. v., Columbiana co.,^Ohio : 128 m. 
N. !■:. by E. Columbus. 

Washingtonville, p. v., Montour co., Penru: 54 m. N. 
by E. Ilarrisburg. 

Washita county. Ark. Situate S., end contains 815 sq. 
m. Drained by Washita r. and its branches. Surface gen- 
erally even ; soil fertile, and adapted to cotton. Timber is 
l>iund in some quantity. Farms 697 ; manuf. 1 ; dwell. 
1.122. and pop.— wh. 6,235, fr. col. 0, si. 8,304r— total 9,591. 
Oipital: Camden. 

Washita parish, Za. Situate N.,.and contains 752 sq. m. 
Drained by Washita r. and its branches. Surface diversified ; 
much of the land is covered with pine timber, and a portion 
of it is rendered unfit for cultivation on account of its low situ- 
ation : soil, where fit for tillage, is productive. Staples, cotton 
and Indian corn. Farms 242 ; manuf. 4, dwell. 442, and pop. 
— wh. 2.293, fr. col. 7, st. 2,708— total 5,008. Capital : Monroe. 

WASutTA, p. 0., Grayson county, Tex.: 237 m. N. by E. 
Austin City. 

Washtenaw county, Mich. Situate S. E. of the South- 
ern Peninsula, and contains 720 sq. m. Drained by the 
lUiron, Saline. Macon, and Raisin rivers, and Mill, Honey, 
Mullet's and Paint creeks. Surface slightly undulating, and 
diversified with numerous lakes ; soil very productive, being 
a rich black loam with clay intermixed. There is some 
prairie land and some good timber in the co. Fine water- 
piiwiT is supplied by the branches of Huron and Raisin 
rivers. The principal productions are wheat, Indian corn, 
and potatoes. Agriculture ia the leading pursuit Farms 
2.543; m.inuf. 154; dwell. 5,142. and pop.— wh. 2S..'>43. fr. 
col. 224— tot.il 28,567. Cajj-iMl : Ann Arbor. Public 
Works: Michigan Central R. K. 

Wassaio. p. o. and sta., Dnchess co., N. y. : on the Har- 
lem E. R., 86 m. from New York, 69 m. from Albany. 

Wassawa lake. Wise. : in S. W. part of La Pointe co., 
7 m. long, and 4 m. wide, conntcting by short outlet with 
St. Croix river. 

Wasbonville, p. o., Washington co., Virg. 
910 



Watab, p. v., Benton co., Minn. Ter. : on E. bank of 
Mississippi r,, opposite the mouth of Watab r.. 72 m. N. W. 
St. Paul ; by the river 82 miles. It w.is laid out in 1S50 by 
Messrs. Oilman, Vincent, and Co. This was the highest 
point attained by the volunteers in the Wiuuebago cam 
paign of 1S50. 

Wataree river, S, Car.: rises in N. Car., but in that 
State is called the Catawba. In S. Car. it flows through the 
N. central portion of the State, in general course S. by E., 
and near the centre of the State it unites with Congaree r., 
forming Santee river. 

Watauga county, N. Ckir. Situate N. W., and contains 
54S sq. m. Drained by Stony fork of Yadkin r., and afflu- 
ents of New river. Surface mountainous, having the Blue 
Ridge passing through it; soil in the valleys and most of 
the level portions is fertile, and adapted to grain. It is well 
wooded. Farms 442 ; manuf. 1 ; dwell. 569, and pop.— wh. 
3,242, fr. col. 29, si. 129— ^ital 3.400. Capital: Boone. 

Watauga Bend, p. o., Washington co., Term. : 242 m. 
E. by N. Nashville. 
Watensaw, p. o., Monroe co., Arl:: 60 m. E. Little Rock. 
Watei'.boro*, t, and p. v., York co., Me. : 72 m. S. W. 
Augusta. Surface diversified ; drained by head branches 
of Mousum r., and by Little Ossipee r. The inhabitants are 
mainly engaged in farming, etc. The York and Cumber- 
land R. R. will pass through S. E. part of the town. Pop. 
of t. 1,989. 

Waterbobo' Centre, p. c, York co., Me. : 71 m. S. W. 
Augusta. 

Waterbhkg, p. 0., Tompkins co., 27. Y. : 148 m. W. by 8. 
Albany. 

Waterburv, t, p. b., and sta.. New Haven co.. Conn.: 
on both sides of Naugatuck r., 19 ra. N. N.W. New Haven, 
25 m. S.W. Hartford. The Naugatuck R. R. passes through 
the v. 32 m. from Bridgeport, 30 m. from Winsted. The L 
has generally a rough surface. The Naugatuck r. and its 
branches afli^rd great water-power, well improved by nu- 
merous factories. Of these, the principal are — that of the 
" American Pin Company," which (with another at Pough- 
keepsie, are tlie only ones of the kind in the Union) has 
a capital of $100,000, employing 150 operatives ; three fac- 
tories of gilt and plated buttons, silver ware. etc. ; India- 
rubber webbing factories; rolling mills of brass and copper, 
making articles of all sorts, and the woolen factories. The 
manufacturing interests of this place have for several years 
been steadily and rapidly increasing. During 1S51 and '52, 
21 manufacturing estiiblishmenis were organized with an 
aggregate capital of over $1,000,000. The capitalists thus 
interested, and the citi2ens generally, are among the most 
enterprising in the State. The b. is generally well built, 
with many elegant dwellings. It contains a bank, with a 
capital of $510,000, two first-class hotels, a good high-school, 
with fine building, and 6 churches, of which the Kpiacopal 
Society has a superior church edifice. The " Waterbury 
American" (fam.) is issued weekly. Pop. of t. in 1840, 8,608 ; 
in 1S50. 5,137. 

Watkrbi'rv. p. V. and sta., Washington co., Venn. : 12 m. 
N. W. Montpelier. Drained by Waterburv river and other 
branches of Onion r.. which bounds it on the S. W. The v. 
near Onion r. is neatly built, and contains 2 churclies. The 
Vermont Central R. R. passes through it 88 m. fnun Wind- 
sor, 69 m. from Rouse's Point. The "Industrial Excelsior" 
(advt-rtising) is issued weekly. Pop. of t 2,352. 

Waterkohd, t.. p. v., and sta.. New London co., Conn. : 
39 m. S. E. Hartford. Bntmded S. by Long Island Sound, 
and E. by Thames r. Surface uneven ; soil gravelly loam. 
Drained by rlordan and Niantic rivers, the latter flowing 
into Niantic bay. whiuh seta up from the sound ' miles — is 
navigable for sloops, and is quite a resort for fishermen. 
The village, situate centrally 5 m. W. New London, is neat- 
ly built. The sta. ia on the New Haven and New London 
E. R., 4 m. S. W. New London. Pop. of L 2,262. 
"WATEttFORD, t. and p. v., Oxford co., Me, : 49 ni-W. by S. 



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Angusta. The t. contains numerous large ponils. willi level 
eurface and fertile soil. Crooked river flowa Ibrough its N. 
and N. E. part. Pop. of t. 1,443. 

Watekford, p. o.. Racine CO., TTwc. ; on E. Bide Fox r., 
65 ni. K. S. K. Madison. 

Waterford. t. and p. o., Oakland counly, J/i'c7i. ; 60 m. 
E. by S. Lansing. It contains a larg*.^ number of ponds, 
which with their iribulariea and outlets water it abundant- 
ly; al8o2 larceflouring-mills. Pop. 1,0S5. 

WATEitFtdtD. p. v.. Marshall co., J/w.v'.; nn small branch 
ofTallahalchie r., 165 m. N. by K. Jai-kson. 

Watrkford. p. o., Pulton county, III. : on E. side Spoon 
river, 44 ni. N. W. by N. Springfield. 

Waterfobd, p. 0., Spencer county, Ky. : 29 m. S. W. 
Frank forL 

Watkufobd, t., p. v., and sta., Saratoga en.. JT. V. : 10 m. 
N. Albany. Bounded E. by Hudson r., aiul W- by Mohawk 
river, which unite at S. end of the t. Surface rolling; soil 
alluvial and sandy. The v. is on W. bank of Hu<l3on r., at 
thehea<i of sloop navigation. ThcChampIain Canal passes 
through it, and communicates with the Hudson by locks. 
The Rensselaer and Saratoga R. R. also passes through, 4 
miles from Troy, 2S m. from Saratoga. The trade carried 
on by these annually is very extensive. The manufactures 
of the V. are also of large amount and importance. Here 
are 5 churches, 2 academies, anti 1 bank, capital $50,000. 
The V. is connected with Lansingburg by a bridge across 
the Hudson. The "Sentinel" is here published. Pop, of v. 
about 1.800. Pop. of t. in 1840, 1.S24 ; in 1850. 2,683. 

WATERFonD. t. and p. v., Washington co., Ohio : on both 
sides of Muskingum r., 74 m. E. 8. E. Columbus. Surface 
rolling and broken ; soil fertile on the r. The village, on S. 
bank of the river, contains several mills, etc. Pop. of L iu 
1S40, 1,16G; iu 1S50. 1.693. 

Waterford, t and p. b., Erie county, Penn. : 195 m. 
N. W. by W. Ilarrisburg. The b. contains several stores, 
and 4I»s inhabitant-^. The Sunbury and Erie R. R. will pass 
tlirough il. Pop. of t. about 1..300. 

Waterford, sla., Providence co., I?. T. : nn Plackstnne 
river, and Providi-nce and Worcester R. R., IS m. from 
Providence, 25 m. from Worcester. 

Waterford, p. v., Gibson co., Tfinn.: on branch Obion 
river. 110 m. W. by S. Nashville. 

Waterford, t. and p. v.. Caledonia co., Vprjn. : S\ m. 
E. by N. Monljielier. Bounded S. by Connecticut r. The 
Connectirut and I'assumpsic Rivers R. R. passes through 
the W. corner nf the t.. Iiaving a station at Pa9sunip3ic,4 m. 
from St. Johnsbury, 57 m. from White River Junction. 
Pop. of 1. 1.412. 

Watf-rforo, p. v.. Loudon co,. Vh'ff. : on S. side of Kit- 
toctan or.. 116 m. N. Richmond. It contains 2 churches, 
several mills and stores. In the vicinity are cotton facto- 
ries. Pop. .about 5ti0. 

Waterford Centre, p. o., Oakland co., Mich.: 61 m. 
E. by S. Lansing. 

Waterford Works, p, o., Camden county, 2f, Jer. : 84 m. 
S. by W. Trenton. 

Watkrloo. p. v.. Lauderdale co., Ala.: on N. bank of 
Tennessee r.. 200 m. N. E. by N. Montgomery. 

Waterloo, p. v.. and cap. Monroe co., IU. : 114 m. S. by W. 
Springfield. Situated on elevated ground, containing the 
counly bulldiiigs. churches, etc. The "Waterloo Patriot" 
(whig) is issuer! weekly. 

Waterloo, t and p. v.. Fayette co., hid.: on E. side of 
Whitew.iter river, 52 m. E. by S. Indianapolis. Pop. of t. 
about l.ooo. 

Wathcloo, p. o., Pulaski county, Ky.: 68 m. S. S. E. 
Frankfort. 

Waterloo, sta.. Merrimac co., N. Ilamp. : on Merrimac 
and Connecticut Rivers R. R., 17 m. from Concord, S m. 
from Bra<lford. 

Waterloo, p. o.. Sussex co., K. Jer.: on N. side Musco- 
netecong r., 46 ra. N. Trenton. 1 



Waterloo, p. v., Point Coupee par., la. : near the outlet 
of Fausse r., on W. side of Mississippi r., 20 m. N.W. by N. 
Baton Rouge. Il is a very beautiful settlement, surrounded 
by fine plantations. Pop. about 150. 

Watkrloo, t. and p. <>., Jackson county, Mich.: 29 ra, 
S. E. I»y S. Lansing. Drained by Portage cr. of Gnmd r., 
flowing through several large ponds. It contains two large 
flouriug-mills. Pnp. 1,090. 

Waterloo, p. v., and cap. Clark co., Mo.: on N. side 
Fo.\ r., 131 m. N. by E. jL-fferson City. 

Waterloo, t., p. v.. sta., and one of the capitals of Seneca 
CO., A^. Y. : on N. side of Seneca outlet, \m ni. W. by N. 
Albany. The v. is an important manufacturing place, with 
considerable trade. It contains the county buildings, an 
aca<lemy, one bank, capital ^200,000, an<l 4 cliurelu-s. The 
'• Observer anrl Union" t^dcm.) is issued weekly. The Roch- 
ester and Sjracuse R. R. p.asses llimugh. 5S m. from Roch- 
ester, 46 ni. from Syracuse; also ,he Cayuga ami Seneca 
Canal. Poj). of v. about 2,300. Pop. of t, iu ISIO, 3,036; 
in 1S50..%T95. 

Watkrloo, p. v., Granville county, JV. Car.: 45 m. N. 
Raleigh. 

Waterloo, t. and p. o., Jefferson co., Tf7«c. ; 22 m. E. by N. 
Madison. Drained by Rock cr. Pop. S31. 

Waterloo, p. o., Lawrence co., Ohio : 96 m. S. S. E. 
Columbus. 

Waterloo, p. v., Juniata co., Penn, : on Tuscarora cr., 
42 m. W. lTarris!>urg. 

Waterloo, p. o., Fauquier co,, Virg.: 85 m. N. by W. 
Richmond. 

Waterloo, p. v., Laurens dist., S. C^n: : 60 m. W. N. W. 
Columbia. 

Waterport, p. o., Orlciins co., JV. Y.: 242 m. W. by N. 
Albany. 

Water Proof, p. o., Tensas par.. La. : 102 m. N. Eaton 
Rouge. 

Water Street, p. v.. Huntingdon co., Penn. : on Juniata 
r.,7o m. W. N. W. llarri:-burg. Il contains a charcoal forge, 
whieh in 1849 made 1.150 tons of blooms. 

Watertown, t. and p. v., Litchfield co., Comi.: 25 in. 
W. S. W. Hartford. Boumled E. by Naugatuck r. and 
drained by its branches. The Naugatuck R. R. runs along 
the river side. The v. contains 2 churches and some manu- 
faclures. I'op. of t. 1,533. 

Watertown, t. and p. v., Middlesex co., Mast.: 5}- m. 
W. by N. Boston. Drained by Charles r., which bounds it 
on the S., and is navigable to the v. for vessels requiring 
6 feet of water. Surface of t. beautifully diversified. In it* 
E. part is Mount Anluirn Cemetery ami part of Fresh Pon*. 
The v. conlains 3 churches and a IT. S.?ir.*enal. The Water 
town Branch R. R. extends to the v. from West Cand>ridgo 
on Filchburg R. R , which is nnich used by the citizens, 
many of whom transact iheir <laily business in Boston, 
pop. in 1ft40, 1,SI0 ; in 1850, 2.^37. 

Watertowk, I., p. v., and cap. Jefferson CO., JV! Y. : on 
S. side of Black r. al the falls. U5 m. N. W. by W. Albany. 
Surface of t. gently uneven : soil sandy loam and clay, very 
fertile, and wi-II ciillivated. lying upon limestone foundation. 
Drained by Black r. on the N. and by Sandy and Stoney 
creeks fl'iwing S. W.. and Lake Ontario. Black r., in pass- 
ing the v.. descends SS feel in 1 ni. by 5 natural cascades 
and 7 artificial <iains, creating an iunnense water-power, 
unrivaled in the Union for its natural availability, and of 
which only a small portion is yet us-'d. Tiie factories al- 
rea<ly erected are chiefly eiigai:ed in making woolen and 
cotton goods and paper ; bnl Ihere are also extensive flour- 
ing, grist, and saw mills, besides laiuieries, iron furnaces, 
and a large variety nf smaller manufacturitig catablish- 
menls. The v. was first s<'lll'-d in l^nO, and Incorporated 
in ISfll. It contains a cniirt-h"use and jail, of atone, 2 flour- 
ishing academics, a State arsenal, of brick, and 9 (duirches. 
There are 5 banks, with a<:gr''-,'ate capital of $600,000. The 
Waterlown aad Rome R. R. extends through Uiis place, 

911 



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71 ra. from Home, to Cape Vincent 25 m. The construction 
of a Hue of railroad hence to Stockholm, on the Northern 
E. R., is contemplated, also a railroad to Ulica through the 
valley of the Black r. Five newspapers were here publish- 
ed in 1S50— " Northern New Vork Journal" (whig), " Dem- 
ocraiic Union," " JefTorsonian" (dera.), Jefferson County 
Democrat," and " New York Reformer" (temp.) Pop. oft. 
In l'^40. 5,027 ; in ISoO, 7.201. 

Watektown, t. and p. v,, Washington co., Oltio: 74 ra. 
E. S. E. Columbus. Soil well cultivated, and drained N. by 
Wolf cr., which affords water-power. Pop. of t 1,374. 

Watep.town, t. and p. v., Jefftfrson co., Wise. : 35 m. 
E. by N. Madison. Surface diversified ; s<iil generally very 
fertile, well watered by Rock r., which here makes a great 
beu'l, flowing on both its W. and E. borders. The v. is 
handsomely situated in the N. part of the I., on both sides 
of Rock r., at the great bend, and at the foot of Johnson's 
rapids, where a dam across the river creates very great 
water-power. It has had a rapid growth, and is in a very 
flourishing condition. Two newspapers are here published 
— "W. Chronicly" (whig) and "State Register" (dem.) 
Two lines of railroad are projected to pass through Waler- 
town. viz.. Fond du Lac and Rock River R. R. ; and Mil- 
waukee, Portag;e, and La Crosse R. R. ; and a plank-road 
from Lake Michigan to Madison passes through this place. 
Pop. of t. in 1S40. 218 ; pop. of v. in 1650, 1,561 ; pop. of t., 
including v., in 1850, 2.8SS. 

WATEiiVALE, p. v., Onoudaga co., N. T. : on W. side of 
Limestone cr., 120 m. W. by N. Albany. Pop. about 200. 

Watbe Valley, p. o., Erie county, K Y. : 268 m. W. 
Albany. 

Water Valley, p. o., Talalnisha co.. Miss.: on N. side 
of branch of Tallahachie r., 129 m. N. by E. Jackson. 

Water Village, p. v., Carroll co., N. Harnp. : 37 m. 
N. N. E. Concord. 

Waterville, p. V. and sta.. New Haven co., C<mn. : on 
the Naugatuck r., 22 m. N. N. W. New Haven, 24 m. S. W. 
TTartford. The Naugatuck R. R. passes through, 35 m. 
from Bridgeport, 27 m. from Winsted. The v. is chiefly 
noted as containing a very extensive pocket cutlery estab- 
lishment, which has been as successful as any other in the 
Union. 

Waterville, t., p. v., and sta., Kennebec co., Me.: on 
W. bank of Kennebec r., 17 m. N. N. E. Augusta. Surface 
diversified; soil alluvial and well cultivated. The Kenne- 
bec r. is navigable to the v., handsomely situated at the 
Ticonic Falls, which extend across the river, are 1? feet 
high, and afford immense water-power. The other water- 
power in the vicinity is very great, and could be improved 
by a very large number of factories. The v. contains va- 
rious mills and manufactories, 2 banks, capital $125,000, an 
academy, and 4 churches. Waterville College, located here, 
is a Baptist institution, founded in 1S20, which in 1S50 had 
5 professors, 267 alumni (of whom S2 had entered the min- 
istry), SS students, and a library of 15,500 volumes. The 
Androscoggin and Kennebec R. R. extends to this place 
from Portland S2 m. ; the Kennebec and Penobscot R. R. 
is in construction to Bangor, and the Kennebec and Port- 
land R. R. will also extend hence to Augusta. Pop. of t in 
1840, 2.1)71 ; in 1850, 3,965. 

Waterville, p. v., Oneida co., K. K .* 86 m. W. by N. 
Albany. This v. is noted for its manufactures of woolen 
goods, carriage springs, flour, starch, lumber, and iron. It 
contains also an organ manufactory. 1 bank, capital $120,000, 
2 academies, and 2 churches. Pop. about 1,000. 

Waterville, t. and p. v., Lucas co., Ohio : on N. W. 
side of Maumee r., 110 m. N. N. W. Columbus. The Wa- 
bash and Erie Canal passes through the v. Pop. of t. in 
1840. 565 : in 1350, 953. 

WATER-vaLLE, p. T., Waukesha county, Wi^'sc. : 50 m. E. 
Madison. 

Watehvillk. t. and p. t., Lamoille co., Verfn.:%\ m. 
N. by W. Montpelicr. Surface mountainous. Drained by 

9ia 



N. branch of Lamoille r., which affords good mill-silea. 
The L contains several saw-mills, and 1 large woolen fac- 
tory having 2.000 spindles. Pop. of t. 753. 

Waterville, p. o., Lycoming co., Peiin. : 73 m. N. by E. 
Harrisburg. 

Watebvliet, t. and p. o., Albany co., iV. K; 5 ra, N. 
Albany. It occupies the N, E. corner of the county, being 
bounded N. by Mohawk r., and E. by the Hudson. At the 
confluence of these rivers are numerous islands breaking 
the mouth of the Mohawk into several channels. Surface 
level or undulating; soil generally sandy or swampy, ex- 
cept on the Hudson, where are extensive and fertile flats- 
The Erie and Champlain canals separate in this t.. and in 
the former are many locks to overcome the Falls of Cohoes, 
The Troy and Schenectady R. R. runs along the S. bank of 
the Mohawk. West Troy, the site of the U. S. Arsenal, is 
in Watervliet, and occupies about 130 acres, inclosed by 
walls and iron paling. There is also in this town the cele- 
brated Shaker settlement " Niskayuna," of which a detailed 
description is appended. The manufactures of this U em- 
ploy upward of a million dollars capital, and embrace many 
valuable branches of industry in the fabrication of iron, cot- 
ton and woolen goods ; and there are also numerous flour 
grist, and saw mills. Pop. of t. in 1840, 10,141 ; and in 1850 
16,675 — increase in the decade^ 64.4 per centum. 

The following is a description of the Shaker settlement in 
this town, as communicated (24th May, 1S53) by S. Buck 
iugham, a member of the society: 

" Tfie United Society."^ — The founder of this Society, or 
peculiar sect of people, commonly called '* Shakers,''^ was 
Ann Lee, daughter of John Lee, a native of Manchester in 
England, was born on the 29th of February, in the year 
1736. She, with her little company of followers, embarked 
for America in 1774, where they arrived the 6th of August 
Those that came over with her as companions and fellow- 
laborers in the work of her calling, were eight in number. 

In the year 1776, as many of her followers as had kept 
their rectitude and remained with her, took up their resi- 
dence at Watervliet, 8 miles N. W. from the centre of 
Albany, in a wilderness country, which required great toil 
and labor to render useful either to man or beast, or pro- 
ductive of the necessaries of life; but by their industry, zeal, 
and frugality, together with the additions, culture, and im. 
provements of Iheir successors, up to the present time, a 
permanent settlement has been establbhed, much admired 
by those who visit the place ; and though once a dreary and 
solitary spot of earth, is now a situation becoming an indus- 
trious and enlightened people, productive of nearly all tlie 
ordinary comforts of life. 

This branch of the " United Society" possess and occupy 
about 2,040 acres of land, much of which is tillable, aud 
produces com, grass, -wheat, rye, oats, barley, potatoes, 
pease and beans, to tolerable advantage ; and by manuring, 
may be rendered highly productive. They have also fine 
orchards, yielding an abundance of fhiit in favorable sea- 
sons, such as apples and peaches, with some plums and 
pears; and much of the smaller kinds, as currants, goos^ 
berries, and strawberries, which are raised in their gardens. 

A small stream of water, called the Schulune kill, runs 
through the south and easterly part of the village, and flows 
northward into the Mohawk r. On this creek they have 
several artificial ponds, which afford their main privileges 
in water-power. The land bordering upon this stream Is a 
deep, mucky soil, but the upland is of a sandy and gravelly 
quality. 

About 800 acres of the most valuable part of their land lie 
upon the banks of the Mohawk r., in the town of Niskayu- 
na, near the mouth of the Schulune kill, a little above Fast's 
Ferry, and in the town of Rotterdam, a short distance 
above the city of Schenectady, where is raised the principal 
part of their broom-corn, which they manufacture into 
bninms of the first quality, and vend them in the public 
markets throughout the country. By the overflowing of 



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WAU 



the river up"n its banlNS. the low land along here ia Hin- 
dered hitjhly productive without manuring, and is thereby 
made profliable to those who possess it. 

The population of the Society numbers some 300 or more, 
being dividi-d into four distinct families, located from a 
half to three-fourths of a mile distant from each oilier, a 
little back fmni llie main road leading from Troy to Sclie- 
nectady. so that the village is somewhat central between 
the above-mentioned pkices and llie rity of Albany, and 
may be approached within two and a half or three miles by 
railroads, connecting the aforesaid cities. 

As you pass along the village from east to west, you 
ascend a moileraie rise of land from which an agn-cablc 
scenery springs to view, extending from the Helderberg 
Mountains on the west to the Kayaderosseras Mountains on 
the north, and the Green Mounlains on the east, overlook- 
ing the vallejs of the Hudson and Afohawk rivers. 

The whole number of buildings in the village may be 
estimated at some 150 or 160, many of which are built of the 
beat materials, and are quite valuable. Among the num- 
ber there is a commodious building for divine worship, 
erected in the year 1S43 ; besides which there are three 
offices for the transaction of all public- business, two school- 
housts, eight dwelling houses, suilable to accommodate 
from fidy to one hundred persons each, and many work- 
shops ami storehouses, built in the moat commodious style. 
They have also two grist-mills, three saw-mills, and three 
machine-shops, in which various branches of mechanical 
business are carried on. such as carding wool, turning 
broom-handles, turning iron, and sawing firewood. 

Their principal domestic employments being agriculture, 
horticulture, tlie manufacture of brooms, and various kinds 
of medicines. tJiey have buildings and machinery appro- 
priated to each branch of business sufEeient to render each 
profitable ; and the many articles they manufacture for sale 
are noted for their neatness, durability, and good quality. 

No pains is spared in the raising and preparing of their 
garden seeds, of which they raise a general assorlment ; and 
the botanical herbs, roots, harks, and extracts which they 
procure for market are prepared in the most punctual and 
faithful manner. Their brooms, also, have an extensive 
eale, which need but be used to receive commendation. 
Thus, all the articles manufactured by them and offered for 
sale are of the most durable quality, and may be relied on 
as genuine and pure. 

They generally perform the most part of their own 
black-smiihing, joiner, and carpenter work, tailoring, and 
shoe-making; and the females are not less industrious in 
their various branches of business, including dressmaking, 
spinning, weaving, braiding whip-lashes, manufacturing 
bonnets, small fancy baskets, fans, brushes, with a variety 
of other small saleable articles. 

The sociely generally keep from f'irty to fifty good horses, 
eighty cows, sixteen yoke of oxen, five hundred sheep, and 
young cattle and other stock in proportion. 

The manner of life by them adopted seems not at all 
deleterious to longevity, for from their statistical rei)orts of 
the ages of those who have deceased in their society since 
its first establishment in this country, show an av<rage nf 
fifl\-four years. It is a fact, that these singular peojde 
strictly adhere to a life of chastity and virgin purity, aud 'fo 
n^Wier vmmj^nor aj-e givf-n in tnarriage, but believe 
that true Christianity consists in purity of heart, and a life 
devoted to God in all things — being ingrafted mto tlie true 
vine, and living the life and imitating the exampU* of Him 
who overcame the world, with all its afi'ections and lust.s. 
Consequently, they have nothing to do with war and blood- 
ehed, and the political strifes of the world, but choose to live 
in peace with all men. They arc temperate an*! stiber in 
their habits, discarding entirely the use of ardent spirits 
and its attendant evils, excepting occasionally in medicinal 
preparations. 

In thia society, as in other branches of their community, 

&8 



equ;d rights and privileges are enjoyed, as no one claims 
aught as his own; but each and all receive according to 
their needs and circumstances, possessing all things in com- 
mon, wiiethcr of a spiritual or temporal nature. 

The first established and largest Society of Shakers ia at 
New Lebanon, Columbia county, New York, 2i m. S. of 
Lebanon Springs. There is also another small Society in 
tnis Slate, at Groveland, Livingston county. * 

The following is a brief statement of Iho several societies 
located in the other States. 

JIii.'isac?iuwtiJ^. — Hancock, Berkshire county, 5 m. W. 
of PiKsfleld. — TvuiNGnAJU, in the same county, ItJ m. S. of 
Hancock.— Harvaiid, "Worcester county, 30 miles N. "W. 
from Boston.— SuiKi^T, Middlesex county,? miles W. from 
Harvard. 

I^'ew Ifainpshii-e.—CA^TEKBURY, Merrimac county. 12 m. 
N. by E. from Concord. — Enfield, Grafton county, 12 m. 8. 
from Dartmouth College. 

Coii7tectu-ut—'KjiFiELT)y Hartford county, 5 ra. E. of the 
Connecticut r., and IS in. N. E. from Hartford. 

J/((i ?)('.— Awn i:d. Y<irk county, 30 m. S. W. from Port- 
land. — New Gloucksteu, Ciunberland county, 25 m. N. "W. 
from Portland. 

Ohio. — Union Village, Warren county, 4 m. "W. from 
Lebanon, and 27 m. N. by E. from Cincinnati; this is the 
oldest and largest Society in the Western country. — Also, 
Watervliet, Montgomery county, 6 m. S. E. from Dayton. 
— Whitewater, Hamilton county, 22 m. N. W. of Cincin- 
nati.— Noutii Union, Cuyahoga county, 7 m. S. E. from 
Cleveland. 

A'p/i?»e/.7/.— Pleasant Hill, or SnAKERTOWN, Mercer 
county, Sm.E. fromllarrodsburg; pop.34'3. — Soitd Union, 
Logan county, nearly central between lUissellville and Bow- 
ling Green, 14 m. from the latter, and 50 m. N. of Nash- 
ville (Ttitirt.); pop. in 1S50, 245. 

Watervliet, t. and p. o., Berrien connty, Mich. : 96 m. 
W. S. W. Lansing. 

Watervuet Centrb, p. o., Albany co., N. T.: 9 m. K. 
Albany. 

Watkins, p. o., Union co., Ohi^ : 82 m. N. W. Columbus. 

Watkinsville, p. T., and cap. Clark co., Ga.: 56 m. 
N. by W. Milledgpville. It contains a court-house J ail, an 
academy, sereral stores, etc. Pop, 935. 

Watson, t. antl p. o., Lewis co., A^ K; 110 m. N. W. 
Albany. Surface hilly and mountainous. Pop. 1.13S. 

Watson's Biuuge, p. o., Moore co., Ji. Car. : 50 m. S. W. 
Ealeigh. 

Watsontown, p. o., Northumberland co., Ponii. : on E, 
side of Susquehanna r.. 54 m. N. Harrisburg. 

WAn^uoRo', p. v., Lunenburg co., Jliy. : on N. bank Of 
Meherrin r., 5S m. S. W. Richmond. 

WATisttuRG, p. b., Erie co., Pean. : on French cr., 190 m. 
N. W. by W. Harrisburg. Pop. about ISO. 

Watt's Mills, p. o., Appanoose co., la. : S7 m. a. 'W. 
Iowa City. 

Watt's Mills, p. o., Westmoreland co., Penn. : 130 m. 
W. Harrisburg. 

WAUirATruBE. p. o., Dade co., Ga.: on E. side of Look- 
out cr., 192 m. N. W. Milledgeville. 

Wauiioo, p. o., Vigo county, Ind. : 63 miles W. by 8. 
lu'lianapolis. 

Waukai', p. o., Winnebago co., Tr7.sc.." 83 m. N. N. E. 
Madison. 

Waukeenah, p. 0., Jefferson co., Flor. : 19 m. E. S, EL 
Tallahassee. 

Wapkegan, p. v.. port, and cap. Lako co., III. : 196 m. 
N. E. by N. Springfield. Iia sittf is a very attractive loca- 
tion, rising from the lake to a considerable eminence, with 
a hill in the centre, on which stands the court-house. It 
has had a very rapid growth, which will probably conlinne 
for years. It is already well built, containing m:iny hand- 
some and substantial buildings. The surrounding countrj 

tld 



WAtJ 



WAY 



Ib of great ferlilily, being the best prairie land, and with 
considerable timber. It has a gond harbor, piers, etc.. and 
carries on an extensive lalce trade. During 1S49, its exports 
amounted to $253,107. and its imports to $G0.OSI. Tb.- 
"Waukegan Chronicle" (dem.) and ihe " CiZflto" (whig) 
are issued weelily. The Chicago and Milwaukie R. E. will 
pass throuich this place. Pop. about 4,(i00, 

Waukesha county. Wise. Situate S. E.. and cont.iins576 
sq. m. Drained by Fox r. and its affliientj*, and other 
streams. Surface undulating, and diversified with numer- 
ous lakes, wliich are ttie sources of many of (he streams 
which traverse the co. in all directions. Soil fertile, and 
produces good crops of wheat and grain. Pine and other 
forest trees cover a considerable portion of the land. The 
water-power supplied by the streams affords good advan- 
tages for manufacturing estaMishments. Farms 1.703 ; 
roannf. 7S; dwell. 3,408, and pop.— wh. 19.136. fr. col. .SS— 
total 10.171. CapifM: Waukesha. Pnhlu^ Workft: Mil- 
waukie and Mississippi R. R. ; Milwaukie and Porlase R. R. 

Wai:^esiia, t.. p. v.. sta., and cap. Waukesha co., Wistr.: 
60 m. E. by S. Madison. Surface diversified ; soil fine 
prairie and timber land. Drained by Pishtaka river and 
branches. The v. is on the Pishtaka r. and the border of a 
rich prairie. It contains the county buildings and many 
neat dwellinss. The Milwaukie and Mississippi R. R. 
passes through it, 20 m. from Milwaukie. 50 m. from Janes- 
ville. The " Waukesha Democrat" is issued weekly. Pop. 
oft. 2.3U. 

WArKSADv, p. 0., Cook county, lU.: 175 m. N. E. by N. 
Sprincfleld. 

Waitpaka, p. o., Marquette co., WUc. : on S. side Wau- 
paka r., 95 m. N. by E. Madison. 

WAtTPUN, t. and p. V, Fond du Lac co., Wise.: 67 m. 
N. E. Madison. Drained by head streams of Rock r. which, 
immediately S. of the t., enters a large marsh, from which it 
escapes about 12 m. below. Surface handsomely varied ; 
soil of great depth, and productive. The v. is a thriving 
and healthy place, and contains about 300 inhabitants ; and 
within a short distance is the railroad from Fond du Lac to 
Chicago. The State prison is located here. Pop. oft. SS2. 

WAirsAr, t, p. v., and cap. Marathon co,, Wise: on E. 
bank Wiscon^iin r., 135 m. N. by E. Madison. This is the 
principal settlement in the co. The inhabitants in and 
around it for several miles are chiefly engaged in lumber- 
ing and sugar-making. Pop. oft, 466. 

Waitsrara. t, and p. v., Dodge county, Wise. ; 43 m. 
N. E. by N. Madison. Fox lake occupies about one-fourth 
of the surface of the L The v. is situate on its S. side. 
Pop. of t. S56. 

Waotoma, p. o., Waukesha co., Wise. : on W. bank of 
"While r., 52 m. N. by E. Maciison. 

Wauwato^a, t., p. v., and sta., Milwaukie co., W/sr. : 72 
m. E. Madison. The Milwaukie and Mississippi R. R. 
passes through the v., 5 m. from Milwaukie, 65 m. from 
Janesville. Pop. of t 2,056. 

Waveland, p. 0., Montgomery co., Ind. : 45 m.W. N.W. 
Indianapolis. 

Waverly, p. o., Lowndes co.. Miss.: on W. side Tom- 
bigbee r., 130 m. N. E. Jackson. 

Wavep.lv. p. V. and sta., Tioga county, y. Y. : 1-36 m. 
W. S. W. Albany. The Erie R. R. passes near it, 266 m. 
fl*om Xew York, 203 m. from Dunkirk. 

WATERtY, p. v.. Morgan county. III. : 22 miles S. W. 
Springfleld. 

Waverly,' p. o., Henry co., Mo. : 97 ra. W. by 9. Jeffer- 
son City. 

Waveelt, p. v., Pike co., Ohio: on W. bank of Scioto r., 
57 m. S. Columbus. The Ohio Canal passes through it. 
Pop. 67S. 

Waverly, p. v., and cap. Humphreys co., Tenn. : 57 m. 
W. by 8. Nashville. Contains the county buildings, etc. 

Waverly, p. o., Luzerne co., Fenn.: 80 m. N. E. by E. 
Harrisburg. 
914 



Waverly Hall, p. o., Harris co., G(t. : on S. side of 
Mull.erry cr.. 100 m. W. by S. Milledgeville. 

Wawai:sin(;, t. and p. o., Ulster co., jY. )'. .■ 70 m. 9. S.W. 
Albany. Surface hilly and mounlainoui*. having nn the 
9. E. the .Shawangiiiik range of mountains ; soil ft-rlile, 
gravelly loam and clay. Drained by Rondont kill and 
branches, which afford abundant water-power. The t. is 
targe, cnntniiiing several settlements and post-offices ; alio, 
about 50 saw-mills, numerous tanneries, and woolen fac- 
tories, with other manufactories. It contains ores of iron, 
plumliago, and lead. The Delaware and Hudson canal 
pa*?es through its 9. E. parL Population in 1840,4,044; in 
1S50, 6.459. 

WAWpFiroNG, p. o., Miami county, Tiid. : 52 miles N. 
Indianapolis. 

WAXAnAeniE. p. v., and cap. Ellis county, Tex.: on N. 
side of Waxahachie r., 157 m. S. N. E. Austin City. It con- 
tains the court-house, jail, etc. 

Way, p. o., Ripley county, Jnd.: 65 m. 9. E. by E. 
Indianapolis. 

Waylant), t. and p. v., Middlesex co„ Jfriss.: 14 ra. W. 
Hoston. Surface of t. pleasantly diversified. Drained by 
Sudbury river, which forms the principal part of its W. 
boundary. It contains Pelham and Dudley ponds, and part 
of Long Pond. Pop. oft. 1.115. 

WA'iXANo, t. and p. o., Allegan co., 3fich. : 53 m.W. by S. 
Lansing. Surface somewhat uneven, and diversified by 
several handsome ponds. Pop. 400. 

Wayland Dep6t. p. o. and sta., Steuben co., 2^. Y. : on 
Buffalo. Corning, and New York R. R.,46 m. from Corning, 
201 m. W. Albany. 

WAYLA>rDSBURGi p. T., Culpcpper county, Virff.: 72 m. 
N. N. W. Richmond. 

Wayl.vnp's Springs, p. o., Lawrence county, Tenn, .■70 m. 
S. 9. W. Nashville. 

Waymart, p. v., Wayne county, Penn. : 115 m. N. E. 
Harrisburg. Pop. about 100. 

Wayne county, Gn. Situate S. E.. and contains 716 
sq. m. Drained by Little Santilla and Turtle rivers, and by 
Finholloway cr. and other small streams of Alatamaha r., 
which forms its N. boundary. Surface low and level ; soil 
in general fertile, but there are ?ome portions of marshy 
ground unfit for cultivation — these, when drained, make 
good grazing land. Farms 172; manuf. 0; dwell. 1S2. and 
pop.— wh. l,i)SS, fr. col. 5, si. 406— total 1,499. Capital: 
Waynesville. 

Wayne county, III. Situate toward the 9. E.. and con- 
tains 719 sq. m. Little Wabash r. passes through its east- 
ern section, by which and its branches, Skillett fork and 
Elm cr., it is ilrained. Surface level, or gently undulating ; 
soil fertile, and produces wheat and grain, and tobacco in a 
small quantity. Pork and beef are exported, ready access 
being had to other markets by means of the Little Wabash. 
A large portion of the county is prairie and woodland. 
Farms 492; manuf. 6; dwell. 1.209. and pop.— wh. 6,822, 
fr. col. 3— total 6.S25. Capital: Fairfield. 

Wayne county. Iih?. Situate E. on Ohio State line, and 
contains 42') sq. m. The streams are E. an<l W. forks of 
White river. Surface level or pleasa?it!y rolIin£r — in 9. E. 
somewhat billy. Dense forests originally covererl the co. 
Soil a rich loam, bedded on clay. Manufactures have a 
good footinir. F.'irms 1.934 ; m.anuf. 218; dwell. 4,515, and 
pop.— wh. 24.323. fr. col. 9.917— total 25.320. Capitul : Cen- 
Ireville. Pifhllr Worls : Whitewater Canal ; Indiana Centra! 
R. R. : Richmond and Newcastle K. R., and the Nat Road. 

Wayne county. In. Situate 9.. and contains 5(i8 sq. m 
Drained by branchi'S of Chariton and Weldon rivers, and 
Mudiiy cr., all tributaries of Crooked Fork of Gran<l r. Sur- 
face level or rollins- s<>il fertile, and consists of black mold, 
with sand an<l <'lay miermixed, an<l favorable to Ihe culti- 
vation of wheat and grain. It has good paslurage, anii is 
well wooded. Farms — ; manuf. — ; dwell. 57. and pop.— 
wh. 339, fir. col. 1— total 340, Capital : Cambria. 



WAY 



WAY 



Wayne county, Ky. Situate S. toward the E., and con- 
lains G37 sq. m. Drained by S. forlc of ftiniberUuid r. and 
ils bratiL-hes, and Beaver creek. Surface even; suil nmd- 
erately fertile; a large pnrtion is well adapted to ffraziiigr. 
Chief productions, wheat and Indian corn ; tobticen and 
cotton are also grown. It is bounded on flie N. by Cum- 
berland r. Farms 929; manuf. 17; dwell. 1.3;i0. and pop. 
'^. T.SSfi. fr. col. 6, si. SSO—total 8,692. C'i/>i("l : M.-nticcllo. 

Waynk county, Jfi--/i. Situate S. K. in the ^nutlu-rti Pe- 
ninsula, and contains about 600 sq. in. Drained by Huron 
and Itniiire rivers and their branches, which flow into De- 
troit r. on the 9. E. Surface levtl ; soil varinu^— a sandy 
loam, with clay intermixed, prevailiuix- In nmst parts it is 
fertile, and produces abnmlantly. GofKi water-puwer is 
supplied by the linuge r. and its trilnitriries. Iron ore of 
good quality, and limestone are found in this county; also 
sulphur >prin^:3, the waters of which an* used medicinally. 
The chief pmducts are wheat, Indian corn, oats, and pnla- 
toes. Farms 1,6S5; mannf. 214; dwell. 7,0(13. and pop.— 
wh. 42.1 35^ fr. ol. 721— total 42,750. Otj'iUtl : Di-troit. 
Puhlir Worka: Michigan Central 11. R.; Deln»it and Ton- 
tiac li. R. ; Toledo and Detroit R. R. 

Wavne county, MiM. Situate F. toward the S..and con- 
tains 7iU sq. m. Drained in the E. by Chiekasuwha r. and 
its branelu-s, which extend through the N. porlinn of the 
county, and in the W. and S. by branches of Leaf creek. 
Surface uneven; soil barren; along the streams there is 
some goofi land which proves productive. Staples, cotton 
and Indian corn. Farms 162; manuf. 0; dwHI. 281, and 
pop.— wh. 1,399, fr. col.—, si. 1,393— total 2.792. Oi/jiM-: 
WinchfSter. Public Works: Mobile and Ohio R. R. 

"W'avkr county. Mo. Situate S. E., and contains 94G 
6q. ni. St, Francois r. flows through it centrally, by which 
and ila branches, and by Big lilackwater r. and Castor cr. 
it is drained. Surface uneven, and in parts broken. Soil in 
parts very fertile : on the rivers are some boitum-Iands whieh 
are vt-ry prnduclive, and raise fine crops of wheat am! grain. 
It contains many minerals, and has excellent timber land. 
Lake Mieola lies on its S. E. border. Farms 47S ; manuf. 2 ; 
dwell. 699, and pop.— wh. 4,152, fr. col. 6— total 5,233. Oa2>- 
iUil: Greenville. 

Waynh county, N". T. Situate N. W.. and conLiins 572 
sq. m Drained by Clyde r, which is formed by tlie junc- 
tion of Mnd cr. and Canandaiiiua r. Surface uneven, aD<i 
diversifierj in S. portion by hills and valleys. Soil fertile, 
and productive in a great degree in the S., but principally 
adapted to grazing and the culture of grain. It cnnlain*! 
many minerals, and has some sail and sulphur spriuirs. the 
former of which yielded a short time back a consideral>Ie 
revemie. Some g^iod beds of iron ore are fonnd. Tlu- 
mountain ridge which runs from E. to W. divides the wa- 
ters of the N. from those which run S. Sodns bay. Port 
bay, and Fast bay are on the lake coa*;!. Chief products, 
wheal an<i Indian corn. Farms 3.957 ; nianuf. 25(1; dwell. 
8,074. and pop.— wh. 44,701. fr. col. 252— total 44.P.i3. C<rjj- 
ital : Lyons. Public Works : Syracuse and Roche-sler 
E. R. ; Sodas and Southern K. E. ; Erie Canal ; Sodus 
Canal, etc. 

\Vavne county, IT. Car. Situate S. E. centrally, ai.d 
contains 32S sq. m. Drained by Neii^e r. and its branches. 
Surface undulating; soil fertile, and adapted to griuiiig. 
Chief productione, cotton, wheat, and Indian corn. Farms 
fiCS; mannf. 69; dwell. 1,576, and pop. — wh. 7,s"2, tc. col. 
664, si. 5,'i2'i— total 13,486. Capitnl: Waynesboro'. PiihUc 
W>fk.^: Wilmington and Weldon R. R. ; North Carolina 
Central R. R.. etc. 

Wavne county, Ohio. Situate toward N. E. of the centre, 
and contains 569 sq. m. Chippewa r. and Sugar cr. rlrain 
the E. portion, and Killbuck cr. and its branches the central 
and eastern. Surface varied, parte being level, and rmieh 
of it rolling and plea-^antly diversified. Soil consist.* of deep 
mold, au't on the streams is very fertile. Staples, wheat, 
Indian corn, and potatoes. Live-stock and grain are ex- 



ported largely. Farms 2,904; mannf Z^O; dwell. 5,713, 
and pop.— wh. 32,953, fr. col. 28— total 32,981. Capthd: 
Wdoster. PuhUc Works: Ohio and Pennsylvania R. R. ; 
I'levclaud, Zanesville, and Cincinnati R. R- etc 

Wavnh countj', Pt^nn. Situate N. E., and conUtins 763 
sq. m. Drained by Lackawaxen cr. and its affluents and 
triliuiaricM of Delaware r., which forms its N. E. boundary. 
Surface hilly and broken: on the streams are some fine 
tracts of level land; soil fertile. Farms 1,336 ; manuf. 200; 
dwell. 3,719, and pop.— wh. 21.841, fr. col. 49— total 21,890. 
Oipitnl : Bethany. Puhlir Works : Delaware and Hudsoa 
Canal : Penn.«ylvania Coal Company's K. R. 

"Wayne county, Tenn. . Situate S, toward the W., and 
contains 694 sq. m. Buffalo river and Shoal cr. and tluir 
branches, with other affluents of the Tennessee, drain the 
CO. Surface varied, the larger portion being billy, ami in 
parts broken; soil, which is a deep mold on the stream.^ is 
fertile; it is adapleil to wheat and grain. and cotton and to- 
bacco are produced in c«>nsiderable quantities. Live-stock 
and grain are exported. Farms 6S9 ; manuf. 10; dwell. 
1.216. .nnd pop.— wh. 7.232, fr. col. S, si. 930— total 8.170. 
C*ij>it"l : Waynesboro". Puhlic Works : Nashville and 
Memphis R. E. 

"Wayne county, Hrf?. Erected from Cabell in 1842. Sit- 
uate W., and contains 412 .sq. m. Drained by Twenty- 
pvile cr. and branches of Sandy r. Surface broken, and la 
parts mountainous ; soil in general i.** indifferent, but there 
are some tracts of land which are fertile, and adapted to 
the culture of grain. Chief products, wheat and Indian 
corn. Some tobacco is raised. Farms 478: manuf 9; 
dwell. 749, and pop.— wh. 4,564. fr. col. 7, si. l'^9— total 
4.760. Capital: Wayne C. H. Puhlic Works: Covington 
and Ohio R. R. 

Wayne, sta , Du Pagf co., 111. : on Galeni and Chicago 
Union R. R., 83 m. from Chicago. 

Waynk. t., Allen co., Ind.: lu3 m. N.N.E. Indianapolis. 
Pop. in 1840, 2,080: in 1850, 5.2SS. 

Wayne, t. and p. v.. Kennebec county, ^fe.: 17 m. W. 
Augusta. Androscoggin Pond occupies a large part of this 
1.. which has generally a fertile soil, and pleasantly diversi- 
fied snrfaee. Pop. of t. 1,367. 

Wayne, p. v- and sta., Wayne co., Mich.: on S. branch 
of Rotice r., .ind Michigan Central R. R., IS m. from De- 
troit, 65 m. E. S. E. Lansing. 

Wayne, t. and p. v., Sienben co., 2T. Y. : 176 m, W. by fl. 
Albany. Bounded in part on the E. by Little and Mud 
lakes, and on the W. by Crooked lake. Surface hilly in N. 
part; .soil. loam and clay. The v. contains 2 churches, aiidll 
about 150 inhabitants. Pop. of t. 1,347. 

Wavne, t. anri p. o , Erie co., Peynu : 1S2 m. N.W. by W. 
Harrisburg. Pop. of t, about l.OOH. 

Wayne Centre, p. o., Du Page county, III.: 162 m. 
N. E. by N. Springfiehl. 

Wayne Couct-uoi se. p. v.. and cap. Wayne co., Virg.: 
279 m. W. by N. Richmond. It contains the county build- 
ings, etc. 

Waynesporo*, p. v.. sta.. and cap. Burke co., Ga. : on the 
Auirusia and Waynesboro* E. R.. 30 m. from Augusta, 66 m. 
]■:. Milleilgeville. It contains a court-house, jail, 2 churches, 
au academy, stores, etc. Pop. about 200. 

WAVNKftUoito', p. v., and cap. Wayne co.. -V. Car.: on N. 
side of Neiise river, near the mouth of Little river, 48 in. 
S. E. by E. Rab'ii:Ii. It contains the omnly buildings, etc 
The Norih Carolina Central R. R., connecting with the 
Wilmington ami Weblon R. R. at Goldaboro', extends W. 
through this place to Greensboro'. Pop. about 400. 

Waynksroro'. p. K, X'ranklin co., Pmn,: A^ m. S. "W. 
Harrisburg. It cont-nins 3 churches, an academy, and 1 
bank, capital $100,000. The " Village Record" (neutral) ia 
issued weekly. Pop. about S50. 

WAYNES[ioBo\p. v.. and cap. Wayne co., 7>n/?. ; 75 m, 
S. W. Nashville. It contains a court-house, jail, slorea,etc, 
and about 100 inhabitants. 

915 



WAY 



WEI 



Waynesboro', p. v., Augusta co., Virg. : on the line of 
the Virginia Central R. K.. 86 m. W. N. W. Kichmond. 

Waynesbueq, p. v., Lincoln co., Ky.: 31 m. S. by E. 
Frankfort 

■WAYNESBrRO, p. V., Stork CO., Ohio: on San<ly cr. and 
Sandy and Beaver Canal, 93 m. N. E. by E. Coliitiibus. It 
contains several stores, manufacturing eatablishnients, etc. 
A line of railroad from Bayard to New Philadelphia, pass- 
ing through this place, is contemplated. Pop. about 550. 

Watnesbukg, p. b., and cap. Greene co., Penn. : 170 m. 
"W. by S. Harrisburg. It contains the county buildings, an 
academy, and 8 churches, several tanneries, stores, etc. 
The " Waynesburg Messenger" (dera.), and " Greene Co. 
Whig" are issued weekly. Fop. S52. 

■Waynestille, p. v., and cap. Wayne co,, Ga.: 153 m. 
8. E. by S. Milledgeville. It contains the county buildings, 
an academy, stores, etc. Pop. about 200. 

Waynestille, p. v., De Witt co., lU.: on S. side Kick- 
apoo or., 42 m. N. E. Springfield. 

Waynestille, p. v., and cap. Pulaski co., Mo. : on E. 
side Robidoux fork of Gasconade r., 50 m. S. Jefferson City. 
It contains the county buildings, etc. Pop. about 200. 

Waynesville, p. v., and c;ip. Haywood co., N. Car. : on 
branch of Big Pigeon r., 243 m. W. by S. Raleigh- It con- 
tains a court-house, jail. etc. Pop. about 120. 

Waynestille, p. v., Warren co., Ohio: on W. side of 
Little Miami river. 62 m. S. W. by S. Columbus. Settled 
chiefly by Friends. The "Miami Visitor" (literary) is here 
published. Pop. about 600. 

Waynetottm, t. antl p. v., Montgomery co., Iiid. : 70 m. 
W. N. W. Indianapolis. 

Waynmansville, p., o., Upson co., Ga. : 62 m. W. by S- 
Milledgeville. 

Weakley county, Te?>n. Situate N. W., and contains 
972 sq. m. Drained by numerous tributaries of Obion r., an 
affluent of the Mississippi. Surface level or rolling; soil 
/jnnsists of rich black mold, and is in general productive. 
Wheat, grain, tobacco, and cotton are raised, and pork is 
exported considerably. Farms 1.467; manuf. 13: dwell. 
1,948, and pop.— wh. 11,523, fr. col. 15, si. 3.070— total 14,503. 
Citpital: Dresden. Public Works: Nashville and Missis- 
sippi R. R. 
Weare, t and p. v., Hillsboro' co., N'. Hamp.: 14 m. 
.S.W.Concord. Surface uneven. Drained by Piscataquis r., 
which affords water-power. The t. contains numerous grist 
and saw mills, with several tanneries, cotton and woolen 
factories, etc. The v. near the centre is pleasantly situated, 
^he Merrimac and Connecticut Rivers R. R. passes through 
the V. of East Weare and North Weare, the former 16 m. 
the latter 19 m. from Manchester. Pop. of L 2,436. 

Wear's Cove, p. o., Sevier co., Teim. : 177 m. E. by S. 
Nashville. 

Weatiieklt, p. o., Carbon county, Penii.: 70 m. N. E. 
Harrisburg. 

Weatiiersfikld, t. and p. t., Windsor co.. Term. : on 
W. side of Connecticut r., 63 m. S. by E. Montpelier. Sur- 
face uneven ; watered in S. W. part by Black r., which af- 
fords water-power. Mount Ascutney lies on its N. br)rder. 
The L contains several pleasant settlements. It has several 
woolen factories, tanneries, and a variety of mills. Pop. 
of t. 1,S51. 

Weatoqtte. eta., Hartford co.. Conn.: on New Haven 
and Norlhampltm E. R., 40 m. from New Ilaven, 9 m. N, W. 
Hartford. 

Weavebsvtlle, p. o., Northampton CO., PeiM, ; 90 m. 
E. N. E. Harrisburg. 

Weaversyillk, p. o., Fauquier co., Virg. : S7 m. N. by W. 
Bichmond. 

Weaversville, p. T., Trinity county, Calif. : ISS m. N. 
Tallejo. 

Webb county, Tex. Situate S. W., and contains about 
8,500 sq. m. Drained by small streams of tlie Rio Grande 
and Nueces rivers. Surface level or rolling, and m mostly 
»lft 



prairie, the undulations and swells giving it the appellation 
of the roiling prairie; soil is generally a dark sandy loam, 
very productive, and yielding very large crops of wheat, 
grain, cotton, tobacco, sugar, and indigo. Potatoes and 
other vegetables are also grown. The napal, or prickly 
pear, abounds. It is extensively wooded. Capitiil: Laredo. 
Webbek's, sta., Cuumberland co., Me. : on Atlantic and 
SL Lawrence R. K., 13 m. from Portland, 39 m. S. W. by 9. 
Augusta. 

Wki!ber'8 Peaikie, p. o., Travis co., Tex. : 16 m. E. by 8. 
Austin City. 

Webb's Ford, p. o., Rutherford co., 2f. Cck*.: 190 m. 
W. by S. Raleigh. 

Webb's Mills, p. c, Ritchie Co., Virg. : 225 m. N. W. 
by W. Richmond. 

Webb's Millb, p. o., Chemnng co., If. K .' 164 m. W. by S. 
Albany. 

Webek county, Utah Tor. Extends from the Bear KiTer 
mountains to the California boundarip", and is about 40 ra. 
wide. The E. portion is drained by Bear and Weber rivers, 
which empty into the Great Salt lake, one-half of which 
lies in this county. Farms 33; manuf. 2 ; dwell. 227, and 
pop.— wh. 1,186, fr. col. 0— total 1,1S6. Capital: Browns- 
ville. 

Webster, t. .ind p. v., Lincoln county. Me. : 21 m. S. W. 
Augusta. Surface of t. is pleasantly diversified by several 
small ponds. Interests chiefly agricultural. Popnlatloa 
of t. 1.110. 

Webster, t., p. t., and sta., Worcester co., Mass. : 45 m. 
S. W. by W. Boston. French r. flows on its W. border, 
and receives the outlet of a large pond, each of which af- 
fords great water-power. The v. contains 2 churches and 
several very large factories of cotton goods. The Norwich 
and Worcester R. R. passes through it, 43 m. from Nor- 
wich and 16 m. from Worcester. Pop. of t in 1S40, 1,403; 
inlS50, 2,371. 

Webster, t and p. o., Washtenaw co.^ Mick.: 44 m. S. E. 
Lansing. Soil fertile. Watered by Huron r., several ponds, 
and Portage lake in its N. W. comer. A part of Dexter t. 
is in this town. Pop. 924. 

Webster, t and p. o., Monroe co., N. Y. : 194 m. W. by N. 
Albany. Drained by small streams flowing into Lake On- 
tario. Soil very fertile. Interests entirely agricultural. 
Pop. 2,446. 

Webster, p. o., Wayne county, Jnd. : 60 m. E. by N. 
Indianapolis. 

Webster, p. 0., Hancock co.. III. : on branch of Crooked 
cr.. 84 m. N. W. by W. Springfield. 

Webster, p. o., Winston county, Miss.: 97 m. N. E. 
Jackson. 

Webster's Mills, p. o., Fulton cc, Peim. : 63 m. W. by S. 
Harrisburg. 

Weedowee, p. v., Randolph county, Ala. : on 8. side of 
branch of Tallapoosa r., SO m. N. E. by E. Montgomery, 

Weed's Port, p. v. and sta., Cayuga co., iV. Y. : on the 
Erie Canal and Rochester and Syracuse Direct R. R., 149 m. 
W. by N. Albany. It contains 2 churches, stores, etc., and 
about S50 inhabitants. 

Wehadkee, p. o., Randolph co., Ala. : 83 m. N. E. by E. 
Montgomery. 
Week*s Mills, p. o., Kennebec co.. Me. 
Weklaunee, p. o., Winnubago co., Wise. : 75 m. N. N. E. 
Mudison. 

Weewokaville, p. 0., Talladega co., Ala. : 62 m. N 
Montgomery. 

Weqatchie. p. 0., St. Lawrence county, 2f. Y. : 150 m. 
N. W. by N. Albany. 

Wehoga, p. o,, Benton co., Ala.: on branch of Talla- 
poosa r., 100 m. N. E. by N. Montgomery. 

Weir's Bridge, p. o. and sta., Belknap co., 2f. JTamp. : 
on W. shore of Winnipiseogee lake, and on the Boston, 
C'Kicnrd, and Montreal R. R., S3 m. from Concord. It is 
of much summer resort by viailors to the lake, upon wUich 



WEI 



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a stt-aniboat, starting from this point, plies daily on excur- 
sion trips. 

"Weib's Cave, Virg. : this cavern is generally considered 
one of the most beautiful in the worki, is IG in. N. E. Staun- 
ton, 81 ra. N. W. by W. Kichmond. It is about 1.2(i0 f.«t 
long, and divided into numerous apartments, each abuumi- 
ins: with white limestone pdlars. slalactitfs, and stalairmites 
of great brilliatn-y, as seen by torches, and with consider- 
able variety of fnrm and color. 

Weisbnbubg. t. and p. c, Lehigh county, Penn.: 66 m. 
E. N. E. Harrisburg. The t. ei>ni;iitis numerous disiilleries, 
tanneries, grist and saw mills. Pup. about l.tUiO. 

'WEisKBrKG,p. v., Baltimore CO., J[iL: 44 ra. N. Annapolis. 

"Wkisport, p. 0., Carbon co., Peniu: 72 m. N. E. by E. 
Harrisburg. 

Welaka, p. v., Orange cr, Flor. : on the E. bank of St. 
John's r.. 27 m. above Pilalka, and 238 m. E. S. E. Talla- 
hassee. This is a new settlement, but is expected to become 
a place of considerable commerce, since, by running steam- 
ers up to this point, the present pnle-boal navigation to 
Pilatka. which is frequently dangerous, would be avoided. 
Very near the v., ami near the bank of the r.. are the Welaka 
Sulphur t>prings, and about 2 m. distant are the Magnolia 
Springs — one sulphur and the other magnesia. Game and 
fish are abundant 

"Welch's Mills, p. o., Cabarras county, K. Car.: 96 m. 
W. by S. Kaleigh. 

■Welchtille, p. 0., Oxford co., JP. .■ 45 m. "W. Augusta. 

Weld, i, and p. o.. Franklin co.. Me. : 40 m. N. W. by N. 
Augusta. Drained by streams flowing into Weld Pond, in 
the S. central parL Surface diveraifled, with fertile soil. 
Pop. 995. 

Weldon. p. v., and sla., Halifax co., N. Car.: on S. "W. 
bank of Roanoke r, 70 m. N. E. Raleigh. The Roanoke 
here baa a great fall, but is naviirable for vessels of 75 
tons. A canal around the falls, \2 ni. long, with lockage of 
100 feet, extends navigjition to Staunton r., al>out*.;00m. The 
"Wilmington and Wcldon R. R (from Wilmington 1(}2 ra.), 
here connects with Petersburg K. K., 64 m. long.. Sea-board 
and Roanoke R. R. to Portsmouth, 80 m., and Gaston and 
Wcldon R. R. The v. has a good site, and possesses con- 
siderable trade. The " Weldon Herald" (whig) is issued 
weekly. Pop. about 600. 

Weld's La,ndcjo, p. c, Dubuque co., Ta, : on S. W. 
bank of Mississippi r.. 72 m. N. E. by N. Iowa City. 

WfiLftuKN, p. v., and cap. Coffee co.. Ala. : SI m. S. S. E. 
Montgomery. It contains the ccunty buildings. 

Wellbobn's Mills, p. o., Houston co., Ga. : on S. aide of 
branch of Ocmulgce r., 42 ra. S. W. by S. Milledgeville. 

Welleksbuko, p. v., Somerset co., Petm. : luS m.W. S.W. 
Harrisburg. 

Wellervtlle, p. o., Crawford county, Ohio: 60 ni. N. 
Columbus. 

Wellfleet, t and p. v., Bamst:ible co., Mans.: 5S m. 
S. E. by E. Boston. The t, extends across Cape Cod, and 
has a sandy soil. Wellfleet bay, upon which the v. is sit- 
uated, affords good harborage. The v. employs considerable 
shippini; in the fisheries and coasting trade, and is largely 
engaged in the manufacture of salt. Pop. of t. 2.411. 

Welllngton, L and p. o., Piscataquis co., Me.: 53 m. 
N. by E. Augusta. Pop. 600. 

Wellington, p. v., Lafayette co., Mo.: on S. bank of 
Missouri r., 106 m. W. N. W. Jefferson City. 

Wellington, p. o., Morgan co., 6a. : 42 ra. N. by W. 
Milled Seville. 

Wellin'jton, t., p. T., and sta., Lorain co., Ohio: 89 m. 
N. N. E. Columbus. Drained by W. branch of Black r. 
The Cincinnati, Cleveland, and Columbus R. R. passes 
through, 36 m. from CloveUml, 99 m. from Columbus, and 
219 m. from Cincinnati. Pop. of t. in 1S4'1, 7«1 ; in 1S50, 
1,556. 

Wkllingtok, p. 0., Lake co., HI.: 190 m. N. E, by N. 
Springfield. 



Welij> county, Jnd. Situate N. E. middle, and contains 
372 sq. m. Drained by Up|)er Wabash and Salamonie 
rivers. Surface level, or geiiily uniiiilaiing, well timbered, 
and the soil utiiveraally tjood. Tlierc are ^ome wet prairies 
and marshes. Farms C4'J ; manuf. 14; dwell. I,(i21, and 
pop.— wli. 6.141, fr. eol. U— tolal G.152. OtpiUil : Biufl^on- 
PnhUc Works : Kurt Wayne and Southern U. R. 

Wi-LLs, t., p. v., and sla., York co., Me.: SI m. S. S. W. 
Augusta. Soil inferior and marshy. Drained by small 
sireams Ilowini: into the Atlantic Ocean. The harbor of the 
V. admits small vessels, of which a considerable number are 
erajiloycd in [he coxslinii; trade. The t. coniains numerous 
mdls, with several taimeries. The Portland, Suco, and 
I'orismouih R. R. passes through the L, 2s miles from Port- 
land, and 23 m. from Portsmouth. Pop. of U 2,945. 

\V ELLS, t. and p. o., Hamilton co., N. Y. : 69 m. N. N. W. 
Albany. Surtaee diversified. Drained by Sacaudaga r. 
Pop. about 400. 

Wells, t and p. v., Rutland co., Vei-in. : 67 m. 3. S. W. 
Montpelier. Surface of t. diversitit'd, containing Lake Aus- 
tin, extending nearly through the t. Irom Foultney centrally 
S., the outlet of which flowing into Pacolet r, affords water- 
power. The V. is situaled on this outlet. Pop. oft. 804. 

Well's island, Jefferson co., N. Y.: is one of the largest 
of the Thousand Islands, in the St. Lawrence river. It ia 
attached to the t. of Clayton, and is of note, from the burn- 
ing of the steamer Sir Robert Peel in the vicinity, during 
the Canadian Rebellion. 

Weli-s river. Verm.: is an important mill-stream, flowing 
from Lung Pond, in Groton, S. E. to its entrance into the 
Coimecliout at Wells River village. 

Welusboho', p. b., and cap., Tioga co., Penn. : 102 m. 
N. by W. Harrisburg. Itcontains a courl-house, jail, stores, 
etc., and an academy. A plank road extends hence to 
Tioga. The •' Wellaboro' Advertiser" (whig) is here pub- 
lished. Pop. 620. 

Weli^burg, p. o., St. Charles co., Mo.: 7S m. E. by N. 
Jefferson City. 

AVeli-sbukg, p. o, and sta., Chemung co., JV". Y. : on Erie 
R. R., 276 m. from New York, 193 m. from Dunkirk, and 
162ra. W. S. W. Albany. 

Wellsbcrg, p. V. and cap. Brooke co., Virff. ; on the 
E. side of Ohio r.. at the niouih of Buffalo cr., 250 m. N. W. 
Richmond. It has an elevated and beautiful situation, and 
was laid out in 17S9. It contains tlie ctiuiily buildings, 5 
churches, 3 seminaries, and 1 bank, capital |lls,0()0. It 
h.as very extensive trade with the river towns and New Or- 
leans. Its principal raamifaclures are earthen and stone 
ware, glass and flour. The "Millennial IlarluuKer," and 
" Wellsl'urg H<-rald" (iudep.). are issued weekly. In the 
vicinity are great bods of bituminous coal. Pop. about2,200. 

Well's Cokneb, p. o., Orange co., A^. Y. : 9G m. S. S. W. 
Albany. 

Well's Corners, p. o., Erie co., PenJi. : 195 m. N. W. by 
W. Harrisburg. 

Welt.soot, p. o., Union county, Ga. : 137 m. N. by W. 
Milicdneville. 

Well's DkpAt.p. o. and sla., York co., J^. ; on Portland, 
Saco, and Pnrlsniouth R. R.. 2S m. from Portland, 23 in. 
fntm Portamnulh, s.'i m. S. S. W. Augusta. 

Well's Mills, p. o., Appano<jse co., Ia. : on E. side of 
Charit(m r.. 90 m. S. W. Iowa City. 

Well's Rivrn, p. v. and slsi., Orange co,, Vertn.: on W. 
side of Connecticut r.. at llie mouth of Wells r., 26 m. E. S. E- 
Montpe'ier. It is surroun<lcd by very high hills, preventing 
any great growth ; but it is a place of nmch business. The 
Connecticut and Passumpsic Rivera R. R. passes through, 
40 m. from White river junction, 31 m. from South Johns- 
bury. The Boston, Concord, and Monlreal R. R. will here 
crow the Connecticut. The vilLnge contains one bank, cap. 
^75,<'0'), iind Uiifi some manufactures. 

WELI.6VILLB, p. v., Alleghany co., y. Y. : 227 m. W. by B. 
Albany. 

91T 



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"WsLLSViLLE. p. V. ami 8ta., Cnlumbiana co., Ohio: on 
"W. bank of Ohio river, 12G m. E. N. E. Columbus. It was 
laid oul in ls24 by William Wells. It has very extensive 
trade with river lowns and with the interior. The Cleve- 
land and Pittsl'urg R. K. here connects by steamboat to 
Piltshiirg with the- other or railroad portion of the ruute, to 
Clevehiijii, UIO ni. An extension of the railroad to Wheel- 
ing is now in progress. r<»p. in 1S40, 759 ; in 1650, 1,549. 

Wellsville, p. o., Newberry district, .S Car.: 47 miles 
W. N. W. Columbia. 

Wi:LsnFiELu, p. 0., Geauga county, Ohio: 130 m. N. E. 
Columbus. 

Welsh Eun, p. o., Franklin co., Penn.: 35 m. W. S. W. 
Harriaburg. 

W EN DE station, Erie co., N. Y. : on Buffalo and Kocheater 
E. R., IS m. from Buffalo, 60 m. from Rochester. 

Wendell, t, p. v.. and sla., Franklin co., Jfiiss.: 6S m. 
W. by N. Boston. Bounded N. by Miller's r.. which affords 
water-power. The v., situate centrally, is neatly built. The 
Vermont and Massachusetts li. R. passes through its N. part. 
Pop. of U 920. 

W^ENDELL DepOt, p. o. and sta., Franklin co., J/f/.s.^. : on 
Vermont and Massachusetts R. E., 40 m. from Fitchburg, 
29 m. from Brattleboro', 69 m, W. by N. Boston. 

Weniiam, t, p. v., and sla., Essex co., Mass. : on Eastern 
E. R.,'20m. N. N. E.Boston. Surface pleasantly diversified. 
Wenbam Pond, about 1 m. sq., is a beautiful sheet of water, 
noted lor its transijarency ; it abounds with fish, and in win- 
ter ^'reat quantities of ice are here cut for market. Pop. of 
1977. 

Wentworth, t., p. v., and sta., Grafton co., 2r. Ramp.: 
4S m. N. N. W. Concord. The L is drained by Baker river, 
which affords water-power to several mills and factories. 
The Boslon, Concord, and Montreal E. R. passes through 
the v.. 67 m. from Concord. Pop. of t. 1,197. 

Wemwortu, p. o., Lake co., III. : 192 m. N. E. by N. 
Sprini;field. 

Wentworth, p. v., and cap. Eockingham co., i\^ Car.: 
on E. side of small branch of Dan r., 76 ni. N. W. by W. 
Ealeigh. It contains the county buildings. Population 
about 120. 

Wentworth's Location, p. o., Coos county, N'. Hamp. : 
117 m. N. Concord. 

Wescostille, p. o., Lehigh co., Penn.: 70 m. E. N. E. 
Harrishurg. 

Weslky. p. o., Fulton co., Ind. : 85 m. N. Indianapolis. 

Wesley, p. o., Monroe co., Miss. : on E. side of Tombig- 
bee r., 142 m. N. E. Jackson. 

Wesley, p. o., Hickman county, JCy.: 125 m. W. S. W. 
Frankfort, 

Wesley, t and p. o., Washington CO., Me. : 114 m. E. N. E. 
Augusta. Pop. of t. 329. 

Wesley, p. o., Venango co., Pe7i7i. : 16S m. W. N. W. of 
Harrisburg. 

Wesley, t. and p. v., Washington co., Ohio: 47 m. E. S. E. 
Colurnbus. Surface of t. rolling. Drained by small streams 
flowing into Ohio r. Pop. of I. 1.561. 

Wesley, p. v., Haywood county, Term, : 3 m. S. of Big 
Hatchee r., 150 m. W. S. W. Nashville. 

Wesley City, p. o., Tazewell county, III.: on E. side of 
Llinois r., 56 m. N. Springfield. 

We; ..ky Chapel, p. o., Tippecanoe county, Ind.: 54 m. 
N. W. Indianapolis. 

Wesleyville, p. v., Erie co., Perm. : 200 m. N. W. by W. 
Harrisburg. 

Weso]iulqa, p. o., Randolph co., jila.: S8 m. N. E. byN. 
MontgMmery. 

West river, Windham county. Vet*m. : an excellent mill- 
stream rises in Weston, flows in general course S. S. E., and 
empties into the Connecticut river in N. E. part of Brat^ 
tleboro'. 

West river, Anne Arundel co., Md.: & large estuary of 
Chesapeake bay, in S. part of the county. 
91S 



West Acton, p. v. and sta., Middlesex co., Mass. : on 
Fitchburg R. R., 27 m. from Boston. 

West Addison, p. o., Steuben county, 2^. Y.: 190 m. 
W. by S. Albany. 

West Albuko, p. o. and sta.. Grand Isle co., Ver7n. : 63 
m. N. W. Moutpelier. The Vermont Central R. R. passes 
through, 1 mile E. Rouse's Point and 156^ miles from 
Windsor. 

West Alesakdbia, p. v., Washington co., Penn.: near 
the Ohio State lino, 182 m. W. Harriaburg. The Hempfleld 
E. R. will pass near it. 

West Alexandria, p. v., Preble CO., Ohio : on W. side 
of Twin er. of Miami r., SO ni. W. by S. Columbus. 

West Almond, t. and p. o., Alleghany co.,A'^ }'.; 213 m, 
W. by S. Albany. Surface hilly. Drained by branches of 
Genesee r. Pop. 976. 

West Alton, p. v., Belknap co,, K. Ilnmp. : on W. shore 
of Winnipiaeogee lake, 23 m, N. E. by N. Concord. 

West Ajuesbuhy. p. o., Essex county, Mass.: 35 m. N. 
Boston. 

West Andoveb, p. v. and sta., Merrimac co., N. Eamp, : 
on Northern E. R., 33 m. from Concord. 

West Andover, p. o., Ashtabula co., Ohio: 162 m, N. E, 
Columbus. 

West Anson, p. c, Somerset co., Me. : 86 m. N. N. W. 
Augusta. 

Wist Arlington, p. o., Bennington co., Verm.: 8S m- 
S. S. W. Montpelier. 

West Ashford, p. o., Windham Co., Corm. : 28 m. E. N. E. 
Hartford. 

West Aitrcrn, p. o., Susquehanna co., Perm.: 100 m. 
N. N. E. Ilarrisburg. 

West Aurora, p. o., Erie co., iV". Y.: 253 m. W. Albany. 

West Avon, p. o,, Hartford county, Conn,: lOJ m. W. 
Hartford. 

West Bainbridge, p. c, Chenango co., J^T. Y.: 82 m. 
W\ S. W. Albany. 

West Baldwin, p. o., Cumberland co.. Me. : on E. aide 
of Saco r.. 03 m. S. W. by W. Augusta. 

West Baltimore, p. o., Montgomery cc., Ohio: 66 m. 
W. by S. Columbus. 

West Barnstable, p. v,, Barnstable co., Mass. : 64 m. 
9. E. by S. Boston. 

West Barre, p. o., Huntingdon county, Penn. : S3 m. 
W. N. W. Ilarrisburg. 

WF.ST Babre, p. o., Fulton co., Ohio: 123 m. N. N. W. 
Columbus. 

West Batr, t. and p. o., Lincoln county. Me. ) 27 m. 8. 
Augusta. Pop. 560. 

West Beaver, p. o., Columbiana county, Ohio. : 123 m. 
E. N. E. C«)Iumbus. 

West Beoket, p. o., Berkshire co., Mass. : 104 m. W. 
Boston. 

West Bedford, p. o., Coshocton county, Ohio : 67 ra. 
N. E. by E. Columbus. 

West Bend, t., p. v., and capital of Washington county, 
Wi/^c: 63 m. E. N. E. Madison. Drained by Milwaukie 
r. and branches. The v. contains a court-house, jail, etc. 
Pop. of t. 072. 

Wf^t Brroen, p. o. and sLi.. Genesee co., IT. Y. : on Buf- 
falo and Rochester li. R., 22 rn. firom Rochester, 46 m. from 
Buffalo, 224 m. W. by N. Albany. 

We5T Behksuirk, p. o., Franklin county, Verm. ; 50 m. 
N. N. W. Montpelier. 

West Berlin, p. o., St. Clair co., Mich. : 82 m. E. by N. 
Lansing. 

West Berlin, p. o., Rensselaer co., 2i\ Y.: IS m. E. 
Albany. 

West Bethany, p. o., Genesee eo., 2^. Y. : 232 m. W. 
Albany. 

West Bethel, p. v. and sla., Oxford ca. Me. : on E. side 
of Androscoggin r. M m. W. Augusta. The AtUiniic and 
St. Lawrence E. R. passes through, 74 m. from Portlaud. 



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"West Bloomfield. t. and p, v.. Oakland co., jrich. : 00 in. 
E. by S. Lansing. Pop. of t. 1,0S5. 

West Bi.ooMFnci,n, p. v., Essex county, K. Jer. : 4S m. 
N. E. by N. Trenion. It contains several stores, de. Shoe- 
making is carried on extensively. 

Wert Bloomfield. t. nnd p. v., Ontario co.. 2^. Y. : igs 
miles W. Albany. Surfai-e of t somewhat hilly; drained 
l>y Iloneoyo or., wlii.-h .iffords water-power. The v. has an 
elevated site, and eontaiiis 3 cluirches, with stores, etc. The 
Canandaigua and Niagara Fails E. K. passes through it. 
Pop. of 1. 1.69S. 

West Bolton, p. o., Chittenden county, Venn. : IS m. 
N. "W. liy W. Monlpflier. 

Wbstboro', t., p. v., and sta., Worcester co., .1/iw.s. ; 29 
m. W. by S. Boston. Surface pleasantly iliversifled, and 
containing several ponds; soil fertile. Drained by branches 
cfSudbury and Concord rivers, whieh afford wuter-powcr. 
The Btiston and Worcester K. U. pa^'^es through S. part of 
t, 32 m. from Boston. 13 m. from Worcester. In this t. is 
located the State Reform School for boys, which generally 
contains about 300 inmates. Pop. oft. 2.376. 

Westboro', p. o., Clinton county, Ok/'o : 54 ra. 3. W. 
Columbus. 

West EosrAWEN, p. o., Merrimac co., jV. /Tamp. : 12 m. 
N. W. Concord. 

West Boxfobd, p. o., Esssx co., Masn, : 24 m. N. Boston. 

West Botlstox, t, p. v., and sta., Worcester co., Mtis*. : 
86 ra. W. Boston. Drained by branches of N;ishua r., which 
afford water-power to various factories. The Worcester and 
Nashua II. K. passes through tlie v., 9 m. from Worcester, 
80 m. from Nashua. Pop. uf t. 1,749. 

West Bbainthee, p. o.. Orange county, Verm.: 22 m. 
W. by S. Monlpelier. 

West Branch, p. o., Oneida co., 2^, Y, : on branch of 
Mohawk r., 10-2 m. W. X. W. Albany. 

West Beattleboro', p. v. Windham co., Venn.: 102 m. 
6. Monlpelier. 

West Beewsteh, p. o., Barnstable co., Mass. : 63 m. S. E. 
Boston. 

West Britigewater, t, and p. v., Plymouth co., JAm.^. ; 
24 m. S. Boston. Surface level : drained by a large branch 
of Taunton r., which affords water-powi-r. The Fall River 
S. R. touches its E. border. Pop, of t. 1,447. 

West Brook, t.. p. v., and sta., Middlesex co.. Conn.: 36 
m. S. by K. Hartford. Bounded S. by Long Island Sound. 
The New Haven and New London R. E. passes through, 
26 m. from New Haven, 24 m. from New London. Popu- 
lation oft. 1.'203. 

West Brook, p. o., Bladen co., iV. Car. : on W. side of 
Cape Fear r., S3 m. S. by E. R.ileigb. 

West Brookfifld, t., p. v., and sta., Worcester co. Mdss. : 
57 ra. W. by S. Boston. Surface pleasantly diversifle'i. and 
contains a handsome pond. The Western K. R. passes 
through the S. part of t., 25 m. from Worcester, 69 m. from 
Boston. Pop. of L l,:i44. 

West Bkocjkfield, p. o., Stark county, Ohio: 100 miles 
N. E. by E. Columbus. 

Wf-st Beookville, p. T., Hancock co., Me. : 52 m. E. 
Augusta. 

West Brookvllle, p. v., Sullivan co., A'i Y. : 84 m. S. S.W. 
Albany. 

West Brownsville, p. v., Washington co., Penn. : 175 
m. W. Harrisburg. Pop. 477. 

West Buckfield, p. o., Oxford co., Me. : S2 m. W. by S. 
Augusta. 

West Butfalo. p. o., Scott co., la. : on W. side Missia- 
Bippi r., 41 m. E. S. E. Iowa City. 

West Bueungton, p. o., Otaego co., K. Y. : 74 m. W. 
Albany. 

Wkst Bdt.lixgton, p. 0., Bradford co., Penn. : 102 m. N. 
Harrisburg. 

Westbubt, p. c, Wayne co., 2T. Y. : 160 m. W. by N. 
Albany. 



W]:sT EuTLEK, p. o., Waj-ne co., N'. Y.: 163 m. W. by N. 
Albany. 

West Btxton, p. o., York county. Me. : 63 m. S. W. 
Augusta. 

West Cambrtdge, t., p. v., and sta., Midd]e3ex co,, Mass. i 
G m N. W. Bi'Slon. Surface in S. E. part U-vel, low, and 
somewhat marshy; in the middle more elevated and dry; 
in N. W. pari broken and rocky. It contains Spy and Little 
ponds with part of Fresh Pond, whirh are very beautiful 
sheets of water, abounding with t!sh, and furni?;hing great 
quantities of ire for Boston market and exportation. Soil 
fertile and highly cultivated. Great quaniilies of garden 
vegetables and fruit are raised for the Boston markets. 
M;tnufaoturing establislirnents are not numerous. Many 
persons here residing transact their daily business in Bos- 
ton, to which trains run hourly, over the Fttehbnrg R. R. 
The Lexington and West Cambridge Braneh R. R extends 
hence to Lexington v., 5 m. This t. and vicinity are of 
much historical interest. The valuation of properly in this 
I., in IMO, was $472,423 ; in 1S50, $1,671,644. Pop. of t. in 
1S40, l,.3t;3; in 1850,2,202. 

Wevt Camden, p. o., Waldo county, Me.: S9 m. E. S. E. 
Augusta. 

West Camden, p. o. and sta., Oneida co., 2^. Y.: on 
Walertown and Rome R. R., 23 m. from Rome, 120 m. 
W. N. W. Albany. 

West Caaieron, p. o., Steuben co., 2i. Y. : 196 m. W. by S. 
Albany. 

West Camp, p. v., Ulster co., 2i. Y. : on W. side of Hud- 
son r., -SS m. S. by W. Albany. 

West Ca.mpton, p. o., Grafton county, N. Ilamp. : 43 m. 
N. by W. Concord. 

West Canada creek, K Y. : rises in Hamilton co., flows 
S. W., S. E., and S.. and empties into Mohawk r.. 1 ul below 
Herkimer v. It has a very rapid current, aff'>riling great 
water-power. 1(3 principal descent is at Trenton Falls, 
2fl m. above its mouth, where it has a descent of more than 
.300 feet in 4 miles. 

Wf«t Canaan, p. o. and sta., Graflon co., K ITamp. : 
on Northern R. R., 56 ra. from Concord, 13 m. from W. 
Lebanon. 

West Candor, p. o., Tioga co.. A'. Y. : 14'j m. W. by S. 
Albany. 

West Carlisle, p. v., Coshocton co., Ohio : 85 m. EJ^'.E. 
Columbus. 

AVF.--T Carlton, p. o., Orleans county, y. Y.: 240 m. 
W. by N. Albany. 

WestCayl'ta, p. o., Chemung CO., A^. i* ; 153m.W. byS. 
Albany. 

West Charleston, p. o., Penobscot county. Me.: 64 m. 
N. E. Augusta. 

Wkst CuAitLE-sToN, p. v., Miarai co., Ohio: ."53 m. W. 
Cidumbns. 

West Charleston, p. v., Orleans co., Venn. : on N. side 
of Clyde r., 50 m. N. N. E. Montpelier. 

WtsT Charlton, p. v., Saratoga county, iV. K; 24 m. 
N. W. by N. Alh.iny. 

West Chazv, p. v., and sta., Clinton co., y. Y. : on Platta* 
burg and M<'nlreal R. It., 10 m. from PlattAburg. 52 nu from 
Mcmireal, 152 m. N. Albany. It contains a cliurch, stores,- 
etc., and several mills on Little Chazy r. 

Wh^t CiiKLMsFouD, p. V., Middlesex oo., Mtifis.: 23 m. 
N. W. Boston. 

Westciu:stkk county, X, Y. Situate S. E., and contaifl* 
470 sq. m. Draineii by Cri)lon, Sawmill, and Bronx rivciH^. 
whii'Ii supply good waler. Surface generally hilly,, tj©»«ff 
broken by nunu-rous ridges, runidng oliiefly from S. W'j to 
N. K. ; soil naturally indilferenl, but where cultivated ia-pro- 
diielive. Good crops of corn are raised, and fruit* and 
vegetables in considerable (juantity. These, with wheatand 
Indian corn, form the staple productions. This eounly, is. 
rich in minerals. At Sing-Sing marble is found iiv abund- 
ance, and in the vicinity is a copper mine formerly w.r;jugtit^ 

919> 



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but forsome lime abandoned. Itcont;iinaCroton lake, which. 
by means of an aqueduct, supplies New York with a con- 
stancy of fresh walyr. Farms 2,5S7 ; mantif. :39(J ; dwell. 
8,754, and pop.— wh. 56.217, fr. col. 2,04G~tol!il 5s,2i:3. Cap- 
itals : Bedlbrd and "Wliite Plains. I'lihlicWorks : Huds<m 
River R. K. ; Hartem K. K.; New York and New Haven 
B. E. ; Croton Aqueduct, 

"Wesicukster. p. v.. New London county. Conn. : 20 m. 
S. E. by S. Hartford. It contains a church, academy, several 
stores, etc, 

WjcsTcnESTER, t. aud p. v., Westchester co., IT. Y. : 123 m. 
S. Albany. Rounded E. and S. by East r., and W. by Bronx 
r. Surfact' pleasantly diversified ; .soil elay loam, and highly 
cultivated, i)n)dueing immense qnantitics of garden vege- 
tables, etc., for the New York markets. The v., on West- 
chester cr., 12 m. from the City Hall. New York, contains 
3 cliurches, st^ires, etc., and about 500 inhabitants. Sloops 
ply hence to New York. Pop. of t. 2.49.'. 

WESTCHESTEit, p. V., Butlcr CO., Ohio: 64 m. S. W. by W. 
Columbus. 

Westcuester, p. b., and cap. Chester co., Penn. : 70 m. 
E. by S. Harrisburg. It is regularly laid out with streets, 
crossing each other at right angles. Incorporated as a 
borough in 1799. It contains the county Imildings. 2 market- 
houses, 1 bank, capital $225.(100, and 6 churciies. It has 
considerable trade and raanufaclures, and is connected by 
a branch of the Columbia R. R., with Philadelphia. A 
direct railroad to Philadelphia is also being constructed. 
Its citizens are noted for enterprise and intelligence, 
and have several literary associations. Five weekly 
newspapers were published in 1850— "Village Record" 
(whig), *' Register and Examiner" (whig), "Republican" 
(dem.), " JelTersonian''" (dem.), and " Phtcnix Ledger*' (dem.) 
Pop. about 2,500. 

West Chesteefield, p. o., Hampshire co., Mass. : 92 m. 
W. Boston. 

WtST Claremont, p. v., Sullivan co,, iV! Hatnp. : 41 m. 
W. by N. Concord. 

West Clarksvillb, p. v., Alleghany co., K Y. : 242 m. 
W. l)y S. Albany. 

West Climax, p. c, Kalamazoo co., Midi. : 55 m. 8. W. 
Lansing. 

West Colesvillk, p. v., Broome county, N. Y. : 92 m. 
W. S. W. Alhany. 

West Columbia, p. v., Mason co., VivQ. : 263 m. W.N.W. 
Richmond. 

We-st Concord, p. v., Erie county, 2^. Y. : 262 miles W. 
Albany. 

West Concorp, p. v. and sta., Merrimac co., K. ITiunp. : 
on Northern R. R., 3 m. W. N. W. Concord. It contains a 
cotton factory, carriage manufactory, etc. The Merrimac 
and Connecticut Rivers R. R. passes through the place. 

Wi-ST Concord, p. v., Essex co., Veiiii. : 36 m. E. by N. 
Montpelier. 

West Conesds, p. v., Livingston co., K. Y. : 208 m. W. 
Albany. 

West Constable, p. o., Franklin county, 2^. Y. : 162 m. 
W. I.y N. Albany. 

West Cornwall, p. v. and sta-, Litchfield co.. Conn: on 
E. 8i<le of llousalouic r., 36 m. W. by N. Hartford. The 
Housalonic R. R. passes through, 61 m. from Bridgeport. 
49 ni. from Piltsfield. It contains a church and several 
manufacturing esUiblishments. 

West Cornwall, p. o., Addison county, Verm. : 36 m. 
8. W. by W. Montpelier. 

West Creek, p. o.. Lake county, lud.: 63 m. N. N. W. 
Indianapolis. 

West Creek, p. o., Ocean county, A'. Jei\: 84 m. S. E. 
Trenton. 

West Cumberland, p. o., Cumberland CO., Me.: 43 m. 
B. W. by S. AuKusta. 

West Danby, p. v., Tompkins CO., A^ Y. : 144 m. W. by 
S. Albany. 

920 ' 



West Danvers. sta., Essex co., Mir.^s.: on Salem and 
Lowell R. I£., 6 m. from Salem, IS m. from Lowell. 

West DAN\^LLE, p. v., Cumberland co., Me. : 31 m. S.W. 
Augusta. 

West Davenport, p. v., Delaware co., IT. Y.: 62 m. W. 
by S. Albany. 

West Day. p, o., Saratoga co., AT. Y.: on Sacandaga r., 
44 m. N. N. W. Albany. 

West Dediiam. p. v. and sta., Norfolk county, Mass. : on 
Norf-.lk County E. R., 12 m. S. W. from Boston, 23i m. 
from Blackstone. 

West Dekrfield. p. v., Rockingham co., I^. Hamp.: 
13 m. S. E. by E. Concord. 

West I)enni8, p. o., Barnstable co., Mass. : 63 m. S. E. 
Boston. 

West Derby, p. v., Orleans co., Terwi. ; 53 m. N. N. E. 
Montpelier. 

West Dover, p. v., Windham county, Term.: 77 m. S. 
Montpelier. 

West Dover, p. o., Piscataquis co., Me. : 65 m. N. E. by 
N. Augusta. 
West Dresdek, p. o., Yates co., K. Y. : 176 m.W. Albany. 
West Dryden, p. v., Tompkins co., JV. Y. : 140 m. W. 
Albany. 

West Durlin, p. v., Fulton co., Penn. : 63 m. W. by 9, 
Harrisburg. 

West Dumsiekston, p. v., Windham co., Venn.: 80 m. 
S. Montpelier. 

West Dukuam, p. o., Cumberland co., Me. : 82 m. S, W. 
by S. Augusta. 

West Duxbuet, p. v., Plymouth co., Mam. : 86 m. S. E. 
Boston. 

West EnifESTOx, p. v.. Otsego co., N. Y. : on E. aide Of 
ITnadilla r., 80 m. W. Albany. 

West Elizabeth, p. v., Alleghany county, Penn. : on W, 
side Monongahela r, 155 m. W. Harrisburg. 

West Elkton, p. o., Preble co., Ohio : S6 m. W. by 3. 
Columbus, 

West Elleky, p. o., Chautauque co., JV; Y. : 297 m. W. 
by S. Albany. 

WicsT Ely, p. o., Marion county. Mo. : S5 m. N. N. E. of 
Jefferson City. 

West EiiuEN, p. v., Somerset co., Me.: 44 m. N. by W. 
Augusta. 

WesT End, p, o., Bedford co., Penn.: 84 m. W. by 8. of 
Harrisburg. 

West EInfield, p. o., Grafton county, X. namj>.: 89 m. 
N. W. Concord. 

WtST Enfield, p. o., Penobscot co.. Me. : 72 ra. N. E. of 
Augusta. 

West Enosburg, p. v., Franklin co., Venn. : 54 m. W. 
by N. Montpelier. 

Westerloo, L and p. v., Albany co., IT. Y. : 17 m. S. W. 
Albany. Drained by Provost cr. and other branches of 
Calskill r. The L contains several grist and saw mills, but 
the inhabitants are generally engaged in farming, etc. 
Pop. 2,860. 

Westerloo island, Albany co., N. Y.: lies in the Hud- 
son r., in Alhany co., opposite Bethlehem, to which i. it is 
attached. It is 2 ra. long, J ra. wide, and of extraordinary 
fertility. 

Wf:sTEBLY,t.,p. v.,and sta., Washington co., U. L: 26 ra. 
W. by S. Newporl. Bounded S. by the Atlantic and W. by 
ConnecticuL Pawtucket r. flows on its N. and W. border, 
afi"ording watcr-powir to numerous mills and factories. Tho 
t. has an uneven surface, and contains several stores, 8 
churches, and 3 batiks, capital $325,000. It ha.s consider- 
able coasting trade and ship-building. The Stonington and 
Providence R. R. passes through it, 5 ui. from Stonington, 
45 m. from Providence. Pop. of t in 1S40, 1,912 ; in 1S50, 
2,766. 

Wf^terman's Mills, p. o., Baltimore co., Md, ; on Bal- 
timore and Susquehanna B. B., 13 m. fh)m Baltimore. 



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Western Fokd, p. o., KanJoIph co., Viiy. : on W. side 
of Clit-at r., 163 m. N. W. Itichmouil. 

■VVasTEBSPoitT, p. v., Alleghany CO., 3f'f. : on N. si'Ie 
Potomac r, 135 m. "W. by N. Annapolis. II is conncrled liy 
railroad with the coal mines, and will become an important 
place of iiep()sil. 

Westecs rKoNC, p. o., Bladen Co., N. Car, : about 2 m. 
W. White Marsh cr., 84 m. S. Raleigh. 

Westeen Sak.itoua, p. o.. Union co.. III. : 1(32 m. S. by E. 
Spriniifield. 

"Westeen Stab. p. 0., Summit county, Oliio: 96 m. N. E. 
Columbus. 

"Wksternville, p. v., Oneida co., 3''. }'. .• on Mohawk r. 
and Black Kiver Canal, SO m. W. N. W. Albany. It con- 
tains 2 churches, several stores, ami mills. Pop. about 300. 

Westeenville, p. v., Franklin co., Ohio : 12 m. Columbus. 

West Exetej:, p. o., Otsego Co., X. Y. : 70 m. W. by N. 
Albany. 

West Fairfield, p. v., Westmoreland Co., Penn, : on a 
small branch of Conemaugh r., 115 m. W. Ilarrisburg. In 
the vicinity is a charcoal hot-blast furnace, with annual ca- 
pacity of 1,800 tons, employing SO men; also a charcoal 
coal-blast furnace, with annual capacity of 1,10(1 tons, em- 
ploying 40 men. 

West Kaiiilee, t and p. v.. Orange Co., Verm.: 2S m. 
S. E. Montpelier. Surface mountainous. Drained by 
branches of Onipompanoosuc r. Pop. GOO. 

West FALiii, p. o., Erie Co., ST. Y. : 264 m. W. Albany. 

West Falmoi-tu, p. v., Cumberland county, Jfe ; 4S m. 
B. W. by S. Augusta. 

West FALMOCTn, p. v., Barnstable county, JA(.s.<. ; 63 m. 
8. 8. E. Boston. 

West Fabmington, p. o., Ontario county, y. Y. : 169 m. 
W. by N. Albany. 

West Fabms. t. and p. v., Westchester Co., X. Y. : 126 m. 
8. Albany. The t. is bomided E. by Bronx r. and W. by 
Harlem r.. and contains several pleasant villages on the 
Harlem R. R. The v. on Bronx r. conlains 4 churches and 
several factories. Several sloops ply to New York, convey- 
ing country produce to the city markets. Pop. of I. 4,4'!6. 

West Fayette, p. o., Seneca co., Jf. Y. : 165 m. W. by N. 
Albany. 

Westfield, p. o., Clark Co., III. : 90 m. E. by S. Springfield. 

Westfieed, p. o., Hamilton county, Ind. : 18 miles N. 
Indianapolis. 

Westeield, t, p. v., and sla., Hampden CO., 3fass. : 74 m. 
W. by S. Boston. Surface diversified. Drained by West- 
field r. and its branch, I.illle r., which afford water-power 
to numerous manufactories. The v. is handsomely situated 
on a plain, and is neatly built. In the centre is a public 
ground, fronting which are the principal churches and ho- 
tels. The V. contains a town-house. State normal schrMiI, 
an academy, several churches, and 2 banks, capital $200,000. 
The Western U. R. passes through it, 9 m. from Springfield, 
64 m. from Worcester, 108 m. from Boston, and 02 m. from 
Albany. The'- News-Letter" (whig) and " Standard" (dem.) 
are issued weekly. Pop. of t. in 1840, 8,526 ; in 1S60, 4,156. 

Westfield, t., p. v., and sta., Essex co., X. Jer.: 36 m. 
N. E. by N. Trenton. Surface in S. part level, in N. part 
hilly. The L contains several flouring and grist mills. The 
New Jersey Central It. R. passes through, 2:3 m. from New 
York, 55 m. from Easton. Pop. 1.575. 

Westfieli>, t., p. v.. and sta., Chautauque co., N. Y.: 806 
ro. W. by S. Albany. Surface hilly, declining tnwaril Lake 
Eric, which bounds it on the N. Drained by chaiilauque cr. 
and oUier streams. The v. on Chautauque cr, IJ m- f"'"^ 
the lake, contains several manufacturing establishinenl-s 
and mills, a bank, 4 churches, an academy, elc. and about 
1,000 inhabitants. The liuffalo and State Line R. K. pa8.«e» 
through it,.'.i in. from Butfalo. The " Westfiel.l Messenger" 
(whig) is here published. Pop. of t. 8.100. 

Westfield, L and p. v.. Morrow co.. fllnn : 31 m. N. 
Columbus. Drained by E. branch of Whetstone r. The 



Cleveland, Columbus, and Cincinnati R. R. passes through 
its E. part. Pop. of t. 1,414. 

Westfield. t. ami p. o., Tioga co., Penn.: on S. side of 
Cowaiiesque cr., 117 m. W. by N. Uarrisburg. Population 
of t. 1,000, 

Wf-stkiei.d, t. and p. o., Orleans county. Verm.: 41 ra. 
N. by E. Montpelier. Surface cliversifled. Drained by 
branches of Missisque r. Pop. 502. 

Westfielu, p. o., Marquette Co., Wise. : 60 m. N. by E. 
Madison. 

West Finlev. t. anil p. v., Washington co., Penn.: sur- 
face very hilly. Drained by branches of Wheeling er. The 
IIempHeld P.. K. will pass through its N. part. Population 
about 1,200. 

West Fitchbttrg, p. v. and sta., Worcester co., M<iifi. : 
on Vermont ami Massachusetts R. R., 2 m. W. by S. Fitch- 
burg. *! m. W. N. W. Boston. 

WtaT Floeesce, p. v., Preble co., Ohio: 93 m. W. by S. 
Columbus. 

Westfokp, p. v., Windham Co., Conn. : 29 m. E. N. E. 
Hartford. It contains 2 churches, stores, etc. 

Westfoeii, t., p. v., and sta., Middlesex co., J/</.w. .• 23 m. 
N. W. by W. Boston. Surface elevated. Drained by Stony 
r., which affords water-power. The v. near the centre con- 
lains 2 churches, an academy, stores, etc. The station on 
Stony Brook R. E., is 10 m. from GriiKm, 7 m. from Lowell. 
The t. contains several mills and manufacturing establish- 
ments. Pop. of t. 1 ,473. 

Westfobd, t. and p. 0., Otsego county, X. Y. : 53 m. W. 
Albany. The inhabitants are generally engaged in agri- 
cultural pursuits. Pop. 1,423. 

Wf-stfobd, t. and p. v., Chittenden Co., Veivn. : 31 m. 
N. W. Monlpelier. Drained by Brown's r., tributary to La- 
moille r., flowing through the t. centrally. Surface rough ; 
soil best adapted to grazing. Pop. of t. 1,46s. 

West Fork, p. o., Overton Co., Term. : So ra. E. by N. 
Nashville. 

West Fobt Ann, p. o., Washington CO., X. Y.: 55 m. 
N. by E. Albany. 

West Fowler, p. o., St. Lawrence county, Al Y. : on S. 
Oswcgatchie r., 144 m. N. W. by N. Albany. 

West Foxboeo', p. v., Norfolk CO., J/uM. ; 23 in. S. S. W. 
Boston. 

West Franklin, p. v., Posey co., Inet. : ISO m. S. W. 
by S. Indianapolis. 

WF.ST Fbanklin, p. V. Brailford co., Penn.: 90 m. N. 
Harrisburg. 

West Freedom, p. o., Waldo co., ife. : 26 m. N. E. by E. 
Augusta. 

Wf-st Freeman, p. o., Franklin county, Me. : 45 miles 
N. W. by N. Augusta. 

West Fulton, p. o., Schoharie co., A* Y. : 3G m. W. by 8. 
Albany. 

West Fulton, p. o., Itawamba county. Miss.: on E. side 
Tombigbee r., 163 m. N. E. by N. .Jackson. 

West Gaines, p. o., Orleans co., K. Y. : 240 ra. W. by N, 
Albany. 

West (Jalway, p. o., Fulton co., N. Y. : 40 m. N. W. 
Albany. 

West Gablakd, p. o., Penobscot CO., Me. : 61 m. N. E. 
by N. Augusta. 

West Cenesee, p. v., Alleghany county, N. Y. : 240 m. 
W. by S. Albany. 

West Gilcoa, p. o., Schoharie co., K. Y. : 42 m. W. S. W 
Albany. 

West Glazi^, p. o., Camden county. Mo. : 47 m. S. S. W. 
.Tefferson City. 

West Glenbubn, p. o., Penobscot co.. Me. : 6.3 ra. N. E. 
AngusUi. 

West Gloucesteb, p. 0., Curaberland co.. Me.: 30 m. 
S. W. Augusta. 

West Gobham, p. 7., Cumberland co., Me. : 57 m. 8. W. 
by S. Augusta. 

n\ 



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West Goshen, p. o., Litchfield co., Conn. : 31 m. W. by N. 
Hartford. 

West Gouldsboeo', p. v., Hancock co., Me.: 85 m, E. 
Augusta. 

West Granby, p. o., Tlarlf'Td co., Conn.: on N. side of 
branch of Farniinglim r., 19 m. N. W. by N. Hartford. 

West Gn.vsviLLE, p. o., Hampden county, Mass.: 99 ni. 
W. by t?. Boston. 

"West Great Works, p. c, Penobscot county, Me. : on 
Penobscot r., 73 m. N. W. by W. Augusta. 

West Greece, p. c, Monroe co., A'l I' ; 212 m. W. by N. 
Albany. 

West Greenfield, p. v., Saratoga county, A'] 3' : 33 m. 
N. by W. Albany. 

West Grkenville, t, and p. v., Mercer co., Penn. : 194 m. 
"W. N. W. Harrisburg. The L contains several mills. Poj). 
about 700. 

"West Greenwich, t. and p. v., Kent co., F. I. : 23 m. 
W. N. W. Newport. Drained by Wood r. and branches, 
and by S. brancli of Pawtiixet r., which afiltrd water-power 
to several large factorius of shcptings, colton-yarn, etc. ; and 
to numerous grist and saw mills. The v. contains a church, 
stores, etc. Pop. 1,350. 

West Greenwich Centre, p. v., Kent co., i?. il ; 24 m. 
W. N. W. Newpr.rL 

West Gbeenwood, p. o., Bleuben county, J^. Y.: 211 m. 
W. by 8. Albany. 

West Groton, p. v., Tompkins co., N. Y.: 139 m.W. Albany. 

West Geoton. p. v. and sla., Miiidlesex co,, 3fass. : on 
Peterboro' and Shirley R. K., 4 m. from Groton, 19 m. from 
Mason village; 31 m. N. W. by W. Boston. 

West Gkon-x, p. o., Chester co., fenn. : 60 m. E. by S. 
Harrisburg. 

West Hadley, p. o., Saratoga co., N'. Y. : 43 m. N. by W. 
Albany. 

West Halifax, p. o., Windham co., Ver77i.: 106 m. S. 
Montpeher. 

West Hampden, p. c, Penobscot county. Me. : 53 m. 
N. E. by E. Augusta. 

West Hampton, t. and p. o., Hampshire co., Ma/i.<s. : 
87 m. W. Boston. Surface rough ; drained by North r. and 
branch. Pop. 602. 

West Hanover, p. v., Dauphin co., Pe7jn. : 10 m. N. E. 
Harrisburg. Hi-re is a hot-blast charcoal furnace, with 
annual capacity of 2,215 tons, employing 100 men. 

West IIarpetu, p. o., Williamson co.. Tent}. : 14 m. S. W. 
Nashville. 

West IIarpswell, p. o., Cumberland co.. Me.: 37 m. 
S. by W. Augusta. 

West Hartford, p. v., Hartford co.. Conn. : 4 m. W. 
Hartford. 

West Hartford, p. v. and sta., Windsor co., Verm.: on 
N. E. bank of White r, 41 m. S. by E. Montpelier. The 
Vermont Central K. Pv. passes through. 21 m. from Wind- 
sor, 56 m. from Montpelier, and 136 m. from House's Point. 
The water-power at this place is partially improved, and 
the manufacture of woolens and leather is carried on to 
some extent. 

West IIaetland, p. v., Hartford co., Conn. : 22 m. N. W. 
Hartford. 

West Uaetland, p. o., Somerset co., Me. : 40 m. N. by E. 
Augusta. 

West Harwich, p. o., Barnstable co., Mass. : 6S m. S. E. 
Boston. 

West Havpjj. t and p. v., Rutland co., Verm. : 53 m. 
B. W. by S. Montpelier. Bounded W. by Lake Champlain, 
and S. by Poultney r. Drained by Hubbardton's r. and 
Cograan'9 cr., whicli afford mill privileges. Pop. 718. 

Wf-st Haven, p. v. and sta.. New Haven co., Comi. : on 
New York and New Haven K. E., 3 m. S. W. New Haven, 
and 73 m. from New York. 

West HAVERFtmn, p. c, Delaware co., Perm.: 83 m. 
E. by S. Harrisburg. 
932 



We-?tIIawlev, p. v., Franklin CO., Mass, : 97 m. W. byN. 
Boston. 

Wt3T Hebron, p. o., Washington co., A' 1' ; 40 m. N. N. E. 
Albany. 

Wkst irEnitoN, p. v., M'Henry co., HI. : 192 m. N. N. E. 
Springfl'ld. 

West IIenniker. sta., Merrimac co., A^ Hamp. : on Con- 
Inornok Valley It. K., 16 m. W. by S. Concord. 

WhJST Henhietta, p. o., Monroe county, K. Y. : 209 m, 
W. by N. Albany. 

West IIili^. p. o.. Suffolk CO., N. Y. : 132 m. S. by E. 
Albany, on Palis;tde bluff, IJ m. from Hoboken. 

West Hobokes, p. v., Hudson co., N. Jer. : ferry ^ m. 
N. N. W. from City Hall. New York : 54 m. N. E. Trenton. 
H has a fine site, and is a rapidly growing village. 

WF.ST HoPKTNTON. sla., Mcrriruac eo., A'. ITamp.: on 
Contoocook Valley P.. E.. 10 m. W. Concord, 

West Hurley, p. o., Ulster co., N. Y. : 75 m. S. by W. 
Albany. 

West Jefferson, p. o., Lincoln co., Me.: 16 m. S. E. 
Ausrusta. 

West Jefferson, p. v. and sta., Madison co., Ohio: on 
W. bank of Little Darby cr. and on Columbus and Xenia 
E. E., 14 m. W. by S. Coltmibus. Pop. 436. 

West Jersey, p. v.. Stark co., PI. : 90 m. N. Springfield. 

West Junius, p. o., Seneca co., A". Y.: 167 m. W. by N. 
Albany. 

West Kendall, p. v., Orleans co., y. Y. : 232 m. W. by N. 
Albany. 

West Kill, p. v., Greene county. A' Y.: 46 m. S. W. 
Albany. 

Wf-st Killtngly. p. T., Windham co,, Conn. : 42 m. E. 
Hartfttrd. It contains several factories and stores. Tho 
" True Democrat" is here published. 

West Kinpekiiook, p, v,, Tipton county, Jnrf. : 31 m. 
N. by E. Indianapolis. The Peru and Indianapolis E. E. 
passes 2 m, W. from it. 

West La Fayette, p, 0., Coshocton co., O^iio: 65 m. 
E. N. E. Columbus. 

Westland, p, V,, Halifax county. A'; Car.: 73 m, N. E. 
Raleigh. 

West Laurens, p. v., Otsogo county, KY.: 75 m.W. 
Albany. 

West Lebanon, p. v., Warren co., Ind. : 70 m. W. N.W. 
Indianapolis. 

West Lebanon, p. o.,York co., Me. : on E. side of Salmon 
river. 90 m. S.W. by S. Augusta. 

West Lebanon, p. v, and sta., Grafton co., N, ITnmp. : 
on E. side of Connecticut r., at mouth of Mascomy r., 51 m. 
N.W. by N. Concord, Here terminates the Northern E. R. 
fVora Concord, 69 m. long, which here connects with the 
Vermont Central E. K., and the Connecticut anrl Passump-* 
sic Elvers E. E., which cross the Connectiout to receive 
passengers. The v, contains extensive car-houses, shops, 
etc. of the Northern E, R. 

West Lehanon, p. v., Wayne co., 0?iio:Si m. N. E. 
Columlnis. 

West Lebanon, p. v., Indiana county, Penn.: 115 m. 
W, by N, Harrisburg. 

Wf.3T Levant, p. o,, Penobscot co,, Me. : 58 m. N. E. 
Augusta. 

West Lexington, p. o., Lewis ca, A'". Y. : 46 m. S. W. 
Albany, 

WestLeyden, p. v., Lewis co., iV, Y. : 105 m, N. W. by W. 
Albany. 

West Liberty, p. v., Muscatine county, la. : 12 m. S. E. 
Iowa City. 

West Liberty, p. v., and cap. Morgan county, E}/. : on 
N. side Licking r. TOO m. E. by S. Frankfort. It contains 
the county buildings and several dwellings. 

West Liberty, p. v. and sta., Logan co,, Ohio: 42 m. 
W. N, W, Columbus. Laid out in 1S17, and now contains 
several churches, etc. Tho " West Liberty Banner" (neul,) 



WES 



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is here published. The Mail River and Lake Erie R. K. 
passes Uinmgh it, tlO in. from Santiuj^ky, -IS ni. from Day- 
ton, anil lis ni. from Cincinnati. Pop. about 500. 

"Wi-ST LiBKRTT, p. v., LUxTty coutily, Tex.: 109 m. E. 
Austin Ciiy. 

West LiBEKTY, p. v., Ohio cc, Vlrg.: 242 m. N. "W". 
Eichmoijii. 

Wkst Lodi. p. v., Seneca co., Ohio : S3 m. X. Columbus. 

Wkst L"\vviLi.E, p. v., Lewis co., N. Y. : 126 m. N. W. 
Albany. 

■\Vest LiTitEC, p. o., "Washington co.. Me. : 1-39 m. E. byN. 
AuffDsla. 

"West Mackdon, p. o., Wayne co., X. Y. : 190 m.W. by N. 
Albany. 

Wkst Manouester, p. v., Alleghany co., Perm. : 165 m. 
"W. by N. llarrislturi:;. 

West M.^nTiNsBuna, p. v., Lewis county, X. T. : 120 m. 
N. W. by W. Albany. 

West Meukokd, p. v. and sta., Middlesex co., Mass.: on 
Boston and Lowell K. K., 5 m. N, N. W. Boston. 

West Medwat, p. v., Norfolk co,, Jlas^i. : 25 ni. S.W.byW. 
Bosl^n. 

West Mf-hedith, p. v., Delaware county, Al Y. : 67 m. 
W. by S. Albany. 

West Mfbidi.n, p. v., New Haven co., Conn,: 18 m. 
8. S. W. llarllnrd. 

Wkst .Mii'DLEiaT.rt, p. v., Logan county, Ohio: 3S m. 
W. N.W. (.'.ilUEubus. 

W>ST MtuDLESEX, p. o., MerccF County, Penn.: 190 m. 
W. N. W. llarrisburs;. 

West M iduletown, p. b., Washington co., Penn. : ISO m. 
W. llarrisburg. I*op. al>out 300. 

West Milan, sta., Coos co., A' Uamp. : on Ihe Atlantic 
and St. Lawrence li. R., 110 m. fr<^m Portland; 95 m. N. 
Concord. 

West Milfof.d, t. and p. o., Passaic Co., N. Jer. : 60 m. 
N.N. E. Trenton. The t. contains a large number offorgeB, 
wilh sevend tanneries, grist and saw mills. Pop. 2,624. 

W^sT MiLFOHD, p. 0.. Harrison county, Virg.: 200 m. 
N. W. by W. Richmond. 

West Milebury, p. v., Worcester county, Mann. : 3S ni. 
W. S. W. Boston. 

West Mill Grove, p. o., Wood co., O?iio : S9 m. N. N. W. 
Columbus. 

West Milton, p. v., Saratoga co., X. Y.: 2^ m. N. by W. 
Albany. 

West Milton, p. o., Miami county, Ohio: 72 ra. W. 
Columbus. 

West Milton, p. v., Chittenden co., Venti.: on S. side 
of Lam-iille r., 36 m. N. W. Monli)elier. 

West Minot, p. o., Cumberland co., Me. : 31 ra. S. W. I)y W. 
Auirusta. 

Westminster, p. v., Windbara co., Coiiii. : 34 m. E. by S. 
Harif.rd. 

Westminster, p. v.. and cap. Carroll county. MI. : 47 ra. 
N. W. by N. Annapolis. It contains the {-(mnly buildiuf^s, 
several churches, and 1 bank, cap. :fll0.i)00. The "Carroll- 
tonian'' (whig), and " Carri>Il Co. Democrat," are issued 
■weekly. The Westminster Branch R. R.. diverging from 
the Baltimore and Susquehanna R. R. at the Relay House, 
7 m. N. to Baliimnre. is in construction to this place. Poj). 
in 1S50 7>t wh., and 51 fr. col.— total S35. 

Westminster, t., p. v., and sta., Worcester co., Mimn, : 
45 m. W. by N. Boston. Drained by affluents of Nashua r. 
The V. contains 3 churches. The sta.. on Vermont and 
Mass;icliusitt.s R. R., 5 m. from Fitchburg. is in its N. E. 
port. I'.ip. oft. 1.9ie. 

Westminster, p. v., Guilford co., A''. Car.: "Om. W. N.W. 
EaU'igh. 

Westminster, p. v., Allen county, OJiio : 72 m. N. W. 
Columbus; 

Westminster, p. v., Shelby co., Ohio: 69 m. W. N. W. 
Columbus. 



Wt::stminster. t., p. v., and sta., Windham co., V>'nn. : on 
W. side of Ci'imecticut r., S4 m. S. by E, Monlpelier. The 
V. is beautifully situated, and neatly built. The Vermont 
Viillfv R. R. pusses Ibmutrb it, 4 in. from Bellows Falls, 
20 m. from BrattU-boro*. P(tp. of t. 1,721. 

Westminster West, p. v., Windham co., Veryn.: 86 m- 
S. by E. Monipidier. 

West Monroe, t. and p. o., Oswego co., K. Y, : 130 m. 
W. by N. Albany. Bounded S. by Om-ida lake. Surface 
level. Dramed by Bog cr. Pop. 1.197. 

West.mukelani) county, Pntn. Situate toward the S. W., 
and contains 9s9 sq. m. Drained by L"yiilluiuna and 
Youghi'igheny rivers, and by Sewickly cr. and Beaver Dam 
run. Surface uneven and in parts mountainous; snil very 
productive. Staples, wheat, Imliun corn, and potatoes. 
Tobacco is also cultivated. The N. W. is bounded by the 
.\lleghany river. Earnis 4,013; manuf. 5SG; dwell. y,350, 
and pop,— wb. 51,2S0. fr. col. 44tj — total 51.726. Capital: 
Greensburg. Puhlic Works: Pennsylvania R. R. ; Ilemp- 
fiel3 'R. R. ; Alleghany Valley R. R. ; Pennsylvania 
Canal. 

West.mokeland county, Virg. Situate N. E., and con- 
tains 1G2 sq. ui. Drained by small streams flowing into 
the Potomac and RappabaunocU rivers. Surface level; 
soil fertile and adajiled to grain and grazing. Chief pro- 
ducts, wheat and Indian corn, wilh cotton. Earnis 443; 
maimf. 5; dwell. S69. and pop.— wh. 3,4in, fr. col. 1,113, 
si. 3.o5»— total S,U$0. CapiUil : Westmoreland C. H. 

Westmoreland, p. o., Dallas county, Ala.: 50 m. W- 
Montgomery. 

West.moreland, t. and p.o., Cheshire co., A' Iltnnp.: on 
E. side of Connecticut r., 4o ni. W. S. W. Concord. Surface 
unevtu; S"il moderately fertile. The Cheshire R. R. passes 
through its N. E. part. Pop. 1,677. 

Wic8tmoi:elani>, t. and p. o., Oneida county, iV. Y. : 93 m. 
W. N. W. Albany. Surface of t. level; soil rich loam. 
Interests chiefly agricultural, but contaius several saw-mills 
and tanneries. Pop. 3,291. 

Westmoi'.eland C. H., p. v., and cap. Westmoreland co., 
Vir/j.: 50 ra. N. E. Richmond. It contains the county 
buildings, several stores, etc. Pop. about 180, 

Westmoreland Dep6t, p. v. and sUi., Cheshire county, 
A' Ikihij: : on Cheshire E. R., 54 m. from Fitchburg, and 
10 m. fnim Bellows Falls. 

Westmorelandville, p. v., Lauderdale co.,Ala.: 193 m. 
N. N. W. Montgomery. 

West Nefdham. p. v. and sta., Norfolk co., 3fass.: on 
Boston and Worcester R. R., 15 ra. from Boston. 

West Newark, p v., Tioga co., A^. J'. ; 130 m. W. by S. 
Albany. 

We^t Newul-kt, t. and p. v., Essex co., Man-^.: on S. 
side of Merrimac r, 31 m. N. Boston. Interests of t. are 
chiefly agricultural. Pop. 1.746. 

West Newfiei.d, p. o., York co.. Me. : on N. side of 
Little Ossipee r., 7S m. S. W. Augusta. 

West Newport, p. o., Orleans co., Verm. : 46 m. N. by K 
Monlpelier. 

West Newstead, p. o., Eric co., Al Y. : 252 ra. W. by N. 
Albany. 

West Newton, p. v, and sta., Middlesex co., MnM.: on 
Boston and Worcester R. R.. 9 in. from Boston. It is hand- 
somely built, and contains a StJite Normal school for female 
teachers. ^ 

West Newton, p. o., Allen co., Ohio: 82 m. W. N. W. 
Columbus. 

West Newton, p. v., Westmoreland co., Penn.: on E. 
bank of Youghioghcny r., 146 in. W. Harrisburg. Tbo 
Hempflfid R. R. wdl pa-ss through this place. Pi>p. 771. 

Wi-SiT Miles, p. o., Cayuga co., K. Y. : 142 m. W. Alb-iny. 

West Norfolk, p. v., Litchtleld county, Cotrn.: 82 m- 
N. W. by W. Hartford. 

West Northfield, p. o., Franklin county, Mass. : 74 m. 
W. N. W. Boston. 



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West Nortiiwood, p. o., Rockingham co., N. Ilamp. : 
16 ni. K. Conconi. 

Wist Ogden, p. o., Lenawee co., Midi : 75 m. S. S. E. 
Lansing;. 

Weston, t. and p. v., Fairfield co., Co7in.: 58 ra. S. W. 
Hartford. Surface uneven. Drained by Saugaluclc r. and 
brancli, wliiili .iffufti water-power. The v. contains an 
academy and church. The chief interests of the t. are 
egriculUiral. Pop. of 1. 1,063. 

Westi.x, p. v., Jo Daviess co., Jlf. : 175 m. N. by W, 
Bprinijfield. 

We;;ton, t. and p. o., Aroostook co., Me. : 135 m. N. W. 
Augusta. Pop. 293. 

Weston, t., p. v., and sta,, Middlesex co., Mass.: 11 m. 
W. Boston. Surface of t pk-aaanlly diversified. The cen- 
tral v., built chiefly on one street, contains 2 churches. The 
station is in N. part of t., on Fitchburg K. K.. 13 ra. from 
Boston. The Boston and Worcester, E. E. crosses S. E. 
comer of L Pop. of t. 1,«05. 

Weston, p. v., Platte co., Mo. : on N. E. side of Missouri 
f., 161 m. AV. N. W. Jefferson City. It has a gnod situation, 
and carries on extensfi'e business and trade. The " Weston 
Reporter" (whig), and " Platte Argus'' (deni.), are published 
weekly. 

Weston, p. v., Somerset co., N. Jer..: on the Delaware 
EHd Earitan Canal, and E. side of Millstone r., 22 m. N.N.E. 
rrenton. 

Weston, t and p. v., Wood co., Ohio : on S. side of Mau- 
mee r., 107 m. N. N. W. Columbus. Drained by Beaver cr. 
Pop. 546. 

Weston, p. o., Steuben county, y. Y. : 188 m. W. by S. 
Albany. 

Weston, t and p. v., Windsor co., Venn. : 66 tn. S. 
Montpelier. Drained by West r., which furnishes mill sites. 
The V. near the centre contains several manufacturing estab- 
lishments, and two churches. Pop. of t. 950. 

Weston, p. v., and cap. Lewis co., Virg. : on W. fork of 
Monongahela r, 18S m. N. W. by W. Richmond. It con- 
tains the county buildings, several stores, etc. The " Weston 
Sentinel" (dem.) is issueil weekly. Pop. about 250. 

West Oneonta, p. c, Otsego co., iV. Y. : 72 m. W. by S. 
Albany. 

West Onondaga, p. v., Onondaga co., IT. Y: tS3 m. 
W. by N. Albany. 

West Obsipee, p. v., Carroll co., 2^. ITamp. : on 8. side of 
Bear Camp r., 40 m. N. by E. Concord. 

West Otis, p. v., Berkshire co., Mass: 106 m. W. by S. 
Boston. 

West Parsonsfield, p. T.,Tork co.. Me. : 76 m. S.W. by W. 
Augusta. 

West Pknn, t. and p. v., Schuylkill co., Penn. : 60 m. 
N. E. Harrisburg. The t, has a hilly surface, gravelly and 
sterile soil, and al)0und3 in anthracite coal. Pop. about 1,500. 

West Pekevsburg, p. c, Cattaraugus co., iV". Y. : 275 m. 
W. Albany. 

West Perth, p. o., Fulton co., JV". Y: 86 m. N. W. Albany, 

West Peeu, p. o., Oxford county, Me.: 36 m. W. by N. 
Augusta. 

Westphalia, p. v.. Osage co., 3To. : on W. bank Mauvais 
cr., a tributary of Osage r., 13 ra. S. E. Jefl'erson City. 

West PniLAr>ELPHiA, p. district, Philadelphia co., Penn. : 
onW. side of Schuylkill r., directly opposite the city proper, 
with which it is partly associated in municipal government, 
but has also a separate local government of commissioners. 
In its W. part are the extensive buildings of the Pennsyl- 
vania Hospital for the Insane. Pop. in 1840, 2,896; in 
1850. 5,670. 

West Pieepont, p. v., Ashtabula co., Ohio: 168 m. N. E. 
Columbus. 

West Pike, p. o., Potter co., Penn. : 110 m. N. N. W. 
Harrisburg. 

West Pittsfibld, p. t., Berkshire co., Mass. : 117 m. W. 
Boston. 

9U 



West Plains, p. v., Oregon co., 3fo.: 127 m. S. byB. 
Jefferson City. 

West pLATTSBur.G, p. v., Clinton county, K. Y. : 142 m. 
N. by E. Albany. 

West Plymouth, p. v., Grafton eo., IT. Hump. : 87 m. 
N. by W. Concord. 

West Point, p. v. and sta., Troup co., Ga.: on E. side 
of Chaltahoochie r., 119 ra. W. by S. Milledgevllle. The 
Lagrange E. E. extends to this place from Atlanta, 87 m^ 
and connects with Montgomery and West Point E. R., 
thence to Montgomery, 8S m. These important thorough- 
fares have made this a place of considerable trade. Pop, 
about 45 ). 

West Point, p. o., Cass co.. Mo.: 120 m. W. Jefferson 
City. 

AVest Point, p. v., Tippecanoe co., Ind. : 60 m. N. W* 
Indianapolis. Pop. about 350. 

West Point, p. o., Lee co., In. : 62 m. 8. Iowa City. 

West Point, p. v.. Hardin co., Jii/. : on S. side of Ohio r^ 
at mouth of Salt r., 5S m. W. by 8. Frankfort. Population 
about 200. 

West Point, p. v.. Lowndes co., Miss.: 2 m. N^Oka- 
tibbehah r., 125 m. N. E. Jackson. 

West Point, p. v., Orange co., JV. Y. ; on W. bank of 
Hudson r., 91 m. 8. by W. Albany. Lat. 410 23' 31.2" N., 
long. 73° 57' 03" W. The U. 8. Mditary Academy, here lo^ 
caled, was established in lSn2. Its site, with 250 acres at- 
tached, was ceded by New York to the United States in 
1S26. It occupies an elevated plain, commanding most d^ 
lightful views of the river and vicinity, and is surrounded 
by high hills. The buildings are numerous, and hand- 
somely built of stone. The number of cadets is 250, of in- 
structors 35. The course of instruction, chiefly military and 
Bcientiflc, is of the highest order, and occupies four years. 
Upon graduation, the cadets are immediately appointed as 
officers in the U. 8. army. The average annual appropria- 
tion of Congress for this academy is $160,000. This place 
is of great historical interest, from its connection with the 
Eevolution. In 1777 it was fortified and occupied by the 
American array, and during the war was garrisoned by a 
strong division of troops. A verj' massive chain was here 
stretched across the Hudson, thus preventing, with the aid 
of the forts, the British from ascending the Hudson and 
communicating with the Canadian provinces. The ruins 
of Fort Putnam are still seen. In 1794 a military school 
was here commenced, but the building was destroyed by 
fire two years afterward, and the school suspended until 
1802, when the present academy was organized. 

West Point, p. v., Orange co., A'. Car.: 25 m. N. W. 
Ealeigb. 

West Point, p. v., Columbiana co., Ohio: on N. side of 
branch of Little Eoaver r, 126 m. E. N. E. Columbus. 

West Point, p. o., Lawrence co., Teiin. : 72 m. 8. 8. W. 
Nashville. 

West Poland, p. o., Cumberland county. Me. : 86 nu 
S. W. by W. Augusta. 

Wbstpoet, t., p. v., and sta., Fairfield co., Coii?i. : 55 m, 
8. W. Hartford. Drained by Saugatuck r., which affords 
water-power. The v., on both sides of the Saugatuck r., 
contains 2 churches, the Saugatuck iron-works, a very ex- 
tensive establishment, with several cotton and other factor- 
ies. The New York and New Haven E. K. passes through 
it. 47 m. from New York, 29 m. from New Haven. Pop. 
of U in 1840. 1,S03 ; in 1S50, 2.649. 

Westpoet, p. v., Decatur co., /;«?. ; on W. side of Sandy 
cr., 70 m. 8. E. by 8. Indianapolis. 

Westport, p. v., and cap. Oldham co., JTy. ; on S. E. bank 
of Ohio r.. 86 m. W. N. W. Frankfort. It contains the 
county buildings, 2 churches, and several stores. Popula- 
tion about 800. 

WisTPor.T, p. o., Clinton co., Penn.: 80 m. N. W. by N. 
Harrisburg. 

Westport, t. and p. o., Lincoln co., Me. : 29 m. S. by 1&, 



WE3 



WES 



Augusta. Bounded E. by Sbeepscot n and S. and W. by 
Sheepscot bay. Pop. 761. 

"Wkstport, t. and p. v., Bristol co., Mitss. : on "W. side of 
Acoalisett r., 51 m. S. Boston. The t. contains several man- 
ufactories. Many of the iuhabilants are engaged in llir 
fisheries. Pop. of t. 2J95. 

WESTroRT, p. v., Jackaon co., Mo. : on "W. line of the 
State, 4 m. S. Missouri r., 136 m. W. by N. Jefferson City. 
Ppp. about 3U0. 

Westpobt, p. V. and sta., Cheshire co., K Hamp. : on 
Ashuelni K. It., 8 m. from Kceiie, 49 m. S. "W. by S. Conci>r(I. 

"We^tport, t. and p. v., Kssex co., N. Y. : on W. side of 
Lake Champlain, 106 miles N. by E. Albany. Drained by 
small slreams flowing inlo the lake. The v. at the head of 
Northwest bay contains 3 churches, several stores, and about 
650 inhabitants. The '■ Weslport Courier" (dera.) and '• (Hd 
Settler" (lit,) are here published. A ferry plies hence across 
the lake to Basin Harbor, Verm. Pop. of t. 2.352. 

"Westport Point, p. o., Bristol county, Mass. : 59 m. 3. 
Boston. 

"West Potsdam, p. v., St. Lawrence co., iV. Y. : 156 m. 
"W. by N. Alhany. 

"West Poultnev, p. v.. Uutland co., Venn. : 61 m. 3. W. 
by S. Monlpelier. Uere is luxated the Troy Conference 
Aondemy, a flnurishing Mi-Ihodir*t institution. 

West Prairie, Stoddard co., Mo. : 18U m. S. E. Jefferson 
City. 

West Handolph, p. v. and sta., Orange co., Verm.: 25 
m. S. Montpelier. It contains several mills on a branch of 
White river, a church, stores, ete. The Vermont Central 
E. K. passes through, 46 m. from Windsor, 31 m. from 
Montpelier, 111 m. from liouse'a Point. 

West Ru-let, p. o., Somerset co., Me. : 49 m. N. N, E. 
Augusta. 

West Etver, p. o., Anne Arundel co., Md. : 7 m. S. S.W. 
Aimapolis, 

West Rives, p. o., Jackson co., Mich.: 27 m. E. by S. 
Lansing. 

West EornESTER, p. o., Windsor co.. Verm. : 2S m. 3. by 
E. Montpelier. 

West Eosenhale. p. o., Fond du Lac co., K7.sc. : 64 m. 
IS. E. by N. Madison. 

West Roxbuuy, L, p. v.. and sla., Norfolk co., 3ftiss. : on 
DeJham Braneh U. II., 6 m. S. W. Boston. Incorporated 
In 1S51. 

West Rfsxnet, p. o. and sta., Graflon co., JV ITamp. : on 
S. side of Baker's r.. 44 m. N.N.W. Concord. The Boston, 
Concord, and Montreal li. li. passes through, 63 m. from 
Concord. 

West Rupert, p. v. and sta., Bennington counly, Verm. : 
T6 m. S. S. W. M<.ntpelier. The Rutland and Washiugton 
K. R. passes through it, 47 miles from Troy, 3S miles from 
Butland. 

West Rush, p. o., Monroe co., N. Y. : 208 m. W. by N. 
Albany. 

West Rubuvillk, p. v., Fairfield co., Ohio: on W. side of 
Eush cr, 31 m. E. 3. E. Co!uml)U3. 

West Rutland, p. v. and sta., Rutland co., Verm. : on 
W. side of Otter cr., 51 m. 3. 3. W. Montpelier. The Rut- 
land and Washington R. R. pa.s3cs through it, 4 miles from 
Rutland, 21 miles from Troy. It is beautifully located in a 
fertile valley, surrounded on all sides by high hills. It is 
noted for containing the finest quarries of marble in Amer- 
ica. At the two main quarries in this vicinity 50it men are 
employed ; and besides 5 mills, which are turned by water, 
there is a ateam-mill sawing an immense quantity of slabs 
daily. Their annual product is about 175,000 cubic feet of 
marble, valued at about $500,000. 

West RirTLAJ»D, p. v., Worcester co., Mass. : 49 m. W. 
Boston. 

West's, sta., Middlesex county, y. Jer. : on Cainilen and 
Amboy B. K., 4S m. from Philadelphia, iH miles from New 
Yock. 



West Salem, p. o., Morgan county, I/uL: SO m. S. W. 
Indianapolis. 

West Salem, p. o,, Wayne county, Ohio: on E. side of 
Muddy Fork of Walhnnding r., 79 m. N. N. E. Columbus. 

West Salisbitey, p v., Addisun co., Vtrrn,: 36 m, 3. W. 
Montpelier. 

West Sand Lake, p. v., Rensselaer co., y. Y. : 10 m. 
E. I)y S. Albany. 

West Saskwioh, p. v, and sta., Barnstable co., Miss.: 
on Cape Cod Branch R. R., 25 m. from Middleboro*, 49 m. 
3. E. by S. Boston. 

West Schuvlep., p. o., Herkimer co., y. Y. : on N. bant 
of Muhawk r., 77 ra. W. N. W. Albany. 

West Scituate, p. v., Plymouth co., Ma.ss. : 16 ra. S. E. 
Boston. 

West Sedgwick, p. c, Hancock co., Mc: 56 m. E, 
Augusta. 

West Suanpake:*, p. o., Ulster co., y. Y. : 54 ra. 3. W. 
Albany. 

WE-iT Sdongo, p. o., Alleghany co., A^. }'. ; 229 m.W. by 3. 
Albany. 

West Sidney, p. v., Kennebec co., Me. : 6 m. N. by W. 
Augusta. 

West's Mills, p. o., Franklin co., Me. : 33 m. N. N. W. 
Augusta. 

West Somers, p. v., Westchester county, A^ Y. : 94 m. 8. 
Albany. 

West Somerset, p. o., Niagara county, y. Y. : 256 m. 
W. by N. Albany. 

Wist SpRiNtj CnEBK, p. o., Warren co., Pcjvu: 176 to. 
N. W. by W. Harrisburg. 

West Springfield, t., p. v., and sta.. Hampden county 
Md'Ss.: on W. side of Connecticut river, S2 m. W. by 3, 
Boston. Surface of t. pleasantly diversified. Drained by 
Westfield r., which affords waier-power. The t. contains 
several pleasant villages or settlements. The principal 
village. 2 m. from Springfield, is very pleasant The West- 
ern R. R. passes through it, 100 m. from Boston, and 100 m. 
from Albany. Pop. of t 2,979. 

West Springfield, p. v., Shelby county, Mo.: S2 m. N. 
Jeffers'.ii City. 

Wfst Springfield, p. v., Erie county, Venn.: 214 m. 
N. W. by W. Harrisburg. 

West Stafford, p. v., Tolland co., Conn.: 22 m. N. E. 
Hartford. 

West Stephentown, p. v., Rensselaer co., N. Y. : IS m. 
E. by S. Albany. 

West Sterling, p. v., Worcester counly, Mass. : 37 m. 
W. by N. Boston. 

Wf-st Stewardstown, p. v., Cass co., K. Ilatnp. : on E. 
side of Cnnni-ciieul river, r_'3 m. N. Conconl. 

West Stockurihoe, I., p. v., and sta., Berkshire county, 
M<ix'<. : I'20 in. W. Boston. Surface uneven and hilly. 
Drained by William's r., which affords water-power. Lirae- 
slone is abundant, and some excellent marble is found. The 
Weslrrn and Stoekbriiig'* railroads cros,t this t., aTid con- 
turt at Slate line with Hudson and Bi-rkshire R. R. The 
village on Stockbridge R. R., 3 n». from Slate line, contains 
3 churrhes, several stores, manufactories, etc. Populatioa 
of 1. 1,713. 

West Stockbridge Centre, p. v., Berkshire co., 3Ias9.: 
123 m. W. Boston. 

Wkst STofKnoLM, p. v., St Lawrence co., JV. Y. : 140 ra- 
N. N. W. Al!)any. 

Wf>T SuFKiELD, p. v., Hartford co., Conn. : 17 m. N. 
Harllord. 

West Suxlitan, p. o., Hancock county. Me.: S2 m. E. 
Augusta. 

Wt>T Sr-MNER. p. o., Oxford co., Me. : 86 m. W. Augusta, 

West Sutton, p. v., Worcester co., Ma^s. : 40 ra.W. S.W. 
Boston. It contains 2 churches, stores, etc. 

Wrst Swanzey, p. 0., Cheshire co., 2f. Hamp. : 45 m. 
S. W. by W. Concord. 

935 



WES 



WES 



West Tagiikanic, p. o., Columbia county, Jf. Y. : 36 m. 
8. by E. Albany. 

West Theresa, p. o., Jefferson co., y. Y. : 160 m. N. W. 
Albany. 

West Thornton, p. t., Graflon co., iVI ITamp.: on W. 
ftideof Pemiwiiffasset river, 51 ni. N. by W. Cnncord. 

West Tisburv, p. v., Dukes co., Mtifis.: 72 m. S. S. E. 
Bost<in. It cniains 2 churebej, stores, etc 

West Topstia.m. p. v., Orange co., Verm. : on N. side of 
Wail's river, 13 ni. S. E. by E. Montpelter. 

West Town, p. v., Oruni'e co., ^\ Y.: 06 m. S. S. W. 
Albany. It contains several stores, an academy, and church. 
Pop. about 231). 

West Townsend, p. v., Middlesex co., Mass, : nn branch 
of Nashua r, 41 ni. N.W. by W. Boston. The Peterboro' 
and Shirley R. I*, pnsses through it, 12 niilt'S from Groton 
junction. It eoiU:iins a female seminary of liigh repute. 

West Townsuend, p. v., Windham co., Venn. : ST m. S. 
Mont pel ier. 

West Trenton, p. v., Hancock co., Me. : 70 m. E. by N. 
Augusta. 

Wf-st Tkoupsburg, p. v., Steuben co., IT. Y. : 202 m. W. 
by S- Albany. 

West Troy, p. v., Albany county, 2^. Y. : on W. bank of 
Iludson r., 6 m. N. by E. Albany, This flourishing village 
was incorponited in 1S36, and has had a rajiid growth. 
The Erie Canal here connects with the Iludson r. by lateral 
canals and locks, and transfers to it a large proportion vf 
the c:inal-boats with their freight of produce, merchandise, 
fctc, nnbroken, which are thence towed by steamboats to 
New York. A large number of steam-barges, sloops, and 
schooners are here owned and employed in transportation. 
The surplus waters of the canal alP-rd very great w;iter- 
pnwer, improved by numerfius factories and mill;*. Other 
manufacturing establishments using steam-power, are also 
numerous. The Meneely bell foundry is the most extensive 
of the kind in the Union. The general intt^rests of this 
place are directly connected witii Troy, of wliich it is prop- 
erly a suburb. It also contains 10 churches, and the Water- 
vliet arsenal, established here in IS13 by the United States. 
This is the largest arsenal of construction in the Union, 
comprising about 40 buildings upon its grounds of 100 acres, 
employs altout 2oO men. and at all limes has on hand im- 
mense quantities of munitions of war. The " W. Troy Ad- 
vocate" (neut.) is issued weekly. Pop. 7,564. 

West Union, p. v., Knox co., Ind,: 4 m. E. Wabash r., 
90 m. S. W. Indianapolis. 

West Union, p. v., and cap. Adams co., 07iio : 79 m. 9. 
by W. Columbus. It contains the county Imildings, two 
churches, stores, etc. The "Adams County Democrat" is 
here published. Pop. 462. 

West Umon, p. o., Fayette county, la. : S4 m. N. by W. 
Iowa City. 

ViFST Union, p. v., Pickens dist., & Car. : 128 m.W.N.W. 
Columbia. 

Wh»T Union, p. c, Steuben co., JT. Y. : 203 m. W. by S. 
Albany. 

WraT Union, p. v., and cap. Doddridge county, Virg. : 
212 m. N. W. by W. Richmond. It contains a court-house, 
jail, and several stores. Pop. 161. 

We<t Unity, p. o.. Williams co., Ohio: 138 m. N. W. by 
N. Columl'us. The '* Equal Rights" (dem.)is here published. 

West Veioiillion, p. o., Erie co., Ohio : 98 m. N. by E. 
Columbus. 

West Vienna, p. o., Oneida co., X 3'. ; 116 m. W. N. W. 
Albany. 

West View, p. o., Augusta co., Viiv. : 9S m. W. N. W. 
Eichmond. 

West View, p. o., Hamilton co., Ttnn.: lOS m. S. E. of 
Kashville. 

We.'^tville. p. v., New Haven co., Cotm. : 8 m. N. W. of 
New Haven. It contains several manufactories. 

Wkstville, p. v., and cap. Simpson county, J/ws. ; 88 m. 
926 



S. S. E. Jackson, It contains the county buildings. Pop 
about 130. 

Westvillb, p. v.. Otsego co., A'. Y.: on E. side of Sufr 
quehanna r., 58 m. W. .\lbany. 

We-tville. p. v., Chamjiaign co., 07iio: 4^ m, W, Urbac 
na, 43 m. W. by N. Columbus. 

West Vincent, p. o., Chester co., Fe7tn. : 67 m. E. by 3, 
Ilarrisbnrg. 

VtKST ^VAL^\■o^TH, p. o., Wayne county, A^ Y.: 192 m. 
W. by N. Albany. 

Wf^t Waedsboeo', p. v., Windham co., Tewf.; 90 m. 
S. by W. Montpelier. 

West Wakeuam, p. v. and sta., Plymouth oo., Mass. : ou 
the Cape Cod Branch K. P.., 1I| m. from Middleboro*, and, 
by railroad, 46 m. S. S. E. from Boston. It contains several 
manufactories. 

We^t Watertille, p. V. and sta., Kennebec co.. 3fe. : 
at N. end of Snow's Pond, 17 ra. N. Augusta. Eraerson»8 
stream here affords great water-power. The Androscoggin 
and Kennebec R. R. passes through, 75i m. from Portland, 
6^ m. from Waterville. 

West Webster, p. o., Monroe co., N', Y. : 197 m. W. by 
N. Albany. 

Wt:8T WiLLiAMSFiELD, p. 0., Ashlabula CO., Ohio : 160 m. 
N. E. Columbus. 

West Wiiitf.lant), t, and p. c, Chester co., Penn. : 72 m, 
E. by S. Harrisburg. 

West Willington, p. o., Tolland county. Conn. : 22 m. 
E. N. E. Hartford. The New London, Willimantic, and 
Palmer R. R. passes near it, 45 m. from New London, 21 m. 
from Palmer. 

West Winchester, p. v. and sta., Cheshire co„ A'. Ramp. : 
on Asliuelot R. R., 15 m. from Keene, 8 ni. from South Ver- 
non, 55 ni. S. W. Concord. It contains several manufafr 
tories. 

West Windham, p. o., Rockingham co., K. /lamp. : 83 nj. 
9. by E. t'oncord. 

West "Windham, p. v., Bradford county, Pen?!,: 120 m. 
N. by E. Harrisburg. 

West Windsor, p. v., Broome co., Al Y. : 112 m. W. S. W. 
Albany. 

West Wint)Soe, p. v., Richland CO., Ohio: 68 m. N. N. E. 
Columbus. 

West Wikdsor, p. o., Eaton county, Mich. : 10 m. 8. W. 
Lansing. 

West WiNFiELD, p. o., Herkimer county, A''. Y. : 76 m, 
W. by N. Albany. 

AVest Winsted, p. V. and sta., Lltchfleld co., Conr). : on 
Mad r., a branch of Farniinglon r., 23 m. N. W. by W. 
Ihirlford. 45 m. N. by W. New Haven. Here terminates 
the Naugatuck R. R., 62 m. from Bridgeport. Tliis v. ia 
noted chiefly for its manufactures. Water-power is fur- 
nished by the outlet of Long Luke, an interesting pond 3i 
m. long, i m. wide, which lies in an elevated plain, nearly 
J m. above the plain below. This outlet is but a small 
stream, in a narrow channel, but affords great and perma- 
nent power to the faelories on its banks. Among these are 
an extensive cutlery establishment ; one coach axle do. ; a 
large machine shop ; a tannery 140 feet long, and 4 stories 
high; various cslibli^hments making hoes, shovels, edge 
tools, sashes, and blinds; also large scythe factories; 2 
woolen do., making satinets and cassimeres ; an irun foun- 
dry, etc. The flourishing condition and prospects of Win- 
sted have must favorably affected its growth and many new 
buildings are erecting to accommodate the increjtse of pop- 
ulation ; among which is a fine hotel, containing over 100 
rooms. The Winsted Bank has a cap. of $100.(,iOO. 

West Wood, p. v., Woodford oo., ///. ; on N. side Mack- 
inaw cr., 66 m. N. N. E. Springfield. The Hlinois Central 
R. R. will pass a little E. of this place. 

West Woodstock, p. v., Windham co., Conti.: on E. 
side of branch of Nuichaug r., 34 m. E. N. E. Hartford. It 
contains a church and several dwellings. 



WES 



WHE 



"West Woodvillb, p. v., Clermont co., Ohio: on W. side 
of Stunelick cr., 71 ra. S. W. Columlms. The Cincinnalt, 
Iinisburu', and Purkersburg R. K. pa&si.-3 a liUle N. of this 
place. 

"West ■WonxnixaTON, p. v., Hampshire co., 3fass.: 97 m. 
"W. Hoslon. 

Vi't,sT Wkkntiiam, p. v., Norfolk county, 3fass. : 23 m. 
B. W. by S. Boston. 

WiKT YARMot-i n, p. v., Barnstable co., Mass. : C3 m. S. E. 
B'wstoii. It contains 2 churches, etc. 

AVest YouKsuiuE, p. o., Cattaraugus co., J^. Y.: 252 m. 
"W. by N. Albany. 

Wf.tiieueuvillr, p. v., IJallimore co., iW. .• on Gwinn's 
Falls, 4i in. W. N. W. Baliiuiore. It is 30(1 feet above tide- 
water, with a fall within ila limits of 90 feet, whieh afTonis 
iiuraense water-power. The cassimerc fact^iries of Welh- 
ered IJrolhers are here located, with several mills maUing 
coarse cotton cloth, besides numerous flouring and other 
mills in the vicinily. Pop. of neighborhood about 750. 

Wktheusfield, t. and p. v., Hartford co., Oonii. : on "W. 
Bide of Connecticut r., 8J in. S. Hartford, Surface of t. geu- 
erally level ; soil sandy loam, and very fertile, producing 
large crops of vegetables, especially onions. The v. in N. E. 
part of t. is verj' pleasant, having wide streets, beautifully 
shaded with elms ; and contains 2 academies and 3 churches. 
The Connecticut State Prison, here located, is a massive 
building of Portland ^Conn.) san<istone ; and ctmtained, on 
March 31st., 1S50, 175 inmates— 103 males, 12 females. Pop. 
of I- 2,523. 

"U'etiiersfield, p. v., llenry co., HL : 98 m. N. by W. 
Springfield. 

Wt-TUEBSFiELD, t. and p. 0., Wyoming co., K Y. : 235 m. 
W. Albany. Pop. 1,4S9. 

■Weiueusiikld Spkinob, p. v., Wyoming county, J^\ Y.: 
237 m. W. Albany. It contains 3 churches, several stores, 
etc Pop. about IGO. 

Wetl'mi'ka, p. c, Coosa co., Ala. : on E. side of Coosa r., 
13 m. N. N, E. Montgomery. It has a fine site, at the head 
of steamboat navigation, and is a place of consideralile trade. 
It contains 5 churches, with numerous stores, etc. The 
**trtate Guard" (^l'"'"-) is pubhshed tri-weekly and weekly. 
The Slate Penitentiary, here located..on Oct. IsL, ISol, con- 
tained 15G convicb*. Fop. 3.i)16 The llarrowgate f^prings, 
8. of the eity, possess valuable properties, and are of great 
resort during the summer. 

Wetzix county, rir(/. Organized from Tyler in 1S4C. 
Situate N. W., and cont;iina56S sq. m. Drained by br.-mches 
of Ohio r. Surface hilly and broken; s.iil nioderai-ly fer- 
tile, adapted Lo grain and grazing. Chief products wlu-nt, 
Indian corn, and tol>acco. It couiains a large (piantily of 
bituminous coal. PaVms 423, matuif. 8. dwfll. 71t!, and 
pop.— wh. 4,261, fr. eol. G, si. 17— total 4.2S4. OijuUtl: 
Wetzel C. 11. Puhltc Works : Baltiinon- and Ohio K. P. 

Wevebton, p. V. and sla., Frederick co., J/'/. ; on W. 
sldcof Potomac r.. at confluence of Israel rr, GO m. W. N. W. 
Annapolis. The Chesapeake and Ohi() Canal passes through 
it; als(( the Baltimore and Ohio K. K.,SO m. from Baltimore, 
and Si'O m. Ironi Wht-eling. 

Wf.xfoud county, Mivh. Situate N. W. of the Southeni 
Peninsula, and contains 576 sq. m. Drained by the Manis- 
tee r. and its branches. Surface even, diversifie<I with 
small lakes; soil fertile, and with cuUivalion adiipled to the 
raising of wheat, corn, etc. Organized since 1S50. 

Wexf<iui), p. v., Alleghany co., Penn.: 1G6 in. W. by N. 
Ilarriaburg. 

WKTAUWEVi, p. o., Winnebago co., TH-sc. ; SC m. N. N. E. 
Madison.' 

Wf.ybbipgr Lower Falls, p. o., Addison co., IVrw..* 
83 ni. S. W. by W. Montpelier. 

Wewiolth, t., p. v.. and sta., Norfolk co., }f(ff^f.: U m. 
8. S. K. B'-sion. Surface of t. pleasantly divrrsdi.-d, well 
watered by large ponds, and several streams flowing into 
two large inleta of Boston harbor called Fore and Back 



rivers. The t. contains several pleasant villages, of which 
Wej mouth v., or Weyniouih Lan'Mng is the largest. This 
is well situated, at the head of Fore r., contains several 
stores, etc., and 1 bank, cap. .$100,000, ami has considerable 
business and coasting trade. The mimut'acioreof b<iol3 and 
shoes is carried on extensively. The 8outh Shore U. K. 
passes through it, 12 m. from Boston. Pop. of t. in li^O, 
3,73S; in 1S5M, 5,3G9. 

Weymouth, p. o.. Atlantic co., iV". Jcr.: on Great Egg 
Harbor r., 47 m. S. Trenton. 

Wevmuitth, p. v., Molina co., Ohio: on branch of liocky 
r., 102 m. N. E. by N. Coluinhus. 

WnALEYSviLLE, p. V., Worcester co., Md. : on E. bank 
of Pocomoke r, 81 m. 8. E. Annapolis. 

WnALLOusBURG, p. o., Esscx CO., N. Y, : on E. side of 
Boquet r., 110 ra. N. by E. Albany. 

WuAKTON county, Tex. Situate S. E., and contjiins 1.256 
sq. ra. Drained by Colorado river, which p:is?es through 
the county, and by branches of San Bernardo r., and other 
small streams. Surface in general level, but in parts it is 
undulating; soil fertile, arid isa rich black nitijd. very prct- 
ductive, and well adapted to cotton, corn, and tobacco. The 
soil of the prairies is good, and supports a dense crop of 
grass. Farms 55; nianuf. 0; dwell. 112; and pop. — wh. 
510, fr. col. 0— total 1,242. Capital: Wharton. 

Wharton, t. and p. o., Potter co., Penn. : 105 ra. N. W. 
Harrisburg. Drained by E. branch of Siunermahoning cr. 
Interests agricultural. 

WnAiiToN, p. V. and cap., Wharton co., TVcr. ; on N. E. 
bank of Colorado r., 117 m. S. E. by E. Austin City. It 
contiiins the county buil'lint;s. 

WiiAHToN's, p. o., Noble county, Ohio: 71 m. E, by 3. 
Columbus. 

Whatelet, t,, p. v., and sta., Franklin co., J/rr.M. ; SO ra. 
W. Boston. Bounded E. by Connecticut r. Drained by 
Mill r., which affords waler-power to various milla. The v. 
is on Connecticut Kiver \l, li., 2G m. from Springfleld. Fop. 
oft. 1,101. 

Wheal Pioneer Mine (formerly "Fenlress Mine"). Guil- 
ford CO., .v. Car. : 10 ra. S. Greensboro', and 73 m. W.N.W. 
lialeigh. This mine, which is (jwned by the North Carolina 
Cojjper Mining Company, is located on tlie geological range, 
between the slates and granites, whicii is the great metalli- 
ferous line E. of the Alleghanies. The mine was formerly 
worked for gold, the vein having been explored toihe depth 
of GO feet, but tlie gold giving out. it is miw worked solely 
for it.s copper. The vein is entirely on the Company's prop- 
erty, but in its comparatively short exlenl. it has proved to 
be tlie best in the country, an<i, compared with the veins of 
Kurope, probably the richest and largest ever discovered. 
While at the surface the tliickm-.HS of the vein Is inconsider- 
al)li', at the depth of GO feet it measures 5 feel, and at 70 
feet has iiicresised to over 8 feel, the regular dip begin- 
ning at this point in such a manner thai while the inclina- 
tion of the hanging wall is 3.5° that of the lower wall 18 45°, 
thus occasioning t<<r every few feet advanced, an increase of 
a foot in thethickneesof the vein. The vein is a regular one, 
and consists of alternate hiyers of quartz and copper jivritOB, 
and spathic iron, containing 33 percent, of metal. It is 
supposed that when machinery is applied to the working of 
the mine, that 5" men will hike out monthly 400 tons of ore. 
Several other mines have been discovered in iho vicinily, 
which, if equally rich with the Wheal Pioneer, will add 
gready to the resources of the Stale, and stimulate Ibo 
people to enterprise and energy. 

Whkatlani), p. o., Ionia co., Mich: 82 m. W. N. W. 
L:insing. 

WiiKATLAsn, t. and p. o.. Monroe county, K. Y. : 214 m. 
W. by N. Albany. Drained by Allen's cr.. tributary of 
Genesee river. The I. contains several mills and banneries, 
l)ut the inhabitants are chiefly engaged in agriculture, etc. 
Pop. 2.917. 
WiiBATLAND, L and p. 0., Kenosha county, Wise. : Tl m. 

937 



WHE 



WHI 



8. E. by E. Madison. Fox r. flows through its N. E. part, 
and rcceivea braochea fnim the interior. Pop. 1,193. 

WuEATLAND, p. o., LoudoQ county, Virff. : 205 m. N. 
Kichmond. 

Wheatland Centre, p. o., Ilillsdale co,,Mic?i.: 52 m. 
S. by E. Lansing. 

Wheatley, p. o., Fauquier co., Virg. : 65 m. N. by W. 
Eichmcnd. 

"VVuEAT RiDQE, p. c, Adanis co., Ohio: 73 m. S. B. W. 
Cohinibus. 

WitEATViLj.E, p. v., Genesee co., 2^. Y. : 236 m. W. by N. 
Albany. 

Wheeler, t, and p. c, Steuben co., JV. T. : 1ST m. W. 
Albany. Drained by branch ol'Conhocton r. Pop. 1,4T1. 

WiiEELEKsuup.G, p. V., Scioto CO., Okto : ou Ohio r,, 56 m. 
S. by E. Columhus. Pop. about 300. 

WuKELiNG, p. o., Cook CO., 111. .' OQ E. Side Dea Plaines 
r., 182 m. N. E. by N. Springfield. 

Wheeuno, p. v., Delaware co., JiuL : on S. W. side of 
Mississinewa r., 53 m. N. E. Indianapolis. 

WnEELiNfj, p. o., Holmes co., Mias.: on W. side of Big 
Black r., 65 ni. N. N. E. Jackson. 

Wheeling, p. city, port of entry, and cap. Ohio county, 
Tirff.: on E. bank of the Ohio r.,247 m. N.W. Richmond— 
lat. 40^ OT'N. ; long. 80^ 42' W. It occupies a fine site on 
a !iigh bank of the river, along which it extends about 
2 ni., but its extension W. is restrained by high hiila. It is 
dividt<t by Whccding cr., here emptying into the Ohio, over 
which here is a beautiful stone bridge. The Ohio river is 
crossed by a wire suspension bridge, which 13 one of the 
finest struclures of the kind in the world, and has the fol- 
lowing measurenient-s : length of span, from centre to 
centre of llie stone supporting towers, 1,010 feet; heiglit 
above low-water mark, 97 feet; height of towers on 
Wheeling side, 153i feet above low-water mark, and 16U 
feet above the abutment on which they stand. It is sup- 
ported by 12 wire cables, laid in pairs, 3 pairs on each side 
of the flooring, each of which is 4 inches in diameter, com- 
posed of 550 strands, nnd 1,3S0 feet long. It has a carriage 
way 17 feet wide, and 2 foolwalks, each SJ feet wide. The 
wire used in its construction was manufactured by D. Rich- 
ards &Co., of Wheeling. It is capable of supporting a pres- 
eure of 613 pounds to the square foot, and cost $210,000. In 
front of the city lies Zane's island, which contains 350 acres, 
and to which a bridge is constructed. 

Wlu'cliiig is distinguished for enterprise in manufactures 
and trade. In the city and vicinity flouring-mills are very 
numerous, an*! form the leading interest of manufiutiires. 
The next most important manufactures are those of glass, 
nails, stoves, and all kinds of iron castings, stcam-engiuL's, 
woolen and cotton goods, while and sheet lead, paper, etc. 
The Virginia Iron Works, here located, make abnut 1,100 
kegs of nails per week. The silk factory of J. W. Gill is 
the largest in tlie Union; but is in operation only 3 months 
during the year, because of scarcity of stock. The city early 
experienced the advantages of its position for navigation on 
the Ohio, and its connections E. and W. by the National 
Eoad. The Baltimore and Ohio R. R. here terminates, 
880 m. from Baltimore. The Central Ohio E. E., now com- 
pleted below Columbus and Zanesville, will here connect 
with the Ilempfleld E. R., now in construction to junction 
with the Penns} Ivania E. E. at Greensburg. The Cleveland 
and Pittsburg R. E. is also being extended to Wheeling. The 
tonnage of Wheeling district on June 3'ith, 1S50, was 5.934 
t(^>ns, all of which was of thi; class " enrolled and licensed," 
permanent, employed in the coasting trade, and propelled 
by steam. Vessels built during the year preceding^ 4 
steamers, S35 tons. In 1S52, 88 steamboats, all high pres- 
6ure, were here owned, with aggregate tonnage of 6.84.'i tons. 

The city contains, besides the county buildings, 13 

churches, several academies, and 2 banks, with aggregate 

capital of $;)(i0.100. Its newspaper press in 1S50 consisted 

of the " W^heelitig Gazette" i.whig), and "Wheeling Even- 

92S 



ing Argus" (dem.), each issuing daily and weekly editions; 
and the "Virginiscbe Staats Zeitung" (dem.) in German 
language, issued weekly. Pop. in ISIO, 914 ; in 1S20, 1,567 ; 
in 1830, 5.221 ; in ]S4(), 7,885; in 1850, 11,391. 

WnEELiNG Valley, p. o., Marshall co., \'irg, : 239 m* 
N. W. Eichmond. 

WuEELocK, p. 0., Choctaw Nation, Ind. Ter. 

WuEELocK, p. 0., Robertson co., Tex. : 90 m. N. E. by E. 
Austin City. 

WnEELocK, t. and p. 0., Caledonia county, Veriit. : 29 m. 
N. E. Montpelier. Drained by branches of Passumpsic r 
Pop. SS5. 

Whetstone, p. o.. Morrow county, Ohio: 4S m. N. by E, 
Columbus. 

Whetstone river, Ohio: see Olentangt river. 

WniGViLLE, p. v., Lapeer co., Mich. : 68 m. N.E. Lansing. 

Whippi Swamp, p. o., Beaufort disl., S. Car. : 73 m. 
S. Columbia. 

WiuTcoMo, p. v., Franklin county, Ind. : 60 m. E. S. E' 
Indianapolis. 

White county, Arl\ Situate N. E. centrally, and con- 
tains 1.043 sq. ra. Drained by Little Eed r., tributary of 
White river, which fnrras its E. boundary, and by other 
streams. Surface even ; soil fertile, and adapted to grazing. 
Farms 307; manuf. 2; dwell. 455, and pop.— wh. 2,309, fr. 
col. 2, si. 308— total 2,619. Capital: Searcy. 

White county. III. Situate 3. E., and contains 447 sq. 
m. Little Wabas h river and Skillet fork of same drain the 
CO. Surface partly level, and partly undulating; soil fertile; 
staples, wheat and Indian corn. Tobacco is cultivated. It 
has some excellent prairie land in the E. portion. The 
country bordering the streams is well wooded. Farms 
1,101 ; nianuf. 22 ; dwell. 1,537, and pop.— wh. S,S16, fr. eoL 
109— total S,925. Capital : Garmi. 

White county, Ind. Situate N. W. middle, and contains 
504 sq. ra. Drained by Tippecanoe r. and its several trib- 
utaries. Two-thirds of the surface is prairie, and at least 
(me-half dry and genUy undulating; soil rich, and the forest 
growths extensive. Farms 453; manuf. 10; dwell. S21, and 
pop. — wh. 4,75ii, fr. col. 9 — total 4,761. Capital: Monticello, 
Public WorLs: New Albany and Salem Extension E. E. 

White county, Ten7i. Situate E. centrally, and coutain8 
346 sq. m. Drained by Caney fork of Cumberland river and 
its afiluents. Surface uneven, in parts hilly; soil fertile; 
sUiples wheat, grain, and tobacco. Pork and grain are ex- 
ported. Farms 1,341; manuf. 22; dwell. 1,706, and pop. — 
wh. 10,09S, fr. col. 132, si. 1,214— total 11.444. Capital: 
Sparta. Public Worku: Lexington and M'Minnville E. R. 

White mountains, A^ Ilamp.: these mountains, in the 
N. part of the State, are the highest in New England, and 
among the highest in the United States. The range is in 
form nearly square, extending N. and S. about 20 m., and 
E. and W. about 22 m. ; but the more elevated summits are 
comprised within a range of S miles. The highest summita 
are covered with snow during the greater part of the year, 
and in clear weather are visible at sea more than 50 miles 
from shore. The elevations of the highest peaks are as 
follows: 

MountWa8hington..0,226 feet 1 Mount Madison ... 5,620 fe^ 

Mount Adams 5,960 *' Mount Munroe 5,510 ** 

Mount Jefferson 5,860 " I Mount Franklin. . .5,050 * 

besides which several others are little inferior in elevation. 
The ascent of these mountains is fatiguing, but not danger- 
ous; and is frequently accomplished by summer visitors* 
The scener}' from their summits is of surpassing interest, 
and of varied character. The construction of the Boston, 
Concord, and Montreal R. E., Atlantic and St. Lawrence 
E. E., and other lines of railroad Inward this interesting 
vicinity, has greatly increased the number of summer 
visitiirs, for whose accommodation there are numerous 
hotels kept in flrsl-class style. 
WuTTB river, Ark. : is formed in Washington co., by the 



WHI 



"vVHI 



confluence nf 3 Ijranches, flows N. X. E., crosses into Mis- 
souri, thi^n turns In the 8. E., and holds this general conrse 
for 150 m. nntil it receives Black r., its principal N. branch, 
nfler which il flows by wimliu'* course in ^enerjil direcliou 
S. by E., until it empties iuto the Mississippi r. in Desha co. 
About S miles from its mouth it connects by a broad bayou, 
usually boatuble, with ArkansJis river jafier which its course 
is through a great, marsh or swamp. lis length is over 600 
miles; and iillhough it is at present choked up in many 
places by accumulations of drift-wood, steamboats ascend to 
r.atesville, 260 m., and on the removal of these obstruclions 
will ascend 2i)0 miles farther. It receives numerous tribu- 
taries, of which several are large streams, and flows through 
a very fertile region. 

WuiTE river, Lid. : is formed by the confluence of the E. 
and W. forks of While r., 20 ra. S. E. Yiucennes, ami flows 
"W. S. W. in winding course about 35 m. to its entrance into 
Wabash r. Its stream is but little inferior to the Wabash, is 
about 600 feet wide, and navigable in high water for steam- 
boats. The W. fork rises in llaudolph co. ; in high water it 
is navigable for steamboats to Indianapolis, and flat-boats 
have descended it from near Winchester. The E. fork is 
about 22f) miles long, and boatablc 150 m. The numerous 
branches of ihese forks drain the entire central portion of 
the State. 

White river, Mich. : rises in Newago county, flows S. W. 
through Oceana co., and enters Lake Michigan by a broad 
eatuary. 

White river, Utitk Ter. : a principal head branch of 
Colorado r., flowing through E. part of Utali co.» about 150 
nj. in W. course. 

White river, F^?*m, ; rises In GranviiJe, flows S. S. E., 
N. E.. and S. E., and empties into the Connecticut river in 
Hartford t. It is about 55 miles long, and receives several 
tributaries, each of which afi^ords valuable water-power. 

White Asu, p. o., Alleghany county, Pemu : 1C3 m. W. 
Ilarri.sburg. 

WiiiTF. CniMNETS, p. 0., Caroline county, Jlyy. : 2S m. N. 
liichmond. 

WniTE Cottage, p. c, Muskingum co., Ohio : 55 m. E. 
Columbus. 

White Cottage, p. o., Shelby co., Tea^.: 244 m. E. N. E. 
Austin City. 

White Creek, t. and p. v.. Washington co., K T.: SO m. 
N. E. Albany. Drained by Owl and Little White cr. flow- 
ing 3. into Ilooaic r. The v. contains 2 churches, and seve- 
ral stores. Pop. of t. 2,904. 

White Cross, p. o.. Orange co., R. Car. : 35 m. N. W. 
Raleigh. 

White Day, p. c, Monongalia co., Virg. : 25S m. N. W. 
Kichmond. 

Whtte Deeh, p. 0., Lycoming county, Pciin. : C3 m. N. 
Ilarrisburg. 

White Deer Mills, p. o., Union co., Penn.: TS m. N. 
Ilarrisburg. 

White Eye's Plains, p. o., Coshocton co., Ohio: ou t?.. 
side of Tuscarawas r., C9 m. E. N. E. Columbus. 

WniTEFACE mountain, K. Y.: on E. side of Wilmington 
r., in N. W. part of Essex co., is 4,S55 feet above the Atlantic 
iXMi-an. 

WniTEFiELT), p. o., Oklibbeba co., Miss.: on branch of 
Okanoxubee r., 95 m. N. E. Jackson. 

WniTEFiF-LP, p. o., Marshall county, JU. : SO m. N. by E. 
Springfleld. 

Whitefield, t. and p. o., Lincoln co., Sfe. : 14 m, S. E. 
Augusta. Watered by Shcepscot river, which affords 
water-power. Interests of the town chiefly agricultural. 
Pop. 2,160. 

WiiiTEFicLD, t. and p. o., Coos co., Nl Eamp. : 10 m. N. 
Concord. Drained by John's r., on which are saw-mills. 
Pop. S57. 

White-Fish point, Chippewa co., Mich. : separates Te- 
quamenon bay from Lake Superior, 

59 



Whitekord, p. o., Luca3 co., Ohio: 120 m. N. N. W. 
Columbus. 

White IIall, p. v., Greene co., PL: 4S m. W. S. W. 
Springfield. It contains 3 churches, several st<jres, etc. 
Pop. about 4ii0. 

WiiiTK Hall, p. o., Ilunlerdun county, J^\Jc}\:SZ ni 
N. by W.Trenton. 

White Hall, p. o., Madison county, Kij.: 44 ra. S. K. 
Frankfort. 

White IIall, t., p. v., and sta., Washington co., K Y. : 
5S m. N. N. E. Albany. Surface hilly. Drained by Pawlet 
river, Wf.md creek, iin<\ Puultney river, which flow into the 
head of Lake Chamj.lain. The v. at the bead of the lake is 
well situated for trade. The Chainplaiu Canal extendi 
hence 73 m. to Albany. The Saratoga and Washington 
U. R. passes through, 13 m. from Castleton, and it ia pro- 
posed to build a railroad hence to Plaltsburg. It contains 
four churches, several mills and manufactories, and two 
banks, wi til aggregate capital of $20S,'ion. The "Demo- 
crat," and " Chronicle" (whig) are hero published. Pop. 
of V. about 3.000 ; of t. 4,726. 

White IIall, p. o., Owen co., Ind. : 43 m. S. W. by S. 
In<lianapoli3. 

White Hall, p. v., Mecklenburg co., K Cur.: 120 m. 
W. S. W. Raleigh. Pop. about lOO. 

White Hall, sta., Delaware co., /*^h7(. .• on Philadelphia 
and Columbia E. P., 10 m. W. Philadelphia, 

White Hall, p. o., Montour co., Pam. : 54 m. N. by E. 
Ilarrisburg. 

White Hall, p. v., Fayette co., Ttmn. : 160 m. W. S. W 
Nashville. 

White Hall. p. o. and sta., Baltimore county, M'l : on 
Baltimore and Susquehanna P. P., 26 m. N. from Balti- 
more, 56 m. from Ilarrisburg, 45 m. N. by W. Annapolis. 

White Hall, p. v., Frederick co., Virg. : 123 m. N. by W. 
Richmond. Fop. about 100. 

White Hall, p. o., Clark county. Mo. : VIS m. N. by E. 
Jefl'erson City. 

Whitehall ville, p. 0., Bucks co., Pain. : 96 m. E. by N. 
Ilarrisburg. 

White Hare, p. o., Cedar co., Mo. : 116 m. S. W. by W. 
Jefferson City. 

White Haven, p. v., Somerset co., AD'f. : on W. side of 
Wicomico river, 60 m. S. E. by S. Annapolis. It has some 
coasting trade by vessels of considerable burden. 

WuriE Haven, p. v., Luzerne en., Ptur). : on W. bank 
of Lidiigh r.,and on the line of the Lehigh and Susquehan- 
na II. P., 7S m. N. K. Ilarrisburg. 

Whiteheak island, Lincoln county, Me. : S. W. of W. 
entrance of Penobscot bay, -15 m. S. K. Augusta. It con- 
tains a light-house. {See. LiOHT-Horses.) 

White Hill, p. o., Giles county, Tenn. : 70 miles S. 
Nxshville. 

WiiiTi: House, p. o., Henr)' co., Ga. : 61 m, N. W. by W. 
Mi I ledge ville. 

White House, p. o., Randolph co., K. Car. : 72 m. W. 
Raleigh. 

White House, p. o., Me<;klenburg co., Vii-o. : on S. side 
of Roanoke river, "^^ m. S. W. Richmond. The Roanoke 
Valley R. K. will pass ihrough this place. 

White House, p. o., Williamson co.. Ttnn. 

White House, p. v. and sta., HuntA?rdf.n co., IT. Jer.: on 
S. E. side of Rockaw.ay cr., 26 m. N. Trenton. The New 
Jersey Central R. R. passes through, 50 m. from New York, 
2S m. from Easton. 

White House, p. o., Cumberland county, Pinn.: IS m. 
W. S. W. Harrbburg. 

White Lakk, p. o., Sullivan county, K. Y. : 8S m. S. W. 
Albany. White lake, in the vicinity, is a small but very 
beautiful sheet of water, abounding with flsh, etc. A good 
hotel accommodates summer visitors. 

WniTELEY,t and p. o., Greene co., /^CTin. ;16S ra.W. byS. 
Ilarrisburg. Drained by Whitek-y cr., flowing iuto Monoa- 

029 



WHI 



WHI 



gahela r. It contains several tanneries, grist and saw milla. 
Pop. about 2,500. 

WiuTELEVSBDfia, p. V., Kent co,, Del. : IT m. S. W. by S. 
Dover. 

White Marsh, p. o.^ Columbus county, N. Car. : 99 m. 
S. Kaleigb. 

White Marsh, t and p. o., Monttromery county, Petm. : 
S5 m. E. Harriaburg. Drained by Wissahiekon cr.. which 
affords water-poover to various mills. Pop. oft. ab.uil 2,400. 

White Mills, p. o., Wayne county, Penn. : 124 m. N. E. 
Harrisburg. 

White Mountain, p. o., Coos co., 2^. Uamp. : 74 m. N. 
Concord. 

White Oak, p. o., Columbia co., G't. : 64 m. N. E. by E. 
Milled geville. 

White Oak, p. o., Eitchie co., Virff. : 233 ra. N. W. by W. 
Richmond. 

White Oak, L and p. o., Ingham county, Mich. .* 522 m. 
S. E. by E. Lansing. Pop. in 1S40, 270; in 1S50. SOS. 

White Oak, p. c, Hopkins co., Tex. : 247 m. N. N. E. 
Austin City. 

White Oak, p. o., Humphreys co., Tenti. ; 43 m. W. by N. 
Nashville. 

Whjte Oak Geove, p. a, Dubois county, Iiid. : 102 m. 
S. S. W. Indianapolis. 

WniTB Oak Grove, p. o,, Greene county, J/o. : 117 rn. 
S. W. by S. Jefferson City. 

White Oak Hill, p. o., Fleming co., Ky. : 72 m. E. by N. 
Frankfort. 

White Oak Sprikg, p. v., La Fayette co.. Wise, : near 
Illinois State line, 66 m. S. W. Madison. 

White Oak Sprtngs, p. o., Brown county, 111.: 69 m. W. 
Springfield. 

White Path, p. o., Gilmer co., Ga. : 152 m. N. W. by N. 
Mi Hedge ville. 

White Pigeon, t, p. v., and sta., St. Joseph's co., Wch. : 
SO m. S. W. by S. Lansing. Drained by Pigeon and Fawn 
rivers, branches of St. Joseph r. The v. contains 2 churches 
and several stores. The Michigan Southern E. E. passes 
through, 119 m. from Chicago, 12S m. from Monroe. Pop. 
of t 794. 

White Plains, p. v., Benton county, Ala. : on W. side of 
Chocolocko cr., 105 m. N. N. E. Montgomery. 

White Plains, p. t., Greene co., Oa.: 30 m. N. N. E. 
Milledgeville. It contaiua an academy, 2 churches, and 
several stores, etc 

White Plains, t., p. v., sta., and cap. We.stchester county, 
K. Y.: 116 m. S. Albany. Bounded W. by Bronx r.. and 
E. by Mamaroneck cr. The v. contains the county build- 
ings, 2 academies, 6 churches, and about 750 inhabilants. 
The Harlem R. R. passes W. of the v., 26 m. from the City 
Hall, New York; 128 m. from Albany. Pop. of t. 1,414. 

Wuii-E Plains, p. v., Cleveland county, N. Car. : 153 m. 
W. by S. Raleigh. 

White Plains, p. v., Jackson co., Teiiii. : 75 m. E. N. E. 
Nashville. 

White Plains, p. v., Brunswick county, Virff. : 65 m. 
S. S. W. Richmond. 

White Pond, p. o., Barnwell district. S. Car.: 60 ra. 
8. by W. Columbia. 

White Post, p. o., Pulaski county, Ind. : 32 m. N. N. W. 
Indianapolis. 

White Post, p. v., Clark co., Virff. : 115 m. N. by W. 
Richmond. 

White RrvEB, p. c, Desha co., ArX^ : on White r., at its 
entrance into the Mississippi, S^i m. S. E. by E. Litlle Rock. 
White Riveb, p. o., Morgan county, Ind. : 32 m. S. W. 
Indianapolis. 

Wuri-E iliTER Junction, p. V. and 3ta.,Windsor CO., Ver^n.: 
on W. side of Connecticut r., at couflui'nce of White r., 
by E. R. 62 m. S. E. by S. Montpelier. The v. is pleasantly 
built, and contains an extensive iron-foundry and machine- 
shop; but derives its business and importance from the 



raih-oads here connecting: viz., Vermont Central R. E. 
Connecticut and Passumpsic Rivers E. E., and Northern 
(N. Hamp.) R. E. 

White River Village, v, and stft., Windsor co., Venn. : 
on M'hite r., and Vermont Central E. E., 1 m. from While 
River Junction, and by railroad, 61 m. fmrn Mimlpelier. It 
is built upon an elevated plain, principally upon thy N. side 
of ihe r., and is encircled on Ibe N. by a bill. A dam is 
here thrown across the stream, affording water-power on 
both sides. 

White Road, p. o., Forsyth co., K. Car. : 99 m. W. N. W. 
Raleigh. 

White Eock. t. and p. v., Ogle co., 111. : 153 m. N. by E. 
Springfield. The t. eonlains considerable prairie land, and 
is drained by Slillman's river. 

White Euck, p. o., Yancey county, ItT. Car. : 192 m, W. 
Raleigh. 

White Rock, p. o., Navarro co., Tex.: 146 m. N. N. E. 
Austin City. 

Whitesboro', v. and sta., Oneida county, X. Y. : on S. W. 
bank of Mohawk r., S7 m. W. N. W. Albany. Settled in 
17S4; incorporated in 1S13. It is very pleasantly built, and 
its streets are finely ornamented with shade trees. It con- 
tains the county buildings, 5 churches, 2 excellent academies, 
several large manufactories, and 1 bank, cap. $120,000. The 
New York Central R. R. passes through it, 4 m. from Utica, 
99 m. from Albany, 49 m. from Syracuse. Pop. about 2,000. 

Whitesbueg. p. v., Madison county, Ala. : on N. side 
of Tennessee r., 15S m. N. Montgomerj'. 

Wuitesbubg, p. v., and cap. Letcher county. Ky. : 123 m. 
E. S. E. Frankfort. It contains the county buildings. 

White's Corners, p. o., Erie county, Jf. Y. : 256 m. W, 
Albany. 

Wuite'3 Corners, p. c, Potter county, Penn.: 110 m 
N. N. W. Harrisburg. 

White's Creek, p. o., Bladen co., K. Ca/i'. : SO m. S, by E. 
Eal.igli. 

Whitesides county, PI. Situate N. W., and contains 
729 sq. ni. Eock r. flows through the co. from E. to S. W., 
by which and its branches it is druined. Surface varied, 
part being level and part undulating; soil productive. 
Wheat and Indian corn are exported. Farms 1,404; 
manuf. 24; dwell. 923, and pop.— wh. 5,859. fn col. 2— 
total 5.361. Capital: Sterling C. H. Public Works: 
Chicago. Albany, and Caraanche E. E. 

Whiteside's Corners, p. o., Saratoga co., K. Y. : 40 m. 
N. Albany. 

White Springs, p. v., Hamilton county, Flor. : S6 m. E. 
Tallahassee. 

White Stone, p. o., Lancaster co., Virg. : 55 ra. E. by N. 
Richmond. 

White's Store, p. o., Chenango co., N. Y.: on W. side 
of UnadiUa r., S7 m. W. by S. Albany. 

White's Store, p. o., Anson co., N. Car. : 96 ra. S. W 
Raleigh. 

WuiTt£TowN, t., p. v., and one of the caps. Oneida co., 
a: )'. .■ hS miles W. N. W. Albany. Bounded N. E. by 
Mohawk r., and drained by Sadaquadaand Oriskany creeks, 
which afford water-power. It contains several flourishing 
villages, of which Whitesboro* contains the Whitestown 
p. o. and the county buildings. The Erie Canal, and 
CiMiiral R. E. pass through its N. part. Pop. of t. in 1840 
5,156; in is'ili. 6,8111. 

WuiTESTOWN. v., Adams CO., Penn.: 22 m. S. W. Harris- 
burg. It contains a cold-blast charcoal furnace, with annual 
capacity of 1,100 tons, employing 66 men, 

Whitestown, p. 0., Butler co., Penn.: 168 m. W. N. W. 
Harrisburg. 

WiUTE Sdxphur, p. o., Scott county, JTy. ,• 20 m. N. E. 
Frankfort. 

WuriE Sulphur Springs, p. v., Limestone county, Ala. : 
175 m. N. by W. Montgomery, 

White Sulphur Springs, p. v., Merriwether county, Ga,: 



WHI 



WIL 



on small branch of CUaltahoochie river, % m. W. by 3. 
Milledgeville. 

"WuiTE SuLPHUP. Springs, p. o., Catahoula parish, La. : 
103 m. N. W. by N. Batun liouge. 

WniTB SrLPmTP. Spkisgs, p. v., Greenbrier co., Virg.: 
on a branch of Greenbrier r., 156 m. W. by N. Richmond. 
These valuable mciicinal springs have for many years been 
th(j principal summer res-irt in Virginia. Their locatiun is 
in an elevated and beautifully picturesque valley surrounded 
by mountains. The average number of visitors per annum 
is usually 6 to 6,000; aud upon the completion of the 
Covington and Ohio R. U., which will pass through this 
place, will be greatly increased. 

Whitestille, p. v., Harris eo., Ga. : on branch of Chatta- 
boochie r., Ill m. W. by S. Milled geviUe. 

WniTESviLLE, p. v., 'Wilkinson co., Jfi-ss.: near Louis- 
iana State line, 109 m. S. S. W. Jackson. 

WiUTEsviLLE, p. c, Ilalifax co., Vtrg. : 94 m. S. W. 
Richmond. 

WuiTESVTLLE, p. V., Ailcghanv CO., 2r. Y. : on branch of 
Genesee r., 21S m. W. S. W. Alhauy. It contains several 
mills, stores, etc., and 2 churches. 

"WuiTESVTLLE, p. V.. sta.. and cap. Columbus co., -K Car. : 
on W. side Whitemarsh cr., 93 m. S Raleigh. It contains 
the county buildings, stores, etc. The Wilmington and 
Manchester E. R. passes through it, 43 m. from Wilmington. 
Fop. about 350. 

■VTuiTEBViLLE, p. o.j Androw CO., Jfo. : 170 m. N. W. Jef- 
ferson City. 

WuiTE Top, p. o., Sullivan co., Tenn. : 240 m. E. by N. 
NasltviUe. 

WniTEviLLE, p. v., Hardeman co., Ttnii.: 145 m. W. S.W. 
Nashville. Pop. about MO. 

WuiTE Watee. p. o.. Pike co., Ala. : on E. side of branch 
of Pea r., 54 ni. S. E. by S. Montgomery. 

White Water, I., Hamilton co., Ohio : 102 m. S. W. by W. 
Columbus. Drained by Whitewater r. It contains several 
pleasant villages, among wliich is a Shaker setLlcment. See 
Watebvliet, etc. Pop. 1,567. 

White Watee, p. o., Fayette co,, Ga. : SO m. W. N. W. 
Milledgeville. 

WnriE Water, p. o., Wayne co., Iii'L : near Ohio State 
line, 64 ni. E. by N. Indianapolis. 

■White Watek, t., p. v., and sta., Walworth co., Wise. : 
89 m. S. E. by E. Madison. Watered by tributaries of Hock 
r. The Milwaukie and Mississippi R. 11. passes through the 
v., in N. W. part of t., 5i) m. from MUwaukie, 20 m, from 
Janesville. Pop. oft. 1,2.V2. 

White Water river, /nd. : is formed at Brookville, 
Franklin co., by the confluence of the E. aud W. forks ; 
Ihence it flows S. E. and S., to its entrance into Miami r., 6 
m. above its mouth. It aff-jrds water-power, has an aver- 
age width of 300 feet, and is navigable in high wadr. 

White Water river, Jfo. and A/-k\: is formed in Cape 
Girardeau co.. Mo., by several head branches ; th'Mice flows 
in general courses, by W., and nearly parallel to the Mis- 
sissippi, until it enters SU Francis bay, in Mississippi county, 
Arkansas. 

Whitinq, t. and p. o., Washington county, J/"''. ; 109 m. 
E. by N. August.1. Surface diversified by numerous ponds. 
Machias bay lies on it.^ S. W. border. Pop. 470. 

Wiutisg, t, p. o., and sla., Addison co., Tt'/vn.; 41 m. 
P. W. Montpelier. An agricultural township. The Kut- 
Umtl and Burlinglun i:. P.. passes through its K. pari, al'>iig 
the banks of Otter creek, 75 m. from Bellows Falls, 45 m. from 
Burlington. Pop. oft. 629. 

WniTiNGHAM, t. and p. o., Windham co., Vfr})}. : 106 m. 
S. by W. Montpelier. Drained by Deerfleld r. and branches. 
It contains abundance of limestone, and an excellent miu- 
eral spring. Pop. l,aS0. 

Wumss, sta., Worcester co., J/iws. ; on Providence and 
Worcester E. R., 17 ra. from Worcester, 26 in. frotu Provi- 
dence, a4 m. S. W. by W. Boston. 



WuiTiNsviLLB, p. v., Worcestef co., J/lws, ; on liranch of 
Blackst/ine r.. 36 m. S. W. by W. Boston. '' ^ 

WuiTLEY county, /;/»/. Situate N. E., and contains 834 
sq. m. Drained principally by Eel r. and its tributaries. 
In the N. and middle portions the surface is undulating— 
sometimes hilly ; but in the S. level. Forest land, inter- 
spersed with wt't prairies, preponderate; but there are also 
considerable bottoms and barrens. Farms 522 ; manuf. S ; 
dwell. 913, and pop.— wh. 5,095, fr. col. 95— total 6,190. 
CapiUil: Columbia. 

Whitley county, Ky. Situate 9. E., and contains 704 sq. 
m. Drained by Cumberland r. and its branches. Surface 
hilly ; soil fertile, and in general very productive, the up- 
lands being well adapted to grazing, and much gruin is 
raised. Chief productions, Indian C'ira auil tobacco. Farms 
9S0: manuf. U; dwell. 1,214, and pop.— wh. 7,227, fr. col. 
19. si. 201— total 7,447. CapiUd : Williamsburg. Public 
Works : Knoxville and Lexington R. R. 

WniTLKv C. H., p. v., and cap. Whitley co., Ltd. : ia 
C-olumbia v., on N. W. side of Eel river, 101 m. N. N. E. 
Indianapolis. 

Whitley C. H., p. v., and cap. Whitley co., K>j, : in 
Williamsburg v., on S. side uf Cumberland r.,SS m. S. S. E. 
FrankforL 

Whitley's Point, p. o., Shelby co., TU. : 65 m. E. S. E. 
Springfield. 

WiiiTLEvviLLE, p. o., Jacksou CO., Teniu : 55 m. E. N. E. 
Nashville. 

Whitney's Coeneks, p. o., JeflTerson co., N, Y. : 162 m. 
N. W. by W. Albany. 

Whitney's Point, p. o., Broome county, y. Y. : 116 m. 
W. by S. Albany. 

Whitney's Valley, p. v. and sta., Alleghany co., !^. Y. : 
on Buffalo and New York City li. R.. 73 ra. from Bufl'alo, 
13 m. from HoruL-lls\ ilk-, 214 m. W. Albany. It contains 2 
churches, several stores, etc. 

Whitnbyville, p. V. and sta., Washington co., Zfe.: on 
S. W. side Machias r., and on the Franklin E. K, 9 m. from 
Macliiasport, 114 m. K. by N. Augusta. 

WiiiTXEYviLLB, p. o., Kent CO., Mich. : 5S ra. W. N. W. 
Lansing. 

Whittlicsey, p. o., Medina co., Ohio: 96 hl N. E. by N. 
Columbus. 

WaiTiLE's Mills, p. o., Mecklenburg co., Virg. : 87 m. 
S. W. by S. Richmond. 

Wic-K, p. o., Tyler county, Vlr-j.: 2S0 m. N. W. by W. 
Richmond. 

WiCKP-oiui, p. v., Washington co., 7?. I. : on W. side of 
branch of Narragansett bay, 9 m. N. W. Newport It hoB 
a good harbor, an'l employs considerable tonnage in the 
fisheries and c^'asliiig-lrade. It contains three churches, an 
acarlemy, and one hitnk. Pop. about .VH). The SUinington 
and rnnidt-nee R. R. passi-s through Wiekfurd Dep6t, 3 m. 
W. of tin; village, 30 miles from titoniugton, 20 miles from 
Providence. 

Wii.Ki.ifFJT p. v.. Chambers county, Ala. ; 66 m. E. N. E. 
Montg^JMiery. 

WicKLiFiE, p. v., Crawford co., Ind.: 98 m. 9. by W. of 
Indianapolis. 

WicKLiKFE, p. v., Jackson co., Ia.: 54 m. N. E. of Iowa 
City. 

WicKLiiTE, p. v.. Lake co., Ohio: 140 m. N. E. by N. of 
Columbus. 

Wicomico CniiKcn, p. o., Northumberland co., Virg.: 
5S m. E. N. K. Richmond. 

Wr« oNiscA, t and p. o., Dauphin co., Perm. : 32 m. N. of 
Ilarrisburg. Poj). ol t. aI>out 500. 

Wu'RMAs's, p. o., Abbeville district, S. Car.: 75 m. W. 
C-dumbia. 

Wilhi'.aham, t and p. v., Ilampdcn ca, JffM«. ; 72 m. 
W. by 8. Boston. Drained by head branches of Bcantie river, 
and other Ptreanis flowing into the Connecticut r. The v. 
contains two churches and the Wesleyan Academy, a flouf- 

931 



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WIL 



ishing Meihodist inslilution. The Western R. K. passes 
Uirough the N. part of the t. Pop. of t. 2.127. 

WjLCos county, Ala. f^ituate towari.1 the S. W., nnd con- 
taina 906 sq. m. Alabama r flowa through it, by which 
and its branches it is drained. Surface uneven; soil in 
some parts very fertile ; on the streams tlie land is in gen- 
eral Tery productive. Staples. Indian corn and other grain, 
cotton, rice, and potatoes. It has some good limber land. 
Farms 6(>6; manuf. 6; dwell. 9S.S. and pop.— wh. 5,516, fr. 
col. 1, si. 11.835— total 17,^59. Capital: Camden O. 11. 

Wilcox's Store, p. o.. Casey county, Xy. .• 60 miles S. of 
Frankfort. 

Wild Cat, p. o., Carroll county, Ind. : 53 miles N. N. W. 
Indianapolis. 

Wilderness, p. o., Spottsylvania county, V^rg.: 44 miles 
N. by W. Richmond. 

Wilderness, p. o., Clark eo., Ala. : on small branch of 
Tombigbee r., 309 m. W. S. W. Montgomery. 

Wild Haus, p. o., Izard co., Ark. : 91 m. N. by E. Little 
Bock. 

Wilet'8 Govt;, p. o., Searcy co.. Ark. : on E. side of Cove 
cr., 74 m. N. by W. Little Rock. 

WiLErvTLLE, p. o., Desha co., Ark. : 74 m. S. W. by S. 
Little Rock. 

Wilkes county, Ga. Situate toward the N. K., and con- 
tains 4S6 sq. m. Fishing er. and its branches, and affluents 
of Broad and Little rivers drain the county. Surface level ; 
soil fertile, and adapted to cotton, which is the chief pro- 
duction, nnd also to whi-at and grain, fine crops of which 
are raised. Pork and beef are exported. Farms 4CS; 
manuf. 9; dwell. 709, and pop.— wh. 3,805, fr. col. 21, el. 
8,281— total 12.107. Capitnl : Wa.'^hington. 

Wilkes county, IT. Car. giluate N. W., and contains 
579 sq. m. Drained by Yadkin r. and its branches. Sur- 
face elevated, and diversified with mountains and valleys; 
soil fertile, and well fitted for pasture. Cliief productions, 
tobacco, cotton, and Indian com. This county is bounded 
on the N. W. by the Blue Ridge. Farms 1.097: manuf. 9; 
dwell. 2.050, and pop.— wh. 10.746, fr. col. 211, si. 1,142— to- 
tal 12.099. Capital: Wilkesboro'. 

Wn,KESBARRE, p. b., and cap. Luzerne co., Pt^m. ; on 
8. E. bank of Susquehanna r.. S2 m. N. E. by N. Harrisburg. 
The t. has a diversified surface, and is in the midst of the 
anthracite coal region. The b. occupies a very beautiful 
and elevated situation, and is surroundcl by delightful 
scener>'. It is laid out according to a beautiful plan of gen- 
eral regularity, and is neatly built. The county buiUliu^s 
are handsomely located on a public square at its centre. It 
also contains 3 churches, 2 academies. 1 bank, cap. $S5.?-30, 
1 anthracite blast furnace, with annual capacity of 1,500 
tons, employing 50 men, one of the largest rolling-mills in 
the Union, employing 250 men, and producing annually 
about 3,500 tons, besides other manufacturing establishments. 
The North Branch Division of the Pennsylvania Canal 
passes through the borough. The '* Luzerne Democrat" and 
"Dem. Wachter" are issued weekly. This place, with the 
vicinity surrounding it. are of much historical interest. It 
was first settled under the Susquehnnna Land Company of 
Connecticut, and wag laid out in 1773. Its founders were 
of the best citizens of New England, infelliwent, enterpris- 
ing, and patriotic. Their conflicts in the Revolution with 
the allied British and Indians, especially that of the disas- 
trous "Massacre of Wyoming," are recorded in the annals 
of the nation, and commemorated on the field of their bat- 
tle by a beautiful monument. Pop. in 1840, 1,71S ; in 1S50, 
2,723. 

Wilkesboro', p. v., M'Lean county, III. : 55 m. N. N. E. 
Springfield. 

Wilkesboro', p. v., and cap. Wilkes co., IT. Car.: on S. 
side of Yadkin r., 138 m. W. by N. Raleigh. It contains 
the court-house, jail, stores, etc. Pop. about ISO. 

WiLKEPBORo'. p. v., Covington co., Mm.: on branch of 
Ptarl r, 65 m. S. S. E. Jackson. 

n2 



WiLKEsriLLE. t. and p. v., Vinton co., Ohio : 6S m. S. E. 
by S. Columbus. Drained by Raccoon cr., which affords 
water-power to several grist and saw-mills. The Cincinnati, 
Hillsboro', and Parkersborg K. E. will pass through this t 
Pop. of t 1,037. 

WiLKixs, p. o.. Union co., Ohio: 41 m. N. W. Columbus. 

WiLKiNs, t. and p. o., Alleghany co., Perm. : 10 m. E. by 
S. Pittsburg, 143 miles W. by N. Harrisburg. Population 
about 2,500. 

WiLKiNSBDRO, p. V. and sta., Alleghany co., Penn. : on 
Pennsylvania R. E., 7 m. from Pittsburg, 151 m. W. by N. 
Harrisburg. 

Wilkinson county, Ga. Situate centrally, and contains 
83S sq. m. Drained by Big Sandy and Commissioner creeks, 
branches of Oconee r., which forms its eastern boundary. 
Surface level or undulating; soil fertile, and in part very 
productive. Cotton is the staple, but excellent crops of 
wheat and grain are raised, and fruit is much cultivated, 
oranges, lemons, citrons, peaches, plums, pears, and pome- 
granates being produced of excellent flavor and quality. 
Farms &45 ; manuf. ; dwell. 9S3, and pop.— wh. 5,4G7, fr. col, 
; si. 2,T4o— total 8,212. Capital : Irwinton. Puhlic Works : 
Genrgia Central E. R. ; Milledgeville and Gordon R. R. 

Wilkinson county, Misn. Situate S. W., and contains 
654 sq. m. Drained principally by Buffalo cr., which passes 
through it centrally. Surface in general is hilly, and in 
parts much broken. On the Mississippi, which bounds it on 
the W., the land is high, from which it inclines to the in- 
terior ; soil fertile, and is well adaptc-d to cotton, which is 
the chief production. Farms 404 ; manuf. IS ; dwell. 736, 
and pop.— wh. 3.624, fr. co*. 30, sla. 13,260— total 16,914. 
Capital : Woodville. 

Wilkinsonville. p. v., Worcester co., Mass. : on S. side 
of Blackstone r., 35 m. W. S. W. Boston. 

Wilkinsonville, p. v., Union disL, S. Car, : on W. side 
of Broad r., 70 m. N. N. W. Columbia. 

Will county. III. Situate N. W., and contains 1,152 
sq. m. Drained by Iroquois and Kankakee river?, tributa- 
ries of Illinois river. Surface generally even; in parts it is 
hilly and broken. Soil in many portions ^ery productive. 
Staples, wheat, grain, and poljitoes. Farms 1,200; manuf. 
94 ; dwell. 2,"9G, and pop.— wh. 16,670, fr. col. 33— total 
16,703. Capital: Joiiet Puhlic WorkA: Chicago Branch 
of Central R. R. ; Chicago and Mississippi E. R. ; Illinois 
and Michigan Canal. 

Willamette river, Oreg. Tt^r. : rises in Lane co., flows 
N. E. and N., and empties into Columbia r., nearly opposite 
Fort Vancouver. 

Willamette Forks, p. o., Linn co., Or€ff. Ter. : GO m. S. 
Salem. 

Willet, t. and p. o., Cortlandt co., IT. Y. : 114 m.W.byS. 
Albany. Drained by OtseUc r. Pop. 923. 

Willet, p. o., Greene co., TTwc. ; 35 m. S. S.W. Madison. 

Willetville, p. 0., Highland county, Ohio : 59 m. S.S. W. 
Columbus. 

Williams county, Ohio. Situate N.W., and contains 432 
sq. m. Drained by St. Joseph's branch of the Maumee r. 
and its affluents, and Tifiln r. and its branches, which sup- 
ply good water-power. Surface undulating ; soil fertile. It 
contains a mineral spring, which is much frequented on ac- 
count of its medicinal qualities, and the odor of which is 
perceived at the distance of a quarter of a mile. It is well 
wooded. Farms 651; manuf. 29; dwell. 1,390. and pop.— 
wh. 9,018, fr. col. 90— total 8,108. Capital: Bryan. 

Wn.nAMS, p. o., Christian co., JTy. .- 159 m. W. S. W 
Frankfort. 

Williamsboro'. p. v., Granville county, IT. Car.: 42 ra. 
N. by E. Raleigh. Pop. about 100. 

William's Bridge, sta., Westchester county, IT. K; on 
Bronx r. and Harlem R. R.,14 ra. from City Hail. New York. 

WiLLiAJCSDtfRO district, S. Car. Situate toward the K., 
and contains 1,0S7 sq. m. Drained by Black r. nnd its Irib- 
uLufies. and Cedar cr. Surface even; soil varied — in gen- 



WIL 



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f^nil I'trlflt'riri'l piMJiK'tive. Staples, rice an<l cnttun. Farms 
-154: niiuuif. U; dwell. 71T, n,iid pop.— wb. 3,902, fr. rol. 37, 
si. S.-ol^— tf.ial 1-2.477. Capital : Kingstree. Public Works : 
Nnrlli-easlern K. R. 

WiLLiAMsniB.:, p. v., "Wayue eo.. Ind. : on Green's fork, 
5S m. E. by N. Indianapolia. Pop. about 400. 

■WiLLiAM-^KiT.G, t. and p. o., I'lscataquis CO.. Me. : SO ni. 
N. N. E. Augusta. Drained by Pleasant r. and ltd branches. 
Pop. 124. 

"Willi AMSBT-RG, t. and p. v.. Hrunpshire co., J/J/.'-\«. : S5m. 
"W. Boston. Drained by Mill river, which affords water- 
power to several mills and inanulacLoriea. The v. contains 
3 churches. Pop. of t. 1,537. 

WiLLiAMSttuRiJ, p. v., and cap. Covin£;t'.n coutity, Jfi-sfi. : 
57 m. S. E. by i^. Jackson. It contains the cc. biiildhigs. 
Pop. about 100. 

WiLLiAMSisucG, p. V., Callaway county. 3fo. : 2S m. N. E. 
JetTcrson City. Pop. aliout 120. 

Willi AMSBTRG, p. city. Kincrs co., X. }'. : on E. bank of 
East river, 2 m. E. by N. City ITall. New York, 145 m. S. 
Albany. This flourishing city occupies a handsome and 
elevated site, is planned and laid cmi wiih rpgnlarity, and is 
increasing in population and geinral prosperity corrcspoml- 
ing to tlie growth of New York, of whicli it is pr-perly a 
suburb, being connected by the most iniiinatc ties of busi- 
ness. It is well built and paved, and lighted with gas. It 
was incorporated as a village in 1827, and chartered as a 
city April 7, ls51. Its situation for business is most favor- 
able, and its manufactures are varied and very extensive. 
The ehip-yards in its N. W. part are among the largest and 
most important in the vicinity of New York, employing sev- 
eral hundred men. A very large proportion of its citizens 
are engaged in daily business in New York, to which four 
steam ferries have boats constantly plying. The general 
municipal government is vested in a mayor and twelve 
aldermen (four from each of three wants), who hold olBce 
for two years. The police, fire, and other departments are 
constituted upon plans similar to those of Ne.w York, but 
varied by the particular wants of this city. The City "Water- 
Works, couitnenced in 18o3, are in progress toward com- 
pletion. The churches r.re aiwut thirty in number, many 
of which are very commodious and handsome ediflees. 
Among the public buildings, the Odeon is the principal 
hall for public entertainment, etc. Its puVdic schools, ar- 
ranged according to the general State system, are well con- 
ducted, and considerable interest is manifested in educatiim 
by the cili2fns generally. The newspaper press, in 1>^'J0. 
consisted of four dailies, viz., '■ W. Gazette" (whig), '-W. 
Times" (neut.), "Independent Press" (dcm.'), and "Demo- 
cratic Advocate." In 1?53, the construction of avenue rail- 
roads and other improvements, are operating with most 
beneficial influence upon the growth of the cily. Pop. in 
1S35, about 3,000; in 1S40, 5,094 ; in 1S45, 11.33^: in Is^O, 
30,7S6. The population at Uie present time (duly, 1?53) is 
perhaps little less than 50,000. 

WiLLTAMSBrr.'*.. p. v., De Kalb co., III.: on Sycamore r., 
IfS m. N. N. E. Springfield. 

WiLLiAMSBUitd, p. v., Iredell co.. J^, Car.: on E. side 
of Rock cr.. 116 m. W. by N. Kaleigh. 

WiLLiAMSBrRO, t. and p. v., Clermont co., Ohio : ^2 m. 
S.W. by S. Columbus. Drained by E. fork of Little .Miami 
river. Pop. of v. about 500 : oft. 1,RS5. 

"WiLLiAMSBrRG, p. b., P-lair county, Pfnn.: on S. side 
.Juniata r.. 72 m. W. by N. Harrisburg. Incorp-^ral'd in 
1823. It cont.ains 5 churches, several mills, aiul other man- 
ufacturing ostaldishments. 1 hot-blast charcoal furnace, 
with annual capacity of 1.400 tons, .ind 2 cbarconl forges, 
each annually producing GOO Ions blooms, and cmjiloying 30 
men. Pop. about 850. 

WiLLiAMSBLritfi, p. v., and cap. James City co., Vlrg. : 
4G m. E. S. I'.. Richmond. Pleasantly situated on clcvale<I 
land between James and York rivers. It was first settled in 
1632. and wa? the seat of tlie colonial government. It is 



handsonii'ly laid out with siri-ets crossing at right angles 
The county buildings stand upon a public square. It also 
contains 3 churches, and the O'^lloge of William and Mary, 
which was founded in 1092. and in 1S50 had 7 professors, 36 
students, and 5,otlO vi>lnnies in it=i library, and a flourishing 
law department of 32 students. Pop. 877. 

William's Cenike, p. v., William's co., Ohio: 134 m. 
N. W. Columbus. 

William's Ci-.ors Koads, p. o., Choctaw co., Ala. : IWm. 
W. by S. Montgomery. 

WiLLiAM-SFiEi.D. I. and p. o., Ashtabula Co., Ohio: 15S m- 
N. E. Columbus. Drained by br;inches of iSheuango and 
Pymatuning creeks. Pop. PS2. 

WiLLiAMSox county, I^K Situate S., and contains 432 
sq. ra. I)rained by Muddy and Saline creeks, the former 
being a tributury of tlio Mississippi, and the latter of the 
Oliio. Surface varied; iu siMue ]):irts hilly and broken, but 
in general it is level. Soil fertile, and raises good crops of 
wheat and grain, and is fivornble to the cultivation of to- 
bacco and cotton. Pine limber is to be found on the lan<L 
Farms 752; manuf. 10; dwell. 1,195, and pop,— wh. 7,149, 
fr. ct-1. 67— total 7,21fi. Oipital: Marion. PnhlicWorke: 
.^ancramon and Massac R. K. 

Wii-LiAMSos county, T<mi. Situate W, centrally, and 
contains .^36 sq. nu llarpcth r., a branch of Tennessee r., 
passes through the co., by which and its branches it is 
drained. Surface level or gently utidutating; soil fertile. 
Staples, wheat, grain, tobacco, and cotton. It has a good 
growth of timber. Farms l,3,'i5; manuf. Ti-t; dwell. 2,534, 
anti pop.— wh. 14,267, fr. col. 70, sl. 12,864— total 27.201. 
Capita!.; Franklin. Puhlic Works: Nashville and New 
Orleans U. K. 

Williamson coimty, T'-^'.a Situate E. centrally, and con- 
tains I,1S7 sq. m. I)rain<'d by San G;^bri^d r. and iLs N. and 
S. forks, and by P>rushy cr. au'l its branches. Surface va- 
ried, part of it being mnuntjiinous, and part level or rolling 
—the latter p'>rti'-ns being mostly prairie, with groves of 
limber interspersed. Soil f -rtile and very productive, yield- 
ing lar^e crops (>f grain, cntion, and potatoes. Indigo grows 
wild, and might, by cullJv.-dinn, be rendered ver>- valuable. 
Wheat, aUo, succeeds well, and the laud is in general favor- 
able to all asricullural jiroductions. Farms 107 ; manuf. 1 ; 
dwell. 2:J0,and pop.— wh. 1,410, fr. col. 3, sj. 155— total 1,56S. 
Cajiitiil : Georgetown. 

Williamson, t. and p. v., Wj-yne county. A' }'. .• 182 m. 
W. by N. Albany. Pr;iini-d by small sfeams flowing into 
Lake Ontario, which bonniis it on the N. Pop. of v. about 
160; of t., 2.380. 

WiLLTAMso.N, p. v., Jcff'T-on couuty, -SV- .* 40 m. W. 
Frankfort. 

WiLiiAMsoN, p. v., Owen co., Tnd.: 4T m. S. W. by 6. 
Indianapolis. 

WiiLiAMSON^s MiLTj*. p. o., LexJuglon district. S. Car.: 
on smrdl bnanch of N. Edislo r., 42 m. S. S.W. Ci-Iumbiiu 

WiLLiAMsoNviLLF., p. V., Macou CO., 3fo. : 90 m. N. by W. 
Jefferson City. 

WiLi.iAMSPORT, p. v., and cap. Warren co., Jnd. : on W. 
bank of Wabash r.. CO m. N. W. by W. Indiannpniis. It 
has a good Landing for steamboat.^, carries on nn important 
trade, and is surrounded by a very fertile region. First set- 
tled in 1S29. It c/mtains the county buildings, etc The 
" Wabash Commercial" (whig) is here published. Pop. 
about 450. 

WiLLTAM?i'or.T, p. 0., Point Coupee parish, Za.: 8T m. 
N. W. Uaton Rouge. 

Wn.Lf AMSPor.T. p. v., Washington county, Md. : on N. E. 
bank of Potomac r., 7'.* m. N. W. by W. Annapolis. This 
is the dopflt <if an extensive fertile region, and has excellent 
shipnint; facilities. The Chesapeake and Ohio Canal pjiwtos 
through it, and the Franklin R. R. from Chambersburg will 
be extended to tliis place. It contains a bank, capital 
$l.'?r).000. pup. fllKiut 4,50. 

WiixiAMSpoET, p. b., and cap. Lycoming co., P&nn.: on 



WIL 



WAT 



N. bank of W. braiieli of Susquehanna r., 6G m. N. hy W. 
Hairisburg. It contains the county buiMings, 1 bank, cap- 
ital $100,000, 2 academies, and 4 churches. The " L. Ga- 
zette" (dera.) and " L. Democrat" are issued weekly. The 
"West Branch Division of Pennsylvania Canal passes Ihmugh 
it The Williamyport and Elmira K. E. (conslrueted to 
Ealston. 25 m.), and the Sunbur> and Erie K. R, with other 
projected lines, will greatly increase the business interests 
of this place. Pop. in )&40, 1.353; iu 1S5U, 1,015. 

AYiLLiAMSpoKT, p. v.. Pickawa/ CO., Ohio: on E. side of 
Darby er., 20 m. S. Columbus. 

"WiLUAMsroBT, p. v., Maury co., Tenn.: on S. side of 
Duck er., 3S m. S. W. by S. Nashville. 

"Willi AiispoET, p. v., Hardy eo., Virg.: on branch of 
Potomac r., 143 m. N. N. "VT. Kichmond. 

TViLLiAii's Stoue, p, 0., Berks co., Peiin. : 54 m. E. N. E. 
H^rrisburg. 

TYiLLiAii's Stoke, p. o., llardemau cu., Tcnn, : 125 m. 
"W. S. W. Nashville. 

"\lViLLiAiiBTON, p. v., ftud cap. Martiu co., K. Car.: SS m. 
E. lialeigh. It coutaius the county buildings, etc. Pop. 
about 300. 

WiLLiAiisTos, p. V. and sla., Anderson dist., S. Car. : on 
Greenville and Columbia l;. il., 93 in. AV. N. W. Ctilumbia. 

WiLUAiiSTowx, p. v., Decatur co., InU. : 4S ui. S. E. by E. 
Indianapolis. 

WiLLiAMSTOwN, p. V.. and cap. Grant co., Ky.: S6 m. 
N. N. E. Frankfort. It contains the court-house and sev- 
eral dwellings. 

WiLLiAMSTOTv-N, t and p. v., Berkshire co., ^^flss. : 19 ni. 
N. Pittsfleld, 111 m. W. by N. Boston. Drained by Uo<Jsic 
r, and branches, which afford water-power to several mills 
aud lactones. The v. is on uneven ground, but very pleas- 
ant. Lat of CoDg. ch. ^iP 42' 49" N., long. T30 13' 10" W. 
Williams College, here located, was founded in 1793. and 
in iSoO bad S professors, 1,317 alumni. 179 studeula, and 
13,751 volumes in ita libraries. Pop. of I. 2,C20. 

"WiLLiAMSTowN, p. o., lugham CO., 31u-h, 

"WiLLLAMSTOWN, t,, p. v., and sta., Oswego co., N. Y. : 
124 m. W. N. W. Albany. The Watertowu and Kome K. E. 
passes through, 23 m. from Rome, 54 m. from Waterlown. 
Pop. in 1S40, S42; in 1S50, 1,121. 

"Willi AM8TOWN, p. o., Camden county, iV. Jer.: 37 m. 
S. by W. Trenton. 

"Willi AMSTowN, L and p. o., <.)range eo., Venn, : 10 m. 
S. by E. Montpelier. The t. has an elevated and uneven 
sarface, and contains 5 churches, several mills, etc. Pop- 
ulation 1,452. 

"WiLLLiMSYiLLE, p. V., Erie CO., N. Y. : on N. E. side of 
Ellicolt's cr., 262 ni. "W. Albany. 11 contains 3 churches, 
several mills, aud other manufaclurtng establishments, and 
a large water-lime mill. 

WiLUAMSviLLE, p. V., Kcut CO., Dd. : 15 m. S. S. "W. 
Dover. 

"WiLLiAMsviLLE, p. V., Porson CO., N". Car. : on branch of 
Dan r.. 50 m. N. W. by N. Raleigh. 

"WiLLiAMSviLLK, p. V., Elk CO., Peiin. : on N. county line, 
127 ni. N. "W. llarrisburg. 

"Willi AM6V1LLB, p. o., Dickson co., Tonn.: 37 m. "W. 
Nashville. 

"WiLUAMSTiLLK, p. V., "Wlnclham CO., Yei'Tii. : on branch 
of West r., 95 m. S. Montpelier. 

"Willi A1I6V1LLE, p. v., Dolawaro co., Ohio : 13 m. N. by "W. 
Columbus. 

"ft'iLUAMSvaLE, p. 0., BalU co., Yirg.: 123 m. "W. N. "W. 
EicUmond. 

"WiLLiMANSETT, p. V. and sta., Hampden co., Maes. : on 
E. bank of Connecticut r., 77 m. W. by S. Boston. The 
Connecticut River R. E. passes through, 6 m. from Spring- 
field. 

"WiLLiMANno, p. b. and eta., "Windham co., Conn, : on 
N. side of Willimanlic r., 23 m. E. by S. Hartford. It con- 
tains several very largo cotton factories, other mills, and 4 
934 



churches. The '* Public Medium" (neut.) is issued weekly. 
The railroads passing through this place are, Hartford, 
Providence, and PMshkill R. E., 32 m. from Hartford ; New 
London, Willimantio. and Palmer R. K , 311 m. fr'im New 
London, 86 m. from Palmer; and the projected New York 
and Boston Direct E. R. 

"WiLUNG, p. 0., Alleghany CO., K Y. : 224 m. "W. by S. 
Albany^ 

WiLLiNGTON. t. and p. v., Tolland county, Conn. : 21 ra. 
E. by N. Harlf'trd. Drained by branches of Willimantic r., 
which sujiply good water-power. The New London. TiVil- 
limantic, and Palmer E. E. passes on its "W. border. In 
the V. are 2 churches. Pop. of t. 1,399. 

"WiLLiSGTON, p. v., Abbeville dist., S. Car. : SO m. "W. 
Columbia. 

"WiLLiSBuRG, p. o., "Washington co., A't/.: 35 m. S. S. "W. 
Frankfort. 

AViLLiSTON, p. V. and sta., Barnwell dist., S. Car. : on 
South Carolina R. R., 99 m. from Charleston, 38 m. from 
Augusta., 45 m. S. S. "W. Columbia. 

"WiLUSTON, p. o., Potter co., Perm. : 110 m. N. "W. by N. 
Harrisburg. 

WiLLiPTox, t, p. v., and sta., Chittenden co., Verm.: on 
8. side of Onion r., 26 m. "W. N. "W. Montpelier. Surface 
uneven. Drained by small streams. The "Vermont Central 
E. R. passes through its N. E. part, 106 m. from "Windsor. 
The V. is handsomely built. Pop. of t. 1,699. 

"WiLLoroHBY, t., p. v., and sta., Lake co., Ohio: 133 m. 
N. E. by N. Columbus. Chagrin r. flows on its E. border 
into Lake Ontario, which bounds it N. The v. contains 2 
churches, several storeys, etc. The Cleveland and Erie R. K. 
passes llirough it, IS m. from Cleveland, 77 m. from Erie. 
Pop. of t. 2.fiSl. 

"WrLLOUGHBY lake and river, Orleans co., Verm. : the lake 
in "VN' est morel aud town is a large and handsome sheet of 
water, and the river, its outlet, is the principal uibulary of 
Barton river. 

"Willow Creek, p. o., Marquette county, F»se. : 7G m. 
N. by E. Madison. 

"Willow Ceeek, p. o., Lee co., Ill: ISO in. N. by E. 
Springfield. 

^ViLLOw Ckeek, p. 0., Marion dist,, 51 Car.: »0 m. E. 
Columbia. 

"Willow Dale, p. o., Trumbull co., <?Azo;.145 m. N. E. 
Columbus. 

"Willow Gbove, p. o., Coweta co., Ga. : 104 m. "W. by N 
Milledgeville. 

"Willow Gbove, p. v., Montgomery co., Penn. : 90 m. E. 
Harrisburg. 

Willow Ghote, p. o., Sumter dist,, S. Car. : on "W. side 
Lynch's cr., .50 m. E. Columbia. 

"WiLLOw Island, p. o., AVoud co., Virg. : 226 m. "W.N.'W. 
Richmond. 

Willow Spring, p. o., Claiborne county, Miss. : 43 m. 
W. S. W. Jackson. 

Willow Springs, L and p. v., Lafayette co., WtJ^e. : 45 m. 
S. W. by W. Madison. Watered by Pekatonica r. Pop- 
of I 606. 

Willow Street, p. o., Lancaster co., Penn. : 36 m. S. E. 
by E. Harrisburg. 

WiLLisBORo'. t. and p. v., Essex co., lif. Y. : on W. side 
of Lake Champlain, 113 m. N. by E. Albany. The v. on 
Boqnet r. contains several mills, etc Pop. of v. about 500; 
of t. 1,932. 

Wills' Creek, p. o., Coshocton co., Ohio: on creek of 
same name, 05 m. K. by N. Columbus. 

WiLLSEYviLLE, p. v. Hud sla., Tioga CO., N. Y. : on Cayuga 
and Susquehanna E. E., 14 m. from Oswego, 19 miles from 
Ithaca, 133 m. W. by S. Albany. 

WiLLsniRE, t. and p. v.. Van Wort county, Ohio: !»3 milea 
W. N. W. Columbus. Drained by St. Mary's r., on the S. 
bank of which is the v., containing in ISoO 147 inhabitants. 
Pop. of t. in IS^IO, 434 ; iu 1.^50, 1,053. 



<*•' 



WIL 



WIL 

an<i 'A banks, with aff^n-irate cap. of $l,n5i).fRiO. It is liiihted 
by iTiis tlisliUed fruni wuoil. In ISJO, it8 newspajJiT press 
pompriaed 6 issues, viz., "Commercial" (whig), tri-wtfckly 
and weekly; 2 seiiii-weeklifs, "Aurora'' (lu-utral), and 
'•■Ionrn:d" iiit-ni.); 2 weeklies, "Chronicle" (whig), and 
'■ ItMiffiout Inlelliu'enccr" (Bapt.). 

The railroaiiseiitcriiiir Wilmin^lon are, Wilminsrton ami 
W'eMon K. i:. (Iriiin Wel<l<m 1(52 m.); and Wilminglnn and 
Man-hester li. K. ilVoni Manchester 15G m.) ; both of which 
are very imporlant avenues of travel and trade. The harbor 
h;ia a shoal al its t-nirance, but admits vessels of 300 tons. 
The r. is divided into 3 channels by 2 islan^ls. which are 
the finest rice (ieMs in the State. The total tonna£:e of this 
district on June 30th, Is^o, was 15,iyS tons. The registered 
lonnaEje amniiiited to 9.123 tons, oonaislin^ of l,4Jt6 tona 
permanent, and 7,71T tons temporary. The enrnlli-d and 
licensed lonnaije amounled to 6,U"5 tons, all permanent, and 
fuiployed in the coasline: trade, of which 2,949 tons were 
propeUed by steam. Its foreiifn commerce during the year 
precedincr, consisted of 175 clearances — 31,09S tons, and US 
entrances, 20,070 tons. Vejjsels built during the year. 4 
(1 lirii:, 1 schooner, 2 steamers) — tS3 tons. The principal 
e.\p<prl;i of Wilmington during 1S52, were us follows: 

C'-ii-tivise. Foreign. Total. 

Lumber feet .. 17.I:i5.SS5 . . 15.21)1,000 ..32.83G,&59 

Timber " .. l.(i2,V202.. 2,3S3.SU .. 3,4u9,016 

Tur|.enline ..bbls. .. C:i.07l .. 83,r)9G .. %,fiG3 

RoMn " . . 820,219 . . IS.OSl . . 339,2(i0 

Tar " .. 17,522.. 2137.. 19,<;59 

I'lt.-h " . . e.titiO . . 1,146 . . 7,806 

Peiimils biTsh.. . — . . — . . 93,255 

CuIIon bales.. — .. — .. 4,13G 

Value ^3,yyi,5f>I.S3 $54'$,lU7.T4 $4,540,609 

In 1?52, tbe numlier of steamboats of this port was 15 
(10 high pressure. 5 low pressure), with aggre^rate tonnage 
of 3.014 t'ln?. An V. S. naval oftlcer is stationed at this 
porU I'oii. in 1S30, 3.701); in 1840, 4,744; in 1S50, 7,264. 

"WiLMiNGTuM, t, and p. v., Ks.Hex co., N. Y.: i24 m. N. 
Albany. Drained by "Wihninglon r., on which the village 
i^ situate. Excellent iron ure is abundant aukl exteu&ivcly 
wroughU Pop. oft. 1,176. 

Wn.MiNdToy, p. v., and cap. Clinton co., Ofiio: 54 m. 
S. W. Columbu.s. It contains the county buiMings and 5 
chiinhes. Laid out in ISIO. The Cincinnati, Wilmington, 
and Zanesvillo II. K. is in construction through this place. 
Thi^ '•Clini.in Uepiililican" (whig), and "Weekly Em- 
pyrean" (fr. soil) an; licre published. Pi>p. 1,23S. 

Wii MiSGTON. t. and p. v., Windham (S)., Verm.: 102 ni. 
S, by W. Montpelier. Draincl by Dcerfleld river and 
branches. The v. near the centre is pleasant and neatly 
biiilL The " Green Mountain Eagle" is here published. 
r..p. of 1. 1.372. 

WiLMiNGTos. p. v., Fluvanna co,, Virg. : on E. side of 
Uivanna r., 44 m. W. N. W. Uichmond. 

WiLMoriK, p. o., Cambria co., re?i7i. : 101 m. W. by N. 
TIarrisburg. 

Wii-M'^T, L and p. o., Merrimac co., i^. Uornp.: 26 m. 
N. W. Concord. Drained by Bmall streams which afford 
water-power. Pop, 1 .272. 

Wii.MoT. p. o.. Kodiie CO., ///. ; near Wisconsin State line, 
ICr. m. N. by K. Springfield. 

■Wii.Mor, J), o., Kenosha co,, WUc: 81 m. E. S. E. 
Madison. 

WiLM'iT. p. o., Noblo county, IjuI.: 114 miles N. N. E. 
Indiaiuipolis. 

Wn.MOT Flat, p. o., Merrimac county, N. Uamp. : 22 m. 
N. W. by W. Concord. 

Wn.ML-i:T, t. an'l p. o., Herkimer co., N. Y.: 66 m. N. W. 
Albany. Pop. in ISlO, 61) : in lS5(t, 112. 

"WiLNA. p. v., Housttm CO., G''i. : on branch of Ocmulgcp 
r., 50 ni. S. ^V. by S. Milleogeville. 

WiLNA, t and p. o., Jefferson co., y. Y.: 134 m. N. W. 

935 



Wills' Point, p. o., Benton county, Teuii. : 72 miles "W. 
Nashville. 

"Wilmington, p. v.. Union co., ArA: : on S. side of Wachita 
r., 93 m. S. Little Rock. 

Wilmington, p. city, port of entry, and oni> of the caps. 
Newcastle co,. Z>^/. .- is pleasantly situated bi.-twern IJran- 
dywine and Christiana creeks, 1 m. above their (■i>n(luence. 
2 in. W. Delaware r„ 37 miles N. Dover. Lat. 39° 41' N. : 
long. 750 2s' W. Distance by railroad from Washington 
ViSm.; Baltimore. 70 in ; Phdadelphia,2S m. : New York, 
115 in. lis site is pba-ant and healthy, on ground rising 
gradually to the height of 112 leet above tide-water. It is 
regularly laid out. with wide •streets crossing at right angles, 
and is well built, chiefly of brick. It is supplied with water 
from the Brandy wine, by extensive water-works, constructed 
like those of Philadelphia. It contains a city ball, several 
county buildings, an arsenal, 2 markel-liou^es, several ex- 
cellent academies, and 19 churches. Tho hospital, located 
upon a fine eminence, is 126 feet long and 3 stories high. 
There are 4 banks, with aggregate capital of .i;7ii0,000. The 
manufactures of Wilmington are various and most exten- 
sive. Great water-power is afforded by tlie falls of the 
Erandywine, and improved by mills ami fact'Tie.s of all 
kinds. The tluuring-mills are, however, the most numer- 
ous and extensive, and among the largest in the Union. 
The making of gunpowder has fi)r many years been exten- 
sively carried on in the vicinity. The navigation interests 
of Wilmington are also large. Vessels drawing 14 feet 
water come to its wharves in Christiana cr,, and Brandy- 
wiim creek admits those drawing S feet water. The total 
tonnage of this district on June 30th, 1S50, was 0.460 tons. 
The register tonnage amounled to 1,651 Ions, viz.. 6S1 tons 
permanent, and 970 tons temporary. The enrolled and 
licensed tt^mnage amounted to 7.S(i9 tons, mostly perma- 
nent, and all employed in the coasting trade, of which 1.429 
tons were priipelled by steam. During the year preceding 
it had no foreign commerce. Vessels built during the year, 
IG (12 schooners, 3 sloops. 1 steamer)— 1,S49 Ions. In 1852 
it had among its vessels 11 steamboats— '2,C si tons. The 
g«;neral business and prosperity of this city are steadily in- 
creasing. It is surrounded by a very fertile agricultural 
district,, has great natural advantages for manufacturing, in- 
dnslfj', and trade, and its connections by railroad insure 
constant communication witli the great cities of the nation. 
Its uew.spaper press in 1?50 consisted of "Delaware Re- 
publican," " Del. Stale Journal." each publishing tri-weekly 
and weekly editions; "Del. Gazette," semi-weekly an<i 
weekly; and 2 weeklies, "Blue Hen's Chicken" (whig), 
and *■ Independent Delawarian" (dem.) Pop, in 1810. 4.416; 
In 1S20, 5,265; in 1S3(), 6,625; in 1S40, ?,367 : in is-^n, 
13,979. An enumeration taken in 1S53 gives the fullowini; : 
6,587 white males, 7,3S9 while females, 920 colored males, 
1,257 colored females— lolal 16,153. 

WiLMENGTON, p. V,, Will CO., III. : on E. side of Kankakee 
r.,127m. N. E. Springfield. 

Wil.min(;ton, p. v., Dearborn county, frul.: on S. side of 
Tanner's cr., 77 m. S. E. by E. Indianapolis. 

Wilmington, t,, p. v., and sta., Middlesex co., Masf. : 
15 n\. N. W. by N. Boston. The t. has a level surface, Iit:ht 
sandy soil, and produces large quantities of hops. It is 
crossed by the Boston and Lowell R, R. ; Boston and Elaine 
E. R. ; Salem and Lowell R. R. ; and a junction branch E. R. 
The V. is small but neatly built. Pop. of t. ^76. 

Wilmington, p. city, port of entry, and cap. New Hanover 
county, iV. Citr,: on Cape Fear r., near the confluence of 
the N. E. and N. W. branches, about 35 m. from the .\tlantic 
Ocean; 125 ra. S. 8. E. Raleigh. Latitude S4'J 11' N. ; 
longitude 7S0 10' W. Its site is rather low, and considered 
somewhat unhealthy. Its favorable position for trade has, 
however, secured a large population, and permanent busi- 
nej^s interests. In 1S19, it sufTc-rcd most severely by a con- 
flagration which destroyed 200 buildings, at a loss of over 
$1,000,000. It contains a court-house, jail, ^^veral churche;*, 



WIL 



WIN 



Albany. I>raiufd by Bluck .inJ Indian rivcr and Iheir 
branches. Pop. 2,993. 

Wilson county, Tenn. Situate N. centrally, and containa 
463 sq. m. Drained byafiluenla of Cumberland r., which 
forma its N. boundary. Surface hilly, and in parts much 
broken ; soil fertile, and produces large crops of tobacco 
and colLon, which are the staples. Large crops of wheat 
and grain are also raised, and pork and beef are exported. 
Timber is atmndant Farms 1,9S3 : raanuf 3C; dwell. 3.411, 
and pop.— wh. 19,915, fr. col. 403, si. 7,127— total 27,444. 
Capital : Lebanon. 

Wilson, t. and p. o., Piscataquis co., Me. : 94 m. N. by E. 
Augusta. Drained by Wilson's creek. 

Wilson, p. c, Edgecomb co., N. Car. : 50 m. E. by N. 
Raleigh. 

Wilson, p. o., Marion county, Ohio: 42 miles N. N. W. 
Columbus. 

Wilson, t. and p. o., Niagara co., 2^. T. : 266 m. W. by 
N. Albany. Interests exclusively agricultural. Surface 
generally level. Drained by small streams. Pop. in 1S40, 
1,753 ; in 1S50, 2,955. 

Wii£0n'3 p. 0., Anderson county, Tetin. ; 150 m. E. 
Nashville. 

Wilson's Creek, p. o., Graves co., ^y. .■ on cr. of same 
name, 228 m. W. S. W. Frankfort. 

Wilson's Ckeek, p. o., Abbeville dist., &'. Car. : S3 m. W. 
Columbia. 

Wilson's Dei-Ot, p. o. and sta., Dinwiddie co., Ylrg. : on 
South Side E. E., 28 m. from Petersburg; 36 m, S, W. 
Eichmond. 

Wilson's Mills, p. o., Venango county, Feiin. : 160 m. 
W. N. W. Harrisburg. 

Wilson'3 Station, p. o.,*Ciint'm co., Ohio: 53 m. S. W, 
Columbiis. 

WiLSONTTLLE, p. V., Shelby CO., Ala.: on W. side of 
Coosa r., 66 m. N. by W. Montgomery. 

WiLSONviLLE, p. 0., Speuccf CO., ATy.; 23 m. W. S. W. 
Frankfort. 

WiLSONTTLLE, p. o., Cocko CO., Tcnti. : 210 m. E. by S. 
Nashville. 

WiLSONViLLE, p. 0., Highland co., Virg. : 130 m.W. N.W. 
Eichmond. 

Wilton, t., p. v., and sta., Fairfield co., C(mn.: 54 m. 
S. W. Hartford. Drained by Norwalk r. and branches, 
which affords water-power. The v. contains 2 churches, 
etc. The Danbury and Norwalk K. E. passes through it, 
7 m. from S. Norwalk, IT m. from Danbury. Population 
of t. 2,066. 

Wilton, t and p. v., Franklin co., Me. : 27 m. N. W. by 
W. Augusta. Drained by branches of Sandy r., whioh 
flow from two handsome ponds, and afford water-power to 
various mills. Pop. of 1. 1,909. 

Wilton, t.. p. v., and sta., Hillsboro' co., IT. Hamp. : 29 m. 
S. S. W. Concord. Drained by Souhegan r. and branches 
which afford water-power. The t. contains several stone 
quarries. Tho v. is neatly built, and is the terminus of 
Wilton R. E. from Nashville, 15 m. The Peterboro' and 
Shirley E. R. touches the S. border of the t., where is a sta., 
20 m. from Groton Junction. Pop. of 1. 1,161. 

Wilton, p. o., Pike county, .4 /-A-.: 9G m. S, W. by W. 
Little Eock. 

Wilton, t and p. o., Saratoga county, jV. Y. : 32 m. N. 
Albany. Drained by a tributary of Iluds-m r. Surface di- 
versified. Interests chiefly agricultural. The Saratoga and 
Washington It. E. crosses the t. Pop. l,45S. 

WiNCHENDON, t., p. V., and sta., Worcester co., Mass. : 
54 m. W. N. W. Boston. Drained by Miller's r., which af- 
fords excellent water-power. One cotton factory contains 
5,700 spindles. The t. contains several etone quarries. The 
V. near the centre Is neatly built. The Cheshire E. E. 
passes a little N. of it, IS m. from Fiichburg, 46 m. from 
Bellows Falls. Pop. of t. in iS4<i, 1,754 ; in 1S5(I, 2,445. 

Winchester, t. and p. v., Litchticld co., Comi. : 2S m. 
93C 



W. N. W. Hartford. Drained by Mad r.jNvhich alTurds 
great wat^-r-pfAver. The principal v. in this t. is West Win- 
sted, which see. Pop. of t. in 1840, 1,667 ; in I'^SO, 2,179. 

Winchester, t. and sla., Middlesex co., Matis. : on Boston 
and Lowell E. E., 8 m. N. N. W. Boston. Pop. 1,353. 

Winchester, p. v., and cap. Scott co., lU.: on N. W. 
bank of Sandy cr., 44 ni. W. by S. Springfield. It contains 
the county buildings, several mills, and manufacturing es- 
tablishments. It has a fine location, and is a thriving place. 
Pop. about SOO. 

WiKciiESTER, p. v., and cap. Eandolph co., Ind. : on S. 
side of W. fork of White r., 64 m, E. N. E. Indian.ipolis. 
First settled in 1S19. It contains the county buildings, etc. 
The Indianapolis and Bellefontaine E. E., in conetrucliou, 
passes through tliis place. The *'W. Patriot'' (whig) is 
here published. Pop. about 300. 

WiNCDESTEK, p. V., Tan Burcn co., Itt. : C5 m. S, S. W. 
Iowa Oily. 

WiNcuESTEK, p. v., and cap. Clark county, A!y. ; 40 m. 
E. by S. Frankfort. It contains the county buildings, 2 
churches, etc A north and south railroad, passing through 
this place, is projected. Pop. about 1,100. 

Winchester, p. v., and cap. Wayne co., Mvis,: on E. 
bank of Chickasawha r., 104 m. E. S. E. Jackson. It con- 
tains the courlrhouse and jail. Pop. about TOO. 

WiNcuESTEB. p. v., Clark co., Mo. : on a branch of Fox r., 
120 m. N. by E. Jefferson City. 

Winchester, L, p. v., and sta., Cheshire co., A''. Umnp. : 
53 m. S. W. by W. Concord. Drained by Ashuelot r., which 
affords extensive water-power. The v. near the centre is 
very handsome, and contains 3 churches, 1 bank, capital 
$100,000, and several manufactories. Three principal wool- 
en factories run about 1,500 spindles. The Ashuelot E. R. 
passes through it, 13 m. from Keene. The " Northern Ad- 
vocate" (free soil) is published weekly. Pop. of t. in 1840, 
2,065 ; in 1S50, 3,296. 

Winchester, p. v., Guernsey co.^ Ohio : S3 m. E. by N. 
Columbus. 

WiNciLESTER, p. 0., Unlon CO., liT. Car. : 110 m. S. W. by 
W. Raleigh. 

Winchester, p. v., and cap. Franklin co., Tenn.: on 
small branch of Elk r., 73 m. S. S. E. Nashville. It con- 
tains the county buildings, several stores, etc. The "W. 
Independent" (deni.) is issued weekly. The Winchester 
and Alabama E. E. is projecled. Pop. about SOO. 

Winchester, p. v., and cap. Frederick co.. H/f?. .■ 116 m. 
N. N. W. Kichmomi. It is regularly laid out. with streets 
crossing at right angles, which are generally well paved. 
It contains the county buildings, lyceum, academy, Masonic 
hall, and 14 churches. Its manufactures and trade are ex- 
tensive and increasing. The Winchester and PotouiacE. K. 
extends hence, 32 m., to Harper's Ferry and junction with 
the Baltimore and Ohio E. E.. The v. als.i contains the 
Winchester Medical School, ha\ing 5 professors; 2 banks, 
with aggregate capital of $680,000, and 1 savings' institu- 
tion. The " W. Eepublican'' (whig) and the " Virginian" 
(dem.) are issued weekly. This place was founded in ]7o2, 
and is of considerable historical interest. Pop. in 1S40, 
8,454 ; in 1S50, about 4,800. 

Wincuestej: Centre, p. v., Litchfield co., Cann.: 25 m. 
N. W. by W. Hartford. 

Wind Creek, p. o., Tallapoosa co., Ala. : 85 m. N. E. by 
E. Montgomery. 

Wind Gap, p. o., Northampton co., TVhjj. .• 90 m. E. N. E. 
Harrisburg. The Wind Gap is an opening in tho Kluc 
Mountain, extending nearly from the bottom to the top. 
Its sides are very abrupt, and it is surrounded by romantic 
scenery. The road from Easton to Wilkcsbarre passes 
through it. 

Windham county. Conn. Situate N. E., and contains 
62ii sq. m. Drained by Qulnnebaug and Shetucket rivers 
and their branches. Surface uneven, and in some parts 
rough and stony ; soil fertile, the larger portion adapted to 



WIN 



WIN 



griiziiii;, while on the streama is some flnc iiK-ailuw lan.l. 
This ca has exceUent waler privileges, and sonic i-xtensivo 
manufacturi-s. Chief products, wheat, Indian com, and 
potatoe.s. Farms 2,4J5 ; maiiuf. 830 ; dwell. 5,494, and pop. 
— wh. 80,512, fr. col. 50T— total 31,079. OipittiL- Broolclyn. 
PiiUia Wiirks: Norwich and Worcester K. U.; New York 
and Boston (.air-line) K. E.; Harllord, Providence, and 
FishliiU E. It. ; Plaiofleld E. R. 

■VVisrniji counly, («■«<. Situate 8. E., and contain.^ 
765 sq. m. Drained Viy WiUiams, West, and Saxlon rivers 
and their tributaries, which supply atjundant water-power. 
Surface hilly, and in the western portion mo\nitainous : soil 
fertile in some parls, generally suited for pasture and the 
growtll, of graiit. It luis excuUent granite and limestone 
quarries. Chief products, wheat, Indian corn, etc. Farms 
S,3C3; manuf. 197; dwell. 5,374, and pop.— wh. 29.(i25, fr. 
col. 37— total 29,(lfi'i. Ctijntid : Fayelteville. J'Mic Woris : 
Vertuont Valley li. K., etc. 

■Wi.N-iiiiAM, t. ami p. v., Windham co., Com.: 2S m. 
E. by S. Hartford. Drained by Shelucket r. and branches, 
which afford good water-power. The t. contains several 
flourishing villages, of which Williniantio is the principal. 
The v. near the centre contains 2 churches, an academy, 
eevcral stores, and 1 bank, cap. $GO,UOO. Top. of t. m 1340, 
8,332 ; in 1350, 4,636. 

WisiiUAM, t, and p. v., Cumberl.inrl counly. Me.: 47 m. 
S. W. Augusta. Drained by branches of Presumpscot r., 
which furni.sh mill privUcges. Interests entirely agricultu- 
ral. Pop. of t. 2,330. 

Wentkam, t.. p. v., and stx,Eockingham co., A'. ITfimp. : 
85 m. S. S. E. Concord. Watered by several ponds and 
branches of Merrimac r. The ilanchester and Lawrence 
E. E. cro.5Scs N. E. comer of the t., 15 m. from Manchester, 
12 m. from Lawrence. Pop. of t. 813. 

Windham, t. and p. o., Greene CO., i(^ T.: 32 m. S. W. 
Alb.any. Drained by PataviakiU or Eed Kill cr. Surface 
hilly and mounl-iinous, with intervening valleys; soil on 
the flats rich and productive— the hills good grazing lands. 
Hemlock is abundant, and is extensively used in the tan- 
neries. Aliout 2 m. apart, on PataviakiU, are the Windham 
and Big Hollow laimeries, employing each about 30 hands ; 
nnd Windham Centre in this t. is also a flourishing v. Pop. 
of 1.2,048. 

WiNi>iiA.M, I. and p. v.. Portage co., 0/iio : 130 m. N. E. 
Columbus. Drained by br.anch of Mahoning r. Interests, 
agricultural. Pop. 813. 

WixiiHAM, t. and p. o.. Bradford county, Pf nil.: 115 m. 
N. by E. Ilarrisburg. Drained by Wepasscning cr., on 
•which are grist anil saw mills. Pop. of t. about 1,000. 

Wi.vtinAM, t. and p. v., Windham co., Vi-nn. : 76 m. 8. 
Montpelicr. Drained by small streams. Interests, chielly 
ogricultural. Pop. of t. 763. 

WisDnA.M Centee, p. v., Greene Co., A'. Y. : on Eedkill 
cr., 33 m. 8. W. Albany. It contains the largest cari«-t-hag 
manufactory in the Union, employing a capital vl ?5o.ouu. 
and an extensive manufactory of woorlen combs, with a 
capital of :f20.000. It is a pretty village, the l^quircUill 
Bridge turnpike p-tssing through it, and has between 6ii0 
and "00 inhabitonls. 

Wind llTiL, p. c, Montgomery county, J!. Car.: 72 m. 
W. S. W. Kaleigh. 

WiNUBicGE, p. c, Greene CO., Penn. : 173 m. W. by S. 
Uarrisburg. 

WiM> EivEK mountains, Oreg. T'l:, are a range of the 
P.ocky moimtains, forming in part the houmlary of (Vegon 
on the S. V... and comprising some of the highest peaks of 
tliat great chain. 

WiNKsoK county, rcrai, Sitiiate E. toward the S., and 
contains Oli sq. m. Drained by Black, Qucecbee, Williams', 
ami While rivers; these supply immense water-power. 
Surface un. vf 11 ; soil fertile, particularly along the b.'uiks of 
the Connecticut, where fine crops of grain, vegetables, and 
fruit are raised. Chief products, wheal, Indian corn, oats, 



and potatoes. In dillercnl parls of the co., steatite, or soap- 
-stonc, is found. G<jld is also found near Queechec r., not in 
washings, but in veins. The rock in which the gold lies is 
quartz, containing also the sulphurela of iron, lead, and 
zinc, particles of gold being in these as well as in the quartz. 
This discovery is of recent date, ami is communicated 
by Professor Hubbard, of Darlmouth College. Farrus 
4,274 ; manuf. 192 ; dwell. 7.373, ami pop.— wh. 33,203. fr. 
col. 112— total 33,320. Gipitul : Woodstock. Pulilic 
Works .- Vermont Central E. E. ; Eutland and Burling- 
ton E. E., etc. 

WiNDSOE, t., p. v., and sta., Hartford Co., Cmn. : on W. 
side of Conneclicut r., 7 m. N. Hartford. Drained by Far- 
minglon r., which passes through the t centrally, and alfurds 
good water-power. The t. contains several pleasant and 
flourishing villages. Windsor v. extends along the liank i>f 
the Connecticut over a mile, and is beautifully shaded with 
trees. The New Haven, Hartford, and Springlield P.. P- 
pa.sses through it, 42 m. from New Haven, 20 m. from 
Springfleld. Pop. of I. in 1340, 2,23,3 ; in 1350, 3,251. 

WiKDsoE, t. and p. o., York county, Penn. : 82 m. 8. E. 
Uarrisburg. An agricultural township. 

WcDSOB, p. v., Walton co., Gt:. : on branch ofOcmulgeo 
r., 69 m. N. W. by N. MiUedgeviUe. 
Wlndsok, p. v., Mercer co., JV. Jcr. 
Wlndsoe. p. v., Eandolph Co., lud. : on W. fork of White 
r., 53 m. E. N. E. Indianapolis. 

WiNDSOE, t. and p. v., Kennebec county, Jfe ; 10 m. E. 
Augusta. Drained by Sheepscot r. It contains several 
mills, but its interests are chiefly agricultural. Population 
of t. 1,793. 

WuiDsoE, t. and p. o., Eaton counly, Mich, : S m. 9. W. 
Lansing. Drained by S. branch of Grand r. Pop. 253. 

Wi.NDSOE, t. and p. o., Dane co., Il'fec. ; 12 m. N. by W. 
Madison. Drained by small streams flowing into Fourlh 
lake. A proposed railroad from Madison to Portage will 
pass through it. Pop. 360. 

WisDSOK, t. and p. v., Berkshire co., iVass. : 8:3 m. W.by N. 
Boston. Drained by branches of WeslUeld r. The v. con- 
tains 2 churches. Pop. of t. 899. 

WisnsoE, t. and p. v., Broome county, jV. I'. .■ 100 m. 
W. S. W. Albany. Drained by Susquehanna r., on the \V. 
bank of which the v. is siluate, containing 2 churches, 
several stores, etc. Pop. of v. about 440, of t. 2,045. 

WiKDSOE, p. v., and cap. Bertie co., jV. Car. : on Cashio 
r., 93 ra. E. by N. Ealeigh. Itconlains the cumly buildings, 
several stores, etc. The r. is navigable for small ve.wls to 
this place, but its banks are low and swampy, preventing, 
by their unhealthiness, any groat scttlemeul. 

WiNDSOE, I. and p. v., Ashtabula Co., O'lio: 146 m. N. E. 
Columbus. Drained by Grand r. and branches. The town 
contains several mills, tanneries, etc., and a quarry of 
grindstones. Pop. of 1. 1,033. 

WiNDSOE, t, p. v., and sta., Windsor CO., Ko-m. ; on W. 
side of Connecticut r., 64 m. S. by E. Montpelier. Drained 
by Mill br., which has a fall of 60 feet in J m., an'ording ex- 
cellent water-power. .Surface uneven, rising in S. part into 
Asculney Mountain, 3,320 feet above tide-water. The town 
conuiins 3 pleasant villages. Windsor v., on W. bank of 
Connecticut r.. is noted for the beauty of its site and sur- 
rounding scenery. It is irregularly laid out, but well built, 
and contains 3 churches, a seminary, bank, capital .f .W.OOO, 
stores, etc. The " Chronicle" (whig) and " Journal" (.whig) 
are issued weekly. The Slate prison, here located, conlained 
ou Sept. 1, IS.'iO, 76 convicts. The Sullivan E. K. extends 
to this place from Bellows Falls, 25 m., and oonnocU with 
Vermont Central E. P.., hence to Kouse's Point, l.') m. 
These railroads, with the manufactures of the v., have made 
this place one of a very active business and trade. Pop. 
of t. 1,923. 

Wi.vn.soE Locks, p. v. and sta., Hartford co.. Conn.: on 
W. bank of Connecticut r., 12 in. N. Hartford. The locks 
here constructed by the Connecticut Eiver Company allow 

937 



WIN 

the passage of small steamboats and freight boats of S5 tons 
burden, and furnish an immense water-power, whieh, as 
yet, is but iiarlially improved. The New Uaven, Uanford, 
and Springfield E. E. passes along the banks of this great 
water privdege, having a sta. in the v., 14 m. from Spring, 
field, 48 from New Haven. 
WiNDSoHviLLE, p. V., Hartford co.. Conn. 
WixESBoao, p. v., Holmes co,, Ohio : SO m. N. E. by E. 
Columbus. 

WiNFiEU), p. v., Putnam co., Virg. : 24S m. W. by N. 
Eielnnund. 

WlxriELD, t and p. v., Herkimer county, K Y. : 74 m. 
W. by N. Albany. Drained by head branches of Unadilla r. 
The V. and t. contam several mills and manufactures. Pop 
of t. 1,4S1. 
WiNFiELD, p. o., Carroll co., Md. : 3S m. E. Annapolis. 
Wbtfield, p. v.. Union county, Peim. : 40 m. N. by "VV, 
Harrisburg. 

WiNFiELD, p. c. Lake county, Ind. : 165 m. N. W. by N. 
ludiaiuipuJia. 

WixFiELi., p. c, Columbia Co., Ga. : 6S m. N. E. by E 
MilledgeviUe. 

WiNFiELU, p. v., Tuscarawas co., Ohio : 84 m. E. N. E. 
Columbus. 

"WiNUALL, t. and p. v., Bennington county, Ver7n. : SO m. 
B. by Vf. Monlpr-lier. Drained by Winhall r. Pop. 762. 

WiNNA.v.ic, p. v., and cap. Pulaski Co., Ind. : on W. side 
of Tippecanoe r., 90 m. N. by W. Indianapolis. First set- 
tled in Km. It contains the county buildings, and an 
U. S. land office. The Indiana Central E. E. passes near 
it. Pop. about 240. 

Winnebago county, III. Situate N., and contains 6.34 
sq. m. Eock river flows through the co., by which and its 
branches Kishwaukic and Pekatonica rivers it is drained. 
Surface undulating and diversified; soU deep mold, and 
very productive. Staples, wheat, grain, and tobacco 
Farms 919; manuf. 02; dwell. 1,979, and pop.—wh. 11,761" 
fr, col, 12 — total 11,773. CapiM: P.ockford. p'uUi!: 
Works: Galena and Chicago Union E. E., and Beloit 
Branch E, K. 

Winnebago county, la. Situate N., and contains 482 
sq. m. Drained by affluents of Mankalo river. Surface 
undulating, and is mostly prairie and tmiber land. Set off 
Einee ISSO. 

■Winnebago county, Wiao. Situate S. E. of the centre, 
and contains 471 sq. m. Drained by Neennh or Fo.\' 
and Panwaggun rivers and their affluents. Surface level 
and diversified, with large lakes; soil deep mold, very pro- 
ductive. Farms 388; manuf. 32; dwell. 1,889, and pop.— 
wh. 10,107, fr. col. 18— totall0,125. CapiM: Oshkosh. 

Winnebago, p. o.. Bureau county, lU.: 116 m. N. 
Springfield. 

Winnebago lake, TRsc. ; lies in E. part of the State, 
80 m. W. Lake Michigan, between Winneb.ago and Calu- 
met counties, and in N. part of Fond du Lac county. It is 
83 miles long, with average width of 8 m. It has sufficient 
depth for navigation by steamboats, several of which ply 
from Fond du Lac to various points on tlie lake and Neenah 
river. The water is hard and clear, though rendered tur- 
bid by winds. Its E. shore for 15 m. is composed of a high 
rocky wall, which is also found on portions of the W. shore. 
The N. shore is low, having for S m. a narrow sandy beach. 
It receives several streams, of which Neenah r. is the prin- 
cipal, and is its outlet into Green bay. 
WiNNBGAxcE, p. o., Lincoln co., i/i. 
Winneshiek county, la. Situate N. E., and contains 
'•■iS sq. m. Drained by Upper Iowa and Turkey r. and 
their branches. Surface undulating, and a large portion 
prairie and Umber hand; soil fertile, and favrrable to the 
growth of wheal, grain, and potatoes. It has good pastur- 
age for cattle, and is well wooded. Farms — ; manuf. — ; 
dwell. 100. an.i pop.—wh. 646. Capital: Winneshiek. 
WiNHipiSEOGEE lake and river. N. Uamp.: the lake 



WIN 



lying between Belknap and CarroU counties is of very irreg- 
ular form, having an extreme length of about 23 miles, and 
Jls mam portion an average width of 6 m. Its branches are 
also large sheets of water, and combine with the main lake 
to form one of the most beautiful lakes in the Union Its 
shores are winding, and generally rocky, affording most de- 
hghtful scenery. Several pleasant villages upon its banks 
occupy picturesque sites. The water is remarkably clear 
and cold, derived extensively from springs at its bottom. 
It contains about 800 islands, some of which are large and 
very fertile, containing farms of from 200 to 500 acres and 
abounds with excellent flsh. This lake and vicinity have 
always been very popular resorts in summer, and by the 
recent construction of railroads to its shores, tho«annual 
number of visitors has since been very greatly increased 
Its elevation above the sea is 472 feet, and thus affords to its 
ouUets, Winnipiseogee and Merrimac rivers, abundance of 
water-power, used by the great factories at Manchester, 
Lowell, etc, 

WiMNiBiQosmsH lakes, Minn. Ter. : ISO m, N, by W, St- 
Paul, The larger is 14 m. long and 9 m. wide. 

WuraicoNNET, t and p. o., Winnebago co., Wwc.: 84 m 
N, N, E, Madison, Pop, 1,948. 

WiNNiPANK, p. T, and sta., Fairfield co.. Conn. : on Dan- 
bury and Norwalk E. E., 3 m. from 8. Norwalk, 59 m S W 
Hartford. 

WiNNSBOKO', p. v., Franklin par.. La.: 113 m. N. by W. 
Baton Eouge. 

WiNNSBoEO', p. v., sta., and cap. Fairfield dist., S. Cur.: 
on the Chariotte and S. Carolina E. E., 24 m. N. by W. 
Columbia. It has an elevated and healthy site, and Is 
generally well built. The county buildings are handsome 
structures. It also contains 5 churches, 4 academies, and 
the Furman Theological Seminary (Baptist), founded in 
1S26, which in 1S50 had 2 professors, 30 students, 80 alumni, 
and 1,000 volumes in library, and occupies 4 handsome 
buildings of granite on a pleasant location. The " Fairfield 
Herald" (dem.) is issued weekly, and the " Christian Maga- 
zine (relig.) monthly. Pop. about 1,050. 
Winona, p. o., Trimble co., Ky. : 83 m. N. W, Frankfort, 
WiNoosKi Falls, p, v, and sta., Chittenden co,, Vfr-m.: 
on N. bank of Onion river, 33 m. N, W, by W, Montpelier, 
Here is excellent water-power, improved by first-clais fac- 
tories, etc, A branch E, E, from Buriington to Essex 
Junction passes through it, 3 m. from Buriington, 
WiNoosKi river. Verm.: (see Onion river.) 
WiNsiow, p. v„ Pike CO,, Iiul.: on Patoka cr,, 107 m, 
S, W, by 8, Indianapolis. 

WiNSLow, t. and p. v., Stephenson CO., Jil. : on branch 
of Pekatonica r., 1S2 m. N. Springfield. 

WiNSLOw, t and p. v., Kennebec CO., Me. : on E. bant 
of Kennebec r., 17 m. N. N. E. Augusta. Excellent water- 
power is afforded by Sebasticook r,, which empties into the 
Kennebec at the v, opposite Waterville, The Kennebec 
and Penobscot E, E, will pass through this place. Pop 
of 1. 1,796, 

WrsSLOW, t and p, v,, Camden co., N. Jer. : 8S m. S. 
Trenton. Draineil by Great Egg Harbor r. and a branch 
of Lilllc Egg Harbor r. The U contains several settlements 
Pop. of 1. 1,640. 
WmsTED, Litchfield CO., C(mn.: (see West Winsteb.) 
Winston county. Miss. Situate N. E. centrally, and con- 
tains 718 sq. m. Drained by head branches of Peari r. and 
affluents of Noxubee r. Surface level, and somewhat ele- 
vated, presenting the appearance of table-land ; soil a deep 
rich mold, and very fertile; it produces in abundance 
cotton and Indian corn, and is favorable to the cultivation 
of fruit, peaches, melons, and grapes. It is traversed by 
numerous streams of pure running water. Farms 556; 
manuf, 13: dwell, S^6, and pop.—wh, 6,178, IV, col, 10, si. 
2,763- total 7,966, Cuiritnl : Louisville, 

Winston, p. v., and cap. Forsyth CO., IT. Car. : 101 m. 
W. N. W. Ealeigh. It contains the county buildings. 



WIN 



WIS 



Winston, p. v., Alleghany co., J/J. : 142 m. W. by N. 
Aunapolis. 

Wi.NBTOK, p. o., liau'lnlph CO,, Ala. : S5 m. N. E. by N. 
Montgomery. 

Winston, p. o., Weakley county, Temi. : 107 miles W. 
Nashville. 

WiNTEE Habeoe, p. o., Ilancock county, Me. : S6 ra. E. 
Augusta. 

WiNTERPOCK, p. o., ChesterfleM co., Virg. 

WiNTEK Seat, p. o., Abbeville dist., S. Cur. : 75 m. W. 
Columbia. 

WiNTEflSET, p. v.y and cap. Madison co., la.: 122 rn. 
W. by S. Iowa City. It contains the county buiKlini;9. 

WiNTERSTiLLE, p. V., Jefferjuu CO., Ohio : 120 m. E. by N. 
Culumbus. 

WiNTEEsviLLK, p. 0., DecatuT county, Ind, : 45 m. S. E. 
Indianapolis. 

WiNTHRop, p. o., Middlesex co., Conn. 

WiNTUKOp, p. o., Kane county, lU. : 150 m. N. N. E. 
Springfield. 

Wi.NTHEup, t and p. v., Kennebec county, Me.: 10 m. 
W. by S. Augusta. Dniined l>y Cobbt-stconte r., fl(>wing 
through llie large ponds in E. part of t. The v. is situated 
at the S. end of the North Lake, the outlet of which affonls 
waler-power. The Androseoggin and Kennebec IJ. K- 
passes through it. 53 m. from Portland, 29 m. from Waler- 
ville. Pop. of t. 2,154. 

WiNTON, p. v., and cap. Hertford co., 2^. Car. : on S. W. 
bank of Chowan r..lu2 m. N. E. by E. Kaleigh. It contains 
the county buildings and several stores. Pop. about 140. 

WiNTuN, p. o., Butler county, Ohio: 92 m. W, S. W. 
Columbus. 

WiNYAW bay, Georgetown dist,, S. Cm: : sets up N. W. 
from the Atlantic, is 14 m. long, 2 m. wide, and navigable 
for large vessels. It receives Black, Great Pedee, ami 
Wacaniaw rivers. 

W IOTA, t. and p. v.. Lafayette co., TTmc. ; 40 m. S. W. by S, 
Maiiison. Wasscommou r. flows through its E. part. Pop. 
of t. 711. 



WioTA, p. 0., Laclede co., Mu.: 60 m. S. S. W. Jefferson 
City. 

WiRETowN, p. v., Ocean co., JV. Jtir. : on Bamegat bay, 
42 m. S. E. Trenton. 

Wirt county, Vinj. Created from Wo^d and Jackson 
in l'^4s i^iiuale N. W. and contains 206 sq. m. Drain- 
ed by Little Kanawha r. .ind its tribularirs. Surface much 
broken : soil in general fertile. Chief products, wheat and . 
Indian corn. Farms 309; manuf. 7 ; dwell. 52S sind pop.— 
wh. 3.319. fr. col. 2. si. 32— total 3,:V>3. C'plUd: Wirt C. li. 
Puhlu- Work.'i: Nortli-weslem K. 11. 

Wirt, t. and p. o., .\li.-gliauy co., K T. : 2Sri rn. W. by ?. 
Albany. Drained tiy small creeks. Interests clnelly agri- 
cultural. Pop. 1,5U. 

Wirt C. H.. p. v.. and cap. Wirt co., Vir^.: on S. W. 
bank of Lillle Kanawlia r.. 2?2 m. W. N. W. Eiehmond. 
It contains the county buildings, etc. 

Wirt College, p. v., Sumner CO., Tetiv. : SO m. N. E. 
Nashville. 

WiscAssETT, t., p. v., port of entry, nnd cap. Lincoln co.. 
J/c. ; on W. bank of Sheepscot r., 22 ra. S. S. E. Augusta. 
The V. has an elevated and very beautiful site, and contains 
the county builciings. several churches, 1 bank, capital 
|50,ou0, and many handsome dwellings. It is one of the 
most imjiortant seaports in the State, being largely cng.iged 
in tlie coasting trade, fisheries, ship-building, etc. Its for- 
eign commerce is not so extensive as formerly. The tola! 
tonnage of this district on June Sf'th, 1S50, was 1S,2{1 tons. 
The registered tonnage amonnlcd to 6,024 tons, of which 
4,74S tons were permanent, and 1,276 tons temp'"irr.ry. The 
enrolled and licensed tonnage amounted to 12,217 tons, 
consisting of 5,&4it tons in the coasting trade, 6,002 tons lu 
the cod fishery, 26 tons *' licensed under 20 tons" in coa-'l- 
ing trade, and 3o9 tons " licensed under 20 tons" in the 
cod fishery. At that date it liad no steam ^lnnace. Its 
foreign commerce during the year preceding, consisted of 
23 clearances — 4.509 tons, and 4 entrance.? — 1,025 tons. 
Vessels built during the year IS (4 ships, 4 brigs, 10 schooc- 
ers)— 2,535 tons. Pop. of t. 2,343. 



THE STATE OF WISCONSIN. 



Wisconsin embraces all of tiiat portion of the northwest territory lying north of the parallel of -12^ 30' north latitude, 
and west of Lake Michigan, excepting the Upper Peninsula of Michigan, and that part of Minnesota lying east of the 
Mississippi liiver. It is bounded nortti by Minnesota and Michigan; northeast and ea.st by Lake Michigan; .•^oulh by 
Illinois, and west by Iowa and Minnesota ; or, according to the constitution, as follows, to wit : ** Beginning at the north- 
east corner of the State of Illin-Ms. tliat is to say, at a point iii the centre of Lake Michigan, where the line of 42° 30' of 
north latitude crosses the same ; th>nce running with the bouu'lary line of the Plate of Michigan, through Lake Michigau 
and Green Bay, to the mouth of the MeiK.monee River ; thenue up the channel of the said river to the Bnlle I'.iver ; thence 
up said last-mentioned river to Lnke Bnile : thence along the southern shore of Lake Bnlle, in a direct line to the centre 
of the channel between Middle and South islands, in the Lake of the Desert: thence in a direct line to tlie head waters 
of the Montreal P.iver. as marke.l uj)on the survey made l>y Captain Cram ; thi'ncc down the main channel of tlie Montreal 
Kiver to the middle of Lake .Superior ; llienoe through the eentre of Lake Superior to the month of the St. Louis Kiver ; 
thence up the main ehannel of said river to the fir^l r;ipids in the same, above ttie Indian village, acc^^rding to Nicolh-t's 
map ; thence due south to the main branch of the river St. Croix ; thence down the main channel of said river to the 
Mississippi ; thence down the centre of the main channel of that river to the northwest corner of the State of Illinois; 
tlience due east with the northern boun<iary of the State of lUinoi-i, to the place of beginning." Its greatest extent north 
and south is 2$5 miles, and east and west 255 miles. Us land area is 53,924 square miles. 

The natural feature peculiar to Wisconsin, says J. W. Hunt, P>q., in his Gazetteer of the Stale, published IS??, is the 
uniformity of its elevation, and shape of its surface, which is neither mountainous, hilly, nor flat, but gently uniulating. 
The country west of Sugar Kiver and south of the Wisconsin is somewhat broken, principally by the dividing riilge upon 
which the road from Madison to Prairie du Chien passes. In this section, known as the Mines, are sevenil pccnliiir 
clev:iti<uis railed Mounds. West of the Wisconsin Kiver is a range of high liiMs, being the only elevations in the Slate 
either deserving or assuming the dignity of moimtaina. The south-eastern portion of the Slate is marked by ravines at 
the streams, but little depressed below the surrounding level. Its pri>minent features are the prairie, dc'stitule of tree or 
shrub, covered only by a luxuriant growth of gra.*is. intersi)ersed with flowers of every hue; the o.-ik opening, Iho lake. 
the woodland on the border of streams, and the natural meadow. Proceeding north, to the Fox and Wi.Hconsiii rivers, 
and Green Bay, the timber increases, and the soil gradually changes from the vegetable mold of the prairie to a sandy 
litam. The surface also bccunes somewhat depressed and uneven, diversified with limber, rolling prairie, large marplies 
and exlensive swamps, having an abundant growth of cranberries .ind wild rice. Still, north and west the surface be- 
comes more uneven, and the streams rapid, aflfording an abundance of water-power for the manufacture of lumber from 
the immense forests of evergreen, scarcely auri>!i*sed on the Western Continent. 
939 



WISCONSIN. 



Tlie 6oU of the prairie consists of a dark brown vegetable molil, from one to two feet in depth, very mellow, and 
entirely destitute nf stone or gravel, and. for fertility and agricultural properties, can not be surpassed. The subsoil is a 
clayish loam, similar to the soil of the timtwred lands, and is also suitabl-j fur cultivation. The soil of the timbered land 
is less rich than the prairie, not so deep, and contains less carbonate of limt-, which enters into the composition of the 
latter in the proportion of from 20 to 40 per cent The mining region, unlike that of any other mineral district, promises 
a liberal reward, as well to the farmer as to the miner. The soil of the evergreen district is mostly sandy, and not so rich 
as in other portions of the State. It is nevertheless well adapted to agriculture and grazing. The prairies of Wisconsin 
are not so extensive as those of other States, and are so skirted and belled by timber, that they are well adapted to imme- 
diate and profitable occupation. The openings, which comprise a large portion of the finest land of the State, owe their 
present condition to the action of the annual flres which have kept under all other forest growth, except those varieties 
of oak which can withstand the sweep of that element. This annual burning of an exuberant growth of grasses and of 
under-brush, has been adding, perhaps for ages, to the productive power of the soil, and preparing it for the plow- 
share. It is the great fact, nature has thus " cleared up" Wisconsin to the hand of the settler, and enriched it by yearly 
burnings, and has at the same time left sufficient timber on the ground for fence and fire wood, that explains, in a great 
measure, the capacity it has exhibited, and is now exhibiting, for rapid settlement and early maturity. There is another 
fact important to be uotied in this connection. The low level prairie, or natural meadow, of moderate extent, is so 
generally distributed over the face of the country, that the settler on a fine section of arable land finds on his own ftirm, 
or in his immediate neighborhood, abundant pasturage for his stock in summer, on the open range; and hay for the 
winter for the cutting — the bounty of Nature supplying his need in this behalf till the cultivated grasses may be introduced 
and become suflicient for liis use. 

The limestone underlying the coal fields of Illinois forms the immediate basis of the alluvion of Southern Wisconsin. 
This geological district, in addition to that portion of the State which lies southerly of the valley of the "Wisconsin 
Eiver, comprises the whole of the slope toward Lake Mii^higan. In many portions of this district the lime rock dis- 
appears, and the out-cropping standstone furnishes a fine material for building. The lead-hearing rock of the mineral 
region is a porous limestone, prevailing throughout Grant, Lafayette, and Iowa counties, comprising four-fifths of the 
"lead district" of the Upper Mississippi, the remaining one-fifth being in the Slates of Illinois and Iowa. Deposits of 
iron ore, water limestone, and beds of gj'psura, together with other varieties of minerals, are fuun'l in localities more 
or less numerous throughout the Jimestone region. All of that section of the State which lies between Lake Superior on 
the north and the Falls of St. Anthony on the Mississippi, and the falls of the other rivers flowing southerly, is primitive 
in its prevailing geological character; and it is within this primitive region that the copper mines of Lake Superior are 
found—probably the richest in the world, and apparently inexhaustible. In all that portion of the State lying between 
tho primitive region just described and the limestone formation of the south and cast, the transition sandstone prevails, 
interspersed with limestone anil more sparsely with rock of a primitive character. This formation comprises that section 
of the country drained by the Wisconsin and other rivers tribularj- to the Upper Mississippi and below the falls of those 
streams. Within this geological district are found quarries of white marble, which promise to be abundant and valuable. 

Wisconsin, says J. A. Lapham, Esq., does not fall behind the other portions of ihe Western coilntry in the monu 
ments it affords of the existence of an ancient people who once inhabited North America, but of whom nothing is known 
except what cjin be gathered from some of tlie results of their labors. The works at Aztalan, in Jefferaon County, aro 
most known and visited, but Uiere are many other localities which are said to equal them in interest and importance. 
The substance called brick at this place is evidently burned clay, showing marks of having been mixed with straw, t)Ut 
they were not molded into regular forms. There is a class of ancient earlh-works in Wisconsin, not bef ire found in 
any other country, being made to represent quadrupeds, birds, reptiles, and even the human form. These represenUi- 
tions are rather rude, and it is often difTicult to decide for what species of animal they are intended ; but the effects of 
time may have modified their appearance very much since th'ey were originally formed. Some have a resemblance to 
tbe buCTalo, the eagle or crane, or to the turtle or lizard. One representing the human form, near the Blue Mounds, is, 
according to R. C. Taylor, Esq., 120 feet in length ; it lies in an east and west direction, the bead toward the west, with 
the arms and legs extended. The body or trunk is 30 feet in breadth, the head 25, and its elevation above the general 
surface of the prairie is about 6 feet. Its conformation is so distinct that there can be no possibility of mistake in assign- 
ing it to the human figure.* Amoundatrrairieville, representing a turtle, is about 5 feet high, the body is 56 feet in length , 
it represents the animal with its legs extended and its feet turned backward. It is to be regretted that this interesting 
mound is now nearly destroyed. The ancient works are found in all parts of the territory, but are most abundant at 
Aztalan, c-n Rock River, near tho Blue Mounds, along the Wisconsin, the Neenah, and tbe Pisbtaka rivers, and near 
Lake Winnebago. The mounds are generally scattered about without any apparent order or arrangement, but are 
occasionally arranged in irregular rows, the animals appearing as if drawn up in a line of march. An instance of this 
kind is seen near the road, seven miles east from the Blue Mounds, in Iowa County. At one place near the Four Lakes 
it is said that one hundred tumuli, of various shapes and dimensions, may be counted— those representing animals being 
among others that are round or oblong. Fragments of ancient pottery of a very rude kind are often found in various 
localities. They were formed by hand, or molded, as their appearance shows evidently that these vessels were not 
turned on a *■' potter's wheel.'* Parts of the rim of vessels, usually ornamented with small notches or figures, are most 
abundant. A mound is said to have been discovered near Cassville, on the Mississippi, which is supposed to represent 
an auimal having a trunk like tho elephant, or the now extinct mastodon. Should this prove true, it will show that the 
people who made these animal earth-works, were cotemporaries with that huge monster whose bones are still occasion- 
ally found ; or that they had then but recently emigrated from Asia, and had not lost their knowledge of the elephant. 

The salubrity of the climate (Mr. Lapham is again quoted), the purity of the atmosphere and of tbe water, which is 
usually obtained from copious Ihing springs, the coolness and short duration of summer, and the dryness of the air dur- 
ing winter, all conspire to render Wisconsin one of the most healthy portions of the United SUUes. The wet meadows, 
uuirshcs, and swamps are constantly supplied with pure water from springs ; and as they are not exposed during summer 
Ui a burning heat, Ihey do not send forth those noxious and deleterious qualities so nmch dreaded in more southern and 
less favored latitudes. Many of our most flourishing towns and sctUementa are in the immediate vicinity of large swamps, 

* Tlie reader is referred to the " Notice of Induin Mounds, etc., in Wieconsin,"' in Silliman'a Journnl, vol. xxxjt., p. 88, by B. C. Taylor, and 
Ut the " Pescription of Ancient Remains in Wisconsin," by S. Taylor, rol. xUv,, p. SI, of the snme work, for more detailed descrijitiona and 
drawiogs of theae intere^litig animitl mouiida. 

940 



WISCONSIN. 



,.„,=. No.ofP..nnd.. Val 

1S41 29,749,909 $1,1»9,996 

l^ii 29,4'24.329 1,1 "0,973 

1S43 86,573,797 1,475.151 

1S44 41,036,293 1,641,461 



Yeara. 
1S45.. 
1S46.. 
1S47. 



...?2,04.':.,70'> 
... 1,920,.')17 
... 2,039,972 
1,991,349 



Year' 

1S49. 

IS-W. 
1?51. 
1S63. 



Nil, of rounds. 
..45,9s5,639. 
..41,4S5,900., 
..84,600,3S4. 

.40,000,000. 



,.$1,&39,433 
. 1,659.436 
, . l,SSfl,0l5 
. . 1,600,000 



t,„.reby exposed to the d.rect influence of •»■-.> -■• " , ;,V, ^'Tal '".V^^mlitie. But in Wisconsin no .,c,. 
deeaying vegetable matter be.ug thus »"• '1™1> " ' ^ ' „ , i, n the country conkls of oak-opening and ,.ra,r,o. and 
result is apprehended, or can he produced for a ''^'S'' P'" ""',,. ,,f„ reuiaining " hurr oak,-' can not have the same 
„,.y therefore be considered ;ts already cleared The ™n«™ "^ Lr Ll'' An 1 besides this, the tires that have an- 
eneel upon the soil as the cuttiug down of he 'i""'^, r^^f'-^ij'', f ,;'.,; „tuing excursions, have prevenled that 
nnally raged over the surface, often kindled f-P;;-'> ,^ ,*;/ '^i'^^^^^^ ^L-re the fires do not so often pcnc- 

r..pid accumulation of vegetable matter wh.eh '' > "^ ' '' ""^l " tisfy the reader of the truth of the opinion expressed 
.r 'fe. It is believed thatthe faet.s here staU.d w be »" .-^'j ^^ ^^ „, ^,, „„,, ,,„a,y places in the world 

by our most intelligent phys.cans, '''"l^ '''■"" ''\:^''i;^ "";";", 40,ono,0<lo pounds, nine-lenths of wlueh w.^ ra.sed 
The amount of lead shipped from Galena ''"''"« '^"'f J,,"," J";„\'„,,;,t „ „„e stated has been shipped from por!3 
in Wisconsin. Considerable more than '^e remam ng one- enth of the am ^ ^^ _^^ ^^^^^^.^^^ „,„ 

ia this Slate, from which it w,U be seen tha Ih.s ^ '""^^J 'f ?™='l';^,J°wnLs to settlement. The excee.ling abundance 
lead region of the Upper M.ssissipp, offers the "-'^ ''»'•" ■ ™ .7^ lined, and the high price it co.nm.nd, the mo- 
nnd richness of the mineral, the eon>paral,ve ease with wh.ch '' ^"Jj'; ™; ,; ^ highway to wealth. New leads of the 
n.ent it ,s brought to the surface, open .> the -1-' ';"^:°' d'^ridand a" increasing emigration to tha. section of the 
richest promise have been recently discovered in .he mm ral '"^'""' " , ^ ,„e;„,inen,l. 

Btate pnmdses to replace the California ^'■^^•^^^^^'^^^ Ll world, and open an inviling field for 
The copper mines of Lake '-^•^^^^"^.X^^'^^^^'^'-^"'' -'"■"'"'^' ^'"^ " ="""'""« '"" ""™ '" 

n^iStt ^^.rsr::;^,:::; ™r a: a .^^ ,, „„ „, .. ...gran. 

T^:rr;^==r=u:J^ 5^^^^ 

The following statemenl exhibits ihc shipment of lead from Galena from ) 
ofthe same at four dollars per hundred weight: ^^^^^^^^^^^ '- 

...61,144.822.. 
...45,007,933.. 
...50.999.303.. 

^^^j;a;er:::;p:n«tr:::ish::ed-.dS^ 

amount and quality of its resources, -"^'-f^f^™' ™;',!;™Xe in abundance all kinds of grain, as well as the facilit, 
The richness ofthe soil of Wisconsin, and its abihly o I''^* " '' " ^ j^.,,,,„,, ,„, ^i, kinds of agricullur.d implemenia 
by which the lands are brought under subjection, crea e ^l^'^-'^^'Vu, dings, and elaborate perfection in complicate,! 
and mechanical labor. Architectural eleganco '7""'?^" /, .^^'l i^wi^c.-nsin compare favorably with those ol .he 
machinery is no. to bo expected in new -W™';"; j^^J^'^ '^ '„ ,vi.h their families, create a necessi.y for tein- 
older Slates. The rapid growth of tow-ns, ™'^ '^^S^f" ,;'^„\f IZn.-houses, and give cons.ant employ for .he mason, 
porary buildings, soon to be superseded ''y ">°'^;'""^ ''^„rtn^^^^^^^ of the Slate already in opera.ion, as well as .hose in 
le carpenter, and all other mechanics. The 'mmnse A.^^ ,„,„,„ „„, only their respecUve vicimfe. w.ll> 

progress of erection, provide labor for the mi Iw right ^J^^^'''^"'^' ^^^ exportation. 

all kinds of mill stuff, but .nore than 100,000 barrels °' f™ »"™^'^ ^ nvestment and setllemcnt, which can be hard y 
To the lumberman, the pineries of ^-^™7. P;X\^^;'™ "e „ os. extensive; and dis.inguished still mor.. lor .he 
overra.ed. Tha. of .he Upper Wisconsin and its "' "^'^^ ^ '^^^ ,„,^liti,3 „f u,e whi.e pine and other evergreens 
fine quality than the inexhaustible I"™'"-" "l' ' "^?tL Vox, t e tribularies of Green Bay, and on the I- Cr.,s,e. the 
are mainly on the Wolf, the great northern =ffl"™' " * ^r Mi^ s,ippi. The rapids of these streams funnsh abundant 
Black, Chippewa, and the St. Croix, br-anches of »^. Y^^''^' 'rin^rise, and occ-mional freshet, at other seas..ns of he 
water:power for the manufacture of lumber and on the a^uaun^^ 

year, the yield of the mills is floated from the W olf ""» ^^"''^ '' j,, ^Alleghany pineof Weslem New York and I'onn- 
.reams into the Mississippi. Scarcely ten years >;=>;;; ^'X^^™ ^ „ Valk-y, bul of the Mississippi and ils trihutarie, 
sylvania had undisputed possession of the marke , n t on^y « the ^__^, ^^^^ Brunswick. The course of the 

above New Orleans, at which point it competed with *° ' '"'""ij ^cs of Wisconsin no«- conlrol, and will hold 

lumber trade may now be considered as P""""™"/'^''''''" :„,,■, ^J us great western affluent The amount of pine 
exclusive possession of the market of the valleys of he ^^ » ^ J,^ j,,^ Uiver, 15,000,000 ; Chippewa. 28,600, 00 ; 
lumber estimated to be sawed >" ^'''^""'"'""""f^Cro ,20 000,000 ; Wisconsin, 53,600,000; Wolf, 25,500,000-to.al 
Green Bay, 21,000,000; Mauitouwoc, 24,600,000, bt. i.roii, io, , 

number of feet, 193,000,000. . „„,,, ono,000,000 feet per year, saw-mills, driven 

Aside from the manufacture of pine lumber, reachin as n ^^^^^^^ ^^^ ^^^^ ^^^^^ ^^^^^^ ^^^^^^ .^ ^^^^^^ ^„.l |„g„ 
by both steam and hydraulic power, are now in oi"'™'"" '' ; '„; „e yearly manufactured. 

quantities of oak scantling and plank, an,l ta^^'^'' ^ ' "^^^ I M, and the capitals of each, in 1350, were as follow. : 
^Wisconsiai3dividedinto81counties,thegenerals.atist,csof ^^^^^^ ^-S S? ^'P'-"- 



Courinea. IJwelL 

Adams *"■■ 

...1,003.. 
... 833.. 
... 94.. 

...1,853.. 

... 671.. 

..8.203. 



Brown 

Calumet . . 
Chippewa 
Columbia. 
Crawford 
Dane 



Tup. 

137.. 
6,215.. 
1.743.. 
614.. 
9,565. . 
2,493 
.16,641.. 1,J01 



Farms M.iMuf. 
JDCiilu Estab 



Capitals 



0. 
190.. 
125.. 

0.. 
8.3S.. 



Dodge'.'.' 8,&>0.. 19.133. .2,132. 



Adams C. IT. 
,Pe Pcro 
.StocKbridge 
X'hippewaC.H. 
.Ft. WinncKago 
. Pralr. ilu Chien 
.Mamsos 
..Juneau 




La I'olnle '*• 



Dwell. Pop. 

...2,721.. 14,463.. 
!.. 2,561.-16,170.. 
...1,431.. 8..563.. 
...l.MC. 9,^30.. 
...2,934.. 15,317.. 
...1.S12. ,10.732.. 
.2,070. .11,5'11.. 
488.. 



Farms Mnnuf. {.,„„„!, . 
ill cult, p.stn.,. 

921.. 16. .Fond duLae 
704.. 73.. Lancaster 
763.. 45. -Monroe 
470.. 24. .Mineral Point 
932.. 74. ..loffersT'n 
914.. 51.. Kenosha 

19.. 21..Rliull8burg. 

B.. l..Ln Point* 
Ml 



WISCONSIN. 



Countie*. DwelL 

Matiitoiiwoc 715.. 

Marathon 7G.. 

Marquelle l.TTS.. 

Milwaukie 5,0.30 

Portage »«.. 

Racine 2,578.. 

Richland 173.. 



Pop. 

8,702.. 

508.. 

8,642.. 

81,077. . 

1.250.. 

14,973. . 

90-3. . 



. 22..ManitouwocR. 
. 15. .Wausau 
. 7.. Marquette 
.236. .Milwaukie 
. 15.. Plover Portage 
.104. .Racine 
. 4.. Richland Cent 
.125..Janesville 



Counties. Dwell. Pr>p, 

Saint Croix ISl.. 624. 

Sauk S44.. 4,871. 

Sheboygan I,7i3.. S,37S. 



Farms 

io LUlt. 

4.. 
245.. 

32S.. 



Walworth . 
Washington . 
Waukesha. .. 
Winnebago . 



. 3,112.. 17,S61..1.SS4., 
.8,770. .19,4S4..1.3E3.. 
.8.4'i3.. 19.174.. 1,703.. 



2.. Willow River 

7 . . Baraboo 
29.. Sheboygan 
8I..Elkhorn 
32.. Ozaukee 
7S. .Waukesha 



.1,889. .10,125.. 33S.. 82..08hkosh 



Rock 8,618. .20,703. .1,965. 

The whole number of dwellings in the State was, at the above date, 56,316; of families, 57,60S; and of inhabitants' 
305,191 ; viz., whites 304,565— males 164,221, and females 14(1,314 ; fr. ol. 626— males 365, and females 261. Of the whole 
population there were, deaf and dumh—vih. 65, fr. col. o— total 65; blind— y/h. 50, fr. col. 0— total 50; insane— v/h. 43, 
ft*, col. 0— total 43 ; and idiotic~\>>h. 76, fr. col. 1— total 77. The number of free persons born in the Unite-i States was 
197,912, the number of foreign birth I(i6,695, and of birth unknown 7S4. The native population originated as follows. 
Maine 3,252, N. Harap. 2.520, Verm. 10,157, Mass. 6,2S5, R. I. 690, Conn. 4,125, N. York 6S,595, N. Jer. 1,566, Penn. 9,571, 
Del. 141, Md. 462, Diat, of Col. 33, Virg. 1,611, N. Car. 322, S. Car. 107, Ga. 495, Flor. 4, Ala. 49, Miss. 85, La. 78, Tex. 4. 
Ark. 67, Tenn. 449, Ky. 1,429, Ohio 11,402, Mich. 1.900, Ind. 2.773, III. 5,292, Mo. 1,012, la. 445, Wijiconsin 63,015. Calif. 0. 
Territories 26 ; and the foreign population was composed of persons fn>m— England 18,952, Ireland 21,043, Scotland 3,527, 
Wales 4,819, Germany 34,519, France 775, Spain 4, Portugal 4, Belgium 45, Holland 1,157, Italy 9, Austria 61, Switzerland 
1,244, Russia 71, Denmark 146, Norway 8,651, Sweden S3, Prussia 8,545, Sardinia 1, Greece 1, Asia 17, Africa 1, BritiBh 
America S,277, Mexico 9, Central America 11, South America 6, West Indies 20, and other countries 191. 

The following table will show the decennial progress of the population since the first general census of the State: 

Ci'loruii Persona. Decetmi:!! lrn;ff,L''e. 

Census "While , ^ , Total ^— ■ * , 

Years. Persons. Frea. Slave. Total. Popnlnlion. NunieriL-Bl. Per cent, 

1S40 80.749 185 11 196 80,945 — — 

1S50 304,565 626 — 626 805.191 274,246 886.2 

The general statistics of the resources, productions, manufactures, wealth, and institutions of Wisconsin, in accordance 
with the census of 1850, and other authentic reports referring to the same period of time, are as follows: 

Occupied Lintdn, etc. — Improved farm lands, 1,045.499 acres, and unimproved lands, 1,931,1.'39 acres — together valued 
at $28,528,563. The total number of farms in operation on the Ist June, 1S50, was 20,177, Value of farming implements 
and machinery $1,641,568 

Lire-Stov^.—UoTSQs. 30,179 ; aases and mules, 156 ; milch cows, 64,339 ; workmg-oxen, 42,801 ; other cattle, 76,293 ; Bheep, 
124,892 ; and swine, 159,276. The live-stock of 1S40 and of 1S50 compared, give the following results: 

Live Slock. 

Horses , 

Asses and Mulea , 

Milch Cows 

Working Oxen 

Oiher Cattle 

Sheep 

Swine , 



ix: 



[ 5,735 head | ^*^'^^^ *"^^'* I 24,600 head, or 428.9 per cent 

I t 156 " ' 



80,269 



K6 

M.3.')!> 

42,S01 

70,293 

124.S92 

159,276 



1 64.3.')9 " I 
< 42,S01 '• J-. 
« 70,293 " 1 



.153,164 



or 606.0 " 



or 3,607.5 
or 209.8 



34,624 " 124.S92 " 121,430 

51,388 " 159,276 " 107,893 

—in 1850, the value of live-stock amounted to $4,879,385. 

Products of AmmaU.— 'Wool, 253,963 pounds ; butler, 3,633,750 pounds ; clieese, 400,283 pounds ; and the value of 
animals slauglitered in the year had been .^920,178. The wool crop of the census year of lS4ii amounted to 6,777 pounds ; 
and hence that of 1850 exhibits an increase of 247,186 pounds, (»r of 3,499.8 per centum. The clip per fleece, in 1840, 
was 81.8 ounces, and in 1850, 32.5 ounces — being an average increase of 1.2 ounces per fleece. 

Grain Crops.— Vfbeat, 4,286,131 bushels: rye, 81,253 bushels; Indian corn, 1,938,779 bushels; oata, 8,414,673 bushels ; 
barley, 209,692 bushels ; and buckwheat, 79,878 bushels. These crops, compared with the crops of 1840, result as follows : 

Cntps. 1840. I860. Increase. 

Wheal 212,116 bushels 4,286,131 bushels 4,074,015 bushels, or 1,920.6 percent. 



Eye 1,965 

Indian corn 879,359 

Oata 406,514 

Barley 11.062 

Buckwheat 10,654 



79,288 

1,609,620 

8,008,168 

. 198,630 

69,224 



or 4,035.1 
or 426,9 
or 7;».8 
or 1,796.6 
or 649.3 



81,268 " 

... 1,988,979 " 

... 8,414,672 " 

.... 209,692 " 

.... 79,878 " 

Otiier Food Crops.— Veas, and beans, 20,667 bushels ; potatoes, Irish, 1,402,077 bushels, and sweet 879 bushels. The 
pot.ito crop of 1840 amounted to 419,608 bushels; and hence the crop of 1850 exhibits an increase of 983,348 bushels, or 
234.3 per centum. 

Mincellantom Cro/M.— Tobacco, 1,268 pounds; hay, 275,662 tons; clover-sccd, 4S3, and other grass-seed, 342 bushels; 
hops, 15,930 pounds: hemp — dew-rotted, 300 tons, and — water-rotted, 2 tons ; fiax,6>,393 p<iunds; flax-seed, 1,191 bushels; 
maple sugar, 610,976 poun<l8; molasses, 9.S74 gallons; beeswax and honey, 131,0i;i6 pounds; wine, 113 gallons, etc., etc. 
Value of oreharil producl ', ^4,823, and of market-garden products, $32,142. The principal crops, compared with similar 
crops of 1840, exhibit the results appended : 

1860. 

276.662 tons 

16,9.30 pounds 

I 800 tons 

i. 2 " 

( 68,393 pounds 

. 610,976 " 

113 gallons 



Critp., it;<o. 

Hay 80,9.'!Stons .. 

Hops 1S3 pounds.. 

Hemp — dew-rotted .... 

" water-rotted... V 2 tons 

Flax. S 

Maple-sugar 185,288 pounds . 

Wine gallons. 

942 



IncreaBe. 

244,724 tons or 802,6 percent 
16,797 pounds, or 11,125.5 " 



744,392 



or 16,526.6 



475,688 " or 851.6 
113 gallons or 11,800.0 



WISCONSIN. 



nmurmai^ mamifacture^ were produced, in the year ending Ist June, 1S50, to the value of $43,621. The same class 
of sooJs made in the ccnnus year of 1S40, was valued at -112,667. 

ilM „/i,<;(ij<m-Aeer.!:ule capital invested, $0,000,000 ; value of all raw material, fuel, elc, consumed, JOOO.OOO ; average 
number of hands employed, 00,OOU-ma\es 00,000, and females 0,000 ; monthly cost of labor, .iOO,0(iO-to males JOO.OUO, 
and \n females $0,000 ; value of products of the year, $0,000,000. The whole immber of manufaelunng eslablishmenis m 
operation on the Ist June, ISoO, and manufacturing to the value of $500 and upward annually, was 1,273, the great 
portion of them being mills of various descriptions, and other agricultural manufactories, and of the sir.ctly national man- 
uniclures the following : 9 woolen nictories,16 ir.m works-^jne making pig iron, and 15 making caatmgs; and S tanneries. 
The total capital invested in manufactures, in 1S40, amounted to $635,926. 

In the xomUn manufacture there is a capital of $31,225 invested ; wool consumed, 184,200 pounds : value of all raw 
material, etc., $32,630 -. han.ls employed, 25 ; monthly wages paid, $562 ; pro.lucts of the year-<:loth 36,000 yards, and 
yarn 94 S50 pounds ; value of products $S7,992. This interest has risen to its present condainn since ls40. 

The capital invested in the manufacture of pig iron is $15,000 : ore used, 3,oOO tons ; cuke and charcoal consumed, 
160,000 bushels ; hands employed, 60; monthly wages $1,800 ; pig iron produced in the yeac 1,000 tons; value of entire 

•"liuhe ma'nuTclure of iron cr,.<«»i(7«, a capital of $116,350 is invested ; pig iron used, 1,371 ton,: ol.l ™f "'; l^ '""'• 
coal 595 tons: and coke and charcoal, 2,700 bushels; value of all raw malerial, etc used m ''''^ >;•"•»,''.'*';,,,';■' '^'^ 
employed, 22S ; average mouthlv wages, $26 73 : producL, of the year-cast.ngs 1,342 tons, and, moludmu' $64.0.. , the 
vZeof other producfs, these w;re valued al$216,196. In 1S40, therewas but one furnace in the Mate, which produced 
only 8 tons cast iron, and employed 8 hands, and a capital of $S00. ^,. j ,oq q n. i„„H, ..moloved 75- 

LuumeHe., the capital invested amounts to $78,960 ; value of hides and skins used $93 3,0 ; ^™rts empk.> ed. 75 , 
monthly cost of labor, $1,710 ; lanne.i during the year, 14,900 skins, and 59,600 sides of lea hor, valued "*•-■'(■ » 
m". but on. tannery was reported, employing 3 hands and $2,000, and producing annuaUy 150 sides of sole leather, and 

'The rapll in"I"d'n "the manufacture of »„« a.* spintuon. U,nor. amounts to $98,700: '."-"''^^^^^^X',;' 
CTain etc consumed-barley, 91,020 bushels; com, 29,900 bushels ; rye, 9,200 bushels ; hops, 28 tons; h.ind, empl..>> d, 
fsqliuirrfTciuorsprod'uced-ale, etc., 31,320 barrels; whisky, 127,000 gallons. In !«''■ *-;,;;:, 'J-^':;;; 
producing 14,200 gallons ale, etc., and 8 distiUeries, producing 8,300 gallons sp.riLs, etc., together emploj lUg 11 hands, and 

'"£;™";f,""/,.e,.K. /,„p™.,„«t«..-The commerce of Wisconsin, chiefly carried on ^^^^^''^^^^^Z 
valuable and extensive. The statistics of its foreign trade with Canada are embraced m those of the districts "f Mich 
mlckinac and Chicago, ati.l hence can not be stated separately The trade ^^^^^^ "^^rip:; Tm ftt 
The coasliiig trade is relatively of immense importance, both on the lake and on the Mississippi. The exports an In 
plat the Ike port, are shown under the head of Lake Michigan. The cliief ''-"^ "^ ' l' ^ P^^'flf;;.'; f,';' 
Chien, Ca-sville, etc., an,l the exporla from those are chiefly mineral. The int.-r,ial conmerco ol he Mat, s ™" ' ' " 
"ih Jreat acUvily, radiating froti the principal commercial towns to every portion, and large supplies are '^r': '-'''" " 
::uiernp-meries which su'pply so valuable a material to general commerce 'l''-" i"^- '"IJ-Xii;: ,:l ^ 7, '^ 
are more pr.spective than existing, but great progress has been made ,n building ailroads, .ne of who h " ''^^ " "' ' f 
Z like shore from Chicago to Fond du Lac, and other roads diverge from Ch,c:,go, M,lw.aukie, etc., ,..» ar 1 li. M, 

Bank, Kichmond's Exchange Bank, and the Wisconsin Marine and Fire Insurance (.ompauj, all at Mil«auk,e. The 
''=::;::rTrr=:>w;u^;l:1s':drr;n convention on thelstrebmary, 184, and approved b. 

""lii^Ser^r;" ::;^r^;hf S; one year next be.re the election, who are while ci..., of the TTnh^ 
fitMe. or white forei-ues who have declared their intention to become such cih.cns. or p.^rsons of ndiau blood once 
rSj;r;ret:;^ofthei;nited.a,estobecit.«..d,.^^ 

rr,;ldtTi~r"~r:v::;:;'::^a'^;;!:^.i.^^^^^ 

!^d those convicted of'lreasoa or crime. The general elections are held on the Tuesday after the first Monday in 
'';;^r}:;v:r7;on,i«t, of an Assemmy and Senate. Members of Ihe Assembly ,in ^"^^^^^^^^^^^ 

meets at Madison on the first Monday of .lanuary anninilly ^ ^^ 

The Governor- shall be a qualified voter and cibzeii of Ih., 1 niftd S ales, an is ci ti i i 

votes and if there be no choice the Legislature shall, by j.Miit ballot, choose one of the person, lia> ing the higliist equal 
dumber of vote,. In default of the governor, his duties are discharged by -'■'■.^ "';;;;'; ^f;;;--;,'''';^ , J ieM^ant' 
the same q.ialiflcation and for the same term as the governor, lie is «.M2?n-,o res, l.mt of the Miat. . f the 1 eutnant 
goJruor defaulLs, then the Secretary of Stale All, the offlco. The governor's r<(o may be .leleated b> a vote of two- 



WISCONSIN. 



Justices of the peace, also probate powers and jurisdiction. The Slate is divided into six judicial circuits, tlic voters of 
each of -wliich elect a judge for six years. The circuit courts have general original jurisdiction in aelrinis civil and 
criminal at law and equity within their circuits. The supreme court is composed of the judges of the circuiis, one of 
whom is elected by the other judges Chief Justice. Except the power to issue writs of 7iiandamti^s, quo warranto^ 
and the like, this court has appellate jurisdiction only, and is the court of last resort. There can be no trial by jury in 
this court. Tribunals of conciliation may be established, and in every organized county the Legislature may appoint 
one or more persons with powers not exceeding those of a circuit judge at chambers. Sherifla, corouerSj registrars of 
deeds, and district attftmeys are chosen by the people for twf> years. 

Among the miscellaneous provisions of the constitution are the following : no lottery or divorce can be granted by the 
Legislature ; laws shall be passed providing a way for suing the State ; the credit of the State shall never be lent, nor 
shall any del)t be contracted nor money paid for internal improvements, unless the State hold trust properly dedicated to 
such uses ; except in cases of war, invasion, or insurrection, no debt exceeding :^100,(iU0 shall be contracted ; a university 
without "sectarian instruction" shall be established; the Legislature shall prevent towns and cities from con'racting 
debts ; no general or special law to create a bank or banks shall be passed till a majority of the votes at a genera! ele(y 
tion shall have been in favor of a bank, and until such a majority have afterward approved the act as passed ; any 
person implicated in a duel loses the right of suffrage and of holding office ; no public defaulter shall hold office ; in 
criminal prosecnlions for libel the jury are judges of law and fact ; all lands are allodial, and leases of agricullural lands, 
with reut or service reserved for more than flfleen years, are void ; resident aliens have all the property rights of 
citizens ; imprisonment for debt on contract is prohibited ; no religious opinions shall disqualify a witness, etc. 

Amendments to the constitution, agreed to by a majority of members of both houses, shall be published for three 
months before the next election, and referred to the Legislature then chosen ; and if again approved by such majority, 
shall be submitted to the people. A convention may be called in like manner. 

Federal Represefitation. —yfiscons'm, in accordance with the apportionment act of the 23rd May, TS50, has three rep- 
resentatives in the United States Congress. 

The militia force of the State as reported to the Adjutant-General of the United States army consists of 32,203 men of 
all arms, of which 1,804 are commissioned officers, and 30,899 non-commissioned officers, musicians, arliflcprs, an<l pri- 
vates. Of the commissioned officers, 9 are general officers, 31 general staff officers, 212 field officers, etc., and 1,552 com- 
pany officers. 

The principal tenecolmt institution of the State is the Asylum for the Education of the Blind at Janesville, a tax of 
onc-flfleenth of a mill on every dollar of taxable property in the State is levied for its aid. It was opened 1st August, 
1S50, and on the 13th December, 1S51, had 8 pupils— 6 boys and 2 girls. Annual cost of support, $1,830. 

Finances, DeU, ^^.•.— The total receipts for the year ending 31st December, 1850, amounted to $98,859 53, and 
the expenditures to $G2,T46 20. The total receipts since the organization of the State government had been to date, 
$100,218 53, and the total expenditures, $152,969 61— excess of receipts, $7,24S 92. The chief sources of revenue are 
taxes and the sales of lands. The principal expenditures are those — for salaries of executive and judicial officers, 
13,592 S3; legislative expenses, $14,309 5S; printing, $8,793 44; State convicts (there being no prison), $3,093 52; mis- 
cellaneous (including revision of statutes in 1S49), $16,356 59. There is a territorial debt of $12,892 75, which would be 
due in June, 1S51. 

statistics of Education. — The superintendent of public instruction reported the capital of the school fund as amount- 
ing on the 1st June, 1851, t*) $538,094 41, which at 7 per cent, interest yielded an annual revenue of $37,666 61. This had 
been derived from sales of school-lands in 1849 and 1850, from the 5 per cents., and from fines. It is expected that 
$5,301,943 44 will be eventually realized from the sales of the school-lands. The sum of $47,416 77 was, Jan. Ist., 1851, 
in the treasury, to be apportioned among the several towns, which would give about 50 cents for each child attending 
school. For the year ending August Ist, 1S50, out of 2,105 districts, 1,700, and out of 764 part districts, 650 had reported 
schools. In the districts reported, each school had been taught on an average 4.96 monihs, and all received $(J5,604 26 
of public money. Out of 92,047 children between the ages of 4 and 20, 61,597 attended schools, and 1,020 under 4, and 
CSS over 20, also attended. Average wages to teachers — male $17 14, and female $9 02. There were at the date indicated 
88 school-houses of brick, 51 of stone, 568 of logs, and 540 framed, and all valued at $173,246 67. The highest valuation 
of any school-house was $5,000, and the lowest, 5 cents. There were also in the State 87 private or select schools, with 
an average of 75 pupils. The Slate University is located at Madison ; it was founded in 1S4S, and is well endowed. The 
Beloit College was founded in 1846, and in 1850 had 6 professors, and 25 students; and its library contained about 3,000 
volumes. These institutions promise to be of essential utility when their organization is perfected. 

I'liblic Libraries. — One State library-— 4,000 volumes; 1 social— 1,000 volumes; S3 public school— 2,168 ; total, 35 
libraries and 7,163 volumes. — Report of tihr. of Smithsonian Imtitut ion, 1851. 

Periodical Presa.—^hQ whole number of periodicals published in Wisconsin in 1850 was 49, of which 11 were con- 
ducted on whig principles, 29 on democratic principles, and 9 were neutral in politics, including lilerarj-, religious, and all 
issues, the character of which had not been ascertained. Of the whole number, 6 were daily newspapers, 5 tri-weeklies, 
86 weeklies, and 1 monthly. The circulation of the dailies amounted to 8,365 copies at each issue, the tri-weeklies to 
1,525 copies, the weeklies to 25,624 copies, and the monthly to 1,500 copies. There was published in Brown cotmty, in 
Columbus and in Crawford county, each 1 w.; in Dane, 3 w. ; in Fond du Lac, 2 w. ; in Greene and Grant, each 1 w. 
in Jetferson, 2 w. ; in Kcno8ha,2w.; in Milwaukie, 6d., 5 t.-w., 6 w.; in Eacine,4 w. and 1 m.; in Rock,3 w.; inSauk, 
1 w. ; in Sheboygan, 8 w.; in St. Croix and "Washington, each 1 w. ; in Winnebago, 2 w. ; and in Walworth and Wauke- 
sha, each 1 weekly. 

Religious Denominationa.—ThQ statistics of the several religious denominations in the Stale in 1S50 were as follows : 

Dennmina- No of Clmrch Value of Denomina- Nn, oT Church Value of Dennmina- No, of Church Value of 

lions. Churches accom. Property. tions. Churches, atcoin. Property. tions. Churches, accnm. I'rojierty. 

Baptist 23.... 9,505.... $52,500 German Eef. — ... . — ....$ — R. Catholic. .. 57 ....23,T1T... $66,085 



Christian.... 
Congregat'l.. 
Dutch Kef. . . 
Episcopal . . 

Free 

Friends 

944 



. 700... 
.10,685... 
. 550... 
. 6^140... 
. 275... 



1,200 

, 61,260 

750 

45,750 

250 



Denomina- Nn, of 


Church 


Value or 


Denomina- No, of 


tions. Cliurclies, 


atcoin. 


Prupstl)-. 


tions. Churches 


German Eef. — . . 


. — .. 


..% - 


K. Catholic... 67 . 


Jewish — .. 


. — . 


.. — 


Swedenbo'n.. — . 


Lutheran ... 18 . . 


. 8,000. 


.. 13,050 


Tanker — . 


Mennonite. . . — . . 


. — .. 


.. — 


Union 1 . 


Methodist... B4 .. 


.15,003. 


.. 62,430 


Unitarian — . 


Moravian — . . 


. — .. 


— 


Universalist.. 1 . 


Presbyterian. 21 .. 


.. 6,000. 


.. 85,800 


Minor Sectfl . . — . 



400. 



ROO.. 



SOD 



WIS 



WOL 



— nmking a total of 244 chnrt'hes, having accommorlation for 7S,450 persons, and vahip<) at $;350,6t)0. Wisconsin forms 
a missionary diocese i>f llie Protestant Episeopiil Cluirch, and coraprlsea ttie R"ni;in Catholic diocese of Milwaukie. 

faiiperis-m atid 'Crhiie.—Tin; whole number of paupers wlio rt-eeived support within llu- year endin^r Isl Juno, 1S50, 
was 666, of which number 169 were native, and 4^7 foreign born ; and the wliulf nuinbi-r of paupers at ihr date specified 
wasSSS, of which 72 were natives, and 166 foreijrncrs. Cost of support within the year, $14,743. A Slate prison has 
just been erecteil at Waupun.in Fiuid du Lac County. 

JlistoHcal A^VLf^eA.*— Wisconsin was first visilfd by French misi^ionarics in 1660, in October of wliich year Mesnard 
reached Che-goi-me-iron, on Lake Superior. In I67"i. Aloues and Dablon visited Green Bay, and tlic country between 
the Fox Ui^cr and Ihe south end of Lake Michigan. In the jcar follmving. on the 13ili of May, Martpieltc, a Jt/suit mis- 
sionary, and Joliel, an agent nf the governraenl of France, with five oihcr Freui-bmen, embarked from tht.-ir mission, near 
Mackinac, and arrived at Green Bay, where they found an lu'lian village and procured guide* to accompany them up 
Fox Iliver to the Portage with the Wisconsin. They descended this river to its mouth, where ihcy arrived on the 17th 
of June, 16":3. and made the first discovery of the Upper Mississippi River. The Territory remained under the govern- 
ment of tlie French, who claimed it, until 1763, when, at the treaty of Paris, it was ceded to Great Jlritain, who retained 
it until the Indrpendenee of Ihe United Stales was acknowledged by that country in 17S3, when it was elaitned by Vir- 
ginia, as a part of the Illinois country conquered by Col. George Rogers Clark. It, however, remained in the possession 
of Great Brit.'dn until 1796, when it was surrendered in accordance with Jay's treaty, ratified the previous year. On tho 
first day of March. 17S4, it was ceded by Virginia to (he United States. By the celebrated ordinance passed the 13lh of 
July, 17S7, a government was provided for the Territory north-west of the Ohio River, which territory was divided into 
two separate governments, the western called Indiana, by an act passed May 7th, ISOO. An act dividing the Indiana 
Territory and organizing Illinois, was passed and approved February 3d, ISuO. By the act of Congress to enable the 
people of Illinois to form a State government, approved April l->lb, ISIS, all that portion of sai<l territory norlli of the 
parallel of latitude 42° 30' west of the middle of Lake Michigan, was attached to the Territory of Michigan, which had 
been set off from Indiana in 1305. 

In 1835, Michigan iiaving assumed a State government, John S. tforner. Secretary and Acting Governor, convened a 
session of the Legislature, at Green Bay, from the remainder of taid Territory. No business was transacted, except the 
passage of several memorials to Congress, among which was one asking for the organization of the Territory of Wiscon- 
sin, with the seat of government at Cassville, on the Mississippi. 

An act establishing ibeTerritorial government of Wisconsin, was passed and approved April 20th, 1836, and the Terri- 
tory fully organized July 4lh, 1S36. 

On the 12th of June, 1S3S, an act was passed dividing the Territory of Wisconsin, and establishing that portion on the 
■west siile of the Mississippi (which had been attached to Michigan in 18:34) into a separate government, under the name 
of Iowa. 

In 1S36, Governor Dodge, by proclamation dated Sept. 9th, convened the Legislature at Belmont, now in Lafayette 
Coimty, on Ihe 2oIh day of October in that year. The second session was held at Burlington, now in the Slate of Iowa, 
November 6tb, 1837, at which session the seat of government was located at Madison, where the first session of the 2d 
Legislative Assembly of Wisconsin was held November 26lb, 1S3S. 

A Convention was held at Madison, October 5lh, 1S46, for the purpose of drafting a State constitution, which was 
adopted in convention. December 16th. 1846, but rejected by the people at the election lield on the first Tuesday in April, 
1-S47. A second convention was held December 16lb, 1S47, and a constitution agreed to February Ist, 1S4S, which was 
approved of liy the electors at the election held April, 1S4S, and Wisconsin was admitted into tUe Uuion, on an equal 
fooUng with tho other States, on the 29lh day of May, 1S4S. 

Madison, on the isthmus between Third and Fourth Lake, is the political capital. 



"Wkconsin river, Wise. : rises in Vieux Desert lake, on 
the N. E. boundary of the State, and flows S. in general 
course for 250 [u. until it reaches Portage, when it turns, 
anrl flows S. W. and W. S. W. 114 m. to its confluence with 
Mississippi r., near Prairie du Chien. Above Portage it 
has numerous rapids, which afford great water-power, used 
at many places by saw-mills. At Portage it is 1,200 feet 
wide, and gradually increases in wirlth to its mouth, where 
it is 1,800 feet wide. Its current is usually quite rapid, but 
is shallow, and there are numerous islands and shil'iing 
sand-bars, rendering navigation somewhat difticult. Steam- 
boats of light draft can usually ascend to Portage. In Rich- 
mond county, where it is 1,350 feet wide, it is bordered by 
high sandstone blufls, from 150 to 200 feet high, presenting 
grand an<i beautiful scenerj'. Proposed improvements of 
this river will render it a very important eh.innel of trade 
and travel between the lakes and Western rivers. 

WiscoT, p. 0., Alleghany co., K Y. : 220 m. W. by 9. A Ibany. 

Wiseman's, p. o., Boone county, Mo.: 15 m. N. N. W. 
Jefferson City. 

WiTAKANTA Tivcr, Minii. Ter,: a large tribut.iry of Min- 
nesota r., flowing S. by E. from WaslUey Irike, 

Witciiee's Ceoss Roads, p. c, Smith co., Tcnn. : 46 m. 
E. Nashville. 

WiTHAMsviLLE, p. o., Clermont co., Ohio : 3 m. N. W. 
Ohio r., 87 m. S. W. Columbus. Pop. about 320. 



Wittenbekg's, p. o., Alexander co., K. Cnr. : 156 m. W. 
Raleigh. 

Witten's, p. 0., Monroe co., Ohio: on W. bank of Oliio 
r., lOS m, K. by S. Columbus. 

WiTTSBrBG, p. v., St. Francis co., Arl: : on W. side of 
St. Francis r., 91 m. E. N. E. Little Rock. 

WoBtfRN, t., p. v., and sla., Middlesex co., Jfass. : 10 m. 
N. N. W. Boston. Surface of t. pleasantly diversified, con- 
taining several pomls ; drained by Mystic r. The v. near 
the centre contains 3 churches and an excellent academy. 
The Woburn Branch R. II. extends hence 3 m. to junction 
at Winchester with the Boston and Lowell K. R. Pop. 
of t 3,954. 

WoLooTT, t. and p. v.. New TTaven co., Conn.: 19 m, 
S. W. Harlford. Drained by Mad r. Pop. 603. 

WoLco'iT, t. and p. v., Wayne co., A^ 1' ; 162 m. W. by 
N. Albany. Drained by small streams flowing into Lake 
Ontario, which bounds it on the W. Tlie v. contains 8 
churches, several stores, etc. The " W. Banner" (neut) is 
here published. Pop. of v. about 650 ; of t. 2,751. 

AVoi.co-rr, t. and p. v., Lamoille co., Venn.: 20 m. N. by 
E. Montpfdier. Drained by Lamoille r. and its branches, 
whif'h atTonl water-power to several mills. Pop. of t. 9u9. 

Woi.roTr'6 Mii.iji, p. o., La Grange county, Ind, : 125 m. 
N.1>y E. Indianapolis. 

WoLCOTTviLLK, p. V. and sta., Litchfield co., Coim. : sita- 



■ This aketcl) of llie liislory of WiacoDsin is taken from " Hunt's Gazelte^r" of tlint SlJite, ndvancfi? nh^Pls of wdicli wrr»? kindly fumiibed V tti« 
Xditor of tb« £. G. of U, S. It ia « work of great value, and rell«ct« hi^ti crcrdit oa ths industry and ability of tbe Isarned aulLur. 

60 M5 



WOL 

ated at the cnnfliience of the heart branches of Naugatuok 
r., 23 m. W. IIarlf.,rd, 87 m. N. N. W. New' Haven. The 
Naugaluck E. R. passes through, 52 m. from Bridgeport, 
10 m. from Winsted. Good water-power is here furnished, 
and improved by various manufaelories. In the vicinity is 
a good bed of copper ore. 
Wolf, p. o., Kno.x co., Ohio: 41 m. N. E. Columbus. 
Wolf lUTotr, p. o.. Ind.-pendence co., Ark.: on small 
stream of same name, 67 m. N. N. E. Little Eock. 

WoiFBoRo', t. and p. v., Carroll county. K f{„mp. : 29 m. 
N. E. by N. Concord. This t. is noted for its flue scenery, 
and the beautiful views here presented of Lake Winni- 
piseogee, which bounds it on the W. It contains numerous 
saw-mills, several tanneries, and other manufacturing 
establishments. Pop. of t. 2,0.3S. 

Wolf Ckef.e, p. o., Lenawee co., Mlc/:. : on cr. of same 
name, 84 m. S. S. E. Lansing. 

Wolf Crf.ek, t. and p. o., Mercer co., Penn. : 184 m. 
W. N. W. Harrisburg. Drained by Wolf or., and contains 
mills of various kinds. Pop. about 2.000. 

Wolf Ckeek, p. o., Pickens disL, S. Car. : 112 m. N. W. 
bv W. Columbia. 

Wolf Lake, p. o., Noble county, Ind. : no m. N. by E. 
Indianapolis. 

Wolf Kivee, p. o., Fayette co., Tenii. : 15S m. W. S W 
Nashville. 

Wolf Eun, p. o., Lycoming co., Penn. : 72 m. N. by W 
Harrisburg. 

Wolfsville, p. v., Frederick county, Md. : 61 m. N. W. 
Annapolis. 

Wolfsville, p. v., Union co., N. Car. ; 99 m. W 8 W 
Ealeigh. 

Wo.velsdoef, p. b., Berks county, Penn. : on 8. side of 
Tulpehocken cr., 86 m. E. by N. Harrisburg. Its inhabit- 
ants are chiefly of German origin. It contains several mills, 
stores, etc., and is surrounded by a fertUe and well-culti- 
vated district. Pop. about 960. 

WoNASQirATcCKET river, Providence co., 71. T. : an im- 
portant mill-stream, rising in Smilhfleld, and flowing 8. E 
into Providence Cove. 

Wood county, Ohio. Situate N. toward the W., and con- 
tarns 612 sq. m. Drained by Portage r. and its branches 
and branches of Maumee r. Surface varied, and descends 
gradually toward Lake Erie in the N., with which connec- 
tion is hail by means of Maumee r. and hay ; soil a deep 
loam, with sand inlermLxcd, and very fertile. Staples, 
wheat and Indian corn. Live-stock and grain are ex- 
ported. A large portion of the "Black Swamp" is within 
the limits of the co., which, if drained, might be rendered 
productive. Farms 704 ; manuf. 21 ; dwell. 1542, and pop.— 
wh. 9,139, fr. col. IS— total 9,167. Capital: Perrysburg. 
PuUic Works : Toledo and Fort Wayne E. E. ; Wabasli 
and Erie Canal. 

Wood county, Tex. Situate toward the N. E., and con- 
tains 1,046 sq. m. Drained by Sabine r. and its branches, 
Lake Fork, Big Sandy cr., and other small streams. Sur- 
face undulating and diversified ; soil fertile, and is adapted 
to cotton, corn, and other agricultural productions. Tliere 
is a considerable quantity of pine timber on the land, and 
some prairie. It contains some springs of excellent water, 
and has some few raineriijs. CapiUil : Quitman, 

Wood county, Virg. Situate N. W.. ami contains 476 
sq. m. Drained by Little Kanawha river and its branches. 
Surface hilly and broken ; soil fertile, adapted to grain and 
grazing. Chief products, wheat and Indian corn, with to- 
bacco, etc. Farms 640 ; manuf. 24 ; dwell. 1.564, and pop.— 
wb. 9,008, fr. col. 69. si. 873-total 9,450. Capital: Park- 
crsburg. Puhllr. Works: North Western K. E. 

Wool. beery, p. v., Butler co., Ey. : 110 ra. S. W. by W. 
Frankfurt. 

WooDBKREv, p. v., Merriwether co., Ga. : on W. side of 
Flint r., SI m. W. Milledgeville. 
Woodbine, p. v. and sta., Carroll co., Md. : on Baltimore 



WOO 



946 



and Ohio E. E., 33 miles from Baltimore, 50 miles N. W 
Annapolis. 

WooDBixE, p. o., Whitley county, K-t/. : 107 m. 8. S E 
Frankfort. 

WoouBotiENE, p. v., Sullivan co., X. Y.: on E. bank of 
Neversink r., 74 m. S. W. by S. Albany. 

WoooBoDK.NE, p. v., Knox county, Tenn. : loa m E 
Nashville. ' ' 

WooDBRtDGE, p. v., Cedar co., la. 
WooDiiRiDoE, I, and p. v.. Middlesex co., N. Jer.: 38 m 
N. E. Trenton. The t. contains several flourishing villaees! 
with part of Eahway v. The New Jersev P.. E p^,^ 
through it. Woodbridge v., 3 m. 8. Eahway, contains a 
church, several stores, etc. Pop. of t. in 1840, 4 S''l • in 
]S5o, 5,141. '■ 

WooDBiEN, p. v., Burke county, Ga. : on Mill cr., 63 m 
E. by N. Milledgeville. 

WooDBL-BN, p. v., Macoupin county. III: 54 m S 8 W 
Springfield. ■ ■ 

W00DBFE.N, p. o., Warren county, Ky. : 120 m S W 
FrankforL 

WoonnrRv. t. and p. v., Litchfield county. Conn. : 31 m 
W. S. W. Harlfor.1. Drained by Pomperaug r. and branches 
which unile near lhev.,and afl-.ird water-power to woolen 
factories, and other mills. The v. is neatly built, and con- 
tains 3 churches, several stores, etc. Pop. of t. 2,150. 

Woodbury, p. v., Cumberiand county, lit. : a branch of 
Embarrass r, S2 m. E. 8. E. Springfield. The National road 
passes through it. 

Woodbury, p. v., Hamilton county, I,id. : 20 m. N. E. 
Indianapolis. 

Woodbury, sta., Baltimore co., Md. : on Baltimore and 
Susquehanna P.. E., 3 m. N. Baltimore. 

WooDBi-EV, p. v., Wright county. Mo. : on Osage fork of 
Gasconade r., S4 m. 8. S. W. Jefferson City. 

Woodbury, p. v.. and cap. Gloucester co., N. Jer. : 88 m. 
8. W. by S. Trenton. It contains a fine brick court-house, 
fire-proof county offices, stone jail, an academy, several 
stores, and 3 churches. The "Constitution" is issued 
weekly. Woodbury cr. flows on N. side of the v., and is 
boalahle to this place. Pop. about 900. 

WooDucKY, p. v., Wood county, Ohio : 94 m. N. N. W. 
Columbus. 

Woodbury, t. and p. v., Bedford co., Penn. .■ 75 m W 
Harrisburg. Drained by Yellow cr. and branches, winch 
afford water-power to numerous flouring and saw mills. 
Iron ore is here found, and smelted by several furnaces. 
Pop. of I, about 4,000. 

Woodbury, p. v., and cap. Cannon county, Tenn.: 42 m. 
S. E. by E. Nashville. It has a good site, and is drained by 
a branch of Stone's cr. of Cumberiand r. It contains the 
county buildings, several stores, etc. Pop. about 200. 

Woodbury, t. and p. v., Washington co.. Verm.: 17 m 
N. E. by N. Monlpelier. Watered by numerous ponds, and 
branches of Lamoille and Onion rivers. Pop. of 1. 1 070. 

Woodcock, t. and p. v., Crawford CO., Penn. : 1S7 in. 
N. W. by W. Harrisburg. Drained by Woodcock creek'. 
The t. contains a large number of mills and other manufac- 
turing estalilishmenls. Pop. about 2.000. 

Woodford counly, III. Situate N. centrally, and con- 
tains 632 m. Mackinaw r, a tributary of Illinois r., drains 
Ihe eastern portion, and other branches of same river the 
N. and W. Surface umlulaling; soil fertile. Staples, 
wheat and grain. The W. is bounded by the Illinois, 
which In lliis part opens into a br.>ad basin. Farms 506 ; 
manuf. 14; dwell. 747, and pop.— wh. 4,416, fr. col. 0— 
total 4,416. Capital: MKhimon. PuUia Works : CenirAl 
Illinois E.E. 

Woodford county, Ktj. Situate N. E. centrally, and 
contains 141 sq. m. Drained by branches of Kentucky r., 
which bounds it on the W. Surface level ; soil a fine deep 
vegetable loam and very productive. Staples, tobacco, 
wheat, and Indian com. Farms 630 ; manuf. 93 ; dwell. 1,063, 



woo 



woo 



and pop.— wh. 5.SS2, fr. col. 1G5. si. 6.o7(J— total 12.4-2-". 
Capital : Versailles. Public Wurks : Lexington and 
Frankfort R. E. 

■Woodford, t. ami p. v., Bennington co., Venn.: 103 m. 
S. S. W. Montpt'Iier. Surface elevat.-d an<I broken : soil 
sterile. Prained by ponds ami small streams. Pop. 4*23. 

Woodfokd's sla.. Cunibcrlnii'l county, 3fe. : on York and 
Cumberland E. E., 2 m. \Y. P.-rtland. ' 

Wood Grovh, p. o., Morgan co., Ohio: 60 ni. E. by S. 
Columbus. 

WiK>nnui.i-, t. and p. v.. Stcnbcn county. K. Y. : 104 m. 
TV. by S. Alliany. Uraincd by Tiiseamra er. Surface un- 
even, and covered with heavy tinil)er. Pop. in 1S40, S27; 
in ISofi. 1.7(59. 

WoyDJiULL, t. and p. o., ShiawassL'C co.. Mich. : 10 m. 
E. N. E. Lansing. Drained by l)ranehes of Looking Gla.'^s 
river. Pop. in lS4a, 147 ; in ISoO, 259. 

"WooDiNGTON, p. o., Dafke county, Ohio: S4 m. W. 
Columbus. 

"Woodland, t and p. o., Barrj' county, 2[ich. : 2S m. "W. 
Lansing. Draine^i by creeks of Grand r. Pop. 3T7. 

Woodland, p. o., Barren county, A'^, ; 9S m. S. W. by S. 
Frankfort. 

Woodland, p. o., Clearfield co., Peniu: 95 m. W. N. W. 
Harrisburg. 

Wooih.and, p.o.,Kast Feliciana par. La, : 29 m. N. byE. 
Baton Eoiige. 

Woodlands, p. o., Ma^«^hall county, Virg. : on E. aide of 
Ohio r., 232 m. N. W. Rirhtnond. 

WooDLAWN, p. v., Dallas county, Ala,: 40 m. W. N. W. 
Montgomery. 

Wo<,tnLAttTC, p. o., Murray county, Ga.: 15S m. X. W. 
Miltedgeville. 

WooDLAWN, p. o., Itawamba county, 3fis.% : 165 m. 
N. E, by N. Jackson. 

Wooi.LAWN, p. o., Washita co., Arl\ : 92 m. S. 9. W. 
Little Rock. 

Wooi'LAWN, p. v., Cecil co., 3fd,: 51 m. N. E. by N. 
Annapolis. The vicinity is highly cultivated, and furnishes 
cattle and wbeal for market. Granite of the finest texture 
is extensively quarried. The Chesapeake fisheries are also 
prosecuted. Pop. 180. 

WooDLAWN, p. o., Monroe co., Mo.: on S. fork of Salt r., 
66 m. N. Jefferson City. 

WooDLAWN, p. v., Appomattox co., Virg. : 81 m.W. by S. 
Richmond. 

WooDLAWN, p. v., Lincoln co., AT Car.: on W. side of 
Catawba r.. 126 in. W. S. W. Kaleigh. 

WooDLAWN, p. v., Edgefield disU, ^. Car. : 62 m.W. S.W. 
Columbia. 

Woodridoe's Stof.e, p. o., Christian county. Ay. ; 170 m. 
8. W. by W. FrankforL 

WooDRirFF's, p. o., Spartanburg dist., S. Car.: 72 m. 
N. W. by W. Columbia. 

Wood's, p. o., Perry county, Teniu : 75 m. S. W. by W. 
Nashville. 

WooDSBORo', p. v., Shelby co., Ala. : C2 m. N. X. W. 
Montgomery. 

WooDsitoEo', p. v., Montgomery co., UK : 45 m. S. by E. 
Springfield. 

WooDSBOBo', p. o., Frederick county, Md. : 52 m. X. W. 
Annapolis. Pop. about 100. 

Wood's Coeneks, p. 0., Hillsdale county, Mich.: 59 in. S. 
Lansing. 

Wood's Cross Roads, p. o., Gloucester co., Viry. : 44 m. 
E. Richmond. 

WooDSDALE, p. v., Person co., 2^. Car. : 50 m. N. N. W. 
Ealeigh. 

WooDsHF-LD, p. v., and cap. Monroe county, Ohio : on S. 
side of Sunfish creek, 96 m. E. Columbus. It has an 
elevated and pleasant site, and contains g'Xid county build- 
ings, with several stores. The "Spirit of Democracy" 
(dem.) is here pubhshed. Pop. 395. 



Wood's Hill. p. v., Eoarie co., Tt'un.: on N. aide Ten- 
nessee r.. 1G2 ni. E. by S. Nashville. 

Wood's Hole, p. v., Rar:islablc co.. Mum. : 62 m. S. S. E. 
Boston. It has a good harbor, admitting vessels of the 
largt-st class, and protected by islands on the S. and W. 
Thr V. is of eonsi.lerable summer resort for sea air and 
balhiiii;. Xatislion Hou<>e is a fine hotel. 

Wnoi> Shop, p. o., Dale county, ,-l^«.; 40 m. S. E. by S. 
Monlgouiery. 

Woon's MtLLR. sta., Vigo co., Iml. : on Terre Haute and 
Eichniond E. U., S m. K. from Terre Haute, 6S*ni. from 
lutliaiiapolis. 

WoiiKsoNvn.LF.. p. v.. H.irt county, A'y. .' on S. side of 
Green r.. SO m. S. W. Frankfort. 

Wood's Station, p. o.. Walker co., Ga. : 172 m. N. W. 
Mille.igeville. 

WooDSTonc, t. and p. v., Windham co., Cin'ti.: 36 m. 
E.N. E. Hartford. The t. has a hilly surface. Drained 
by several streams, of which ,Mu>ldy brook affortls water- 
power. It contains 3 villages, each pleasant and flourish- 
ing, and having some manufactures. Woodstock v., in 
S. E. part of t.. has an elevated site, and is neatly built, 
pop. of L in lS4fi, 3.053 ; in ls5'i, 4.636. 

Wooi>STorK. p. v., Oherok'i-e county, Ga. : on branch of 
Etowah r., lOS m. N. W. Millcrlgeville. 

Woodstock, p. v.. and cap. M'Henry co,. Ill,: 137 m. 
N. N. E. Springfield. It is situated in a pleasant grove, 
near a small brook, nn<l contains the county buildings. 

Woodstimk. t. and p. v., Oxf.ird county, Me, : 37 m. W. 
Augusta. Drained liy branch of Little Andmscotrgin r., 
an<i by several large ponds. Surface partly mountainous. 
The Atlantic and Si. Lawrence E. E. passes through its 
S. W. part, having a station at Bryant's Pond, 62 m. from 
Portlanil. Pop. oft. I,lll2. 

Wood'^tock, p. V. and sta., Howard county, JAA .* on 
IJaltiinore and Ohio E. E., 25 m. from Baltimore, 29 m. 
X. W. by N. Annapolis. 

Woodstock, t, an«l p. v., Lenawee county, Mich.: 4S m. 
S. by E. Lansing. Watered by head branches of Eaiain 
river, several ponds, and a large lake on its S. border. In- 
terests mainly aiirieulturah It contains flouring mills, the 
annual product of whii-h. as valued in IS50, is .$90,365. 
Pop. in l'^4i). 674 ; in 1S50. 949. 

WooDSToric, t. and p. o., Grafton co., K. ITamp. : 54 ra. 
X. by W. Concord. Surface mountainous; drained by 
Peniiirewassett r. Pop. 4IS. 

Woodstock, t. and p. v., ITlsIer county, A'". 5' .• 45 miles 
S. S. W. Albany. Surface mountainous; drained by Sagh- 
kill er. The v. contains 2 churches. Pop. of t. l,65'l. 

Woodstock, p. v.. Champaign co., Ohio: 30 m. X.X.W. 
Columbus. Pop. 205. 

Woodstock, sla., Windsor county, Verm-.: on Vermont 
Central E. E., 17 m. from Windsor, 60 nh from Monlpelier. 

Woodstock. !.. p. v., and cap. Windsor county, Vcniu: 
45 m. S. Ify E. Montpelier. Drained by Oila Queechee r. 
and ils branches, which affonl water-power. Tlie v. in N. 
part of the t. is very ple;isant, and contJiins a hcauliful pub- 
lic green. The eourt-liouse is one of the best edifices of the 
kind in Xew England. It also contains 5 churches, 1 bank, 
cap. $60,000, anil the Vermont Medical College, founded in 
1S35, which in 1S50 had 7 prof.ssors. 90 students, and 333 
graduates. The "Mercury" (whig), and ''Tlic Age'' (dem.) 
lire issued weekly. Pop. of t. 3.041. 

Woodstock, p. v., and cap. Shenandoah county, Virg.: 
106 miles X. W. by X. Richmond. It contains the county 
buildings, 4 churches, an academy. The "Tenth Legion" 
(dim.) is issued weekly. Pop. about 1,000. 

Woodstock Mii.i-s, p. o., Xassau co., Flor.: oxx S. sido 
of St. Mary's r., 142 m. E. by X. Tallahassee. 

Wooj)STowN, p. v., Salem co., N. Jer.: on N. side of 
Salem or., 4S m. S. W. by S. Trenton. It contains several 
stores, and 3 churches. Valuable beds of marl are in the 
vicinity. Pop. about 750. 

HI 



woo 



■\VOR 



TToousviLLE, p. 0., Mercer co., JV. Jer. : 11 m. N. N. "W. 
Trentou. 

WooDVALB, p, 0., Fayette co., Penn. : 146 m. W. by S. 
Harrisburg. 

"WooDviEw, p. o., Morrow co., Ohio: 36 m. N. Columbus. 

"WooDviLLE, p. v., and one of Uie caps. Jackaon oi>unty, 
Ahi.: 5S m. N. Montgomery. The Memphis and Charles- 
ton It. R. will puss near it. 

WooDviLLE, p. v., LitchQeld county, C<mn. : 32 m. TV. 
Hartford. 

WoonviLLE, p. v., Adams county, ///. ; 65 m. AV. by N. 
Bpringrfield. 

WooDviLLE, p. v., Jackson co., Tnd.: on branch of E. 
fork or "White r., 62 m. S. Indianapolis. 

WooDviLLE, p. 0., Haywood co., Tenn. : 146 m. "W. by S. 
Nashville. 

AVooDviLLE, p. v., Middlesex co., 3fass. 

WooDviLLE, p. v., and cap. Wilkinson co., Miss.: 105 m. 
S. W. by S. Jackson. It contains the county buildings, 3 
churches, 2 academies, etc. The "West Feliciana E. K. ex- 
tends hence to Bayou Sara, on the Mississippi river, 26 m. 
The " W. Kepublican" (dem.), and " Wilkinson Whig" are 
issued weekly. Pop. about 900. 

WooDviLLE, p. v., Macon co., Mo. : on S. fork of Salt r., 
73 m. N. Jefferson City. 

WooDviLLE, p. v., Jefferson county, K. T. : on S. side of 
Sandy cr., 147 m. N. W. by W. Albany. It contains several 
mills and stores, with a church. Pop. about 200. 

WooDviLLE, sta.. Queens county, N. Y. : on Long Island 
E. E., 9 m. from New York. 

WooDviLLE, p. v., and cap. Tyler co., Tex. : on W. side 
of Turkey cr., 200 m. E. by N. Austin City. It contains the 
county buildings. 

WooDTiLLE, p. v., Perquimans CO., N.Car. : on W. side of 
Little r., 126 m. E. N. E. Ealeigh. 

WooDviLLE, t. and p. v., Sahduaky co., Ohio : 104 m. 
N. by W. Columbus. Drained by Portage r., on which the 
V. is situated. Pop. of t. in 1S40, 4S6 ; in 1S50, 1,069. 

WooDVTLLE, p. V. aud sta., Greene co., Ga. : on Athens 
Branch R. E., 43 m. N. by E. Milledgeville. 

WoODViLLE, sta., Albemarle county. Virg. ; on Virginia 
Central E. R., 7 m. from Charlottesville, 104 miles from 
Eichmnud. 

WooDviLLE, p. v., Rappahannock county, Vtrg. : 84 m. 
N. N. W. Eichmond. 

AVuoDWAED, p. o., Centre county, Penn.: 66 m. N. W. 
Harrisburg. 

WooDWAEDSTJXLE, p. V., Essex couuty, IT. T. : 85 m. N. 
Albany. 

WooDwonra's, p. o., Granville co., 271 Car. : 45 m. N. 
Fuileigh. 

WooDTARDS, p. o., Athcns CO., Ohio: 67 m. S. E. by E. 
Columbus. 

Woolwich, L and p. t., Lincoln county, 3fe. : 26 ra. 8. 
Augusta. Drained by small streams flowing into Kennebec 
river which bounds it on the W. It is somewhat engaged 
in the fisheries. Pop. of t. 1,420. 

WooNSooKET Falls, p. v. and sta., Providence co., P. I. : 
on Blackstone r., 15 m. N. N. W. Providence. The r. here 
descends in a short distance 21 feet, falling over a precipice 
of rocks, and affording very great water-power. The 
factories are in number about '20, and chiefly engaged in 
making cotton goods. The v. also contains 6 churches, and 
1 bank, cap. $100,000. The Providence and Worcester E. R. 
passes through, 16 m. from Providence, '27 m. from Worcester. 
The New York and Boston Direct E. E. will also pass 
through this place. The *'W. Patriot" (indep.) is issued 
weekly. Pop. about 3,000. 

WoosTEu. t., p. v., sta., and cap. Wayne co., Ohio : 73 m. 
N. E. Columbus. Surface of t. very fertile. Drained by 
KiUbuck cr. and branches. The v. is pleasantly situated, 
and contains the county buildings, and 6 churches.' The 
Ohio and Pennsylvania E. E. passes through it, 134 m. from 
94S 



Pittsburg. The "Wayne Co. Democrat" (dem.). and 
" Wooster Democrat" (wliig). are here publi.'-hed. Pop. of 
V. in 1S40, 1,913: in 1^50, 2,797. Pop. of U including v. in 
1840,8.120; in 1S50, 4,0SO. 

Worcester county, Md. Situate S. E., and contains 
616 sq. m. Pocomoke r. flows through the co. from N. to S., 
by which and its branches it is drained. Surface level or 
rolling ; soil is in general of a sandy nature, in parts it is 
fertile. Staples, wheat and grain. Large numbers of cattle 
and hogs are fattened in the co. Timber is abundant, 
Sinepuxent bay bounds it on the E., and is inclosed by a 
number of islands with inlets to the inner waters. Farms 
1.313; manuf '29; dwell. 2.&S4, and pop.— wh. 12,401, fr. 
col. 3.014, si. 3,444— total 1S,S59. Copital: Snowhill. 

Worcester county, Mass. Situate in the central part of 
the State, and contains 1,450 aq. ra. Drained by Black- 
stone, Quinnebaug, Ware, Miller's, Nashua, and Mill rivers. 
Surface undulating; soil fertile, being a rich black loam, 
and very productive. This co. has many important manu- 
factures, and good water privileges. Chief products wheat, 
Indian corn, oata, potatoes, and tobacco. Farms 7,239; 
manuf. 1,161 ; dwell. 21,709, and pop.— wh. 130,152, fr. 
col. 637— total 130,789. Cajntal : Worcester. PuhliG 
Worka : Boston and Worcester E. E. ; Providence and 
Worcester R. E. ; Worcester aud Fitchburg E. E. ; Western 
R. R. ; Nashua and Worcester R. E. ; Fitchburg E. E. ; 
Vermont and Massachusetts R. R ; Norwich and Worcester 
R. E. ; Cheshire E. E., etc. 

Worcester, p. city, and cap. Worcester co., Mass. : 45 m. 
by railroad, W. by S. Boston. Lat. (AnL Hall) 420 16' 17" N. ; 
long. 71° 4S' 13" W. It is pleasantly situated in a valley, 
surrounded by hills of gentle acclivity, its soil is generally 
fertile, and is drained by branches of Blackstone r. Its 
surface is somewhat diversified, affording a picturesque 
variety in its general appearance. Many of its streets are 
very handsome, of which the most important is Main Street, 
which is about 2 m. long, straight, broad, ornamented with 
beautiful shade trees, and contains the principal hotels, 
stores, banks, churches, public buildings, with several 
splendid private residences. In the S. part of the city is a 
spacious public green. Many of the principal buildings are 
fine structures. Tlie hall of the American Antiquarian 
Society is a large and handsome edifice, erected in 1S20, at 
cost of $10,000, and contains 7,000 volumes. The State 
Lunatic Asylum is finely situated on an eminence E. of the 
city, and surrounded by extensive and beautiful grounds. 
It consists of a large central edifice, 4 stories high, with 
wings 3 stories high, and 134 feet long. This noble institu- 
tion was founded in 1S33, and usually contains from 450 to 
500 inmates. The College of the Holy Cross (Roman 
Catholic) has a fine location on a rounded hill, IJ m, S. W. 
of the city, but its buildings were lately destroyed by fire. 
In 1S50, it had 4 professors, 120 students, and 4,'220 volumes 
in its library. Great attention is generally given to educa- 
tion in the public schools and private academies, which are 
of the best order. The newspaper press, in 1850, consisted 
of the "Massachusetts Spy" (f. soil), daily and weekly; 
''Daily Tribune" (neut.) ; 4 weeklies, "National ^Egis" 
(whig), "Palladium" (dem.), ''Mass. Cataract" (temp.), 
"Christian Citizen" (reform.); and 1 monthly, " N. i). 
Temperance Journal." 

Worcester is one of the most important thoroughfares in 
New England. The railroads here centering are five in 
number: viz., Boston and Worcester E. E., ^ m. long; 
Western R. E., 57 m. io Springfield, 156 ra. to Albany; 
Providence and Worcester R. E., 43 m. ; Norwich and 
'U'^orcester E. R., 66 m. ; Worcester and Nashua E. E., 
45 m. ; and Fitchburg and Worcester R. R., 26 m., which 
uses between Worcester and Sterling Junction, 8 miles, 
the road of the Worcester and Nashua R. E. These very 
important avenues of intercommunication have effectually 
secured to Worcester the greatest facilities for inland trade, 
and hare greaUy developed and increased its manafactures 



WOR 



WRI 



Yeara. 


VbI. of [irop 


year.. 


1800. . 


... $'29W42 


1840. 


ISIO. 


...iA-f^S-S 


1845. 


1820. . 


...2,016,760 


1846. 


1S30.. 


...2,747,300 


1S47. 



Vea r?. 


Val. of prop. 


184S. 


..$8,721,100 


1849. 


. . 10,750,282 


IWl.. 


. . 11.925,055 


1852 . . 


. . 12,676,566 



and general prosperity, lis manufactures embrace nearly 
all branches, aiiti form an aggregate annual product of 
ab'>ul $2.5UO,000. Tlii*re arc five banks, wilh aggregate 
cap. of .$1.00(1,000. and 2 instituUnns for savings. 

The aggregate werillh of Worcester is very great, show- 
ing an unusually large average amount per head. The 
general increase of the city in wealth during the last 
20 years has also been very rapid, hardly surpassed in New 
England. The following table exhibits the valuation of 
properly in various years, from ISOO to 1S52, inclusive: 

.$4,2SS.Et50 

. G, 004. 050 

. 7.116.700 

. 7,690,S50 

In 1S49, the number of persons whose property amounted 
to $30,000 and upward, was 91 ; and 99 persons were 
assessed for $10,000 and upward, but below $20,0i)0. 

The sellloinent of Worcester was commenced in 1675, but 
owing to the Indian border warfare, was not made perman- 
ent until 1713. In ITIS, it contained " 53 humble dwelling 
houses." In 1705, its citizens instructed their representatives 
to join in no measure countenancing the " Stamp Act ;" and 
Boon again manifested their patriotic spirit by prompt action 
upon many matters of national concern. During the revo- 
lutionary struggle it sustained a most honorable part. Its 
career of prosperity during the last thirty years is the 
natural result of the intelligent enterprise of its citizens. 
They have ever been among the foremost in the Slate, in 
contributing to the construction of works of internal im- 
proveuientT in building up home manufactures, and in the 
promotion of agriculture ; and they are now receiving their 
just reward. The city was incorporated in 1S43. Its 
government is vested in a mayor, S aldermen, and common 
council of 24 members (being cooiposed of 3 members from 
each of the S wards). The appropriation of city expenses 
in 1S51, was $75,500 ; in 1S52, $S5,700. The population at 
different periods has been as follows: 



Yenr. 


Pop. 


Year. 


Pop. 


Year. 


Pop. 


Year. 


Pop. 


1765.. 


..1,478 


ISOO.. 


..2,411 


1330. 


. 4,173 


1547. 


.15,643 


1776.. 


..1.925 


1810.. 


..2,.'J77 


1840. 


. 7,497 


1S.50. 


.17,049 


1790.. 


. .2,095 


1320.. 


..2,962 


1S45. 


.11,556 


1853. 


.20,271 



■WoRCKSTEB, t and p. v., Otsego county, 2^. Y. : 50 m. W. 
Albany. Surface of t. hilly. Drained by Charlotte r. and 
branches. The v. contains 2 churches, several stores and 
mills. Pop. of V. about 2iX> ; of t 2,047. 

Worcester, t. and p. o., Montgomery co., Penn. : SO m. 
E. Harrisburg. Interests agricultural. Pop. about 1.400. 

Worcester, t and p. v., Washington co., Verm.: 7 m. 
N. Montpelier. Surface in part mountainous. Drained by 
N. branch of Onion r., which affords water-power, and on 
which the v. in its S. part is situate. Pop. of t. 702. 

Worth county. la. Situate N., and contains 432 sq. ra. 
Drained by English r. and Lime creek. Surface level or 
slightly undulating; soil fertile and adapted to the culture 
of wheat and grain. The N. is diversified with large lakes. 
Set off since 1S50. 

Wor.Tu, p. o., Mercer county, Penn. : 1S7 m. W. N. W. 
Harrisburg. 

WoRTU. p. 0., De Kalb county, Ala.: 140 ra. N. by E. 
Montgomery. 

WoETH, p. 0., Perry co., Ohio : 45 m. E. P. E. Columbus. 

Worth, t. and p. o., Tuscola county, Mich. : 77 m. N. E. 
Lansing. Pop. of t. 600. 

Worth, p. o.. Cook co., III. : 163 m. N. E. Springfield. 

Worth, p. o.. Marion co.. Ark. : on S. ei<ie of While r., 
93 m. N. by W. Little Rock. 

Wontn, p. o., Dubois co., Ind, : on S. side of Patoka cr., 
100 m. S. S. W. Indianapolis. 

WoETUiNGToN, p. v., Mecklenburg county, Ky.: 182 m- 
W. S. W. Frankfort 

WoRTKiNGTON, t and p. v., Hampshire co., Mass. : 95 m. 



W. Boston. Surface elevated and pleasantly diversified. 
Draineit by Westfield r. and its branches. Interests, chiefly 
agricultural. Pop. of I. 1,134. 

WoRTuiNOTo.v, p. V. and sta., Franklin co., Ohio: on E. 
side of Olontangy r.. 9 m. N. by W. Columbus. It is regu- 
larly laid out, with strt-ets crossing at right angles, and is 
very neatly built. It contains 3 churches nod 2 flouristiing 
seminaries. The Cleveland, Columbus, and Cincinnati It. K. 
passes through it, 120 m. from Cievelaud. 129 m. from Cin- 
cinnati. Settled in ISOl by the Scioto Company from Gran- 
by, Connecticut. Pop. 501. 

WoRTiiiNGTON, p. o., Greene co., Jiid.: on W. fork of 
White r., 60 m. S. W. Indianapolis. 

WoRTHiNGTON, p. v., Armstrong county, Penn,: 145 ra. 
W. N. W. Harrisburg. In the vicinity is a charcoal hotr 
blast furnace, with annual capacity of ISOO tons, employing 
SO men ; also 1 charcoal cold-blast furnace, with annual 
cajmcity of 1,100 Ions, employing 40 men. 

WoRTHiNOToN, p. 0., Marion co., Virg.: 200 m. N. W. by 
W. Kichmond. 

WouTiivii-LE, p. v., Carroll co., Ky. : 31 m. N. by W. 
Frankfort 

WoKTHviLLE. p. V., Butts county, Ga. : 50 m. W. N. W. 
Milledgeville. 

Wor.TiiviLLE, p. v.. Jefferson co., N. Y. : 132 m. N. W. by 
W. Albany. 

WoRTnviLLE, p. v., Johnson co., hul. : 12 m. S. by E. 
Indianapolis. 

Wrentuam, t. and p. v., Norfolk county, dfass.: 23 m. 
S. W. by S. Boston. Surface pleasantly diversified. Drain- 
ed by branches of Taunton, Ctiarles. and Neponset rivers, 
which afford considerable water-power. The t contains 
several pleasant villages. The Norfolk County K. K. crosses 
its N. W. part. Wrenlham v., near the centre, is neatly 
built. Pop. of t. 3,037. 

Wright county, /(/. Situate toward the N.. and contains 
576 sq. m. Drained by Boone r. and head branch of Iowa r. 
Surface undulating; soil fertile, and adapted to grain. Set 
off since 1S50. 

Wright county, J/o. Situate toward the S. W., and con- 
tains 913 sq. m. Gasconade r., and Osage fork of same, 
wilh their branches, drain the county. Surface uneven and 
varied ; soil in general fertile, and adapted to the cultiva- 
tion of wheal and grain, and is also favorable to the growth 
of tobacco. Timber is abundant. Farms 371 ; manuf. ; 
dwell. Ml, and pop.— wh. 3,305, fr. col. 0, si. S2— total 3,837. 
Capital: HarteviUe. 

WRionx, p. o., Ottawa county, Mich.: 65 m. W. N. W. 
Lansing. 

Weight, p. o.. La Salle co., lU.: on Vermillion r.,104m. 
N. N. E. Springfield. 

Wright, p. o., Greene county, Ind. : 66 m. 8. W. by S, 
Indianapolis. 

Wright's BLrFF, p. o., Sumter district, S. Car.: 50 m. 
E. by S. Columbia. 

Wrightsboro,' p. v.. Columbia co., Ga. : on a branch of 
Little r., 54 m. N. E. MiiU-dgevillo. It contains an academy 
and church. P(tp. about 150. 

Wright's Cok.ners, p. o., Niagara co., N. Y.: 262 m. 
W. by N. Albany. 

Weightstown, p. v., Burlington county, N. Jer. : on N. 
branch of Crosswick's cr., 15 m. S. S. E. Trenton. 

W^rightsvillk, p. b., York co., Peiin.: <m W. bank of 
Susquehanna r., 24 m. S. E. Ilarrisburg. It is connected 
with (Columbia, on the i)ppo3ite side of the river, by a bridge 
5,690 feet long. The York and Wrighlsville K. E. extends 
hence to Vork. Pop. about 750. 

WfiiGimsviLLB, p. v., r.oane co., Terni.: on S. side of 
Tennc-^Hee r. 132 m. E. by S. Nashville. 

Wkightbvillk, p. v., Pontotoc county, Miss.: 146 m. 
N. E. by N. Jackson. 

Wkightsville, p. v., Clinton county, IT. Y.: 140 m. N. 
Albany. 

949 



WUR 



XEN 



AVuRTEUBEito, p. v., LawrcQce conuiy ^ Pemi. : 174 m. 
W. by N. Harrisburg. 

WUBT6B0E0,' p. v., Sullivan co., K T.: 86 m. S. S. W. 
Albany. Il contains 2 churches and several slores. In the 
vicinity is a valuable lead mine. The Delaware and Hud- 
son Canal passes near this place. 

"Wyaconda, p. 0., Scotland co., Mo. : 127 m. N. Jefferson 
City. 

"Wyakoming lake and river, La Foirite co., Wise. : the 
lake in S. central portion of the county is S m. long, of 
varying width. The river is its outlet, flows W., and is the 
pricipal head branch of St. Croix river. 

Wyalosino, t. and p. o., Bradford co., Penn.: 103 m. 
N. N. E. Harrisburg. Drained by "Wyalusiug creek and 
branches. 

Wtalusing, p. v., Grant county, TTwc. ; 76 m. W. by S. 
Madison. 

Wyandott county, Midi. Situate N. middle in the S. 
part of the State, and contains 576 sq. m. Drained by the 
Sheboygan and Skooawargurniish rivers, which are received 
by Urge lakes in the N., and other considerable streams, 
the waters of all being discharged into the Mackinaw straits. 
Surlace generally even ; soil fertile. Set off since 1S50. 

AVvANnoTT county, Ohio. Situate toward the N. "W., and 
contains 351 sq. m. Sandusky r. passes centrally through 
il, by which and by Tychmochle r. and other branches it is 
drained. Surface somewhat elevated; soil a fine deep 
mold, and is in general fertile. Wheat, grain, and potatoes 
are the staples. Live-stock and grain are exported. Farms 
92S; manuf. 37; dwell. 1,961, and pop.— wh. 11,34:?, fr. col. 
49— total 11,292. Capital: Upper Sandusky. Pahlic 
War kit : Mad Eiver and Lake Erie R. li. ; Fiulay Branch 
E. li. ; Ohio and Indiana K. K., etc. 

■\Vyandott, p. v., Wyandott co., OJiio: 51 m. N. by "W. 
Coiumbus. 

Wyandotte, p. o., Tippecanoe Co., Ind.: 55 m. N. W. 
Indianapolis. 

"Wyasoke, sta., Amelia co.. Virg, : on Eichmond and 
Dauvdie E. E., 4:5 m. from Eichmond. 

■Wyatt, p. v., La Fayette co., Mi^s. : on N. side of Talla- 
hatchie r., 156 m. N. by E. Jackson. Pop. about 250. 

TV YE river, Md.: flows between Talbot and Queen Ann 
counties, and enters Eastern bay of the Chesapeake by a 
broad esluary. 

"Wye MJLI.B, p. o., Talbot co., Md. : on S. bank of Wye r., 
25 m. E. by S. Annapolis. 
WvKERTowN, p. v., Susscx CO., IT. Jer. : 65 m. N. Trenton. 
Wylliesbueg, p. 0., Charlotte co., Virg. : 75 m. W. S. W. 
Eichmond. 

i Wynant, p. 0., Shelby county, Ohio: 69 m. W. N. W. of 
Columbus. 

Wynantskill, p. v., Rensselaer co., 2T. Y. : on creek of 
same name, 7 m. E. N. E. Albany. 

Wyncoop'b Crkek, p. 0., Chemung co., 2T. Y.: 160 m. 
W. by S. Albany. 

Wynn, P.O., Franklin county, Ind.: 60 miles E. 8. E. 
Indianapolis. 

W YOCENA, t and p. o., Columbia co., Wise. : 30 m. N. by E. 
Madison. Soil fertile prairie land, with some growth t)f 
timber. Drained by Duck cr. and small streams. Popu- 
lation 506. 

WYO.MINQ county, IT. Y. Situate W., and contains 5S0 
sq. m. Drained by Allen, Cayuga, Tonawanda, Seneca, 
and f»ther creeks. Surface undulating, and forming f(»r 
the most part a series of elevated plains or terraces; soil 
fertile, and particularly so along the valley of the Genesee, 
being a gravelly loam, moist, and adapted to grain, etc. ; 
the S. p'lrtion is best suited for grazing. Chief productions, 
wheat, oats, and potatoes. It contains some minerals, and 
some fossil shells and vegetable substances. Agriculture is 
the leading pursuit. Good water-power is supplied by the 
falls of the Genesee. Farms 3,360; manuf. 299; dwell. 
6,91S, and pop.— wh. 81,935, fr. col. 46— total 31,9S1. Cap- 
950 



ital: Warsaw. Public M'orAs : Buffalo and New York 
City E. E.; Genesee Valley E. E. ; Genesee Valley Canal. 

Wyoming county, Pe}i7i. Situate N. E., and ccnlains 455 
sq. m. Susquehanna river passes centrally through it, by 
which and its branches il is drained. Surface varied, being 
pleasantly diversified whh low hills and fertile valleys ; soil 
in parts very fertile. Staples, wheal, corn, and potatoes. 
It has good pasturage, on which numbers of cattle and hogs 
are fed. Anthracite coal is found. Farms S95 ; manuf. 59 ; 
dwell. I,S34, and pop.— wh. 10,650, fr. col. 5— total 10.655. 
ri/^"Y!/;:Tunkbannock. Puhlic TTorA'*; Lackawanna and 
Western E. E. ; North Branch Canal, etc. 

Wyoming county, Virg. Erected from Logan co. ia 
1S50. Situate W., and contains 1,342 sq. m. Druned by 
head branches of Guyandotte r., branches of Tug fork of 
Sandy r. and Camp cr. Surface much broken and hilly, in 
parts mountainous; soil various, generally adapted to graz- 
ing. Chief products, wheat and Indian corn. Farms ISS ; 
manuf. ; dwell. 24S, and pop.— wh. 1,533, fr. col. 1, si. 61— 
total 1,645. Capital: Wyoming. 

Wyoming, p. v.. Stark co., JU. : on E. side Spoon r., 85 m. 
N. by W. Springfield. 

Wyoming, sla., Middlesex county. Muss: on Boston and 
Maine E. E., 6 m. from Boston. 

Wyoming, p. v., Wyoming co., iV. Y.: on W. bank of 
Allen's cr., 229 m. W. Albany. It contains three churches, 
an academy, several stores, etc. Pop. about 700. 

Wyoming, p. v., Luzerne co., Perm. : on W. side of Sus- 
quehanna r., 85 m. N. E. by N. Harrisburg. 

Wyoming, p. v., Dinwiddle county, Virg. : on N. side of 
Nottoway r., 43 m. S, S. W. Eichmond, 

Wyoming, t. and p. o., Iowa co.. Wise. : 32 m. W. Mad- 
ison. Drained by Pipe cr. and other small streams which 
flow into Wisconsin r. Pop. 206. 

Wysox, t. and p. c, Bradford co., Penn. : 105 m. N. by E. 
Harrisburg. Surface hilly. Drained by Wysox and Eum- 
field creeks. The t contains several grist and saw mills. 
Pop. about 2,000. 

Wythe county, Virg. Situate toward the S.W., and con- 
tains 57S sq. m. Drained by New r. and its branches, and 
branches of Ilolston r. Surface level, somewhat elevated, 
forming a table land ; soil fertile, making good pasture. 
Chief products, wheat, oats, and Indian corn. Farms 663; 
manuf. 22; dwell. 1,631, and pop.— wh. 9,618, fr. col. 221, 
8l. 2,185— total 12,024. Ccipital:ViyUievme. Public Works: 
Virginia and Tennessee E. E. 

Wythe, p. o., Hancock county, PI. : 90 m. W. N. W. of 
Springfield. 

Wytiikville, p. v., and cap. Wythe co., Virg.: 195 m. 
W. by S. Eichmond. It contains the county buildings, one 
bank, several stores, etc. The "Eepublican and Constitu- 
tionalist" (dem.) is issued weekly. The Virginia and Ten- 
nessee E. E. passes through this place. Pup. about 600. 



X. 



Xenia, t., p. v., sta., and cap. Greene co,, 0?iio : 47 m. 
W. S. W, Columbus. The township is large, and contains 
some of the most fertile land in the State, Drained by 
Little Miami r. and branches, one of which, Shawnee creek, 
flows through the v., situate near (he centre of the t. The 
V. is regularly laid out, with streets crossing each other at 
right angles, and is generally well built. It contains hand- 
some county buildings of brick and stone, a bank, and 5 
churches. The " Xenia Torch Light" (whig) is here pub- 
lished. The railroads here centering are Little Miami 
U. E., from Cincinnati 65 m. ; Columbus and Xenia 11. E., 
55 m. ; Dayton and Xenia R. E,, 15 m. : each of which ia 
but a portion of extended and very important routes. Pop, 
of V. in 1S40, about 1.200 ; in 1?50, about 2,200 ; pop. of t. 
including v., in 1S40, 4,913; in 1S50, 7,056. 

Xenia, p. 0., Clay county, Hi.: 93 miles S. E. by S. 
Springfield!. 



XPR 



TAZ 



X. pRAiBiE, p. o., Noxubee co., Mi^a. : 123 m. X. E. by E. 
Jackson. 



Tadkin rivor, N, C<ir.: rises in the Blue Ki'lge. flows 
E. ami 8- E. through the State, into South Carolina, whi'ti 
it takes the name uf Great Pedce r., until it empties iiita 
"Winyard hay, near Georgetown. In Montgomery coutity 
it passes thfipugli the " Narrowa," where it is contrat-teJ in 
wiiith from tiuu u> UM feet. It is navigable for boats and 
smatl vessels throughout the greater part of its course. 

Yakima river, Oreg. Ter. : rises in the Cascade Kange, 
flows S. 9. E. and E., and t-mpties into Columbia river, near 
the confluence of Lewis river. 
Yale, p. o., .Jasper cu., III.: S5 m. S. E. Springfield. 
Yallaburiia. county. Jfi.ss. Situate towanl the N.. and 
contains S9" sq. m. Yallabusha r. passes through the S. por- 
tion from E. to W., by which and its branches it is drained. 
Surface undulating and somewhat elevated ; soil a deep 
rich mi-dd, very fertile, and produces fine crops of grain an<l 
potatoes, it is also favorable to the growth of cotton, which 
is produced abundantly, and is one of the staples. Farms 
S72; nianuf. 32; dwell. 1,491. and pop.— wh. 8,652, fr. col. 
9, si. 8,597— total 1T,25S. CapiUtl: ColTeeville. PiiUic 
Works: Mississippi Central K. E. 

Yam Hill county, Oreij. Ter. Divided from Clatsop and 
Washingbm counties by a line on the parallel of Cape Look- 
out to the Willaniette river, and from Polk and Marion 
counties by a line on the parallel of the mouth of Yaquina 
river, a small stream of the Pacific Ocean which lies <in the 
TV. The E. line is the "Willamette and Drift cr.. one of its 
affluents from the 9. Drained chiefly by Yam iiill and 
Chehalem rivers, tributaries of the Willamette from the W. 
The county has immense water-power and fine agricultural 
resources. Farms 142; manuf. 4: dwell. 24^, and pop. — 
wh. 1,511, fr. col. I— toi;d 1.512. Capital: Lafayette. 

Yampa river, rttth Ter. : rises on W. side of the Kocky 
mts., and fiows \V. to its confluences with Green river. 

Yanauy, p. c, Oktibbeha county, Mms.: 112 m. N. E. 
Jackson. 

Yancey county. A'. Cnr. Situate W.. ami contains 6ST 
8q. m. Drained by Nolichueky r. arid its branches. Sur- 
face elevated and mountainous; soil in parts fertile, and 
adapted to the cultivation of grain and other agricultural 
Ijroduclions. It etrntains a copperas mine. Black mt., ele- 
vated 6,476 feet above the ocean level, is within the limits 
of this county. Farms 970; manuf. 10; dwell. 1,322, and 
pop.— wh. 7,809, fr. col. 50, si. 346— total S,205. Capital: 
Eumsville. 

Yancky's Mills, p. o., Albemarle county, Tirg.: 75 m. 
W. N. W. Richmond. 

Yanceyville, p. v., and cap. Caswell co., K. Car. : CO m. 
N. "W. Raleigh. It contains the c<iunty buildings. Pop. 
about 300. 

Yanhaxna, p. o., Georgetown district, S. Car.: 100 m. 
E. S. E. CWumbL-u 
Yankkk Hill. p. o.. Menard co, 77/.; 16 m. N.W. Springfield. 
Yakkee Settlement, p. c, Delaware co., /((. ; 60 m. N. 
Iowa Cily. 

Yankee Springs, t. and p. o., Barry co., Mick.: 44 m. 
"W. by S. Lansing. Drained by branches of Thornapple r. 
Pop. in 1S40. 1.50 ; in 1S50. 292. 
Yankeetown, p.o.,Darke co., Ohio: 84 m.W. Columbus. 
YA:4*rir, p. v. and sla., New L<)ndon co., C<'iii>. : on Yan- 
tic river, and New London, Willirnanlic, an<l Palmer K. R.. 
16 m. from New London. 50 in. from Palmer, 31 m. E. S. E. 
Hartford. It has several factories. 

Yaxtio river. New London co., Conn.: is formed in Le- 
banon t. by 3 branches, flows E. and S. E., and below Nor- 
wich empties into Thames r. One mile above its mouth it 
» has a beautiful fall of 1 1 feet over a rocky precipice, afl'ording 
great water power, improved by numerous manufactories. 



Yaphank, p. o. and sta., Suffolk co., N. Y. : on Long 
Island R. R., 60 ra. from New York, 15S m. S. S. E. Albany 
Yardleyville. p. v., Bucks co., Penn.: on W. bank of 
Delaware river, lu2 m. E. Uarrisburg. It contains seTeral 
stores and mills. A ferry here crosses the Delaware. Pop. 
about 150. 
Yardville, p. o., Mercer co., J\' Jer. : 6 m. E. Trenton. 
Yaumouth, t., p. T., and sta., Cumberland co.. Me. : 41 m. 
S. S. W. Augusta. Drained by a small streiim which 
aff.Tds water-powt-r. The Kennebec and Pordand R. E., 
and Atlantic and St. Lawrence R. R,, pas.^ through tho t, 
and connect I m. from the v., 12 m. from Ponlan(i,47 m. 
from Augusta. Pop, of t. 2,144. 

Yaemol-th, t. and p. v., Barnstable county, Mans. : 63 m. 
S. E. Boston. The t, extends across Cape Cod, and has a 
sandy and sterile soil. It contains 4 thriving villages, each 
engaged in the fisheries and coasting trade. The manufac- 
ture of salt is carried on extensively. Pop, of t. 2.5i>5. 

Yarmouth Port, p. v., Barnstable co., J/(/*a. ; on inlet 
of Cape Cod bay, 61 miles S. E. Boston. It contains 3 
churches, several stores, and 1 bank, cap. $300,000. The 
" Yarmouth Regi.ner" (whig) is issued weekly, 

Yates county. N. Y. Situate W. centrally, ami contains 
330 sq, m. Drained by Flint creek, West r.. Cnmked lake 
outlet, and Big and Rock streams, the two latter flowing 
into Seneca lake; much gt)od water-power is supplied in 
their courses. Surface diversified by hills and valleys, much 
of ii being greatly eluvaled : soil very fertile ; in S. portions 
a warm, clayey mold prevailing, and pnhhicli\ e in grain 
and fruits. It contains some good meadow land. Chief 
jiroductious, wheat, Indian com, and potatoes. Here are 
some minerals, and a valuable sulphur spring. A brine 
spring. lat«-ly found near Dundee, has proved productive, 
and yields a considerable revenue. Farms 1.G73: nianuf. 
165; dwell. 3,7S4, and pop.— wh. 20.442, fr. col. 14S— total 
2'»,r»90. CapitAil: Penn Van. I'ublic Work^i: Canandaigua 
and Elmira R. R. 

Yates, t and p, v., Orleans co., JV. }'. .• l$-3 ni, 'W. by N. 
Alliaiiy. Draini-d by Johnson's creek, flowing into Lake 
Ontario, wliich bounds it on the N. The; v. on -lohnsou'a 
cr. contains several mills and stores. Pop, of 1. 2,242. 
Yatesvili.e, p. o,. Yates co., y. Y. ; 232 m, W. Albany. 
Yatesville, p. o., Lunenburg co., Viri/. : Gl m. S. W. 
Richmond. 
Yatton, p. v., Washington co., lii. : 14 m. S. Iowa City. 
Yazoo county, j)//.w. Situate W. cenlrally. and contains 
731 sq. m. Drained t)y Lril)utariea of Big Black and Yazoo 
rivers. Surface urnlulating; soil fertile, and well .adapted 
to grain. Chiif i)roductions, cotton and Indian com. 
Farms 464; manuf. 17; dwell. 935, and [t'>p, — wh. 4,069, 
fr. col.— , si. 10,349— total 14.418. Capital: Benton, Public 
Wurk^i : Mississippi Centra! R. K. 

Yazoo river, J/mw .■ is formed at "W. boundary of Carroll 
CO., by the confluence of Tailuhatchee and Yallabusha 
rivers, an<i fiows S. S. W. in very meau'lering course, 
about 160 m. to il3 entrance into the Mississippi river, near 
Vicksburg. This is an excellent stream, aflTording easy nav- 
igation for steamboats, of which a considerable number are 
constantly ompIoy(^<l in ilu: transi)ort;i(ion of cotton. 

Yazoo Cjty, p. city, and cap. Yazoo co., -Viw.s. .- on E. side 
of Yazoo r., 40 in. N. by W. Jackson. It is situated on a 
liiw blutr. which, back of the city, rises to a very conslder- 
abli; elevation. The main street follows thd river in bend- 
ing course, but tho rest of (he city is laid out with general 
regularity. The county seat was removed tr> tins place 
from Benton in 1S52. The court-houso is nn elegant stnic 
lure of brick. There are 5 churches, of which the Kpiacopul 
Society has a handsome edifice. The houses are chiefly 
built of wood, and are not characterized for their elegance 
The trade of the city is almo.st exchi.*;ivcly in colt<»n, of 
which from 75,000 to lOd.Oon bales are shipped aniHi;ilIy to 
New Orlcarts. There are 3 steam saw-milN, with no other 
manufacturing establishments. A plank-road exten<Is hence 

961 



YEL 



TON 



to Benlon, 10 miles. Two newspapers, llic " Yazoo Dt-m- 
ocral" and " Yazoo Cily Wbig," are issued weelily. Pop. 
about -2,000. 

Yell county. Ark, Situate W. centrally, and contains 
1,027 sq. m. l)r:iini-d by Petite .Jean, and other tributaries 
of Arliansas, Ahiih form.* ils N. E. boundary. Surlace 
varied, in the S. E. being hilly, but in general it is level ; 
aoil fertile, and adapted to grain. Cotton and tobacco are 
produced in small quantities. Timber is found of a good 
quality, and there are some excellent coal beds. Farms 
830; manuf 20; dwell. 473, and pop.— wh. 2,902, fr. col. 
16, si. 424— total 3,341. C«i//<ai; Danville. 

Yell county, Iii. Situate centrally, and contains GI5 
sq. m. Dr.'iined by Des Moines river and ils branches. 
Surface diversilied by gentle swelling lands; soil fertile, 
and favorable to the cultivation of grain. It has good lim- 
ber and prairie land. Set off since 1S60. 

Yellow lake, Jefferson county, Al }'. ; 100 miles N. W. 
Albany. It is 4 m. long, J m. wide, and abounds with ex- 
cellent fish. 

Yellow- river, Tni). : rises in N. W. part of Koscuisko 
CO., flows W. S. W. and W., and empties into English lake. 
It is about 60 in. long, and in high waler is navigable 30 or 
40 miles. lis average width below Plymouth is 100 feel. 
Ils course is not generally rapid, but it affords considerable 
water-power. 

Yellow Beanch, p. o., Campbell Co., Virg. : on branch 
of Taunlon r, 91 m. W. by 8. Eichmond. 
Yellow Bud, p. o., Eoss co., Ohw : 42 m. S. Columbus. 
Yellow Bush, p. c, Chickasaw county, Misa.: 128 m. 
N. N. E. Jackson. 

Yellow Ckeek. p. o., Knox Co., Xi/. : on stream of same 
name. 126 m. S. E. by S. Frankfort, 

Yellow Ckeek, t. and p. v., Chariton eo., J/b. ; 89 m. 
N. W. by N. Jefferson Cily. Drained by Yellow creek. 

Yellow Ceeek, p. o., Lumpkin co., Ga. : 120 m. N.N.W. 
Milledgeville. 

Y'ellow Ckeek, p. v., Tishemingo co., Mi^s. : 206 m. 
N. E. by N. Jackson. 

Yellow Creek, p. o., Stephenson Co., Ill,: 109 m. N. 
Springfield. 

Y'ellow Creek Fi:rnace, p. o., Montgomery CO., Tenii. : 
85 m. W.N. W. Nashville. 

Yellow Head Glote, p. o., Will county, III, : 144 miles 
N. E. by E. Springfield. 

Yellow Moontain, p. o., Yancey co., ii^ Car. : 208 m. 
W. Ealeigh. 

Yellow Eivur, p. v., Gwinnett co., Ga. : on TcUow r., 
73 m. N. W. Milledgeville. 

Yellow Eivek, p. 0., Marshall county, Iiid. : 102 m. N. 
Indianapolis. 

Y'ellow Spring, p. o., Johnson county, Ind. : 12 m. S. 
Indianapolis. 

Yellow Spring, p. v., Des Moines CO., la, : 48 m. S.S.E. 
Iowa City. 

Y'ellow Spring, p. v., Hampshire county, Virg. : 145 m. 
N. W. by N. Eichmond. 

Y'ellow Spring, p. v., Blair Co., Penn, ; 72 m. W. by N. 
Harrisburg. In the vicinity is a hot-blast charcoal furnare, 
with annual capacity of 1,400 tons, employing 10(1 men; 
also 1 charcoal forge, which in 1S49 made 401) tons of 
blooms, employing 80 men. 

Yellow Sprinos, p. v. and sta., Greene CO., Ohio : on 
the Little Miami U. E., 72 miles from Cincinnati. 47 miles 
W. by 8. Columbus. It is pleasantly siluated, and contains 
a sulphur spring, which is much resorted to in the summer. 
Yellow Springs, p. o., Claiborne county, Tenn, : 190 m. 
E. by N. Nashville. 

Yellow Stone, p. c, Paulding CO., Ga : 182 m. N. W. 
by W. Milledgeville. 

Yellow Stoke, p. o., Hawkins CO., Tetm. : 212 m. E. of 
Nashville. 
Yellow Watek river, Ala, and Fhr, : rises in Covington 



CO., Ala., flows S. S. W. and S. W., and empties into Y'dlovT 
Waler bay of Pensacola bay. 

Yellville, p. v., and cap. Marion Co., Arl: : on N. side 

of Crooked cr., a tributary of White r., 1U2 m. N. byW. Little 

Eock. It contains a c<»url-house and jail. Pop. about 100. 

Yelvingtun, p. v., Daviess CO., Xy. : 132 m. W. by S. of 

Frankfort. 

Yeocomico river, TTrg.: a branch of Potomac r., separ- 
ating Northumberland and Westmoreland counties. 

Yeocomico, O. 8. collection dist, Vh'g. : total tonnage on 
June 80, 1850, amounted to 3,2S4 tons, all of which was em- 
ployed in the coasting-trade. During the year one vessel, 
a schooner of 57 tons, was built. 

Ynouski, p. o., Kalamazoo CO., MicJu : 64 m. S. W. byW. 
Lansing. 

Y'ocoNT, p. 0., Itawamba Co., Miss, : 186 m. N. E. by N. 
Jackson. 

YocDM Station, p. o., Lee co., Vlrg. : 819 m. W. by S. 
Richmond. 
Y0CII.MT0WN, p. v., York CO., Penn, : 17 m. S. Harrisburg. 
Y'oHOGANY, p. o., Westmoreland co., Penn. : 136 m. W. 
Harrisburg. 

Yolo county, Calif. Occupies the tract between the 
Sacramento r. and Putah cr., and the Coast Eange. The 
N. boundary is a line on the parallel of 89° 20. N. lalilude, 
meeting the Sacramento about 3 m. below Colusi. Drained 
by Cache and other creeks of Clear lake, and several 
streams falling into the Sacramento and Pulah. There are 
several lakes in the co.— Washington, 3 m. by i m. ; Clear, 
6 m. by 2 m. ; and Tule, J m. by i m. The principal settle- 
ments are Washington, Fremont, Caeh6 Creek, Cottonwood, 
Merrit, and Pulah. Pop. in 1S62, 1,.307 ; whiles 1,274— 
males 1,0S5, and females 139- negroes 11, mulattoes 3, In- 
dians 1.52— males 109, and females 43 ; f.jrcign residents S6— 
males S3, and females 3. Over 21 years of age— citizens 
1,016, negroes 10, nmlaltoes 8. Indians 90, and foreigners 51. 
It is one of the best agricultural counties in the Slate, and 
produces large quantities of truck for the cily markets. 
Acres in cullivalion, 3,846. Mining is but a subordinate 
occupalion. Capital: Fr6monl. 

YoNCALA, p. v., Benton CO., Oreg. Ter. : on 8. bank of 
Elk r., 92 m. S. by W. Salem. 

YoNGiTEsviLLE, p. V. and sta., Fairfield dist., S. Car. : on 
Charlotte and South Carolina Eailroad, 82 miles N. by W. 
Columbia. Pop. about 100. 

YoNKEKS, t. and p. v., Westchester CO., J^, T. : 132 m. S. 
Albany. Drained by Bronx r. on the E.. and by Saw-Mill 
or Nepperhan r., an affluent of the Hudson, which latter 
forms ils W. border. Surface somewhat uneven and broken ; 
soil clay and sandy loam, generally well cuUivaled. It is 
one of the pleasantest and most healthy towns on the Hud- 
son, and of late years has been selected by great numbers 
of the merchants of New York cily as a suitable residence 
for their families. The v., on Nepperhan r., has been rapidly 
built up wilh substantial and splendid dwellings, and has 
also several extensive manufacturing establishments and 
mechanic shops. A steam bedstead factory, one of the 
largest in the Union, and two very extensive hat factories, 
are fi>und here; while on the river aro two grist-imlls and 
many shops which are operated by water-power. Yonkers 
has six churches— 1 Eoman Catholic, 1 Episcopal, 2 Baptist, 
and 2 Presbyterian. There are also in the v. two academies 
for females, and one fir boys, and two public schools. The 
business of the place is extensive, it being a point of supply 
and deposit for a rich back country. It has an ample river 
front and several landings, which afford every fecility to 
steamboats and river craft ; and the Hudson Elver E. E., 
which passes through the t on the immediate bank of the 
river, secures frequent conimuniciilion with New York city, 
14 or 16 passenger cars passing up and down during the 
day. Three steamboats ply daily on the Hudson between 
the two places. For the acoimmodation of visitors, there 
is a splendid hotel at the corner of Broadway and Mechanic 



YOR 



but border- 



Stre'l, fnmling on b..th, ami containing bc-twi-t-n 500 and 
8U0 rocms. Altachfd lo tlie liolel is a flue hall, used for ex- 
hibitions, theatricals, lectures, etc, Tliire are other hotels 
and taverns in various i.arts. Broadway is the principal 
Beat of retail trade, and not a few of the stores ri\ at in as- 
sortment and elegance those of New Torlc city. On the 
same avenue stainls the market-house, which is well pr.j- 
Tidcd with suhstanlials and luxuries in their seasons. Tbe 
Croton .Aqueduct p:is8es through the v., and some of the 
streets are arched over for thiit purpose. Tonkers, indeed, 
lias all the charms of a fine and varied country, and at Iho 
same time all the accommo.lations "f a city ; and society at 
this place has many oriiauients.and isemlowed with all tlie 
advanUf'CS of wcallh, learning, and reflncment. Pop. <if t. 
in 1S4II, 2,96S, and in IbSO, 4,160. The village at the present 
time ClSO'i) is supposed lo have a population equal to that 
of the whole town in 1«U. 

YoEK county, 3Ie. Situate S. W., and contains S22 sq. m. 
Drained by Saco and Monsara rivers and their branches, 
and affluents of Piscalaqua r., which runs on its S. W. bor- 
der. Surface uneven and diversified, with numerous lakes, 
which add beauty to the scenery of the surroumling 
try ; soil in the interior is IVrtilo and pr.iducliv 
ing on the shore is rough and rocky, and until for culliva- 
tii°i. Staples, wheat, Indian corn, and ij.ilatoes. On the 
B. E., along the Atlantic shore, are excellent harbors, which 
afford good advaiitoges for navigation and the fisheries; 
there are also several light-houses. Farms 5,004; manuf. 
852; dwell. 10,564, and pop.— wh. 60,n», fr. col. 36— total 
60,101. CiqiiUd: Alfred. PuUio Worls: Portland, Saco, 
and Porusmouih P.. K. ; York and Cumberland P.. K., etc. 

ToEK countv, renn. Situate S. toward the JV.. and con- 
tains 831 sq. m. Drained by Conewago, Co.lorus, and Tel- 
low Breeches creeks, tributaries of Susquehatma r., which 
flows on its N. E. border. Surface uneven ; sod in most 
parts is very fertile, and producesin abundance wheat, grain, 
and potatoes : fine crops of tobacco are also raised. It has 
good timber and excellent pasturage f .r cattle. Live-stock 
an.i grain are exported annually. Farms 3,T84 ; maimf. 
533 ; dwell. 9,927, and pop.— wh. 56,324, fr. col. 1.126— total 
5-,.45li. C.qnUd: York. Puhli,: Works: York and Cum- 
berland U. i:. ; Baltnnore and Susquehanna P.. P.. ; Hanover 
Branch P.. R. ; York and Gettysburg E. K. ; Susquehanna 
and Tide- Water Canal. 

Y'oEii district, S. Cir. Situate N., and contains 731 sq. m. 
Drained by King's, Bullock's, Turkey, and Buffalo creeks, 
principal branches of Broad and Catawba rivers. Surface 
an extended plain, inclining on both sides a little to the 
Catawba and Broad rivers; soil fertile. Chief productions, 
cotton and In.lian corn. Farms 1,252 ; manuf. 30 ; dwell. 
2 190 and pop.-wh. 11,300, fr. col. 126, si. s,nii7-tol.al 19,*33. 
Cupit.il: Yorkville. PMic B'oife ; Charlotte and South 
Carolina P.. P.. ; King's Mountain K. I!., etc. 

YoEK county, Virg. Situate toward the S. E., occupying 
the midille portion of the peninsula between James and 
York rivers. II contains 132 sq. m. Drained by small 
streams which fiow into York r. and .lames r. Surface 
even and diversiflc.l ; soil fertile. Chief productions, wheat 
and In.lian corn. Farms 161 ; manuf. ; dwell. 442. and 
pop.-wh. 1,825, fr. col. 454, si. 2,lSl-tolal 4 ,460. Capihll : 
Torklown. , _, , 

Y'oEK, p. v., Fayette county, Ga. : SO miles W. N. W. of 
Milledgeville. 

Y-OEK, t. and p. o., tTnion CO., Ohio : 42 m. N. W. by N. 
Columbus. Drained by Bush and Boques creeks cf Sciota 
river. Pop. of t. in 1*40, 4!» ; in 1S50, S31. 

YoKK, p. v., 'n'alker co., Jin. : on E. side of Lost creek, 
110 m. N. W. by N. Montgomery. 

ToEK, t. and p. v., Dane co.. Wise. : 20 m. N. E. Madison. 
Aprojected railroad from Madison to Fond du Lac wiU pass 
through the v. Pop. <if t. 615. 

York, I., p. v., and port of entry, York co, 
B S W. Augusta. The U has a diversified surface and soil. 



, J/e. : 94 m 



YOR 

The v. on N. bank of York r. is regularly laid out, with 
slree'i-s crossing at right angles. Lai. 43° 10' N., long. 70° 40 
W. It was formerly the capital of tlic county. Its harbor 
ailmils vessels of 250 tons. The tonnage of this district on 
June 80th, 1860, was 1,361 tons, all of the class "enrolled 
and licensed," which was employed chiefly in the coasllng- 
lra<le, but |>arlly in the cod and mackerel fisheries. During 
the year previous, 2 vessels, 1 brig and 1 schooner, were 
built— 253 tons. Pol), of t 2,930. 

ToitK, p. v., Gibson CO., Intl. : 120 m. S. W. by S. Indian- 
apolis. The EvansvUle and Illinois U. P.. passes a little W. 
of this place. 

YoEK, p. v., Crawford co., //'. .• on W. side of Wabash 
river, 115 m. E. 8. E. Springfleld. It contains several stores 
and mills. Pop. about 500. 

York, t and p. o., Washtenaw co., MicJi. : 61 m. S. E. 
Lansing. Drained by small creeks of Kaisin river. Popu- 
lation 1,.360. 

YoKK, t. and p. v., Livingston co., iV. 1'. ; 220 ni. W. Al- 
bany. Drained by branches of Genesee river, which forms 
its E. boundary, and along which the Genesee "Valley Canal 
passes. Pop. of t. 2,7S5. 

York, p. b., and cap. York Co., Pmn. : 21 m. S. S. E. 
Ilarrisburg. Lat. 390 sj' N., long. 70° 40' W. It is regu- 
larly laid out, with streets crossing eai'h other at right angles. 
It contains several liandsonie county buildings, built of brick 
and stone, and 13 churches. There are two banks, with 
aggregate caiiilal of |S20,000. It carries on extensive man- 
iifactu'res, and has cmisiderable trade. The York and Cum- 
berland R. E., from Ilarrisburg 25 m., here connects with 
the Baltimore and Susquehanna K. E. hence to Baltimore, 
57 m.; and the Y'ork and Wrighuville Pv. P.. extends to 
Wrightsville, on Susquehanna r., connecting with Philadel- 
phia and Columbia E. E. Its newspajier press in 1850 con- 
sisteil of " Penn. Eepublicau" (whig), " People's Advocate" 
" Democratic Press," and the " Y'ork Gazette" (whig), print- 
ed both in the English and German languages; all issued 
weeklv. Pop. aliout 6,000. 

Y'oEk- river, York co., J/e. .■ in S. part of York t.. flowing 
E. into the Atlantic, which it enters by a broad month, af- 
fording for eight miles good harborage (or vessels of 200 tons. 
YoBK river, Viiv. : is formed at S. E. extremity of King 
William CO., by the confluence of Pamunkey and Matlapony 
rivers. It is about 30 in. long, and is navigable for large ves- 
sels. At Georgetown it is 1 ra. wide, aB'ording the best har- 
bor inVirginia. Below Georgetown its width increases grad- 
uallv until it enters Chesapeake bay, where it is 3 m. wide. 
YoEK Cestee, p. o., Du Page co.. III. .• 160 m. N. E. by N. 
Springfleld. 

YoEK Haven, p. v., York Co., Pfnri. : on S. W. bank of 
Susquehanna r., 12 ni. S. E. Ilarrisburg. Conewago cr. 
here enters the Susquehanna, and by its falls above affords 
good water-power. The York and Cumberland r.ailroad 
pas-ses through the place. 

Y'oEK NoETU KiDOE, p. 0., Saudusky co., Ohio : 94 m. N. 
Columbus. 

Yorkshire, t. and p. v., Cattaraugus co., K Y. : 2.50 m. 
W. Albany. Drained by Cattaraugus creek and branches. 
Surface of t. level ; soil fertile. The v., situate on S. side of 
Cattaraugus cr., conUins a church and several stores. Pop. 
of t. 2,010. 

York South P.idge, p. o., Sandusky co., Ohio: 92 m. N. 
Columbus. 

York SiiPinjE SpRtxGS, p. v., Adams co., Pmn. : 20 m. 
S. S. W. Ilarrisburg. These springs possess valuable medi- 
cinal properties, and are of much resort in summer Drom 
Pliiladelphia and Baltimore. 

YoEKTOw.-j, p. v. and sla., Delaware CO., Ind.: on Iho 
Indianapolis and Bellefonlainc K. P.., 43 m. N. E. flrom 
Indianapolis. The West fork of White r. flows near the T. 
and rccctves Buck cr.. each of which afford water-power, 
improved by large mills. Pop. about 800. 
YoEKiowN, L and p. o., West Chester CO., JV. T. : 94 m. 



95S 



TOR 



TUB 



8. Albany. Drained by Croton i'. and branches, from which, 
by means of a dam, 250 fiiel long, and 40 fyc-t high, istbrnied 
Croton Pond, which supplies New York city wiih water. 
Pop. of t. 2,273. 
YoRKTowN, p. o., Biyeau co., lU. : 120 ra. N. Springfield. 
YoKKTowN, p. v., De Witt county, Tex. : 84 m. S. by E. 
Aastin City. 

YoiiKTOwN, p. v., port of entry, and cap. York co., Virg. : 
on S. side of York river. 55 niilt-s E. S. E. Kichmond. 
Lat. 37^ 13' N. ; long. 76^ 34' W. It contains the county 
buildings and several stores. The tonnage of Yorktown 
district on June 30th, 1S50, was 4.S0T tons, all nf which was 
employed in the coasting trade. Yessels built during the 
year preceding, 2, schooners — 61 tons. Yorktown was in- 
corponited in 1705. Among its buildings are some of the 
oldest in Virginia. It is ever memonible in American 
history, as the place where Lord Comwallis surrendered to 
the American forces. October 19lh, 1781, which glorious 
event was the means of terminating the Revolutionary War. 
YoRKviLLE, p. v., Pickens co., Ala. : 134 m. N. W. by W. 
Montgomery. 

YoKKviLLE, p. v., Dearborn county, Ind.: 70 m. S. E. 
Indianapolis. 

YoKKVii-LE, p. v., Kalamazoo county, Mich. : 50 m. 
S. W. by W. Lansing. 

YoBKViLLF. p. v., and cap. York dist., S. Car. : on branch 
of Broad r., C3 m. N. by W. Columbia. It contains the 
county buildings, an academy.and 3 churches. The King's 
Mountain K. E. extends hence to Chester, 22 miles. The 
*' Y. Miscellany" (democrat) is issued weekly. Population 
about S50. 

YoRKviLLE. p. v., Gibson county, Te7m. : on a branch of 
Obion r., 1-23 m. W. Nashville. 

YoKKViLLE, t. jukI p. V., Eacinc CO., Wise. : 7S m. E. S. E. 
Madison. Drained by Des Plaines r. Surface undulating ; 
soil fertile. The v. Is pleasantly situated and neatly builL 
Pop. of t. 998. 

Yoi'.Kvii.LE, p. v.. New York co., y. Y. : on the ITarlem 
E. E., 5 m. N. N. E. City Hall, New York. Thig flourish- 
ing suburb, properly a part of Jhe city, is on the 3d and 4tli 
avenues, between S'lth and lOUth streets. In common with 
al! other parts of New York island, the increase of the pop- 
ulation, and the erection of new buildings are rapidly 
Advancing. It contains several churches, and numerous 
manufactures. It is in the 12lh ward of the city. 

YoL'Gii Glades, p. o., Alleghany co., J/(/. ; on N. side of 
Beep cr., near its junction with Youghiogheny r., 151 m. 
W. by N. Annapolis. 

Youghiogheny river, Md. and Penri. : is formed in the 
TV. part of Alleghany co., Md., by the confluence of several 
creeks, flows N. and N. W., and empties into Monongaheta 
river, IS m. S. E. Pittsburg. It is navigable to the Ohio- 
pyle Falls, 30 m. from its mouth, where it has a perpendicular 
descent of 20 feet, which in high water presents a very in- 
teresting appearance. 

Young, p. o., M'Donougb county, III. : 86 miles N. W. 
Springflfld. 

Young Cane, p. o., Union county, Ga. : 142 m. N. N. W. 
Milled gevi lie. 

Younger's, p. 0., Boone county, Mo. : 33 m. N. Jeflerson 
City. 

Young nioKOP-T, p. o.. Will county. III. : 143 m. N. E. 
Springfield. 

Young IIickoey, p. o., Muskingum co., Ohio: 54 m. E. 
Columbus. 

Young Hickokt, p. o., Washington county, Wise : 68 m. 
E. N. E. Madison. 

Yocng'b Cross Koads, p. o., Granville co., A^. Car. : 5S m. 
N. Raleigh. 

Young's Point, p. o., Madison parish, La. : 125 m. N. 
Baton Eouge. 

Young's Settlement, p. c, Bastrop county, Tex. : 29 m. 
E. 8. E. Austin City. 
954 



Young's Store, p. o., Laurens district, S. Car.: 72 m. 
N. W. by W. Culumbia. 

YouNGSTowN. p. V. and port of delivery, Niagara county, 
A'. )'. ; on E. side of Niagara r., near its enlrance into Lake 
Ontario, 276 m. W. by N. Albany. It is a laiidiiig-place for 
passengers to and from the lakes, and communication is 
had Willi Newark v., Canada, by means of a fL-rrv fur some 
time established here. It is a place of much historical 
interest as connected with the late war with the British. In 
the vicinity is Fort Niagara, celebrated in the French war; 
and opposite, in Canada, is Fort George. Population 
about 550. 

YouNGBTowN, t. and p. v., Mahoning co., Ohio: 138 m. 
N. E. by E. Columbus. Drained by Mahoning river and 
branches. Surface oft. nearly level; soil fertile. The v. 
is situate on the N. side of the r., on the Pennsylvania and 
Ohio Canal, and has considerable trade. Pop. of t. 3,002. 

YouNGSTowN, p. b., Westmi>reland co., Penn.: between 
head branches of Loyalhanna r., 127 m. W. Harrisburg. 
It is pleasantly situated, and contains several stores, mills, 
etc. Pop. about 600. 

YouNGsviLLE, p. v., Tallapoosa co., Ala. : 43 m. N. N. E. 
Montgomery. 

YouNGSViLLE, p. o., SuUivan co., A^. K ; 84 m. S. W. 
Albany. 

YouNGSviLLE, p. V., Warrcu county, Penn. : on Broken 
Straw cr., about 3 m. from its mouth, 167 m. N. W. by W. 
Harrisburg. It lies in the midst of a fcriile and highly cul- 
tivated country, and is on the line of the pn'jecled Sunbury 
and Erie E. E. The ' Youngsville Express" (independent) 
is issued weekly. Pop. about 400. 

Youngsville, p. o., Adams county, OJiio : 85 m. S. by W. 
Columbus. ' 

Young Womanstown, p. v., Clinton co., Penn. : on N. 
side of W. branch of Susquehanna r., 85 m. N. W. by N. 
Harrisburg. 

YouNTSviLLE, p. v., Montgomery county, Ind.: 45 m. 
W. N. W. Indianajiolis. 

Ypsilanti, t., p. v., and sta., Washtenaw co., Mich. : 60 ra. 
S. E. Lansing. Tho v. is pleasantly situated on both sides 
of Huron r., which here affords excellent water-power, im- 
proveil by numerous mills and manufactories. In 1S50, it 
contained 4 flouring-mills, the value of the annual product 
of which was $165,000 ; and 2 saw-mills, with annual 
product of .111,878. The v. also contains a Slate normal 
school, a branch of tho State university, and 5 churches. 
The Michigan Central E. E. passes through, 30 m. from 
Detroit, 243 m. from Chicago. The "Y. Chronicle" (whig) 
and "Y. Senliner are issued weekly. Pop. of v. about 
2,000; of t. 3,1)52. 

YuABor Juab county, Vlah. Lies between Tooele and 
Millard counties, and extends from San Pete co. to the 
California line. It is chiefly a barren wilderness, crossed 
by mountain ranges, with some fertile spots near the water 
courses. There are several small lakes in the co. which 
receive the streams, but have no outlets, Nicollet r. and 
lake are the largest. Yuab was formerly a part of San 
Pete CO. Capital: Nephi City. 

Yuba, p. o., Hancock county, III.: 90 m. W. N. W, 
Springfield. 

YuHA river, Calif.: is formed in Yuba co. by the con- 
fluence of three head furks, and flows W. S. W. to its 
entrance m\f> Feallu-r r. The gold diggings on Yuba r. and 
its branches have been among the most profitable in the 
State. 

Yuba City, p. v., Sutter county, Calif. : on W. bank of 
Feather r., opposite mouth of Yuba r., 96 m. N. N. E. 
Yallejo. 

Yuba county, Calif. In the country on Yuba river. 
Drained by Bear river, Dry creek, Yuba river, on which are 
the principal mining npcrations, Indiana creek. CIark*s run. 
Deer creek, Middle Yuba, Caflon creek, Slate creek, etc., 
on all of which gold is found in abundance. Many of these 



ZAB 



ZOL 



streams have ti>'<'ii iiirru'il by canalliiiij. Tho liiglie?l 
peak of thy nu»uiil;iiiis — Oreiron Hill, risi-s 2,800 feet 
high. Farm lan-is luuler ciillivaiii>ii in 1S52, T,tiitS acres. 
The county contains IS ssiw-mills, proilm-ing; annnaliy 
9.050,000 foet tinil)er, and one flunr-tniil. Cai>ilal em- 
ployed in quartz mining $12 1.400, in placer mining 
$710,900. in river mining $1.0S7,150, and in merchandise 
and trade :M.93y,0oO. Whi-le capital, exclusive »if real 
estate, $4,.'J7o,500. Pop. in 18.V2. 22.005: viz., whites 17,299— 
males 16.066, and females 6^55 ; negrt)e3 194 — males 1S2, and 
females 12 ; nmhttloea, 45 males; domesticated Indians 120; 
foreign residents 3.055— males 2,S09, and females 24G; 
Chinamen 2,100. Over 21 years of age— citizens 15.245, 
negroes 170, nuilattoea 45, Indians 102, foreign residents 
2,S46. The principal towns and settlemt-nls are—Marysville, 
pop. 4.50it; OusIe\'s Bar, pop. :39o; Ki-nnebec. pop. 120; 
Long's Bar, pop. 450; Park's Bar, etc. Nevada county lias 
been taken fn:)m Yuba. Capital: Marysville. Public 
Works: Benecia and Marysville K, R. (jirojected). 



ZABP.iSKt. p. v.. De "Witt CO., ///. .- 47 m. N. E. Spring- 
field. Tlie Illinois Central R. R. will pass through it. 

Zachaky, p. o,, Marshall county, Ala^: on N. W. side of 
Tennessee r., 146 m. N. Monlgomerj'. 

Zaokville, p. v., Wirt co., Virg. : 232 m. W. N. W. of 
EiehmomJ* 

Zanesfielp, p. v., Logan co., Ohio : 4;3 m. N. W. by "W. 
Columbus. Laid out on October 11th, 1S19. Population 
about 250. 

Zanesville, p. v., Montgomery county, HI. : 32 m. S. of 
Springtield. 

ZA^'E5^^I.LE, p. v., and cap. Muskingum co., Ohio : on E. 
bank of Muskiuirum r., oppnsite the mouth of Licking r, 
5t m. E. Columbus. This flourishing v. has experienced a 
rapid growth, and is one of the most thriving places iu the 
Stale. The Muskingum r. in passing the t. has a natural 
descent of 9 feel in IJ miles, which, by means of a dam. is 
increased to 16 feet, thus affording efficient water-power. 
The manulactories improving this great privilege are of all 
kinds, and many of them are extensive. The number of 
factorit-s using steam-power is also large, arising mainly 
from the abundance of bituminous coal supplied from the 
surrounding hills. The Muskingum has been made navi- 
gable for steamboats to Pri'sden, 15 miles above, where a 
navigable side-cut. 2| m. long, connects with the Ohio Canal, 
thus affording to Zanesville the advantages of direct con- 
nection wiih the great canals of the Stale. Steamboats ply 
regularly from this place t() Pittsburg and Cincinnati. The 
lines of railroad passing through Zanesville are, Central 
Ohio R. R., now completed from Columbus to this village, 
59 m., and in construction to Wheeling; Cincinnati, AVil- 
mington. and Zani-svilk- R, l;.,125 m.. in con^ilruction ; and 
the Cleveland, Zanesville, and Cincinnati R. R., f<.irmer!y 
Akron Branch R. R., which will be completed in ls,'>4. The 
village contains very handsome county buildings, 3 hanks, 
and 14 churches. The general interests of education are 
well provided for in excellent public sehofils and munerous 
private academies. Among the former are 2 high schools, 
one for males and one for females, which are of high repute, 



and among the latter is an academy liberally established 
and endowed by the late John M'Intire, the founder of 
Zanesville. The citizens have an enviable reputation for 
general intelligence, as well as f<>r business enterprise. A 
popular Athemeum, having a library of 10,000 volumes, with 
reading-room, etc., and annual lectures, is well sustained. 
The newspapers here published in 1^50 were, "Zanesville 
Courier" (whis), issuing daily, tri-weekly, and weekly edi- 
tions. "Z. Gazi-lte" (neut.), and "Z. .\urora" («lem.). each 
issued weekly: " Clarion of Freedom" (free soil). "Western 
Recorder" (Melh.), "Family Quarto" (Presby.); besides 
which, the " Annual Rfgister" is a regular publication. 
The V. is abundantly supplieil with water, which is raised 
from the Muskingum by a powerful fon-ing-puinp. into a 
reservoir on a hill 160 feet high, and containing 750,000 
gallons, an<l is ihence disiril>uted thrnngh the vilhige in iron 
pipes. Bridges connect the v. with Putnam, South Zanes- 
ville. and West Zanesville, which are intimately connected 
Willi the business interests of Zanesville. Pop. of v. in 
1S40, 4.7G6; in 1S50, 7.791. 

Zavalla, p. v., Jasper co., Tex,: on E. side of AngeHna 
river, 220 m. E. by N. Austin City. 

Zebulon, p. v., and caj). Pike co., A rl: : 90 m. W. S. W. 
Little Rock. It contains the eoxmty buildings and several 
stores. Pop. about 150. 

Zebulon, p. v., and cap. Pike co., Ga. : 6S m. W. Mil- 
ledgeville. It contains the county buildings.3 churches, au 
academy, several stores, etc. Pop. about 300. 

Zelienople, p. v.. Butler co., /'i-nn.: on S. side of Cone- 
qiiennessiiig cr.. 164 m. W. by N. Uarrisburg. It is a pleas- 
ant v., containing several mills and stores. Pop. about 300. 
Zk.nas. p. v., Jennimrs county, /mi.: on Vernon fork of 
Drijsilla r., 55 m. S. S. E. Indianapolis. 
Zf..vo, p. o., York dist., iS. Oir\: 66 m. N. Columbia. 
Zi>LMEKMAN, p. o., Gfeeno CO., Ohio: 52 m. S. W. by W. 
Columbus. 

Zn>N. p. v.. Centre co., Penn.: 65 m. N. W. Harrisburg. 
In the vicinity is a liot-blasl charcoal furnace, with annua! 
capacity of 1,400 tons; also a rolling-mill making plate and 
sheet iron, employing 16 men. 

Zios, p. o., Iredell county, N, Car. : 120 miles W. by N. 
Raleigh. 
ZioN. p. 0., Cecil CO., Md. : 52 m. N. E. AnnapolLs. 
ZioN, p. 0., Grant co., Intf. : 55 ra. N. N. E. Indianapolis. 
Ziox Hill, p. o., Hamilton county, Teiin.: 108 m. S. E. 
Na.shville. 

ZioN Semtnaf.t, p. o.. Covington co., Mi.fs. : on E. side 
of Bowie cr., 65 m. S. E. Jackson. 

ZioNsviLLE, p. o., Lehigh co., Peiin. : 70 m. E. N. E. of 
Harrisburg. 
ZoAR. p. o., Erie co., N. T. : 267 m. W. Albany. 
ZoAR. p. v., Tuscarawas co., Ohio: on E. bank of Tusca- 
rawas r., 90 m. E. N. E. Colnnibns. Settled by a German 
communist colony, called Separatists, underthe government 
of a patriarch. Their farms and gardens are well cultivated, 
and the general appearance of the village betokens indus- 
try and virtue. Pop. 249. 

ZoAit Bridge, p. v., New Haven co., CoJin. : 46 m. S. S.W. 
Hartford. 

ZoLLEitsviLLE, p. o.j Washington co., Perm. : 166 m. W. 
Harrisburg. 

955 



APPENDIX TO FISHER'S STATISTICAL GAZETTEER. 



RAILROADS OF THE UNITED STATES, 1853. 



Alabama : 

Alabama and Florida 

Alabama and Mississippi 

Alabama and Tenru-ssce Iliver 

Cnlumbus and Opp.lika 

Fort Gaines and Penaacola 

Girard and Mnliile 

Memphis and Charleston 

Mobile and Ohio 

Monlsromery and West Point 

Nashville and Florence 

Kome and Jacksonville 

"Winchester and Alabama 

Arkansas: 

Helena and Little Rock 

Little Rock and Texas 

Little Rock and Fort Smith 

White River Valley 

California : 

Benicia and Marysville 

Oro City and Bear River 

Pacific and Atlantic 

CoNNEf"ricuT: 

Collinsville Branch 

Danbury and Norwalk 

Hartford, Providence, and Fishkill . 

Housatfmic 

WiiidK-town Branch 

Naugatiu-k 

New Haven, Hartford, and Springfield 

New Haven and Northampton. . . 

Now Haven and New Lorulun . . 

N. London, Willimantic, and Palmer 

New York and Boston ( air line) 

New York ami New Haven 

Norwich and Worcester 

Plainfield 

New London and Stonington 

Delaware: 

Delaware Central 

Newcastle and Frenchtown 

Newcastle ami Wilmington 

Philad., Wilmington, and Baltimore. 
Florida: 

Atlantic and Gulf Central 

Brunswick and Florida 

St. Joseph's 

St. Mark's and Penaacola 

Georgia: 

Athens Branch 

Brunswick and Florida 

Burke County 

Butler Branch of South-western 

Central 

Eatonton 

East Tennessee and Georgia 

Georgia 

La Grange 

Macon and Western 

Miiledgeville and Gordon 

Muscogee 

Kome 

Kome and Jacksonville 

Savannah and Albany 

Souih-western 

Warrenton Branch 

Western and Atlantic 

Wilkes County 

Illinois : 

Alton. Mount Carmel,and N. Albany 

Aurora Branch 

956 



Cfitn- 

pleied. 



Pro- 
gress 'g. 



21 
21 
191 



i:i 

59 
101 
17 

50 
20 



50 

4 

140 



143 
80 



129 
50 



28 



59 



Lerigtb 



164 

118 

1S2 

30 

73 

227 

2"4 

S3 

8S 

19 

42 

21 

112 
158 
12T 
116 



11 
24 
146 
74 
10 
57 
62 
56 
50 
66 
78 
76 
66 
33 
10 

43 

16 

6 

22 



126 
28 
26 

40 
164 

51 

21 
191 

20 

171 
87 

101 
17 
50 
20 
42 

203 

1119 
4 

140 
18 

182 
13 



Illinois — Continued : 

Aurora Extension 

Belle\'illc and Ulinoistown 

Beloit Branch 

Central Hlinois 

C!entral Military Tract 

Chicago and Milwaukie 

Ch icago and M issis^ippi 

Chicago and Rock Island 

Chicago and Savannah Junction.. 

Fox River Valley 

Galena and Chicago Union 

Great Western Central 

I!lin"i3 an<l Wiscrtnsin 

Missii^sippi and .Vilantic 

Mississippi Junction 

Northern Cross 

O'Falion's Coal BlntT 

Ohio and Mississippi 

Peoria and Oqaawka 

Peoria and Warsaw 

Rockford and Rock Island 

Sansamnn and Massac 

Savannah Branch 

St. Charles Branch 

Terro Haute and Alton 

Western Branch, G. and Ch. Union 
Indiana: 

Auburn and Eel River 

Central Indiana 

Cincinnati and SL Louis 

Evansville and Illinois 

Evansville, Indianapolis, & Cleveland 

Fort Wayne and Chicago 

Fort Wayne and Lafayette 

Fort Wayne and Mississippi (air line) 

Fort Wayne and Southern 

Fort Wayne, Union, and Cincinnati. 

Goshen Branch 

Indianapolis and Bellefontaine . . 

Indianapolis and Springfield 

Jeffersonville 

Junction 

Lafayette and Indianapolis 

Lawreneebnrg and Upper Mississippi 

Logansport and Chicago 

Madison and Indianapolis 

Martinsville 

Michigan City Branch 

New Albany and Salem, etc 

Newcastle and Richmond 

Northern Iniiiana 

Ohio and Indiana 

Ohio and Mississippi 

Peru and Indian.ipnlis 

ShelbvvilK' an^i Kniirhtstown 

Shelhyvillc Lrilrr:il.: 

Shelbyville and Rushville 

Terre' Haute and Richmond 

Wabash Valley 

Iowa: 

Dubuque and Keokuk 

Lyons, Iowa City, and Council Bluff 

St. Louis and Northern 

Kenti'cky: 

Covington and Lexington 

Covington and Louisville 

Knoxvitle and Cin<innati 

Lexington and Big Sandy 

Lexington and Danville 

Lexington and FrankXort 



Com 
pleted 



Pro- 
greas'g. 



86 

14 

20 

699 

92 
1S5 
97 

32 
34 



147 
S6 



33 



78 
84 



SO 
89 



APPENDIX.— RAILROADS. 



Nam™. 


r<.ni- 
pletcd. 


Pro 


T.ittI 
Lerigtii. 


Names. 


Cmn 
pleled. 




Total 
Length. 


Kentucky— Cimtinwd : 
Louisville. Clarkesville, and Memphis 


m. 

Co 

24 

2T 

6 

6 

26 

20 
6.5 
149 

13 

9 
8 
13 
12 

9 

m 

51 

13 

21 
330 
6T 

8 

66 
81 
17 

211 
25 

26 



74 
» 
41 
12 
45 
24 
27 
2 
13 

54 
60 
3 

33 
20 
20 
1 
42 
61 
17 
11 


m. 

91 

67 

39 

130 

61 

32 
13 

z 

17 

66 

8 
35 


m. 

102 
ISO 
65 
91 
67 
89 
130 

24 

27 

6 

6 

Bl 

213 

207 

26 

52 
65 
149 
IS 
33 
13 
75 

9 

3 
30 
12 

7 
96 
18 

9 
16 
60 
20 
66 
51 

8 
63 
83 
60 
20 

21 
330 
57 

3 

66 
31 
17 

43 
25 

26 
2 
74 
9 
41 
12 
45 
24 
27 
2 
12 

.54 
50 
3 

83 

20 

20 

1 

42 
51 
17 
14 


M&.s.°.\rnvBETis~Contin.ued : 
Grnnii Junciion ami Depdl Company 
H:inf.iri] and Nt^w Havi-n 


G 
6 
3 
7 
12 

4 
15 

20 
1 
IG 
6G 
26 
59 
37 
8 
U 
19 

44 
17 
9 

S 
23 
11 
22 
13 

4 
11 

1 

69 
13 

155 
8 
46 

4 
25 

35 
22S 
131 

10 

7 
2S 
60 

40 

51 
24 
34 
71 
13 
43 
29 
85 
25 
14 
16 
3 
13 
20 
26 
69 
47 
26 

15 
7 


ID. 

43 

ISM 

273 
100 

240 

3S 
26 


m. 

6 

6 




Miivaville and Big Sandy 


LrxiniTtnn urul West Cambridge 


7 
12 


Maysville and Lexington ■. 


Mnbilc and Ohio 












LocisiAN.1: 




15 






20 
1 










Nashville and New Orl.-ans 

New ( Irleans ami Carrollon 


Nt'W London, Williraantic, & Palmt-r 


66 


N. Orleans, .laekson, A; Gt Norlhem 




59 


N. Orleans. <1pelims.n9, iGt. 'Western 


Old Colony 
















Maink: 
Andrftscngsin 


Pittsfield and North Adams 


19 


Androscoggin and Kennebec 


Providence and \Vt)reesler 

Sait-inand Lowell 


44 


Bangor and Milford (Penobscot) 

Belfast and Waterville 




9 


Sonrlihndj:.' and Elaokstoue 




Bangor and Piscataqnis 


3 










Boston and Maine 


Stockbridt;e and Piltsfleld 


22 


BilcUfield Braneh 




13 






Damariscotta 




11 


European and North Atneriean 

Great Falls and South Berwick . 




1 


Troy and Gn-enfltdd 


43 


Franklin 


Vermont and Massacliusells 


Newport and Dexter 


3 




Ware River 
















Portland. Saco, and Portsmouth . . 




46 


Sebago BVaiieh 


MioniGAN ; 














Sacip Valley 


I>etrnit, Monroe, and Toledo 






85 














Baltimore and Ohio 






Baltimore and Susquehanna 

Cumberland Coal Company's 




10 


Mississippi : 




Mississippi Central 

Mobile and Ohio 

New Orleans, Jackson, and Norlhern 
Nrw Orleans and Nashville 


2fiO 




273 


Frederick Branch 


100 


Metropolitan 


231) 




7 

23 
60 


Newcastle and Frenchtown 

Philadel.. Wilmington, and Baltimore 
Washinglon Branch 


St. Francis and Woodville 

Vieksburij, Jackson, and lirandon . . 
MiRSouBi: 






MABSAriuiSETTS : 


Hannibal and 8U Joseph's 


210 
70 

260 
230 


Amherst and Belchertown 


Lexington and Daviess County 


Boston. Barro. an<l Gardner 




Boston and Lowell 


Piatle County 


Branches 


South-western 

Nkw ir\MPSTintB: 


300 


Boston and Maine 




Branches 


51 

24 
34 




Aj-hueLit . 








IJosion. Conenrd, and Montreal 








Cheshire 


43 

23 


Branches 


Cncheoo 


Charles River Branch 


Concord 


35 






Cheshire 


t.'ontoncook Valley 


14 


Connecticut Uiver 


Kastern 


15 














Eastern 


Manchester and Lawrence 


25 




26 








Branch 




47 


Fall Kiver 


Sullivan 


26 






*'5 


Branches 


Wilton 


15 


Fitehburg and Worcester 


"Worcester and Kaahua 


T 



»T 



APPENDIX.— KATLKOADS 



New jKF.sKt : 

Uelvidcrt' Delaware , 

Burlington nn.i Mount Holly , 

('ani'ien ami Amhoy , 

Camileu anM Amlmy Branch , 

Cam.Ien an«l Atlantic 

Camden and (.'ape May 

Fleminglon Branch 

Morris and Kssl'X 

New Jersey 

New .Jersey Central 

Trenton Branch 

tTiii(»n 

Woodbury Branch 

Nkw Yokk : 

Albany Northern 

Albany and I'laiislMirt: 

Albany and tfii'Kiiii-liatiiia 

Albanv and ScIt tucNKly 

Albany and Wl-sL Stnckbridge 

Attica and Alli-gliauy Valley 

Batavia Branch 

Buffalo and Alleghany ValU-y 

Buffalo. Corning, and New TTork .. 

Buffalo and New Yurk City 

Buffalo and Niagara Falls 

Buffalo and Lockport 

Buffalo and Slate Line 

Buffalo and Ko^-hester 

Buffalo and Black Rock 

Canaiidaisua and Elinira 

Canandaigua and Niagara Falls .. . 

Cayuga and Susfjuehanna 

Corning and Hlossburg 

Erie and New York City 

Genesee Valley 

Hamburg and Erie 

Hartford', Providence, and Fishkill . 

Hempstead Branch 

Hudson River 

Hudson and Berkshire 

•Lake Ontario, Auburn, and Ithaca. . 

Lebanon Springs 

Lewiston 

Loiii: IsUiTid 

Moliiiwk Vall.-y 

Moiiinal :itid PlatLsburg 

Newburg Itraneh 

New York and New Haven 

New York and Erie 

New York jind Harlem 

New York and Western 

Northern (Ogdt-nsburg) 

Oswego and Syracuse 

Plaltsimrg and Whitehall 

Potsdam and Walertown 

Rensselaer and Saratoga 

Rochester. Lockport, & Niagara Falls 

Eoihester and Lake Ontario .... 

Rochester and Honeoye Falls .... 

Rochester au'l Syracuse (direct) . 

Rochester and Syracuse 

Richland and Washington 

Sacketl's Harbor and Ellisburg.. . 

Saratoga and Sacketl's Harbor. . . 

Saratoga liranch 

Saratoga and Schenectady 

Saratoga and Washingloa 

Schenectady ami Troy 

Skaneateles' and Jordan 

Sodns Point and Southern 

Syracuse and Binghampton 

Syracuse and Ulica 

Troy and rtVi-enbush 

Troy and Boston 

Ulica and Black River 

TJtica and Schenectady 

Ulica and Uiiishampton 

WattTlown and Rome 

WlUianisport and Elmira 

Noiiiii Cakoi.ina : 

Allauti.- and North Carolina 

Charloiii! and Sotiih Carolina.... 

Gaston and RnMgh 

Greenville and Roanoke 

North Carolina 

Roanoke Valley 

Seaboard and Uuanoke 

»3 



Com 
pletcd 



2 
144 
84 



19 

IT 

445 

130 

118 
35 



SO 
104 
60 



Pm- 

gress'g, 



163 



73 



Total 
Lengtii 



21 
228 



158 
17 
SS 
74 
II 
SO 

133 
91 
22 
20 
69 
6S 
8 
67 
92 
83 
14 
42 
85 
60 



144 
34 
80 
50 
8 
95 
78 

19 

17 

446 

VW 

813 

lis 

85 

75 

82 

76 

8 

80 

104 

60 

IS 

18 
22 
63 
20 
5 
S5 
76 
58 



87 
21 
223 
32 



Com 

pleu?d. 



XdRTn Cakoltna — Cojitiinted : 

Wiliiiitietnn Jinrl Wcldon 

Witiniiigloii anil Maucliester . . 

*lnio: 

IJainliri'tlie Branch 

Bellclbntaine and Indiana 118 

Carrnlion Branch 

C'.-nlral Ohio E9 

Cincinnati and Daylon 

Cincinnati. Hamilton, and Daylon... 60 
Cincinnati, Cleveland, and Cniuinl)iis 135 
Cinciiui.-ili. lIillsboro*,&Parkerst>urff 37 
('inciiiiiali A\'r9lern ' 

Cuicinnaii.'Wilniinjrion. tt Zanesvill 

Cleveland and Mahiinint: 

Cleveland. Medina, and Tuscarawas 
Cleveland. Paimsville, & Ashtatuila 71 
Cleveland. Zanesville. and Cincinnati 28 

Cleveland and Pittsburg 100 

Ciint'in Line 

Ciiliiniliiis and Lake Erie 60 

ColnniLiiis and Parkersburg. 

Ciilunibns ami Xenia 55 

Colurnbus, Piqiia. and Indiana.. 

Daylon and Mi<'Iiisan 

Daylon and Western 

Dayton and Rpringfield 

Dayton and Xenia 

Krie and Kalamazoo 

Findlay Branch 

Franklin and Warren 

Greenville and .Miami 87 

Hamilton and Kalon 44 

Hanover Branch 13 

Iron 13 

Junction 

Little Miami 84 

Mad I'.iver and Lake Erie 184 

Man,sHeld an<l Sandusky 56 

Marieita and Cincinnati 

Newark and Mansfield 

Ohio and Indiana 

Otiio and Pennsylvania 1ST 

Ohio and Mississippi 

Poinerny Branch 

PitisbtirfT. Maysville. and Cincinnati 

Scioto and Hocking Valley 

Sprin^llehi. Mt. \'emon. & Pittsburg 

Steubernille and Indiana 

Sprinirfleld and London 

Sprin^lield and Xenia 20 

Tol.do. Xorwalk. and Cleveland 87 

T..|.doaTul St. Lcmis 

Twin Creek 

Wellsville and Wheeling 

Pennsylvania : 

Alieghanv Pf)rtage 

Allei-liany Valley 

Ballimnre and Susquehanna 

Beaver Meadow and Branches 8S 

Blairsville Branch 

Carliondale and Hr)nesdale 24 

Catawi9s.a. Willianisport, and Erie 

Chartiers Vatley 

Chestnut Hill and Doyleslown 16 

Chester Valley 10 

Columbia Branch IS 

Cornwall and Pine Grove 

Cumberland Valley 56 

Danville and Pottsville 44 

Danville and Shainokin 

Dauphin and Susquehanna 

Delaware. Letiigh. .k Wyom. Vallev 

Erie and North-east ". 19 

Franklin Canal 26 

Frankli 22 

Germiintown Branch 6 

Gettysburg 

Harrisburg and Liineasler 88 

Hazellon and Lehigh 10 

lleinpfleld 

llolliil.'iysliurg Branch 

Hunliugton and Broad Top Mountain 

Laekawanua and Western 50 

Lel)anon Valley 

Lehigh and Susquehanna 20 

Lewislturg. C -ntre, and Spruce Creek 
Little Sehuylkill 26 



Pro- 

gress'g. 



Total 
Lenglb. 



13T 
126 



102 
141 



15 
106 



105 
112 
149 
19 



82 



9 

118 

20 

141 

52 

60 

185 

174 

75 

126 

102 

180 

71 

114 

100 

60 

55 

102 
141 
86 
24 
15 

16 

106 
87 
44 
13 
27 

110 
84 

134 
66 

237 
61 

132 

187 



125 
112 
149 
19 
20 
87 

20 
83 



8 
24 
90 
89 
15 
28 
18 
2T 
66 
44 
20 
16 

19 
26 
22 
6 
41 
88 
10 



50 
66 
40 

2I 



APPENDIX— RAILROADS. 



Pennsylvania — CmiUnued : 

Little Schuylkill and Susqiielinnn.i 

Lykens Valley 

Maltnnny an<l Wiseonipoo 

MaUL'h Chmik and Summit Hill . . 

Mill Creek 

Mine Hill 

Mount Carbon 

NesqUfhonina 

N"rri!*to\vn, Doyleston, & Xew Hope 

Korrislown and Freeniansburg ... . 

Octarara 

IV'imsylvania 

Pennsylvania Coal Company's 

PlKPni.xville atui Cornwall 

Philadelpliia Ollv 

Philadelpliia. F.iBton. and Water Ga] 

Philadelphia anil Columbia 

Philadelphia and Ueadins 

Philad.. (Jermantovvn. it Norrislown 

Philadelpliia and Trenton 

Philadelphia and Weatohcster. . . 

Philadel., Wilmington, & Baltimore 

Pine Grove 

Pittsburg and CnnnellsviUe 

Pittsburg and Krie 

PilUburg and Steubenville 

Koom Run 

Schuylkill 

Sehuylliill Valley and Branch . . . 

Slrjis'bnrg 

Sunhury and Krie 

Sutduiry and Pnttsville 

Sunbury and Shamokin 

Su.squehauna 

Tioga 

Trevorton and Mahonnv 

Valley 

Westrhester and Philadelphia .. . 

■\Vliite Haven and Wilkesbarre . . 

■\Villiainspi.rt and KImira 

York and Cntnberlatid 

York an.l Wrigblsvdle 

UnopK I^^land: 

New York and Roslon (air line) , 

Provitience atid Plainfield 

Providence and Slonington 

Providence and Worcester 

SofTii Cakolina : 

Abbeville iiram-h 

Anderson Branch 

Camden Branch 

Charlotte and South Carolina ... 

Clicraw and Darlington 

Columbia liranch 

Greenville and Columbia 

King's Mountain 

Laurens 

North-eastern 

Kabnn Gap or Blue Ridge 

South t'arolina 

tlnion and Spartanburg. 
Wiluiingtou and Manchester ... 
TENNt:.s'^EB: 

Bowling Green and Tennessee . 
Challanooga, Harrison, & Charleston 

Cleveland and Chattanooga 

Ktust Tennessee and Georgia ... 
Kast Tenni'.ssee and Virginia . . . 

Kdg.-fiidd and Kentucky 

Knoxville and Danville 

M'Miiuiville and Manchester... 
Memphis and Charleston 



C.itn- 
(ileted. 



G7 

lU 

32 

15 



137 
115 



Total 
Leiwtli 



141 

■a 



16 

Ilia 



114 

ifi 

17 
8 
9 

12 
7 
5 

2S 

m 

257 

47 

56 

6 



!i:i 
17 
311 

9 
•2(1 

4 

141 

42 

6 

13 

25 

7 

24n 
40 
211 
hi 
2li 
15 
20 
26 
20 
77 
25 
13 



60 
18 

II 
12 
37 

109 
40 
67 

140 
32 
81 

103 
SS 

137 



.30 
110 
122 

140 
30 
91 



Tolal : 



MolHle and Ohio 

NiLshville imd Chattanooga 

Nashville and Cincinnati 

Nasbville and Henderson 

Nashville and Mem()his 

Na^lniileand Mississippi 

Nashville and New Orleans 

South-western 

Western and Atlantic 

Winchester and Alabama 

Te:cas: 

Brownsville and Tlio Grande 

Galvestfin and Houston 

Gidveston and Uerl Kiver 

Harri-iburir and Brazos 

Houslon and .\uslin 

Houston and ICed Itiver 

San Antonio and Gulf 

Vf.hmost : 

BeiMiinglon Branch 

Hrallleboro' Branch 

Burlington Branch 

t'oniieclicut and Passumpsic Rivers 

Butland and Burlington 

I'viitland and Wasliington 

Troy and liulland 

Vermont ant! Canada 

Vertn(Uit Central 

Vermont Valley 

West(Tn Vermont 

ViRciNiA : 

Alexandria, Loudon, and Hampshire 

A pp< imattox 

Italtimore and Ohio 

Blue Uidie 

IMu-9lerlield 

Clover Hill 

Covington and Ohio 

("Jreeuville and Koanoke 

I ieep Kini 

Hempflel.l 

Manassas Gap 

Morganlown and Independence .... 

Norili-western 

OnitiL'e and Alexandria 

Port Walthall Branch 

T'eterstinrg 

I'iiisburg and Steubenville 

Bichinond atid Danville 

liiehrnond. Fn-di-rick, and Potomac. 

Fvicbmond and I'etersliurg 

Seaboard and Boanoke 

South Side 

Tnckahrje and .Tames River Branch 

Virginia Central 

Virginia and Tennessee 

Warrenlon Branch 

Winchester and Potomac 

Wati-rr..rd and Poiid of Kocks 

Wilhauisport and North-western 

Wisconsin: 

Bcloit and Madison 

<i'nlr;d Wisconsin 

Ctiii'a:ro, Milwaukie. & Fond du Lac 

Fotiil "In Lac and Rr)ck River Valley 

I'ox Uiver Valley 

La t'rosse 

.Mailison an<i Portage City 

.Milu'ankii' and Mississippi 

Mineral Point 

Racine, -TaneaviUe, and Mississippi . . 



105 



119 
46 



T 

Gl 

119 

12 

38 
114 
24 
53 



10 
91 



12 
15 



22 
.SO 
63 
5 
107 
60 
20 
32 



3S 



83 
142 



70 



120 
82 
91 



119 
151 



120 
143 
100 



53 



6 

18 

T 

114 

119 

1'2 

83 
119 
24 
53 



10 
91 
18 
13 
15 
238 
21 
4 



130 

98 

S 

64 

14T 
76 
22 
SO 

122 
5 

195 

202 
20 



240 
36 



190 

S2 
92 



APPENDIX.— TELEGRAPHS AND CANALS. 



TELEGRAPHS OF THE UNITED STATES. 



Names of Companies. 



New York and Boston Telegmph Co. . 

Merchants' Tel. C<i.. N. Y. aiul Boston. . 

House's Printing Telegraph 

Boston anii Pi tri land 

Merchants' Tel. Co., Boston and Portland 

Portland to Calais 

B"stun to Burlington, Vt., and thence to 
Og.iensbur^i, N. Y 

Boston to Newburyport 

Worcester to New Beii ford 

Worcester to New London 

New York. Albany, and Buffalo 

N. Y. Stale Tel. Co., New York to Buffalo 

Syracuse to Ofjdensburg 

Troy to Saratoga 

Syracuse to Oswego 

House Tel. Co., Kew York to Buffalo. 

N.Y. and Erie Tel., New York to Dunkirk 

N. Y. and Krie Railroad Telegraph, New 
York to Dunkirk 

MagTiftie Tel. Co., N. Y. to Washington. 

House Line, New York to Philadelphia. 

Troy and Canada Junction Telegraph 
Co., Troy and Montreal 

Erie and Slichigan Telegraph Co., Buf- 
falo to Milwaukie 

Cleveland to Cincinnati 

Cincinnati to St. Louis, r/rt Indianapolis. 

Cincinnati to St. Louis, via Vincenues . . 

Clevelam i and Pittsburg 

Cleveland and Zanesville 

Lake Erie Tel. Co.. Buffalo to Detroit . . 

Cincinnati and San-^lusky City 

Toledo and Terre Haute 

Chicago and St. Louis 

Milwaukie and Green Bay 

Milwaukie and Galena 



i 




■r..ui 


s 


Miles 


m.lMof 
wire. 


a 


2.50 


760 


2 


2.W 


500 


1 


2,^ 


250 


1 


1110 


100 


1 


100 


100 


1 


.350 


860 


1 


350 


850 


1 


84 


34 


1 


97 


97 


1 


7+ 


74 


» 


SI 3 


1,5311 


2 


S50 


1,100 


1 


150 


150 


1 


36 


86 


1 


40 


40 


2 


550 


1,100 


1 


440 


440 


T 


460 


460 


7 


260 


1,820 


1 


100 


100 


1 


260 


260 


2 


800 


1,600 


2 


250 


600 


1 


400 


400 


1 


410 


410 


2 


150 


Si "J 


1 


150 


150 


1 


4»0 


400 


1 


218 


218 


1 


800 


300 


1 


400 


400 


1 


201) 


200 


1 


2.511 


2.'il> 



Kames of Compaoiea. 



Chicago to Galena, Whitewater, & Dixon 

Cliicngo and -Jamt'sville 

IjUtTalM and Canada Junction Tel. Co. 
N. York and New Orleans, by Cliarieston 
Harper's Ferry to "Wineliesler, Virg. . 

Balliniore to Cumberland 

lialliinore to Harrisburg 

York and Lancaster 

Philadelphia and Lewistown, Dei 

Philadelphia and New Y'ork 

Philadelphia and Pitlsburg 

Philadelphia and Pottsyille 

Reading and Harrisburg 

Troy and Whitehall 

Auburn and Elmira 

Pitlslmrg and Cincinnati 

Columbus and Portsmouth, Ohio 

Columbia and New Orleans 

New Orleans to Balize 

Cincinnati and Maysville, Ky 

Alton and Galena 

St. Louis and Independence 

St. Louis and Chicago 

Newark and Zanesville 

Mansfield and Sandusky 

Columbus and Lancaster, Ohio 

Lancaster and Logan 

Cincinnati to Dayton 

Zanesville and Marietta 

Dunkirk, New Y'ork. and Pittsburg 

Camden and Cape Mav, N. .Ter 

Camden and Miuiiit Holly, N. Jer. 

New Y'ork and Sandy Hook 

Cleveland and N. Orleans, by Cincinnati 



810 

mo 

^Oil 

1,966 

32 

824 
72 
22 
12 

120 

80il 
9S 
51 
72 
75 

310 
90 

633 
90 
60 

880 
25 

330 
40 
40 
80 
20 

100 
66 

200 

100 

25 

80 

1,200 



Toul 
nilesof 



89 16,735 23,281 



810 

100 

200 

1,966 

32 

824 
72 
22 
12 

720 

809 
93 
61 
72 
75 

620 
90 

633 
90 
60 

BSD 
25 

830 
40 
40 
80 
26 

100 
66 

200 

100 

25 

80 

1,200 



CANALS OF THE UNITED STATES. 



Names of Canals. LengtU in Miles. 

Maine: 

Cumberland and O.xford 20.5 

Songo liiver Improvement.... 30.5 
Nkw Hampshire: 

Bow Falls 75 

Hookset Falls 13 

Amoskeag Falls 1. 

Sewell's Falls 25. 

Union Falls 9. 

Middlesex — 

Vermont : 

While River Falls 5 

Bellow's Falls 16 

Waterquechy 4 

Massachusetts : 

Middlesex 27. 

Pawtucket 1-6 

Elackgtone 45. 

Hampshire and Hampden 22. 

Montague Fails 3. 

South llatiley Falls 2. 

Enoi>E Island: 

Blackstone — 

Connecticut: 

Farmington (filled in) 56. 

Enfl.-ld FaUs 5.5 

Nkw y obk : 

Erie 8f>4. 

Charaplain Junctinn 64. 

Waterford Junction 2. 

Oswego 33. 

Cayuga and Seneca 21. 

Crooked Lake ^^ 

Chemung 39. 

Chemung Feeder 16. 

Chenango 97 

Genesee Valley IOS.5 

Danville Branch 11- 

Black River 77.5 

Feeder 10. 

Delaware and Hudson 83. 

Harlem (ni)t used) 8. 

Crolon Aqueduct 40.5 

960 



ui Crt) 



t-ih . 



Miles. 
8. 



Oneida 
New .Tersev : 

Delaware and Raritan 42. 

Morris 101.7 

Salem 4. 

Pennsylvania : 

Delaware Division 59.7 

Eastern do 44.5 

Susquehanna do. " 39. 

Juniata 127.5 

West Branch 75. 

North Braneh 73. 

Western Division inS. 

Franklin 22. 

Erie and Beaver 136. 

French Creek Feeder 27. 

Lackawaxen 23. 

Bald Eagle 25. 

Susquehanna, or Tide Water . 45. 

Conestoga 18. 

Codorus 11« 

ITnion 82. 

S(dinylliil! 108. 

Lehiirh Navigation 47 

DELAWAr.F,: 

Chesapeake and Delaware ... 14. 
Maryland : 

Chesapeake and Ohio 134. 

Chesapeake and Delaware .... — 
District of Columiua : 

Chesapeake and Ohio — 

Virginia : 

Alexandria 7.2 

James River and Kanawha ..14S. 

Dismal Swamp 23. 

Branches H. 

NoKTH Carolina: 

Weldnn 12. 

Club Fort and llarlow 1.5 

Dism:d Swamp — 

South Carolina: 

Santee 22. 

Wiuyaw 7.5 



Nftmes of Cacala. Length ia Mile^ 

Saluda 6.2 

Drehr'8 1.3 

Lnrick 1. 

Lockhart's 2.7 

Waleree 4. 

Calawaba 7.8 

Gkorgia : 

Savannah and Ogeechee 16. 

Brunswick 12. 

Alabama : 

Muscle Shoal 85.7 

HuntsviHe 16. 

Louisiana : 

Orleans Bank 4.3 

Cana! Caroudelet 2. 

Barat.-iria 85. 

Lake Veret 8. 

Kentucky : 

Kentucky River Navigation . .100. 

Licking - do. .. 94. 

Green do. ..190. 

Barren do. ..100. 

Louisville and Portland 2.5 

Illinois: 

Illinois and Michigan 113. 

Indiana ; 

Wabash and Erie 458.7 

Whitewater — 

Ohio: 

Ohio and Erie 807. 

Zanesville Branch 14. 

Columbus do 10. 

Lancaster do 9. 

llncking Valley 56. 

Walhonding Branch 26. 

Eastport, do 4. 

Dresden do 2. 

Miami and Branches 87.7 

Miami Extension and do 189. 

Wabash and Erie — 

Muskingum Improvement 91. 

Sandy and Beaver, Mahoning. 86, 



J. H. COLTON'S 



GEOGRAPHICAL AND STATISTICAL WORKS. 

Office, No. 86 Cedar Street, New York. 

Tlio general accuracy and exactness of [he works published from this long-estalilistied house lias been fully apDrociait'i 
by the learned and intelligent of ail parLt of the world ; and it is with pleasure that the publisher can refer to this fact, ih 
solicitinrj a continuance of the public favor. U has ever been his care to procure the earliest an<I most reliable informa- 
tion on all topics connected with the peculiar branch in which he is engaged, and being assisted in the several depart- 
ments of his business by competent co-laborators. he has been enabled to invest his publicatii>iiB witii Uiat authenticity 
which has gained for him the confidence and approhalion of all persons interested in geographical aud statistical inqui- 
ries. His efTorls in the same direction are unremitted, and by frequent revisions and the issue of new works, the public 
may rely upon receiving, in an authentic form, every new geographical and statistical fact at the earliest period. The 
foUowiog works from his Catalogue for 1353 (which may be had on application), are worthy of special notice: 

Siinttnttil 3Jiii|is. 



CALIFORNIA GOVEBNMENT MAP, TO l.y 59 inches. 

WORLD, t^"i M<T(Mlor"3 pnjr(.ti'in, eni;ra\etl on steel, and 
highly embellished, in thf'^tf sizes, viz. ; 80 by GO inclies ; 
44 by 30 inches ; and -iS by 22 inclies. 

WORLD, i» hemispheres, for the xise of schools and church- 
es, each lieniispliere aixfift \n diameter. 

NORTH AMERICA, 1 

SOUTH AMERICA, I in two series; the size of one be- 

EITROFE, - ing 5S by 44 inches, and of the 

ASIA, otlier 32 by 25 inclies. 

AFRICA, I 

NORTH AND SOUTH AMERICA, 32 by 25 inches. 

WEST INDIES, 3i by 25 inches. 

UNITED STATES, etc, engraved on steel, iri three sizes, 
viz.: S2 by (5S inches; G2 by 55 inches; and 4^> by 3li 
inches. 

MEXICO, 42 by :32 indies. 1 

Also, mounted Maps of PALESTINE, in tioo sizes, viz. ; 
TE^, etc., 82 by 25 inches; and a irrcat \arie(y of local Maps, 
OF THB Presidents, etc. 

COLTON'S AMERICAN ATLAS, $12 50 and $15. 

COLTON'S ATLAS OF THE WORLD, $15 and »1S. 

f II i Ji r - S n u I; s , €\i. 

Guide-Book through the United States, Canada, etc., «iih a large Map. 
Route-Book through the United States, Canada, etc., with a large Map. 
Guide-Book through New England and the Middle States, with a new Map. 
Western Tourist and Emigrant's Guide, 'vith a township Maj). 
Overland Guide to California and Oregon, by Horn, with a Map. 
Isthmus of Panama Guide, " iih (''■«'? .Maps, by Dr. E. L. Autenrieth. 
Western Portraiture, « nh a township Map. by D. S. Curliss. 
Progress of th» United States, by Br. Visher. 

(t'rnurliiiij ,H!ii|i3 in |^Driaiilr .furiii. 



NEW YORK, in townships, 60 by 50 inches. 
INDIANA, ill sections, of two sizes, viz. : 60 by 48 inches, 

and 43 by 32 inches. 
ILLINOIS, in .'•ections, 4-3 by 33 inches. 
MICHIGAN, in sections, 35 by 25 inches, 
TOWNSHIP MAPS, of the States severally, a cnitorm 
SERIES, size of each 32 by 29 inches, now in progress, asd 
of which the lullowing are completed : 
Mai.ne. N. Hamv., Ouio, 

Vkbmont, Conn., "^'lsconsin. 

Mass., Eiiode Island, Missooki. 

New YoltK, Iowa, 

YiEG., Mn.. Del., etc., etc. 

NEW ENGLAND, in townships, on steel and embellished 

64 by 60 inches. 
SOUTHERN STATES, size. 80 by 60 inches (in progress). 
WESTERN STATES, in towns, ii by 36 inches. 
SO by 62 inches, and 43 by 32 inches ; Egypt, Arabia Pb- 
AI^o, the Stream of Time, an historical chart ; PonTRATTS 



UNITED STATES, in several sizes. 
NEW YORK, in i«c. sizes. 
MAINE, NEW BRUNSWICK, etc. 
NEW HAMPSHIRE and VERMONT. 
MASS., RHODE ISLAND, CONNECTICUT. 
VIRGINIA, DELAWARE, ar,.l MARYLAND. 



WESTERN STATES, > iz : "hi,.. Indiana, etc. 

OHIO, MICHIGAN, WISCONSIN. 

ILLINOIS, IOWA, INDIANA. 

NORTH and SOUTH CAROLINA. 

MISSOURI, TEXAS, GEORGLi. 

NEW YORK VICINITY, LONG ISLAND. 



X. B. All of the above Maps arc complete in regard of railroads, canals, etc., up to the date which apjiears in the llljc, 
and ill all respects are much more correct and detailed than any others hilherlo published. 



Besides hh own puhlicalions.J. II. C. has constantly on hand an asfortmcnf of American and 
foreign Atluscx. Maps. Globes, and other geographical ivorls. 






"R 2A IG^; ■ 



